hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Balsalazide
Balsalazide is an anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. It is sold under the brand names Giazo, Colazal in the US and Colazide in the UK. It is also sold in generic form in the US by several generic manufacturers.

It is usually administered as the disodium salt. Balsalazide is a prodrug of mesalazine, also known as 5-aminosalicylic acid, or 5-ASA. The advantage of balsalazide over mesalazine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis is believed to be due to balsalazide not being metabolized in the small intestine; it can thus reach the large intestine intact, where it is then metabolized to mesalazine. It is in the category of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) family of medications. It is unclear exactly how it works.

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) comprise a category of otherwise unrelated disease-modifying drugs defined by their use in rheumatoid arthritis to slow down disease progression. The term is often used in contrast to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (which refers to agents that treat the inflammation, but not the underlying cause) and steroids (which blunt the immune response but are insufficient to slow down the progression of the disease).

The term "antirheumatic" can be used in similar contexts, but without making a claim about an effect on the disease course. Other terms that have historically been used to refer to the same group of drugs are "remission-inducing drugs" (RIDs) and "slow-acting antirheumatic drugs" (SAARDs).
Robert James Lees
Robert James Lees (12 August 1849  – 11 January 1931) was a British spiritualist, medium, preacher, writer and healer of the late Victorian era and early twentieth century known today for claims that he knew the identity of Jack the Ripper, responsible for the Whitechapel murders of 1888.

Sunday People
The Sunday People is a British tabloid Sunday newspaper. It was founded as The People on 16 October 1881.

At one point owned by Odhams Press, The People was acquired along with Odhams by the Mirror Group in 1961, along with the Daily Herald, which eventually became The Sun. It switched from broadsheet to tabloid on 22 September 1974.

The Sunday People is now published by Reach plc, and shares a website with the Mirror papers. In July 2011, when it benefited from the closure of the News of the World, it had an average Sunday circulation of 806,544. By December 2016 the circulation had shrunk to 239,364 and by August 2020 to 125,216.
Macx Davies
Macx Davies (born December 24, 1992) is a Canadian biathlete. He was born in Calgary, Alberta. He has competed in the Biathlon World Cup, and represented Canada at the Biathlon World Championships 2016.

Biathlon World Cup
The Biathlon World Cup is a top-level biathlon season-long competition series. It has been held since the winter seasons of 1977–78 for men and 1982–83 for women. The women's seasons until 1986–87 season were called the European Cup, although participation was not restricted to Europeans.
12th Infantry Division (Russian Empire)
The 12th Infantry Division (Russian: 12-я пехотная дивизия, 12-ya Pekhotnaya Diviziya) was an infantry formation of the Russian Imperial Army that existed in various formations from the early 19th century until the end of World War I and the Russian Revolution. The division was based in Lutsk in the years leading up to 1914. It fought in World War I and was demobilized in 1918.

Lutsk
Lutsk (Ukrainian: Луцьк, IPA: [lutsʲk] ⓘ; see below for other names) is a city on the Styr River in northwestern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Volyn Oblast and the administrative center of Lutsk Raion within the oblast. Lutsk has a population of 220,986 (2022 estimate).

A city with almost a thousand years of history, recorded in 1085, Lutsk historically served as an administrative, cultural and religious center in Volhynia. The city contains several landmarks in various styles, including Renaissance, Baroque and Neoclassical, the most known being the medieval Lubart's Castle.
Early history of South Africa
The Prehistory of South Africa (and, inseparably, the wider region of Southern Africa) lasts from the Middle Stone Age until the 17th century. Southern Africa was first reached by Homo sapiens before 130,000 years ago, possibly before 260,000 years ago.
The region remained in the Late Stone Age until the first traces of pastoralism were introduced about 2,000 years ago. 
The Bantu migration reached the area now South Africa around the first decade of the 3rd century, over 1800 years ago. Early Bantu kingdoms were established in the 11th century.
First European contact dates to 1488, but European colonization began in the 17th century (see History of South Africa (1652–1815)).

Zulu people
Zulu people (/ˈzuːluː/; Zulu: amaZulu) are a native people of Southern Africa of the Nguni. The Zulu people are the largest ethnic group and nation in South Africa, living mainly in the province of KwaZulu-Natal.

They originated from Nguni communities who took part in the Bantu migrations over millennia. As the clans integrated, the rulership of Shaka brought success to the Zulu nation due to his improved military tactics and organization.

Zulus take pride in their ceremonies such as the Umhlanga, or Reed Dance, and their various forms of beadwork.

The art and skill of beadwork take part in the identification of Zulu people and act as a form of communication and dedication to the nation and specific traditions. Today, the Zulu people are predominantly Christian, but have created a syncretic religion that is combined with the Zulu's prior belief systems.
Ape (1976 film)
A*P*E, released in South Korea as King Kong's Great Counterattack (Korean: 킹콩의 대역습; RR: Kingkongui daeyeokseup), is a 1976 monster film. An international co-production between South Korea and the United States, the film was produced by Kukje Movies and the Lee Ming Film Co. (South Korea) and Worldwide Entertainment (U.S.), and was shot in 3-D using the Space-Vision process. Directed by Paul Leder and featuring special effects by Park Kwang Nam, the film stars Joanna Kerns, Rod Arrants and Alex Nicol. It marked an early film appearance by Kerns, later known for her work in television.

A*P*E was released at approximately the same time as Dino De Laurentiis' 1976 remake of King Kong. The film is regarded by some critics as a Z movie. In later years, the film was released under the titles Attack of the Giant Horny Gorilla (for its 1982 re-release on the grindhouse circuit) and Hideous Mutant (for its original home video release).

Monster movie
A monster movie, monster film, or creature feature is a film that focuses on one or more characters struggling to survive attacks by one or more antagonistic monsters. Such may be man-sized, like the Creature from the Black Lagoon, or abnormally large ones, like King Kong or Godzilla. The film may also fall under the horror, comedy, fantasy, or science fiction genres. Monster movies originated with adaptations of horror folklore and literature.
Battle of Reval
The Battle of Reval took place on 13 May [O.S. 2 May] 1790 during the Russo-Swedish War of 1788–1790, off the port of Reval in the roadstead (now Tallinn, Estonia). This battle ended in an imposing Imperial Russian Navy victory; it has been compared to the practice of running the gauntlet.

Running the gauntlet
"Running the gauntlet" refers to taking part in a form of corporal punishment in which one or more individuals is forced to run between two rows of people who attack them with weapons. Metaphorically, the term is also used to convey a public trial that one must overcome.
Naved Yasin
Naved Yasin (born 15 July 1987) is a Pakistani cricketer. He has played in more than 100 first-class cricket matches since his debut in 2007, appearing domestically for several different teams, including Multan, State Bank of Pakistan, Khan Research Laboratories, Rawalpindi, and National Bank of Pakistan. He has also represented Pakistan at Under-19 and A-team level.

Naved made his first-class debut for Multan against Hyderabad on 18 January 2007.

Multan cricket team
The Multan cricket team is a first-class cricket team based in Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Their home ground is the Multan Cricket Stadium. They participate in the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy. It was refounded in the 2023/24 season after a revamp of the domestic structure.
Sifang Bridge
Sifang Bridge (Chinese : 四方桥, pinyin: sifang qiao, literal translation: four square/direction bridge) is an interchange bridge connecting 4th Ring Road and G1 Beijing–Harbin Expressway, which is located in Chaoyang District. Coordinates: 39°52′12″N 116°28′58″E﻿ / ﻿39.86993°N 116.48271°E﻿ / 39.86993; 116.48271

It is the origin (Exit 0; 0 km; south end) of G1 Beijing–Harbin Expressway, running eastwards to 5th Ring Road.

On 4th Ring Road, running north–south, it is marked as Exit 14.

Westwards, it runs towards Huawei Bridge on 3rd Ring Road.

5th Ring Road
Beijing's 5th Ring Road (simplified Chinese: 五环路; traditional Chinese: 五環路; pinyin: Wǔ Huán Lù) is a ring road encircling the city about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) away from the city centre. It takes the form of an expressway and is 98 kilometres (61 mi) in length. Being a ring road, it has no natural start or end point, although the "0 km" mark is near the northeastern stretch at Laiguangying, at the intersection with the Jingcheng Expressway. The expressway ring road is a provincial-level road in Beijing municipality.

All of Beijing's expressways, except for the Tongyan Expressway, are interlinked with the 5th Ring Road.

Portions of the expressway have a maximum speed limit of 90 km/h, with the remainder imposing a speed limit of 100 km/h. There is a universal minimum speed limit of 50 km/h.

The 5th Ring Road has three lanes in each direction, for a total of six lanes.
Styphelia mitchellii
Styphelia mitchellii  is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae family and is endemic to  Queensland. It is a shrub with sharply-pointed, narrowly oblong leaves and white, tube-shaped flowers.

Ericaceae
The Ericaceae (/ˌɛrɪˈkeɪsi.aɪ, -iː/) are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with about 4,250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it the 14th most speciose family of flowering plants. The many well known and economically important members of the Ericaceae include the cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry, rhododendron (including azaleas), and various common heaths and heathers (Erica, Cassiope, Daboecia, and Calluna for example).
David Samuels (writer)
David Samuels (born 1967) is an American non-fiction and fiction writer. He is the editor of County Highway, a magazine in the form of a 19th-century American broadsheet which he founded with Walter Kirn. He is a contributing writer at The New York Times Magazine, a longtime contributing editor at Harper's Magazine; a contributor to The Atlantic, N+1, The New Yorker and other magazines; and the literary editor of Tablet.

N+1
n+1 is a New York–based American literary magazine that publishes social criticism, political commentary, essays, art, poetry, book reviews, and short fiction. It is published in print three times annually with regular articles being published online. Each print issue averages around 200 pages in length.
Handball at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's handball tournament at the 2024 Summer Olympics was the 15th edition of the handball event for men at the Summer Olympic Games. It was held from 27 July to 11 August 2024. The preliminary round games were played at the South Paris Arena 6 in Paris and the final games at the Pierre Mauroy Stadium in Lille, France.

Denmark won their second title with a win over Germany. It was Denmark's third final in a row and the biggest win in an olympic final. Spain captured the bronze medal after a victory against Slovenia.

Stade Pierre-Mauroy
The Stade Pierre-Mauroy (French pronunciation: [stad pjɛʁ moʁwa]), also known as the Decathlon Arena – Stade Pierre-Mauroy for sponsorship reasons, is a multi-use retractable roof stadium in Villeneuve-d'Ascq, Metropolis of Lille, Northern France, that opened in August 2012. With a seating capacity of 50,186, it is the fourth-largest sports stadium in France and the home of French professional football club Lille.

Initially named Grand Stade Lille Métropole, the stadium was renamed on 21 June 2013, after the death of the former Mayor of Lille and former Prime Minister of France Pierre Mauroy (1928–2013). The stadium, which hosted UEFA Euro 2016 and 2023 Rugby World Cup, can also be turned into an adjustable arena being expandable to 30,000 seats where indoor sports games and concerts take place. Therefore, multiple Davis Cup events, EuroBasket 2015 and 2024 Summer Olympics basketball and handball tournaments matches have been held in the building.
Off-flavour
Off-flavours or off-flavors (see spelling differences) are taints in food products caused by the presence of undesirable compounds.  They can originate in raw materials, from chemical changes during food processing and storage, and from micro-organisms. Off-flavours are a recurring issue in drinking water supply and many food products.

Water bodies are often affected by geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol, affecting the flavour of water for drinking and of fish growing in that water. Haloanisoles similarly affect water bodies, and are a recognised cause of off-flavour in wine.  Cows grazing on weeds such as wild garlic can produce a ‘weedy’ off-flavour in milk.

Many more examples can be seen throughout food production sectors including in oats, coffee, glucose syrup and brewing.

Allium ursinum
Allium ursinum, known as wild garlic, ramsons, cowleekes, cows's leek, cowleek, buckrams, broad-leaved garlic, wood garlic, bear leek, Eurasian wild garlic, onion grass, or bear's garlic, is a bulbous perennial flowering plant in the amaryllis family, Amaryllidaceae. It is native to Eurasia, where it grows in moist woodland. It is a wild relative of onion and garlic, all belonging to the same genus, Allium. There are two recognized subspecies: A. ursinum subsp. ursinum and A. ursinum subsp. ucrainicum.
Hajiya
Hajiya is a name. Notable people with this name include:

Hajiya Haidzatu Ahmed (1966–2021), Nigerian traditional ruler

Hajiya Ma'daki (1907– c. 1990), Nigerian noblewoman

Hajiya Maryam Abacha (born 1947), first lady of Nigeria

Hajiya Nàja'atu Mohammed (born 1956), Nigerian politician

Hajiya Sa'adatu Ahmad (1948–2013), Hausa singer

Hajiya Zainab Maina (born 1948), Minister of Women Affairs and Social Development of Nigeria

Hajiya Haidzatu Ahmed
Hajiya Haidzatu Ahmed (1966-2021) was a Nigerian traditional ruler who reigned as the Queen of Kumbwada from 1998 to 2021. As queen, she ruled firmly against domestic violence against women and is a proponent of women's education.
Chesapeake and Ohio class H-8
The Chesapeake and Ohio class H-8 is a class of 60 simple articulated 2-6-6-6 steam locomotives built by the Lima Locomotive Works in Lima, Ohio between 1941 and 1948, operating until the mid 1950s. The locomotives were among the most powerful steam locomotives ever built and hauled fast, heavy freight trains for the railroad. Only two units were preserved; Nos. 1601 and 1604.

Hinton, West Virginia
Hinton is a city in and the county seat of Summers County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 2,266 at the 2020 census. Hinton was established in 1873 and chartered in 1897. Hinton was named after John "Jack" Hinton, the original owner of the town site. Much of Hinton's downtown was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
Maxim Shipov
Maxim Alexeyevich Shipov (Russian: Максим Алексеевич Шипов; born 10 May 1987, in Moscow) is a Russian-born figure skater who competed mainly for Israel. Shipov represented Russia at one international competition, the 2005 Skate Israel. After switching to Israel and sitting out the mandatory wait period, he began appearing internationally for Israel in 2007. A three-time Israeli national champion, he competed at eight ISU Championships and qualified to the free skate at the 2011 European Championships in Bern, Switzerland.

2011 European Figure Skating Championships
The 2011 European Figure Skating Championships was an international figure skating competition in the 2010–11 season. Skaters competed in the categories of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

The 2011 competition was held from 24 to 30 January 2011 at the PostFinance Arena in Bern, Switzerland.
Pwllmeyric
Pwllmeyric (Welsh: Pwllmeurig) is a small village in Monmouthshire, Wales, located 1 mile south west of Chepstow, on the A48 road within the parish of Mathern. The name Pwllmeyric means, in Welsh, "Meurig's pool" and refers to the pwll or creek of the Severn estuary which, before it silted up, linked the village to the sea.  It was named for Meurig ap Tewdrig, king of the early Welsh kingdoms of Gwent and Glywysing in the 5th or 6th century, who buried his father Tewdrig (St. Theodoric) at Mathern.

The village is the presumed birthplace of Wales international footballer Eddie Parris, and the childhood home of rock musician Grant Nicholas.

The population in 2011 was 635.

Kingdom of Gwent
Gwent (Old Welsh: Guent) was a medieval Welsh kingdom, lying between the Rivers Wye and Usk. It existed from the end of Roman rule in Britain in about the 5th century until the Norman invasion of Wales in the 11th century. Along with its neighbour Glywysing, it seems to have had a great deal of cultural continuity with the earlier Silures, keeping their own courts and diocese separate from the rest of Wales until their conquest by Gruffydd ap Llywelyn. Although it recovered its independence after his death in 1063, Gwent was the first of the Welsh kingdoms to be overrun following the Norman conquest.
St Andrew's (Havering ward)
St Andrew's is an electoral ward in the London Borough of Havering. The ward has existed since the creation of the borough on 1 April 1965 and was first used in the 1964 elections. It returns three councillors to Havering London Borough Council.

The ward covers Hornchurch town centre and adjacent residential areas. The ward was dominated by the Conservative Party at the first eight elections. Since 1994, the Hornchurch Residents Association has been the most successful party to stand candidates.

The ward is named for St Andrew's Church, Hornchurch.

River Ingrebourne
The River Ingrebourne /ˈɪŋɡərˌbɔːrn/ is a tributary of the River Thames 27 miles (43.3 km) in length. It is considered a strategic waterway in London, forming part of the Blue Ribbon Network. It flows through the London Borough of Havering roughly from north to south, joining the Thames at Rainham.
Ropley Dean
Ropley Dean also Dene or simply The Dean / Dene is a hamlet in the parish of Ropley, Hampshire, England. It is 7.3 miles (11.7 km) southwest of Alton.

North of the hamlet is the restored railway station on the Watercress Line. Trains from here connect with the nearest national rail station 7.3 miles (11.7 km) to the northeast, at Alton.

Ropley railway station
Ropley railway station is a railway station in Ropley, Hampshire, England, which opened in 1865 and reopened in 1977 after four years' closure, to be served by steam and select diesel trains on the Watercress Line which shares its terminus at Alton railway station along with the more major Alton Line.
1973 Coliseum Mall International – Singles
The 1973 Coliseum Mall International – Singles was an event of the 1973 Coliseum Mall International men's tennis tournament that was played at the Hampton Roads Coliseum in Hampton, Virginia in the United States from February 26 through March 3, 1973. Stan Smith was the defending champion, but did not compete in this edition. Second-seeded Jimmy Connors won the singles title, defeating Ilie Năstase 4–6, 6–3, 7–5, 6–3 in the final.

Stan Smith
Stanley Roger Smith (born December 14, 1946) is an American former professional tennis player. A world No. 1 player and two-time major singles champion (at the 1971 US Open and 1972 Wimbledon Championships), Smith also paired with Bob Lutz to create one of the most successful doubles teams of all-time.

In 1970, Smith won the inaugural year-end championships title. In 1972, he was the year-end world No. 1 singles player. In 1973, he won his second and last year end championship title at the Dallas WCT Finals. In addition, he won four Grand Prix Championship Series titles.

In his early years he improved his tennis game through lessons from Pancho Segura, the Pasadena Tennis Patrons, and the sponsorship of the Southern California Tennis Association headed by Perry T. Jones. Smith is a past President of the International Tennis Hall of Fame and an ITHF Life Trustee. Outside tennis circles, Smith is best known as the namesake of a line of tennis shoes made by Adidas.
Havnar Bóltfelag II
Havnar Bóltfelag II, or simply HB II, is a Faroese football club based in Tórshavn. It is the reserve team of the Faroe Islands Premier League club Havnar Bóltfelag.

Reserve teams in the Faroe Islands play in the same league system as their senior team, rather than in a reserve league, but they cannot play in the same division as their senior team, so HB II is ineligible for promotion to the Faroe Islands Premier League and also cannot play in the Faroe Islands Cup.

In the past, however, the team participated in the top division for two seasons, in 1948 and 1949.

Faroe Islands Cup
The Faroe Islands Cup (Faroese: Løgmanssteypið, literally the Prime Minister Cup) is the main football cup competition in the Faroe Islands. The first edition was played in 1955. The competition is organized by the Faroe Islands Football Association and is contested annually by clubs from across the Faroese league system. Since 1979, teams from multiple divisions have been eligible to participate, with the winner typically qualifying for European competition. Most finals in recent decades have been played at Tórsvøllur in Tórshavn, the national stadium of the Faroe Islands.
Gandigar
Gandigar is a village in Upper Dir District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan on Dir Chitral road. Its population is about 1 lakh (100,000). The village is surrounded by green hills and the Panjkora River flows through it.

Panjkora River
The Panjkora River (Urdu: دریائے پنجکوڑہ) is a river in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in north-west Pakistan. The river runs through the mountainous northern part of the province, and forms the Kumrat Valley. It passes from Dir, Timergara, and joins with Swat River at Chakdara. It is generally characterized by steep slopes on either side of the riverbank covered in thick forests. The river has a large catchment area, making the river susceptible to significant  flooding – most notably during the 2010 floods that occurred throughout much of Pakistan. It was named after Panjkora clan, a sub-clan in Mamyali section of Swati tribe which inhabited this region during 12 and 16 centuries and currently living in Hazara Division.
American Committee for the Defense of Leon Trotsky
The American Committee for the Defense of Leon Trotsky was a pseudo-judicial process set up by American Trotskyists as a front organization following the first of the Moscow Trials. It had no powers of subpoena, nor official imprimatur from any government. It was composed of historians, sociologists, journalists, authors, and other notable figures, including Edmund Wilson, Suzanne La Follette, Louis Hacker, Norman Thomas, John Dos Passos, Reinhold Niebuhr, George Novack, Franz Boas, John Chamberlain and Sidney Hook. John Dewey, then seventy-eight years old, agreed to head its Commission of Inquiry.

Front organization
A front organization is any entity set up by and controlled by another organization that acts for the parent group without the actions being attributed to the parent group, thereby allowing them to hide certain activities from the authorities or the public.