hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Snowking Mountain
Snowking Mountain is a 7,433-foot (2,266-metre) summit located in Skagit County of Washington state. Situated within the Glacier Peak Wilderness, Snowking Mountain is positioned west of the crest of the North Cascades, approximately 18 miles northeast of the town of Darrington. It is set within the Glacier Peak Wilderness, on land managed by Mount Baker–Snoqualmie National Forest. Snowking has two subsidiary peaks, West Peak (7,425 ft), and Middle Peak (7,400 ft). A broad unnamed glacier known colloquially as Snowking Glacier rests on the north face. Downslope of that glacier are Snowking Lake, Found Lake, and Cyclone Lake. Mount Tommy Thompson is three miles to the northwest, and the nearest higher neighbor is Mount Misch, 5.75 miles (9.25 km) to the southeast. Precipitation runoff from Snowking Mountain drains into tributaries of the Skagit River.

Lithosphere
A lithosphere is the rigid outermost rocky shell of a terrestrial planet or natural satellite. On Earth, it is composed of the crust and the lithospheric mantle, the topmost portion of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on time scales of up to thousands of years or more. The crust and upper mantle are distinguished on the basis of chemistry and mineralogy.
Goddard Pemberton
Sir Goddard Pemberton (died 1 August 1616) was an English landowner and Member of Parliament.

Pemberton was the son of Robert Pemberton of Rushden and Margaret Throckmorton, the daughter of Richard Throckmorton of Higham Ferrers. His great-uncle was Sir George Throckmorton of Coughton Court.

Pemberton greatly benefited by his marriage and the political influence of Sir John Stanhope, the husband of his sister-in-law Margaret Macwilliam. His home was Hertingfordbury House, where he hosted King James and Anne of Denmark for a day in July 1605.

Pemberton was Member of Parliament for Higham Ferrers in 1604 and Sheriff of Hertfordshire in 1615.

Pemberton married Susannah, daughter of Henry Macwilliam and widow of Edward Saunders. Some sources say she was the daughter of Sir Thomas Cheek, her mother was Mary Cheke.

Pemberton died on 1 August 1616 of the "new ague or sickness", and was buried at Rushden. His widow married Thomas Ireland.

Higham Ferrers (UK Parliament constituency)
Higham Ferrers was a parliamentary borough in Northamptonshire, which was represented in the House of Commons from 1558 until 1832, when it was abolished by the Great Reform Act. It was one of the very small number of English boroughs in that period which was entitled to elect only one rather than two Members of Parliament.
Abby Dernburg
Abby F. Dernburg is a professor of Cell and Developmental Biology at the University of California, Berkeley, an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, a Faculty Senior Scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and one of two professors at UC Berkeley who was recognized into The National Academy of Sciences..

Abby F. Dernburg was elected to the National Academy of Sciences, alongside Professor Ramamoorthy Ramesh, bringing the total number of active members to 2,617.

Chromosome segregation
Chromosome segregation is the process in eukaryotes by which two sister chromatids formed as a consequence of DNA replication, or paired homologous chromosomes, separate from each other and migrate to opposite poles of the nucleus. This segregation process occurs during both mitosis and meiosis. Chromosome segregation also occurs in prokaryotes. However, in contrast to eukaryotic chromosome segregation, replication and segregation are not temporally separated. Instead segregation occurs progressively following replication.
Leonard Bloomfield
Leonard Bloomfield (April 1, 1887 – April 18, 1949) was an American linguist who led the development of structural linguistics in the United States during the 1930s and '40s. He is considered to be the father of American distributionalism. His influential textbook Language, published in 1933, presented a comprehensive description of American structural linguistics. He made significant contributions to Indo-European historical linguistics, the description of Austronesian languages, and description of languages of the Algonquian family.

Bloomfield's approach to linguistics was characterized by its emphasis on the scientific basis of linguistics and emphasis on formal procedures for the analysis of linguistic data. The influence of Bloomfieldian structural linguistics declined in the late 1950s and 1960s as the theory of generative grammar developed by Noam Chomsky came to predominate.

Indo-European studies
Indo-European studies (German: Indogermanistik) is an interdisciplinary field that examines the Indo-European languages and related cultural history through historical linguistics, comparative philology, archaeology, and genetics.

The discipline coalesced in late eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Europe as comparative linguists including Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn, Franz Bopp, and August Schleicher refined methods for reconstructing a shared ancestry among the languages. Research centers on rebuilding the Proto-Indo-European language, homeland, and society by combining comparative analysis with archaeological, mythological, and genetic evidence to test models such as the Kurgan hypothesis. Dedicated programs, research centers, journals, and book series sustain Indo-European studies across Europe and North America.
Lucy Kroll
Lucy Kroll (3 July 1909 – 14 March 1997) was an American theatrical and literary agent.  Her clients included Carl Sandburg, James Earl Jones, Norman Mailer, John Vlahos, and Horton Foote. Born in Brooklyn, her maiden name was Lucy Rosengardt.  She graduated from Hunter College in 1933.

Carl Sandburg
Carl August Sandburg (January 6, 1878 – July 22, 1967) was an American poet, biographer, journalist, and editor.  He won three Pulitzer Prizes: two for his poetry and one for his biography of Abraham Lincoln. During his lifetime, Sandburg was widely regarded as "a major figure in contemporary literature", especially for volumes of his collected verse, including Chicago Poems (1916), Cornhuskers (1918), and Smoke and Steel (1920). He enjoyed "unrivaled appeal as a poet in his day, perhaps because the breadth of his experiences connected him with so many strands of American life". When he died in 1967, President Lyndon B. Johnson observed that "Carl Sandburg was more than the voice of America, more than the poet of its strength and genius. He was America."
Schistura sharavathiensis
Schistura sharavathiensis, sometimes known as the Sharavati loach, is a species of freshwater fish in the family Nemacheilidae. It is endemic to the Sharavathi River basin in the central Western Ghats, India.
 It grows to 2.9 cm (1.1 in) standard length. It is known from a perennial, torrential hill stream with good vegetation cover at 450–480 m (1,480–1,570 ft) above sea level.

Freshwater fish
Freshwater fish are fish species that spend some or all of their lives in bodies of fresh water such as rivers, lakes, ponds and inland wetlands, where the salinity is less than 1.05%. These environments differ from marine habitats in many ways, especially the difference in levels of osmolarity. To survive in fresh water, fish need a range of physiological adaptations.

41.24% of all known species of fish are found in fresh water. This is primarily due to the rapid speciation that the scattered habitats make possible. When dealing with ponds and lakes, one might use the same basic models of speciation as when studying island biogeography.
Monastyrshchina
Monastyrshchina (Russian: Монастырщина) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Monastyrshchina, Monastyrshchinsky District, Smolensk Oblast, a settlement under the administrative jurisdiction of  Monastyrshchinskoye Urban Settlement in Monastyrshchinsky District of Smolensk Oblast

Rural localities

Monastyrshchina, Orichevsky District, Kirov Oblast, a selo in Pustoshinsky Rural Okrug of Orichevsky District of Kirov Oblast

Monastyrshchina, Orlovsky District, Kirov Oblast, a village in Podgorodny Rural Okrug of Orlovsky District of Kirov Oblast

Monastyrshchina, Safonovsky District, Smolensk Oblast, a village in Prudkovskoye Rural Settlement of Safonovsky District of Smolensk Oblast

Monastyrshchina, Voronezh Oblast, a selo in Monastyrshchinskoye Rural Settlement of Bogucharsky District of Voronezh Oblast

Orlovsky District, Kirov Oblast
Orlovsky District (Russian: Орло́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-nine in Kirov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the central part of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,989 square kilometers (768 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Orlov. Population: 12,934 (2010 census); 16,190 (2002 Census); 19,557 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Orlov accounts for 53.8% of the district's total population.
Kristian Sørli
Kristian Hoem Sørli (born 8 August 1976) is a retired Norwegian footballer who last played for Strindheim in the 2. divisjon. He has also played for Rosenborg BK, IK Start, Viking FK, Strømsgodset IF and Ranheim.

In 2016, he became the head coach of IL Brodd.

Strømsgodset IF
Strømsgodset IF is a Norwegian multi-sports club from Gulskogen in Drammen. It has sections for association football, handball and bandy, but is best known for the top-level football section known as Strømsgodset Toppfotball, which plays in Eliteserien, the Norwegian top flight.

The club was founded 10 February 1907, but the football team first found success in the late 1960s and early 1970s, winning a league title and three cups. The famous team from the 1960s and 1970s was popularly known as the "Rødgata Boys", after the street most of them lived on. Most of these players were also accomplished bandy players, and Strømsgodset won four national Norwegian Championships in "the winter version of football". Four of the football players collected silver medals in the 1965 Bandy World Championship; Steinar Pettersen, Inge Thun, Thorodd Presberg and Ole Johnny Friise.
Jimmy Launders
Captain James Stuart Launders, DSO & Bar, DSC & Bar, ADC (1919–1988), was an officer in the Royal Navy during and after the Second World War. He retired from the service in 1974, but continued to serve in an unofficial capacity on training programs until his death in 1988. In addition to his reputation amongst his crew, colleagues, and historians as a brilliant, highly skilled, and courageous officer, Launders is remembered as the only submarine commander in history to have engaged and sunk an enemy submarine (U-864) using only his own unaided vessel (HMS Venturer) while both boats were fully submerged.

Hydrophone
A hydrophone (Ancient Greek: ὕδωρ + φωνή, lit. 'water + sound') is a microphone designed for underwater use, for recording or listening to underwater sound. Most hydrophones contain a piezoelectric transducer that generates an electric potential when subjected to a pressure change, such as a sound wave.

A hydrophone can also detect airborne sounds but is insensitive of them because it is designed to match the acoustic impedance of water, a denser fluid than air. Sound travels 4.3 times faster in water than in air, and a sound wave in water exerts a pressure 60 times more than what is exerted by a wave of the same amplitude in air. Similarly, a standard microphone can be buried in the ground, or immersed in water if it is put in a waterproof container but will give poor performance because of the similarly-bad acoustic impedance match.
Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding New Off-Broadway Play
The Outer Critics Circle Award for Best New Off-Broadway Play is an annual award given to the best new (non-musical) play running Off-Broadway, as determined by Outer Critics Circle. The awards have existed since 1949–1950 season, but this category was added in 1982, when the categories split into Broadway and Off-Broadway.

Charles Fuller's A Soldier's Play won the first award in 1982. Horton Foote and Joshua Harmon have won the most awards with two each. Samuel D. Hunter has received the most nominations with five, followed closely by Bruce Norris with four. Since its inception, ten women have received the award, with the first being Tina Howe in 1984 for Painting Churches.

Painting Churches
Painting Churches is a play written by Tina Howe, first produced off-Broadway in 1983. It was a finalist for the 1984 Pulitzer Prize for Drama.  The play concerns the relationship between an artist daughter and her aging parents.
Bharwain
Bharwain is a hill station situated in Amb tehsil and hill hamlet village in Chintpurni region in the Una district of Himachal Pradesh, India. It is an entry point to the Chintpurni Temple. The area is situated between the western Himalayas in the north and the Shiwalik (or Shivalik) range bordering the state of Punjab.

Una district
Una district is a district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. Una shares its border with the Hoshiarpur and Rupnagar districts of  Punjab and Kangra, Hamirpur, and Bilaspur districts of Himachal Pradesh. The terrain is generally plain with semi hills.

Una has five tehsils, namely Ghanari, Haroli, Amb, Bangana and Una itself. It was a tehsil of Hoshiarpur district until the Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966 and Kangra district until 1972, after which it became a district of Himachal Pradesh.
Osiny, Kielce County
Osiny [ɔˈɕinɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pierzchnica, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) east of Pierzchnica and 25 km (16 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Kielce County
Kielce County (Polish: powiat kielecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Kielce, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains five towns: Chęciny, 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Kielce, Chmielnik, 32 km (20 mi) south of Kielce, Daleszyce, 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Kielce, Bodzentyn, 25 km (16 mi) east of Kielce, Morawica, 13,7 km (8,5 mi) south of Kielce.

The county covers an area of 2,247.45 square kilometres (867.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 206,856, out of which the population of Chęciny is 4,444, that of Chmielnik is 3,681, that of Daleszyce is 2,896, that of Bodzentyn is 2,233, that of Morawica is 1,711, and the rural population is 191,891.
Pádraig Walsh
Pádraig Walsh (born 12 March 1992) is an Irish hurler who plays for Kilkenny Senior Championship club Tullaroan and previously at inter-county level with the Kilkenny senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a centre back

Kilkenny county hurling team
The Kilkenny county hurling team represents Kilkenny in hurling and is governed by Kilkenny GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, the Leinster Senior Hurling Championship, and the National Hurling League. Historically, Kilkenny is the most successful team at senior level.

Kilkenny's home ground is Nowlan Park, Kilkenny. The team's manager is Derek Lyng.

The team last won the Leinster Senior Championship in 2025, the All-Ireland Senior Championship in 2015 and the National League in 2021.
Book sprint
A book sprint is a method of creating a book collaboratively in a short period of time, usually three to five days. Book sprints make use of unconference techniques to ensure that a group of content experts under the guidance of one or more facilitators can not only write but publish a book at the end of the sprint period.

Books are made available immediately at the end of the sprint as e-books and/or with print-on-demand services. Book sprints have been compared to the programming sprints common in agile software development or Scrum.

Print on demand
Print on demand (POD) is a printing technology and business process in which book copies (or other documents, packaging, or materials) are not printed until the company receives an order, allowing prints in single or small quantities. While other industries established the build-to-order business model, POD could only develop after the beginning of digital printing, as it was not economical to print single copies using traditional printing technologies such as letterpress and offset printing.

Many traditional small presses have replaced their traditional printing equipment with POD equipment or contracted their printing to POD service providers. Many academic publishers, including university presses, use POD services to maintain large backlists (lists of older publications); some use POD for all of their publications. Larger publishers may use POD in special circumstances, such as reprinting older, out-of-print titles or for test marketing.
Harry Valderhaug
Harry Valderhaug (born 4 September 1965) is a Norwegian politician from the Christian Democratic Party (KrF). He was elected to the Storting in the 2025 Norwegian parliamentary election. Valderhaug previously served as mayor of Giske for 8 years.

Giske Municipality
Giske is an island municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The municipality lies north-northwest of the town of Ålesund in the traditional district of Sunnmøre. The municipal centre is Valderhaugstrand. Other population centres include the villages of Roald (on Vigra island) and Alnes and Leitebakk (both on Godøya island). The municipality is part of the Ålesund Region.

The 40.58-square-kilometre (15.67 sq mi) municipality is the 350th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Giske Municipality is the 126th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 8,808. The municipality's population density is 220 inhabitants per square kilometre (570/sq mi) and its population has increased by 12.3% over the previous 10-year period.
Marcus Cornelius Fronto
Marcus Cornelius Fronto (c. 100 – late 160s AD), best known as Fronto, was a Roman grammarian, rhetorician, and advocate. Of Berber origin, he was born at Cirta (modern-day Constantine, Algeria) in Numidia. He was suffect consul for the nundinium of July–August 142 with Gaius Laberius Priscus as his colleague. Emperor Antoninus Pius appointed him tutor to his adopted sons, the future emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus.

Constantine, Algeria
Constantine (Arabic: قسنطينة, romanized: Qusanṭīnah), also spelled Qacentina or Kasantina, is the capital of Constantine Province in northeastern Algeria. During Roman times it was called Cirta and was renamed "Constantina" in honour of Emperor Constantine the Great. Located somewhat inland, Constantine is about 80 kilometres (50 miles) from the Mediterranean coast, on the banks of the Rhumel River.

Constantine is regarded as the capital of eastern Algeria and the commercial centre of its region and has a population of about 450,000 (938,475 with the agglomeration), making it the third largest city in the country after Algiers and Oran. There are several museums and historical sites located around the city. Constantine is often referred to as the "City of Bridges" because of the numerous picturesque bridges connecting the various hills, valleys, and ravines that the city is built on and around.

Constantine was named the Arab Capital of Culture in 2015.
Great Bridge of Hrazdan
The Great Bridge of Hrazdan (Armenian: Հրազդանի Մեծ կամուրջ), more commonly known as Kievian Bridge (Armenian: Կիևյան կամուրջ), is an arch bridge for traffic linking across the Hrazdan River in Yerevan, Armenia. It connects the Kievian street of Arabkir district with the Leningradian street of Ajapnyak District. It was designed by architect Grigor Aghababyan and constructed between 1949 and 1956.

The Karen Demirchyan Complex and the Tumanyan Park are located around the bridge.

Hrazdan (river)
The Hrazdan (Armenian: Հրազդան, Hrazdan) is a major river and the second largest in Armenia. It originates at the northwest extremity of Lake Sevan and flows south through the Kotayk Province and Armenia's capital, Yerevan; the lake in turn is fed by several streams. In the Ararat plain it joins the Aras river along the border with Turkey. It joins as a left tributary the Kura river, which then flows into the Caspian Sea.

A series of hydro-electric projects have been constructed on the Hrazdan. Its waters are in demand to irrigate crops.
Underwoodia (fungus)
Underwoodia is a genus of ascomycete fungi in the order Pezizales. The widespread genus contained many species, before they were transferred to the Geomorium genus. The genus, described by Charles Horton Peck in 1890, honors mycologist Lucien Marcus Underwood.

Charles Horton Peck
Charles Horton Peck (March 30, 1833 – July 11, 1917) was an American mycologist of the 19th and early 20th centuries. He was the New York State Botanist from 1867 to 1915, a period in which he described over 2,700 species of North American fungi.
Harbor Springs Railway
The Harbor Springs Railway was a 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow-gauge railway built at Harbor Springs, Michigan, on Little Traverse Bay on Lake Michigan. It was nicknamed the Hemlock Central because of the great numbers of hemlock trees growing in the area. The railway was chartered by Ephraim Shay, the inventor of the Shay locomotive, on February 2, 1902, but may have started construction as early as December 10, 1900.

Harbor Springs, Michigan
Harbor Springs is a city and resort community in Emmet County, Michigan, United States. The population was 1,274 in the 2020 census.

Harbor Springs is in a sheltered bay on the north shore of the Little Traverse Bay on Lake Michigan. The Little Traverse Lighthouse is a historic lighthouse on the Harbor Point peninsula, which shelters the deepest natural harbor on the Great Lakes. M-119 connects with US 31 7 miles (11 km) east and south at Bay View and Petoskey, which is 4 miles (6.4 km) away on the south side of the harbor.

The area is known for its historic summer resorts, such as Wequetonsing, which was founded by Illinois businessmen and lawyers Henry Stryker III, and Henry Brigham McClure. They were both connected with the Jacob Bunn industrial dynasty of Illinois.
Aleksander Welfe
Aleksander Welfe (born 5 August 1960) is a professor of economics at the University of Łódź and the Warsaw School of Economics (SGH), and Vice President of the Polish Academy of Sciences in the 2023–2026 term. He has served as an advisor to the governor of the National Bank of Poland. Within the field of economics, he specializes in methods of analyzing time series and macromodeling.

Polish Academy of Sciences
The Polish Academy of Sciences (Polish: Polska Akademia Nauk, PAN) is a Polish state-sponsored national academy of sciences and institution of higher learning. Headquartered in Warsaw, it is responsible for spearheading the development of science across the country by a society of distinguished scholars and a network of research institutes.

It was established in 1951, during the early period of the Polish People's Republic following World War II.