hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Georgy Lukich Smirnov
Georgy Lukich Smirnov (Russian: Георгий Лукич Смирнов; 14 November 1945, in Volgograd Oblast - 29 November 1999, in Moscow) was a Soviet Russian political scientist. Doktor Nauk in Philosophical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (since 1987).
He was director of the Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences (1983-1985). 
He was director of the Marx–Engels–Lenin Institute (1987-1991). Candidate for membership in the Central Committee of the CPSU (since 1970).

Member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union since 1943.

He graduated from the Faculty of History of Volgograd State Pedagogical University in 1952.

He was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1981.

Doctor of Sciences
A Doctor of Sciences is a higher doctoral degree that was awarded in the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and many Commonwealth of Independent States countries. It is currently awarded in some post-soviet nations, particularly Russia and Belarus. One of the prerequisites for receiving a Doctor of Sciences degree is obtaining a PhD-equivalent Candidate of Sciences degree. In addition, the Doctor of Sciences conferral also requires applicants to demonstrate significant and outstanding contributions to their research field. This degree is generally regarded as recognition for a lifetime of academic achievements rather than an ordinary academic degree achieved through courses and theses.
Song of Love (1947 film)
Song of Love is a 1947 American biopic film about the relationship between renowned 19th-century musicians  Clara Wieck Schumann (Katharine Hepburn) and Robert Schumann (Paul Henreid). The film, which also stars Robert Walker and Leo G. Carroll, was directed by Clarence Brown and released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Ivan Tors, Irma von Cube, Allen Vincent, and Robert Ardrey co-authored the screenplay, which was based on a play by Bernard Schubert and Mario Silva.

Bernard Schubert
Bernard Schubert (January 1, 1895 – August 4, 1988) was an American screenwriter and television producer during the early sound era of film and early days of television.

A native New Yorker, Schubert attended the University of Pennsylvania for one year before he began working.

From 1931 through 1948 he was involved in the scripts for 25 films. Two of his more notable films were Peck's Bad Boy (1934), for which he co-wrote the screenplay with Marguerite Roberts, and which starred Jackie Cooper; and 1944's The Mummy's Curse, starring Lon Chaney Jr. In the late 1940s, he wrote several plays, two of which were turned into films. By the early 1950s, Schubert moved to the small screen, producing television series and movies during that decade. Some of the series he worked on were Mr. and Mrs. North, Topper, and Adventures of the Falcon.

Schubert died on August 4, 1988, in Los Angeles, California.
Te Kani-a-Takirau
Te Kani-a-Takirau  (c. 1790s – c. 1856) was a notable New Zealand tribal leader. Of Māori descent, he identified with Hapu Matua of the Te Aitanga A Hauiti Iwi. He was born in on the East Coast of New Zealand. He is well known for having refused to sign the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840.

In 1827 he met Captain Dumont d'Urville of the Astrolabe, and visited his ship.

French ship Astrolabe (1811)
Astrolabe was originally a horse-transport barge converted into an exploration ship of the French Navy. Originally named Coquille, she is famous for her travels with Jules Dumont d'Urville. The name derives from an early navigational instrument, the astrolabe, a precursor to the sextant.
Charitable hospital
A charitable hospital, or charity hospital, is a non-profit hospital that provides treatment for poor and uninsured people who cannot purchase treatment. An example would be St. Jude Children's Hospital that provides assistance to children and funds research for pediatric ailments. Charitable hospitals are usually tax exempt in the United States and are usually funded through donations and special contributions from partnering affiliates.

Donation
A donation is a gift for charity, humanitarian aid, or to benefit a cause. A donation may take various forms, including money, alms, services, or goods such as clothing, toys, food, or vehicles. A donation may satisfy medical needs such as blood or organs for transplant.

Charitable donations of goods or services are also called gifts in kind.
Mountain Justice (1930 film)
Mountain Justice is a 1930 American pre-Code
Western film directed by Harry Joe Brown and written by Bennett Cohen and Leslie Mason. The film stars Ken Maynard, Otis Harlan, Kathryn Crawford, Paul Hurst, Les Bates and Richard Carlyle. The film was released on May 4, 1930, by Universal Pictures.

Bennett Cohen
Bennett Cohen (August 28, 1890 – June 10, 1964) was an American screenwriter and director. He wrote for more than 180 films between 1915 and 1953. He also directed 17 films between 1925 and 1934. He was born in Trinidad, Colorado and died in Los Angeles, California.
Derwenthaugh Coke Works
Derwenthaugh Coke Works was a coking plant on the River Derwent near Swalwell in Gateshead. The works were built in 1928 on the site of the Crowley's Iron Works, which had at one time been the largest iron works in Europe. The coke works was closed and demolished in the late 1980s, and replaced by Derwenthaugh Park.

River Derwent, North East England
The River Derwent is a river which flows between the historic county boundaries of Durham and Northumberland, and in the ceremonial county of Tyne and Wear, in North East England. It then enters the Derwent Reservoir near Edmundbyers, west of Consett. The River Derwent then flows through the Derwent Gorge, past Allensford, Shotley Bridge, Blackhall Mill, Rowlands Gill, Gibside estate and the Nine Arches Viaduct near Derwenthaugh Country Park.   The Derwent is a tributary of the River Tyne, which it joins at Derwenthaugh near Gateshead.
A1 motorway (Serbia)
The A1 motorway (Serbian: Аутопут А1, romanized: Autoput A1) is a motorway in Serbia and at 583 kilometres (362 mi) it is the longest motorway in Serbia. It crosses the country from north to south, starting at the Horgoš border crossing with Hungary and ending at the Preševo border crossing with North Macedonia. As a part of the European route E75 and Pan-European corridor X, connecting 4 of 5 largest Serbian cities (Belgrade, Novi Sad, Niš and Subotica), it is the most vital part of the Serbian road network.

Horgoš
Horgoš (Serbian: Хоргош, romanized: Horgoš; Hungarian: Horgos) is a village located in the municipality of Kanjiža, North Banat District, Vojvodina, Serbia. As of 2011 census, it has a population of 5,709 inhabitants. A border crossing between Serbia and Hungary is located in the village.
Queimada (drink)
Queimada is an alcoholic beverage of Galician tradition.

Queimada is a punch made from Galician aguardente (orujo from Galicia)--a spirit distilled from the byproducts of winemaking—and made with sugar, lemon or orange peel, and coffee beans. Variations of queimada may include cinnamon or apples. It is traditionally prepared in a hollowed-out pumpkin or a ceramic or clay pot.

Typically, while preparing the punch a spell or incantation is recited, so that special powers are conferred to the queimada and those drinking it. Then the queimada is set alight, and slowly burns as more brandy is added.

Lemon
The lemon (Citrus × limon) is a species of small evergreen tree in the Citrus genus of the flowering plant family Rutaceae. A true lemon is a hybrid of the citron and the bitter orange. Its origins are uncertain, but some evidence suggests lemons originated during the 1st millennium BC in what is now northeastern India. Some other citrus fruits are called lemon.

The yellow fruit of the lemon tree is used throughout the world, primarily for its juice. The pulp and rind are used in cooking and baking. The juice of the lemon is about 5–6% citric acid, giving it a sour taste. This makes it a key ingredient in drinks and foods such as lemonade and lemon meringue pie.

In 2024, world production was 23 million tonnes, led by India and Mexico with 31% of the total.
Bennetts Bayou
Bennetts Bayou is a stream in the U.S. states of Arkansas and Missouri. The stream source is in Howell County, Missouri, just south of US Route 160 west of Hocomo. The stream flows southwest into Ozark County, Missouri, and under Missouri Route 142 on the east side of Bakersfield. It then flows south through the extreme northwest corner of Fulton County, Arkansas, and into the northwest corner of Baxter County, Arkansas. It continues to the southwest and enters the northeast arm of Norfork Lake to the east of Gamaliel, Arkansas. The similarly named Bennetts River runs subparallel to Bennetts Bayou just to the southeast.

The stream source in Missouri is at 36°36′43″N 92°01′11″W﻿ / ﻿36.61194°N 92.01972°W﻿ / 36.61194; -92.01972 and the river mouth in Arkansas is at 36°26′00″N 92°12′57″W﻿ / ﻿36.43333°N 92.21583°W﻿ / 36.43333; -92.21583.

Bennetts Bayou has the name of the local Bennett  family.

Norfork Dam
Norfork Dam impounds the North Fork River in the U.S. state of Arkansas, creating Norfork Lake. The large reservoir is maintained by the United States Army Corps of Engineers and spans Baxter County, Arkansas, Fulton County, Arkansas and Ozark County, Missouri. The dam is located in the city of Salesville in Baxter County, within the Ozark Mountains.

Arkansas Highway 177 (AR 177) crosses the lake atop the dam.

There are 19 recreational parks on the lake that provide places for camping, hiking, picnicking, swimming, boating, and water skiing. Commercial docks on Norfork Lake provide boats, motors, diving equipment, and guides to the lake.
Elitzur Ramla (women's basketball)
Elitzur Ramla is a professional women's basketball team from Ramla, Israel. Ramla is one of the leading women's basketball teams in Israel. The team won the Israel Championship 13 times and the State Cup 6 times and is the first and only Israeli women's team to win the triple which they won the Eurocup Cup, the Premier League Championship, and the State Cup in the 2011 season.

EuroCup Women
The EuroCup Women (officially FIBA EuroCup Women) is the second-level basketball competition with teams from associate members of FIBA Europe. 
It succeeds the Ronchetti Cup.

Unlike the EuroCup Men, the competition is entirely organized by FIBA Europe, just like EuroLeague Women
Khanda (river)
The Khanda (Russian: Ханда; Yakut: Ханда, Xanda), also known as Belaya (Russian: Белая), is a river in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia, a right tributary of the Aldan, part of the Lena basin.

The Khanda has a length of 281 kilometres (175 mi) and a drainage basin area of 8,790 square kilometres (3,390 sq mi). There are no settlements in the area of the river. The nearest inhabited places are Khandyga of Tompo District and Eldikan of Ust-Maysky District to the north and south of the river's mouth respectively.

In the International scale of river difficulty the Khanda is a Class II destination for rafting and kayaking.

Khandyga
Khandyga (Russian: Хандыга; Yakut: Хаандыга, Xaandıga) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Tomponsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, 380 kilometers (240 mi) northeast of Yakutsk, the capital of the republic. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 6,638.
Call detail record
A call detail record (CDR) is a data record produced by a telephone exchange or other telecommunications equipment that documents the details of a telephone call or other telecommunications transactions (e.g., text message) that passes through that facility or device. The record contains various attributes of the call, such as time, duration, completion status, source number, and destination number. It is the automated equivalent of the paper toll tickets that were written and timed by operators for long-distance calls in a manual telephone exchange.

Text messaging
Text messaging, or texting, is the act of composing and sending electronic messages, typically consisting of alphabetic and numeric characters, between two or more users of mobile phones, tablet computers, smartwatches, desktops/laptops, or another type of compatible computer. Text messages may be sent over a cellular network or may also be sent via satellite or Internet connection.

The term originally referred to messages sent using the Short Message Service (SMS) on mobile devices. It has grown beyond alphanumeric text to include multimedia messages using the Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) and Rich Communication Services (RCS), which can contain digital images, videos, and sound content, as well as ideograms known as emoji (happy faces, sad faces, and other icons), and on various instant messaging apps. Text messaging has been an extremely popular medium of communication since the turn of the century and has also influenced changes in society.
Holloman (surname)
Holloman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Holloman (born c. 1956), American saxophonist and trumpet player

Bobo Holloman (1923–1987), American baseball player

DeVonte Holloman (born 1991), American football player

George V. Holloman (1902–1946), American aviator

Laurel Holloman (born 1971), American painter and actress

Michaé Holloman (born 1981), American beauty pageant winner

Robert Lee Holloman (1953–2007), American politician

DeVonte Holloman
Christopher DeVonte Holloman (born February 12, 1991) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys. He played college football for the South Carolina Gamecocks (2009–2012). He was selected by the Cowboys in the sixth round of the 2013 NFL draft.
KT Rolster
kt Rolster is a South Korean multi-gaming organization founded in 1999 with Korea Telecom as its head sponsor. A member of the Korean e-Sports Association, KT Rolster holds one of the richest and most successful StarCraft teams in the world, as well as one of the most successful League of Legends teams in Korea. The StarCraft team has fielded several legendary players throughout the pro-gaming scenes of StarCraft: Brood War and StarCraft II, such as Flash, Nal rA, YellOw, NaDa, NesTea, Reach, Life, TY and Zest.

StarCraft II
StarCraft II is a real-time strategy video game created by Blizzard Entertainment, first released in 2010. A sequel to the successful StarCraft, released in 1998, it is set in a militaristic far future. The narrative centers on a galactic struggle for dominance among various races.

StarCraft II single-player campaign is split into three installments, each of which focuses on one of the three races: StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty (released in 2010), Heart of the Swarm (2013) and Legacy of the Void (2015). A final campaign pack called StarCraft II: Nova Covert Ops was released in 2016.

StarCraft II multi-player gameplay spawned a separate esports competition that later drew interest from companies other than Blizzard, and attracted attention in South Korea and elsewhere, similar to the original StarCraft esports.

Since 2017, StarCraft II multi-player mode, co-op mode and the first single-player campaign have been free-to-play.
Lilivika Muimatagi
Lilivika Liumaihetau Muimatagi is a Niuean lawyer and politician.

As a candidate in the very small village of Toi in the 2002 general election, Muimatagi won the votes of eight of the eighteen voters, having lost to Dion Taufitu. In the 2005 elections, she won exactly the same number of votes as the incumbent MP, and was declared elected MP for Toi by a hat-draw. She did not run again in the 2008 elections, and won only three of the eighteen votes in the 2011 elections.

2005 Niuean general election
General elections were held in Niue on 30 April 2005. No political parties ran in the poll, with all candidates standing as independents. Around 830 voters participated in the election and 17 of the 20 incumbent MPs retained their seats. Close results in two constituencies meant that winners were drawn from a hat.
Akora Khattak railway station
Akora Khattak Railway Station (Urdu: اکوڑا خٹک ریلوے اسٹیشن, Pashto: د اکوړا خټک اورګاډي سټيشن) is located in the town of Akora Khattak, Nowshera district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. The station code is AKO. It is on the Karachi–Peshawar Railway Line.

Akora Khattak
Akora Khattak (Pashto: اکوړه خټک pronounceⓘ, Urdu: اکوڑہ خٹک pronounceⓘ) or Sarai Akora is a town in the Jehangira Tehsil of the Nowshera District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Its location is adjacent to the Kabul River, which converges with the Indus River about 15 kilometres downstream. Neighbouring places are Nowshera Cantonment to the west and Nowshera to the east.
Sulfurous acid
Sulfurous acid (United Kingdom spelling: sulphurous acid) is the chemical compound with the formula H2SO3.

Raman spectra of solutions of sulfur dioxide in water show only signals due to the SO2 molecule and the bisulfite ion, HSO−3. The intensities of the signals are consistent with the following equilibrium:

17O NMR spectroscopy provided evidence that solutions of sulfurous acid and protonated sulfites contain a mixture of isomers, which is in equilibrium:

Attempts to concentrate the solutions of sulfurous acid simply reverse the equilibrium, producing sulfur dioxide and water vapor. A clathrate  with the formula 4SO2·23H2O has been crystallised. It decomposes above 7 °C.

Chemical equilibrium
In a chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which both the reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time, so that there is no observable change in the properties of the system. This state results when the forward reaction proceeds at the same rate as the reverse reaction. The reaction rates of the forward and backward reactions are generally not zero, but they are equal. Thus, there are no net changes in the concentrations of the reactants and products. Such a state is known as dynamic equilibrium.
It is the subject of study of equilibrium chemistry.
Craighill
Craighill is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Frank Craighill, one of the founding partners of the sports marketing firm ProServ

John Millar, Lord Craighill (1817–1888), Scottish lawyer and judge

Lloyd Craighill (1886–1971), American missionary to China, born in Lynchburg, Virginia

Margaret D. Craighill (1898–1977), the first woman commissioned officer in the United States Army Medical Corps

William Price Craighill (1833–1909), author, Union Army engineer in the American Civil War, and later served as Chief of Engineers

William Price Craighill
William Price Craighill (July 1, 1833 – January 18, 1909) was born in Charles Town, Virginia (now West Virginia), son of William Nathaniel Craighill & Sarah Elizabeth Brown. He was an author, Union Army officer in the American Civil War, and later served as Chief of Engineers.
Tombouctou and Bamba attacks
On September 7, 2023, at least 154 civilians and fifteen Malian soldiers were killed when Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM) militants simultaneously attacked a Malian military camp at Bamba and the civilian boat Tombouctou on the Niger River near the village of Banikane, Gourma-Rharous. The attacks prompted the Malian junta that took power in 2021 to postpone the upcoming 2024 presidential election indefinitely. The attack on the Tombouctou in particular was considered by Malian officials to be one of the deadliest terror attacks in the country's history.

Banikane, Gourma-Rharous
Banikane  is a village and commune of the Cercle of Gourma-Rharous in the Tombouctou Region of Mali. The village lies on the right bank of the River Niger, 25 km downstream of Rharous. The commune extends on both banks of the river and includes 15 villages. In the 2009 census the population of the commune was 9,433.
Erin (Front Royal, Virginia)
Erin  is a historic home located near Front Royal, Warren County, Virginia. It was built in 1848, and is a three part Palladian plan dwelling with a two-story central section and 1+1⁄2-story flanking wings.  The front facade features a two-story tetrastyle pedimented portico in the Greek Ionic order.  The frame dwelling has impressive Greek Revival detailing on both its exterior and interior.  Also on the property are the contributing kitchen, law office, dairy, meat smokehouse, chicken house, and granary.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, and was listed again as part of the Rockland Rural Historic District in 2015.

Smokehouse
A smokehouse (North American) or smokery (British) is a building where meat or fish is cured with smoke. The finished product might be stored in the building, sometimes for a year or more. Even when smoke is not used, such a building—typically a subsidiary building—is sometimes referred to as a "smokehouse".  When smoke is not used, the term meathouse or meat house is common.
Ocean (train)
The Ocean (French: L'Océan), previously known as the Ocean Limited, is a passenger train operated by Via Rail in Canada on its Atlantic Canada route between Montreal, Quebec, and Halifax, Nova Scotia. It is the oldest continuously operated named passenger train in North America. The Ocean's schedule takes approximately 22 hours, running overnight in both directions.  Together with The Canadian and Via's corridor trains, the Ocean provides a transcontinental service across Canada.

Transcontinental railroad
A transcontinental railroad or transcontinental railway is contiguous railroad trackage that crosses a continental land mass and has terminals at different oceans or continental borders. Such networks may be via the tracks of a single railroad, or via several railroads owned or controlled by multiple railway companies along a continuous route. Although Europe is crisscrossed by railways, the railroads within Europe are usually not considered transcontinental, with the possible exception of the historic Orient Express.
Transcontinental railroads helped open up interior regions of continents not previously colonized to exploration and settlement that would not otherwise have been feasible. In many cases, they also formed the backbones of cross-country passenger and freight transportation networks. Many of them continue to have an important role in freight transportation, and some such as the Trans-Siberian Railway even have passenger trains going from one end to the other.
Django Django (album)
Django Django is the debut album by British art rock band Django Django. The album was released on 30 January 2012 in the United Kingdom via Because Music, and charted on the UK Albums Chart at #33. In 2014 it was awarded a gold certification from the Independent Music Companies Association, which indicated sales of at least 75,000 copies throughout Europe.

The album was nominated for the 2012 Mercury Music Prize. It was certified gold by the UPFI in 2012, and then platinum in 2013.

Union des Producteurs Phonographiques Français Indépendants
The Union of Independent French Phonographic Producers (French: Union des Producteurs Phonographiques Français Indépendants; UPFI) is a trade organisation that brings together independent record labels and music distributors in France. Its headquarters are based in the nation's capital Paris.

Founded on 12 June 1986 as the Professional Association of Independent Phonographic Producers (French: Association Professionelle des Producteurs Phonographiques Indépendants; APPI), the organisation changed the terms of its original statutes during its extraordinary general meeting of 8 June 1993. It was during the same meeting that the organisation changed its name to the UPFI.