hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Merritt Hotchkiss
Merritt Hotchkiss (before 1814 – 1865 or later) was a merchant and political figure in Lower Canada. He represented L'Acadie in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1834 until the suspension of the constitution in 1838.

He was the son in law of Henry Hoyle. Hotchkiss established himself in business at Lacolle, where he also operated a flour mill. He served as a commissioner for the Tribunal of Minor Pleas. In 1838, he married the adopted daughter of Henry Hoyle, Sarah Anne Visscher Schuyler.

Lacolle, Quebec
Lacolle (French pronunciation: [lakɔl]) is a municipality in southern Quebec, Canada, located in the administrative area of the Montérégie, on the Canada–United States border. The population as of the Canada 2021 Census was 2,708. The Lacolle River runs eastward through the middle of the town and empties in Richelieu River. More people cross the border illegally from the United States there than at any other point. Almost nineteen thousand people were detained in 2017. The nearest town across the border is Champlain, New York.
Harding of Bristol
Harding of Bristol or Harding Fitz Eadnoth (c. 1048 – c. 1125) was sheriff (reeve) of Bristol, with responsibility for managing a manorial estate and perhaps similar duties to those of a magistrate.  He was the son of Eadnoth the Constable, an Anglo-Saxon thane who served as steward to Edward the Confessor and Harold II.  He was the father of Robert Fitzharding who became lord of Berkeley, Gloucestershire.

His wife Livida supposedly died at the manor of Whetonhurst, Blacklow Hundred, Gloucestershire, England in 1101.

Whitstone Hundred
Whitstone was an ancient hundred of Gloucestershire, England.  From the 13th century it comprised two adjacent divisions, which included the ancient parishes of:

Lower Division

Eastington

Frampton-on-Severn

Frocester

King's Stanley

Leonard Stanley

Stonehouse

Wheatenhurst (now Whitminster)

Upper Division

Fretherne

Hardwicke

Haresfield

Longney

Moreton Valence

Randwick

Saul

Standish

Quedgeley (part)

The hundred existed at the time of the Domesday Book in 1086, but covering a smaller area.  By 1220 the adjacent Blacklow hundred had been absorbed. Blachelaue in the Domesday Book contained the parishes of Alkerton (now Eastington), Frampton (-on-Severn), Frocester, (Kings) Stanley, (Leonard) Stanley, Stonehouse, Wheatenhurst, and Fretherne.

The ancient meeting place of the hundred was probably at Whitestones Field in the parish of Hardwicke, although meetings were later held at Quedgeley, Stonehouse, Wheatenhurst and Frampton.
Catherine of Mecklenburg
Catherine of Mecklenburg (also Katharina von Mecklenburg) (1487 – 6 June 1561, Torgau), was a German author, and a Duchess of Saxony by marriage to Henry IV, Duke of Saxony. She was the daughter of the Duke Magnus II of Mecklenburg and Sophie of Pomerania-Stettin.

Torgau
Torgau (German pronunciation: [ˈtɔʁɡaʊ] ⓘ) is a town on the banks of the Elbe in northwestern Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district Nordsachsen.

Outside Germany, the town is best known as where on 25 April 1945, the United States and Soviet Armies first met near the end of World War II.
Symphony No. 7 (Milhaud)
The Symphony No. 7, Op. 344, is a work for orchestra by French composer Darius Milhaud. The piece was written in 1955 for a Radio Belge concert in Venice.

Milhaud's Seventh Symphony has three movements and a total running time of about 20 minutes. The titles of the movements, as descriptive of their character as of tempo, are as follows:

Animé (approx. 3'40")

Grave (approx. 9')

Vif (approx. 7'15")

This symphony is published by Heugel & Cie.

Darius Milhaud
Darius Milhaud (French: [daʁjys mijo], Provençal: [miˈjawt]; 4 September 1892 – 22 June 1974) was a French composer, conductor, and teacher. He was a member of Les Six—The Group of Six—and one of the most prolific composers of the 20th century. His compositions are influenced by jazz and Brazilian music and make extensive use of polytonality. Milhaud is considered one of the key modernist composers. He taught many future jazz and classical composers, including Burt Bacharach, Dave Brubeck, Philip Glass, Steve Reich, György Kurtág, Karlheinz Stockhausen and Iannis Xenakis among others.
Pellworm Hundred
Pellworm Hundred (German: Pellwormharde; Danish: Pelvorm Herred, older: Pylværm Herred) was a mediaeval hundred located in the southern part of North Frisia in the Danish region of Southern Schleswig, part of the Frisian Uthlande. It encompassed the western part of the island of Strand, which sank in 1634 during the Burchardi flood. Pellworm Hundred was one of the so-called Five Hundreds or Strand Hundreds on the island, the others being Edoms Hundred, Beltring Hundred, Southern Goes Hundred, and Lundenberg Hundred. The land that remained of the hundred after the flood is now largely geographically part of the modern island of Pellworm in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein.

vte

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Strand (island)
Strand (German pronunciation: [ʃtʁant] ⓘ) was an island on the west coast of Nordfriesland in Schleswig, which was a fiefdom of the Danish crown. The area now belongs to Schleswig-Holstein in northern Germany.

Coastlines along the Dutch-German-Danish coasts were significantly changed during and by a huge storm tide, the Saint Marcellus' flood – also referred to as the Grote Mandrenke – that occurred on 16 January 1362. Many villages and towns were lost. The outlines of Strand changed significantly, nowadays legendary Rungholt reportedly being amongst the now sunken places. The Hallig island of Südfall was then separated from the mainland.

In 1634 the Burchardi flood finally split Strand island into Nordstrand, Pellworm and Nordstrandischmoor.
Silvano Ippoliti
Silvano Ippoliti (24 January 1922 – 1994) was an Italian cinematographer.

Born in Cagli, Ippoliti entered the cinema industry thanks to his sister Iria, employed at Cinecittà, who introduced him to Anchise Brizzi, at the time the chief of the operators department. He began working as a camera operator in 1949 for the Raffaello Matarazzo's film Catene, then held this role for over a decade. He made his debut as a cinematographer in the early sixties and in 1967 he worked for the first time with Tinto Brass in the film Col cuore in gola; it was the beginning of a long professional relationship that lasted for twenty-five years, both in the fields of cinema and advertising, until the 1992 film Così fan tutte. His credits include also films directed by Giuliano Montaldo, Luigi Magni, Jacques Deray, Carlo Lizzani, Sergio Corbucci, Pasquale Festa Campanile, Lucio Fulci, Riccardo Freda and Emidio Greco.

All Ladies Do It
All Ladies Do It (Italian: Così fan tutte [koˈzi ffan ˈtutte, koˈsi -]) is a 1992 Italian sex comedy film directed by Tinto Brass and starring Claudia Koll. It is loosely based on Mozart/da Ponte opera Così fan tutte.
2018 CAA men's basketball tournament
The 2018 Colonial Athletic Association men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Colonial Athletic Association for  the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The tournament was held March 3–6, 2018 at the North Charleston Coliseum in North Charleston, South Carolina. The College of Charleston received the CAA's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament with an 83–76 overtime win over Northeastern in the championship game.

North Charleston Coliseum
The North Charleston Coliseum is a multi-purpose arena in North Charleston, South Carolina. It is part of the North Charleston Convention Center Complex, which also includes a performing arts center and convention center. It is owned by the City of North Charleston and managed by ASM Global. The coliseum opened in 1993, with the performing arts center and convention center opened in 1999. The complex is located on the access road to the Charleston International Airport.

It is home to the ECHL's South Carolina Stingrays professional ice hockey team and serves as an alternate home for the Charleston Southern University basketball team. It is the area's primary venue for concerts and other major indoor events expected to draw large crowds.
Chief Directorate of Railroad Construction Camps
The Chief Directorate of Railroad Construction Camps (Russian: Главное управление лагерей железнодорожного строительства, ГУЛЖДС, GULZhDS) was a directorate of NKVD (later MVD) in charge of Gulag labor camps which manned railroad construction during 1940–1953. It was created on January 4, 1940, under the title Chief Directorate of Railroad Construction (GULZhD). From 1941 it become known as GULZhDS. Its main task was railroad construction, with other occasional projects, such as construction of highways in Ukraine and Volga Region, some plants, airfields, mines, and housing. Its best known project was the construction of the Baikal–Amur Mainline.

Volga region
The Volga region, known as the Povolzhye (UK: /pəˈvɔːlʒeɪ/ pə-VAWL-zhay, US: /pəˈvoʊlʒeɪ/ pə-VOHL-zhay; Russian: Поволжье [pɐˈvoɫʐje] lit. 'Along the Volga'), is a historical region in Russia that encompasses the drainage basin of the Volga River, the longest river in Europe, in central and southern European Russia.
The Volga region is culturally separated into three sections:

■ Upper Volga Region – from the Volga River's source in Tver Oblast to the mouth of the Oka River in Nizhny Novgorod;

■ Middle Volga Region – from the mouth of the Oka River to the mouth of the Kama River south of Kazan;

■ Lower Volga Region – from the mouth of the Kama River to the Volga Delta in the Caspian Sea, in Astrakhan Oblast.

The geographic boundaries of the region are vague, and the term Volga region is used to refer primarily to the Middle and Lower sections, which are included in the Volga Federal District and Volga economic region.
T. Casey Brennan
Terrance Casey Brennan is an American comic book writer.

During the 1970s, he wrote for Warren Publishing's black-and-white horror-comics anthologies Creepy and Eerie, and Vampirella. He also wrote for DC Comics' House of Mystery and Archie Comics' Red Circle Sorcery.

In the 1980s, Brennan campaigned to have depictions of smoking in comics banned, which led then-Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas to issue a proclamation designating January 1990 as "T. Casey Brennan Month."

Creepy (magazine)
Creepy was an American horror comics magazine launched by Warren Publishing in 1964. Like Mad, it was a black-and-white newsstand publication in a magazine format and did not carry the seal of the Comics Code Authority. An anthology magazine, it initially was published quarterly but later went bimonthly. Each issue's stories were introduced by the host character, Uncle Creepy. Its sister publications were Eerie and Vampirella.
Kirke Eskilstrup
Kirke Eskilstrup is a small railway town in Holbæk Municipality in Region Zealand, Denmark. As of 1 January 2025 it has a population of 661. It is located about 18 km south of Holbæk and about 20 km north of Ringsted.

Kirke Eskilstrup is served by Kirke Eskilstrup railway station located on the Tølløse Line between Tølløse and Slagelse.

Region Zealand
Region Zealand (Danish: Region Sjælland) is an administrative region of Denmark. It is one of the five classified NUTS-2 statistical regions of Denmark. It was established on 1 January 2007 as part of the 2007 Danish Municipal Reform, which abolished the traditional counties ("amter"). The region incorporates the southernmost parts of the country, and encompasses an area of 7,223 km2 (2,789 sq mi).

Zealand will merge with the Capital Region of Denmark on 1 January 2027 to create the Region of Eastern Denmark.

The region shares the island of Sjælland (Zealand) with the neighbouring Capital Region of Copenhagen. The region also includes the islands of Lolland, Falster, and Møn. It incorporates the provinces of Østsjælland and Vest-og Sydsjælland, which consists of 17 municipalities. With a population of just over 0.85 million, it is the second least populated of the all the regions in Denmark. The largest city is Roskilde.
Kearns-St. Ann's Orphanage
The Kearns-St. Ann's Orphanage, at 430 East 2100 South in South Salt Lake, Utah, was built in 1890.  It was designed by architect Carl M. Neuhausen.  Later serving as Kearns-Saint Ann Catholic School, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
According to its NRHP nomination, the orphanage is significant partly for its architecture, with "modest decorative elements allud[ing] to Renaissance and Mannerist" styles, representing "the important educational and religious contributions to Utah society of Bishop Lawrence Scanlan and Thomas and Jennie Kearns".: 4

South Salt Lake, Utah
South Salt Lake is a city in Salt Lake County, Utah and a core inner suburb of Salt Lake City proper, and thus part of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area. The population was 26,777 at the 2020 census.
Kevin Kumashiro
Kevin Kumashiro is the former dean of the School of Education at the University of San Francisco. He was previously a professor of Asian American Studies and Education at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) and is the immediate past president of the National Association for Multicultural Education (NAME).

Kumashiro has taught many subjects to various grade levels in a wide variety of settings. Kumashiro was also the founding director of the Center for Anti-Oppressive Education, which closed in 2017.

University of San Francisco
The University of San Francisco (USF) is a private Jesuit university in San Francisco, California, United States. Founded in 1855, it has nearly 9,000 students pursuing undergraduate and graduate degrees in 59 major programs. In addition to its main campus in the Golden Gate area, it has satellite campuses in downtown San Francisco, Orange County, Sacramento, San Jose, and Santa Rosa.
Dorogino
Dorogino (Russian: Дорогино) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Cherepanovsky District of Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia. Population:  3,829 (2010 Census); 3,811 (2002 Census); 4,132 (1989 Soviet census).

Cherepanovsky District
Cherepanovsky District (Russian: Черепа́новский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty in Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,908 square kilometers (1,123 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Cherepanovo. Population: 47,842 (2010 Census);  50,959 (2002 Census); 53,418 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Cherepanovo accounts for 41.4% of the district's total population.
1995 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 1995 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Bogotá, Colombia from September 26 to 30. Twelve events were contested, eight for the men and four for the women at the Velódromo Luis Carlos Galán. There were three events held at the championships for the first time: men's team sprint (women's team sprint followed in 2007), men's madison and women's 500 m time trial. They replaced the men's tandem and men's stayers events.

In the same period, the 1995 UCI Road World Championships were organized in Duitama, Colombia.

UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Women's 500 m/1 km time trial
The UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Women's 500 m/1 km time trial is the women's world championship 500 m/1 km Time Trial event held annually at the UCI Track Cycling World Championships.

Félicia Ballanger of France, and Natalya Tsylinskaya (née Markovnichenko) of Belarus, are the most successful riders in the history of the event with five titles each. Anna Meares of Australia, with nine medals (as of 2015) including four golds is the most decorated time trialist in the history of the event. From 2025 on, the duration was changed from 500 m to 1 km.
The Stars Are Ours!
The Stars Are Ours! is a 1954 science fiction novel by American writer Andre Norton. It describes the first interstellar voyage, undertaken to escape the tyranny that rules the Earth. Norton wrote a sequel, Star Born, which was published in 1957.

Andre Norton
Andre Alice Norton (born Alice Mary Norton, February 17, 1912 – March 17, 2005) was an American writer of science fiction and fantasy, who also wrote works of historical and contemporary fiction. She wrote primarily under the pen name Andre Norton, but also under Andrew North and Allen Weston. She was the first woman to be Gandalf Grand Master of Fantasy, to be SFWA Grand Master, and to be inducted by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame.
Freawaru
Freawaru, introduced in l. 2020 of the poem Beowulf, is the daughter of King Hroðgar and Queen Wealhþeow.

Freawaru is a freoðuwebbe or peace-weaver (an important concept in the poem) who is married to Ingeld, King of the Heaðobards and son of Froda. This marriage was created as a means of ending a feud between the two kingdoms (due to the murder of Froda by the Danes). It was an unsuccessful attempt to end the feud. An old warrior urged the Heaðobards to revenge, and Beowulf predicts to Hygelac that Ingeld will turn against his father-in-law Hroðgar. In a version given in the Danish chronicle Gesta Danorum (see below), the old warrior appears as Starkad, and he succeeded in making Ingeld divorce his bride and in turning him against her family.

Peace-weaver
Peace-weavers (Old English: freothwebbe) were Anglo-Saxon women who were married to a member of an enemy tribe for the purpose of establishing peace between feuding groups. It was hoped that by relating two tribes, the animosity between them would be eased as individuals would be reluctant to kill their own flesh and blood.
Susan M. Crawford
Susan Margaret Crawford (born March 1, 1965) is an American lawyer and jurist from Madison, Wisconsin.  She is a justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court, since taking office on August 1, 2025.  She previously served seven years as a Wisconsin circuit court judge in Dane County (2018–2025).

Earlier in her career, she was chief legal counsel to Wisconsin Governor Jim Doyle and served as administrator of the Office of Enforcement and Science in the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.  Before that, she had served as an assistant attorney general in the Iowa Department of Justice and then the Wisconsin Department of Justice; in both roles, she specialized in criminal appeals.

During the 2025 election campaign, she was identified as a liberal candidate and received support from Democratic Party donors.  In her career as an attorney, she took on cases in support of labor unions, women's rights, voting rights, and public education.

Governor of Wisconsin
The governor of Wisconsin is the head of government of Wisconsin and the commander-in-chief of the state's army and air forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Wisconsin Legislature, to convene the legislature, and to grant pardons, except in cases of treason and impeachment.

The 46th and current governor is Tony Evers, a Democrat in his second term. He took office on January 7, 2019. He will not seek re-election in the 2026 election.

The position was first filled by Nelson Dewey on June 7, 1848, the year Wisconsin became a state. Prior to statehood, there were four governors of Wisconsin Territory.
Cologne Centurions (NFL Europe)
The Cologne Centurions were an American football team that played in NFL Europe. The Centurions began competing in the league in the 2004 season, having replaced the defunct Barcelona Dragons. They played their home games at RheinEnergieStadion in Cologne.

The Centurions' first-ever game was against local rival Rhein Fire. Cologne lost 25–26. The Centurions' inaugural season finished with a 4–6 record.

On 21 February 2006, the Centurions named David Duggan as their new head coach. He replaced Darryl Sims, who was on the verge of his first season in the position but instead was pursuing an opportunity in the NFL. Peter Vaas, a two-time World Bowl-winning coach with the Berlin Thunder, had occupied the job in the team's first two seasons. The Centurions were the only NFL Europe team who were still in existence at the leagues end that never won a World Bowl.

An unrelated team of the same name is to play in the inaugural 2021 season of the new European League of Football

European League of Football
The European League of Football (ELF) is a professional American football league based in Europe, continuing some team names of the former NFL Europe. The ELF played its first season in 2021, and has 16 teams as of the 2025 season. Teams are located in Austria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Hungary, Germany, Poland, Spain, and Switzerland with plans to expand.
Opticin
Opticin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OPTC gene.

Opticin belongs to class III of the small leucine-rich repeat protein (SLRP) family. Members of this family are typically associated with the extracellular matrix. Opticin is present in significant quantities in the vitreous of the eye and also localizes to the cornea, iris, ciliary body, optic nerve, choroid, retina, and fetal liver. Opticin may noncovalently bind collagen fibrils and regulate fibril morphology, spacing, and organization. The opticin gene is mapped to a region of chromosome 1 that is associated with the inherited eye diseases age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and posterior column ataxia with retinosa pigmentosa (AXPC1).

Choroid
The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is a part of the uvea, the vascular layer of the eye. It contains connective tissues, and lies between the retina and the sclera.  The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear of the eye (at 0.2 mm), while in the outlying areas it narrows to 0.1 mm. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina.  Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract.

The structure of the choroid is generally divided into four layers (classified in order of furthest away from the retina to closest):

Haller's layer – outermost layer of the choroid consisting of larger diameter blood vessels;

Sattler's layer – layer of medium diameter blood vessels;

Choriocapillaris – layer of capillaries; and

Bruch's membrane (synonyms: Lamina basalis, Complexus basalis, Lamina vitra) – innermost layer of the choroid.
Aegir (moon)
Aegir, also Saturn XXXVI (provisional designation S/2004 S 10), is a natural satellite of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Jan Kleyna, and Brian G. Marsden on May 4, 2005, from observations taken between December 12, 2004, and March 11, 2005.

Aegir is about 4 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 19,618 Mm in 1025.908 days, at an inclination of 167° to the ecliptic (140° to Saturn's equator), in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.237.

David C. Jewitt
David Clifford Jewitt (born 1958) is an astronomer who studies the Solar System, especially its minor bodies. He is based at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he is a Member of the Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics, the Director of the Institute for Planets and Exoplanets, Professor of Astronomy in the Department of Physics and Astronomy and Professor of Astronomy in the Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences. He is best known for being the first person (along with Jane Luu) to discover a body beyond Pluto and Charon in the Kuiper belt.