hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Völkenrode
Völkenrode is a quarter (Stadtteil) of Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany. Formerly a municipality in its own right and part of the district of Braunschweig, it was incorporated into the city of Braunschweig in 1974. Today, it is part of the Stadtbezirk Lehndorf-Watenbüttel.

During the Second World War, it was home to the Luftfahrtforschungsanstalt (Aeronautical Research Institute, LFA), a secret facility for airframe, aeroengine, and aircraft weapons testing.

Völkenrode, and the LFA, were visited postwar by the British Ministry of Aircraft Production survey team, headed by Sir Roy Fedden. Today, the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt and the former Federal Agricultural Research Centre are located on the former LFA site.

Minister of Aircraft Production
The Minister of Aircraft Production was, from 1940 to 1945, the British government minister at the Ministry of Aircraft Production, one of the specialised supply ministries set up by the British Government during World War II. It was responsible for aircraft production for the British forces, primarily the Royal Air Force, but also the Fleet Air Arm.
Smolice, Łęczyca County
Smolice [smɔˈlit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grabów, within Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south-east of Grabów, 12 km (7 mi) north-west of Łęczyca, and 46 km (29 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Łęczyca County
Łęczyca County (Polish: powiat łęczycki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Łęczyca, which lies 35 kilometres (22 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 774 square kilometres (298.8 sq mi). As of 2006, its total population was 53,435, out of which the population of Łęczyca was 15,423 and the rural population was 38,012.
Branker
Branker is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anthony J. Branker (born 1980), Sports Chiropractor

Anthony Branker (born 1958), American musician and educator

Kenneth Branker (born 1932), Barbadian cricketer

Thomas Branker (1633–1676), English mathematician

Kenneth Branker
Kenneth Augustus Branker (23 October 1932 – 5 December 2021) was a Barbadian cricketer. He played in two first-class matches for the Barbados cricket team in 1951/52 and 1955/56.

Branker died on 5 December 2021, at the age of 89.
Lukáš Vopelka
Lukáš Vopelka (born March 2, 1996) is a Czech professional ice hockey player. He is currently a free agent having last played for HC Košice in the Slovak Extraliga.

Vopelka made his Swedish Hockey League regular season debut playing with Örebro HK during the 2013–14 SHL season.

Slovak Extraliga
The Slovak Extraliga, known as the Tipsport liga since the 2025–26 season for sponsorship reasons, is the highest-level ice hockey league in Slovakia. From 2018–19 to 2020–21, the league included one or two teams from Hungary.

Teams from the Extraliga can participate in the IIHF's annual Champions Hockey League (CHL). Participation is based on the strength of the various leagues in Europe (excluding the KHL). In the 2022–23 CHL season, the Extraliga was ranked the No. 10 league in Europe, so the champion of the previous season competed in the CHL.

The 1993–94 season was the first of the Slovak Extraliga following the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia midway through the 1992–93 Czechoslovak Extraliga season – which all Slovak and Czech teams played to completion.
After Capitalism
After Capitalism: Economic Democracy in Action is a 2012 book by United States author Dada Maheshvarananda, an activist, yoga monk and writer. The book argues that global capitalism is terminally ill because it suffers from four fatal flaws: growing inequity and concentration of wealth, addiction to speculation instead of production, rising unsustainable debt and its tendency to exploit the natural environment.

The author proposes a grassroots movement for economic democracy with cooperatives and local economies based on the Progressive Utilization Theory or Prout, a post-capitalist model conceptualized by Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar of India. The book includes a conversation with Noam Chomsky and essays by Frei Betto, Johan Galtung, Leonardo Boff, Sohail Inayatullah, Marcos Arruda, Ravi Batra and others.

Gar Alperovitz
Gar Alperovitz (born May 5, 1936) is an American historian and political economist. Alperovitz served as a fellow of King's College, Cambridge; a founding fellow of the Harvard Institute of Politics; a founding Fellow at the Institute for Policy Studies; a guest scholar at the Brookings Institution; and the Lionel R. Bauman Professor of Political Economy at the University of Maryland Department of Government and Politics from 1999 to 2015. He also served as a legislative director in the US House of Representatives and the US Senate and as a special assistant in the US Department of State. Alperovitz is a distinguished lecturer with the American Historical Society, co-founded the Democracy Collaborative and co-chairs its Next System Project with James Gustav Speth.
Obliquus capitis superior muscle
The obliquus capitis superior muscle (/əˈblaɪkwəs ˈkæpɪtɪs/) is a small muscle in the upper back part of the neck. It is one of the suboccipital muscles. It attaches inferiorly at the transverse process of the atlas (first cervical vertebra); it attaches superiorly at the external surface of the occipital bone. The muscle is innervated by the suboccipital nerve (the posterior ramus of the first cervical spinal nerve).

It acts at the atlanto-occipital joint to extend the head and bend the head to the same side.

Spinal nerve
A spinal nerve is a mixed nerve, which carries motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the body. In the human body there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, one on each side of the vertebral column. These are grouped into the corresponding cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal regions of the spine. There are eight pairs of cervical nerves, twelve pairs of thoracic nerves, five pairs of lumbar nerves, five pairs of sacral nerves, and one pair of coccygeal nerves. The spinal nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system.
Michael Chiang
Michael Chiang (born 27 October 1955 in Muar, Malaysia) is a prolific playwright and screenwriter in Singapore. He is known as "Singapore's most famous and successful playwright".

From 1990 to 2009, Chiang was the editorial director of Mediacorp Publishing, which publishes 8 Days. The playwright of Army Daze (1987) and Beauty World (1988), Chiang had his plays were collected in and published as Private Parts and Other Playthings in 1994 by Landmark Books and Play Things in 2014.

In 2015, Army Daze was selected by The Business Times as one of the "finest plays in 50 years" alongside productions by Goh Poh Seng, Kuo Pao Kun and Alfian Sa'at and others.

The Business Times (Singapore)
The Business Times is a Singaporean financial newspaper under SPH Media, a media organisation with businesses in print, digital, radio, and outdoor media in Singapore. The paper is published Monday to Saturday, with the Saturday edition called The Business Times Weekend. It had a circulation (print and digital) of 39,500.
Fforest
Fforest is a Welsh word and frequent place-name element meaning 'forest'.

For the Carmarthenshire village, west of Pontarddulais, see Hendy

For the hill north of Llandovery, Carmarthenshire, see Fforest (Carmarthenshire)

Fforest (Carmarthenshire)
Fforest is a small upland area adjoining the Vale of Towy, some 4 km north of the town of Llandovery in Carmarthenshire, Wales. Stretching for a distance of 4 km from southwest to northeast the area rises to two separate summits either side of a broad saddle; one at 297m in the south and a second one to the northeast crowned by a triangulation pillar which attains a height of 341m. The ridge is privately owned hence there is no public access to any part of it though it is encircled by public roads and paths. The hills are formed from silty grey mudstones of uppermost/latest Ordovician age ascribed to the Yr Allt Formation.
Feng Xiaolian
Feng Xiaolian (Chinese: 馮小憐; died 581?) was an imperial consort of the Chinese Northern Qi dynasty. She was a concubine of the penultimate emperor Gao Wei, and his infatuation with her caused her to be, fairly or unfairly, often stated by traditional historians as a reason for Northern Qi's downfall.

Northern Qi
Qi, known as the Northern Qi (traditional Chinese: 北齊; simplified Chinese: 北齐; pinyin: Běi Qí; Wade–Giles: Pei3-Ch'i2), Later Qi (後齊) or Gao Qi (高齊) in historiography, was a Chinese imperial dynasty and one of the Northern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties era. It ruled the eastern part of northern China from 550 to 577 AD. The dynasty was founded by Gao Yang (Emperor Wenxuan), and was eventually conquered by the Xianbei-led Northern Zhou dynasty in 577 AD.
Melagaram
Melagaram is a panchayat town in Tenkasi district, in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The Famous Composer Thirigudarasapa Kavirayar was born in Melagaram. Thirutrala Kuravanji is a classic Tamil language poem composed by Thirigudarasapa Kavirayar around 1600 - 1700 CE.

Nagar panchayat
A nagar panchayat (transl. 'town council') or town panchayat or Notified Area Council (NAC) in India is a settlement in transition from rural to urban and therefore a form of an urban political unit comparable to a municipality. An urban centre with more than 12,000 and less than 40,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat. The population requirement for a town panchayat can vary from state to state.

Such councils are formed under the panchayati raj administrative system. In census data, the abbreviation T.P. is used to indicate a "town panchayat". Tamil Nadu was the first state to introduce the panchayat town as an intermediate step between rural villages and urban local bodies (ULB). The structure and the functions of the nagar panchayat are decided by the state government.
Helvetestinden
Helvetestinden (lit. 'Hell Peak') is a granite mountain peak located near Bunes beach in Moskenes Municipality in Lofoten, Norway. It is located within the Lofotodden National Park. It is known for the 602-metre (1,975 ft) high climbing route on the west facing vertical cliff.

Most hikers summit it through the south side ridge which requires scrambling along a narrow ridge at the top. Once at the peak, hikers can view the Norwegian sea to the west, the isolated white sandy beach of Bunestranda below, and Kierkefjorden to the south.

Lofotodden National Park
Lofotodden National Park (Norwegian: Lofotodden nasjonalpark) is a national park located in Moskenes Municipality and Flakstad Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located not far from the Arctic Circle on the island of Moskenesøya in the Lofoten archipelago.

Lofotodden National Park was established on 22 June 2018. The national park covers an area of 99 square kilometres (38 sq mi), of which approximately 13 square kilometres (5.0 sq mi) is sea area. It was officially opened by Climate and Environment Minister Ola Elvestuen on 9 June 2019.
Gjøvik University College
Gjøvik University College (Norwegian: Høgskolen i Gjøvik, HiG) is a university college in Norway. In January 2016, Gjøvik University College joined the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (known as NTNU). HiG is now referred to as the NTNU campus in Gjøvik.

University college
In a number of countries, a university college is a college institution that provides tertiary education but does not have full or independent university status. A university college is often part of a larger university. The precise usage varies from country to country.
Several institutions worldwide take this name (see: list of university colleges).
Post-cardiac arrest syndrome
Post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) is an inflammatory state of pathophysiology that can occur after a patient is resuscitated from a cardiac arrest. While in a state of cardiac arrest, the body experiences a unique state of global ischemia. This ischemia results in the accumulation of metabolic waste which instigate the production of inflammatory mediators. If return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is achieved after CPR, then circulation resumes, resulting in global reperfusion and the subsequent distribution of the ischemia products throughout the body. While PCAS has a unique cause and consequences, it can ultimately be thought of as type of global ischemia-reperfusion injury. The damage, and therefore prognosis, of PCAS generally depends on the length of the patient's ischemic period; the severity of PCAS is not uniform across different patients.

Metabolic waste
Metabolic wastes or excrements are substances left over from metabolic processes (such as cellular respiration) which cannot be used by the organism (they are surplus or toxic), and must therefore be excreted. This includes nitrogen compounds, water, CO2, phosphates, sulphates, etc. Animals treat these compounds as excretes. Plants have metabolic pathways which transform some of them (primarily the oxygen compounds) into useful substances.

All the metabolic wastes are excreted in a form of water solutes through the excretory organs (nephridia, Malpighian tubules, kidneys), with the exception of CO2, which is excreted together with the water vapor throughout the lungs. The elimination of these compounds enables the chemical homeostasis of the organism.
Nobuhide Minorikawa
Nobuhide Minorikawa (御法川 信英, Minorikawa Nobuhide; born May 25, 1964) is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), serving as a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Ōmagari, Akita, he attended Keio University and received a master's degree from the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University in the United States. He was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time in 2003 as an independent and joined the LDP in the following year.

Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs
The Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) is the international affairs and public policy school of Columbia University, a private Ivy League university located in Morningside Heights, Manhattan, New York City. SIPA offers Master of International Affairs (MIA) and Master of Public Administration (MPA) degrees in a range of fields, as well as the Executive MPA and PhD program in Sustainable Development.

SIPA's alumni include former heads of state, business leaders, journalists, diplomats, and elected representatives. Half of SIPA's nearly 1,400 students are international, coming from over 100 countries. SIPA has more than 70 full-time faculty, many of which include the world's leading scholars on international relations.
Kaltasinsky District
Kaltasinsky District (Russian: Калтаси́нский райо́н; Bashkir: Ҡалтасы районы, Qaltası rayonı; Meadow Mari: Калтаса кундем, Kaltasa kundem) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the republic and borders Yanaulsky District to the north, Burayevsky District to the east and southeast, Dyurtyulinsky District to the south and Krasnokamsky District to the west. The area of the district is 1,548.35 square kilometers (597.82 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Kaltasy. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 26,268, with the population of Kaltasy accounting for 16.8% of that number.

Meadow Mari language
Meadow Mari, also known as Meadow-Eastern Mari, or Eastern Mari, is a standardised dialect of the Mari language used by about half a million people mostly in European Russia. Meadow Mari, Hill Mari, and Russian are official languages in the republic of Mari El in the Russian Federation.

Meadow Mari and Eastern Mari are distinct language varieties, which both use the Meadow Mari literary standard. The main differences between Meadow Mari and Hill Mari are phonological, and to a lesser extent, morphological.
TSE buffer
TSE or Tris/Saline/EDTA, is a buffer solution containing a mixture of Tris base, Sodium chloride and EDTA.

In molecular biology, TSE buffers are often used in procedures involving nucleic acids. Tris-acid solutions are effective buffers for slightly basic conditions, which keep DNA deprotonated and soluble in water. The concentration of tris in the solution is kept near 25 mM. EDTA is a chelator of divalent cations, particularly of magnesium (Mg2+). As these ions are necessary co-factors for many enzymes, including contaminant nucleases, the role of the EDTA is to protect the nucleic acids against enzymatic degradation. But since Mg2+ is also a co-factor for many useful DNA-modifying enzymes such as restriction enzymes and DNA polymerases, its concentration in TSE buffers is generally kept low (typically at around 2.5 mM). The sodium chloride is generally kept at a concentration of 0.05 M.

Sodium chloride
Sodium chloride /ˌsoʊdiəm ˈklɔːraɪd/, commonly known as table salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. It is transparent or translucent, brittle, hygroscopic, and occurs as the mineral halite. In its edible form, it is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. Large quantities of sodium chloride are used in many industrial processes, and it is a major source of sodium and chlorine compounds used as feedstocks for further chemical syntheses. Another major application of sodium chloride is de-icing of roadways in sub-freezing weather.
H band (NATO)
The NATO H band is the obsolete designation given to the radio frequencies from 6,000 to 8,000 MHz (equivalent to wavelengths between 5 and  3.75 cm) during the Cold War period. Since 1992, frequencies have been allocated, allotted, and assigned in accordance with the NATO Joint Civil/Military Frequency Agreement (NJFA).
However, in order to identify military radio spectrum requirements (e.g., for crisis management planning, training, electronic warfare activities, or military operations), this system is still in use.

Electronic warfare
Electromagnetic warfare or electronic warfare (EW) is warfare involving the use of the electromagnetic spectrum (EM spectrum) or directed energy to control the spectrum, attack an enemy, or impede enemy operations. The purpose of electromagnetic warfare is to deny the opponent the advantage of—and ensure friendly unimpeded access to—the EM spectrum. Electromagnetic warfare can be applied from air, sea, land, or space by crewed and uncrewed systems and can target communication, radar, or other military and civilian assets.
José Gálvez FBC
José Gálvez FBC is a Peruvian football club based in Chimbote, Ancash. The club was founded in 1951 under the name Manuel Rivera after the famous Chimbote born footballer Manuel Rivera. The club was forced to change its name because the FPF did not allow clubs to be named after living people. Then on 11 November 1963 the club decided the new name would be José Gálvez FBC. The club currently plays in the Copa Perú, the fourth tier of the Peruvian football league system.

More recently the club played in the Peruvian Second Division and finished as champions in 2011. Thus they were promoted back to the Torneo Descentralizado in the 2012 season only to be relegated on the 2013 and become the Peruvian team with the most relegations from the Peruvian First Division.

2011 Peruvian Segunda División
The 2011 Segunda División season was the 59th edition of the second tier of Federación Peruana de Futbol. The tournament was played on a home-and-away round-robin basis.

The season was divided into 2 stages. In the first stage the 10 teams played a round-robin home-and-away round for a total of 18 matches each. In the second stage the 10 teams were divided into 2 groups. The top 5 teams played in the group Liguilla Ascenso and the bottom 5 teams played in Liguilla Descenso. Each team carried on their records from the first stage.

On April 5, 2011, Total Chalaco withdrew before the start of the season.
Govind Ramnath Kare College of Law
The Govind Ramnath Kare College of Law, popularly known as the G.R. Kare College of Law, and also as the Kare Law College, is a law college located at Comba in Margao, Goa.

Kare College is the only centre of legal education in the district of South Goa. It was established by the "Vidya Vikas Mandal" in 1979.  The college is managed by the "Vidya Vikas Mandal" and is affiliated to the Goa University. It has been recognised by the University Grants Commission and Bar Council of India. Kare College has been accredited with 'B' grade by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council. The current edifice of the institution was inaugurated on 21 September 2001 by the then Union Minister of Law and Justice, Arun Jaitley.

National Assessment and Accreditation Council
The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) is a public autonomous body of the government of India that assesses and accredits higher education institutions (HEIs) in India. It is funded by the University Grants Commission and headquartered in Bengaluru.
Therea (insect)
Therea is a genus of crepuscular cockroach found in South, East and Central India and in Sri Lanka. Its species are found on the ground or at low levels in vegetation in lowland and foothill forests and woodlands that vary from dry to semi-humid. Adults are generally 1.5–2.8 cm (0.6–1.1 in) long and black with contrasting markings in whitish or orange (depending on species). The genus includes some species that are popular as pets.

Crepuscular animal
In zoology, a crepuscular animal is one that is active primarily during the twilight period, being matutinal (active during dawn), vespertine/vespertinal (active during dusk), or both. This is distinguished from diurnal and nocturnal behavior, where an animal is active during the hours of daytime and of night, respectively. Some crepuscular animals may also be active by moonlight or during an overcast day.

A number of factors affect the time of day an animal is active. Predators hunt when their prey is available, and prey try to avoid the times when their principal predators are at large. The temperature may be too high at midday or too low at night. Some creatures may adjust their activities depending on local competition.
1990 Soul Train Music Awards
The 1990 Soul Train Music Awards was held at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, California and aired live in select cities on March 14, 1990 (and was later syndicated in other areas), honoring the best in R&B, soul, rap, jazz, and gospel music from the previous year. The show was hosted by Patti LaBelle, Luther Vandross and Dionne Warwick.

Big Tyme
Big Tyme is the second album by American hip hop group Heavy D & the Boyz and their last album before  Trouble T. Roy's death in 1990. It was released on June 12, 1989, through Uptown Records. The album was produced by DJ Eddie F, Teddy Riley, Al B. Sure!, Marley Marl, Pete Rock, and Heavy D.

Big Tyme was supported by four singles: "We Got Our Own Thang", "Somebody for Me", "Gyrlz, They Love Me" and "Big Tyme". The album received generally positive reviews from music critics and was a commercial success.

The album is also notable for containing the first productions made by legendary producer Pete Rock.