hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Darcy number
In fluid dynamics through porous media, the Darcy number (Da) represents the relative effect of the permeability of the medium versus its cross-sectional area—commonly the diameter squared.  The number is named after Henry Darcy and is found from nondimensionalizing the differential form of Darcy's law.  This number should not be confused with the Darcy friction factor which applies to pressure drop in a pipe.  It is defined as

where

K is the permeability of the medium (SI units: m2);

d is the characteristic length, e.g. the diameter of the particle (SI units: m).

Alternative forms of this number do exist depending on the approach by which Darcy's Law is made dimensionless and the geometry of the system.  The Darcy number is commonly used in heat transfer through porous media.

Diameter
In geometry, a diameter of a circle is any straight line segment that passes through the centre of the circle and whose endpoints lie on the circle. It can also be defined as the longest chord of the circle. Both definitions are also valid for the diameter of a sphere.

In more modern usage, the length  of a diameter is also called the diameter. In this sense one speaks of the diameter rather than a diameter (which refers to the line segment itself), because all diameters of a circle or sphere have the same length, this being twice the radius

The word "diameter" is derived from Ancient Greek: διάμετρος (diametros), "diameter of a circle", from διά (dia), "across, through" and μέτρον (metron), "measure". It is often abbreviated  or
Ołobok, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Ołobok [ɔˈwɔbɔk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Osiecznica, within Bolesławiec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

Anti-Nazi activist Otto Hampel was born here.

Bolesławiec County
Bolesławiec County (Polish: powiat bolesławiecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, southwestern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the town of Bolesławiec, famed for its pottery, and its only other town is Nowogrodziec. The county covers an area of 1,303.3 square kilometres (503.2 sq mi).

As at 2019 the total population of the county is 90,108, of which the population of Bolesławiec is 38,852, that of Nowogrodziec is 4,243, and the rural population is 47,013.
Discriminatory Legislation regarding Public Amenities Repeal Act, 1990
The Discriminatory Legislation regarding Public Amenities Repeal Act, 1990 (Act No. 100 of 1990) is an act of the Parliament of South Africa that repealed legislation permitting racial segregation in public facilities: principally the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act, 1953 and the Reservation of Separate Amenities Amendment Act, 1960, but also related sections of other acts as well as provincial ordinances.

Because the act only repeals other legislation, it is a spent law. Racial discrimination in public facilities is now prohibited by section nine of the Constitution and by the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act, 2000.

Section Nine of the Constitution of South Africa
Section Nine of the Constitution of South Africa guarantees equality before the law and freedom from discrimination to the people of South Africa. This equality right is the first right listed in the Bill of Rights. It prohibits both discrimination by the government and discrimination by private persons; however, it also allows for affirmative action to be taken to redress past unfair discrimination.
Dastgāh-e Māhur
Dastgāh-e Māhūr or Dastgaah-e Maahur (Persian: دستگاه ماهور; Azerbaijani: Mahur) is one of the seven Dastgāhs of Persian Music (Classically, Persian Music is organized into seven Dastgāhs and five Āvāzes, however from a merely technical point of view, one can consider them as an ensemble of 12 Dastgāhs).

Persian traditional music
Persian traditional music or Iranian  traditional music, also known as Persian classical music or Iranian classical music, refers to the classical music of Iran (historically known as Persia). It consists of characteristics developed through the country's classical, medieval, and contemporary eras. It also influenced areas and regions that are considered part of Greater Iran.

Due to the exchange of musical science throughout history, many of Iran's classical modes are related to those of its neighboring cultures.

Iran's classical art music continues to function as a spiritual tool, as it has throughout history, and much less of a recreational activity. It belongs, for the most part, to the social elite, as opposed to the folkloric and popular music, in which the society as a whole participates. However, components of Iran's classical music have also been incorporated into folk and pop music compositions.
Turlock Basin
The Turlock Basin is a sub-basin of the San Joaquin Valley groundwater basin which occupies approximately 13,700 total square miles, making it the largest groundwater basin in California.  The Turlock Basin makes up 542 square miles (347,000 acres) of this total. This aquifer is located within Merced and Stanislaus counties in the Central Valley bounded by the Tuolumne River to the north, the Merced River to the south and San Joaquin River to the west.  The Sierra Nevada foothills bound the sub-basin to the east.  Groundwater in the San Joaquin Valley occurs mostly in younger alluvial material.  The Turlock Basin lies to the east of the city of Turlock.  Groundwater in the Turlock Basin occurs in older alluvial deposits.  Large portions of the San Joaquin Basin have experienced overdraft of water and infiltration of agricultural water pollutants, resulting in poor water quality.

Turlock, California
Turlock is a city in Stanislaus County, California, United States. Its population was 72,740 at the 2020 United States census, making it the second-largest city in Stanislaus County after Modesto. The city is home to California State University, Stanislaus.
Muntirayuq (Junín)
Muntirayuq (Quechua muntira an ancient cloth cap; a bullfighter's hat, -yuq a suffix, 'the one with a cap', also spelled Monterrayoc) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru which reaches a height of approximately 4,600 metres (15,092 ft). It is located in the Junín Region, Jauja Province, Apata District.

Jauja province
Jauja is a Peruvian province. It is one of the nine provinces of the Junín Region. To the north it borders with the provinces of Yauli, Tarma and Chanchamayo. To the east with the province of Satipo, to the south with the province of  Concepción and to the west with the Lima Region. The capital of the province is the city of Jauja (Quechua: Shausha or Sausa). The city was founded by Francisco Pizarro as the first capital of Peru.

Before the arrival of the Spaniards the province was called Hatun Xauxa (Quechua spelling variants: Hatun Shawsha or Hatun Sausa) and it was the main center of the nation Hatunwanka Xauxa, that consisted of Tawantinsuyu after the expansion of Pachakutiq Inca.
Pushpagiri, Krishnagiri
Pushpagiri is a small village located under the Jurisdiction of Belavarthy Gram panchayat, Bargur block, Krishnagiri district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The village is 6 km (3.7 mi) away from Varatanapalli and 12 km (7.5 mi) away from its district capital Krishnagiri.

Krishnagiri district
Krishnagiri district is one of the 38 districts (a district in the northwestern part) of the state of Tamil Nadu, in India. This district was carved out from Dharmapuri District in 2004. The municipal town of Krishnagiri is the district headquarters. In Tamil Nadu, e-Governance was first introduced at Krishnagiri district under the National e-Governance Project (NEGP) in revenue and social welfare departments on a pilot basis. The district is one of the largest producers of mangoes in India. As of 2011, the district had a population of 1,879,809 with a sex-ratio of 958 females for every 1,000 males. Hosur is the most populous city in the district.
Staryi Maidan
Staryi Maidan (Ukrainian: Старий Майдан), formerly Starozakrevskyi Maidan until 1938 (Старозакревський Майдан, literally "Old Zakrevsky Maidan", maidan meaning "public square"), is a village located between Derazhnia and Vovkovyntsi, in Khmelnytskyi Raion of Khmelnytskyi Oblast near Kalna in the Podolia region of Ukraine. It belongs to Vovkovyntsi urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. It was a Jewish agricultural colony established in 1844, but today is mostly populated by ethnic Ukrainians.

Vovkovyntsi
Vovkovyntsi (Ukrainian: Вовковинці) is a rural settlement in Khmelnytskyi Raion, Khmelnytskyi Oblast, western Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Vovkovyntsi settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The settlement's population was 2,909 as of the 2001 Ukrainian Census. Current population: 2,367 (2022 estimate).
Bougousso
Bougousso is a town in north-western Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Odienné Department in Kabadougou Region, Denguélé District, near to the border with Guinea.

Bougousso was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Bougousso was 6,722.

Denguélé District
Denguélé District (French: district du Denguélé, [distʁikt dy dɛnɡele]) is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the northwest corner of the country. The capital of the district is Odienné.
Kaizō
Kaizō (改造 kaizō) was a Japanese general-interest magazine that started publication during the Taishō period and printed many articles of socialist content. Kaizō can be translated into English as "Reorganize", "Restructure", "Reconstruct" or "Reconstruction".

Riichi Yokomitsu
Riichi Yokomitsu (横光 利一, Yokomitsu Riichi, 17 March 1898 – 30 December 1947) was an experimental, modernist Japanese writer.

Yokomitsu began publishing in dōjinshi such as Machi ("Street") and Tō ("Tower") after entering Waseda University in 1916. In 1923, he published Nichirin ("The Sun"), Hae ("A Fly") and more in the magazine Bungeishunjū, which made his name popular. The following year he started the magazine Bungei-Jidai with Yasunari Kawabata and others. Yokomitsu and others involved in Bungei-Jidai were known collectively as the Shinkankakuha, or the New Sensation School, with a particular interest in sensation and scientific objectivity.
Port of Chiba
The Port of Chiba (千葉港, Chiba-kō) is the largest seaport in Japan, located in Chiba Prefecture on the interior of Tokyo Bay. The Port spans 24,800 hectares (61,000 acres) across the cities of Ichikawa, Funabashi, Narashino, Chiba, Ichihara, and Sodegaura.

Ichihara, Chiba
Ichihara (市原市, Ichihara-shi) is a city, located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 December 2020, the city had an estimated population of 274,117 in 128,316 households and a population density of 240 people per km2. The total area of the city is 368.20 square kilometres (142.16 sq mi). The city is home, together with the city of Chiba, to the JEF United football club. The whole city is also part of the Greater Tokyo Area.
Lin Chu-chia
Lin Chu-chia (Chinese: 林祖嘉; pinyin: Lín Zǔjiā; born 1956), known also by his English name Steve Lin, is a Taiwanese economist and politician. He took junior positions at the Mainland Affairs Council before his 2016 promotion to concurrent posts as National Development Council head and Governor of Fujian Province.

National Development Council (Taiwan)
The National Development Council (NDC; traditional Chinese: 國家發展委員會; simplified Chinese: 国家发展委员会; pinyin: Guójiā Fāzhǎn Wěiyuánhuì; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kok-ka Hoat-tián Úi-oân-hōe) is  the policy-planning agency of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan.
Threshing
Threshing, or thrashing, is the process of loosening the edible part of grain (or other crop) from the straw to which it is attached. It is the step in grain preparation after reaping. Threshing does not remove the bran from the grain.

Grain
A grain is a small, hard, dry fruit (caryopsis) – with or without an attached hull layer – harvested for human or animal consumption. A grain crop is a grain-producing plant. The two main types of commercial grain crops are cereals and legumes.

After being harvested, dry grains are more durable than other staple foods, such as starchy fruits (plantains, breadfruit, etc.) and tubers (sweet potatoes, cassava, and more). This durability has made grains well suited to industrial agriculture, since they can be mechanically harvested, transported by rail or ship, stored for long periods in silos, and milled for flour or pressed for oil. Thus, the grain market is a major global agricultural market that includes crops such as maize, rice, soybeans, wheat and other grains.
Don't Call Us Dead
Don't Call Us Dead is a 2017 poetry collection by Danez Smith, published by Graywolf Press. Smith's second book of poems, it won the Forward Prize for Best Collection and was a finalist for the National Book Award for Poetry.

Graywolf Press
Graywolf Press is an independent, non-profit publisher located in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Graywolf Press publishes fiction, non-fiction, and poetry.

Graywolf Press collaborates with organizations such as the College of Saint Benedict, the Mellon Foundation, and Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Graywolf Press currently publishes about 27 books a year, including the Graywolf Press Nonfiction Prize winner, the recipient of the Emily Dickinson First Book Award, and several translations supported by the Lannan Foundation.
Gneysovaya Peak
Gneysovaya Peak (71°33′S 12°10′E﻿ / ﻿71.550°S 12.167°E﻿ / -71.550; 12.167) is a peak, 2,050 metres (6,730 ft) high, on the ridge connecting Krakken Mountain and Sandseten Mountain in the Westliche Petermann Range, Wohlthat Mountains, Antarctica. It was discovered and plotted from air photos by the Third German Antarctic Expedition, 1938–39. It was mapped from air photos and surveys by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60, remapped by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 1960–61, and named "Gora Gneysovaya" (gneiss mountain).

Soviet Antarctic Expedition
The Soviet Antarctic Expedition (SAE or SovAE) (Russian: Советская антарктическая экспедиция, САЭ, Sovetskaya antarkticheskaya ekspeditsiya) was a Soviet research institute.  It was succeeded by the Russian Antarctic Expedition.
Lentinula aciculospora
Lentinula aciculospora is a species of agaric fungus in the family Omphalotaceae. Described as new to science in 2001, it is known only from Costa Rica, where it grows on oak wood. Fruitbodies are similar in external appearance to others members of the genus Lentinula (including shiitake), but L. aciculospora can be distinguished from those species microscopically by its distinctive elongated, cylindrical spores.

Lentinula
Lentinula is a small genus of wood-inhabiting agarics. The neotropical species Lentinula boryana (= L. cubensis) is the type species. However, the best-known species is L. edodes, the shiitake. The genus was erected by Franklin Sumner Earle in 1909, and as of 2023 contains ten species, principally found in tropical regions.
10th Indian Motor Brigade
The 10th Indian Motor Brigade was a formation of the Indian Army during World War II.
It was formed in Egypt in March 1942. The brigade left Egypt for Persia in September 1942 and  was converted to the 60th Indian Infantry Brigade in July 1943.

During its time active the brigade was under the command of three different higher formations, the 
10th Armoured Division, the 51st Highland Division, and, from September 1942 to 1943, the Tenth Army.

10th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)
The 10th Armoured Division was an armoured formation of division-size of the British Army, raised during the Second World War and was active from 1941–1944 and after the war from 1956–1957. It was formed from the 1st Cavalry Division, a 1st Line Yeomanry unit of the Territorial Army (TA) which had previously been serving in Palestine. The division was converted from cavalry to armour and redesignated from 1 August 1941.
Grant's rock mouse
Grant's rock mouse or Grant's rock rat (Micaelamys granti) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae
found only in South Africa.  It is sometimes included in the genus Aethomys.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and rocky areas.

Muridae
The Muridae, or murids, are either the largest or second-largest family of rodents and of mammals, containing approximately 870 species, including many species of mice, rats, and gerbils found naturally throughout Eurasia, Africa, and Australia.

The name Muridae comes from the Latin mus (genitive muris), meaning "mouse", since all true mice belong to the family, with the more typical mice belonging to the genus Mus.
The Instigators
The Instigators is a 2024 American heist comedy film directed by Doug Liman and written by Chuck Maclean and Casey Affleck. The film stars Affleck and Matt Damon, with a supporting cast that includes Hong Chau, Michael Stuhlbarg, Paul Walter Hauser, Ving Rhames, Alfred Molina, Toby Jones, Jack Harlow, and Ron Perlman.

The Instigators was given a limited theatrical release in the United States on August 2, 2024, before making its streaming debut on Apple TV+ on August 9, 2024. The film received mixed reviews from critics.

Paul Walter Hauser
Paul Walter Hauser (born October 15, 1986) is an American actor and professional wrestler. He starred as murderer Larry Hall in the 2022 true crime miniseries Black Bird, for which he won a Golden Globe Award and a Primetime Emmy Award, and is also known for his portrayal of Stingray in the Netflix series Cobra Kai.  His breakout performance was as the title character in Clint Eastwood's drama film Richard Jewell in 2019.  He has also provided the voice of Embarrassment in Pixar's Inside Out 2 in 2024.  The following year, he portrayed Bruce Springsteen's recording engineer in Springsteen: Deliver Me from Nowhere and supervillain Harvey Elder / Mole Man in The Fantastic Four: First Steps.  As an occasional professional wrestler, Hauser is signed to Major League Wrestling.
American Primeval
American Primeval is an American Western miniseries created and written by Mark L. Smith and directed by Peter Berg. Starring Taylor Kitsch and Betty Gilpin, the series is set in 1857 during the Utah War. It was released on January 9, 2025, on Netflix.

Dane DeHaan
Dane William DeHaan (/dəˈhɑːn/ də-HAHN; born 1985 or 1986) is an American actor. His roles include Andrew Detmer in Chronicle (2012), Jason Glanton in The Place Beyond the Pines (2012), Lucien Carr in Kill Your Darlings (2013), Harry Osborn / Green Goblin in The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014), Lockhart in A Cure for Wellness (2016), Valerian in Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets (2017), Chris Lynwood in ZeroZeroZero, and Kenneth Nichols in Oppenheimer (2023). In 2021, he starred in the psychological romance horror miniseries Lisey's Story. He also had a role in the true crime limited series adaptation of The Staircase in 2022.
Buffon (crater)
Buffon is a lunar impact crater that is located on the southern hemisphere on the far side of the Moon. It lies a crater diameter south of the large walled plain Chebyshev. To the northeast is the crater Langmuir and to the southwest is Leavitt. Buffon lies nearly at the midpoint between these formations.

This is a worn and eroded crater formation, with a circular rim that can″ still be traced through the rugged terrain but which is irregular and rounded due to a history of lesser impacts. The most notable of these is a tiny crater which lies across the northern rim and the satellite crater Buffon D which lies along the inner eastern wall. The interior floor, although generally level, is equally rugged and irregular, particularly in the eastern half.

Sphere
A sphere (from Ancient Greek σφαῖρα, sphaîra) is a surface analogous to the circle, a curve. In solid geometry, a sphere is the set of points that are all at the same distance r from a given point in three-dimensional space. That given point is the center of the sphere, and the distance r is the sphere's radius. The earliest known mentions of spheres appear in the work of the ancient Greek mathematicians.

The sphere is a fundamental surface in many fields of mathematics. Spheres and nearly-spherical shapes also appear in nature and industry. Bubbles such as soap bubbles take a spherical shape in equilibrium. The Earth is often approximated as a sphere in geography, and the celestial sphere is an important concept in astronomy. Manufactured items including pressure vessels and most curved mirrors and lenses are based on spheres. Spheres roll smoothly in any direction, so most balls used in sports and toys are spherical, as are ball bearings.
West Harbour RFC
The West Harbour Rugby Football Club is a professional Australian rugby union club based in Concord, New South Wales. Founded in 1900 as the Western Suburbs District R.U.F.C., the club is one of the oldest in Australia and competes in the Shute Shield, the premier New South Wales club competition.

The club's home ground is Concord Oval, which holds a significant place in Australian rugby history as a key venue for the inaugural Rugby World Cup in 1987.

Western Force
The Western Force is an Australian professional rugby union team based in Perth, Western Australia, currently competing in Super Rugby Pacific. They previously played in Super Rugby from 2006 until they were axed from the competition in 2017. Following their axing they played in the National Rugby Championship in 2018 and 2019, replacing the Perth Spirit, and Global Rapid Rugby from 2018 to 2020, an Indo-Pacific competition organised by Andrew Forrest.

Following the cancellation of both the 2020 Super Rugby season and 2020 Global Rapid Rugby season due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Western Force were invited to compete in the 2020 Super Rugby AU season, a domestic competition organised by Rugby Australia to replace the cancelled Super Rugby season. The Force competed in the 2021 Super Rugby AU season and Super Rugby Trans-Tasman, before being confirmed that their return to Super Rugby will be permanent in the revamped 2022 Super Rugby Pacific season.
Gutsoon! Entertainment
Gutsoon! Entertainment, Inc. was a publisher of English translated manga. The company, headquartered in Encino, Los Angeles, served as the US subsidiary of Coamix, which was founded by Nobuhiko Horie and manga artist Tsukasa Hojo.

The company published the English manga anthology Raijin Comics, a U.S. equivalent to the Japanese Weekly Comic Bunch and published many of the same titles (Fist of the Blue Sky and City Hunter), as well titles from other magazines such as the Japanese Weekly Shōnen Jump.

Shinchosha
Shinchosha Publishing Co, Ltd. (株式会社新潮社, Kabushiki Kaisha Shinchōsha) is a publisher founded in 1896 in Japan and headquartered in Yaraichō, Shinjuku, Tokyo. Shinchosha is one of the sponsors of the Japan Fantasy Novel Award, instituted in 1989.
Phyllonorycter oreas
Phyllonorycter oreas is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from the Nepal.

The wingspan is 6-6.5 mm.

The larvae feed on Lannea and Odina species. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.