hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Torsional instability
Torsional instability is a mechanical phenomenon where a structural element subjected to twisting (torsional) forces undergoes sudden deformation or failure beyond a critical torque threshold. This instability is characterized by a rapid transition from stable twisting to helical buckling, kinking, or collapse, often observed in slender rods, beams, and architectural structures.

Torque
In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational correspondent of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment of force, or simply the moment. Just as a linear force is a push or a pull applied to a body, a torque can be thought of as a twist applied to an object with respect to a chosen axis. For example, driving a screw uses torque to force it into an object. The torque is applied by the screwdriver, rotating around its axis, to the drive on the head of the screw.

Torque is generally referred to using different vocabulary depending on geographical location and field of study, with torque generally being associated with physics and moment being associated with engineering. This article follows the definition used in US physics in its usage of the word torque.

Torque is typically represented mathematically using  the lowercase Greek letter tau (). When being referred to as moment of force, it is commonly denoted by M.
March 827
The March 827 was a British sports prototype racing car, built by March Engineering in 1982 for the revived Can-Am series. As with all other full-size Can-Am cars of the time, it used a mid-mounted 5-litre, naturally-aspirated Chevrolet V8 engine. It was driven by Danny Sullivan for Newman/Budweiser racing. It won only 1 race in 1982, at Caesars Palace.

March Engineering
March Engineering was a Formula One constructor and manufacturer of customer racing cars from the United Kingdom. Although only moderately successful in Grand Prix competition, March racing cars enjoyed much better success in other categories of competition, including Formula Two, Formula Three, IndyCar and IMSA GTP sportscar racing.
Kayts Hospital
Kayts Hospital is a government hospital in Kayts, Sri Lanka. It is controlled by the provincial government in Jaffna. As of 2010 it had 59 beds. The hospital is sometimes called Kayts Base Hospital or Kayts District Hospital.

As well as general medical care the hospital provides a wide variety of healthcare services including diabetic, dentistry, family planning, obstetrics (ante-natal). The hospital also has an emergency department and a pathological laboratory.

In 2010 the hospital had 2,963 in-patient admissions, 35,383 out-patient visits and 8,328 clinic visits.

Public hospital
A public hospital, or government hospital, is a hospital which is government owned and is predominantly funded by the government and operates predominantly off the money that is collected from taxpayers to fund healthcare initiatives. In almost all the developed countries but the United States of America, and in most of the developing countries, this type of hospital provides medical care almost free of charge to patients, covering expenses and wages by government reimbursement.

The level of government owning the hospital may be local, municipal, state, regional, or national, and eligibility for service, not just for emergencies, may be available to non-citizen residents.
Gulla
Gulla is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alejandra Gulla (born 1977), Argentine field hockey player

Bob Gulla, American music historian and musicologist, music encyclopedia author, and biographer and writer

Joe Gulla (born 1964), American playwright, actor and reality television participant

Bob Gulla
Bob Gulla is an American music historian and musicologist, music encyclopedia author, and biographer and writer. He has authored books such as Icons of R&B and Soul: An Encyclopedia of the Artists Who Revolutionized Rhythm, Guitar Gods: The 25 Players Who Made Rock History, and has co-written The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Rock History and Piano Love Songs for Dummies, Movie Piano Songs for Dummies and Christmas Piano Songs for Dummies. 
In his book Icons of R&B and Soul he wrote biographical pieces on artists including Ray Charles, Little Richard, Fats Domino, Ruth Brown, LaVern Baker, Sam Cooke, Jackie Wilson, Etta James, Ike Turner, Tina Turner, The Isley Brothers, James Brown, and Otis Redding. In Volume 6 of The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Rock History, The Grunge and Post-Grunge Years, 1991–2005, Gulla is described as "capturing  the many innovations of millennial rock music and culture." He was also a contributing music writer for The Phoenix(now defunct).
Slattery's Sago Saga
Slattery's Sago Saga is an unfinished novel by Irish writer Flann O'Brien. Arthur Riordan produced a play version in 2010. The novel details the efforts of a Scottish-American woman to replace Ireland's potato crop with the hardier sago. This replacement would mean fewer reasons for Irish citizens to emigrate to the United States, as the sago plants would resist blight, so preventing the Irish from importing "popery". The book satirizes Fordism.

Fordism
Fordism is an industrial engineering and manufacturing system that serves as the basis of modern social and labor-economic systems that support industrialized, standardized mass production and mass consumption. The concept is named after Henry Ford. It is used in social, economic, and management theory about production, working conditions, consumption, and related phenomena, especially regarding the 20th century. It describes an ideology of advanced capitalism centered around the American socioeconomic systems in place in the post-war economic boom.
Quimby Pipe Organs
Quimby Pipe Organs, Inc. is an American builder of pipe organs, based in Warrensburg, Missouri.

The firm was founded in 1970 by Michael Quimby, President and Tonal Director, and incorporated in the State of Missouri in 1980. The company has built and restored organs throughout the United States, including the Cathedral of St. John the Divine (New York City), St. Paul's Cathedral (San Diego), St. Margaret’s Episcopal Church (Palm Desert, CA), and Catalina United Methodist Church (Tucson, Arizona).

Along with building new instruments and restorations, Quimby Pipe Organs maintains and tunes instruments both in the Midwest and across the United States.

Quimby Pipe Organs is a member firm of APOBA, the Associated Pipe Organ Builders of America, and co-sponsors the American Guild of Organists' biannual Regional Competitions for Young Organists.

St. Paul's Cathedral (San Diego)
St. Paul's Cathedral is an Episcopal church in Bankers Hill in San Diego, California. It is the formal seat of the bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of San Diego. It traces its origins to the first Protestant church in San Diego, founded in Old Town in 1853, although the building itself was only completed in 1951.
Matheney
Matheney is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alan Matheney (1950–2005), American criminal

Buster Matheney (1956–2000), American basketball player

Mary Brigid Matheney (born 1974), American politician

Mary Brigid Matheney
Mary Brigid "Bridey" Matheney, (born January 18, 1974) is a Republican former member of the Ohio House of Representatives. She was appointed to the position in February 2012, and served until April 16, 2012, when she was replaced by Matt Lynch. Matheney graduated from the University of Dayton with a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science in 1996. She later graduated Juris Doctor, cum laude, from the Cleveland–Marshall College of Law in 1999.
Gallows Pine
60°08′43″N 10°16′30″E﻿ / ﻿60.14528°N 10.27500°E﻿ / 60.14528; 10.27500

The Gallows Pine (in Norwegian  Galgefurua, also known as Signalfurua, Norwegian for the Signal Pine) is a pine at Tanbergmoen in Ringerike, Norway is a Scots pine tree. The approx. 400 years old tree is located just off the former military excursion site Jensebråten. It is about seven meters high and has a very crumpled appearance. There are several such large crumpled pine trees in the area, all of which are lush and probably very old. Up among the branches of the bile duct is a forged ring from the time when the pine was the site of executions for the district still visible. The pine tree is listed by the Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage.

Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage
The Directorate for Cultural Heritage (Norwegian: Riksantikvaren or Direktoratet for kulturminneforvaltning) is a government agency responsible for the management of cultural heritage in Norway. Subordinate to the Norwegian Ministry of the Environment, it manages the Cultural Heritage Act of June 9, 1978. The directorate also has responsibilities under the Norwegian Planning and Building Law.
Corpus Christi Harbor Bridge
The Corpus Christi Harbor Bridge was a through arch bridge in Corpus Christi, Texas, that carried six lanes of U.S. Route 181 (US 181) and Texas State Highway 35 (SH 35) from downtown Corpus Christi to Rincon Point, known to locals as North Beach. The bridge crossed the Corpus Christi Ship Channel and handled nearly 26,000 vehicles daily.

A new bridge called the New Harbor Bridge was completed and opened to traffic on June 28, 2025. It allows larger ships to pass beneath, permit safer pedestrian transit, and reconfigure the highway interchange system in the surrounding community.

North Beach, Corpus Christi, Texas
North Beach, historically known as Rincon Point, is a section of Corpus Christi, Texas located on the far north end of the city. It is on the El Rincon peninsula surrounded by Corpus Christi Bay and Nueces Bay.  The beaches name changed to Corpus Christi Beach in the 1950s, but the City Council changed the name back to "North Beach" in 2012. Many local business owners and residents requested this change because most people still referred to it as the "North Beach". The city then erected a $750,000 giant archway with "North Beach" written on it in 2012 at the gateway to this tourist area, making the beaches name set in stone.
Badini (surname)
Badini is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Abdul Majeed Badini, Pakistani politician

Alidou Badini, Burkinabé filmmaker

Angelo Badini, (1894–1921), Italian Argentine footballer

Boureima Badini (born 1956), Burkinabé politician

Carlo Maria Badini (1925–2007), Italian arts administrator

Emilio Badini (1897–1956), Italian Argentine footballer

Ernesto Badini (1876–1937), Italian opera singer

Gérard Badini (1931–2025), French jazz bandleader, composer, reedist, and pianist

Jérôme Badini, French saxophonist, composer

Mir Muhammad Yousaf Badini, Pakistani politician

Muneer Ahmed Badini (born 1953), Pakistani novelist and writer

Usman Badini, Pakistani politician

Ernesto Badini
Ernesto Badini (born San Colombano al Lambro, 14 September 1876; died Milan, 6 July 1937) was an Italian opera singer that sang in the baritone range. He was trained at Milan Conservatory and made his debut as Matteo (in Frà Diavolo) at Lodi's Teatro Gaffurio in 1896.  Badini was a regular performer at Milan's La Scala and achieved his greatest success in the comic role of Puccini's Gianni Schicchi.
Agnes Etherington Art Centre
The Agnes Etherington Art Centre is located in Kingston, Ontario, on the campus of Queen's University. The gallery has received a number of awards for its exhibitions from the Canada Council for the Arts, the Ontario Association of Art Galleries and others.

Ferdinand Bol
Ferdinand Bol (24 June 1616 - 24 August 1680) was a Dutch painter, etcher and draftsman. Although his surviving work is rare, it displays Rembrandt's influence; like his master, Bol favored historical subjects, portraits, numerous self-portraits, and single figures in exotic finery.
Stewart Krentzman
Stewart Krentzman (born 1951) is an American educator and business executive who serves as an adjunct professor at the New York University Stern School of Business in the executive, full and part-time graduate business programs in New York and Washington D.C., teaching the Marketing Planning and Strategy and the Social Media and Mobile Technology courses.  Previously, he served as the president and chief executive officer of Oki Data Americas, Inc. with responsibility for North and South America. He was a member of the board of directors of Oki Data Corporation from 2003 to 2010.

New York University Stern School of Business
The New York University Stern School of Business (NYU Stern or Stern) is the business school of New York University, a private research university based in New York City. Founded as the School of Commerce, Accounts and Finance in 1900, the school received its current name in 1988.

Stern is a founding member of the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business. Established as the School of Commerce, Accounts and Finance, the school changed its name in 1988 in honor of Leonard N. Stern, an alumnus and benefactor of the school. The school offers Bachelor of Science in Business at the undergraduate level and Master of Business Administration degrees at the postgraduate level. The school is located on Gould Plaza next to the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences and the economics department of the College of Arts and Sciences.
Andrew Waddell (referee)
Andrew Wilson Waddell (born 26 September 1950) became a qualified referee in 1965 and joined the Senior List of SFA referees in 1973.  From 1989 to 1997 he represented Scotland on the FIFA list of international referees, including qualifying matches for the 1994 World Cup. He also served as an assistant referee at UEFA Euro 1988 and the 1989 FIFA U-16 World Championship. He retired from refereeing in 1999 and subsequently became secretary of Preston Athletic F.C., and campaigned for the club to be admitted to the Scottish Football League in 2008.

Waddell was the Chairman of the Scottish Lowland Football League until replaced by George Fraser and sat on the Professional Game Board of the Scottish Football Association (SFA).

Professionally he is managing director of a Quality Assurance consultancy and is past Chairman of the British Association for Research Quality Assurance (BARQA)

UEFA Euro 1988
The 1988 UEFA European Football Championship final tournament was held in West Germany from 10 to 25 June 1988. It was the eighth UEFA European Championship, which is held every four years and supported by UEFA. France were the defending champions, but failed to qualify. The tournament crowned the Netherlands as European champions for the first time.

Euro 1988 was a rare instance of a major football tournament ending without a single sending-off or goalless draw, nor any knockout matches going to extra time or penalties. This was the final European Championship to feature teams from West Germany and the Soviet Union, as the West and East Germans reunified to become Germany in 1990, and the Soviet Union disintegrated into 15 countries in 1991.
Ola High School (Georgia)
Ola High School is a public high school located in McDonough, Georgia, United States. Its student body consists of about 1,400 students in grades 9–12. Its facilities include a football field, track, baseball field, tennis courts, marching band field, and a gymnasium for basketball.

The Ola Middle School is adjacent to the high school.

Secondary education in the United States
Secondary education is the last six or seven years of statutory formal education in the United States. It reaches the climax with twelfth grade (age 17–18). Whether it begins with sixth grade (age 11–12) or seventh grade (age 12–13) varies by state and sometimes by school district.

Secondary education in the United States occurs in two phases. The first, as classified by the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), is the lower secondary phase, either called a middle school or junior high school. A middle school is for students sixth grade, seventh grade and eighth grade and a junior high school is only for students in seventh and eighth grade.

The second is the ISCED upper secondary phase, a high school or senior high school for students ninth grade through twelfth grade. There is some debate over the optimum age of transfer, and variation in some states; also, middle school often includes grades that are almost always considered primary school.
Black Shadows on a Silver Screen
Black Shadows on a Silver Screen is a 1975 documentary film about African American cinema. It was distributed by Lucerne Films. Steven York directed and edited the film. Ossie Davis narrates.

The movie was screened at the 1977 Cannes Film Festival. Thomas Cripps wrote the film. Ray Hubbard executive produced and Stephan Henriquez and William Bowman produced under Post-Newsweek Productions.

The film Birth of a Race is noted in the documentary. Clips from various films including Pinky, Hearts in Dixie, So Red the Rose, and Birth of a Nation are included.

Hearts in Dixie
Hearts in Dixie is a 1929 American pre-Code musical drama film starring Stepin Fetchit, was one of the first (All-Talking) sound films, big-studio productions to boast a predominantly African-American cast. This film celebrates African-American music and dance. It was released by Fox Film Corporation just months before the release of Hallelujah!, another all-black musical released by competitor Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The director of Hearts in Dixie was Paul Sloane.  Walter Weems wrote the screenplay, and William Fox was producer.
Froth on the Daydream
Froth on the Daydream (French: L'Écume des jours, lit. "The Froth of Days") is a 1947 surrealist novel by French author Boris Vian. Although told as a linear narrative, the novel employs surrealism and contains multiple plot lines, including the love stories of two couples, talking mice, and a man who ages years in a week. One of the main plot lines concerns a newlywed man whose wife develops a rare and bizarre illness that can be treated only by surrounding her with flowers.

The book has been translated several times into English under different titles. Stanley Chapman's translation is titled Froth on the Daydream (Rapp & Carroll, 1967), John Sturrock's is called Mood Indigo (Grove Press, 1968), and Brian Harper's is named Foam of the Daze (TamTam Books, 2012). A 2014 edition based on the 2013 film adaptation and published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux is also titled Mood Indigo.

Froth on the Daydream has been adapted into three feature films, two music albums, and an opera.

Story structure
Story structure or narrative structure is the recognizable or comprehensible way in which a narrative's different elements are unified, including in a particularly chosen order and sometimes specifically referring to the ordering of the plot: the narrative series of events, though this can vary based on culture. In a play or work of theatre especially, this can be called dramatic structure, which is presented in audiovisual form. Story structure can vary by culture and by location. The following is an overview of various story structures and components that might be considered.
Gustav Ernst
Gustav Ernst (born 23 August 1944) is an Austrian playwright, novelist and screenwriter. He has also founded and edited two literary journals, Wespennest and kolik.

Ernst was born in Vienna, where he read Philosophy, Psychology and History at the University of Vienna. He lives in Leopoldstadt.

Literary magazine
A literary magazine is a periodical devoted to literature in a broad sense. Literary magazines usually publish a mix of fiction and non-fiction. Short stories and poetry are common literary forms published, but some magazines may publish serial literature—a novel which is revealed in sections over multiple issues. Non-fiction writing may be from staff of the literary magazine to make commentary about their magazine or about culture related to literature. Non-fiction from contributors may take the form of essays, literary criticism, book reviews, biographical profiles of authors, interviews, and letters. Literary magazines are often called literary journals (or little magazines) to contrast them with larger, commercial magazines.
Alberto García Aspe
Alberto García Aspe Mena (born 11 May 1967) is a Mexican former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

Recognized for his character, discipline, and leadership, Aspe is considered one of the greatest Mexican footballers. He is best remembered for his time at Necaxa, during which the club enjoyed a remarkable era of success.

On the international stage, Aspe made 109 appearances for Mexico over a fourteen-year period, scoring 21 goals. He represented the national team at the FIFA World Cup in 1994, 1998 and 2002.

Campeón de Campeones
Campeón de Campeones is a professional association football competition in Mexico and a domestic Super cup between the Liga MX champions of the Apertura and Clausura tournaments, the two champions of each season. It was initially a Super cup between the league and cup champions until 1995, and since 2003 it has been contested by the two league champions of the year. Since 2018, the winners of the Campeón de Campeones have competed in the Campeones Cup, facing the MLS champions.

The inaugural edition as a professional competition was held in 1943, with Marte as the first champions in history. In all, fifty-one editions of the trophy have been held.

The trophy was not held for several years (1977–1987, 1991–1994, 1996–2002, 2007–2014), and has been paused since 2020.

América and Guadalajara are the most successful clubs with seven titles each, followed by León, Toluca and Atlas with five titles each. In all, eighteen clubs have won the trophy at least once.
Daniel Sobkova
Daniel Sobkova (born 17 July 1985) is an Austrian footballer who currently plays as a forward for FC Schaan. Sobkova scored the winning goal in the 2013 Austrian Cup Final as Pasching defeated Austria Wien 1–0.

FK Austria Wien
Fußballklub Austria Wien AG (German pronunciation: [ˈaʊstri̯aː ˈviːn]), known in English as Austria Vienna, and Austria Wien in German-speaking countries, is an Austrian professional association football club from the capital city of Vienna. It has won the most trophies of any Austrian club from the top flight, with 24 Austrian Bundesliga titles and 27 Austrian Cup titles. With 27 victories in the Austrian Cup and six in the Austrian Supercup, Austria Wien is also the most successful club in each of those tournaments. The club reached the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup final in 1978, and the semi-finals of the European Cup the season after. The club plays at the Franz Horr Stadium, known as the Generali Arena since a 2010 naming rights deal with an Italian insurance company. Along with their local rivals, they have never been relegated.
La Demajagua (newspaper)
La Demajagua  is the official Cuban newspaper of the provincial committee of the Cuban Communist Party in Granma Province. It is published in Spanish and English. It was named after the homonym sugar mill, near Manzanillo, in which Carlos Manuel de Céspedes issued his cry of independence, the "10th of October Manifesto", in 1868.

Carlos Manuel de Céspedes
Carlos Manuel de Céspedes del Castillo (18 April 1819 – 27 February 1874) was a Cuban revolutionary hero and First President of Cuba in Arms in 1868. Céspedes, who was a plantation owner in Cuba, freed his slaves and made the declaration of Cuban independence in 1868 which started the Ten Years' War (1868–1878). This was the first of three wars of independence, the third of which, the Cuban War of Independence led to the end of Spanish rule in 1898 and Cuba's independence in 1902.

Because of his actions which led to the eventual independence of Cuba, and the fact that three of his children died during his long fight for independence, he is known there as the "Father of the homeland".