hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Basic affine jump diffusion
In mathematics probability theory, a basic affine jump diffusion (basic AJD) is a stochastic process Z of the form

where  is a standard Brownian motion, and  is an independent compound Poisson process with constant jump intensity  and independent exponentially distributed jumps with mean . For the process to be well defined, it is necessary that  and . A basic AJD is a special case of an affine process and of a jump diffusion. On the other hand, the Cox–Ingersoll–Ross (CIR) process is a special case of a basic AJD.

Basic AJDs are attractive for modeling default times in credit risk applications, since both the moment generating function

and the characteristic function

are known in closed form.

The characteristic function allows one to calculate the density of an integrated basic AJD

by Fourier inversion, which can be done efficiently using the FFT.

Affine term structure model
An affine term structure model is a financial model that relates zero-coupon bond prices (i.e. the discount curve) to a spot rate model. It is particularly useful for deriving the yield curve – the process of determining spot rate model inputs from observable bond market data. The affine class of term structure models implies the convenient form that log bond prices are linear functions of the spot rate (and potentially additional state variables).
Further Confusion
Further Confusion, or Furcon, is an annual furry convention held in San Jose, California, in January, celebrating the anthropomorphics genre or furry fandom, including charitable benefits, educational seminars, art shows, panels and general social activities. It was the first event sponsored by Anthropomorphic Arts and Education (Furcon is its registered service mark) and continues to be its largest.

Beginning in 1999 with the attendance of 691 individuals, Further Confusion has grown rapidly. In 2023, its record attendance was 5,388 individuals from around the world. Further Confusion donated over $100,000 to various charitable beneficiaries (including animal shelters, rescue groups, and the Comic Book Legal Defense Fund) in the period 1999–2008. Its art show sales routinely exceed $50,000.

Animal shelter
An animal shelter or pound is a place where stray, lost, abandoned or surrendered animals – mostly dogs and cats – are housed. The word "pound" has its origins in the animal pounds of agricultural communities, where stray livestock would be penned or impounded until they were claimed by their owners.

While no-kill shelters exist, it is sometimes policy to euthanize animals that are not claimed quickly enough by a previous or new owner. In Europe, of the 30 countries included in a survey, all but six (Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Italy and Poland) permitted euthanizing non-adopted animals.
Eminiska
Eminiska (Irish: Ime an Uisce) is a small townland in the historical barony of Ormond Lower, County Tipperary, Ireland. Situated between Borrisokane and Cloughjordan, it has an area of approximately 1.15 square kilometres (0.44 sq mi). As of the 2011 census, Eminiska townland had a population of 17 people.

Buildings of note in the townland include Eminiska House – a two-storey Georgian house listed as a protected structure by Tipperary County Council (RPS Ref S159). Also nearby is Modreeny House, an Arts and Crafts style home built c. 1920.

Cloughjordan
Cloughjordan, officially Cloghjordan (/klɒxˈdʒɔːrdən/ klokh-JOR-dən, Irish: Cloch Shiurdáin, meaning 'Siurdán's stone or castle'), is a town in County Tipperary in Ireland. It is in the barony of Ormond Lower, and it is also a parish in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Killaloe.

The town is situated in the north-western part of Tipperary close to the border with County Offaly. It is almost equidistant from Nenagh, Roscrea and Birr and is close to Ireland's largest river, the Shannon, and Lough Derg.

Poet and Easter Rising leader Thomas MacDonagh, a native of Cloughjordan, described it as a place "in calm of middle country".

Cloghjordan is in the Dáil constituency of Tipperary. From 2016 to 2020 it was in the Offaly constituency. As of the 2022 census, Cloghjordan had a population of 701 people.
Catherine Eagles
Catherine Diane Caldwell Eagles (born August 30, 1958) is the chief United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina and a former Superior Court judge in Guilford County, North Carolina. She is the first female judge to serve in the Middle District.

United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina
The United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina (in case citations, M.D.N.C.) is a United States district court with jurisdiction over 24 counties in the center of North Carolina.  It consists of five divisions with a headquarters in Greensboro, North Carolina.

Appeals from the Middle District of North Carolina are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).
Renato Pasini
Renato Pasini (born 31 July 1977) is an Italian former cross-country skier who began competing in 1996. He won the gold medal in the team sprint (with Cristian Zorzi) at the 2007 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Sapporo. Pasini also has seven individual victories at various levels all in sprint since 2002.

Competing in two Winter Olympics, his best finish at the Winter Olympics was 18th in the individual sprint at Turin in 2006.

He has also finished second in the 2008–2009 Sprint World Cup.

Pasini competes also in ski mountaineering events, amongst others in the Trofeo Mezzalama race, in which he finished sixth in 2001, together with Luciano Fontana and Ivano Molin, and 10th together with his brother Fabio Pasini and Daniele Chioda in 2009.

Mezzalama Trophy
The Mezzalama Trophy (Italian: Trofeo Mezzalama, French: Trophée Mezzalama, a.k.a. white marathon) is an Italian high altitude ski mountaineering competition in upper Valtournenche and Ayas valleys, in Aosta Valley.

The Mezzalama Trophy, which belongs to the "big three of ski mountaineering" (French: les grandes trois de ski de montagne) besides the two other best-known and classical ski mountaineering events, the Patrouille des Glaciers and the Pierra Menta, is the highest alpine ski mountaineering competition of the world. The event in the Monte Rosa's massif was named in honor of the mountain guide Ottorino Mezzalama.

The Mezzalama Trophy is a stage of La Grande Course that includes the most important ski mountaineering competitions of the season.
2017 in paleoichthyology
Paleontology portal

History of science portal

This list of fossil fishes described in 2017 is a list of new taxa of jawless vertebrates, placoderms, acanthodians, fossil cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes and other fishes of every kind that are scheduled to be described during the year 2017, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of fishes that are scheduled to occur in the year 2017. The list only includes taxa at the level of genus or species.

Crown group
In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor. It is thus a way of defining a clade, a group consisting of a species and all its extant or extinct descendants. For example, Neornithes (birds) can be defined as a crown group, which includes the most recent common ancestor of all modern birds, and all of its extant or extinct descendants.

The concept was developed by Willi Hennig, the formulator of phylogenetic systematics, as a way of classifying living organisms relative to their extinct relatives in his "Die Stammesgeschichte der Insekten",
and the "crown" and "stem" group terminology was coined by R. P. S. Jefferies in 1979. Though formulated in the 1970s, the term was not commonly used until its reintroduction in 2000 by Graham Budd and Sören Jensen.
Gregson Hot Springs
Gregson Hot Springs also known as Fairmont Hot Springs, is a geothermal hot spring system located in Silver Bow County, Montana. Over the years the mineral-rich hot spring water was thought to relieve rheumatism and arthritis among other ailments.

Silver Bow County, Montana
Silver Bow County is a county in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 35,133. Its county seat is Butte. In 1977, the city and county governments consolidated to form the single entity of Butte-Silver Bow. Additionally, the town of Walkerville is a separate municipality from Butte and is within the county.

Silver Bow County comprises the Butte-Silver Bow, MT Micropolitan Statistical Area.
William Stevenson (colonial administrator)
Sir William Stevenson KCB (1805 – 9 February 1863) was a Jamaican-born British colonial administrator who served as the 9th Governor of Mauritius from 20 September 1857 to  9 January 1863.

He was born to one of the oldest English families on Jamaica. He was the son of William James Stevenson of Kingston. His mother (née James) was descended from Colonel Richard James, who was the first person born of English parents in British Jamaica. Stevenson's grandmother (née Lawrence) was descended from Henry Lawrence, President of Cromwell's Council of State, whose son founded a plantation in Jamaica in the 17th century.

Stevenson was a barrister. He first served as superintendent of British Honduras from 1854–1857 before being appointed Governor of Mauritius in May 1857.

He was invested as a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in 1862.

English Council of State
The English Council of State, later also known as the Protector's Privy Council, was first appointed by the Rump Parliament on 14 February 1649 after the execution of King Charles I.

Charles's execution on 30 January was delayed for several hours so that the House of Commons could pass an emergency bill to declare the representatives of the people, the House of Commons, as the source of all just power and to make it an offence to proclaim a new King. This in effect abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords.
Reno-Sparks Convention Center
The Reno-Sparks Convention Center is a convention center in the western United States, located in Reno, Nevada. Opened 61 years ago in 1965 as Centennial Coliseum, it hosted the Big Sky Conference basketball tournament in 1983, and also hosts boxing matches. In 2021 the convention center will host the Legion Sports Fest, the largest fitness and bodybuilding event in the West.

Southwest of the airport, its elevation at street level is approximately 4,450 feet (1,355 m) above sea level.

Convention center
A convention center (American English; or conference centre in British English) is a large building that is designed to hold a convention, where individuals and groups gather to promote and share common interests. Convention centers typically offer sufficient floor area to accommodate several thousand attendees. Very large venues, suitable for major trade shows, are sometimes known as exhibition halls. Convention centers typically have at least one auditorium and may also contain concert halls, lecture halls, meeting rooms, and conference rooms. Some large resort area hotels include a convention center.

In Francophone countries, the term is palais des congrès (such as the Palais des Congrès de Paris) or centre des congrès (such as the Centre des congrès de Quebec).
2008 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship
The 2008 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship was the 4th edition of the CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship, the biennial international youth football championship organised by CONCACAF for the women's under-20 national teams of the North, Central American and Caribbean region. The top three sides also earned qualification to the 2008 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup.

The tournament was held from June 17 to June 28, 2008. It featured eight teams and was played entirely at the Estadio Cuauhtémoc in Puebla City, Mexico. The tournament was won by Canada, who defeated the United States in the final by a score of 1–0. Mexico secured the final qualification spot by defeating Costa Rica in the third-place match.

Estadio Cuauhtémoc
Estadio Cuauhtémoc is a football stadium in Puebla City, Mexico. It is the home of Club Puebla   . It is currently the fourth-biggest football stadium in Mexico by capacity. The stadium hosted games in the 1970 FIFA World Cup and the 1986 FIFA World Cup. From November 2014 – 2015, the stadium went through massive renovations.

As of November 2015, Cuauhtémoc Stadium is considered to be an innovation in textile design and sports architecture in Mexico, since it is the first and only stadium in Latin America to have a façade totally covered with ETFE.
Lhachen Utpala
Lhachen Utpala (c. 1080–1110) was an early ruler of Ladakh. He is mentioned in the Ladakhi Chronicles as is his advancement upon the Tibetan territory of Kulu. He expanded his kingdom up to the realms of Purang and Mustang in present-day Nepal.

Ladakh Chronicles
The Ladakh Chronicles, or La-dvags-rgyal-rabs (Tibetan: ལ་དྭགས་རྒྱལ་རབས, Wylie: La dwags rgyal rabs), is a historical work that covers the history of Ladakh from the beginnings of the first Tibetan dynasty of Ladakh until the end of the Namgyal dynasty. The chronicles were compiled by the Namgyal dynasty, mostly during the 17th century, and are considered the primary written source for Ladakhi history.: 17 : 1, 3 : 7

It remains one of only two surviving pre-19th century literary sources from Ladakh. Only seven original manuscripts of the chronicles are known to have existed, of which two survive today.
Otto Fuhrmann
Otto Fuhrmann (1 April 1871 in Basel – 27 January 1945) was a Swiss parasitologist who specialized in the field of helminthology.

He studied at the University of Basel as a pupil of Ludwig Ruetimeyer and Friedrich Zschokke. He then continued his education at Geneva, where he was persuaded by zoologist Carl Vogt to focus his studies on parasitic flatworms. In 1894 he received his doctorate with the thesis "Die Turbellarien der Umgebung von Basel", and following a stint as an assistant at the University of Geneva, he relocated to the University of Neuchâtel, where from 1895 to 1941 he taught classes in comparative anatomy and zoology.

He is credited with introducing a new classification schema for Cyclophyllidea (order of tapeworms), in which the order was divided into ten families with eight subfamilies — of its 66 total genera, 20 were new to science. The frog Cryptobatrachus fuhrmanni (Fuhrmann's backpack frog) was named in his honor by Mario Giacinto Peracca.

Cryptobatrachus
Cryptobatrachus is a genus of frogs in the family Hemiphractidae. They are found in Colombia and Venezuela. They are also known as backpack frogs, as the females have the habit of carrying their egg clutch on their backs until the young hatch; this behavior also occurs in the related hemiphractid genera Hemiphractus and Stefania.
Jørgen Haugen Sørensen
Jørgen Haugen Sørensen (Danish pronunciation: [ˈjɶɐ̯ˀn̩ ˈhɑwkn̩ ˈsɶɐ̯ˀn̩sn̩]; 3 October 1934 – 18 November 2021) was one of Denmark's most eminent sculptors. He had his artistic debut at the acclaimed and prestigious Spring Exhibition (Forårsudstillingen) at Kunsthal Charlottenborg, Copenhagen in 1953. Haugen Sørensen was a member of the artistic union Decembristerne and the artist collective Grønningen, as well as Veksølund in Denmark.

The post-war and contemporary sculptor has been hailed as the greatest Danish sculptor since Bertel Thorvaldsen. He received several important distinctions for his works through the years, such as the Eckerberg Medal in 1969 and the Thorvaldsen Medal in 1979. In 1958 he was selected to represent Denmark at the Biennale di Venezia. Sørensen's sculptures have been placed all around the world.

Yorkshire Sculpture Park
The Yorkshire Sculpture Park (YSP) is an art gallery, with both open-air and indoor exhibition spaces, in West Bretton, Wakefield, in West Yorkshire, England. It shows work by British and international artists, including Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth. The sculpture park occupies the 500-acre (200-hectare) parkland of Bretton Hall.
Ren Junfei
Ren Junfei (born February 4, 1990) is a Chinese former professional basketball player who played for the Guangdong Southern Tigers of the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA).

He represented China's national basketball team at the 2017 FIBA Asia Cup in Zouk Mikael, Lebanon, where he recorded most minutes and steals for China.

Ren was included in China's squad for the 2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup qualification.

Guangdong Southern Tigers
Guangdong Hongyuan Southern Tigers (Chinese: 广东宏远华南虎) or Guangdong Southern Tigers, formerly known as Guangdong Dongguan Bank (Chinese: 广东东莞银行) for sponsorship reasons, are a Chinese professional basketball team owned by the Guangdong Winnerway (Hongyuan) Group. The team is one of the best-performing teams in the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA). The Tigers have won eleven CBA titles, more than any other team in the league. They are also the only team to have qualified for the CBA playoffs in every season since the league launched in 1995. The team plays its home games in Dongguan, Guangdong. Occasionally, for marketing purposes, the team plays some of its home games in Zhongshan, Zhuhai, and other cities in the Pearl River Delta.

Their arch-rivals in the CBA have traditionally been the Beijing Ducks.
Islam in Cameroon
In Cameroon, Islam is a minority faith practiced by around 30.6% of the total population as of 2022. Among Cameroonian Muslims, approximately 40% identify themselves as Non-denominational, 27% Sunni, 2% Ahmadi and 3% Shia, while the majority of the rest do not associate themselves with a particular group and sect.

In Cameroon, 48% of Muslims belong to a Sufi Tariqah (order). The Fulani, a pastoral nomadic group, spread Islam in early 19th century West Africa largely through commercial activity and Sufi brotherhoods (Qadiri and Tijani). In the northern provinces, the locally dominant Fulani is overwhelmingly Muslim. Other ethnic groups, known collectively as the Kirdi, generally practice some form of Islam. The Bamoun ethnic group of the West Province is also largely Muslim.

Bamum people
The Bamum, sometimes called Bamoum, Bamun, Bamoun, or Mum, are a Grassfields ethnic group located in Cameroon. In 2018, the Bamum and Bamileke peoples accounted for about 24% of the country's population. The Kingdom of Bamum covers approximately 7,300 km.: 70  The Kingdom of Bamum was surrounded to the north by the territory of Cameroon, from the west and south-west the kingdom's boundary touches the River Nun while the Rivers Mape and the Mbam surround it to the east.: 38

Climate in the Kingdom consists of two seasons: a long rainy season, and a short dry season. This is mainly due to its location between a forest zone in the south and a tropical savannah grassland in the north. The length of the two seasons last for irregular time lengths.: 71
J. T. "Blondy" Black
John Thomas "Blondy" Black (August 20, 1920–May 4, 2000) was an American professional football player. He played college football for the Mississippi State Bulldogs. He was drafted by the Brooklyn Dodgers baseball team, served in the military, was drafted by the Buffalo Bills but did not play for them during the regular season. In 1947 he played in five games for the Baltimore Colts.

While serving in the military during World War II, Black played professional football under the assumed name of Mike Matiza. In 1946, he played for the Buffalo Bisons, and in 1947 for the Baltimore Colts.

Mississippi State Bulldogs football
The Mississippi State Bulldogs football program represents Mississippi State University in the sport of American football. The Bulldogs compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as well as the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They also have won one SEC championship in 1941 and a division championship in 1998. The Bulldogs have 27 postseason bowl appearances. The program has produced 38 All-Americans (three consensus), 171 All-SEC selections, and 124 NFL players (11 first-round draft picks). The Bulldogs’ home stadium, Davis Wade Stadium at Scott Field, is the second oldest in the NCAA Division I FBS.
2023 Basque foral elections
The 2023 Basque foral elections was held on Sunday, 28 May 2023 to elect the 12th General Assemblies of Álava, Biscay and Gipuzkoa. All 153 seats in the three General Assemblies were up for election. They were held concurrently with regional elections in twelve autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain.

Biscay
Biscay (/ˈbɪskeɪ, ˈbɪski/ BISK-ay, BISK-ee; Basque: Bizkaia [bis̻kai.a]; Spanish: Vizcaya [biθˈkaʝa]) is a province of the Basque Autonomous Community, heir of the ancient Lordship of Biscay, lying on the south shore of the eponymous bay. The capital and largest city is Bilbao.

Biscay is one of the most renowned and prosperous provinces of Spain, historically a major trading hub in the Atlantic Ocean since medieval times and, later on, one of the largest industrial and financial centers of the Iberian Peninsula. Since the extensive deindustrialization that took place throughout the 1970s, the economy has come to rely more on the services sector.
North Carolina Highway 33
North Carolina Highway 33 (NC 33) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Spanning a distance of 110 miles (180 km), the east–west route passes through many small towns and communities in Eastern North Carolina's Inner Banks. It bypasses a large portion of the cities of Rocky Mount and Greenville, and goes through central Tarboro.

Inner Banks
The Inner Banks are the inland coastal region of eastern North Carolina. Without historical precedent, the term "Inner Banks" is an early 21st-century construct that is part of an attempt to rebrand the mostly agrarian Coastal Plains east of I-95 as a more attractive region for visitors and retirees.
Sela pri Dobovi
Sela pri Dobovi (pronounced [ˈseːla pɾi ˈdoːbɔʋi]) is a settlement northwest of Dobova in the Municipality of Brežice in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

Lower Sava Statistical Region
The Lower Sava Statistical Region (Slovene: posavska statistična regija; until December 31, 2014 spodnjeposavska statistična regija) is a statistical region in Slovenia. It has good traffic accessibility and is located in the Sava and Krka Valleys, with hilly areas with vineyards and an abundance of water. It is the second-smallest statistical region in Slovenia. The only nuclear power plant in the country and Čatež spa are located in the region. The region annually spends EUR 22 million on environmental protection. In 2013, the employment rate in the region was 57.5%. The region was characterized by the largest difference between the employment rate for men and for women (for men it was 12 percentage points higher than for women). In 2013 this region also stood out in number of convicted persons per 1,000 population (8.3).