hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jack Potts
John Maxwell Potts (21 February 1936 — 1 June 2023) was an Australian rugby union international.

Potts, a Waverley College product, played rugby for Sydney University while studying law and in 1956 was a member of the Australian Universities team that toured Japan.

A tall centre who had a high striding gait, Potts was capped five times for the Wallabies, beginning with two Tests against the visiting All Blacks in 1957. He gained a further two caps on the 1957–58 tour of Britain, Ireland and France, then in 1959 played against the British Lions in Brisbane.

Potts was the first-grade coach of Sydney University in 1975.

Shute Shield
The Shute Shield, currently known as the Charter Hall Shute Shield, is a semi-professional rugby union competition in the Australian city of Sydney. It is the premier club competition in the state of New South Wales. Established in 1874, the competition has been known as the Shute Shield since 1923. The naming was after a trophy Sydney University had made in honour of Robert Elliot Shute, a World War I veteran and Sydney University player who died after being tackled during a match in 1922. The trophy was donated to the New South Wales Rugby Football Union (NSWRFU).
Erdoğan Arıca
Erdoğan Arıca (24 July 1954 – 10 April 2012) was a UEFA Pro Licensed Turkish football manager and coach. As a footballer, he played defender. He was also the brother of the singer Soner Arıca and the nephew of Kadir İnanır.

UEFA coaching licences
The UEFA coaching licences are documents testifying credentials of managers/ coaches among members of UEFA. The governing body for football in Europe mandates several licences, each valid for coaching at a certain level. These include the UEFA Pro Licence, the UEFA A Licence, the UEFA B Licence and UEFA C Licence. They are issued by each UEFA member state's football federation and are valid for three years.
Chari-Baguirmi (province)
11°24′N 16°10′E﻿ / ﻿11.400°N 16.167°E﻿ / 11.400; 16.167

Chari-Baguirmi (Arabic: شاري باقرمي) is one of the 23 provinces of Chad. Its capital is Massenya. It is composed of part of the former Chari-Baguirmi Prefecture (sub-prefectures of Massenya and Bousso) and parts of the sub-prefecture of N'Djamena).

Prefectures of Chad
Chad was divided into 14 prefectures from 1960, the year of independence, to 1999, when the country was divided in 28 departments. A further reorganisation in 2002 divided the country into 18 regions. As of 2024, the country was divided into 23 provinces.

NB : Alphabetic order
Birgittas udde
58°33′55″N 15°08′06″E﻿ / ﻿58.56520°N 15.13505°E﻿ / 58.56520; 15.13505

Birgittas udde ("Birgitta's Point") is situated on the south shore of lake Boren, Motala, Sweden. Medieval ruins of the Ulvåsa Manor House where St Birgitta lived most of her life. Next to the point, lies the modern Ulvåsa Castle.

Bridget of Sweden
Bridget of Sweden, OSsS (c. 1304 – 23 July 1373), also known as Birgitta Birgersdotter and Birgitta of Vadstena (Swedish: heliga Birgitta), was a Swedish Catholic mystic and the founder of the Bridgettines. Outside Sweden, she was also known as the Princess of Nericia and was the mother of Catherine of Vadstena.

Bridget is one of the six patron saints of Europe, together with Benedict of Nursia, Cyril and Methodius, Catherine of Siena and Teresa Benedicta of the Cross.
Ken Lukyamuzi
John Ken Lukyamuzi, commonly known as Ken Lukyamuzi, is a Ugandan politician and lawyer, who is the leader of the Conservative Party of Uganda. He served in the 7th parliament (2001–2006) as the elected representative for Lubaga South (Rubaga South) Constituency. He represented the same constituency in the 9th parliament (2011–2016).

Parliament of Uganda
The Parliament of Uganda is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Uganda. One of its primary functions is to pass laws that support effective governance in the country. Government ministers are required to answer to the people's representatives on the floor of the house and may be appointed from amongst its members.

Through the various parliamentary committees, parliament scrutinises government programmes, particularly as outlined in the State of the Nation address by the president. Fiscal matters, such as taxation and loans, require parliamentary approval after appropriate debate.Parliament also holds the authority to confirm certain presidential nominations and, through a motion of censure, may compel a Minister to resign.
Charles Washington
Charles Washington (May 2, 1738 – September 16, 1799) was an American planter and politician who founded a town in the Shenandoah Valley that was named Charles Town in his honor shortly after his death and that of his eldest brother, George Washington.

Shenandoah Valley
The Shenandoah Valley (/ˌʃɛnənˈdoʊə/) is a geographic valley and cultural region of western Virginia and the eastern panhandle of West Virginia in the United States. The Valley is bounded to the east by the Blue Ridge Mountains, to the west by the eastern front of the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians (excluding Massanutten Mountain), to the north by the Potomac River, to the south by the James River, and to the Southwest by the New River Valley. The cultural region covers a larger area that includes all of the Valley plus the Virginia Highlands to the west and the Roanoke Valley to the south. It is physiographically located within the Ridge and Valley Province and is a portion of the Great Appalachian Valley.
Suzanne Morrow Francis
Suzanne Morrow Francis (December 14, 1930 – June 11, 2006) was a Canadian figure skater and veterinarian. She competed in Ladies' Singles in the 1948 and 1952 Winter Olympics. Between 1947 and 1948, Francis competed in Pairs Mixed competitions with Canadian figure skater Wallace Diestelmeyer. Together they won the bronze medal at the 1948 Winter Olympics and the 1948 World Figure Skating Championships. They were the first pair team to perform the death spiral one-handed, with the man holding the woman in position with one hand, at the 1948 Olympic Games.

1948 World Figure Skating Championships
The World Figure Skating Championships is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which figure skaters compete for the title of World Champion.

The 1948 competitions for men, ladies, and pair skating took place from February 11 to 15 in Davos, Switzerland. These were the second World Figure Skating Championships after World War II. Skaters from Germany and Japan were still not allowed to compete.
Petronella de la Court
Petronella de la Court (24 August 1624 - 22 March 1707) was a Dutch art collector.

De la Court married her cousin, the silk merchant Adam Oortmans, on 24-8-1649 in Leiden, and they had 10 children together. They lived in the Stilsteeg. In 1657 the couple Oortmans-De la Court bought the brewery "De Zwaan" on the Singel in Amsterdam, located where the Bungehuis is situated today.

She is best known for her dollhouse, currently in the collection of the Centraal Museum, Utrecht.

Singel
The Singel (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈsɪ.ŋəl] ⓘ) is one of the canals of Amsterdam. The Singel encircled Amsterdam in the Middle Ages, serving as a moat around the city until 1585, when Amsterdam expanded beyond the Singel. The canal runs from the IJ bay, near the Central Station, to the Muntplein square, where it meets the Amstel river. It is now the inner-most canal in Amsterdam's semicircular ring of canals.

The canal should not be confused with the Singelgracht, which became the outer limit of the city during the Dutch Golden Age in the 17th century. Other Dutch towns also have ring-shaped canals named Singel. The name is related to the Dutch word omsingelen, "to surround", and comes ultimately from Latin cingulum, meaning "belt".
Hald Manor
Hald Manor (Danish: Hald Hovedgård) is located 7 km south-west of Viborg, Denmark. Now owned by the Danish state, it is used as a venue for meetings and conferences.

Hald Manor is a single storey building with a 3-storey central section, originally built as a gatehouse in 1798. The two pavilions in the park were probably built in 1795.

Viborg, Denmark
Viborg (Danish pronunciation: [ˈviˌpɒˀ] ⓘ) is a city in central Jutland, Denmark, the capital of both Viborg municipality and Region Midtjylland. Viborg is also the seat of the Western High Court, the High Court for the Jutland peninsula. Viborg Municipality is the second-largest Danish municipality, covering 3.3% of the country's total land area.
Cut (gems)
A gemstone desired to be used in jewelry is cut, carved or made into a bead. The best quality rough is cut, also often referred to as faceting. This is done by a lapidary who decides how to reshape the gemstone using knowledge of the refractive index of gemstones to maximise any particular crystal's colour or play of light. As a general rule, a cut gemstone will be reduced in mass (in carats) by about 50%.

Among the several techniques used to work with gemstones are sawing, grinding, sanding, lapping, polishing, grilling, and tumbling. The diamond cut planning stage is a complex process that requires the cutter to work with unique rough stones. Very often, the location of the inclusions in a rough stone will determine the type of shape to which a diamond may be cut. For economic reasons, most diamonds are cut to retain weight instead of maximizing brilliance. How diamonds have been cut has evolved over time largely to technological advances.

Polishing
Polishing is the process of creating a smooth and shiny surface by rubbing it or by applying a chemical treatment, leaving a clean surface with a significant specular reflection (still limited by the index of refraction of the material according to the Fresnel equations). In some materials (such as metals, glasses, black or transparent stones), polishing  is also able to reduce diffuse reflection to minimal values.

When an unpolished surface is  magnified thousands of times, it usually looks like a succession of mountains and valleys. By repeated abrasion, those "mountains" are worn down until they are flat or just small "hills". The process of polishing with abrasives starts with a coarse grain size and gradually proceeds to the finer ones to efficiently flatten the surface imperfections and to obtain optimal results.
Ñuflo de Chávez Province
Ñuflo de Chávez is one of the fifteen provinces of the Bolivian Santa Cruz Department and is situated in the northern and central parts of the department. The name of the province honors the conquistador Ñuflo de Chaves (1518–1556) who founded the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Its capital is  Concepción. The province was created by law of September 16, 1915, during  the presidency of Ismael Montes. Originally it was part of the Chiquitos Province.

Santa Cruz Department
Santa Cruz (Spanish pronunciation: [ˌsanta ˈkɾus]) is the largest of the nine constituent departments of Bolivia, occupying about one-third (33.74%) of the country's territory. With an area of 370,621 km2 (143,098 sq mi), it is slightly smaller than Japan or the US state of Montana. It is located in the eastern part of the country, sharing borders in the north and east with Brazil and with Paraguay in the south.

In the 2024 census, it had an estimated population of 3.1 million, making it the most populated department. Its capital city is Santa Cruz de la Sierra. The department is one of the wealthiest departments in Bolivia, with huge reserves of natural gas. Besides, it has experienced the highest increase of economic growth during the last 50 years in Bolivia and South America.
William Hugh McDowell
William Hugh McDowell (December 31, 1846 – May 15, 1864) was one of the VMI Cadets killed at the Battle of New Market. He entered VMI on August 22, 1863.  He was shot in the heart. In the battle, Cabell and Stanard were wounded by the same burst of fire.

McDowell was born on December 31, 1846, in Beattie's Ford, North Carolina to Robert Irvin McDowell and Rebecca Brevard.

Battle of New Market
The Battle of New Market was fought on May 15, 1864, in Virginia during the Valley Campaigns of 1864 in the American Civil War. A makeshift Confederate army of 4,100 men defeated the larger Army of the Shenandoah under Major General Franz Sigel, delaying the capture of Staunton by several weeks.

The battle is primarily remembered today for being the only time in American history a school's student body was used as an organized combat unit. (see also Battle of Natural Bridge) During the battle Confederate general John C. Breckinridge ordered cadets from the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), averaging 18 years of age but with several child soldiers no older than 15, to join an attack on the Union lines. The event is central to the Institute's history and heritage.
Dirina astridae
Dirina astridae is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Roccellaceae. Found in Mauritius, it was formally described as a new species in 2013 by Anders Tehler. The type specimen was collected by the author from the peak of Signal Mountain in Port Louis. The species epithet astridae refers to Tehler's daughter Astrid, "who led the way to this species on a joint field trip to Mauritius".

Dirina astridae is endemic to the Mascarene Islands, where it grows on acidic or volcanic rock. It contains the lichen products erythrin and lecanoric acid, as well as a few unidentified substances. The expected results for chemical spot tests are thallus surface C+ (red), medulla C−, and apothecial disc C+ (red).

Port Louis
Port Louis (French: Port-Louis, [pɔʁ lwi] ⓘ; Mauritian Creole: Porlwi, [poːlwi]) is the capital and most populous city of Mauritius, mainly located in the Port Louis District, with a small western part in the Black River District. Port Louis is the country's financial and political centre. It is administered by the Municipal City Council of Port Louis. According to the 2018 census conducted by Statistics Mauritius, the population was 147,066.
Federico Caprilli
Captain Federico Caprilli (8 April 1868 - 6 December 1907) was an Italian cavalry officer and equestrian who revolutionized the jumping seat. His position, now called the "forward seat," formed the modern-day technique used by all jumping riders today.

Horse jumping obstacles
Many types of obstacles are found in competitive horse jumping sports such as show jumping, hunter classes, and the cross-country phase of eventing. The size and type of obstacles vary depending on the course designer and the expected difficulty level of a particular competition. Horses will need to negotiate many types of obstacles in order to be successful in jumping sports.

Fences used in show jumping are often brightly colored and artistically designed, while hunter and eventing fences are generally made to look rustic and natural. Show jumping and hunter obstacles are constructed to fall down if struck by the horse, whereas eventing obstacles have traditionally been solidly built—though to prevent dangerous rotational falls, certain elements are now being designed to break away when hit.
Dag Aabye
Dag Aabye (born 1941) is an endurance runner known for competing in the 125-kilometer Canadian Death Race, held yearly in August in Grande Cache, Alberta. The race is extremely grueling, with over 17,000 feet of climbing. He is also known for his reclusive lifestyle, as he lives in a renovated bus not far from Silverstar Road in British Columbia, Canada. In 2018, filmmakers Justin Pelletier and Adam Maruniak released a documentary on him entitled Never Die Easy: The Dag Aabye Story. A book-length profile of Aabye by Brett Poppelwell, "Outsider," was published in 2023.

Grande Cache
Grande Cache is a hamlet in West-Central Alberta, Canada within and administered by the Municipal District of Greenview No. 16. It is located on Highway 40 approximately 145 kilometres (90 mi) northwest of Hinton and 435 kilometres (270 mi) west of Edmonton. Grande Cache overlooks the Smoky River, is at the northern edge of Alberta's Rockies, and serves as a gateway to the Willmore Wilderness Park. The hamlet held town status prior to 2019.
Rivotorto
Rivotorto is a frazione of the comune of Assisi in the Province of Perugia, Umbria, central Italy. It stands at an elevation of 211 m (692 ft) above sea level. At the time of the Istat census of 2001 it had 1284 inhabitants.  The name comes from a small river that flows through the frazione. In the Umbrian dialect, rivo means 'stream'.

Province of Perugia
The province of Perugia (Italian: provincia di Perugia) is the larger of the two provinces in the Umbria region of Italy, comprising two-thirds of both the area and population of the region. Its capital is the city of Perugia. The province covered all of Umbria until 1927, when the province of Terni was carved out of its southern third. The province of Perugia has an area of 6,337 km2 and a total population of 636,531 as of 2025, covering about two-thirds of Umbria. It has 59 municipalities.

The province has numerous tourist attractions, especially artistic and historical ones, and is home to the Lake Trasimeno, the largest lake of Central Italy. It is historically the ancestral origin of the Umbri, while later it was a Roman province and then part of the Papal States until the late 19th century.
The Death of Seneca
The Death of Seneca is a 1773 oil-on-canvas painting by the French artist Jacques-Louis David, now at the Petit Palais in Paris. It shows the suicide of Seneca the Younger. With its Boucher-like assembly of gesticulating figures, it was his third attempt to win the Prix de Rome, but lost to a painting on the same subject by Pierre Peyron. Peyron's had fewer details and a darker colour palette and was closer to the 'antique'. He was not only David's rival, but also initiated the new classicism which partly inspired David to produce his 1774 Erasistratus Discovering the Cause of Antiochus' Disease.

Prix de Rome
The Prix de Rome (pronounced [pʁi də ʁɔm]) or Grand Prix de Rome was a French scholarship for arts students, initially for painters and sculptors, that was established in 1663 during the reign of Louis XIV of France. Winners were awarded a bursary that allowed them to stay in Rome for three to five years at the expense of the state. The prize was extended to architecture in 1720, music in 1803 and engraving in 1804. The prestigious award was abolished in 1968 by André Malraux, then Minister of Culture, following the May 68 riots that called for cultural change.
Daniel A. Reed (computer scientist)
Daniel A. Reed is a computer scientist who is the provost of the University of Utah. He is current Chair of the National Science Board and was previously vice-president for research at the University of Iowa.

Provost (education)
A provost is a senior academic administrator. At many institutions of higher education, the provost is the chief academic officer, a role that may be combined with being deputy to the chief executive officer. In some institutions, they may be the chief executive officer of a university, of a branch campus of a university, or of a college within a university.
Meshach Taylor
Meshach Taylor (/ˈmiːʃæk/; April 11, 1947 – June 28, 2014) was an American actor, widely known for his role as Anthony Bouvier on the CBS sitcom Designing Women (1986–93), for which he was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series. He was also known for his portrayal of Hollywood Montrose, a flamboyant window dresser in the 1987 film Mannequin and its 1991 sequel. He played Sheldon Baylor on the CBS sitcom Dave's World (1993–97), appeared as Tony on the NBC sitcom Buffalo Bill opposite Dabney Coleman, and appeared as the recurring character Alastair Wright, the social studies teacher (and later school principal) on the Nickelodeon sitcom Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide.

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series
This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series. In early Primetime Emmy Award ceremonies, the supporting categories were not always genre, or even gender, specific. Beginning with 1970, supporting actors in comedy have competed alone. However, these comedic performances often included actors from miniseries, telefilms, and guest performers competing against main cast competitors. Such instances are marked below:

# – Indicates a performance in a Miniseries or Television film, prior to the category's creation

§ – Indicates a performance as a guest performer, prior to the category's creation
Katsu (Zen)
Katsu (Chinese: 喝; Pinyin: hè, Wade-Giles: ho; Cantonese: hot3ⓘ, rōmaji: katsu) is a shout that is described in Chan and Zen Buddhism encounter-stories, to expose the enlightened state (Japanese: satori) of the Zen-master, and/or to induce initial enlightenment experience in a student. The shout is also sometimes used in the East Asian martial arts for a variety of purposes; in this context, katsu is very similar to the shout kiai.

Kiai
In Japanese martial arts a kiai (Japanese: 気合; /ˈkiːaɪ/) is a short shout uttered when performing an assault.

Traditional Japanese dojo generally uses single syllables beginning with a vowel. The practice has become a part of Asian martial arts in popular culture, especially in martial arts films, in writing often rendered in variants such as Hi-yah!, Aiyah!, Eeee-yah! or Hyah!. A kiai is usually not the word "kiai" itself.
Chaenomeles cathayensis
Chaenomeles cathayensis is a species of flowering plant in the rose family, Rosaceae. It is native to China, Bhutan, and Myanmar. In Chinese, its common name is mùguā hǎitáng (木瓜海棠) or máo yè mùguā (毛葉木瓜).

This is a thorny deciduous shrub or tree growing up to 6 meters tall. The leaves are pointed, often toothed, and oval to lance-shaped. They are woolly-haired on the undersides, at least when new. The pink or white bell-shaped flowers are up to 4 centimeters wide. The fruit is a fragrant yellow-red pome 6 or 7 centimeters wide. Its habitats include slopes, forest margins and roadsides.

The plant is cultivated.

Pome
In botany, a pome is a type of fruit produced by flowering plants in the subtribe Malinae of the family Rosaceae. Pomes consist of a central 'core' containing multiple small seeds, which is enveloped by a tough membrane and surrounded by an edible layer of flesh. Pome fruit trees are deciduous, and undergo a dormant winter period that requires cold temperatures to break dormancy in spring. Well-known pomes include the apple, pear, and quince.
Limburg Abbey
Limburg Abbey is a ruined abbey near Bad Dürkheim, at the edge of the Palatinate Forest in Germany. In the 9th century, the Salian Dukes from Worms built a fortress on the Linthberg as their family seat.

Salian dynasty
The Salian dynasty or Salic dynasty (German: Salier) was a dynasty in the High Middle Ages. The dynasty provided four kings of Germany (1024–1125), all of whom went on to be crowned Holy Roman emperors (1027–1125).

After the death of the last Ottonian emperor in 1024, the Kingdom of Germany and later the entire Holy Roman Empire passed to Conrad II, a Salian. He was followed by three more Salian rulers: Henry III, Henry IV, and Henry V. They established their monarchy as a major European power. The Salian dynasty developed a permanent administrative system based on a class of public officials answerable to the crown.
Sam Spiegel (actor)
Sam Hervé Spiegel is a French actor. He has appeared in both French and English language films, television series and plays. Also a voice-over artist and a writer of novels and children's books, Spiegel lives currently in England.

The Queen's Sister
The Queen's Sister is a 2005 British biographical drama television film directed by Simon Cellan Jones, written by Craig Warner, and starring Lucy Cohu as Princess Margaret, the younger sister of Queen Elizabeth II. Toby Stephens and David Threlfall also star.

The film is a semi-fictionalized account of Margaret's life from 1952 until the mid-1970s. It was produced by Touchpaper Television, part of the RDF Media Group, and was broadcast by Channel 4 on 27 November 2005. It has been released on DVD by BBC Video.