hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Plasma-powered cannon
A plasma cannon (also called an electrothermal accelerator) is an experimental projectile weapon, which accelerates a projectile by means of a plasma discharge between electrodes at the rear of the barrel, generating a rapid increase in pressure. It functions similarly to other types of firearms, except that it uses a plasma discharge instead of a chemical propellant (e.g. black powder or nitrocellulose).

Electrode
An electrode is an electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit (e.g. a semiconductor, an electrolyte, a vacuum or a gas). In electrochemical cells, electrodes are essential parts that can consist of a variety of materials (chemicals) depending on the type of cell.  An electrode may be called either a cathode or anode according to the direction of the electric current, unrelated to the potential difference between electrodes.

Michael Faraday coined the term "electrode" in 1833; the word recalls the Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron, "amber") and ὁδός (hodós, "path, way").

The electrophore, invented by Johan Wilcke in 1762, was an early version of an electrode used to study static electricity.
Pamphilioidea
The Pamphilioidea are a small superfamily within the Symphyta (the sawflies), containing some 250 living species restricted to the temperate regions of Eurasia and North America. These hymenopterans share the distinctive feature of a very large, almost prognathous head, which is widest ventrally.

The superfamily contains two extant families. The Pamphiliidae are the leaf-rolling or web-spinning sawflies such as Acantholyda, Neurotoma, and Pamphilius whose larvae eat plants such as conifers; the adults have simple filiform antennae. The Megalodontesidae include genera such as Megalodontes and several fossil groups. Their larvae eat herbaceous plants, while the adults have serrate or pectinate antennae.

Neurotoma
Neurotoma is a genus of insects belonging to the family Pamphiliidae.

The species of this genus are found in Europe, Southeastern Asia and North America.

Species:

Neurotoma atrata Takeuchi, 1930

Neurotoma coreana Shinohara, 1980

Neurotoma cremicolor Shinohara & Xiao, 2004

Neurotoma edwardi Liston, 1996

Neurotoma fasciata

Neurotoma gansuensis Shinohara & Roller, 2007

Neurotoma inconspicua

Neurotoma iridescens (André, 1882)

Neurotoma mandibularis Zaddach, 1866

Neurotoma saltuum Linnaeus, 1758

Neurotoma silla
Sport in Jordan
Sport in Jordan is a key part of the country's culture. Three sports cities in Amman, Irbid and Zarqa, as well as thirteen sports complexes all around Jordan are dedicated to the youth and their participation in sports, providing a positive impact on Jordan's participation in Arab, regional and international competitions. That is especially the case in Jordan's most popular sports of football and basketball, where they participated in the most recent AFC Asian Cup final and the FIBA Basketball World Cup respectively.

Various other sports have positively contributed to the country's culture, such as martial arts and their mixed martial arts counterpart, horse riding, swimming, tennis, badminton, handball and volleyball. Rugby is also a sport growing in popularity.

Culture of Jordan
The culture of Jordan is based on Arabic and Islamic elements. Jordan stands at the intersection of the three continents of the ancient world, lending it geographic and population diversity. Notable aspects of the culture include the traditional music and clothing of Jordan and interest in sports. These include football and basketball as well as other sports such as equestrianism, fencing, karate, swimming, and table tennis.
Caitlin O'Keefe
Caitlin O'Keefe (born 16 December 1996) is an English cricketer who plays as an all-rounder, batting right-handed bowling and right-arm off break. She played for Devon between 2010 and 2018 and in 2021, and played for Western Storm in the 2016 Women's Cricket Super League.

All-rounder
An all-rounder is a cricketer who regularly performs well at both batting and bowling. Although all bowlers must bat and quite a handful of batsmen do bowl occasionally, most players are skilled in only one of the two disciplines and are considered specialists. Some wicket-keepers have the skills of a specialist batter and have been referred to as all-rounders, but the term wicket-keeper-batter is more commonly applied to them, even if they are substitute wicket keepers who also bowl.
Matshidiso Moeti
Matshidiso Rebecca Natalie Moeti is a Motswana physician, public health specialist and medical administrator who served as Regional Director of the World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa (AFRO), headquartered in Brazzaville, the Republic of the Congo, from February 2015 to February 2025.

Brazzaville
Brazzaville (French pronunciation: [bʁazavil]) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of the Congo. Administratively, it is a department and a commune. Constituting the financial and administrative centre of the country, it is located on the north side of the Congo River, opposite Kinshasa, the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo).

The population of the capital is estimated to exceed 2.1 million residents, comprising more than a third of the national populace. Some 40% are employed in non-agricultural professions. During World War II, Brazzaville served as the de facto capital of Free France between 1940 and 1942.

In 2013, Brazzaville was designated a City of Music by UNESCO; since then it has also been a member of the Creative Cities Network.
Pengiran Muda Abdul Fattaah
Abdul Fattaah ibni Mohamed Bolkiah (born 8 March 1982) is a member of the royal family of Brunei. He is the second son and fourth children of Prince Mohamed Bolkiah by his first wife, Pengiran Anak Hajah Zariah, thus making him a prince of Brunei, and the nephew of Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah. Notably, he is the chairman of Baiduri Bank's board of directors. In addition, Abdul Fattah serves as a director for a variety of well-known Brunei businesses that are involved in facilities management, hospitality, business services, and real estate development.

Hospitality
Hospitality is the relationship of a host towards a guest, wherein the host receives the guest with some amount of goodwill and welcome. This includes the reception and entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers. Louis, chevalier de Jaucourt describes hospitality in the Encyclopédie as the virtue of a great soul that cares for the whole universe through the ties of humanity. Hospitality is also the way people treat others, for example in the service of welcoming and receiving guests in hotels. Hospitality plays a role in augmenting or decreasing the volume of sales of an organization.

Hospitality ethics is a discipline that studies this usage of hospitality.
Philip Gefter
Philip Gefter is an American cultural historian and the author of four books: Photography After Frank (2009), a book of essays; Wagstaff: Before and After Mapplethorpe (2014), the biography of Sam Wagstaff, for which he received the 2014 Marfield Prize, the national award for arts writing. What Becomes A Legend Most (2020), the biography of Richard Avedon; and Cocktails with George and Martha: Movies, Marriage, and the Making of Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (2024). He was on staff at The New York Times for over fifteen years, both as a picture editor and photography critic. He produced the 2011 documentary film, Bill Cunningham New York.

Richard Avedon
Richard Avedon (May 15, 1923 – October 1, 2004) was an American fashion and portrait photographer. He worked for Harper's Bazaar, Vogue and Elle specializing in capturing movement in still pictures of fashion, theater and dance. An obituary published in The New York Times said that "his fashion and portrait photographs helped define America's image of style, beauty and culture for the last half-century".
Steve Sanders (musician)
Steve Sanders (September 17, 1952 – June 10, 1998) was an American musician, singer, and songwriter. After playing rhythm guitar in the Oaks Band for several years, Sanders replaced William Lee Golden in the Oak Ridge Boys in 1987.

Bridges and Walls
"Bridges and Walls" is a song written by Roger Murrah and Randy VanWarmer, and recorded by the Oak Ridge Boys.  It was released in December 1988 as the second single from Monongahela.  It reached number 10 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles and Tracks chart.
Gretta Ray
Gretta Louise Ray (born 22 May 1998) is an Australian singer-songwriter from Melbourne, Victoria. In 2016, she was the winner of the national Triple J Unearthed radio competition for bands and songwriters, and the 2016 Vanda & Young Global Songwriting Competition, with her song "Drive". To date, Ray has released two studio albums – Begin to Look Around (2021) and Positive Spin (2023) – as well as the EPs Elsewhere (2016) and Here and Now (2018).

Originally making music reflective of indie folk influences, Ray came to embrace pop music as her primary genre with Begin to Look Around. Her songwriting has been described by the Sydney Morning Herald as "conversational, unambiguous lyrics" that "[come] across simply and powerfully", and by Australian music critic Bernard Zuel as "quietly grand pop".

APRA Awards (Australia)
The APRA Music Awards in Australia celebrate excellence in contemporary music, honoring songwriters and publishers who have achieved artistic excellence and outstanding success in their fields.

Several award ceremonies are run in Australia by the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) and Australasian Mechanical Copyright Owners Society (AMCOS). In addition to the APRA Music Awards, APRA AMCOS, in association with the Australian Music Centre, presents awards for classical music, jazz and improvised music, experimental music and sound art, known as the Art Music Awards. It also runs, in association with the Australian Guild of Screen Composers (AGSC), the Screen Music Awards, to acknowledge excellence in the field of screen composition.
Stan and Jan Berenstain
Stanley Melvin Berenstain (September 29, 1923 – November 26, 2005) and Janice Marian Berenstain (née Grant; July 26, 1923 – February 24, 2012) were American writers and illustrators best known for creating the children's book series The Berenstain Bears.

Both Stan and Jan were born and raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Jan attended Radnor High School in Radnor, Pennsylvania.  Stan was Jewish and Jan was an Episcopalian. They were married for 59 years until Stan's death in 2005.

Radnor, Pennsylvania
Radnor is a community which straddles Montgomery and Delaware Counties, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located approximately 13 miles west of Philadelphia, in the Main Line suburbs. The community was named after Radnor, in Wales.

Radnor is home to Cabrini University and a large office complex by the train station. The southern portion, by Lancaster Avenue, was rapidly commercialized in the 1980s, and it is currently one of suburban Philadelphia's premier office destinations.
2022 PDC World Cup of Darts
The 2022 PDC World Cup of Darts , known as the  2022 Cazoo World Cup of Darts for sponsorship reasons,was the twelfth edition of the PDC World Cup of Darts. It took place from 16 to 19 June 2022 at the Eissporthalle in Frankfurt, Germany.

Scotland (Peter Wright and John Henderson) were the defending champions, after beating Austria (Mensur Suljović and Rowby-John Rodriguez) 3–1 in the 2021 final. However, they lost 2–0 to England (Michael Smith and James Wade) in the quarter-finals.

Australia (Damon Heta and Simon Whitlock) won their first World Cup, beating Wales (Jonny Clayton and Gerwyn Price) 3–1 in the final. Whitlock and Heta dedicated their victory to fellow Australian player Kyle Anderson, who had died ten months earlier. Anderson had represented his country four times in the World Cup alongside Whitlock from 2016 to 2019.

For the first time in the tournament's history, the eight seeds all made it to the quarter-final stage.

Eissporthalle Frankfurt
Eissporthalle Frankfurt or Eissporthalle am Ratsweg is an arena in the Bornheim district of Frankfurt, Germany. It is used for ice hockey and is the home arena of Löwen Frankfurt. It is also used as an ice skating rink.

It has opened on 19 December 1981 and holds 6,946 people.
Petrovichi
Petrovichi (Russian: Петро́вичи) is a rural locality (a village) in Shumyachsky District of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located about 400 kilometers (250 mi) southwest of Moscow, 668 kilometers (415 mi) south of St Petersburg, 100 kilometers (62 mi) south of Smolensk, and 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) east of the border between Belarus and Russia. Its population in 1998 was 215.

The village is the birthplace of Isaac Asimov. Asimov left it at the age of three, with his parents and sister, emigrating to the United States. There is a stone memorial at the site of his birth.

Shumyachsky District
Shumyachsky District (Russian: Шумячский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-five in Smolensk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast and borders with Khislavichsky District in the north, Pochinkovsky District in the northwest, Roslavlsky District in the east, Yershichsky District in the southeast, Klimavichy District of Mogilev Region of Belarus in the south, and with Krychaw and Mstsislaw Districts, also of Mogilev Region, in the west. The area of the district is 1,367.70 square kilometers (528.07 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a settlement) of Shumyachi. Population: 10,713 (2010 Census);  14,032 (2002 Census); 17,678 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Shumyachi accounts for 39.5% of the district's total population.
Flavoplaca itiana
Flavoplaca itiana is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It has a thin, whitish crust that is often largely embedded in the rock, with yellow-orange to orange fruiting bodies typically 0.2–0.8 mm across. The species is known only from calcareous sandstone cliffs along the English Channel coast in the Boulonnais region of northern France, where it forms distinct zones just above the black Hydropunctaria maura belt. It closely resembles the Mediterranean species Flavoplaca navasiana but differs in having larger spores and occupying a higher position in the coastal zonation. The species was originally described as Caloplaca itiana in 2009 and transferred to Flavoplaca in 2023.

Paraphyses
Paraphyses are erect sterile filament-like support structures occurring among the reproductive apparatuses of fungi, ferns, bryophytes and some thallophytes.  The singular form of the word is paraphysis.

In certain fungi, they are part of the fertile spore-bearing layer. More specifically, paraphyses are sterile filamentous hyphal end cells composing part of the hymenium of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota interspersed among either the asci or basidia respectively, and not sufficiently differentiated to be called cystidia, which are specialized, swollen, often protruding cells.  The tips of paraphyses may contain the pigments which colour the hymenium.

In ferns and mosses, they are filament-like structures that are found on sporangia. They are found between clusters of archegonia and antheridia.
David Payne (politician)
David Payne (born January 12, 1944) is a diplomat and former politician. He is a former member of the National Assembly of Quebec, Canada, from the constituency of Vachon.  During his time in the National Assembly he was one of two anglophone MNAs within the Parti Québécois parliamentary caucus.

Payne was born and raised  in Middlesbrough, England in North Yorkshire.  He graduated with a degree in philosophy from the Pontifical Gregorian University and earned a diploma in sociology at the Université catholique de Louvain. His Doctoral studies (IP) are in the field of democratization in post-conflict societies.

Pontifical Gregorian University
Pontifical Gregorian University (Italian: Pontificia Università Gregoriana; also known as the Gregorian or Gregoriana), is a private pontifical university in Rome, Italy.

The Gregorian originated as a part of the Roman College, founded in 1551 by Ignatius of Loyola, and included all grades of schooling. Its chairs of philosophy and theology received Papal approval in 1556, making it the first institution founded by the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). In 1584, the Roman College was given a new home by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom it was renamed the Gregorian University. It had distinguished scholars in ecclesiastical fields as well as in natural science and mathematics. Only the theology and philosophy departments of the Gregorian survived the political turmoil in Italy after 1870.

Today the Gregorian has an international faculty and around 2750 students from over 150 countries.
James Audley, 2nd Baron Audley
James Audley, 2nd Baron Audley (8 January 1312/13 – 1 April 1386) of Heighley Castle, Staffordshire, was an English peer. He was the son and heir of Nicholas Audley, 1st Baron Audley (1289–1316) by his wife Joan Martin (died Feb. 1320 / 1 Aug. 1322), who was the daughter of William Martin (died 1324), feudal baron of Barnstaple (in Devon), and Marcher Lord of Kemes (in what later became Pembrokeshire). She was posthumously the eventual sole heiress of her brother William FitzMartin (died 1326) to Barnstaple and Kemes.

Cemais (Dyfed)
Cemais (sometimes spelled Kemes after one of the several variations found in Medieval orthography) was an ancient cantref of the Kingdom of Dyfed, from the 11th century a Norman Marcher Lordship, from the 16th century a Hundred, and is now part of Pembrokeshire, Wales. It occupied the coastal area between the Teifi estuary and Fishguard, and the northern and southern slopes of the Preseli Hills, covering an area of approximately 140 square miles (360 km2). The Afon Nyfer divided it into two commotes: Cemais Is Nyfer to the north and Cemais Uwch Nyfer to the south.: 25
2024 Città di Grado Tennis Cup – Doubles
Emily Appleton and Julia Lohoff were the defending champions but Lohoff chose not to participate. Appleton partnered alongside Amina Anshba, but lost in the semifinals to Jessie Aney and Lena Papadakis.

Aney and Papadakis won the title, defeating Yvonne Cavallé Reimers and Aurora Zantedeschi in the final, 6–4, 7–5.

Amina Anshba
Amina Vladikovna Anshba (Russian: Амина Владиковна Аншба; born 9 September 1999) is a Russian tennis player.

Anshba has career-high WTA rankings of 278 in singles and 71 in doubles, achieved August 2021 and July 2024, respectively. She has won two doubles titles on the WTA Challenger Tour along with five singles and 27 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.
2012–13 Georgian Cup
The 2012–13 Georgian Cup (also known as the David Kipiani Cup) is the sixty-ninth season overall and the twenty-third since independence of the Georgian annual football tournament. The competition began on 29 August 2012 and will end with the final in May 2013. The defending champions are Dila Gori, after winning their first ever Georgian Cup last season. The winner of the competition will qualify for the second qualifying round of the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League.

As Dila Gori, Zestaponi, Metalurgi Rustavi and Torpedo Kutaisi are participating in Europe, they will join the competition in the round of 16.

FC Torpedo Kutaisi
FC Torpedo Kutaisi (Georgian: საფეხბურთო კლუბი ტორპედო ქუთაისი) is a Georgian professional football club based in Kutaisi, Georgia's third largest city. The team competes in the Erovnuli Liga, the first tier of the national football league system.

Being the all-time second most successful Georgian club, Torpedo have been a regular member of the top division apart from three seasons in the late 2000s. They have won the national league four times, the Georgian Cup five times and the Super Cup three times.

Torpedo play their home games at the Ramaz Shengelia Stadium, known until 2015 as the Givi Kiladze stadium.
Fu Caishu
Fu Caishu (born 12 November 1967) is a Chinese former competitive figure skater. She is the 1986 Fujifilm Trophy silver medalist and 1986 Asian Winter Games bronze medalist. She competed at the 1982 and 1983 World Junior Championships. After retiring from competition, she became a skating coach. She taught Zhu Qiuying and Yang Zhixue in Harbin. She has also coached Jin Boyang.

1983 World Junior Figure Skating Championships
The 1983 World Junior Figure Skating Championships were held on December 14–19, 1982 in Sarajevo, SFR Yugoslavia. Commonly called "World Juniors" and "Junior Worlds", the event determined the World Junior champions in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.
Battle of Hawija
The Battle of Hawija was an offensive launched in September 2017 by the Iraqi Army, in order to recapture the town of Hawija and the surrounding areas from the Islamic State (IS).

The offensive was concurrent with the 2017 Central Syria campaign by the Syrian Army to capture IS territory towards Deir ez-Zor, as well as with the Raqqa campaign (2016–17) conducted by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) against IS's de facto capital city and stronghold in Syria.

Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)
The Raqqa campaign (codenamed Operation Wrath of Euphrates) was a military operation launched in November 2016 during the Rojava–Islamist conflict by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) against the Islamic State (IS) in the Raqqa Governorate, with the goal of isolating and eventually capturing the Islamic State's capital city, Raqqa. The SDF's subsidiary goals included capturing the Tabqa Dam, the nearby city of al-Thawrah, and the Mansoura Dam further downstream. The campaign ended successfully in October 2017, with the capture of the city of Raqqa.

The offensive was concurrent with the Battle of Sirte in Libya, the Battle of Mosul in Iraq, the Battle of al-Bab in the Aleppo Governorate, the Palmyra offensive, the reignition of fighting in Deir ez-Zor's siege, the Central Syria campaign, and the Mayadin offensive.
Private School League
The Private School League was a high school conference in northeastern Illinois. The conference participated in athletics and activities in the Illinois High School Association. The conference comprised 28 small private schools, with enrollments between 50 and 400 students, in Bureau, DuPage, Kane, Lake, LaSalle, McHenry, Will, and Winnebago counties.

Kane County, Illinois
Kane County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 516,522, making it the fifth-most populous county in Illinois. Its county seat is Geneva, and its largest city is Aurora. Kane County is one of the collar counties of the metropolitan statistical area designated "Chicago–Naperville–Elgin, IL–IN–WI" by the US census.
Lukáš Krejčík
Lukáš Krejčík (born October 15, 1990) is a Czech professional ice hockey player currently playing for LHK Jestřábi Prostějov in the Chance Liga.

He made his Czech Extraliga debut with BK Mladá Boleslav during the 2009–10 Czech Extraliga season. He also played for HC Bílí Tygři Liberec and PSG Berani Zlín.

Czech Extraliga
The Czech Extraliga (Czech: Extraliga ledního hokeje, ELH) is the highest-level ice hockey league in the Czech Republic. It was created in 1993 following the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia midway through the 1992–93 Czechoslovak Extraliga season (which all Slovak and Czech teams played to completion). The league's season usually takes place between September and April and features 14 teams.

Teams from the ELH participate in the IIHF's annual European tournament in the CHL. During the 2022–23 CHL season, the ELH was ranked the No. 5 league in Europe, allowing them to send their top three teams to compete in the CHL.