hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Russo-Crimean Wars
The Russo-Crimean Wars were fought between the forces of the Tsardom of Russia and the Crimean Khanate during the 16th century over the region around the Volga River.

In the 16th century, the Wild Steppes in Russia were exposed to the Khanate. During the wars, the Crimean Khanate (supported by the Ottoman army) invaded central Russia, devastated Ryazan, and burned Moscow. However, the next year they were defeated in the Battle of Molodi. Despite the defeat, the raids continued. As a result, the Crimean Khanate was invaded several times, and conquered in the late 18th century. The Tatars eventually lost their influence in the regions.

The raids began shortly after the establishment of the Russian buffer state, Qasim Khanate, and the domination of Russia in the Russo-Kazan Wars of the late 15th century.

Qasim Khanate
The Qasim Khanate (also called Qasimov, Kasimov, or Kasim), also known as the Tsardom of Kasimov (Russian: Касимовское царство), was a Tatar-ruled khanate which existed from 1452 until 1681 on the territory of the Russian state. It was located within modern-day Ryazan Oblast with its capital at Kasimov, in the middle course of the Oka River.

It was initially in the sphere of influence of the Grand Principality of Moscow and then was dependent on the Tsardom of Russia. The khanate was established in the lands which Grand Prince Vasily II of Moscow (r. 1425–1462) presented in 1452 to the Kazan prince Qasim Khan (d. 1469), son of the first Kazan khan Olug Moxammat.
Doña Clotilde
Doña Clotilde, known as La Bruja del 71 (transl. The Witch from Number 71), is a fictional character of the Mexican television sitcom series El Chavo del Ocho. An eccentric and flamboyant single woman, she is portrayed by Spanish-Mexican actress Angelines Fernández.

Fernández's character first appeared on the series in 1972 and was part of the main cast for almost all of it, leaving the series in 1991, one year before its end.

Casting (performing arts)
In the performing arts industry such as theatre, film, or television, casting, or a casting call, is a pre-production process for selecting a certain type of actor, dancer, singer, or extra to land the role of a character in a script, screenplay, or teleplay. This process may be used for a motion picture, television program, documentary film, music video, play, or advertisement intended for an audience.
Nogai alphabets
Nogai writing is a script used to write the Nogai language. During its existence, it has changed its graphic basis several times. Currently, the Nogai script functions in the Cyrillic alphabet. There are 4 stages in the history of Nogai writing:

before 1920s — unwritten; Kypchak and/or Chagatai was used instead with the Perso-Arabic script

1926-1928 — standardized Arabic script specific to Nogai language

1928—1938 — writing based on the Latin alphabet

from 1938 — writing based on the Cyrillic alphabet

Chagatai language
Chagatai (چغتای, Čaġatāy), also known as Turki, Eastern Turkic, or Chagatai Turkic (Čaġatāy türkīsi), is a Turkic language that was once widely spoken across Central Asia. It remained the shared literary language in the region until the early 20th century. It was used across a wide geographic area including western or Russian Turkestan (i.e. parts of modern-day Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan), Eastern Turkestan (where a dialect, known as Kaşğar tılı, developed), Crimea, the Volga region (such as Tatarstan and Bashkortostan), etc. Chagatai is the direct ancestor of the Uzbek and Uyghur languages. Kazakh and Turkmen, which are not within the Karluk branch but are in the Kipchak and Oghuz branches of the Turkic languages respectively, were nonetheless heavily influenced by Chagatai for centuries.

Ali-Shir Nava'i was the greatest representative of Chagatai literature.
First Van Cliburn International Piano Competition
The First Van Cliburn International Piano Competition took place in Fort Worth, Texas from September 24 to October 7, 1962. It was won by American pianist Ralph Votapek, while Soviets Nikolai Petrov and Mikhail Voskresensky earned the silver and bronze medals.

Mikhail Voskresensky
Mikhail Voskresensky (Russian: Михаи́л Серге́евич Воскресенский; born on June 25, 1935, in Berdiansk, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union) is a Russian pianist and music pedagogue who left Russia for the United States in 2022 protesting against Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Bokito, Cameroon
Bokito is a town located in the Mbam-et-Inoubou department of Centre Region of Cameroon. The town is situated approximately 20 km from Bafia, and consists of more than 10 villages: Assala, Bakoa, Begny, Bokaga, Bongando, Okolé, Kedia, Ossimb I, Ossimb II, Tchekos, Yorro, Tobagne and Omeng. The Yambassa are the town's primary ethnic group. Other groups include Lemandé (Tchekos) and Mma'ala (Omende, Yangben) in Bafia. The town has a sub-divisional health center known as CMA de Bokito, a library, a micro-finance bank, a western union, and a market that is active on Mondays. The town also has a public library, two high schools, and shops in and around the center of the town.

Centre Region (Cameroon)
The Centre Region (French: région du Centre) occupies 69,000 km2 of the central plains of the Republic of Cameroon. It is bordered to the north by the Adamawa Region, to the south by the South Region, to the east by the East Region, and to the West by the Littoral and West Regions. It is the second largest (after East Region) of Cameroon's regions in land area. Major ethnic groups include the Bassa, Ewondo, and Vute.

Yaoundé, capital of Cameroon, is at the heart of the Centre, drawing people from the rest of the country to live and work there. The Centre's towns are also important industrial centres, especially for timber. Agriculture is another important economic factor, especially with regard to the province's most important cash crop, cocoa. Outside of the capital and the plantation zones, most inhabitants are sustenance farmers.
Robin Duke
Robin Duke (born March 13, 1954) is a Canadian actress, comedian, and voice actress. Duke may be best known for her work on the television comedy series SCTV and, later, Saturday Night Live. She co-founded Women Fully Clothed, a sketch comedy troupe which toured Canada. She teaches writing as a faculty member at Humber College in Toronto and had a recurring role playing Wendy Kurtz in the sitcom Schitt's Creek.

Humber Polytechnic
The Humber College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning, rebranded as Humber Polytechnic since 2024, is a public college in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Founded in 1967, Humber has three main campuses and locations – the Humber North campus, the Lakeshore campus, and the International Graduate School. Today, Humber boasts over 200 programs, 86,000 full time students and 9,300 international students.
Maru Malarchi
Maru Malarchi (transl. Revival), also spelled as Marumalarchi, is a 1998 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by Bharathi and produced by Henry. The film stars Mammootty, Devayani, Ranjith and Mansoor Ali Khan, with Manorama, Kalabhavan Mani, R. Sundarrajan, Major Sundarrajan, Vivek and Pandu playing supporting roles. It was released on 14 January 1998 and become a huge success. The film was remade in Telugu as Suryudu, in Kannada as Soorappa, and in Hindi as Phool Aur Aag.

P. Pandu
P. Pandurangan, known as Pandu, (19 February 1947 – 6 May 2021) was an Indian Tamil actor and graphic designer who appeared in many comedy roles in Tamil cinema. He made his acting debut in the film Maanavan (1970).

A Doctor of Philosophy graduate in arts from France, he was also a visual artist who founded Capital Letters, a graphic designing company. He most notably designed the party symbol and logo of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. His brother Idichapuli Selvaraj had also previously appeared in films as a comedian.
Pat Piper (politician)
Patricia Kathryn "Pat" Piper (July 16, 1934 – January 31, 2016) was a Minnesota politician and member of the Minnesota Senate and the Minnesota House of Representatives. A member of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL), she represented District 27 in the Senate and 31B in the House, which includes portions of Freeborn and Mower counties in southern Minnesota. She was a religious education director, ecumenical resource center/consultant/teacher and workshop leader.

Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party
The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) is a political party in the U.S. state of Minnesota affiliated with the national Democratic Party. The party was formed by a merger between the Minnesota Democratic Party and the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party in 1944. The DFL is one of two state Democratic Party affiliates with a different name from that of the national party, the other being the neighboring North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party.

The DFL controls four of Minnesota's eight United States House of Representatives seats, both of its United States Senate seats, the Minnesota Senate, and all other statewide offices, including the Governor of Minnesota, making it the dominant party in the state. In the Minnesota House of Representatives, it has a power-sharing agreement with its main political rival, the Republican Party of Minnesota, following a tie in the 2024 Minnesota House of Representatives election.
Strugar
Strugar is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

George Strugar (1934–1997), American football player

Ivan Strugar (born 1974), Montenegrin kickboxer

Pavle Strugar (born 1933), Montenegrin general

Petar Strugar (born 1988), Montenegrin actor

Rajko Strugar (born 1995), Montenegrin volleyball player

Teona Strugar Mitevska (born 1974), Macedonian film director

Vlado Strugar (1922–2019), Serbian historian

George Strugar
George Ralph Strugar (April 2, 1934 – June 13, 1997) was an American professional football player who was a defensive tackle for eight seasons for the Los Angeles Rams, the Pittsburgh Steelers, and New York Titans/Jets. he died of lung cancer on June 13 1997 at age 63
Aldo Valle
Aldo Salvador Valle Acevedo (born 12 November 1955) is a Chilean lawyer, politician and vice president of the Constitutional Council.

Valle completed his primary education in Quillota and his secondary studies at Liceo Eduardo de la Barra in Valparaiso. He studied law at the University of Valparaiso (UV) and was admitted to the bar on April 25, 1983.

In 1999, he earned a Master’s degree in Philosophy of Science, with a specialisation in Logic, from the same institution. He later obtained a PhD in Public Law and Legal Philosophy from the Autonomous University of Madrid.

Quillota
Quillota is a city located in the valley of the Aconcagua River in Valparaíso Region, Chile. It is the capital and largest city of Quillota Province. It is surrounded by the localities of San Isidro, La Palma, Pocochay, and San Pedro. It is an important agricultural center, mainly because of the plantations of avocado and cherimoya trees.

Quillota is connected to the city of La Calera by the small city of La Cruz. Charles Darwin described the area's agriculture and the landscape in his book The Voyage of the Beagle. In nearby La Campana National Park, there is a plaque at a viewpoint commemorating Darwin's visit.
Baillieu Peak
Baillieu Peak (67°51′S 60°46′E﻿ / ﻿67.850°S 60.767°E﻿ / -67.850; 60.767) is a peak, 1,380 metres (4,530 ft) high, that rises above the ice sheet 25 nautical miles (46 km) south of Cape Bruce and 10 nautical miles (19 km) west-southwest of Pearce Peak. It was discovered in February 1931 by the British Australian New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition  under Mawson, and named for Clive Latham Baillieu (later Baron Baillieu), a patron of the expedition.

Baron Baillieu
Baron Baillieu, of Sefton in the Commonwealth of Australia and of Parkwood in the County of Surrey, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1953 for the businessman and public servant, Sir Clive Baillieu, the son of the Australian financier and politician William Baillieu. Baillieu was Chairman and President of the Dunlop Rubber Company and President of the Federation of British Industries and also worked for the British government during the Second World War. As of 2010 the title is held by his grandson, the third Baron, who succeeded his father in 1973.
Ardley Cutting and Quarry
Ardley Cutting and Quarry is a 40.1-hectare (99-acre) biological and geological Site of Special Scientific Interest north-west of Bicester in Oxfordshire. It is a Geological Conservation Review site and an area of 11 hectares (27 acres) is managed by the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust as Ardley Wood Quarry. The site contains a Scheduled Monument, Ardley Wood moated ringwork, a Norman defended enclosure.

The quarry and railway cutting exposes rocks dating to the Bathonian stage of the Middle Jurassic, about 167 million years ago. It is described by Natural England as  of national importance for the understanding of the Jurassic Period in Britain as it allows correlation of rocks of the Oxford area to be correlated with those of the Midlands. The site has calcareous grassland with diverse vertebrates, including the internationally protected great crested newt.

Middle Jurassic
The Middle Jurassic is the second epoch of the Jurassic Period. It lasted from about 174.1 to 161.5 million years ago. Fossils of land-dwelling animals, such as dinosaurs, from the Middle Jurassic are relatively rare, but geological formations containing land animal fossils include the Forest Marble Formation in England, the Kilmaluag Formation in Scotland, the Calcaire de Caen of France, the Daohugou Beds in China, the Itat Formation in Russia, the Tiourarén Formationof Niger, and the Isalo III Formation of western Madagascar. Rocks of the Middle Jurassic were formerly (until about 1980s) in Europe called Dogger or Brown Jurassic.
Andreas Karamanolis
Andreas Karamanolis (Greek: Ανδρέας Καραμανώλης, born 2 September 2001) is a Cypriot professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Anorthosis on loan from Greek Super League club Panserraikos.

Cypriot First Division
The Cypriot First Division (Greek: Πρωτάθλημα Α΄ Κατηγορίας), also known as the Cyprus League by Stoiximan for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league in Cyprus and the highest level of the Cypriot football league system. Operated by the Cyprus Football Association, the league is contested by fourteen teams and runs from August to May, with the three lowest-placed teams being relegated to the Cypriot Second Division, and replaced by the top three teams in that division.
Joseph Cotten on stage, screen, radio and television
Joseph Cotten was an American actor known for his roles on stage and screen. Cotten's most notable projects include his collaborations with Orson Welles. He portrayed Jed Leland in Citizen Kane (1941), Eugene Morgan in The Magnificent Ambersons (1942), and Howard Graham in Journey into Fear (1943). He continued to act alongside Welles in films such as The Third Man (1949), Othello (1951), Touch of Evil (1958), and F for Fake (1973),

He gained stardom for his roles in Shadow of a Doubt (1943), Gaslight (1944), Duel in the Sun (1946), Under Capricorn (1949), and Niagara (1953). He won the Venice International Film Festival Award for his performance in Portrait of Jennie (1948). He also acted in Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte (1964), Tora! Tora! Tora! (1970), Soylent Green (1973), A Delicate Balance (1973), A Whisper in the Dark (1976), Airport '77 (1977), The Perfect Crime (1978), and Heaven's Gate (1980). His final film role was in The Survivor (1981).

Portrait of Jennie
Portrait of Jennie (also released under the title Tidal Wave) is a 1948 American supernatural film directed by William Dieterle, produced by David O. Selznick, and starring Jennifer Jones, Joseph Cotten, Ethel Barrymore, and Lillian Gish. Its plot follows an impoverished New York City painter whose chance encounter with an old-fashioned young woman in Central Park changes the course of his life. It is based on the 1940 novella of the same name by Robert Nathan.

At the 21st Academy Awards, it won an Oscar for Best Special Effects (Paul Eagler, Joseph McMillan Johnson, Russell Shearman and Clarence Slifer; Special Audible Effects: Charles L. Freeman and James G. Stewart). Joseph H. August was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Cinematography (Black-and-White).
Mitsume ga Tōru (video game)
Mitsume ga Tooru (三つ目がとおる, Mitsume ga tōru, "The Three-Eyed One") is a video game for the Family Computer that was developed by Natsume and published by Tomy. It is based on the eponymous manga and anime called The Three-Eyed One. The main character is Hosuke Sharaku. There is also a Mitsume ga Tōru game for the original MSX with the same name, which was released by Natsume two years before it was released for the Famicom.

Tomy
Tomy Company, Ltd. (株式会社タカラトミー, Kabushikigaisha Takara Tomī) (trading as Takara Tomy in Asia and Tomy elsewhere) is a Japanese toy company. It was established in 1924 by Eiichirō Tomiyama as Tomiyama Toy Manufacturing Company (富山玩具製作所), became known for creating popular toys like the B-29  friction toy and luck-based game Pop-up Pirate. In 2006, Tomy merged with another toy manufacturer, Takara, and although the English company name remained the same, it became Takara Tomy in Asia. It has its headquarters in Katsushika, Tokyo.
Sclayn
Sclayn (French pronunciation: [sklaɛ̃]; Walloon: Scleyin) is a town of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Andenne, located in the province of Namur, Belgium.

It is located by the river Meuse.

Sclayn developed around the collegiate church dedicated to Saint Maurice. The church was founded by monks from Kornelimünster Abbey around 1072, and a college of canons was founded here by Emperor Henry IV in 1106. The Romanesque church is still preserved in the town, and contains a large crucifix from the 14th century, among other historical furnishings. The clergy house of the church is also medieval. The Scladina or Sclayn Cave is also located in Sclayn.

Namur Province
Namur (French: [namyʁ] ⓘ; Walloon: Nameur; Dutch: Namen [ˈnaːmə(n)] ⓘ) is a province of Wallonia, one of the three regions of Belgium. It borders (clockwise from the West) on the Walloon provinces of Hainaut, Walloon Brabant, Liège and Luxembourg in Belgium, and the French department of Ardennes. Its capital and largest city is the city of Namur. As of January 2024, the province of Namur has a population of about 0.5 million.
Francisco de Ávila
Francisco de Avila (1573–1647) was a South American priest and early student of native customs.

Avila was born in Cuzco.  He was curate or vicar in the province of Huarochiri of Peru, later curate at Huánuco, and finally Canon of the Church of La Plata (now Sucre), in Bolivia. He was one of the most active investigators of Indian rites and customs of his time.  He died in Lima.

Huánuco
Huánuco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈwanuko]; Quechua: Wanuku) is a city in central Peru. It had a population of 196,627 as of 2017 and in 2015 it had a population of 175,068. It is the capital of the Huánuco Region and the Huánuco District. It is the seat of the diocese of Huánuco. The metropolitan city of Huanuco is 170,000 hab (2011, urban pop, INEI). It has three districts, Huanuco (head), Amarilis, and Pillco Marca. In this city, the Higueras river meets the Huallaga river, one of the largest rivers in the country.
Džodić
Džodić (Serbian: Џодић, romanized: Dzhodich) is a Serbian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Nenad Džodić (born 1977), Serbian football defender

Stefan Džodić (born 2005), Serbian football midfielder

Viktor Džodić (born 2006), Serbian football goalkeeper

Stefan Džodić
Stefan Džodić (Serbian Cyrillic: Стефан Џодић; born 15 March 2005) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Segunda División club Almería. Born in France, he is a youth international for Serbia.
Vestri (men's basketball)
The Vestri men's basketball team, commonly known as Vestri, is a basketball team based in Ísafjörður, Iceland. The club was founded in 1965 as Körfuknattleiksfélag Ísafjarðar and held that name until it merged with newly founded Íþróttafélagið Vestri multi-sport club in 2016 and became its basketball department.

1997–98 Úrvalsdeild karla
The 1997–98 Úrvalsdeild karla was the 46th season of the Úrvalsdeild karla, the top tier men's basketball league on Iceland. The season started on October 2, 1997 and ended on April 19, 1998. Njarðvík won its fourteenth title by defeating KR 3–0 in the Finals.
William Calman Grahame
William Calman Grahame, known as W. C. Grahame,  (3 February 1863 – 15 September 1945) was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, representing Wickham from 1907 to 1920. Grahame served as Minister for Agriculture under Premier William Holman in both the Labor ministry and Nationalist ministry. Wickham was abolished in 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation and combined with Newcastle and Grahame unsuccessfully stood as an independent at the 1920 election for Newcastle.

He was also the first mayor of the recreated Municipality of Gosford, from 1936 to 1944. Central Coast Stadium (Bluetongue Stadium) in Gosford was formerly known as Grahame Park, named after him in 1939.

Results of the 1920 New South Wales state election
The 1920 New South Wales state election was for 90 seats representing 24 electoral districts, with each district returning between 3 and 5 members. This was the first election in New South Wales that took place under a modified Hare-Clark voting system. The average number of enrolled voters per member was 12,805, ranging from Sturt (11,539) to Sydney (13,478).
Fred Lindop
George Frederick Lindop MBE (20 July 1938 – January 2023) was a British rugby league referee. He refereed 22 test matches, including the World Cup final in 1970. He also refereed five Challenge Cup Finals.

Lindop was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 1989 New Year Honours for services to rugby league, and was inducted to the Rugby Football League's Roll of Honour in 2009.

Lindop also established the University of Sheffield rugby league team in 1969 and coached them. He coached junior rugby league at the Eastmoor club in Wakefield and the Oulton Raiders club near Leeds.

His death was announced on 23 January 2023, at the age of 84.

Oulton Raiders
Oulton Raiders are an amateur rugby league football club from Oulton in Leeds, West Yorkshire. The club's open age team currently compete in division one of the National Conference League. The club also operates many youth teams.

The club was founded in 1962 as Oulton Miners Welfare, and has produced a number of players who went on to play professional rugby league, including, Ryan Hall, Ryan Hudson and Kelvin Skerrett.
Neocalanus plumchrus
Neocalanus plumchrus is a large species of copepod found in the Pacific and Arctic Oceans. It was described in 1921 H. by Marukawa. N. flemingeri was formerly considered as conspecific, likely as a form, until it was split in 1988 by Charles B. Miller.

Copepod
Copepods (/ˈkoʊpəpɒd/; meaning 'oar-feet') are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat. Some species are planktonic (living in the water column), some are benthic (living on the sediments), several species have parasitic phases, and some continental species may live in limnoterrestrial habitats and other wet terrestrial places, such as swamps, under leaf fall in wet forests, bogs, springs, ephemeral ponds, puddles, damp moss, or water-filled recesses of plants (phytotelmata) such as bromeliads and pitcher plants. Many live underground in marine and freshwater caves, sinkholes, or stream beds. Copepods are sometimes used as biodiversity indicators.