hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cyber ShockWave
Cyber ShockWave, similar to the Cyber Storm Exercise, was a 4-hour wargame conducted in February 2010 by the Bipartisan Policy Center, an American think tank based in Washington, D.C. Former high-ranking Cabinet and National Security Officials role played a cabinet level response to a cyberwarfare scenario.  Portions of the exercise were later broadcast on CNN.

Role-playing
Role-playing or roleplaying is the changing of one's behaviour to assume a role, either unconsciously to fill a social role, or consciously to act out an adopted role. While the Oxford English Dictionary offers a definition of role-playing as "the changing of one's behaviour to fulfill a social role", in the field of psychology, the term is used more loosely in four senses:

To refer to the playing of roles generally such as in a theatre, or educational setting;

To refer to taking a role of a character or person and acting it out with a partner taking someone else's role, often involving different genres of practice;

To refer to a wide range of games including role-playing video game (RPG), play-by-mail games and more;

To refer specifically to role-playing games.
Nanmadaw Me Nu
Nanmadaw Me Nu (Burmese: နန်းမတော် မယ်နု, pronounced [náɰ̃mədɔ̀ mɛ̀ nṵ]; 18 June 1783 – 12 May 1840), commonly known by her regnal title Thiri Pavara Mahayazeinda Yadana Dewi (Burmese: သီရိပဝရ မဟာရာဇိန္ဒာ ရတနာဒေဝီ; Pali: Sīri pavara mahārajindā ratanadevī) was the chief queen consort of King Bagyidaw of the Konbaung dynasty of Burma from 1819 to 1837. Her nickname "Nanmadaw" come from her status as Nanh madaw Miphayah Khaung-gyii (lit. Queen of the Main Palace).

The chief queen was the leader of the powerful palace faction that advocated for war with the British. Even after the disastrous First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–1826), she consolidated more power as her husband withdrew from governing. She and her brother Prince Maung O of Salin became the de facto rulers of the kingdom until Bagyidaw was overthrown in 1837. The queen and her brother were executed on the order of the new king Tharrawaddy Min in 1840.

Regnal title
A regnal title is the title held by a monarch while in office. Monarchs can have various titles, including king or queen, prince or princess (Sovereign Prince of Monaco), emperor or empress (Emperor of Japan, Emperor of India), or even duke or grand duke (Grand Duke of Luxembourg) or duchess. Many monarchs also are distinguished by styles, such as "Majesty", "Royal Highness" or "By the Grace of God".

Sometimes titles are used to express claims to territories that are not held in fact (for example, English claims to the French throne) or titles not recognized (antipopes). A pretender is a claimant to an abolished throne or to a throne already occupied by somebody else. Abdication is the resignation of a monarch.
Helen Ramsaran
Helen Evans Ramsaran (born May 11, 1943) is an American sculptor. Her work explores the primordial world of ancient rituals, mysterious fossilized remains, mystic forces, and African inspired architecture. Ramsaran's work was first inspired by a trip to Africa in 1981, and although her sculpture is inanimate, there is a lurking sense of humanity's presence. Her recent work explores the effects of climate change on life sustaining systems and resources, specifically marine ecosystems and plant and animal species.

John Jay College of Criminal Justice
The John Jay College of Criminal Justice (John Jay) is a public college focused on criminal justice and located in New York City. It is a senior college of the City University of New York (CUNY). John Jay was founded as the only liberal arts college with a criminal justice and forensic focus in the United States.
Trumpet Concerto (Davies)
The Concerto for Trumpet and Orchestra is a composition for trumpet solo and orchestra by the British composer Peter Maxwell Davies.  The work was commissioned by the Philharmonia Orchestra for its then principal trumpeter  John Wallace.  It was given its world premiere by Wallace and the Philharmonia Orchestra under the conductor Giuseppe Sinopoli in Hiroshima on 21 September 1988.

Peter Maxwell Davies
Sir Peter Maxwell Davies CH CBE (8 September 1934 – 14 March 2016) was an English composer and conductor, who in 2004 was made Master of the Queen's Music.

As a student at both the University of Manchester and the Royal Manchester College of Music, Davies formed a group dedicated to contemporary music called the New Music Manchester with fellow students Harrison Birtwistle, Alexander Goehr, Elgar Howarth and John Ogdon. Davies's compositions include eight works for the stage—from the monodrama Eight Songs for a Mad King, which shocked the audience in 1969, to Kommilitonen!, first performed in 2011—and ten symphonies, written between 1973 and 2013.

As a conductor, Davies was artistic director of the Dartington International Summer School from 1979 to 1984 and associate conductor/composer with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra from 1992 to 2002, holding the latter position with the BBC Philharmonic Orchestra as well.
Bernhard Sinkel
Bernhard Sinkel (born 19 January 1940) is a German film director and screenwriter. He directed seven films between 1975 and 1993. He co-shared the Special Recognition award at the 28th Berlin International Film Festival for the film Germany in Autumn. His film Put on Ice was entered into the 1980 Cannes Film Festival. Bernhard Sinkel worked together with Alf Brustellin as a director and screenwriter team until Brustellin's death 1981.

28th Berlin International Film Festival
The 28th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 22 February to 5 March 1978. Director Wolf Donner successfully managed to shift the festival's date from June to February, a change which has remained ever since. This was the first year the festival was held in February. The festival opened with Opening Night by John Cassavetes and closed with Steven Spielberg's out of competition film Close Encounters of the Third Kind.

The jury awarded the Golden Bear to Spain for its contribution to the festival. The three Spanish films which were screened at the festival and won it were short film Ascensor directed by Tomás Muñoz and feature films What Max Said by Emilio Martínez Lázaro and Las truchas by José Luis García Sánchez.

A new section for children was introduced at the festival. The Part 2 of the retrospective dedicated to West German actress Marlene Dietrich was shown at the festival, as well as the retrospective called "Censorship – Banned German Films 1933-1945".
Jenna Laukkanen
Jenna Laukkanen (born 2 March 1995) is a Finnish swimmer with a specialty in the breaststroke. She currently represents Team Iron in the International Swimming League.

Laukkanen competed in the 2011 European Junior Swimming Championships, winning a bronze medal in the 50m breaststroke and a silver medal in the 100m breaststroke. She competed for Team Finland at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Her final ranking in the 100m breaststroke was 34th and 32nd in the 200m breaststroke. In the 2015 European Short Course Swimming Championships, Laukkanen won gold medals in the 50m and 100m breaststroke. At the 2016 European Aquatics Championships, she won bronze medals in the 50m breaststroke and the 4 × 100 m medley. She competed for Team Finland at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Breaststroke
Breaststroke is a swimming style in which the swimmer is on their chest and the torso does not rotate. It is the most popular recreational style due to the swimmer's head being out of the water a large portion of the time, and that it can be swum comfortably at slow speeds. In most swimming classes, beginners learn either the breaststroke or the freestyle (front crawl) first. However, at the competitive level, swimming breaststroke at speed requires endurance and strength comparable to other strokes. Some people refer to breaststroke as the "frog" stroke because the arms and legs move somewhat like a frog swimming in the water. The stroke itself is the slowest of any competitive strokes and is thought to be the oldest of all swimming strokes.
19th Army (German Empire)
The 19th Army (German: 19. Armee / Armeeoberkommando 19 / A.O.K. 19) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I.  It was formed in France on 4 February 1918 from the former South Army command.  It served exclusively on the Western Front and was dissolved on 24 January 1919.

Field army
A field army (also known as numbered army or simply army) is a military formation in many armed forces, composed of two or more corps. It may be subordinate to an army group. Air armies are the equivalent formations in air forces, and fleets in navies. A field army is composed of 80,000 to 300,000 soldiers.
1972 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1972 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 82nd staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.

Moyne-Templetuohy were the defending champions.

Roscrea won the championship after a 5–08 to 3–06 defeat of Borris-Ileigh in the final at Semple Stadium. It was their fourth championship title overall and their first title in two years.

Borris–Ileigh GAA
Borris–Ileigh Gaelic Athletic Club (Irish: CLG Buíreas Uí Luíoch) is a Gaelic games club that is based in the village of Borrisoleigh, County Tipperary, Ireland. The club currently plays hurling and camogie in the county-wide and North division competitions of Tipperary GAA. It formerly participated in Mid Tipperary divisional competitions. It also plays Gaelic football at Junior and under-age levels. The club attracts members from the civil parish of Glenkeen which is co-extensive with the Catholic parish of Borrisoleigh and Ileigh.
Bracca
Bracca (Bergamasque: Braca) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Milan and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) northeast of Bergamo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 827 and an area of 5.5 square kilometres (2.1 sq mi).

Bracca borders the following municipalities: Algua, Costa di Serina, San Pellegrino Terme, Zogno.

Bergamasque dialect
The Bergamasque dialect  is the western variant of the Eastern Lombard group of the Lombard language. It is mainly spoken in the province of Bergamo and in the area around Crema, in central Lombardy.

Bergamasque has official status in the province of Bergamo, according to the Regional Law 25/2016.
Galius Kličius
Galius Kličius  (10 May 1950 – 11 September 2024) was a Lithuanian painter, cinematographer, and theatrical designer.

His film art direction credits include productions by BBC Classical Music Television, Showtime Networks, USA Networks, and Company Pictures.

Kličius died on 11 September 2024, at the age of 74.

IAC Inc.
IAC Inc. is an American holding company that owns brands worldwide, mostly in media and Internet. The company originated in 1996 as HSN Inc., the holding company of Home Shopping Network and USA Network before changing its name to USA Networks, Inc. in 1999. The firm's television assets then were sold to Vivendi in 2002. (Currently, HSN is owned by QVC Group and USA Network is owned by Versant.)

The company is incorporated under the Delaware General Corporation Law but is headquartered in New York City. Joey Levin, who previously led the company's search and applications segment, served as chief executive officer from June 2015 until April 2025.
Remote data transmission
Remote data transmission (RDT) was a term used in the 1980s, primarily in Germany, for the transmission of data between computers over a medium using a communications protocol. At the time, the most widespread form was RDT over the telephone network.
Other transmission media like radio waves or light were also used. Most RDT now uses the Internet.

In German speaking areas, RDT is used in the special sense of the considerably more narrowly defined Electronic Data Interchange (EDI).

Systems for remote administration of facilities and remote control adjustments may use remote data transmission standards.

To be transmittable, data must be appropriately prepared for the medium. For this, special hardware, e.g., a modem or an ISDN card is necessary.

Computer hardware
Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the central processing unit (CPU), random-access memory (RAM), motherboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, and computer case. It includes external devices such as a monitor, mouse, keyboard, and speakers.

By contrast, software is a set of written  instructions that can be stored and run by hardware. Hardware derived its name from the fact it is hard or rigid with respect to changes, whereas software is soft because it is easy to change.

Hardware is typically directed by the software to execute any command or instruction. A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system, although other systems exist with only hardware.
Lyons Groups of Galaxies
Lyons Groups of Galaxies (or LGG) is an astronomical catalog of nearby groups of galaxies complete to a limiting apparent magnitude B0=14.0 with a recession velocity smaller than 5,500 km/s. The catalogue was obtained from the Lyon-Meudon Extragalactic Database. Two methods were used in group construction: a percolation method derived from Huchra and Geller  and a hierarchical method initiated by R. Brent Tully. The catalog is a synthesized version of the two results.

The LGG includes 485 groups and 3,933 member galaxies.

Recessional velocity
Recessional velocity is the rate at which an extragalactic astronomical object recedes (becomes more distant) from an observer as a result of the expansion of the universe. It can be measured by observing the wavelength shifts of spectral lines emitted by the object, known as the object's cosmological redshift.
Mala Račna
Mala Račna (pronounced [ˈmaːla ˈɾaːtʃna]; German: Kleinratschna) is a settlement in the Municipality of Grosuplje in central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

Municipality of Grosuplje
The Municipality of Grosuplje (pronounced [ɡɾɔˈsùːpljɛ] ⓘ; Slovene: Občina Grosuplje) is a municipality in central Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Grosuplje. It lies just south of the capital Ljubljana in the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.
LEEP Online Education
LEEP Online Education is a distance learning program offered by the University of Illinois School of Information Sciences (formerly GSLIS [Graduate School of Library and Information Science])

The LEEP program provides students who are not able to relocate to the Urbana-Champaign area a means to attend the university's ALA-accredited Master of Library and Information Science, Master of Information Science or Certificate of Advanced Study (CAS) program. The program, and the iSchool overall, is ranked #1 by U.S. News & World Report.

Champaign, Illinois
Champaign (/ˌʃæmˈpeɪn/ sham-PAYN) is a city in Champaign County, Illinois, United States. The population was 88,302 at the 2020 census. It is the tenth-most populous municipality in Illinois and the fourth most populous city in the state outside the Chicago metropolitan area. It is a principal city of the Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area, which had 236,000 residents in 2020.

Champaign shares the main campus of the University of Illinois with its twin city of Urbana, and is also home to Parkland College, which gives the city a large student population during the academic year. Due to the university and a number of technology startup companies, it is often referred to as a hub of the Illinois Silicon Prairie. Champaign houses offices for the Fortune 500 companies Abbott, Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), Caterpillar, John Deere, Dow Chemical Company, IBM, and State Farm. Champaign also serves as the headquarters for several companies, including Jimmy John's.
Felben
Felben is a village and former municipality in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.

It was first recorded in the year 1178 as Veluen. In 1433 it was known as Felwan.

The municipality had 200 inhabitants in 1850, which increased to 281 in 1900, 424 in 1950 and 525 in 1980.

In 1983 the municipality was merged with the neighboring municipality Wellhausen to form a new and larger municipality Felben-Wellhausen.

Thurgau
Thurgau (/ˈtʊərɡaʊ/ TOOR-gow, Swiss Standard German: [ˈtuːrɡaʊ] ⓘ; French: Thurgovie; Italian: Turgovia; Romansh: Turgovia), anglicized as Thurgovia, and formally as the Canton of Thurgau, is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of five districts. Its capital is Frauenfeld.

Thurgau is part of Eastern Switzerland. It is named after the river Thur, and the name Thurgovia was historically used for a larger area, including part of this river's basin upstream of the modern canton. The area of what is now Thurgau was acquired as subject territories by the cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy from the mid 15th century. Thurgau was first declared a canton in its own right at the formation of the Helvetic Republic in 1798.

The population, as of December 2020, is 282,909. In 2007, there were a total of 47,390 resident foreigners, constituting 19.9% of the population.
Ludwig II, Count of Württemberg-Urach
Ludwig II (3 April 1439, in Waiblingen – 3 November 1457, in Urach) was the Count of Württemberg. He was the son of count Ludwig I and Mechthild of the Palatinate. He reigned from 1450 until 1457.

After the division of the County of Württemberg, by the Treaty of Nürtingen in 1442, he was raised in Urach, capital of the newly created County of Württemberg-Stuttgart.
After the early death of his father, Ludwig I, a conflict over his tutelage arose. In the end, the count of Württemberg-Stuttgart, his uncle Ulrich V, won influence. Finally Ludwig II was declared full of age and took responsibility for the government at the age of 14.

Due to his ill health, he died prematurely in 1457 at the age of 18.

Bad Urach
Bad Urach (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈʔuːʁax] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Reutlingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated 14 km east of Reutlingen, at the foot of the Swabian Jura (or Swabian Alps), and is known for its spa and therapeutic bath.
Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel is a daily morning broadsheet printed in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where it is the primary newspaper and also the largest newspaper in the state of Wisconsin, where it is widely read. It was purchased by the Gannett Company in 2016.

In early 2003, the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel began printing at a new facility in West Milwaukee. In September 2006, the Journal Sentinel announced it had "signed a five-year agreement to print the national edition of USA Today for distribution in the northern and western suburbs of Chicago and the eastern half of Wisconsin".

West Milwaukee, Wisconsin
West Milwaukee is a village in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located in the center of the county, approximately 1 mi (1.6 km) south of American Family Field. The population was 4,114 at the 2020 census.
Ceci Flores Armenta
Cecilia Patricia Flores Armenta (born 1972 or 1973) is a Mexican madre buscadora (an activist responding to high rates of missing persons in Mexico) and the founder and leader of Madres Buscadoras de Sonora. In 2022, she was part of the BBC 100 Women.

100 Women (BBC)
100 Women is a BBC multi-format series established in 2013. The annual series examines the role of women in the 21st century and has included events in London and Mexico. Announcement of the list is the start of an international "BBC's women season", lasting three weeks including broadcast, online reports, debates and journalism on the topic of women. Women around the world are encouraged to participate via social media and comment on the list, as well as on the interviews and debates that follow release of the list.
Lights Go On Again
Lights Go On Again is the fourth mini-album played by South Korean boy band Beast. It is said that "Lights Go On Again" was a part 2 of their past album "Mastermind", with a whole set of different colors. "Lights Go On Again" was released by Cube Entertainment on November 9, 2010. The song "Beautiful" was chosen to be the title track of the EP.

Cube Entertainment
Cube Entertainment Inc. (Korean: 큐브엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean entertainment company. The company operates as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management and concert production company, and music publishing house. Cube are known for having "self-composing and self-producing" idols. In April 2020, the founder of Cube, Hong Seung-sung, resigned from the company due to an ownership dispute.

The label currently manages several artists, namely Kwon Eun-bin, Pentagon, I-dle, Lightsum, and Nowz. It also manages several entertainers and actors, including Heo Kyung-hwan, Park Mi-sun, Kim Jin-woo, and Park Sun-young.

It was formerly home to K-pop artists such as 4Minute, Beast, G.NA, Roh Ji-hoon, Hyuna, Rain, E'Dawn, A Train To Autumn, Lai Kuan-lin, Jang Hyun-seung, Elkie, Sorn, Yujin, Soojin, Yeeun, CLC, BtoB, Lee Hwi-jae, Na In-woo, and Yoo Seon-ho.
Ronald Ketjijere
Ronald Himeekua Ketjijere (born 12 December 1987) is a Namibian football holding midfielder who plays for the Namibia national football team. He was captain of the Brave Warriors and can also play as an offensive midfielder.

He previously played for Katutura giant  African Stars in the Namibia Premier League, having joined the team in 2009 from UNAM.

Namibia national football team
The Namibia national football team represents Namibia in men's international football and is controlled by the Namibia Football Association. They have never qualified for the FIFA World Cup but have made four appearances in the Africa Cup of Nations. The team represents both FIFA and Confederation of African Football (CAF).
Wirtz Dam
Wirtz Dam (formerly Granite Shoals Dam) was constructed from 1949 to 1951 to provide hydroelectric power and to form Lake Lyndon B. Johnson (formerly Lake Granite Shoals), one of the Texas Highland Lakes. Lake LBJ ‒ as it is more commonly referred to ‒ provides cooling water for the Lower Colorado River Authority's Thomas C. Ferguson Power Plant along Horseshoe Bay.

Wirtz Dam was originally named Granite Shoals Dam until 1951 when it was renamed in honor of Alvin J. Wirtz who had been instrumental in the formation of the LCRA.

Likewise, Lake LBJ was originally named Lake Granite Shoals until 1965 when it was renamed for another advocate of the LCRA, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson.

Wirtz Dam and Lake LBJ are located due west of Lake Marble Falls and the city of Marble Falls, Texas.

Lake Marble Falls
Lake Marble Falls is a reservoir on the Colorado River in the Texas Hill Country in the United States. The reservoir was formed in 1951 by the construction of Max Starcke Dam by the Lower Colorado River Authority. Originally named Marble Falls Dam, the dam was renamed in 1962 for Max Starcke, the second general director of the LCRA. Located near the city of Marble Falls, the lake is used as a venue for aquatic recreation and for the purpose of generating hydroelectric power. It is the newest and smallest of the Texas Highland Lakes.

The other reservoirs on the Colorado River are Lake Buchanan, Inks Lake, Lake LBJ, Lake Travis, Lake Austin, and Lady Bird Lake.