hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elizabeth Baranger
Elizabeth Urey Baranger (née Gertrude Bessie Urey; September 18, 1927 – May 30, 2019) was an American physicist and academic administrator at the University of Pittsburgh. Her research concerned shell model calculations in nuclear physics.

Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter.

Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the atom as a whole, including its electrons.

Discoveries in nuclear physics have led to applications in many fields such as nuclear power, nuclear weapons, nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging, industrial and agricultural isotopes, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating in geology and archaeology. Such applications are studied in the field of nuclear engineering.

Particle physics evolved out of nuclear physics and the two fields are typically taught in close association. Nuclear astrophysics, the application of nuclear physics to astrophysics, is crucial in explaining the inner workings of stars and the origin of the chemical elements.
Linda Gottfredson
Linda Susanne Gottfredson (née Howarth; born 1947) is an American psychologist and writer. She is professor emerita of educational psychology at the University of Delaware and co-director of the Delaware-Johns Hopkins Project for the Study of Intelligence and Society. She is best known for writing the 1994 letter "Mainstream Science on Intelligence", which was published in the Wall Street Journal in defense of Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray's controversial book The Bell Curve (1994).

She is on the boards of the International Society for the Study of Individual Differences, the International Society for Intelligence Research, and the editorial boards of the academic journals Intelligence, Learning and Individual Differences, and Society.

Learning and Individual Differences
Learning and Individual Differences (ISSN 1041-6080) is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Elsevier dealing with individual differences within an educational context. It was established in 1989 with H. Lee Swanson as its founding editor.  The current (as at March 2024) editor-in-chief is Samuel Greiff, (University of Luxembourg). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 3.139.
Trigonoorda rhodea
Trigonoorda rhodea is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Oswald Bertram Lower in 1905. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland and the Northern Territory.

The wingspan is about 18 mm. The forewings are reddish carmine, tinged with coppery-metallic scales and with deep reddish-fuscous markings. The termen is suffused with pale fuscous purple. The hindwings are pale yellow, suffused with reddish carmine on the terminal third. Adults have been recorded on wing in October and December.

Oswald Bertram Lower
Oswald Bertram Lower (28 February 1864 in Norwood, South Australia – 18 March 1925 in Wayville, South Australia) was an Australian chemist and pharmacist who is best known for his contributions to entomology, in particular butterflies and moths. His collection is now at the South Australian Museum.

In 1909 he married Eva Linda May (Davies) Lower. The couple had two sons: Oswald Bertram and Raymond Brackleigh.
Education Program for Gifted Youth
The Education Program for Gifted Youth (EPGY) at Stanford University was a loose collection of gifted education programs formerly located within Stanford Pre-Collegiate Studies program.  EPGY included distance and residential summer courses for students of all ages.   Many of the courses were distance learning, meaning that courses were taught remotely via the Internet, rather than in the traditional classroom setting. Courses targeted students from elementary school up to advanced college graduate.  Subjects offered included: Mathematics, English, Humanities, Physics, and Computer Science. Stanford Pre-Collegiate Studies is similar to the Center for Talented Youth at the Johns Hopkins University in terms of certain objectives. The EPGY courses themselves were offered by a number of institutions, including Stanford and Johns Hopkins.

In 2015, EPGY was separated from Stanford University as its own entity known as GiftedandTalented.com.
As of July 1, 2018, the service was discontinued.

Classroom
A classroom, schoolroom or lecture room is a learning space in which both children and adults learn. Classrooms are found in educational institutions of all kinds, ranging from preschools to universities, and may also be found in other places where education or training is provided, such as corporations and religious and humanitarian organizations. The classroom provides a space where learning can take place uninterrupted by outside distractions.
Snake Indian Formation
The Snake Indian Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Middle Cambrian age that is present on the western edge of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin in the northern Canadian Rockies of Alberta and British Columbia. It was named for Snake Indian River in Jasper National Park by E.W. Montjoy and J.D. Aitken in 1978. The type locality was established on Chetamon Mountain.

Jasper National Park
Jasper National Park, in Alberta, Canada, is the largest national park within Alberta's Rocky Mountains, spanning 11,000 km2 (4,200 sq mi). It was established as Jasper Forest Park in 1907, renamed as a national park in 1930, and declared a UNESCO world heritage site in 1984. Its location is north of Banff National Park and west of Edmonton. The park contains the glaciers of the Columbia Icefield, springs, lakes, waterfalls and mountains.
Woodford State Park
Woodford State Park is a 398-acre state park surrounding Adams Reservoir in Woodford, Vermont. The park is at an elevation of 2400 feet in the Green Mountain National Forest. It is located along the Molly Stark Byway. It was designated a state park in 1963.

Activities includes swimming, boating, camping, fishing, hiking, picnicking, bicycling, wildlife watching, letterboxing, and winter sports.

Facilities include a small beach, boat rentals, picnic area, 103 campsites including 83 tent/RV sites and 20 lean-tos, flush toilets, hot showers, and a dump station. There is a 2.7 mile trail around the lake. Park rangers offer interpretive programs including night hikes, campfire programs, amphibian explorations, and nature crafts and games.

Vermont Route 9
Vermont Route 9 (VT 9) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Vermont. The highway runs 46.957 miles (75.570 km) from the New York state line in Bennington, where it continues west as New York State Route 7 (NY 7), to the New Hampshire state line at the Connecticut River in Brattleboro, where the highway continues as New Hampshire Route 9 (NH 9). VT 9 is the primary east–west highway of Bennington and Windham counties in southern Vermont. The highway connects Southern Vermont's primary towns of Bennington and Brattleboro via its crossing of the Green Mountains. VT 9 also connects those towns with Troy, New York, and Keene, New Hampshire, via the connecting highways in those states. The highway also intersects three major north–south routes: U.S. Route 7 (US 7) in Bennington and Interstate 91 (I-91) and US 5 in Brattleboro.
Asif Sandila
Mohammad Asif Sandila NI(M) HI(M) SI(M) LoM OM BJSN BYD NMSI (Urdu: محمد ﺁصف سندیلہ; born: 1954), is a retired four-star admiral in the Pakistan Navy who was the 19th Chief of Naval Staff of the Pakistan Navy. Prior to this command appointment, Sandila briefly tenured as the Vice Chief Naval Staff in the Pakistan Navy which he assumed in 2010.

In 2011, President Asif Ali Zardari, on the request of Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani, promoted Sandila to four-star admiral and appointed him as the Chief of the Naval Staff on 7 October 2011 upon retirement of the then Chief of Naval Staff Admiral Noman Bashir.

Order of Muleege Dynasty
The Order of the Dignified Rule of Muleege Dynasty (also known as the Order of Distinguished Rule of Muleege or Nishaan Muleege Sharafge Izzaiy) is a national honour in the Maldives and the highest award that can be bestowed upon a civilian.
Early Warning and Response System
The Early Warning and Response System (EWRS) for communicable diseases in the European Union was created by the European Commission to "ensure a rapid and effective response by the EU to events (including emergencies) related to communicable diseases."

"EWRS is a web-based system linking the Commission, the public health authorities in Member States responsible for measures to control communicable diseases and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). EEA countries (Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway) are also linked to the system."

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) is an agency of the European Union (EU) whose mission is to strengthen Europe's defences against infectious diseases. It covers a wide spectrum of activities, such as: surveillance, epidemic intelligence, response, scientific advice, microbiology, preparedness, public health training, international relations, health communication, and the scientific journal Eurosurveillance. The centre was established in 2004 and is headquartered in Solna, Sweden.
2023 MSG Prime Minister's Cup
The 2023 MSG Prime Minister's Cup was held from 8–15 October 2023. New Caledonia hosted the competition with matches being played at the Stade Numa-Daly Magenta in Nouméa and the Stade Yoshida in Koné.

Papua New Guinea were defending champions after winning the 2022 edition of the tournament. Regular competitor Fiji did not enter the tournament in order to focus on the 2023 Pacific Games.

The Solomon Islands won the competition for its second-ever title.

MSG Prime Minister's Cup
The MSG Prime Minister's Cup, formerly known as the Melanesia Cup, is an association football competition played between the Melanesian countries. It was formerly used (along with the Polynesia Cup) for qualification to the OFC Nations Cup. The original tournament used a round-robin format with every team playing each other once at the tournament's location.
The Rustle of Silk
The Rustle of Silk is a 1923 American silent romantic drama film directed by Herbert Brenon and starring Betty Compson. It was produced by Famous Players–Lasky and distributed by Paramount Pictures. It is based on the 1922 novel by writer Cosmo Hamilton.

Herbert Brenon
Herbert Brenon (born Alexander Herbert Reginald St. John Brenon; 13 January 1880 – 21 June 1958) was an Irish-born U.S. film director, actor and screenwriter during the era of silent films through 1940. Brenon was among the early filmmakers who, before the rise of corporate film production, was a genuine "auteur", controlling virtually all creative and technical components in crafting his pictures.
The quality of Brenon's artistic output rivaled that of film pioneer D. W. Griffith.

Brenon was among the first directors to achieve celebrity status among moviegoers for his often spectacular cinematic inventions. Among his most notable films are Neptune's Daughter (1914), Peter Pan (1925), A Kiss for Cinderella (1925), and the original film version of Beau Geste (1926).
Ishfaq Ahmad Sheikh
Ishfaq Ahmad Sheikh popularly known as Ishfaq Jabbar  (born 1974) is an Indian politician from Jammu and Kashmir. He was an MLA from Ganderbal Assembly constituency in Ganderbal district. He won the 2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election representing the Jammu and Kashmir National Conference. He lost the election in 2024 as an independent candidate.

2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election
The 2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election was held in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir in five phases from 25 November – 20 December 2014. Voters elected 87 members to the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly. The results were declared on 23 December 2014. Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) along with EVMs were used in 3 assembly seats out of 87 in Jammu Kashmir elections. Following the election, the Jammu & Kashmir People's Democratic Party (PDP) formed a coalition government with the BJP and their leader, Mufti Mohammad Sayeed became the state's Chief minister. BJP leader Nirmal Kumar Singh became the deputy chief minister.

This was the last assembly election before the territory's special status was revoked and Ladakh separated as union territory in 2019.
This Time (Sawyer Brown song)
"This Time" is a song written by Mark Miller and Mac McAnally and recorded by American country music group Sawyer Brown. It was released in November 1994 as the first single from their compilation album Greatest Hits 1990-1995.  The song reached number 2 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart, behind Pam Tillis' "Mi Vida Loca (My Crazy Life)".

Greatest Hits 1990–1995
Greatest Hits 1990–1995 is the second compilation album by American country music band Sawyer Brown. It features eight top 5 hits from four albums for Capitol/Curb: 1990's Buick, 1992's The Dirt Road and Cafe on the Corner, and 1993's Outskirts of Town. Two new tracks — "This Time" and "I Don't Believe in Goodbye" — are also included on this album. These songs were both released in 1995, peaking at #2 and #4, respectively, on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts.
Stan Dreben
Stanley Edward Dreben (July 10, 1918 – February 16, 1980) was an American screenwriter.

Dreben was born in New York. He began writing for the variety television series The Martha Raye Show in 1956. He then wrote episodes for television programs such as McHale's Navy, The Andy Griffith Show, Get Smart, The Paul Lynde Show, The Red Skelton Hour, The Danny Thomas Show, Green Acres, Love, American Style, The Flying Nun, Petticoat Junction, The Joey Bishop Show, F Troop, and The Facts of Life. Dreben also wrote for several episodes of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson.

Dreben died in February 1980 at his home in Northridge, California, at the age of 61.

The Danny Thomas Show
The Danny Thomas Show (titled Make Room for Daddy for its first three seasons) is an American sitcom that ran from 1953 to 1957 on ABC and from 1957 to 1964 on CBS. Starring Danny Thomas as a successful night club entertainer, the show focused on his relationship with his family, yet went through a number of significant changes in cast and characters during the course of its run. Episodes regularly featured music by Thomas, guest stars and occasionally other cast members as part of the plot.

In March 1953, Thomas first signed the contract for the show with ABC and chose Desilu Studios to film it using its three-camera method. Two proposed titles during pre-production were The Children's Hour and Here Comes Daddy.
1955 Italian presidential election
The 1955 Italian presidential election was held in Italy on 28–29 April 1955. Giovanni Gronchi, President of the Chamber of Deputies, was elected President of Italy

Only members of Parliament and regional delegates were entitled to vote, most of these electors having been elected in the 1953 general election.

President of the Senate of the Republic (Italy)
The president of the Senate of the Republic (Italian: presidente del Senato della Repubblica) is the presiding officer of the Italian Senate. The President of the Senate is the second highest-ranking office of the Italian Republic (after the president of the Republic).

Since 13 October 2022, the role has been held by Ignazio La Russa.
Belgian railway line 50A
The Belgian railway line 50A is a railway line in Belgium connecting Brussels to Ostend through Ghent and Bruges. The section between Ghent and Ostend was completed in 1838. The section between Ghent and Brussels was opened between 1923 and 1933, offering a faster connection than the existing line 50. The total length of the line is 114.3 km.

Glossary of rail transport terms
Rail transport terms are a form of technical terminology applied to railways. Although many terms are uniform across different nations and companies, they are by no means universal, with differences often originating from parallel development of rail transport systems in different parts of the world, and in the national origins of the engineers and managers who built the inaugural rail infrastructure. An example is the term railroad, used (but not exclusively) in North America, and railway, generally used in English-speaking countries outside North America and by the International Union of Railways. In English-speaking countries outside the United Kingdom, a mixture of US and UK terms may exist.

Various terms, both global and specific to individual countries, are listed here. The abbreviation "UIC" refers to terminology adopted by the International Union of Railways in its official publications and thesaurus.
K Street (Washington, D.C.)
K Street is a major thoroughfare in the United States capital of Washington, D.C., known as a center for lobbying and the location of numerous advocacy groups, law firms, trade associations, and think tanks. In political discourse, "K Street" has become a metonym for lobbying in the United States, the same way Wall Street in New York City became a metonym for the U.S. financial markets, since many lobbying firms are or traditionally were located on the section in Northwest Washington which passes from Georgetown through a portion of Downtown Washington, D.C.

Thoroughfare
A thoroughfare is a primary passage or way of transport, whether by road on dry land or, by extension, via watercraft or aircraft. Originally, the word referred to a main road or open street which was frequented thoroughly.
2024 SEC Championship Game
The 2024 SEC Championship Game was a college football game played on December 7, 2024, at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta. It was the 33rd SEC Championship Game and determined the champion of the 2025 season. The game featured the Texas Longhorns, the No. 1 seed, and the Georgia Bulldogs, the No. 2 seed. The game began at 4:00 p.m. EST and was broadcast on ABC for the first time since 2000, replacing CBS. Georgia defeated Texas 22–19 in overtime, earning an automatic bid in the 2024–25 College Football Playoff; it was the first time ever that the SEC championship Game has gone to overtime.

2024 Southeastern Conference football season
The 2024 Southeastern Conference football season was the 92nd season of Southeastern Conference (SEC) football and part of the 2024 NCAA Division I FBS football season. This was the SEC's first season with 16 teams with the additions of Texas and Oklahoma, and its first season since 1991 with a non-divisional scheduling format.
Didier Menard
Didier Menard (born 26 September 1972) is an American retired-born Haitian football goalkeeper.

Born in New York, his parents split when he was a year old. His mother moved to Orlando, but for a time Menard was raised by other relatives in Montreal. Moving back to Orlando, Menard made his way into the local team Cocoa Expos.

In 1995, Norwegian team Tromsø IL saw their goalkeeper and team captain Tor Andre Grenersen sustain an injury. Menard was signed on a short-term basis to compete with Tromsø's then-reserve goalkeeper Thomas Tøllefsen. Menard made his Tromsø debut in the 1995 UEFA Intertoto Cup as a 55th-minute substitute for Tøllefsen away against FC Universitatea Cluj. He was the first black goalkeeper in Norwegian top-flight football. However, Grenersen returned from injury before Menard got to play any league games, and Menard was sent back to the US.

In 1999 and 2000 Menard represented Haiti and won 7 international caps.

Tromsø IL
Tromsø Idrettslag (Northern Sami: Romssa Valáštallansearvi) is a Norwegian professional football club based in Tromsø. They play their home games at the Romssa Arena which has a seating capacity of 6,801. Tromsø play in the Eliteserien.

Despite never winning the Eliteserien title, they have finished as runner-up in 1990 and 2011. They have won the Norwegian Cup twice: in 1986 and 1996, and were runner-up in 2012. Their wins make them the northernmost football club in the world to have won a national title. Tromsø has competed in several UEFA competitions: the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, UEFA Intertoto Cup, and UEFA Europa League.
First Vasantdada Patil ministry
Vasantdada Patil became the Chief Minister of Maharashtra for the first time on 17 April 1977, replacing Shankarrao Chavan. The government continued until the 1978 legislative elections, after which Patil continued with his second ministry.

1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election
The 1978 Maharashtra State Assembly election was held in March 1978 for the fifth term of the Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha.  A total of 288 seats were contested. Congress factions (u) and (i) formed the government and Vasantdada Patil was sworn in again as the Chief Minister.
The Beatles' 1964 North American tour
The English rock group the Beatles toured the United States and Canada between 19 August and 20 September 1964. The 32 concerts comprised the second stage of a world tour that started with the band's tour of Europe, Hong Kong, Australia and New Zealand, and finished with their UK Autumn tour. The shows in the United States were a return to the country after their brief February 1964 tour.

Kansas City (Leiber and Stoller song)
"Kansas City" is a rhythm and blues song written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller in 1952. First recorded by Little Willie Littlefield the same year, as "K. C. Loving", the song later became a chart-topping hit when it was recorded by Wilbert Harrison in 1959. "Kansas City" is one of Leiber and Stoller's "most recorded tunes, with more than three hundred versions", with several appearing in the R&B and pop record charts.
2012 LPGA Championship
The 2012 LPGA Championship was the 58th LPGA Championship, held June 7–10 at Locust Hill Country Club in Pittsford, New York, a suburb southeast of Rochester. Known for sponsorship reasons as the Wegmans LPGA Championship, it was the second of four major championships on the LPGA Tour during the 2012 season. This was the third of four consecutive years the LPGA Championship was played at Locust Hill.

The champion was Shanshan Feng, who won with a 282 (−6), two strokes ahead of four runners-up: Eun-Hee Ji, Stacy Lewis, Mika Miyazato, and Suzann Pettersen. Following the third round, Feng was tied for seventh and three strokes back. In the final round, she shot a bogey-free 67 (−5), the lowest round of the tournament, to secure her first LPGA Tour victory and move from tenth to fifth in the Women's World Golf Rankings. Her best finish in 16 previous majors was a tie for 22nd.

Wegmans
Wegmans Food Markets, Inc. is a privately held American supermarket chain. 
As of early 2026, Wegmans has 114 stores in nine states (New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland, Massachusetts, Virginia, North Carolina, Connecticut, and Delaware) and the District of Columbia.

It is headquartered in Gates, New York, but was founded on January 30, 1916, in Rochester, New York. Wegmans has appeared on Fortune's annual "100 Best Companies to Work For" list since the list first appeared in 1998. The company has been listed among the top four on the "100 Best Companies to Work For" list since 2016, but as of 2022, the company has been listed among the top six.

The largest Wegmans store is located in DeWitt, New York, and measures about 160,000 sq ft (15,000 m2). Wegmans' smallest store is located in East Rochester, New York, on Fairport Road, measuring 53,000 sq ft (4,900 m2).