hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Count Primo Magri
Count Primo Magri (1849–1920) and Count Rosebud were the stage names of a 19th-century Italian dwarf who married Lavinia Warren, the widow of General Tom Thumb on Easter Monday, April 6, 1885, at the Church of the Holy Trinity in New York City.

Easter Monday
Easter Monday is the second day of Eastertide and a public holiday in more than 50 predominantly Christian countries. In Western Christianity it marks the second day of the Octave of Easter; in Eastern Christianity it marks the second day of Bright Week.
Mover of the Earth, Stopper of the Sun
Mover of the Earth, Stopper of the Sun is a concert overture for large orchestra that was commissioned by Orchestre national d'Île-de-France (ONDIF) from composer Svitlana Azarova.

The composition is dedicated to Renaissance astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus.

Overture
Overture (from French ouverture, lit. "opening") is a music instrumental introduction to a ballet, opera, or oratorio in the 17th century. During the early Romantic era, composers such as Beethoven and Mendelssohn composed overtures which were independent, self-existing, instrumental, programmatic works that foreshadowed genres such as the symphonic poem. These were "at first undoubtedly intended to be played at the head of a programme".

The idea of an instrumental opening to opera existed during the 17th century. Peri's Euridice opens with a brief instrumental ritornello, and Monteverdi's L'Orfeo (1607) opens with a toccata, in this case a fanfare for muted trumpets. More important was the prologue, consisting of sung dialogue between allegorical characters which introduced the overarching themes of the stories depicted.
Christian Alliance Cheng Wing Gee College
Christian Alliance Cheng Wing Gee College (abbreviated as CACWGC or CWGC) is an Evangelical Christian Secondary School located next to Tai Wai station, in Hong Kong. It is affiliated with the Kowloon Tong Church of the Chinese Christian and Missionary Alliance.

Christian school
A Christian school is a religious school run on Christian principles or by a Christian organization. These schools often include religious education and worship in their curriculum. They may also have a distinct Christian mission or philosophy.

The nature of Christian schools varies enormously from country to country, according to the religious, educational, and political cultures. In some countries, there is a strict separation of church and state, so all religious schools are private; in others, there is an established church whose teachings form an integral part of the state-operated educational system; in yet others, the state subsidizes religious schools of various denominations.
Opera for the Young
Opera for the Young is a professional, touring opera company based in Madison, Wisconsin.  Founded in 1970, it brings professional opera programs to elementary schools throughout the Midwest during its spring and fall tours.  With nearly 200 performances, reaching approximately 70,000 children annually, Opera for the Young can be counted among the largest opera outreach programs in the nation.

Opera for the Young’s repertoire include age appropriate adaptations of Gretry's Beauty and the Beast, Massenet's Cinderella, Mozart's The Magic Flute, Rossini's The Barber of Seville, Dvořák's Rusalka, Humperdinck's Hansel and Gretel, Donizetti's The Elixir of Love, Sullivan's The Pirates of Penzance, and Orpheus Returns: The Case of the Underworld Zoo with music from Offenbach, Gluck, and Monteverdi.

L'elisir d'amore
L'elisir d'amore (pronounced [leliˈzir daˈmoːre]; The Elixir of Love) is a melodramma giocoso (comic melodrama, opera buffa) in two acts by the Italian composer Gaetano Donizetti. Felice Romani wrote the Italian libretto, after Eugène Scribe's libretto for Daniel Auber's Le philtre (1831). The opera premiered on 12 May 1832 at the Teatro della Canobbiana in Milan and has remained continually in the international opera repertory.
Masaki Aiba
Masaki Aiba (相葉 雅紀, Aiba Masaki) (born December 24, 1982) is a Japanese singer, actor, television personality, radio host and dancer. He is a member of the boy band Arashi.

Aiba began his career in the entertainment industry when he joined the Japanese talent agency Johnny & Associates in 1996 at the age of 13. Prior to his debut as a singer with Arashi in 1999, Aiba started an acting career when he was cast as the lead role of Gordie for the stage play Stand by Me, which was based on the film of the same name. About five years after his debut as a singer with Arashi in 1999, he became one of the co-hosts of the variety show Tensai Shimura Dōbutsuen (天才！志村どうぶつ園, Genius! Shimura Zoo) in 2004, making him the first member of Arashi to regularly participate in a variety show not primarily hosted by Arashi.

Nissin Foods
Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd. (日清食品ホールディングス株式会社, Nisshin Shokuhin Hōrudingusu kabushiki gaisha) is a Japanese food company. Founded in 1948 by Momofuku Ando in Izumiōtsu, Osaka, it owns Nissin Food Products, Nissin Chilled Foods, Nissin Frozen Foods, and Myojo Foods. It is known for development of the world's first marketed brand of instant noodles, Chicken Ramen, and produces other instant noodle products, including Cup Noodles, Yakisoba U.F.O., and Demae Ramen.
Multiple-scale analysis
In mathematics and physics, multiple-scale analysis (also called the method of multiple scales) comprises techniques used to construct uniformly valid approximations to the solutions of perturbation problems, both for small as well as large values of the independent variables. This is done by introducing fast-scale and slow-scale variables for an independent variable, and subsequently treating these variables, fast and slow, as if they are independent. In the solution process of the perturbation problem thereafter, the resulting additional freedom – introduced by the new independent variables – is used to remove (unwanted) secular terms. The latter puts constraints on the approximate solution, which are called solvability conditions.

Mathematics research from about the 1980s proposes that coordinate transforms and invariant manifolds provide a sounder support for multiscale modelling (for example, see center manifold and slow manifold).

Center manifold
In the mathematics of evolving systems, the concept of a center manifold was originally developed to determine stability of degenerate equilibria. Subsequently, the concept of center manifolds was realised to be fundamental to mathematical modelling.

Center manifolds play an important role in bifurcation theory because interesting behavior takes place on the center manifold and in multiscale mathematics because the long time dynamics of the micro-scale often are attracted to a relatively simple center manifold involving the coarse scale variables.
Middendorf
Middendorf is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

J. William Middendorf (1924–2025), U.S. diplomat

John Middendorf (1959–2024), big wall rock climber

Tracy Middendorf (born 1970), American television, movie, and stage actress

Alexander von Middendorff (1815–1894), Russian zoologist and explorer of Baltic-German origin.

Tracy Middendorf
Tracy Lynn Middendorf is an American television, movie, and stage actress. Middendorf's most notable roles were in the horror film Wes Craven's New Nightmare, the MTV series Scream, and the HBO series Boardwalk Empire. She also appeared in the Broadway production of Ah, Wilderness!. She has won two Ovation Awards, one Drama-Logue Award, and one Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award for her stage work, and also received an American Movie Award in 2015.
Mauricinho (beach soccer)
Mauricio Pereira Braz de Oliveira (born 9 December 1989), known better as Mauricinho, is a Brazilian beach soccer player who plays as a forward. He won the 2017 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup representing Brazil and claimed the Silver Ball (second best player) award at the competition; he has also appeared at three other World Cups (2015, 2019, 2021). In addition, he was named the best player in the world at the 2017 Beach Soccer Stars awards.

Brazi
Brazi is a commune in Prahova County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Bătești, Brazii de Jos, Brazii de Sus (the commune centre), Negoiești, Popești, and Stejaru.

Its name translates to "firs" as in the tree.

In 1948, the commune had a population of 1,530. By the 2011 census, the population of Brazi had increased to 8,094, of which 97.63% were Romanians. At the 2021 census, there were 7,811 inhabitants; of those, 92.7% were Romanians.

The Petrobrazi Refinery (one of the largest Romanian oil refineries and one of the largest in Eastern Europe) is located in Brazi.

The headquarters of the 635th Anti-aircraft Defense Battalion "Precista" of the 1st Maneuver Support Brigade "Argedava" is located in Negoiești village.

The commune is the home of the CS Brazi and CS Brazi (women) sport clubs; Stadionul Chimia is the home grounds for their football teams.
McLaren M4B
The McLaren M4B was a Formula One racing car constructed by Trojan for Bruce McLaren Motor Racing and raced five times by New Zealander Bruce McLaren at the start of 1967.

The M4B was based on the M4A Formula 2 car as a stopgap between the M2B and the M5A. Additional fuel tanks were added either side of the cockpit to allow the car to run a full Grand Prix distance, and the rear end of the car was cut away to accommodate a 2.0 litre BRM type 56-2 V8, an enlarged and updated version of the engine with which Graham Hill had won the World Championship in 1962.

The car made its debut in the 1967 Race of Champions at Brands Hatch, showing promise with fourth and sixth places in the heats before a missed gear by McLaren in the final race put him out with engine failure. In the Spring Trophy at Oulton Park McLaren managed fifth place in both heats and the race, and came fifth again in the International Trophy at Silverstone.

Oulton Park
Oulton Park is a hard surfaced track used for motor racing, close to the village of Little Budworth, Cheshire, England, 5-mile (8.0 km) from Winsford, 13-mile (21 km) from Chester city centre, 8-mile (13 km) from Northwich and 17-mile (27 km) from Warrington, with a nearby rail connection along the Mid-Cheshire Line. It occupies much of the area which was previously known as the Oulton Estate. The racing circuit is owned and operated by Jonathan Palmer's MotorSport Vision organisation.
Ciskei International Airways
Ciskei International Airways was an airline run and owned by the Bantustan government of the Ciskei in South Africa. The airline ran from June 1987 to January 1989 operating out of Bhisho Airport as its hub. The airline, along with the construction of Bhisho Airport, was funded and run by the Government of South Africa. The airline flew one Convair 990 Coronado airplane and one Convair CV-880 airplane.

Convair 880
The Convair 880 is a retired American narrow-body jet airliner produced by the Convair division of General Dynamics. It was designed to compete with the Boeing 707 and Douglas DC-8 by being smaller but faster, a niche that failed to create demand. When it was first introduced, some in aviation circles claimed that at 615 mph (990 km/h), it was the fastest jet transport in the world. Only 65 Convair 880s were produced over the lifetime of the production run from 1959 to 1962, and General Dynamics eventually withdrew from the airliner market after considering the 880 project a failure. The Convair 990 Coronado was a stretched and faster variant of the 880.
Invariant polynomial
In mathematics, an invariant polynomial is a polynomial  that is invariant under a group  acting on a vector space . Therefore,  is a -invariant polynomial if

for all  and .

Cases of particular importance are for Γ a finite group (in the theory of Molien series, in particular), a compact group, a Lie group or algebraic group. For a basis-independent definition of 'polynomial' nothing is lost by referring to the symmetric powers of the given linear representation of Γ.

Compact group
In mathematics, a compact (topological) group is a topological group whose topology realizes it as a compact topological space. Compact groups are a natural generalization of finite groups with the discrete topology and have properties that carry over in significant fashion. Compact groups have a well-understood theory, in relation to group actions and representation theory.

In the following we will assume all groups are Hausdorff spaces.
Borgne
Borgne (French pronunciation: [bɔʁɲ]; Haitian Creole: Obòy) is a commune in the Borgne Arrondissement, in Nord department of Haiti. The economy there is based on agriculture and fishery. Other nearby places include Port-Margot, Robin, and Fond La Grange. Borgne is currently in the early stages of developing a "sister cities" relationship with Honeoye Falls, New York, United States.

Departments of Haiti
In the administrative divisions of Haiti, the department (French: département d'Haïti, pronounced [depaʁtəmɑ̃ d‿aiti]; Haitian Creole: depatman Ayiti) is the first of four levels of government. Haiti is divided administratively into ten departments, which are further subdivided into 42 arrondissements, 145 communes, and 571 communal sections.

In 2014, there was a proposal by the Chamber of Deputies to increase the number of departments from 10 to 14 —perhaps as high as 16.
2008 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament – Doubles
Martin Damm and Leander Paes were the defending champions, but Paes chose not to participate, and only Damm competed that year.
Damm partnered with Pavel Vízner, but lost in the first round to Philipp Kohlschreiber and Mikhail Youzhny.

Tomáš Berdych and Dmitry Tursunov won in the final 7–5, 3–6, [10–7], against Philipp Kohlschreiber and Mikhail Youzhny.

Martin Damm
Martin Damm Sr. (born 1 August 1972) is a former professional tennis player from the Czech Republic. He is best known as a doubles player (his highest ranking being No. 5 in the world in April 2007). His highest singles ranking was No. 42 in August 1997. Damm won a total of 40 titles in doubles, including one Grand Slam title. He reached five singles finals. He played his last tournament in September 2011 at the US Open (with Radek Štěpánek) and lost to Colin Fleming and Ross Hutchins 6–3, 6–3.
Kichmenga
Kichmenga (Russian: Кичменьга) is a rural locality (a selo) in Gorodetskoye Rural Settlement, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 250 as of 2002. There are 10 streets.

Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District
Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District (Russian: Ки́чменгско-Городе́цкий райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast and borders with Velikoustyugsky District in the north, Podosinovsky District of Kirov Oblast in the northeast, Oparinsky District of Kirov Oblast in the southeast, Vokhomsky District of Kostroma Oblast in the south, Nikolsky and Babushkinsky Districts in the southwest, and with Nyuksensky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 7,025 square kilometers (2,712 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Kichmengsky Gorodok. District's population: 18,485 (2010 Census); 22,187 (2002 Census); 26,170 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kichmengsky Gorodok accounts for 34.9% of the district's total population.
Rumi Wayin Punta
Rumi Wayin Punta (quechua rumi stone, Ancash Quechua wayi house, -n a  suffix, punta peak; ridge, "stone house peak (or ridge)", also spelled Rumihuainpunta) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru which reaches a height of approximately 4,600 m (15,100 ft). It is located in the Ancash Region, Bolognesi Province, Chiquian District, southwest of Chiquian.

Ancash Quechua
Ancash Quechua (Huaylas Ancash Quechua: qichwa [ˈqɛtʃ.wa], or less often nuna shimi), also Huaylay or Waylay in linguistic terminology, is a Quechua variety spoken in the Peruvian department of Ancash by approximately 1,000,000 people. Like Wanka Quechua, it belongs to Quechua I (according to Alfredo Torero).
Nadezhda Morozova (ice hockey)
Nadezhda Fyodorovna Morozova (Russian: Надежда Фёдоровна Морозова; born 29 November 1996) is a Russian ice hockey goaltender and member of the Russian national ice hockey team, currently playing in the Zhenskaya Hockey League (ZhHL) with Dinamo-Neva Saint Petersburg.

Russia women's national ice hockey team
The Russian women's national ice hockey team represents Russia at the International Ice Hockey Federation's IIHF World Women's Championships. The women's national team is controlled by the Ice Hockey Federation of Russia. After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Ice Hockey Federation suspended Russia from all levels of competition.
Shirtdress
A shirtdress is a style of women's dress that borrows details from a man's shirt. These can include a collar, a button front, or cuffed sleeves. Often, these dresses are made up in crisp fabrics including cotton or silk, much like a men's dress shirt would be. As they are typically cut without a seam at the waist, these dresses often have a looser fit, usually relying on a belt to define the waist. Button fronts and a forgiving fit make this a flattering look for most body types.

Sewing
Sewing is the craft of fastening pieces of textiles together using a sewing needle and thread. Sewing is one of the oldest of the textile arts, originating in the Paleolithic era. Archaeological evidence suggests that early humans in Europe and Asia produced garments from fur and leather clothing using bone, antler or ivory sewing-needles and "thread" made of various animal body parts including sinew, catgut, and veins.

For thousands of years, all sewing was done by hand. The sewing machine which was invented in the 19th century enabled mechanized stitching, and the mass production of garments expanded in the 20th century. Hand sewing remains common in high-quality tailoring, haute couture fashion, and custom dressmaking, and is practiced by both textile artists and hobbyists as a means of creative expression.

The first known use of the word "sewing" was in the 14th century.
The Laws of Thought
An Investigation of the Laws of Thought: on Which are Founded the Mathematical Theories of Logic and Probabilities  by George Boole, published in 1854, is the second of Boole's two monographs on algebraic logic. Boole was a professor of mathematics at what was then Queen's College, Cork, now University College Cork, in Ireland.

Algebraic logic
In mathematical logic, algebraic logic is the reasoning obtained by manipulating equations with free variables.

What is now usually called classical algebraic logic focuses on the identification and algebraic description of models appropriate for the study of various logics (in the form of classes of algebras that constitute the algebraic semantics for these deductive systems) and connected problems like representation and duality. Well known results like the representation theorem for Boolean algebras and Stone duality fall under the umbrella of classical algebraic logic (Czelakowski 2003).

Works in the more recent abstract algebraic logic (AAL) focus on the process of algebraization itself, like classifying various forms of algebraizability using the Leibniz operator (Czelakowski 2003).
Better Buildings Act of 2014
The Better Buildings Act of 2014 (H.R. 2126) is a bill that would amend federal law aimed at improving the energy efficiency of commercial office buildings. The bill would also create a program called "Tenant Star" similar to the existing ENERGY STAR program. The program would be a voluntary one. The bill would also require the General Services Administration to work with the United States Department of Energy to develop guidelines and models that would help landlords and their tenants work together to improve the energy efficiency of their buildings.

The bill was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.

113th United States Congress
The 113th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, from January 3, 2013, to January 3, 2015, during the fifth and sixth years of Barack Obama's presidency. It was composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives based on the results of the 2012 Senate elections and the 2012 House elections. The seats in the House were apportioned based on the 2010 United States census. It first met in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2013, and it ended on January 3, 2015. Senators elected to regular terms in 2008 were in the last two years of those terms during this Congress.

The Senate had a Democratic majority, while the House had a Republican majority; such a split would not be repeated until the 118th Congress. This was the last time Democrats held control of the Senate until the 117th Congress in 2021.
Peter Finke
Peter Finke (born 1944) is a German theoretical physicist who participated in Project-706, Pakistan's clandestine nuclear research project. A close associate and friend of the famous Pakistani nuclear engineer Munir Ahmad Khan (late), he is citizen of both Pakistan and Germany. He is one of the European scientists who participated in Project-706 in the 1970s.

Finke is, perhaps, better known in much of the world for his involvement in the development of Beryllium reflector technology as well as selling this technology to Pakistan in the late 1980s. In 1989, Finke was arrested in Germany by the Interpol Police because of his involvement in nuclear proliferation. However, Germany dropped the allegations due to lack of evidence. Finke was sentenced to jail by the German court in 1989 because of violation of Germany's export control laws.

Nuclear engineering
Nuclear engineering is the engineering discipline concerned with designing and applying systems that utilize the energy released by nuclear processes.
The most prominent application of nuclear engineering is the generation of electricity. Worldwide, some 439 nuclear reactors in 31 countries generate 10 percent of the world's energy through nuclear fission. In the future, it is expected that nuclear fusion will add another nuclear means of generating energy. Both reactions make use of the nuclear binding energy released when atomic nucleons are either separated (fission) or brought together (fusion). The energy available is given by the binding energy curve, and the amount generated is much greater than that generated through chemical reactions. Fission of 1 gram of uranium yields as much energy as burning 3 tons of coal or 600 gallons of fuel oil, without adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
Pseudasthenes
Pseudasthenes is a genus of small suboscine passerine birds, commonly known as canasteros or false canasteros, in the ovenbird family. It was described in 2010 to accommodate four species split from the related genus Asthenes. The genus is endemic to South America

Lumpers and splitters
Lumpers and splitters are opposing factions in any academic discipline that has to place individual examples into rigorously defined categories. The lumper–splitter problem occurs when there is the desire to create classifications and assign examples to them, for example, schools of literature, biological taxa, and so on. A "lumper" is a person who assigns examples broadly, judging that differences are not as important as signature similarities. A "splitter" makes precise definitions, and creates new categories to classify samples that differ in key ways.