hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Protoscience
In the philosophy of science, protoscience (adj. protoscientific) is a research field that has the characteristics of an undeveloped science that may ultimately develop into an established science.  Philosophers use protoscience to understand the history of science and distinguish protoscience from science and pseudoscience.

The word "protoscience" is a hybrid Greek-Latin compound of the roots proto- + scientia, meaning a first or primeval rational knowledge.

Examples of protoscience include alchemy, Wegener's original theory of continental drift and political economy (the predecessor to the modern economic sciences).

Adjective
An adjective (abbreviated ADJ) is a word that describes or defines a noun or noun phrase. Its semantic role is to change information given by the noun.
The adjective is considered one of the main parts of speech of the English language, although historically they were classed together with nouns. Nowadays, certain words that usually had been classified as adjectives, including the, this, my, etc., typically are classed separately, as determiners.

Examples:

That used to be an immensely funny idea. (Prepositive attributive)

That idea is funny. (Predicative)

Tell me something funny. (Postpositive attributive)

The good, the bad, and the funny. (Substantive)

Clara Oswald, completely funny, died three times. (Appositive)
Gwinn, Michigan
Gwinn is an unincorporated community in Marquette County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is a census-designated place (CDP) for statistical purposes and has no legal status as an incorporated municipality. The population of the CDP was 1,784 at the 2020 census. The community is located within Forsyth Township.

The CDP includes the nearby communities of Austin to the west and New Swanzy to the east. It is located along M-35 near the forks of the east and middle branches of the Escanaba River. The Gwinn 49841 ZIP Code serves a much larger area, including most of Forsyth Township, as well as portions of Turin Township to the east, Wells and Ewing townships to the south, Tilden Township to the west, and Richmond, Sands, and West Branch townships to the north.

West Branch Township, Marquette County, Michigan
West Branch Township is a civil township of Marquette County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,702 at the 2020 census. A portion of the former K.I. Sawyer Air Force Base extends into the township.
Hiscox (surname)
Hiscox is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gertrude Hiscox (1910-1966), British collaborator

Heather Hiscox (born 1965), Canadian news anchor

Jack Hiscox (born 1995), Australian rules footballer

Ralph Hiscox (1907–1970), British businessman

Robert Hiscox (born 1943), British businessman

Robert Hiscox
Robert Ralph Scrymgeour Hiscox DL (born 4 January 1943) is a British businessman, art collector, and philanthropist. He was chairman of Hiscox Ltd, a firm of Lloyd's of London underwriters, for 43 years until his retirement in 2013.
EMD G12
The EMD G12 is a class of export locomotive built by GM-EMD, and its Canadian affiliate General Motors Diesel. In addition, Australian licensee Clyde Engineering built ten locomotives for New Zealand in 1957, five for Hong Kong, 23 for Queensland, fourteen for Western Australia and seven for BHP. Australian licensee Commonwealth Engineering also built 42 for Queensland Rail in 1964–1966. Many examples were built in the 1950-1960s for railroads around the world.

They are powered by EMD 12-567C prime movers rated at 1,250 hp (930 kW); some have been rebuilt with EMD 645 engines. The A1A-A1A and C-C versions had a lower axle loading than the B-B version.

Commonwealth Engineering
Commonwealth Engineering, often shortened to Com-Eng, later known as Comeng [/ˈkɒmɛndʒ/ KOM-enj], was an Australian engineering company that designed and built railway locomotives, rolling stock and trams.
Thermal conductance quantum
In physics, the thermal conductance quantum  describes the rate at which heat is transported through a single ballistic phonon channel with temperature .

It is given by

.

The thermal conductance of any electrically insulating structure that exhibits ballistic phonon transport is a positive integer multiple of  The thermal conductance quantum was first measured in 2000. These measurements employed suspended silicon nitride (Si3N4) nanostructures that exhibited a constant thermal conductance of 16  at temperatures below approximately 0.6 kelvin.

Silicon nitride
Silicon nitride is a chemical compound of the elements silicon and nitrogen. Si3N4 (Trisilicon tetranitride) is the most thermodynamically stable and commercially important of the silicon nitrides, and the term ″Silicon nitride″ commonly refers to this specific composition. It is a white, high-melting-point solid that is relatively chemically inert, being attacked by dilute HF and hot H3PO4. It is very hard (8.5 on the mohs scale). It has a high thermal stability with strong optical nonlinearities for all-optical applications.
Gloria Emerson
Gloria Emerson (May 19, 1929 – August 3, 2004) was an American author, journalist and New York Times war correspondent. Emerson received the 1978 National Book Award in Contemporary Thought for Winners and Losers, her book about the Vietnam War. She wrote four books, in addition to articles for Esquire, Harper's, Vogue, Playboy, Saturday Review and Rolling Stone.

War correspondent
A war correspondent is a journalist who covers stories first-hand from a war zone.

War correspondence stands as one of journalism's most important and impactful forms. War correspondents operate in the most conflict-ridden parts of the world. Once there, they attempt to get close enough to the action to provide written accounts, photos, or film footage. It is often considered the most dangerous form of journalism.

Modern war correspondence emerged from the news reporting of military conflicts during the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars. Its presence grew in the middle of the nineteenth century, with American journalists covering the Mexican-American War (1846–1848) and the European newspapermen writing reports from the Crimean War (1853–1856).
Plymouth, Devonport and South Western Junction Railway
The Plymouth, Devonport and South Western Junction Railway (PD&SWJR) was an English railway company. It constructed a main line railway between Lydford and Devonport, in Devon, England, enabling the London and South Western Railway (LSWR) to reach Plymouth more conveniently than before.

The line was worked by the LSWR as part of its own system, but the PD&SWJR adopted the East Cornwall Mineral Railway which connected Kelly Bray and Calstock, and connected it to the main line at Bere Alston. This became the Callington branch, and the PD&SWJR operated the line itself through a subsidiary company.

In the 1960s, the main line from Lydford closed, as did the western end of the Callington line, but the section from St Budeaux to Gunnislake remains open and the passenger operation is known as the Tamar Valley Line.

Calstock
Calstock (Cornish: Kalstok) is a civil parish and a large village in south east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, on the border with Devon. The village is situated on the River Tamar 6 miles (9.7 km) south west of Tavistock and 10 miles (16 km) north of Plymouth.

The parish had a population of 6,095 in the 2001 census. This had increased to 6,431 at the 2011 census. The parish encompasses 5,760 acres (23.3 km2) of land, 70 acres (0.28 km2) of water, and 44 acres (0.18 km2) of the tidal Tamar.

As well as Calstock, other settlements in the parish include Albaston, Chilsworthy, Gunnislake, Harrowbarrow, Latchley, Metherell, Coxpark, Dimson, Drakewalls, Norris Green, Rising Sun and St Ann's Chapel.

Calstock village is within the Tamar Valley AONB, is overlooked by Cotehele house and gardens, and lies on the scenic Tamar Valley railway. Calstock railway station opened on 2 March 1908. The village is twinned with Saint-Thuriau in Brittany, France.
Forrest White
Forrest Fred White (21 May 1920 in West Virginia - 22 November 1994 in Banning, California) was an American musical instruments industry executive, best known for his association with Fender Musical Instruments Corporation and as co-founder of the Music Man company.

White began working at Fender on 20 May 1954, eventually becoming its vice president.  Leo Fender named a line of student amplifiers and steel guitars after him in 1955.  White remained with the company until December 1966.  He was also a partner with Fender in the Music Man company after both men left Fender.

Later in 1994, White wrote and published a book called "Fender: The Inside Story" (ISBN 0879303093, Pub Group West) on the relationship he had with Leo Fender.

Fender amplifier
Fender amplifiers are electric instrument amplifiers produced by the Fender Musical Instruments Corporation.  The first guitar amplifiers attributed to Leo Fender were manufactured by the K&F Manufacturing Corporation (K&F) in 1945. Later, Fender began building its own line of electric guitars. Fender amplifiers would become favorites of guitarists like Jimi Hendrix, Eric Clapton, and Stevie Ray Vaughan, also known in these cases for playing Fender guitars.

Fender amps have come in many configurations and styles. The early K&F and Fender amplifiers relied upon vacuum tube circuitry, with solid-state models appearing in the late 1960s.  Fender frequently updated the internal circuitry of its amps, and changed their appearance throughout its history.
Sumner Lake State Park
Sumner Lake State Park is a state park in De Baca County, New Mexico, United States, located on the eastern plains about 8 miles (13 km) northwest of Fort Sumner. The park features a large 4,500-acre (1,800 ha) reservoir on the Pecos River, created in 1939 by the Sumner Dam of the United States Bureau of Reclamation. The reservoir is home to various fish species including largemouth bass, catfish, crappie and walleye. The park elevation is 4,300 feet (1,300 m) above sea level.

De Baca County, New Mexico
De Baca County is a county in the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,698, making it New Mexico's second-least populous county. Its county seat is Fort Sumner. The county is named for Ezequiel Cabeza De Baca, the second elected Governor of New Mexico.
Scincus scincus
Scincus scincus, also commonly known as the sandfish skink, common sandfish or common skink, is a species of skink notable for its burrowing or swimming behaviour in sand. It is native to the Sahara Desert and the Arabian Peninsula, but is also kept as a pet elsewhere.

Skink
Skinks are lizards that constitute the family Scincidae, which is part of the infraorder Scincomorpha. With more than 1,500 described species across 100 different taxonomic genera, the family Scincidae is one of the most diverse families of lizards. Skinks are characterized by their smaller legs in comparison to typical lizards and are found in different habitats except arctic and subarctic regions.
Bill Reichenbach Jr.
William Frank Reichenbach Jr. (born November 30, 1949) is an American jazz trombonist and composer. He is the son of Bill Reichenbach, who was the drummer for Charlie Byrd from 1962 to 1973. He is best known as a session musician for television, films, cartoons, and commercials. He primarily specializes in playing the bass trombone, however, he is also proficient in playing other instruments such as the tenor trombone, contrabass trombone, euphonium, and tuba.

In 1997 he recorded a solo album, Special Edition, where he is featured on tenor as well as bass trombone.

Bass trombone
The bass trombone is the bass instrument in the trombone family of brass instruments. Modern instruments are pitched in the same B♭ as the tenor trombone but with a larger bore, bell and mouthpiece to facilitate low register playing, and usually two valves to fill in the missing range immediately above the pedal tones.
The Mummy: The Animated Series (video game)
The Mummy: The Animated Series, also known as The Mummy: Manacle of Osiris or just The Mummy, is a 2002 action-adventure video game developed by Ubisoft Milan and published by Ubisoft for the Game Boy Advance, followed two years later by versions for Microsoft Windows and the PlayStation 2. The game is based on the Kids' WB animated television series of the same name.

The Mummy (TV series)
The Mummy (also known as The Mummy: The Animated Series) is an American animated series produced by Universal Cartoon Studios based on the 1999 film of the same name. It premiered on Kids' WB on The WB network on September 29, 2001. It is set in 1938. It was retooled and renamed The Mummy: Secrets of the Medjai for its second and final season, which began on February 8, 2003. The show was cancelled on June 7 of the same year. Reruns of the show still aired on Kids' WB until it was removed from its Saturday morning lineup around July 2003.
Steinar Dagur Adolfsson
Steinar Dagur Adolfsson (born 25 January 1970) is a retired Icelandic football defender.

In his early career he played for Valur, KR Reykjavik and ÍA Akranes. Ahead of the 1999 season, amid interest from IF Elfsborg and Tromsø IL, he joined Kongsvinger IL, and played semi-regularly the first two seasons. He left after the 2001 season.

He was extensively capped for Iceland on youth level, especially U18 and U21, and was subsequently capped 14 times and scored 1 goal for Iceland.

Tromsø IL
Tromsø Idrettslag (Northern Sami: Romssa Valáštallansearvi) is a Norwegian professional football club based in Tromsø. They play their home games at the Romssa Arena which has a seating capacity of 6,801. Tromsø play in the Eliteserien.

Despite never winning the Eliteserien title, they have finished as runner-up in 1990 and 2011. They have won the Norwegian Cup twice: in 1986 and 1996, and were runner-up in 2012. Their wins make them the northernmost football club in the world to have won a national title. Tromsø has competed in several UEFA competitions: the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, UEFA Intertoto Cup, and UEFA Europa League.
Lech (Bohemian prince)
Lech ([lex]; died 805) was a Bohemian tribal ruler, one of the earliest named rulers in early Slavic Bohemia.  The first reference to him is in the 805 entry of Annales Regni Francorum when Charles, son of Charlemagne, was sent to Bohemia to pacify the Slavs and according to the chronicle "laid waste to the country and killed their leader named Lecho". It is doubtful that Lecho ruled the whole territory now known as Bohemia. It probably consisted of more or less independent tribes, perhaps with some vassalage relationships with the emerging Great Moravia. The creation of early medieval Bohemian state probably occurred no sooner than at the end of the 9th century under Bořivoj, Spytihněv or perhaps even later dukes of the Přemyslid dynasty.

The name Lech is also attributed in some early Slavic foundation myths to the legendary founder of Poland.

Bohemians (tribe)
The Bohemians (Latin: Behemanni) or Bohemian Slavs (Bohemos Slavos, Boemanos Sclavos), as a term designates an early Slavic group of peoples living in Bohemia (modern Czech Republic). Their land became recognised as the Duchy of Bohemia around 870 (later becoming Kingdom of Bohemia).

Their main adversary and partner was Francia, and around the early 9th century emerged a layer of castles with their own hereditary aristocracy, but while Mojmir I seized control over Moravians and founded a state Great Moravia (830s), the Czechs did only since Bořivoj I, the first historically documented Duke of Bohemia from about 870 and progenitor of the Přemyslid dynasty.

The related hypothesis about the Bohemian/Czech tribes was formed in the 19th century, based on the 12th-century Cosmas of Prague's chronicle mention of "pseudo-tribes", but by the 21st century, it became "completely abandoned".
Ross Point
Ross Point (62°20′54″S 59°07′09″W﻿ / ﻿62.34831°S 59.11917°W﻿ / -62.34831; -59.11917) is a point forming the southeast side of the entrance to Varvara Cove on the southwest side of Nelson Island in the South Shetland Islands, situated 7.85 km southeast of Harmony Point. The point was charted by DI personnel on the Discovery II in 1935.

RRS Discovery II
RRS Discovery II was a British Royal Research Ship which, during her operational lifetime of about 30 years, carried out considerable hydrographical and marine biological survey work in Antarctic waters and the Southern Ocean in the course of the Discovery Investigations research program.  Built in Port Glasgow, launched in 1928 and completed in 1929, she was the first purpose-built oceanographic research vessel and was named after Robert Falcon Scott's 1901 ship, RRS Discovery.
Kate Kelly
Kate Kelly is the name of:

Kate Kelly (politician), 21st century Idaho state senator

Kate Kelly (outlaw) (1863–1898), sister of outlaw Ned Kelly

Kate Kelly (sculptor) (1882–1964), American-Hawaiian sculptor

Kate Kelly (camogie), Wexford camogie player

Kate Kelly (feminist) (born 1980), Washington, D.C. lawyer, and founder of Ordain Women

Kate Kelly (journalist) (born 1975), American journalist

Kate Kelly (feminist)
Kathleen Marie Kelly (born 1980 or 1981) is an American activist, human rights lawyer, and Mormon feminist who founded Ordain Women, an organization advocating for the ordination of women to priesthood offices in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Kelly was excommunicated from the church in 2014. She is also a nationally known advocate for ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) and abortion access.

Kelly came out as queer in 2019 and began a same-sex relationship with a Catholic writer pushing for similar goals within the Catholic Church.
KXL-FM
KXL-FM (101.1 MHz) is a commercial radio station in Portland, Oregon. It is owned by Connoisseur Media and broadcasts a news/talk radio format. The studios are on SW 5th Avenue in downtown Portland. KXL-FM is the flagship station for the nationally syndicated Lars Larson Show. In addition to news blocks in weekday AM and PM drive time, KXL-FM also carries syndicated shows from Chad Benson, Markley, Van Camp and Robbins, Red Eye Radio, This Morning, America's First News with Gordon Deal and America in the Morning.

KXL-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts, the maximum for most FM stations in the U.S. The transmitter is on Barnes Road, a tower site shared with KATU.

Drive time
Drive time is the daypart in which radio broadcasters can reach the most people who listen to car radios while driving, usually to and from work, or on public transportation. Drive-time periods are when the number of radio listeners in this class is at its peak and, thus, commercial radio can generate the most revenue from advertising. Drive time usually coincides with rush hour.
Walther Stampfli
Walther Stampfli (3 December 1884 in Büren, Solothurn – 11 October 1965) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1940–1947).

He was elected to the Federal Council on 18 July 1940 and handed over office on 31 December 1947. He was affiliated to the Free Democratic Party (FDP/PRD).

During his time in office he was in charge of the Federal Department of Economic Affairs and was President of the Confederation in 1944.

Between 1921 and 1940, he worked in the management of Ludwig von Rollschen Eisenwerke. In 1922, he presided the parliament of the Canton of Solothurn. Between 1930 and 1940, Stampfli was a member of the Swiss National Council.

Stampfli was a citizen of Aeschi.

Canton of Solothurn
The canton of Solothurn or canton of Soleure (German: Kanton Solothurn; Romansh: Chantun Soloturn; French: Canton de Soleure; Italian: Canton Soletta) is a canton of Switzerland. It is located in the northwest of Switzerland. The capital is Solothurn.
Harriet Bjerrum Nielsen
Harriet Bjerrum Nielsen (born 27 January 1948) is a Danish philologist and gender studies scholar. She was Professor of Gender Studies at the University of Oslo, and was Director of its Centre for Gender Research from 1993 to 2000 and from 2005 to 2009. Nielsen retired in 2017/2018. Her fields of expertise are gender and identity, subjectivity, gender socialization, and children and youth.

She graduated with a cand.phil. degree at the University of Copenhagen in 1977. In 1981, she became lecturer at the University of Oslo, and associate professor in 1987. She was appointed as the first Professor of Gender Studies at the university in 1993. She was a member of the university board of the University of Oslo from 2002 to 2005.

She worked at the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters Centre for Advanced Study, studying children and youth's development in social and cultural contexts.

Candidate of Philosophy
Candidate of Philosophy can refer to the US degree or status of Candidate in Philosophy (C.Phil. or Ph.C.) granted to Ph.D. students who have been accepted as candidates for that degree, or (as a direct translation) to degrees or former degrees at bachelor's or master's level from some Scandinavian countries.
Rannva Joensen
Rannvá Joensen (born 1 January 1986, in Runavík, Faroe Islands) is a former child star and was one half of the Danish pop duo Creamy. The other member was Rebekka Mathew. The group had success in several countries. Their song "Help! I'm a Fish" was the title song of the animated film Help! I'm a Fish in a version recorded by girl group Little Trees.

Help! I'm a Fish (song)
"Help! I'm a Fish" is a song first released by Danish pop duo Creamy in 2000 for their second album, We Got the Time. The following year, Danish girl group Little Trees released their version which was included in the Danish film Help! I'm a Fish. Both versions were produced by Ole Evenrud. It was certified triple platinum in Scandinavia.
John Trotter (MP)
John Trotter (died 1856) was a British Conservative politician.

He was elected Conservative MP for West Surrey at a by-election in 1840 caused by the succession of George Perceval to the peerage. He held the seat until 1847 when he did not seek re-election.

He died on 31 August 1856, aged 77 at the family home, Horton Manor, Epsom.

West Surrey (UK Parliament constituency)
West Surrey (formally the Western division of Surrey) was a parliamentary constituency in the county of Surrey, which returned two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the bloc vote system.

It was created under the Great Reform Act for the 1832 general election, and abolished for the 1885 general election.
True Love Travels on a Gravel Road
"True Love Travels on a Gravel Road" is a song written by the Frazier-Owens songwriting team and popularized by Elvis Presley. It was originally recorded by Duane Dee in 1968, and was a very minor hit, reaching #58 on the country charts. Elvis recorded the song on 17 February 1969 at American Sound Studios in Memphis. He also performed the song at the International Hotel in the Las Vegas Valley on January 26, 1970. It appears on From Elvis in Memphis, as well as a number of compilations; The Memphis Record, The Memphis 1969 Anthology: Suspicious Minds, and From Nashville to Memphis: The Essential '60s Masters.

From Nashville to Memphis: The Essential '60s Masters
From Nashville to Memphis: The Essential '60s Masters is a five-disc box set compilation of studio master recordings by American singer and musician Elvis Presley during the decade of the 1960s; it was released in 1993 on RCA Records, catalogue number 66160-2. In its initial long-box release, it included a set of collectable stamps duplicating the record jackets of every Presley LP on RCA Victor, and those of the singles pertinent to this box set. The set also includes a booklet with an extensive session list and discography, as well as a lengthy essay by Peter Guralnick. It
was certified Gold by the RIAA on November 30, 1993, and Platinum on January 6, 2004. This set followed an exhaustive box set of Presley's 1950s output and was followed by a collection of his soundtrack work and a more selective box set of his work in the 1970s.