hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Retrospectively rated insurance
Retrospectively rated insurance is a type of insurance that uses retrospective rating: a method of establishing a premium on large commercial accounts. The final premium is based on the insured's actual loss experience during the policy term, sometimes subject to a minimum and maximum premium, with the final premium determined by a formula.

Under this plan, the current year's premium is based partially (or wholly) on the current year's losses, although the premium adjustments may take months or years beyond the current year's expiration date. The rating formula is guaranteed in the insurance contract.

Formula: retrospective premium = (converted loss + basic premium) × tax multiplier. Numerous variations of this formula have been developed and are in use.

In Washington, retrospective rating is used by the Department of Labor & Industries to create an incentive for improving workplace safety and lowering the cost of workers' compensation claims.

Formula
In science, a formula is a concise way of expressing information symbolically, as in a mathematical formula or a chemical formula. The informal use of the term formula in science refers to the general construct of a relationship between given quantities.

The plural of formula can be either formulas (from the most common English plural noun form) or, under the influence of scientific Latin, formulae (from the original Latin).
St John the Baptist's Church, Arkholme
St John the Baptist's Church, is in the village of Arkholme, Lancaster, Lancashire, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Tunstall, the archdeaconry of Lancaster, and the diocese of Blackburn. Its benefice is united with those of St Margaret, Hornby, St John the Evangelist, Gressingham, and St Michael the Archangel, Whittington-in-Lonsdale. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building. It stands at the end of the village street, overlooking the River Lune, within the bailey of a former castle. The former 11th-century motte stands to the northeast of the church.

Arkholme-with-Cawood
Arkholme-with-Cawood is a civil parish of the City of Lancaster in Lancashire, England. The parish of Arkholme-with-Cawood had a population of 334 recorded in the 2001 census, falling marginally to 333 at the 2011 Census. The parish is north east of Lancaster and lies on the B6254 road.
Minnu Mani
Minnu Mani (born 24 March 1999) is an Indian international cricketer who represents the Indian women's national team. She plays for Delhi Capitals in Women's Premier League. In domestic cricket, she represents Kerala cricket team. She became the first Kerala woman cricketer to play for India.

Women's Premier League (cricket)
The Women's Premier League (WPL) is a professional women's Twenty20 (T20) cricket league in India, organised by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI). Founded in 2022, it features five city-based franchise teams. The WPL is one of the most successful cricket leagues in the world.

It is held annually since the first season in 2023. Since 2026, it is held between January and February with a dedicated window in the ICC Future Tours Programme.

As of 2026, there have been four seasons of the tournament with Mumbai Indians and Royal Challengers Bengaluru having won two titles each.
Institute for Orthodox Christian Studies
The Institute for Orthodox Christian Studies (IOCS) is a theological college in Cambridge, England. It works in collaboration with the University of Cambridge and Anglia Ruskin University and awards its degree programs through these universities. IOCS is the only Christian Orthodox institute for higher education in the UK and the only academic institution teaching the Orthodox faith in English anywhere in western Europe. Along with other theological colleges in Cambridge, it is a member of the Cambridge Theological Federation. The institute adopts a holistic approach to learning that integrates academic study with a liturgical life.

Anglia Ruskin University
Anglia Ruskin University (ARU) is a public research university in the region of East Anglia, United Kingdom. Its origins date back to the Cambridge School of Art (CSA), founded in 1858 by William John Beamont, a Fellow of Trinity College at the University of Cambridge. The institution became a university in 1992 and was renamed after John Ruskin, the Oxford University professor and author, in 2005. Ruskin delivered the inaugural speech at the Cambridge School of Art in 1858. ARU is classified as one of the "post-1992 universities." The university's motto is in Latin: Excellentia per societatem, which translates to Excellence through partnership in English.

As of 2022, Anglia Ruskin had 35,195 students. ARU has six campuses across the south-eastern portion of the United Kingdom in Cambridgeshire, Essex, and Greater London.
An Chang-rim
An Chang-rim (Korean: 안창림; Hanja: 安昌林; born 2 March 1994) is a South Korean retired judoka.

An was the world champion in the lightweight division in 2018, He began his rise as one of judo's top lightweights by becoming junior World Champion. It was followed by a two-year podium streak, including wins at the prestigious Grand Slam Abu Dhabi and Tokyo. He is known for his physical, aggressive style of fighting, and is a versatile stylist of seoi nage.

An won a bronze medal at the 2015 World Championships. South Korea's premier lightweight, he represented Korea at the 2016 Olympics. He was also seeded first at the Olympics. He is currently ranked fourth in the world. In December 2021 he officially announced retirement.

University of Tsukuba
The University of Tsukuba (筑波大学, Tsukuba daigaku) is a national research university located in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.

The university has 28 college clusters and schools with around 16,500 students (as of 2014). The main Tsukuba campus covers an area of 258 hectares (636 acres), making it the second largest single campus in Japan.

The university has a branch campus in Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, offering graduate programs for working adults in the capital and managing K-12 schools in Tokyo that are attached to the university.

Three Nobel Prize laurates have taught at the university, Leo Esaki, Hideki Shirakawa and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga. Apart from them, Satoshi Ōmura studied as an audit student.
Maia Lidador
Maia Lidador is a Portuguese football club based in Maia, Porto Metropolitan Area. Founded in 2009, it is the successor of the now-extinct F.C. Maia, and until now, it has only played in regional divisions. The club holds home matches at the Estádio Municipal Dr. José Vieira de Carvalho, with a capacity for 12,000 spectators.

Porto metropolitan area
The Porto Metropolitan Area (Portuguese: Área Metropolitana do Porto; abbreviated as AMP) is a metropolitan area in northern Portugal centered on the City of Porto, Portugal's second largest city. The metropolitan area, covering 17 municipalities, is the second largest urban area in the country and one of the largest in the European Union, with a population in 2024 of 1,818,217 in an area of 2,040.31 km².

The Porto Metropolitan Area is a major economic engine in Portugal, with a very high HDI (Human Development Index) and a GDP above the European average. Porto has been Portugal's largest manufacturing region since the Industrial Revolution and is home to many of the country's largest corporations.

It is chaired by Pedro Duarte (PSD).
Moutet
Moutet is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Corentin Moutet (born 1999), French tennis player

Marius Moutet (1876–1968), French Socialist politician and Minister for Colonies

Anne-Elisabeth Moutet (born 1965), French-British journalist and author

Anne-Elisabeth Moutet
Anne-Elisabeth Moutet is a French journalist, writer and columnist. She writes for The Daily Telegraph in London particularly on international affairs, and for UnHerd. She is a regular commentator on the BBC, SKY News, Times Radio, BFMTV, Deutsche Welle, RTS, Radio Canada, ASharqNews, WION TV.
Brooksby (surname)
Brooksby is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Angie Elizabeth Brooksby (born 1965), American painter

Eleanor Brooksby, English noblewoman

Jenson Brooksby (born 2000), American tennis player

John Burns Brooksby (1914–1998), Scottish veterinarian

Keegan Brooksby (born 1990), Australian rules footballer

Jenson Brooksby
Jenson Tyler "J. T." Brooksby (born October 26, 2000) is an American professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 33, achieved on June 13, 2022. Brooksby has won one ATP Tour singles title at the 2025 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships.
Emma Rigby
Emma Rigby (born 26 September 1989) is an English actress and model. After rising to prominence for her role as Hannah Ashworth in Hollyoaks (2005–2010, 2024), she later played Gemma Roscoe in the BBC One drama series Prisoners' Wives and as the Red Queen in the American fantasy-drama Once Upon a Time in Wonderland. She also played the lead role of Angie in Movies 24's A Cinderella Christmas, directed by Tosca Musk.

Movies 24
Movies 24 is a British pay television channel owned and operated by Sky Group. Launched on 26 June 2006, the channel primarily airs television films and shows originally broadcast on the Hallmark Channel.

For a full quarter of each year (October to December), the channel undergoes a seasonal rebranding as Christmas 24 and Christmas 24+, offering a lineup of festive films beyond just the Christmas season.
Elizabeth Callaghan
Elizabeth Callaghan (1802–1852; also Eliza Thompson, later Elizabeth Batman and Sarah Willoughby) was a convict born in Ireland in 1802 and shipped to the penal colony in New South Wales at the age of 17 for passing a counterfeit bank note for £1 with intent to defraud the Bank of England. She travelled with 103 other convicts on 6 June 1821 and arrived in Hobart on 7 January 1822. The town of Mount Eliza near Melbourne is named after her.

Counterfeit
A counterfeit is a fake or unauthorized replica of a genuine product, such as money, documents, designer items, or other valuable goods. Counterfeiting generally involves creating an imitation of a genuine item that closely resembles the original to deceive others into believing it is authentic.

Counterfeit products are often made to take advantage of the higher value of the original product, typically using lower-quality materials or production methods. Counterfeit food, drinks, medicines, and personal care products can contain harmful or inactive ingredients, causing anything from mild issues to serious, life-threatening ones. Counterfeit footwear, clothing, and accessories have been found to contain high levels of lead, arsenic, and phthalates.
Thadi railway station
Thadi railway station (station code: THY), located in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, serves Golagam and Thadi villages from Anakapalle mandal in Anakapalli district. It lies in Howrah–Chennai main line. It is 10 km from Duvvada and 6 km from Anakapalle.

Thadi
Thadi (Nepali: ठाड़ी) or Thadi Viswaspatti is a very old border town and a market place of Nepal in Siraha District bordering Indian town of Laukaha. It is currently part of Bhagwanpur Rural municipality. It is located nearly 370 kilometers or 107 miles east of the capital, Kathmandu.
Thadi was part of Tirhut Rulers of Simraungarh. The region was under rule of Karnad Dynasty formed by Nanyadeva
Thadi is one of the few towns which is a part of agreed route for Mutual Trade between India and Nepal. Nepal Government has set up a dedicated customs office in the town.

Thadi Customs Office has seen consistent growth in customs revenue. Food Grains and FMCG products are main imports while construction material and artefacts like Mitila Paintings are main exports.

The town connects Lahan, Nepal to India.
1974 NCAA Division III soccer tournament
The 1974 NCAA Division III Soccer Championship was the inaugural tournament held by the NCAA to determine the top men's Division III college soccer program in the United States.

Brockport State defeated Swarthmore in the championship match, 3–1, to win their first Division III national title.

The semifinals and final were played at Wheaton College in Wheaton, Illinois.

Wheaton, Illinois
Wheaton is a city in and the county seat of DuPage County, Illinois, United States. It is located in Milton and Winfield Townships, approximately 25 miles (40 km) west of Chicago. As of the 2020 census, Wheaton's population was 53,970, making it the 27th-most populous municipality in the state.
Marilyn Rasmussen
Marilyn J. Rasmussen (born March 10, 1939) is an American farmer and politician who served as a member of the Washington State Senate, representing the 2nd district from 1993 to 2009. A member of the Democratic Party, she previously served as a member of the Washington House of Representatives from 1987 to 1993.

Washington House of Representatives
The Washington House of Representatives is the lower house of the Washington State Legislature, and along with the Washington State Senate makes up the legislature of the U.S. state of Washington. It is composed of 98 Representatives from 49 districts, each of which elects one Senator and two members of the House. They are elected to separate positions with the top-two primary system. All members of the House are elected to a two-year term without term limits. The House meets at the State Capitol in Olympia.
Mayurpankhi
Mayurpankhi is an Indian Bengali television soap opera that  premiered on 12 November 2018, and  aired on Bengali General Entertainment Channel Star Jalsha, and is also available on the digital platform Hotstar. The show was produced by Magic Moments Motion Pictures of Saibal Banerjee and Leena Gangopadhyay.

The show starred Sohini Guha Roy (of Colors Bangla's show "Resham Jhanpi" fame)  and Soumya Mukherjee (who had previously acted in a Hoichoi web series). The show explores the star crossed romance of Tisham and Souradeep who struggle to unite for their love under adverse circumstances.

Colors Bangla
Colors Bangla (previously known as ETV Bangla) is an Indian general entertainment pay television channel broadcasting in Bengali language. It was launched in 2000 as ETV Bangla, owned by the Hyderabad-based ETV Network. It was later sold to TV18 and was rebranded under the Colors moniker.
Bruno Fitoussi
Bruno Fitoussi (born 21 September 1958) is a French professional poker player from Paris.

Fitoussi's first televised poker outing was on the original poker show Late Night Poker. He finished 7th in his heat, which also featured Surinder Sunar, Peter "The Bandit" Evans and Donnacha O'Dea.

In 2001, Fitoussi won the World Heads-Up Poker Championship, defeating Amarillo Slim in the Grand Final.

In 2003, Fitoussi finished in 8th place in the first World Poker Tour (WPT) Championship. He also finished 15th in the $10,000 World Series of Poker (WSOP) Main Event.

In 2005, Fitoussi finished 2nd in the $1,500 Seven Card Razz event.

In 2007, Fitoussi finished 2nd to Freddy Deeb in the $50,000 WSOP H.O.R.S.E event, winning $1,278,720.

As of 2024, his total live tournament winnings exceed $3,500,000. His 8 cashes at the WSOP account for $1,516,167 of those winnings.

Late Night Poker
Late Night Poker is a British television series that helped popularize poker in the 2000s. It used "under the table" cameras that enabled the viewer to see each player's cards.

The show originally ran for six series between 1999 and 2002. After a couple of spin-off series, Late Night Poker Ace and Late Night Poker Masters, it returned in 2008.
Wisk'achayuq (Bolivia)
Wisk'achayuq (Quechua wisk'acha viscacha -yuq a suffix, "the one with viscachas", also spelled Viscachayoj, Wiscachayo) is a mountain in the Bolivian Andes which reaches a height of approximately 3,800 m (12,500 ft). It is located in the Chuquisaca Department, on the border of the Jaime Zudáñez Province, Icla Municipality, and the Tomina Province, Sopachuy Municipality.

Chuquisaca Department
Chuquisaca (Spanish pronunciation: [tʃukiˈsaka]; Guarani: Chuquisaca; Quechua: Chuqichaka; Aymara: Chuqisaka) is a department of Bolivia located in the center south. It borders on the departments of Cochabamba, Tarija, Potosí, and Santa Cruz. The departmental capital is Sucre, which is also the constitutional capital of Bolivia.
CCL14
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 14 (CCL14) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. It is also commonly known as HCC-1.  It is produced as a protein precursor that is processed to generate a mature active protein containing 74 amino acids that and is 46% identical in amino acid composition to CCL3 and CCL4.  This chemokine is expressed in various tissues including spleen, bone marrow, liver, muscle, and gut.  CCL14 activates monocytes, but does not induce their chemotaxis. Human CCL14 is located on chromosome 17 within a cluster of other chemokines belonging to the CC family.

Monocyte
Monocytes are a type of leukocyte or white blood cell. They are the largest type of leukocyte in the blood and can differentiate into macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. As a part of the vertebrate innate immune system monocytes also influence adaptive immune responses and exert tissue repair functions.  There are at least three subclasses of monocytes in human blood based on their phenotypic receptors.
Ain Dubai
Ain Dubai (Arabic: عين دبي; lit. 'eye of Dubai') is a giant Ferris wheel located at Bluewaters Island in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is the world's tallest observation wheel, at a height of 250 m (820 ft), since October 2021.

Ain Dubai is 82.4 m (270 ft) taller than the previous world's tallest observation wheel, the 167.6 m (550 ft) High Roller, which opened in Las Vegas in March 2014.

The wheel is designed to carry up to 1,750 passengers in 48 cabins and to provide views of Dubai Marina and landmarks such as Burj Al Arab, Palm Jumeirah, and Burj Khalifa.

It is powered by hydraulic motors through 64 rubber tyre friction rollers of 310/80R22.5 size located at the ends of the boarding platform.

Palm Jumeirah
The Palm Jumeirah (Arabic: نخلة جميرا) is an archipelago of artificial islands on the Persian Gulf in Jumeirah, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is part of a larger series of developments called the Palm Islands, including Palm Jebel Ali and the Dubai Islands, which, when completed, will together increase Dubai's shoreline by a total of 520 kilometres (320 mi). It has a population of over 25,000 as of 2022.

The islands were created using land reclamation. They were created to resemble a palm tree when seen from the air, and are roughly divided into three areas: "trunk", "fronds", and "outer crescent". The trunk is a mixed commercial and residential area, the fronds are reserved for residential homes and villas, while the outer crescent is used for luxury and upscale resorts.

The Palm Jumeirah was constructed by a Dutch specialist dredging company, Van Oord. The same company also created The World Islands.
Oxford–Bicester line
The Oxford–Bicester line is a railway line linking Oxford and Bicester in Oxfordshire, England. Opened in 1850, later becoming part of a through route to Cambridge, it closed in 1967 along with much of the rest of the original line. The section between Oxford and Bicester was reopened in 1987 as a branch line, and closed from early 2014 to late 2015 for a substantial upgrade in which it became part of a new route between Oxford and London Marylebone via High Wycombe. In addition, it is intended that by 2025 the original route eastwards will be restored as far as Bletchley allowing services to run to Bedford. This East West Rail project includes a long-term plan to re-establish the route through to Cambridge.

Bletchley
Bletchley is a constituent town of Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England, in the south-west of the city, split between the civil parishes of Bletchley and Fenny Stratford and West Bletchley, which In 2011 had a combined population of 37,114.

Bletchley is best known for Bletchley Park, the headquarters of Britain's World War II codebreaking organisation, and now a major tourist attraction. The National Museum of Computing is also located on the Park.
Júlio Sarmento da Costa
Júlio Sarmento da Costa (20 July 1959 – 24 May 2024), also known by his nom de guerre Meta Mali, was an East Timorese politician and a member of the Democratic Party (PD). From May 2020 to July 2023, he was Minister for the Affairs of National Liberation Combatants, serving in the VIII Constitutional Government of Timor-Leste led by Prime Minister Taur Matan Ruak.

Previously, between August 2012 and February 2015, he was Secretary of State for the Combatants for National Liberation Affairs, and in 2017–2018 he was a Member of the National Parliament.

Democratic Party (Timor-Leste)
The Democratic Party (Portuguese: Partido Democrático, PD) or the Democratic Party in Timor-Leste is a political party in Timor-Leste, established on 10 June 2001. Currently, most of the members of the party are of the young generation who are studying abroad, and those who have completed their studies in Indonesia, Norway, Portugal, Australia, New Zealand and the United States.
Sean Jamison
Sean Jamison (born 27 January 1990) is a South African cricketer who played for the Highveld Lions cricket team. He was the leading wicket-taker in the 2017–18 Sunfoil 3-Day Cup for Gauteng, with 32 dismissals in eight matches. He was also the leading wicket-taker for Gauteng in the 2018–19 CSA 3-Day Provincial Cup, with 37 dismissals in seven matches. In April 2021, he was named in Border's squad, ahead of the 2021–22 cricket season in South Africa.

Lions cricket team (South Africa)
The Lions cricket team is a professional cricket team based at Johannesburg in South Africa. The home venue is the Wanderers Stadium.

The team plays in the CSA 4-Day Series first class cricket competition as well as in the CSA One-Day Cup, and CSA T20 Challenge limited over competitions.
SM UC-60
SM UC-60 was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. The U-boat was ordered on 12 January 1916, laid down on 31 March 1916, and was launched on 8 November 1916. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 25 June 1917 as SM UC-60. In one patrols UC-60 was credited with sinking one ship, either by torpedo or by mines laid. UC-60 was surrendered on 23 February 1919 and was broken up at Rainham in 1921.

Minelayer
A minelayer is any warship, submarine, military aircraft or land vehicle deploying explosive mines. Since World War I the term "minelayer" refers specifically to a naval ship used for deploying naval mines. "Mine planting" was the term for installing controlled mines at predetermined positions in connection with coastal fortifications or harbor approaches that would be detonated by shore control when a ship was fixed as being within the mine's effective range.

An army's special-purpose combat engineering vehicles used to lay landmines are sometimes called "minelayers".