hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leader of the Opposition (Spain)
The leader of the opposition (Spanish: Líder de la oposición) is an unofficial, mostly conventional and honorary title frequently (but not exclusively) held by the leader of the largest party in the Congress of Deputies—the lower house of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales—not within the government. They are usually the person who is expected to lead that party into the next general election.

From 31 October 2016 to 18 June 2017, the title was disputed between the two largest parties in the left, the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) and Podemos. The position was left nominally vacant after Mariano Rajoy's government was ousted in a motion of no confidence on 2 June 2018, until the election of Pablo Casado as new PP leader. From 23 February 2022, the position was again left vacant following the ousting of Casado by most of the leading members of his party, led by Galician and Madrilenian presidents Alberto Núñez Feijóo and Isabel Díaz Ayuso.

Manuel Fraga
Manuel Fraga Iribarne (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈnwel ˈfɾaɣajɾiˈβaɾne]; 23 November 1922 – 15 January 2012) was a Spanish professor and politician during the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, and one of the founders of the People's Alliance (Alianza Popular; AP). Fraga was the Minister of Information and Tourism between 1962 and 1969, Ambassador to the United Kingdom between 1973 and 1975, Minister of the Interior in 1975, Second Deputy Prime Minister between 1975 and 1976.

After the fall of the regime, Fraga was one of the Fathers of the Constitution and the President of the People's Alliance/People's Party (PP) between 1979 and 1990. He served as President of Galicia between 1990 and 2005, being a member of the Congress of Deputies and a senator until November 2011. A key political figures in Spain, Fraga was active during both General Francisco Franco's regime and the subsequent transition to representative democracy.
Bilikisu Labaran
Bilkisu Labaran is a Nigerian journalist, editor and head of Africa News & Current affairs at BBC.  She played a vital role in the establiment of BBC pidgin and is the first Nigerian BBC editor. She currently works as an executive at BBC Africa Eye documentaries

Before joining the BBC, she was a lecturer at Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria and was the Nigeria Country Director for the BBC World Service Trust. and was ranked number five of 25 Most Powerful Women in Nigerian journalism in 2020, compiled by Women in Journalism Africa.

BBC News Pidgin
BBC News Pidgin is an online news service in West African Pidgin English that was launched by the BBC World Service in 2017. It is based in Lagos, Nigeria.

Pidgin, first used by British and African slavers to facilitate the Atlantic slave trade in the late 17th century, has become one of the most widely spoken languages in West Africa, with up to 75 million speakers in Nigeria alone. However, it does not have a standard written form. In turn, the BBC developed a "standardised" form of Pidgin aiming to serve all West African speakers which has certain traits not found in other forms, such as increased usage of inflections.
Msheireb Downtown Doha
Msheireb Downtown Doha is a planned city in Doha, Qatar constructed as a regeneration of the historical district of Mushayrib. It is promoted as being the world's first sustainable downtown regeneration project and one of the smartest cities on earth, strategically located in the heart of Doha. Initial construction began in January 2010. Located in the downtown area of Qatar's capital city, it is set to occupy 310,000 sq m with the total cost of construction amounting to approximately $5.5 billion. It was launched in six phases by Msheireb Properties, a subsidiary of Qatar Foundation.

The project is a flagship project for Msheireb Properties, and aims to preserve the historical downtown area of Doha. Orange Business helped transform the flagship project and it also been awarded in Smart City world congress in Barcelona. This prize recognizes the most innovative and successful smart city project being implemented and developed in the fields of governance and finance.

Al Koot Fort
Al Koot Fort, commonly known as the Doha Fort, is a historical military fortress located in the heart of Doha, Qatar's capital city. It was built in 1927 by Sheikh Abdulla bin Qassim Al Thani, better known as Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani, who ruled Qatar from 1913 until 1949, after Sheikh Mohammed bin Jassim Al Thani, Sheikh Abdullah's brother, abdicated in favor of him. The fort was later converted into a museum.

Qatari traditional handicrafts, products and photos of daily life with illustrations are housed in the fort. Exhibits and artworks include handicrafts, gypsum and wooden ornaments, fishing equipment and boats, historical photos and paintings including oil paintings of craft workers and daily life.
1983 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1983.

Residue (chemistry)
In chemistry, residue is whatever remains or acts as a contaminant after a given class of events. Residue may be the material remaining after a process of preparation, separation, or purification, such as distillation, evaporation, or filtration. It may also denote the undesired by-products of a chemical reaction.

Residues as an undesired by-product are a concern in agricultural and food industries.
Mark Spencer (botanist)
Mark Spencer is a British forensic botanist and botanical consultant. He also monitors the changing composition of London's plantlife. He is the honorary botany curator for the Linnean Society of London.

Forensic biology
Forensic biology is the application of biological principles and techniques in the investigation of criminal and civil cases.

Forensic biology is primarily concerned with analyzing biological and serological evidence in order to obtain a DNA profile, which aids law enforcement in the identification of potential suspects or unidentified remains. This field encompasses various sub-branches, including forensic anthropology, forensic entomology, forensic odontology, forensic pathology, and forensic toxicology.
Hypomimia
Hypomimia (masked facies, masking of facies, mask-like facial expression), a medical sign, is a reduced degree of facial expression. It can be caused by motor impairment (for example, weakness or paralysis of the facial muscles), as in Parkinson's disease, or by other causes, such as psychological or psychiatric factors (for example, if a patient does not feel emotions and thus does not show any expression).
Persons receiving excessive Botox treatments and thus losing disproportionate facial expression features may be incorrectly identified as suffering from hypomimia.

Motor system
The motor system is the set of central and peripheral structures in the nervous system that support motor functions, i.e. movement. Peripheral structures may include skeletal muscles and neural connections with muscle tissues. Central structures include cerebral cortex, brainstem, spinal cord, pyramidal system including the upper motor neurons, extrapyramidal system, cerebellum, and the lower motor neurons in the brainstem and the spinal cord.

The motor system is a biological system with close ties to the muscular system and the circulatory system. To achieve motor skill, the motor system must accommodate the working state of the muscles, whether hot or cold, stiff or loose, as well as physiological fatigue.
Precious Time
Precious Time can refer to:

Precious Time (album), an album by Pat Benatar

"Precious Time" (Van Morrison song), a single by Van Morrison

"Precious Time" (The Maccabees song), a single by The Maccabees

"Precious Time", a song by Night Ranger from their album Feeding off the Mojo

Precious Time (Van Morrison song)
"Precious Time" is a popular song written by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison and recorded on his 1999 album, Back on Top.  It was released as a single in the UK and charted at No. 36. Since first recording it, Morrison has played it in concert 574 times from March 1998 until June 2008, making it one of his most frequently performed songs.
2019 Vietnam Open (badminton)
The 2019 Vietnam Open (officially known as the Yonex-Sunrise Vietnam Open 2019 for sponsorship reasons) was a badminton tournament which took place at Nguyen Du Cultural Sports Club in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, from 10 to 15 September 2019 and had a total purse of $75,000.

Mark Lamsfuß
Mark Lamsfuß (born 19 April 1994) is a German badminton player and plays for the BC Wipperfeld. He and his partner, Isabel Lohau won a bronze medal in mixed doubles at the 2022 BWF World Championships.
Kavşak Bendi Dam
The Kavşak Bendi Dam is a concrete-face rock-fill dam on the Seyhan River bordering Kozan and Aladağ districts in Adana Province, Turkey. Construction on the dam began in 2008 and the first generator was commissioned in 2013. The two remaining generators were commissioned by April 2014. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation. Water is sent about 2.5 km (1.6 mi) downstream where it meets the power station which contains three 59 MW Francis turbine-generators.

Adana Province
Adana Province (Turkish: Adana ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey located in central Cilicia. The administrative seat of the province is the city of Adana, home to 78.25% of the residents of the province. Its area is 13,844 km2, and its population is 2,274,106 (2022). It is also closely associated with other Cilician provinces of Mersin, Osmaniye, and (northern) Hatay.
Horace Ott
Horace Ott (born April 15, 1933) is an American jazz and R&B composer, arranger, record producer, conductor and pianist. He is noted for his work since the late 1950s with a wide variety of artists, including The Shirelles, Don Covay, Nina Simone, Houston Person, and the Village People.

Bernard Purdie
Bernard Lee "Pretty" Purdie (born June 11, 1939) is an American drummer, and an influential R&B, soul, funk and jazz musician. He is known for his precise time-keeping and his signature use of triplets against a half-time backbeat: the Purdie shuffle. He was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 2013.

Purdie recorded Soul Drums (1968) as a band leader and although he went on to record Alexander's Ragtime Band, the album remained unreleased until Soul Drums was reissued on CD in 2009 with the Alexander's Ragtime Band sessions. Other solo albums include Purdie Good! (1971), Soul Is... Pretty Purdie (1972) and the soundtrack for the blaxploitation film Lialeh (1973).

In the mid-1990s, he was a member of the 3B's, with Bross Townsend and Bob Cunningham.
Michele Little
Michele Little (born c. 1960s) is an American former actress, best known for her appearances in the 1980s and early 1990s. She retired in 1995 to raise a family after giving birth to a daughter with husband Brett Cullen and again in 1999.

Brett Cullen
Peter Brett Cullen (born August 26, 1956) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Dan Fixx in Falcon Crest (1986–1988), Sam Cain in The Young Riders (1989–1990), Governor Ray Sullivan in The West Wing (2005–2006), Goodwin Stanhope in Lost (2005–2008), Mark Keeler in Make It or Break It (2009–2012), Nathan Ingram in Person of Interest, and Michael Stappord in Devious Maids (2013–2015).
Vitiligo (album)
Vitiligo is the debut album by American rapper Krizz Kaliko. His debut album comes after spending several years lending his voice to releases from Tech N9ne and his other labelmates. The album's title comes from the skin disorder vitiligo, which Krizz has.

The album contained several guests features, such as Tech N9ne, who appeared on a good portion of the album. Other names who appeared on the album include the group Twiztid, bay area rapper E-40 as well as several of Kaliko's fellow label mates. The clean version of the album included one more feature, King Gordy, on the track "Mirror, Mirror." Those who pre-ordered the album through F.Y.E. received a free bonus downloadable track titled "In Da Whip."

In its release week, Vitiligo found its way onto several Billboard charts. Among them were the Billboard 200 at #167, Top Independent Albums at #19 and Top Rap Albums at #20.

Tech N9ne
Aaron Dontez Yates (born November 8, 1971), better known by his stage name Tech N9ne (pronounced "tech nine"), is an American rapper, songwriter, and singer. In 1999, he and business partner Travis O'Guin founded the record label Strange Music. He has sold over two million albums and his music has been featured in film, television, and interactive media. In 2009, he won the Left Field Woodie Award broadcast on mtvU.

His stage name originated from the TEC-9 semi-automatic handgun, a name given to him by rapper Black Walt due to his fast-rhyming chopper style. Yates later applied a deeper meaning to the name, stating that it stands for the complete technique of rhyme, with "tech" meaning technique and "nine" representing the number of completion.
Jarboe
Jarboe Devereaux, (born January 30) known mononymously as Jarboe (/dʒɑːrˈboʊ/), is an American singer and musician who came to prominence as a member of the New York City experimental rock band Swans in 1985. Jarboe and Michael Gira, the founder of Swans, were the two constant members of the group until it broke up in 1997.

Although absent from the group's lineup when the band reformed in 2010, Jarboe contributed background vocals and voice collage for the band's 2012 album, The Seer. She has released numerous solo albums and collaborations, many of which have been self-published. She also co-composed the soundtrack of the 2009 psychological horror game The Path.

Experimental rock
Experimental rock (originally known as avant-garde rock or avant-rock) is a subgenre of rock music that emerged in the 1960s. The genre emphasizes innovation over commercial appeal, incorporating influences and ideas lifted from avant-garde music through traditional rock music instrumentation. It is primarily characterized by its use of unconventional song structures, musical techniques, rhythms and lyricism, usually deemed challenging, difficult, inaccessible or underground.
Percee P
Percee P is an American rapper from the Bronx, New York. He first gained recognition in the hip-hop community in the early 1990s for his fast-paced, intricate rhymes and unique flow. He is known for his collaborations with other notable hip-hop artists, including Lord Finesse and Madlib. Percee P has released several albums throughout his career, including Perseverance in 2007. He continues to be a respected figure in the underground hip-hop scene.

Jurassic 5
Jurassic 5 is an American alternative hip hop group formed by rappers Charles Stewart (Chali 2na), Dante Givens (Akil), Courtenay Henderson (Soup, a.k.a. Zaakir), and Marc Stuart (Marc 7); and disc jockeys Mark Potsic (DJ Nu-Mark) and Lucas Macfadden (Cut Chemist). 
The six-piece crew came out of the Los Angeles venue Good Life. The group broke up in 2007, shortly after releasing the LP Feedback, citing "musical differences," but returned to the stage in 2013 and released a new track in 2014. The members have continued to release music individually.
Listed buildings in Heanor and Loscoe
Heanor and Loscoe is a civil parish in the Amber Valley district of Derbyshire, England.  The parish contains ten listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish contains the town of Heanor and the area of Loscoe to the north.  The listed buildings consist of houses, a church, a barn, a public house, a monument in a cemetery, a former town hall, a former bank, and a school.

Heanor
Heanor (/ˈhiːnə/) is a town in the Amber Valley district of Derbyshire, England. It lies 8 miles (13 km) north-east of Derby and forms, with the adjacent village of Loscoe, the civil parish and town council-administered area of Heanor and Loscoe, which had a population of 17,251 in the 2011 census.
Cyril Collard (footballer)
Cyril Collard (20 September 1934 – 20 December 2011) played 13 games for Australian rules football club Hawthorn between 1957 and 1958, scoring 3 goals. He was the first Indigenous Australian to play for Hawthorn being of the Noongar people of Western Australia.

Collard started his career at Subiaco Football Club achieving top three finishes in the best and fairest award during his two seasons at the club.  He moved to Melbourne in 1956 and after initially training with Collingwood he chose to play with Hawthorn.  Subiaco, however refused to clear him and he sat out of football for the 1956 season until the National Football Council granted him a clearance for the 1957 season.

After retiring from professional football Collard became a professional runner reaching the final of a Stawell Gift.

He served in the Metropolitan Fire Brigade between 7 February 1958 and 3 June 1988 reaching the rank of senior fire fighter.

Subiaco Football Club
The Subiaco Football Club, nicknamed the Lions and known before 1973 as the Maroons, is an Australian rules football club in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) and WAFL Women's (WAFLW). It was founded in 1896, and admitted to the WAFL in 1901, along with North Fremantle. The club is currently based at Sullivan Logistics Stadium having previously played at Subiaco Oval.
Mary O'Grady
Mary Anastasia O'Grady is an American editor involved in several controversial articles, and columnist who works for The Wall Street Journal. She has, also, been a member of The Wall Street Journal editorial board since 2005. She writes predominantly on Latin America and is a co-editor of the Index of Economic Freedom. She is a recipient of the Bastiat Prize.

Index of Economic Freedom
The Index of Economic Freedom is an annual index and ranking created in 1995 by the Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal to measure the degree of economic freedom in the world's nations. The creators of the index assert that they take an approach inspired by Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations, that "basic institutions that protect the liberty of individuals to pursue their own economic interests result in greater prosperity for the larger society".
Rebecca Himschoot
Rebecca Himschoot is an American politician who currently serves in the Alaska House of Representatives. She received her bachelor's degree in elementary education from the University of Alaska Southeast and her Master of Education from Gonzaga University.

Alaska House of Representatives
The Alaska House of Representatives is the lower house in the Alaska State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Alaska. The House is composed of 40 members, each of whom represents a district of approximately 17,756 people per 2010 census figures.  Members serve two-year terms without term limits. With 40 representatives, the Alaska House is the smallest state legislative lower chamber in the United States. The House convenes at the State Capitol in Juneau.
Clara Iemma
Clara Marie Iemma (born 31 October 1998) is an Australian cricketer. She is an all-rounder who bats left-handed and bowls right-arm off break. She has played four List A matches for the Australian Capital Territory in the Women's National Cricket League (WNCL). She signed a one-year deal with the Sydney Sixers in 2017; however, injury prevented her from making a WBBL appearance.

Iemma was born in Beverly Hills, Sydney. She is the eldest child of former Labor politician Morris Iemma, who served as premier of New South Wales from 2005 to 2008.

Premier of New South Wales
The premier of New South Wales is the head of government in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The Government of New South Wales follows the Westminster Parliamentary System, with a Parliament of New South Wales acting as the legislature. The premier is appointed by the Governor of New South Wales, and by modern convention holds office by their ability to command the support of a majority of members of the lower house of Parliament, the Legislative Assembly.

Before Federation in 1901, the term "prime minister of New South Wales" was also used. "Premier" has been used more or less exclusively from 1901, to avoid confusion with the federal prime minister of Australia.

The current premier is Chris Minns, the leader of the New South Wales Labor Party, who assumed office on 28 March 2023. Minns defeated Dominic Perrottet at the election held on 25 March 2023, after twelve years of Liberal/National Coalition rule.
Bouie v. City of Columbia
Bouie v. City of Columbia, 378 U.S. 347 (1964), was a case in which the US Supreme Court held that due process prohibits retroactive application of any judicial construction of a criminal statute that is unexpected and indefensible by reference to the law that has been expressed prior to the conduct in issue. The holding is based on the Fourteenth Amendment prohibition by the Due Process Clause of ex post facto laws.

Due Process Clause
A Due Process Clause is found in both the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, which prohibit the deprivation of "life, liberty, or property" by the federal and state governments, respectively, without due process of law.

The U.S. Supreme Court interprets these clauses to guarantee a variety of protections: procedural due process (in civil and criminal proceedings); substantive due process (a guarantee of some fundamental rights); a prohibition against vague laws; incorporation of the Bill of Rights to state governments; and equal protection under the laws of the federal government.
John Ferrillo
John Ferrillo is an American oboist. He has been the Principal Oboe of the Boston Symphony Orchestra since 2001. He is also member at the Tanglewood Music Center.  Prior to these posts, he was Co-Principal Oboe of the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra in New York from 1986 to 2001 as well as a former teacher at the Juilliard School and Mannes School of Music.  Ferrillo studied with John de Lancie at the Curtis Institute of Music.

Curtis Institute of Music
The Curtis Institute of Music is a private conservatory in Philadelphia. It offers a performance diploma, a Bachelor of Music, Master of Music in opera, and a Professional Studies Certificate in opera. All students attend on a full scholarship. The Institute also offers needs based financial aid to help cover living expenses.
Road 47 (Iran)
Road 47 is a road in northwestern Iran. It connects the major city of Isfahan with the city of Arak, the city of Hamedan, and the city of Zanjan. It is located within Hamadan Province, Isfahan Province, Markazi Province, and Zanjan Province.

Zanjan province
Zanjan province (Persian: استان زنجان) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Zanjan. It is a mountainous province with close to 22,000 km2 of land placed in Iran's Region 3. Two-thirds of the people of the province live in the cities, mainly the capital and Abhar.