hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas William Walker
Thomas William Walker, ONZM (2 July 1916 – 8 November 2010) was an Anglo-New Zealand soil scientist.  He was known as "Tom" or "John" or "Johnnie" after the Johnnie Walker brand of whisky, or "The Prof" to students and latterly viewers of Maggie's Garden Show. To his family he was "Baba".

Born in Shepshed, Leicestershire, he was educated at Loughborough Grammar School and the Royal College of Science.  He continued his career at Rothamsted Experimental Station, University of Manchester and for the National Agricultural Advisory Service.  In 1952, he emigrated to New Zealand, to become the first professor of soil science at Canterbury Agricultural College.  He returned to Britain in 1958, but came back in 1960, to his old job at the soon to be renamed Lincoln College, New Zealand.  He retired in 1979, becoming emeritus professor from then until his death in 2010.

Royal College of Science
The Royal College of Science was a higher education institution located in South Kensington; it was a constituent college of Imperial College London from 1907 until it was wholly absorbed by Imperial in 2002. Still to this day, graduates from the Faculty of Natural Sciences at Imperial College London receive an Associateship to the Royal College of Science. Organisations linked with the college include the Royal College of Science Union and the Royal College of Science Association.
Cuba–Mexico relations
The nations of Cuba and Mexico have had uninterrupted diplomatic relations since their establishment in 1902. Both nations are members of the Association of Caribbean States, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Latin American Integration Association, Organization of Ibero-American States, and the United Nations.

Latin American Integration Association
The Latin American Integration Association / Asociación Latinoamericana de Integración / Associação Latino-Americana de Integração (LAIA / ALADI) is an international and regional scope organization. It was created on 12 August 1980 by the 1980 Montevideo Treaty, replacing the Latin American Free Trade Association (LAFTA/ALALC). Currently, it has 13 member countries, and any of the Latin American States may apply for accession.
Lindeman-Sobel approach to artistic wind performance
The Lindeman-Sobel Approach to Artistic Wind Performance is a comprehensive method in music that aims to harmonize various elements of wind instrument playing. This includes the coordination of fingers, air stream (or bow usage for string instruments), rhythm, and the physical attributes of the instrument, such as the length of the tube or string being played.

This approach was initially developed by Henry Lindeman (July 28, 1902 – March 7, 1961). He was an American woodwind musician known for his association with the Paul Whiteman Orchestra. It was later refined and expanded by Phil Sobel (May 13, 1917 – September 14, 2008), a prominent first chair woodwind player in the NBC staff orchestra and the leader of the West Coast Saxophone Quartet. Sobel, who studied under Lindeman from 1935 to 1946, played a significant role in advancing and popularizing this method.

Harmonization
In music, harmonization is the chordal accompaniment to a line or melody: "Using chords and melodies together, making harmony by stacking scale tones as triads".

A harmonized scale can be created by using each note of a musical scale as a root note for a chord and then by taking other tones within the scale building the rest of a chord.
For example, using an Ionian (major scale)

the root note would become the I major chord,

the second note the ii minor chord,

the third note the iii minor chord,

the fourth note the IV major chord,

the fifth note the V major chord (or even a dominant 7th),

the sixth note the vi minor chord,

the seventh note the vii diminished chord and

the octave would be a I major chord.

Using the minor (aeolian mode) one would have:

i minor,

ii diminished,

(♭)III major,

iv minor,

v minor,

(♭)VI major,

(♭)VII major and

the i minor an octave higher.
Carnesecchi Triptych
The Carnesecchi Triptych was an altarpiece of c. 1423–1425 by Masolino, Masaccio and others, depicting the Madonna and Child with Saints Catherine of Alexandria and Julian the Hospitaller. It seems to mark the beginning of Masolino and Masaccio's collaboration.

Dismembered in the 17th century, it is now totally lost except for panel showing Saint Julian (in the diocesan museum of Santo Stefano al Ponte in Florence) and one of the three panels of the predella. That predella panel was long thought to be the painting by Masolino now in the Ingres Museum in Montauban, but recent expert studies by the Opificio delle Pietre Dure have instead identified it as a painting by Masaccio in the Museo Horne in Florence.

Santo Stefano al Ponte
Santo Stefano al Ponte is a Romanesque-style, Roman Catholic church, located in the Piazza of the same name, just off the Via Por Santa Maria, near the Ponte Vecchio, in Florence, region of Tuscany, Italy. The church is presently used as a concert hall.
Cartoons Magazine
Cartoons Magazine featured editorial cartoons from American and foreign newspapers.

Cartoons Magazine was published from 1912 to 1922. The publisher, Henry Haven Windsor, had previously published Popular Mechanics. The magazine was advertised as "a symposium of world caricature." It claimed to present "What the World's Nations Think of Each Other."

HathiTrust
HathiTrust Digital Library is a large-scale collaborative repository of digital content from research libraries, administered by the University of Michigan. Its holdings include content digitized via Google Books and the Internet Archive digitization initiatives, as well as content digitized locally by libraries.
2008–09 European Challenge Cup
The 2008–09 European Challenge Cup was the 13th season of the European Challenge Cup, the annual rugby union European club competition for clubs from six nations in European rugby. It started in October 2008 and ended with the final at the Twickenham Stoop in London on 22 May 2009, in which Northampton Saints defeated Bourgoin 15–3. With the win, the Saints not only claimed the trophy, but also won a berth in the 2009–10 Heineken Cup.

2009–10 Heineken Cup
The 2009–10 Heineken Cup was the 15th season of the Heineken Cup, the annual rugby union European club competition for clubs from the top six nations in European rugby. It started in October 2009 and ended on 22 May 2010 with the final at Stade de France in which Toulouse defeated Biarritz 21–19 to win the trophy for the fourth time.
Kharitonovo
Kharitonovo (Russian: Харитоново) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Kharitonovsky Selsoviet of Zavyalovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 1048 as of 2016. There are 11 streets.

Zavyalovsky District, Altai Krai
Zavyalovsky District (Russian: Завья́ловский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the northwestern central part of the krai. The area of the district is 2,224 square kilometers (859 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Zavyalovo. Population:  19,305 (2010 census); 22,389 (2002 census); 21,695 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Zavyalovo accounts for 35.9% of the district's total population.
Pregnancy-associated malaria
Pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM) or placental malaria is a presentation of malaria in pregnancy which is life-threatening to both pregnant women and unborn fetuses. PAM occurs when a pregnant woman contracts malaria, generally as a result of Plasmodium falciparum infection, and because she is  pregnant, is at greater risk of associated complications such as placental malaria.  Placental malaria interferes with the transmission of vital substances through the fetal placenta, which can result in stillbirths, miscarriages, and dangerously low birth weights.

Prevention and treatment of malaria are essential components of prenatal care in tropical and subtropical geographic areas affected by malaria, and thus has received much international attention.

Fetus
A fetus or foetus (/ˈfiːtəs/; pl.: fetuses, foetuses, rarely feti or foeti) is the unborn offspring of a viviparous animal that develops from an embryo. Following the embryonic stage, the fetal stage of development takes place. Prenatal development is a continuum, with no clear defining feature distinguishing an embryo from a fetus. However, in general a fetus is characterized by the presence of all the major body organs, though they will not yet be fully developed and functional, and some may not yet be situated in their final anatomical location.

In human prenatal development, fetal development begins from the ninth week after fertilization (which is the eleventh week of gestational age) and continues until the birth of a newborn.
1998 Pilot Pen International – Men's singles
The 1998 Pilot Pen International was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Cullman-Heyman Tennis Center in New Haven, Connecticut, in the United States that was part of the International Series Gold of the 1998 ATP Tour and of Tier II of the 1998 WTA Tour. The men's tournament was held from August 17 through August 23, 1998, while the women's tournament was held from August 24 through August 30, 1998.

ATP International Series Gold
ATP International Series Gold (known from 1990 to 1999 as the ATP Championship Series) was a series of professional tennis tournaments held internationally between 2000 and 2008 that were part of the ATP Tour. The tournaments were positioned below the ATP Masters Series, and above the ATP International Series in terms of prize money and ranking points available.

International Series Gold tournaments offered players cash prizes (purses from $755,000 to $1,426,250 as of 2008) and the ability to earn ATP ranking points. See Association of Tennis Professionals#ATP rankings for more details.

Effective in 2009, this series of tournaments became the ATP Tour 500, incorporating many of the same tournaments. The "500" represents the number of ATP ranking points earned by the winner of each event in the series.
Church of the Nativity of the Theotokos on Mikhalitsa
The Church of the Nativity of the Theotokos on Mikhalitsa
(Russian: Церковь Рождества Богородицы на Михалице, romanized: Tserkov Rozhdestva Bogoroditsy na Mikhalitse) is a Russian Orthodox church in Veliky Novgorod, Russia, built in 1379 in place of a wooden church. It is located on the Molotkovskaya Street

Veliky Novgorod
Veliky Novgorod (/vəˈliːki ˈnɒvɡərɒd/ ⓘ və-LEE-kee NOV-gə-rod; Russian: Великий Новгород, IPA: [vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj ˈnovɡərət]; lit. 'Great Newtown'), also known simply as Novgorod (Новгород), is the largest city and administrative centre of Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is one of the oldest cities in Russia, being first mentioned in the 9th century. The city lies along the Volkhov River just downstream from its outflow from Lake Ilmen and is situated on the M10 federal highway connecting Moscow and Saint Petersburg. UNESCO recognized Novgorod as a World Heritage Site in 1992. The city has a population of 224,286 (2021 census).

At its peak during the 14th century, the city was the capital of the Novgorod Republic and was one of Europe's largest cities. The "Великий" (Veliky) part was added to the city's name in 1999.
Haig Yazdjian
Haig Yazdjian is a Syrian-Greek composer, vocalist, Oud player, and producer. He was born in Aleppo, Syria in 1959. His parents are Armenians from Kayseri and Nevşehir in modern-day Turkey. For much of his life he has lived in Greece, which is where he began his interest in traditional Eastern music. His first album Nihavend Ionga was not that famous. But the second one TALAR, showed up in 1996 and accelerated his popularity.

Yazdjian played on Loreena McKennitt's 2006 album An Ancient Muse.

Loreena McKennitt
Loreena McKennitt CM OM CD (born February 17, 1957) is a Canadian singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and composer who writes, records, and performs world music with Celtic and Middle Eastern influences. McKennitt is known for her refined and clear soprano vocals. She has sold more than 16 million records worldwide.
Niebla usneoides
Niebla usneoides is a fruticose lichen that grows on rocks in the fog zone along the Pacific Coast of  Baja California in the Vizcaíno Desert and Magadalena Desert regions, and reported also from the Channel Islands and mainland of southern California.  The epithet,  usneoides is in reference to the similarity to the lichen genus Usnea.

Fruticose lichen
A fruticose lichen is a form of lichen fungi that is characterized by a coral-like shrubby or bushy growth structure. It is formed from a symbiotic relationship of a photobiont such as green algae or less commonly cyanobacteria and one, two or more mycobionts.  Fruticose lichens are not a monophyletic and holophyletic lineage, but are a form encountered in many classes.  Fruticose lichens have a complex vegetation structure, and are characterized by an ascending, bushy or pendulous appearance. As with other lichens, many fruticose lichens can endure high degrees of desiccation. They grow slowly and often occur in habitats such as on tree barks, on rock surfaces and on soils in the Arctic and mountain regions.
KTYK
KTYK (100.7 MHz) is a non-commercial radio station, licensed to Overton, Texas, and broadcasting a Public radio format, as a part of the Red River Radio Network. KTYK features news programming from NPR and the BBC.

Overton, Texas
Overton is a city in Rusk and Smith counties in the U.S. state of Texas. Overton lies in two counties as well as two metropolitan areas. The Rusk County portion of the city is part of the Longview Metropolitan Statistical Area, while the Smith County portion is part of the Tyler Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The population was 2,275 at the 2020 census.
Stefan Bergqvist
Stefan Rolf Bergqvist (born 10 March 1975) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey defenceman.  He was drafted in the first round, twenty-sixth overall, of the 1993 NHL Entry Draft by the Pittsburgh Penguins and played seven games in the NHL with them.

1993 NHL entry draft
The 1993 NHL entry draft was the 31st NHL entry draft. It took place on June 26, 1993, at the Colisée de Québec in Quebec City, Quebec.

First overall pick Alexandre Daigle is widely regarded today as one of the all-time greatest draft busts in NHL history. Regarding his draft position, Daigle uttered the now infamous comment, "I'm glad I got drafted first, because no one remembers number two". Chris Pronger, selected after Daigle with pick two by the Hartford Whalers, was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2015.

The last active player in the NHL from the 1993 NHL entry draft was Kimmo Timonen, who retired after the 2014–15 season.
Hejazi Arabic
Hejazi Arabic or Hijazi Arabic (HA) (Arabic: اللهجة الحجازية, romanized: al-lahja al-ḥijāziyya, Hejazi Arabic: حجازي, Hejazi Arabic pronunciation: [ħɪˈ(d)ʒaːzi]), also known as West Arabian Arabic, is a variety of Arabic spoken in the Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia. Strictly speaking, there are two main groups of dialects spoken in the Hejaz region, one by the urban population, originally spoken mainly in the cities of Jeddah, Mecca, Medina and partially in Ta'if and another dialect by the urbanized rural and bedouin populations. However, the term most often applies to the urban variety which is discussed in this article.

In antiquity, the Hejaz was home to the Old Hejazi dialect of Arabic recorded in the consonantal text of the Qur'an. Old Hejazi is distinct from modern Hejazi Arabic, and represents an older linguistic layer wiped out by centuries of migration, but which happens to share the imperative prefix vowel /a-/ with the modern dialect.

Ḍād
Ḍād (ﺽ) is the fifteenth letter of the Arabic alphabet, one of the six letters not in the twenty-two akin to the Phoenician alphabet (the others being ṯāʾ, ḫāʾ, ḏāl, ẓāʾ, ġayn). In name and shape, it is a variant of ṣād. Its numerical value is 800 (see Abjad numerals). It is related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪓‎‎‎, South Arabian 𐩳.

The letter symbol itself is a derivation, by addition of a diacritic dot, from ص ṣād (representing /sˤ/).
Mike Furrey
Michael Thomas Furrey (/ˈfɜːri/; born May 12, 1977) is an American college football coach and former professional wide receiver and safety. He is the wide receivers coach for the University of South Carolina, a position he has held since 2024. He was the head football coach for Kentucky Christian University from 2010 to 2012. He was the head football coach for Limestone University from 2016 to 2017 and from 2022 to 2023. He was signed by the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL) as an undrafted free agent following the 2000 NFL draft. He played college football at Northern Iowa and Ohio State University.

Furrey was also a member of the New York Dragons, Las Vegas Outlaws, St. Louis Rams, Detroit Lions, Cleveland Browns, and Washington Redskins.

Northern Iowa Panthers football
The Northern Iowa Panthers football program represents the University of Northern Iowa in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) level as member of the Missouri Valley Football Conference (MVFC). The program began in 1895 and has fielded a team every year since with the exceptions of 1906–1907 and 1943–1944. The Panthers play their home games at the UNI-Dome on the campus of the University of Northern Iowa, in Cedar Falls, Iowa. They have appeared in the Division I FCS playoffs 22 times, third most among all current teams but have never won an FCS Division I championship.
Century Estates, Alberta
54°38′18″N 113°16′33″W﻿ / ﻿54.63833°N 113.27583°W﻿ / 54.63833; -113.27583
Century Estates is a locality in northern Alberta, Canada within Athabasca County. It is adjacent to the designated place of McNabb's, which is in the Hamlet of Colinton, Alberta.

Northern Alberta
Northern Alberta is a geographic region located in the Canadian province of Alberta.

An informally defined cultural region, the boundaries of Northern Alberta are not fixed. Under some schemes, the region encompasses everything north of the centre of the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor, including most of the province's landmass as well as its capital, Edmonton. Other schemes place Edmonton and its surrounding farmland in Central Alberta, limiting Northern Alberta to the northern half of the province, where forestry, oil, and gas are the dominant industries.

Its primary industry is oil and gas, with large heavy oil reserves being exploited at the Athabasca oil sands and Wabasca area in the east of the region. Natural gas is extracted in Peace region and Chinchaga-Rainbow areas in the west, and forestry and logging are also developed in the boreal forests of this region. As of 2023, the region had a population of approximately 374,572.
LinDVD
LinDVD was commercial proprietary software for Linux for the playback of DVDs and other multimedia files. It was first introduced in 2002 by InterVideo, who were later acquired by Corel. The latest version supported ultra-mobile PCs (UMPCs) and mobile internet devices (MIDs), as well as a streaming media and a wider range of standard and high-definition video and audio encoding standards.

LinDVD can play DVDs copy protected with Content Scramble System (CSS). Certain distributions like Mandriva have included this software in their commercial Linux distributions, and Dell preinstalled it on some Ubuntu systems.

Mobile Internet device
A mobile Internet device (MID) is a multimedia capable mobile device providing wireless Internet access. They are designed to provide entertainment, information and location-based services for personal or business use. They allow 2-way communication and real-time sharing. They have been described as filling a niche between smartphones and tablet computers.

As all the features of MID started becoming available on smartphones and tablets, the term is now mostly used to refer to both low-end as well as high-end tablets.
Norm (philosophy)
Norms, in philosophy, are concepts (sentences) of practical import, oriented to affecting an action, rather than conceptual abstractions that describe, explain, and express. Normative sentences imply "ought-to" (or "may", "may not") types of statements and assertions, in distinction to sentences that provide "is" (or "was", "will") types of statements and assertions. Common normative sentences include commands, permissions, and prohibitions; common normative abstract concepts include sincerity, justification, and honesty. A popular account of norms describes them as reasons to take action, to believe, and to feel.

Sentence (linguistics)
In linguistics and grammar, a sentence is a linguistic expression, such as the English example "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog" (a pangram). In traditional grammar, it is typically defined as a string of words that expresses a thought, or as a unit consisting of a subject and predicate. In non-functional linguistics it is typically defined as a maximal unit of syntactic structure such as a constituent. In functional linguistics, it is defined as a unit of written texts delimited by graphological features such as upper-case letters and markers such as periods, question marks, and exclamation marks. This notion contrasts with a curve, which is delimited by phonologic features such as pitch and loudness and markers such as pauses; and with a clause, which is a sequence of words that represents some process going on throughout time.
A sentence can include words grouped meaningfully to express a statement, question, exclamation, request, command, or suggestion.
Maki'la
Maki’la depicts the rough life of street children in Kinshasa, the capital city of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is notable as the directorial debut of Machérie Ekwa Bahango and for using the Congolese language Lingala on the silver screen. It premiered at the Berlinale 2018.

Lingala
Lingala (or Ngala, Lingala: Lingála) is a Bantu language spoken in the northwest of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the northern half of the Republic of the Congo, in their capitals, Kinshasa and Brazzaville, and to a lesser degree as a trade language because of emigration in neighbouring Angola or Central African Republic. Lingala has 20 million native speakers and about another 20 million second-language speakers, for an approximate total of 40 million speakers. A significant portion of both Congolese diasporas speaks Lingala in their countries of immigration like Belgium, France or the United States.
Tabula Rasā
Tabula Rasā is a collaborative album by American banjoist Béla Fleck together with Vishwa Mohan Bhatt (playing traditional Indian slide guitar "Mohan veena") and Jie-Bing Chen, who plays the traditional Chinese two-string fiddle erhu. The unusual combination of Fleck's banjo together with these traditional instruments creates a unique sound on this album, which was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best World Music Album at the 39th Grammy Awards.

Grammy Award for Best Global Music Album
The Grammy Award for Best Global Music Album is an honor presented to recording artists for influential music from around the globe at the Grammy Awards, a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards. Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to "honor artistic achievement, technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry, without regard to album sales or chart position".