hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Timeline of entomology – 1800–1850
Entomology, the study of insects, progressed between 1800 and 1850, with the publication of important texts, definition of new orders such as Aphaniptera and Strepsiptera, and the shift to specialization. The following timeline indicates significant events in entomology in this time period.

Pierre François Marie Auguste Dejean
Pierre François Marie Auguste Dejean (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ fʁɑ̃swa maʁi oɡyst dəʒɑ̃]; 10 August 1780 – 17 March 1845), was a French soldier and entomologist. Dejean described a large number of beetles in a series of catalogues.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1910
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1910, adopted unanimously on January 28, 2010, after hearing recommendations from the Secretary-General and recalling resolutions 1325 (2000), 1612 (2005), 1674 (2006), 1738 (2006), 1820 (2008), 1863 (2009), 1882 (2009), 1888 (2009) and 1894 (2009), the Council authorised the mandate of the African Union Mission to Somalia (AMISOM) to be extended until January 31, 2011, asking it to increase its strength to carry out its mandate.

The Council, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, asked AMISOM to assist the Transitional Federal Government to develop police and security forces, ensuring that all equipment and services were used transparently and effectively. It also requested the Secretary-General assist in this process, but not to transfer funds until January 31, 2011.

The resolution also called for Member States to contribute to the United Nations Trust Fund for AMISOM.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1888
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1888 was unanimously adopted on 30 September 2009. It was introduced by United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, who also presided over the session. The resolution established the United Nations Special Representative on Sexual Violence in Conflict.
Colaz
Colaz, from the Friuli region of Italy, is a donut-shaped baked cookie made of wheat flour, butter, salt, leavening agent, and sugar. They are flavored with vanillin, cinnamon and cloves. A type of Confirmation biscuit, they are typical in Friuli and especially Carnia. Like a brasadé in Oltrepo Pavese during the nineteenth century, they are prepared for the sacrament of confirmation, tied with a ribbon, and used to decorate the confirmand's clothes. The biscuit surface is painted with egg yolk and decorated with colored confectionery. Pink or light blue ribbon is used.
 It is listed in the Ark of Taste.

Oltrepò Pavese
The Oltrepò Pavese (Italian: [oltreˈpɔ ppaˈveːze, -eːse]; Western Lombard: Ultrepò Paves; lit. 'Pavia's Beyond-Po') is a historical region making up the southern portion of the province of Pavia, in the northwest Italian region of Lombardy. The area is named after its location south of the River Po as considered from the provincial capital Pavia and in general from the rest of Lombardy.
Jeune Afrique
Jeune Afrique (English: Young Africa) is a French-language pan-African weekly news magazine, founded in 1960 in Tunis and subsequently published in Paris by Jeune Afrique Media Group. It is the most widely read pan-African magazine. It offers coverage of African and international political, economic and cultural news. It is also a book publisher, under the imprint "Les Éditions du Jaguar".

Starting in 1997, Jeune Afrique has also maintained a news website.

Published on a weekly basis for its first sixty years, it has been published monthly since 2020.

News magazine
A news magazine is a typed, printed, and published magazine, radio, or television program, usually published weekly, consisting of articles about current events. News magazines generally discuss stories in greater depth than newspapers or newscasts do, and aim to give the consumer an understanding of the important events beyond the basic facts.
Osada Not
Osada Not (Japanese: 長田ノオト, Hepburn: Osada Nōto; born March 16) is a Japanese manga artist and animator from Shizuoka Prefecture. She has made manga for horror magazines such as Suspense & Horror and Horror M, BL magazines such as June, Icarus and Reijin, and for the alt magazine Garo.

Garo (magazine)
Garo (ガロ) was a monthly manga anthology magazine in Japan, founded by Katsuichi Nagai and published by Seirindō from 1964 until 2002. It was fundamental for the emergence and development of alternative and avant-garde manga.
1972 Wimbledon Championships – Women's doubles
Rosie Casals and Billie Jean King were the defending champions, but decided not to play together. Casals partnered with Virginia Wade but lost in the semifinals to Judy Dalton and Françoise Dürr.

King and her partner Betty Stöve defeated Dalton and Dürr in the final, 6–2, 4–6, 6–3 to win the ladies' doubles tennis title at the 1972 Wimbledon Championships.

Judy Tegart-Dalton
Judy Tegart-Dalton AM (née Tegart; born 12 December 1937) is an Australian former professional tennis player. She won nine major doubles titles, and completed the career Grand Slam in women's doubles. Five of her doubles titles were with Margaret Court. Tegart was also a runner-up in 10 major doubles tournaments.
White2
White2 is the fourth studio album by American drone metal band Sunn O))). It was recorded during the same sessions as White1, but it was not released until a year later.

This album features Attila Csihar of Mayhem fame quoting the Srimad Bhagavatam on "Decay2 [Nihils' Maw]". The vinyl also features him on "Decay [The Symptoms of Kali Yuga]". "HELL-O)))-WEEN" is a more traditional Sunn O))) track, harkening back to The Grimmrobe Demos in its all-guitar-and-bass approach. A DOD Buzz Box effects pedal designed to imitate the sound of Buzz Osborne of The Melvins was used for the bass effects on "bassAliens".

The cover art is a drawing by Pieter Bruegel the Elder called The Bee-Keepers.

Buzz Osborne
Roger "Buzz" Osborne (born March 25, 1964), also known as King Buzzo, is an American guitarist, vocalist, and songwriter. He is a founding member of the rock band Melvins, as well as Fantômas and Venomous Concept.
Stoneman Military Trail
The Stoneman Road, an important supply road between Fort McDowell and Fort Whipple in Prescott between 1870 and 1890. It was an important conduit for the shipping of supplies from Fort Whipple in Prescott to Fort McDowell on what is today the Yavapai Reservation near Fountain Hills.

Yavapai
The Yavapai (/ˈjævəˌpaɪ/ YAV-ə-py) are a Native American tribe in Arizona. Their Yavapai language belongs to the Upland Yuman branch of the proposed Hokan language family.

Today Yavapai people are enrolled in the following federally recognized tribes:

Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation

Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian Reservation

Yavapai-Prescott Indian Tribe.

The Yavapai historically controlled about 10 million acres of land in west-central Arizona. Their lands bordered the San Francisco Peaks to the north, the Pinaleno Mountains and Mazatzal Mountains to the southeast, the Colorado River to the west, and almost to the Gila River and the Salt River to the south.

The Yavapai historically were divided into geographically distinct bands or subtribes:

Kewevkepaya, Gwev G’paaya (southeastern)

Tolkepaya, Tolkepaye (western)

Wipukepa, Wiipukpaa (northeastern), also known as the Verde Valley Yavapai

Yavepé, Yaavpe (northwestern)
Gangs of London (video game)
Gangs of London is a 2006 action-adventure video game developed by London Studio and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation Portable. It is the third installment in the Getaway series, following The Getaway (2002) and Black Monday (2004). The player has the choice to play as one of five different gangs within London, with different ethnicities and outfits.

Gareth Evans and Matt Flannery created a television adaptation of the game starring Joe Cole, Sope Dirisu, and an ensemble cast, which debuted on Sky Atlantic and AMC in April 2020, from which a spin-off graphic novel, Ghosts, was released in December 2022, written by Corin Hardy and Rowan Athale and illustrated by Ferenc Nothof.

London Studio
London Studio was a British video game developer of PlayStation Studios based in London. Founded in 2002, it was best known for developing the SingStar series, as well as games for PlayStation's external peripherals including the EyeToy camera and the PlayStation VR virtual reality headset. The studio created more than 60 titles since it was established.
Grant McLennan
Grant William McLennan (12 February 1958 – 6 May 2006) was an Australian alternative rock singer-songwriter-guitarist. He co-founded the Go-Betweens (1977–89, 2000–06) with Robert Forster in Brisbane in 1977 and issued four solo albums: Watershed (1991), Fireboy (1992), Horsebreaker Star (1994) and In Your Bright Ray (1997). He collaborated with other artists on side projects. In May 2001, the Australasian Performing Right Association called his "Cattle and Cane" (1983) one of its top 30 Australian songs of all time.

APRA Top 30 Australian songs
APRA's Top 30 Australian songs was a list created by the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) in 2001, to celebrate its 75th anniversary. A panel of 100 music personalities were asked to list the "ten best and most significant Australian songs of the past 75 years". The top ten songs, in numerical order, were announced on 28 May 2001 at the APRA Awards. The next twenty were not ordered and had been released nearly four weeks earlier, on 2 May, in a media statement by APRA representative Debbie Kruger.

At the 2001 APRA Awards ceremony, You Am I performed the No. 1 listed song "Friday on My Mind" with Harry Vanda of the Easybeats guesting on guitar. Ross Wilson of Daddy Cool performed the No. 2 listed song "Eagle Rock", while Midnight Oil's "Beds are Burning" at No. 3 was shown on video introduced by Senator Aden Ridgeway as an Indigenous spokesperson on reconciliation.
Troy de Haas
Troy de Haas (born 15 June 1979) is an Australian tower running, mountain running and orienteering competitor.

In 1999 he won a bronze medal in the long event at the Junior World Orienteering Championships in Varna, Bulgaria. It was the first ever medal to be won by a non-European at the international level in the sport of Orienteering.

In 2006 he achieved Australia's best ever men's result at a Senior World Orienteering Championships placing 7th in the sprint event in Nagoya, Japan. He was also a member of Australia's relay team that placed 6th at the 2001 World Championships in Tampere, Finland.

The world's biggest relay event, Jukola, was won by Turun Suunnistajat in 2001 with Troy running the 'long night' leg for the team. He was the first non-European to ever win Jukola.

In later years he has placed at national mountain running championships and international tower running races including Q1 (building), Fernsehturm Stuttgart, Swissotel The Stamford Singapore and Taipei 101.

Orienteering
Orienteering is a group of sports in which participants use a map and compass to navigate from point to point in unfamiliar terrain as quickly as possible.

The sport originated from military land-navigation training in the late 19th century. It has since evolved into several competitive forms where participants race against the clock and other competitors while navigating through checkpoints. Variants include automobile, underwater, mountain bike, ski, and trail orienteering. The most common form is foot orienteering, also known as FootO.

In formal foot-orienteering competitions, participants are given a specially prepared orienteering map, usually topographical, which they use to locate control points.

Orienteering is part of the World Games and the World Police and Fire Games.
Die Horen (Schiller)
Die Horen (The Horae) was a monthly German literary journal published from 1795 to 1797. It was printed by the Cotta publishing house in Tübingen and edited and run by Friedrich Schiller. Many and partially antagonistic prominent figures in German culture of the time contributed, among them Johann Jakob Engel, Fichte, Goethe, Herder, Alexander von Humboldt, Wilhelm von Humboldt, Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, Johann Heinrich Meyer, August Wilhelm Schlegel, and Karl Ludwig von Woltmann. The journal formed the cornerstone of Weimar Classicism and exerted a great influence onto German intellectual history.

Horae
In Greek mythology, the Horae (/ˈhɔːriː/), Horai (/ˈhɔːraɪ/) or Hours (Ancient Greek: Ὧραι, romanized: Hôrai, lit. 'Seasons', pronounced [hɔ̂ːrai̯]) were the goddesses of the seasons and the natural portions of time.
Lakeba
Lakeba (pronounced [laˈkemba]) is an island in Fiji’s Southern Lau Archipelago; the provincial capital of Lau is located here. The island is the tenth largest in Fiji, with a land area of nearly 60 square kilometers. It is fertile and well watered, and encircled by a 29-kilometer road. Its closest neighbors are Aiwa and Nayau. Separated by deep sea from the latter but only by shallow waters from the former, when sea levels were lower during glacial episodes Lakeba and Aiwa formed one large island.

It has a population of around 2,100 in eight villages, the most important of which is the capital Tubou which lies in the island's south. Near Tubou is the village of Levuka; not to be confused with its namesake – Fiji's old capital – Levuka on Lakeba is home to a fishing tribe whose ancestors came from Bau Island. Another significant village is Nasaqalau, located in the northern part of Lakeba.

Caribbean pine
The Caribbean pine (Pinus caribaea) is a hard pine species native to Central America and the northern West Indies (in Cuba, the Bahamas, and the Turks and Caicos Islands). It belongs to subsection Australes in subgenus Pinus. It inhabits tropical and subtropical coniferous forests such as Bahamian pineyards, in both lowland savannas and montane forests.
Santee Cooper Country
Santee Cooper Country is a tourism district in the south central area of the U.S. state of South Carolina. It surrounds the Santee Cooper Lakes, Lake Moultrie and Lake Marion, which were formed from damming the Santee River and the Cooper River.

This tourism district was created by the state legislature in 1962. It was formed to help create and expand tourism, recreation and development in the five-county region of Berkeley, Calhoun, Clarendon, Orangeburg and Sumter.

The area is the home of the Santee National Wildlife Refuge and several state parks, and offers many outdoor recreation activities such as hiking, boating, fishing, birding, hunting, and golfing.

Calhoun County, South Carolina
Calhoun County is a county in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 14,119, making it the fourth-least populous county in the state. Its county seat is St. Matthews. In terms of land area, it is also the smallest county in the state.

Located in a rural upland area long devoted to cotton plantations, part of the Black Belt of the South, the county was formed in 1908 from portions of Lexington and Orangeburg counties. It is named for John C. Calhoun, the former U.S. vice-president, Senator, Representative and cabinet member from South Carolina, although Calhoun was from nearby Abbeville, South Carolina.

Calhoun County is part of the Columbia, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. It has an overall score of 52 including factors health, crime, equity, education, and housing. It is one of 11 counties with the same name in the United States.
Vermilion Bay, Ontario
Vermilion Bay is an unincorporated community on Vermilion Bay on Eagle Lake in the township of Machin, Kenora District in northwestern Ontario, Canada. It is located on Ontario Highway 17 (Trans-Canada Highway) between the cities of Kenora to the west and Dryden to the east.

Northwestern Ontario
Northwestern Ontario is a secondary region of Northern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario which lies north and west of Lake Superior and west of Hudson Bay and James Bay. It includes most of subarctic Ontario. Its western boundary is the Canadian province of Manitoba, which disputed Ontario's claim to the western part of the region. Ontario's right to Northwestern Ontario was determined by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in 1884 and confirmed by the Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act, 1889, of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. In 1912, the Parliament of Canada by the Ontario Boundaries Extension Act gave jurisdiction over the District of Patricia to Ontario, thereby extending the northern boundary of the province to Hudson Bay.
Letters to Father Jacob
Letters to Father Jacob (Finnish: Postia pappi Jaakobille) is a 2009 Finnish drama film written and directed by Klaus Härö. Set in the early 1970s and based on a story by Jaana Makkonen, the film tells the story of Leila, a pardoned convict, who becomes an assistant to a blind priest, Jacob. The film depicts her transformation from a sceptic who grudgingly reads letters aloud to her benefactor into a caring savior of the pastor from his despair after the letters stop coming.

In 2022, the film was chosen as the "most touching Finnish film of the 21st century" in the Helsingin Sanomat readers' vote.

Helsingin Sanomat
Helsingin Sanomat, abbreviated HS and colloquially known as Hesari, is the largest subscription newspaper in Finland and the Nordic countries, owned by Sanoma. Except after certain holidays, it is published daily. Its name derives from that of the Finnish capital, Helsinki, where it is published.  It is considered a newspaper of record for Finland.
Allegheny Islands State Park
Allegheny Islands State Park is a 50-acre (20 ha) Pennsylvania state park in Harmar Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania in the United States. The undeveloped park is composed of three alluvial islands located in the middle of the Allegheny River northeast of Pittsburgh. The islands are just north of the boroughs of Oakmont and Plum, and southwest of Cheswick. Bridges for the Pennsylvania Turnpike (Interstate 76) and the Bessemer and Lake Erie Railroad Branch of the Canadian National Railway cross the Allegheny River at the  middle island.

Borough (Pennsylvania)
In the United States Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, a borough (sometimes spelled boro) is a self-governing municipal entity, equivalent to a town in most jurisdictions, usually smaller than a city, but with a similar population density in its residential areas.  Sometimes thought of as "junior cities", boroughs generally have fewer powers and responsibilities than full-fledged cities.
1803 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1803.

Animal track
An animal track is an imprint left behind in soil, snow, or mud, or on some other ground surface, by an animal walking across it. Animal tracks are used by hunters in tracking their prey and by naturalists to identify animals living in a given area.
Gong Lei (footballer)
Gong Lei (Chinese: 宫磊; born 15 October 1965) is a Chinese football manager and former player as well as media pundit.

As a player, he represented Beijing Team, AS Pirae, Toronto Lynx, South China, Toronto Olympians and Beijing Kuanli before he retired and moved into coaching. His first coaching position would be with Gansu Tianma F.C. where he had a short spell with them before becoming an assistant at Shaanxi Zhongjian. He would manage Chinese Super League side Guizhou Renhe where he won the 2013 Chinese FA Cup.

Chinese Jia-A League
The National Football Jia A League (simplified Chinese: 全国足球甲A联赛), commonly known as Jia-A, was the highest tier of professional football in the People's Republic of China, during 1994 through 2003, operating under the auspices of the Chinese Football Association.

The Chinese Professional Football League was established in 1994. Under the direct supervision of the CFA's Professional League Committee, this nationwide league was divided into Divisions 1 and 2.  Division 1 was subdivided into Divisions 1A and 1B, Jia A and Jia B, Jia being the Chinese word for top or first. Division 2 was and still is subdivided into regional divisions.
David Ehrenfeld
David Ehrenfeld is an American professor of biology at Rutgers University and is the author of over a dozen publications, including The Arrogance of Humanism (1978), Becoming Good Ancestors: How We Balance Nature, Community, and Technology (2009), and Swimming Lessons: Keeping Afloat in the Age of Technology (2002). He is often described as one of the forerunners of twentieth-century conservation biology. Ehrenfeld's work primarily deals with the inter-related topics of biodiversity, conservation, and sustainability. He is also the founding editor of Conservation Biology, a peer-reviewed scientific journal that deals with conserving the biodiversity of Earth, and has written for various magazines and newspapers including The New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, and Harper's Magazine.

Conservation biology
Conservation biology is the study of the conservation of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management.

The conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology.
Jani Papadhopulli
Jani Papadhopulli (1874–1939), also known as Jan Papadopulli, was one of the delegates of the Albanian Declaration of Independence, who was later elected as deputy of the Albanian parliament in 1923-1924, representing Gjirokastër District.

Papadhopulli was a member of the Greek minority from the village Koshovicë, in Dropull. A merchant by profession, he was a delegate of Gjirokaster in the Albanian Orthodox Congress of 1922, where the autocephaly of the Albanian church was declared.

Albanian Declaration of Independence
The Albanian Declaration of Independence (Albanian: Deklarata e Pavarësisë) was the declaration of independence of Albania from the Ottoman Empire. Independent Albania was proclaimed in Vlorë on 28 November 1912. Six days later the Assembly of Vlorë formed the first Government of Albania which was led by Ismail Qemali and the Council of Elders (Pleqnia).

The success of the Albanian Revolt of 1912 sent a strong signal to the neighboring countries that the Ottoman Empire was weak. The Kingdom of Serbia opposed the plan for an Albanian Vilayet, preferring a partition of the European territory of the Ottoman Empire among the four Balkan allies. Balkan allies planned the partition of the European territory of the Ottoman Empire among them and in the meantime the territory conquered during First Balkan War was agreed to have status of the Condominium. That was the reason for Qemali to organize an All-Albanian Congress in Vlorë.
Rhyd-lwyd
Rhyd-lwyd is a small village in the  community of Lledrod, Ceredigion, Wales, which is 67.4 miles (108.5 km) from Cardiff and 173.8 miles (279.6 km) from London. Rhyd-lwyd is represented in the Senedd by Elin Jones (Plaid Cymru) and is part of the Ceredigion Preseli constituency in the House of Commons.

Ceredigion Preseli
Ceredigion Preseli is a constituency of the House of Commons in the UK Parliament, first contested at the 2024 general election following the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies. It is currently represented by Ben Lake of Plaid Cymru, who represented the predecessor constituency of Ceredigion from 2017 to 2024.