hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Bromley (chief justice)
Sir Thomas Bromley (died 1555) was an English judge of Shropshire landed gentry origins who came to prominence during the Mid-Tudor period. After occupying important judicial posts in the Welsh Marches, he won the favour of Henry VIII and was a member of Edward VI's regency council. He was appointed Chief Justice of the King's Bench by Mary I.

Welsh Marches
The Welsh Marches (Welsh: Y Mers) is an imprecisely defined area along the border between England and Wales in the United Kingdom.  The precise meaning of the term has varied at different periods.

The English term Welsh March (Medieval Latin: Marchia Walliae) was originally used in the Middle Ages to denote the marches between England and the Principality of Wales, in which Marcher lords had specific rights, exercised to some extent independently of the king of England.  In modern usage, "the Marches" is often used to describe those English counties which lie along the border with Wales, particularly Shropshire and Herefordshire, and sometimes adjoining areas of Wales. However, at one time the Marches included all of the historic counties of Cheshire, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire.
Economy of Rwanda
The economy of Rwanda is a frontier developmental state (low income) based on services, agriculture and industry. It has been described as undergoing early industrialisation due to newer government policies. It has a mixed economy. Since the early-2000s, Rwanda has witnessed an economic boom, which improved the living standards of many Rwandans. The President of Rwanda, Paul Kagame, has noted his ambition to make Rwanda the "Singapore of Africa". The industrial sector is growing, contributing 16% of GDP in 2012.

Mountain gorilla
The mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) is one of the two subspecies of the eastern gorilla. It is listed as endangered by the IUCN as of 2018.

There are two populations: One lives in the Virunga Mountains in Mgahinga in southwestern Uganda, Volcanoes in northwestern Rwanda and Virunga National Park in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. The other population lives in Uganda's Bwindi Impenetrable National Park. Some primatologists speculate the Bwindi population is a separate subspecies. As of 2019, there are an estimated 1,063 mountain gorillas in the world.
William Mackey House (Cornwall, Virginia)
Mulberry Grove is a historic home located near Cornwall, Rockbridge County, Virginia, USA. It was built in 1796, and is a two-story, three-bay, stone I-house dwelling.  It has a side gable roof, exterior end chimneys, and a bold cornice decorated with modillions and dentils. A two-story frame addition and one-story porch were added about 1900. The property includes a contributing bank barn and granary, both erected around 1900.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

Granary
A granary, also known as a grain house and historically as a granarium in Latin, is a post-harvest storage building primarily for grains or seeds. Granaries are typically built above the ground to prevent spoilage and protect the stored grains or seeds from rodents, pests, floods, and adverse weather conditions. They also assist in drying the grains to prevent mold growth. Modern granaries may incorporate advanced ventilation and temperature control systems to preserve the quality of the stored grains.
Milton Lee Olive Park
Milton Lee Olive Park is a public park in the city of Chicago, Illinois. Designed by Dan Kiley, the park is located west of the James W. Jardine Water Purification Plant and adjacent to Jane Addams Memorial Park and Ohio Street Beach. The park provides large grassy areas for recreation as well as paths for walking, jogging, and biking. Several benches are located in the park either in open, sunny areas or areas shaded by tall honey locust trees. The park contains multiple fountains creating large, circular seating areas. Open views of Lake Michigan and the Chicago skyline can be appreciated from the park.

Honey locust
The honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos),  also known as the thorny locust or thorny honeylocust, is a deciduous tree in the family Fabaceae, native to central North America where it is mostly found in the moist soil of river valleys. Honey locust trees are highly adaptable to different environments, and the species has been introduced worldwide. Outside its natural range it can be an aggressive, damaging invasive species.
Avasi Grammar School
Avasi Grammar School is a school in Miskolc in the north east of Hungary. It is mostly a bilingual high school which is attended by about 800 pupils and more than 60 teaching staff. The name comes from the Avas Hill where the school is located. Avasi Grammar School was established in 1987.

Bilingual education
In bilingual education, students are taught in two (or more) languages. It is distinct from learning a second language as a subject because both languages are used for instruction in different content areas like math, science, and history. The time spent in each language depends on the model. For example, some models focus on providing education in both languages throughout a student's entire education while others gradually transition to education in only one language. The ultimate goal of bilingual education is fluency and literacy in both languages through a variety of strategies such as translanguaging and recasting.
Singleton House (Eatonton, Georgia)
The Singleton House near Eatonton, Georgia was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.  It is located southwest of Eatonton, off Georgia Route 16.  More specifically, it is about seven miles west of Eatonton, then one mile south of the intersection of Highway 16 and Georgia Highway 142, on the right fork of a what was a dirt road in 1974.  In 2018, it may be located off what is now named McMillen Road, and may be the structure at exactly 33°17′52″N 83°29′37″W﻿ / ﻿33.297786°N 83.493705°W﻿ / 33.297786; -83.493705.

The house, which has also been known as the Singleton-McMillen House, was built around 1854.  It is a Greek Revival-style plantation house once associated with about 1,500 acres (6.1 km2) of farmland.

It was deemed notable as "an outstanding cultural example of a modest, yet classically sophisticated plantation residence that was originally owned by prominent Putnam County citizens David and Rebecca Singleton."

Eatonton, Georgia
Eatonton is a city in and the county seat of Putnam County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 6,307. It was named after William Eaton, an officer and diplomat involved in the First Barbary War. The name consists of his surname with the English suffix "ton", meaning "town".
Al Saeed University
Al Saeed University is a private university located in Taiz, Yemen. It was established in 2012 with the approval of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. The university is a member of the Union of Arab Universities and maintains partnership agreements with several institutions across the Arab world.

The university includes integrated engineering and medical facilities and consists of five colleges and sixteen academic programs accredited according to national academic standards. It also operates a Quality Assurance Center, a Center for Research and Strategic Studies, and a Community Service Center.

Al Saeed University is affiliated with the Ha'il Saeed An'am Group. The university publishes two scientific journals that have obtained an Arab Impact Factor and reference citations. Dr. Iqbal Duqan, head of the Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, is noted for her work in biological chemistry.

Association of Arab Universities
The Association of Arab Universities (Arabic: إتحاد الجامعات العربية), also called the Union of Arab Universities (Arabic: تحاد الجامعات العربية), is an organization working within the framework of the Arab League. It is based in Amman, Jordan. The objective of the organization is to support and connect universities in the Arab world, and to enhance cooperation among them.
Sarungale
Sarungale (The Kite) (Sinhala: සරුංගලේ) is a 1979 Sri Lankan Sinhala drama thriller film directed by Sunil Ariyaratne and produced by Y.M. Karunathilake. It stars Gamini Fonseka and Veena Jayakody in lead roles along with M. Abbas] and Wimal Kumara de Costa. Music composed by Victor Ratnayake. It is the 413th Sri Lankan film in the Sinhala cinema.

The film deals with the inter-ethnic, communal violence between Sinhalese and Tamils. It demonstrate the ambivalence of the Sinhala socio-political establishment towards the Tamil people.

The film won several awards at OCIC film awards ceremony including Best Script. Farina Lai won the Live Talent Award, while Wimal Kumara de Costa and Gamini Fonseka won Special Jury Award at the ceremony. The film also won the Best Actor award and Best Supporting Actress award at 10th Sarasaviya Film Awards held on March 29, 1980, finished fifth with 27978 votes.

Sunil Ariyaratne
Vidyodaya Vibhushana Sahithya Kala Shiromani Prof. Sunil Ariyaratne Kuruwita Bandara (සුනිල් ආරියරත්න; born 28 July 1949), popularly as Sunil Ariyaratne, is a Sri Lankan scholar, film director, author, poet and a lyricist. One of the most popular filmmakers and lyricists in Sri Lankan cinema, Ariyaratne has won six Sarasaviya awards, four Presidential awards from the year 1981 as a film lyricist and then won three awards as a teledrama lyricists.
Prix Erckmann-Chatrian
The prix Erckmann-Chatrian is a literary award from Lorraine, awarded every year since 1925 in memory of the literary duo Erckmann-Chatrian. It rewards a written prose work by someone form Lorraine or about Lorraine. It is often nicknamed the "Goncourt lorrain". The jury consists of literary figures of the four Lorraine departments.

In 1989, a scholarship was added to the prize, a scholarship for historical narrative and monograph. In 1993, this scholarship was divided into "scholarship for history" and "scholarship for monograph".

Prix Goncourt
The Prix Goncourt (French: Le prix Goncourt [lə pʁi ɡɔ̃kuʁ], "The Goncourt Prize") is a prize in French literature, given by the académie Goncourt to the author of "the best and most imaginative prose work of the year". The prize carries a symbolic reward of only 10 euros, but results in considerable recognition and book sales for the winning author. Four other prizes are also awarded: prix Goncourt du Premier Roman (first novel), prix Goncourt de la Nouvelle (short story), prix Goncourt de la Poésie (poetry) and prix Goncourt de la Biographie (biography). Of the "big six" French literary awards, the Prix Goncourt is the best known and most prestigious. The other major literary prizes include the Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française, the Prix Femina, the Prix Renaudot, the Prix Interallié and the Prix Médicis.
Attila Cseke
Attila-Zoltán Cseke (born 9 June 1973) is a Romanian lawyer and politician. A member of the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR), he was a member of the Romanian Senate for Bihor County from 2008 to 2012, representing the same county in the Chamber of Deputies from 2012 to 2016 before returning to the Senate. In the Emil Boc cabinet, he was Minister of Health from December 2009 until his resignation in August 2011. From December 2020 to June 2023, he was Minister of Development, Public Works and Administration under Prime Ministers Florin Cîțu and Nicolae Ciucă.

Bihor County
Bihor County (Romanian pronunciation: [biˈhor] ⓘ, Hungarian: Bihar megye) is a county (județ) in western Romania. With a total area of 7,544 km2 (2,913 sq mi), Bihor is Romania's 6th largest county geographically and the main county in the historical region of Crișana. Its capital city is Oradea (Nagyvárad).
Amazon Lex
Amazon Lex is a service for building conversational interfaces into any application using voice and text. It powers the Amazon Alexa virtual assistant. In April 2017, the platform was released to the developer community, and suggested that it could be used for conversational interfaces (chatbots or otherwise) including Web, mobile apps, robots, toys, drones, and more. Amazon already had launched Alexa Voice Services, which developers can use to integrate Alexa into their own devices, like smart speakers, alarm clocks, etc.; however, Lex will not require that end users interact with the Alexa assistant per se, but rather any type of assistant or interface. As of February 2018, users can now define a response for Amazon Lex chatbots directly from the AWS management console.

Chatbot
A chatbot (originally chatterbot) is a software application or web interface that simulates conversation through text or speech. Modern chatbots are typically online and use generative artificial intelligence systems that are capable of maintaining a conversation with a user in natural language and simulating the way a human would behave as a conversational partner. Such chatbots often use deep learning and natural language processing. Simpler chatbots have existed for decades.

Chatbots have gained popularity with the release of ChatGPT in 2022, followed by competitors such as Gemini, Claude, and Grok, in what is labelled an AI boom. AI chatbots typically use fine-tuned large language models to generate text.

A major area where chatbots have long been used is customer service and support, with various sorts of virtual assistants.
Jack Nicklaus 4
Jack Nicklaus 4 is a 1997 sports golf video game. It was published by Accolade, and is the fourth in a series of video games named after golfer Jack Nicklaus, following Jack Nicklaus Golf & Course Design: Signature Edition (1992). The original Microsoft Windows version was developed by Cinematronics. Versions were also released for Macintosh and DVD. A PlayStation version titled Jack Nicklaus '98 was also in development. The game was followed by Jack Nicklaus 5, released later in 1997.

Sports video game
A sports video game is a video game that simulates the practice of sports. Most sports have been recreated with video games, including team sports, track and field, extreme sports, and combat sports. Some games emphasize playing the sport (such as EA Sports FC, eFootball, EA Sports F1, EA Sports WRC, NBA 2K and TopSpin 2K25), whilst others emphasize strategy and sport management (such as Football Manager and Out of the Park Baseball). Some, such as Need for Speed, Arch Rivals and Punch-Out!!, satirize the sport for comic effect. This genre has been popular throughout the history of video games and is competitive, just like real-world sports. A number of game series feature the names and characteristics of real teams and players, and are updated annually to reflect real-world changes. The sports genre is one of the oldest genres in gaming history.
Roger Ballenger
Roger Ballenger (September 25, 1950 – October 27, 2019) was an American politician. He served in the Oklahoma Senate, representing district 8, which includes McIntosh, Okfuskee, Okmulgee and Tulsa counties, from 2006 to 2014.

He died of melanoma on October 27, 2019, in Okmulgee, Oklahoma at age 69.

Okmulgee County, Oklahoma
Okmulgee County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 36,706. The county seat is Okmulgee. Located within the Muscogee Nation Reservation, the county was created at statehood in 1907. The name Okmulgee is derived from the Hitchita (Lower Creek) word okimulgi, meaning "boiling waters".

Okmulgee County is included in the Tulsa, OK metropolitan statistical area.
William Livingstone Robe
Lieutenant William Livingstone Robe (1791 – 19 June 1815) was a British Army officer of the Royal Horse Artillery who was noted for his distinguished conduct in battles of the Peninsular War. He died at the Battle of Waterloo.

Royal Horse Artillery
The Royal Horse Artillery (RHA) was formed in 1793 as a distinct arm of the Royal Regiment of Artillery (commonly termed Royal Artillery) to provide horse artillery support to the cavalry units of the British Army. Although the cavalry link remained part of its defining character, as early as the Battle of Waterloo the RHA was sometimes deployed more along the lines of conventional field artillery, fighting from comparatively fixed positions.

The Royal Horse Artillery, currently consists of three regiments, (1 RHA, 3 RHA and 7 RHA) and one ceremonial unit (King's Troop, Royal Horse Artillery). Almost all the batteries of the Royal Horse Artillery have served continuously since the French Revolutionary Wars or Napoleonic Wars, except the King's Troop, created in 1946, and M Battery, which was 'reanimated' in 1993. Horses are still in service for ceremonial purposes but were phased out from operational deployment in the 1930s.
Miguel Bonasso
Miguel Luis Bonasso (born 17 May 1940) is a former Argentinian guerrilla leader, writer and politician. He was part of Montoneros during the '70s. After the returning of democracy in Argentina, he was elected national deputy and started a career as a journalist and writer of topics related to the National Reorganization Process and politics.

He was born in Buenos Aires. He started as journalist in the magazine "Leoplan", and since then became editor in chief of many magazines and newspapers of peronism ideology. He was part of La Opinión and after the democracy era in Argentina of Página 12. As member of Montoneros in '70s he was in charge of the area of press and communication with Rodolfo Walsh and Juan Gelman, but he started to have discrepancies with some leaders of the organization such as Mario Firmenich.

He was elected National Deputy of Argentina as member of a small peronist party allied to Jorge Telerman, and served between 2003 and 2011, representing Buenos Aires.

Juan Gelman
Juan Gelman (3 May 1930 – 14 January 2014) was an Argentine poet. He published more than twenty books of poetry between 1956 and his death in early 2014. He was a naturalized citizen of Mexico, where he arrived as a political exile of the Process, the military junta that ruled Argentina from 1976 to 1983.

In 2007, Gelman was awarded the Miguel de Cervantes Prize, the most important award for  Spanish-language literature. His works celebrate life but are also tempered with social and political commentary and reflect his painful experiences with the politics of Argentina.
Chao-hwei
Chao-hwei (Chinese: 釋昭慧; pinyin: Shì Zhāohuì; born 28 May 1957) is a Taiwanese nun. Born Lu Qiongzhao (盧瓊昭; Lú Qióngzhāo) to Chinese parents living in Burma, she and her family moved to Taiwan in 1965. While studying Chinese literature at National Taiwan Normal University, she became ordained as a Buddhist nun, receiving the Dharma name Chao-hwei. Chao-hwei has gone on to become actively involved in various social movements in Taiwan, including publicly supporting feminism and same-sex marriage and opposing the legalisation of gambling; she has also called for the reform within Buddhism, including the abolition of the Eight Garudhammas. In 2021, she received the Niwano Peace Prize. She is currently a professor of religious studies at Hsuan Chuang University.

Union of Burma (1948–1962)
The first fourteen years of independent Burma were marred by several communist and ethnic insurgencies. Prominent insurgent groups during this period included the Communist Party of Burma (CPB, "white flags") led by Thakin Than Tun, the Communist Party (Burma) ("red flags") led by Thakin Soe, the People's Volunteer Organisation (Yèbaw Hpyu) led by Bo La Yaung (a member of the Thirty Comrades), the Revolutionary Burma Army (RBA) led by communist officers Bo Zeya, Bo Yan Aung and Bo Yè Htut (all three of them members of the Thirty Comrades), and the Karen National Union (KNU).
Cymbocarpum
Cymbocarpum is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apiaceae.

Its native range is Western Asia, Caucasus.

Species:

Cymbocarpum alinihatii Menemen & Çingay

Cymbocarpum amanum Rech.f.

Cymbocarpum anethoides DC. ex C.A.Mey.

Cymbocarpum erythraeum (DC.) Boiss.

Cymbocarpum wiedemannii Boiss.

Apiaceae
Apiaceae (/ˌeɪpiˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ ⓘ), also called Umbelliferae, is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium, and commonly known as the celery, carrot, or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,800 species in about 446 genera, including such well-known, and economically important plants as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip and sea holly, as well as silphium, a plant whose exact identity is unclear and which may be extinct.

The family Apiaceae includes a significant number of phototoxic species, such as giant hogweed, and a smaller number of highly poisonous species, such as poison hemlock, water hemlock, spotted cowbane, fool's parsley, and various species of water dropwort.
Hungary in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015
Hungary was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 with the song "Wars for Nothing", written by Áron Sebestyén, Boglárka Csemer and Sára Hélène Bori. The song was performed by Boggie. The Hungarian broadcaster Media Services and Support Trust Fund (MTVA) in collaboration with the Hungarian public broadcaster Magyar Televízió (MTV), organised the national final A Dal 2015 in order to select the Hungarian entry for the Eurovision Song Contest in Vienna, Austria. Following a six-week long selection process, Boggie emerged as the winner with the acoustic guitar driven ballad "Wars for Nothing". In the first of the Eurovision semi-finals "Wars for Nothing" placed eighth out of the 16 participating countries, securing its place among the 27 other songs in the final. In Hungary's thirteenth Eurovision appearance on 23 May, "Wars for Nothing" finished in twentieth place, receiving 19 points.

Magdi Rúzsa
Magdolna "Magdi" Rúzsa (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈmɒɡdolnɒ ˈruːʒɒ]; Serbian: Магдолна Ружа, romanized: Magdolna Ruža; born 28 November 1985) is a Hungarian musician, television personality, singer, songwriter and music coach who won the 2006 title of Megasztár ("Megastar"), Hungary's nationwide talent search, that resembles, but is not based on, Pop Idol. As the winner of the category "Newcomer of the Year" at the Fonogram Hungarian Music Awards in 2007, she represented Hungary at the Eurovision Song Contest in Helsinki, Finland with the song "Unsubstantial Blues". She finished ninth and won a Marcel Bezençon Award in the Best Composer category. She often performs songs by her favorite singer, Janis Joplin.
1954 UMass Redmen baseball team
The 1954 UMass Redmen baseball team represented the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the 1954 NCAA baseball season. The Redmen played their home games at Alumni Field. The team was coached by Earl Lorden in his 7th year as head coach at UMass.

The Redmen won the District I to advance to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Missouri Tigers.

1954 Missouri Tigers baseball team
The 1954 Missouri Tigers baseball team represented the University of Missouri in the 1954 NCAA baseball season. The Tigers played their home games at Rollins Field. The team was coached by Hi Simmons in his 16th season at Missouri.

The Tigers won the College World Series, defeating Rollins College 4-1 in the final.