hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Unorganized North Algoma District
Unorganized North Algoma District is an unorganized area in northeastern Ontario, Canada, comprising all areas in Algoma District, north of the Sault Ste. Marie to Elliot Lake corridor, which are not part of an incorporated municipality or a First Nation. It covers 43,618.95 km2 (16,841.37 sq mi) of land, and had a population of 6,050 in 2021. Many of these communities were/are stations on the Algoma Central Railway or were logging/mining towns.

Elliot Lake
Elliot Lake is a city in Algoma District, Ontario, Canada. It is north of Lake Huron, midway between the cities of Sudbury and Sault Ste. Marie in the Northern Ontario region. Once dubbed the "uranium capital of the world," Elliot Lake has since diversified to a hub for advanced manufacturing, forest harvesting, mine reclamation expertise, retirement living, all-season tourism and remote work. The nearby Mississagi Provincial Park is one of only ten operating parks in Ontario with back country hiking and camping, and is the eighth-largest hiking network in Ontario among all operating parks.
Grundsund
Grundsund (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈɡrɵ̂nːdsɵnd]) is a locality situated in Lysekil Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden. It had 627 inhabitants in 2010. It is located in the middle Bohusläns outer coastal strip, 25 km (16 mi) south of municipal seat of Lysekil and 40 km (25 mi) west of Uddevalla.

Västra Götaland County
Västra Götaland County  (Swedish: Västra Götalands län) is a county or län on the western coast of Sweden.

The county is the second most populous of Sweden's counties and it comprises 49 municipalities (kommuner). Its population of 1,616,000 amounts to 17% of Sweden's population. The formal capital and seat of the governor of Västra Götaland County is Gothenburg. The political capital and seat of the Västra Götaland Regional Council is Vänersborg.

The county was established on 1 January 1998, when Älvsborg County, Gothenburg and Bohus County and Skaraborg County were merged.
Ken (unit)
The ken (Japanese: 間) is a traditional Japanese unit of length, equal to six shaku ('Japanese feet'). The exact value has varied over time and location but has generally been a little shorter than 2 meters (6 ft 7 in). It is now standardized as 1.82 m.

Although mostly supplanted by the metric system, this unit is a common measurement in Japanese architecture, where it is used as a proportion for the intervals between the pillars of traditional-style buildings. In this context, it is commonly translated as "bay". The length also appears in other contexts, such as the standard length of the bō staff in Japanese martial arts and the standard dimensions of the tatami mats. As these are used to cover the floors of most Japanese houses, floor surfaces are still commonly measured not in square meters but in "tatami" which are equivalent to half of a square ken.

Bō
A bō (棒) (pong (Korean); pang (Cantonese); bang (Mandarin); kun (Okinawan)) is a staff weapon used in Okinawa. Rokushakubō are typically around 1.8 m (71 in) long and used in Okinawan martial arts and Japanese arts such as bōjutsu. Other staff-related weapons are the jō, which does not have a standard length, and the hanbō (half bō), which is 90 cm (35 in) long.
Théodore Pilette
Théodore Eugène Pilette (8 September 1883 – 13 May 1921) was a Belgian racing driver. He started racing in 1903 and was the first Belgian to race at the Indianapolis 500. Competing in the 1913 event with his works Mercedes-Knight, Pilette was among the first Europe-based drivers to travel from overseas for the race. Despite having the smallest engine, he took fifth place, averaging 68.148 mph (109.674 km/h) over the 500 miles (800 km).

Pilette was the importer in Belgium for Bugatti and Mercedes. His concession, Etablissements Pilette, was located Rue Veydt in Brussels.

Pilette died on his way back from the Mercedes factory in a road accident near Capellen with his mechanic, Bruyère. He was the father of auto racer André Pilette, and grandfather of racer Teddy Pilette.

1913 Indianapolis 500
The Third International 500-Mile Sweepstakes Race was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Friday, May 30, 1913. Frenchman Jules Goux became the first foreign-born, and first European winner of the Indianapolis 500. His margin of victory of 13 minutes, 8 seconds (approximately 7 laps) over second place Spencer Wishart still stands, as of 2025, as the largest margin of victory in Indianapolis 500 history.
Joe Gantenbein
Joseph Steven Gantenbein (August 25, 1915 – April 20, 1993) was an American Major League Baseball infielder in Major League Baseball who played from 1939 to 1940 for the Philadelphia Athletics. Listed at 5' 9", 168 lb., Gantenbein batted and threw right handed. He was born in San Francisco.

In a two-season career, he posted a .272 batting average with eight home runs and 59 RBI in 186 games played.

He also played for six Minor league teams in parts of 10 seasons spanning 1935–1949.

Gantenbein died in Novato, California, at the age of 77.

Novato, California
Novato (Spanish for "Novatus") is a city in Marin County, California, United States, situated in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. At the 2020 census, Novato had a population of 53,225.
Chooser
Chooser can refer to:

Choosing, to select freely and after consideration.

A user interface on a computer that allows the user to choose items from large collections of data.
Apple Chooser, an application for Macintosh systems.
Spectasia 3D Chooser, an application for Windows and Macintosh systems.

Chooser (Mac OS)
The Chooser is an application program for Macintosh systems using the classic Mac OS. The Chooser started out as a desk accessory and became a standalone application program as of System 7. The Chooser allowed users to connect to AppleShare file servers (via AppleTalk or TCP/IP), enable or disable the network access, and select which printer to use.
Magnus Lidén
Magnus Lidén (born 1951) is a Swedish systematic botanist.

Lidén received a PhD in systematic botany from University of Gothenburg in 1986, where he stayed until 1997. He was the director of the Uppsala Botanic Gardens from 1998 – 2003. Since 2004, he has been a researcher at the department of Systematic Biology at the Evolutionary Biology Center of Uppsala University.

Lidén is best known for his studies on the plant family Fumariaceae (the bleeding heart family), and the genus Dionysia (cushion primroses). His research has taken him to the Mediterranean, Central Asia, Iran, and the Sino-Himalayan area (southwest China and northeast India).

Lidén has also worked on species concepts, evolutionary ontology, and biological nomenclature.

The standard author abbreviation Lidén is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

Systematic Biology
Systematic Biology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists. It covers the theory, principles, and methods of systematics as well as phylogeny, evolution, morphology, biogeography, paleontology, genetics, and the classification of all living things.

The journal was established in 1952 as Systematic Zoology and obtained its current title in 1992.
Kōdai-ji
Kōdai-ji (高台寺) is a  Buddhist temple located in the Shimogawara neighborhood of  Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto, Japan. It belongs to the Kenninji branch of the Rinzai school of Japanese Zen. Its sangō prefix is Jubuzan (鷲峰山), and its Main image is a statue Shaka Nyorai. Its precincts were designated a National Historic Site in 1966. The gardens of Kōdai-ji were designed by Kobori Enshū and are a nationally designated Place of Scenic Beauty.

Japanese Zen
See also Zen for an overview of Zen, Chan Buddhism for the Chinese origins, and Sōtō, Rinzai and Ōbaku for the three main schools of Zen in Japan

Japanese Zen refers to the Japanese forms of Zen Buddhism, an originally Chinese Mahāyāna school of Buddhism that strongly emphasizes dhyāna, the meditative training of awareness and equanimity. This practice, according to Zen proponents, gives insight into one's true nature, or the emptiness of inherent existence, which opens the way to a liberated way of living.
The Fosters season 4
The fourth season of The Fosters premiered on June 20, 2016 and ended on April 11, 2017. The season consisted of 20 episodes and stars Teri Polo and Sherri Saum as Stef Foster and Lena Adams, an interracial lesbian couple, who foster a girl, Callie (Maia Mitchell) and her younger brother, Jude (Hayden Byerly) while also trying to juggle raising Latino twin teenagers, Mariana and Jesus (Cierra Ramirez and Noah Centineo), and Stef's biological son, Brandon (David Lambert).

Sherri Saum
Sherri Saum (born October 1, 1974) is an American actress. Saum is best known for her co-lead role as Lena Adams Foster in the Freeform drama series The Fosters (2013–2018) as well as a subsequent guest star role in its spinoff Good Trouble (2019–2024). She is also known for her television roles in Beggars and Choosers, Rescue Me, In Treatment and Locke & Key, as well as for her roles in the daytime soap operas Sunset Beach and One Life to Live.
EAC Generals basketball
The EAC Generals basketball program represents Emilio Aguinaldo College (EAC) in men's basketball as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (Philippines) (NCAA). The EAC Generals joined the NCAA in 2009, having been a fixture in the National Capital Region Athletic Association (NCRAA) and Universities and Colleges Athletic Association (UCAA).

National Collegiate Athletic Association (Philippines)
The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA; /ˌɛnsiː.eɪˈeɪ/ EN-see-AY-AY) is an athletic association of ten  private colleges and universities in Metro Manila, Philippines. Established in 1924, it is the oldest collegiate athletic association in the country. It is not affiliated with the NCAA of the United States, as such it is also referred to as NCAA Philippines to differentiate the two associations.
At the First Fall of Snow
"At the First Fall of Snow" is a song written by Lorene Rose.  It is primarily associated with Hank Williams, who recorded it at WWKH in Shreveport, Louisiana as part of the Johnnie Fair Syrup program between August 1948 and May 1949. The surviving acetates feature Williams accompanied by his own guitar singing many of his favorite songs by Ernest Tubb, Gene Autry, and Roy Acuff, among others.  MGM obtained the rights to the acetates and "At the First Fall of Snow" was released as a single in September 1955 with "Someday You'll Call My Name" as the B-side.  By February 1956 it had sold thirty thousand copies.

Hank Snow covered the song for RCA.  Rose Maddox also recorded the song for Capitol Records.

Rose Maddox
Roselea Arbana "Rose" Maddox (August 15, 1925 – April 15, 1998) was an American country singer-songwriter and fiddle player, who was the lead singer with the Maddox Brothers and Rose before a successful solo career.  Her musical styles blended hillbilly music, rockabilly and gospel. She was noted for her "reputation as a lusty firebrand", and her "colorful Western costumes"; she was one of the earliest clients of Hollywood tailor, Nathan Turk.
William Collis
William Stewart Collis (27 September 1860 — 2 January 1947) was an Irish international rugby union player.

A Dublin solicitor, Collis played rugby during his youth and received an Ireland cap in 1884, playing as a forward against Wales at Cardiff. He was the head of Collis & Ward Solicitors.

Collis's son Robert was also an Ireland rugby international. Robert's twin brother was the writer John Stewart Collis and another son, Maurice Collis, was a colonial administrator in Burma.

Maurice Collis
Maurice Stewart Collis (10 January 1889 – 12 January 1973) was an administrator in Burma (Myanmar) when it was part of the British Empire, and afterwards a writer on Southeast Asia, China and other historical subjects.
Kokora Glacier
Kokora Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Кокора, romanized: lednik Kokora, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik koˈkɔrɐ]) is the 13 km long and 1.5 km wide glacier in Stevrek Ridge, Aristotle Mountains on Oscar II Coast in Graham Land.  It flows 11 km eastwards between two parallel branches of the ridge, then turns southeast to join Melville Glacier.  Named after the settlement of Kokora in Southern Bulgaria.

Oscar II Coast
Oscar II Coast is that portion of the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula between Cape Fairweather to the north, and Cape Alexander to the south. Discovered in 1893 by Captain C.A. Larsen, who named it for King Oscar II of Norway and Sweden. To the north of this coast is Nordenskjöld Coast.
WTC 9/11
WTC 9/11 is a composition by Steve Reich for string quartet written in 2009–2010 which premiered on March 19, 2011 at Duke University. The piece was written for the Kronos Quartet, who performed the premiere, and was co-commissioned by Barbican Centre, Carnegie Hall, Duke University, the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, the Philharmonic Society of Orange County, the Phyllis C. Wattis Foundation, Chamber Music America and the National Endowment for the Arts. The piece is approximately fifteen minutes long, and draws inspiration from the events of September 11, 2001. In 2019, writers of The Guardian ranked it the 17th greatest work of art music since 2000.

Chamber Music America
Chamber Music America (CMA) is an American non-profit organization that provides small ensemble professionals with access to a variety of professional development, networking, and funding resources. CMA's regular initiatives include grants, awards, and commissioning programs for ensembles and presenters, a national conference held annually in New York City, and the publication of Chamber Music magazine.

CMA defines chamber music as "music composed for small ensembles, with one musician per part, generally performed without a conductor. The term once referred only to Western classical music for small ensembles, such as string quartets. But today chamber music encompasses myriad forms, including contemporary and traditional jazz, classical, and world genres." CMA-member organizations and individuals include ensembles, musicians, concert presenters, artist managers, composers, educators, and others involved in the performance of classical, jazz, contemporary, and world music.
Wyastone Leys
Wyastone Leys is a country house estate and Grade II listed building situated near Ganarew, in the southwestern corner of The Doward, in Herefordshire, England. The house and estate has also been known as The Leys or Lays House. It is located 2 miles (3.2 km) from Monmouth and 8 miles (13 km) from Ross-on-Wye. The house is in close proximity to the River Wye and less than 50 metres (160 ft) from the county boundary between Herefordshire and Monmouthshire.

The house and its surrounding buildings are now occupied by Nimbus Records, who were the first producers of compact discs in the UK.  In the woodland of Little Doward Hill above the house, the Forestry Commission planted, in 1959, a pattern of trees with contrasting foliage in the shape of the letters ER, to mark the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II.

Ross-on-Wye
Ross-on-Wye is a market town and civil parish in Herefordshire, England, near the border with Wales. It had a population estimated at 10,978 in 2021. It lies in the south-east of the county, on the River Wye and on the northern edge of the Forest of Dean.
Strand Releasing
Strand Releasing is an American film distribution company founded in 1989 and is based in Culver City, California. The company has distributed over 300 auteur-driven titles from acclaimed international and American directors such as Apichatpong Weerasethakul, Gregg Araki, François Ozon, Jean-Luc Godard, Catherine Breillat, Claire Denis, Fatih Akin, Aki Kaurismäki, Claude Miller, Manoel de Oliveira, Gaspar Noé, André Téchiné and Terence Davies.

Claire Denis
Claire Denis (/dəˈniː/; French: [dəni]; born 21 April 1946) is a French film director and screenwriter. Her feature film Beau Travail (1999) has been called one of the greatest films of the 1990s and of all time. Her work has dealt with themes of colonial and post-colonial West Africa, as well as issues in modern France, and continues to influence European cinematic identity.

Other acclaimed works include Trouble Every Day (2001), 35 Shots of Rum (2008), White Material (2009), High Life (2018) and Both Sides of the Blade (2022), the last of which won her the Silver Bear for Best Director at the 72nd Berlin International Film Festival. For Stars at Noon (2022), Denis won the Grand Prix at the 2022 Cannes Film Festival, sharing the award with Lukas Dhont's Close.
Biscoe (surname)
Biscoe is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bert Biscoe, Cornish bard

Charles Biscoe (1875–1948), British fencer

Chris Biscoe (1947 - ), English jazz multi-instrumentalist

Donna Biscoe (born 1955), American actress

John Biscoe (1794 - 1843), nineteenth-century English explorer

John Biscoe (MP) (1613–1672), English politician and colonel in the New Model Army

Maurice B. Biscoe (1871–1953), American architect

Patsy Biscoe (1946 - ), Australian singer

Richard Biscoe (died 1748), English clergyman and dissenting minister

Chris Biscoe
Chris Biscoe (born 5 February 1947, East Barnet, Hertfordshire, England) is an English jazz multi-instrumentalist, a player of the alto, soprano, tenor and baritone saxophone, the alto clarinet, piccolo and flute. Biscoe is most notable for his work with Mike Westbrook and the National Youth Jazz Orchestra (NYJO).
Len Stirling
Leonard Walter Stirling (November 3, 1937 – February 12, 2024) was a Canadian politician in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. He was a member of the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1979 to 1982 and was leader of the Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador from 1980 to 1982.

Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
The Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly (French: Chambre d'assemblée de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador) is the unicameral deliberative assembly of the General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It meets in the Confederation Building in St. John's. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, in the name of the Sovereign.

The governing party sits on the left side of the speaker of the House of Assembly as opposed to the traditional right side of the speaker. This tradition dates back to the 1850s as the heaters in the Colonial Building were located on the left side. Thus, the government chose to sit near the heat, and leave the opposition sitting in the cold.
4-acetamidobutyrate deacetylase
In enzymology, a 4-acetamidobutyrate deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.63) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

4-acetamidobutanoate + H2O  acetate + 4-aminobutanoate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 4-acetamidobutanoate and H2O, whereas its two products are acetate and 4-aminobutanoate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in linear amides.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 4-acetamidobutanoate amidohydrolase. This enzyme participates in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups and lysine degradation.

Urea cycle
The urea cycle (also known as the ornithine cycle) is a cycle of biochemical reactions that produces urea (NH2)2CO from ammonia (NH3). Animals that use this cycle, mainly amphibians and mammals, are called ureotelic.

The urea cycle converts highly toxic ammonia to urea for excretion. This cycle was the first metabolic cycle to be discovered by Hans Krebs and Kurt Henseleit in 1932, five years before the discovery of the TCA cycle. The urea cycle was described in more detail later on by Ratner and Cohen. The urea cycle takes place primarily in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the kidneys.
2025 GT World Challenge Europe Endurance Cup
The 2025 GT World Challenge Europe Endurance Cup was the fifteenth season of the GT World Challenge Europe Endurance Cup since its inception in 2011 as the Blancpain Endurance Series. The season began on 13 April at Circuit Paul Ricard and finished on 12 October at Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya.

Circuit Paul Ricard
The Circuit Paul Ricard (French pronunciation: [siʁkɥi pɔl ʁikaʁ]) is a French motorsport race track built in 1969 at Le Castellet, Var, near Marseille, with finance from pastis magnate Paul Ricard. Ricard wanted to experience the challenge of building a racetrack. The circuit has hosted the FIA Formula One French Grand Prix intermittently from 1971 to 2022.
Karl Heinrich Baumgärtner
Karl Heinrich Baumgärtner (21 October 1798 in Pforzheim – 11 December 1886 in Baden-Baden) was a German physician and pathologist.

He studied medicine at the Universities of Tübingen and Heidelberg, obtaining his medical degree in 1818. Following graduation, he attended to hospitals in Vienna and Berlin, and in 1820 was assigned as a regimental physician in Rastatt. In 1822 he was associated with an artillery brigade at Karlsruhe, and during the following year, he visited hospitals in Paris and London. From 1824 to 1862 he was a professor of clinical medicine at the University of Freiburg. During his career, he also served as a privy councilor to the Grand Duchy of Baden.

In the field of embryology, his Bildungskugeltheorie (1830) is considered to be a precursor to the cell theory proposed by Theodor Schwann.

Embryology
Embryology (from Greek ἔμβρυον, embryon, 'the unborn, embryo'; and -λογία, -logia) is the branch of zoology that studies the prenatal development of gametes (sex cells), fertilization and development of embryos and fetuses. Embryology includes teratology, the study of congenital disorders that occur before birth.

Early embryology, put forward by Marcello Malpighi, was preformationist in concept: based on the idea that organisms develop from pre-existing miniature versions of themselves.  The theory now accepted, epigenesis, is the idea that organisms develop from seed or egg in a sequence of steps.  This concept was proposed in antiquity by Aristotle. Modern embryology developed from the work of Karl Ernst von Baer, though accurate observations had been made in Italy by anatomists such as Aldrovandi and Leonardo da Vinci in the Renaissance.
Ad Turres (Latium)
Ad Turres was an ancient city of Latium. Ad Turres originally belonged to the Volsci, and stood on the Via Severiana, 4 miles from Circeii and 9 miles from Tarracina.  The location of Ad Turres is not precisely known: the editors of Hazlitt's Classical Gazetteer place it at Torre Olevola, the editors of the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World tentatively place it at San Felice Circeo.  Both places are in the modern Province of Latina, Lazio, Italy.

Province of Latina
The province of Latina (Italian: provincia di Latina) is a province in the Lazio region of Italy. Its provincial capital is the city of Latina. It is bordered by the provinces of Frosinone to the northeast and by the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital to the northwest.

It has an area of 2,251 square kilometres (869 mi2) and a population of 561,189 (2012). The province contains comuni (sg.: comune).
Samsung Galaxy Player
The Samsung Galaxy Player (known as the Samsung Galaxy S WiFi in Europe) is a line of discontinued Android-based all-purpose pocket computers produced by Samsung. The product was debuted on 2 September at the 2010 IFA in Berlin, and was showcased at the 2011 CES in Las Vegas.

Consumer Electronics Show
CES (formerly an initialism for Consumer Electronics Show) is an annual trade show organized by the Consumer Technology Association (CTA). Held in January at the Las Vegas Convention Center in Winchester, Nevada, United States, the event typically hosts presentations of new products and technologies in the consumer electronics industry.