hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Colenso
Christianity portal

John William Colenso (24 January 1814 – 20 June 1883) was a British cleric and mathematician, defender of the Zulu people, and biblical scholar, who served as the first Bishop of Natal. He was a scholar of the Zulu language. In his role as an Anglican theologian, Colenso is now remembered for views of the Bible that set off intense controversy.

Cetshwayo
Cetshwayo kaMpande (/kɛtʃˈwaɪ.oʊ/; Zulu pronunciation: [ᵏǀétʃwajo kámpande]; c. 1826 – 8 February 1884) was the king of the Zulu Kingdom from 1873 to 1884 and its Commander in Chief during the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879. His name has been rendered as Cetywayo or Cetshwayo. Cetshwayo consistently opposed the war and sought fruitlessly to make peace with the British and was defeated and exiled following the Zulu defeat in the war. He was later allowed to return to Zululand, where he died in 1884.
Delaye
Delaye is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Elisa Delaye-Fuchs (fl. 1872), Swiss composer and a Professor of Harmony at the Conservatoire de Musique de Genève

Guy Delaye (1929–1986), French professional rugby league footballer

Marguerite Delaye, French woman who fought during the siege of Montelimar by Admiral Coligny in April 1570

Philippe Delaye (born 1975), French professional footballer

Sacha Delaye (born 2002), French professional footballer

Elisa Delaye-Fuchs
Elisa Delaye-Fuchs (var. Fuchs, Delaye, Fuchs-Delaye) (1872–?) was a Swiss composer and a Professor of Harmony at the Conservatoire de Musique de Genève. Although prolific in her output she is very little known today.
O. C. Barber Colt Barn
The O. C. Barber Colt Barn, built in 1912, is an historic farm building located on Austin Drive on the Anna-Dean Farm in Barberton, Ohio. It was built by American businessman and  industrialist Ohio Columbus Barber, the developer of both Barberton, which he envisioned as a planned industrial community, and the nearby 3,500-acre (14 km2) Anna-Dean Farm, which he envisioned as a prototype for modern agricultural enterprise. Barber was called America's Match King because of his controlling interest in the Diamond Match Company.

It is one of the smallest barns on the Anna-Dean Farm and was first called Bull Barn No 2 and used to house bulls until 1913, when it was renamed the Colt Barn and used to house colts and mares in foal.

On October 9, 1974, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

O. C. Barber
Ohio Columbus Barber (April 20, 1841 – February 4, 1920)  was an American businessman, industrialist and philanthropist.  He was called "America's Match King" because of his controlling interest in the Diamond Match Company, which had 85 percent of the market in 1881. At his peak, his companies had a labor force of thousands while his products were used by most people in the United States and a sizable fraction of the world's population on a daily basis.

Barber founded the city of Barberton, Ohio, in 1891 and moved his manufacturing plant there in 1894.  It produced 250 million matches per day. He also founded the Akron City Hospital.
La Chiripada Winery
La Chiripada Winery is an American winery in Dixon, New Mexico, founded in 1981 by Michael and Patrick Johnson. It has regularly won awards for its wines at the Southwest Wine Competition and the New Mexico State Fair Wine Competition. It is the highest commercial winery in the United States, at an elevation of 6,100 feet (1,900 m). La Chiripada is a feature of the annual Dixon Studio Tour, which is held in late fall and is the oldest continuously running annual studio tour in Northern New Mexico.

La Chiripada has a tasting room in the Taos Downtown Historic District on Bent Street, the La Chiripada Wine Shop.

Taos Downtown Historic District
Taos Downtown Historic District is a historic district in Taos, New Mexico. Taos "played a major role in the development of New Mexico, under Spanish, Mexican, and American governments." It is a key historical feature of the Enchanted Circle Scenic Byway of northern New Mexico.
Karla Pretorius
Karla Pretorius (née Mostert; born 12 March 1990) is a South African netball player, and has represented her country with the South Africa national netball team. She plays in the positions of Goal Defence (GD) and Wing Defence (WD).

She previously played for the Sunshine Coast Lightning in the Suncorp Super Netball competition.

University of the Free State
The University of the Free State (Afrikaans: Universiteit van die Vrystaat; Sesotho: Yunivesithi ya Freistata) is a multi-campus public university in Bloemfontein, the capital of the Free State and the judicial capital of South Africa. It was first established as an institution of higher learning in 1904 as a tertiary section of Grey College. It was declared an independent Afrikaans-language university in 1950 and the name was changed to the University of the Orange Free State. The university has two satellite campuses. Initially a whites-only precinct, the university was fully de-segregated in 1996. The first black university vice-chancellor was appointed in 2010.
Luzin space
In mathematics, a Luzin space (or Lusin space), named for N. N. Luzin, is an uncountable topological T1 space without isolated points in which every nowhere-dense subset is countable. There are many minor variations of this definition in use: the T1 condition can be replaced by T2 or T3, and some authors allow a countable or even arbitrary number of isolated points.

The existence of a Luzin space is independent of the axioms of ZFC. Lusin (1914) showed that the continuum hypothesis implies that a Luzin space exists. 
Kunen (1977) showed that assuming Martin's axiom and the negation of the continuum hypothesis, there are no Hausdorff Luzin spaces.

Separation axiom
In topology and related fields of mathematics, there are several restrictions that one often makes on the kinds of topological spaces that one wishes to consider. Some of these restrictions are given by the separation axioms. These are sometimes called Tychonoff separation axioms, after Andrey Tychonoff.

The separation axioms are not fundamental axioms like those of set theory, but rather defining properties which may be specified to distinguish certain types of topological spaces. The separation axioms are denoted with the letter "T" after the German Trennungsaxiom ("separation axiom"), and increasing numerical subscripts denote stronger and stronger properties.

The precise definitions of the separation axioms have varied over time. Especially in older literature, different authors might have different definitions of each condition.
Green Spot (whiskey)
Green Spot is a single pot still Irish whiskey, produced specifically for Mitchell & Son of Dublin by Irish Distillers at the Midleton Distillery in County Cork, Ireland. Green Spot is one of the few remaining bonded Irish whiskeys, along with Mitchell's three older offerings, Yellow Spot, Red Spot, and Blue Spot. It is one of only four whiskeys specifically produced for and sold by an independent wine merchant in Ireland.

Bottled in bond
Bottled in bond (BIB) is a label for an American-produced distilled beverage that has been aged and bottled according to a set of legal regulations contained in the United States government's Standards of Identity for Distilled Spirits, as originally specified in the Bottled-in-Bond Act of 1897. As a reaction to widespread adulteration of American whiskey, the act made the federal government the guarantor of a spirit's authenticity, gave producers a tax incentive for participating and helped ensure proper accounting and the collection of tax that was due. Although the regulations apply to all spirits, most bonded spirits are whiskeys in practice.
James Coonan
James Michael Coonan (born December 21, 1946) is an Irish-American mobster and racketeer from Manhattan, New York who served as the boss of the Westies gang, an Irish mob group based in Hell's Kitchen, from approximately 1977 to 1988. Coonan was incarcerated and began serving a 75-year prison term in 1988.

Gangster
A gangster (informally gangsta) is a criminal who is a member of a gang. Most gangs are considered to be part of organized crime. Gangsters are also called mobsters, a term derived from mob and the suffix -ster. Gangs provide a level of organization and resources that support much larger and more complex criminal transactions than an individual criminal could achieve. Gangsters have been active for many years in countries around the world. Gangsters are the subject of many novels, films, television series, and video games.
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-acetylamphetamine
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-acetylamphetamine (DOAc) is a serotonin 5-HT2 receptor modulator of the amphetamine and DOx families. Its affinities (Ki) for the human serotonin 5-HT2 receptors are 80.5 nM for the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, 313 nM for the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor, and 91.3 nM for the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor. These affinities are much lower than those of many other DOx derivatives, such as DOB, but are very similar to those of 3,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA). DOAc is a controlled substance in Canada under phenethylamine blanket-ban language.

5-HT2A receptor
The 5-HT2A receptor is a subtype of the 5-HT2 receptor that belongs to the serotonin receptor family and functions as a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). It is a cell surface receptor that activates multiple intracellular signalling cascades.
Like all 5-HT2 receptors, the 5-HT2A receptor is coupled to the Gq/G11 signaling pathway. It is the primary excitatory receptor subtype among the serotonin-responsive GPCRs. The 5-HT2A receptor was initially noted for its central role as the primary target of serotonergic psychedelic drugs such as LSD and psilocybin mushrooms. It later regained research prominence when found to mediate, at least in part, the effects of many antipsychotic drugs, particularly atypical antipsychotics.
Angel (J. J. Cale song)
"Angel" is a pop rock song written by the American recording artist J.J. Cale. The British rock musician Eric Clapton covered the song and released his take on the track in 2013 on his studio album Old Sock for Polydor Records. The title was also released as a digital download single on March 4, 2013.

Old Sock
Old Sock is the nineteenth solo studio album by  Eric Clapton. It includes the two new compositions "Gotta Get Over" and "Every Little Thing", as well as covers. Several notable musicians were involved in the album, including Steve Winwood, JJ Cale and Paul McCartney.
Franklin Stahl
Franklin William Stahl (October 8, 1929 – April 2, 2025) was an American molecular biologist and geneticist. With Matthew Meselson, Stahl conducted the famous Meselson-Stahl experiment showing that DNA is replicated by a semiconservative mechanism, meaning that each strand of the DNA serves as a template for production of a new strand.

Stahl was a professor of biology at the University of Oregon's Institute of Molecular Biology in Eugene, Oregon.

Semiconservative replication
Semiconservative replication describes the mechanism of DNA replication in all known cells. DNA replication occurs on multiple origins of replication along the DNA template strands. As the DNA double helix is unwound by helicase, replication occurs separately on each template strand in antiparallel directions. This process is known as semi-conservative replication because two copies of the original DNA molecule are produced, each copy conserving (replicating) the information from one half of the original DNA molecule. Each copy contains one original strand and one newly synthesized strand. (Both copies should be identical, but this is not entirely assured.) The structure of DNA (as deciphered by James D. Watson and Francis Crick in 1953) suggested that each strand of the double helix would serve as a template for synthesis of a new strand. It was not known how newly synthesized strands combined with template strands to form two double helical DNA molecules.
Wolfgang Dahmen
Wolfgang Dahmen (born 19 October 1949) is a German mathematician working in approximation theory, numerical analysis, and partial differential equations. In 2002, he was awarded the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize and in 2011 the Gauss Lectureship. He was also a taekwondo athlete. He has been the Chair of the Society for the Foundations of Computational Mathematics (2014–).

In 2019, he was named a SIAM Fellow "for contributions to numerical methods for partial differential equations, signal processing, and learning". He was elected as a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society, in the 2025 class of fellows.

Gauss Lectureship
The  Gauss Lectureship (Gauß-Vorlesung) is an annually awarded mathematical distinction, named in honor of Carl Friedrich Gauss. It was established in 2001 by the German Mathematical Society with a series of lectures for a broad audience.

Each Gauss Lecture is paired with another presentation on the history of mathematics.
Guadalupe Pérez Rojas
Guadalupe Pérez Rojas (Latin American Spanish: [ɡwaðaˈlupe ˈpeɾes ˈroxas]; born 19 August 1994) is an Argentine former professional tennis player.

In her career, she won 13 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 18 May 2015, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 410. On 15 May 2017, she peaked at No. 161 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Partnering Sofía Luini, Pérez Rojas won her first $50k tournament at the Paraguay Open, defeating Anastasia Pivovarova and Patricia Maria Țig in the 2014 final.

Playing for the Argentina Fed Cup team, Pérez Rojas has a win–loss record of 1–2.

Patricia Maria Țig
Patricia Maria Țig (born 27 July 1994) is a Romanian tennis player.
Țig has a career-high WTA singles ranking of world No. 56, achieved on 26 October 2020. Her best doubles ranking of No. 155 was achieved on 14 November 2016. Țig has won one singles title on the WTA Tour and one WTA 125 title, as well as twenty one singles titles and eleven doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.
Satha Chaurasi
Satha Chaurasi (also known as Laghu Mewar) refers to an area in the west of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, where the majority population belongs to the members of the Rajputs (Thakur) community. It falls within the boundaries of the Ghaziabad, Meerut and Muzaffarnagar Lok Sabha constituencies.

Satha translates as group of sixty(60) Sisodia Rajput villages and chaurasi as group of eighty-four(84) Tomar or Tanwar Rajput villages. The villages of Satha-Chaurasi region are known as the ‘warrior villages’ maybe due to their historical importance. These numbers may have had a significant socio-political context in the medieval period as a definition of scope for territorial and lineal boundaries.

Meerut Lok Sabha constituency
Meerut Lok Sabha constituency (Hindi pronunciation: [meːɾəʈʰ]) is one of the 80 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. This constituency covers parts of Meerut and Hapur districts.
Church of Saint Anthony of Padua (Dwarec)
Church of Saint Anthony of Padua in Dwarec is a Roman Catholic church in Belarus, listed as a national Cultural heritage monument. In some sources it is called Corpus Christi church.

First written mentions of Dvarec date back to the early 15th century. Since 1451 several generations of the Kęsgaila family owned the town. In 1516 they established a Catholic parish in the town. In the 17th century the church had an icon of St Mary that was considered a miraculous one.

The old wooden church was demolished in the early 1900s and a Neo-Baroque stone church was built in its place by 1904. It was consecrated in the name of Saint Anthony of Padua.

After the World War II the church was closed and used as stables. It was restored only almost 50 years later, in 1989, and reconsecrated in 1990.

Baroque Revival architecture
The Baroque Revival, also known as Neo-Baroque (or Second Empire architecture in France and Wilhelminism in Germany), was an architectural style of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The term is used to describe architecture and architectural sculptures which display important aspects of Baroque style, but are not of the original Baroque period. Elements of the Baroque architectural tradition were an essential part of the curriculum of the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, the pre-eminent school of architecture in the second half of the 19th century, and are integral to the Beaux-Arts architecture it engendered both in France and abroad. 
An ebullient sense of European imperialism encouraged an official architecture to reflect it in Britain and France, and in Germany and Italy the Baroque Revival expressed pride in the new power of the unified state.
Dirk de Vos (rugby union)
Dirk Johannes Jacobus de Vos (8 April 1941 – 12 February 2011) was a South African international rugby union player.

Born in Kroonstad, de Vos was the son of a Graeme College dominee and attended the same institution growing up in Grahamstown. He was one of the most successful rugby players produced by Graeme College.

A scrum–half, de Vos received three Test caps for the Springboks, including matches against Scotland on away tours in 1965 and 1969. His other appearance came in a win over the Wallabies at Newlands in 1969, when he deputised for captain Dawie de Villiers. He also toured Australia with the Springboks in 1971, acting as back up to Joggie Viljoen, who was preferred for the Test matches. In a well travelled career, de Vos represented Western Province, Orange Free State, Transvaal, Western Transavaal and Northern Transvaal.

Kroonstad
Kroonstad (lit. 'Crown City' in Afrikaans) is a town on the N1 highway in Free State, South Africa. It is the fourth largest town in the Free State (after Bloemfontein, Welkom and Bethlehem). It is the second-largest commercial and urban centre in the Northern Free State (after Welkom), and an important railway junction on the main line from Cape Town to Johannesburg.
Kert Haavistu
Kert Haavistu (born 18 January 1980) is a former Estonian professional footballer, who used to play in the Meistriliiga for FC Flora Tallinn and FC TVMK Tallinn. He played the position of midfielder and is 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) tall and weighs 72 kg. He is also the former member of the Estonia national football team with 44 caps to his name.

He is the first Estonian footballer who has played in Estonia national team in football, futsal and beach soccer.

Haavistu has played beach soccer in S.C. Real/Triobet.

He has been the head coach of the Estonia national beach soccer team and Estonia national futsal team.

Haavistu has worked as a youth coach for Tallinna SC Real and now owns a restaurant in Malta.

Estonia national futsal team
The Estonia national futsal team represents Estonia during international futsal competitions such as the FIFA Futsal World Cup and the European Championships. It was formed in 2007 and is under the direction of the Estonian Football Association.
Elmabahçe, Artuklu
Elmabahçe (Kurdish: Tizyan) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Artuklu, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Surgucu tribe and had a population of 338 in 2021.

Mahallah
A mahalla (Arabic: مَحَلَّة, romanized: maḥalla, also transliterated as mahallah, etc.) is an Arabic word that comes from the root ḥ-l-l (ح ل ل), and originally denoted a place where one makes a halt. It has been variously translated as district, quarter, ward, or neighborhood in many parts of the Arab world, the Balkans, West and Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and nearby nations. In the Maghreb, it referred to a military formation or campaign for tax collection in the service of the sultan and his makhzen.
Joachim Dolomite
The Joachim Dolomite is a Middle Ordovician geologic formation in Arkansas, Illinois, and Missouri.  The name was first introduced in 1894 by Arthur Winslow in his study of the geology of Missouri.  Winslow designated a stratotype along Plattin Creek, which was misidentified as Joachim Creek, in Jefferson County.  The name was introduced into Arkansas in 1911, replacing part of the, now abandoned, Izard Limestone.

Stratotype
In geology, a stratotype or type section is the physical location or outcrop of a particular reference exposure of a stratigraphic sequence or stratigraphic boundary. If the stratigraphic unit is layered, it is called a stratotype, whereas the standard of reference for unlayered rocks is the type locality.

It can also be defined as "The particular sequence of strata chosen as standard of reference of a layered stratigraphic unit."

When a stratigraphic unit is nowhere fully exposed, the original type section may be supplemented with reference sections covering the full thickness of the unit. A reference section may also be defined when the original type section is poorly exposed, or for historical units which were designated without specifying a type section according to more modern standards.
Slate Run
Slate Run is a 7.3-mile-long (11.7 km) tributary of Pine Creek in Tioga and Lycoming counties, Pennsylvania in the United States.

Formed by the confluence of two of its tributaries, the Francis Branch and the Cushman Branch, Slate Run flows generally southeast to join Pine Creek at the community of Slate Run. The first 0.5 miles (0.8 km) or so of the main stem are in the Tioga State Forest in Tioga County, and the rest passes through the Tiadaghton State Forest in Lycoming County. Named tributaries include Morris Run and Red Run, which enter from the left, and Manor Fork, which enters from the right.

Slate Run, a popular fishery, supports wild brook and brown trout. Fishing is allowed year-round, but anglers are limited to fly fishing with barbless hooks and must return all caught trout to the stream. Other fish in the creek include eastern blacknose dace, longnose dace, slimy sculpins, and white suckers.

Tioga State Forest
Tioga State Forest is a Pennsylvania State Forest in District #16, in the Allegheny Plateau region within Tioga County, Pennsylvania.

The main offices are located in Wellsboro in Tioga County, Pennsylvania in the United States.

The state forest was named for the Tioga tribe of the Seneca, a Native American people, whose homeland was in the region. The Seneca language word "Tioga" means 'the meeting of two rivers' in English.

Prior to the July 1, 2005 realignment of Pennsylvania State Forest Districts, Tioga State Forest included almost all state forest lands in Tioga County and Bradford County, and encompassed 160,000 acres (64,750 ha). After realignment, the state forest tracts in Bradford County became part of the new Loyalsock State Forest. Currently, the forest is mostly located in Tioga County and only includes small areas within Bradford and Lycoming Counties.
Brentnall
Brentnall is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bev Brentnall (born 1936), New Zealand cricketer

Frederick Thomas Brentnall (1834–1925), English-born Australian Wesleyan preacher and politician

Greg Brentnall (born 1956), Australian rugby league footballer

Lyndon Brentnall, security company owner, RMS Protective Services

Sandra Brentnall (born 1962), Australian soccer player

Thomas Brentnall (1846–1937), English-born Australian chartered accountant

Bev Brentnall
Beverley Anne Brentnall (born 21 February 1936) is a New Zealand former cricketer who played as a wicket-keeper. She appeared in 10 Test matches and 5 One Day Internationals for New Zealand between 1966 and 1973. She was New Zealand's first ODI captain, leading them at the 1973 World Cup. Three of the five ODIs in which Brentnall captained were won by her team. She played domestic cricket for North Shore, as well as playing three matches for Middlesex in 1964 and playing in South Africa in the 1970s, including for Southern Transvaal.