hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Moshe Rubashkin
Moshe Rubashkin (born 1958) is an American businessman and convicted fraudster.

An ultra-Orthodox Jew of the Lubavitcher hasidic movement, he is a former chairman of the Crown Heights Jewish Community Council (CHJCC), a private, nonprofit social service organization in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, New York, that receives $2 million per annum in state funding for community improvement projects. He was elected to a three-year term in January 2005, while on probation after having served 15 months in federal prison on bank fraud charges. In 2008, he was sentenced to 16 months in prison for illegal storage of hazardous waste at a textile mill he formerly owned, and remained in office as head of CHJCC while serving time in federal prison.

Bank fraud
Bank fraud is the use of potentially illegal means to obtain money, assets, or other property owned or held by a financial institution, or to obtain money from depositors by fraudulently posing as a bank or other financial institution. In many instances, bank fraud is a criminal offence.

While the specific elements of particular banking fraud laws vary depending on jurisdictions, the term bank fraud applies to actions that employ a scheme or artifice, as opposed to bank robbery or theft. For this reason, bank fraud is sometimes considered a white-collar crime.
Like Once Lili Marleen
Like Once Lili Marleen (German: ...wie einst Lili Marleen) is a 1956 West German romantic drama film directed by Paul Verhoeven and starring Adrian Hoven, Marianne Hold and Claus Holm. The title refers to the popular wartime song "Lili Marleen" popularised by Lale Anderson, who performs it at a concert at the end of the film.

It was shot at the Spandau Studios in West Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Albrecht Hennings and Karl Weber.

Spandau Studios
The Spandau Studios or CCC Studios were film and television studios located in Spandau, a suburb of Berlin. They were established in 1949 following the Second World War by the producer Artur Brauner controller of CCC Films, on the site of a former factory. Following the Soviet occupation of East Germany, most of the major film studios in the capital were, with the exception of the Tempelhof Studios, located in East Berlin until Brauner opened his own studios.

Brauner produced a number of popular genre films over the following decades, including several remakes of Weimar era hits. Space was also rented out to other firms, and the 1960s saw the series of Edgar Wallace films made at Spandau by Rialto Film.
Ganzak
Ganzak is an ancient town founded in northwestern Iran. The city stood somewhere south of Lake Urmia, and it has been postulated that the Persian nobleman Atropates chose the city as his capital. The exact location, according to Minorsky, Schippmann, and Boyce, is identified as being the ruins (37.011555°N, 46.193187°E) at Leylan, Malekan County in the Miandoab plain.

Mary Boyce
Nora Elisabeth Mary Boyce (2 August 1920 – 4 April 2006) was a British scholar of Iranian languages and an authority on Zoroastrianism. She was Professor of Iranian Studies at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) of the University of London. The Royal Asiatic Society's annual Boyce Prize for outstanding contributions to the study of religion is named after her.
2021 Utah State Aggies football team
The 2021 Utah State Aggies football team represented Utah State University in the 2021 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Aggies were led by first-year head coach Blake Anderson and played their home games at Maverik Stadium. They competed as members of the Mountain Division of the Mountain West Conference. The finished the season 11–3, 6–2 in Mountain West play to win West division to earn a bid in the Mountain West  Championship game. They defeated San Diego State in the championship game to win the Mountain West championship. They received an invitation to the LA Bowl where they defeated Oregon State.

2021 San Diego State Aztecs football team
The 2021 San Diego State Aztecs football team represented San Diego State University in the 2021 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Aztecs were led by head coach Brady Hoke in the second season of his second stint as head coach and played their home games at Dignity Health Sports Park in Carson, California. They competed as members of the West Division of the Mountain West Conference.
Million Pound Girl (Badder Than Bad)
"Million Pound Girl (Badder Than Bad)" is a single by Ghanaian-English Afrobeats recording artist Fuse ODG. The song was released in the United Kingdom as a digital download on 29 December 2013. The song debuted at number 14 on the UK Singles Chart, and peaked at number 5 the following week. It debuted at number 22 on the Scottish Singles Chart, peaking at number 11 the following week, and also reached number 65 on the Irish Singles Chart.

Irish Singles Chart
The Irish Singles Chart is the Republic of Ireland's music industry standard singles popularity chart issued weekly by the Irish Recorded Music Association (IRMA) and compiled on their behalf by the Official Charts Company. Chart rankings are based on sales, which are compiled through over-the-counter retail data captured electronically each day from retailers' EPOS systems. All major record shops, digital retailers and streaming services contribute to the chart, accounting for over 95% of the market. A new chart is compiled and released to the public by the Irish Recorded Music Association on Friday at noon. Each chart is dated with the "week-ending" date of the previous Thursday (i.e., the day before issue). The singles chart was first published on 1 October 1962, and covered the top ten singles of the previous week by record label shipments.

As of the issue dated 27 February 2026, the current number-one single on the chart is "Rein Me In" by Sam Fender and Olivia Dean.
CJLY-FM
CJLY-FM, known on-air as Kootenay Co-op Radio, is a Canadian community radio station, which broadcasts at 93.5 FM in Nelson, British Columbia. The station also has rebroadcasters on 96.5 in Crawford Bay and 107.5 in New Denver, and 101.5 in South Slocan.

The station is one of several new community radio stations launched in the Kootenay region in the 2000s. Others include CHLI-FM in Rossland, CFAD-FM in Salmo, CJHQ-FM in Nakusp and CIDO-FM in Creston.

New Denver
New Denver is a village in the Central Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada at the mouth of Carpenter Creek, on the east shore of Slocan Lake, in the West Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia. The village is 47 kilometres (29 mi) west of Kaslo on Highway 31A, and 47 kilometres (29 mi) southeast of Nakusp and 32 kilometres (20 mi) northeast of Slocan on Highway 6.
Constitution in Exile
This article does not refer to The Constitution in Exile, a book by Judge Andrew Napolitano.

Constitution in Exile is a controversial term that refers to the situation resulting from provisions of the United States Constitution allegedly not having been enforced according to their "original intent" or "original meaning". Some originalists might argue, for example, that the Commerce Clause and Necessary and Proper Clause do not authorize economic legislation dating back to the New Deal.

Necessary and Proper Clause
The Necessary and Proper Clause, also known as the Elastic Clause, is a clause in Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution:

The Congress shall have Power... To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.

Since the landmark decision McCulloch v. Maryland, the US Supreme Court has ruled that this clause grants implied powers to the US Congress in addition to its enumerated powers.
Municipal Services Standards Committee
The Municipal Services Standards Committee (NKT) of the German Institute for Standardization (DIN) is responsible for standardisation in the field of waste management and city cleaning. It chairs a number of European standardisation committees (CEN) and it issues specifications on technical and logistical aspects in waste handling, road cleaning, highway maintenance and winter service.

Standardization
Standardization (American English) or standardisation (British English) is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization can help maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, efficiency, and quality. It can also facilitate a normalization of formerly custom processes.

In social sciences, including economics, the idea of standardization is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. Divergent national standards impose costs on consumers and can be a form of non-tariff trade barrier.
Mycena fuhreri
Mycena fuhreri is a species of agaric fungus in the family Mycenaceae. It is found in Tasmania, Australia, where it grows in leaf litter under Allocasuarina trees. Described in 2003 by mycologist Cheryl Grgurinovic, the specific epithet fuhreri honours mycologist Bruce A. Fuhrer.

Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, food, traditional medicine, as well as entheogens, poison, and infection. Yeasts are among the most heavily utilized members of the fungus kingdom, particularly in food manufacturing.

Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases. The two disciplines are closely related, because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist.
Dallas City Limits
Dallas City Limits was a live music venue and nightclub located at 10530 Spangler Road in Dallas, Texas. It played an important role in the Dallas music scene from the late-1980s until its closure in the mid-1990s. Its demise was due to the growing popularity in grunge music and the decline in metal. Some of the acts that performed at Dallas City Limits include Kiss, Extreme, Robin Trower, Anthrax, Ted Nugent, Cheap Trick, Pantera, Alice in Chains, Faster Pussycat, Dream Theater and Blue Öyster Cult.

Robin Trower
Robin Leonard Trower (born 9 March 1945) is an English rock guitarist and producer who achieved success with Procol Harum from 1967 until 1971 and as the bandleader of his own power trio known as the Robin Trower Band.

Although Procol Harum was primarily known as a progressive rock band, Trower himself is known for his blues-infused guitar playing, which critics have frequently compared to that of Jimi Hendrix, whom he has cited as an influence.

As a solo artist, Trower released four consecutive gold-certified albums from 1974 to 1977 that charted well in the US and Canada, but in the 1980s his career faltered. He briefly returned to Procol Harum for their 1991 reunion album, The Prodigal Stranger, but left again to resume his solo career. His most recent solo album, Come and Find Me, was released in 2025.
The Deanery, Brisbane
The Deanery is a heritage-listed detached house at 417 Ann Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It sits within the grounds of St John's Cathedral, Brisbane. It was built c. 1853 by Andrew Petrie and renovated in c. 1909 to a design by Robin Dods. It is also known as Adelaide House. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Brisbane central business district
The Brisbane central business district (CBD), officially Brisbane City, is the central suburb and central business district of Brisbane, the state capital of  Queensland, Australia. It is also colloquially referred to as the "CBD", "the city", or simply "town". The CBD is located on a point on the northern bank of the Brisbane River, historically known as Meanjin, Mianjin  or Meeanjin in the local Yuggera dialect. The triangular-shaped peninsula is bounded by the median of the Brisbane River to the east, south and west. The point, known at its tip as Gardens Point, slopes upward to the north-west where the city is bounded by parkland and the inner city suburb of Spring Hill to the north. The CBD is bounded to the north-east by the suburb of Fortitude Valley. To the west the CBD is bounded by Milton, Petrie Terrace, and Kelvin Grove.

In the 2021 census, the suburb of Brisbane City had a population of 12,587 people.
R. Leonard Brooks
Rowland Leonard Brooks (February 6, 1916 – June 18, 1993) was an English mathematician, known for proving Brooks's theorem on the relation between the chromatic number and the degree of graphs. He was born in Lincolnshire, England, studied at Trinity College, Cambridge University, and also worked with fellow Trinity students W. T. Tutte, Cedric Smith, and Arthur Harold Stone on the problem of "Squaring the square" (partitioning rectangles and squares into unequal squares), both under their own names and under the pseudonym Blanche Descartes.

After leaving Cambridge, he worked as a full-time tax inspector.

Degree (graph theory)
In graph theory, the degree (or valency) of a vertex of a graph is the number of edges that are incident to the vertex; in a multigraph, a loop contributes 2 to a vertex's degree, for the two ends of the edge. The degree of a vertex  is denoted  or . The maximum degree of a graph  is denoted by , and is the maximum of 's vertices' degrees. The minimum degree of a graph is denoted by , and is the minimum of 's vertices' degrees. In the multigraph shown on the right, the maximum degree is 5 and the minimum degree is 0.

In a regular graph, every vertex has the same degree, and so we can speak of the degree of the graph. A complete graph (denoted , where  is the number of vertices in the graph) is a special kind of regular graph where all vertices have the maximum possible degree, .

In a signed graph, the number of positive edges connected to a vertex  is called its positive degree and the number of connected negative edges is called  negative degree.
Halytsynivka
Halytsynivka (Ukrainian: Галицинівка; Russian: Галицыновка) is a village in Pokrovsk Raion (district) in Donetsk Oblast of eastern Ukraine, at 36.2 kilometres (22.5 mi) west-northwest (WNW) from the centre of Donetsk city, on the banks of the Vovcha river.

Points of the compass
The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography. A compass rose is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—each separated by 90 degrees, and secondarily divided by four ordinal (intercardinal) directions—northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest—each located halfway between two cardinal directions. Some disciplines such as meteorology and navigation further divide the compass with additional azimuths. Within European tradition, a fully defined compass has 32 "points" (and any finer subdivisions are described in fractions of points).

Compass points or compass directions are valuable in that they allow a user to refer to a specific azimuth in a colloquial fashion, without having to compute or remember degrees.
Ghoksadanga Birendranath Mahavidyalaya
Ghoksadanga Birendranath Mahavidyalaya, established in 2011, is general degree college in Ghoksadanga. It is in Cooch Behar district. It offers undergraduate courses in arts. It is affiliated to  Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University.

Cooch Behar
Cooch Behar (Bengali pronunciation: [kot͡ʃ biɦar]), also known as Koch Bihar, is a city in the Indian state of West Bengal and it stands on bank of the Torsa river. The city is the headquarters of the Cooch Behar district. During the British Raj, Cooch Behar was the seat of the princely state of Cooch Behar. In the North Bengal region, the only planned city with royal heritage is Cooch Behar. The city is a popular tourist destination and cultural hub in Bengal.
Tadeu Jungle
Tadeu Jungle (born 1956 in São Paulo) is a Brazilian multimedia artist. He works as a videomaker, photographer, poet, designer, producer and director of cinema and television.

Graduated in Social Communication through the School of Communication and Arts, USP, in 1980, Tadeu Jungle was part of an inventive group called TVDO were, along with his friends, made various experimental productions. Arlindo Machado refers to them as part of the Brazilian independent video generation and most recently he directed two feature films: Amanhã Nunca Mais (Tomorrow Never More, 2011) and the documentary Evoé, Retrato de um Antropófago (Evoé, Portrait of an Anthropophagist, 2011), about the playwright Zé Celso Martinez Correa. He is currently married to the director and screenwriter Estela Renner.

School of Communications and Arts, University of São Paulo
The School of Communications and Arts (Portuguese: Escola de Comunicações e Artes) at the University of São Paulo is an institution of higher education and research in the field of Arts and Communication located in São Paulo, Brazil. It was established on June 15, 1966 as School of Cultural Communication.
Pavel Kengelac
Pavle Kengelac or Pavel Kengelac (Velika Kikinda, Habsburg Empire, 29 June 1763 - Sveti Đurađ monastery, Habsburg Empire, now part of Romanian Banat, 7 March 1834) was a Serbian writer, polyglot, scientist, cleric and one of the few proponents of Slaveno-Serbian instead of the Serbian that was being reformed at the time. He was one of the leaders of the Serbian revival in the 18th century, begun by Dositej Obradović, Zaharije Orfelin, Pavle Julinac, Jovan Rajić, and continued by Milovan Vidaković.

Pavle Julinac
Pavle Julinac (1730–1785) was a Serbian writer, philosopher, historian, traveler, soldier, and diplomat in the Imperial Russian service. Julinac's "A Short Introduction to the History of the Slavo-Serbian People" published in Venice in 1765 was the first historiography on Serbs. Ten years later, Julinac's translation of Marmontel's "Bélisaire" was the first West European literary work in Serbian. The work of Marmontel soon popularized the philosophical ideas of the Enlightenment in Austria among the large Slavo-Serbian population there and in Russia.
James Lacy (actor)
James Lacy (1696–1774) was a British stage actor and theatre manager.

He joined John Rich's company at the Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre in 1724. His wife acted alongside him, and together they appeared in the premiere of John Gay's The Beggar's Opera as Robin of Bagshot and Dolly Trull respectively. During the 1730s, he collaborated with Henry Fielding, appearing as Witmore in his The Author's Farce and working with him at Bartholomew Fair. He got in trouble for producing plays illegally following the passage of a new Licensing Act in 1737.

By 1744, Lacy was manager of the Drury Lane Theatre where he clashed with actor David Garrick leading Garrick to leave the company for several years. In 1747, they reconciled and became co-managers of Drury Lane. In later years he owned a mansion called Lacy House, located close to the Thames in Isleworth.

Bartholomew Fair
The Bartholomew Fair was one of London's pre-eminent summer charter fairs. A charter for the fair was granted by King Henry I to fund the Priory of St Bartholomew in 1133. It took place each year on 24 August (St Bartholomew's Day) within the precincts of the Priory at West Smithfield, London until 1855 when it was banned due to the unruly crowd and what was seen as inappropriate entertainment for Victorian London.
Elise Käer-Kingisepp
Elise Käer-Kingisepp (née Käer; 3 October 1901 – 10 February 1989) was an Estonian physician, pharmacologist, physiologist and sports medicine specialist. She was one of the founders of the Estonian Association of University Women (Estonian: Eesti Akadeemiliste Naiste Ühing (EANÜ)) and was the second female scientist to graduate from the University of Tartu in Estonia.

Estonians
Estonians or Estonian people (Estonian: eestlased) are a Finnic ethnic group native to the Baltic Sea region in Northern Europe, primarily their nation state of Estonia.

Estonians primarily speak the Estonian language, a language closely related to other Finnic languages, e.g. Finnish, Karelian and Livonian. Estonians can also be classified into subgroups according to dialects (e.g. Võros, Setos), although such divisions have become less pronounced due to internal migration and rapid urbanisation in Estonia in the 20th century.

There are approximately 1.1 million ethnic Estonians worldwide, with the majority of them residing in their native Estonia. Estonian diaspora communities formed primarily in Finland, the United States, Sweden, Canada, and the United Kingdom.
Allier's 4th constituency
The 4th constituency of Allier was a French legislative constituency in the Allier département. For the June 2012 legislative election, Allier's "entitlement" of seats was reduced from four to three. The 4th constituency was therefore abolished, its constituent cantons being included in a revised 3rd constituency.

2012 French legislative election
Legislative elections were held in France on 10 and 17 June 2012 (and on other dates for small numbers of voters outside metropolitan France) to select the members of the 14th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic, a little over a month after the presidential election run-off held on 6 May.

All 577 single member seats in the assembly, including those representing overseas departments and territories and French residents overseas, were contested using a two-round system.
Masajirō Tazuke
Masajirō Tazuke (田附 政次郎, Tazuke Masajirō) (December 15, Bunkyū Year 3 (January 23, 1864) – April 26, Shōwa's 8th Year (1933)) was a Japanese Ōmi merchant and businessman. He became director of Ōsaka Spinning. He participated in the founding of Toyobo, Nisshinbo Holdings and Gosho (currently Kanematsu). Moreover, he was called "General Tazuke" because he participated actively as a cotton yarn speculator. He was renowned as "Tazuke for Sale". He was the great-grandfather of Hiroko Kuniya, the News presenter.

Hiroko Kuniya
Hiroko Kuniya (国谷裕子, Kuniya Hiroko) (born February 3, 1957) is a Japanese news presenter and journalist. Kuniya was born in Osaka Prefecture and graduated from International School of the Sacred Heart in 1975 and then Brown University with majors in international relations and international economics. In 1981, she began to work as a news caster and writer for the English-language broadcasts of NHK television's Seven O'clock News. Starting in 1986, she served as a researcher in the United States for NHK Special. Later assignments included satellite and ground network news shows, including Asia Now (1990), which was picked up in the U.S. by Public Broadcasting Service.
Hawaiian butterflyfish
The Hawaiian butterflyfish (Chaetodon tinkeri), also known as Tinker's butterflyfish, is a marine ray-finned fish, a butterflyfish belonging to the family Chaetodontidae of order Perciformes. It is found in the central Pacific Ocean.

Perciformes
Perciformes (/ˈpɜːrsɪˌfɔːrmiːz/), also called the Acanthopteri, is an order or superorder of ray-finned fish in the clade Percomorpha. Perciformes means "perch-like". Among the well-known members of this group are perches and darters (Percidae), and also sea basses and groupers (Serranidae). This order contains many familiar freshwater temperate and tropical marine fish groups, but also extremophiles that have successfully colonized both the North and South Poles, as well as the deepest depths of the ocean.