hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vanessa Lawrence
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Vanessa Vivienne Lawrence CB HonFREng FRGS FRICS FRSGS  CCMI   (born 14 July 1962) is a British businessperson, geographer and speaker working internationally.

For 14 years, until April 2014, she was Director-General and Chief Executive of Ordnance Survey, Great Britain's national mapping agency. She was the first woman to hold the post and at the time of her departure had held the Director General role longer than any predecessor in more than a century.

In 2015 Lawrence was appointed Global advisor for geospatial information to the World Bank Group.

The same year, she was also appointed as a Non-Executive Director of the Satellite Applications Catapult Ltd,  a Director of Location International, a Location Global Ltd Company and a Member of the Advisory Groups of the Urban Big Data Centre, Seraphim Space LLP, the Space Venture Capital Fund backed by the British Business Bank and Spatial Finance Initiative.

UK Space Agency
The UK Space Agency (UKSA) is an executive agency of the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, responsible for the United Kingdom's civil space programme. It was established on 1 April 2010 to replace the British National Space Centre (BNSC) and took over responsibility for government policy and key budgets for space exploration; it represents the United Kingdom in all negotiations on space matters. The agency "[brings] together all UK civil space activities under one single management", and is based at the Harwell Science and Innovation Campus near Didcot, Oxfordshire, England.

In August 2025, the UK government announced that the agency would be absorbed into the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology in April 2026, although its name would be retained.
Canadian Forces base
A Canadian Forces base (CFB; French: base des Forces canadiennes, BFC) is a military installation of the Canadian Armed Forces. For a facility to qualify as a Canadian Forces base, it must station one or more major units (e.g., army regiments, navy ships, air force wings).

Minor installations are named Canadian Forces station (CFS; French: station des Forces canadiennes, SFC). A Canadian Forces station could host a single minor unit (e.g., an early-warning radar station). Many of these facilities are now decommissioned for administrative purposes and function as detachments of a larger Canadian Forces base nearby.

CFB Winnipeg
Canadian Forces Base Winnipeg (CFB Winnipeg; IATA: YWG, ICAO: CYWG) is a Royal Canadian Air Force base located within the City of Winnipeg, Manitoba. Co-located at Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport, CFB Winnipeg is home to many flight operations support divisions, as well as several training schools. Its primary RCAF lodger unit is 17 Wing, commonly referred to as 17 Wing Winnipeg.

One of the facilities at CFB Winnipeg is the Billy Bishop Building which houses the headquarters of 1 Canadian Air Division (1 CAD) as well as the headquarters of Canadian North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) Region.
Potamotrygonocotyle dromedarius
Potamotrygonocotyle dromedarius is a species of monogenean parasites of Brazilian stingrays in which it infects the gills.
Specifically, it infect four different species of stingray: Ocellate river stingray (Potamotrygon motoro), Bigtooth river stingray (P. henlei), Xingu River ray (P. leopoldi), and an unidentified species of Potamotrygon.

Bigtooth river stingray
The bigtooth river stingray or Tocantins River ray (Potamotrygon henlei) is a species of freshwater fish in the family Potamotrygonidae. It is endemic to the lower Tocantins basin and Araguaia basin in Brazil, and prefers muddy bottoms. It is sometimes kept in aquaria. This stingray is generally common and its population increased after the Tucuruí Dam was completed, unlike many other species in its range.
Egon Rannet
Egon Rannet (until 1940 Eugen/Jevgeni Brükke; 29 November 1911 – 1 November 1983) was a Soviet and Estonian writer, playwright and screenwriter. Many of his works were affected by socialist realism.

He was born in Tallinn. In the 1930s he was a member of Vaps Movement. During World War II he was in Soviet military service. Since 1947 he was a professional writer.

Vaps Movement
The Vaps Movement is the popular name for the Union of Participants in the Estonian War of Independence (Estonian: Eesti Vabadussõjalaste Keskliit, later Eesti Vabadussõjalaste Liit), an Estonian political organization, whose members were commonly called Vaps (vabadussõjalased, or colloquially vapsid; singular: vaps). Founded in 1929, born out of associations of veterans of the Estonian War of Independence, emerging as a radical right-wing popular movement. The leaders of this association were Andres Larka (formal figurehead and presidential candidate) and Artur Sirk.
Danbury Common
Danbury Common is a 70.2-hectare (173-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Danbury in Essex, England. Most of it is common land owned by the National Trust, and two areas, the Backwarden and Hitchcock's Meadows, are part of Essex Wildlife Trust's Danbury Ridge Nature Reserves.

The site is one of the largest areas of heathland left in the county, and also has bracken and gorse scrub, and woodland with oak and birch. Upper parts are on glacial gravel, and lower down there are boggy heath and woodland areas. Woodland ground flora includes bluebells and anemones. Meadows have uncommon species such as meadow saxifrage  and hoary cinquefoil. The common is the main British site for the rosy marbled moth, and there are several ponds.

Common land
Common land  is collective land (sometimes only open to those whose nation governs the land) in which all persons have certain common rights, such as to allow their livestock to graze upon it, to collect wood, or to cut turf for fuel. A person who has a right in, or over, common land jointly with another or others is usually called a commoner.

In Great Britain, common land or former common land is usually referred to as a common; for instance, Clapham Common and Mungrisdale Common. Due to enclosure, the extent of common land is now much reduced from the hundreds of square kilometres that existed until the 17th century, but a considerable amount of common land still exists, particularly in upland areas. There are over 8,000 registered commons in England alone.
Paintings of 1940–1990s: the Leningrad School
Retrospective Exhibition "Painting of 1940–1990s. The Leningrad School" (Russian: Живопись 1940-1990 годов. Ленинградская школа (выставка, 1996)) was one of the most notable events in the Saint Petersburg exhibition live of 1996. The exhibition took place at the Memorial Museum of Nikolai A. Nekrasov.

Nikolay Nekrasov
Nikolay Alexeyevich Nekrasov (Russian: Никола́й Алексе́евич Некра́сов, IPA: [nʲɪkɐˈlaj ɐlʲɪkˈsʲejɪvʲɪtɕ nʲɪˈkrasəf] ⓘ, 10 December [O.S. 28 November] 1821 – 8 January 1878 [O.S. 27 December 1877]) was a Russian poet, writer, critic and publisher, whose deeply compassionate poems about the Russian peasantry made him a hero of liberal and radical circles in the Russian intelligentsia of the mid-nineteenth century, particularly as represented by Vissarion Belinsky and Nikolay Chernyshevsky. He is credited with introducing into Russian poetry ternary meters and the technique of dramatic monologue (On the Road, 1845). As the editor of several literary journals, notably Sovremennik, Nekrasov was also singularly successful and influential.
Shangfang Mountain (Suzhou)
Shangfang Mountain (Chinese: 上方山; pinyin: ShàngFāng shān) is a small mountain located in southwest of Suzhou near Shihu Lake. It's also a part of Shangfang Mountain National Forest Park. It is famous for Wu and Yue ruins.

Yue (state)
Yue (Chinese: 越), also known as Yuyue (於越 or 于越), was a state in ancient China which existed during the first millennium BC – the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods of China's Zhou dynasty – in the modern provinces of Zhejiang, Shanghai and Jiangsu. Its original capital was Kuaiji (modern Shaoxing); after its conquest of Wu, Yue relocated its court north to the city of Wu (modern-day Suzhou). Yue was conquered by Chu in 333 BC.
Ehresmann connection
In differential geometry, an Ehresmann connection (after the French mathematician Charles Ehresmann who first formalized this concept) is a version of the notion of a connection, which makes sense on any smooth fiber bundle. In particular, it does not rely on the possible vector bundle structure of the underlying fiber bundle, but nevertheless, linear connections may be viewed as a special case. Another important special case of Ehresmann connections are principal connections on principal bundles, which are required to be equivariant in the principal Lie group action.

Ülo Lumiste
Ülo Lumiste (30 June 1929 Vändra – 20 November 2017) was an Estonian mathematician.

In 1952 he graduated from the University of Tartu in mathematics. In 1968 he defended his doctoral thesis at Kazan University. Since 1959 he taught at the University of Tartu.

Since 1993 he was a member of Estonian Academy of Sciences.

His main field of research was differential geometry. In 1960s he established the school of Estonian differential geometry.
The Ultimate Fighter: Team Edgar vs. Team Penn
The Ultimate Fighter: Team Edgar vs. Team Penn (also known as The Ultimate Fighter 19) is the nineteenth U.S.-based installment of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC)-produced reality television series The Ultimate Fighter.

The coaches and participating weight classes were officially announced by the UFC in September 2013.  Featured on this season was a mix of middleweight and light heavyweight competitors.

Light heavyweight (MMA)
The light heavyweight division in mixed martial arts contains different weight classes.

The UFC's light heavyweight ranges from 186 to 205 lb (84 to 93 kg).

The ONE Championship's light heavyweight division (also known as cruiserweight) has an upper limit of 102.1 kg (225.1 lb).

The Road FC's light heavyweight division places the upper limit at 205 lb (93 kg).

The Misfits MMA's light heavyweight division uses the boxing light heavyweight format. (175 Ib limit).

Light heavyweight is a weight class in mixed martial arts, which generally refers to competitors weighing from 186 to 205 lb (84 to 93 kg). It sits between the lighter middleweight division, and the heavyweight division. The light heavyweight limit, as defined by the Nevada State Athletic Commission and the Association of Boxing Commissions is 206 lb (93 kg).
The Grapes, Slingsby
The Grapes is a historic pub in Slingsby, North Yorkshire, a village in England.

The Grapes was first licensed as a brewhouse in 1759, while the current building dates from the late 18th century.  The interior is divided into several rooms, and has tiled floors, fireplaces, an assortment of furniture including a Robert Thompson chair, and decorative objects.  As of 2023, the pub served a variety of real ales, and food from a pizza oven in the beer garden.  The pub hosts a variety of music events, including a monthly session for local musicians.  The building was grade II listed in 1987.

The pub is built of limestone on a plinth, and has a swept pantile roof with gable coping and shaped kneelers. There are two storeys and three bays, and a single-storey range to the left. The doorway has a fanlight, and a hood on decorative consoles. The windows in the main range are sash window, in the left range is a tripartite window, and all the windows have wedge lintels.

Fanlight
A fanlight is a form of lunette window (transom window), often semicircular or semi-elliptical in shape, with glazing bars or tracery sets radiating out like an open fan. It is placed over another window or a doorway, and is sometimes hinged to a transom. The bars in the fixed glazed window spread out in the manner of a sunburst. It is also called a sunburst light. In federation housing it is also called a toplight or top light.
HMS Comus (1878)
HMS Comus was a corvette (reclassified in 1888 as a third-class cruiser) of the Royal Navy.  She was the name ship of her class.  Launched in April 1878, the vessel was built by Messrs. J. Elder & Co of Glasgow at a cost of £123,000.

Comus and her classmates were built during a period of naval transition.  Sail was giving way to steam, wooden hulls to metal, and smooth-bore muzzle-loading guns to naval rifles.  Comus shows this transition; she was driven by both sails and a reciprocating steam engine; her hull was iron and steel but sheathed with wood and copper; and some of her muzzleloading guns were replaced by rifled breechloaders.

Comus was active for about two decades, but in that time went to the ends of empire, from the British Isles to the Caribbean and Nova Scotia to southwest Africa in the western hemisphere, and in the eastern, from the southern Indian Ocean to the northwest Pacific, and from the China station to the Strait of Magellan.

Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company
The Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, Limited, was a Scottish shipbuilding company in the Govan area on the Clyde in Glasgow. Fairfields, as it is often known, was a major warship builder, turning out many vessels for the Royal Navy and other navies through the First World War and the Second World War. It also built many transatlantic liners, including record-breaking ships for the Cunard Line and Canadian Pacific, such as the Blue Riband-winning sisters RMS Campania and RMS Lucania. At the other end of the scale, Fairfields built fast cross-channel mail steamers and ferries for locations around the world. These included ships for the Bosporus crossing in Istanbul and some of the early ships used by Thomas Cook for developing tourism on the River Nile.
Charaxes grahamei
Charaxes grahamei is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Tanzania, where it inhabits the eastern shores of Lake Tanganyika. The habitat consists of lowland and sub-montane forests.

The larvae probably feed on Scutia species.

Southern Rift montane forest–grassland mosaic
The South Malawi montane forest-grassland mosaic is a montane grasslands and shrublands ecoregion of Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia.

The ecoregion encompasses several high mountains and plateaus north and east of Lake Malawi.
Charlestown Breachway State Beach
Charlestown Breachway State Beach is a seaside public recreation area on Block Island Sound in the town of Charlestown, Rhode Island. It is located on the east side of the manmade channel (the "Breachway") that connects Ninigret Pond with the Atlantic Ocean.

Block Island Sound
Block Island Sound is a marine sound in the open Atlantic Ocean, approximately 10 miles (16 km) wide, separating Block Island from the coast of mainland Rhode Island. On the west, it extends to Montauk Point on the eastern tip of Long Island, as well as Plum Island, Gardiners Island, and Fishers Island, all in the state of New York.

Geographically, Block Island Sound extends west to Long Island Sound, Napeague Bay, and Gardiners Bay and east to Rhode Island Sound. The Block Island Sound forms part of the Intracoastal Waterway.

Three United States Navy warships have been named after the sound.  See USS Block Island.
Anna Thompson (netball)
Anna Kennedy (born 18 June 1986 in Christchurch, New Zealand) is a New Zealand netball player. Kennedy plays in the ANZ Championship for the Canterbury Tactix. In 2009, she was named as a member of the Silver Ferns squad. She was included in the FastNet Ferns the following year, and was called back into the Silver Ferns for 2011 as cover for injured vice-captain Temepara George. She made the team for the 2011 Netball World Championships after Cathrine Latu was ruled ineligible.

She has been in and out of the Silver Ferns team, most recently she played in the first leg of the 2012 Netball Quad Series. She also made the team for the 2013 Fast5 Netball World Series, making her the only New Zealand player to contest all five World Netball Series tournaments.

She has re-signed with the Canterbury Tactix for the 2014 season, as their only remaining foundation player.

Her older brother Luke Thompson is a professional rugby union player who played 39 matches for Japan.

2013 Fast5 Netball World Series
The 2013 Fast5 Netball World Series was the 5th Fast5 Netball World Series. New Zealand hosted Australia, England, Jamaica, Malawi and South Africa in a series, played in November 2013, at Auckland's Vector Arena. With a team coached by Janine Southby and captained by Casey Kopua, New Zealand won the series for the fourth time after defeating Australia 56–27 in the final. Sky Sport (New Zealand) was the main broadcaster. The broadcast was hosted by Melodie Robinson, with a commentary panel that included Temepara Bailey and Geva Mentor.
École supérieure des affaires (Beirut)
École supérieure des affaires (ESA Business School) is a business school located in the district of Clemenceau, Beirut, for executives and managers from Lebanon and the Middle East. It holds accreditation from the Association of MBAs, and has obtained the Business Graduate Association (BGA) label. The school enrolls nearly 550 students annually, as along with 510 students in Executive Education programs.

ESA Business School is managed by the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Paris Ile-de-France Region and is a member of 24 schools.

Paris Île-de-France Regional Chamber of Commerce and Industry
The Paris Île-de-France Regional Chamber of Commerce and Industry (French: Chambre de commerce et d'industrie de région Paris - Île-de-France) is a French chamber of commerce that supports businesses in Paris and the Île-de-France, created on 1 January 2013 through a merger of several smaller chambers of commerce.
2008 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
The 2008 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship is the current championship of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship having commenced on 27 April 2008.  There are 12 teams in the championship, structured into 3 groups of four teams.  From these groups, quarter finals, and semi-finals will be played with a county final being played in either Walsh Park or Fraher Field.  Ballyduff Upper are the defending champions having beaten Ballygunner in 2007.

De La Salle won their first Waterford Senior Hurling Championship after an 11 to 8 points win against Abbeyside played in very bad condition at Fraher Field, Dungarvan.

Dungarvan
Dungarvan (Irish: Dún Garbhán, meaning 'Garbhann's fort') is a coastal town and harbour in County Waterford, on the south-east coast of Ireland. Prior to the merger of Waterford County Council with Waterford City Council in 2014, Dungarvan was the county town and administrative centre of County Waterford. Waterford City and County Council retains administrative offices in the town. The town is in a townland and civil parish of the same name.

Dungarvan's Irish name means 'Garbhann's fort', referring to Saint Garbhann who founded a church there in the seventh century. The town had a population of 10,081 at the 2022 census, making it the third most populous in the county.
Snoid
The Snoid, occasionally referred to as Mr. Snoid, is an American underground comix character created by Robert Crumb in the mid-1960s. A diminutive sex fiend and irritating presence, the Snoid often appears with other Crumb characters, particularly Angelfood McSpade, Mr. Natural, and Crumb's own self-caricature.

Chicago Seed (newspaper)
The Chicago Seed was an underground newspaper published biweekly in Chicago, Illinois, from May 1967 to 1974; there were 121 issues published in all. It was notable for its colorful psychedelic graphics and its eclectic, non-doctrinaire radical politics. Important events covered by Seed writers and artists were the trial of the Chicago Eight, Woodstock, and the murder of Fred Hampton. At its peak, the Seed circulated between 30,000 and 40,000 copies, with national distribution.
You're the One (Paul Simon album)
You're the One is the tenth solo studio album by the American singer-songwriter Paul Simon, released in 2000 by Warner Bros. Records. The album was nominated for a Grammy Award for Album of the Year in 2001, and Simon become the first artist to be nominated in that category in five consecutive decades (1960s–2000s). (In 2006, Paul McCartney became the only other artist to match this feat with Chaos and Creation in the Backyard.)

You're the One was also considered a comeback after the failure of Simon's Broadway musical, The Capeman, and concept album for the musical, Songs from The Capeman, which peaked at No. 42 on the Billboard 200.

The Capeman
The Capeman is a musical play with music by Paul Simon and book and lyrics by Simon and Derek Walcott based on the life of convicted murderer Salvador Agrón. The play opened  at the Marquis Theatre in 1998 to poor reviews and ran for 68 performances.
A blend of doo-wop, gospel, and Latin music, it received Tony Award nominations for Best Original Score, Best Orchestrations and Best Scenic Design.  Renoly Santiago received a Drama Desk nomination for Outstanding Featured Performer in a Musical.  Ednita Nazario won the Theater World Award for her performance.

In 2008, Simon and the Spanish Harlem Orchestra performed The Capeman at the Brooklyn Academy of Music with some of the original cast and other well-known artists. Simon also devoted a section of his two-night performances at the Beacon Theatre to The Capeman. The NY Public Theater presented a concert production of the musical in the Summer of 2010 at Central Park's Delacorte Theater, directed by Diane Paulus.
WFGY
WFGY (98.1 MHz, "Froggy 98.1") is a commercial FM radio station licensed to serve Altoona, Pennsylvania. The station is owned by Seven Mountains Media, through licensee Southern Belle Media Family, LLC, and broadcasts a Froggy-branded country music radio format.

WFGY is the flagship station of the Froggy Radio network of stations in the region, which also includes WFGI-FM (Froggy 95.5 on 95.5 MHz), licensed to serve Johnstown, Pennsylvania, and WFGE (Big Froggy 101.1 on 101.1 MHz), licensed to serve State College, Pennsylvania.

WFGY is a grandfathered "superpower" station. While the station’s effective radiated power (ERP) is within the maximum limit allowed for a Class B FM station, its antenna height above average terrain (HAAT) is too high for its ERP according to current FCC rules.

Grandfather clause
A grandfather clause, also known as grandfather policy, grandfathering, or being grandfathered in, is a provision in which an old rule continues to apply to some existing situations while a new rule will apply to all future cases. Those exempt from the new rule are said to have grandfather rights or acquired rights, or to have been grandfathered in. Frequently, the exemption is limited, as it may extend for a set time, or it may be lost under certain circumstances; for example, a grandfathered power plant might be exempt from new, more restrictive pollution laws, but the exception may be revoked and the new rules would apply if the plant were expanded. Often, such a provision is used as a compromise or out of practicality, to allow new rules to be enacted without upsetting a well-established logistical or political situation. This extends the idea of a rule not being retroactively applied.

A gender-neutral version of the term would be a legacy clause or legacied.