hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Juliana Obiong
Juliana Nsang Obiang (born 23 May 1966) is an Equatorial Guinean sprinter. She competed in the women's 100 metres at the 1996 Summer Olympics. She was the first woman to represent Equatorial Guinea at the Olympics.

Athletics at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metres
The women's 100 metres was an event at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There were a total number of 56 participating athletes, with two rounds (seven heats in round 1, four heats at round 2), two semifinals and a final. Although both Gail Devers of the United States and Merlene Ottey of Jamaica had clocked the same time in the final at the finish line at 10.94 seconds, snapshot of their photo finish confirmed that Devers had edged Ottey out for the gold medal.
Colin Franklin (engineer)
Colin Athol Franklin, CM, FRSC is an engineer and a leading pioneer in Canada's space programme. He played a leading role in the design, construction and application of Canada's first satellite, the Alouette. His extensive work and contribution to Canadian research and industrial development activities in space-related research and manufacturing, have been a significant influence in establishing Canada as a world leader in these fields.

Space
Space is a three-dimensional continuum containing positions and directions. In classical physics, physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions. Modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of a boundless four-dimensional continuum known as spacetime. The concept of space is considered to be of fundamental importance to an understanding of the physical universe. However, disagreement continues between philosophers over whether it is itself an entity, a relationship between entities, or part of a conceptual framework.

In the 19th and 20th centuries mathematicians began to examine geometries that are non-Euclidean, in which space is conceived as curved, rather than flat, as in the Euclidean space. According to Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, space around gravitational fields deviates from Euclidean space. Experimental tests of general relativity have confirmed that non-Euclidean geometries provide a better model for the shape of space.
Talut
Talut (Arabic: طالوت, romanized: Ṭālūt) is a divinely appointed king mentioned in the Quran traditionally identified with the Israelite king Saul, as he is stated to be the Malik (مَلِك, 'king') of Israelites.

Goliath
Goliath (/ɡə.ˈlaɪ.əθ/ gə-LY-əth) is a Philistine warrior of giant stature who plays a pivotal role in the origin of King David in the Book of Samuel. According to 1 Samuel, Goliath challenges the Israelites to best him in single combat. David, then a young shepherd, takes up the challenge and kills Goliath with a stone slung from a sling. The narrative signifies King Saul's unfitness to rule for not taking up the giant's challenge himself.

The phrase "David and Goliath" has taken on a more popular meaning denoting an underdog situation, a contest wherein a smaller, weaker opponent faces a much bigger, stronger adversary. Some modern scholars now believe that the original slayer of Goliath in the text may have been Elhanan, son of Jair, who features in 2 Samuel 21:19, in which Elhanan kills Goliath the Gittite, and that the authors of the Deuteronomistic history changed the original text to credit the victory to the more famous figure of David.
Fry's Planet Word
Fry's Planet Word is a documentary series about language. Written and presented by Stephen Fry, five hour-long episodes were first broadcast in September and October 2011 on BBC Two and BBC HD. The series was produced and directed by John-Paul Davidson who worked with Fry on two other documentaries: Stephen Fry In America (2008) and Last Chance to See (2009). There is a book to accompany the series published by Michael Joseph, an imprint of Penguin Group.

David Tang
Sir David Wing-cheung Tang, KBE (Chinese: 鄧永鏘; pinyin: Dèng Yǒngqiāng; Sidney Lau: Dang6Wing5Cheung1; 2 August 1954 – 29 August 2017), was a Hong Kong businessman, philanthropist and socialite. He was best known for founding the Shanghai Tang fashion chain in 1994, which he sold in 1998 to Richemont.
Shabana Khan
Shabana Khan (born 24 June 1968) is an American female former professional squash player.  She reached a career-high world ranking of 23 in January 2000. She was American champion in 2001. She comes from a squash family: her father is a cousin of squash legend Jahangir Khan and her sister Latasha Khan is also a former professional squash player.

Women's Squash World Rankings
The Women's Squash World Rankings are the official world rankings for women's squash. The WISPA, the WSA and the PSA has used a computerized system for determining the rankings since April 1984. The ranking is to rate the performance level of female professional squash players. It is also a merit-based method used for determining entry and seeding in women's squash tournaments. The rankings were initially produced monthly; this has been changed to weekly basis effective ranking issue dated August 29, 2022.

The current world number one is Nouran Gohar of Egypt, who replaced Nour El Sherbini in September 2023, and then Hania El Hammamy in November 2025.
La Paloma, Texas
La Paloma (Spanish: The Dove) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,903 at the 2010 census, up from 354 at the 2000 census, when it was drawn to cover a much smaller area. By the 2020 census, the population further increased to 3,218. It is part of the Brownsville–Harlingen Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Harlingen, Texas
Harlingen (/ˈhɑːrlɪndʒɪn/ HAR-lin-jin) is a city in Cameron County in the central region of the Rio Grande Valley of the southern part of the U.S. state of Texas, about 30 miles (48 km) from the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. The city covers more than 40 square miles (104 km2) and is the second-largest city in Cameron County, as well as the sixth-largest in the Rio Grande Valley. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 71,892.

Harlingen is a principal city of the Brownsville–Harlingen metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Brownsville–Harlingen–Raymondville combined statistical area, included in the Matamoros–Brownsville metropolitan region.
Lala Achint Ram
Lala Achint Ram (19 August 1898 – 1961) was an Indian freedom fighter, Gandhian and a member of the Indian National Congress party.

He was one of the first three members of Servants of the People Society, established by Lala Lajpat Rai in Lahore in 1921. During the Indian independence movement, he was imprisoned for extended periods, including 1930–32, 1939, 1940 and 1942–45 for his participation in the Quit India Movement. Post-partition, he shifted to Delhi, and also remained a member of the Constituent Assembly of India. He won his 1st Lok Sabha elections from the Hissar (Lok Sabha constituency) in Punjab in 1952 and the second time in 1957 from Patiala (Lok Sabha constituency). Through the 1950s, along with his wife, he was active in Bhoodan movement of Vinoba Bhave.

Hisar Lok Sabha constituency
Hisar Lok Sabha constituency (formerly Hissar) is one of the 10 Lok Sabha (parliamentary)  constituencies in Haryana state in Northern India. This constituency covers the entire Hisar district and parts of Jind and Bhiwani districts.
Sun Ferry
Sun Ferry Services Company Limited, more widely known as Sun Ferry (Chinese: 新渡輪) and formerly New World First Ferry Services Limited (in short New World First Ferry, First Ferry or NWFF), is a ferry service company in Hong Kong. The company was established in November 1999, when it took over the eight licensed ferry routes transferred from Hongkong and Yaumati Ferry in January 2000.

Tsim Sha Tsui
Tsim Sha Tsui (Chinese: 尖沙咀), often abbreviated as TST, is an area in southern Kowloon, Hong Kong. The area is administratively part of the Yau Tsim Mong District. Tsim Sha Tsui East is a piece of land reclaimed from the Hung Hom Bay now east of Tsim Sha Tsui. The area is bounded north by Austin Road and in the east by Hong Chong Road and Cheong Wan Road.

Geographically, Tsim Sha Tsui is a cape on the tip of the Kowloon Peninsula pointing towards Victoria Harbour, opposite Central. Several villages had been established in this location before Kowloon was ceded to the British Empire in 1860. The name Tsim Sha Tsui in Cantonese means sharp sandspit. It was also known as Heung Po Tau (香埗頭), i.e. a port for exporting incense tree.

Tsim Sha Tsui is a major tourist hub in Hong Kong, with many high-end shops, bars, pubs and restaurants that cater to tourists. Many of Hong Kong's museums are located in the area.
Aïssata Lam
Aïssata Lam (born in October 1986) is a Mauritanian Development Professional .

She is the cofounder and president of the Youth Chamber of Commerce of Mauritania (JCCM) and has a background in microfinance and agricultural finance. She works in climate finance and is very involved in youth and women empowerment on the African continent, specially in Mauritania.

She was appointed in 2019 by Emmanuel Macron to the G7 council on gender equality.

In 2019, she was listed among the BBC's 100 Women. and has been awarded the “Chevalier de l’Ordre National du Mérite” in 2020 by the Mauritanian Government.

Demographics of Mauritania
Demographic features of the population of Mauritania (Arabic: التركيبة السكانية في موريتانيا) include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects.
Smoke Stack (album)
Smoke Stack is a studio album by American jazz pianist Andrew Hill, recorded in 1963 and released in 1966 on Blue Note Records. It was his second recording as leader on the label. "Ode to Von" is dedicated to saxophonist Von Freeman, whilst "Verne" is dedicated to Hill's first wife, Laverne Gillette. 30 Pier Ave. is the address of The Lighthouse, a jazz club in Hermosa Beach, CA. The album is notable for the participation of acoustic bassists Richard Davis and Eddie Khan, who play simultaneously throughout. Drummer Roy Haynes returns from Hill’s previous sessions.

Andrew Hill (pianist)
Andrew Hill (June 30, 1931 – April 20, 2007) was an American jazz pianist and composer.

Jazz critic John Fordham described Hill as a "uniquely gifted composer, pianist and educator" although "his status remained largely inside knowledge in the jazz world for most of his career."

Hill recorded for Blue Note Records for nearly a decade, producing a dozen albums.
HM Prison Stirling
HM Prison and Young Offender Institution Stirling is a prison facility in Stirling, Scotland, intended to replace HMP Cornton Vale. Opened in 2023, it is Scotland's primary facility for incarcerated women and is designed to offer improved treatment for women in custody, and is notable in not utilising traditional penal designs such as bars on windows and cell doors, taking influence from trauma-informed care.

In May 2025, the prison was named as one of the winners of the annual Royal Incorporation of Architects in Scotland (RIAS) awards, and thereby longlisted for the RIAS Best Building in Scotland Award. The judges described it as "a model of how public buildings can be both operationally robust and deeply humane".

RIAS Doolan Award
The RIAS Andrew Doolan Best Building in Scotland Award is an annual architecture prize in Scotland. Organised by the Royal Incorporation of Architects in Scotland (RIAS), it was named in memory of the awards founder and patron, Andrew Doolan. Established in 2002, the Doolan Award  celebrates the best building in Scotland with eligibility including all types of architectural projects across the country. The architects of the winning building receive the RIAS' Gold Medal. This also included a cash prize through support from the Doolan family and the Scottish Government, with initial winnings of £25,000 making it the ‘richest’ architectural award in the UK. However, as of 2024, the award no longer offers prize money to winners.
Diana Koleva
Diana Khristova Koleva-Tsvetanova (née Koleva, Bulgarian: Диана Колева; born 24 October 1959) is a  Bulgarian former badminton player. She competed in three consecutive Summer Olympics in 1992 Barcelona, 1996 Atlanta, and 2000 Sydney. Koleva won sixteen times the National Championships title from 1985 to 2003. She also won the women's singles title at the 1988/89 season of European Circuit.

European Badminton Circuit
The European Badminton Circuit is a series of international badminton tournaments in Europe, sanctioned by Badminton World Federation (BWF). The circuit consists of BWF International Challenge, BWF International Series and BWF Future Series tournaments held in Europe. The circuit usually starts in September and ends in April.
Kazutoshi Sasayama
Kazutoshi Sasayama (笹山 幸俊, Sasayama Kazutoshi) is a Japanese politician who served as mayor of Kobe, the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. He served as the mayor of the city from 1989 until 2001. He was also the mayor when the Great Hanshin earthquake struck Kobe in 1995.

Kobe earthquake
The Kobe earthquake, also known as the Great Hanshin Earthquake (Japanese: 阪神淡路大震災, Hepburn: Hanshin-Awaji daishinsai), occurred on January 17, 1995, at 05:46:53 JST in the southern part of Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan, including the region of Hanshin. It measured 6.9 on the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum intensity of 7 on the JMA Seismic Intensity Scale (XI–XII on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale). The tremors lasted for approximately 20 seconds. The focus of the earthquake was located 17 km beneath its epicenter, on the northern end of Awaji Island, 20 km away from the center of the city of Kobe.

At least 5,000 people died, about 4,600 of them from Kobe. Kobe, with its population of 1.5 million, was the closest major city to the epicenter and hit by the strongest tremors. It was Japan's second deadliest earthquake in the 20th century after the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake, in which more than 105,000 people died.
Kobonga umbrimargo
Kobonga umbrimargo is a species or species complex of cicadas, also known as orange clickers, in the true cicada family, Cicadettinae subfamily and Cicadettini tribe. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1858 by English entomologist Francis Walker.

Cicadidae
Cicadidae, the true cicadas, is one of two families of cicadas, with about 3,400 species in over 520 genera worldwide; it contains most living cicada species, except for the two belonging to its sister taxon, the Tettigarctidae.  The classification of this family, of often very similar insects, has undergone many revisions, continuing into the 21st century; for example, many species previously assigned to the type genus Cicada, are now placed in different tribes.
Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd
Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd (Welsh for 'Edward Llwyd Society') is a Welsh natural history organisation whose name commemorates the great Welsh natural historian, geographer and linguist Edward Llwyd (1660–1709).

The Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd organises regular country walks throughout Wales in sites of interest of the Welsh environment, including SSSIs and post-industrial landscapes. These are Welsh-language walking groups, although learners are just as welcome.

They also organise a variety of nature and environmental activities, including lectures, publications and conservation work. They have worked on collecting and documenting the names of natural species.

in 2010 society held a conference on Welsh toponymy, at which it was agreed to form the Welsh Place-Name Society.

Welsh toponymy
Welsh toponymy, the study of the place-names of Wales, is derived in most cases from the Welsh language, but have also been influenced by linguistic contact with the Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, Anglo-Normans and modern English. Toponymy in Wales reveals significant features of the country's history and geography, as well as the development of the Welsh language. Its study is promoted by the Welsh Place-Name Society (Cymdeithas Enwau Lleoedd Cymru).
American Board of Ophthalmology
The American Board of Ophthalmology (ABO) is an independent, non-profit organization responsible for certifying ophthalmologists (eye physicians and surgeons) in the United States of America. Founded in 1916, the ABO was the first American Board established to certify medical specialists.

The ABO is the founding member of the American Board of Medical Specialties.  Originally, a combined board of Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology, the specialties split into two board backed specialties in the 1960s.

Certification by the American Board of Ophthalmology is a voluntary process that involves a written and an oral examination. A candidate who passes both the written qualifying and oral examinations becomes a Board Certified Diplomate of the American Board of Ophthalmology.

Otorhinolaryngology
Otorhinolaryngology (/oʊtoʊˌraɪnoʊˌlærɪnˈɡɒlədʒi/ oh-toh-RY-noh-LARR-in-GOL-ə-jee, abbreviated ORL and also known as otolaryngology, otolaryngology – head and neck surgery (ORL–H&N or OHNS), or ear, nose, and throat (ENT) ) is a surgical subspecialty within medicine that deals with the surgical and medical management of conditions of the head and neck. Doctors who specialize in this area are called otorhinolaryngologists, otolaryngologists, head and neck surgeons, or ENT surgeons or physicians.

Patients seek treatment from an otorhinolaryngologist for diseases of the ear, nose, throat, base of the skull, head, and neck. These commonly include functional diseases that affect the senses and activities of eating, drinking, speaking, breathing, swallowing, and hearing. In addition, ENT surgery encompasses the surgical management of cancers and benign tumors and reconstruction of the head and neck as well as plastic surgery of the face, scalp, and neck.
Malsch
Malsch (German pronunciation: [malʃ]) is a municipality in the district of Karlsruhe, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated 15 km south of Karlsruhe, and 10 km east of Rastatt, at the eastern border of the Upper Rhine Plain.

Beside the main town, it consists of the incorporated villages Sulzbach, Waldprechtsweier and Völkersbach, the latter located higher in the Black Forest.

Rastatt
Rastatt (German pronunciation: [ˈʁaʃtat] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Rastatt, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located in the Upper Rhine Plain, on the Murg River, 6 km (3.7 mi) above its junction with the Rhine. It has a Baroque core and a population of around 51,000 (2022). Rastatt was an important place during the War of the Spanish Succession (Treaty of Rastatt) and the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states.
Hash mark (sports)
In sports, a hash mark or hash line is a short line/bar marking that is painted perpendicular to the sidelines or side barricades, used to help referees and players recognize on-field locations and visually measure distances.  Hash marks serve the same function as the graduated markings on measuring tools such as rulers.

Ruler
A ruler is an instrument used to make length measurements, whereby a length is read from a series of markings called "rules" along an edge of the device. Alternatively, it is called a rule, scale, line gauge, or metre/meter stick. Usually, the instrument is rigid and the edge itself is a straightedge ("ruled straightedge"), which additionally allows one to draw straighter lines. Rulers are an important tool  in geometry, geography and mathematics. They have been used since at least 2650 BC.
Chriodorus
Chriodorus atherinoides (hardhead halfbeak) is a species of halfbeak found in coastal waters of the western Atlantic Ocean from southern United States to Mexico including Cuba and the Bahamas. This species is euryhaline and frequently migrates up rivers. It is of no commercial value. Unlike most other halfbeaks, the upper and lower jaws are of a similar size.

Euryhaline
Euryhaline organisms are able to adapt to a wide range of salinities. An example of a euryhaline fish is the short-finned molly, Poecilia sphenops, which can live in fresh water, brackish water, or salt water.

The green crab (Carcinus maenas) is an example of a euryhaline invertebrate that can live in salt and brackish water. Euryhaline organisms are commonly found in habitats such as estuaries and tide pools where the salinity changes regularly. However, some organisms are euryhaline because their life cycle involves migration between freshwater and marine environments, as is the case with salmon and eels.

The opposite of euryhaline organisms are stenohaline ones, which can only survive within a narrow range of salinities. Most freshwater organisms are stenohaline, and will die in seawater, and similarly most marine organisms are stenohaline, and cannot live in fresh water.
Oregon Route 18
Oregon Route 18 is a state highway that runs between the Oregon Coast, near Lincoln City, and Newberg.  OR 18 traverses the Salmon River Highway No. 39 of the Oregon state highway system, named after the river alongside its westernmost segments.

Grand Ronde, Oregon
Grand Ronde is a census-designated place (CDP) and unincorporated community in Polk and Yamhill counties, Oregon, United States. Historically noted as a village in Polk County, the sphere of influence and community is in both Polk and Yamhill counties. The name of the community is a variation of the French Grande Ronde or "Grand Round" which could be about the large round-up of Native American peoples in the area who were settled on what was known as the Grand Ronde Indian Reservation, or possibly referencing the shape of the valley in which the community is located. As of the 2020 census, Grand Ronde had a population of 2,010. It is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Continental fragment
Continental crustal fragments, partly synonymous with microcontinents, are pieces of continents that have broken off from main continental masses to form distinct islands that are often several hundred kilometers from their place of origin.

Sumba
Sumba (Petjo: Soemba-eiland; Indonesian: pulau Sumba), natively also spelt as Humba, Hubba, Suba, or Zuba (in Sumba languages) is an Indonesian island (part of the Lesser Sunda Archipelago group) located in the Eastern Indonesia and administratively part of the East Nusa Tenggara provincial territory. Sumba has an area of 11,243.78 square kilometres (4,341.25 square miles), about the same size as Jamaica or the island of Hawaii. The population was 686,113 at the 2010 Census and 779,049 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2024 was 853,428 (comprising 436,845 males and 416,583 females). To the northwest of Sumba is Sumbawa, to the northeast, across the Sumba Strait (Selat Sumba), is Flores, to the east, across the Savu Sea (including Savu Island), is Timor, and to the south, across part of the Indian Ocean, is Australia.
Feron parmula
Feron parmula, also known as the disc gall wasp, is a species of oak gall wasp in the genus Feron. It induces galls in a wide selection of oak species, especially white oaks, and including hybrids. The galls are disc-shaped, up to 3 mm in diameter, and pale with red streaking. Adult females emerge in April. The galls induced by F. parmula superficially resemble the galls of Feron gigas, Andricus viscidus, and newly identified species called the "plate gall wasp" and the "orange-cap gall wasp" by Ronald Russo. Galls induced by this wasp have been documented in Oregon and California on the Pacific coast of North America.

Ronald A. Russo
Ronald A. Russo (born 1941) is an American naturalist who has developed specialties in the biology of leopard sharks, and in plant galls of the western North America, especially the galls of western oak species. He has been a frequent contributor to California Fish and Wildlife Journal.

He has been called a "gall guru." His interest in plant galls was initially triggered by urchin galls, first seen when he worked as a full-time park naturalist in the East Bay region of California. Per Russo, California oak trees are galled by over 200 species of cynipid wasp, as well as other insects, fungi, etc.