hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spatial citizenship
Spatial citizenship describes the ability of individuals and groups to interact and participate in societal spatial decision making through the reflexive production and use of geo-media (geographic media such as maps, virtual globes, GIS, and the Geoweb). Spatial citizens are lay users who are able to use geo-media to question existing perspectives on action in space (e.g. social rules, spatial planning) and to produce, communicate, and negotiate alternative spatial visions.

Spatial citizenship is an educational approach at the intersection of citizenship education and geography education. Its main theoretical reference points are emancipatory forms of citizenship and the "reflexive appropriation of space".

Map
A map is a symbolic depiction of interrelationships, commonly spatial, between things within a space. A map may be annotated with text and graphics. Like any graphic, a map may be fixed to paper or other durable media, or may be displayed on a transitory medium such as a computer screen. Some maps change interactively. Although maps are commonly used to depict geographic elements, they may represent any space, real or fictional. The subject being mapped may be two-dimensional such as Earth's surface, three-dimensional such as Earth's interior, or from an abstract space of any dimension.

Maps of geographic territory have a very long tradition and have existed from ancient times. The word "map" comes from the medieval Latin: Mappa mundi, wherein mappa meant 'napkin' or 'cloth' and mundi 'of the world'. Thus, "map" became a shortened term referring to a flat representation of Earth's surface.
A Study on Self Worth: Yxng Dxnzl
A Study on Self Worth: Yxng Denzel (commonly shortened to Yxng Denzel or Yung Denzel) is the fourth studio album by Nigerian rapper M.I Abaga. It was released on August 24, 2018, by Chocolate City. The album features guest appearances from Tay Iwar, Cina Soul, Lorraine Chia, Odunsi the Engine, Lady Donli, Niyola and PatricKxxLee. Its production was handled by M.I, Tay Iwar, Chopstix, Major Bangz, TMXO, Doz, G Clef, Chillz, GMK and PatricKxxLee. Yung Denzel explores themes of self-introspection, self-doubt and reassurance; it also addresses topics such as depression, mental health, disloyalty and cultural repression. The album received positive reviews from music critics and was nominated for Best Rap Album at The Headies 2019.

M.I Abaga
Jude Lemfani Abaga (born 4 October 1981), known professionally as M.I Abaga or M.I, is a Nigerian rapper, songwriter, record producer, and entrepreneur. He gained recognition after releasing the 2006 single "Crowd Mentality", which appeared on his debut studio album Talk About It (2008).

Since then, he has released the albums MI 2: The Movie (2010), The Chairman (2014), and The Guy (2022). He was the CEO of Chocolate City from 2015 to 2019 before leaving in 2020 to establish his own label, Incredible Music. He is known for revolutionizing Nigerian hip hop on the continent, including how rap cyhers in Africa are made. According to Okay Africa, M.I is one of the greatest African rappers of all time. His awards include Best Hip-Hop Act at the MTV Africa Music Awards in 2009, and a nomination for the BET Awards in 2010.
Akatarawa Forest
Akatarawa Forest is a regional park in the Upper Hutt within the Wellington Region at the southern tip of the North Island of New Zealand. It encompasses 15,000 hectares of native and plantation forest. It includes the headwaters of the Maungakotukutuku Steam, Akatarawa River West and the Whakatīkei River.

The park is owned and managed by Greater Wellington Regional Council, making it one of the largest landowners in New Zealand.

Akatarawa is a Māori name meaning 'Trailing vines'.

Activities include cycling, hunting, fishing, horse riding, 4WD-vehicle trips and trail biking, including at the Karapoti Gorge.

Wellington Region
Greater Wellington, also known as the Wellington Region (Māori: Te Upoko o te Ika), is the southernmost region of the North Island of New Zealand. The local government region covers an area of 8,049 square kilometres (3,108 sq mi), and has a population of 543,400 (June 2025).

The region takes its name from Wellington, New Zealand's capital city and the region's seat. The Wellington urban area, including the cities of Wellington, Porirua, Lower Hutt, and Upper Hutt, accounts for 79 percent of the region's population; other major urban areas include the  Kapiti conurbation (Waikanae, Paraparaumu, Raumati Beach, Raumati South, and Paekākāriki) and the town of Masterton.
1977 Metro Manila Film Festival
The 1977 Metro Manila Film Festival is the third festival in the series. Previously known as the Metropolitan Film Festival and Filipino Film Festival, it was changed to Metro Manila Film Festival. A total of nine movies directed by Philippines' filmmakers participated in the 1977 Metro Manila Film Festival.

In this year, only two films were awarded. Ian Film Productions' Burlesk Queen, the top grosser of the 10-day festival, romped away with most of the awards. It won seven major awards including the Best Film, Best Actress for Vilma Santos, Best Actor for Rolly Quizon, and more. Pera Films' Mga Bilanggong Birhen won two awards: Best Cinematography for Romy Vitug and Best Art Direction for Laida Lim-Perez.

Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Cinematography
The Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Cinematography is an award presented annually by the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA). It was first awarded at the 1st Metro Manila Film Festival ceremony, held in 1975; Nonong Rasca received the award for his cinematography in Kapitan Kulas and it is given to a cinematographer for work in one particular motion picture. Currently, nominees and winners are determined by Executive Committees, headed by the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority Chairman and key members of the film industry.
Out of All This Blue
Out of All This Blue is the twelfth studio album by the Waterboys, released by BMG in 2017 and produced by Mike Scott. The album reached No. 8 on the UK Albums Chart and No. 3 on the UK Independent Albums Chart.

In a press release for the album, Scott commented: "Out Of All This Blue is 2/3 love and romance, 1/3 stories and observations. I knew from the beginning I wanted to make a double album, and lucky for me – and I hope the listener – the songs just kept coming, and in pop colours."

"If The Answer Is Yeah" was released as the album's first single in July 2017. A music video was filmed for the track, directed by Yoni Weisberg and starring Clive Russell and Sharon Elder. Videos were also made for "Payo Payo Chin" and "Mister Charisma".

Mike Scott (Scottish musician)
Michael Scott (born 14 December 1958) is a Scottish singer, songwriter, and musician. He is the founding member, lead singer, guitarist, songwriter and only constant member of rock band The Waterboys. He has also produced two solo albums, Bring 'Em All In and Still Burning. Scott is a vocalist, guitarist and pianist, and has played a large range of other instruments, including the bouzouki, drums, and Hammond organ on his albums. Scott is also a published writer, having released his autobiography, Adventures of a Waterboy, in 2012.

Having begun a musical career in the 1970s, Scott has been making music professionally since the 1980s and is well known for his radical changes in music genres throughout what he refers to as his "allegedly unorthodox" career. Scott lives in Dublin, Ireland.
WIOU (TV series)
WIOU is an American drama television series, which aired on CBS from October 24, 1990, until March 20, 1991. The show is set in the news department of a fictional  television station whose actual callsign is WNDY, but which is nicknamed WIOU by its staff because of the station's perennial financial struggles.

According to television researchers Tim Brooks and Earle Marsh, 14 episodes were produced but only 13 aired.

Dick Van Patten
Richard Vincent Van Patten (December 9, 1928 – June 23, 2015) was an American actor, comedian, businessman, and animal welfare advocate whose career spanned seven decades of television. He was best known for his role as patriarch Tom Bradford on the television series Eight Is Enough.

Van Patten began work as a child actor and was successful on the New York stage, appearing in more than a dozen plays as a teenager. He worked in radio, on Duffy's Tavern. He later starred in numerous television roles including the long-running CBS television series Mama and Young Doctor Malone. Later, he would star or co-star in many feature films, including Charly, Mel Brooks's Robin Hood: Men in Tights and Spaceballs, and Soylent Green. Van Patten was the founder of Natural Balance Pet Foods and National Guide Dog Month.
Market for corporate control
The market for corporate control is the role of equity markets in facilitating corporate takeovers. This was first described in an article by HG Manne, "Mergers and the Market for Corporate Control". According to Manne:

The lower the stock price, relative to what it could be with more efficient management, the more attractive the take-over becomes to those who believe that they can manage the company more efficiently. And the potential return from the successful takeover and revitalization of a poorly run company can be enormous.

In this way the market for corporate control could magnify the efficacy of corporate governance rules, and facilitate greater accountability of directors to their investors.

Share capital
A corporation's share capital, commonly referred to as capital stock in the United States, is the portion of a corporation's equity that has been derived by the issue of shares in the corporation to a shareholder, usually for cash.
McGreevey (surname)
McGreevey is an Irish surname originating in Clare Ireland. Notable people with the surname include:

Dina Matos McGreevey, Jim McGreevey's ex-wife

Jim McGreevey (born 1957), 52nd Governor of New Jersey

John McGreevey (1922−2010), American screenwriter

Michael McGreevey (born 1948), American actor and screenwriter

William McGreevey (born 1938), American economist

Michael McGreevey
Michael McGreevey (born February 7, 1948) is an American actor and screenwriter. As a child and young adult, he appeared in numerous Disney productions, including the Dexter Riley comedies, and in films such as The Way West (1967). He later transitioned into television writing, contributing to series including The Waltons, Quincy, M.E., and Fame, where he also served as script editor and creative consultant. In 1984 he received a Daytime Emmy nomination for co-writing an ABC Afterschool Special, and in 2015 he co-wrote the documentary Earl Hamner Storyteller. He is the son of Emmy Award-winning screenwriter John McGreevey.
Alexander Mokshantsev (ice hockey, born 1995)
Aleksander Aleksandrovich Mokshantsev (Мокшанцев Александр Александрович; born February 17, 1995) is a Russian ice hockey player for Polska Hokej Liga side STS Sanok. He most recently iced for Yuzhny Ural Orsk. He was previously with Nottingham Panthers of the Elite Ice Hockey League (EIHL) and Ligue Magnus side Rapaces de Gap.

Mokshantsev made his Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) debut playing with Lokomotiv Yaroslavl during the 2013–14 KHL season.

In June 2017, Mokshantsev moved to the UK to sign for the Nottingham Panthers of the Elite League. He has since iced with Rapaces de Gap, Dizel Penza, HC Shakhtyor Soligorsk and Yuzhny Ural Orsk.

Ligue Magnus
The Ligue Magnus, currently known as Synerglace Ligue Magnus for sponsorship reasons, is the top men's division of the French ice hockey pyramid, established in 1906. The league operated under a variety of names before taking that of its championship trophy, the Magnus Cup, in 2004. The trophy was in turn named for Frenchman and IIHF founder Louis Magnus.

Teams from the Ligue Magnus can participate in the IIHF's annual Champions Hockey League (CHL), competing for the European Trophy. Participation is based on the strength of the various leagues in Europe (excluding the Eurasian Kontinental Hockey League). Going into the 2022–23 CHL season, the Ligue Magnus was ranked the No. 9 league in Europe, allowing them to send their top team to compete in the CHL.
Scott Rechler
Scott Rechler (born November 4, 1967) is an American businessman. He is CEO and chairman of RXR Realty, making him one of the most prominent landlords in New York City. Previously, Rechler was the vice chairman of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, chairman of the Regional Plan Association, and a member of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority board.

SL Green Realty
SL Green Realty Corp. is a real estate investment trust that primarily invests in office buildings and shopping centers in New York City. As of December 31, 2024, the company owned interests in 39 properties comprising 25,297,353 square feet, primarily in Manhattan. It has been referred to as "New York City’s largest office landlord".

Notable properties owned by the company are One Astor Plaza, One Vanderbilt, 461 Fifth Avenue, 810 Seventh Avenue, 919 Third Avenue, the Pershing Square Building, and Random House Tower.
Swimming at the 2011 Pan American Games – Men's 200 metre freestyle
The men's 200 metre freestyle competition of the swimming events at the 2011 Pan American Games took place on October 18 at the Scotiabank Aquatics Center in the municipality of Zapopan, near Guadalajara, Mexico.  The defending Pan American Games champion was Matthew Owen of the United States

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all in freestyle.

At this race, Benjamin Hockin gave Paraguay its first medal in the history of swimming at the Pan American Games.

Swimming at the 2007 Pan American Games – Men's 200 metre freestyle
The Men's 200m Freestyle at the 2007 Pan American Games occurred at the Maria Lenk Aquatic Park in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with the final being swum on July 20.

At this race, Shaune Fraser won the first medal of his country in swimming at Pan American Games at all times.
WCWA Star Wars (1989)
World Class Wrestling Association (WCWA), based out of Dallas, Texas held a number of major professional wrestling supercard shows under the name Wrestling Star Wars between 1981 and 1989, with two of these being held in 1989. WCWA held two "Wrestling Star Wars" events, one in January and one in March, the final "Wrestling Star Wars" shows of the series. On August 4, 1989, WCWA merged with Continental Wrestling Association (CWA) to become the United States Wrestling Alliance (USWA), which did not continue the Star Wars series.

Eric Embry
Douglas Eric Embry (born July 10, 1959) is an American retired professional wrestler. He is best known for his appearances with Championship Wrestling from Florida, World Class Championship Wrestling, and the United States Wrestling Association.
Ambrose Aungier, 2nd Earl of Longford
Ambrose Aungier, 2nd Earl of Longford (c.1649 – 23 January 1704/05) was an Anglo-Irish politician and peer.

Aungier was the third son of Ambrose Aungier (1596-1654) and Grizzell Bulkeley (died 1663), daughter of Lancelot Bulkeley. Between 1697 and 1699 he was the Member of Parliament for Longford Borough in the Irish House of Commons. The Earldom was entailed: the second brother, Gerald Aungier of Bombay (1640-1677), having died long before, on 23 December 1700 Ambrose succeeded his brother, Francis Aungier as Earl of Longford and assumed his seat in the Irish House of Lords. In 1702 he was made a member of the Privy Council of Ireland. Upon his death without issue in 1705, his title became extinct.

Irish House of Commons
The Irish House of Commons (Irish: Teach na gComóntach, Teach na dTeachtaí) was the lower house of the Parliament of Ireland that existed from 1297 until the end of 1800. The upper house was the House of Lords. The membership of the House of Commons was directly elected, but on a highly restrictive franchise, similar to the unreformed House of Commons in contemporary Great Britain. Catholics were disqualified from sitting in the Irish parliament from 1691, even though they comprised the vast majority of the Irish population.

The Irish executive, known as the Dublin Castle administration, under the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, was not answerable to the House of Commons but to the British government. However, the Chief Secretary for Ireland was usually a member of the Irish parliament. In the Commons, business was presided over by the Speaker.

From 1 January 1801, it ceased to exist and was succeeded by the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.
Mallojaponin
Mallojaponin is a hydrolysable tannin found in the bark of Mallotus japonicus. This compound contains the moiety elaeocarpusinic acid, an oxidized hexahydroxydiphenic acid group (dehydrohexahydroxydiphenic acid or DHHDP) which reacted with a dehydroascorbic acid molecule. It also contains a valoneic acid and a gallic acid moieties linked to a glucose molecule.

Dehydroascorbic acid
Dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) is the major  oxidized form of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). It is actively imported into the endoplasmic reticulum of cells via glucose transporters.  It is trapped therein by reduction back to ascorbic acid by glutathione and other thiols. The (free) chemical radical semidehydroascorbic acid (SDA) also belongs to the group of oxidized ascorbic acids.
Michael Eysenck
Michael William Eysenck (/ˈaɪzɛŋk/ EYE-zenk; born 8 February 1944) is a British academic psychologist, and is an Emeritus Professor in Psychology at Royal Holloway, University of London. He also holds an appointment as Professorial Fellow at Roehampton University. His research focuses on cognitive factors affecting anxiety. Eysenck has written and co-written many publications, including several textbooks. In the late 1990s, he developed the theory of the "hedonic treadmill", stating that humans are predisposed by genetics to plateau at a certain level of happiness, and that the occurrence of novel happy events merely elevates this level temporarily.

He is the son of the psychologist Hans Jürgen Eysenck.

Happiness
Happiness is a complex and multifaceted emotion that encompasses a range of positive feelings, from contentment to intense joy. It is often associated with positive life experiences, such as achieving goals, spending time with loved ones, or engaging in enjoyable activities. However, happiness can also arise spontaneously, without any apparent external cause.

Happiness is closely linked to well-being and overall life satisfaction. Studies have shown that individuals who experience higher levels of happiness tend to have better physical and mental health, stronger social relationships, and greater resilience in the face of adversity.

The pursuit of happiness has been a central theme in philosophy and psychology for centuries. While there is no single, universally accepted definition of happiness, it is generally understood to be a state of mind characterized by positive emotions, a sense of purpose, and a feeling of fulfillment.
Nickolas Levasseur
Nickolas J. Levasseur is a former Democratic member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives, representing the Hillsborough 11th District from 2006 to 2014.

He came under criticism in 2010 after comments about anime and Japan (and, by extension, relations with that country) on his Facebook page were circulated, in which he said that "anime is a prime example of why two nukes wasn't enough". He has since apologized.

Levasseur ran as a Democratic candidate for Hillsborough 16th District in the 2018 New Hampshire House of Representatives election. He lost the primary election, having gained 16.7% of the vote.

2018 New Hampshire House of Representatives election
The 2018 New Hampshire House of Representatives elections took place as part of the biennial United States elections. New Hampshire voters elected all 400 state representatives from 103 districts. State representatives serve two-year terms in the New Hampshire House of Representatives. A primary election on September 11, 2018, determined which candidates would appear on the November 6 general election ballot. All the members elected served in the 166th New Hampshire General Court.
The Torment of Saint Anthony
The Torment of Saint Anthony (or The Temptation of Saint Anthony) is a painting attributed to Michelangelo, though his authorship is disputed. If it is by Michelangelo, it is his earliest surviving work, having been produced in c. 1487–88 when he was 12-13 years old. It is in the collection of Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth, Texas.

The painting is an oil and tempera copy of an engraving by Martin Schongauer, which was produced several years earlier. It depicts Saint Anthony (AD 251–356) being assailed in the desert by demons, whose temptations he is resisting.

The Temptation (or Trial) of St Anthony was a common medieval subject, included in the Golden Legend and other sources. Schongauer's composition apparently shows a later episode in which St Anthony, normally flown about the desert supported by angels, was ambushed in mid-air by demons.

Tempera
Tempera (Italian: [ˈtɛmpera]) is a permanent, fast-drying painting medium consisting of pigments mixed with a water-soluble binder medium, usually glutinous material such as egg yolk. There are several types of tempera paint, but the one containing egg yolk is called egg tempera. Tempera paint made from the milk protein is Casein paint. If the binder is synthetic PVA, the result is polyvinyl acetate tempera. A distemper paint consisting of pigment and binders such as cornstarch, gum arabic and other gums is called poster paint in certain parts of the world, and it is also often confusingly referred to as "tempera paint", although the binders in this paint are different from traditional egg tempera paints and the visual effect is more like gouache.

The term Tempera also refers to the paintings done in any kind of these tempera mediums.
Vat. Ar.
Vat. Ar. abbreviates Vaticani arabi, a collection within the Vatican Library. Notable works within this collection include the following:

Vat. Ar. 5, Psalter in Arabic

Vat. Ar. 182, Al-Razi's Al-Tibb al-Ruhani

Vat. Ar. 204, Naskh-Ottoman Quran manuscript

Vat. Ar. 230, Quran manuscript

Vat. ar. 319, 13th century diagram of the Tusi couple, by Tusi

Vat. Ar. 368, The Story of Bayad and Riyad, 13th-century Arabic love story

Vat. ar. 657, Eliya ibn ʿUbaid's  Concordance of Faith

Vat. Ar. 709, Quran manuscript

Vat. Ar. 782, 16thC copy of Galland Manuscript

Vat. Ar. 924, Quran manuscript, small circle of 45mm diameter, Octagonal case

Vat. Ar. 931, Quran manuscript

Vat. Ar. 1484, Quran manuscript, largest in library, 540x420mm.

Vat. Ar. 1605/1, additional folia to the Codex Parisino-petropolitanus

Eliya ibn ʿUbaid
Eliya ibn ʿUbaid (Arabic: إيليا بن عبيد), also called Īlīyā al-Jawharī, was a theologian, philosopher, canonist and chronographer of the Church of the East. He served as the bishop of Jerusalem from 878 or 879 until 893 and then as the archbishop of Damascus. He wrote in Arabic. He died after 903.
2018 Czech political crisis
The Czech political crisis in 2018 started when Seznam News published an interview with Andrej Babiš Jr., son of Czech Prime Minister Andrej Babiš. Babiš Jr. stated, that his father's people kidnapped him in Crimea and kept him there.

TOP 09
TOP 09 (Czech: Tradice Odpovědnost Prosperita, lit. 'Tradition Responsibility Prosperity') is a liberal-conservative political party in the Czech Republic, led by Matěj Ondřej Havel. 9 of its members sit in the Chamber of Deputies, and two of them are MEPs.