hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Party of Democratic Reform (Russia)
The Party of Democratic Reform (Russian: Партия демократических реформ) was a liberal-monarchist political party in the Russian Empire, founded at the beginning of 1906 during the elections to the First Duma, from elements who found the Cadet programme too leftist. The party merged with the Party of Peaceful Renovation in 1907.

1906 Russian legislative election
Legislative elections were held in the Russian Empire from 26 March to 20 April 1906. At stake were the 477 seats in the State Duma of the Russian Empire, the legislative assembly. Election for the First State Duma, which only ran from 27 April to 8 July (O.S.) 1906, returned a significant bloc of moderate socialists and two liberal parties which demanded further reforms. For this reason, it is sometimes called the Duma of Public Anger (Дума народного гнева).
Positron Corporation
Positron Corporation is an American nuclear medicine healthcare company specializing in  cardiac Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging. Positron is headquartered in Niagara Falls, New York in addition to its clinical and technical cardiovascular PET training facility.

The company's products and services enable healthcare providers to diagnose cardiac disease and improve patient outcomes. Positron Corporation is a public company and traded on the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.'s OTC Bulletin Board under the ticker symbol POSC.

Nuclear medicine
Nuclear medicine (nuclear radiology) is a medical specialty involving the application of radioactive substances in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Nuclear imaging is, in a sense, radiology done inside out, because it records radiation emitted from within the body rather than radiation that is transmitted through the body from external sources like X-ray generators. In addition, nuclear medicine scans differ from radiology, as the emphasis is not on imaging anatomy, but on the function. For this reason, it is called a physiological imaging modality. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) scans are the two most common imaging modalities in nuclear medicine.
British Rail Class 44
The British Rail Class 44 or Sulzer Type 4 diesel locomotives were built by British Railways' Derby Works between 1959 and 1960, intended for express passenger services. They were originally numbered D1-D10 and named after mountains in England and Wales, and, along with the similar Class 45 and 46 locomotives, they became known as Peaks.

Toton TMD
Toton Traction Maintenance Depot or Toton Sidings is a large traction maintenance depot located in Toton, Nottinghamshire. The TOPS depot code for the depot is TO. Before TOPS, the shed code was 16A (18A prior to 1963).

Prior to the 2021 Integrated Rail Plan for the North and Midlands, the site was the proposed location of the East Midlands Hub railway station on the Leeds Branch of HS2.
Murray Pipon
Vice-Admiral Sir James Murray Pakenham Pipon KBE CMG MVO (25 October 1882 – 14 January 1971) was a Royal Navy officer who served in World War I and, after being recalled to active duty in 1940, World War II.

Vice-admiral (Royal Navy)
A vice-admiral (VAdm) is a flag officer rank of the Royal Navy and equates to the NATO rank code OF-8. It is immediately superior to the rear admiral rank and is subordinate to the full admiral rank.

The equivalent rank in the British Army and Royal Marines is lieutenant-general; and in the Royal Air Force, it is air marshal.
Alison Renee Lee
Alison Renee Lee (born 1958) is a retired South Carolina circuit judge in the Fifth Judicial Circuit and former nominee for United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina.

United States District Court for the District of South Carolina
The United States District Court for the District of South Carolina (in case citations, D.S.C.) is the federal district court whose jurisdiction is the state of South Carolina. Court is held in the cities of Aiken, Anderson, Beaufort, Charleston, Columbia, Florence, Greenville, and Spartanburg.

Appeals from the District of South Carolina are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The United States attorney for the District of South Carolina represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court. As of April 28, 2025, the acting United States attorney is Bryan Stirling.
Micro-mechanics of failure
The theory of micro-mechanics of failure aims to explain the failure of  continuous fiber reinforced composites by micro-scale analysis of stresses within each constituent material (such as fiber and matrix), and of the stresses at the interfaces between those constituents, calculated from the macro stresses at the ply level.

As a completely mechanics-based failure theory, the theory is expected to provide more accurate analyses than those obtained with phenomenological models such as Tsai-Wu and Hashin failure criteria, being able to distinguish the critical constituent in the critical ply in a composite laminate.

Fibre-reinforced plastic
Fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP; also called fibre-reinforced polymer, or in American English fiber) is a composite material made of a polymer matrix reinforced with fibres. The fibres are usually glass (in fibreglass), carbon (in carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer), aramid, or basalt. Rarely, other fibres such as paper, wood, boron, or asbestos have been used. The polymer is usually an epoxy, vinyl ester, or polyester thermosetting plastic, though phenol formaldehyde resins are still in use.

FRPs are commonly used in the aerospace, automotive, marine, and construction industries. They are commonly found in ballistic armour and cylinders for self-contained breathing apparatuses.
Allstadt House and Ordinary
The Allstadt House and Ordinary was built about 1790 on land owned by the Lee family near Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, including Phillip Ludwell Lee, Richard Bland Lee and Henry Lee III.  The house at the crossroads was sold to the Jacob Allstadt family of Berks County, Pennsylvania in 1811.  Allstadt operated an ordinary (a tavern) in the house, and a tollgate on the Harpers Ferry-Charles Town Turnpike, while he resided farther down the road in a stone house.  The house was enlarged by the Allstadts c. 1830.  The house remained in the family until the death of John Thomas Allstadt in 1923, the last survivor of John Brown's Raid.

The property was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

It was purchased by the American Battlefield Trust, which in 2019 donated it to the Harpers Ferry National Historical Park.

Richard Bland Lee
Richard Bland Lee I (January 20, 1761 – March 12, 1827) was an American planter, jurist, and politician from Fairfax County, Virginia. He was the son of Henry Lee II (1730–1787) of "Leesylvania" and Lucy Grymes (1734–1792) and the younger brother of both Maj. Gen. Henry ("Light Horse Harry") Lee (1756–1818) and of Charles Lee (1758–1815), Attorney General of the United States from 1795 to 1801, who served in both the Washington and Adams administrations.
Herbesthal railway station
Herbesthal railway station was the Prussian/German frontier station on the main railway from Germany into Belgium between 1843 and 1920. It opened to rail traffic on 15 October 1843, and was thereby the oldest railway station frontier crossing in the world. It lost its border status on 10 January 1920, however, as a result of changes mandated in the Treaty of Versailles, which left Herbesthal more than 10 km (6.2 mi) inside Belgium.

Verviers
Verviers (French pronunciation: [vɛʁvje] ⓘ; Walloon: Vervî) is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Liège, Belgium.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Ensival, Heusy, Lambermont, Petit-Rechain, Stembert, and Verviers. It is also the center of an agglomeration that includes Dison and Pepinster, making it the second biggest in the province and an important regional center, located roughly halfway between Liège and the German border.

Water has played an important role in the town's economy, notably in the development first of its textile and later its tourist industries. As a result, many fountains have been built in Verviers, leading it to be named Wallonia's "Water Capital". The seats of the two Walloon public institutions for water distribution and water treatment are located in the town.
Abacetus abacillus
Abacetus abacillus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Pterostichinae. It was described by Kolbe in 1898.

The species is found in Africa, distributed in Ethiopia and Zambia, and has two intraspecific taxa Abacetus abacillus abacillus Kolbe, 1898 and Abacetus abacillus dollmanni Straneo, 1949.

Pterostichinae
Pterostichinae is a subfamily of ground beetles (family Carabidae). It belongs to the advanced harpaline assemblage, and if these are circumscribed sensu lato as a single subfamily, Pterostichinae are downranked to a tribe Pterostichini. However, as the former Pterostichitae supertribe of the Harpalinae as loosely circumscribed does seem to constitute a lineage rather distinct from Harpalus, its core group is here considered to be the present subfamily and the Harpalinae are defined more narrowly.

They are usually mid-sized and rather stout ground beetles. Coloration is typically dark and without conspicuous patterns, but often with a strong sheen like polished metal. They are widely distributed and inhabit a wide range of terrestrial habitats. Unlike the more basal ground beetles which only eat small animals, the Pterostichinae include a large proportion of omnivorous or even herbivorous taxa.
Skin appendage
Skin appendages (or adnexa of skin) are anatomical skin-associated structures that serve a particular function including sensation, contractility, lubrication and heat loss in animals. In humans, some of the more common skin appendages are hairs (sensation, heat loss, filter for breathing, protection), arrector pilli (smooth muscles that pull hairs straight), sebaceous glands (secrete sebum onto hair follicle, which oils the hair), sweat glands (can secrete sweat with strong odour (apocrine) or with a faint odour (merocrine or eccrine), and nails (protection).

Skin appendages are derived from the skin, and are usually adjacent to it.

Hair
Hair is a protein filament that grows from follicles found in the dermis. Hair is one of the defining characteristics of mammals.
The human body, apart from areas of glabrous skin, is covered in follicles which produce thick terminal and fine vellus hair. Most common interest in hair is focused on hair growth, hair types, and hair care, but hair is also an important biomaterial primarily composed of protein, notably alpha-keratin.

Attitudes towards different forms of hair, such as hairstyles and hair removal, vary widely across different cultures and historical periods, but it is often used to indicate a person's personal beliefs or social position, such as their age, gender, or religion.
2013–14 Bobsleigh World Cup
The 2013–14 Bobsleigh World Cup was a multi-race tournament over the winter season for bobsleigh, organised by the FIBT, which also organised in parallel the 2013–14 Skeleton World Cup. The season started on 30 November 2013 in Calgary, Canada, and ended on 26 January 2014 in Königssee, Germany.

2013–14 Skeleton World Cup
The 2013–14 Skeleton World Cup was a multi-race tournament over a season for skeleton. The season started on 29 November 2013 in Calgary, Canada, and ended on 25 January 2014 in Königssee, Germany. The World Cup was organised by the FIBT who also run World Cups and Championships in bobsleigh.
2024 Beijing Guoan F.C. season
The 2024 season was Beijing Guoan F.C.'s 60th season in Chinese football competitions. This season marked the club's 21st consecutive season in the Chinese Super League since the league's inaugural season in 2004, and it was the club's 34th consecutive season in the top-flight of Chinese football. It covered a period from 1 January 2024 to 31 December 2024.

Guoan finished 4th in the domestic league, and was a quarter-finalist in the season's edition of the Chinese FA Cup. Guoan also qualified for the 2025–26 AFC Champions League Two.

Jing–Hu rivalry
The Jing–Hu rivalry is the name given to any football match between rival clubs Beijing Guoan and Shanghai Shenhua. It takes place twice a year in the Chinese Super League, and occasionally in the Chinese FA Cup. Both clubs were founding members of the former Jia-A League and the Chinese Super League, and have participated in every edition of China's top-tier professional football league, resulting in the "eternality" of the rivalry.

Beijing Guoan leads in head-to-head results in official competitive matches with 30 wins to Shanghai Shenhua's 23, with 15 draws as of the match played on 19 July 2025.
Death of Nikki Whitehead
Jarmecca Yvonne "Nikki" Whitehead (April 18, 1975 – January 13, 2010) was a 34-year-old beautician and mother of 16-year-old identical twins Jasmiyah Kaneesha and Tasmiyah Janeesha Whitehead (born on November 27, 1993). On the afternoon of January 13, 2010, she was found dead in the bathroom of her home in the gated subdivision Bridle Ridge Walk, located in Conyers, Georgia. Whitehead had been beaten with a vase and stabbed repeatedly. Her daughters were arrested four months after the slaying on May 21, 2010, and charged with murder. Both initially pleaded not guilty. In a plea agreement, each twin pleaded guilty to the lesser charge of voluntary manslaughter in 2014. They were sentenced to serve 30 years in prison.

Plea
In law, a plea is a defendant's response to a criminal charge. A defendant may plead guilty or not guilty. Depending on jurisdiction, additional pleas may be available, including nolo contendere (no contest), no case to answer (in the United Kingdom), or an Alford plea (in the United States).

Under common law systems, a defendant who pleads guilty will be convicted if the court                                                                                                                       accepts the plea. The court will then determine and impose a sentence. Plea bargaining involves discussions between the prosecutor and defendants to reach an agreement for a guilty plea in exchange for a more lenient punishment.

In civil law jurisdictions, a confession by the defendant is treated like any other piece of evidence. A full confession does not prevent a full trial or relieve the prosecutor from presenting a case to the court.
2004 European Sevens Championship
The 2004 European Sevens Championship was a rugby sevens competition, with the final held in Palma de Mallorca, Spain. It was the third edition of the European Sevens championship. The event was organised by rugby's European governing body, the FIRA – Association of European Rugby (FIRA-AER).

Final:

Portugal, 21 - Italy, 14

Palma de Mallorca
Palma, also known as Palma de Mallorca (officially between 1983–1988, 2006–2008, and 2012–2016), is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands in Spain. It is situated on the south coast of Mallorca on the Bay of Palma. With a population of 438,234 as of 2024, it is the 8th-largest city in Spain.

The Cabrera Archipelago, though widely separated from Palma proper, is part of the municipality.
Frager
Frager is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Henri Frager (1897–1944), member of the French Resistance during World War II

Malcolm Frager (1935–1991), American piano virtuoso and recording artist

Robert Frager (born 1940), American social psychologist

Sammy Frager, Romanian boxer and boxing glove manufacturer

Tom Frager (born 1977), French songwriter and performer

Tom Frager
Tom Frager (born 1 July 1977 in Dakar, Senegal) is a French songwriter and performer in the group Gwayav' and is also a ten-time surfing champion in Guadeloupe. He is primarily known for his French hit "Lady Melody", number one on the French charts for four weeks.
Humes (surname)
Humes is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cedric Humes (born 1983), American football running back

Edward Humes, American journalist

Harold L. Humes (1926–1992), American writer

Helen Humes (1913–1981), American jazz and blues singer

James C. Humes, American writer

Jimmy Humes (born 1942), English footballer

Mary-Margaret Humes (born 1954), American actress

Marvin Humes (born 1985), British boy band member

Rochelle Humes (born 1989), English singer and television presenter

Tony Humes (born 1966), English footballer

William Y.C. Humes (1830–1883), Confederate general

James C. Humes
James C. Humes (31 October 1934 – 21 August 2020) was an author and former presidential speechwriter.

Humes was born in Williamsport, Pennsylvania on 31 October, 1934 to Samuel and Elenor (née Graham) Humes. At age 19 he attended Stowe School on a scholarship, where he met Winston Churchill who advised him, “Young man, study history. In history lie all the secrets of statecraft.”  After graduation from Williams College he attended law school at George Washington University.  While still in law school he wrote speeches for then-President Dwight Eisenhower. He served one term in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives 1963-1965 representing Lycoming county.

Humes, along with William Safire and Pat Buchanan, is credited for authoring the text on the Apollo 11 lunar plaque. Humes has written many books sharing his extensive knowledge of the modern history and political landscape.
West Branch Mohawk River (New Hampshire)
The West Branch of the Mohawk River is a 5.5-mile-long (8.9 km) river in northern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Mohawk River, which flows west to the Connecticut River, which in turn flows south to Long Island Sound, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean.

The West Branch rises in Stewartstown, New Hampshire, between Mudget Mountain to the north and Lovering Mountain to the south. The river flows south and is joined by the East Branch at the village of Upper Kidderville in the town of Colebrook. The West Branch continues south and joins the Mohawk River in Kidderville, just north of New Hampshire Route 26.

New Hampshire Route 26
New Hampshire Route 26 (abbreviated NH 26) is a 30.860-mile-long (49.664 km) state highway located in northern New Hampshire.  It runs across the state in a roughly northwest-to-southeast trajectory, stretching from the Vermont border in the west to the Maine border in the east.  NH 26 is a multi-state route with both states.

At its western end, NH 26 connects to Vermont Route 102 in Lemington via the extremely short, yet fully designated Vermont Route 26 (VT 26).  At 0.013 miles (21 m; 69 ft) in length, it is by far the shortest state route in Vermont.  At its eastern end, NH 26 meets Maine State Route 26 which connects with the city of Portland in the south.

The number 26 dates from 1922, when the multi-state route was first designated New England Interstate Route 26 as part of the New England road marking system of the 1920s.
Mama Hirka
Mama Hirka (Quechua mama vein, hirka mountain, "vein mountain", also spelled Mamajirca) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru which reaches a height of approximately 4,200 m (13,800 ft). It is located in the Ancash Region, Bolognesi Province, Huallanca District.

Vein (geology)
In geology, a vein is a distinct sheetlike body of crystallized minerals within a rock. Veins form when mineral constituents carried by an aqueous solution within the rock mass are deposited through precipitation. The hydraulic flow involved is usually due to hydrothermal circulation.

Veins are classically thought of as being planar fractures in rocks, with the crystal growth occurring normal to the walls of the cavity, and the crystal protruding into open space. This certainly is the method for the formation of some veins. However, it is rare in geology for significant open space to remain open in large volumes of rock, especially several kilometers below the surface. Thus, there are two main mechanisms considered likely for the formation of veins: open-space filling and crack-seal growth.
Frankfurt-Frankfurter Berg station
Frankfurt-Frankfurter Berg station (German: Bahnhof Frankfurt-Frankfurter Berg) is a railway station located in the Frankfurter Berg district of Frankfurt, Germany. The station is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 5 station and part of the Main–Weser Railway. The station was called Bonames until 1996.

German railway station categories
The approximately 5,400 railway stations in Germany that are owned and operated by the Deutsche Bahn subsidiary DB InfraGO are divided into seven categories, denoting the service level available at the station.

This categorisation influences the amount of money railway companies need to pay to DB Station&Service for using the facilities at the stations.
Shendam
Shendam is a Local Government Area in Plateau State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Shendam. It is bordered by Ibi Taraba State to the south, Qua'an Pan to the east, Pankshin to the north, and Mikang to the west. Shendam town is the second most populous town in Plateau State, after Jos town at 8°53′00″N 9°32′00″E﻿ / ﻿8.88333°N 9.53333°E﻿ / 8.88333; 9.53333.

It has an area of 2,477 km2 and a population of 208,017 at the 2006 census.

The postal code of the area is 940.

The Goemai language and many other West Chadic languages are spoken in Shendam LGA.

Postal code
A postal code (also known locally in various English-speaking countries throughout the world as a postcode, post code, PIN or ZIP Code) is a series of letters or digits or both, sometimes including spaces or punctuation, included in a postal address for the purpose of sorting mail.

As of August 2021, the Universal Postal Union lists 160 countries which require the use of a postal code.

Although postal codes are usually assigned to geographical areas, special codes are sometimes assigned to individual addresses or to institutions that receive large volumes of mail, such as government agencies and large commercial companies. One example is the French CEDEX system.
Zoltán Farkas (politician)
Zoltán Farkas (born November 7, 1963) is a Hungarian politician, member of the National Assembly (MP) for Szeghalom (Békés County Constituency IV) from 2010 to 2014.

He joined Fidesz in 1998. Farkas was a member of the Defence and Internal Security Committee between May 17, 2010 and May 5, 2014.

Békés County
Békés (Hungarian: Békés vármegye, pronounced [ˈbeːkeːʃ], Romanian: Județul Bichiș) is an administrative division (county or vármegye) in south-eastern Hungary, on the border with Romania. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Csongrád-Csanád, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok, and Hajdú-Bihar. The capital of Békés county is Békéscsaba. The county is also part of the Danube-Kris-Mures-Tisa euroregion.