hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flip distance
In discrete mathematics and theoretical computer science, the flip distance between two triangulations of the same point set is the number of flips required to transform one triangulation into another. A flip removes an edge between two triangles in the triangulation and then adds the other diagonal in the edge's enclosing quadrilateral, forming a different triangulation of the same point set.

This problem is known to be NP-hard. However, the computational complexity of determining the flip distance between convex polygons, a special case of this problem, is unknown. Computing the flip distance between convex polygon triangulations is also equivalent to rotation distance, the number of rotations required to transform one binary tree into another.

Quadrilateral
In  geometry  a quadrilateral is a four-sided polygon, having four edges (sides) and four corners (vertices). The word is derived from the Latin words quadri, a variant of four, and latus, meaning "side". It is also called a tetragon, derived from Greek "tetra" meaning "four" and "gon" meaning "corner" or "angle", in analogy to other polygons (e.g. pentagon). Since "gon" means "angle", it is analogously called a quadrangle, or 4-angle. A quadrilateral with vertices , ,  and  is sometimes denoted as .

Quadrilaterals are either simple (not self-intersecting), or complex (self-intersecting, or crossed). Simple quadrilaterals are either convex or concave.

The interior angles of a simple (and planar) quadrilateral ABCD add up to 360 degrees, that is

This is a special case of the n-gon interior angle sum formula: S = (n − 2) × 180° (here, n=4).

All non-self-crossing quadrilaterals tile the plane, by repeated rotation around the midpoints of their edges.
Tell Your Children
Tell Your Children is a 1922 British drama film directed by Donald Crisp and starring Doris Eaton and Walter Tennyson. Alfred Hitchcock is credited as a title designer. It was the first film in which later Carry On actor Charles Hawtrey was to appear – he was aged eight at the time. The film is now lost.

Film title design
Film title design is a term describing the craft and design of motion picture title sequences. Since the beginning of the film form, it has been important to motion picture. Originally a motionless piece of artwork called title art, it slowly evolved into an artform of its own.

A main title designer is the designer of the movie title. It has often been classified as motion graphics, title design, title sequences and animated credits. The title sequence is often presented through animated visuals and kinetic type while the credits are introduced on screen.
Norman MacPhee
Norman MacPhee (born July 9, 1943) is a Canadian politician and businessman. He represented Crapaud-Hazel Grove in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1996 to 2003 as a Progressive Conservative.

MacPhee was born in 1943 in Long Creek, Prince Edward Island. He married Elaine Carver. MacPhee received his third-class Stationary Engineer at the Provincial Vocational Institute, and has operated his own plumbing and heating business since 1975.

MacPhee entered provincial politics in the 1996 election, defeating Liberal candidate Eric MacArthur by 137 votes in the new Crapaud-Hazel Grove riding. He was re-elected in the 2000 election. MacPhee was defeated when he ran for re-election in 2003, losing to Liberal Carolyn Bertram by 146 votes.

2000 Prince Edward Island general election
The 2000 Prince Edward Island general election was held on April 17, 2000, to elect the 27 members of the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island.

Premier Pat Binns' Progressive Conservative Party was elected to its second straight majority, winning every seat but one. This was an increase of eight seats from the previous election.

The Liberal Party, led by rookie leader Wayne Carew, only won one seat, and Carew lost his own by a substantial margin.

The New Democratic Party, led by Herb Dickieson, increased their popular vote from the previous election, but lost their only seat (Dickieson's own).
Custer (surname)
Custer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bob Custer (1898–1974), American film actor

Boston Custer (1848–1876), brother of George Armstrong Custer

Clayton Custer (born 1995), American basketball player

Cole Custer (born 1998), American racing driver

Elizabeth Bacon Custer (1842–1933), wife of George Armstrong Custer

George Armstrong Custer (1839–1876), American Civil War general

Omer N. Custer (1873–1942), American politician

Thomas Custer (1845–1876), brother of George Armstrong Custer, two-time recipient of the U.S. Army Medal of Honor

Willard Ray Custer (1899–1985), inventor of channel wing airfoils

Clayton Custer
Clayton Custer (born June 28, 1995) is an American former basketball player and current assistant coach for the Oklahoma Sooners. A 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) point guard, he played college basketball for Loyola University Chicago, and was the 2018 Missouri Valley Conference Player of the Year. Custer briefly played professional basketball for Śląsk Wroclaw of the Polish Basketball League.
Kuvera.in
Kuvera is an Indian online wealth management platform for mutual funds, digital gold, fixed deposits, cryptocurrency exchange, insurance & US ETF investment. It is operated by Arevuk Advisory Services Pvt. Ltd., a company headquartered in Bangalore. In February 2024, Kuvera was acquired by Cred.

Wealth management
Wealth management (WM) or wealth management advisory (WMA) is an investment advisory service that provides financial management and wealth advisory services to a wide array of clients ranging from affluent to high-net-worth (HNW) and ultra-high-net-worth (UHNW) individuals and families.

It is a discipline which incorporates structuring and planning wealth to assist in growing, preserving, and protecting wealth, whilst passing it onto the family in a tax-efficient manner and in accordance with their wishes. Wealth management brings together tax planning, wealth protection, estate planning, succession planning, and family governance.
Roy Cortina
Robert Vincent "Roy" Cortina (b. March 14, 1964 in New York City) is an American-born Argentine politician, president of the Socialist Party in the City of Buenos Aires. Since December 2015 he has served as the 3rd Vice President of the Buenos Aires City Legislature, after serving as a national deputy from 2007 to 2015.

Roy Cortina is PRO's socialist ally and bets on its political future: "Horacio Rodriguez Larreta will know how to combine an inclusive and modernizing project in Argentina."

Buenos Aires City Legislature
The Buenos Aires City Legislature (Spanish: Legislatura de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, commonly known as the Legislatura Porteña) is the legislative power of the government of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is housed in the Legislature Palace (Spanish: Palacio de la Legislatura), an architectural landmark in the barrio of Montserrat.
Woodone Open Hiroshima
The Woodone Open Hiroshima was a professional golf tournament in Japan. Founded in 1972 as the Hiroshima Open, it was an event on the Japan Golf Tour from 1973 to 2007. Except for the 1997 tournament, which was held at Yonex Country Club in Niigata Prefecture, and the 1980 tournament, which was held at Kam Country Club in Ichihara, Chiba, it was played at Hiroshima Country Club near Higashihiroshima in Hiroshima Prefecture.

Ichihara, Chiba
Ichihara (市原市, Ichihara-shi) is a city, located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 December 2020, the city had an estimated population of 274,117 in 128,316 households and a population density of 240 people per km2. The total area of the city is 368.20 square kilometres (142.16 sq mi). The city is home, together with the city of Chiba, to the JEF United football club. The whole city is also part of the Greater Tokyo Area.
Junius Bassus (consul)
Junius Bassus was a praetorian prefect of the Roman Empire from 318 to 331, during which time he also held the consulate. Several laws in the Codex Theodosianus are addressed to him. His son Junius Bassus Theotecnius was praefectus urbi, and his sarcophagus from 359 is one of the most decorative late antique sarcophagi adorned with two registers of Christian scenes.

He built the basilica of Junius Bassus on the Esquiline Hill in Rome, famous for its opus sectile decoration.

Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus
The Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus is a marble Early Christian sarcophagus used for the burial of Junius Bassus, who died in 359.  It has been described as "probably the single most famous piece of early Christian relief sculpture." The sarcophagus was originally placed in or under Old St. Peter's Basilica,  was rediscovered in 1597, and is now below the modern basilica in the Museo Storico del Tesoro della Basilica di San Pietro (Museum of Saint Peter's Basilica) in the Vatican.  The base is approximately 4 x 8 x 4 feet.

Together with the Dogmatic sarcophagus in the same museum, this sarcophagus is one of the oldest surviving high-status sarcophagi with elaborate carvings of Christian themes, and a complicated iconographic programme embracing the Old and New Testaments.
Die, Rugged Man, Die
Die, Rugged Man, Die is the debut studio album by American rapper R.A. the Rugged Man. It was released on November 16, 2004, by Nature Sounds.

This debut was over a decade in the making. R.A. the Rugged Man recorded his first album, Night of the Bloody Apes, for Jive Records in 1992 and American Lowlife for Priority Records in 1998. Although it is the Rugged Man's third album Die, Rugged Man, Die became the first album he released commercially. Guest appearances include Masta Killa, Killah Priest, Timbo King and Human Beatbox Bub. The song "Black And White" features on the THQ & Volition video game Saints Row.

Killah Priest
Walter Reed (born August 16, 1970), better known by his stage name Killah Priest, is an American rapper, a member of Sunz of Man, and a Wu-Tang Clan affiliate who was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York. He is known for his intensely spiritual lyrics, containing religious references and metaphors. He is connected to the Black Hebrew Israelites through his rhymes, and is known for his controversial and political subject matter. He is also a part of supergroup the HRSMN along with Canibus, Ras Kass, and Kurupt.
Mars Surface Exploration
Mars Surface Exploration (MSE) is a systems engineering tool for the design of rover missions originally developed in 2003 by the Space Systems Engineering graduate class at MIT. It has since been further enhanced by the MIT Space Systems Laboratory with the support of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The tool is intended to help designers during pre-phase A rover mission design. MSE enables designers to model and analyze very rapidly a wide range of design options for a mission whose science goals have been defined. The emphasis is on breadth rather than on in-depth modeling of specific designs. Other rover modeling tools exist at NASA’s and ESA’s concurrent engineering facilities that take the approach of interconnecting sophisticated software design environments to conduct detailed analyses of a particular mission. MSE's approach complements in-depth modeling techniques which, in return, assist in the validation of MSE's models at various points of the design space.

Mars Science Laboratory
Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) is a robotic space probe mission to Mars launched by NASA on November 26, 2011, which successfully landed Curiosity, a Mars rover, in Gale Crater on August 6, 2012. The overall objectives include investigating Mars's habitability, studying its climate and geology, and collecting data for a human mission to Mars. The rover carries a variety of scientific instruments designed by an international team.
Ejler Allert
Ejler Arild Emil Allert (27 November 1881 in Tingsted, Denmark – 25 March 1959 in Rødovre, Denmark) was a Danish rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.

He was a crew member of the Danish boat, which won the gold medal in the coxed four, inriggers.

Tingsted
Tingsted is a village 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) northeast of Nykøbing on the Danish island of Falster. Tingsted played an important role in early Danish history as a venue for lawmaking and diplomatic agreements. 1. January 2025 it had a population of 228.
Shine (Joni Mitchell album)
Shine is the nineteenth and final studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell, released on September 25, 2007, by Hear Music. It is Mitchell's first album of new material since Taming the Tiger (1998).

In the US, the album sold 40,000 copies in its first week, debuting at No. 14 on the Billboard 200 chart; this was Mitchell's best peak position in America since Hejira (1976). Shine peaked at No. 36 on the UK chart, making it Mitchell's first Top 40 album there since Night Ride Home (1991). In its first week on sale, Shine sold around 60,000 copies worldwide. As of February 2008, the album has sold 372,000 copies in the United States.

If—
"If—" is a poem by English poet Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936), written circa 1895 as a tribute to Leander Starr Jameson. It is a literary example of Victorian-era values. The poem, first published in Rewards and Fairies (1910) following the story "Brother Square-Toes", is written in the form of paternal advice to the poet's son, John.
Donald Snelgrove
Donald George Snelgrove (21 April 1925 – 19 May 2016) was the Suffragan Bishop of Hull from 1981 until 1994.

He was educated at Queens' College, Cambridge. After World War II service with the RNVR and a period of study at Ridley Hall, Cambridge he embarked on an ecclesiastical career with curacies at St Thomas Oakwood, London and St Anselm, Hatch End after which he was Vicar of St John the Baptist's Church, Dronfield. Following this he was Vicar of Hessle and then (his final appointment before elevation to the episcopate) Archdeacon of the East Riding, a post he initially held whilst also serving as Rector of Cherry Burton (1970–79).

Snelgrove was Bishop of Hull (a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of York) from 1981 until his 1994 retirement. In retirement he continued to serve the Church as an Assistant Bishop within the Diocese of Lincoln.

Snelgrove died on 19 May 2016 at the age of 91.

Oakwood, London
Oakwood is a suburban area of north London, in the London Borough of Enfield. It is situated within the Southgate postal area (London N14) and was, historically, the southernmost area of Enfield Chase.
PDS5B
Sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5 homolog B (PDS5B) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDS5B gene. It is a regulatory subunit of the Cohesin complex which mediates sister chromatid cohesion, homologous recombination and DNA looping. The core cohesin complex is formed of SMC3, SMC1, RAD21 and either SA1 or SA2. PDS5 associates with WAPL to stimulate the release of cohesin from DNA but during DNA replication PDS5 promotes acetylation of SMC3 by ESCO1 and ESCO2.

RAD21
Double-strand-break repair protein rad21 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAD21 gene. RAD21 (also known as Mcd1, Scc1, KIAA0078, NXP1, HR21), an essential gene, encodes a DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair protein that is evolutionarily conserved in all eukaryotes from budding yeast to humans.  RAD21 protein is a structural component of the highly conserved cohesin complex consisting of RAD21, SMC1A, SMC3, and SCC3 [ STAG1 (SA1) and STAG2 (SA2) in multicellular organisms] proteins, involved in sister chromatid cohesion.
2023 Mountain West Conference Football Championship Game
The 2023 Mountain West Conference Football Championship Game was a college football game which was played on December 2, 2023, at Allegiant Stadium in the Las Vegas-area community of Paradise, Nevada. It was the 11th edition of the Mountain West Conference Football Championship Game and determined the champion of the Mountain West Conference (MW) for the 2023 season. The game began at 12:00 p.m. PST and was aired on Fox. The game featured the Boise State Broncos and the UNLV Rebels.

2023 Boise State Broncos football team
The 2023 Boise State Broncos football team represented Boise State University as a member of the Mountain West Conference during the 2023 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Led by third-year head coach Andy Avalos, the Broncos played their home games on campus at Albertsons Stadium in Boise, Idaho. The Boise State Broncos football team drew an average home attendance of 35,867 in 2023.

On November 12, with Boise State sitting 5–5 (4–2 in Mountain West play), Avalos was fired with two games remaining in the regular season. Defensive Coordinator Spencer Danielson was named interim head coach for the remainder of the season. Avalos finished 22–14 (17–6 conference) in just shy of three full seasons.
2007 IFSC Climbing World Cup
The 2007 IFSC Climbing World Cup was held in 18 locations. Bouldering competitions were held in 7 locations, lead in 8 locations, and speed in 6 locations. The season began on 30 March in Erlangen, Germany and concluded on 18 November in Kranj, Slovenia.

The top 3 in each competition received medals, and the overall winners were awarded trophies. At the end of the season an overall ranking was determined based upon points, which athletes were awarded for finishing in the top 30 of each individual event.

The winners for bouldering were Kilian Fischhuber and Juliette Danion, for lead Patxi Usobiaga Lakunza and Maja Vidmar, for speed Sergei Sinitcyn and Tatiana Ruyga, and for combined Jorg Verhoeven and Natalija Gros, men and women respectively.
The National Team for bouldering was France, for lead France, and for speed Russian Federation.

Patxi Usobiaga
Patxi Usobiaga Lakunza (born September 7, 1980), best known as Patxi Usobiaga, is a Basque Spanish professional rock climber, sports climber and boulderer. He is known for winning two Lead Climbing World Cups in a row, and for being the first-ever climber in history to onsight an 8c+ (5.14c) route.
Dunaújvárosi FVE
Dunaújvárosi Főiskola Vizílabda Egyesület is a Hungarian water polo club from Dunaújváros founded in 1989 in the Dunaújváros College. It is best known for its women's team, which has won eight national championships since 2001. It reached the final of the 2001 Cup Winners' Cup, the 2003 Champions Cup and the 2009 LEN Trophy, but it lost them to SKIF Moscow, Glyfada NSC and Shturm Chekhov respectively. In 2018 Dunaújváros reached the final of the LEN Trophy and finally won their first international title.

European Aquatics Women's Champions League
The European Aquatics Women's Champions League, formerly known as LEN European Cup (from 1987 to 1999), LEN Champions Cup (from 1999 to 2013), LEN Euroleague Women (2014 to 2022) and LEN Women's Champions League (from 2023 to 2024) is the premier competition for women's water polo clubs of Europe and takes place every year. It is organized by the Ligue Européenne de Natation (LEN) and was created in 1987 as LEN European Cup. From 2024, after LEN was renamed to European Aquatics, the new name is the European Aquatics Women's Champions League.
Fariborz Maseeh Hall
Fariborz Maseeh Hall is a building on the Portland State University campus in Portland, Oregon, United States.

The first section of the building was completed in October 1961 and was originally known as South Park Hall. It was renamed Neuberger Hall after US Senator Richard L. Neuberger, in 1972. The second section was built as an addition and was completed in July 1969.

The building underwent a $70 million renovation between January 2018 and August 2019. The building was renamed after engineer Fariborz Maseeh, who donated the bulk of money for the remodel, at the completion of the modernization. The remodeled building also houses a branch of the Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art.

Richard L. Neuberger
Richard Lewis Neuberger (December 26, 1912 – March 9, 1960) was an American journalist, author, and politician during the middle of the 20th century. A native of Oregon, he wrote for The New York Times before and after a stint in the U.S. Army during World War II. A Democrat, he entered politics in his home state by winning a seat in the Oregon House of Representatives and later was elected to the United States Senate. His widow, Maurine Brown Neuberger, won his Senate seat after his death.
Sumiyoshi Shrine (Hokkaidō)
Sumiyoshi Shrine (住吉神社, Sumiyoshi Jinja) is a Shinto shrine located in Otaru, Hokkaido. Its annual festival is on July 15. The kami Kamitsusu no O no Ōkami (上筒之男大神), Nakatsutsu no O no Ōkami (中筒之男大神), Sokotsutsu no O no Ōkami (底筒之男大神), Okinagaranushihime no Ōkami (息長足姫大神), Onamochi no Ōkami (大名持大神), Sukunabikona no Ōkami (少彦名大神) and others are enshrined here.

Sukunabikona
Sukunabikona or Sukuna bikona (少彦名神, also known as Sukuna-biko, Sukuna-biko-na, Sukuna hikona) is the Shinto kami of the onsen (hot springs), agriculture, healing, magic, brewing sake and knowledge. His name means "the small lord of renown." He is often described as being a dwarf and is frequently paired with Ōkuninushi.
St Kieran's GAA (Limerick)
St Kieran's GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Coolcappagh the combined parishes of Ardagh-Carrigkerry and Coolcappa-Kilcolman in County Limerick, Ireland. The club fields teams in both Gaelic football and hurling. St Kieran's are a member of the west division of Limerick GAA, its home grounds being located at St Kieran's Park, Coolcappa.

County Limerick
County Limerick (Irish: Contae Luimnigh) is a western county in Ireland. It is in the province of Munster and is located in the Mid-West which comprises part of the Southern Region. It is named after the city of Limerick. Limerick City and County Council is the local council for the county. The county's population at the 2022 census was 209,536 of whom 102,287 lived in Limerick City, the county capital.
Ouachita madtom
The Ouachita madtom (Noturus lachneri) is a catfish of the family Ictaluridae.  The first specimens of the species were collected in 1952, but it was not until 1969 that they were recognised as a species. The Ouachita madtom is similar to the tadpole madtom (N. gyrinus) except the Ouachita madtom has one internasal pore while the tadpole madtom has two, and 16 to 18 anal rays while the tadpole madtom has only 14 to 16. It is also similar to the slender madtom (N. exilis)
but differing in the lack of serrae on the pectoral spine, having more caudal rays, and usually eight pectoral rays while the slender madtom has 9.  The maximum length of an Ouachita madtom is about 4 inches (10 cm).

Spine (zoology)
In a zoological context, spines are hard, needle-like anatomical structures found in both vertebrate and invertebrate species. The spines of most spiny mammals are modified hairs, with a spongy center covered in a thick, hard layer of keratin and a sharp, sometimes barbed tip.
David Haley
David B. Haley (born October 29, 1958) is a Democratic member of the Kansas Senate, representing the 4th district (Kansas City, Kansas / eastern Wyandotte County) since 2001. From 1995 to 2001, he was a Kansas Representative. He ran unsuccessfully for Kansas Secretary of State in 2002 and 2006.

Haley (by 2023), became the longest-serving member currently in the Kansas Senate.  As of February, 2025, he remains in office.

He is the son of politician George W. Haley and nephew of Pulitzer Prize winner Alex Haley.

Kansas Senate
The Kansas Senate is the upper house of the Kansas Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. State of Kansas. It is composed of 40 senators elected from single-member districts, each with a population of about 73,000 inhabitants. Members of the Senate are elected to a four-year term. There is no limit to the number of terms that a senator may serve. The Kansas Senate meets at the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka.

Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate is reserved with special functions such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions and boards.