hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jimmy Ridland
Alexander James Ridland (3 March 1882 – 5 November 1918) was a New Zealand rugby union player. A forward, Ridland represented Southland at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, in 1910. He played six matches for the All Blacks including three internationals.

Ridland was born in Invercargill in 1882 to William and Margaret Ridland, both of whom were originally from the Shetland Islands. Ridland enlisted in the New Zealand Expeditionary Force in October 1917 and embarked for Britain in May 1918. He was posted to France in September 1918 and served as a rifleman with the 1st Battalion, 3rd New Zealand Rifle Brigade. He died in France on 5 November 1918 as the result of gunshot wound to the head. He was buried at the Caudry British Cemetery.

Southland (National Provincial Championship)
Southland (often known as the Southland Stags) are a New Zealand professional rugby union team based in Invercargill, New Zealand. The union was originally established in 1887, with the National Provincial Championship established in 1976. They now play in the reformed National Provincial Championship competition. They play their home games at Rugby Park Stadium in Invercargill in the Southland region. The team is affiliated with the Highlanders Super Rugby franchise. Their home playing colours are maroon and gold.
Law of constancy of interfacial angles
The law of constancy of interfacial angles (German: Das Gesetz der Winkelkonstanz; French: Loi de constance des angles) is an empirical law in the fields of crystallography and mineralogy concerning the shape, or morphology, of crystals. The law states that the angles between adjacent corresponding faces of crystals of a particular substance are always constant despite the different shapes, sizes, and mode of growth of crystals. The law is also named the first law of crystallography or Steno's law.

Internal and external angles
In geometry, an angle of a polygon is formed by two adjacent sides.  For a simple polygon (non-self-intersecting), regardless of whether it is convex or non-convex, this angle is called an internal angle (or interior angle) if a point within the angle is in the interior of the polygon. A polygon has exactly one internal angle per vertex.

If every internal angle of a simple polygon is less than a straight angle (π radians or 180°), then the polygon is called convex.

In contrast, an external angle (also called a turning angle or exterior angle) is an angle formed by one side of a simple polygon and a line extended from an adjacent side.: pp. 261–264
Islamic Center of Daejeon
Islamic Center of Daejeon (ICD; Korean: 대전 이슬람 센터) was established in December 2006 and located in Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea. It lies in the midst of a triangle containing Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Information and Communication University and Chungnam National University. The closest Daejeon metro station is Wolpyeong (KAIST).

KAIST
KAIST (originally the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) is a national research university located in Daedeok Innopolis, Daejeon, South Korea. KAIST was established by the Korean government in 1971 as the nation's first public, research-oriented science and engineering institution. KAIST has been internationally accredited in business education, and hosts the Secretariat of the Association of Asia-Pacific Business Schools (AAPBS). KAIST has 10,504 full-time students and 1,342 faculty researchers (as of the Fall 2019 Semester) and had a total budget of US$765 million in 2013, of which US$459 million was from research contracts.

In 2007, KAIST partnered with international institutions and adopted dual degree programs for its students. Its partner institutions include the Technical University of Denmark, Carnegie Mellon University, the Georgia Institute of Technology, Technische Universität Berlin, and the Technical University of Munich.
Halewijn
Halewijn can have several meanings:

Halewijn, a hamlet in Luchteren, Belgium

Halluin or Halewijn, a commune in the Nord department, France

Halewijn, a character in the Dutch folksong "Heer Halewijn" (Dutch for "Lord Halewijn")
Halewijn, an opera based on the Dutch folksong, see Heer Halewijn

Luchteren
Luchteren (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈlʏxtərə(n)]) is a village in East Flanders, Belgium, within the municipality of Ghent.

Luchteren is the most rural parish of the sub-municipality of Drongen, located on the main N461 road.

Most shops and other important features are located in the main streets Beekstraat, Antoon Catriestraat, Boskeetstraat and Gavergrachtstraat, the last one holding the small parish church, the only school and the only bar of the village. Halewijn is a distinct neighbourhood within Luchteren.

Luchteren borders the Drongen parishes of Baarle (south) and Central Drongen (east), the Ghent submunicipality of Mariakerke (northeast), the Nevele submunicipality of Merendree, and Vinderhoute, Lovendegem's only submunicipality.
Reckitt & Colman Building Facade
The Reckitt & Colman Building Facade, also referred to as The Wedding Wall, is the facade of the former Reckitt & Colman building on the corner of High and Cliff Streets in Fremantle.  Like many places in Fremantle, including the Strelitz Buildings in Mouat Street, the Reckitt & Colman building was created through the addition of a street side facade to existing buildings in the 1890s. These buildings were demolished in 1967 but the facade along Cliff Street was retained with windows and doorways being infilled. In 1974 the facade was listed by the National Trust of Australia. As of 2020, the structure separates Cliff Street and a parking lot.

Mouat Street, Fremantle
Mouat Street is a 300-metre-long (980 ft) street in Fremantle, Western Australia. Historically, the name was often spelled as Mouatt Street.

It is a one-way street, running from Phillimore Street in the north to Marine Terrace in the south. It runs parallel to and in between Cliff Street to the west and Henry Street to the east.
Along the way it intersects High Street and Croke Street.

Mouat Street was named after lieutenant J. A. Mouat, of HMS Challenger.

New kerbing was laid along Mouat Street in 1890.

It is the location of a number of historical buildings: the Adelaide Steamship House, the Strelitz Buildings, the former Tarantella Night Club and the Howard Smith Building. There are also several buildings owned and used by the Fremantle campus of the University of Notre Dame, such as the former P&O Hotel building, as well as many other commercial buildings that use their heritage status.

Former buildings in the street include His Lordships Larder Hotel.
Trailing return type
In computer programming, a subroutine (a.k.a. function) will often inform calling code about the result of its computation, by returning a value to that calling code.
The data type of that value is called the function's return type.

In the C++ programming language, a function must be declared.
The C++ function's return type is specified as a part of declaring that function.
A trailing return type, a syntax feature available since C++11, is like a traditional return type, except that it is specified in a different location.

Data type
In computer science and computer programming, a data type (or simply type) is a collection or grouping of data values, usually specified by a set of possible values, a set of allowed operations on these values, and/or a representation of these values as machine types. A data type specification in a program constrains the possible values that an expression, such as a variable or a function call, might take. On literal data, it tells the compiler or interpreter how the programmer intends to use the data. Most programming languages support basic data types of integer numbers (of varying sizes), floating-point numbers (which approximate real numbers), characters and Booleans.
Dai John (rugby union, born 1902)
David Evan John (1 March 1902 – 20 November 1973) was a Welsh international rugby union player.

A native of Loughor, John was an outside–half and played his rugby for Llanelly RFC, where he formed a halfback partnership with Arthur John. He debuted for Wales in their win over France at Swansea during the 1923 Five Nations and appeared sporadically until 1928, scoring three tries from a total of five caps.

Johns was a steelworks crane driver at the time of his Wales call up.

Loughor
Loughor (/ˈlʌxər/; Welsh: Casllwchwr) is a town in Swansea, Wales. Historically in Glamorgan, it lies on the estuary of the River Loughor (Welsh: Afon Llwchwr). The town has a community council under the name Llwchwr. The town is bordered by the communities of Bynea in Carmarthenshire, Grovesend, Gowerton, and Gorseinon. Loughor is part of the built-up area of Gorseinon.
Sticta parvilobata
Sticta parvilobata is a species of foliose lichen in the family Peltigeraceae. Found in Puerto Rico, it was formally described as a new species in 2020 by Joel Mercado‐Díaz and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected along a trail to Monte Guilarte in the Guilarte State Forest (Guilarte, Adjuntas), at an altitude of 1,100 m (3,600 ft). The lichen is only known to occur in high-elevation forests at this location as well as  the Toro Negro State Forest. The specific epithet parvilobata refers to the usually smaller lobes in mature specimens of this species, compared to its close relative Sticta ciliata.

Guilarte State Forest
Guilarte State Forest (Spanish: Bosque Estatal de Guilarte) is one of the 20 forests that make up the public forests system in Puerto Rico. The forest is located in the eastern half of the Central Mountain Range or Cordillera Central. The main geographical feature of the forest reserve is Monte Guilarte, which is Puerto Rico's 7th highest mountain at 3,950 feet (1,204 m) above sea level. While Monte Guilarte is located in the municipality of Adjuntas, the forest's borders also include parts of Guayanilla, Peñuelas and Yauco.
Hillary Heron
Hillary Alexandra Heron Soto (born 29 January 2004) is a Panamanian artistic gymnast. She is the 2023 South American champion and the 2021 and 2024 Pan American silver medalist on vault. She represented Panama at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

2024 Pan American Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 2024 Pan American Gymnastics Championships were an artistic gymnastics competition that took place in Santa Marta, Colombia from May 22–26.

The United States sent only junior gymnasts, the first time it had not sent a senior team since 2017.
Moray Low
Moray Low (born 28 November 1984 in Torphins, Aberdeenshire, Scotland) is a retired rugby union player.
Low's position of choice is as a Prop. He is capable of playing on both sides of the scrum.

He was called up to the Scotland squad for the 2008 Six Nations Championship, where he made his debut coming on as a second substitute for Alasdair Dickinson against France in the Stade de France.

Low was named in the Scotland squad for the 2011 Rugby World Cup but played no part in any of Scotland's four games.

It was announced on 16 February 2014 that Low will be joining English Aviva Premiership side Exeter Chiefs on a two-year deal.  He would go on to spend five years with the Chiefs reaching three Premiership Finals in that time.

In May 2019, Low announced his retirement from Rugby.  It was revealed he planned to focus on a property development business he had set up with former team-mate and Exeter Chiefs defense coach Julian Salvi.

Torphins
Torphins (/tɔːrˈfɪnz/ tor-FINZ; Scottish Gaelic: Tòrr Fionn) is a village in Royal Deeside, Aberdeenshire, Scotland which lies about 22 miles (35 km) west of Aberdeen. It is situated on the A980, about 7 miles (11 km) north-west of Banchory, and was once served by the Great North of Scotland Railway.

With a population of around 1,400, it is one of the larger villages in Deeside.
P.S. I Hate You
P.S. I Hate You (Thai: ด้วยรักและหักหลัง; RTGS: Duai Rak Lae Haklang) is a 2022 Thai television series starring Nichaphat Chatchaipholrat (Pearwah), Ployshompoo Supasap (Jan), Chayanit Chansangavej (Pat), Yongwaree Anilbol (Fah), and Sarunchana Apisamaimongkol (Aye). Based on the novel "Flower Maze" by Jinatcha Maneesriwong, the series follows a group of five women who have their secrets slowly unveiled after one of them committed suicide.

Directed by Tawan Charuchinda and produced by GMMTV together with Snap25, the series was one of the television series for 2022 showcased by GMMTV during their "BORDERLESS" event on December 1, 2021. It officially premiered on 1 August 2022, airing on Mondays and Tuesdays at 20:30 ICT on GMM25 and 22:30 ICT on Viu. The series concluded on 27 September 2022.

Viu (streaming service)
Viu (pronounced as view) is a Hong Kong-based over-the-top video on demand streaming service from PCCW Media Group's Viu International Ltd. Operated in a dual-revenue model comprising subscriptions and advertising, Viu delivers content in different genres from Asia's top content providers with local language subtitles, as well as original production series under the Viu Original initiative (similar to original programming from other services like Disney+, Amazon Prime Video and Netflix).

Viu is now available in 16 markets across Asia, Africa, Oceania and the Middle East including Australia, Bahrain, Egypt, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Jordan, Kuwait, New Zealand, Malaysia, Myanmar, Oman, Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, Thailand, and United Arab Emirates. As of December 2022, Viu had 66.4 million monthly active users, including 12.2 million paying subscribers.
Buda Godman
Buda Godman (née Helen Julia Godman; December 4, 1888 – January 7, 1945) was an American criminal, actress, and singer. From 1907 to 1910, she was married to the popular songwriter and music publisher Tell Taylor. Six years after Taylor divorced her, Godman was arrested and released on bail for participating in a scheme to blackmail a wealthy widower. Godman attempted a scheme known as a "badger game," which involved framing a victim in an embarrassing and illegal situation that resulted in a staged arrest by fake law enforcement officials. Godman posed as an unmarried woman being held against her will in a hotel room across state lines, which, if true, would have been a violation of the Mann Act. The ensuing fake arrest went awry when the victim reported the incident to authorities.

In 1932, Godman, under the name of Helen Smith, was convicted for grand larceny and sentenced to prison in New York.

USS Octans
USS Octans (AF-26) was a stores ship acquired by the United States Navy for service in World War II, named after the constellation Octans. She was responsible for delivering necessary goods and equipment to ships and stations in the war zone.

Octans (AF–26) was built as SS Ulua in 1917 by Workman Clark and Co., Ltd., Belfast; acquired by the Navy 8 May 1943 under charter through the War Shipping Administration from her owner, the United Fruit Co.; and commissioned 11 June.
Dagrocorat
Dagrocorat (developmental code names PF-00251802, PF-251802) is a nonsteroidal but steroid-like selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator (SGRM) which was under development for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis but was never marketed. It is described as a partial agonist and "dissociable" agonist of the glucocorticoid receptor. The drug reached phase I clinical trials prior to the discontinuation of its development. The C2α dihydrogen phosphate ester of dagrocorat, fosdagrocorat, was also under investigation, but its development was terminated as well.

Nonsteroidal
A nonsteroidal compound is a drug that is neither a steroid nor a steroid derivative. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are distinguished from corticosteroids as a class of anti-inflammatory agents.
The Infestation Hypothesis
"The Infestation Hypothesis" is the second episode of the fifth season of The Big Bang Theory that first aired on CBS on September 22, 2011. It is the 89th episode overall. In it, Sheldon (Jim Parsons) becomes worried when Penny (Kaley Cuoco) acquires a new chair, while Leonard (Johnny Galecki) tries to make his long distance relationship with Priya (Aarti Mann) work. The episode was watched by nearly 12 million viewers in the U.S. and received mixed reviews.

Long-distance relationship
A long-distance relationship (LDR) or long-distance romantic relationship is an intimate relationship between partners who are geographically separated from one another. Partners in LDRs face geographic separation and lack of face-to-face contact. LDRs are particularly prevalent among college students, constituting 25% to 50% of all relationships. Even though scholars have reported a significant number of LDRs in undergraduate populations, long-distance relationships continue to be an understudied phenomenon.
Cortes (politics)
Cortes (from the Latin term cohors) were political bodies of a parliamentary, consultative and deliberative character in traditional monarchies, or on their behalf; and the different social classes established in three Orders: the First Estate, which corresponded to the branch of the clergy; the Second Estate, which was the branch of the nobility; and the Third Estate, which was the branch of the people.

The designation Cortes comes from the name of the court given to each of the various audiences through which the work of the assembly was carried out. However, there are different designations for them: curia, synod, and parliament. According to Armindo de Sousa, there were as many as sixteen of these designations.

The Cortes never followed a set periodicity, depending on the socio-political conjuncture and the monarch's will, functioning by his summons.

Curia
Curia (pl.: curiae) in ancient Rome referred to one of the original groupings of the citizenry, eventually numbering 30, and later every Roman citizen was presumed to belong to one. While they originally probably had wider powers, they came to meet for only a few purposes by the end of the Republic: to confirm the election of magistrates with imperium, to witness the installation of priests, the making of wills, and to carry out certain adoptions.

The term is more broadly used to designate an assembly, council, or court, in which public, official, or religious issues are discussed and decided. Lesser curiae existed for other purposes. The word curia also came to denote the places of assembly, especially of the senate. Similar institutions existed in other towns and cities of Italy.

In medieval times, a king's council was often referred to as a curia. Today, the most famous curia is the Curia that assists the Pope in the hierarchical government of the Catholic Church.
Utarovo
Utarovo (Russian: Утарово; Bashkir: Утар, Utar) is a rural locality (a selo) in Mikhaylovsky Selsoviet, Bakalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 207 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

Bakalinsky District
Bakalinsky District (Russian: Бакали́нский райо́н; Bashkir: Баҡалы районы, Baqalı rayonı; Tatar: Бакалы районы, Baqalı rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Ilishevsky District in the northeast, Chekmagushevsky District in the east, Sharansky District in the south, and with the Republic of Tatarstan in the west and northwest. The area of the district is 1,951 square kilometers (753 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Bakaly.  As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 28,776, with the population of Bakaly accounting for 33.3% of that number.
Murder of Jalil Andrabi
Jalil Andrabi was a prominent Kashmiri human rights lawyer and pro independence political activist associated with the Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF). Andrabi was allegedly subjected to extrajudicial execution by Indian paramilitary troopers and renegades in March 1996.

On 8 March 1996, Andrabi was detained in Srinagar by Major Avtar Singh, of the 35th Rashtriya Rifles unit of the Indian Army.  Three weeks later, Andrabi's body was found floating in the Jhelum River; an autopsy showed that he had been killed days after his arrest. A case is pending adjudication in a Budgam court against Major Avtar Singh.

Jhelum River
The Jhelum River is a major river in South Asia, flowing through India and Pakistan, and is the westernmost of the five major rivers of the Punjab region. It originates at Verinag in India-administered Jammu and Kashmir, flows into Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir, and then flows through the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is a tributary of the Chenab River and has a total length of about 725 kilometres (450 mi).
Mars surface color
The surface color of the planet Mars appears reddish from a distance because of rusty atmospheric dust. From close up, it looks more of a butterscotch, and other common surface colors include golden, brown, tan, and greenish, depending on minerals.

The apparent colour of the Martian surface enabled humans to distinguish it from other planets early in human history and motivated them to weave fables of war in association with Mars. One of its earliest recorded names, Har decher, literally meant "Red One" in Egyptian. Its color may have also contributed to a malignant association in Indian astrology, as it was given the names Angaraka and Lohitanga, both reflecting the distinctively red color of Mars as seen by the naked eye.

Hindu astrology
Hindu astrology, also called Indian astrology, jyotisha (Sanskrit: ज्योतिष, romanized: jyotiṣa; from  jyót 'light, heavenly body') and, more recently, Vedic astrology, is the traditional Hindu system of astrology. It is one of the six auxiliary disciplines in Hinduism that is connected with the study of the Vedas.

The Vedanga Jyotisha is one of the earliest texts about astronomy within the Vedas. Some scholars believe that the horoscopic astrology practiced in the Indian subcontinent came from Hellenistic influences. However, this is a point of intense debate, and other scholars believe that Jyotisha developed independently, although it may have interacted with Greek astrology.

The scientific consensus is that astrology is a pseudoscience.
Jiangya Dam
The Jiangya Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the Loushui River, located 50 km (31 mi) northeast of Zhangjiajie in Hunan Province, China. The primary purpose of the multi-purpose dam is flood control but it also generates hydroelectricity, supplies water for irrigation and municipal use and improves navigation.

Shiplift
A shiplift is a modern alternative for a slipway, a floating dry dock or a graving dry dock. A shiplift is used to dry dock and launch ships. It consists of a structural platform that is lifted and lowered exactly vertically, synchronously by a number of hoists. First, the platform is lowered underwater, then the ship is floated above the support, and finally the platform with support and ship is lifted and the ship is brought to the level of the quay.
2018 United States House of Representatives elections in New Hampshire
The 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in New Hampshire were held on November 6, 2018, to elect the two U.S. representatives from the state of New Hampshire, one from each of the state's two congressional districts. The elections coincided with other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections.

Following the 2018 elections, the Democratic Party retained both of New Hampshire's House seats in Congress, and thus maintained control of New Hampshire's entire congressional delegation.

Harold F. French
Harold F. French (born November 5, 1955) is an American politician and a Republican member of the New Hampshire Senate who represented the 7th district between 2016 and 2022.

French attended Plymouth State University. French was elected to the New Hampshire Senate in 2016, defeating incumbent Democrat Andrew Hosmer. From 2014 to 2016 French was a member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives.