hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lay judges in Japan
A system for trial by jury was first introduced in 1923 under Prime Minister Katō Tomosaburō's administration. Although the system generated relatively high acquittal rates, it was rarely used, in part because it required defendants to give up their rights to appeal the factual determinations made. The system lapsed by the end of World War II. In 2009, as a part of a larger judicial reform project, laws came into force to introduce citizen participation in certain criminal trials by introducing lay judges. Lay judges comprise the majority of the judicial panel. They do not form a jury separate from the judges, as in a common law system, but participate in the trial as inquisitorial judges next to professional judges in accordance with the civil law legal tradition – similar to the French cour d'assises – who actively analyze and investigate evidence presented by the defense and prosecution.

Katō Tomosaburō
Marshal-Admiral Viscount Katō Tomosaburō (加藤 友三郎; 22 February 1861 – 24 August 1923) was a career officer in the Imperial Japanese Navy, cabinet minister, and Prime Minister of Japan from 1922 to 1923.
Supermodel Me season 5
The fifth season of Supermodel Me or (Supermodel Me: Sirens) aired in 2014, with the shooting location being moved from Hong Kong to Malaysia. The judging panel this season include Lisa Selesner, Ase Wang and Dom Lau.

This fifth season have aired, launches on Diva (Asian TV channel) and Azio TV. This season 5 was also take place in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia for the very first time in Supermodel Me show history.

This season will feature 12 contestants; two each from Japan, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea and Thailand, one each from Indonesia and Malaysia.

The prizes for this cycle were a modelling contract with Premier Model Management in London and a cash prize of S$35.000.

The winner was 26-year-old Alexandria Brouhard from South Korea.

Azio TV
Azio TV (Chinese: 年代東風), also known as Asia Plus or Xingya, is a satellite cable channel operated by Era Television in Taiwan. The station has a Taiwan-specific channel and an "Asian market" channel. which provides broadcasting through pay TV in Hong Kong, Vietnam, Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia.
Harald Klem
Harald Robert Severin Klem (21 June 1884 in Tikøb, Denmark – 24 July 1954 in Copenhagen, Denmark) was a Danish gymnast and swimmer who competed in the 1906 Intercalated Games and in the 1908 Summer Olympics.

At the 1906 Intercalated Games in Athens, he was a member of the Danish gymnastics team, which won the silver medal in the team, Swedish system event.

Two years later, he was part of the Danish team, which finished fourth in the team competition. His brother Erik Klem was a part of the same team. Harald Klem also finished fifth in his heat of 100 metre freestyle, third in his heat of 200 metre breaststroke and with a Danish 4x200 metre freestyle relay team second in his heat and did not advance in all occasions.

Swimming at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metre breaststroke
The  men's 200 metre breaststroke was one of 6 swimming events on the Swimming at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme. It was the only breaststroke event on the schedule.  1908 was the first appearance of the 200 metre breaststroke, as 1904 had seen the introduction of the stroke to Olympic competition with the 440 yard event. Each nation could enter up to 12 swimmers.
John Whitmore (surfer)
John Whitmore (30 March 1929 – 24 December 2001) pioneered the sport of surfing in South Africa.

His early career as an abalone and crayfish diver put him close to the ocean. After having read about surfing in Hawaii in the late fifties, John became so enthused by the prospect of surfing that he set off to build his own surfboards. This led to the sport of surfing being introduced in South Africa, at Muizenberg and Sea Point. Affectionately known to Capetonians as "die oom" (the uncle), Whitmore gave daily surf reports from his sea-front home bathroom window. Refer to The Endless Summer II surf film.

Abalone
Abalone (/ˈæbəloʊni/ ⓘ or /ˌæbəˈloʊni/; via Spanish abulón, from  Rumsen aulón), in singular "an abalone", are sea snails in the genus Haliotis, the only genus in the family Haliotidae. Abalone shells are distinctive for their flattened, ear-like shape, nacreous interior, and row of holes used for respiration. The flesh of abalone is widely considered to be a delicacy, and is consumed raw or cooked by a variety of cuisines. Abalone are globally distributed, with approximately 70 known species alive today. Though some species are small, the largest abalone can attain a length of 12 inches (300 mm).
50th Annual Country Music Association Awards
The 50th Annual Country Music Association Awards, commonly known as CMA 50 or the 50th CMA Awards, were held on November 2, 2016 at the Bridgestone Arena in Nashville. The ceremony recognizes some of the best country music released during the eligibility period (between July 1, 2015 and July 20, 2016). It is the eleventh ceremony to be held at the Arena, the seventeenth to be held in November and the ninth night to be co-hosted by country stars Brad Paisley and Carrie Underwood. The ceremony was directed by Paul Miller.

On the Road Again (Willie Nelson song)
"On the Road Again" (also labelled as "On the Road Again (Live)" in various album track listings) is a song written and recorded by American country music singer Willie Nelson.

The song, about life on tour, came about when the executive producer of the film Honeysuckle Rose approached Nelson about writing the song for the film's soundtrack. "On the Road Again" became Nelson's 9th Country & Western No. 1 hit overall (6th as a solo recording act) in November 1980, and became one of Nelson's most recognizable tunes. In addition, the song reached No. 20 on the Billboard Hot 100, and No. 7 on the Adult Contemporary chart. It was his biggest pop hit to that time and won him a Grammy Award for Best Country Song a year later.
Cory Wade Hindorff
Cory Wade Hindorff (born September 21, 1990) is an American model, actor, singer, songwriter and LGBTQ activist and spokesperson. He is best known for being the last eliminated on the 20th cycle of America's Next Top Model, and being the first openly gay male participant in the show.

America's Next Top Model season 20
The twentieth cycle of America's Next Top Model (subtitled as America's Next Top Model: Guys & Girls and stylized as ANTM 2.0) premiered on August 2, 2013. It was the 14th season to air on The CW. Tyra Banks, Kelly Cutrone, Bryanboy, and Rob Evans all returned as judges. As in the previous cycle, public voting was still a factor in eliminations. This was the first cycle of the show to feature male contestants. Tyra indicated in an interview that a school version called LeGore's Next Top Model (2011), inspired her to start including male contestants. The international destination for this cycle was Bali, Indonesia, the first visit in Southeast Asia since cycle 6.

The prizes for this cycle included a modeling contract with NEXT Model Management, a spread in Nylon magazine, and a US$100,000 campaign with Guess.

The winner of the competition was 19-year-old Jourdan Miller from Bend, Oregon with Marvin Cortes placing as runner up.
Heusler compound
Heusler compounds are magnetic intermetallics with face-centered cubic or body-centered tetragonal crystal structure and a composition of XYZ (half-Heuslers) or X2YZ (full-Heuslers), where X and Y are transition metals and Z is in the p-block. The term derives from the name of German mining engineer and chemist Friedrich Heusler, who studied such a compound (Cu2MnAl) in 1903. Many of these compounds exhibit properties relevant to spintronics, such as magnetoresistance, variations of the Hall effect, ferro-, antiferro-, and ferrimagnetism, half- and semimetallicity, semiconductivity with spin filter ability, superconductivity, topological band structure and are actively studied as thermoelectric materials. Their magnetism results from a double-exchange mechanism between neighboring magnetic ions. Manganese, which sits at the body centers of the cubic structure, was the magnetic ion in the first Heusler compound discovered. (See the Bethe–Slater curve for details of why this happens.)

Block (periodic table)
A block of the periodic table is a set of elements unified by the atomic orbitals their valence electrons or vacancies lie in. The term seems to have been first used by Charles Janet. Each block is named after its characteristic orbital: s-block, p-block, d-block, f-block and g-block.

The block names (s, p, d, and f) are derived from the spectroscopic notation for the value of an electron's azimuthal quantum number: sharp (0), principal (1), diffuse (2), and fundamental (3). Succeeding notations proceed in alphabetical order, as g, h, etc., though elements that would belong in such blocks have not yet been found.
Electoral district of Rous
Rous was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, created in the 1904 re-distribution of electorates following the 1903 New South Wales referendum, which required the number of members of the Legislative Assembly to be reduced from 125 to 90. It consisted of parts of Lismore and The Tweed. It was named after Rous County, between the Tweed and Richmond Rivers and Henry John Rous, who explored the rivers. In 1913, it was replaced by Byron.

1903 New South Wales referendum
A referendum concerning the reduction of the members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was put to voters on 16 December 1903, in conjunction with the 1903 federal election. The referendum was conducted on the basis of optional preferential voting. However, preferences were not counted, as an overwhelming majority voted to reduce the number of members to 90.
Babine River Corridor Provincial Park
Babine River Corridor Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located to the north of Hazelton.  The park was established by Order-in-Council in 1999 and is approximately 15,339 hectares in area.

Order in Council
An Order in Council (abbreviated as OIC in some countries) is a type of legal instrument issued by the executive branch of a government, often the head of state or their representatives, on the advice of a cabinet or council of ministers. These instruments are used in several Commonwealth realms, with equivalent instruments also found in countries with a Westminster system of government. Although the specifics vary by country, Orders in Council typically allow the executive to make formal decisions or regulations without enacting new legislation.
A House to Let
A House to Let is a novella written as collaborative fiction by Charles Dickens, Wilkie Collins, Elizabeth Gaskell and Adelaide Anne Procter. It was originally published in 1858 in the Christmas edition of Dickens's Household Words magazine. Collins wrote the introduction and collaborated with Dickens on the second story and ending, while Gaskell and Proctor wrote the third and fifth chapters respectively.

Collaborative fiction
Collaborative fiction is a form of writing by a group of authors who share creative control of a story.

Collaborative fiction can occur for commercial gain, as part of education, or recreationally – many collaboratively written works have been the subject of a large degree of academic research.
Caverna High School
Caverna High School is a small public high school located in Horse Cave, Kentucky, United States. Built in 1950, the school is operated by the Caverna Independent Schools, one of only a handful of school districts in Kentucky that are known to operate across county lines (the others being in Burgin and Eminence, cities near a county line whose districts include a small amount of territory in the nearby county, and Corbin, a city that straddles a county line). In 1950, Horse Cave, located in Hart County; Cave City, in Barren County; and the Kentucky Board of Education held a meeting that approved the union of the two districts because of the low student numbers in both school systems. The actual construction of the new school did not start until 1951. Originally the school was going to be named, "Caberma." However, it was decided to stay with the name "Caverna."

Corbin, Kentucky
Corbin is a home rule-class city in Whitley, Knox and Laurel counties in the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 7,856.

Corbin is on Interstate 75 and US Route 25W, about halfway between Knoxville, Tennessee, and Lexington, Kentucky.
LOCAD
The Lab-on-a-Chip Applications Development (LOCAD) element is a set of related lab-on-a-chip projects at NASA. The projects develop integrated lab-on-a-chip products in three areas related to space exploration: Environmental Control and Life Systems Support (ECLSS), Medical Systems, and Remote Exploration. NASA conducts activities related to these projects both at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center and aboard the International Space Station (ISS).

Lab-on-a-chip
A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a device that integrates one or several laboratory functions on a single integrated circuit (commonly called a "chip") of only millimeters to a few square centimeters to achieve automation and high-throughput screening. LOCs can handle extremely small fluid volumes down to less than pico-liters. Lab-on-a-chip devices are a subset of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices and sometimes called "micro total analysis systems" (μTAS). LOCs may use microfluidics, the physics, manipulation and study of minute amounts of fluids. However, strictly regarded "lab-on-a-chip" indicates generally the scaling of single or multiple lab processes down to chip-format, whereas "μTAS" is dedicated to the integration of the total sequence of lab processes to perform chemical analysis.
Garwa Road Junction railway station
Garhwa Road Junction railway station (station code: GHD) is a railway station located in Rehla,Palamu district, Jharkhand, India, some 10 km (6.2 mi) from the town of Garhwa. It belongs to East Central Railway. All major express , mail express and passenger trains stop here.

Three rail section originate from the Garhwa Road Junction :

Garhwa Road - Sone Nagar rail section

Garhwa Road - Barkakana rail section

Garhwa Road - Chopan rail section

Garhwa
Garhwa is a city and municipality in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It serves as the administrative headquarters of Garhwa district. Due to its proximity to the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Chhattisgarh, Garhwa functions as an important regional hub for transportation and trade. The nearby Garhwa Road (Rehla) railway junction connects the region to major Indian cities such as Delhi and Kolkata. The city also offers regular bus services to Ranchi, Ambikapur, Gaya, Varanasi, Patna, and other urban centers.
Cliff Young (athlete)
Albert Ernest Clifford Young OAM (8 February 1922 – 2 November 2003) was an Australian athlete from Beech Forest, Victoria. A farmer, he became notable for his unexpected win of the inaugural Sydney to Melbourne Ultramarathon in 1983 at 61 years of age.

Athlete
An athlete is most commonly a person who competes in one or more sports involving physical strength, speed, power, or endurance. Sometimes the word "athlete" is used to refer specifically to sport of athletics competitors, i.e. including track and field and marathon runners but excluding e.g. swimmers, footballers or basketball players. However, in other contexts (mainly in the United States) it is used to refer to all athletics (physical culture) participants of any sport. For the latter definition, the word sportsperson or the gendered sportsman or sportswoman are also used. A third definition is also sometimes used, meaning anyone who is physically fit regardless of whether they compete in a sport.

Athletes may be professionals or amateurs. Most professional athletes have particularly well-developed physiques obtained by extensive physical training and strict exercise, accompanied by a strict dietary regimen.
Jacky Martens
Jacky Martens (born 3 July 1963) is a Belgian former professional motocross racer and current race team manager. He competed in the Motocross World Championships from 1979 to 1997. Martens is notable for winning the 1993 F.I.M. 500cc motocross world championship.

KTM
KTM AG (German pronunciation: [kˌɑːtˌeːˈɛm]) is an Austrian motorcycle, bicycle and motorsports brand. It traces its foundation to 1934 as Kronreif & Trunkenpolz Mattighofen. Today, Bajaj Mobility AG (formerly Pierer Mobility AG) operates as the manufacturer of KTM-branded motorcycles, and KTM Fahrrad GmbH operates as the manufacturer of KTM-branded bicycles.

KTM is known for its off-road motorcycles and as a reputed MotoGP constructor.

In November 2025, it was announced that Bajaj Auto had completed the acquisition of a controlling stake in KTM for €800 million, increasing its indirect holding to approximately 75%.
Mill Brook (Swift River tributary)
Mill Brook is a 10.7-mile-long (17.2 km) stream in the White Mountains of New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the southern Swift River, part of the Bearcamp River / Ossipee Lake / Saco River watershed leading to the Atlantic Ocean.

Mill Brook rises on the southern slopes of Mount Whiteface in the town of Sandwich and flows southeast into Tamworth. The brook reaches the Swift River just east of the village of Whittier.

Ossipee Lake
Ossipee Lake is located in Carroll County in eastern New Hampshire, in the communities of Ossipee and Freedom. At 3,257 acres (1,318 ha), it is the sixth-largest lake located entirely in New Hampshire. The lake is fed by the West Branch (entering from the north), the Bearcamp and Lovell rivers (entering from the west), and the Pine River (from the south). Water leaves the eastern end of the lake via the Ossipee River, flowing to the Saco River in Maine.

Ossipee Lake is a popular vacation site. The land surrounding the lake is home to numerous condo, cabin, and lake house developments.  As in most lakes regions, some buildings are available for vacation rentals, and many of the developments have private beaches.

The lake is classified as a cold- and warmwater fishery, with observed species including rainbow trout, lake trout, land-locked salmon, smallmouth and largemouth bass, chain pickerel, yellow perch, white perch, sunfish, and brown bullhead.
Integrated Encryption Scheme
Integrated Encryption Scheme (IES) is a hybrid encryption scheme which provides semantic security against an adversary who is able to use chosen-plaintext or chosen-ciphertext attacks. The security of the scheme is based on the computational Diffie–Hellman problem.
Two variants of IES are specified: Discrete Logarithm Integrated Encryption Scheme (DLIES) and Elliptic Curve Integrated Encryption Scheme (ECIES), which is also known as the Elliptic Curve Augmented Encryption Scheme or simply the Elliptic Curve Encryption Scheme. These two variants are identical up to the change of an underlying group.

Diffie–Hellman problem
The Diffie–Hellman problem (DHP) is a mathematical problem first proposed by Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman in the context of cryptography and serves as the theoretical basis of the Diffie–Hellman key exchange and its derivatives. The motivation for this problem is that many security systems use one-way functions: mathematical operations that are fast to compute, but hard to reverse. For example, they enable encrypting a message, but reversing the encryption is difficult. If solving the DHP were easy, these systems would be easily broken.
Christina Schultz
Christina Schultz (born 10 November 1969) was a  German volleyball player. She was part of the Germany women's national volleyball team.

She competed with the national team at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, finishing 6th.

Volleyball at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament
The 2000 women's Olympic volleyball tournament was the tenth edition of the event, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB in conjunction with the International Olympic Committee. It was held from 16 to 30 September 2000 in the Sydney Entertainment Centre in Darling Harbour.
Karim al-Din Karaman
Karim al-Dīn Ḳarāmān Beg was a Turkoman chieftain who ruled the Karamanids in the 13th century. Ḳarāmān Beg's emergence coincides with the defeat of the Sultanate of Rum by the Mongol Empire in 1256 and the tension between Kaykaus I and his rival brother Kilij Arslan IV, which allowed local lords living along the boundaries of the state to exercise some autonomy.

Ermenek
Ermenek is a town in Karaman Province in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. It is the seat of Ermenek District. Its population is 11,629 (2022). As ancient Germanicopolis (in Isauria; has namesakes), a former bishopric, it remains a Latin Catholic titular see.
Zavarak, Babol
Zavarak (Persian: زوارك, also Romanized as Zavārak) is a village in Sajjadrud Rural District, Bandpey-ye Sharqi District, Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 36, in 9 families.

Historical accounts suggest that many Georgians migrated to Mazandaran, settling in areas such as Bandpey and Ashraf ol Belad (modern-day Behshahr). It is speculated that Siyâvash may have been buried in Zavarak, a district of Bandpey in Mazandaran, where ceremonies honoring Siyâvash, the legendary hero of Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh, were historically held. This site, known as Siyâvashon or Sovashon, warrants further research to establish any connection, as no conclusive evidence has yet been found.

In the Zavarak district near the Sovashon temple, another notable figure, Nur-Ali Khan, a painter renowned in his own time, was also buried. He died around 1780.

Babol County
Babol County(Persian: شهرستان بابل) is the most populous county in Mazandaran province and the second most populous county in northern Iran. The capital of the county is the city of Babol. Babol County consists of six districts, seven cities, and nearly 700 villages.

The elevation of the city of Babol is 2 meters below sea level, making it the "lowest" city in Mazandaran province. The elevation in the county, from the north to 10 kilometers south, is below sea level. The city of Babol is divided into two urban areas. The population of Babol in 2016 was 250,217, and that of Babol County 531,930.
Ian Stark
Ian David Stark, OBE (born 22 February 1954) is a retired Scottish equestrian who competed in the sport of eventing.  Stark was born in Galashiels in the Borders in 1954 and began riding horses at the age of 10.

Stark was inducted into the Scottish Sports Hall of Fame in March 2010.

Galashiels
Galashiels, (/ˌɡæləˈʃiːlz/; Scots: Gallae; Scottish Gaelic: An Geal Àth) colloquially known as Gala, is a town in the Scottish Borders with a population of around 10,060. The town is a major commercial centre for the Borders region with extensive history in the textile industry. Galashiels is the location of Heriot-Watt University's School of Textiles and Design.
Derrick Hatchett
Derrick Kingston Hatchett (born August 14, 1958) is an American former professional football player who was a cornerback in the National Football League (NFL). He was a member of the Baltimore Colts from 1980 to 1983 and the Houston Oilers in 1983. He was released from the Colts and later signed with the Oilers after stating that he was punched by head coach Frank Kush, which the coach denied and threatened to sue in response.

Baltimore Colts
The Baltimore Colts were a professional American football team based in Baltimore from 1953 to 1983, when its owner Robert Irsay moved the franchise to Indianapolis. The team was named for Baltimore's history of horse breeding and racing. It was the second incarnation of the Baltimore Colts, the first having played for three years in the All-America Football Conference and one in the National Football League (NFL). The Baltimore Colts played their home games at Memorial Stadium.