hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Oldcastle
Sir John Oldcastle (died 14 December 1417) was an English Lollard leader. From 1409 to 1413, he was summoned to parliament as Baron Cobham, in the right of his wife.

Being a friend of Henry V, he long escaped prosecution for heresy. When convicted, he escaped from the Tower of London and then led a rebellion against the King. Eventually, he was captured and executed in London. He formed the basis (alongside Sir John Fastolf) for William Shakespeare's character John Falstaff, who was originally called John Oldcastle.

Jure uxoris
Jure uxoris (iure uxoris; a Latin phrase meaning "by right of (his) wife") describes a title of nobility used by a man because his wife holds the office or title suo jure ("in her own right"). Similarly, the husband of an heiress could become the legal possessor of her lands. For example, married women in England and Wales were legally prohibited from owning real estate until the Married Women's Property Act 1882.
Connors Park
Connors Park is a baseball venue in Loudonville, New York, United States.  It is home to the Siena Saints baseball team of the NCAA Division I Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference.  The field has been home to Siena's baseball program since its inception in the 1950s.  It seats 500 spectators.  Features include chairback seating, a team clubhouse, and brick dugouts.  Plassman Hall, a Siena dormitory, is visible beyond the center field fence, while J. Spencer and Patricia Standish Library stands beyond the right field fence.

Dormitory
A dormitory (originated from the Latin word dormitorium, often abbreviated to dorm,) is a room that sleeps multiple people. It may also refer (in the US) to a building primarily providing sleeping and residential quarters for large numbers of people such as student accommodation for university or college students,  or, with reference to military personnel, a barracks.

A building providing sleeping and residential quarters for large numbers of people may also be called a house (members of a religious community or pupils at a boarding school), or a hostel (students, workers or travelers).
Gandzasar monastery
Gandzasar (Armenian: Գանձասար) is a 13th-century Armenian Apostolic cathedral (historically a monastery) near the village of Vank, in the region of Nagorno-Karabakh, Azerbaijan. It has historically been the most important church of Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh) since its foundation. One of the finest pieces of Armenian architecture of the mid-1200s, the building is best known among scholars for its richly decorated dome.

In Azerbaijan, where it is referred to as "Ganjasar" (Azerbaijani: Gəncəsər), the history of the monastery is falsified. Azerbaijan authorities deny its Armenian heritage and instead call it a "Caucasian Albanian temple."

Pargev Martirosyan
Archbishop Pargev Martirosyan (Armenian: Պարգև արքեպիսկոպոս Մարտիրոսյան; born 20 March 1954) is an Armenian clergyman who served as the Primate of the Diocese of Artsakh of the Armenian Apostolic Church from the re-establishment of the diocese in 1989 until 2021. He retired from his post in January 2021 and was appointed Pontifical envoy-at-large by Karekin II, Catholicos of All Armenians.
Tyne Bridge
The Tyne Bridge is a through arch bridge over the River Tyne in North East England, linking Newcastle upon Tyne and Gateshead. The bridge was designed by the engineering firm Mott, Hay and Anderson, who later designed the Forth Road Bridge, and was built by Dorman Long and Co. of Middlesbrough. The bridge was officially opened on 10 October 1928 by King George V and has since become a defining symbol of Tyneside. It is ranked as the tenth tallest structure in Newcastle.

North East England
North East England, often referred to as simply the North East within England, is one of nine official regions of England. It consists of County Durham, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear and part of North Yorkshire. With 2.6 million residents in 2022, it is the least populous region of England. Its largest settlements include Newcastle upon Tyne, Sunderland, Middlesbrough, Gateshead, Darlington and Hartlepool. The North East is covered by two mayoral combined authorities: North East Combined Authority and Tees Valley Combined Authority. It is one of three regions, the other two being North West England and Yorkshire and the Humber, that make up Northern England.
2018 Cure Bowl
The 2018 Cure Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 15, 2018, with kickoff scheduled for 1:30 p.m. EST. It was the fourth edition of the Cure Bowl, and one of the 2018–19 bowl games concluding the 2018 FBS football season. Sponsored by automotive retailer AutoNation, the game was officially known as the AutoNation Cure Bowl.

AutoNation
AutoNation, Inc. is an American automotive retailer based in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, which provides new and pre-owned vehicles and associated services in the United States. The company was founded by Wayne Huizenga in 1996, starting with twelve AutoNation locations, and now has more than 300 retail outlets.

AutoNation continued growing by acquiring other companies in the car rental business such as National Car Rental, Spirit Rent-A-Car, Value Rent-A-Car, Snappy Car Rental and more.

In 2011, AutoNation was the first auto retailer in the United States to sell a total of 8 million vehicles.
Proporus carolinensis
Proporus carolinensis is a species of acoel in the family Proporidae. It grows to a maximum length of 0.1 cm(or 1 mm). It lives in the western-central Atlantic (in areas near Belize and North Carolina), in sea sand, inlet areas, and subtidal areas.

Inlet
An inlet is a typically long and narrow indentation of a shoreline such as a small arm, cove, bay, sound, fjord, lagoon or marsh, that leads to an enclosed larger body of water such as a lake, estuary, gulf or marginal sea.
No Gods No Masters
No Gods No Masters is the seventh studio album by American rock band Garbage. It was released on June 11, 2021, through the band's own label Stunvolume. The album was distributed worldwide by Infectious Music and BMG and preceded by the singles "The Men Who Rule the World", "No Gods No Masters" and "Wolves".

"This is our seventh record, the significant numerology of which affected the DNA of its content: the seven virtues, the seven sorrows, and the seven deadly sins," singer Shirley Manson explained, describing No Gods No Masters as "a critique of the rise of capitalist short-sightedness, racism, sexism and misogyny across the world."

Numerology
Numerology (known before the 20th century as arithmancy) is the belief in an occult, divine or mystical relationship between a number and metaphysical phenomena or ideas. It is also the study of the numerical value, via an alphanumeric system, of the letters in words and names (e.g. gematria). When numerology is applied to a person's name, it is a form of onomancy. It is often associated with astrology and other divinatory arts.

Number symbolism is an ancient and pervasive aspect of human thought, deeply intertwined with religion, philosophy, mysticism, and mathematics. Different cultures and traditions have assigned specific meanings to numbers, often linking them to divine principles, cosmic forces, or natural patterns.
Suh Yun-bok
Suh Yun-bok (9 January 1923 – 27 June 2017) was a South Korean marathoner, who is best known as the winner of the 1947 Boston Marathon.

He won the race with a world best time of 2:25:39 under the coach Sohn Kee-chung, the Korean winner of the marathon at the 1936 Berlin Olympics. His participation in the Boston Marathon was financed by donations from servicemen in the United States Forces Korea. His win was the first time a world best for the men's marathon was set at the Boston Marathon. The previous world best was set by his coach Sohn in Tokyo, Japan in 1935.

In 1948, one year after the Boston victory, Suh competed in the marathon at the 1948 Summer Olympics held in London. He retired in 1949.

Marathon world record progression
World records in the marathon are ratified by World Athletics, the international governing body for the sport of athletics.

Kenyan athlete Kelvin Kiptum set a men's world record time of 2:00:35 on October 8, 2023, at the 2023 Chicago Marathon, a mixed-sex race.

Kenyan athlete Ruth Chepng'etich broke the women's world record with a time of 2:09:56 on October 13, 2024, at the 2024 Chicago Marathon, a mixed-sex race.

In addition to the standard women's marathon world record, World Athletics also recognizes a second world record for women in the "Women Only" category, meaning that the marathon was run on a course without any male athletes in the competition. The current "Women Only" record of 2:15:50 was set by Tigst Assefa on April 27, 2025, at the London Marathon in the elite women's race.
Flora and fauna of Honduras
The flora and fauna of Honduras reflects the country's geographical location inside the tropics. This has allowed for diverse species of plants and animals to be adapted, but some of them are now in danger of extinction. This has posed the Honduran government, offices and nature organizations to look after the protection of the local environment, like the creation of nature reserves.

Amazonian black-throated trogon
The Amazonian black-throated trogon (Trogon rufus) is a bird in the family Trogonidae, the trogons and quetzals. Although it has also been called "yellow-bellied trogon" it is not the only trogon with a yellow belly (such a description would apply to the Black-headed trogon, or the Citreoline trogon as well). It is found in every mainland South American country except Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
Abessive case
In linguistics, abessive (abbreviated ABE or ABESS), caritive (abbreviated CAR) and privative (abbreviated PRIV) is the grammatical case expressing the lack or absence of the marked noun. In English, the corresponding function is expressed by the preposition without or by the suffix -less.

The name abessive is derived from abesse "to be away/absent", and is especially used in reference to Uralic languages. The name caritive is derived from Latin: carere "to lack", and is especially used in reference to Caucasian languages. The name privative is derived from Latin: privare "to deprive".

Verbal noun
Historically, grammarians have described a verbal noun or gerundial noun as a verb form that functions as a noun. An example of a verbal noun in English is 'sacking' as in the sentence "The sacking of the city was an epochal event" (wherein sacking is a gerund form of the verb sack).

A verbal noun, as a type of nonfinite verb form, is a term that some grammarians still use when referring to gerunds, gerundives, supines, and nominal forms of infinitives. In English however, verbal noun has  most frequently been treated as a synonym for gerund.

Aside from English, the term verbal noun may apply to:

the citation form of verbs such as the masdar in Arabic and the verbal noun (berfenw) in Welsh

declinable verb forms in Mongolian that can serve as predicates, comparable to participles but with a larger area of syntactic use
Black Forest (2013 film)
Black Forest is a 2013 Indian Malayalam-language children's film directed by Joshy Mathew and produced by Baby Mathew Somatheeram. The film stars Manoj K. Jayan,Meera Nandan, Ashokan, Baiju Santhosh, Krishna Prasad, Kalabhavan Shajon, Master Akash, Baby Parvathy and Dinesh Nair in lead roles.

Children's film
A children's film, or family film, is a film genre that generally relates to children in the context of home and family. Children's films are made specifically for children and not necessarily for a general audience, while family films are made for a wider appeal with a general audience in mind. Children's films come in several major genres like realism, fantasy, adventure, war, musicals, comedy, and literary adaptations.
War Chamber
MLW War Chamber is a professional wrestling supercard event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW) that was first held on September 7, 2019. The event serves as a successor and replacement for MLW WarGames, after WWE acquired the rights to the trademarks of the namesake WarGames match in 2019.

The first event served as a television taping for MLW Fusion, while the second event was taped for the MLW Fusion: Alpha miniseries, and the third event was taped for MLW Underground Wrestling.

Card (sports)
In sports, a card lists the matches taking place in a title match combat-sport event. Cards include a main event match and the undercard listing the rest of the matches. The undercard may be divided into a midcard and a lower card, according to the perceived importance of the matches.  Promoters schedule matches to occur in ascending order of importance.
Waltz in E minor (Chopin)
The Waltz in E minor is a waltz for solo piano by Frédéric Chopin. It was composed circa 1830 and published in May 1851.

It was the first of Chopin's posthumously published waltzes not to be given an opus number. It was composed shortly before Chopin left Poland at the age of 20. Although this is the final (fourteenth) waltz in the older editions of Chopin (other waltzes being included in more recent editions), it is believed to have been composed before any of the waltzes published in Chopin's lifetime.

In a typical performance, this waltz lasts just under three minutes.

In 1956, Jerome Robbins choreographed his ballet The Concert (or, The Perils of Everybody) which uses, among other works by Chopin, the Waltz in E minor for the portion known as the "Mistake Waltz".

Waltz (music)
A waltz, probably deriving from German Ländler, is dance music in triple metre, often written in 34 time. A waltz typically sounds one chord per measure, and the accompaniment style particularly associated with the waltz is (as seen in the example to the right) to play the root of the chord on the first beat, the upper notes on the second and third beats.
Ludwig Barth zu Barthenau
Ludwig Barth zu Barthenau (17 January 1839 – 3 August 1890) was an Austrian chemist born in Rovereto.

He studied under Justus von Liebig (1803-1873) in Munich, and in 1867 was appointed professor of chemistry at the University of Innsbruck. In 1876 he succeeded Heinrich Hlasiwetz (1825-1875) as professor of chemistry at the University of Vienna.

He is remembered for his studies of benzol derivatives, and is credited with the discovery of resorcinol. With Adolf Lieben (1836-1914) he founded the journal Monatshefte für Chemie.

Adolf Lieben
Adolf Lieben (3 December 1836 – 6 June 1914) was an Austrian-Jewish chemist.  He was born in Vienna the son of Ignatz Lieben. He studied at the University of Vienna, University of Heidelberg (Ph.D. 1856 with Robert Wilhelm Bunsen), and Paris, and subsequently held the positions of privat-docent at the University of Vienna (1861), and professor in the universities of Palermo (1863), Turin (1867), and Prague (1871). From 1875 until his death he held the chair of general and pharmacological chemistry at the University of Vienna, and was a member of the Vienna Academy of Sciences.
Office of Intelligence Support
The Office of Intelligence Support (OIS) is a United States government intelligence agency, part of the Department of the Treasury. It is tasked with analyzing worldwide financial activity and collecting information on the movement of technology and weapons.

Intelligence agency
An intelligence agency is a government agency operating as a secret service responsible for the collection, analysis, and exploitation of information in support of law enforcement, national security, military, public safety, and foreign policy objectives.

Means of information gathering are both overt and covert and may include espionage, communication interception, cryptanalysis, cooperation with other institutions, and evaluation of public sources. The assembly and propagation of this information is known as intelligence analysis or intelligence assessment.
TGT Oil and Gas Services
TGT Diagnostics is a downhole logging and diagnostics company for energy production and storage. The company is headquartered in Abu Dhabi, UAE with a worldwide presence and operation in all the continents. With offices in the United States, United Kingdom, Norway, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Oman, Malaysia and Australia, TGT has served its clients in North and South America, across Europe, North and Sub-Saharan Africa, all of Middle East, Central, South and Southeast Asia and Australia.

The company creates products and technology that diagnose Reservoir Performance and Well Integrity throughout the well system, from the wellbore to the reservoir.

Borehole
A borehole is a narrow shaft bored in the ground, either vertically or horizontally. A borehole may be constructed for many different purposes, including the extraction of water (drilled water well and tube well), other liquids (such as petroleum), or gases (such as natural gas). It may also be part of a geotechnical investigation, environmental site assessment, mineral exploration, temperature measurement, as a pilot hole for installing piers or underground utilities, for geothermal installations, or for underground storage of unwanted substances, e.g. in carbon capture and storage.
American Music Awards of 2003 (January)
The 30th Annual American Music Awards were held on January 13, 2003, at the Shrine Auditorium, in Los Angeles, California. The awards recognized the most popular artists and albums from the year 2002.

All nominees are listed below, and the winners are listed in bold.

Shrine Auditorium and Expo Hall
The Shrine Auditorium is a landmark large-event venue in Los Angeles, California. It is also the headquarters of the Al Malaikah Temple, a division of the Shriners. It was designated a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument (No. 139) in 1975, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.
Clifford Wilcock
Group Captain Clifford Arthur Bowman Wilcock, OBE, AFC, FRAeS (28 April 1898 – 14 January 1962) was a British engineer, company director and politician who is noted for his contributions to civil and military aviation.

Group captain
Group captain (Gp Capt or G/C) is a senior officer rank used by some air forces, with origins from the Royal Air Force. The rank is used by air forces of many countries that have historical British influence.

Group captain is immediately senior to wing commander and immediately below air commodore. It is equivalent to the rank of captain in the navy and of colonel in other services.

The equivalent rank in the Women's Auxiliary Air Force, Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force, Women's Royal Air Force (until 1968) and Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service (until 1980) was "group officer".
Glenamaddy
Glenamaddy, or Glennamaddy (Irish: Gleann na Madadh), is a small town in County Galway, Ireland. 50 km north-east of Galway city, it lies at the crossroads of the R362 and R364 roads. Glenamaddy became a musical focal point in Connacht during the 1960s during the showband era.

To the east of the town lies Loch Lurgeen, a raised bog.  The origins of the parish lie in the village of Boyounagh, which lies to the northwest of Glenamaddy.

Irish showband
The Irish showband (Irish: seó-bhanna) was a dance band format popular in Ireland from the 1950s to the 1980s, with its peak in the 1960s. These bands typically had seven to ten members, including a rhythm section and a brass section with various combinations of trumpet, saxophone, and trombone, and were fronted by lead singers. Some included comedy skits in their shows. Their repertoire included rock and roll, country and western, Dixieland jazz, big band tunes, Irish Céilí dances, Latin, folk, and more. Showbands were noted for the energy they brought to live performances, their chart-topping covers, and sometimes choreographed performances. Many such bands toured in Ireland, and some of the successful ones later performed in Britain, the US, Canada, on the German nightclub circuit, and on U.S. military bases in Europe.
Georg Schaltenbrand
Georges Schaltenbrand (26 November 1897 – 24 October 1979 ) was a German neurologist known for his work on the organization and diagnostics of the motor system, to the physiology and pathology of the cerebrospinal fluid, and to multiple sclerosis. He coauthored an influential textbook and atlas on stereotaxy and he also published some unethical experiments performed in Nazi Germany.

Stereotaxy
Stereotaxy (from stereo meaning "solidity", and tactile meaning "touch") refers to any technique that involves the recording and reproduction of three-dimensional haptic information or creating an illusion of depth to the sense of touch within an otherwise-flat surface. Unlike the current trend in haptic technology to provide haptic perception of simulated, virtual objects within an  augmented-reality (that is, within a mostly-realistic) setting, stereohapty, which, when applied as a field of study, is known as stereohaptics or stereotactics, stereotaxy aims to provide an illusion of three-dimensional depth to the sense of touch by the human body. This resembles how stereoscopy, its visual counterpart, is meant to provide a visual illusion of depth to otherwise-flat images (such as 3-D films), a process known as stereopsis.
Fort of Greta (Horta)
The Fort of Greta (also referred to as the Castelo da Greta, Forte da Guia or Forte da Nossa Senhora da Guia da Horta, respectively: Castle of Greta, Fort of Greta or Fort of Our Lady of the Guide) is a fortification, whose remnants are located on the cinder cone of Monte da Guia, along the southern coast of the civil parish of Angústias, in Horta, island of Faial, in the Portuguese Azores.

Horta, Azores
Horta, officially the Very Loyal City of Horta, is a city in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores encompassing the island of Faial, being coterminous with the Horta Municipality (Município da Horta). The population in 2011 was 15,038 in an area of 173.06 square kilometres (66.82 mi2). The city of Horta itself has a population of about 7,000.

Horta's marina is a primary stop for yachts crossing the Atlantic Ocean, and its walls and walkways are covered with paintings created by visitors noting the names of their vessels, crews, and the years they visited. Peter's Cafe Sport is a bar located across from the marina that houses the island's scrimshaw museum, a collection of artifacts carved from whale tooth and jawbone. Peter's is a point of reference for transatlantic yachters and sailors.

The Legislative Assembly of the Azores is located in Horta, making it Azores' legislative capital.
2004 Tasman Sea earthquake
In the early morning hours of Friday 24 December 2004, a moment magnitude 8.1 earthquake struck a remote area of the southern Tasman Sea. Its epicentre was located roughly 360 km (224 mi) northwest of the Auckland Islands of New Zealand, and roughly 600 km (373 mi) north of Macquarie Island of Australia. Shaking was reportedly felt as far as Tasmania and the South Island. The event was a complex intraplate earthquake within the Australian plate, which generated a small tsunami.

Tasman Sea
The Tasman Sea is a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean, situated between Australia and New Zealand. It measures about 2,000 km (1,200 mi) across and about 2,800 km (1,700 mi) from north to south. The sea was named after the Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman, who in 1642 was the first known European to cross it. British explorer Lieutenant James Cook later extensively navigated the Tasman Sea in the 1770s during his three voyages of exploration.

The Māori people of New Zealand call this sea Te Moana-a-Rehua meaning 'the sea of Rehua' which clashes with the Pacific waters named Te Tai-o-Whitirea ('the sea of Whitirea') – after Whitirea, Rehua's lover – at Cape Reinga, the northernmost tip of North Island.