hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Claude Lemaréchal
Claude Lemaréchal is a French applied mathematician, and former senior researcher (directeur de recherche) at INRIA near Grenoble, France.

In mathematical optimization, Claude Lemaréchal is known for his work in numerical methods for  nonlinear optimization, especially for problems with nondifferentiable kinks. Lemaréchal and Philip Wolfe pioneered bundle methods of descent for convex minimization.

Convex conjugate
In mathematics and mathematical optimization, the convex conjugate of a function is a generalization of the Legendre transformation which applies to non-convex functions. It is also known as Legendre–Fenchel transformation, Fenchel transformation, or Fenchel conjugate (after Adrien-Marie Legendre and Werner Fenchel).  The convex conjugate is widely used for constructing the dual problem in optimization theory, thus generalizing Lagrangian duality.
Hostafrancs
Hostafrancs is a neighbourhood in the Sants-Montjuïc district of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

Originally the land of the neighbourhood belonged to the former municipality of Santa Maria de Sants, the current district. In 1839 the Provincial Council was to disassociate the sector was the Pont d'en Rabassa Cross to cover for him in Barcelona.

The Hostafrancs metro station, on Barcelona Metro line L1, is located in the middle of the neighbourhood. The Plaça d'Espanya, along with the Espanya metro and railway station, lies on the eastern edge of the neighbourhood. Barcelona's main Sants railway station is just outside the neighbourhood, to the north.

Plaça d'Espanya station
Plaça d'Espanya, also simply known as Espanya, is an interchange complex underneath Plaça d'Espanya, in the Barcelona district of Sants-Montjuïc, in Catalonia, Spain. It comprises the Barcelona terminus of the Llobregat–Anoia Line and a Barcelona Metro station complex served by lines 1 (L1) and 3 (L3). On the L1, the station is between Hostafrancs and Rocafort, and on the L3 it is between Poble Sec and Tarragona. The Llobregat–Anoia Line station is served by Barcelona Metro line 8 (L8), Baix Llobregat Metro lines S33, S4 and S8, and commuter rail lines R5, R6, R50 and R60. The services on the Llobregat–Anoia Line (including the L8) are operated by Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (FGC), whilst the L1 and L3 are operated by Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (TMB).
Defying Ocean's End
Defying Ocean's End (DOE) is a global agenda for action in marine conservation compiled in a 2004 Island Press book. It is also the title of a 2003 Los Cabos (Mexico) conference, where the agenda was formulated.

The DOE website describes itself as "a practical agenda of action to safeguard the ocean for future generations to come. This dynamic strategy-including costs and recommendations-is a collective voice for those seeking to reverse the disturbing trends we are witnessing in the ocean today. As never again, we have an opportunity now to respond to this crisis, by moving beyond localized and ad hoc initiatives - however good they might be - to coordinated global action."

The website also lists a "DOE Office" charged with distributing the agenda. The office is composed of Dr. Sylvia Earle, Arlo Hemphill, Tim Noviello and Linda K. Glover:.

Gordon Moore
Gordon Earle Moore (January 3, 1929 – March 24, 2023) was an American businessman, scientist, engineer, and the co-founder and emeritus chairman of Intel Corporation. He proposed Moore's law, which makes the observation that the number of transistors in an integrated circuit (IC) doubles about every two years.
Katoomba Christian Convention
Katoomba Christian Convention (KCC) is an interdenominational ministry providing evangelical Bible preaching to Christians.
Conventions are held in KCC's 2300 seat auditorium at Katoomba, in the Blue Mountains approximately 100 km (62 mi) west of the Central Business District of Sydney, Australia.

As of 2025 present there are five conventions (many of them run over multiple identical weekends).

The site also hosts the annual CMS Summer School, organised by the Church Missionary Society which draws close to 3000 people a day during the first week of January.

Katoomba
Katoomba is the main town and council seat of the City of Blue Mountains in New South Wales, Australia, and is the administrative centre of Blue Mountains City Council.

Situated on the Great Western Highway and the Great Western Railway, Katoomba is home to the Three Sisters, 102 km (63 mi) by road west of Sydney Central Business District and 39 km (24 mi) south-east of Lithgow. Katoomba railway station serves the town. Katoomba is located on the lands of the Dharug and Gundungurra Aboriginal peoples.

Katoomba is a base for bush and nature walks in the surrounding Blue Mountains. At the 2021 census, Katoomba had a population of 8,268 people.
Anguthimri language
Anguthimri (Jupangati, Angadimi) is an extinct Paman language formerly spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, by the Anguthimri people who lived in the area from the mouth of the Mission River north to Pennefather River and west to Duyfken Point. It is unknown when it became extinct.

Cape York Peninsula
The Cape York Peninsula is located in Far North Queensland, Australia. It is the largest wilderness in northern Australia. The land is mostly flat and about half of the area is used for grazing cattle. The relatively undisturbed eucalyptus-wooded savannahs, tropical rainforests and other types of habitat are now recognised and preserved for their global environmental significance. Although much of the peninsula remains pristine, with a diverse repertoire of endemic flora and fauna, some of its wildlife may be threatened by industry and overgrazing as well as introduced species and weeds.

The northernmost point of the peninsula is Cape York.
The land has been occupied by a number of Aboriginal Australian peoples for tens of thousands of years. In 1606, Dutch sailor Willem Janszoon on board the Duyfken was the first European to land in Australia, reaching the Cape York Peninsula.
KM-8 Gran
KM-8 Gran, (КМ-8 "Грань" - "Borderline"), is a Russian 120mm guided mortar weapon system. It uses the Malakhit semi-active laser guidance fire control system to perform top attacks, and is able to attack moving and stationary targets.

Several mortars using this system can fire simultaneously without interfering with each other. The system uses common data for targets spaced at up to 300m. Gran projectiles can be fired from smoothbore and rifled mortars.

Smoothbore
A smoothbore weapon is one that has a barrel without rifling.  Smoothbores range from handheld firearms to powerful tank guns and large artillery mortars. Some examples of smoothbore weapons are muskets, blunderbusses, and flintlock pistols. The opposite of smoothbore is rifling.
Frederick Gilbert
Frederick George Gilbert (30 December 1883 – 11 December 1964) was an English international rugby union player.

Born in Plymouth, Gilbert was a Devonport Services fullback and in 1923 became the oldest player to debut for England at 39 years of age (some sources says 38, which would still be a record). He featured in England's first two Five Nations fixtures, wins over Wales at Twickenham and Ireland at Leicester, en route to a fourth grand slam.

Devonport Services R.F.C.
Devonport Services Rugby Football Club is an English rugby union team based in Plymouth, Devon.  The club was originally called United Services Devonport and had their first recorded match back in 1904. Devonport Services play their homes games at the Rectory Field and their strip and club colours are dark blue and red.  They are currently competing in Regional 1 South West, a tier 5 league of the English rugby union league system, following their relegation from the 2024–25 National League 2 West.
Franzia
Franzia is a brand of wine produced by The Wine Group, known for its box wines sold in 3 and 5-liter cartons. Franzia wines, throughout their history, were known as affordable table wines, popular in the 1960s and 1970s as "jug wine", and now as "box wine". The Wine Group is the third largest wine company in the world, behind Constellation Brands and the E&J Gallo Winery.  The Franzia brand today has no business relationship with Fred Franzia of the Bronco Wine Company, known for its low-cost Charles Shaw wines.  The Franzia family sold the brand to Coca-Cola in 1973 when Fred Franzia was in his early adult years; and it was sold to The Wine Group in 1981.

Teresa Franzia (born Teresa Carrara, 1879–1949) founded the Franzia Wine Company in 1906. Teresa's daughter, Amelia Franzia Gallo, was the wife of winemaker Ernest Gallo.  Teresa loaned Ernest the money to start his company.

Box wine
Boxed wine, also known as cask wine, bag-in-box wine, or goon, is any wine that is sold in bag-in-box packaging. The wine is stored in a strong, flexible bag made of synthetic plastic films which is held within in a corrugated cardboard box, with a one-way plastic valve for dispensing the wine.

Boxed wine is generally quite affordable. In Australia, boxed wine is often the cheapest type of alcohol available at liquor stores.

However, there are some negative perceptions associated with boxed wine. Some consider boxed wine to be lower quality compared to bottled wine, and that its bag-in-box packaging is unsuitable for wine. It has also been suggested that there is a socially determined bias against boxed wine.
Wang Lin (qigong master)
Wang Lin (Chinese: 王林; pinyin: Wáng Lín; 6 May 1952 – 10 February 2017) was a Chinese qigong and psi practitioner. A local personality in Pingxiang, Jiangxi since the 1990s, he gained national notoriety after being exposed by The Beijing News in July 2013 for his frauds as well as his connections with officials and celebrities. After the exposé, Wang fled to Hong Kong for one year and returned to Pingxiang in June 2014. In 2015, Wang was taken away by the police on suspicion of kidnapping and murdering one of his former disciples. In February 2017, Wang died after multiple organ failure while he was on bail for medical treatment.

The Beijing News
The Beijing News (新京报) is a daily newspaper China owned by China's Communist Party. Co-founded by Guangming Daily and Nanfang Daily in November 2003, the newspaper was transferred to the party's Beijing Municipal Committee in September 2011.
Washcloth
A washcloth, wash-cloth, washrag  (North American English)  or facecloth, flannel (British English)  or cleansing cloth  is a rectangular or square piece of cloth used in personal hygiene, for washing the body.

Washcloths are useful for cleansing or removing dead skin  (stratum corneum). 
Washcloths are typically made of terrycloth and measure around 12x12 inches in size. A sub-variant of the washcloth is the washing mitt.

Washcloths are also used in the context of hospital settings to avoid infection on the pretext that basins pose the risk of multidrug resistant organism contamination.  Superior pathogen elimination occurs using washcloths containing chlorhexidine.

Washcloths are used also in beauty care. In cosmetics the washcloth is a part of exfoliation.

Terrycloth
Terrycloth, terry cloth, terry cotton, terry towelling, towelling, terry towel, or simply terry is a fabric woven with many protruding loops of thread which can absorb large amounts of water. It can be manufactured by weaving or knitting. Terrycloth is woven on special looms that have two beams of longitudinal warp through which the filler or weft is fired laterally.
Airside (building)
Airside (stylized as AIRSIDE) is a skyscraper developed by Nan Fung Group (Nan Fung) in Hong Kong. Located in the Kai Tak neighbourhood in Kowloon, Airside forms part of the Kai Tak Development on the former area of Kai Tak Airport. The skyscraper is 207 m tall and was opened on 28 September 2023 including an entrance into Kai Tak station via Entrance C. It is a mixed-use building that includes office and commercial space. The lower floors of the building comprise a 700,000 sq. ft. shopping mall, simply known as Airside. The mall contains a cinema and an indoor surfing venue.

Nan Fung Group
Nan Fung Group (Chinese: 南豐集團) is a privately held group of companies carrying on the business of property development as its core business in Greater China, as well as shipping, textiles and financial services. It is also one of the leading property developers and largest privately held developers in Hong Kong.
Paul Avenel
Paul Avenel (9 October 1823 – 14 April 1902) was a 19th-century French writer, poet, goguettier, playwright, chansonnier and journalist. He was the elder brother of historian Georges Avenel.

Graduated in 1840 from an école supérieure de commerce, Avenel started studying medicine in 1845 and was an ardent student of Roux, Orfila and Velpeau.

After the 1848 Revolution led him into journalism, he collaborated with many literary and political newspapers. He established and directed  le Daguerréotype théâtral  Le Journal de la jeunesse, worked for the Lycée français, the Mousquetaire, etc. He also wrote poetry, theatre plays and novels.

Avenel was a member of the Goguette de la Lice chansonnière, the Société des auteurs et compositeurs dramatiques, the Société des gens de lettres and the Société des auteurs, compositeurs et éditeurs de musique.

Société des gens de lettres
The Société des gens de lettres de France (SGDLF; French: [sɔsjete dɛ ʒɑ̃ də lɛtʁ də fʁɑ̃s]; lit. 'Society of People of Letters of France') is a French writers' association founded in 1838 to defend and promote authors' rights. It provides legal and other support for its members and awards a number of significant prizes to French and francophone writers every year.
Gettysburg Railway
The Gettysburg Railway (reporting mark GBRY) was a Pennsylvania short-line railroad of RailAmerica that operated on 23.4 mi (37.7 km) between Gettysburg and Mount Holly Springs.  The line shipped freight for local companies, interchanged with Conrail at Carlisle Junction in Mount Holly Springs, and operated a tourist railroad under a subsidiary, Gettysburg Scenic Rail Tours. In November 1996, the Gettysburg Railway company was created to operate the Gettysburg Railroad, which had been purchased by RailAmerica's Delaware Valley Railroad Company for $1,075,000. The GBRY operated their own freight and tourist trains using their own equipment, including two Ex-Milwaukee Road F7’s from Dakota Rail. The right-of-way was later sold again to Pioneer RailCorp in 2001, who created the Gettysburg and Northern Railroad.

Pioneer Lines
Pioneer Lines (formerly Pioneer Railcorp) was a holding company for a number of American short-line railroads. Other subsidiaries offered locomotive and freight car leasing to its own railroads and to third parties, and also freight car cleaning. Pioneer Lines also had interests in real estate and newsletter publishing. It was previously owned by BRX Transportation Holdings starting in 2019.

The company, originally named Pioneer Railroad Company, was founded on January 30, 1986 by Guy L. Brenkman. The company raised the capital for its first acquisition through a self-underwritten public stock offering. It continued this method of raising capital for subsequent acquisitions.

Almost all of the short lines owned by Pioneer are lines spun off by Class I railroads.

On August 8, 2022 Patriot Rail Company announced its intention to acquire Pioneer Lines. The company was acquired by Patriot Rail on September 14, 2022.
Harvey Washington Wiley
Harvey Washington Wiley (October 18, 1844 – June 30, 1930) was an American physician and chemist who advocated successfully  for the passage of the landmark Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 and subsequently worked at the Good Housekeeping Institute laboratories. He was the first commissioner of the United States Food and Drug Administration. Wiley's advocacy for stricter food and drug regulations indirectly contributed to Coca-Cola's decision to remove cocaine from its formula in the early 20th century. This move addressed public health concerns but has drawn modern criticism for its impact on drug policy perceptions.

In 1904, Wiley was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society. In 1910, he was awarded the Elliott Cresson Medal of the Franklin Institute.

Franklin Institute
The Franklin Institute is a science museum and a center of science education and research in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is named after the American scientist and statesman Benjamin Franklin. It houses the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial. Founded in 1824, the Franklin Institute is one of the oldest centers of science education and development in the United States. Its chief astronomer is Derrick Pitts.
Aeroport (Metrovalencia)
Aeroport (Valencian: [aeɾoˈpɔɾt]) is a metro station of Metrovalencia network situated west of Valencia, Spain. The station is located at Valencia Manises Airport, near Avinguda d'els Arcs and the adjacent bus terminal, making it a major access point towards the Valencia city center and Valencia port.

In the first 10 years since the station's opening, line 5 of Metrovalencia between Aeroport and Marítim-Serrería stations was used by 186.6 million passengers.

The metro stop opened in April 2007 as part of a ten-station extension which cost over 200 million euro. Originally, it formed part of metro zone B; however, in September 2012, it was moved to metro zone D, in order to maximise revenue. After the number of metro zones was reduced in 2022 Aeroport is the sole station in metro zone C.

Port of Valencia
The Port of Valencia is a seaport in Valencia, Spain. In 2021 it was the second busiest port in the Mediterranean by TEU after the port of Tanger Med. As of 2023, it moves an annual cargo traffic of around seventy-seven million tonnes (seventy-six million long tons; eighty-five million short tons) and 4.8 million TEU.

The port is also an important employer in the area, with more than 15,000 employees who provide services to more than 7,500 ships every year.
William McMillan (sport shooter)
William Willard McMillan (January 29, 1929 – June 6, 2000) was an American sport shooter. Competing in ISSF 25 meter rapid fire pistol, he won an Olympic gold medal in 1960, was part of the American winning team at the 1952 World Championships, and won several gold and silver medals at the Pan American Games between 1955 and 1979.

ISSF 25 meter rapid fire pistol
25 meter rapid fire pistol is one of the ISSF shooting events and is shot with .22 LR pistols. The event has been a part of the Olympic program ever since the beginning in 1896, although its rules changed greatly before World War II, after which they were only slightly changed until the two major revisions of 1989 and 2005. The latter restricted the event to sport pistols, thereby banning .22 Short cartridge (last used in 2004 and replaced by .22 Long Rifle in 2005) as well as encircling grips and low trigger-pull weight. This caused a decline in results, as evidenced by a comparison of the world records under the pre-2005 rules (597) and post-2005 rules (593).

Instead of dropping specialized rapid fire pistols, manufacturers designed new pistols, such as the Walther SSP, conforming to the standard pistol requirements, but optimized for the rapid fire event.
Veera (2011 film)
Veera: An Arrow Head of Action is a 2011 Telugu-language action comedy film, produced by Ganesh Indukuri under Sanvi Productions banner and directed by Ramesh Varma. It stars Ravi Teja, Kajal Aggarwal, and Taapsee Pannu, with music composed by S. Thaman. The cinematography was performed by Chota K. Naidu, and the film was released on 20 May 2011. The film had completed 50 days in 60 centres and a 100-day run at the box office, according to Zee 24 Ghantalu. The film was released in Tamil as Veeraiyaah, in Hindi as The Great Veera, and in Malayalam, Bhojpuri, and Hindustani under the same name.

Zee Media Corporation
Zee Media Corporation Limited (abbreviated as ZMCL; formerly Zee News Limited) is an Indian mass media and news broadcasting company based in Mumbai. The company is engaged mainly in the business of broadcasting news and current affairs, and regional entertainment up-linked from India via satellite television channels.
Festinho
Festinho was a small, three-day music and arts festival, last held at Hinwick House, Hinwick, Bedfordshire during the August Bank Holiday weekend of 2010.

Very much inspired by early Big Chill Festivals and picnics in the English countryside, Festinho is driven by a hard-working team of volunteers, many of whom have in various configurations and incarnations been putting on events, DJing, VJing, and festivalling together for years. Many of the performers give their time for free so that as much money as possible goes straight to the ABC Trust.

Long Melford
Long Melford, colloquially and historically also referred to as Melford, is a large village and civil parish in the Babergh district, in the county of Suffolk, England. It is on Suffolk's border with Essex, which is marked by the River Stour, 3 miles (4.8 km) from Sudbury, approximately 16 miles (26 km) from Colchester and 14 miles (23 km) from Bury St Edmunds. It is one of Suffolk's "wool towns" and is a former market town. The parish also includes the hamlets of Bridge Street and Cuckoo Tye. In 2011 the parish had a population of 3918.

Its name is derived from the nature of the village's layout (originally concentrated along a 3-mile stretch of a single road) and the Mill ford crossing the Chad Brook (a tributary of the River Stour).
Xiji County
Xiji County (simplified Chinese: 西吉县; traditional Chinese: 西吉縣; pinyin: Xījí Xiàn, Xiao'erjing=ثِ‌ڭِ ثِيًا) is a county under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Guyuan in the southwest of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China, bordering Gansu province to the west. It has a total area of 3,985 km2 (1,539 sq mi), and a population of 480,800 people, including 263,000 Hui people.

County (China)
Counties (县) are found in the third level of the administrative hierarchy in provinces and autonomous regions and the second level in municipalities and Hainan, a level that is known as "county level" and also contains autonomous counties, county-level cities, banners, autonomous banners and city districts. There are 1,355 counties in mainland China out of a total of 2,851 county-level divisions.

The term xian is sometimes translated as "district" or "prefecture" when put in the context of Chinese history.
Antibonding molecular orbital
In theoretical chemistry, an antibonding orbital is a type of molecular orbital that weakens the chemical bond between two atoms and helps to raise the energy of the molecule relative to the separated atoms. Such an orbital has one or more nodes in the bonding region between the nuclei. The density of the electrons in the orbital is concentrated outside the bonding region and acts to pull one nucleus away from the other and tends to cause mutual repulsion between the two atoms.  This is in contrast to a bonding molecular orbital, which has a lower energy than that of the separate atoms, and is responsible for chemical bonds.

Theoretical chemistry
Theoretical chemistry is the branch of chemistry which develops theoretical generalizations that are part of the theoretical arsenal of modern chemistry: for example, the concepts of chemical bonding, chemical reaction, valence, the surface of potential energy, molecular orbitals, orbital interactions, and molecule activation.