hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Samarai
Samarai is an island and former administrative capital in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea.

The island is historically significant as the site of a trading port and stop-over between Australia and East Asia. Samarai town was established on the island and at its height was the second largest after Port Moresby in the Territory of Papua.

The town of Samarai was ordered to be destroyed by the British during World War II, fearing Japanese occupation. Although rebuilt after the war, and functioning as provincial headquarters until 1968, economic changes meant that Samarai did not fully regain its regional status and it has since largely fallen into disrepair. The island was declared a National Historical Heritage Island by the government of Papua New Guinea in 2006.

Territory of Papua
The Territory of Papua was an Australian external territory comprising the south-eastern portion of the island of New Guinea. The Crown colony of British New Guinea was ceded to Australia in 1902 and formally organised as a separate territory in 1906. It was administratively merged with the Territory of New Guinea to the north in 1949 to form the Territory of Papua and New Guinea, which gained independence as Papua New Guinea in 1975.
Siddur Lev Yisrael
Siddur Lev Yisrael is a siddur written by Cheryl Magen and published by the Ktav Publishing House. The siddur was developed in part, as an initiative of Camp Ramah. Lev Yisrael is influenced by the ideology of Conservative Judaism and is the principal siddur used at Camp Ramah in the Poconos as well as the Perelman Jewish Day School in Philadelphia.

Ktav Publishing House
KTAV Publishing House is a publishing house located in Brooklyn, New York.  Ktav means "to write" in Hebrew.

Founded in 1921, it has been among the most notable publishers of Judaica and Jewish educational texts since the middle of the 20th century.  In 2004, Ktav was designated a Parents' Choice Award-Winning company.
George H. Carsley
George H. Carsley (April 7, 1870 - July 4, 1933) was an American architect. He designed many buildings in Helena, Montana, including structures now listed on the National Register of Historic Places. He also designed a number of buildings on the campus of the University of Montana in Missoula, Montana.

Helena, Montana
Helena (listenⓘ; /ˈhɛlənə/) is the capital city of the U.S. state of Montana and the county seat of Lewis and Clark County.

Helena was founded as a gold camp during the Montana gold rush, and established on October 30, 1864. Due to the gold rush, Helena became a wealthy city, with approximately 50 millionaires inhabiting the area by 1888. The concentration of wealth contributed to the city's prominent, elaborate Victorian architecture.

At the 2020 census Helena's population was 32,091, making it the 5th least populous state capital in the United States and the 6th most populous city in Montana. It is the principal city of the Helena Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Lewis and Clark, and Jefferson counties; the MSA's population being 83,058 according to the 2020 census.

The local daily newspaper is the Independent Record. The city is served by Helena Regional Airport (HLN).
Praia da Angrinha (Ferragudo)
Praia da Angrinha (English: Angrinha Beach) is situated along the wide estuary of the Arade River, south of Ferragudo, in Lagoa Municipality, Portugal.

Map location: 37°07′12″N 8°31′20″W﻿ / ﻿37.12000°N 8.52222°W﻿ / 37.12000; -8.52222

Protected by the large moles extending out towards the Portimão shore opposite, the beach is long and enclosed by heights in the land, now much eroded by the elements. The rocky walls are covered with vegetation, particularly plants which are adapted to the salty environment, such as kelp and saltbush (Atriplex), or plants typical of dune areas, such as trefoil (Lotus creticus), which colonize the small rocky cavities where sand accumulates.

At the north end of the beach is the Forte de São João do Arade, which, in conjunction with the Forte de Santa Catarina on the other side of the river, guaranteed the defense of the river estuary. The beach itself has served as a landing place for traditional fishing boats plying the river and the open sea.

Fort of Santa Catarina (Portimão)
The Fort of Santa Catarina (also known as the Fort of Santa Catarina de Ribamar) is a medieval fort situated in the civil parish of Portimão, in the municipality of Portimão in Portuguese Algarve. The structure was considered one of the last Philippine military projects in the Algarve, erected to defend the peninsula from pirates and privateers, as well as military invasions. Its construction is one of the better examples that work of Alexandre Massai, a military engineer who toured the Algarve (between 1617 and 1621) to reinforce numerous military fortifications along the coast.
Max Hofmeier
Max Friedrich Adolph Hofmeier (28 January 1854 in Zudar on the island of Rügen – 3 April 1927) was a German gynecologist.

He studied medicine at the universities of Würzburg, Freiburg and Greifswald, obtaining his doctorate in 1876. As a student he was influenced by Alfred Hegar (1830–1914) and Hugo Pernice (1829–1901).

Following graduation, he worked as an assistant in Greifswald, shortly afterwards relocating to Berlin as an assistant at the obstetrics clinic of Karl Schroeder (1838–1887). In 1887 he became a full professor of OB/GYN at the University of Giessen, followed by a directorship the following year at Würzburg as successor to Friedrich Wilhelm von Scanzoni (1821–1891) at the university Frauenklinik.

University of Giessen
University of Giessen, official name Justus Liebig University Giessen (German: Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen), is a large public research university in Giessen, Hesse, Germany. It is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in the German-speaking world. It is named after its most famous faculty member, Justus von Liebig, the founder of modern agricultural chemistry and inventor of artificial fertiliser. It covers the areas of arts/humanities, business, dentistry, economics, law, medicine, science, social sciences and veterinary medicine. Its university hospital, which has two sites, Giessen and Marburg (the latter of which is the teaching hospital of the University of Marburg), is the only private university hospital in Germany.
Željko Topić
Željko Topić (born 5 August 1959) is a Croatian civil servant, and a former Vice-President of the European Patent Office (EPO). Before taking up his position at the EPO, he was the Director General of the State Intellectual Property Office of the Republic of Croatia.

European Patent Office
The European Patent Office (EPO) is one of the two organs of the European Patent Organisation (EPOrg), the other being the Administrative Council. The EPO acts as executive body for the organisation while the Administrative Council acts as its supervisory body as well as, to a limited extent, its legislative body. The actual legislative power to revise the European Patent Convention lies with the Contracting States themselves when meeting at a Conference of the Contracting States.

Within the European Patent Office, examiners are notably in charge of studying European patent applications, filed by applicants, to decide whether to grant a patent for an invention. The patents granted by the European Patent Office are called European patents.
Evans County Heart Study
The Evans County Heart Study was a long-term cardiovascular study on residents of Evans County, Georgia. The study, which was funded by the National Institute of Health, began in July, 1958, and was last updated as recent as May 2016. It resulted in more than 560 published papers that ultimately showed the importance of HDL cholesterol. The study was conducted by Dr. Curtis Gordon Hames, a family doctor from Claxton, Georgia. The study took place in Evans Country because the area had a high death count due to heart complications, such as heart disease and other cardiovascular diseases. The studies showed that there was a significant abundance of heart conditions within a variety of ethnicities. People as young as fourteen and as old as seventy-four participated in the tests, and were divided into different age groups; however only males were eligible for the study. Anyone as old as one-hundred years old could be eligible, and any younger.

Curtis G. Hames
Dr.  Curtis Gordon Hames Sr. (19 Feb 1920 Claxton, Georgia - January 6, 2005 Savannah, Georgia) was a family physician and pioneer in the epidemiologic study of heart disease and stroke.

He graduated from the Medical College of Georgia in 1944. 
He was a visiting clinical professor in the Medical University of South Carolina Department of Family Medicine.  From 1958 to 1995, the National Institutes of Health funded his Evans County Heart Study, which resulted in more than 560 published papers.  The study showed the value of HDL cholesterol.
Gamacallum
Gamacallum is a genus which belongs to the family Microcotylidae and class Monogenea.  As all Monogenea, species of Gamacallum are ectoparasites that affect their host by attaching themselves as larvae on the gills of the fish and grow into adult stage. This larval stage is called oncomiracidium, and is characterized as free swimming and ciliated.

Members of the genus Gamacallum are characterised by a short wide haptor with up to 25 pairs of clamps, an unarmed genital atrium and a penis occasionally armed with four spines, and a single unarmed vaginal pore.

Class (biology)
In biological taxonomy, class (Latin: classis) is  a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit (i.e., a taxon) in that rank. It is a group of related taxonomic orders. Other well-known ranks in descending order of size are domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class ranking between phylum and order.
Toxotes beauforti
Toxotes beauforti is a species of fossil archerfish that lived during early Tertiary (presumably Eocene). It was described by Sanders (1934) from an articulated fossil found in Sangkarewang Formation, Sumatra, Indonesia. Its overall shape is said to be very similar to modern species except T. beauforti have six dorsal spines. For comparison, extant archerfish usually have only four or five dorsal spines.

Tertiary period
The Tertiary (/ˈtɜːrʃəri/ TUR-shər-ee, US also /ˈtɜːrʃi.ɛri/ TUR-shee-err-ee) is an obsolete geologic period spanning 66 million to 2.6 or 1.8 million years ago. The period began with the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, at the start of the Cenozoic Era, and extended to the beginning of the Quaternary glaciation at the end of the Pliocene Epoch. The Tertiary has not been recognised by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) since the late 1980s, with the timespan of the Tertiary now being split into the earlier Paleogene and the more recent Neogene periods, though the Tertiary continues to be used in some scientific publications.
Chamber of Deputies of Portugal
Portugal has had two legislative bodies styled the Chamber of Deputies:

Chamber of Deputies of Portugal (1822–1910), modeled after the UK House of Commons

Chamber of Deputies of Portugal (1910–1926), modeled after the US House of Representatives

Chamber of Deputies of Portugal (1910–1926)
The Chamber of Deputies of the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: Câmara dos Deputados da República Portuguesa), alternatively translatable as the House of Representatives, was the lower house of the Congress of the Republic, the legislature of the First Portuguese Republic. The Chamber of Deputies was elected for a three-year term and had the power to lay taxes, initiate constitutional amendments and legislation regarding the Armed Forces, debate on bills proposed by the Executive, and decide on the extension of the legislative term.
Siloxide
Siloxides are chemical compounds with the formula R3SiOM, where R is usually an organic group and M is usually a metal cation.  Also called silanolates, they are derived by deprotonation of silanols.  They also arise by the degradation of siloxanes by base:

R3SiOSiR3  +  2 NaOH   →   2 R3SiONa  +  H2O

Cleavage of cyclic siloxanes affords siloxides:

(Me2SiO)3 +  MeLi  →  Me3SiOSiMe2OSiMe2OLi

These anions function as ligands for metal ions, forming complexes similar to metal alkoxides.  Sodium trimethylsiloxide is useful for generating metal complexes by salt metathesis reactions.  A very bulky siloxide is tert-butyl3SiO−, sometimes called silox.

Siloxides are weaker net donors than alkoxides because pπ-d donation has to compete with backbonding from the oxygen atom into the low-lying Si-C σ* orbitals.

Pi backbonding
In chemistry, pi backbonding or π backbonding is a π-bonding interaction between a filled (or half filled) orbital of a transition metal atom and a vacant orbital on an adjacent ion or molecule. In this type of interaction, electrons from the metal are used to bond to the ligand, which dissipates excess negative charge and stabilizes the metal. It is common in transition metals with low oxidation states that have ligands such as carbon monoxide, olefins, or phosphines. The ligands involved in π backbonding can be broken into three groups: carbonyls and nitrogen analogs, alkenes and alkynes, and phosphines. Compounds where π backbonding is prominent include Ni(CO)4, Zeise's salt, and molybdenum and iron dinitrogen complexes.
Limnophorini
The Limnophorini are a tribe of flies, belonging to the family Muscidae. Although the name-giving genus is Limnophora, this was actually described only after the more characteristic and easily recognized Lispe.

Paul Stein (entomologist)
Paul Stein (1852–1921) was a German museum curator and entomologist. He specialised in Diptera especially the family Anthomyiidae.  In this group he studied the world fauna describing many new genera and species.

Stein worked with Theodor Becker, Mario Bezzi and Kálmán Kertész on Katalog der Paläarktischen dipteren (1903 onwards) published in Budapest from 1903. His collection is in the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin.
Taekwondo at the 2023 European Games
Taekwondo competitions at the 2023 European Games were held between 23 and 26 June 2023 at the Krynica-Zdrój Arena in Krynica-Zdrój. Taekwondo returned to the European Games for the second time, after being part of the inaugural edition at Baku 2015, and the G4 grading of the competition meant that ranking points won by athletes counted for the Paris 2024 Olympic Games qualification.

Athletes qualified by one of four routes. Firstly, in each class, the thirteen highest ranked European taekwodo-ka, respecting the limit of one per NOC per class were invited to compete. In addition, Poland as host got one taekwodo-ka in each class.

Athletes not yet selected, and whose NOCs who had not obtained a quota place in that class were able to fight for a spot at the European Games at a qualification tournament in Romania from 8 to 9 April. Finally, there was also a spot in each weight category reserved for a Universality place, which were awarded nearer the Games.

2023 European Games
The 3rd European Games (Polish: III Igrzyska Europejskie, Igrzyska Europejskie 2023), also known as the 2023 European Games or Kraków-Małopolska 2023, was an international multi-sport event held from 21 June to 2 July 2023 in Kraków and Małopolska, Poland. It was the first time that Poland hosted the European Games. All Olympic sports held at the European Games provided qualification opportunities for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France.
Mount Chincogan
Mount Chincogan (/tʃɪnˈkoʊɡən/)  is located northwest of Mullumbimby, New South Wales, Australia and west of Ocean Shores. It was part of a large shield volcano Mount Warning (Wollumbin) which erupted about 12 million years ago. It is a remnant of the crater wall of a large vent of the Volcano (the main vent was located at Mt Warning which is the remnant of the lava plug and magma chambers that eroded at a much slower rate than the surrounding remnants). The curvature of the crater wall is more obvious when viewed from the south and east, e.g. Cape Byron and Brunswick Heads.

It is on the land of the Bundjalung people and is a sacred women's site.

Ocean Shores, New South Wales
Ocean Shores is a coastal town in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia with Billinudgel to the north and South Golden Beach and New Brighton to the east of the town. Established in 1977, Ocean Shores was originally a land holding owned by Wendell West of Washington with backing from American singer Pat Boone, and was named after Boone's residence in Ocean Shores, Washington. It is located in the Brunswick Valley – a valley including the towns of Mullumbimby and Brunswick Heads. The town has a local shopping complex and a large golf course. At the 2021 census, Ocean Shores had a population of 4,818 people.
Đại La
Đại La (Chinese: 大羅城; pinyin: Dàluóchéng), means the Citadel of the Great Dike, or La Thành (羅城) was an ancient fortified city in present-day Hanoi during the third Chinese domination of the 7th and 8th centuries, and again in the 11th-century under Lý dynasty.

Đại La was constructed by jiedushi Gao Pian in 866. It was the seat of Songping County during the Tang dynasty, and was capital of the Tĩnh Hải quân. In 1010, Lý Công Uẩn decided to move his capital away from the cramped Hoa Lư (present-day Ninh Bình). Đại La was favored because of its central and convenient location, defensible terrain and relatively dry climate. According to the Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, a Yellow Dragon appeared near Lý Công Uẩn's boat when he passed by Đại La. The sighting was considered as greatly auspicious by his ministers. Subsequently, the city was renamed Thăng Long ("rising dragon").

Ninh Bình province
Ninh Bình (Vietnamese pronunciation: [nīɲ ɓìɲ]) is a province of Vietnam in the Red River Delta region. The province is known for natural and cultural attractions, including reserved parks in Cúc Phương National Park and Vân Long, grotto caves and rivers in Tràng An, Tam Cốc-Bích Động and Múa Caves, historic monuments in the Hoa Lư ancient capital, Vietnam's largest Buddhist worshipping complex (Bái Đính Temple), and the Phát Diệm Cathedral with "eclectic architectural style".
Bruno-Nazaire Kongaouin
Bruno Nazaire Kongawoin (born 12 October 1966) is a Central African former basketball player. Born in Bangui, he played college basketball for the Houston Baptist Huskies from 1983 to 1987 and was a two-time All-Trans America Athletic Conference (TAAC) selection during his final two years. Kongawoin participated at the 1988 Summer Olympics with the Central African Republic national basketball team. Following the Games, he was released by the Milwaukee Bucks of the National Basketball Association (NBA) just prior to the 1988–89 season. He was previously released by the Bucks prior to the 1987–88 NBA season.

Kongawoin was inducted into the Houston Baptist University Athletics Hall of Honor in 2016.

Central African Republic men's national basketball team
The Central African Republic national basketball team is administered by the Fédération Centrafricaine de Basketball.

The team won the African Basketball Championship twice. It became the first Sub-Saharan African team to qualify for the Basketball World Cup.
Jim Jefferies
Geoffrey James Nugent (born 14 February 1977), known professionally as Jim Jefferies, is an Australian stand-up comedian, actor, and writer. He created and starred in the FX sitcom Legit (2013–2014) and the Comedy Central late-night show The Jim Jefferies Show (2017–2019). In 2023, Jefferies began hosting The 1% Club.

Just for Laughs
Just for Laughs (French: Juste pour rire) is a comedy festival that is held every July in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Founded in 1982 by Gilbert Rozon, it is the largest international comedy festival in the world. In addition to the festivals themselves, Just for Laughs also developed, produced, and distributed other forms of comedy entertainment, such as television programming.

In March 2024, it was announced that Just for Laughs as a business went bankrupt, and consequently, all of its festivals were cancelled. The media speculated about its future in Montreal, and how it could be uncertain. In May, however, ComediHa, another Quebec-based company specializing in comedy, announced its acquisition of several assets, including the festival. It was then announced that the anglophone festival would go on, albeit smaller, and without the usual televised galas.
Serra del Turmell
Serra del Turmell, also known as Serra del Mont Turmell, (Spanish: Sierra del Turmell) is an over 12 km (7 mi) long mountain range in the Baix Maestrat comarca, Valencian Community, Spain.

These mountains and their neighboring ranges are a desolate place with little human habitation. Their summits are frequently covered in snow in the winter. The Cervol River has its sources in this range.

There was much activity of the Spanish Maquis in this range and the neighboring areas after the Spanish Civil War and well into the 1960s.

Spanish Maquis
The Maquis ([ˈmaki(s)]; Basque: Maki; also spelled maqui) were Spanish guerrillas who waged irregular warfare against the Francoist dictatorship within Spain following the Republican defeat in the Spanish Civil War until the early 1960s, carrying out sabotage, robberies, and assassinations of alleged Francoists as well as contributing to the fight against Nazi Germany and the Vichy regime in France during World War II. They also took part in occupations of the Spanish embassy in France.

Maquis activity in Spain had its heyday towards 1946, after which the resistance fighters were heavily repressed during the Trienio del Terror (1947–1949), which included such instances of White Terror as paseos and applications of the Ley de fugas (extralegal executions predicated on detainees' actual or supposed attempts to escape custody) taking a heavy toll among maquis combatants and their supporters. Following its decline, it fully disappeared in the 1960s.
Delta (hip-hop artist)
Delta (aka Ben Scudds) is an Australian hip hop artist, MC, producer, and dee-jay. He grew up in the southern suburbs of Adelaide, South Australia and cut his teeth as a battle MC. He has released three albums on the label Nuffsaid: The Lostralian (2006), The Second Story (2009) and Pyramid Schemes (2014). His albums were produced by British producer Mark B and include guest appearances from other rappers. His collaborators have included: MURS, Mojo, Prowla, Mr. Thing, Motions, Trem, Skinnyman, The Dap-Kings, Psycho Les, Milano and M-Phazes, Kool Herc and Lazy Grey. His debut EP Paperweight was released in 2002. He performs live with DJ Staen-1, who is a three-time DMC champion turntablist. As a club DJ, Delta specializes in hip hop, funk and soul.

The Beatnuts
The Beatnuts is an American hip hop group and production duo from New York City. Its current members are JuJu and Psycho Les. JuJu (born Jerry Tineo on December 14, 1968) is a Dominican American from Corona and Psycho Les (born Lester Fernandez on April 10, 1970) is a Colombian American from Jackson Heights, Queens. Although only peripheral members, they are routinely acknowledged by Q-Tip as being members of Native Tongues. The Beatnuts were originally a trio before Fashion (born Berntony Smalls on January 13, 1970), now known as Al' Tariq, left the group to start a solo career. V.I.C. (Groove Merchantz, Ghetto Pros) was also a member of The Beatnuts' production team for a while.