hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Birmingham Group (artists)
The Birmingham Group, sometimes called the Birmingham School, was an informal collective of painters and craftsmen associated with the Arts and Crafts Movement, that worked in Birmingham, England in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. All of its members studied or taught at the Birmingham School of Art after the reorganisation of its teaching methods by Edward R. Taylor in the 1880s, and it was the School that formed the group's primary focus. Members of the group also overlapped with other more formal organisations, including the Birmingham Guild of Handicraft, the Ruskin Pottery and the Bromsgrove Guild of Applied Arts.

The Group formed one of the last outposts of late Romanticism in the visual arts, and an important link between the last of the Pre-Raphaelites and the new Slade Symbolists.

Artistic symbol
In works of art, literature, and narrative, a symbol is a concrete element like an object, character, image, situation, or action that suggests or hints at abstract, deeper, or non-literal meanings or ideas. The use of symbols artistically is symbolism. In literature, such as novels, plays, and poems, symbolism goes beyond just the literal written words on a page, since writing itself is also inherently a system of symbols.

Artistic symbols may be intentionally built into a work by its creator, which in the case of narratives can make symbolism a deliberate narrative device. However, it also may be decided upon by the audience or by a consensus of scholars through their interpretation of the work. Various synonyms exist for this type of symbol, based on specific genre, artistic medium, or domain: visual symbol, literary symbol, poetic symbol, etc.
Countryside Mall
28°01′01″N 82°44′00″W﻿ / ﻿28.01694°N 82.73333°W﻿ / 28.01694; -82.73333

Countryside Mall (formerly Westfield Countryside) is a shopping mall in Clearwater, Florida. Situated near the coastline on the Gulf Coast, it serves over 9 million customers every year, and is home to five anchor stores, a 12-screen CMX Cinemas, numerous restaurants, and an ice skating rink.

Burdines
Burdines (English:  /bɜːrˈdaɪnz/ bur-DYNZE) was an American department store chain founded in 1898 by William M. and John Burdine. It operated exclusively in Florida, with its flagship store and headquarters both located in Miami. It evolved from a carriage-trade shop into a full-line department store chain nicknamed "The Florida Store", decorated with palm trees in the center of the store, painted in pink and blue, and other subtropical colors and motifs. The chain was purchased by Federated Department Stores in 1956; it co-branded the chain as Burdines–Macy's in 2004, and dissolved the Burdines brand completely with its full conversion to Macy's in 2005.
Mary Enoch Elizabeth Baxter
Mary Enoch Elizabeth Baxter is a multimedia artist, activist, prison reform advocate and speaker based in Brooklyn, New York. She is best known for creating socially conscious visual art, film, and music, and raps under the stage name of Isis Tha Saviour.

Frieze Art Fair
Frieze Art Fair is an annual contemporary art fair first held in 2003 in London's Regent's Park. Developed by the founders of the contemporary art magazine Frieze, the fair has since expanded to include editions in four cities, in addition to acquiring several other art fairs.

Following the original Frieze Art Fair (also referred to as Frieze London), the fair added Frieze Masters (2012), also in London, dedicated to art made before the year 2000; Frieze New York (2012); Frieze Los Angeles (2019); and Frieze Seoul (2022). In 2023, Frieze acquired The Armory Show in New York, and EXPO Chicago.

In 2016, American holding company Endeavor acquired a majority stake in Frieze. In 2025, the co-founder of Endeavor, Ari Emanuel, is set to buy Frieze in a deal valued at $200 million.
Ganze Constituency
Ganze Constituency is an electoral constituency in Kenya. It is one of seven constituencies in Kilifi County. The constituency has four wards, all electing representatives for the Kilifi County Assembly. The constituency was established for the 1988 elections. After the IEBC adopted the Boundary commission's recommendation for new constituencies and boundaries, Ganze Constituency retained its name, and no major boundaries were altered. It had a population of 143,906 (66,921 males, 76,981 females and 4 intersex) according to the 2019 census report by the Kenya National bureau of Statistics (KNBS). Its current member of parliament is Hon. Charo Kenneth Kazungu Tungule of Pamoja African alliance Party (PAA).

Sokoke Ward after the March 10, 2013 General Elections, the then Councillor Hon. Teddy Mwambire was re-elected as the new Member of County Assembly (MCA) representing Sokoke Ward in the County Assembly of Kilifi. He is now the  Speaker, Kilifi County Assembly.

Kilifi County
Kilifi County is located in the Kenyan coast. It was formed in 2010 as a result of a merger of Kilifi District and Malindi District, Kenya. Its capital is Kilifi and its largest town is Malindi . The county had a population of 1,453,787 people following the 2019 census and covers an area of 12,245.90 km2 (4,728.17 sq mi).

The county is located north and northeast of Mombasa. Kilifi has fewer tourists than Mombasa County, however there is some tourism in Kikambala, Watamu, Malindi and Kilifi. The county is known for the Ruins of Gedi, which includes mosques and tombs dating from the 11th to the 17th century.
Hammarström
Hammarström is a Swedish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hanna Hammarström (1829–1909), Swedish inventor and businesswoman

Harald Hammarström (born 1977), Swedish linguist

Inge Hammarström (born 1948), Swedish ice hockey player

Klara Hammarström (born 2000), Swedish singer

Kristin Hammarström (born 1982), Swedish footballer

Louise Hammarström (1849–1917), Swedish chemist

Marie Hammarström (born 1982), Swedish footballer

Nanny Hammarström (1870–1953), Finnish author

Peter Hammarström (born 1969), Swedish ice hockey player

Rune Hammarström (1920–1999), Swedish speed skater

Torsten Hammarström (1896–1965), Swedish diplomat

Hanna Hammarström
Johanna (Hanna) Hammarström was a Swedish inventor who was born on 4 September 1829 and died on 27 November 1914. Although telephones had already been invented, no one in Sweden could manufacture the copper wires needed to function telephones. She became the first person in Sweden to manufacture telephone wires and ran her own business in the production of these wires.
Frank Salemme
Francis Patrick Salemme (pronounced sah-LEM-ee; August 18, 1933 – December 13, 2022), sometimes spelled Salemmi, also known as "Cadillac Frank" and "the General", was an American mobster from Boston, Massachusetts who became a hitman and eventually the boss of the Patriarca crime family of New England before turning government witness.

Gangster
A gangster (informally gangsta) is a criminal who is a member of a gang. Most gangs are considered to be part of organized crime. Gangsters are also called mobsters, a term derived from mob and the suffix -ster. Gangs provide a level of organization and resources that support much larger and more complex criminal transactions than an individual criminal could achieve. Gangsters have been active for many years in countries around the world. Gangsters are the subject of many novels, films, television series, and video games.
Great Seal of Ireland
The Great Seal of Ireland was the seal used until 1922 by the Dublin Castle administration to authenticate important state documents in Ireland, in the same manner as the Great Seal of the Realm in England. The Great Seal of Ireland was used from at least the 1220s in the Lordship of Ireland and the ensuing Kingdom of Ireland, and remained in use when the island became part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922), just as the Great Seal of Scotland remained in use after the Act of Union 1707. After 1922, the single Great Seal of Ireland was superseded by the separate Great Seal of the Irish Free State and Great Seal of Northern Ireland for the respective jurisdictions created by the partition of Ireland.

Constitution of 1782
The Constitution of 1782 refers to government of the Kingdom of Ireland following concessions to its legislative and judicial independence by the British Crown and Parliament. Constrained by the revolt of the American colonies and confronted in Ireland by a patriot militia, the British government abandoned the previously asserted right of the Kingdom of Great Britain to legislate for Ireland and to hear appeal from its courts. The Parliament of Ireland used its new won independence sparingly, disappointing hopes of holding the Vice-Regal administration in Dublin Castle to account, and of broadening representation through Catholic emancipation and reform. Following the suppression of the United Irish rebellion in 1798, the Constitution of 1782 was overturned. The Acts of Union 1800, abolished the legislature in Dublin and incorporated Ireland with Great Britain in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
Abolfazl Ghana'ati
Abolfazl Ghana'ati (Persian: ابوالفضل قناعتی) is an Iranian conservative politician and former military officer who currently serves as a member of the City Council of Tehran.

He was listed by Progress and Justice Population of Islamic Iran and Front of Islamic Revolution Stability in the 2013 election.

Progress and Justice Population of Islamic Iran
The Progress and Justice Population of Islamic Iran (Persian: جمعیت پیشرفت و عدالت ایران اسلامی, romanized: Jam'iyyat-e Pišraft-o 'Adālat-e Irân-e Eslâmi) is an Iranian principlist political party closely associated with Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf. It was established in 2008; Morteza Talaie was formerly the general secretary, and many members hold senior positions in Tehran municipality.

The group launched and operated Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf's campaign in the 2013 Iranian presidential election. 15 out of the 31 members of the City Council of Tehran between 2013 and 2017 were endorsed by the party.
3C 173.1
3C 173.1 is a radio galaxy located in the northern constellation of Camelopardalis. The redshift of the galaxy is (z) 0.222 and it was first recorded as an astronomical radio source in the Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources survey in 1962. In April 1965 the source was linked to an optical counterpart.

Surface brightness
In astronomy, surface brightness (SB) quantifies the apparent brightness or flux density per unit angular area of a spatially extended object such as a galaxy or nebula, or of the night sky background.  An object's surface brightness depends on its surface luminosity density, i.e., its luminosity emitted per unit surface area. In visible and infrared astronomy, surface brightness is often quoted on a magnitude scale, in magnitudes per square arcsecond (MPSAS) in a particular filter band or photometric system.

Measurement of the surface brightnesses of celestial objects is called surface photometry.
Azores–Gibraltar transform fault
The Azores–Gibraltar transform fault (AGFZ), also called a fault zone and a fracture zone, is a major seismic zone in the eastern Atlantic Ocean between the Azores and the Strait of Gibraltar. It is the product of the complex interaction between the African, Eurasian, and Iberian plates. Since the beginning of seismological records in the 1700s, the AGFZ has produced the following large-magnitude earthquakes and accompanying tsunamis: 1755 Lisbon, 1761 Lisbon, 1816 North Atlantic, 1941 Gloria Fault earthquake, 1969 Horseshoe and 1975.

1975 North Atlantic earthquake
The 1975 North Atlantic earthquake occurred on May 26 at 09:11 UTC. The epicenter was located in the North Atlantic, in an area between the Azores, Iberian Peninsula, and Morocco. It had a magnitude of Mw 7.9, or Ms 8.1.

This was an intraplate earthquake that was located about 200 km south of the Gloria Fault, the presumed boundary between the African plate and the Eurasia Plate. It had a right-lateral strike-slip focal mechanism and was unusually large for an oceanic strike-slip event. Damage was reported in Madeira, which is about 250 km away. A tsunami of 0.3 m in maximum water elevation was recorded in Lagos, Portugal and an eyewitness reported a 2 m (6 ft 7 in) wave height at Ponta Delgada in the Azores.
Andreas Manga
Yves Andréas Manga (born 15 October 1980) is a French football defender of Senegalese origin. He is currently without a club after being released by Perpignan Canet FC.

The reason for this release was the reckless behaviour on the pitch during the 2007-08 season. After 24 matchdays, Manga had received red cards against Tubize, VW Hamme and OH Leuven. On matchday 25, against Antwerp, Manga made a dangerous two-footed challenge on Luciano Olguín. He only received a yellow card, but was substituted during the break after some other risky interventions.

Oud-Heverlee Leuven
Oud-Heverlee Leuven (Flemish pronunciation: [ʌut ˈɦeːvərˌleː ˈløːvə(n)]), also called OH Leuven or OHL, is a Belgian professional football club from the city of Leuven. It was created in 2002 from the merger of three clubs, F.C. Zwarte Duivels Oud-Heverlee, whose registration number it inherited, Daring Club Leuven, and Stade Leuven. The club's home ground is Den Dreef, located in Heverlee. The club currently plays in the country's first division, the Belgian Pro League.
Nyssa, Missouri
Nyssa is an unincorporated community in southeast Butler County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

The community is on Missouri Route 51 2.5 miles south of Broseley and three miles north of Qulin. Poplar Bluff is eleven miles to the northwest.

The community was a timber station on the old Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad. Nyssa is the generic botanical name for the locally abundant tupelo gum. William N. Barron gave the town its name.

Qulin, Missouri
Qulin /ˈkjuːlɪn/ KEW-lin is a city located in Butler County in Southeast Missouri, United States. The population was 460 at the 2020 census.

Qulin is included within the Poplar Bluff Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Avraham Adan
Avraham "Bren" Adan (Hebrew: אברהם "ברן" אדן‎; (1926-10-05)5 October 1926 – (2012-09-28)28 September 2012) was an Israeli major-general and author. Prior to Israel's independence, he served with the Palmach, an elite formation within the Haganah paramilitary force of the Yishuv community in British Mandatory Palestine. Adan fought under the Haganah and later under the newly formed Israel Defense Forces during the First Arab–Israeli War, and was photographed while raising the Israeli Ink Flag at the site of what is now Eilat to mark the end of the war. He served with the Israel Defense Forces from 1948 to 1977, and fought in all of the major Arab–Israeli wars that occurred during that period.

Israeli Declaration of Independence
The Israeli Declaration of Independence, formally the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel (Hebrew: הכרזה על הקמת מדינת ישראל), was proclaimed on 14 May 1948 (5 Iyar 5708), at the end of the civil war phase and beginning of the Arab–Israeli War of the 1948 Palestine war, by David Ben-Gurion, the executive head of the World Zionist Organization and chairman of the Jewish Agency for Palestine.

It declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine (or the Land of Israel in the Jewish tradition), to be known as the State of Israel, which would come into effect on termination of the British Mandate at midnight that day. While celebrated in Israel as Independence Day, a national holiday on 5 Iyar of every year according to the Hebrew calendar, Palestinians view the day as the start of Nakba, or "catastrophe", marking the mass displacements of Palestinians and the loss of homes and lands, and commemorate it annually on 15 May as Nakba Day.
Morzycko Lake
Morzycko Lake (Polish: Jezioro Morzycko; German: Mohriner See) is a lake located in the Myślibórz Lake District, in the eastern outer suburbs of the town of Moryń, in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Gmina Moryń, in Poland. The lake is part of the Cedynia Landscape Park.

Morzycko Lake is the ninth-deepest lake in Poland.

Concentric zone model
The concentric  zone model, also known as the Burgess model or the CCD model, is one of the earliest theoretical models to explain urban social structures. It was created by sociologist Ernest Burgess in 1925.
BB&T Classic
The BB&T Classic, originally the Franklin National Bank Classic, was a Washington, D.C.–based college basketball event held annually from 1995 to 2017. It raised funds for the Children's Charities Foundation, a fund-raising organization that financially supports Washington, D.C.–area charities, and was staged on or around the first weekend in December. Its name changed in 1999 after BB&T acquired Franklin National Bank that year. Played as a tournament with championship and consolation games from 1995 to 2004, the BB&T Classic was a non-tournament showcase event from 2005 to 2017. A decreasing ability to attract marquee teams and declining fan interest and television coverage led to its demise after the 2017 edition.

BB&T
BB&T Corporation (previously known as the Branch Banking and Trust Company) was one of the largest banking and financial services firms in the United States, based in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. In 2019, BB&T merged with Atlanta-based SunTrust Banks to form Truist Financial, which retains BB&T's stock price history and operates under BB&T's charter.
Ota Zaremba
Ota Zaremba (22 April 1957 – 23 January 2026) was a Czech weightlifter. Representing Czechoslovakia, he won gold medal in the heavyweight I class at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. He was also a world champion.

After he ended his career, Zaremba admitted he used doping throughout his career with the acknowledgment of the sport officials and coaches.

In 2010 Zaremba entered the far-right Workers' Party of Social Justice (DSSS).

Zaremba died on 23 January 2026, at the age of 68.

Workers' Party (Czech Republic)
The Workers' Party (Czech: Dělnická strana) was a Czech far-right, extremist, and neo-Nazi political party, founded by Tomáš Vandas in 2003. In 2010, it was banned, making it the first instance of a political party being abolished for its ideology in the modern history of Czechia. Its representatives, including Vandas, subsequently shifted their membership to the Workers' Party of Social Justice (Czech: Dělnická strana sociální spravedlnosti), founded in 2004.

The decision of the Supreme Administrative Court is a very important message for the entire Czech society. It is a message stating that the Czech Republic does not tolerate extremism. – Martin Pecina, Minister of the Interior of the Czech Republic
Fairholme Island
Fairholme Island is a member of the Queen Elizabeth Islands and the Arctic Archipelago in the territory of Nunavut. It is an irregularly shaped island located in the Penny Strait, between John Barrow Island and the entrance to Barrow Harbour, Devon Island. Sir John Barrow Monument is to the southeast.

Another, smaller Fairholme Island also lies within Nunavut, off Graham Gore Peninsula in the Alexandra Strait.

Sir John Barrow, 1st Baronet
Sir John Barrow, 1st Baronet, FRS, FRGS, FSA (19 June 1764 – 23 November 1848) was an English geographer, linguist, writer and civil servant. He partook in the Macartney Embassy to China, then worked and studied in South Africa, and served as the Second Secretary to the Admiralty from 1804 until 1845.
Aubrey Cleall
The Ven. Aubrey Victor George  Cleall (9 December 1898 – 6 May 1982) was an English Anglican clergyman who was Archdeacon of Colchester from 1959 to 1969.

CLeall was born in Chandler's Ford, Hampshire, to music teacher George Cleall and Cecelia Cawdell. He was educated at Selwyn College, Cambridge, and  ordained in 1925.  After a curacy in his home town he was Vicar of Waltham Abbey from  1929 until his appointment as archdeacon.

He died in Eastbourne, Sussex, aged 83. There is a memorial to him in South Perrott parish church.

Chandler's Ford
Chandler's Ford (originally The Ford and historically Chandlersford) is a largely residential area and civil parish in the Borough of Eastleigh, in Hampshire, England. It had a population of 21,436 according to the 2011  Census.

Chandler's Ford lies on the old Winchester to Southampton road and the 'Ford' is thought to refer either to the ford of Monks Brook on the Hursley Road (shown on the Hursley map of 1588 as "Charnells foord") or on the Winchester-Southampton road. The Chandler's prefix was possibly added in the late 16th century, although there are numerous theories for the origin of the word.

The head offices of Draper Tools, B&Q, Utilita Energy, Selwood and Ahmad Tea are located in Chandler's Ford.
1889 Home Nations Championship
The 1889 Home Nations Championship was the seventh series of the rugby union Home Nations Championship. Three matches were played between 2 February and 2 March. It was contested by Ireland, Scotland and Wales. England were excluded from the Championship due to their refusal to join the International Rugby Board.

London Welsh RFC
London Welsh Rugby Football Club was a rugby union club formed in 1885. Based in Old Deer Park, Richmond-upon-Thames, London Welsh RFC played in the English Premiership in the 2012–13 and 2014–15 seasons, after gaining promotion from the RFU Championship in the 2012 and 2014 play-off final. The club returned to Old Deer Park in 2015 after three seasons at the Kassam Stadium, Oxford.

The club went into liquidation in December 2016 and was given a temporary licence to complete two fixtures in the Championship. Chairman at the time Bleddyn Phillips claimed to have sold the club to a California-based investment group led by Welshman Trevor Owen Shaw, but no contract or funds ever materialised.

On 24 January 2017 it was announced that London Welsh had been removed from the RFU Championship and their results expunged. The RFU stated that their place in the league was "untenable" and the club were dissolved. The remnants of the defunct club were amalgamated into their amateur set up.
Dolgeville Airport
Dolgeville Airport (FAA LID: 1F6) is a privately owned, public use airport in Fulton County, New York, United States. It is one nautical mile (2 km) northeast of the central business district of Dolgeville, a village located in Fulton County and Herkimer County.

Herkimer County, New York
Herkimer County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 60,139. Its county seat is Herkimer. The county was created in 1791 north of the Mohawk River out of part of Montgomery County. It is named after General Nicholas Herkimer, who died from battle wounds in 1777 after taking part in the Battle of Oriskany during the Revolutionary War. The county is part of the Mohawk Valley region of the state.

Herkimer County is part of the Utica–Rome Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The Contrast (novel)
The Contrast is an 1832 novel by the British writer and politician Lord Normanby, originally published in three volumes. It was his third novel following Matilda (1825) and Yes and No (1828), all three of which were part of the developing silver fork genre focused on the fashionable aristocracy and upper classes of the late Regency period. It was written at the time of the Reform Act and examines the mixing of relationships across classes.

Aristocracy
Aristocracy (from Ancient Greek  ἀριστοκρατίᾱ (aristokratíā) 'rule of the best'; from  ἄριστος (áristos) 'best' and  κράτος (krátos) 'power, strength') is a form of government that places power in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class, the aristocrats.

Across Europe, the aristocracy exercised immense economic, political, and social influence. In Western Christian countries, the aristocracy was mostly equal with magnates, also known as the titled or higher nobility, however the members of the more numerous social class, the untitled lower nobility (petty nobility or gentry) were not part of the aristocracy.