hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stud (animal)
A stud animal is a registered animal retained for breeding. The terms for the male of a given animal species (stallion, bull, rooster, etc.) usually imply that the animal is intact—that is, not castrated—and therefore capable of siring offspring. A specialized vocabulary exists for de-sexed animals (gelding, steer, etc.) and those animals used in grading up to a purebred status.

Stud females are generally used to breed further stud animals, but stud males may be used in crossbreeding programs. Both sexes of stud animals are regularly used in artificial breeding programs.

A stud farm, in animal husbandry, is an establishment for selective breeding using stud animals. This results in artificial selection.

Neutering
Neutering, from the Latin neuter ('of neither sex'), is the removal of a non-human animal's reproductive organ, either all of it or a considerably large part. The male-specific term is castration, while spaying is usually reserved for female animals. Colloquially, both terms are often referred to as fixing. In male horses, castrating is referred to as gelding. An animal that has not been neutered is sometimes referred to as entire or intact. Often the term neuter[ing] is used to specifically mean castration, e.g. in phrases like "spay and neuter".

Neutering is the most common method for animal sterilization. Humane societies, animal shelters, and rescue groups urge pet owners to have their pets neutered to prevent the births of unwanted litters, which contribute to the overpopulation of unwanted animals in the rescue system. Many countries require that all adopted cats and dogs be sterilized before going to their new homes.
UFO: A Day in the Life
UFO: A Day in the Life is an adventure puzzle game developed by Love-de-Lic and published by ASCII Entertainment for the PlayStation exclusively in Japan.

Hamster announced the game to be re-released under the Console Archives label for Nintendo Switch 2 and PlayStation 5 at an unspecified date.

Hamster Corporation
Hamster Corporation (株式会社ハムスター, Kabushiki-gaisha Hamusutā) is a Japanese video game publisher, with office located in Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan. It was formed in November 1999 as a spin off of Toshiba-EMI Limited's gaming division.

On the Japanese PlayStation Store, more than 380 titles are distributed under the Arcade Archives brand, and 108 under the ACA Neo Geo brand.
Chilekwa Mumba
Chilekwa Mumba (born 1984 or 1985) is a Zambian community organizer and environmental activist. He is known for having organized a successful lawsuit against UK-based mining company Vedanta Resources, owner of the subsidiary Konkola Copper Mines in Zambia's Copperbelt Province, in response to pollution and environmental damage. It was the first time that an English court decided that a British company could be held responsible for environmental harm caused by its subsidiaries operating in another country.

In 2023, Mumba became a recipient of the Goldman Environmental Prize.

Vedanta Resources
Vedanta Resources Limited is a diversified mining company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It is the largest mining and non-ferrous metals company in India and has mining operations in Australia and Zambia and oil and gas operations in three countries. Its main products are zinc, lead, silver, oil and gas, iron ore, steel, aluminium and power. It has also developed commercial power stations in India in Odisha (2,400 MW) and Punjab (1,980 MW).

The company with 20,000 employees is primarily owned by the family of Anil Agarwal through Volcan Investments, a holding vehicle with a 61.7% stake in the business. Vedanta limited (formerly Sesa Goa / Sterlite) is one of the many Indian subsidiaries of Vedanta resources and operates iron ore mines in Goa.

Vedanta was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index until chairman, Anil Agarwal's offer to take the company private went unconditional in September 2018.
Psi Tauri
Psi Tauri, which is Latinized from ψ Tauri, is a solitary star in the zodiac constellation of Taurus. It has a yellow-white hue and is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +5.22. The distance to this system, as determined using an annual parallax shift of 36.2 mas as seen from the Earth, is 91 light years. It is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +9 km/s.

This object is an F-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of F1 V, which indicates it is undergoing core hydrogen fusion. It is about 1.4 billion years old and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 45 km/s. The star has 1.6 times the mass of the Sun and 1.4 times its radius. It is radiating 4.8 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 7,088 K.

Stellar core
A stellar core is the extremely hot, dense region at the center of a star. For an ordinary main sequence star, the core region is the volume where the temperature and pressure conditions allow for energy production through thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium. This energy in turn counterbalances the mass of the star pressing inward; a process that self-maintains the conditions in thermal and hydrostatic equilibrium. The minimum temperature required for stellar hydrogen fusion exceeds 107 K (10 MK), while the density at the core of the Sun is over 100 g/cm3. The core is surrounded by the stellar envelope, which transports energy from the core to the stellar atmosphere where it is radiated away into space.
Sergey Belosheev
Sergey Belosheev (Russian: Сергей Александрович Белошеев, born April 27, 1986) is a Russian draughts player (Russian, Brazilian and International draughts), two time world champion in draughts-64, seven time champion of Ukraine  at Russian draughts (2006-2010, 2012, 2013). International grandmaster (GMI) since 2005. He graduated Tavrida National V.I. Vernadsky University.

Brazilian draughts
Brazilian draughts (or Brazilian Checkers) is a variant of the  strategy board game draughts. Brazilian draughts follows the same rules and conventions as international draughts, the only differences are the smaller gameboard (8×8 squares instead of 10×10) and, therefore, fewer checkers per player (12 instead of 20).
Mass in C major, K. 220 "Sparrow"
The Sparrow Mass (German: Spatzenmesse) is a mass in C major K. 220/196b, Mass No. 9, Missa brevis No. 5, composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1775 or 1776 in Salzburg. The mass is sometimes termed a missa brevis et solemnis, because it is short in a simple structure as a missa brevis, but festively scored like a missa solemnis with brass and timpani in addition to four soloists, strings and organ. It was possibly first performed on 7 April 1776 in a mass for Easter at the Salzburg Cathedral. The nickname is derived from violin figures in the Hosanna which resemble bird chirping.

Köchel catalogue
The Köchel catalogue (German: Köchel-Verzeichnis) is a catalogue of compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, originally created by Ludwig Ritter von Köchel, in which the entries are abbreviated K. or KV. Its numbers reflect the ongoing task of compiling the chronology of Mozart's works, and provide a shorthand reference to the compositions. For example, according to Köchel's counting, Requiem in D minor is the 626th piece Mozart composed, thus is designated K. 626.

Köchel's original catalogue (1862) has been revised several times. Catalogue numbers from these revised editions are indicated either by parentheses or by superscript: K. 49 (47d) or K.6 47d refers to the work numbered 47d in the sixth edition. The catalog was originally chronological, though revisions made chronological ordering of Mozart's works difficult and as of 2024 a new organizational system is used for the ninth version.
Nototeuthis
Nototeuthis is a monotypic genus of squid, in the family Neoteuthidae. The only species in this genus is Nototeuthis dimegacotyle . This species is characterised by short tentacular clubs, less than 40% of the length of the mantle, and relatively long fins, which are approximately 60% of the mantle length. The tentacle clubs have two greatly enlarged suckers on distal portion of the manus, which distinguish N. dimegacotyle from other members of the Neoteuthidae. Few specimens of this species are currently known. Specimens have been collected from the south eastern Pacific Ocean, off Chile, between the Southern Subtropical and the Antarctic Polar frontal zones. This species is mesopelagic to bathypelagic and can be found from near the surface to a depth of ~500m.

Cephalopod limb
All cephalopods possess flexible limbs extending from their heads and surrounding their beaks. These appendages, which function as muscular hydrostats, have been variously termed arms, legs or tentacles.
Sanjiva Weerawarana
Sanjiva Weerawarana is a CEO, software developer and open-source software evangelist.  He is known for his work on Web Services standards including WSDL, BPEL, and WS-Addressing. He is the founder, chairman and CEO of WSO2, an open-source middleware company, and creator of the Ballerina programming language. His involvement with the Apache Software Foundation includes project work on SOAP, Apache Axis and Apache Axis2.

He has been instrumental in positioning Sri Lanka as a global technology center: In addition to founding WSO2, he started the Lanka Software Foundation to provide a platform for Sri Lankan software engineers to contribute to global open source initiatives. A staunch supporter of education and transparency, he is the founder of the Avinya Foundation, a non-profit dedicated to assisting underprivileged students.

Apache Axis
Apache Axis (Apache eXtensible Interaction System) is an open-source, XML based Web service framework. It consists of a Java and a C++ implementation of the SOAP server, and various utilities and APIs for generating and deploying Web service applications. Using Apache Axis, developers can create interoperable, distributed computing applications. Axis development takes place under the auspices of the Apache Software Foundation.
Melamine resin
Melamine resin or melamine formaldehyde (also shortened to melamine) is a resin with melamine rings terminated with multiple hydroxyl groups derived from formaldehyde.  This thermosetting plastic material is made from melamine and formaldehyde.  In its butylated form, it is dissolved in n-butanol and xylene. It is then used to cross-link with alkyd, epoxy, acrylic, and polyester resins, used in surface coatings. There are many types, varying from very slow to very fast curing.

Alkyd
An alkyd is a polyester resin modified by the addition of fatty acids and other components. Alkyds are derived from polyols and organic acids including dicarboxylic acids or carboxylic acid anhydride and triglyceride oils. The term alkyd is a modification of the original name "alcid", reflecting the fact that they are derived from alcohol and organic acids. The inclusion of a fatty acid confers a tendency to form flexible coatings. Alkyds are used in paints, varnishes and in moulds for casting. They are the dominant resin or binder in most commercial oil-based coatings. Approximately 200,000 tons of alkyd resins are produced each year. The original alkyds were compounds of glycerol and phthalic acid sold under the name Glyptal. These were sold as substitutes for the darker-colored copal resins, thus creating alkyd varnishes that were much paler in colour. From these, the alkyds that are known today were developed.
Dodge Kingsway
The Dodge Kingsway is an automobile built by Dodge for export markets. The Kingsway name was adopted for the 1940 models. Before that, the export models based on Plymouths had no unique model names.

Kingsways were rebadged Plymouth vehicles, although they were often equipped with Dodge bumpers and trim. They were supposed to help overseas Dodge dealers to sell cars in a lower price class. The first export models were made in 1935, and they continued through the 1959 model year, with many different body styles and variations depending on the market they were intended for and which Plymouth models were available at the time.

Plymouth Savoy
The Plymouth Savoy is an automobile which was produced in the 1951 through 1964 model years by Plymouth.

As with Plymouth's Plaza and Belvedere models, the Savoy was named after an upscale hotel, the Savoy Hotel in London.
Stan Van Sichem
Stan Van Sichem (born April 2, 1987) is a former professional Canadian football defensive lineman. He was drafted by the Montreal Alouettes in the fourth round of the 2009 CFL draft. He played CIS football for the Regina Rams. On February 26, 2010 Stan was traded to the Winnipeg Blue Bombers in exchange for import defensive end Gavin Walls.

2009 CFL draft
The 2009 CFL draft took place on Saturday, May 2, 2009 at 11:00 AM ET on TSN. 48 players were chosen from among 774 eligible players from Canadian universities across the country, as well as Canadian players playing in the NCAA. Of the 48 draft selections, 38 players were drafted from Canadian Interuniversity Sport institutions, including the first seven.

The first two rounds were broadcast live on TSN with CFL Commissioner Mark Cohon announcing each selection. The production was hosted by Rod Black and featured the CFL on TSN panel which included Duane Forde, Steve Sumarah, Stefan Ptaszek, Farhan Lalji, Glen Suitor, Matt Dunigan, and Chris Schultz who analyzed the teams' needs and picks.
Ball Park Music (album)
Ball Park Music is the sixth studio album by Australian indie rock band Ball Park Music. It was written and recorded in Brisbane throughout the 2019–20 Australian bushfire season, and released on 23 October 2020. The album was preceded by three singles – "Spark Up!", "Day & Age" and notably "Cherub", which polled at number four in the Triple J Hottest 100 of 2020.

The record achieved commercial success, debuting at number 2 on the ARIA Albums Chart. It was nominated for Australian Album of the Year at the 2020 J Awards and Album of the Year at the 2021 Queensland Music Awards, winning the latter. It was further nominated for Best Independent Release and Best Rock Album at the 2021 ARIA Awards.

J Awards of 2020
The J Awards of 2020 were the sixteenth annual J Awards, established by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's youth-focused radio station Triple J.

The eligibility period for releases took place between November 2019 and October 2020.

The winners were announced live on Triple J on 19 November 2020, with Lime Cordiale receiving the Australian Album of the Year Award for their album 14 Steps to a Better You, Archie Roach receiving the Double J Artist of the Year Award, Joey Hunter and Tasman Keith receiving the Australian Video of the Year Award for "Billy Bad Again", JK-47 receiving the Unearthed Artist of the Year Award, and Isol-Aid receiving the Done Good Award.
Peter Goddard (physicist)
Peter Goddard CBE FRS (born 3 September 1945) is a British mathematical physicist who works in string theory and conformal field theory.  Among his many contributions to these fields is the Goddard–Thorn theorem (proved together with Charles Thorn).

Mathematical physics
Mathematical physics is the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics. The Journal of Mathematical Physics defines the field as "the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods suitable for such applications and for the formulation of physical theories". An alternative definition would also include those mathematics that are inspired by physics, known as physical mathematics.
Mukkali railway station
Mukkali Railway Station  is a major railway station serving the town of Mukkali in the Kozhikode District of Kerala, India.It lies in the Shoranur–Mangalore section of the Southern Railways.  Trains halting at the station connect the town to prominent cities in India such as Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi, Chennai, Kollam, Bangalore, Kozhikode, Coimbatore, Mangalore, Mysore  and so forth.

Southern Railway zone
Southern Railway (abbreviated SR) is one of the 18 zones of Indian Railways. It is headquartered at Chennai and operates across the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka , Andhra Pradesh and the union territory of Puducherry. It maintains about 5,081 km (3,157 mi) of railway lines and operates 727 railway stations.

The origin of the Southern Railway can be traced back to the mid-19th century. In 1835, the first railway track in India was constructed in Madras and became operational in 1837. The Madras Railway was formally established later in 1845. The Southern Railway was created on 14 April 1950 by merging three state railways, namely, the Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway, the South Indian Railway Company, and the Mysore State Railway and became the first railway zone of the Indian Railways.
White Desert National Park
Sahara el Beyda, the White Desert Protected Area, is a national park in Egypt, first established as a protected area in 2002. It is located in the Farafra depression, 45 km (28 mi) north of the town of Qasr Al Farafra. Part of the park is in the Farafra Oasis (New Valley Governorate).

The park is the site of large white chalk rock formations, created through erosion by wind and sand. It is also the site of cliffs (at the northern end of the Farafra Depression), sand dunes (part of the Great Sand Sea), as well as Wadi Hennis and oases at Ain El Maqfi  and  Ain El Wadi.

White Desert National Park covers an area of 300 km2 (120 mi2). The highest point in the park is at El Qess Abu Said at 353 m (1,158 ft) above sea level, and the lowest is at Wadi Hennis at 32 m (105 ft).

The park serves as the refuge for various animals, including the endangered rhim gazelle and the vulnerable dorcas gazelle, as well as Barbary sheep; jackals; Rüppell's, red and fennec foxes; and the sand cat.

Barbary sheep
The Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia), also known as aoudad (pronounced [ˈɑʊdæd]), is a species of caprine native to rocky mountains in North Africa and parts of West Africa. While this is the only species in genus Ammotragus, six subspecies have been described.  Although it is rare in its native North Africa, it has been introduced to North America, southern Europe, and elsewhere.  It is also known in Berber languages as waddan or arwi, and in former French territories as the mouflon.
LANtastic
LANtastic is a peer-to-peer local area network (LAN) operating system for DOS and Microsoft Windows (and formerly OS/2). The New York Times described the network, which permits machines to function both as servers and as workstations, as allowing computers, "to share printers and other devices."

InformationWeek pointed out that "these peer-to-peer networking solutions, such as Webcorp's Web and Artisoft's LANtastic, definitely aren't powerful, but they can act as 'starter' local area networks" yet added that even Fortune-sized companies find them useful.

LANtastic supports Ethernet, ARCNET and Token Ring adapters as well as its original twisted-pair adapter at 2 Mbit/s.

Token Ring
Token Ring is a physical and data link layer computer networking technology used to build local area networks. It was introduced by IBM in 1984, and standardized in 1989 as IEEE 802.5. It uses a special three-byte frame called a token that is passed around a logical ring of workstations or servers. This token passing is a channel access method providing fair access for all stations, and eliminating the collisions of contention-based access methods.

Following its introduction, Token Ring technology became widely adopted, particularly in corporate environments, but was gradually eclipsed by newer iterations of Ethernet. The last formalized Token Ring standard that was completed was Gigabit Token Ring (IEEE 802.5z), published on May 4, 2001.
Rauischholzhausen Castle
Rauischholzhausen Castle (German: Schloss Rauischholzhausen) is a German castle located on the outskirts of Rauischholzhausen, a village in Ebsdorfergrund in the southeast of Marburg-Biedenkopf district in Hesse. Today, the castle belongs to the University of Giessen, which uses it as a conference facility. The castle is surrounded by the 32-hectare (79-acre) Rauischholzhausen Castle Park, an English landscape garden that was created together with the construction of the castle between 1871 and 1876.

Ebsdorfergrund
Ebsdorfergrund (German pronunciation: [ˈɛpsdɔʁfɐˌɡʁʊnt]) is a municipality consisting of eleven villages in the southeast of Marburg-Biedenkopf district in Hesse, Germany.

The municipality's municipal area extends over the Ebsdorfer Grund in the valley of the Zwester Ohm and the areas around its edges, connecting the Amöneburg Basin with the middle Lahn valley between Marburg and Gießen.

Through the municipal area runs a highway from Fronhausen (Autobahn interchange in Gießen by Bundesstraße B 3) to Kirchhain. Another one joins Marburg with Grünberg.

The old ring railway, the Marburger Kreisbahn, which opened in 1905 and ran through the municipal area to Dreihausen, was shut down in 1972.
Neil Alford
Neil McNeill Alford  is a British materials scientist and professor of Physical Electronics and Thin Film Materials at Imperial College London. He is known for research in functional materials, particularly microwave dielectrics, ferroelectric thin films, and the development of the first room-temperature solid-state maser.

Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Journal of the American Ceramic Society is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published on behalf of The American Ceramic Society by Wiley-Blackwell. It was established in 1918 and the current editor-in-chief is John C. Mauro. Publishing formats include full length original research, communications (rapid publishing), feature articles, and review articles. The journal covers all aspects of research on ceramic materials science.
Gandorhun
Gandorhun is a major diamond-producing town in Sierra Leone and major town in the Pujehun District of the Southern Province. Gandorhun is one of the main cities in Southern Sierra Leone and lies about 45 miles southwest of Bo. The city has a population of around 12,288 residents and is mainly inhabited by the Mende people.

Mende people
The Mende are one of the two largest ethnic groups in Sierra Leone; their neighbours, the Temne people, constitute the largest ethnic group at 35.5% of the total population, which is slightly larger than the Mende at 31.2%.  The Mende are predominantly found in the Southern Province and the Eastern Province. The Mende are mostly farmers and hunters. Some of the major cities with significant Mende populations include Bo, Kenema, Kailahun, and Moyamba.

Like a majority of African nations, Sierra Leone's political parties are often tied to specific ethnic groups and have been dominated by the Mende, on the one hand, and the Temne and their long-time political allies, the Limba, on the other. The Mende are known to typically support the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP), while the Temnes and Limbas are associated with the All People's Congress party (APC).
Belzer
Belzer (/ˈbɛlzər/ or /ˈbɛltsər/), or Beltzer /ˈbɛltsər/, is a Yiddish surname. It derives from the adjectival form of Belz (Yiddish: בעלזא, Galicia) or Bălți (Bessarabia), both shtetlekh. It can mean adjective form, or a member of the Belzer Hasidim.

Bălți
Bălți (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈbəltsʲ] ⓘ) is a city in Moldova. It is the third-largest city in terms of population, area and economic importance, after Chișinău and Tiraspol. The city holds the status of Municipality. It is a major industrial, cultural and commercial centre and transportation hub in the north of the country. It is situated 127 kilometres (79 mi) north of the capital Chișinău, and is located on the river Răut, a tributary of the Dniester, on a hilly landscape in the Bălți steppe.