hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Warner Wick
Warner Wick (1911 - 1985) was an American philosopher and William Rainey Harper professor of humanities at the University of Chicago. He served as the editor of Ethics. He received the Quantrell Award.

Quantrell Award
The Quantrell Award, or the Llewellyn John and Harriet Manchester Quantrell Awards for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching is a prize awarded by the University of Chicago for excellence in undergraduate teaching.
WAVE (TV)
WAVE (channel 3) is a television station in Louisville, Kentucky, United States, affiliated with NBC and owned by Gray Media. The station's studios are located on South Floyd Street in downtown Louisville, and its transmitter is located in Floyds Knobs, Indiana.

Floyds Knobs, Indiana
Floyds Knobs is a small unincorporated community in Lafayette Township, Floyd County, Indiana, United States. Historically a farming community on the outskirts of New Albany, it has since become a bedroom community for Louisville, Kentucky. It contains subdivisions, farms, small shopping centers, churches, a now-closed silver mine, and transmitters for many of the area's television and radio stations. It is also the location of Floyd Central High School, a Gold Star rated school by the Indiana Department of Education. Floyds Knobs has a population of about 11,412 to 12,439.
Schuette–Nesbitt formula
In mathematics, the Schuette–Nesbitt formula is a generalization of the inclusion–exclusion principle. It is named after Donald R. Schuette and Cecil J. Nesbitt.

The probabilistic version of the Schuette–Nesbitt formula has practical applications in actuarial science, where it is used to calculate the net single premium for life annuities and life insurances based on the general symmetric status.

Indicator function
In mathematics, an indicator function or a characteristic function of a subset of a set is a function that maps elements of the subset to one, and all other elements to zero. That is, if A is a subset of some set X, then the indicator function of A is the function  defined by  if  and  otherwise. Other common notations are 𝟙A and

The indicator function of A is the Iverson bracket of the property of belonging to A; that is,

For example, the Dirichlet function is the indicator function of the rational numbers as a subset of the real numbers.
Dhani dialect
Dhani or Dhanni (دھنّی; pronounced [ˈd̥ə˥˩n.niː]) is a western dialect of the Punjabi language spoken in the southern region of the Pothohar Plateau in Punjab, Pakistan. It is predominantly spoken in the Chakwal and Talagang districts; as well as in the southern portions of Attock and Jhelum districts. Its name is derived from Dhan valley, located 35 km away from Rawalpindi. It has many subdialects including Sohāī̃ (سوہائیِں), spoken west of the Soan River, in the tehsils of Fateh Jang and Pindi Gheb in Attock District.

Pindi Gheb Tehsil
Pindi Gheb Tehsil  (in Punjabi  and   Urdu: تحصِيل پِنڈى گهيب) is an administrative subdivision (tehsil), of Attock District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, the capital is the town of Pindi Gheb.

The tehsil is administratively subdivided into 13 Union Councils, two of which form the capital - Pindi Gheb.
Garrett Conover and Alexandra Conover Bennett
Garrett and Alexandra Conover have been professional canoe and snowshoe guides since 1980. They are American authors and registered Maine Guides, who have specialized in traditional wilderness travelling techniques of the boreal north woods.

Snowshoe
Snowshoes are specialized outdoor gear for walking over snow. Their large footprint spreads the user's weight out and allows them to travel largely on top of rather than through snow. Adjustable bindings attach them to appropriate winter footwear.

Traditional snowshoes have a hardwood frame filled in with rawhide latticework. Modern snowshoes are made of lightweight metal, plastic, and other synthetic materials.

In the past, snowshoes were essential equipment for anyone dependent on travel in deep and frequent snowfall, such as  fur trappers. They retain that role in areas where motorized vehicles cannot reach or are inconvenient to use. However, their greatest contemporary use is for recreation.
Shadow Minister for Employment
The office of Shadow Minister for Employment is a position on the United Kingdom's Official Opposition frontbench, and has occasionally been a position in the Shadow Cabinet.

From 1970 to 1995, the duty of the office holder was to scrutinise the actions of the government's Secretary of State for Employment and develop alternative policies. From 1995, the office shadowed the Secretary of State for Education and Employment. In 2001, the office was replaced by that of Shadow Secretary of State for Work and Pensions after the creation of the Department for Work and Pensions.

In 2019, the office was reformed in the Shadow Cabinet of Jeremy Corbyn as Shadow Minister for Labour; later renamed Secretary of State for Employment Rights and, in the Shadow Cabinet of Keir Starmer, Shadow Secretary of State for Employment Rights and Protections. The position was vacant after the resignation of Andy McDonald, who was replaced by Alison McGovern in the November 2021 reshuffle.

Secretary of State for Education
The secretary of state for education, also referred to as the education secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, responsible for the work of the Department for Education, mainly overseeing education in England. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom. As education is fully devolved to the Scottish Government, Welsh Government and Northern Ireland Executive, the post holder has no jurisdiction or influence in education policy or direction in Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland.

The office holder works alongside the other Education ministers. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow secretary of state for education, and the work of the secretary of state is also scrutinised by the Education Select Committee.

The current education secretary is Bridget Phillipson.
Damien Memorial School
Damien Memorial School is a private Roman Catholic preparatory school for boys and girls in grades 6–12 in Kalihi, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States.  Located in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu, the school is sponsored by the Congregation of Christian Brothers and is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges.

Western Association of Schools and Colleges
The Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC (/wɒsk/ WOSK)) provided accreditation of public and private universities, colleges, secondary and elementary schools in California and Hawaii, the territories of Guam, American Samoa and Northern Marianas Islands, in addition to the Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, the Pacific Rim, Peru, Czech Republic, Armenia, and East Asia.

Until 2012, WASC was a single organization with three units. In 2012, it separated into three organizations that share the WASC acronym:

The Accrediting Commission for Schools (ACS WASC)

The Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges (ACCJC)

The Senior College and University Commission (WSCUC)
Ramata Parish
Ramata Parish (Latvian: Ramatas pagasts) is an administrative unit of Valmiera Municipality in the Vidzeme region of Latvia. Prior to 2009, it was an administrative unit of the former Valmiera district. The administrative center is Ramata village.

Valmiera district
The Valmiera district (Latvian: Valmieras rajons) was an administrative division of Latvia, located in the Vidzeme region, in the country's north-east. Its administrative center was Valmiera. It bordered Estonia to the north and the former districts of Limbaži to the west, Valka to the east and Cēsis to the south. It was the eighth largest district in Latvia and had a population of 60,345 (2000 census).

Districts were eliminated during the administrative-territorial reform in 2009, after they had been introduced during the Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1949, replacing counties.
Brewer Island
Brewer Island is an island in the San Francisco Bay, in San Mateo County, California. Originally owned by W. P. A. Brewer, for over one hundred years it was used for hay farming. Several attempts to develop the island failed between 1912 and 1959. Ultimately, a venture by Richard Grant and T. Jack Foster succeeded in 1960; Brewer Island's surface was raised by 6 ft (1.8 m), an artificial lake was dug in its center, and it became the location of what is now known as Foster City.

San Mateo County, California
San Mateo County, officially the County of San Mateo, is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 764,442. Redwood City is the county seat, the third-most populated city in the county after Daly City and San Mateo.

San Mateo County is included in the San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley, CA MSA (metropolitan statistical area), Silicon Valley, and is part of the San Francisco Bay Area, the nine counties bordering San Francisco Bay. As of 2020, it has a median household income of $128,091, the fourth-highest household income of any county in the nation behind Loudoun County, Virginia, Falls Church, Virginia, and Santa Clara County, California.

The county covers most of the San Francisco Peninsula. The county is predominantly suburban and is home to many corporate campuses.
Naruto Hichō (1977 TV series)
Naruto Hichō (鳴門秘帖) is a Japanese jidaigeki or period drama that was broadcast in prime-time in 1977 to 1978. It is based on Eiji Yoshikawa's novel Naruto Hichō. The lead star is Masakazu Tamura. Norizuki is an Oniwaban of Tokugawa Shogunate. He goes to Awa Province to investigate a conspiracy in the Tokushima Han. There was a remake broadcast in 2018.

Ninja
A ninja (忍者; English: /ˈnɪndʒə/, Japanese: [ɲiꜜɲ.dʑa]), shinobi no mono (忍の者; Japanese: [ɕi.no.bʲi no mo.noꜜ]) or shinobi (忍び; Japanese: [ɕi.no.bʲi]) was a spy and infiltrator in pre-modern Japan. Antecedents may have existed as early as the 12th century. Current legends to the contrary, there is little evidence that they were assassins.

In the unrest of the Sengoku period, the jizamurai, peasant-warriors in Iga Province and the adjacent Kōka District, formed ikki – "revolts" or "leagues" – as a means of self-defense. They became known for their military activities in the nearby regions and sold their services as mercenaries and spies. Following the Tokugawa shogunate in the 17th century, the ninja faded into obscurity.
Van Nuys station (Los Angeles Metro)
Van Nuys station is a temporarily closed bus rapid transit station on the G Line of the Los Angeles Metro Busway system. It has been closed since February 21, 2025, for the G Line Improvements Project, with G Line buses detoured to a temporary stop on Oxnard Street, one block south of the busway. It is being rebuilt as an elevated station on a viaduct over Van Nuys Boulevard and Vesper Avenue, north-south roads that run perpendicular to the station. Once completed it will continue serving the Van Nuys neighborhood of Los Angeles in the San Fernando Valley. The project is expected to be completed in December 2027.

The construction also impacts the G Line Bikeway, which previously ran alongside the busway. A 1.36-mile (2.19 km) section between Sepulveda Boulevard and Tyrone Avenue was closed to allow utility lines to be relocated under the bike path. After work is completed, the bikeway will be rebuilt. A detour routes cyclists onto nearby neighborhood streets.

Viaduct
A viaduct is a bridge that consists of a series of arches, piers or columns supporting a long elevated railway or road. Typically a viaduct connects two points of roughly equal elevation, allowing direct overpass across a wide valley, road, river, or other low-lying terrain features and obstacles. The term viaduct is derived from the Latin via meaning "road", and ducere meaning "to lead". It is a 19th-century derivation from an analogy with ancient Roman aqueducts. Like the Roman aqueducts, many early viaducts comprised a series of arches of roughly equal length.
William Roerick
William George Roerich (December 17, 1912 – November 30, 1995) was an American actor.

He is particularly associated with the stage, but also played in many films and television productions. He was also a stage manager and writer. His name is sometimes given as William Roehrick.

Marat/Sade
The Persecution and Assassination of Jean-Paul Marat as Performed by the Inmates of the Asylum of Charenton Under the Direction of the Marquis de Sade (German: Die Verfolgung und Ermordung Jean Paul Marats dargestellt durch die Schauspielgruppe des Hospizes zu Charenton unter Anleitung des Herrn de Sade), usually shortened to Marat/Sade (pronounced [ma.ʁa.sad]), is a play written in 1963 by Peter Weiss and fully staged for the first time the following year. The work was first published in German.

Incorporating dramatic elements characteristic of both Antonin Artaud and Bertolt Brecht, it is a depiction of class struggle and human suffering that asks whether true revolution comes from changing society or changing oneself.
National Park of the Gulf of Orosei and Gennargentu
The Gennargentu National Park (also National Park of the Bay of Orosei and Gennargentu; Italian: Parco Nazionale del Golfo di Orosei e del Gennargentu) is a national park on the east coast of Sardinia.

Wildlife in the park includes the Felis lybica sarda (also known as Sardinian wildcat), the mouflon, the marten, the weasel, the edible dormouse, the garden dormouse, the Sardinian fox, the griffon vulture, the golden eagle, the Bonelli's eagle, the peregrine falcon, the great spotted woodpecker, the butterfly Corsican swallowtail. Marine mammals include the Mediterranean monk seal, the fin whale, sperm whale, and various smaller whales and dolphins.

The park lies in the provinces of Nuoro and Ogliastra.

The highest mountain in Sardinia, Punta La Marmora, in the Gennargentu mountain range is within the boundaries of the National Park.

Province of Ogliastra
The province of Ogliastra (Italian: provincia dell'Ogliastra, [proˈvintʃa delloʎˈʎastra], Sardinian: Provìntzia de Ogiastra) is a province in the autonomous region of Sardinia in Italy. The province has two capitals; Lanusei and Tortolì. Ogliastra is the most mountainous province in Sardinia. With 53,984 inhabitants as of 2025, it is also the least populous province of Italy. The province has a population density of 29 inhabitants per square kilometer, also making it the least densely populated province of Italy.

It was established in 2005 from a section of the province of Nuoro, however it was disestablished 2016 Regional Decree and integrated back into the province of Nuoro, and then re-established on 1 May 2025 per a 2021 decree.
Frieman
Frieman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Catherine Frieman (born 1982), American archaeologist and professor

Edward A. Frieman (1926–2013), American physicist

Jonathan Frieman, American political activist

Joshua A. Frieman, theoretical astrophysicist

Catherine Frieman
Catherine J. Frieman is an archaeologist and associate professor at the Australian National University. Her research investigates conservatism and innovation, and she is a specialist in material culture and technology.
First Time! The Count Meets the Duke
First Time! The Count Meets the Duke is an album by American pianists, composers and bandleaders Duke Ellington and Count Basie with their combined Orchestras recorded and released on the Columbia label in 1961.

On stereo releases of the album, Basie's band is featured on the left channel and Ellington's on the right.

Frank Foster (jazz musician)
Frank Benjamin Foster III (September 23, 1928 – July 26, 2011) was an American tenor and soprano saxophonist, flautist, arranger, and composer. Foster collaborated frequently with Count Basie and worked as a bandleader from the early 1950s. In 1998, Howard University awarded Frank Foster with the Benny Golson Jazz Master Award.
Nicholas Wheatley
Nicholas Wheatley (born 12 April 1993) is an Australian former representative rower. He was an Australian national champion, represented at the 2015 World Rowing Championships and was twice a medallist at U23 World Rowing Championships.

Australian Rowing Championships
The Australian Rowing Championships is an annual rowing event that determines Australia's national rowing champions and facilitates selection of Australian representative crews for World Championships and the Olympic Games. It is Australia's premier regatta, with states, clubs and schools sending their best crews. The Championships commence with the National Regatta - men's, women's and lightweight events in open, under 23, under 19, under 17 and school age events. Rowers at the National Regatta race in their local club colours with composite crews permitted. The Championships conclude with the Interstate Regatta - currently eight events competed by state representative crews or scullers selected by the state rowing associations. The states compete for an overall points tally which decides the Zurich Cup.
Clifton House, Pennsylvania
Clifton House, previously known as Sandy Tavern, is a historic building located at 473 Bethlehem Pike in Fort Washington, Pennsylvania.

During the autumn of 1777, George Washington's Continental Army spent six weeks camped at nearby Whitemarsh. Colonels Clement Biddle (the "Quaker General" and member of one of Philadelphia's prominent families) and Stephen Moylan, and General George Wheedon, were quartered here during the encampment.

The house that currently stands on the property was built in 1801.  At the time of the American Revolution, it was known as the Sandy Tavern.

Today, the Clifton House is a library and museum operated by the Fort Washington Historical Society, and also serves as the society's headquarters.

Biddle family
The Biddle family of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is an Old Philadelphian family descended from English immigrants William Biddle (1630–1712) and Sarah Kempe (1634–1709), who arrived in the Province of New Jersey in 1681. Quakers, they had emigrated from England in part to escape religious persecution. Having acquired extensive rights to more than 43,000 acres (170 km2) of lands in West Jersey, they settled first at Burlington, a city which developed along the east side of the Delaware River.

William Biddle, 3rd (1698–1756), and John Biddle (1707–1789), two third-generation brothers, moved from Mount Hope (now Kinkora, near Bordentown, also on the east side of the Delaware), to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the 1720s and 1730s. They constituted the first generation of the Philadelphia Biddle family, which became involved in the business, political and cultural life of Pennsylvania and the United States.
Labidochromis freibergi
Labidochromis freibergi is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi where it is only known to occur around Likoma Island in areas with rocky substrates.  This species grows to a length of 8 centimetres (3.1 in) TL. The specific name of this species honours the American fish importer Jacob Freiberg.

Lake Malawi
Lake Malawi, also known as Lake Nyasa in Tanzania and Lago Niassa in Mozambique, (Swahili: Ziwa Nyasa) is an African Great Lake and the southernmost lake in the East African Rift system, located between Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania.

It is the fourth largest freshwater lake in the world by volume, the ninth largest lake in the world by area and the third largest and second deepest lake in Africa. Lake Malawi is home to more species of fish than any other lake in the world, including at least 700 species of cichlids. The Mozambique portion of the lake was officially declared a reserve by the Government of Mozambique on June 10, 2011, while in Malawi a portion of the lake is included in Lake Malawi National Park.

Lake Malawi is a meromictic lake, meaning that its water layers do not mix. The permanent stratification of Lake Malawi's water and the oxic-anoxic boundary are maintained by moderately small chemical and thermal gradients.
Brodie Dupont
Brodie Dupont (born February 17, 1987) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey forward and current coach. He was most recently head coach of the UK Elite Ice Hockey League (EIHL) side Cardiff Devils. He was drafted in the 3rd round, 66th overall by the New York Rangers in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft.

2005 NHL entry draft
The 2005 NHL entry draft was the 43rd entry draft for the National Hockey League. Originally scheduled to be held on June 25, it was postponed to July 30 due to the 2004–05 NHL lockout.

Special procedures were required to determine the order of picks, because the previous season had been cancelled due to the lockout. The first overall pick was won in a lottery by the Pittsburgh Penguins, who selected Sidney Crosby.

As of 2025, the remaining active players in the NHL from this draft are Sidney Crosby, Jack Johnson, Anze Kopitar, Kris Letang, Jonathan Quick, Ryan Reaves, and Marc-Edouard Vlasic.
1954 Meistaradeildin
1954 Meistaradeildin was the twelfth season of Meistaradeildin, the top tier of the Faroese football league system. The championship was contested in a league format, with four teams playing against each other twice. KÍ Klaksvík won its fourth league title in the season.

Football in the Faroe Islands
Football is the most popular sport in the Faroe Islands, which is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark. 60% of those who play sport on the islands play football. Football in the Faroe Islands is governed by the Faroe Islands Football Association, and it is a member of UEFA and FIFA, despite not being a sovereign state.
Columbia (barque)
Columbia was a barque launched in 1835 in London for the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC). She served in the service of the Columbia District of the HBC on the Columbia River and elsewhere in the Pacific Northwest in the 1830s and 1840s.

Columbia first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1836 with Darbey, master, and Hudson's Bay Company, owner.

On her maiden voyage, in 1835, she served as escort to the Beaver. Her voyages included the coast of California and the Sandwich Islands. In July 1846, the Columbia was nearly lost when a "summer gale" shifted the sands of the bar while she was mid-crossing. She made six voyages out of London in all, and spent part of 1846–1847 in Fort Victoria, British Columbia. Columbia was sold in 1850.

Various letters addressed to sailors serving aboard the barque Columbia survive in the book Undelivered Letters to Hudson's Bay Company Men on the Northwest Coast of America, 1830-57.

Fort Victoria (British Columbia)
Fort Victoria began as a fur trading post of the Hudson's Bay Company and was the headquarters of HBC operations in the Columbia District, a large fur trading area now part of the province of British Columbia, Canada and the U.S. state of Washington. Construction of Fort Victoria in 1843 highlighted the beginning of a permanent British settlement now known as Victoria, the capital city of British Columbia. The fort itself was demolished in November 1864 as the town continued to grow as a commercial centre serving the local area as well as trading with California, Washington Territory, the United Kingdom, and others.

The location of Fort Victoria was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1924.