hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bougainville Independence Movement
Bougainville Independence Movement (BIM) was a political party in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, of eastern Papua New Guinea.

The party's creation was announced on 6 April 2005 by James Tanis, who invited rebel leader Francis Ona to lead the group. Tanis had been the Bougainville Peace Minister and vice-president of the Bougainville People's Congress. Tanis stated he wanted the party to represent the "independence aspirations of the Bougainville people". He finished third in the presidential election, behind Joseph Kabui and John Momis.

Tanis won the 2008 presidential by-election following Kabui's death, serving under the BIM banner. He was defeated at the 2010 election. Tanis subsequently worked for the government as a senior public servant, and the party did not contest the 2015 election.

In the 2019 Bougainvillean independence referendum, 98% of the voters supported independence.

James Tanis
James Tanis (born 1965?) is a politician in Papua New Guinea who was elected President of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville in 2008 following the death of Joseph Kabui while in office, serving the remainder of the term from 2009 to 2010. He was previously the Vice President of the Bougainville People's Congress.
Belgica Rupes
Belgica Rupes is an escarpment in the Debussy quadrangle of Mercury. The escarpment is approximately 425 km long and cuts across the crater Carleton. It was named after the RV Belgica, a Belgian ship used for an expedition to determine the position of the South Magnetic Pole in 1898, and the first ship to winter in Antarctica.  Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 2013.

Exaggerated color image with Carleton and Belgica Rupes in upper left

Escarpment
An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that forms as a result of faulting or erosion and separates two relatively level areas having different elevations.

Similarity causes  the term scarp to be incorrectly used interchangeably with escarpment, which refers to the margin between two landforms as opposed to scarp, which refers to a cliff or a steep slope. In this usage, an escarpment is a ridge that has a gentle slope on one side and a steep scarp on the other side.

More loosely, the term scarp also describes a zone between a coastal lowland and a continental plateau that shows a marked, abrupt change in elevation caused by coastal erosion at the base of the plateau.
Stephen Dunifer
Stephen Dunifer (born 1951/1952) is an American radio engineer, author and anarchist socialist who founded Free Radio Berkeley in 1993 Berkeley, California.

Free Radio Berkeley, an unlicensed micropower pirate radio station, was an expression of Dunifer's socialist anarchist principles, and was inspired by Black Liberation Radio in Springfield, Illinois and by Japanese micropower radio stations.  Free Radio Berkeley was involved in a protracted legal case with the Federal Communications Commission in the mid-1990s. At the time, it was illegal to broadcast on less than 100 watts.

Pirate radio
Pirate radio is a radio station that broadcasts without a valid license, whether an invalid license or no license at all. In some cases, radio stations are considered legal where the signal is transmitted, but illegal where the signals are received—especially when the signals cross a national boundary.

In other cases, a broadcast may be considered "pirate" due to the nature of its content, its transmission format (especially a failure to transmit a station identification according to regulations), or the transmit power (wattage) of the station, even if the transmission is not technically illegal (such as an amateur radio transmission).  Pirate radio is sometimes called bootleg radio (a term especially associated with two-way radio), clandestine radio (associated with heavily politically motivated operations)  or free radio.
Journal of Thoracic Disease
The Journal of Thoracic Disease is a peer-reviewed open access medical journal covering pulmonology. It was established in December 2009 and is published monthly by AME Publishing Company. It is the official journal of the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and the Society for Thoracic Disease. The editor-in-chief is Zhong Nanshan (Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 2.365.

Guangzhou Medical University
Guangzhou Medical University (GZHMU; 广州医科大学) is a municipal public medical university in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. It is affiliated with the City of Guangzhou and funded by the municipal government. The university is part of the Double First-Class Construction.

The university was formerly known as Guangzhou Medical College.
Visa requirements for Bosnia and Herzegovina citizens
Visa requirements for Bosnia and Herzegovina citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

As of 2025, Bosnia and Herzegovina citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 122 countries and territories, ranking the Bosnia and Herzegovina passport 43rd, tied with Albanian passport in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.

In 2016, the Bosnia and Herzegovina passport was declared one of the five passports with the most improved rating since 2006.

Henley Passport Index
The Henley Passport Index is an annual global ranking of countries according to the travel freedom allowed by those countries' ordinary passports for their citizens. It was launched in 2005 as Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index and was updated to Henley Passport Index in January 2018. The index is updated on a quarterly basis to reflect changes in global visa policies.

The index annually ranks 199 passports of the world by the number of countries that their holders can travel to without requiring a visa. The number of countries that a specific passport can access becomes its visa-free "score". The data is obtained from the International Air Transport Association (IATA)'s Timatic documentation requirements database.
Sebastián Aguirre (rugby union)
Sebastián Sarandi Aguirre (born 15 July 1976 in Montevideo) is a Uruguayan rugby union player. He plays as a fly-half. He is the younger brother of Diego Aguirre, also an international player for the "Teros".

Aguirre currently plays for Carrasco Polo Club. He was suspended for five months in October 2008, after incidents at the match with Old Christians.

He had 28 caps for Uruguay, from 1998 to 2007, scoring 1 try, 3 conversions, 5 penalties and 1 drop goal, 29 points on aggregate.

Aguirre was selected for the 1999 Rugby World Cup, playing a single match, and for the 2003 Rugby World Cup, playing in three matches, but never scoring. He was involved in the 2007 Rugby World Cup qualifyings, lost in the repechage to Portugal, the last time he played for the "Teros".

Carrasco Polo Club
Carrasco Polo Club is a Uruguayan sports club from the Carrasco neighbourhood of Montevideo. Its name references directly the polo team and the fact that Carrasco has one of Uruguay's leading equestrian centres. Apart from polo, the club hosts a large variety of sports, such as equitation, field hockey, football, rugby union and tennis.

The rugby union team currently competes in Campeonato Uruguayo, the first division of Uruguayan league system. Carrasco Polo is the most successful rugby club of Uruguay, with 28 championships won.

The club's main rival is Old Christians.
Final Descent (album)
Final Descent is the third and final studio album by American deathrock band Samhain, first released in 1990, more than three years after lead singer Glenn Danzig and bassist Eerie Von had recruited guitarist John Christ and drummer Chuck Biscuits to form Danzig.

Deathrock
Deathrock (or death rock) is a subgenre of rock music  that merges punk rock with gothic and glam rock visuals, alongside elements of horror film scores. Often overlapping with, and sometimes considered a subgenre of, gothic rock, the genre was pioneered by bands from the early 1980s Los Angeles punk scene, including Christian Death, Kommunity FK, 45 Grave and the Super Heroines.

By the middle of the decade, the genre had begun to interact with the United Kingdom's gothic rock scene, leading to the formation of English deathrock bands like Sex Gang Children and Alien Sex Fiend though the scene quickly declined and its name largely fell out of use. By the late 1990s, a revival of the genre began with groups like Bloody Dead and Sexy, the Phantom Limbs and Tragic Black expanding the scope of the genre to include elements of psychobilly, electronic body music and futurepop.
Execution in the Brzask Forest
Execution in the Brzask Forest was a mass execution of Polish citizens carried out by the German occupiers on 29 June 1940 in the Brzask Forest near Skarżysko-Kamienna.

During the all-day massacre, German SS officers and Ordnungspolizei executed approximately 760 people. Among the murdered were members of Polish underground organizations and representatives of the social and intellectual elite from the area of the pre-war Kielce Voivodeship, arrested as part of the so-called AB-Aktion. The crime at Brzask was the largest execution carried out in the Kielce Land during the German occupation.

Polish resistance movement in World War II
In Poland, the resistance movement during World War II was led by the Home Army. The Polish resistance is notable among others for disrupting German supply lines to the Eastern Front (damaging or destroying 1/8 of all rail transports), and providing intelligence reports to the British intelligence agencies (providing 43% of all reports from occupied Europe). It was a part of the Polish Underground State.
Diamond color
A chemically pure and structurally perfect diamond is perfectly transparent with no hue, or color. However, in reality almost no gem-sized natural diamonds are absolutely perfect. The color of a diamond may be affected by chemical impurities and/or structural defects in the crystal lattice. Depending on the hue and intensity of a diamond's coloration, a diamond's color can either detract from or enhance its value. For example, most colorless (white) diamonds are discounted in price when more yellow hue is detectable, while intense pink diamonds or blue diamonds (such as the Hope Diamond) can be dramatically more valuable. Of all colored diamonds, red diamonds are the rarest. The Aurora Pyramid of Hope displays a spectacular array of naturally colored diamonds, including red diamonds.

Color of chemicals
The color of chemicals is a physical property of chemicals that in most cases comes from the excitation of electrons due to an absorption of energy performed by the chemical.

The study of chemical structure by means of energy absorption and release is generally referred to as spectroscopy.
Dennis Smith (darts player)
Dennis Smith (born 2 August 1969) is a former English professional darts player who played in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events. He was a stalwart on the PDC circuit, having played there since 1994, but has yet to capture a major title to add to his collection of Open wins. Smith has a very unusual throwing action, turning the dart into a 'flight first' position before returning it to a 'point first' position, rolling his eyes and then throwing. He has a unique, measured action learning his trade under the tutelage of Bob Anderson.

Darts
Darts is a competitive sport in which two or more players bare-handedly throw small sharp-pointed projectiles known as darts at a round target known as a dartboard.

Points can be scored by hitting specific marked areas of the board, though unlike in sports such as archery, these areas are distributed all across the board and do not follow a principle of points increasing toward the board's bullseye. Though a number of similar games using various boards and rules exist, the term "darts" usually now refers to a standardised game involving a specific board design and set of rules.

Darts is both a professional throwing sport and a traditional pub game.  Darts is commonly played in the British Isles, and recreationally loved around the world.
2017 CNPSC offensive
The 2017 CNPSC offensive was a military offensive launched by rebels of the National Coalition of the People for the Sovereignty of Congo (CNPSC) on 30 June 2017 against security forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and MONUSCO. The goal of the offensive was to capture major settlements, mainly in South Kivu province in order to raise support for a popular uprising against then-president Joseph Kabila, who the coalition had deemed as an illegitimate president.

The offensive culminated in the Battle of Uvira in which rebels attempted to capture the major city, but were eventually pushed out by state security forces. The offensive continued after the battle, but then ended as a counter offensive by the FARDC began in December.

Rebellion
Rebellion is an uprising that resists and is organized against one's government. A rebel is a person who engages in a rebellion. A rebel group is a consciously coordinated group that seeks to gain political control over an entire state or a portion of a state. A rebellion is often caused by political, religious, or social grievances that originate from a perceived inequality or marginalization. Rebellion comes from Latin re and bellum, and in Lockian philosophy refers to the responsibility of the people to overthrow unjust government.
John O'Brien (basketball, born 1916)
John Jeremiah O'Brien Jr. (1916 – June 16, 1994) was an American professional basketball player. He played in the National Basketball League for the Akron Goodyear Wingfoots during the 1941–42 season. In 1952, he became a referee for the National Basketball Association.

Akron Goodyear Wingfoots
The Akron Goodyear Wingfoots are one of the oldest basketball teams in the United States. They were founded in 1918, by the workers at the Goodyear Tire Company, in Akron, Ohio. The teams, while giving workers recreation, also helped to promote one of the first canvas/rubber based shoes made specifically for athletics, the wingfoot.
Chale Wote Street Art Festival
The Chale Wote Street Art Festival also known as Chale Wote, is an annual street festival in Accra, Ghana organized by ACCRA [dot] ALT, in collaboration with Redd Kat Pictures and Chale Wote Street Art Projekt. The festival targets exchanges between scores of local and international artists and patrons. "Chale Wote" in the Ga language means "friend, let's go" and its meaning is derived from a type of flip-flop commonly worn in a household.

Ga language
Ga is a Kwa language spoken in Ghana, in and around the capital Accra, by the Ga people. There are also some speakers in Togo, Benin and western Nigeria. It has a phonemic distinction between three vowel lengths.
Ratnakar
Ratnakar or Rathnakar is an Indian name derived from Sanskrit Ratna.

Ratnakar, Sanskrit term for ocean or sea, specifically the Indian Ocean

Ratnākara (9th century CE), Sanskrit poet

Rathnakar (actor), Indian actor

Ratnākaraśānti (10th to mid 11th century CE), Buddhist philosopher

Ratnakar Hari Kelkar (1904–1985), reviser and translator of the Bible

Kimmane Rathnakar, Indian politician from Karnataka

Ratnakar Matkari (born 1938), Marathi writer

Ratnakar Pai (1928–2009), Hindustani classical music vocalist of the Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana

Ratnakar Pandey, a politician from India

Ratnakar Bank, a scheduled commercial bank in Maharashtra

Sangita Ratnakara, 13th century musicological text

Dashyu Ratnakar, a 1962 Ollywood/Oriya film directed by Prabhat Mukherjee Dasyu Ratnakar

Ratnakar (2019 film), a 2019 Assamese-language film by Jatin Bora

Kimmane Rathnakar
Kimmane Rathnakar is an Indian professional advocate and politician who served as the Minister of Primary and Secondary Education & Sakala of Karnataka from 2013 to 2016. He was a Member of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Thirthahalli constituency from 4 June 2008 to 16 May 2018 in Shimoga District. He belongs to the Indian National Congress.
Bossiaea celata
Bossiaea celata is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is a compact, many-branched shrub with flattened cladodes, leaves reduced to scales, and yellow to pinkish-red pea-like flowers.

Papilionaceous flower
Papilionaceous flowers (from Latin: papilion, a butterfly) are flowers with the characteristic irregular and butterfly-like corolla found in many, though not all, plants of the species-rich Faboideae subfamily of legumes. Tournefort suggested that the term Flores papilionacei originated with Valerius Cordus, who applied it to the flowers of the bean.
Poltava Regiment
The Poltava Regiment (Ukrainian: Полтавський полк) was one of ten territorial-administrative subdivisions of the Cossack Hetmanate. The regiment's capital was the city of Poltava, now in Poltava Oblast of central Ukraine.

Poltava Oblast
Poltava Oblast (Ukrainian: Полтавська область, romanized: Poltavska oblast), also referred to as Poltavshchyna (Ukrainian: Полтавщина), is an oblast (province) of central Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Poltava. Most of its territory was part of the southern regions of the Cossack Hetmanate. Population: 1,352,283 (2022 estimate).

Three other important cities in the oblast are Horishni Plavni, Kremenchuk, and Lubny.
Laurel Marsden
Laurel Marsden (born October 4, 2001) is an American actress, known for her role as Zoe Zimmer in the Marvel Cinematic Universe miniseries Ms. Marvel.
Marsden began performing in theatre as a child, in addition to studying improv at The Second City throughout high school. In 2020, Marsden appeared in two episodes of the Quibi series Survive. She was cast in February 2021 in Ms. Marvel, In 2022, she was cast in the horror film All Fun and Games alongside Asa Butterfield, and in the exorcism horror The Pope's Exorcist starring Russell Crowe. That same year Marsden was initially cast as Mayfair Lipp in The Hunger Games: The Ballad of Songbirds & Snakes, though the role would ultimately be recast. She was next featured in Dead of Winter with Emma Thompson (2025).

The Second City
The Second City is an improvisational comedy enterprise. It is the oldest improvisational theater troupe to be continuously based in Chicago, with training programs and live theaters in Toronto and New York. Since its debut in 1959, it has become one of the most influential and renowned in the English-speaking world. In February 2021, ZMC, a private equity investment firm based in Manhattan, purchased the Second City.

The Second City has produced television programs in both Canada and the United States, including SCTV, Second City Presents, and Next Comedy Legend. It has been a starting point for many comedians, award-winning actors, directors, and others in show business, including Joan Rivers, Alan Alda, Harold Ramis, Bill Murray, John Candy, John Belushi, Dan Aykroyd, Eugene Levy, Catherine O'Hara, Chris Farley, Mike Myers, Steve Carell, Tina Fey, Amy Poehler, Stephen Colbert and Jason Sudeikis.
Paris Honeymoon
Paris Honeymoon is a 1939 American musical film directed by Frank Tuttle and written by Frank Butler and Don Hartman. The film stars Bing Crosby, Franciska Gaal, Akim Tamiroff, Shirley Ross, Edward Everett Horton and Ben Blue. Filming took place in Hollywood from May 23 to July 1938 and the film was released on January 27, 1939, by Paramount Pictures.

Frank Butler (writer)
Frank Russell Butler (December 28, 1889 – June 10, 1967) was an American film and theatre actor and screenwriter, born in Oxford, Oxfordshire, England to parents Frederick Butler and Sarah Ann Hedges. He won an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for Going My Way. His son, Hugo Butler, also became a Hollywood screenwriter.
Dr. J. H. Harris House
Dr. J. H. Harris House is a historic home located at 312 East Mason Street in Franklinton, Franklin County, North Carolina.  It was built between 1902 and 1904, and is a two-story, rectangular Queen Anne style frame dwelling.  It features a tall, steep deck-and-hip roof; projecting bays, gables, dormers, and towers; and a one-story wraparound porch.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. Previously known as The Mason Street Manor, the home is now under new ownership and called The Carolina Manor House. It is still a special events venue, re-opening in October 2023 after recent renovations.

Franklin County, North Carolina
Franklin County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 68,573. Its county seat is Louisburg. Franklin County is included in the Raleigh-Cary, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Raleigh-Durham-Cary, NC Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 2,368,947 in 2023.
Wedding of Prince Albert Edward and Princess Alexandra
The wedding of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII), and Princess Alexandra of Denmark (later Queen Alexandra) took place on 10 March 1863 at St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. It was the first royal wedding to take place at St. George's, and the last wedding of a Prince of Wales until Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer's 1981 wedding.

Prince of Wales
Prince of Wales is a title traditionally given to the male heir apparent to the English, and later, the British throne. The title originated with the Welsh rulers of Gwynedd who, from the late 12th century, used it (albeit inconsistently) to assert their supremacy over the other Welsh rulers. However, to mark the finalisation of his conquest of Wales, in 1301, Edward I of England invested his son Edward of Caernarfon with the title, thereby beginning the tradition of giving the title to the heir apparent when he was the monarch's son or grandson. The title was later claimed by the leader of a Welsh rebellion, Owain Glyndŵr, from 1400 until 1415.

King Charles III created his son, William, Prince of Wales on 9 September 2022, the day after his accession to the throne, with formal letters patent issued on 13 February 2023. The title has become a point of controversy in Wales.
Kieran McAnulty
Kieran Michael McAnulty is a New Zealand politician. He was first elected to the New Zealand House of Representatives in 2017, representing the New Zealand Labour Party. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Wairarapa between 2020 and 2023, and is currently a list MP.

McAnulty was the Senior Whip of the Labour Party during part of the term of the Sixth Labour Government. He later served as that government's Minister of Local Government, Minister for Emergency Management, Minister for Racing and Deputy Leader of the House.

List MP
A list MP is a member of parliament (MP) elected from a party list rather than a geographic electoral district. The place in Parliament is due to the number of votes the party won, not to votes received by the MP personally. This occurs only in countries with an electoral system based wholly or partly on party-list proportional representation.