hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Norwegian State Railways (1883–1996)
The Norwegian State Railways (Norwegian: Norges Statsbaner or NSB) was a state-owned railway company that operated most of the railway network in Norway. The government agency/directorate was created in 1883 to oversee the construction and operation of all state-owned railways in Norway. On 1 December 1996, it was demerged to create the infrastructure operator Norwegian National Rail Administration, the train operator Norwegian State Railways and the Norwegian Railway Inspectorate. The name was taken by the train operator, although the infrastructure operator remained a government agency and is the legal successor.

Demerger
A demerger is a form of corporate restructuring in which the entity's business operations are segregated into one or more components. It is the converse of a merger or acquisition.

A demerger can take place through a spin-off by distributing or transferring the shares in a subsidiary holding the business to company shareholders carrying out the demerger. The demerger can also occur by transferring the relevant business to a new company or business to which then that company's shareholders are issued shares of.

In contrast, divestment can also "undo" a merger or acquisition, but the assets are sold off rather than retained under a renamed corporate entity.

Demergers can be undertaken for various business and non-business reasons, such as government intervention, by way of antitrust law, or through decartelization.
ACS Mediaș
Asociația Club Sportiv Mediaș 2022, commonly known as ACS Mediaș, or simply as Mediaș, is a Romanian football club based in Mediaș, currently playing in the Liga III.

It was founded in 2022, as a phoenix club of Gaz Metan Mediaș which was dissolved in the same summer, due to financial issues. The owners of the new entity are former players and coaches of Gaz Metan who want to continue the football tradition in the city, and also regain the name, crest and records of the defunct club. The nine founding members are Ionuț Buzean, Cristian Pustai, Doru Dudiță, Eric de Oliveira, Claudiu Boaru, Costel Hanc, Eugen Pîrvulescu, Iosif Biro and Dorin Roșca.

Claudiu Boaru
Claudiu Nicolae Boaru (born 10 April 1977) is a retired Romanian footballer who played almost his entire career for Gaz Metan Mediaș. After retirement, Boaru continued to work for Gaz Metan as an assistant coach for the satellite team or sporting manager until the club's dissolution in 2022.
2003 San Francisco 49ers season
The 2003 San Francisco 49ers season was the franchise's 57th season in the National Football League (NFL).

The team entered their 2003 season attempting to improve upon their 10–6 output from 2002. Dennis Erickson was the new head coach after Steve Mariucci was fired which resulted in a search that lasted four weeks. The 49ers failed to surpass their 2002 record and finished the season 7–9 by losing six close games, and the 49ers missed the playoffs for the first time since 2000.

It was the final season that noted 49ers Terrell Owens, Garrison Hearst, Tai Streets, Derrick Deese, Ron Stone, and Jeff Garcia spent with the team.

2000 San Francisco 49ers season
The 2000 San Francisco 49ers season was the franchise's 51st season in the National Football League (NFL) and their 55th overall. Jerry Rice entered the 2000 season as the oldest player in the league at the wide receiver position. At the end of the year, however, with the emergence of Terrell Owens, Rice decided to leave the team after sixteen seasons to join the Raiders. Running back Charlie Garner would join Rice in Oakland.

The 49ers improved from 4–12 in 1999 to 6–10, but still suffered back-to-back losing seasons for the first time since their four consecutive losing seasons from 1977 to 1980.

This for first time since 1986 Steve Young was not on the opening day roster who retired after the 1999 season, the 49ers fully relied on second-year quarterback Jeff Garcia, who enjoyed his best year and was named to the Pro Bowl at the end of this season.
Tokyo Rissho Junior College
Tokyo Rissho Junior College (東京立正短期大学, Tōkyō risshō tanki daigaku) is a private junior college in Suginami, Tokyo, Japan. The precursor of the school was founded in 1926, and it was chartered as a university in 1966.

Junior college
A junior college is a type of post-secondary institution that offers vocational and academic training that is designed to prepare students for either skilled trades and technical occupations or support roles in professions such as engineering, accountancy, business administration, nursing, medicine, architecture, and criminology. Often times, those types of colleges offer two-year associate's degrees that are intended for students that want to later transfer to a college for a four-year bachelor's degree to finish their undergraduate education, pending adequate grades. Students typically attend those types of colleges for one to three years, which is also dependent on the country.
Liangmai people
The Liangmai people are a Tibeto-Burmese ethnic group that inhabit Nagaland and Manipur states of Northeast India. Their villages are mostly spread across the Peren district in Nagaland and Tamenglong, Senapati, Kangpokpi in Manipur. They are a part of the larger Naga tribes and have a similar language and culture. A majority of the Liangmais practise Christianity while a small section in Tening village of Nagaland still adheres to traditional Heraka religious practices.

Senapati district
Senapati district (Meitei pronunciation: /se.na.pə.ti/) is one of the 16 districts of the Indian state of Manipur. The present Senapati district was formed in December 2016, after spawning off the Sadar Hills region in the south into a separate Kangpokpi district. The district headquarter is located in the town of Senapati, also known as Tahamzam.
Polyaniline nanofibers
Polyaniline nanofibers are a high aspect form of polyaniline, a polymer consisting of aniline monomers, which appears as discrete long threads with an average diameter between 30 nm and 100 nm. Polyaniline is one of the oldest known conducting polymers, being known for over 150 years. Polyaniline nanofibers are often studied for their potential to enhance the properties of polyaniline or have additional beneficial properties due to the addition of a nanostructure to the polymer. Properties that make polyaniline useful can be seen in the nanofiber form as well, such as facile synthesis, environmental stability, and simple acid/base doping/dedoping chemistry. These and other properties have led to the formation of various applications for polyaniline nanofibers as actuators, memory devices, and sensors.

Non-volatile memory
Non-volatile memory (NVM) or non-volatile storage is a type of computer memory that can retain stored information even after power is removed. In contrast, volatile memory needs constant power in order to retain data.

Non-volatile memory typically refers to storage in memory chips, which store data in floating-gate memory cells consisting of floating-gate MOSFETs (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors), including flash memory storage such as NAND flash and solid-state drives (SSD).

Other examples of non-volatile memory include read-only memory (ROM), EPROM (erasable programmable ROM) and EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable ROM), ferroelectric RAM, most types of computer data storage devices (e.g. disk storage, hard disk drives, optical discs, floppy disks, and magnetic tape), and early computer storage methods such as punched tape and cards.
Ducky Yount
Herbert Macon Yount [Ducky/Hub] (December 7, 1885 – May 9, 1970) was an American professional baseball pitcher. He played one season in Major League Baseball for the Baltimore Terrapins of the Federal League in 1914. He threw right-handed and batted right-handed. He was 6'2 and 178 lbs (pounds) and in 1914 he was 28. He was born on December 7, 1885, in Iredell County, North Carolina, and died on May 9, 1970, in Winston-Salem, North Carolina.

Iredell County, North Carolina
Iredell County (/ˈaɪərdɛl/ EYE-ər-del) is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 186,693. Its county seat is Statesville, and its largest community is Mooresville. The county was formed in 1788, subtracted from Rowan County. It is named for James Iredell, one of the first justices of the Supreme Court. Iredell County is included in the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the Office of Management and Budget, with data from the U.S. Census Bureau.
Doty Hills
The Doty Hills are hills in Lewis County and Grays Harbor County in southwest Washington. The hills lie north of Doty, Washington and west of Chehalis, between the Black Hills to their north and the Willapa Hills to their south. They are considered part of the Willapa Hills physiographic province.

Lewis County, Washington
Lewis County is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 82,149. The county seat is Chehalis, and its largest city is Centralia. Lewis County comprises the Centralia, WA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Seattle-Tacoma, WA Combined Statistical Area.
Alfred Girard
Alfred Girard, KC (August 4, 1859 – February 17, 1919) was a Canadian lawyer and politician.

Born in Sainte-Marie-de-Monnoir, Canada East, the son of Pierre Girard and Marie Pelletier, Girard began his education at Marieville College, and afterwards passed a course in Sherbrooke College, finally graduating in law at McGill College in 1882, when he received his B.C.L. He was called to the Quebec Bar in 1882 and began practicing law in Marieville, Quebec. He eventually moved to Montreal where he practiced law. He was created a King's Counsel in 1903.

He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec in the 1890 election for the riding of Rouville. A Liberal, he was re-elected in 1892 but was defeated in 1897. He was re-elected again in 1900, acclaimed in 1904, and re-elected in 1908. He resigned in 1908 after being appointed to the Montreal Superior Court.

1904 Quebec general election
The 1904 Quebec general election was held on November 25, 1904,  to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Quebec, Canada.  The incumbent Quebec Liberal Party, led by Simon-Napoléon Parent, was re-elected, defeating the Quebec Conservative Party, led by Edmund James Flynn.

It was Parent's final election.  Due to internal dissension within his party, he resigned in 1905, and was succeeded as Liberal leader and premier by Lomer Gouin.

The turnout was 29.97%.
Nicky Katt
Agustín Islas Katt (known professionally as Nicky Katt; May 11, 1970 – c. April 8, 2025) was an American and Mexican actor. He began his career as a child actor, and as an adult, frequently played unsympathetic characters or villains. He was known for his starring role as Harry Senate on the television series Boston Public (2000–2002), and his work with directors Richard Linklater and Steven Soderbergh, including The Burbs (1989), Dazed and Confused (1993) and The Limey (1999).

In addition to Linklater and Soderbergh, Katt played prominent supporting roles in multiple films by Robert Rodriguez and Christopher Nolan, including Insomnia (2002) and Sin City (2005). His other film credits included A Time to Kill (1996), Boiler Room and The Way of the Gun (both 2000), and Secondhand Lions (2003).

Secondhand Lions
Secondhand Lions is a 2003 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Tim McCanlies. It tells the story of an introverted young boy (Haley Joel Osment) who is sent to live with his eccentric great uncles (Robert Duvall and Michael Caine) on a farm in Texas.
Stan Foster
Stan Foster is an American film, television, and stage producer, actor, writer and director from Youngstown, Ohio. He is most known for his role in the Tour of Duty TV series where he played Marvin Johnson.  He also wrote the play and film Woman Thou Art Loosed and wrote and directed the film Preacher's Kid (2010).

Tour of Duty (TV series)
Tour of Duty is an American military drama television series based on events in the Vietnam War, broadcast on CBS. The series ran for three seasons, from September 24, 1987, to April 28, 1990, for a total of 58 one-hour episodes. The show was created by Steve Duncan and L. Travis Clark and produced by Zev Braun.

The show follows an American infantry platoon on a tour of duty during the Vietnam War. It was the first television series to regularly show Americans in combat in South Vietnam and was one of several similarly themed series to be produced in the wake of the acclaimed Oliver Stone film Platoon (1986).

The series won an Emmy Award in 1988 for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Drama Series, and it was nominated again in 1989 and 1990.
Symphogear
Senki Zesshō Symphogear (Japanese: 戦姫絶唱シンフォギア, Hepburn: Senki Zesshō Shinfogia; lit. 'Superb Song of the Valkyries: Symphogear'), also known as simply Symphogear, is a Japanese anime television series produced by Satelight. The original season aired on Tokyo MX between January and March 2012. The second season entitled Symphogear G aired between July and September 2013, The third season, Symphogear GX, aired between July and September 2015, and the fourth season, Symphogear AXZ, aired between July and September 2017. The fifth and final season, Symphogear XV, aired between July and September 2019. A manga adaptation was serialized in Kadokawa Shoten's Newtype Ace magazine between December 2011 and March 2013. A mobile game titled Symphogear XD Unlimited was released in June 2017 in Japan.

Harumi Sakurai
Harumi Sakurai (櫻井 浩美, Sakurai Harumi, born October 21) is a Japanese voice actress and narrator. Some of her prominent roles are Saya Tokido in Little Busters!, Yuri Nakamura in Angel Beats!, Awaki Musujime in A Certain Magical Index, Lisanna Strauss in Fairy Tail and Sylphie Appleton in Argevollen.
Horacio Casco
Horacio Casco (13 September 1868 – 6 December 1931) was an Argentine politician and fencer.

He competed in the foil and sabre competitions at the 1924 Summer Olympics. His nephew, Zelmar Casco, also became a fencer and represented Argentina at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

From 1927 to 1928 he was intendente (mayor) of Buenos Aires, appointed by President Marcelo T. de Alvear following the resignation of Carlos Noel. Later in life he served as president of Gimnasia y Esgrima de La Plata from 1920 to 1925.

A street in the Buenos Aires neighbourhood of Villa Lugano is named in his honour.

Villa Lugano
Villa Lugano is a barrio (neighbourhood) in Buenos Aires, Argentina, located in the south of the city. It has a population of approximately 114,000 people. It is delimited by Avenida Eva Perón, Avenida General Paz, Calle José Barros Pazos, Avenida Lisandro de la Torre, Avenida Coronel Roca and Avenida Escalada. To the south-east it limits with La Matanza Partido.

Generally a working-class neighbourhood, Villa Lugano is characterised by its numerous public housing complexes built in the late 20th century, such as Barrio General Manuel Savio (commonly known as Lugano 1 y 2), Barrio Cardenal Antonio Samoré, Barrio Cardenal Copello, and Barrio Comandante Luis Piedrabuena.
USS Patriot
At least three ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Patriot:

USS Patriot (1861), a wooden schooner, purchased in 1861 by the Union Navy which planned to scuttle the ship at the mouth of the Hatteras Inlet in order to block the Confederate shipping channel; however the plan proved unnecessary after the Union victory at the Battle of Hatteras Inlet Batteries, and Patriot was used instead as a storeship at Hampton Roads.

USS Patriot (YT-127), a tugboat acquired from the U.S. Coast Guard 24 August 1936.

USS Patriot (PYc-47), built as a private yacht in 1930, purchased by the Navy in 1940, converted to a submarine chaser and put in service as PC-455 in 1941, renamed Patriot (PYc-47) in 1943, taken out of service and struck in 1944, and resold to the yacht's original owner in 1945 for one dollar.

USS Patriot (MCM-7), an Avenger-class mine countermeasures ship that was launched in 1990, commissioned in 1991, and currently in service.

USS Patriot (MCM-7)
USS Patriot (MCM-7) is an Avenger-class mine countermeasures ship of the United States Navy, and is the third Navy ship of that name. The hulls of the Avenger-class ships are constructed of wood with an external coat of fiberglass.

Patriot was laid down on 31 March 1987 by Marinette Marine in Marinette, Wisconsin; launched on 15 May 1990; and commissioned on 13 December 1991 in Charleston, South Carolina. Commander Michael J. O'Moore, a native of Brooklyn, New York, was the commissioning Commanding Officer. Patriot was originally homeported at NS Charleston until 1993, when she transferred to NS Ingleside, Texas.
Sulawesi scops owl
The Sulawesi scops owl (Otus manadensis) is an owl found on the Sulawesi island of Indonesia.

The Banggai scops owl (Otus mendeni) was formerly considered conspecific, but was split as a distinct species by the IOC in 2021.

Owl
Owls are birds from the order Strigiformes (/ˈstrɪdʒəfɔːrmiːz/), which includes over 200 species of mostly solitary and nocturnal birds of prey typified by an upright stance, a large, broad head, binocular vision, binaural hearing, sharp talons, and feathers adapted for silent flight. Exceptions include the diurnal northern hawk-owl and the gregarious burrowing owl.

Owls are divided into two families: the true (or typical) owl family, Strigidae, and the barn owl and bay owl family, Tytonidae. Owls hunt mostly small mammals, insects, and other birds, although a few species specialize in hunting fish. They are found in all regions of the Earth except the polar ice caps and some remote islands.

A group of owls is called a "parliament".
Extra Virgin (album)
Extra Virgin is the debut album by British trip hop band Olive, originally released in 1996. The album includes the single "You're Not Alone", which originally reached number 42 in the UK Singles Chart in 1996 and when re-released in 1997 it reached number one. Two other singles were released from the album: "Outlaw" (UK No. 14) and "Miracle" (UK No. 41). The trip hop influence of Massive Attack and Portishead, while in small quantities, are evident, mixed in with synth-based electronic dance.

The album was re-released in 1997 following the success of "You're Not Alone" and peaked at number 15 on the UK Albums Chart.

Trip hop
Trip hop is a music genre defined as a psychedelic fusion of hip-hop and electronica with slow tempos and an atmospheric sound. The style emerged as a more experimental variant of breakbeat from the Bristol sound scene of the late 1980s and early 1990s, incorporating influences from jazz, soul, funk, dub, rap, as well as sampling from movie soundtracks and other eclectic sources.

Pioneering trip hop acts include Massive Attack, UNKLE, Tricky, and Portishead. The term was first coined in a 1994 Mixmag piece about American producer DJ Shadow. Trip hop achieved commercial success in the 1990s, and has been described as "Europe's alternative choice in the second half of the '90s".
New Denmark, New Brunswick
New Denmark is a rural community in Victoria County, New Brunswick, Canada. The community is situated in rolling hills east of the Saint John River valley several kilometres south of Drummond. Its main industry is potato farming and related industries. Once the site of several schools, they have all closed and students in New Denmark can choose to continue school in nearby Grand Falls or Tobique Valley.

The community hosts Lutheran, Anglican, Roman Catholic, and Pentecostal churches. Its five major ancestries are: English (50.1%), French (36.4%), Danish (17.0%), Scottish (12.4%), Irish (11.9%). The population has remained at approximately 1,000 residents in recent history, with Denmark Parish reporting a population of 1,668 in 2006.

Grand Falls, New Brunswick
Grand Falls (French: Grand-Sault) is a town in northwestern New Brunswick, Canada, on the Saint John River. Its name comes from a waterfall created by a series of rock ledges over which the river drops 23 metres (75 ft).

On 1 January 2023, Grand Falls expanded to include Drummond, the rural community of Saint-André, the local service district of the parish of Grand Falls, and part of the LSD of the parish of Drummond. Revised census figures have not been released.
UBL
The acronym UBL can also mean:

Hubli Junction railway station, station code: UBL

Leiden University Library, Dutch: Universitaire Bibliotheken Leiden

Usama bin Ladin (1957–2011), Saudi-born militant and founder of al-Qaeda

Ulster Bank Limited, a retail banking subsidiary of NatWest Group

Ultimate Band List

United Bank Limited

Unilever Bangladesh Limited

United Basketball League

Universal Business Language, an ISO standard XML vocabulary for invoices, purchase orders, waybills, etc.

University Baseball League, a collegiate baseball league in Taiwan

Ubiquitin-like proteins

University Baseball League
The University Baseball League (UBL; Chinese: 大專棒球運動聯賽) is a collegiate baseball league in Taiwan that began play in 1996. The UBL is organized by the Ministry of Education and co-sponsored by the Chinese Taipei University Sports Federation.

In 2015, the women's division began play. In the 2022 season, a total of 98 schools participated in four divisions.

Chinese Culture University holds the most championships at 11 and is the only school to have won three consecutive championships in league history.
2019 German Darts Grand Prix
The 2019 German Darts Grand Prix was the third of thirteen PDC European Tour events on the 2019 PDC Pro Tour. The tournament took place at Kulturhalle Zenith, Munich, Germany, from 20 to 22 April 2019. It featured a field of 48 players and £140,000 in prize money, with £25,000 going to the winner.

Michael van Gerwen was the defending champion after defeating Peter Wright 8–5 in the final of the 2018 tournament, and he defended his title by beating Simon Whitlock 8–3 in the final, which was his 30th European Tour title since its inception in 2012.

Simon Whitlock
Simon Whitlock (born 3 March 1969) is an Australian professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events, having previously competed in British Darts Organisation (BDO) and World Seniors Darts (WSD) events.

Nicknamed "the Wizard", he won the 2012 European Championship and the 2022 World Cup of Darts for Australia, partnering Damon Heta. Whitlock is also a two-time World Championship finalist, having been the runner-up at the BDO World Darts Championship in 2008, and the PDC World Darts Championship in 2010. He has won a total of 18 PDC titles and 31 Dartsplayers Australia (DPA) titles. In 2025, he became the inaugural ANZ Premier League champion.
Neferukayet
Neferukayet was an ancient Egyptian princess and queen of the Eleventh Dynasty.

Her name is only known from her steward Rediukhnum's stela, which was found in Dendera (now in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, CG 20543). She is possibly identical with the mother of Intef III, whose name was Neferu. Neferukayet also bore the titles "king's daughter" (z3.t-nỉsw.t), "king's beloved wife" (ḥm.t-nỉsw.t mrỉỉ.t=f) and "royal ornament" (ẖkr.t-nỉsw.t), based on this, she was likely the daughter of Intef I and the wife of Intef II.

Furthermore, in the tomb of king Intef III was found a relief fragment naming a woman called Neferukau. Silke Roth argued that Neferukau is just a different writing for the name Neferukayet. Neferu would be just a short version of the name Neferukau/Neferukayet.

Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt
The 11th Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty XI; c. 2150 BC – c. 1991 BC) is a well-attested group of rulers. Its earlier members before King Mentuhotep II are grouped with the four preceding dynasties to form the First Intermediate Period, whereas the later members are considered part of the Middle Kingdom. They all ruled from Thebes in Upper Egypt.