hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tamerlano (Gasparini opera)
Tamerlano (Tamerlane) is a tragic opera in three acts by Francesco Gasparini based on a libretto by Agostino Piovene. It was first performed at the Teatro San Cassiano in Venice on 24 January 1711.: 30

Piovene’s libretto was based on Tamerlan ou La mort de Bajazet by Jacques Pradon (1675). It was Piovene’s second libretto as well as his second collaboration with Gasparini. Tamerlano was Gasparini’s most famous opera, distinguished by the unusual decision to assign the role of Bajazet to a tenor, Giovanni Paita, rather than to a castrato.: 30

Bayezid I
Bayezid I (Ottoman Turkish: بايزيد اول; Turkish: I. Bayezid), also known as Bayezid the Thunderbolt (Ottoman Turkish: یلدیرم بايزيد; Turkish: Yıldırım Bayezid; c. 1360 – 8 March 1403), was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1389 to 1402. He adopted the title of Sultan-i Rûm, Rûm being the Arabic name for the Eastern Roman Empire. In 1394, Bayezid unsuccessfully besieged Constantinople. Bayezid vanquished all the Beyliks and proceeded to conquer and vassalize the entirety of Anatolia. In 1402, he once more besieged Constantinople, appearing to find success, but he ultimately withdrew due to the invasion of the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur. He defeated the crusaders at the Battle of Nicopolis in what is now Bulgaria in 1396. He was later defeated and captured by Timur at the Battle of Ankara in 1402 and died in captivity in March 1403, which triggered the Ottoman Interregnum between his sons.
Anatoly Rubin
Anatoly Rubin (1927–2017) was an Israeli activist and Prisoner of Zion who survived the Holocaust and later the Gulags. Born in Minsk, he survived the German invasion of the USSR, narrowly escaping the liquidation of the Minsk Ghetto. After the war, he spent six years imprisoned in Siberian Gulag forced labor camps for distributing books sympathetic to Zionism. After being under investigation by the KGB for spreading Zionist ideas, he immigrated to Israel in 1969. Once there, he campaigned for the Israeli government to assist others who wished to emigrate from the USSR to Israel. He also published memoirs of his earlier experiences.

Prisoner of Zion
In Israel, prisoners of Zion (Hebrew: אֲסִירֵי צִיּוֹן, asirei Zion, singular: Hebrew: אסיר ציון, asir Zion) were Jews who were imprisoned or deported for Zionist activity in countries where such activity was prohibited. The former Speaker of the Knesset, Yuli Edelstein, and the former chairman of the executive of the Jewish Agency, Nathan Sharansky, were both prisoners of Zion in the Soviet Union. In 1992 an Israeli law made the status of the prisoner of Zion official; however, the status was in use long before.
Charles-Louis de la Vallée Poussin
Charles-Louis-Joseph-Xavier de la Vallée Poussin (6 April 1827, Namur – 15 March 1903, Brussels) was a Belgian geologist and mineralogist. His son was the mathematician Charles Jean de la Vallée Poussin.

Belgians
Belgians (Dutch: Belgen [ˈbɛlɣə(n)] ⓘ; French: Belges [bɛlʒ] ⓘ; German: Belgier [ˈbɛlɡi̯ɐ] ⓘ) are people identified with the Kingdom of Belgium, a federal state in Western Europe. As Belgium is a multinational state, this connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural rather than ethnic. The majority of Belgians, however, belong to two distinct linguistic groups or communities (Dutch: gemeenschap; French: communauté) native to the country, i.e. its historical regions: Flemings in Flanders, who speak Dutch, West Flemish and Limburgish; and Walloons in Wallonia, who speak French or Walloon. There is also a substantial Belgian diaspora, which has settled primarily in the United States, Canada, France, and the Netherlands.
District Co-operative Central Bank
A District Co-operative Central Bank (DCCB) is a rural cooperative bank operating at the district level in various parts of India. It was established to provide banking to the rural hinterland for the agricultural sector with the branches primarily established in rural and semi-urban areas.

Cooperative banking
Cooperative banking is retail and commercial banking organized on a cooperative basis. Cooperative banking institutions take deposits and lend money in most parts of the world.

Cooperative banking, as discussed here, includes retail banking carried out by credit unions, mutual savings banks, building societies and cooperatives, as well as commercial banking services provided by mutual organizations (such as cooperative federations) to cooperative businesses.
Charles Showers
Charles James Showers (12 January 1848 – date of death unknown) was an English first-class cricketer.

The son of Major–General St George Daniel Showers, he was born in January 1848 at Fort William in British India. He was educated in England at Cheltenham College and Wellington College. He made his debut in first-class cricket for the South in the North v South fixture of 1877 at Hull. Four years later, he made two further first-class appearances for the Marylebone Cricket Club against Kent and Hampshire, with both matches played at Lord's. He later became a tea planter in Assam.

Fort William, West Bengal
Fort William, officially Vijay Durg, is a fort in Hastings, Calcutta (Kolkata). It was built during the early years of Britain's administration of Bengal. It sits on the eastern banks of the River Hooghly, the major distributary of the River Ganga. One of Kolkata's most enduring British-era military fortifications, other than those in Bombay (Mumbai) and Madras (Chennai), it extends over an area of seventy hectares.

The fort was named after King William III. In front of the Fort is the Maidan, the largest park in the country. An internal guard room became the Black Hole of Calcutta. Today the fort is the headquarters of Eastern Command of the Indian Army.
Lianpui
Lianpui is a village in the Champhai district of Mizoram, India. It is located in the Khawbung R.D. Block. The village also has the prehistoric Lianpui Menhirs, which was declared as a national monument by Archaeological Survey of India in 2025.

Champhai district
Champhai district is one of the eleven districts of Mizoram state in India. The district is bounded on the north by Churachandpur district of Manipur state, on the west by Saitual and Serchhip districts, and on the south and east by Myanmar. The district occupies an area of 3,185.83 km2 (1,230.06 sq mi). Champhai town is the administrative headquarters of the district.
Doina edmondsii
Doina edmondsii is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1883. It is found in Chile.

The wingspan is about 19 mm. The wings are shining grey, darker towards the external area. The forewings are tinted with pink, the base black brown, with purplish reflections and a very irregular transverse brown band just before the middle. The costal border, from the commencement of this band to the apex, is spotted with blackish and there is an arched dusky submarginal band and a marginal series of black dots. The hindwings are somewhat silvery, with a slender blackish marginal line.

Arthur Gardiner Butler
Arthur Gardiner Butler F.L.S., F.Z.S. (27 June 1844 – 28 May 1925) was an English entomologist, arachnologist and ornithologist. He worked at the British Museum on the taxonomy of birds, insects, and spiders.
Obelisk ship
Ships were used during the Eighteenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt to transport obelisks from the quarry to their destination. Fifteen centuries later, the Romans used ships to transport obelisks across the Mediterranean to Rome.
Today, eight ancient Egyptian obelisks stand in Rome, though not in their original places. The first of the obelisks, the 263-ton Flaminian obelisk, was transported from Heliopolis – modern-day Cairo – in 10 BCE. while the last, the 500-ton Lateran obelisk, was transported from Karnak.

Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty spanned the period from 1550/1549 to 1292 BC. This dynasty is also known as the Thutmoside Dynasty: 156  for the four pharaohs named Thutmose.

Several of Egypt's most famous pharaohs were from the Eighteenth Dynasty, including Tutankhamun (c. 1341 BC – c. 1323 BC). Other famous pharaohs of the dynasty include Hatshepsut (c. 1479 BC–1458 BC), the longest-reigning woman pharaoh of an indigenous dynasty, and Akhenaten (c. 1353–1336 BC), the "heretic pharaoh", with his Great Royal Wife, Nefertiti.

The Eighteenth Dynasty is unique among indigenous Egyptian dynasties in that it had two queens regnant women who ruled as pharaohs: Hatshepsut and Neferneferuaten, usually identified as Nefertiti.
Jamboree Ward
The Jamboree Ward is a Brisbane City Council ward covering Jamboree Heights, Darra, Jindalee, Middle Park, Mt Ommaney, Riverhills, Seventeen Mile Rocks, Sinnamon Park, Wacol and parts of Ellen Grove and Oxley.

Brisbane City Council
Brisbane City Council (BCC, also known as Council) is the local government of the City of Brisbane, the capital city of the Australian state of Queensland. The largest local government in Australia by population, BCC's jurisdiction includes 26 wards and 27 elected councillors covering 1,338 km2 (517 mi2). Brisbane City Council consists of the 26 councillors (elected or appointed to represent wards) and the Lord Mayor of Brisbane (currently Adrian Schrinner) (elected by the city as a whole). By resolution, the council may make local laws (previously known as ordinances). The Lord Mayor is responsible for the key executive functions, such as implementing policies, preparing the budget and directing senior employees. They are supported by the Civic Council (formally the Establishment and Coordination (E&C) Committee), whose members are drawn from the council and each chair one of the standing committees. The council's current CEO is Colin Jensen, supported by EO Ainsley Gold.
Pyjamas coup
The Pyjamas coup (Greek: πραξικόπημα της πυτζάμας) was a failed coup d'etat attempt in February 1975 by far-right Greek Army officers sympathetic to the recently deposed (in July 1974) Greek junta. The Greek government, swiftly alerted by Major Ioannis Alexakis, the Security Director of the Central Intelligence Service, arrested the conspirators and subsequently carried out a massive purge of die-hard junta sympathizers in the Armed Forces, especially the Army.

The term "pyjamas coup" was coined by then-Defense Minister Evangelos Averoff, as most of the plotters were arrested at their homes sleeping, on the early morning hours of February 24, 1975. Averoff thus wanted to ridicule the plotters and at the same time reassure Greek public opinion of the government's hold on power.

Evangelos Averoff
Evangelos Averoff-Tossizza (Greek: Ευάγγελος Αβέρωφ Τοσίτσας) (Trikala, 17 April 1910 – Athens, 2 January 1990) was a Greek politician, leader of the New Democracy party (1981–1984), member of parliament, and author.
Hercynite
Hercynite is a spinel mineral with the formula FeAl2O4.

It occurs in high-grade metamorphosed iron-rich argillaceous (clay-containing) sediments as well as in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks. Due to its hardness it also is found in placers.

It was first described in 1847 and its name originates from the Latin name for the Harz, Silva Hercynia, where the species was first found.

Hercynite is a spinel of regular symmetry and normal cation distribution, but some disorder occurs in its structure. It consists of ferrous (Fe2+) ions and aluminium ions (Al3+); however some ferric ions (Fe3+) may be located in the structure of hercynite.

Melting point of this mineral is between 1,692–1,767 °C (3,078–3,213 °F).

Ultramafic rock
Ultramafic rocks (also referred to as ultrabasic rocks, although the terms are not wholly equivalent) are igneous and meta-igneous rocks with a very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are usually composed of greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content). Earth's mantle is composed of ultramafic rocks. Ultrabasic is a more inclusive term that includes igneous rocks with low silica content that may not be extremely enriched in Fe and Mg, such as carbonatites and ultrapotassic igneous rocks.
Giuseppe Bamboschek
Giuseppe Maria Bamboschek (1890–1969) was an Italian-American opera conductor, pianist, organist, music director and film director.  During his expansive career, Bamboschek conducted performances including famed singers Enrico Caruso, Rosa Ponselle, Giovanni Martinelli, Giuseppe De Luca, and many more.

Giovanni Martinelli
Giovanni Martinelli (22 October 1885 – 2 February 1969) was an Italian operatic spinto tenor. He was associated with the Italian lyric-dramatic repertory, although he performed French operatic roles to great acclaim as well. Martinelli was one of the most famous tenors of the 20th century, enjoying a long career at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City and appearing at other major international theatres.
Stanisław Kostka Potocki
Count Stanisław Kostka Potocki (Polish pronunciation: [staˈɲiswaf ˈkɔstka pɔˈtɔt͡skʲi]; November 1755 – 14 September 1821) was a Polish nobleman, politician, writer, public intellectual, and patron of the arts. He was involved in public education and active in the period that has been termed as the Polish Enlightenment. He was of the Pilawa coat of arms.

Polish Enlightenment
The ideas of the Age of Enlightenment in Poland were developed later than in Western Europe, as the Polish bourgeoisie was weaker, and szlachta (nobility) culture (Sarmatism) together with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth political system (Golden Liberty) were in deep crisis. The period of Polish Enlightenment began in the 1730s–40s, peaked in the reign of Poland's last king, Stanisław August Poniatowski (1764-1795), went into decline with the Third Partition of Poland (1795) – a national tragedy inspiring a short period of sentimental writing – and ended in 1822, replaced by Romanticism.
Carolina Friends School
Carolina Friends School is an independent, co-educational Quaker school located in Durham, North Carolina.  It enrolls students from age 3 and pre-kindergarten through grade 12.  The school was founded in 1962 by members of the Durham Friends Meeting and Chapel Hill Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends as one of the first racially integrated schools in the South and the first in the state. While CFS is guided by Quaker values, it is a secular and inclusive independent school. Most students, parents, and teachers at CFS are not Quaker. They follow other religious traditions or none.

Pre-kindergarten
Pre-kindergarten (also called pre-K or PK) is a voluntary classroom-based preschool program for children below the age of five in the United States, Canada, Turkey and Greece (when kindergarten starts). It may be delivered through a preschool or within a reception year in elementary school. Pre-kindergartens play an important role in early childhood education. They have existed in the US since 1922, normally run by private organizations. The U.S. Head Start program, the country's first federally funded pre-kindergarten program, was founded in 1967. This attempts to prepare children (especially disadvantaged children) to succeed in school.
Nagbal
Nagbal is a village in Ganderbal district of Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The village lies in Ganderbal block of the district and is one of the nearest villages to Srinagar city. Rangil water treatment plant is situated in the same area which provides water supply to majority of city population.

Ganderbal
Ganderbal (Urdu pronunciation: [ɡɑːnd̪əɾbəl] ; Kashmiri pronunciation: [ɡaːnd̪arbal]) is a city and the headquarters of Ganderbal district in the Indian-administered union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, in disputed Kashmir region. Ganderbal, known for its natural environment and scenery, has tourist sites like Sonamarg and Manasbal Lake, and the annual Amarnath Yatra pilgrimage also traverses through Ganderbal district.
Ek Aur Sikander
Ek Aur Sikander is a 1986 Indian Hindi-language family drama film directed by Bhaskar Shetty, starring Mithun Chakraborty, Rati Agnihotri, Anita Raj, Amrish Puri and Rakesh Roshan. The film was a semi-hit at the box office.

Anita Raj
Anita Raj Khurana (born 28 February 1963) is an Indian actress and the daughter of well-known actor Jagdish Raj. Her notable films include Prem Geet (1981), Zara Si Zindagi (1983), Naukar Biwi Ka (1983),  Zameen Aasman (1984), Ghulami (1985) and Mazloom (1986). Anita is also known for playing Priyamvada Singh in the TV Series Ek Tha Raja Ek Thi Rani and Kulwant Kaur Dhillon in Choti Sarrdaarni. Currently she is seen as Kaveri Poddar in Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai.
Nartey
Nartey is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ebenezer Gilbert Nii Narh Nartey (born 1979), Ghanaian politician

Eddie Nartey (born 1984), Ghanaian actor, director, and producer

Emmanuel Nartey (born 1983), Ghanaian judoka

Emmanuel Ansah Nartey (born 1948), Ghanaian politician

Felix Nartey, Ghanaian social entrepreneur and open advocate

Jemima Nartey, Ghanaian volunteer organizer

Myralyn “Mimi” Nartey (born 1981), also known as Myralyn Osei Agyemang, Ghanaian association football player

Nii Otu Nartey (born 1952), Ghanaian dental surgeon and professor of oral pathology

Nikolas Nartey (born 2000), Danish association football player

Noah Nartey (born 2005), Danish association football player

Richard Nartey (born 1998), English association football player

Richard Dornu Nartey (born 1949), Ghanaian politician

Zuta Mary Nartey (born 1987), Ghanaian javelin thrower

Felix Nartey
Felix Nartey (/ˈnɑːrteɪ/) is a Ghanaian social entrepreneur and advocate. He was named the Wikimedian of the Year in 2017 by Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales at Wikimania. He is co-founder of Open Foundation West Africa and Creative Commons Ghana, where he is also the chapter lead.
Lester Carney
Lester Nelson "Les" Carney (born March 31, 1934) is a retired American sprinter who won a silver medal in the 200 m at the 1960 Summer Olympics, ahead of two team members who beat him at the Olympic trials. He won another silver in this event at the 1959 Pan American Games.

Carney also played American football at Ohio University. He was drafted by the Baltimore Colts in 1958 but never played professionally. After retiring from sports he worked as a buyer of sporting goods for the M. O'Neil Co. department store chain in Akron, Ohio.

On October 2, 2015, Indian Creek High School (formerly known as Wintersville High School) in Wintersville, Ohio, named its new track and field after the Olympic silver medalist. The field is now the Lester Carney Track at Kettlewell Stadium.

Indian Creek High School (Wintersville, Ohio)
Indian Creek High School is a public high school in Wintersville, Ohio. It is the only secondary school in the Indian Creek Local School District. Athletic teams compete as the Indian Creek Redskins in the Ohio High School Athletic Association as a member of the Buckeye 8 Athletic League as well as the Ohio Valley Athletic Conference.
Almen round
An Almen round is a thin round disk used to quantify the intensity of a shot peening process. Developed in 1994 by Rudolf Bosshard in Switzerland, it is a modification of the Almen strip method, which is used worldwide as a surface treatment testing method in the field of shot peening. The basic principle is the same, but due to the simple shape and minimized size, the Almen round is more suitable for automated processing and installation on dummy rigs. Also instead of the Almen block according SAE J442, here a matching device is used and if connected to electronic processing unit, the Almen value according AMS-S-13165 (predecessor MIL-S-13165 Rev.C) can be evaluated in one run.

SAE International
SAE International is a global professional association and standards organization based in Warrendale, Pennsylvania, United States.  Formerly the Society of Automotive Engineers, the organization adopted its current name in 2006 to reflect both its international membership and the increased scope of its activities beyond automotive engineering and the automotive industry to include aerospace and other transport industries, as well as commercial vehicles including autonomous vehicles such as self-driving cars, trucks, surface vessels, drones, and related technologies.

SAE International has over 138,000 global members. Membership is granted to individuals, rather than companies. Aside from its standardization efforts, SAE International also devotes resources to projects and programs in STEM education, professional certification, and collegiate design competitions.
Axis & Allies Naval Miniatures: War at Sea
Axis & Allies Naval Miniatures: War At Sea is a standalone miniature wargame, originally produced by Avalon Hill,  later by Wizards of the Coast. Axis and Allies Naval Miniatures gameplay is associated with Axis & Allies Miniatures, a World War 2 land battles game also made by Avalon Hill, but the two games are very different. Players take command of miniatures that are 1/1800 scale and represent fleets of individual warships, submarines, and squadrons of Aircraft.

Nakajima B5N
The Nakajima B5N (Allied reporting name "Kate") was the standard carrier-based torpedo bomber of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) for much of World War II. It also served as a high level bomber.

Although the B5N was substantially faster and more capable than its Allied counterparts, the American Douglas TBD Devastator monoplane (the U.S. Navy's first all-metal, carrier-borne monoplane of any type with retracting gear), and the British Fairey Swordfish and Fairey Albacore torpedo biplanes, it was nearing obsolescence by 1941. Nevertheless, the B5N operated throughout the whole war, due to the delayed development of its successor, the B6N Tenzan.

In the early part of the Pacific War, when flown by well-trained IJN aircrews and as part of well-coordinated attacks, the B5N achieved particular successes at the battles of Pearl Harbor, Coral Sea, Midway, and Santa Cruz Islands.
B-MAC
B-MAC is a form of analog video encoding, specifically a type of Multiplexed Analogue Components (MAC) encoding. MAC encoding was designed in the mid 80s for use with Direct Broadcast Satellite systems. Other analog video encoding systems include NTSC, PAL and SECAM. Unlike the Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM) method used in those, MAC encoding uses a Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) method.

B-MAC was a proprietary MAC encoding used by Scientific-Atlanta for encrypting broadcast video services; the full name was "Multiple Analogue Component, Type B".

Time-division multiplexing
Time-division multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting and receiving independent signals over a common signal path by means of synchronized switches at each end of the transmission line so that each signal appears on the line only a fraction of time according to agreed rules, e.g. with each transmitter working in turn. It can be used when the bit rate of the transmission medium exceeds that of the signal to be transmitted. This form of signal multiplexing was developed in telecommunications for telegraphy systems in the late 19th century but found its most common application in digital telephony in the second half of the 20th century.