hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gu Hui (general)
Gu Hui (Chinese: 固辉; October 1930 – 10 September 2013) was a general (shangjiang) of the People's Liberation Army (PLA). He was an alternate member of the 13th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and a member of the 14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a member of the Standing Committee of the 9th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

13th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The 13th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was in session from 1987 to 1992. It held seven plenary sessions. It was preceded by the 12th Central Committee and succeeded by the 14th Central Committee. It elected the 13th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party in 1987.
Mozambique at the 2002 Commonwealth Games
Mozambique competed in its second Commonwealth Games in 2002. It sent six male athletes to the games and three females, competing in athletics, badminton, boxing and swimming. Maria Lurdes Mutola won the nation's only medal, a gold in the women's 800 meters, finishing over a second ahead of her nearest rival.

Aquatics at the 2002 Commonwealth Games
The Aquatics' events at the 2002 Commonwealth Games were held at the Manchester Aquatics Centre in Manchester, England. The sports featured 54 events in three disciplines:

Diving (6)

Swimming (42)

Synchronized Swimming (2)
Samoans
Samoans or Samoan people (Samoan: tagata Sāmoa) are the Indigenous Polynesian people of the Samoan Islands, an archipelago in Polynesia, who speak the Samoan language. The group's home islands are politically and geographically divided between the Independent State of Samoa and American Samoa, an unincorporated territory of the United States of America. Though divided by national border, the culture and language are the same.

The Samoan people and culture form a vital link and stepping stone in the formation and spread of Polynesian culture, language and religion throughout Eastern Polynesia.

Polynesian trade, religion, war, and colonialism are important markers within Polynesian culture that are almost certainly rooted in the Samoan culture. Samoa's ancient history with the kingdom of Tonga, chiefdoms of Fiji and French Polynesia form the basis of modern Polynesian culture.

Indigenous peoples of Oceania
The Indigenous people of Oceania are Aboriginal Australians, Papuans, and Austronesians (Melanesians, Micronesians, and Polynesians). These indigenous peoples have a historical continuity with pre-colonial societies that developed on their territories. With the notable exceptions of Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii, New Caledonia, Guam, and Northern Mariana Islands, indigenous people make up the majority of the populations of Oceania.

This differs from the term Pacific Islanders, which usually excludes Indigenous Australians, and may be understood to include both indigenous and non-indigenous populations of the Pacific Islands alike.
USS Dawn (1857)
The first USS Dawn was a steam-operated vessel acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was used by the Navy to patrol navigable waterways of the Confederacy to prevent the South from trading with other countries.

Dawn — a screw steamer — was built in 1857 by Samuel Sneden, New York City; chartered on 26 April 1861 and purchased on 12 October 1861; outfitted at New York Navy Yard; and commissioned on 9 May 1861, Commander W. Chandler in command.

Union navy
The Union navy is used to describe the United States Navy (USN) during the American Civil War, when it fought the Confederate States Navy (CSN). The term is sometimes used to describe vessels of war used on the rivers of the interior under the control of the Union army.
Ezz El-Dine Zulficar Films Company
Ezz El-Dine Zulficar Films Company (Arabic: شركة أفلام عز الدين ذو الفقار, aka: Ezz El-Dine Zulficar Films) is a film production company founded in Cairo by Ezz El-Dine Zulfikar and  Salah Zulfikar in 1958. The company operated in the Middle East and North Africa since 1958 until 1963.

Sabah (singer)
Jeanette Georges Feghali (10 November 1927 – 26 November 2014), known professionally as Sabah, was a Lebanese singer and actress. Over a seven-decade career in entertainment mainly spanning Egypt and Lebanon, her influence continuously spread across the wider Arab world and regarded her as one of the greatest icons ever known to the region. More popular for her songs, she sang both folkloric and Westernized genres, while in films she took on mostly comedic and romantic roles.

Over the years of her professional life, she had come to be known by several other nicknames, the most notable of which being Al-Shahroura (alternatively Shahrourat al-Wadi), Shams al-Shomous, Al-Sabbouha, and Al-Ustura, as well as "The Notorious Diva" (in the 2009 duet of Yana Yana with Rola Saad).
The Dave & Kerley Show
The Dave & Kerley Show is an Australian television series that airs on Channel [V]. It first began airing on 6 April 2008, and had a run of 13 episodes, finishing on 29 June 2008. It is hosted by Dave Lawson and James Kerley, who had previously hosted Nickelodeon's Sarvo together for two years from 2005 to 2007.

Sarvo
Sarvo was an after-school show for kids on Nickelodeon (New Zealand) and Nickelodeon (Australia), it was hosted by Maude Garrett and Kyle Linahan, until it was cancelled in 2008. It acted as a wrapper program (a show which features other shows within it) to the most popular programs on Nickelodeon.
Ambolodia Sud
Ambolodia Sud or Ambolodia Atsimo is a town and commune (Malagasy: kaominina) in western Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Besalampy, which is a part of Melaky Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 2,000 in 2001 commune census.

Only primary schooling is available. The majority 90% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 10% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is raffia palm, while other important products are cassava and rice.

Melaky
Melaky is a region in northwestern Madagascar. It borders Boeny Region in northeast, Betsiboka in east, Bongolava in southeast and Menabe in south. The capital of the region is Maintirano. The population was estimated to be 309,805 in 2018 within the area of 38,852 km2 (15,001 sq mi). Melaky has the smallest population and the lowest population density of all Malagasy regions.
Amenable Banach algebra
In mathematics, specifically in functional analysis, a Banach algebra, A,  is amenable if all bounded derivations from A into dual Banach A-bimodules are inner (that is of the form  for some  in the dual module).

An equivalent characterization is that A is amenable if and only if it has a virtual diagonal.

Dual module
In mathematics, the dual module of a left (respectively right) module M over a ring R is the set of left (respectively right) R-module homomorphisms from M to R with the pointwise right (respectively left) module structure.  The dual module is typically denoted M∗ or HomR(M, R).

If the base ring R is a field, then a dual module is a dual vector space.

Every module has a canonical homomorphism to the dual of its dual (called the double dual). A reflexive module is one for which the canonical homomorphism is an isomorphism. A torsionless module is one for which the canonical homomorphism is injective.

Example: If  is a finite commutative group scheme represented by a Hopf algebra A over a commutative ring R, then the Cartier dual  is the Spec of the dual R-module of A.
Ryan Winkler
Ryan Patrick Winkler (born December 30, 1975) is an American politician and the former majority leader of the Minnesota House of Representatives. A member of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL), he represented District 46A, which includes portions of the cities of Golden Valley, Plymouth, and St. Louis Park in Hennepin County.

In February 2018, Winkler announced his intentions to run for the legislative office he previously held in District 46A. He was re-elected, succeeding Peggy Flanagan, who had left the house to run for lieutenant governor.

DFL legislators elected Winkler to serve as Majority Leader in November 2018, and he took office in January 2019.

Winkler announced that he would retire from the Minnesota House of Representatives at the end of his 2021–2023 term. He went on to run in the DFL primary election for Hennepin County Attorney on August 9, 2022, finishing in 3rd place.

Golden Valley, Minnesota
Golden Valley is a western first-ring suburb of Minneapolis in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. Its population was 22,552 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 21,263 in 2024. The city is mostly residential and is bordered by Interstate 394. Over 15% of it is parks or nature reserves. Minnesota State Highway 55 runs through the city, providing a direct route to downtown Minneapolis.

Golden Valley is the main corporate headquarters of General Mills, a major flour-milling and food-products company originally located in Minneapolis. It is the site of Pentair's U.S. headquarters and local NBC affiliate KARE. The city was also home to the former Minneapolis-Honeywell headquarters, which is now the Resideo Technologies corporate offices.
Todt Ridge
Todt Ridge (71°22′S 13°57′E﻿ / ﻿71.367°S 13.950°E﻿ / -71.367; 13.950) is a partially snow-covered ridge, 3 nautical miles (6 km) long, lying 5 nautical miles (9 km) east of Mount Mentzel at the east end of the Gruber Mountains of Queen Maud Land. Discovered by the German Antarctic Expedition, 1938–39, under Captain Alfred Ritscher. Named for Herbert Todt, an assistant to Ritscher who served as home secretary for the expedition.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Todt Ridge". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

New Swabia
New Swabia (Norwegian and German: Neuschwabenland) was an area of Antarctica explored, with the intention to claim it, by Nazi Germany between 1938 and 1939, within the Norwegian territorial claim of Queen Maud Land. The region was named after the expedition's ship, Schwabenland, itself named after the German region of Swabia. Although the name "New Swabia" is occasionally mentioned in historical contexts, it is not an officially recognized cartographic name in modern use. The area is now part of Queen Maud Land, governed under the Antarctic Treaty System.
4th Nunavut Legislature
The 4th Nunavut Legislature began after the 2013 general election on October 29. The election returned 20 of the 22 non-partisan members, with the results in two seats pending judicial recounts or follow-up by-elections due to a tied result on election day. After the official recount held November 5, 2013, the district of Rankin Inlet South was found to be still tied and Uqqummiut was won by two votes.

Election recount
An election recount is a repeat tabulation of votes cast in an election that is used to determine the correctness of an initial count. Recounts will often take place if the initial vote tally during an election is extremely close. Election recounts will often result in changes in contest tallies. Errors can be found or introduced from human factors, such as transcription errors, or machine errors, such as misreads of paper ballots.
Embassy of Denmark, Washington, D.C.
The Danish Embassy in Washington, D.C. is the Kingdom of Denmark's diplomatic mission to the United States. It is located at 3200 Whitehaven St., NW in Washington, D.C. The embassy also operates consulates-general in Chicago, Houston, New York City and in Palo Alto, California.

Northwest (Washington, D.C.)
Northwest (NW or N.W.) is the northwestern quadrant of Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States, and is located north of the National Mall and west of North Capitol Street. It is the largest of the four quadrants of the city (NW, NE, SW and SE), and it includes the central business district, the Federal Triangle, and the museums along the northern side of the National Mall, as well as many of the District's historic neighborhoods.

Politically, Northwest is made up of parts of Wards 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, with Wards 1 and 3 being the only wards located entirely within the quadrant. The Northwest is the wealthiest quadrant of the city, particularly west of 16th Street.
Hematodinium
Hematodinium is a genus of dinoflagellates. Species in this genus, such as Hematodinium perezi, the type species, are internal parasites of the hemolymph of crustaceans such as the Atlantic blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) and Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus). Species in the genus are economically damaging to commercial crab fisheries, including causing bitter crab disease in the large Tanner or snow crab fisheries of the Bering Sea.

Chionoecetes opilio
Chionoecetes opilio, a species of snow crab, also known as opilio crab or opies, is a predominantly epifaunal crustacean native to shelf depths in the northwest Atlantic Ocean and north Pacific Ocean. It is a well-known commercial species of Chionoecetes, often caught with traps or by trawling. Seven species are in the genus Chionoecetes, all of which bear the name "snow crab". C. opilio is related to C. bairdi, commonly known as the tanner crab, and other crab species found in the cold, northern oceans.
Héctor Guevara Ramírez
Héctor Guevara Ramírez (29 September 1956 – 15 May 2022) was a Mexican politician from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). 
In the 1997 legislative election he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies 
to represent the State of Mexico's 6th district, 
and in  the 2009 mid-terms he was re-elected to the same seat.
He was the municipal president of Coacalco de Berriozábal between 1991 and 1993.

2009 Mexican legislative election
Legislative elections were held in Mexico on 5 July 2009. Voters elected 500 new deputies (300 by their respective constituencies and 200 by proportional representation) to sit in the Chamber of Deputies for the 61st Congress.
Baluahi
Baluahi is a village in Bhojpur district in the state of Bihar, India, located 25 km from Arrah and 1 km from Jagdispur.It has total 124 families residing. Baluahi has population of 632 as per government records.

Arrah
Arrah (also spelled as Arra, Arah, transliterated as Ara) is a city and a municipal corporation in Bhojpur district (formerly known as Shahabad district) in the Indian state of Bihar. During the British Raj, it served as the administrative headquarters and was considered the most populous urban centre of the historical Shahabad district. It is the headquarters of Bhojpur district, located near the confluence of the Ganges and Sone rivers, some 24 miles (39 km) from Danapur and 36 miles (58 km) from Patna.

The city holds an important position in Indian history, mainly because of its role in the Siege of Arrah, an important event during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Today, Arrah is a cultural centre for the Bhojpuri speaking region of India. Its economy is driven by agriculture and the trade of building materials, mainly sand and bricks from the riverine plains.
Lowering Gasoline Prices to Fuel an America That Works Act of 2014
The Lowering Gasoline Prices to Fuel an America That Works Act of 2014 (H.R. 4899) is a bill that would revise existing laws and policies regarding the development of oil and gas resources on the Outer Continental Shelf. The bill is intended to increase domestic energy production and lower gas prices.

The bill was introduced and passed in the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.

113th United States Congress
The 113th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, from January 3, 2013, to January 3, 2015, during the fifth and sixth years of Barack Obama's presidency. It was composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives based on the results of the 2012 Senate elections and the 2012 House elections. The seats in the House were apportioned based on the 2010 United States census. It first met in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2013, and it ended on January 3, 2015. Senators elected to regular terms in 2008 were in the last two years of those terms during this Congress.

The Senate had a Democratic majority, while the House had a Republican majority; such a split would not be repeated until the 118th Congress. This was the last time Democrats held control of the Senate until the 117th Congress in 2021.
Shoshone Range
The Shoshone Range is a mountain range in Lander County, Nevada. The northeast end of the range extends into Eureka County at Shoshone Point on the Humboldt River.

The range was named from the Shoshoni language meaning "grass".

Eureka County, Nevada
Eureka County is a county in the U.S. state of Nevada. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,855, making it the second-least populous county in Nevada. Its county seat is Eureka.

Eureka County is part of the Elko Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Săcele, Constanța
Săcele (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈsət͡ʃele]) is a commune in Constanța County, Northern Dobruja, Romania, consisting of two villages:

Săcele (historical names: Peletlia, Turkish: Peletli), named after Săcele, Brașov County.

Traian, named after the Roman emperor Trajan.

Brașov County
Brașov County (Romanian pronunciation: [braˈʃov] ⓘ) is a county (județ) of Transylvania, Romania. Its capital city is Brașov. The county incorporates within its boundaries most of the Medieval "lands" (țări) Burzenland and Făgăraș.
Bulleraceae
The Bulleraceae are a family of fungi in the order Tremellales. The family currently contains four genera. Some species produce gelatinous basidiocarps and were formerly placed in the genus Tremella. Most, however, are only known from their yeast states.

Basidiocarp
In fungi, a basidiocarp, basidiome, or basidioma (pl. basidiomata) is the sporocarp of a basidiomycete, the multicellular structure on which the spore-producing hymenium is borne. Basidiocarps are characteristic of the hymenomycetes; rusts and smuts do not produce such structures. As with other sporocarps, epigeous (above-ground) basidiocarps that are visible to the naked eye (especially those with a more or less agaricoid morphology) are commonly referred to as mushrooms, while hypogeous (underground) basidiocarps are usually called false truffles.
Drewniaczki
Drewniaczki [drɛvˈɲat͡ʂki] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Skórcz, within Starogard County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is located within the ethnocultural region of Kociewie in the historic region of Pomerania.

Kociewie
Kociewie is an ethnocultural region in the eastern part of Tuchola Forest, in northern Poland, Pomerania, that is inhabited by the Kociewians. Its cultural capital is Starogard Gdański, the biggest town is Tczew, while other major towns include Świecie, and Pelplin. The region has about 250,000 inhabitants. It has well-developed industry and agriculture. Administratively, it is divided between the Pomeranian and Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeships.

Kociewie is bordered by the Chełmno Land in the south, Powiśle in the east, Kashubia and Żuławy Wiślane in the north, and other parts of historic Pomerania in the west.
Kirksey v. Kirksey
Kirksey v. Kirksey, 8 Ala. 131 (1845), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of Alabama that held that a promise by a man, Issac Kirksey, to give his sister-in-law a house if she would move to his land was not a valid contract because it lacked bargained-for-consideration.

The trial was initiated in Talladega, Alabama.

Talladega, Alabama
Talladega (/ˌtæləˈdɪɡə/, also /ˌtæləˈdeɪɡə/) is a city in and the county seat of Talladega County, Alabama, United States. It was incorporated in 1835. At the 2020 census, the population was 15,861. Talladega is approximately 50 miles (80 km) east of one of the state's largest cities, Birmingham.

The city is home to the Alabama Institute for the Deaf and Blind, Talladega Municipal Airport, and Talladega College, a historically black college. The Talladega Superspeedway,  and the International Motorsports Hall of Fame are located nearby. The First National Bank of Talladega (now First Bank of Alabama) is the oldest bank in the State of Alabama, being founded in 1848.
Robert Huntley
Robert E. R. Huntley (né Robert Edward Royall Huntley; 1929 – December 10, 2015) was an American attorney, businessman, retired law professor, and former president of Washington and Lee University.

He graduated from Washington and Lee in 1950 and its law school in 1957. He obtained a master's degree in law from Harvard University in 1962. He joined the law faculty of Washington and Lee in 1958, and served as its dean from 1967 to 1968. In 1968 he was named president of the university, a post he held for 15 years.

He practiced law with the Richmond, Virginia, law firm of Hunton & Williams from 1988 until his retirement in 1995. He also served as chairman, president and chief executive officer of Best Products. He also served on the board of directors of Altria Group.

Best Products
Best Products Company, Inc., or simply Best, was a chain of American catalog showroom retail stores founded by Sydney and Frances Lewis in 1957 and formerly headquartered in Richmond, Virginia. The company was in existence for four decades, until 1998. In 1996, the company operated 169 Best stores and 11 Best Jewelry stores in 23 states, and a nationwide mail-order service. Best Products was traded on the NASDAQ exchange as "BESTQ".
Salt Spring Coffee
Salt Spring Coffee is a business that produces roasted coffee beans and operates a coffee kiosk.

Headquartered in Richmond, British Columbia, the company attempts to differentiate itself in the market by following sustainability values in their corporate vision statement. The Salt Spring Coffee Company operates a kiosk at the Tsawwassen Ferry Terminal. Their coffees are marketed as by being Fair to Farmer Direct, certified organic, fair trade, shade grown, and carbon neutral. They maintain organic certification through the Pacific Agricultural Certification Society.

Product differentiation
In economics, strategic management and marketing, product differentiation (or simply "differentiation") is the process of distinguishing a product or service from others to make it more attractive to a particular target market. This involves differentiating it from competitors' products as well as from a firm's other products. The concept was proposed by Edward Chamberlin in his 1933 book, The Theory of Monopolistic Competition.

There are three types of product differentiation:

Horizontal differentiation: Based on a single product characteristic which is subjectively evaluated by consumers

Vertical differentiation: Based on a single product characteristic which can be objectively evaluated by consumers

Mixed differentiation: A combination of horizontal and vertical differentiation factors.
Pubic ligament
Pubic ligament can refer to:

Inferior pubic ligament (ligamentum pubicum inferius)

Superior pubic ligament (ligamentum pubicum superius)

Pectineal ligament or Cooper's pubic ligament (ligamentum pectineum)

Pectineal ligament
The pectineal ligament, sometimes known as the inguinal ligament of Cooper, is an extension of the lacunar ligament. It runs on the pectineal line of the pubic bone. The pectineal ligament is the posterior border of the femoral ring.