hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ian Prosser
Sir Ian Maurice Gray Prosser (born 5 July 1943) is a British businessman.

Prosser was born in Bath, England and educated at King Edward's School, Bath, Watford Grammar School for Boys and Birmingham University.

He retired in 2021 from positions of Chairman BP Pension Trustees, Chairman Navy Army & Airforce Institute and Chairman of GamCare. He was Chairman & CEO of Bass Brewery and latterly Chairman of IHG Hotels & Resorts until his retirement in 2003. He is a former non-executive Deputy Chairman of BP, having joined as a non-executive Director in 1997 and retired on 15 April 2010. He was formerly senior independent director of GlaxoSmithkline, a non-executive director of Boots, of Lloyds TSB. Hillshire Brands (formerly Sara Lee) Chairman of the Aviva Staff Pension Scheme and Chairman of Navy, Army & Air Force Institute.

Prosser received his knighthood in the 1995 New Year Honours list. Prosser was awarded an honorary DUniv by the University of Birmingham in 2001.

Hillshire Brands
The Hillshire Brands Company was an American food company based in Chicago, Illinois. Prior to its acquisition by Tyson Foods, the company employed over 9,000 people and generated nearly $4 billion in annual sales.
Epigraphia Carnatica
Epigraphia Carnatica is a set of books on epigraphy of the Old Mysore region of India, compiled by Benjamin Lewis Rice, the Director of the Mysore Archaeological Department. Over a period of about ten years between 1894 and 1905, Rice published the books in a set of twelve volumes. The books contain the study of about 9,000 inscriptions from lithic surfaces and copper plates, which were found in the region. Apart from the original inscription, an English translation and a Roman transliteration are also provided.

Lithic core
In archaeology, a lithic core is a distinctive artifact that results from the practice of lithic reduction.  In this sense, a core is the scarred nucleus resulting from the detachment of one or more flakes from a lump of source material or tool stone, usually by using a hard hammer precursor such as a hammerstone.  The core is marked with the negative scars of these flakes.  The surface area of the core which received the blows necessary for detaching the flakes is referred to as the striking platform. The core may be discarded or shaped further into a core tool, such as can be seen in some types of handaxe.
Villupuram Junction railway station
Villupuram Junction (station code: VM) is an NSG–3 category Indian railway station in Tiruchirappalli railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a railway station in Viluppuram, Tamil Nadu. Being a prominent railway station, it serves as the distribution point of rail traffic from Chennai, the state capital of Tamil Nadu, towards the southern and central parts of the state. It is the third largest junction by number of branch lines in the state of Tamil Nadu after Salem junction,Tiruchchirapalli Junction.

Southern Railway zone
Southern Railway (abbreviated SR) is one of the 18 zones of Indian Railways. It is headquartered at Chennai and operates across the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka , Andhra Pradesh and the union territory of Puducherry. It maintains about 5,081 km (3,157 mi) of railway lines and operates 727 railway stations.

The origin of the Southern Railway can be traced back to the mid-19th century. In 1835, the first railway track in India was constructed in Madras and became operational in 1837. The Madras Railway was formally established later in 1845. The Southern Railway was created on 14 April 1950 by merging three state railways, namely, the Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway, the South Indian Railway Company, and the Mysore State Railway and became the first railway zone of the Indian Railways.
Mark McCullough
Mark McCullough (born August 7, 1967) is an American businessman, lawyer, and Republican politician from Oklahoma. McCullough represented the 30th district in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from 2006 until 2017. House District 30 encompasses Sapulpa, Mounds, Kiefer, Glenpool, Bixby, and outlying areas. McCullough has been appointed chairman of the Appropriations and Budget
Judiciary for the First Regular Session of the 54th Oklahoma Legislature.

Kiefer, Oklahoma
Kiefer is a town in Creek County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 2,187 at the 2020 census, a 30% increase over the 1,685 population recorded at the 2010 census, which itself was a 64 percent increase over the 1,026 figure recorded in 2000.
Mykala Voita
Mykala Voita is an American politician. She serves as a Republican member for the 21st district of the South Dakota Senate.  Voita is a member of the State's Senate Appropriations Committee and the Joint Committee on Appropriations.

On February 18, 2025, Voita spoke in opposition to a bill that would have raised the age to marry in South Dakota to 18-years-old. She said the issue was personal to her as she was once "two months away from being in an underage marriage," but ultimately they decided to wait. She voted no to passing the bill.

In March of 2025, three pro-gun bills she sponsored were signed by Governor Larry Rhoden.

South Dakota's 21st legislative district
South Dakota's 21st legislative district is one of 35 districts in the South Dakota Legislature. Each district is represented by 1 senator and 2 representatives. In the Senate, it has been represented by Republican Erin Tobin since 2021. In the House, it has been represented by Republicans Jim Halverson since 2025 and Marty Overweg since 2020.
Peter Arslanovich Urusov
Peter Urusov (Russian: Пётр Арсла́нович Урусов, Turkish: Urak Arslan-oglu) was a Tatar prince who killed False Dmitry II in December 1610. Urusov married Anna Grigoryevna, the former wife of  Alexander Shuysky, brother to Tsar Vasily Shuyky. They had a son named Vasily.

Shuysky
The House of Shuysky (Shuisky; Russian: Шуйские, romanized: Shuyskiye) was a Russian family of boyars and tsars, a cadet branch of the Rurikids.

The surname is derived from the town of Shuya, of which the Shuiskys gained ownership in 1403. From 1606 to 1610, Vasili Shuisky ruled as tsar over Russia during the Time of Troubles.
Voluntary return
Voluntary return or voluntary repatriation is the return of a migrant  such as undocumented immigrants, rejected asylum seekers, refugees, unaccompanied minors, as well as second-generation immigrants who, of their own free-will, make the decision to return to their country of origin or homeland when they are unable or unwilling to remain in their host country, for a variety of possible reasons, from conflicting cultural values to deteriorating conditions.

Homeland
A homeland is a place where a national or ethnic identity has formed. The definition can also mean simply one's country of birth. When used as a proper noun, the Homeland, as well as its equivalents in other languages, often has ethnic nationalist connotations. A homeland may also be referred to as a fatherland, a motherland, or a mother country, depending on the culture and language of the nationality in question.
Saverne
Saverne (French: Saverne, pronounced [savɛʁn] ⓘ; Alsatian: Zàwere [ˈd̥sɐːvəʁə]; German: Zabern [ˈtsaːbɐn] ⓘ) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. It is situated on the Rhine-Marne canal at the foot of a pass over the Vosges Mountains, and 45 km (27 mi) northwest of Strasbourg.

As of 2023, the population of the commune was 11,460. Saverne is the centre of an urban area with about 19,000 inhabitants.

Bas-Rhin
Bas-Rhin (French pronunciation: [bɑ ʁɛ̃] ⓘ) is a department in Alsace which is a part of the Grand Est region of France. The name means 'Lower Rhine', referring to its lower altitude among the two French Rhine departments: it is downstream of the Haut-Rhin (Upper Rhine) department. Both belong to the European Upper Rhine region. It is, with the Haut-Rhin (Upper Rhine), one of the two departments of the traditional Alsace region which until 1871, also included the area now known as the Territoire de Belfort. The more populous and densely populated of the pair, it had 1,152,662 inhabitants in 2021. The prefecture is based in Strasbourg. The INSEE and Post Code is 67.

On 1 January 2021, the departemental councils of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin merged into the European Collectivity of Alsace.

The inhabitants of the department are known as Bas-Rhinois or Bas-Rhinoises.
Ağaşirinoba
Ağaşirinoba (also, Aghashirinoba) is a village and municipality in the Khachmaz District of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 1,541. The municipality consists of the villages of Aghashirinoba, Gyragly, and Manafoba.

Khachmaz District
41°28′N 48°48′E﻿ / ﻿41.467°N 48.800°E﻿ / 41.467; 48.800

Khachmaz District (Azerbaijani: Xaçmaz rayonu; Lezgian: Хъачмаз район) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the northeast of the country and belongs to the Guba-Khachmaz Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Qusar, Quba, Shabran, and the Russian Republic of Dagestan. Its capital and largest city is Khachmaz. As of 2020, the district had a population of 179,800.
Pristimantis chiastonotus
Pristimantis chiastonotus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Suriname, and possibly Guyana.
Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forests, rural gardens, and heavily degraded former forest.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

Strabomantidae
The Strabomantidae, sometimes called cloud forest landfrogs, are a family of frogs native to South America. These frogs lack a free-living larval stage and hatch directly into miniature "froglets". This family includes Pristimantis, the most speciose genus of any vertebrate. Based on molecular dating, the Holoadeninae in particular appears to have originated in the Eocene. The Oligocene-Miocene transition was also found to be important to their biogeographical history. However, the lack of Holoadeninae fossils and limited nucleotide data ambiguates the results, by the authors' admission.
Mahmood Madani
Mahmood Asad Madani (born 3 March 1964) is an Indian Islamic scholar, activist, politician, and president of the Mahmood faction of the Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind religious organisation. He formerly served as the general secretary of Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind (JUH), and as member of the Rashtriya Lok Dal (RLD) party in the Rajya Sabha (the Indian upper house) in the state of Uttar Pradesh from 2006 to 2012. He is ranked 27th on the list of The 500 Most Influential Muslims.

Deoband
Deoband is a town and a municipality in Saharanpur district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, about 150 km (93 miles) from Delhi. Darul Uloom Deoband, an Islamic seminary and one of the largest Islamic institutions of India is located there.
Curling's ulcer
Curling's ulcer is an acute gastric erosion resulting as a complication from severe burns when reduced plasma volume leads to ischemia and cell necrosis (sloughing) of the gastric mucosa.  The condition was first described in 1823 and named after Thomas Blizard Curling, who observed ten such cases in 1842.

These stress ulcers (actually shallow multiple erosions) were once a common complication of serious burns, presenting in over 10% of cases, and especially common in child burn victims.  They result in perforation and hemorrhage more often than other forms of intestinal ulceration and had correspondingly high mortality rates (at least 80%).

Gastric erosion
Gastric erosion occurs when the mucous membrane lining the stomach becomes inflamed. Specifically, the term "erosion" in this context means damage that is limited to the mucosa, which consists of three distinct layers: the epithelium (in the case of a healthy stomach, this is non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium), the basement membrane, and the lamina propria. An erosion is different from an ulcer, which is an area of damage to the gastrointestinal wall (in this case the gastric wall) that extends deeper through the wall than an erosion; an ulcer can extend anywhere from beyond the lamina propria to right through the wall, potentially causing a perforation.

Some drugs, as tablets, can irritate this mucous membrane, especially drugs taken for arthritis and muscular disorders, steroids, and aspirin. A gastric erosion may also occur because of emotional stress, or as a side effect of burns or stomach injuries. See acute gastritis.
VAT1
Synaptic vesicle membrane protein VAT-1 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VAT1 gene.

Synaptic vesicles are responsible for regulating the storage and release of neurotransmitters in the nerve terminal. The protein encoded by this gene is an abundant integral membrane protein of cholinergic synaptic vesicles and is thought to be involved in vesicular transport. It belongs to the quinone oxidoreductase subfamily of zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase proteins.

In melanocytic cells VAT1 gene expression may be regulated by MITF.

Integral membrane protein
An integral, or intrinsic, membrane protein (IMP)  is a type of membrane protein that is permanently attached to the biological membrane. All transmembrane proteins can be classified as IMPs, but not all IMPs are transmembrane proteins. IMPs comprise a significant fraction of the proteins encoded in an organism's genome. Proteins that cross the membrane are surrounded by annular lipids, which are defined as lipids that are in direct contact with a membrane protein. Such proteins can only be separated from the membranes by using detergents, nonpolar solvents, or sometimes denaturing agents.

Proteins that adhere only temporarily to cellular membranes are known as peripheral membrane proteins. These proteins can either associate with integral membrane proteins, or independently insert in the lipid bilayer in several ways.
Sewardsley Priory
Sewardsley Priory was a priory occupied by Cistercian nuns in Showsley near Towcester, West Northamptonshire, England.

The priory was established in the 12th century by a gift of Richard de Lestre during the reign of King Henry II.

Following the dissolution of the monasteries, the details of the location and arrangement of the Priory buildings had been lost until 2006. In that year, a portion of a building wall was found during a private excavation. This led to a brief but  extensive archaeological study of the site.

The Channel 4 program Time Team (series 14, episode 4), spent three days at the site during the 2007 digging season.

The program first aired in January 2008, and has subsequently been re-aired on satellite TV channels.

Priory
A priory is a monastery of men or women under religious vows that is headed by a prior or prioress. They are found in the Catholic Church, Lutheran Churches, and Anglican Communion. Priories may be monastic houses of monks or nuns (such as the Benedictines, the Cistercians, or the Charterhouses). Houses of canons & canonesses regular also use this term, the alternative being canonry. Mendicant houses, of friars, nuns, or tertiary sisters (such as the Friars Preachers, Augustinian Hermits, and Carmelites) also exclusively use this term.

In pre-Reformation England, if an abbey church was raised to cathedral status, the abbey became a cathedral priory. The bishop, in effect, took the place of the abbot, and the monastery itself was headed by a prior.
Schaad
Schaad is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andreas Schaad (born 1965), Swiss Nordic combined skier

Anni Schaad (1911–1988), German businesswoman and jewellery designer

Bentley Schaad (1925–1999), American art educator

Roman Schaad (born 1993), Swiss cross-country skier

Rudolf Schaad (1901–1990), Russian-born German film editor

Bentley Schaad
Bentley Schaad (1925–1999), was a California modernist and art educator.

Bentley Schaad was born in Los Angeles, California, in 1925. As an art student, he attended Jepson Art Institute, the Art Center in Pasadena and the Claremont Colleges. A pupil, and later a colleague, of Henry Lee McFee, Schaad learned the principles of line, color and form. His proficiency as an artist and his technical aesthetic innovations enabled him to begin teaching art at Otis Art Institute. Schaad spent the majority of his career as an instructor.

Schaad was a prolific artist in the West Coast modernist movement along with Henry Lee McFee, Rico Lebrun and Richard Haines. Schaad utilized many concepts of the modernist aesthetic in his work. His paintings were often composed of many broken planes of color — with a concentration on shape, form and structure of an object.
John M. Hennessy
John M. (Jack) Hennessy is an American financier and philanthropist. The son of John F. Hennessy and Octavia Tanksley, he was born on May 5, 1936, in Boston, Massachusetts.

He was educated at the Roxbury Latin School, Harvard University (where he graduated magna cum laude), and the MIT Sloan School of Management. He and his wife, Margarita, divide their time among Nassau, Bahamas, London, England, where
their daughter and son-in-law live, and Tuxedo Park, New York, where their son, daughter-in-law, and three grandchildren live.

MIT Sloan School of Management
The MIT Sloan School of Management (branded as MIT Sloan) is the business school of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

MIT Sloan offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degree programs, as well as executive education. Many influential ideas in management and finance originated at the school, including the Black–Scholes model, the random walk hypothesis, the binomial options pricing model, and the field of system dynamics. The faculty has included numerous Nobel laureates in economics and John Bates Clark Medal winners.
McClurg
McClurg is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander C. McClurg, American general and publisher

Andrew McClurg, American legal scholar

Edie McClurg (born 1945), American actor

James McClurg (1746–1823), Virginia physician and politician

Joseph W. McClurg (1818–1900), American politician

Virginia Donaghe McClurg (1857–1931), Regent-General of National Colorado Cliff Dwellings Association

Alexander C. McClurg
Alexander Caldwell McClurg (September 9, 1832 – April 15, 1901) was an American bookseller and military adviser from Pennsylvania. He was raised in Pittsburgh, where his father owned a prosperous foundry. Graduating from Miami University, McClurg briefly studied law before moving to Chicago, Illinois, to join a bookselling house. During the Civil War, McClurg served as a captain with the 88th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment. After his advisory skills were noticed by General Alexander McDowell McCook, McClurg spent the rest of the war as an adviser to various generals. His most prominent position was as Chief of Staff and Adjunct General to Major General Jefferson C. Davis and the XIV Corps. After the war, McClurg returned to his bookselling house as a junior partner. McClurg eventually became senior partner and the house became known as A. C. McClurg & Co.
Sphenacodontidae
Sphenacodontidae (Greek: "wedge point tooth family") is an extinct family of sphenacodontoid synapsids. Small to large, advanced, carnivorous, Late Pennsylvanian to middle Permian "pelycosaurs". The most recent one, Dimetrodon angelensis, is from the latest Kungurian or, more likely, early Roadian San Angelo Formation. However, given the notorious incompleteness of the fossil record, a recent study concluded that the Sphenacodontidae may have become extinct as recently as the early Capitanian. Primitive forms were generally small (60 cm to 1 meter), but during the later part of the early Permian these animals grew progressively larger (up to 3 meters or more), to become the top predators of terrestrial environments. Sphenacodontid fossils are so far known only from North America and Europe.

Capitanian
In the geologic timescale, the Capitanian is an age or stage of the Permian. It is also the uppermost or latest of three subdivisions of the Guadalupian Epoch or Series. The Capitanian lasted between 264.28 and 259.51 million years ago. It was preceded by the Wordian and followed by the Wuchiapingian.

A significant mass extinction event occurred at the end of this stage, which was associated with anoxia and acidification in the oceans and possibly caused by the volcanic eruptions that produced the Emeishan Traps. This extinction event may be related to the much larger Permian–Triassic extinction event that followed about 10 million years later.
Wiley-Ringland House
The Wiley-Ringland House is a historic home in the town of Somerset, Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. It is named for its original owner/builder Harvey Washington Wiley and longtime owner/resident, Arthur Cuming Ringland. The house is a 2+1⁄2-story Queen Anne-style frame building built about 1893. A fire in 1978 significantly damaged the house, causing it to sit empty for many years, but it was restored between 2001 and 2002 by new owners.

The Wiley-Ringland House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

Montgomery County, Maryland
Montgomery County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, the county's population was 1,062,061, increasing by 9.3% from 2010. The county seat is Rockville, while its most populous place is Germantown. The county is adjoined to Washington, D.C., the nation's capital, and is part of the Washington metropolitan area and the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. Most of the county's residents live in Silver Spring, Bethesda, Germantown, and the incorporated cities of Rockville and Gaithersburg.

The average household income in Montgomery County is the 20th-highest among U.S. counties as of 2020.

The county has the highest percentage (29.2%) of residents over 25 years of age who hold post-graduate degrees. Like other counties in the Washington metropolitan area, the county has several U.S. government offices, scientific research and learning centers, and business campuses.
Ellen Feld
Ellen Feld is an American author, most notably of children's books about horses, in particular, Morgan horses. Morgan horses are an American horse breed which traces its roots to Figure, also known as Justin Morgan, the first Morgan horse, born in West Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1789.

Feld's work has appeared regularly in such publications as The Morgan Horse Magazine, Stable Management, Just About Horses, Tri-State Horse, Equestrian and The Appaloosa Journal. Feld lives in Massachusetts with her husband, two children (Nick and Holly), seven horses, and assorted pets.

West Springfield, Massachusetts
West Springfield is a city in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area.  The population was 28,835 at the 2020 United States Census. The city is also known as "West Side", in reference to the fact that it is on the western side of the Connecticut River from Springfield, a fact which played a major part in the town's early history.
Empty sella syndrome
Empty sella syndrome is the condition when the pituitary gland shrinks or becomes flattened, filling the sella turcica  with cerebrospinal fluid instead of the normal pituitary. It can be discovered as part of the diagnostic workup of pituitary disorders, or as an incidental finding when imaging the brain.

Incidental medical findings
Incidental medical findings are previously undiagnosed medical or psychiatric conditions that are discovered unintentionally and during evaluation for a medical or psychiatric condition. Such findings may occur in a variety of settings, including routine medical care, during biomedical research, during post-mortem autopsy, or during genetic testing.