hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2016 United States Senate election in Kentucky
The 2016 United States Senate election in Kentucky was held November 8, 2016 to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Kentucky, concurrently with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. The primaries were held May 17.

Incumbent Republican Senator Rand Paul filed for re-election in December 2015, and Mayor Jim Gray of Lexington filed to run against Paul for the Senate in late January 2016. In the general election, Paul defeated Gray by 14.5 points.

Ed Whitfield
Wayne Edward Whitfield (born May 25, 1943) is an American politician and attorney who served as the U.S. representative of Kentucky's 1st congressional district from January 1995, until his resignation in September 2016. He is a member of the Republican Party, and the first to represent the district. His district covered much of the western part of the state, including Hopkinsville, Paducah, Henderson and Kentucky's share of Fort Campbell.
21st U-boat Flotilla
21st U-boat Flotilla ("21. Unterseebootsflottille") was a unit of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine before and during World War II. It was formed in 1935 as a Schulverband ("School Unit") based at Kiel under the command of Kapitän zur See Kurt Slevogt (Chef des Schulverbandes).

In May 1937 the unit moved to Neustadt and was redesignated as the Unterseebootsschulflottille, ("U-boat School Flotilla"), commanded by Kapitänleutnant Heinz Beduhn.

In June 1940 it was redesignated 21. Unterseebootsflottille, and in July 1941 the flotilla moved bases to Pillau. The flotilla was disbanded in March 1945.

Baltiysk
Baltiysk (/bɔːlˈtiːsk/ bawl-TEESK) is a seaport town and the administrative center of Baltiysky District in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the northern part of the Vistula Spit, on the shore of the Strait of Baltiysk separating the Vistula Lagoon from Gdańsk Bay. It had a population of 33,946 (2021 census); 32,697 (2010 census); 33,252 (2002 census); 27,070 (1989 Soviet census).

Baltiysk, the westernmost town in Russia, is a major base of the Russian Navy's Baltic Fleet and is connected to St. Petersburg by ferry.
Maniaci
Maniaci is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Joe Maniaci (1914 – 1996), American football player and coach

Michael Maniaci (born 1976), American opera singer

Teodoro Maniaci, American cinematographer and documentary director

Joe Maniaci
Joseph Vincent Maniaci (January 23, 1914 – June 20, 1996) was an American professional football player and coach.  He played college football at Fordham University and then in the National Football League (NFL) with the Brooklyn Dodgers and the Chicago Bears. He was selected in the sixth round of the 1936 NFL draft with the 49th overall pick. Maniaci served as the head football coach at Saint Louis University from 1948 to 1949, compiling a record of 6–13–1.  The school dropped its varsity football program after the 1949 season.
Romesh Kaluwitharana
Deshabandu Romesh Shantha Kaluwitharana (Sinhala: රොමේෂ් ශාන්ත කලුවිතාරණ; born 24 November 1969) is a former Sri Lankan cricketer who represented the Sri Lanka national cricket team from 1990 to 2004. He was a key member and wicketkeeper for the 1996 Cricket World Cup winning team and renowned for his aggressive batting style.

Kaluwitharana and his erstwhile opening batting partner Sanath Jayasuriya are credited for revolutionizing one-day international cricket with explosive batting in the mid-1990s. He made his Twenty20 debut on 17 August 2004, for Colts Cricket Club in the 2004 SLC Twenty20 Tournament. He was appointed as the interim cricket coach of Malaysia on 17 May 2008. He was educated at St. Sebastian's College, Moratuwa.

St. Sebastian's College, Moratuwa
St. Sebastian's College (Sinhala: සාන්ත සෙබස්තියන් විදුහල, Tamil: செயிண்ட் செபாஸ்டியன் கல்லூரி) is a  Catholic educational institution in Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, established in 1854.

The college enrolls over 4,000 students served by a staff of over 200. The college motto is "Exspecta Dominum Viriliter Age", meaning "Expect the Lord and act manfully" in Latin.
Cantor (Christianity)
In Christianity, the cantor, female chantress, sometimes called the precentor or the protopsaltes (Greek: πρωτοψάλτης, lit. 'first singer'; from Greek: ψάλτης, romanized: psaltes, lit. 'singer'), is the chief singer, and usually instructor, employed at a church, with responsibilities for the choir and the preparation of the Mass or worship service. The term is also used for a similar task in Reform Judaism and in Ancient Egypt.

Generally, a cantor must be competent to choose and conduct the vocals for the choir, to start any chant on demand, and to be able to identify and correct the missteps of singers placed under them. A cantor may be responsible for the immediate rendering of the music, showing the course of the melody by movements of the hand(s) (cheironomia), similar to a conductor.

Chant
A chant (from French chanter, from Latin cantare, "to sing") is the iterative speaking or singing of words or sounds, often primarily on one or two main pitches called reciting tones.  Chants may range from a simple melody involving a limited set of notes to highly complex musical structures, often including a great deal of repetition of musical subphrases, such as Great Responsories and Offertories of Gregorian chant.  Chant may be considered speech, music, or a heightened or stylized form of speech. In the Late Middle Ages, some religious chant evolved into song (forming one of the roots of later Western music).
Dani Calabresa
Daniella Maria Giusti Barra (born 12 November 1981), known professionally as Dani Calabresa, is a Brazilian comedian, actress, screenwriter, and television presenter. She is best known for being a cast member of the APCA award winner show Comédia MTV  as well as the host, alongside the actor Bento Ribeiro, of Furo MTV.

She was married to the comedian Marcelo Adnet. They divorced in 2017.

On March 18, 2013, Calabresa made her official debut on the weekly show Custe o Que Custar (a Brazilian version of the Argentine comedic news program Caiga Quien Caiga) aired on Band and TBS.

Custe o Que Custar
Custe o Que Custar (English: Whatever It Takes, represented by the acronym CQC) was a program that brought together journalism and humor on Brazilian television, produced by Eyeworks and broadcast weekly by Rede Bandeirantes from 2008 to 2015.

In total, it had eight seasons and 339 episodes. The format is based on the original Argentinean Caiga quien caiga, created by Mario Pergolini and Diego Guebel, in 1995. The attraction was awarded in several categories with the main awards on Brazilian television, such as the APCA, Press Trophy and the Brasil Quality Art Award.
Discrete spectrum (mathematics)
In mathematics, specifically in spectral theory, a discrete spectrum of a closed linear operator is defined as the set of isolated points of its spectrum such that the rank of the corresponding Riesz projector is finite.

The discrete spectrum can also be defined as the set of normal eigenvalues.

Closed linear operator
In functional analysis, a branch of mathematics, a closed linear operator or often a closed operator is a partially defined linear operator whose graph is closed (see closed graph property). It is a basic example of an unbounded operator.

The closed graph theorem says a linear operator  between Banach spaces is a closed operator if and only if it is a bounded operator and the domain of the operator is . In practice, many operators are unbounded, but it is still desirable to make them have closed graph. Hence, they cannot be defined on all of . To stay useful, they are instead defined on a proper but dense subspace, which still allows approximating any vector and keeps key tools (closures, adjoints, spectral theory) available.
2018 Havant Borough Council election
The 2018 Havant Borough Council election took place on 3 May 2018 to elect members of Havant Borough Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Conservative: 33

UKIP: 2

Labour: 2

Liberal Democrats: 1

Borough of Havant
The Borough of Havant is a local government district with borough status in Hampshire, England. Its council is based in Havant. Other towns and villages within the borough include Bedhampton, Cowplain, Emsworth, Hayling Island, Purbrook, Waterlooville and Widley. The borough covers much of the semi-urban area in the south east of Hampshire, between the city of Portsmouth and the West Sussex border.
Arcana (convention)
Arcana is a long-running horror convention that bills itself as "a convention of the dark fantastic." Arcana is held annually in late September or early October in St. Paul, Minnesota and typically features a famous author or artist from the dark fantasy genre as its guest of honor. Arcana programming includes a variety of panels, talks, and films, plus an interview and reading with the guest of honor. Other programming includes a book and art auction and an "open" reading. The presentation of the Minnesota Fantasy Award is a key feature of each year's convention.

Bandana Square
Bandana Square, formerly the Como Shop of the Northern Pacific Railway, is currently an office center in Saint Paul, Minnesota. However, it was initially designed to be a shopping mall in the Energy Park neighborhood. The site is on the National Register of Historic Places.
Zachary Pangelinan
Zachary James "Zach" Pangelinan (born June 16, 1988) is an American rugby international player for the United States. He also plays for the Houston SaberCats in Major League Rugby (MLR). He previously played soccer.

Pangelinan made his debut for the U.S. national rugby team on November 17, 2012, in the International Rugby Series, starting at fullback in place of the unavailable Chris Wyles.

Pangelinan was the leading scorer for the United States in that match with eight points. He played club rugby with OMBAC.

Pangelinan was born in Hagåtña, Guam, and formerly played soccer as a midfielder for Guam.

Houston SaberCats
The Houston SaberCats were an American professional rugby union team based in Houston, Texas, that competes in Major League Rugby (MLR). The team was founded in 2017. The SaberCats organization was born from one of the founding amateur rugby clubs that pooled resources to emerge professionally, and were the first in MLR membership to build a rugby-specific stadium intended for MLR competition. The team announced on 11 September 2025 that it would not be fielding a team for the 2026 Major League Rugby season.
James Broh
James Broh (9 November 1867, Perleberg – 1942, Paris) was a German lawyer, publisher and left-wing political activist.

Broh came from a Jewish family and studied law in Berlin. After graduating, he received a doctorate in law and trained for the Prussian judicial service. He joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany during this period. He was encouraged in his legal career by August Bebel and Wilhelm Liebknecht, who hoped that Broh would provide legal defence to Socialist activists. Broh worked as a lawyer in Berlin. He also wrote for various magazines and was a founding member of the Socialist Youth Organisation "The working youth". During this period he belonged to the revisionist wing of the party.

In 1921 he was a co-founder of the Allgemeine Arbeiter-Union – Einheitsorganisation (AAU-E) alongside Otto Rühle, Franz Pfemfert and Oskar Kanehl.
Broh was a contributor to Die Aktion:

Allgemeine Arbeiter-Union – Einheitsorganisation
The Allgemeine Arbeiter-Union – Einheitsorganisation (AAUE or AAU-E; English: General Workers' Union – Unified Organization) was an anti-parliamentarian council communist organisation established in Germany in October 1921. It was a split from the General Workers' Union of Germany (AAUD).
Paulaner Brewery
Paulaner is a German brewery, established in 1634 in Munich by the Paulaner Order of mendicant friars. Now owned by the Schörghuber family, it is one of the six breweries which provides beer for Oktoberfest.
Paulaner ranks number six among Germany's best-selling beers.

Beer in Germany
Beer (German: Bier, pronounced [biːɐ̯] ⓘ) is a major part of German culture. According to the Reinheitsgebot (German beer purity law), only water, hops, yeast and malt are permitted as ingredients in its production. Beers not exclusively using barley-malt, such as wheat beer, must be top-fermented.

In 2023, Germany ranked fourth in beer exports and in 2020, Germany ranked third in Europe in terms of per-capita beer consumption, trailing behind the Czech Republic and Austria.
Axigen
Axigen is a Linux, Windows, and Docker mail server with groupware and collaboration functionalities. It supports SMTP, IMAP, POP3, and webmail services, and includes features such as an integrated mailing list server, Antivirus and Antispam integration options, and various mobile capabilities including mobile-friendly webmail and Exchange ActiveSync support. Axigen can be hosted in data centers, on bare-metal or Private or Public Clouds of choice.

A free mail server version is available, along with the business mail server and the MSP mail server for Managed Service Providers, including features like a personal organizer and advanced security policies. The carrier-class ISP mail server solution completes the Axigen product range, with clustering support and delegated administration.

The latest version, Axigen 10.5.0, introduces new security tools and the possibility to recall or schedule emails.

Post Office Protocol
In computing, the Post Office Protocol (POP) is an application-layer Internet standard protocol used by e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a mail server. Today, POP version 3 (POP3) is the most commonly used version. Together with IMAP, it is one of the most common protocols for email retrieval.
Shigatse Mosque
The Shigatse Mosque (simplified Chinese: 日喀则清真寺; traditional Chinese: 日喀則清真寺; pinyin: Rìkāzé Qīngzhēnsì) is a mosque located in Samzhubzê, Xigazê, Shigatse City, in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China.

Samzhubzê, Xigazê
Samzhubzê District (also spelled Sangzhuzi District, Samdruptse District) is a district in the Tibet Autonomous Region of the China, and the administrative center of the prefecture-level city of Shigatse (Tibetan Pinyin: Xigazê). Prior to 2014 it was known as the county-level city of Shigatse. It was the ancient capital of Ü-Tsang province and is the second largest city in Tibet with an estimated population of 117,000 in 2013. Samzhubzê is located at the confluence of the Yarlung Tsangpo River and the Nyang River (Nyang Chu or Nyanchue), about 250 km (160 mi) southwest of Lhasa and 90 km (56 mi) northwest of Gyantse, at an altitude of 3,840 metres (12,600 ft).
Robert O. Bare
Robert Osborne Bare (June 18, 1901 – September 30, 1980) was a decorated officer of the United States Marine Corps, who reached the rank of lieutenant general. He is most noted for his work as chief of staff of 1st Marine Division during World War II and later as Assistant Division Commander of the same unit during Korean War. Bare later retired as commanding general of the 1st Marine Division.

Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton
Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton is the major West Coast base of the United States Marine Corps and is one of the largest Marine Corps bases in the United States. It is on the Southern California coast in San Diego County and is bordered by Oceanside to the south, San Clemente in Orange County to the north, La Cresta and Murrieta in Riverside County to the northeast, and Fallbrook to the east.

The base was established in 1942 to train U.S. Marines for service in World War II. By October 1944, Camp Pendleton was declared a "permanent installation," and by 1946 it became the home of the 1st Marine Division. It was named after Major General Joseph Henry Pendleton (1860–1942), who had long advocated setting up a training base for the Marine Corps on the West Coast. Today it is home to many Operating Force units, including the I Marine Expeditionary Force and various training commands.
Martyn LeNoble
Martyn LeNoble (Dutch: Martijn LeNoble; born 14 April 1969) is a Dutch bassist and a founding member of the alternative rock band Porno for Pyros.

He started his musical career by playing bass in a Dutch punk rock band when he was 14. In 1989, he moved to Los Angeles and played with Thelonious Monster and the Too Free Stooges. In 1992, he joined Peter DiStefano, Stephen Perkins and Perry Farrell to form Porno for Pyros.

LeNoble has worked, recorded, toured, or performed with artists including Jane's Addiction, the Cult, Dave Gahan, Scott Weiland, Mark Lanegan, Soulsavers, Daniel Lanois, Maria McKee, Sarah McLachlan, Layne Staley, Tom Morello, and Josh Klinghoffer.

Maria McKee
Maria Luisa McKee (born August 17, 1964) is an American singer-songwriter. She is best known for her work with Lone Justice, her 1990 song "Show Me Heaven", and her song "If Love Is a Red Dress (Hang Me in Rags)" from soundtrack of the film Pulp Fiction.
Katak-e Sofla
Katak-e Sofla (Persian: كتك سفلي, also Romanized as Katak-e Soflá; also known as Katak-e Pā’īn) is a village in Gandoman Rural District, Gandoman District, Borujen County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 37, in 9 families. The village is populated by Lurs.

Lurs
The Lurs, Lors or Luris (Persian: لر) are an Iranian people living in western and southern Iran. The four Luri branches are the Bakhtiari, Mamasani, Kohgiluyeh and Lur proper, who are principally linked by the Luri language.

Lorestan province is named after the Lurs, but not all Lurs live in Lorestan, nor are all the inhabitants of Lorestan ethnic Lurs. Many Lurs live in other provinces of Iran including Fars, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Khuzestan, Hamadan, Isfahan, Tehran southern Ilam province, and Genaveh county in Bushehr province.
Earl Evans Jr.
Earl Evans Jr. (June 20, 1906 – October 1976)  was an American Democratic politician and public official in Mississippi. He served in the Mississippi Senate including as President Pro Tempore.

Evans served in the Mississippi Senate, representing the 18th District (Madison County), from 1940 to 1964. He was the Senate's President Pro Tempore from 1956 to 1960. He had been a special agent with the FBI. He lived in Canton, Mississippi and represented Madison County, Mississippi. He was also a businessman and farmer. He married.

A staunch segregationist, he was a leader in the "states rights" movement. He served on the segregationist Legal Educational Advisory Committee (LEAC) and the Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission that worked to thwart civil rights campaigning and preserve segregation.

Mississippi State Senate
The Mississippi State Senate is the upper house of the Mississippi Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Mississippi. The Senate, along with the lower Mississippi House of Representatives, convenes at the Mississippi State Capitol in Jackson. The Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi serves as President of the Senate.

The Senate is composed of 52 senators representing an equal number of constituent districts, with 56,947 people per district (2020 census). In the current legislative session, the Republican Party holds 34 seats while the Democratic Party holds 18 seats, creating a Republican trifecta in the state government.

The Senate can confirm or reject gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet, commissions, and boards and can create and amend bills.
Mantario Trail
The Mantario Trail is a multipurpose trail in southeastern Manitoba. It is 63 kilometers long and meanders through rugged Canadian Shield. The trail is predominantly located within Whiteshell Provincial Park, although a very small portion of it  enters Crown Land in Ontario. It is named after Mantario Lake, where one of several campsites that are along the trail sits. A large portion of the Mantario Trail is in a Wilderness Zone which is an area protected from motorized access and hunting.

Campsite
Campsite, campground, and camping pitch are all related terms regarding a place used for camping (an overnight stay in an outdoor area). The usage differs between British English and American English.

In British English, a campsite is an area, usually divided into a number of camping pitches, where people can camp overnight using tents, campervans or caravans. In the US, the expression used is campground and not campsite. In American English, the term campsite generally means an area where an individual, family, group, or military unit can pitch a tent or park a camper; a campground may contain many campsites.

There are two types of campsites (US) or pitches (UK): one, a designated area with various facilities; or two, an impromptu area (as one might decide to stop while backpacking or hiking, or simply adjacent to a road through the wilderness).
Naebu Expressway
Naebu Expressway (Korean: 내부순환로) is a highway located in Seoul, South Korea. It is part of Seoul City Route C3. With a total length of 22 km (14 mi), this road starts from the north end of Seongsan Bridge to Seongdong Bridge through Hongjimun Tunnel and Jeongneung Tunnel. The inner loop runs concurrently with Gangbyeon Expressway for 18.33 km and Dongbu Expressway for 2.04 km.

Seongsan Bridge
The Seongsan Bridge (Korean: 성산대교) is a bridge over the Han River in Seoul, South Korea. It connects Mapo District and Yeongdeungpo District. The bridge was completed in June 1980. It has a length of 1,410 m (4,630 ft).
Yuri Arabov
Yuri Nikolaevich Arabov (Russian: Юрий Николаевич Арабов; 25 October 1954 – 27 December 2023) was a Russian screenwriter, writer, poet and educator. He was known for his long-lasting collaboration with Alexander Sokurov. He was an Honored Artist of the Russian Federation (1999).

Mournful Unconcern
Mournful Unconcern (Russian: Скорбное бесчувствие, translit. Skorbnoye beschuvstviye) is the third produced film by Alexander Sokurov, completed in 1983, but the fourth released one, as it was banned by Soviet authorities until perestroika in 1987. The film, set during World War I, is inspired by Bernard Shaw's play Heartbreak House. Professional actors (Zamansky, Osipenko, Sokolova and others) were used alongside amateur actors, like in most early Sokurov films, and many of the trademarks of his cinematographic style were already apparent.
Les Moussoux station
Les Moussoux station (French: Gare des Moussoux) is a railway station in the commune of Chamonix-Mont-Blanc, in the French department of Haute-Savoie. It is located on the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge Saint-Gervais–Vallorcine line of SNCF.

Haute-Savoie
Haute-Savoie (French pronunciation: [ot savwa] ⓘ; Arpitan: Savouè d'Amont; Italian: Alta Savoia) is a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of Southeastern France, bordering both Switzerland and Italy. Its prefecture is Annecy. To the north is Lake Geneva; to the south and southeast are Mont Blanc and the Aravis mountain range.

It holds its name from the Savoy historical region, as does the department of Savoie, located south of Haute-Savoie. In 2019, it had a population of 826,094. Its subprefectures are Bonneville, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois and Thonon-les-Bains. The French entrance to the Mont Blanc Tunnel into Italy is in Haute-Savoie. It is noted for winter sports; the first Winter Olympic Games were held at Chamonix in 1924.
Scott Keach
Scott Keach (born 21 April 1965) is an Australian equestrian who competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in the three-day event. In 2016, he was again named to compete at the Olympics, this time in the show jumping.  The 28-year gap between Olympics was a record for Australia.

Originally from Currency Creek  in South Australia, Keach now lives in Ocala, Florida.

Equestrian events at the 2016 Summer Olympics
The equestrian events at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro were held between 6 and 19 August at National Equestrian Center in Deodoro. Medals were awarded in three disciplines for both individual and team competitions.