hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
VALBOND
In molecular mechanics, VALBOND is a method for computing the angle bending energy that is based on valence bond theory. It is based on orbital strength functions, which are maximized when the hybrid orbitals on the atom are orthogonal. The hybridization of the bonding orbitals are obtained from empirical formulas based on Bent's rule, which relates the preference towards p character with electronegativity.

The VALBOND functions are suitable for describing the energy of bond angle distortion not only around the equilibrium angles, but also at very large distortions. This represents an advantage over the simpler harmonic oscillator approximation used by many force fields, and allows the VALBOND method to handle hypervalent molecules and transition metal complexes. The VALBOND energy term has been combined with force fields such as CHARMM and UFF to provide a complete functional form that includes also bond stretching, torsions, and non-bonded interactions.

Coordination complex
A coordination complex is a chemical compound consisting of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents.  Many metal-containing compounds, especially those that include transition metals (elements like titanium that belong to the periodic table's d-block), are coordination complexes.
Wisconsin's 20th Senate district
The 20th Senate district of Wisconsin is one of 33 districts in the Wisconsin Senate.  Located in eastern Wisconsin, the district comprises most of Washington County, northern Ozaukee County, and parts of southern Sheboygan County, eastern Fond du Lac County, and eastern Dodge County.  It includes the cities of Fond du Lac and West Bend, and the villages of Belgium, Cedar Grove, Fredonia, North Fond du Lac, Saukville, and Slinger.

North Fond du Lac, Wisconsin
North Fond du Lac is a village in Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 5,378 at the 2020 census. Despite the name, North Fond du Lac is actually located northwest of Fond du Lac, as Lake Winnebago is directly north of Fond du Lac.
Villa Clara, Entre Ríos
Villa Clara is a village located in the Villaguay Department, in the center of the province of Entre Ríos, Argentina.
According to the Argentine census bureau, INDEC, it had 3120 residents in 2022.

The village was named after Maurice de Hirsch's wife, Clara Bischoffsheim (1833–1899). Hirsch was a German Jewish philanthropist who sponsored large-scale Jewish emigration to Argentina.

There are objects related to the Jewish colonization of the "Colonia Clara" in the Municipal Historical Museum. There is a wide range of objects: Jewish immigration, railway, daily life, documents, etc.

The primary school n.° 84 Río Negro was created in 1911 as Escuela Nacional n.° 37 "Rio Negro". In 1978 it was transferred to the provincial government with its current name.

The French writer and journalist Joseph Kessel is from this town.

National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina
The National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (Spanish: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, mostly known for its acronym INDEC) is an Argentine decentralized public body that operates within the Ministry of Economy, which leads all official statistical activities carried out in the country.

In February 2013, the International Monetary Fund censured Argentina for failing to report accurate inflation data. Political intervention in the INDEC figures ended, and the IMF declared in November 2016 that Argentine statistics were again in accordance with international standards.
Yvonne (cow)
Yvonne was a brown-white cow who in 2011 escaped from her farmer in Mühldorf, Germany, attracting media attention as she hid in the woods for many weeks. Farmers, police, and animal-rights activists were unable to find or capture her.

Mühldorf
Mühldorf am Inn (German pronunciation: [ˈmyːldɔʁf ʔam ʔˈɪn] ⓘ, lit. 'Mühldorf on the Inn'; Central Bavarian: Muihdorf am Inn) is a town in Bavaria, Germany, and the capital of the district Mühldorf on the river Inn. It is located at 48°14′30″N 12°31′30″E﻿ / ﻿48.24167°N 12.52500°E﻿ / 48.24167; 12.52500, and had a population of about 17,808 in 2005.  The 2022 census counted 21,917 residents.
Royal Standard Theatre
The Royal Standard Theatre, often referred to as the Standard Theatre was a small playhouse in Sydney, Australia, situated at 223 Castlereagh Street, near the Bathurst Street corner between Bathurst and Liverpool streets, and next to the fire station. 
It was later known as the Little Theatre and The Playhouse, and was demolished in the early 1920s.

Liverpool Street, Sydney
Liverpool Street  is a street in the Sydney central business district in New South Wales, Australia.

Liverpool Street runs east–west in the southern portion of the central business district and forms the southern boundary of Hyde Park. At Elizabeth Street traffic flows in a westerly direction only towards its western terminus at Darling Harbour. From Elizabeth Street in an easterly direction, traffic flows both east and west where it reaches a major intersection at Whitlam Square before continuing as a minor suburban street through East Sydney and Darlinghurst, terminating at Boundary Street.
Miloš Šibul
Miloš Đ. Šibul (Serbian Cyrillic: Милош Ђ. Шибул; 23. August 1977 – 12. November 2021. ) was a politician in Serbia. He served in the Assembly of Vojvodina from 2012 to 2016 as a member of the League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina (Liga socijaldemokrata Vojvodine, LSV). He was also the president of the League of Farmers of Vojvodina (Lige paora Vojvodine).

Assembly of Vojvodina
The Assembly of Vojvodina (Serbian: Скупштина Војводине, romanized: Skupština Vojvodine), formally the Assembly of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (Serbian: Скупштина Аутономне Покрајине Војводине, romanized: Skupština Autonomne Pokrajine Vojvodine), is the legislative body of Vojvodina, an autonomous province of Serbia.

The assembly is composed of 120 deputies who are proportionally elected to four-year terms by secret ballot. The current assembly was elected in 2023 provincial elections. The assembly elects a president (speaker) who presides over the sessions, currently Juhász Bálint of the Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians.
Skorefjell
Skorefjell (66°27′S 53°57′E﻿ / ﻿66.450°S 53.950°E﻿ / -66.450; 53.950) is a mountain, 1,520 m, standing 17 kilometres (9 nmi) northeast of Stor Hanakken Mountain in the Napier Mountains in Enderby Land. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition of 1936–37 and was named Skorefjell.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Skorefjell". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Napier Mountains
The Napier Mountains are a group of close set peaks, the highest being Mount Elkins, at about 2,300 meters above sea level. This mountain range is located in Enderby Land, in the claimed Australian Antarctic Territory, East Antarctica.
Longitudinal intestinal lengthening and tailoring
The longitudinal intestinal lengthening and tailoring (Bianchi) procedure is a form of autologous intestinal reconstruction. The small bowel is divided longitudinally in the midline, preserving one leaf of mesentery with its blood supply to each half. This results in two vascularized segments of small bowel which can then be rejoined end-to-end to restore continuity of the small bowel. There are also another ways of performing this procedure. it is one of the surgical therapeutic options along with other surgical options such as small bowel segmental reversal, artificial intestinal valve construction, electrical pacing of the small bowel, serial transverse enteroplasty, or transplantation in treatment of short gut syndrome.

The procedure was first described by Bianchi in 1980 in a porcine model and first applied clinically by Boeckman and Traylor in 1981.

Retroperistalsis
Retroperistalsis is the reverse of the involuntary smooth muscle contractions of peristalsis. It usually occurs as a precursor to vomiting. Local irritation of the stomach, such as bacteria or food poisoning, activates the emetic center of the brain which in turn signals an imminent vomiting reflex. Retroperistalsis begins in the small intestine and pyloric sphincter. Food then moves in the opposite direction, often from the duodenum into the stomach.

Retroperistalsis occurs pathologically during vomiting and physiologically at the first part of the duodenum where it protects from high acidity of food, and also at the terminal ileum, where an amount of water and electrolytes are absorbed to assist defecation.
Walter Long (lieutenant)
Walter Hillyar Colquhoun Long (20 October 1858 – 18 February 1892) was a British Army officer who fought in the First Boer War.

He was first commissioned into the 2nd Somerset Militia as a sub-lieutenant in March 1877, but in October of that year he was ranked as lieutenant, backdated to March. In October 1878 he was transferred to the 6th Dragoons with the rank of second lieutenant, and in March 1880 he was transferred again to the 94th Regiment of Foot. As part of the 94th Regiment, at the age of 24 he played a crucial part in the defence of Lydenburg during a three month siege in 1881.

He was the son of the landowner and politician Walter Long. After he was court-martialled and criticised for his conduct of the defence of Lydenburg, in February 1892 he took his life at the Grosvenor Hotel, Buckingham Palace Road, Westminster; he was described as "formerly of Paris".

Lydenburg
Lydenburg, also known as Mashishing, is a town in Thaba Chweu Local Municipality, on the Mpumalanga highveld, South Africa. It is situated on the Sterkspruit/Dorps River tributary of the Lepelle River at the summit of the Long Tom Pass. It has a long, rich history, ranging from AD 500 to the present. The name is derived from the Dutch Lijdenburg, or "Town of Suffering", and is named for the experiences of the white settlers. In Northern Sotho, Mashishing means "long green grass." Lydenburg has become the centre of the South African fly-fishing industry and is an agricultural, tourism and mining hub.
KEA – Copenhagen School of Design and Technology
KEA – Copenhagen School of Design and Technology (Danish: Københavns Erhvervsakademi, usually referred to as KEA), is a school of higher education in Copenhagen, Denmark. The academy is an independent self-owning institution subordinated to the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Higher Education. Degree programmes offered are mainly applied degrees, especially in design, technology and IT. The academy grants undergraduate and Professional degrees and has no graduate school. In addition to full-time studies the academy offers supplemental education, part-time programmes at bachelor's level and short-term courses for people who need to strengthen their qualifications. With  4,717 full-time students and 3,907 part-time students and about 350 employees as of 2015, the academy is one of the largest business academies in Denmark.

Professional degree
A professional degree, formerly known in the US as a first professional degree, is a degree that prepares someone to work in a particular profession, practice, or industry sector often meeting the academic requirements for licensure or accreditation. Professional degrees may be either graduate or undergraduate entry, depending on the profession concerned and the country, and may be classified as bachelor's, master's, or doctoral degrees. For a variety of reasons, professional degrees may bear the name of a different level of qualification from their classification in qualifications, e.g., some UK professional degrees are named bachelor's but are at master's level, while some Australian and Canadian professional degrees have the name "doctor" but are classified as master's or bachelor's degrees.
Londonderry and Coleraine Railway
The Londonderry and Coleraine Railway is a railway line between the city of Derry and the town of Coleraine in County Londonderry, built by the Londonderry and Coleraine Railway Company (L&CR). The company operated the line independently for seven years before being absorbed into the Belfast & Northern Counties Railway. The line is still in use today by NI Railways and forms part of the Belfast to Derry-Londonderry main line.

Belfast–Derry line
The Belfast–Derry line (referred to as the Derry~Londonderry Line by NI Railways) is an intercity railway line, running from Belfast to Derry in Northern Ireland. It is the westernmost railway line in the United Kingdom. Like all other railway lines in Northern Ireland, it is not electrified and all trains are diesel-powered.
Onésime Pelletier
Onésime Pelletier (April 5, 1833 – April 2, 1881) was a physician and political figure in Quebec. He represented Bellechasse in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1867 to 1875 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Lavaltrie, Lower Canada, the son of Ambroise Pelletier and Louise-Sophie Giguère, and was educated at the Collège de l'Assomption and the Université Laval. He qualified to practice as a doctor in 1858 and set up practice in Saint-Charles. In 1859, he married Anselmie Blais. Pelletier was president of the Bellechasse Colonization Society. He was defeated by Pierre Fradet when he ran for reelection in 1875. Pelletier died in Saint-Charles at the age of 47.

Bellechasse (provincial electoral district)
Bellechasse is a provincial electoral riding in the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec, Canada which elects members to the National Assembly of Quebec.  It notably includes a section of the city of Lévis as well as Saint-Henri, Saint-Anselme, Lac-Etchemin, Sainte-Claire, Beaumont, Saint-Charles-de-Bellechasse, Saint-Raphaël and Saint-Gervais.

It was created for the 1867 election, and electoral districts of that name existed even earlier: see Bellechasse (Province of Canada) and Bellechasse (Lower Canada).

In the change from the 2001 to the 2011 electoral map, it gained part of the Desjardins borough of the city of Lévis, namely the portion south of Quebec Autoroute 20.
Needle threader
A needle threader is a device for helping to put thread through the eye of a needle. Many kinds exist, though a common type combines a short length of fine wire bent into a diamond shape, with one corner held by a piece of tinplate or plastic.

The user passes the wire loop through the needle eye, passes the string through the wire loop and, finally, pulls the wire loop, back, through the needle by the handle, which pulls the thread through at the same time. The typical needle threader of this type has the image of a woman, possibly, Arachne or Minerva in profile stamped into the plate handle.

Another type of needle threader is mechanically operated. These may be part of a sewing or embroidery machine, or standalone tools.

The first known use of needle threaders in Europe was in the eighteenth or early nineteenth century.

Arachne
Arachne (/əˈrækniː/ ⓘ; from Ancient Greek: Ἀράχνη, romanized: Arákhnē, lit. 'spider', cognate with Latin araneus) is the protagonist of a tale in classical mythology known primarily from the version told by the Roman poet Ovid (43  BCE–17  CE). In Book Six of his epic poem Metamorphoses, Ovid recounts how the talented mortal Arachne challenged the goddess Minerva to a weaving contest. When Minerva could find no flaws in the tapestry Arachne had woven for the contest, the goddess became enraged and beat the girl with her shuttle. After Arachne hanged herself out of shame, she was transformed into a spider. The myth both provided an etiology of spiders' web-spinning abilities and was a cautionary tale about hubris.
Siam F.C.
Siam Football Club (Thai: สโมสรฟุตบอลสยาม), is a Thailand professional football club based in Nonthaburi. The club was founded in 1979 as Bangkok Glass Sport Association, and is currently playing in the Thai League 3 Bangkok metropolitan region.

Thai script
The Thai script (Thai: อักษรไทย, RTGS: akson thai, pronounced [ʔàksɔ̌ːn tʰāj]) is the abugida used to write Thai, Southern Thai and many other languages spoken in Thailand. The Thai script itself (as used to write Thai) has 44 consonant symbols (Thai: พยัญชนะ, phayanchana), 16 vowel symbols (Thai: สระ, sara) that combine into at least 32 vowel forms, four tone diacritics (Thai: วรรณยุกต์ or วรรณยุต, wannayuk or wannayut), and other diacritics.

Although commonly referred to as the Thai alphabet, the script is not a true alphabet but an abugida, a writing system in which the full characters represent consonants with diacritical marks for vowels; the absence of a vowel diacritic gives an implied 'a' or 'o'. Consonants are written horizontally from left to right, and vowels following a consonant in speech are written above, below, to the left or to the right of it, or a combination of those.
Pa (cuneiform)
The cuneiform pa sign, (as Sumerogram, PA), has many uses in both the 14th century BC Amarna letters and the Epic of Gilgamesh. It is routinely and commonly used to spell the Akkadian language word "pānu", face, presence, and with a preposition (ex. ana pānu), before. In the photo of the obverse of EA 364, it is used to spell Akkadian "eperu", 'dust', (EA 364, lines 7,8: "...and (ù dust (IŠ (Sumerogram)=dust)) and (u)\ dust "-(a-pa-ru). (The two "and"-s are u-(no. 3), then u-(no. 1)-(u (cuneiform))(the bottom half).)

The alphabetic/syllabic uses and Sumerograms of the 'pa' sign from the Epic of Gilgamesh:

hat

pa

PA (Sumerogram)s

SÀG

Its usage numbers from the Epic of Gilgamesh are as follows: hat-(21), pa-(209), PA-(11), SÀG-(1). In the Amarna letters the start of "messenger Xxxxx" is often spelled in cuneiform characters: "LÚ.PA.X.y.z" (etc.), (LÚ the beginning determinative for Man).

Determinative
A determinative, also known as a taxogram or semagram, is an ideogram used to mark semantic categories of words in logographic scripts which helps to disambiguate interpretation. They have no direct counterpart in spoken language, though they may derive historically from glyphs for real words, and functionally they resemble classifiers in East Asian and sign languages. For example, Egyptian hieroglyphic determinatives include symbols for divinities, people, parts of the body, animals, plants, and books/abstract ideas, which helped in reading but were not pronounced.
Yalnızgöz Bridge
Yalnızgöz Bridge (Turkish: Yalnızgöz Köprüsü) is a historic Ottoman bridge in Edirne, Turkey. It crosses the Tunca.

The bridge is a single span constructed during the reign of the Ottoman sultan Selim II (r. 1566-1574). Yalnızgöz means "lone arch". It connects together with Bayezid II Bridge the Complex of Sultan Bayezid II with the city.

Complex of Sultan Bayezid II
The Complex of Sultan Bayezid II (Turkish: Sultan II Bayezid Külliyesi) is a külliye located in Edirne, Turkey. It was built in 1488 by the Ottoman architect Mimar Hayruddin for the Sultan Bayezid II (reigned 1481–1512).

The complex contains a Dar al-Shifa (Turkish darüşşifa, "hospital, medical center"), and it remained in operation for four centuries from 1488 until the Russo-Turkish War (1877–78). The hospital was especially notable for its treatment methods for mental disorders, which included the use of music, water sound and scents.

The historic darüşşifa was incorporated into the structure of Edirne-based Trakya University in 1993, and converted into the Complex of Sultan Bayezid II Health Museum in 1997, a museum dedicated to the history of medicine and health matters in general. The complex was inscribed in the Tentative list of World Heritage Sites in Turkey in 2016.
Michael K. Locke
Michael K. Locke (October 3, 1952 – June 23, 2014) was an American politician.

From Kingsport, Tennessee, Locke was a veteran and went to Walters State Community College. He owned Hot Dog Hut in Kingsport, Tennessee. He served in the Tennessee House of Representatives briefly, in 2002, as a Republican succeeding Keith Westmoreland who died in office. Locke was killed in a hit and run accident in Colonial Heights, Tennessee.

Kingsport, Tennessee
Kingsport is a city in Sullivan and Hawkins counties in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It lies along the Holston River and had a population of 55,442 at the 2020 census. It is the largest city in the Kingsport–Bristol metropolitan area, which had 307,613 residents in 2020. The metro area is a component of the larger Tri-Cities region of Tennessee and Virginia, with a population of 508,260 in 2020.

Kingsport was chartered in 1822. The city's name is a simplification of King's Port, originally referring to the area on the Holston River known as King's Boat Yard, the head of navigation for the Tennessee Valley. Kingsport is commonly included in what is known as the "Mountain Empire" in southwest Virginia and northeastern Tennessee.
Mucenieks
Mucenieks (Old orthography: Mutzeneek; feminine: Muceniece) is a Latvian occupational surname, derived from the Latvian word for "cooper". Individuals with the surname include:

Agata Muceniece (born 1989), Latvian actress, model, and television presenter

Aina Muceniece (1924–2010), Latvian doctor, inventor of the RIGVIR virotherapy

Guntars Mucenieks, Latvian musician from Līvi

Aivars Mucenieks, mayor of Ventspils Municipality, Latvia (as of 2013)

Elvijs Mucenieks, Latvian sidecarcrosser

Jēkabs Mucenieks, Brand designer

Ventspils Municipality
Ventspils Municipality (Latvian: Ventspils novads; Livonian: Vǟnta mōgõn) is a municipality in Courland, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by merging Piltene town, Ance Parish, Jūrkalne Parish, Piltene rural community (from 2010 Piltene Parish), Pope Parish, Puze Parish, Tārgale Parish, Ugāle Parish, Usma Parish, Užava Parish, Vārve Parish, Ziras Parish and Zlēkas Parish. It is administered from Ventspils city, which is not included within its limits. The population in 2023 was 10,512.
Maximiliano Blanco
Maximiliano Hernán Blanco (born 1 August 1977) is an Argentine former football defender.

Blanco began his career in 1996 in the third tier with Club Atlético Tigre. While playing at Victoria, the team gained promotion to the Argentine Nacional B. In 2002 after five seasons with "El Matador", Blanco transferred to Ecuadorian club Deportivo Quito where he played for the whole year before making short spells with Argentine lower division clubs such as Deportivo Español, Temperley, San Martín de Mendoza and Huracán de Tres Arroyos.

In 2007, Blanco signed with Bolivian first division club Blooming. During the 2008 season, Blanco was suspended for 40 games by the Bolivian league for an aggression he committed against a referee after being sent off during a league match. Blanco returned to Argentina and joined Sportivo Italiano, playing there for three years. In 2013, he had a short spell with Barracas Central.

Deportivo Quito
Sociedad Deportivo Quito is an Ecuadorian club football club based in Quito. For most of its existence, it competed in Serie A, the highest level of the Ecuadorian professional football league. It currently competes in the Second Category of Pichincha.

Deportivo Quito has won five Serie A titles in 1964, 1968, 2008, 2009, and 2011. This places them fifth overall. The club also has four Interandean Tournament titles in 1955, 1956, 1957, and 1963. Additionally, the club was runner up in 1985, 1988, and 1997. Based on its style of play, sports journalists and fans nicknamed the club La Academia de los Ecuatorianos desde 1940 (English: The Academy of the Ecuadorians since 1940).

Deportivo Quito was officially founded in 1955, although they trace their roots to Sociedad Deportiva Argentina, which was founded on 9 July 1940. Historic rivals include LDU Quito, Aucas, El Nacional, and Universidad Católica. They play their home games at the 1,500-capacity Estadio Ney Mancheno.