hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Poncha Pass
Poncha Pass (9,010 ft; 2,750 m) is a mountain pass in South-Central Colorado (USA). It lies between the San Luis Valley to the south and the valley of the Arkansas River to the north. It is in the saddle between the Sangre de Cristo Range, lying to the southeast, and the Sawatch Range, lying to the west and northwest. The small town of Poncha Springs lies about 6 miles (9.7 km) north of the pass. The pass has a mild approach on the southern side and a moderate 5% approach from the north. It remains open all year round and does not normally cause problems for vehicles in winter.

Poncha Pass lies on the border between Chaffee County and Saguache County, and on the border between the San Isabel National Forest and the Rio Grande National Forest.

San Isabel National Forest
San Isabel National Forest is located in central Colorado.  The forest contains 19 of the state's 53 fourteeners, peaks over 14,000 feet (4,267 m) high, including Mount Elbert, the highest point in Colorado.

It is one of eleven national forests in the state of Colorado and contains the Sawatch Range, the Collegiate Peaks, and Sangre de Cristo Range. It has a total area of 1,120,233 acres (1,750.364 sq mi; 4,533.42 km2) spread out over parts of eleven counties in central Colorado. In descending order of land area it is located in Chaffee, Custer, Lake, Huerfano, Fremont, Pueblo, Saguache, Las Animas, Park, Costilla, and Summit counties.

San Isabel National Forest is co-managed by the Forest Service together with Pike National Forest, Cimarron National Grassland, and Comanche National Grassland from offices in Pueblo. There are local ranger district offices located in Cañon City, Leadville, and Salida.
Airport East station
Airport East station (simplified Chinese: 机场东站; traditional Chinese: 機場東站; pinyin: Jīchàng Dōng Zhàn; Jyutping: Gei1 Coeng4 Dung1 Zaam6; Cantonese Yale: Gēichèuhng Dūng Jaahm) is an interchange station for Line 1 and Line 12 of Shenzhen Metro in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. Line 1 platforms opened on 15 June 2011 and Line 12 platforms opened on 28 November 2022.

Yale romanization of Cantonese
The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Yale scholar Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook Speak Cantonese initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952 but later published in 1958. Unlike the Yale romanization of Mandarin, it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners of Cantonese. It shares some similarities with Hanyu Pinyin in that unvoiced, unaspirated consonants are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, [p] is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, [pʰ] is represented as p. Students attending the Chinese University of Hong Kong's New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization.

Some enthusiasts employ Yale romanisation to explore writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language.
Orlov family
The House of Orlov (Russian: Орлóв) is a Russian princely family which produced several distinguished statesmen,  scientists, diplomats, and soldiers. The family first gained distinction in the 18th century through the achievements of five Orlov brothers, of whom the second eldest was Catherine the Great's paramour, and two younger brothers were notable military commanders.

Orlov revolt
The Orlov revolt[a] (Greek: Ορλωφικά, Ορλοφικά, Ορλώφεια, lit. 'Orlov events') was a Greek uprising in the Peloponnese and later also in Crete that broke out in February 1770, following the arrival of Russian Admiral Alexey Orlov, commander of the Imperial Russian Navy during the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774), at the Mani Peninsula. The revolt, a major precursor to the Greek War of Independence (which erupted in 1821), was part of Catherine the Great's so-called "Greek Plan" and was eventually suppressed by the Ottomans by June 1770, three months after it had begun.
Loop-level parallelism
Loop-level parallelism is a form of parallelism in software programming that is concerned with extracting parallel tasks from loops. The opportunity for loop-level parallelism often arises in computing programs where data is stored in random access data structures. Where a sequential program will iterate over the data structure and operate on indices one at a time, a program exploiting loop-level parallelism will use multiple threads or processes which operate on some or all of the indices at the same time. Such parallelism provides a speedup to overall execution time of the program, typically in line with Amdahl's law.

Amdahl's law
In computer architecture, Amdahl's law (or Amdahl's argument) is a formula limiting the speedup of a task as resources are added to the system executing that task.

The law can be stated as:

the overall performance improvement gained by optimizing a single part of a system is limited by the fraction of time that the improved part is actually used.

It is named after computer scientist Gene Amdahl, and was presented at the American Federation of Information Processing Societies (AFIPS) Spring Joint Computer Conference in 1967.

Amdahl's law is often used in parallel computing to predict the theoretical speedup when using multiple processors.
Toyin Ibitoye
Toyin Ibitoye is a Nigerian sports analyst and journalist who currently works for Channels TV. An alumnus of the University of Ibadan and the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, On 18 March 2015, Ibitoye was appointed as Media Officer of the Nigeria national football team by the Nigeria Football Federation.

Channels TV
Channels Television is a Nigerian independent 24-hour news and media television channel based in Lagos, Nigeria. The parent company, Channels Incorporated, was founded in 1992, a year before the Nigerian government deregulated the broadcast media. It began broadcasting in 1995. Its primary focus is producing news and current affairs programs on Nigerian domestic issues. The channel's mission is to act as a watchdog on governmental policies and activities.
Mancopter
Mancopter is a video game developed by Nichibutsu USA and published by Datasoft for the Commodore 64 in 1984. It was programmed by Scott Spanburg, and the music was composed by John A. Fitzpatrick. The player controls a person piloting a helicopter-like flying device over an ocean competing with computer-controlled pilots.

Nichibutsu
Nihon Bussan Co. Ltd., doing business as Nichibutsu, was a Japanese video game developer and publisher headquartered in Kita, Osaka. In the past they had also manufactured and sold yachts.

The company used a horned owl for its official logo. Outside of the Nichibutsu brand, the company also produces adult video games (mainly strip mahjong arcade games) under the Sphinx (スフィンクス) brand.

In March 2014, Nichibutsu sold its video game library to Hamster Corporation due to the decision of original founder Sueharu Torii to retire. The company was disbanded on December 15, 2015.
Entertainment Software Ass'n v Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada
Entertainment Software Ass'n v Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada [2012] 2 SCR 231, 2012 SCC 32 is a landmark Supreme Court of Canada judgement that clarified the nature of and relationship between, the bundle of rights created for copyright owners under section 3(1) of the Copyright Act of Canada. In particular, the Supreme Court considered the relationship between the reproduction and communication rights under the Copyright Act, and applied the principle of technological neutrality to hold that downloading a work engaged only the reproduction right, and not the communication right.

This judgement is one of a series of five important and interrelated copyright law decisions that the Supreme Court released in 2012.

Copyright Act (Canada)
The Copyright Act (French: Loi sur le droit d’auteur) is the federal statute governing copyright law in Canada. It is jointly administered by the Department of Industry Canada and the Department of Canadian Heritage. The Copyright Act was first passed in 1921 and substantially amended in 1988 and 1997. Several attempts were made between 2005 and 2011 to amend the Act, but each of the bills (Bill C-60 in 2005, Bill C-61 in 2008, and Bill C-32 in 2010) failed to pass due to political opposition. In 2011, with a majority in the House of Commons, the Conservative Party introduced Bill C-11, titled the Copyright Modernization Act. Bill C-11 was passed and received Royal Assent on June 29, 2012.
Della Casa
Della Casa is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Giovanni della Casa (1503–1556), Italian poet

Lisa Della Casa (1919–2012), Swiss soprano

Roberto Della Casa (born 1942), Italian actor

Della Casa Appa (1889–1963), one of the first significant Zuni women jewelers

Lisa Della Casa
Lisa Della Casa (2 February 1919 – 10 December 2012) was a Swiss soprano most admired for her interpretations of major heroines in operas by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Richard Strauss, and of German lieder. She was also described as “the most beautiful woman on the operatic stage”.
Speeder bike
Speeder bikes (also known as "jumpspeeders" or "hover bikes") and swoop bikes (or just "swoops") are small, fast transports that use repulsorlift engines in the fictional Star Wars universe. Return of the Jedi includes a prominent speeder bike chase; speeders and swoops also appear in Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace, Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones, Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith, Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope (added in the 1997 Special Edition, but absent on every earlier print), the animated TV series Star Wars: The Clone Wars and Star Wars Rebels, and the Star Wars expanded universe's books, comics, and games.

Wookieepedia
Wookieepedia: The Star Wars Wiki is an online encyclopedia about the Star Wars universe, including information on all films, books, television series, the Star Wars Expanded Universe, any upcoming Star Wars material, and more. It is a wiki, with some articles reaching up to 60,000 words, and is written almost entirely from an in-universe perspective. The name is a portmanteau of Wookiee and encyclopedia, a pun on the name of Wikipedia, and its logo portrays the incomplete second Death Star, as a visual pun on Wikipedia's incomplete "jigsaw logo".
2023 Moselle Open – Singles
Ugo Humbert defeated Alexander Shevchenko in the final, 6–3, 6–3 to win the singles tennis title at the 2023 Moselle Open. It was his fourth career ATP Tour singles title.

Lorenzo Sonego was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Fabio Fognini.

Abdullah Shelbayh
Abedallah Shelbayh (Arabic: عبد الله شلبايه, romanized: eabd allah shalabih; also known as Abdullah Shelbayh (Arabic: عبدالله شلبايه, romanized: eabdallah shalabih); born 16 November 2003) is a Jordanian tennis player.

Shelbayh has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 181 achieved on 29 January 2024, and is the first Jordanian tennis player to achieve an ATP world ranking. He has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 290, achieved on 8 January 2024. He had a career-high ITF juniors ranking of 27 achieved on 12 July 2021. Shelbayh has won three ITF singles titles and one doubles title on the ITF Men's Circuit and one on the ATP Challenger Tour.

Shelbayh represents Jordan at the Davis Cup, where he has a win-loss record of 10–1.
Świętego Jana Street, Kraków
Świętego Jana Street (Polish: ulica Świętego Jana, lit. St. John's Street) - a historic street in Kraków, Poland.

The street begins in the south by the Main Square northwards to where it is closed off by the Church of the Transfiguration by Pijarska Street. The name of the street derives from the Church St. John the Baptist and St. John the Evangelist, first being recorded in the fourteenth century as platea S. Joannie Baptistae.

The street features several magnate palaces of the Czartoryski, Lubomirski, Popiel and Wodzicki szlachta families. The street is known for holding several funeral processions, inter alia of Józef Ignacy Kraszewski and Mikołaj Zyblikiewicz in 1887, and Stanisław Wyspiański in 1907.

Mikołaj Zyblikiewicz
Mikołaj Zyblikiewicz (Polish: [miˈkɔwaj zɨbliˈkʲɛvit͡ʂ]; Ukrainian: Миколай Зиблікевич; 28 November 1823 – 16 May 1887) was a Polish politician and lawyer of Ruthenian origin. He was the two-term Mayor of Kraków – in the then Austrian sector of Partitioned Poland. A street in Kraków's Old Town is named in his memory, while his monument stands in front of the City Hall.

Some of his achievements included the restoration of Sukiennice, the creation of a "national Panthéon" at Skałka, and his campaign towards the renovation of Wawel Castle.
Charles K.L. Davis
Charles Keonaonalaulani Llewellyn Davis (September 17, 1925 – October 31, 1991) was a Native Hawaiian opera singer and musician. He was a child prodigy, raised on a sugar cane plantation, and a direct descendant of John Papa ʻĪʻī, personal attendant to Lunalilo. Trained as an opera singer, he vocalized in both tenor and baritone ranges. He and actor James Shigeta briefly toured as a nightclub act. Versatile with a variety of vocal forms, and a multi-linguist, he sang the music of Cole Porter at the Hollywood Bowl, and presented a concert in honor of Kamehameha Day at Carnegie Hall. Davis performed with the Opera Company of Boston during a White House engagement, and was a nightclub performer in Hawaii. He received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Hawai'i Academy of Recording Arts, and was inducted into the Hawaiian Music Hall of Fame.

Lunalilo
Lunalilo (William Charles Lunalilo; January 31, 1835 – February 3, 1874) was the sixth monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii from his election on January 8, 1873, until his death a year later.

Born to Kekāuluohi and High Chief Charles Kanaʻina, he was of royal descent and a grandnephew of King Kamehameha I. He was educated at the Royal School by American missionaries and was proclaimed eligible for the throne by King Kamehameha III. After the death of King Kamehameha V, he was elected to the throne in 1873 by a unanimous decision of the legislature of the kingdom. Due to his popularity and status as Hawaii's first elected monarch, he became known as "The People's King". He died a year later from tuberculosis.
Spanish Renaissance
The Spanish Renaissance was a movement in Spain, emerging from the Italian Renaissance in Italy during the 14th century, that spread to Spain during the 15th and 16th centuries.

This new focus in art, literature, 
quotes and science inspired by the Greco-Roman tradition of Classical antiquity, received a major impulse from several events in 1492:

Unification of the longed-for Christian kingdom with the definitive taking of Granada, the last Islamic controlled territory in the Iberian Peninsula, and the successive expulsions of thousands of Muslim and Jewish believers,

The official discovery of the western hemisphere, the Americas,

The publication of the first grammar of a vernacular European language in print, the Gramática (Grammar) by Antonio de Nebrija.

Diego Siloe
Diego Siloe (anglicized) or Diego de Siloé (c. 1495–1563) was a Spanish Renaissance architect and sculptor, progenitor of the Granadan school of sculpture. He developed the majority of his work in Andalusia.
Manding region
Manding, Manden or even Mandé is a region located in West Africa, a space between southern Mali and eastern Guinea. It is the historic home of the Mandinka community.

The Malinke are at the origin of the foundation of the largest empires in West Africa. Among the many groups linked to or originating from Manding, there are the Bambara, the Dyula, the Khassonke, the Konianké, the Mahou, Koyaka, the Dafing, the Bobo-Dioula and the Kuranko.

Khassonké people
The Khassonké  (pronounced "kassonkay") are an ethnic group of Mali's Kayes Region. Descendants of the Fula and Malinké Khasso kingdoms, they speak the Khassonke/Xaasongaxango language, a Manding language similar to Bambara.

Their traditional musical instruments are the dundunba (a big cylindrical drum with two skins), the jingò (a small cylindrical drum with two skins), the tantanwò (a small drum), the tamandinwo (an aisselle drum), as well as lutes and harps and hunters' whistles.
Indiana State University
Indiana State University (ISU) is a public university in Terre Haute, Indiana, United States. It was founded in 1865 and offers over 100 undergraduate majors and more than 75 graduate and professional programs. Indiana State is classified among "D/PU: Doctoral/Professional Universities".

Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education
The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, or simply the Carnegie Classification, is a framework for classifying colleges and universities in the United States. It was created in 1970 by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. It is managed by the American Council on Education.

The framework primarily serves educational and research purposes, where it is often important to identify groups of roughly comparable institutions. The classification generally focuses on types of degrees awarded and related level of activity such as research. The classification includes all accredited, degree-granting colleges and universities in the United States that are represented in the National Center for Education Statistics' Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS).
MGE
MGE is a three letter acronym, which may mean:

Madison Gas and Electric

Mahatma Gandhi Expressway

Medial Ganglionic Eminence, a transitory structure in the development of the nervous system

GM Medium Gasoline Engine

MGE UPS Systems, maker of three-phase uninterruptible power supplies, a subsidiary of Schneider Electric since 2003

MGE Office Protection Systems, maker of single-phase UPSes, bought from Schneider by Eaton Corporation in 2007

Missouri Gas Energy, a natural gas distribution company

Mobile genetic elements

Modular GIS Environment

Machine Gun Etiquette, an album by The Damned

Myanma Gems Enterprise

mg℮, a label of estimated mass (in milligrams)

APC by Schneider Electric
APC by Schneider Electric (formerly American Power Conversion Corporation) is a manufacturer of uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), electronics peripherals, and data center products.

In 2007, Schneider Electric acquired APC and combined it with MGE UPS Systems to form Schneider Electric's Critical Power & Cooling Services Business Unit, which recorded 2007 revenue of US$3.5 billion (EUR 2.4 billion) and employed 12,000 people worldwide. Until February 2007, when it was acquired, it had been a member of the S&P 500 list of the largest publicly traded companies in the United States.

Schneider Electric, with 113,900 employees and operations in 102 countries, had 2008 annual sales of $26 billion (EUR 18.3 billion).

In 2011, APC by Schneider Electric became a product brand only, while the company was rebranded as the IT Business Unit of Schneider Electric.
Eschweiler Hauptbahnhof
Eschweiler Hauptbahnhof is the largest station in the city of Eschweiler in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is on a slight curve on the Cologne–Aachen high-speed line. Regional services of the Regional-Express lines RE 1 (NRW-Express) and RE 9 (Rhein-Sieg-Express) stop at the station every half hour in both directions.

The station is located about 700 metres (2,300 ft) from the city centre in the district of Röthgen. The station is less than 100 metres (330 ft) from the Ichenberg Tunnel. About 700 metres (2,300 ft) away is Eschweiler-West station on the remaining section of the Mönchengladbach–Stolberg railway, which is now served by euregiobahn trains.

On 24 March 1987, the former station toilets block, together with the former petroleum facility, was added to the heritage list of the town of Eschweiler.

Regional-Express
In Germany, Luxembourg, Austria and Slovakia,  the  Regional-Express (pronounced [ʁeɡi̯oˈnaːlʔɛksˌpʁɛs] ⓘ; RE, or in Austria and Slovakia: REX) is a type of regional train. It is similar to a semi-fast train, with a top speed of 160 km/h (100 mph) and an average speed of about 70–90 km/h (45–55 mph) as it calls at fewer stations than Regionalbahn (in Austria: Regionalzug) or S-Bahn trains, but stops more often than Intercity or Intercity Express services.
Hanan (surname)
Hanan is a surname of Semitic origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Elizabeth Hanan (1937–2024), New Zealand local politician

Harry Hanan (1916–1982), British cartoonist

Josiah Hanan (1868–1954), New Zealand politician

Maurice Hanan, the namesake of the Hanan grid, a geometrical construction

Peter Hanan (1915–2008), New Zealand swimmer

Ralph Hanan (1909–1969), New Zealand politician, nephew of Josiah

Stephen Mo Hanan, American actor and performance artist

Harry Hanan
Harry Hanan (14 December 1916 - 19 January 1982) was a British cartoonist, best known as the creator of the pantomime comic strip Louie which he began in 1947. Louie was a small chap, a loser who was constantly annoyed by life's little vicissitudes and minor moments. Hanan described his mild-mannered character as "the anti-Superman".
Fişek
Fişek is a Turkish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hayrullah Fişek (1885–1975), Turkish career officer

Hicri Fişek (1918–2002), Turkish politician

Nusret Fişek (1914–1990), Turkish government minister

Şadan Fişek (1922–2002), Turkish politician

Turkish name
A Turkish name consists of an ad or an isim (given name; plural adlar and isimler) and a soyadı or soyisim (surname). Turkish names exist in a "full name" format. While there is only one soyadı (surname) in the full name there may be more than one ad (given name). Married women may carry both their maiden and husband's surnames. The soyadı is written as the last element of the full name, after all given names (except that official documents related to registration matters often use the format "Soyadı, Adı").
Darwin K. Kyle
Darwin Keith Kyle (June 1, 1918 – February 16, 1951) was an officer in the United States Army who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor in the Korean War. A veteran soldier, Kyle earned both a Silver Star and Bronze Star Medal for his heroic actions in France and Germany during World War II. A master sergeant at the outbreak of the Korean War, "Gus" Kyle was awarded the Soldier's Medal for his heroic actions on December 24, 1950, during the final stages of the Hungnam evacuation. He received a battlefield commission as a second lieutenant on January 27, 1951. He was killed in action on February 16, 1951, and on January 16, 1952, at the Pentagon, his widow accepted the posthumous award of the Medal of Honor for his conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty.

Kyle joined the army from Racine, West Virginia, in November 1939.

Racine, West Virginia
Racine is a census-designated place (CDP) in Boone County, West Virginia, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 267 (up from 256 at the 2010 census).

The community was named after Racine, Ohio, the native home of first settlers.

Racine is home to the Racine Volunteer Fire Department, which covers 174 square miles (450 km2) in its first response area. The John Slack Park is also located in Racine next to the fire department.