hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zacheus Burnham
Zacheus Burnham (February 20, 1777 – February 25, 1857) was a farmer, judge and political figure in Upper Canada.

He was born in 1777 in Dunbarton, New Hampshire. He arrived in Upper Canada in 1797 and settled in Hamilton Township near the current site of Cobourg. He was able to acquire large land holdings, thousands of acres, in the region, some as compensation for survey work. He also helped in the economic development of the Newcastle District, building sawmills and grist mills on his property. He was also involved in the development of transportation links in the region and operated a large and productive farm. He served as a captain in the local militia during the War of 1812 and, in 1813, became a justice of the peace. He was elected to the 7th Parliament of Upper Canada representing Northumberland and Durham. In 1831, he was appointed to the Legislative Council for the province and, in 1839, he was appointed a judge in the Newcastle District court.

He died in Cobourg in 1857.

Hamilton Township, Ontario
Hamilton Township is a rural township located in Northumberland County in central Ontario. It surrounds the Town of Cobourg.

The township was named after Henry Hamilton, Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec from 1782 to 1785.
Tomoji Abe
Tomoji Abe (阿部 知二, Abe Tomoji; 26 June 1903 – 23 April 1973) was a Japanese novelist, social critic, humanist, and translator of English and American literature. Although he began writing as a modernist, in his later works he represented the intellectual movement in Japanese literature. This movement departed from Japanese traditional thinking and from established forms of narration, which focused on esthetic values and emotional states of mind (such as appear in the works of Junichiro Tanizaki and Ryunosuke Akutagawa); it also departed from modernist views, which continued to be popular in world literature and in Japan (Japanese modernist writers included Haruo Satō, Sei Ito, Tatsuo Hori, Riichi Yokomitsu and Yasunari Kawabata). Abe's intellectual approach was incompatible with the socio-political atmosphere of Japan in the early Shōwa period (1925–1945), with rising fascism and militarism, and the crusade to preserve Japanese feudal traditions.

Militarism
Militarism is the belief or the desire of a government or a people that a state should maintain a strong military capability and to use it aggressively to expand national interests and/or values. It may also imply the glorification of the military and of the ideals of a professional military class and the "predominance of the armed forces in the administration or policy of the state" (see also: stratocracy and military junta).
Vomperbach
The Vomperbach is a river of Tyrol, Austria, a tributary of the Inn.

The Vomperbach rises in the Karwendel mountain range, close to the source of the Isar and flows first from west to east. In the Vomper Loch, a tributary valley of the Inn that is partly a ravine, the Vomperbach changes its course southward and finally passes as boundary between the villages of Vomp and Terfens, where it discharges into the Inn. It has a length of 17 kilometres (11 mi).

Ravine
A ravine is a landform that is narrower than a canyon and is often the product of streambank erosion. Ravines are typically classified as larger in scale than gullies, although smaller than valleys. Ravines may also be called a cleuch, dell, ghout (Nevis), gill or ghyll, glen, gorge, kloof (South Africa), and chine (Isle of Wight).

A ravine is generally a fluvial slope landform of relatively steep (cross-sectional) sides, on the order of twenty to seventy percent in gradient. Ravines may or may not have active streams flowing along the downslope channel which originally formed them; moreover, often they are characterized by intermittent streams, since their geographic scale may not be sufficiently large to support a perennial stream.
Machhlishahr
Machhlishahr is a town in Jaunpur district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is situated 30 km west of district headquarters Jaunpur. NH-231 passes through the city. Machhlishahr – Janghai NH-731B – Bhadohi four-lane national highway is under construction which will boost the economy of the region. Machhlishahr is a Nagar panchayat and there has been a longstanding demand for making it a Nagar palika parishad. In 2020, Machhalisahar nagar panchayat has secured 33rd all India rank in Swachh Survekshan (cleanliness survey).

Sheo Sharan Verma
Sheo Sharan Verma (9 January 1925 – 27 January 2010) was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha the lower house of Indian Parliament from Machhlishahr in Uttar Pradesh in 1980,1989 and 1991 as a member of the Janata Dal.

Verma died in Allahabad on 27 January 2010, at the age of 85.
Ectromelia virus
Ectromelia virus (ECTV) is a virus of the family Poxviridae and the genus Orthopoxvirus that causes mousepox, a disease of mice.  It has only been seen in mouse colonies kept for research purposes but believed that wild populations of mice and other rodents in Europe are naturally infected with ECTV. Mousepox causes skin lesions, a purulent rash on the body of mice, and generalized disease, which can be fatal.  It is the only poxvirus to cause disease naturally in mice.

Rash
A rash is a change of the skin that affects its color, appearance, or texture.

A rash may be localized in one part of the body, or affect all the skin. Rashes may cause the skin to change color, itch, become warm, bumpy, chapped, dry, cracked or blistered, swell, and may be painful.
The causes, and therefore treatments for rashes, vary widely. Diagnosis must take into account such things as the appearance of the rash, other symptoms, what the patient may have been exposed to, occupation, and occurrence in family members. The diagnosis may confirm any number of conditions.
The presence of a rash may aid diagnosis; associated signs and symptoms are diagnostic of certain diseases. For example, the rash in measles is an erythematous, morbilliform, maculopapular rash that begins a few days after the fever starts. It classically starts at the head, and spreads downwards.
The Virgin in the Garden
The Virgin in the Garden is a 1978 realist novel by English novelist A. S. Byatt. Set during the same year as the coronation of Elizabeth II, the novel revolves around a play about Elizabeth I of England. The novel features a strong use of symbolism, which The New York Times called "overloaded", that points towards Elizabeth I. The novel is the first of a quartet featuring Frederica Potter, followed by Still Life (1985), Babel Tower (1996), and A Whistling Woman (2002).

The book features numerous flower metaphors and Byatt described the character of Marcus as "a self-portrait: somebody baffled by things being far too much and not fittable into any of the languages you were offered".

Artistic symbol
In works of art, literature, and narrative, a symbol is a concrete element like an object, character, image, situation, or action that suggests or hints at abstract, deeper, or non-literal meanings or ideas. The use of symbols artistically is symbolism. In literature, such as novels, plays, and poems, symbolism goes beyond just the literal written words on a page, since writing itself is also inherently a system of symbols.

Artistic symbols may be intentionally built into a work by its creator, which in the case of narratives can make symbolism a deliberate narrative device. However, it also may be decided upon by the audience or by a consensus of scholars through their interpretation of the work. Various synonyms exist for this type of symbol, based on specific genre, artistic medium, or domain: visual symbol, literary symbol, poetic symbol, etc.
Hinge (surname)
Hinge is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

John Hinge (born 1986), Australian rules footballer

Mitch Hinge (born 1998), Australian rules footballer

Mike Hinge (1931–2003), New Zealand-born artist and illustrator

Neha Hinge, Indian model

Onkar Hinge, Doctor

Mitch Hinge
Mitchell Hinge (born 26 June 1998) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Adelaide Crows in the Australian Football League (AFL). He previously played for the Brisbane Lions and was drafted by Brisbane from Glenelg with the 20th selection in the 2017 rookie draft prior to the 2017 AFL season.

One of six children, he is the brother of former Adelaide player John Hinge. He grew up in Mundulla on the Limestone Coast.
Westglow
Westglow, also known as the Elliott Daingerfield House, is a historic home located near Blowing Rock, Watauga County, North Carolina.  It was built in 1917, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, rectangular, Colonial Revival style frame dwelling with a hipped roof. It has a two-story hip roof extension. The front facade features a monumental tetrastyle portico supported by columns with Ionic order capitals. Also on the property are the contributing artists studio and caretaker's cottage (1920s). It was the summer home and studio of artist Elliot Daingerfield (1859-1932).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Watauga County, North Carolina
Watauga County (/wəˈtɔːɡə/ wuh-TAW-guh) is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The population was 54,086 at the 2020 census. Its county seat and largest community is Boone. The county is in an exceptionally mountainous region, known as the High Country. It is the home of Appalachian State University, which has approximately 21,570 students as of Fall 2024. Watauga County comprises the Boone, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area.
One Wild Night
"One Wild Night" is a song by American rock band Bon Jovi. It was released on April 30, 2001, as a single from their 2001 live album, One Wild Night Live 1985–2001. It was written by Jon Bon Jovi and Richie Sambora, and produced by Sambora, Luke Ebbin and Desmond Child. The song became a chart hit in Europe, reaching the top 10 in seven countries.

Richie Sambora
Richard Stephen Sambora (/sæm.bʊərə/ sam-BORE-a; born July 11, 1959) is an American musician, songwriter and singer. He was a member of the rock band Bon Jovi from 1983 to 2013. Sambora was the band's lead guitarist; he also provided backing vocals and played a major role in the band's songwriting. In 2018, Sambora was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Bon Jovi. He reunited with his former bandmates for a performance at the induction ceremony.

As a solo artist, Sambora has released three albums: Stranger in This Town (1991), Undiscovered Soul (1998), and Aftermath of the Lowdown (2012). In 2018, Sambora and Orianthi formed the duo RSO. After releasing two EPs, RSO released their debut album, Radio Free America, in May 2018.
Hanford Village George Washington Carver Addition Historic District
The Hanford Village George Washington Carver Addition Historic District is a historic district in the Hanford Village neighborhood of Columbus, Ohio. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013. At the time of nomination, the site consisted of 95 buildings, sites, or structures, 76 of which are contributing. Most are one-and-a-half-story gabled Cape Cod houses with simplified Colonial Revival features.

The George Washington Carver Addition is significant as part of a historic suburban municipality built for African American World War II veterans. The district illustrates the struggles and limits that Black citizens had in a segregated society. The district is also notable as the home of many of the Tuskegee Airmen while they operated out of the nearby Lockbourne Army Airport.

Cape Cod (house)
A Cape Cod house is a low, broad, single or double-story frame building with a moderately-steep-pitched gabled roof, a large central chimney, and very little ornamentation. Originating in New England in the 17th century, the simple symmetrical design was constructed of local materials to withstand the stormy weather of Cape Cod. It features a central front door flanked by multipaned windows. The space above the first floor was often left as unfinished attic space, with or without windows on the gable ends.

The building type enjoyed a boom in popularity and adaptation to modern needs in the 1930s–1950s, particularly with Colonial Revival embellishments. It remains a feature of New England homebuilding.
Thom Donovan
Thom Donovan (born Thomas Joseph Donovan; July 24, 1974, in St. Louis, Missouri) is an American guitarist, singer, songwriter, and writer. His first novel The Twin Affair was published by Pegasus on September 28, 2023.

Donovan has released five solo albums and was the lead vocalist and guitarist of the band Lapush. His international performance career has included concerts across the United States as well as cities around the world. Donovan has performed with Brandi Carlile, Ruby Amanfu, Will Hoge, and worked with Wyclef Jean of The Fugees on his single, "Shipwreck".

Donovan's music has frequently appeared in film and television, and he had a recurring uncredited background role in the ABC musical drama series, Nashville, as a musician.

Since 2023, Donovan has written for American Songwriter.

Body of Proof
Body of Proof is an American medical/crime comedy-drama television series that ran on American Broadcasting Company from March 29, 2011, to May 28, 2013, and starred Dana Delany as medical examiner Dr. Megan Hunt. The series was created by Christopher Murphey and produced by ABC Studios. On May 10, 2013, ABC canceled the series after three seasons.
Pierre Radisson-class icebreaker
The Pierre Radisson-class icebreakers, also known as R-class icebreakers, are a class of four icebreakers constructed for and operated by the Canadian Coast Guard. The Canadian Coast Guard designates the four ships in the class as medium icebreakers. Built in two phases, the first three ships, Pierre Radisson, Franklin and Des Groseilliers, were built to a common design. The fourth, Henry Larsen was built to a modified design and is considered a subclass, the Improved R-class icebreaker. Franklin was later renamed Sir John Franklin before undergoing a re-design for use primarily as an Arctic research vessel. Upon the vessel's return to service, the ship was once again renamed Amundsen. All the vessels are named for people who sailed through Canada's northern waters. The class operates in the Arctic Ocean in the summer, patrolling, icebreaking and research missions.

Canadian Coast Guard
The Canadian Coast Guard (CCG; French: Garde côtière canadienne; GCC) is a special operating agency responsible for marine search and rescue (SAR), navigation aids, marine communications and traffic services, icebreaking, and marine pollution response. Formed in 1962, the CCG is a civilian organization currently housed within the Department of National Defence (DND) and headquartered in Ottawa, Ontario. The CCG operates 119 vessels of varying sizes and 23 helicopters, along with a variety of smaller craft.
Liu Hongcao
Liu Hongcao (Chinese: 劉弘操, Vietnamese: Lưu Hoằng Tháo, died 938) was an imperial prince of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Southern Han.

He was the ninth son of emperor Liu Yan and received the title of Prince of Wan (萬王) in 932.

In 937, Dương Đình Nghệ, the ruler of Tĩnh Hải quân, was killed by his general Kiều Công Tiễn. Ngô Quyền, who was Nghệ's son-in-law, mobilized his army against Tiễn. Tiễn requested help from Southern Han. Liu Yan decided to annex Tĩnh Hải quân, so he granted Liu Hongcao the title Prince of Jiao (交王, Giao vương, "Prince of Giao Chỉ"), and dispatched him to Vietnam. Liu Yan himself commanded a follow-up army. In the next year, the army of Southern Han was defeated by Ngô Quyền in Bạch Đằng River, and Hongcao was killed in the battlefield. Hearing the news, Liu Yan cried bitterly and withdrew his own fleet.

Jiaozhi
Jiaozhi (standard Chinese, pinyin: Jiāozhǐ, Vietnamese: Giao Chỉ), was a historical region ruled by various Chinese dynasties, corresponding to present-day northern Vietnam. The kingdom of Nanyue (204–111 BC) set up the Jiaozhi Commandery (Chinese: 交趾郡, 交阯郡; Vietnamese: Quận Giao Chỉ, chữ Hán: 郡交趾) an administrative division centered in the Red River Delta that existed through Vietnam's first and second periods of Chinese rule. During the Han dynasty, the commandery was part of a province of the same name (later renamed to Jiaozhou) that covered modern-day northern and central Vietnam as well as Guangdong and Guangxi in southern China. In 679 AD, Jiaozhi was absorbed into the Annan Protectorate established by the Tang dynasty. Afterwards, official use of the name Jiaozhi was superseded by "Annan" (Annam) and other names of Vietnam, except during the brief fourth period of Chinese rule when the Ming dynasty administered Vietnam as the Jiaozhi Province.
Budgen
Budgen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Chris Budgen (born 1973), New Zealand rugby union player

Edward Budgen (1884–1962), South African cricketer

Frank Budgen (1882–1971), English painter

Frank Budgen (director) (1954–2015), English commercial director

Henry Budgen (1865–1929), English cricketer

John Budgen founder of Budgens supermarkets in Notting Hill, London

Nicholas Budgen (1937–1998), English politician

Tom Budgen (born 1985), Dutch professional wrestler better known as Aleister Black

Frank Budgen (director)
Frank Budgen (2 October 1954 – 2 November 2015) was a British commercial director and co-founder of Gorgeous Enterprises, a London-based film production company. He was voted as the Directors Guild of America commercial director of the year in 2007. His notable works include Tag and Mountain.
Turkish Patent and Trademark Office
The Turkish Patent and Trademark Office (Turkish: Türk Patent ve Marka Kurumu or TÜRKPATENT) (TURKPATENT) is an intellectual property organization with a special budget being attached to the Ministry of Industry and Technology of the Republic of Turkey. Established on June 24, 1994, in Ankara as an independent legal entity, it is liable under special judiciary provisions with the objective of supporting the technological development in Turkey and of establishing and protecting of industrial property rights, as well as providing the public with the worldwide information on industrial property rights.

In October 2016, the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office has been appointed as International Searching and Preliminary Examining Authority under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT). As of October 2016, the appointment was not effective yet.

Right to property
The right to property, or the right to own property (cf. ownership), is often classified as a human right for natural persons regarding their private property. The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution is credited as a significant precedent for the legal protection of individual property rights.

A right to property is specified in Article 17 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, but it is not recognised in the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights or in the 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The 1950 European Convention on Human Rights acknowledges a right for a natural or legal person to "peaceful enjoyment of his possessions", subject to the "general interest or to secure the payment of taxes."
Henry VI, Part 1 (The Hollow Crown)
"Henry VI, Part 1" is first episode of the second series of the British television series The Hollow Crown, based on the plays Henry VI, Part 1 and Henry VI, Part 2 by William Shakespeare. The episode was produced by Rupert Ryle-Hodges and directed by Dominic Cooke, who also adapted the screenplay with Ben Power. It starred Tom Sturridge as Henry VI, Sophie Okonedo as Queen Margaret and Adrian Dunbar as Richard of York. The adaptation presents Henry VI in two parts, incorporating all three Henry VI plays. It was first broadcast on 7 May 2016 on BBC Two.

Adrian Dunbar
Adrian Dunbar (born 1 August 1958) is an Irish actor, director and singer, known for his television and theatre work. He co-wrote and starred in the 1991 film Hear My Song, nominated for Best Original Screenplay at the BAFTA awards.

Dunbar is also known for playing Superintendent Ted Hastings in the hit BBC crime drama Line of Duty (2012–21). He has also appeared as Alan Cox in The Jump, Martin Summers in Ashes to Ashes, Richard Plantagenet in The Hollow Crown and Father Flaherty in Broken. Since 2022, Dunbar has starred in the lead role of Alex Ridley in the ITV detective series Ridley. In 2024 he starred in Kiss Me Kate on stage.

Notable film work includes My Left Foot (1989), The Crying Game (1992) and deleted scenes in Star Wars: The Phantom Menace (1999). His TV guest appearances include Inspector Morse, Cracker, A Touch of Frost, Silk, Scott & Bailey, Silent Witness and Inside No. 9.
Photinos Panas
Photinos Panas (30 January 1832 – 5 January 1903) was an ophthalmologist born on the Greek island of Cefalonia, then part of the United States of the Ionian Islands.

In 1860 he obtained his medical degree at Paris, where he would later spend his entire medical career. He was the first professor of ophthalmology at the University of Paris, and in 1879 established the ophthalmology clinic at the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris. In 1881 with Edmund Landolt (1846-1926) and Antonin Poncet (1849-1913), he founded the Archives d'ophtalmologie.

In 1894 he published Traité des maladies des yeux, which at the time was considered to be the best French textbook on eye diseases. Panas is credited with introducing an operation for entropion in trichiasis, as well as an operation for attachment of the upper eyelid to the occipitofrontalis muscle for treatment of blepharoptosis. Each of these techniques are sometimes referred to as "Panas' operation" in medical literature.

Entropion
Entropion is a medical condition in which the eyelid (usually the lower lid) folds inward. It is very uncomfortable, as the eyelashes continuously rub against the cornea causing irritation. Entropion is usually caused by genetic factors. This is different from when an extra fold of skin on the lower eyelid causes lashes to turn in towards the eye (epiblepharon). In epiblepharons, the eyelid margin itself is in the correct position, but the extra fold of skin causes the lashes to be misdirected. Entropion can also create secondary pain of the eye (leading to self trauma, scarring of the eyelid, or nerve damage).  The upper or lower eyelid can be involved, and one or both eyes may be affected. When entropion occurs in both eyes, this is known as "bilateral entropion". Repeated cases of trachoma infection may cause scarring of the inner eyelid, which may cause entropion. In human cases, this condition is most common to people over 60 years of age.
Catholic Church in Serbia
The Catholic Church in Serbia (Serbian: Католичка црква у Србији, Katolička crkva u Srbiji) is part of the worldwide Catholic Church under the spiritual leadership of the pope in Rome. There are 356,957 Catholics in Serbia according to the 2011 census, which is roughly 5% of the population. Estimates in 2020 suggested that the figure had risen to 5.5-6%.

Catholics are mostly concentrated in several municipalities in northern Vojvodina and are mostly members are Hungarians, Croats, and a small minority of Serb Catholics.

Croats of Serbia
Croats are a recognized ethnic minority in Serbia. According to data from the 2022 census, the population of ethnic Croats in Serbia is 39,107, constituting 0.6% of the total population.

The majority of them live in Vojvodina, where they number 32,684 and make up 1.9% of the province's population. An additional 11,104 people declared themselves as Bunjevci in the 2022 census; there are differing views whether Bunjevci should be regarded as Croats or as distinct ethnicity.