hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Minority language
A minority language is a language spoken by a minority of the population of a territory. Such people are termed linguistic minorities or language minorities. With a total number of 196 sovereign states recognized internationally (as of 2019) and an estimated number of roughly 5,000 to 7,000 languages spoken worldwide, the vast majority of languages are minority languages in every country in which they are spoken. Some minority languages are simultaneously also official languages, such as Irish in Ireland or the numerous indigenous languages of Bolivia. Likewise, some national languages are often considered minority languages, insofar as they are the national language of a stateless nation.

Index of language articles
This is a partial index of Wikipedia articles treating natural languages, arranged alphabetically and with families mentioned. The list also includes extinct languages.

For a published list of languages, see ISO 639-1 (list of ISO 639 language codes for 136 major languages), or for a more inclusive list, see ISO 639-3 (list of ISO 639-3 codes, 7,874 in total as of June 2013). The enumeration of languages and dialects can easily be taken into the five-digit range; the Linguasphere Observatory has a database (LS-2010) with more than 32,800 coded entries and more than 70,900 linguistic names.
Kurtis Mathews
Kurtis John Mathews (born 15 April 1999) is an Australian diver who reached the final of the men's 3 metre springboard at the 2024 Summer Olympics. He also competed at the 2018 Commonwealth Games and the 2024 World Aquatics Championships.

Mathews was born in Wodonga, Victoria. He has a twin sister, Jayah. He studied biomedical sciences at Texas A&M University in the United States.

Wodonga
Wodonga (/wəˈdɒŋɡə/ wə-DONG-gə; Pallanganmiddang: Wordonga) is a city on the Victorian side of the border with New South Wales, 324 kilometres (201 mi) north-east of Melbourne, Australia. It is part of the twin city of Albury–Wodonga and is located all within the boundaries of the City of Wodonga LGA and is separated from its twin city in New South Wales, Albury, by the Murray River. As of the 2021 Census, Wodonga and its suburbs have a population of 37,839 and combined with Albury, the two cities form the urban area Albury–Wodonga with a population of 97,793. There are multiple suburbs of Wodonga including Bandiana, Baranduda, Barnawartha, Bonegilla, Ebden, Huon Creek, Killara, Leneva and Staghorn.

Wodonga produces a gross domestic product of $2.57 billion per year on average.
Strumaria watermeyeri
Strumaria watermeyeri is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to the Cape Provinces of South Africa, where it is found in dry areas in the northwest. It is usually solitary, and has pink or white flowers. It was first described by Louisa Bolus in 1921.

Louisa Bolus
Harriet Margaret Louisa Bolus née Kensit (31 July 1877 in Burgersdorp – 5 April 1970 in Cape Town) was a South African botanist and taxonomist, and the longtime curator of the Bolus Herbarium, from 1903. Bolus also has the legacy of authoring more land plant species than any other female scientist, in total naming 1,494 species.
Mkhambathini Local Municipality
Mkhambathini Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala wase Mkhambathini) is a local municipality within the Umgungundlovu District Municipality, in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. Mkhabathini is an isiZulu word derived from eMkhambathini meaning "the place of acacia trees".

The municipality is well located in relation to Durban and Pietermaritzburg and adjoins Cato Ridge, a potential industrial node. The N3, which is identified in the Spatial Growth and Development Strategy as a provincial corridor, runs east–west through the central part of the municipal area.

Pietermaritzburg
Pietermaritzburg (/ˌpiːtərˈmærɪtsbɜːrɡ/; Zulu: uMgungundlovu) is the capital and second-largest city in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa after Durban. It was named in 1838 and is currently governed by the Msunduzi Local Municipality.

The town was named in Zulu, after King Dingane's royal homestead uMgungundlovu. Pietermaritzburg is popularly called Maritzburg and is often informally abbreviated to PMB. It is a regionally important industrial hub, producing aluminium, timber and dairy products, and is the main economic hub of uMgungundlovu District Municipality. The public sector is a major employer in the city due to local, district and provincial government offices located here.

The city has many schools and tertiary education institutions, including a campus of the University of KwaZulu-Natal.
Protocatechuic acid
Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a dihydroxybenzoic acid, a type of phenolic acid. It is a major metabolite of antioxidant polyphenols found in green tea. It has mixed effects on normal and cancer cells in in vitro and in vivo studies. It is produced commercially from vanillin.

Polyphenol
Polyphenols (/ˌpɒliˈfiːnoʊl, -nɒl/) are a large family of naturally occurring phenols. They are abundant in plants and structurally diverse. Polyphenols include phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannic acid, and ellagitannin, some of which have been used historically as dyes and for tanning garments.
Royal Women's Hospital
The Royal Women's Hospital, located in the Melbourne suburb of Parkville, is Australia's oldest specialist women's hospital. It offers a full range of services in maternity, gynaecology, neonatal care, women's cancers and women's health. It also offers complementary services such as social work, physiotherapy, dietetics, genetic counselling and pastoral care. Specialist clinics in endometriosis, chronic pelvic pain, menopause symptoms after cancer, and infertility are also available. It is a major teaching hospital of over 200 beds with links to the University of Melbourne and La Trobe University. Co-located in the same building is the Frances Perry Private Hospital, a 69-bed private hospital for women.

Teaching hospital
A teaching hospital or university hospital is a hospital or medical center that provides medical education and training to future and current health professionals. Teaching hospitals are almost always affiliated with one or more universities and are often co-located with medical schools.

Teaching hospitals use a residency program to educate qualified physicians, podiatrists, dentists, and pharmacists who are receiving training after attaining the degree of MD, DO, DPM, DDS, DMD, PharmD, BDS, BDent, MBBS, MBChB, or BMed. Those that attend a teaching hospital or clinic practice medicine under the direct or indirect supervision of a senior medical clinician registered in that specialty, such as an attending physician or consultant. The purpose of these residency programs is to create an environment where new doctors can learn to practice medicine in a safe setting which is supervised by physicians that provide both oversight and education.
Una Wickham
Una Katherine Wickham (12 January 1923 – 20 June 1983) was a New Zealand cricketer who played as a right-handed batter and right-arm medium bowler. She appeared in two Test matches for New Zealand in 1948 and 1949, scoring 40 runs and taking three wickets. She played domestic cricket for Auckland.

New Zealand women's national cricket team
The New Zealand women's national cricket team, nicknamed the White Ferns, represents New Zealand in international women's cricket. One of eight teams competing in the ICC Women's Championship (the highest level of international women's cricket), the team is organised by New Zealand Cricket, a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC).

New Zealand made its Test debut in 1935, against England, becoming the third team to play at that level. With Australia and England, New Zealand is one of only three teams to have participated in all ten editions of the Women's Cricket World Cup. The team has made the final of the tournament on four occasions, winning in 2000 and placing second in in 1993, 1997, and 2009. At the Women's T20 World Cup, New Zealand were champions in 2024 and runners up in 2009 and 2010.
Friedrichsfeld
Friedrichsfeld locations in Germany:

Friedrichsfeld (Voerde), Voerde
Friedrichsfeld (Niederrhein) station

Friedrichsfeld (Mannheim), Mannheim
Neu-Edingen/Mannheim-Friedrichsfeld station

Surname Friedrichsfeld:

David Friedrichsfeld (1755–1810), writer

see also

Friedrichsfelde, Berlin

Friedrichsfeld (Niederrhein) station
Friedrichsfeld is a railway station in Friedrichsfeld, part of Voerde, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The station is located on the Arnhem-Oberhausen railway. The train services are operated by Deutsche Bahn and Abellio Deutschland.
Common scoter
The common scoter (Melanitta nigra) is a large sea duck, 43–54 cm (17–21 in) in length, which breeds over the far north of Europe and the Palearctic east to the Olenyok River. The black scoter (M. americana) of North America and eastern Siberia was formerly considered to be a subspecies.

Olenyok (river)
The Olenyok (Russian: Оленёк, sometimes spelled Оленек, Olenek; Yakut: Өлөөн, Ölöön) is a major river in northern Siberian Russia, west of the lower Lena and east of the Anabar. It is 2,292 kilometres (1,424 mi) long, of which around 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) is navigable. Average water discharge is 1,210 cubic metres per second (43,000 cu ft/s).

The Olenyok is known for its abundance in fish. It is frozen for over eight months every year and the climate in its area is harsh because of the direct influence of the Arctic.
Mazzocco
Mazzocco is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Davide Mazzocco (born 1995), Italian footballer

Jen Mazzocco (born 1984), American politician

Martín Stefanonni Mazzocco (born 1964), Mexican lawyer and politician

Stefano Mazzocco (born 1980), Italian footballer

Martín Stefanonni Mazzocco
Martín Stefanonni Mazzocco (born April 30, 1964) is a Mexican lawyer and politician.

Born in the small town of Chipilo, Puebla, to Luis Stefanonni Berra and Librada Mazzocco Piloni, Martín and his family relocated to San Miguel de Allende when he was seven years of age, where he grew up and eventually began his political career. A former member of the National Action Party (PAN), Stefanonni served as a deputy in the Chamber of Deputies from 2006 to 2009, representing Guanajuato's 2nd district for that party, and as a local deputy in the Congress of Guanajuato.

He has since switched parties and is now a member of the recently established Social Encounter Party.
Ampere (band)
Ampere is an American hardcore punk band from Amherst, Massachusetts known for their short but extremely loud and intense live shows. The band has put the importance of DIY punk ethics at the forefront of their lyrics and are known for the particular attention they bring to their vegan principles.

Neighborhood of Make-Believe
The Neighborhood of Make-Believe is the fictional kingdom inhabited by hand puppet characters on the children's television series Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, which originally aired on PBS (and its predecessor NET) from 1968 to 2001, and its predecessor Mister Rogers, which originally aired on CBC from 1963 to 1966 with the name Neighbourhood of Make Believe. Principal puppeteer Fred Rogers developed many of the characters in the 1950s for Josie Carey's program The Children's Corner. Both shows were shot in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Linden-McKinley High School
Linden McKinley High School is located in the South Linden neighborhood of Columbus, Ohio and is part of the Columbus City Schools District. The school has an enrollment of approximately 500 students in grades 9 to 12.

Currently Linden McKinley maintains advanced placement courses in: English literature, English language, calculus, government and US history. In addition Kenyon College classes in English and Biology are held on site for dual credit. In 2018, it was recommended for conversion to a middle school, as most students in its catchment area attend other high schools.

AP Calculus
Advanced Placement (AP) Calculus (also known as AP Calc, Calc AB / BC, AB / BC Calc or simply AB / BC) is a set of two distinct Advanced Placement calculus courses and exams offered by the American nonprofit organization College Board. AP Calculus AB covers basic introductions to limits, derivatives, and integrals. AP Calculus BC covers all AP Calculus AB topics plus integration by parts, infinite series, parametric equations, vector calculus, and polar coordinate functions, among other topics.
Blomfield Road
Blomfield Road is a street in the Maida Vale area of Central London. Located in the London Borough of Westminster it runs on the northern bank of the Regent's Canal in Little Venice. The road branches westwards off the A5 and runs directly along the canal with both Randolph Avenue and Warwick Avenue running north off it. It then follows the canal by turning sharply northwards until it meets with Formosa Street.

The street features the white stucco villas or terraces common for the area, dating back to the Victorian era. Numbers 1-45 were constructed from 1840 to 1847. Maida Avenue runs directly opposite it across the canal for much of its route. A bridge across the canal connects it to Westbourne Terrace Road. It takes its name from Charles James Blomfield, the Bishop of London from 1828 to 1856. Multiple buildings are now Grade II listed.

Regent's Canal
Regent's Canal is a canal across an area just north of central London, England. It provides a link from the Paddington Arm of the Grand Union Canal, 550 yards (500 m) north-west of Paddington Basin in the west, to the Limehouse Basin and the River Thames in east London. The canal is 8.6 miles (13.8 km) long.
Sportime Harbor Island
Sportime Harbor Island is a tennis club owned and operated by Sportime NY, located in the Village of Mamaroneck, New York inside Harbor Island Park. The club has eight outdoor red clay tennis courts that are bubbled during colder times of the year. It also has a lounge and a pro shop. The club offers private lessons, adult leagues, tennis kinetics programs, elite tournament training, a 10-and-under tennis program, a match play program, tennis parties and a children's summer camp.

The New York Sportimes of World TeamTennis, of which Sportime NY was the majority owner, played their home matches at the club from 2003 through 2008. A temporary stadium with a seating capacity of 1,843 spectators was erected for Sportimes matches. During their residency at Sportime Harbor Island, the Sportimes won the 2005 King Trophy as World TeamTennis champions. In 2009, the team relocated its home matches to another facility owned and operated by Sportime NY on Randall's Island in New York City.

Mamaroneck (village), New York
Mamaroneck /məˈmærənɛk/ mə-MAIR-ə-nek is a village in Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 18,929 at the 2010 census. As of 2019, its population was an estimated 19,131. It is located partially within the town of Mamaroneck and partially within the town of Rye. The portion in Rye is unofficially called "Rye Neck". The Rye Neck Union Free School District contains the Rye Neck portion of Mamaroneck and part of the city of Rye.
Marasmius pacificus
Marasmius pacificus is a species of fungus in the large agaric genus Marasmius. It is found in Chile, where it grows on the fallen leaves of Aextoxicon, Laurelia, and Myrtaceae. The fungus was described as new to science in 1969 by mycologist Rolf Singer.

Aextoxicon
Aextoxicon is a genus of dioecious trees native to southern Chile and Argentina. It is the only genus in the monotypic family Aextoxicaceae, and is itself represented by the olivillo (Aextoxicon punctatum). It is a large evergreen tree native to the forests of the Valdivian temperate rain forests and Magellanic subpolar forests of the Pacific coast of southern Chile, where it forms is a canopy tree in the broadleaf forests. It can reach 15 m tall.

The APG system (1998) and the APG II system (2003) left the family Aextoxicaceae unplaced in the core eudicots. It has since been included in the order Berberidopsidales. The genus was formerly often included in the family Euphorbiaceae.
Nǎi Nai & Wài Pó
Nǎi Nai & Wài Pó (Chinese: 奶奶跟外婆; pinyin: Nǎinai gēn Wàipó; also known as Grandma & Grandma) is a 2023 documentary short film directed by Sean Wang about his Taiwanese immigrant paternal and maternal grandmothers. It was acquired by Disney Entertainment for distribution and premiered on Disney+ and Hulu on February 9, 2024. The film was nominated for Best Documentary Short Film at the 96th Academy Awards.

Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Film
This is a list of films by year that have received an Academy Award together with the other nominations for best documentary short film. Following the Academy's practice, the year listed for each film is the year of release: the awards are announced and presented early in the following year. Copies of every winning film (along with copies of most nominees) are held by the Academy Film Archive. Fifteen films are shortlisted before nominations are announced.
June Gilmore
June Gilmore (later Hawton; June 13, 1922 – January 6, 1980) was an outfielder who played in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL) in its 1944 season. Listed at 5' 1", 110 lb., she batted and threw right handed.

Born in Peoria, Illinois, June Gilmore joined the Rockford Peaches during the second season of the league. She did not have individual records or additional information was incomplete at the time of the request.

The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League folded in 1954, but there is a permanent display at the Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum at Cooperstown, New York, since 1988 that honors the entire league rather than any individual figure.

All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL) was a professional women's baseball league founded by Philip K. Wrigley, which existed from 1943 to 1954. The AAGPBL is the forerunner of women's professional league sports in the United States.  Over 600 women played in the league, which eventually consisted of 10 teams located in the American Midwest. In 1948, league attendance peaked at over 900,000 spectators. The most successful team, the Rockford Peaches, won a league-best four championships.

The 1992 film A League of Their Own and the 2022 television show of the same name are mostly fictionalized accounts of the league and its stars. Sixty-five original AAGPBL members appeared in scenes for the movie filmed in October 1991 recreating the induction of the league into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1988.
Alsuviricetes
Alsuviricetes is a class of positive-strand RNA viruses which infect eukaryotes. The name of the group is a syllabic abbreviation of "alpha supergroup" with the suffix -viricetes indicating a virus class.

Abbreviation
An abbreviation (from Latin  brevis 'short') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing full stop (period). For example, the term etc. is the usual abbreviation for the Latin phrase et cetera.
Plateliai Lake
Lake Plateliai (Samogitian dialect: Plateliu ežers) is the biggest lake in Samogitia and 9th biggest in Lithuania. It is the central attraction in the Žemaitija National Park. It covers about 12 square kilometres (4.6 sq mi) and reaches up to 49 metres (161 ft) in depth. It has seven islands, one of them housed a castle and now is called Castle Island. Archeologists found remains of two castles and think it might be the Queen Bona castle. The lake has both diving and yacht clubs. Plateliai town is located on the west bank of the lake.

Bona Sforza
Bona Sforza (2 February 1494 – 19 November 1557) was Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania as the second wife of Sigismund the Old, and Duchess of Bari and Rossano by her own right. She was a surviving member of the powerful House of Sforza, which had ruled the Duchy of Milan since 1450.

Smart, energetic and ambitious, Bona became heavily involved in the political and cultural life of the Polish–Lithuanian union. To increase state revenue during the Chicken War, she implemented various economic and agricultural reforms, including the far-reaching Wallach Reform in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In foreign policy, she allied with the Ottoman Empire and sometimes opposed the Habsburgs. Her descendants became beneficiaries of the Neapolitan sums, a loan to Philip II of Spain that was never completely paid.
VPB-11
VPB-11 was a Patrol Bombing Squadron of the U.S. Navy. The squadron was established as Torpedo & Bombing Squadron 19-D14 (VT-19D14) on 7 February 1924, redesignated Torpedo & Bombing Squadron 6D14 (VT-6D14) on 1 July 1927, redesignated Patrol Squadron 6-B (VP-6B) on 1 April 1931, redesignated Patrol Squadron 6-F (VP-6F) on 17 July 1933, redesignated Patrol Squadron 6 (VP-6) on 1 October 1937, redesignated Patrol Squadron 23 (VP-23) on 1 July 1939, redesignated Patrol Squadron 11 (VP-11) on 1 August 1941, redesignated Patrol Bombing Squadron 11 (VPB-11) on 1 October 1944 and disestablished on 20 June 1945.

Douglas T2D
The Douglas T2D was an American twin-engined torpedo bomber contracted by the military, and required to be usable on wheels or floats, and operating from aircraft carriers. It was the first twin-engined aircraft to be operated from an aircraft carrier.
Al-Fakkah Field
The Al-Fakkah Field, also known as Jebel Al-Fauqi or Jebal Al-Fauqi, is an oil field located in southern Iraq's Maysan Governorate and Khūzestān Province, Iran. The oil field produced 50,000 barrels per day (7,900 m3/d) prior to the 2003 Iraq War and is part of the Maysan oilfield complex that altogether holds reserve of 2.5 billion barrels (400×10^6 m3).  The oil field is considered shared but an area of dispute between Iraq and Iran. Iraq unsuccessfully put the oil field up for bidding in 2009.

Petroleum reservoir
A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations. Such reservoirs form when kerogen (ancient plant matter) is created in surrounding rock by the presence of high heat and pressure in the Earth's crust.

Reservoirs are broadly classified as conventional and unconventional reservoirs. In conventional reservoirs, the naturally occurring hydrocarbons, such as crude oil (petroleum) or natural gas, are trapped by overlying rock formations with lower permeability, while in unconventional reservoirs the rocks have high porosity and low permeability, which keeps the hydrocarbons trapped in place, therefore not requiring a cap rock. Reservoirs are found using hydrocarbon exploration methods.
Jetty Rae
Jetty Rae (born January 13, 1987) is an unsigned American indie folk singer-songwriter (also part of the group Pen Pals) whose career began in Kona, Hawaii, but now resides in Michigan. Notable appearances include Lilith Fair 2010, CMJ Music Festival, Ann Arbor Summer Festival, The Red Jacket Jamboree, and a number of CFA festivals including Agapefest, Big Ticket, and Fandana Festival. Jetty Rae's music has been used by companies such as Microsoft, Petco, Amazon.com, and Ben and Jerry's to promote their brands. She is known for "taking lyrics and adding a depth that few artists can.". Jetty Rae's album Drowning in Grain peaked at No. 130 on the CMJ Top 200 Radio charts.

Unsigned artist
An unsigned artist or independent artist is a musician or musical group not under a contract with a record label. The terms are used in the music industry as a marketing technique. Bands that release their own material on self-published CDs can also be considered unsigned bands. Often unsigned bands primarily exist to perform at concerts.

In more recent years, the Internet has helped promote the music of unsigned bands. Artists often post their music as MP3s on websites like blogs, digital stores and other streaming platforms online for enhanced promotion.

In 2016, the Unsigned Music Awards was established in the UK as the first ever televised international awards ceremony to champion artists without the backing of a record label.