hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frankenia palmeri
Frankenia palmeri is a species of flowering plant in the frankenia family, Frankeniaceae, known by the common name Palmer's seaheath, Palmer's frankenia, or yerba reuma. It is native to the coastline of northwestern Mexico, as well as San Diego County, California, in the United States. It is a plant of sand dunes, beaches, alkali flats, and salt marshes, where it thrives due to its adaptation to saline soils. This is a small, tangling shrub less than a meter tall with spreading stems lined with clusters of knobby, fleshy leaves. Toward the ends of branches flowers appear among the leaf clusters. Each flower has white petals 3 or 4 millimeters long, often washed with pink toward the throat and with pink anthers. The plant is becoming increasingly rare as its habitat on valuable coastal land is consumed for development.

Dry lake
A dry lake bed, also known as a playa (/ˈplaɪ-ə/), is a basin or depression that formerly contained a standing surface water body, which disappears when evaporation processes exceed recharge. If the floor of a dry lake is covered by deposits of alkaline compounds, it is known as an alkali flat. If covered with salt, it is known as a salt flat.
2013 3. deild karla
The 2013 3. deild karla (English: Men's Third Division) was the 32nd season of fourth-tier football in Iceland. Ten teams contested the league, which as of 2013 is no longer the lowest division in Iceland following the restructuring of the league pyramid. The fixtures for the 2013 campaign were released by the KSÍ on 10 November 2012; play began on 17 May and concluded on 14 September.

Football Association of Iceland
The Football Association of Iceland (Icelandic: Knattspyrnusamband Íslands, pronounced [ˈkʰnahtˌspɪ(r)tnʏˌsampant ˈistlan(t)s]; KSÍ) is the governing body of football in Iceland. It was founded on 26 March 1947, joined FIFA the same year, and UEFA in 1954. It organises the football league, Úrvalsdeild, and the Iceland men's national football team and Iceland women's national football team. It is based in Reykjavík.
Bowser ministry
The Bowser ministry was the combined Cabinet (formally the Executive Council of British Columbia) that governed British Columbia from December 15, 1915, to November 23, 1916. It was led by William John Bowser, the 17th premier of British Columbia, and was composed of members of the Conservative Party.

The Bowser ministry was established following the resignation of previous premier Richard McBride on December 15, 1915.  It was disestablished after the party was defeated in the 1916 election.

Premier of British Columbia
The premier of British Columbia is the first minister and head of government for the Canadian province of British Columbia. Until the early 1970s, the title prime minister of British Columbia was often used. The word premier is derived from the French word of the same spelling, meaning "first"; and ultimately from the Latin word primarius, meaning "primary".
Castlerea railway station
Castlerea railway station serves the town of Castlerea in County Roscommon, Ireland. The station opened on 15 November 1860.

The station is on the Dublin to Westport Rail service. Passengers to or from Galway must travel to Athlone and change trains. Passengers to or from Ballina and Foxford will need travel to Manulla Junction and change trains.

Ballina, County Mayo
Ballina (/ˌbæləˈnɑː/ bal-ə-NA; Irish: Béal an Átha, meaning 'mouth of the ford') is a town in north County Mayo, Ireland. It lies at the mouth of the River Moy near Killala Bay, in the Moy valley and civil parish of Kilmoremoy, with the Ox Mountains to the east and the Nephin Mountains to the west. The town occupies two baronies; Tirawley on the west bank of the River Moy, and Tireragh, a barony within County Sligo, on its east banks. At the 2022 census, the population of Ballina was 10,556.
Battle of 4 May
The Battle of 4 May was fought in open sea near Salvador, Bahia, on 4 May 1823, between the Imperial Brazilian Navy, under the command of British admiral Thomas Cochrane, and the Portuguese Navy during the Brazilian War of Independence.

Imperial Brazilian Navy
The Imperial Brazilian Navy (Brazilian Portuguese: Armada Nacional, commonly known as Armada Imperial) was the navy created at the time of the independence of the Empire of Brazil from the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. It existed between 1822 and 1889 during the vacancy of the constitutional monarchy.

The Navy was formed almost entirely by ships, staff, organizations and doctrines proceeding from the transference of the Portuguese Royal Family in 1808. Some of its members were native-born Brazilians, who under Portugal had been forbidden to serve. Other members were Portuguese who adhered to the cause of separation and German and Irish mercenaries. Some establishments created by King John VI were used and incorporated.

Under the reign of Emperor Pedro II the Navy was greatly expanded to become the fifth most powerful navy in the world and the armed force more popular and loyal to the Brazilian monarchy.
Bill Elvy
William Lister Elvy (2 December 1901 – 29 July 1977) was a New Zealand international rugby union player.

A native of Christchurch, Elvy was a Canterbury amateur welterweight boxing champion and played his rugby on the wing, with his sidestepping abilities making up for a lack of pace.

Elvy, a train driver by profession, toured New South Wales with the All Blacks in 1925 and scored two tries in the first of the unofficial Tests against the Waratahs, before missing the remaining fixtures with injury. He retained his place for their repeat tour in 1926 and scored nine tries from eight appearances.

1925 New Zealand rugby union tour of New South Wales
The 1925 New Zealand tour rugby to New South Wales was the 12th tour by the New Zealand national team to Australia.

During the First World War the activity of Rugby Union was suspended. In Australia, the sport was initially reprised only in New South Wales (many players switched to Rugby league especially in Queensland), so official test matches between the two national sides were not resumed until 1929.

The three most important matches were played against the New South Wales Waratahs, and New Zealand won the 3 match series 3–0. In 1986 the Australian Rugby Union accorded Test status to the New South Wales matches played against international teams in the 1920–1928 period, but the matches against the All Blacks are not recorded as Tests by the New Zealand Rugby Union.
Michael Selgelid
Michael J. Selgelid is a bioethicist and moral philosopher who has written on ethics and public health, biotechnology, and infectious diseases. He is the current director of the Centre for Human Bioethics at Monash University and of the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Bioethics therein.

Bioethics
Bioethics is both a field of study and professional practice, interested in ethical issues related to health (primarily focused on the human, but also increasingly includes animal ethics), including those emerging from advances in biology, medicine, and technologies. It proposes the discussion about moral discernment in society (what decisions are "good" or "bad" and why) and it is often related to medical policy and practice, but also to broader questions as environment, well-being and public health. Bioethics is concerned with the ethical questions that arise in the relationships among life sciences, biotechnology, medicine, politics, law, theology and philosophy. It includes the study of values relating to primary care, other branches of medicine ("the ethics of the ordinary"), ethical education in science, animal, and environmental ethics, and public health.
Trent Schroyer
Trent Schroyer (May 23, 1936 – December 4, 2018) was an American scholar, author and international activist.

Schroyer's first book The Critique of Domination: The Origins and Development of Critical Theory was nominated for a National Book Award. Schroyer was active in interpreting critical theory to many colleges and universities. Later teaching sociology-philosophy at Ramapo College of N.J., Schroyer focused on promoting sustainability. As chair of The Other Economic Summit (TOES), Schroyer was an international organizer and writer about neoliberal globalization and its alternatives. Later organizing trips to South India and the Aegean islands, he focused on regenerative alternatives to westernizing development and resistance to authoritarianism.

Ramapo College
Ramapo College of New Jersey (RCNJ) is a public liberal arts college in Mahwah, New Jersey. It is part of New Jersey's public system of higher education. As of the fall 2021 semester, there were a total of 5,732 students enrolled at the college, including 576 graduate students and 11 doctorate students. The school has a "somewhat selective" acceptance rate.
Siege of Nauplia (1715)
The siege of Nauplia took place on 12–20 July 1715, when the Ottoman Empire captured the city of Nauplia (Napoli di Romagna), the capital of the Republic of Venice's "Kingdom of the Morea" in southern Greece. Although Nauplia was strongly fortified and had been further strengthened with the construction of Palamidi fortress by the Venetians, the Ottomans managed to overcome them. The Ottomans exploded a mine and took Palamidi by storm on 20 July. The Venetian defenders retreated in panic, leading to the rapid fall of Acronauplia and the rest of the city. The garrison and populace were massacred or carried off as prisoners. The fall of Nauplia signalled the effective end of Venetian resistance to the Ottoman reconquest of the Morea, which was completed by 7 September.

Nafplio
Nafplio or Nauplio (Greek: Ναύπλιο, romanized: Náfplio) is a coastal city located in the Peloponnese in Greece. It is the capital of the regional unit of Argolis and an important tourist destination. Founded in antiquity, the city became an important seaport in the Middle Ages during the Frankokratia as part of the lordship of Argos and Nauplia, held initially by the de la Roche following the Fourth Crusade before coming under the Republic of Venice and, lastly, the Ottoman Empire. The city was the second capital of the First Hellenic Republic and of the Kingdom of Greece, from 1827 until 1834.
Zazpikaleak/Casco Viejo (Bilbao metro)
Zazpikaleak/Casco Viejo – Zazpikaleak (Basque for 'Seven Streets') and Casco Viejo (Spanish for 'Old Town') – is a railway station in Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain. It is located in the historical neighborhood of Casco Viejo, in the district of Ibaiondo. It links the Bilbao metro rapid transit services with the Euskotren Trena commuter rail network. It is the main railway hub for trips between the metropolitan underground network and the railway services to Eibar, Gernika, Bermeo and San Sebastián as well as the Txorierri valley. The original metro station opened on 11 November 1995, and on 8 April 2017 in its current form.

Ibaiondo
Ibaiondo is the fifth district of the city of Bilbao (Biscay), in the Spanish Basque Country. Ibaiondo is a recently used name that means 'beside the river' in Basque. It is divided into the neighbourhoods of Atxuri, Bilbo Zarra, Casco Viejo, Iturralde, Abusu, San Adrián, San Francisco, Solokoetxe, Miribilla and Zabala.

The original walled city, the Casco Viejo, is located in this district, including the oldest buildings of the city like the Santiago Cathedral and Saint Anton Church, both from the 15th century.

Today the modern district includes both the oldest and the newest neighbourhood, Miribilla, which was started in 1999 and completed two years after.

It is the most extensive district of Bilbao, with an area of 9.65 km² (25% of the municipality) but the urban area has an area of only 2.45 km², the rest of the district is part of mount Pagasarri. It is also the city's most populated district, with 61,184 inhabitants in 2016.
Uthlede
Uthlede is a village and a former municipality in the district of Cuxhaven, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 January 2014, it is part of the municipality Hagen im Bremischen.

Uthlede belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, established in 1180 AD. In 1648 the Prince-Archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish Crown - interrupted by a Danish occupation (1712–1715) - and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. The Kingdom of Hanover incorporated the Duchy in a real union and the Ducal territory, including Uthlede, became part of the new Stade Region, established in 1823.

Real union
Real union is a union of two or more states, which share some state institutions in contrast to personal unions; however, they are not as unified as states in a political union. It is a development from personal union and has historically been limited to monarchies.

Unlike personal unions, real unions almost exclusively led to a reduction of sovereignty for the politically weaker constituent. That was the case with Lithuania and Norway, which came under the influence of stronger neighbors, Poland and Denmark respectively, with which each of them had shared a personal union previously.

Sometimes, however, a real union came about after a period of political union. The most notable example of such a move is the Kingdom of Hungary (Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen), which achieved equal status to Austria (which exercised control over the "Cisleithanian" crown lands) in Austria-Hungary following the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867.
Tellnes mine
The Tellnes mine is one of the largest titanium mines in Europe. The mine is located about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) northeast of the Jøssingfjorden in Sokndal municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The mine has reserves amounting more than 300,000,000 tonnes (300,000,000 long tons; 330,000,000 short tons) of ore grading 18% titanium.  The deposit of titanium was discovered in 1954 and production at the mine began in October 1960.  Each year there is about 2,000,000 tonnes (2,000,000 long tons; 2,200,000 short tons) of ore and 1,600,000 tonnes (1,600,000 long tons; 1,800,000 short tons) of rock waste removed from the open-pit mine.  This resulted in about 580,000 tonnes (570,000 long tons; 640,000 short tons) of ilmenite concentrate from the mine in 1999.

Open-pit mining
Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining, is a surface mining technique that extracts rock or minerals from the earth.

Open-pit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful ore or rocks are found near the surface where the overburden is relatively thin. In contrast, deeper mineral deposits can be reached using underground mining.

This form of mining carries several risks to the health and safety of miners, and can have a significant negative impact on the environment.
Tsengel, Bayan-Ölgii
Tsengel (Mongolian: Цэнгэл [t͡sʰé̝ŋkɪɮ]), also referred to as Ak-Sayan (Tuvan: Ак-Саян; 'white-Sayan'), is a district of Bayan-Ölgii Province in western Mongolia. Its capital, Khushoot, is located in the west of the district.

Its inhabitants are mainly ethnic Tuvans (also known as Tsengel Tuvans), whereas the rest of Bayan-Ölgii Province is populated mainly by Kazakhs. As of 2014, it had a population of 8,744.

Tuvan language
Tuvan, also spelt Tyvan, is a Turkic language spoken in the Republic of Tuva in South Central Siberia, Russia. There are small groups of Tuvans that speak distinct dialects of Tuvan in China and Mongolia.
Thrust Flight
Thrust Flight, founded as a partner of US Sport Aircraft in 2006, is a flight school with its main campus at the Addison Airport near Dallas, two satellite locations in Texas (North Texas Regional Airport and Conroe-North Houston Regional Airport), and one location in Arizona (at Falcon Field airport. The aviation training school features a program that aims to get students working with commercial carriers in only two years.

Falcon Field (Arizona)
Falcon Field (IATA: MSC, ICAO: KFFZ, FAA LID: FFZ) is in an airport located in Maricopa County, Arizona. It was originally built 6 miles (5.2 nmi; 9.7 km) northeast of Mesa, which later included, and owns it. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021 categorized it as a reliever airport. Scheduled service to Bullhead City on Western Express Air ended in January 2007.

Most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, but Falcon Field is FFZ to the FAA and MSC to the IATA.
Christos Spirtzis
Christos Spirtzis (Greek: Χρήστος Σπίρτζης; born 1969) is a Greek engineer and centre-left independent politician. From 2015 to 2019, he served as the Minister of Infrastructure and Transport in the government of Alexis Tsipras.

Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (Greece)
The Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (Greek: Υπουργείο Υποδομών και Μεταφορών) is a government department of Greece headquartered in Cholargos, Athens.

The ministry is currently headed by Christos Dimas.
Daniel Kraus (author)
Daniel Kraus (born 1975) is an American author known for his collaborations with George A. Romero and Guillermo del Toro. He published his first novel, The Monster Variations, with Delacorte Press in 2009. As of November 2025, he has published 22 novels, including Whalefall (2023), Angel Down (2025) and The Living Dead (2020, co-authored with George A. Romero), as well as three graphic novels and a non-fiction book scheduled for release in 2026.

In 2012, Kraus became the Booklist Books for Youth editor at the American book review magazine, Booklist.

Kraus was born June 7, 1975, in Midland, Michigan, and grew up in Fairfield, Iowa. He lives in Chicago with his wife.

Midland, Michigan
Midland is a city in Midland County, Michigan, United States, and its county seat. The population was 42,547 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Midland metropolitan statistical area, part of the larger Saginaw-Midland-Bay City combined statistical area. The city is bordered by Midland Township, though the two are administered separately.

Midland is located at the confluence of Chippewa and Tittabawassee rivers in Central Michigan. The city is home to the headquarters of Dow Chemical Company, one of the largest chemical producers in the world, which was founded by Herbert Henry Dow in the city in 1897. The city is also home to Midland Center for the Arts and Northwood University.
Wayne Connelly
Wayne Francis Connelly (born December 16, 1939) is a Canadian former ice hockey right winger who played in the National Hockey League with the Boston Bruins, Montreal Canadiens, Minnesota North Stars, Detroit Red Wings, St. Louis Blues, and Vancouver Canucks and finished his career in the World Hockey Association (WHA). Connelly was born in Rouyn, Quebec, and grew up in Kirkland Lake, Ontario.

Minnesota North Stars
The Minnesota North Stars were a professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL) for 26 seasons, from 1967 to 1993. The North Stars played their home games at the Met Center in Bloomington, Minnesota, and the team's colors for most of its history were green, yellow, gold and white. The North Stars played 2,062 regular season games and made the NHL playoffs 17 times, including two Stanley Cup Final appearances, where they were defeated by the New York Islanders in 1981 and the Pittsburgh Penguins in 1991. After the 1992–93 season, the franchise moved to Dallas, and the team was renamed the Dallas Stars.
1965 New Year Honours
The New Year Honours 1965 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. They were announced in supplements to the London Gazette of 29 December 1964 to celebrate the year passed and mark the beginning of 1965.

At this time honours for Australians were awarded both in the United Kingdom honours, on the advice of the premiers of Australian states, and also in a separate Australia honours list.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Nigerian Army
The Nigerian Army (NA) is the land force of the Nigerian Armed Forces. It is the largest component of the Nigerian Armed Forces. The President of Nigeria is the Commander-in-Chief of the Nigerian Army, and its professional head is the Chief of Army Staff, who is the highest ranking military officer of the Nigerian Army.  It is governed by the Nigerian Army Council (NAC). The Nigerian Army is operationally and geographically divided into ten divisions, the basic field formation. The army has been involved in operations throughout the country, most especially during the Nigerian Civil War, and has undertaken major operations abroad. Nigerian Army officers have served as chiefs of defence in other countries, with Brigadier General Maxwell Khobe serving as Sierra Leone chief of staff in 1998–1999, and Nigerian officers acting as Command Officer-in-Charge of the Armed Forces of Liberia from at least 2007.
Guild, Missouri
Guild is an unincorporated community in southeast Texas County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community was located on a ridge just west of Stillhouse Branch and approximately 1⁄2 mile (0.80 kilometers) south of the South Prong Jacks Fork. The community of Hattie was about 1+1⁄2 miles (2.4 km) to the northeast on the South Prong. Access is via Missouri Route NN from Howell County and Mt. Olive Road. The former Mt. Olive School was located to the east across Stillhouse Branch.

Missouri supplemental route
A supplemental route is a state secondary road in the U.S. state of Missouri, designated with letters. Supplemental routes were various roads within the state which the Missouri Department of Transportation was given in 1952 to maintain in addition to the regular routes, though lettered routes had been in use from at least 1932. The four types of roads designated as Routes are:

Farm to market roads

Roads to state parks

Former alignments of U.S. or state highways

Short routes connecting state highways from other states to routes in Missouri

Supplemental routes make up 19,064 miles (30,681 km) (59%) of the state highway system.
Yakir Aharonov
Yakir Aharonov ForMemRS (Hebrew: יקיר אהרונוב; born August 28, 1932) is an Israeli physicist specializing in quantum physics. He has been a Professor of Theoretical Physics and the James J. Farley Professor of Natural Philosophy at Chapman University in California since 2008. He was a distinguished professor in the Perimeter Institute between 2009-2012 and is a professor emeritus at Tel Aviv University and at University of South Carolina. He is president of the IYAR, The Israeli Institute for Advanced Research.

In June 2024 he was elected to serve in the Royal Society of London.

Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics (PI, Perimeter, PITP) is an independent research centre in foundational theoretical physics located in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. It was founded in 1999. The institute's founding and major benefactor is Canadian entrepreneur and philanthropist Mike Lazaridis.

The original building, designed by Saucier + Perrotte, opened in 2004 and was awarded a Governor General's Medal for Architecture in 2006. The Stephen Hawking Centre, designed by Teeple Architects, was opened in 2011 and was LEED Silver certified in 2015.

In addition to research, Perimeter also provides scientific training and educational outreach activities to the general public. This is done in part through Perimeter's Educational Outreach team.