hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sandy James
Sandra James (born 1990) is an American softball player. She attended Sabine High School in Gladewater, Texas. She later attended Angelo State University for one year, before transferring to Texas Tech University, where she played first base and catcher for the Texas Tech Red Raiders softball team. She holds the single-season record for home runs at both Angelo State and Texas Tech.

Gladewater, Texas
Gladewater is a city in Gregg and Upshur Counties in the U.S. state of Texas, with a 2020 census population of 6,134.

In the early 20th century, Gladewater was an oil boom town. In 1995, the Texas Legislature proclaimed it the "Antique Capital of East Texas".
Asad Chowdhury
Asad Chowdhury (11 February 1943 – 5 October 2023) was a Bangladeshi poet, writer, translator, radio, television personality, journalist, and cultural activist. He was awarded the Ekushey Padak in 2013 and the Bangla Academy Literary Award in 1987.

Bangla Academy Literary Award
The Bangla Academy Literary Award (Bengali: বাংলা একাডেমি সাহিত্য পুরস্কার; Bangla Academy Shahitya Puroshkar) is given by the Bangla Academy of Bangladesh in recognition of creative genius in advancement and overall contribution in the field of Bengali language and literature.

It was introduced in 1960 and recognized six categories: poetry, novels, short stories, essays, children's literature and translation. Beginning in 1985, two more awards were introduced to recognize overall contributions to Bengali language and literature.

At present, the Bangla Academy award is given in three fields:

Poetry, novel, and short story

Research, essay, and science

Translation, drama, and juvenile literature
Armin Tehrany
Armin M. Tehrany is an American orthopaedic surgeon, assistant clinical professor of orthopedic surgery at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City, and film producer.

He is a board-certified orthopedic surgeon specializing in conditions of the shoulder and knee including rotator cuff tears, labrum tears, meniscus tears, cartilage lesions, patella dislocations, and tears of the anterior cruciate ligament. He specializes in minimally-invasive, arthroscopic surgery of the shoulder and knee.

Tehrany is the author of a number of articles and was listed among New York Magazine's "Best Doctors" for 2016. Castle Connolly listed him twice among New York's "Top Doctors".

In 2015, Tehrany became an executive producer of the feature film Birth of A Nation – a biopic about Nat Turner, the leader of the slave rebellion in 1831.

Patella
The patella (pl.: patellae or patellas), also known as the kneecap, is a flat, rounded triangular bone which articulates with the femur (thigh bone) and covers and protects the anterior articular surface of the knee joint. The patella is found in many tetrapods, such as mice, cats, birds, and dogs, but not in whales, or most reptiles.

In humans, the patella is the largest sesamoid bone (i.e., embedded within a tendon or a muscle) in the body. Babies are born with a patella of soft cartilage which begins to ossify into bone at about four years of age.
Arboretum de la Sédelle
The Arboretum de la Sédelle (10 hectares) is a private arboretum located in Villejoint, Crozant, Creuse, Limousin, France. It is open several afternoons a week in the warmer months; an admission fee is charged.

The arboretum was established in 1980 by Nell and Philippe Wanty on wooded lands along the Sédelle river valley. Maples were the first plantings. Today the arboretum has grown to contain more than 370 taxa of woody plants, including major collections of Acer (130 taxa including 90 species and subspecies, with the remainder cultivars), Viburnum (27 taxa), Quercus (27), Cornus (23), Euonymus (15), Rhus (10), Tilia (9), and Liquidambar (4).

Sumac
Sumac or sumach (/ˈsuːmæk, ˈʃuː-/ S(H)OO-mak, UK also /ˈsjuː-/)—not to be confused with poison sumac—is any of the roughly 35 species of flowering plants in the genus Rhus (and related genera) of the cashew and mango tree family, Anacardiaceae. However, it is Rhus coriaria that is most commonly used for culinary purposes. Sumac is prized as a spice—especially in Iranian cuisine, and other Eastern cuisines—and used as a dye and holistic remedy. The plants grow in subtropical and temperate regions, on nearly every continent except Antarctica and South America.
It holds cultural significance as a symbolic item on the Haft-sin table during Nowruz, the Persian New Year.
Scleropages
Scleropages, the Asia-Pacific arowanas, is a genus of fish in the family Osteoglossidae found in Asia and Australia. All of these species are carnivorous and have great jumping ability. Fossil evidence supports their former presence in Europe & Africa.

Carnivore
A carnivore /ˈkɑːrnɪvɔːr/, or meat-eater (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning meat or flesh and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose nutrition and energy requirements are met by consumption of animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other soft tissues) as food, whether through predation or scavenging.
L. V. Revanth
L. V. Revanth (born 10 February 1990),  is an Indian playback singer who primarily records songs for Telugu films. He has sung around 200 songs for Telugu films. His notable works include "Vey Vey Debbaku Debba" (from Rajanna), "Ruler" (from Dammu), "Manohari" (from Baahubali: The Beginning) and "Telisiney Na Nuvvey" (from Arjun Reddy). He is the recipient of an IIFA Utsavam Award and a Santosham Award.

Before gaining success in his singing career, Revanth had earlier participated in television singing shows, including Super Singer, Indian Idol and Saptaswaralu. He is the winner of the reality show Bigg Boss 6.

Playback singer
A playback singer, as they are usually known in South Asian cinema, or ghost singer in Western cinema, is a vocalist whose performance is pre-recorded for use in film. Playback singers record songs for soundtracks, and the actors lip-sync the songs for camera; the actual playback singer does not get filmed or appear on screen. Generally, to synchronise with the emotional situation of the song or complete film, the playback singer is given an idea or emotional context of that part of the film so that they can interpret by taking the right moves in their vocals.
Earl of Rothes
Earl of Rothes (pronounced "Roth-es") is a title in the Peerage of Scotland, first created in 1458 for George Leslie, 1st Lord Leslie. The heir apparent to the earldom uses the courtesy title Lord Leslie. The Earls of Rothes are the hereditary chiefs of Clan Leslie, with their family seat at Littlecroft, near West Milton, Dorset.

Scottish clan chief
The Scottish Gaelic word clann means children. In early times, and possibly even today, Scottish clan members believed themselves to descend from a common ancestor, the founder of the clan, after whom the clan is named. The clan chief (ceannard cinnidh) is the representative of this founder, and represents the clan. In the Scottish clan system, a chief is greater than a chieftain (ceann-cinnidh), a designation applied to heads of branches of a clan. Scottish clans that no longer have a clan chief are referred to as armigerous clans.
Gaston 19
Gaston 19, written and drawn by Franquin, is the last album of the Gaston Lagaffe series ever published. It was published in December 1999, after Franquin's death, by Marsu Productions. It has 44 pages.

André Franquin
André Franquin (French: [fʁɑ̃kɛ̃]; 3 January 1924 – 5 January 1997) was an influential Belgian comics artist, whose best-known creations are Gaston and Marsupilami. He also produced the Spirou et Fantasio comic strip from 1946 to 1968, a period seen by many as the series' golden age.
Christopher J. Wiernicki
Christopher J. Wiernicki (born September 29, 1958) is a naval architect, engineer, and businessperson. He was President and CEO of ABS, an international classification organization, from 2011 to 2012; Chairman, President and CEO from 2013 to 2023 and was Chairman and CEO from 2024 until his retirement on December 31, 2025. He has served as a member of the White House National Infrastructure Advisory Council (NIAC).

Naval architecture
Naval architecture, or naval engineering, is an engineering discipline incorporating elements of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software and safety engineering as applied to the engineering design process, shipbuilding, maintenance, and operation of marine vessels and structures. Naval architecture involves basic and applied research, design, development, design evaluation (classification) and calculations during all stages of the life of a marine vehicle. Preliminary design of the vessel, its detailed design, construction, trials, operation and maintenance, launching and dry-docking are the main activities involved. Ship design calculations are also required for ships being modified (by means of conversion, rebuilding, modernization, or repair). Naval architecture also involves formulation of safety regulations and damage-control rules and the approval and certification of ship designs to meet statutory and non-statutory requirements.
Marek Kalivoda
Marek Kalivoda (born 2 August 1974) is a Czech former football player who has also worked as a football manager. He is currently the manager of FK Fotbal Třinec in the Czech National Football League.

Having previously served as the team's coach for the youth team, Kalivoda was appointed as the manager of Zlín, replacing Ladislav Minář in the summer of 2010. Having spent seven years with Zlín, Kalivoda left the club upon the expiry of his contract in 2011. He took over at Karviná in March 2012. In October 2012 he returned to Zlin.

Czech National Football League
The Czech National Football League (Czech: Fotbalová národní liga, FNL), known as Chance Národní Liga due to sponsorship reasons, is the second level professional association football league in the Czech Republic. Before 2013 it was known as 2. liga or Druhá liga. The top team each season is eligible for promotion to the Czech First League, while the second and third placed teams enter play offs for possible promotion.

The league replaced the I.ČNL (I. Česká národní liga; First Czech National League), which had been established following the end of the nationwide Czechoslovak Second League in 1977. The league became known as simply II. liga (Second League) in 1993 following the establishment of the Czech Republic as an independent state.
Sharif Hikmat Nashashibi
Sharif Hikmat Nashashibi is a London-based journalist, analyst on Arab affairs, and co-founder and chairman of Arab Media Watch, a media watchdog organization that monitors and responds to British media coverage of the Arab world.

Watchdog journalism
Watchdog journalism is a form of investigative journalism in which journalists, authors or publishers of a news publication fact-check and interview political and public figures to increase accountability in democratic governance systems.
2024 BAL playoffs
The 2024 BAL playoffs was the postseason tournament of the 2024 BAL season which determined the champions of the 4th Basketball Africa League (BAL) season. The playoffs began on 24 May 2024 with the seeding games and finished on 1 June 2024 with the final. For a fourth consecutive season, the playoffs were hosted in the BK Arena in Kigali. It was the first playoff season that included seeding games, that were used to determine the final match-ups in the quarterfinals.

The eight games in the 2024 BAL play-offs attracted an average attendance of 4,744. All eight games took place at the BK Arena in Kigali, Rwanda.

Samkelo Cele
Samkelo Brian Cele (born 28 December 1997) is a South African professional basketball player who plays for Petro de Luanda of the Basketball Africa League (BAL). Born in Durban, he played college basketball for three different universities. Cele began playing professionally in 2023 and was an All-BAL First Team selection in 2024, and is a two-time BAL All-Defensive Team selection, all while playing for the Tigers.
Dolforwyn Castle
Dolforwyn Castle (Welsh: Castell Dolforwyn) is a Welsh medieval castle above the village of Abermule, Powys. The fortification was established by Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Gwynedd in the late 13th century. It is sited on a wooded ridge commanding excellent views of the upper Severn Valley.

Dolforwyn Castle is a fine example of a native Welsh castle design as opposed to those built by the Cambro-Normans during the Norman invasion of Wales.

Severn Valley
The Severn Valley is a rural area of the West Midlands region of England, through which the River Severn runs and the Severn Valley Railway steam heritage line operates, starting at its northernmost point in Bridgnorth, Shropshire and running south for 16 miles (26 km) to Ribbesford, a few miles south of Bewdley, Worcestershire in the Wyre Forest.

The area is about 25 miles (40 km) due west of Birmingham.

There is also use of this term to apply to areas around the River Severn as far south as Gloucester, and as far north as Ironbridge. To the north of Bridgnorth, the land to the sides of the river becomes much steeper, and the upstream part is known as Ironbridge Gorge. From Stourport-on-Severn south to Gloucester, the riverside has a much larger flood plain and loses its distinctive "valley" hillsides found a few miles north in Bewdley. To the south of Gloucester, it becomes the Vale of Berkeley and then the Severn Estuary.
Torrenova
Torrenova (Sicilian: Turrinova) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Messina in the Italian region Sicily, located about 130 kilometres (81 mi) east of Palermo and about 80 kilometres (50 mi) west of Messina. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 5,635 and an area of 13.0 square kilometres (5.0 sq mi).

Torrenova borders the following municipalities: Capo d'Orlando, Capri Leone, Militello Rosmarino, San Marco d'Alunzio, Sant'Agata di Militello.

Province of Messina
The province of Messina (Italian: provincia di Messina; Sicilian: pruvincia di Missina) was a province in the autonomous island region of Sicily, Italy. Its capital was the city of Messina. It was replaced by the Metropolitan City of Messina.
Figeac station
Figeac is a railway station in Figeac, Occitanie, France. The station is a keilbahnhof, situated at the junction of the Brive–Toulouse (via Capdenac) railway and Figeac–Arvant railway lines. The station is served by Intercités de nuit (night train) and TER (local) services operated by SNCF.

The station was mostly destroyed by a fire of mysterious origin overnight on 21–22 November 2018. Despite the efforts of around fifty firefighters from Figeac and surrounding areas, the station's smoke-stained walls were pretty much all that remained standing. An inquiry ruled the fire as "accidental," but questions remain. Reconstruction of the station began in 2021, and it re-opened to passengers in 2023.

The station itself is located south of the river Célé, near the Hotel de Ville. It is easily accessed from the N122 and several departmental routes.

Célé
The Célé (French pronunciation: [sele]) is a 104.4 km (64.9 mi) long river in the Cantal and Lot departments in south-western France, a tributary of the Lot. Its source is near Calvinet in the Cantal. It flows generally west through the following departments and towns:

Cantal: Saint-Constant

Lot: Bagnac-sur-Célé, Figeac

The Célé flows into the Lot at Bouziès.
All in All Azhagu Raja
All in All Azhagu Raja (transl. All in All Handsome King) is a 2013 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film written and directed by M. Rajesh. The film stars Karthi in a dual roles with Prabhu, Kajal Aggarwal, Santhanam, Radhika Apte, and Saranya Ponvannan  in the supporting roles. The music was composed by S. Thaman with cinematography by Sakthi Saravanan and editing by Vivek Harshan. The film was released on 2 November 2013, coinciding with Diwali, and received negative reviews from critics.

Dual role
A dual role (also known as a double role) is an instance of one actor playing two roles in a single production. Dual roles (or a larger number of roles for an actor) may be deliberately written into a script, or may instead be a choice made during production, often due to a low budget. In film and television, dual roles are often used for comic effect, or to depict identical twins or other relatives. In a theatrical production where more than one actor plays multiple characters, it is sometimes referred to as an "Ironman" cast.
Dunnockshaw
Dunnockshaw or Dunnockshaw and Clowbridge is a civil parish in the borough of Burnley, in Lancashire, England. The parish is situated between Burnley and Rawtenstall. According to the United Kingdom Census 2011, the parish had a population of 185.

It contains the hamlets of Clowbridge and Dunnockshaw, both located on the A682 road. Clowbridge Reservoir is situated in the east of parish on the boundary with Rossendale. The reservoir, operated by United Utilities, is used as a location for water sports. It was built in 1866 resulting in the de-population of the village of Gambleside.

The parish adjoins the Burnley parishes of Hapton and Habergham Eaves and the Gambleside and Loveclough areas of the Borough of Rossendale.

Borough of Rossendale
Rossendale (/ˈrɒzəndeɪl/) is a local government district with borough status in Lancashire, England. Its council is based in Bacup and its largest town is Rawtenstall. It also includes the towns of Haslingden and Whitworth. The borough is named after the Rossendale Valley, the upper part of the valley of the River Irwell.

The neighbouring districts are Burnley, Hyndburn, Blackburn with Darwen, Bury, Bolton, Calderdale and Rochdale.
Loopless algorithm
In computational combinatorics, a loopless algorithm or loopless imperative algorithm is an imperative algorithm that generates successive combinatorial objects, such as partitions, permutations, and combinations, in constant time and the first object in linear time. The objects must be immediately available in simple form without requiring any additional steps.

A loopless functional algorithm is a functional algorithm that takes the form unfoldr step • prolog where step takes constant time and prolog takes linear time in the size of the input.  The standard function unfoldr is a right-associative Bird unfold.

Anamorphism
In computer programming, an anamorphism is a function that generates a sequence by repeated application of the function to its previous result. You begin with some value A and apply a function f to it to get B. Then you apply f to B to get C, and so on until some terminating condition is reached. The anamorphism is the function that generates the list of A, B, C, etc. You can think of the anamorphism as unfolding the initial value into a sequence.

The above layman's description can be stated more formally in category theory: the anamorphism of a coinductive type denotes the assignment of a coalgebra to its unique morphism to the final coalgebra of an endofunctor. These objects are used in functional programming as unfolds.

The categorical dual (the function most naturally considered the "opposite") of the anamorphism is the catamorphism.
Sayles Memorial Hall
Sayles Memorial Hall is a Richardsonian Romanesque hall on the central campus of Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. The granite structure was designed by Alpheus C. Morse and constructed from 1879 to 1881.

Richardsonian Romanesque
Richardsonian Romanesque is a style of Romanesque Revival architecture named after the American architect Henry Hobson Richardson (1838–1886). The revival style incorporates 11th- and 12th-century southern French, Spanish, and Italian Romanesque characteristics. Richardson first used elements of the style in his Richardson Olmsted Complex in Buffalo, New York, designed in 1870, and Trinity Church in Boston is his most well-known example of this medieval revival style. Multiple architects followed in this style in the late 19th century; Richardsonian Romanesque later influenced modern styles of architecture as well.
Participle (Ancient Greek)
The Ancient Greek participle is a non-finite nominal verb form declined for gender, number and case (thus, it is a verbal adjective) and has many functions in Ancient Greek. It can be active, middle or passive and can be used in the present, future, aorist and perfect tense; these tenses normally represent not absolute time but only time relative to the main verb of the sentence. In general, as it shows no personal endings, its main use is to express an action or situation that accompanies the action or situation expressed by the main verb.

Adjective
An adjective (abbreviated ADJ) is a word that describes or defines a noun or noun phrase. Its semantic role is to change information given by the noun.
The adjective is considered one of the main parts of speech of the English language, although historically they were classed together with nouns. Nowadays, certain words that usually had been classified as adjectives, including the, this, my, etc., typically are classed separately, as determiners.

Examples:

That used to be an immensely funny idea. (Prepositive attributive)

That idea is funny. (Predicative)

Tell me something funny. (Postpositive attributive)

The good, the bad, and the funny. (Substantive)

Clara Oswald, completely funny, died three times. (Appositive)
Johannes Cornelius Theodorus Uphof
Cornelius Johannes Theodoor Uphof (1886–1969 ) was a botanist, phycologist, and teacher. Born in the Netherlands, he worked extensively in the University of Arizona, at Tucson.

He was known for initiating the controversy over the taxonomy of Hippeastrum.

Phycology
Phycology (from Ancient Greek  φῦκος (phûkos) 'seaweed' and  -λογία (-logía) 'study of') is the scientific study of algae.  Also known as algology, phycology is a branch of life science.

Algae are important as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. Most algae are eukaryotic, photosynthetic organisms that live in a wet environment. They are distinguished from the higher plants by a lack of true roots, stems or leaves. They do not produce flowers. Many species are single-celled and microscopic (including phytoplankton and other microalgae); many others are multicellular to one degree or another, some of these growing to large size (for example, seaweeds such as kelp and Sargassum).

A number of microscopic algae also occur as symbionts in lichens.

Phycologists typically focus on either freshwater or ocean algae, and further within those areas, either diatoms or soft algae.
1904 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team
The 1904 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team was an American football team that represented New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts (now known as New Mexico State University) as an independent during the 1904 college football season.  In their fifth year under head coach John O. Miller, the Aggies compiled a 1–2–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 42 to 33. The team played home games on College Field, later renamed Miller Field in honor of coach Miller.

1904 college football season
The 1904 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Michigan, Minnesota, and Penn as having been selected national champions.

1904 was a big year for the South. It was the first year for: Dan McGugin at Vanderbilt, Mike Donahue at Auburn, and John Heisman at Georgia Tech.
Forni Dolostone
The Forni Dolostone, also known as the Dolomia di Forni, is a Late Triassic (Norian, or Alaunian in the local biochronology) dolomite geological formation in northeastern Italy. The formation was deposited in a lagoonal to shallow marine environment.

Biochronology
In paleontology, biochronology is the correlation in time of biological events using fossils. In its strict sense, it refers to the use of assemblages of fossils that are not tied to stratigraphic sections (in contrast to biostratigraphy, where they are). Collections of land mammal ages have been defined for every continent except Antarctica, and most are correlated with each other indirectly through known evolutionary lineages. A combination of argon–argon dating and magnetic stratigraphy allows a direct temporal comparison of terrestrial events with climate variations and mass extinctions.