hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Allium galanthum
Allium galanthum is an Asian species of onion in the amaryllis family, commonly called the snowdrop onion. It is native to Xinjiang, Mongolia, Altay Krai, and Kazakhstan. It grows at elevations of 500–1,500 m (1,600–4,900 ft).

Allium galanthum forms a cluster of bulbs, each up to 3 cm (1.2 in) in diameter. Scapes are up to 60 cm (24 in) tall. Leaves are tubular, about half as long as the scapes. Umbels are spherical with a large number of white flowers.

Allium galanthum is edible and reportedly has medicinal uses.

Umbel
In botany, an umbel is an inflorescence that consists of a number of short flower stalks (called pedicels) that spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. The word was coined in botanical usage in the 1590s, from Latin umbella "parasol, sunshade". The arrangement can vary from being flat-topped to almost spherical. Umbels can be simple or compound. The secondary umbels of compound umbels are known as umbellules or umbellets. A small umbel is called an umbellule. The arrangement of the inflorescence in umbels is referred to as umbellate, or occasionally subumbellate (almost umbellate).

Umbels are a characteristic of plants such as carrot, parsley, dill, and fennel in the family Apiaceae; ivy, Aralia and Fatsia in the family Araliaceae; and onion (Allium) in the family Alliaceae.

An umbel is a type of indeterminate inflorescence.
A compressed cyme, which is a determinate inflorescence, is called umbelliform if it resembles an umbel.
Chinnada Gombe
Chinnada Gombe (pronunciationⓘ transl. Gold doll) is a 1964 Indian Kannada-language film,  directed and produced by B. R. Panthulu. The film stars Panthulu, Kalyan Kumar, Kalpana, M. V. Rajamma and Jayalalitha. The film has musical score by T. G. Lingappa. The film was simultaneously shot in Tamil as Muradan Muthu, and remade into Hindi as Gopi and in Telugu as Palleturi Chinnodu. This was Jayalalitha's leading debut, having previously acted as a child artiste.

Kalyan Kumar
Kalyan Kumar (7 June 1928 – 1 August 1999) was an Indian actor, as well as an occasional film director and producer, who worked primarily in Kannada and Tamil cinema. Making his acting debut in the mythological drama Natashekara (1954), Kalyan Kumar went on to star in over 200 films in a span of over five decades. He was one of the most sought-after actors in the 1950s through 1970s for lead roles.

Kalyan Kumar has the credit of being the first ever Kannada actor to star in a colour film in Amarashilpi Jakanachari (1963). Alongside Kumar, the 1960s and 1970s in Kannada cinema was dominated by two other actors, Rajkumar and Udayakumar. At a time when actors had a tough time establishing themselves, Kalyan Kumar being successful not only in Kannada cinema, also made a mark in Tamil cinema. Kalyan Kumar along with Udaykumar, Rajkumar were called as "Kumara Thrayaru" (The Kumar Trio) of the Kannada cinema.
Bids for the 2024 and 2028 Summer Olympics
Five bids were initially submitted for the 2024 Summer Olympics. Following withdrawals, two bidding cities—Paris and Los Angeles—were left in the process. In July 2017, the IOC agreed to award the 2024 and 2028 Games simultaneously. Los Angeles agreed to bid for the 2028 Games, effectively ceding the 2024 Games to Paris.

Paris and Los Angeles were officially awarded the Games at the 131st IOC Session in Lima, Peru, on 13 September 2017.

Thomas Bach
Thomas Bach (born 29 December 1953) is a German lawyer, former foil fencer, and Olympic gold medalist. He served as the ninth president of the International Olympic Committee from 2013 to 2025. He was the first ever Olympic champion to be elected to that position. Since 2025, he has served as Honorary President of the International Olympic Committee. Bach is also a former German individual foil champion as well as a team world champion, and former member of the German Olympic Sports Confederation's executive board.
Astragalus pauperculus
Astragalus pauperculus is an uncommon species of milkvetch known by the common name depauperate milkvetch. It is endemic to northern California, where it is known from the northern Sacramento Valley and the lowest reaches of the Cascade foothills adjacent. It grows in chaparral and vernally wet grassland habitat. This is a very small annual milkvetch which grows in a delicate mat with stems no longer than 10 cm (3.9 in). The leaves are a few centimeters long and are made up of small widely spaced leaflets. The inflorescence bears two to seven flowers which are purple, sometimes with paler colored edges on their petals. Each flower is generally less than 1 cm (0.39 in) long. The fruit is a crescent-shaped legume pod between 1 and 2 cm (0.39 and 0.79 in) long.

Chaparral
Chaparral (/ˌʃæpəˈræl, ˌtʃæp-/ SHAP-ə-RAL, CHAP-) is a shrubland plant community found primarily in California, southern Oregon, and northern Baja California, part of the California floristic province. It is shaped by a Mediterranean climate (mild wet winters and hot dry summers) and infrequent, high-intensity crown fires. Many chaparral shrubs have hard sclerophyllous evergreen leaves, as contrasted with the associated soft-leaved, drought-deciduous, scrub community of coastal sage scrub, found often on drier, southern-facing slopes.

Three other closely related chaparral shrubland systems occur in southern Arizona, western Texas, and along the eastern side of central Mexico's mountain chains, all having summer rains in contrast to the Mediterranean climate of other chaparral formations.
Bafut Subdivision
The Bafut Subdivision or the Kingdom/Chiefdom/Fondom of Bafut is a commune in the Mezam Department of Northwest Province, Cameroon. It is located in the Western Grassfields region - a name for the Northwest Province and surrounding grassland areas. Bafut is the most powerful of the traditional kingdoms of the Grassfields, now divided into 26 wards along a 10 kilometre stretch of the "Ring Road" that trails along a ridge above the Menchum Valley.

Bafut is primarily an agrarian region. The major languages of the region are the Bafut language and Cameroonian Pidgin English. Its headquarters are located in the town of Bafut.

Western High Plateau
The Western High Plateau, Western Highlands or Bamenda Grassfields is a region of Cameroon characterised by high relief, cool temperatures, heavy rainfall and savanna vegetation. The region lies along the Cameroon line and consists of mountain ranges and volcanoes made of crystalline and igneous rock. The region borders the South Cameroon Plateau to the southeast, the Adamawa Plateau to the northeast and the Cameroon coastal plain to the south.
Philip Edward Smith
Philip Edward Smith (January 1, 1884 – December 8, 1970) was an American endocrinologist who is best known for his work studying the pituitary gland.
He developed methods for removing pituitary glands from tadpoles and rats and showed that such removal resulted in cessation of growth, and atrophy of other endocrine glands such as the adrenal cortex and the reproductive organs.  After graduating with a PhD in Anatomy from Cornell University in 1912, he joined the Department of Anatomy, Berkeley California until 1926. From 1927 to 1952 he served as Professor of Anatomy at the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University. He served as the 24th president of the Association of American Anatomists from 1940 to 1942. He became a research associate at Stanford University, where he published his last paper in 1963.

American Association for Anatomy
The American Association for Anatomy (AAA) is an international scientific society of biomedical researchers and educators committed to advancing anatomical science through research, education, and professional development. Headquartered in Rockville, Maryland, the association was established in 1888 in Washington, D.C., as the Association of American Anatomists to promote the "advancement of anatomical science." It was renamed in 1908 as the American Association of Anatomists, before adopting its current name in 2019 to reflect the evolving scope of anatomical science and its interdisciplinary reach.

In addition to teaching, AAA members conduct research in a broad range of fields, including imaging, cell biology, genetics, molecular development, endocrinology, histology, neuroscience, forensics, microscopy, and physical anthropology.
1993 Women's Hockey Junior World Cup
The 1993 Women's Hockey Junior World Cup was the second edition of the Women's Hockey Junior World Cup, the quadrennial women's under-21 field hockey world championship organized by the International Hockey Federation. It was held at Atlètic Terrassa Hockey Club in Terrassa, Spain from 7 to 18 September 1993.

Argentina won the tournament for the first time by defeating Australia 2–1 in the final. The defending champions Germany won the bronze medal by defeating South Korea 3–2 after penalty strokes.

Penalty shoot-out (field hockey)
In field hockey, a penalty shootout is a method used to decide which team progresses to the next stage of a tournament (or wins the tournament) following a tied game. Two methods have been used: the original penalty stroke competition is a best-of-five penalty strokes with sudden death if scores were level after five strokes. An alternate penalty shoot-out competition was introduced at major tournaments in 2011. Sometimes known as a penalty shuffle, the method is similar to penalty shots in ice hockey and consists of one-on-ones between an attacking player and a goalkeeper. Up to 2013, up to two 7.5-minute golden goal periods were played first; that method ceased after.
Forced Witness
Forced Witness is the second studio album by Australian musician Alex Cameron. It was released by record label Secretly Canadian on 8 September 2017, and includes songs featuring Brandon Flowers and Angel Olsen. The album is defined by Cameron's characteristic 1980s instrumentation and first-person storytelling. It received moderately positive reviews from critics.

Brandon Flowers
Brandon Richard Flowers (born June 21, 1981) is an American musician. He serves as the co-founder, lead vocalist, primary songwriter, keyboardist, and occasional bassist of the Las Vegas-based rock band the Killers, which he formed with Dave Keuning in 2001.

In addition to his work with the Killers, Flowers has released two solo albums, Flamingo (2010) and The Desired Effect (2015). He has reached number one on the UK Albums Chart ten times, and on the Billboard 200 once (top ten, eight times), including work with the Killers.
1977 Vuelta a España, Prologue to Stage 10
The 1977 Vuelta a España was the 32nd edition of the Vuelta a España, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Vuelta began in Dehesa de Campoamor, with a prologue individual time trial on 26 April, and Stage 10 occurred on 6 May with a stage to Barcelona. The race finished in Miranda de Ebro on 15 May.

Miranda de Ebro
Miranda de Ebro (Spanish: [miˈɾan̪da ðe ˈeβɾo]) is a Spanish municipality belonging to the province of Burgos in the autonomous community of Castile and León. Straddling the Ebro river, near its confluence with the Bayas, the city is located on the northern watershed of the Obarenes Mountains, near the border with the Basque province of Álava and the autonomous community of La Rioja. As of 2 January 2025, the municipality has a registered population of 37,138.

The city has an industrial economy focusing on the chemical industry. Connected to the Meseta Central through the Pancorbo Pass, Miranda is an important transportation hub, served by the AP-1 and AP-68 road routes and the Madrid–Hendaye and Tudela–Bilbao rail routes. Within 80 kilometres (50 miles) are the cities of Bilbao, Burgos, Logroño and Vitoria-Gasteiz.
Ruper Ordorika
Ruper Ordorika, born at Oñati (Gipuzkoa) on 16 August 1956, is a Basque singer-songwriter. He is generally considered one of the greatest renewers of basque songwriting.
He was part of the literary group Pott, with, among others, writers Joseba Sarrionandia, Bernardo Atxaga, J.M. Iturralde.

Bernardo Atxaga
Bernardo Atxaga (born 27 July 1951), pseudonym of Joseba Irazu Garmendia, is a Spanish Basque writer and self-translator.

He is a full member of the Royal Academy of the Basque Language since 2006, in November 2010, he was also named a member of Jakiunde, Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters.
Guba (woreda)
Guba is one of the 20 woredas in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region of Ethiopia. It is named after the former Sultanate of Gubba. Part of the Metekel Zone, Guba is bordered by the Abay River on the south which separates it from the Kamashi Zone, Sudan on the west, Amhara Region on the north, Dangur on the east, and on the southeast by the Beles River, which separates it from Wenbera. Towns in Guba include Mankush. A refugee camp for displaced persons from Sudan operated in this woreda at Yarenja until all of its inhabitants were repatriated and the camp closed 28 March 2007.

Blue Nile
The Blue Nile is a river originating at Lake Tana in Ethiopia. It travels for approximately 1,450 km (900 mi) through Ethiopia and Sudan. Along with the White Nile, it is one of the two major tributaries of the Nile and supplies about 85.6% of the water to the Nile during the rainy season.
Penitenciaría Nacional (Buenos Aires)
In the jurisdiction of the Servicio Penitenciario Federal (SPF), La Penitenciaría Nacional was an imposing building on Las Heras Avenue (named in memoriam of Gral. Juan Gregorio de Las Heras), in the  Palermo neighborhood of Buenos Aires, Argentina, until it was demolished in 1962.

Palermo, Buenos Aires
Palermo is a barrio or neighborhood of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is located in the north of the city, near the Río de la Plata.

It has a total land area of 17.4 km2 and a population of 249,016. It is the only barrio within the administrative division of Comuna 14.

Palermo is perhaps best known as the polo capital of the world. Each year, in November, the city hosts the Argentine Polo Open, commonly known as the Palermo Open.
Wang Zhonglin (politician)
Wang Zhonglin (Chinese: 王忠林; pinyin: Wáng Zhōnglín; born 13 August 1962) is a Chinese politician, currently serving as Party Secretary of Hubei. Previously he served as Party Secretary of Wuhan, and before that he served as Party Secretary of Jinan and a Shandong provincial party standing committee member. Wang is a delegate to the 13th National People's Congress.

13th National People's Congress
The 13th National People's Congress (NPC) was elected from October 2017 to February 2018 and was in session in the five-year period from 2018 to 2023. It held five sessions in this period, occurring around early March every year until before 2023, when the 14th National People's Congress first convened.
Minimum high regard
Minimum high regard is both a legal procedural, and a euphemistically  disparaging,  term of art, in the U. S. Senate. Its initial sense in that body is in a rule about speech among members, intended to ensure "comity" and mutual politeness in statements by them as part of formal  sessions of that body. Nevertheless, it has been used with lawyerly but also lawyerish and thereby ironic insinuation as a term of disparagement,  in effect flouting that very rule. The irony reflects the arguably ambiguous intent of "minimum", since tone or context easily connote, the presumably intended meaning of

"no less than what is obviously required",

but the ironic and significantly sarcastic,

"only to the insignificant degree, which the teethless rule pretends to be remotely capable of enforcing".

Comity
In law, comity is "a principle or practice among political entities such as countries, states, or courts of different jurisdictions, whereby legislative, executive, and judicial acts are mutually recognized." It is an informal and non-mandatory courtesy to which a court of one jurisdiction affords to the court of another jurisdiction when determining questions where the law or interests of another country are involved. Comity is founded on the concept of sovereign equality among states and is expected to be reciprocal.
2018 Racquetball World Championships – Women's singles
The International Racquetball Federation's 19th Racquetball World Championships were held in San José, Costa Rica from August 10 to 18. This was the first time Worlds had been in Costa Rica, and the first time a Central American country hosted the event.

In 2016, Mexican Paola Longoria won her third World Championship in women's singles, which tied her with Cheryl Gudinas and Michelle Gould for most World Championships in women's singles. Gabriela Martinez of Guatemala was Longoria's opponent in the final, and she was a surprise finalist, as she was only 16 years old, although she was the World Junior Champion in girl's U16. Also, neither American player - Michelle Key or Rhonda Rajsich - made the podium, which was the first time an American woman had not finished in the top three in World Championship history.

Cheryl Gudinas
Cheryl Gudinas (born May 11, 1967) is an American retired racquetball player. Gudinas won three [www.internationalracquetball.com International Racquetball Federation] (IRF) World Championships in Women’s Singles (2000, 2002, 2004), and was the #1 player on the women's pro racquetball tour from 2000-2004, finishing in the top 10 on tour a record 21 seasons.
Henry Moncrieff Smith
Sir Henry Moncrieff Smith CIE (23 December 1873 – 21 November 1951) was a British administrator in India.

Smith was educated at Blundell's School and Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. He joined the Indian Civil Service in 1897 and was posted to the United Provinces, where he served as a judge from 1908 to 1914. In 1915 he was appointed Deputy Secretary of the Legislative Department of the Government of India, and became Joint Secretary in 1919 and Secretary in 1921. He was the first Secretary of the Council of State, from 1921 to 1923. He then served as Secretary of the Central Legislative Assembly from 1921 to 1924, and in 1924 became the second President of the Council of State. He retired in 1932.

He was appointed Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) in the 1920 New Year Honours and was knighted in 1923.

Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge
Sidney Sussex College (historically known as "Sussex College" and today referred to informally as "Sidney") is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in England. The College was founded in 1596 under the terms of the will of Frances Sidney, Countess of Sussex (1531–1589), wife of Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex, and named after its foundress. In her will, Lady Sidney left the sum of £5,000 together with some plate to found a new College at Cambridge University "to be called the Lady Frances Sidney Sussex College". Her executors Sir John Harington and Henry Grey, 6th Earl of Kent, supervised by Archbishop John Whitgift, founded the Protestant College seven years after her death.

Sidney Sussex is one of the smaller colleges at Cambridge, with its sister college being St John's College, Oxford. The student body comprises approximately 355 undergraduates, 275 postgraduates, and around 80 fellows.
Trillium pusillum
Trillium pusillum is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae known by the common names dwarf trillium, least trillium and dwarf wakerobin. It is native to the southeastern and south-central United States from Oklahoma to Maryland.

Melanthiaceae
Melanthiaceae, also called the bunchflower family, is a family of flowering herbaceous perennial plants native to the Northern Hemisphere. Along with many other lilioid monocots, early authors considered members of this family to belong to the family Liliaceae, in part because both their sepals and petals closely resemble each other and are often large and showy like those of lilies, while some more recent taxonomists have placed them in a family Trilliaceae. The most authoritative modern treatment, however, the APG III system of 2009 (unchanged from the 2003 APG II system and the 1998 APG system), places the family in the order Liliales, in the clade monocots. Circumscribed in this way, the family includes up to 17 genera.

Familiar members of the family include the genera Paris and Trillium.
Sigurd Fasting
Sigurd Fasting (12 May 1921 – 11 March 1982) was a Norwegian philologist specializing in Russian studies.

He was born in Kristiania, but grew up in Hønefoss. After finishing his secondary education there in 1940, he enrolled at the University of Oslo.

He finally took the cand.philol. degree in 1949 and was hired at the University Library of Bergen in 1950. Contributing to the foundation of the Institute of Russian Studies, he also took the dr.philos. degree in 1970 with the thesis about Vissarion Belinsky; V. G. Belinskij. Die Entwicklung seiner Literaturtheorie. I. Die Wirklichkeit ein Ideal. From 1970 to his death he was a professor at the University of Bergen. He was also vice dean of the Faculty of Humanities from 1974 to 1976, member of the interim board at the University of Tromsø, and a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.

Fasting resided at Paradis. He was hit by a bus in downtown Bergen in March 1982 and died at Haukeland Hospital.

Hønefoss
Hønefoss is a town and the administrative center of the municipality of Ringerike in Buskerud county, Norway. Hønefoss is an industrial center of inner Østlandet, containing several factories and other industry. As of 1 January 2022, Hønefoss had 16,547 inhabitants.
Between 1852 and 1964, the town was an independent municipality.

Hønefoss received town status and was separated from Norderhov into its own municipality in 1852. The town was built around the Hønefossen waterfall, from which the city derives its name. In 1964, Hønefoss ceased being a separate municipality and became part of Ringerike, where the town became its administrative center.

Hønefoss is a natural trading center for the populations of Ringerike, Hole, and Jevnaker. It is an inland town and a central hub in eastern Norway.
Komorniki, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Komorniki [kɔmɔrˈniki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kluczewsko, within Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) east of Kluczewsko, 10 km (6 mi) north of Włoszczowa, and 46 km (29 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.

Włoszczowa County
Włoszczowa County (Polish: powiat włoszczowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Włoszczowa, which lies 46 kilometres (29 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.

The county covers an area of 906.38 square kilometres (350.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 45,137, out of which the population of Włoszczowa is 9,985, and the rural population is 35,152.