hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heimin
Heimin (平民) is the Japanese word for commoner. The word first came into use towards the end of the Edo period to denote people who were born without any social privileges, contrasting them with shizoku. Heimin mostly consisted of farmers, artisans and merchants.

Artisan
An artisan (from French: artisan, Italian: artigiano) is a skilled craft worker who makes or creates material objects partly or entirely by hand. These objects may be functional or strictly decorative, for example furniture, decorative art, sculpture, clothing, food items, household items, and tools and mechanisms such as the handmade clockwork movement of a watchmaker. Artisans practice a craft and may through experience and aptitude reach the expressive levels of an artist.
Konrad von Altstetten
Konrad von Altstetten (fl. 1320–1327) was a German petty nobleman and  Middle High German lyric poet in the Minnesang (courtly love) tradition. He belonged to a family of vassals of the Abbey of Saint Gall, based in Altstätten. His poetry, light in style, was influenced by Gottfried von Neifen. Three of his songs are preserved in the Codex Manesse.

Minnesang
Minnesang (German: [ˈmɪnəzaŋ] ⓘ; "Love song") was a tradition of German lyric- and song-writing that flourished in the Middle High German period (12th to 14th centuries). The name derives from minne, the Middle High German word for love, as that was Minnesang's main subject. People who wrote and performed Minnesang were known as Minnesänger (German: [ˈmɪnəˌzɛŋɐ] ⓘ), and a single song was called a Minnelied (German: [ˈmɪnəˌliːt] ⓘ). The Minnesänger are comparable to the Occitan troubadours and northern French trouvères, but they are "an original German contribution to courtly lyric."
Rockferry (song)
"Rockferry" is the debut single by British singer Duffy, written by Duffy and Bernard Butler. It is the first track on the album of the same name. The music video for Rockferry was filmed in Porthmadog.

Bernard Butler
Bernard Joseph Butler (born 1 May 1970) is an English musician, songwriter and record producer. He is best known for being the guitarist for the band Suede from 1989 to 1994, appearing on the albums Suede (1993) and Dog Man Star (1994). He would leave the band midway through the recording of the latter.

Butler has been hailed by some critics as the greatest guitarist of his generation; BBC journalist Mark Savage called him "one of Britain's most original and influential guitarists". He was voted the 24th greatest guitarist of the last 30 years in a national 2010 BBC poll and is often seen performing with a 1961 cherry red Gibson ES-355 TD SV (Stereo Varitone) with a Bigsby vibrato tailpiece.
The Melody Man
The Melody Man is a 1930 American pre-Code drama musical film produced and distributed by Columbia Pictures. This film is important historically as being Columbia's first sound feature to feature color. The first reel of the film was photographed in the Technicolor process. It was directed by Roy William Neill and starred John St. Polis, Alice Day and William Collier, Jr. The story is based on a Broadway play by Herbert Fields.

Roy William Neill
Roy William Neill (born Roland de Gostrie, 4 September 1887 – 14 December 1946) was an Irish-born American film director best known for producing and directing almost all of the Sherlock Holmes films starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, made between 1943 and 1946 and released by Universal Pictures.
2006 Special Honours (New Zealand)
The 2006 Special Honours in New Zealand was a Special Honours List, published in New Zealand on 3 August 2006 and effective from the previous day. Appointments were made to the Queen's Service Order to recognise the outgoing governor-general, Dame Silvia Cartwright, and vice-regal consort, Peter Cartwright.

Crown Honours Lists
Crown Honours Lists are lists of honours conferred upon citizens of the Commonwealth realms. The awards are presented by or in the name of the reigning monarch, currently King Charles III, or his vice-regal representative.
Janić
Janić is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adrienne Janic (born 1974), American actress and TV host of Serbian origin

Mićo Janić (born 1979), Croatian sprint canoeist

Milan Janić (1957–2003), Serbian sprint canoeist

Saša Janić (born 1975), Croatian former football player

Stjepan Janić (born 1980), Croatian sprint canoeist

Vlado Janić (1904–1991), Croatian communist and partisan

Milan Janić
Milan Janić (Serbian Cyrillic: Милан Јанић; 14 June 1957 in Bačka Palanka - 1 January 2003 in Belgrade) was a Serbian sprint canoeist who competed from the late 1970s to the mid-1980s for Yugoslavia. Competing in two Summer Olympics, he won a silver medal in the K-1 1000 m event at Los Angeles in 1984.

Janić also won six medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with three golds (K-1 10000 m: 1978, 1979, 1982) and three silvers (K-1 1000 m: 1978, K-1 1000 m: 1981, 1983).

Janić had two sons and a daughter, all of whom also became accomplished canoeists:

Mićo Janić (b. 1979; competed for FR Yugoslavia in the late 1990s, and for Croatia after 2004)

Stjepan Janić (b. 1980; competed for FR Yugoslavia and switched to Croatia in 2004, appearing in the 2008 Beijing Olympics)

Nataša Janić (b. 1982; competed for FR Yugoslavia at the 2000 Olympics, later represented Hungary at the next four Olympics (2004, 2008, 2012, 2016) and won six medals)
Jacob Ellison
Jacob Ellison (born 25 February 1985 in Wellington, New Zealand) is a New Zealand rugby union footballer who plays for Fukuoka Sanix Blues in the Japanese Top League. He plays the position of prop. He has previously played for Wellington in the ITM Cup and the Hurricanes and Highlanders in Super Rugby.

Ellison made his Wellington debut in 2007 and his Hurricanes debut a year later. After four years with the Hurricanes, he played for the Highlanders in 2012. He was delisted at the end of the season after making only one competition appearance.

Ellison is a graduate of Victoria University of Wellington. He is a member of Ngāti Porou. He is the younger brother of All Black Tamati Ellison and the grandson of the All Black Vincent Bevan.

Ngāti Porou
Ngāti Porou is a Māori iwi traditionally located in the East Cape and Gisborne regions of the North Island of New Zealand. It has the second-largest affiliation of any iwi, behind Ngāpuhi, with an estimated 102,480 people according to the 2023 census. The traditional rohe or tribal area of Ngāti Porou extends from Pōtikirua and Lottin Point in the north to Te Toka-a-Taiau (a rock that used to sit in the mouth of Gisborne harbour) in the south. The Ngāti Porou iwi comprises 58 hapū (sub-tribes) and 48 mārae (meeting grounds).

Mount Hikurangi features prominently in Ngāti Porou traditions as a symbol of endurance and strength, and holds tapu status. In these traditions, Hikurangi is often personified. Ngāti Porou traditions indicate that Hikurangi was the first point to surface when Māui fished up the North Island from beneath the ocean. His canoe, the Nuku-tai-memeha, is said to have been wrecked there. The Waiapu River also features in Ngāti Porou traditions.
Escuminac, Quebec
Escuminac (French pronunciation: [ɛskyminak]) is a municipality in Quebec, Canada, on the north shore of the Restigouche River.

In addition to Escuminac itself, the municipality also includes the communities of Escuminac Flats, Fleurant, and Pointe-à-la-Garde.

According to missionary Joseph-Étienne Guinard, Escuminac is a Mi'kmaq word meaning "here are small fruits", originally identifying a point of land jutting into the Restigouche River. But this translation has been disputed as fanciful. It has been spelled in various ways over time, including Semenac, Scamanac, Scaumenac, Escouminac, Scoumenac, and Scouminac.

Classification of municipalities in Quebec
The following is a list of the types of local and supralocal territorial units in Quebec, Canada, including those used solely for statistical purposes, as defined by the Ministry of Municipal Affairs, Regions and Land Occupancy and compiled by the Institut de la statistique du Québec

Not included are the urban agglomerations in Quebec, which, although they group together multiple municipalities, exercise only what are ordinarily local municipal powers.

A list of local municipal units in Quebec by regional county municipality can be found at List of municipalities in Quebec.
Kataoka District, Gunma
Kataoka District (片岡郡, Kataoka-gun) was formerly a rural district located in Gunma Prefecture, Japan. The district is now entirely part of the city of Takasaki.

Kataoka District was created on December 7, 1878, with the reorganization of Gunma Prefecture into districts. It included 3 villages, which were formerly part of the holdings of Takasaki Domain in Kōzuke Province under the Tokugawa shogunate. With the establishment of the municipalities system on April 1, 1889, the area was organized as a single village (Kataoka).

On April 1, 1896, the district was merged with Nishigunma District into Gunma District.

Districts of Japan
In Japan, a district (郡, gun) is composed of one or more rural municipalities (towns or villages) within a prefecture. Districts have no governing function, and are only used for geographic or statistical purposes such as mailing addresses. Cities are not part of districts.

Historically, districts have at times functioned as an administrative unit.  From 1878 to 1921 district governments were roughly equivalent to a county of the United States, ranking below prefecture and above town or village, on the same level as a city. District governments were entirely abolished by 1926.
Winburn, Lexington
Winburn is a neighborhood in northeast Lexington, Kentucky, United States. Its boundaries are I-75/ I-64 to the north, Newtown Pike to the west, Citation Boulevard to the south, and Russell Cave Road to the east. The smaller Griffin Gate neighborhood is typically included as part of Winburn.

Interstate 64
Interstate 64 (I-64) is an east–west Interstate Highway in the Eastern United States. Its western terminus is at I-70, U.S. Route 40 (US 40), and US 61 in Wentzville, Missouri. Its eastern terminus is at the Bowers Hill Interchange with I-264 and I-664 at Bower's Hill in Chesapeake, Virginia. I-64 connects Greater St. Louis, the Louisville metropolitan area, the Lexington–Fayette metropolitan area, the Charleston, WV metropolitan area, the Greater Richmond Region, and Hampton Roads.
As It Is (album)
As It Is is an album by drummer Peter Erskine, which was recorded in September 1995 and released on ECM the following year. The trio features pianist John Taylor—who wrote most of the album—and bassist Palle Danielsson.

ECM Records
ECM (Edition of Contemporary Music) is an independent record label founded by Karl Egger, Manfred Eicher and Manfred Scheffner in Munich in 1969. While ECM is best known for jazz music, the label has released a variety of recordings, and ECM's artists often refuse to acknowledge boundaries between genres. ECM's motto is "the most beautiful sound next to silence", taken from a 1971 review of ECM releases in Coda, a Canadian jazz magazine.

ECM has been distributed in the U.S. by Warner Bros. Records, PolyGram Records, BMG, and, since 1999, Universal Music, the successor of PolyGram, worldwide. Its album covers were profiled in two books: Sleeves of Desire and Windfall Light, both published by Lars Müller.
1906 Melbourne Cup
The 1906 Melbourne Cup was a two-mile handicap horse race which took place on Tuesday, 6 November 1906.

This race saw a 21-horse field compete. Three year old Poseidon beat fellow three year old Antonius by three lengths to cap off a magical run as earlier in the spring he had won Australian Derby, Eclipse Stakes, Caulfield Cup and Victoria Derby. Jimmy Ah Poon was growing vegetables near Canterbury Park Racecourse and supplied them to trainer Ike Earnshaw and through that became friends with Poseidon. Starting in September he began betting on Poseidon. The only time he did not back the colt was in The Metropolitan where he was beaten. Ah Poon had turned his original stakes of £10 to £35,500.

This is the list of placegetters for the 1906 Melbourne Cup.

Canterbury Park Racecourse
Canterbury Park Racecourse is a racecourse for horse racing in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is located 11 km (7 mi) from the Sydney Central Business District, in King Street in the suburb of Canterbury, adjacent to Canterbury railway station. The racecourse is operated by the Australian Turf Club.
ADP-ribosyl cyclase
In enzymology, a ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase (EC 3.2.2.6) is a bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

NAD+ + H2O  cADPR + H2O + nicotinamide  ADP-ribose + nicotinamide

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are NAD+ and H2O, whereas its two products are ADP-ribose and nicotinamide. The reaction proceeds through cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) as intermediate, which is then hydrolyzed into ADP-ribose. This makes it different from NAD+ glycohydrolase (EC 3.2.2.5), where the reaction does not proceed through cADPR.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those glycosylases that hydrolyse N-glycosyl compounds. Other names of this enzyme in common use include nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) nucleosidase, triphosphopyridine nucleotidase, NAD(P) nucleosidase, NAD(P)ase, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) glycohydrolase.  This enzyme participates in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism.

Cyclic ADP-ribose
Cyclic ADP-ribose, frequently abbreviated as cADPR, is a cyclic adenine nucleotide (like cAMP) with two phosphate groups present on 5' OH of the adenosine (like ADP), further connected to another ribose at the 5' position, which, in turn, closes the cycle by glycosidic bonding to the nitrogen 1 (N1) of the same adenine base (whose position N9 has the glycosidic bond to the other ribose). The N1-glycosidic bond to adenine is what distinguishes cADPR from ADP-ribose (ADPR), the non-cyclic analog. cADPR is produced from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) by ADP-ribosyl cyclases (EC 3.2.2.5) as part of a second messenger system.
1901 VPI football team
The 1901 VPI football team represented alina and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute in the 1901 college football season. The team was led by their head coach A. B. Morrison Jr. and finished with a record of six wins and one loss (6–1).

1901 college football season
The 1901 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with NCAA-designated "major selectors" retroactively selecting Michigan and Harvard as national champions. The NCAA records book erroneously lists Yale as Parke H. Davis's selection. Harvard beat Yale 22–0 the last game of the year.
Sitabhinji Group of Rock Shelters
The Sitabhinji Group of Rock Shelters, also referred to as the Ravanachhaya Mural Rocks, is a 4th to 6th century CE rock-cut monument with a major painted mural and inscriptions near Danguapasi village of Kendujhar (Keonjhar) district of Odisha. Archaeological excavations after the 1950s have unearthed boulder sections with additional inscriptions in Sanskrit and early Odiya, coins and parts of pre-8th-century Hindu temple and artwork from the Bhanja dynasty.

The 4th-century Ravanachhaya painted mural is notable for one of the earliest tempera painting (chitra) in India, for its non-religious portrayal of a king's procession, as well as its Sanskrit inscription in the emerging eastern branch of the northern script. The other notable discoveries here include the late-Gupta chaturmukha (four faced) Shiva Linga dated to around the 5th or 6th-century CE.

The Sitabhinji Group of Rock Shelters site is managed and protected by the Archaeological Survey of India (N-OR-32).

Bhanja dynasty
The Bhanja dynasty (ଭଞ୍ଜ ରାଜ ବଂଶ)is a dynasty that originated in the northern and central regions of modern Odisha (in the Khiching region of Utkala and Khinjali mandalas) before the Gupta Empire became an imperial power. The dynasty, of ancient local Kshatriya lineage as documented by Hermann Kulke, succeeded the Vindhyatabi branch of the Nagas of Padmavati, who ruled from the Keonjhar district of Odisha and included Satrubhanja of the Asanpat inscription. The Bhanj later became feudatories of the Bhauma-Kara dynasty.

The successor branches of the Bhanja rulers became local feudatories to the united realms of the Eastern Ganga dynasty, the Gajapati Empire, and ruling dynasties of the princely states and zamindaries of the region with the advent of British rule. Prominent branches include the princely states of Mayurbhanj State and Keonjhar State.
Tagus International Natural Park
The Tagus International Natural Park (Portuguese: Parque Natural do Tejo Internacional, Spanish: Parque natural del Tajo Internacional) is a protected area in Portugal and Spain. It is an important area for the conservation of several species of birds that nest on the rugged banks of rivers and surrounding areas. It is also one of the lowest human density areas in the Iberian Peninsula.

For part of its course, the River Tagus forms the boundary between Spain and Portugal. Areas on both sides of the river are designated as natural parks by the respective nations. However, while the Portuguese side of the park is a IUCN category V (protected landscape), the Spanish side is categorized as a wilderness area, thus being much more restricted.

Nature park
A nature park, or sometimes natural park, is a designation for a protected area by means of long-term land planning, sustainable resource management and limitation of agricultural and real estate developments. These valuable landscapes are preserved in their present ecological state and promoted for ecotourism purposes.

In most countries nature parks are subject to legally regulated protection, which is part of their conservation laws.

In terms of level of protection, a category "Nature Park" is not the same as a "National Park", which is defined by the IUCN and its World Commission on Protected Areas as a category II protected area. 
A "Nature Park" designation, depending on local specifics, falls between category III and category VI according to IUCN categorization, in most cases closer to category VI.
However some nature parks have later been turned into national parks.
Periodic table of topological insulators and topological superconductors
The periodic table of topological insulators and topological superconductors, also called tenfold classification of topological insulators and superconductors, is an application of topology to condensed matter physics. It indicates the mathematical group for the topological invariant of the topological insulators and topological superconductors, given a dimension and discrete symmetry class. The ten possible discrete symmetry families are classified according to three main symmetries: particle-hole symmetry, time-reversal symmetry and chiral symmetry. The table was developed between 2008–2010 by the collaboration of Andreas P. Schnyder, Shinsei Ryu, Akira Furusaki and Andreas W. W. Ludwig; and independently by Alexei Kitaev.

Topological property
In topology and related areas of mathematics, a topological property or topological invariant is a property of a topological space that is invariant under homeomorphisms. Alternatively, a topological property is a proper class of topological spaces which is closed under homeomorphisms. That is, a property of spaces is a topological property if whenever a space X possesses that property every space homeomorphic to X possesses that property. Informally, a topological property is a property of the space that can be expressed using open sets.

A common problem in topology is to decide whether two topological spaces are homeomorphic or not. To prove that two spaces are not homeomorphic, it is sufficient to find a topological property which is not shared by them.
Elkan
Elkan is a surname and given name. Notable people with the name include:

Surname:

Benno Elkan OBE (1877–1960), German-born British sculptor and medalist

Moses Elkan (died 1822), Hebrew scholar

Sophie Elkan (1853–1921), Swedish-Jewish writer and translator

Vera Elkan (1908–2008), South African photographer

Given name:

Elkan Allan (1922–2006), British television producer and print journalist

Elkan Baggott (born 2002), Indonesian football player

Elkan Blout (1919–2006), professor of biochemistry at Harvard University

Elkan Harrison Powell (1888–1966), the visionary president of Encyclopædia Britannica Inc.

Elkan Nathan Adler (1861–1946), Anglo-Jewish author, lawyer, historian, collector of Jewish books and manuscripts

Elkan Naumburg (1835–1924), New York City merchant, banker, philanthropist, musicologist, and sponsor of the arts in Manhattan

Elkan Harrison Powell
Elkan Harrison Powell (21 November 1888 – 8 May 1966) was a president of Encyclopædia Britannica Inc.

Powell introduced the policies of continuous revision and of leveraging the Britannica's fame to market successful spin-off products, such as historical overviews, compilations of good Britannica articles, children's encyclopedias and atlases. These policies are still in practice today.

Powell was a vice president at Sears Roebuck in 1932, when the publisher of the Britannica, Benjamin J. Cox, resigned. Powell became his replacement and quickly analyzed the factors affecting the profitability of the Britannica.  In 1933, he introduced the  continuous revision policy.. New Britannica-branded products such as the 12-volume children's encyclopedia, Britannica Junior, appeared a year later.
Peckoltia wernekei
Peckoltia wernekei is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Ventuari River, which is a tributary of the Orinoco in the state of Amazonas in Venezuela. The species reaches at least 10.46 cm (4.1 inches) SL.

It was described in 2016 by Jonathan W. Armbruster (of Auburn University) and Nathan K. Lujan based on morphological and genetic differences between it and other members of Peckoltia, including P. vittata, which it was formerly considered to be conspecific with. Its specific epithet, wernekei, honors David C. Werneke, Collection Manager of Fishes at Auburn University. FishBase does not list this species.

P. wernekei occasionally appears in the aquarium trade, where it is referred to either as the orange tiger pleco or by one of two associated L-numbers, which are L-243 and LDA-086.

L-number
The L-number system is a semi-scientific classification system of catfish based on photographs of shipments of tropical catfish of the family Loricariidae published by the German aquarium magazine DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarienzeitschrift (The Aquarium and Terrarium Magazine)). The first L-number was published in 1988.

An L-number is not a formal scientific designation, but it allows people to identify various loricariid catfish by a "common name" before the fish is officially described. When a loricariid receives an official scientific name, the L-number (or numbers) is retired; best practice is then to use the scientific name.

A specific L-number classification does not guarantee a discrete species, multiple L numbers have been given to different populations of the same species. To add to the confusion, sometimes a single L-number may be used for multiple species.

Additionally the aquarium magazine 'Das Aquarium' introduced a similar system using the prefix 'LDA'.
Viktor Wallin
Viktor Wallin (born January 17, 1980) is a Swedish former ice hockey defenceman.

Wallin was drafted 112th overall by the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft. He played in Elitserien for HV71 and Timrå IK and the HockeyAllsvenskan for AIK IF and Nybro Vikings.

In 2005, Wallin joined Grenoble-based team Brûleurs de Loups in the Ligue Magnus in France and remained with the team for six seasons. In 2011, Wallin signed for Italian Serie B team HC Merano.

HockeyAllsvenskan
HockeyAllsvenskan (previously Allsvenskan and SuperAllsvenskan) is a professional ice hockey league, and the second-highest league in the Swedish ice hockey system, after the SHL. Since the 2009–10 season, the league has consisted of fourteen teams.