hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Space dust measurement
Space dust measurement refers to the study of small particles of extraterrestrial material, known as micrometeoroids or interplanetary dust particles (IDPs), that are present in the Solar System. These particles are typically of micrometer to sub-millimeter size and are composed of a variety of materials including silicates, metals, and carbon compounds. The study of space dust is important as it provides insight into the composition and evolution of the Solar System, as well as the potential hazards posed by these particles to spacecraft and other space-borne assets. The measurement of space dust requires the use of advanced scientific techniques such as secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), optical and atomic force microscopy (AFM), and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to accurately characterize the physical and chemical properties of these particles.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a type of atomic emission spectroscopy which uses a highly energetic laser pulse as the excitation source. The laser is focused to form a plasma, which atomizes and excites samples. The formation of the plasma only begins when the focused laser achieves a certain threshold for optical breakdown, which generally depends on the environment and the target material.
HMS Katoomba
HMS Katoomba was a Pearl-class cruiser built for the Royal Navy, originally named HMS Pandora, built by Armstrong Whitworth, Elswick, Tyne and Wear and launched on 27 August 1889. Renamed on 2 April 1890, as Katoomba as the flagship of the Auxiliary Squadron of the Australia Station. She arrived in Sydney with the squadron on 5 September 1891. She was damaged in a collision with the tug Yatala in Port Adelaide on 29 December 1891. She left the Australia Station on 16 January 1906. She was sold for £8500 on 10 July 1906 and broken up at Morecambe.

Morecambe
Morecambe (/ˈmɔːrkəm/ MOR-kəm) is a seaside town and civil parish in the City of Lancaster district of Lancashire, England, on Morecambe Bay, part of the Irish Sea. In 2011 the parish had a population of 34,768.
Mulinge Ndeto
James Mulinge Munandi Ndeto (born 25 January 1981), commonly known as Mulinge Ndeto, is a Kenyan footballer who plays for Kenyan Premier League side Ulinzi Stars as a defender. He previously played for K.C.B. and Tusker. He also appeared for the Kenya national team, and was part of the squad that won the 2013 CECAFA Cup.

Kenya national football team
The Kenya national football team (Swahili: Timu ya Taifa ya Kandanda ya Kenya), colloquially known as the Harambee Stars, represents Kenya in association football. It is controlled by the Football Kenya Federation, the governing body of football in Kenya, and competes as a member of the Confederation of African Football (CAF) and the Council for East and Central Africa Football Associations (CECAFA). The team plays its home games primarily at the Nyayo National Stadium in the capital, Nairobi.
Jerry Baldwin
Gerald Baldwin is an American businessman. He and two other entrepreneurs, Gordon Bowker and Zev Siegl, founded Starbucks in Seattle, in 1971. He is a Sonoma Valley vintner, and co-founder of J. Baldwin Wines.

Winemaker
A winemaker or vintner is a person engaged in winemaking. They are generally employed by wineries or wine companies, where their work includes:

Cooperating with viticulturists

Monitoring the maturity of grapes to ensure their quality and to determine the correct time for harvest

Crushing and pressing grapes

Monitoring the settling of juice and the fermentation of grape material

Filtering the wine to remove remaining solids

Testing the quality of wine by tasting

Placing filtered wine in casks or tanks for storage and maturation

Preparing plans for bottling wine once it has matured

Making sure that quality is maintained when the wine is bottled

Today, these duties require an increasing amount of scientific knowledge, since laboratory tests are gradually supplementing or replacing traditional methods. Winemakers can also be referred to as oenologists as they study oenology – the science of wine.
Lowrie
Lowrie is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Allen Lowrie (1948–2021), West Australian botanist

Charles N. Lowrie, American landscape architect

Dick Lowrie (born 1943), Scottish footballer

Donald Lowrie (died 1925), American newspaper writer

George Lowrie (1919–1989), Welsh footballer

Henry Berry Lowrie (c.1844–1847 – disappeared 1872), North Carolina outlaw

Jason Lowrie, New Zealand rugby league player

Jed Lowrie, infielder for the Oakland Athletics

John Patrick Lowrie, American voice actor

Matthew B. Lowrie (1773–1850), mayor of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Philip Lowrie (1936–2025), English actor

Ronnie Lowrie (born 1955), Scottish footballer

Todd Lowrie (born 1983), Australian rugby league player

Walter Lowrie (politician) (1784–1868), US senator from Pennsylvania

Walter H. Lowrie, chief justice of Pennsylvania's Supreme Court

William Lowrie (1857–1933), Australian agricultural educationist

Walter Lowrie (politician)
Walter Lowrie (December 10, 1784 – December 14, 1868) was a politician from Butler County, Pennsylvania. He served in both houses in the state legislature and represented Pennsylvania in the United States Senate. Serving as chairman of the Committee on Finance during the 2nd session of the 17th Congress.

After his term as a Senator, Lowrie stayed on as secretary of the Senate for eleven years. In 1836 he moved to New York City and went to work with the Missionary Board of the Presbyterian Church. He remained with them until his death. Three of his sons, John Cameron, Walter Macon, and Reuben, were prominent as missionaries to India and China. A nephew, Walter H. Lowrie, later served as chief justice of Pennsylvania's Supreme Court.

Lowrie died in New York City on December 14, 1868, and is interred in the First Presbyterian Church in Manhattan.
Sumburgh
Sumburgh is a small settlement in the Shetland Islands, Scotland, within the parish of Dunrossness.

Sumburgh is located at the south end of the Mainland on Sumburgh Head. Shetland's commercial airport, Sumburgh Airport is located just outside the village to the north. The settlement has a population of approximately 100.

The archaeological site of Jarlshof is situated to the west of Sumburgh, adjacent to Sumburgh Hotel.

Mainland, Shetland
The Mainland is the principal island of Shetland in Scotland. Covering an area of 899 km2 (347 sq mi), the island contains Shetland's only burgh, Lerwick, which is the main administrative centre, and major point of Shetland's ferry and air connections. The island has a diversified economy, with interests in agriculture, fishing, aquaculture, oil and gas, and tourism. It also forms part of a UNESCO Global Geopark, noted for its cliffs, moorlands, and diverse marine wildlife. Mainland is also the largest island in the North Sea.
Sweet Rhode Island Red
Sweet Rhode Island Red is a studio album by Ike & Tina Turner, released on United Artist Records in 1974. The album was created exclusively for the international market. It was available in the US through the Columbia Record Club. The album charted at No. 41 in Australia.

United Artists Records
United Artists Records was an American record label founded by Max E. Youngstein of United Artists in 1957 to issue movie soundtracks. The label expanded into other genres, such as easy listening, jazz, pop, and R&B.
1957 United States elections
Elections in 1957 included:

Senate
1957 United States Senate special election in Texas
1957 United States Senate special election in Wisconsin

House
1957 Illinois's 7th congressional district special election
1957 New Jersey's 2nd congressional district special election
1957 New Mexico's at-large congressional district special election
1957 Pennsylvania's 13th congressional district special election

Governors
1957 New Jersey gubernatorial election
1957 Virginia gubernatorial election

Mayors
Los Angeles, CA
Manchester, NH
New York City, NY
Pittsburgh, PA
Springfield, MA

1957 Virginia gubernatorial election
In the 1957 Virginia gubernatorial election, incumbent Governor Thomas B. Stanley, a Democrat, was unable to seek re-election due to term limits. State Senator Theodore Roosevelt Dalton was again nominated by the Republican Party to run against former Democratic Attorney General J. Lindsay Almond.

As of 2025, this is the last occasion when Rockingham County or Shenandoah County voted Democratic for Governor.
2019–20 Czech Cup
The 2019–20 Czech Cup, known as the MOL Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the 27th season of the annual knockout football tournament of the Czech Republic. It began with the preliminary round on 26 July 2019 and concluded with the final on 1 July 2020. The winner of the cup gained the right to play in the third qualifying round of the 2020–21 UEFA Europa League.

Czech Cup
The Czech Cup (Czech: Pohár FAČR), officially known as the MOL Cup for sponsorship reasons, is the major men's football cup competition in the Czech Republic. It is organised by the Czech Football Association.

The Czech Cup was first held in 1961. The winner would then face the winner of the Slovak Cup in the Czechoslovak Cup final. This competition was discontinued in 1993, after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia into two independent states (Czech Republic and Slovakia).

The winner gains entry to the following season's UEFA Europa League.
Thread (non-profit organization)
Thread (formerly known as Incentive Mentoring Program or IMP) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that was founded by Sarah and Ryan Hemminger as a partnership between students at Johns Hopkins University and two Baltimore City High Schools: Paul Laurence Dunbar High School (Baltimore, Maryland) and the Academy for College and Career Exploration . The goal of Thread is to transform teenagers who are failing high school into Baltimore City's most valuable role models. Thread extends a school-based tutoring program to the home, providing both academic and social support to youth struggling with poverty, drugs, and violence. Mentoring teams, called "Thread Families" not only support teenagers in overcoming their own adversity, but also encourage them to help others do the same.  The first group of Thread students achieved a 100% graduation and 100% college enrollment rate.

Academy for College and Career Exploration
Academy for College and Career Exploration (ACCE) is a public secondary school located in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. The school opened in the city in fall 2004 under the guidance of being an "innovation" school by Johns Hopkins researchers. Another school created with the same guidelines of being an "innovation" school, Baltimore Talent Development also opened around the same time.
ACCE is now converted into a "transformation" middle/high school with grades 6-7/9-12 for the 2011–2012 school year.
The Saint Who Forged a Country
The Saint Who Forged a Country (Spanish: La virgen que forjó una patria) is a 1942 Mexican drama film directed by Julio Bracho and starring Ramon Novarro, Domingo Soler, and Gloria Marín. It was released under the English title in English in 1944. The title refers to the appearances of the Virgin Mary to Juan Diego in colonial Mexico as Our Lady of Guadalupe.

Domingo Soler
Domingo Díaz Pavia (17 April 1901 – 13 June 1961), better known by the stage name Domingo Soler, was a Mexican actor and occasional screenwriter of the Golden Age of Mexican cinema. He appeared in over 150 films and wrote the screenplays for 2 films.

Soler won an Ariel Award for Best Actor for his performance in the 1945 drama film The Shack, making him the first winner in that category.
Cucumis
Cucumis is a genus of twining, tendril-bearing plants in the family Cucurbitaceae which includes the cucumber (Cucumis sativus), true melons (Cucumis melo, including cantaloupe and  honeydew), the horned melon (Cucumis metuliferus), and the West Indian gherkin (Cucumis anguria).

30 species occur in Africa, and 25 occur in India, Southeast Asia, and Australia. However, Cucumis myriocarpus was introduced to Australia from Sub-Saharan Africa, and is regarded as an invasive species.

Vine
A vine is any plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent (that is, climbing) stems, lianas, or runners. The word vine can also refer to such stems or runners themselves, for instance, when used in wicker work.

In parts of the world, including the British Isles, the term "vine" usually applies exclusively to grapevines, while the term "climber" is used for all climbing plants.
Lysergic acid dipropylamide
Lysergic acid dipropylamide (LSDP), also known as N,N-dipropyllysergamide (DPL), is a psychedelic drug of the lysergamide family related to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It is the analogue of LSD in which the amide group has two propyl substitutions instead of two ethyl substituents.

The drug has about 10% or less of the potency of LSD as a psychedelic and its dose is greater than 1 mg orally. It has been reported however that, in contrast to LSD, LSDP produces LSD-like autonomic effects at much lower doses (<1 mg) than those at which its psychedelic effects occur. The drug was initially thought to be non-hallucinogenic after only being tested at sub-milligram doses.

LSDP was first described in the literature by Albert Hofmann and colleagues by 1955. Unlike various other LSD analogues, it was never given a specific code name (as in e.g. "LSD-25"). Its psychedelic effects were also reported by Hofmann.

Potency (pharmacology)
In pharmacology, potency or biological potency is a measure of a drug's biological activity expressed in terms of the dose required to produce a pharmacological effect of given intensity. A highly potent drug (e.g., fentanyl, clonazepam, risperidone, benperidol, bumetanide) evokes a given response at low concentrations, while a drug of lower potency (e.g. morphine, diazepam, ziprasidone, haloperidol, furosemide) evokes the same response only at higher concentrations. Higher potency does not necessarily mean greater effectiveness nor more side effects nor less side effects.
Rory Root
Rory D. Root (November 8, 1957 – May 19, 2008) was the owner of Comic Relief, a comic book retailer in Berkeley, California.

Comic Relief was one of the first stores to stock graphic novels, presaging their popularity by many years. Root also made a point of supporting self-publishers and minicomics artists. In 1993, Root was awarded the Will Eisner Spirit of Retailing Award in honor of his exemplary work in promoting the genre.

He influenced many in the comics field, including Eric Reynolds of Fantagraphics.

Eisner Awards
The Will Eisner Comic Industry Awards, commonly shortened to the Eisner Awards, are awards for creative achievement in American comic books. They are regarded as the most prestigious and significant awards in the comic industry and often referred to as the industry's equivalent of the Academy Awards.

The first Eisners were conferred in 1988, for works published in 1987. The Eisner Awards ceremony has been held at San Diego Comic-Con every year since 1991. The awards are named in honor of pioneering cartoonist and writer Will Eisner, who was a regular participant in the ceremony until his death in 2005.

The nominations in each category are generated by a five- to six-member jury, then voted on by comic book professionals. The jury often consists of at least one comics retailer, one librarian (since 2005), and one academic researcher, among other comic experts. As of 2021, awards are presented in 32 categories.
Eater (band)
Eater are an early British punk rock band from North London who took their name from a Marc Bolan lyric.

In October 2001, the band's second single, "Thinking of the USA" (originally released in June 1977), was included in Mojo magazine's list of the best punk rock singles of all time. In 1999, the track also appeared on the five-CD Universal Records box set 1-2-3-4 Punk & New Wave 1976-1979.

Their sound has been characterized as "run-of-the-mill dole queue punk rock" and "basic boy-ish punk rock".

In 2022, Andy Blade collaborated with rock'n'roll band JoJo & The Teeth in a new incarnation of Eater, starting with warm up gigs under the alias Ant.

North London
North London is the northern part of London, England, north of the River Thames and the City of London. It extends from Clerkenwell and Finsbury, on the edge of the City of London financial district, to Greater London's boundary with Hertfordshire. The term is occasionally used in reference to all of London north of the River Thames.

The term differentiates the area from South London, East London and West London. Some parts of North London are also part of Central London.
Caroline Finch
Caroline Finch AO is an Australian sports injury epidemiologist and sports injury prevention researcher. Her research has been adopted and  used to directly inform safety policy by Government Departments of Sport and Health, health promotion and injury prevention agencies, and peak sports bodies both within Australia and internationally.  Her injury prevention research has been applied to falls in older people, road safety, workplace safety and injuries in children.

Sports injury
Sports injuries occur during participation in sports or exercise in general. Globally, around 40% of individuals engage in some form of regular exercise or organized sports, with upwards of 60% of US high school students participating in one or more sports. Sports injuries account for 15 - 20% of annual acute care visits with an incidence of 1.79 - 6.36 injuries per 1,000 hours of participation. Sports injuries can be broken down into the types of injuries, risk factors and prevention and the overall impact that injuries have on athletes.
Louis Sclavis
Louis Sclavis (born 2 February 1953) is a French jazz musician. He performs on clarinet, bass clarinet, and soprano saxophone in a variety of contexts, including avant-garde jazz, free jazz, free improvisation and  contemporary classical.

Contemporary classical music
Contemporary classical music is Western art music composed close to the present day. At the beginning of the 21st century, it commonly referred to the post-1945 post-tonal music after the death of Anton Webern, and included serial music, electronic music, experimental music, and minimalist music. Newer forms of music include spectral music and post-minimalism.
Nikolai Kardashev
Nikolai Semyonovich Kardashev (Russian: Никола́й Семёнович Кардашёв, romanized: Nikolay Semyonovich Kardashyov, IPA: [nʲɪkɐˈlaj sʲɪˈmʲɵnəvʲɪtɕ kərdɐˈʂof]; April 25, 1932 – August 3, 2019) was a Soviet and Russian astrophysicist best known for the Kardashev scale, which measures a civilization's status in technological evolution based on the amount of energy it is capable of harnessing and using. He was also the deputy director of the Astro Space Center of the Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Astro Space Center (Russia)
This enclave of scientific research is officially known as Astro Space Center of PN Lebedev Physics Institute, (ASC LPI, Russian: Астрокосмический центр Физического института Академии Наук) and is under the purview of the  Russian Academy of Sciences. Generally speaking, the space center's   mission  focuses on astrophysics, which includes cosmology. The emphasis is on accomplishing basic research  in this science. The research  leads into exploring the composition, and structure of  astronomical objects, interstellar and interplanetary space along with exploring how these evolved.
Just One of Those Things (song)
"Just One of Those Things" is a popular song written by Cole Porter for the 1935 musical Jubilee.

Porter had written the score for Jubilee while on an extended sea cruise in the early part of 1935; however, in September 1935, Jubilee's librettist Moss Hart mentioned that the play's second act required an additional song. Porter had "Just One of Those Things" completed by the following morning. (He had previously used the title for a song intended for but not featured in the 1930 musical The New Yorkers. Apart from the title the two songs are distinct).

Porter's original lyric lacked an adjective for the line "a trip to the moon on gossamer wings": "gossamer" would be suggested by his friend, Ed Tauch.

A recording by Richard Himber reached the charts of the day in 1935 and Peggy Lee's stylized arrangement of the song was a No. 14 hit in the Billboard charts in 1952.

Peggy Lee
Norma Deloris Egstrom (May 26, 1920 – January 21, 2002), known professionally as Peggy Lee, was an American jazz and popular music singer, songwriter, and actress whose career spanned seven decades. From her beginning as a vocalist on local radio to singing with Benny Goodman's big band, Lee created a sophisticated persona, writing music for films, acting, and recording conceptual record albums combining poetry and music. Called the "Queen of American pop music", Lee recorded more than 1,100 masters and co-wrote more than 270 songs. She is best known for her role in the Walt Disney classic Lady and the Tramp, where she voiced Darling, Peg, and the Siamese cats, among others. She received an Academy Award nomination for her role in the 1955 film Pete Kelly's Blues.
Normal p-complement
In group theory, a branch of mathematics, a normal p-complement of a finite group for a prime p is a normal subgroup of order coprime to p and index a power of p. In other words the group is a semidirect product of the normal p-complement and any Sylow p-subgroup. A group is called p-nilpotent if it has a normal p-complement.

Coprime integers
In number theory, two integers a and b are coprime, relatively prime or mutually prime if the only positive integer that is a divisor of both of them is 1. Consequently, any prime number that divides a does not divide b, and vice versa. This is equivalent to their greatest common divisor (GCD) being 1. One says also a is prime to b or a is coprime with b.

The numbers 8 and 9 are coprime, despite the fact that neither—considered individually—is a prime number, since 1 is their only common divisor. On the other hand, 6 and 9 are not coprime, because they are both divisible by 3. The numerator and denominator of a reduced fraction are coprime, by definition.
Dutch States Army
The Dutch States Army (Dutch: Staatse leger) was the army of the Dutch Republic. It was usually called this, because it was formally the army of the States-General of the Netherlands, the sovereign power of that federal republic. This army was brought to such a size and state of readiness that it was able to hold its own against the armies of the major European powers of the extended 17th century, Habsburg Spain and the France of Louis XIV, despite the fact that these powers possessed far larger military resources than the Republic. It played a major role in the Eighty Years' War (opposite the Spanish Army of Flanders) and in the wars of the Grand Alliance with France after 1672.

Schutterij
Schutterij (Dutch pronunciation: [sxʏtəˈrɛi] ⓘ) refers to a voluntary city guard or citizen militia in the medieval and early modern Netherlands, intended to protect the town or city from attack and act in case of revolt or fire. Their training grounds were often on open spaces within the city, near the city walls, but, when the weather did not allow, inside a church.  They are mostly grouped according to their district and to the weapon that they used: bow, crossbow or gun.  Together, its members are called a Schuttersgilde, which could be roughly translated as a "shooter's guild". It is now a title applied to ceremonial shooting clubs and to the country's Olympic rifle team.