hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
148th Battalion, CEF
The 148th Battalion, CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War.  Based in Montreal, Quebec, the unit began recruiting in late 1915 in that city and the surrounding district.  After sailing to England in September 1916, the battalion was absorbed into the 20th Reserve Battalion on January 8, 1917.  The 148th Battalion, CEF had two Officers Commanding: Lieut-Col. A. A. Magee, and Major Alfred Soden English (Canadian Grenadier Guards) who had served with the 14th Battalion (RMR) in France in 1915.

Canadian Expeditionary Force
The Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF; French: Corps expéditionnaire canadien) was the expeditionary field force of Canada during the First World War. It was formed on August 15, 1914, following Britain’s declaration of war on the German Empire, with an initial strength of one infantry division. The division subsequently fought at Ypres on the Western Front, with a newly raised second division reinforcing the committed units to form the Canadian Corps. The CEF and corps was eventually expanded to four infantry divisions, which were all committed to the fighting in France and Belgium along the Western Front. A fifth division was partially raised in 1917, but was broken up in 1918 and used as reinforcements following heavy casualties.
Besserer von Thalfingen
Besserer von Thalfingen is the name of an old Swabian family. The members of the line were originally located in Bavaria and Württemberg.

The family line has been known since the 13th century and was ennobled to Freiherren in 1817 and 1838. It seems, that the Besserer von Thalfingens had the same roots as the sirs Von Besser, which had its seeds also in the surroundings of Ulm. One line of the Von Bessers owned the estate of Thalfingen, which is a part of Elchingen since May 1, 1978, and the descendants of another line were later located in Saxony. The writing of the name of the members of the Thalfingen line changed from Besser to Besserer.

Elchingen
Elchingen (German pronunciation: [ˈɛlçɪŋən]) is a municipality about 7 km east of Ulm–Neu-Ulm in the district of Neu-Ulm in Bavaria, Germany.

Municipality parts:

Thalfingen: 4 211 residents, 8.83 km²

Oberelchingen: 3 024 residents, 7.31 km²

Unterelchingen: 2 863 residents, 8.76 km²
Eustrephus
Eustrephus is a monotypic genus (i.e. a genus that contains a single species) in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Lomandroideae. The sole species is Eustrephus latifolius, commonly known as wombat berry. It is an evergreen vine native to Malesia, the Pacific Islands and eastern Australia. It grows in sclerophyll forest, woodland, heathlands, shrublands, gallery forest and rainforests.

The leaves are highly variable in shape, elliptic to linear, 30–100 mm (1.2–3.9 in) long and 3–35 mm (0.12–1.38 in) wide. All leaf veins are equally distinct. Flowers are pink to mauve or white. The yellow-orange, globose, capsules are 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) diameter and contain numerous black seeds partly enclosed in a white aril. The variation in the shapes of the leaves has resulted in the creation of numerous infraspecific taxa over the years, none of which are recognised by most present-day systematists.

Gallery forest
A gallery forest is one formed as a corridor along rivers or wetlands, projecting into landscapes that are otherwise only sparsely treed such as savannas, grasslands, or deserts. The gallery forest maintains a more temperate microclimate above the river. Defined as long and narrow forest vegetation associated with rivers, gallery forests are structurally and floristically heterogeneous.

The habitats of these forests differ from the surrounding landscapes because they are, for example, more nutrient-rich or moister and/or there is less chance of fires. The forests are sometimes only a few meters wide, because they depend on the water they lie along.
Leptopelis ragazzii
Leptopelis ragazzii is a species of frog in the family Arthroleptidae. The species is endemic to the Ethiopian Highlands on both sides of the Great Rift Valley. Common names Ragazzi's tree frog and Shoa forest treefrog have been coined for it. It is named after Vincenzo Ragazzi (1856–1929), from the Modena Natural History Society, who explored and collected in Ethiopia.

Great Rift Valley, Ethiopia
The Great Rift Valley of Ethiopia, (or Main Ethiopian Rift or Ethiopian Rift Valley) is a branch of the East African Rift that runs through Ethiopia in a southwest direction from the Afar triple junction. In the past, it was seen as part of a "Great Rift Valley" that ran from Mozambique to Syria. Known for its scenery and diverse wildlife in Ethiopia specifically the Rift Valley holds importance in the field of human evolution. It is recognized as an area for researching the stages of human development with crucial fossil findings such, as Lucy (Australopithecus afarensis) unearthed within its bounds.
Alexis Rotella
Alexis K. Rotella (born January 16, 1947, in Johnstown, Pennsylvania) is an American poet and artist. She has written poems in several of the traditional styles of Japanese poetry, including haiku, senryū, renga, and haibun.

Johnstown, Pennsylvania
Johnstown is the largest city in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 18,411 as of the 2020 census. Located 57 miles (92 km) east of Pittsburgh, it is the principal city of the Johnstown metropolitan area, which had 133,472 residents in 2020. It is also part of the Johnstown–Somerset combined statistical area, which includes both Cambria and Somerset counties. Once a bustling industrial center, like many cities in the Rust Belt, Johnstown was severely affected by the loss of jobs in the steel industry due to globalization and the movement of American manufacturing to overseas markets.
North End (band)
North End was an American boogie and club music-influenced garage house music group, consisted of Arthur Baker, Russell Presto and Tony Carbone.

North End debuted in 1979 with an uptempo disco track titled "Kind of Life (Kind of Love)" which was released by West End Records. Two years later, "Happy Days" was released on Emergency Records and peaked at number 9 on the Billboard Club Play Singles chart. Madonna's "Holiday" was loosely based on "Happy Days".

Although the band didn't technically exist in 1982, all their members continued to arrange and produce Michelle Wallace's material, including "Jazzy Rhythm" and "It's Right", both written by Baker, Presto and Carbone.

Boogie (genre)
Boogie (sometimes called post-disco and electro-funk) is a rhythm and blues genre of electronic dance music with close ties to the post-disco style, that first emerged in the United States during the late 1970s to mid-1980s. The sound of boogie is defined by bridging acoustic and electronic musical instruments with emphasis on vocals and miscellaneous effects. It later evolved into electro and house music.
Milliken & Company
Milliken & Company is an American industrial manufacturer that has been in business since 1865. With corporate headquarters located in Spartanburg, South Carolina, the company is active across a breadth of disciplines including specialty chemical, floor covering, performance and protective textile materials, and healthcare.

Milliken employs many scientists, including a large number with masters and doctoral degrees. Milliken has been granted more than 2,500 U.S. patents and more than 5,500 patents worldwide.

Flooring
Flooring is the general term for a permanent covering of a floor, or for the work of installing such a floor covering. Floor covering is a term to generically describe any finish material applied over a floor structure to provide a walking surface. Both terms are used interchangeably but floor covering refers more to loose-laid materials.

Materials almost always classified as flooring include carpet, laminate, tile, and vinyl.
1986 12 Hours of Sebring
The 12 Hours of Sebring Grand Prix of Endurance, was the third round of the 1986 IMSA GT Championship and was held at the Sebring International Raceway, on March 22, 1986. Victory overall went to the No. 5 Bob Akin Motor Racing Porsche 962 driven by Bob Akin, Hans-Joachim Stuck, and Jo Gartner.

Sebring International Raceway
Sebring International Raceway is a road course auto racing facility in the southeastern United States, located near Sebring, Florida.

Sebring Raceway is one of the oldest continuously operating race tracks in the U.S., its first race being run in 1950. Sebring is one of the classic race tracks in North American sports car racing, and plays host to the 12 Hours of Sebring.

The raceway occupies a portion of Sebring Regional Airport (an active airport for private and commercial traffic that was originally built as Hendricks Army Airfield, which was a World War II training base for the United States Army Air Forces).
Toronto (City) Board of Education v Ontario Secondary School Teachers' Federation, District 15
Toronto (City) Board of Education v Ontario Secondary School Teachers' Federation, District 15, [1997] 1 S.C.R. 487 is a leading decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on judicial review of administrative decisions. The Court held that the review of a just cause dismissal was patently unreasonable on the basis that the decision had no evidentiary basis.

Canadian administrative law
Canadian administrative law is the body of law "that applies to all administrative decisions, whether issued by front-line officials, ministers, economic regulatory agencies, or administrative tribunals, with interpretations of law and exercises of discretion subject to the same . . . rules." Administrative law is concerned primarily with ensuring that administrative decision-makers remain within the boundaries of their authority (substantive review) and observe procedural fairness (rights for those affected by the decision to participate in the decision-making process).
Battle of Haram
The Battle of Haram or Chramon (modern Banatska Palanka) was fought between the forces of King Stephen II (r. 1116–1131) of Hungary and Emperor John II Komnenos (r. 1118–1143) of the Byzantine Empire in the year 1128, or possibly earlier – in 1125 (the chronology is uncertain), in what is now Serbia, and resulted in a major defeat for the Hungarians. The site of the battle was near the confluence of the Karaš/Caraș and the Danube, between Banatska Palanka and Baziaș, on the modern border between Serbia and Romania.

Bazjaš monastery
The Bazjaš or Baziaș monastery (Serbian Cyrillic: Манастир Базјаш, Romanian: Mănăstirea Baziaș) is a medieval Serbian Orthodox monastery located in the Baziaș village, Socol Commune, Caraș-Severin County, Romania. It was established in 1225. The monastery lies in the Clisura Dunării-region.
Janinów, Łowicz County
Janinów [jaˈninuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bielawy, within Łowicz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) west of Bielawy, 22 km (14 mi) west of Łowicz, and 34 km (21 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

Łowicz County
Łowicz County (Polish: powiat łowicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Łowicz, which lies 48 kilometres (30 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 987.13 square kilometres (381.1 sq mi). As of 2006, its total population was 82,338, out of which the population of Łowicz was 30,204, and the rural population was 52,134.
Penang International Airport
Penang International Airport (PIA) (IATA: PEN, ICAO: WMKP) is an international airport in George Town, the capital city of the Malaysian state of Penang. The airport is located at the southeastern tip of Penang Island, 16 km (9.9 mi) south of the city centre, and serves the country's second-largest conurbation.

As the main gateway into northwestern Malaysia, PIA is the third busiest airport in Malaysia by aircraft movements and recorded over 7.6 million tourist arrivals in 2024. It also handled the second largest cargo tonnage of all airports in the country and the highest in terms of export value, with RM365 billion in exports in 2023. Additionally, the airport is the main hub for local budget airline Firefly and one of AirAsia's operating bases.

Penang Island
Penang Island is the main constituent island of the Malaysian state of Penang. It is located off the western coast of Peninsular Malaysia by the Malacca Strait, with the Penang Strait separating the island from Seberang Perai on the mainland. The 295 km2 (114 sq mi) island makes up approximately 28% of Penang's total land mass and is home to about 45% of the state's population as of 2020. The entire island falls under the city of George Town, which also administers the surrounding islets.
Soft tyranny
Soft tyranny is an idea first developed by Alexis de Tocqueville in his 1835 work titled Democracy in America. It is described as the individualist preference for equality and its pleasures, requiring the state – as a tyrant majority or a benevolent authority – to step in and adjudicate. In this regime, political leaders operate under a blanket of restrictions and, while it retains the practical virtues of democracy, citizens influence policymaking through bureaucrats and non-governmental organizations. This is distinguished from despotism or tyranny (hard tyranny) in the sense that state of government in such democratic society is composed of guardians who hold immense and tutelary (protective) power.

Despotism
In political science, despotism is a form of government in which a single entity rules with absolute power.  Normally, that entity is an individual, the despot (as in an autocracy), but societies which limit respect and power to specific groups have also been called despotic.

Colloquially, the word despot applies pejoratively to those who use their power and authority arbitrarily to oppress their populace or subordinates. More specifically, the term often applies to a head of state or government. In this sense, it is similar to the pejorative connotations that are associated with the terms tyrant and dictator.

Despot has also been a royal title assumed by various leaders historically, such as by rulers of the Serbian Despotate.
Liepiņš
Liepiņš (Old orthography: Leepin(g); feminine: Liepiņa) is a Latvian topographic surname, derived from the Latvian word for "linden tree" (liepa). Individuals with the surname include:

Arvis Liepiņš (born 1990), Latvian cross-country skier

Emīls Liepiņš (born 1992), Latvian cyclist

Jānis Liepiņš (1894–1964), Latvian painter

Kaspars Liepiņš (born 1984), Latvian sidecarcross rider

Ilmārs Liepiņš (1947–2007), Latvian football player

Modris Liepiņš (born 1966), Latvian race walker

Zigmārs Liepiņš (born 1952), Latvian composer

Latvian orthography
The modern Latvian orthography is based on Latin script adapted to phonetic principles, following the pronunciation of the language. The standard alphabet consists of 33 letters – 22 unmodified Latin letters and 11 modified by diacritics. It was developed by the Knowledge Commission of the Riga Latvian Association in 1908, and was approved the same year by the orthography commission under the leadership of Kārlis Mīlenbahs and Jānis Endzelīns. It was introduced by law from 1920 to 1922 in the Republic of Latvia.

Latvian orthography historically used a system based upon German phonetic principles, while the Latgalian dialect was written using Polish orthographic principles.
Johann Gustav Fischer
Johann Gustav Fischer (1 March 1819, Hamburg – 27 January 1889) was a German herpetologist.

He served as an instructor at the Johanneum in Hamburg, and was associated with the city's Naturhistorisches Museum, working extensively with its herpetological and ichthyological collections. He was the binomial author of numerous herpetological species, and has several species named in his honor:

"Fischer's cat snake" (Toxicodryas pulverulenta), 1856.

"Fischer's chameleon" (Kinyongia fischeri), described by Anton Reichenow in 1887.

"Fischer's dwarf gecko" (Lygodactylus fischeri), described by George Albert Boulenger in 1890.

"Fischer’s snail-eating snake" (Tropidodipsas fischeri), described by George Albert Boulenger in 1894.

"Fischer's thick-toed gecko" (Pachydactylus laevigatus), 1888.

In the field of ichthyology, he described the genera Sclerocottus (Cottidae) and Gymnelichthys (Zoarcidae).

Pachydactylus
Pachydactylus is a genus of insectivorous geckos, lizards in the family Gekkonidae. The genus is endemic to Africa, and member species are commonly known as thick-toed geckos. The genus also displays rich speciation, having 58 distinct species identified when compared to other closely related gecko genera like Rhoptropus, most of which have emerged since 35 Ma. It has been suggested that the reason for this rich speciation is not from adaptive radiation nor nonadaptive radiation, but that the genus represents a clade somewhere between the two drivers of speciation. P. bibronii geckos have been used by NASA as animal models for experimentation.
HMCS Trentonian
HMCS Trentonian was a modified Flower-class corvette that served with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War. She fought primarily in the Battle of the Atlantic and the English Channel as a convoy escort. She was named for Trenton, Ontario, though due to a naming conflict with a US Navy vessel, her name was modified. She was sunk in 1945.

USS Trenton (CL-11)
USS Trenton (CL-11) was an Omaha-class light cruiser, originally classified as a scout cruiser, of the United States Navy. She was the second Navy ship named for the city of Trenton, New Jersey. She spent most of her pre-war career moving between the Atlantic and the Pacific. Trenton joined the Special Service Squadron in 1934, for a good-will tour of Latin America. In May 1939, she would join Squadron 40-T in protecting American interests during the Spanish Civil War and didn't return to the US until July 1940, when she carried the royal family of Luxembourg, fleeing from the Nazi occupation of their country.
Hidarikiki no Eren
Hidarikiki no Eren (左ききのエレン; 'Eren the Southpaw') is a Japanese web manga series written and illustrated by Kappi. It was published on cakes web manga service from March 2016 to September 2017. A remake version, illustrated by nifuni, was published on Shueisha's online platform Shōnen Jump+ from October 2017 to October 2022, with its chapters collected in 24 tankōbon volumes. A 10-episode television drama adaptation was broadcast on MBS and TBS from October to December 2019. An anime television series adaptation produced by Signal.MD and Production I.G is set to premiere in April 2026.

Webcomic
Webcomics (also known as online comics or Internet comics) are comics published on the internet, such as on a website or a mobile app. While many webcomics are published exclusively online, others are also published in magazines, newspapers, or comic books.
Webcomics can be compared to self-published print comics in that anyone with an Internet connection can publish their own webcomic. Readership levels vary widely; many are read only by the creator's immediate friends and family, while some of the most widely read have audiences of well over one million readers. Webcomics range from traditional comic strips and graphic novels to avant garde comics, and cover many genres, styles, and subjects. They sometimes take on the role of a comic blog. The term web cartoonist is sometimes used to refer to someone who creates webcomics. Two examples of webcomic website builders are Comic Fury and Webtoon.
Frans Fiolet
Franciscus Antonius "Frans" Fiolet (20 July 1939 – December 14, 2024) was a Dutch field hockey player from the Netherlands. He competed at the 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics, where his team finished in ninth and seventh place, respectively.

Fiolet died on December 14, 2024, at the age of 85.

Field hockey at the 1960 Summer Olympics
The field hockey tournament at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy was contested from August 26 to September 9, with sixteen participating teams. Only men competed in field hockey at these Games. Pakistan won the gold medal, defeating India in the final and ending India's run of six successive Olympic gold medals in field hockey. Spain won the bronze medal.
Great Falls Historic District
The Great Falls Historic District encompasses the remains of an early 19th-century mill hamlet in Windham, Maine.  On the east bank of the Presumpscot River north of Windham Center Road are a cluster of three houses from the period, as well as the archaeological remains (most visibly building foundations) of a few mills that lined the river at the falls just north of the road.  The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

Presumpscot River
The Presumpscot River (/prɪˈzʌmpskət/) is a 25.8-mile-long (41.5 km) river located in Cumberland County, Maine, United States.  It is the main outlet of Sebago Lake.  The river provided an early transportation corridor with reliable water power for industrial development of the city of Westbrook and the village of South Windham.
Patrice Gerges
Patrice Gerges is a paralympic athlete from France competing mainly in category T46 400m and 800m events.

In the 1992 Summer Paralympics Patrice competed in the 1500m but won a gold medal in the 400m, a silver in the 800m and a bronze in the long jump.  At the 1996 Summer Paralympics concentrating on the 400m and 800m he failed to match his previous achievement by winning a bronze in the 400m.

1992 Summer Paralympics
The 1992 Summer Paralympics (Spanish: Juegos Paralímpicos de Verano de 1992; Catalan: Jocs Paralímpics d'estiu de 1992) were the ninth Paralympic Games to be held. They were held in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. In addition, the 1992 Paralympic Games for Persons with mental handicap were held immediately after the regular Paralympics in the Spanish capital, Madrid.
The law countering the hostile actions of the Zionist regime against peace and security
The law countering the hostile actions of the Zionist regime against peace and security is a plan that was approved by the Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran on May 20, 2020, in accordance with Article 123 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This law is a plan claimed by the Islamic Consultative Assembly and includes 16 articles to prevent the relations between the people, citizens and companies of Iran with the people and companies of Israel in the framework of the laws of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This law refers to a role to prevent any relations between Iranian and Israeli citizens.

Commission on National Security and Foreign Policy
The Commission on National Security and Foreign Policy (Persian: کمیسیون امنیت ملی و سیاست خارجی مجلس شورای اسلامی, romanized: Komisiune Amniyate Melli wa Siasate-Kharejie Majlese-Shoraye-Eslami) is one of the special commissions of the Legislature of Iran which has a significant position in playing the role of parliamentary diplomacy.

"The Human Rights Committee", "the Foreign Policy Committee", "the Internal Security Committee" and "the Defense Committee" are the four committees that professionally are engaged in examination of the related matters in the area of authority of the National Security and Foreign Policy Commission.

Ebrahim Azizi as the head of the parliament's National Security Commission was elected by a majority vote of the commission's members on 2024.