hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tax protester constitutional arguments
Tax protesters in the United States advance a number of constitutional arguments asserting that the imposition, assessment and collection of the federal income tax violates the United States Constitution. These kinds of arguments, though related to, are distinguished from statutory and administrative arguments, which presuppose the constitutionality of the income tax, as well as from general conspiracy arguments, which are based upon the proposition that the three branches of the federal government are involved together in a deliberate, on-going campaign of deception for the purpose of defrauding individuals or entities of their wealth or profits.  Although constitutional challenges to U.S. tax laws are frequently directed towards the validity and effect of the Sixteenth Amendment, assertions that the income tax violates various other provisions of the Constitution have been made as well.

Wage
A wage is the price of labor. Examples of wage payments include compensatory payments such as minimum wage, prevailing wage, and yearly bonuses, and remunerative payments such as prizes and tip payouts. Wages are part of the expenses that are involved in running a business. It is an obligation to the employee regardless of the profitability of the company.

Payment by wage contrasts with salaried work, in which the employer pays an arranged amount at steady intervals (such as a week or month) regardless of hours worked, with commission which conditions pay on individual performance, and with compensation based on the performance of the company as a whole. Waged employees may also receive tips or gratuity paid directly by clients and employee benefits which are non-monetary forms of compensation. Since wage labour is the predominant form of work, the term "wage" sometimes refers to all forms (or all monetary forms) of employee compensation.
Christophe Lepoint
Christophe Paul F. Lepoint (French pronunciation: [kʁistɔf ləpwɛ̃]; born 24 October 1984) is a Belgian professional football coach and a former central midfielder who is an assistant coach for Challenger Pro League club Kortrijk.

Belgian Cup
The Belgian Cup (French: Coupe de Belgique; Dutch: Beker van België; German: Belgischer Fußballpokal) is the main knockout football competition in Belgium, run by the Royal Belgian FA. The competition started in 1908 with provincial selections as the "Belgian Provinces Cup". Starting from 1912 only actual clubs were allowed to partake. As of 1964, the Belgian Cup has been organised annually. Since the 2015–16 edition, the Belgian Cup is called the Croky Cup, for sponsorship purposes. The final traditionally takes place at the Heysel Stadium in Brussels.

The most successful cup club is Club Brugge with 12 Belgian Cups in their possession. The current champions are Club Brugge, having beaten rivals Anderlecht 2–1 in the 2025 final. The winners are awarded a challenge cup and qualify for the UEFA Europa League and the Belgian Supercup.
Rhagoletis tabellaria
Rhagoletis tabellaria is a species of tephritid or fruit fly in the genus Rhagoletis of the family Tephritidae. Its primary host plant is Cornus sericea. It is parasitized by the wasp Utetes tabellariae.

Tephritidae
The Tephritidae are one of two fly families referred to as fruit flies, the other family being the Drosophilidae. The family Tephritidae does not include the biological model organisms of the genus Drosophila (in the family Drosophilidae), which is often called the "common fruit fly". Nearly 5,000 described species of tephritid fruit fly are categorized in almost 500 genera of the Tephritidae. Description, recategorization, and genetic analyses are constantly changing the taxonomy of this family. To distinguish them from the Drosophilidae, the Tephritidae are sometimes called peacock flies, in reference to their elaborate and colorful markings. The name comes from the Greek τεφρος, tephros, meaning "ash grey". They are found in all the biogeographic realms.
Acércate Más (Come Closer to Me)
"Acércate Más" is a 1946 hit song by Osvaldo Farrés.

The song was translated into English as "Come Closer to Me," in the film Easy to Wed by Carlos Ramírez.

The song was covered by Nat King Cole in 1958, in both English and Spanish. This version peaked at number 38 on the Billboard Hot 100. In 2013, a posthumous duet was created with his daughter Natalie Cole.

Osvaldo Farrés
Osvaldo Farrés (Spanish pronunciation: [osˈβaldo faˈres]; January 13, 1903 – December 22, 1985) was a Cuban songwriter and composer best known for having written the popular songs  "Quizás, Quizás, Quizás", "Acércate Más", "En El Mar", and "Tres Palabras".
Christian Potel
Christian Potel (born December 16, 1973, in Montfermeil, Seine-Saint-Denis) is a French former professional football goalkeeper.

He played on the professional level in Ligue 2 for FC Libourne-Saint-Seurin.

He played for AS Cannes in Coupe de la Ligue.

FC Libourne
Football Club Libourne (French pronunciation: [ɛf.se libuʁn]), formerly known as AS Libourne or Libourne Saint-Seurin-sur-L'Isle, is a French football team from the town of Libourne in Nouvelle-Aquitaine. The club plays in the Championnat National 2, the fourth tier of French football.
Stella (1955 film)
Stella (Greek: Στέλλα) is a 1955 Greek film retelling Carmen, featuring Melina Mercouri. The film was directed by the Greek Cypriot Michael Cacoyannis and written by Cacoyannis and Iakovos Kambanelis.  The music was composed by Manos Hadjidakis and Vassilis Tsitsanis.

Stella was originally intended as a stage play with the title Stella with the Red Gloves, but it was never staged. It has been claimed that this story was the perfect vehicle for the thirty-five-year-old Mercouri's film debut. Indeed, it was the hit that Melina Mercouri needed. The film sparked great controversy, and although it was initially rejected by Greek critics, it has since been considered one of the five greatest Greek films.

At the 1955 Cannes Film Festival, where the film was screened, Melina met Jules Dassin, her future husband, mentor, and director. He helped her to secure major roles in such films as Topkapi, Never on Sunday, Phaedra, and 10:30 P.M. Summer, which became major international successes.

Vassilis Tsitsanis
Vassilis Tsitsanis (Greek: Βασίλης Τσιτσάνης 18 January 1915 – 18 January 1984) was a Greek songwriter and bouzouki player. He became one of the leading Greek composers of his time and is widely regarded as one of the founders of modern Rebetiko and Laiko music. Tsitsanis wrote more than 500 songs and is still remembered as an extraordinary composer and bouzouki player.
Le Huron
Le Huron (The Huron) is a French opéra comique in two acts by André Grétry. The libretto is by Jean-François Marmontel based on the story L'Ingénu (1767) by Voltaire. It was the composer's first big success with Parisian audiences.

L'Ingénu
L'Ingénu (US: /ˌlɑːnʒəˈnuː/ LAHN-zhə-NOO, UK: /ˈlænʒeɪnjuː/ LAN-zhay-new, French: [lɛ̃ʒeny]), sometimes subtitled The Sincere Huron in English, is a satirical novella by the French philosopher Voltaire, published in 1767.
Genet (animal)
A genet (pronounced /ˈdʒɛnɪt/ or /dʒəˈnɛt/) is a member of the genus Genetta, which consists of 17 species of small African carnivorans. The common genet is the only genet present in Europe and occurs in the Iberian Peninsula, Italy and France.

Genet fossils from the Late Miocene and later have been found at sites in Ethiopia, Kenya and Morocco.

Near-threatened species
A near-threatened species is a species which has been categorized as "Near Threatened" (NT) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as that may be vulnerable to endangerment in the near future, but it does not currently qualify for the threatened status.

The IUCN notes the importance of reevaluating near-threatened taxa at appropriate intervals.

The rationale used for near-threatened taxa usually includes the criteria of vulnerable which are plausible or nearly met, such as reduction in numbers or range. Those designated since 2001 that depend on conservation efforts to not become threatened are no longer separately considered conservation-dependent species.
Shane Theriot
Shane Theriot (/ˈtɛrioʊ/; born October 3, 1972) is an American guitarist, composer, and producer. He is the musical director, guitarist, and band leader for Hall & Oates and musical director/guitarist for the television show Live from Daryl's House. As a composer for TV his music has been used by ESPN, HBO, and Showtime Networks. He is the author of several books on guitar styles, including New Orleans Funk Guitar Styles, and instructional DVDs.

Showtime Networks
Showtime Networks, Inc. is a subsidiary of American media conglomerate Paramount Skydance Corporation under its networks division that oversees the company's premium cable television channels, including its flagship namesake service. It was founded on September 6, 1983.
Diocese of Moramanga
The (Roman Catholic) Diocese of Moramanga (Dioecesis Moramanganus) is located in the east of Madagascar. It is a suffragan diocese of the Ecclesiastical Province of the Archdiocese of Toamasina.

The diocese was created on May 13, 2006 by splitting off the territory from the diocese of Ambatondrazaka. As its first bishop Gaetano Di Pierro S.C.I. was selected, who was previously auxiliary bishop of Ambatondrazaka. The cathedral of the diocese is the Sacred Heart of Jesus church in Moramanga.

The diocese covers an area of 12,064 km2, and borders the diocese of Ambatondrazaka to the north, the archdiocese of Toamasina to the east and south, and the archdiocese of Antananarivo to the west. It is subdivided into 3 parishes. 110,000 of the 348,000 people in the area belong to the Catholic Church.

Dehonians
The Congregation of the Priests of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (Latin: Congregatio Sacerdotum a Sacro Corde Iesu), also called the Dehonians, is a Catholic clerical religious congregation of pontifical right for men.
Jubilee Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin"
The Jubilee Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin" (Russian: Юбилейная медаль В ознаменование 100-летия со дня рождения Владимира Ильича Ленина») was a state commemorative medal of the Soviet Union established by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet on November 5, 1969 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Lenin.  Its statute was amended on July 18, 1980, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. It was awarded to eminent members of Soviet society, the military leadership and foreign members of the international communist and labour movements.

Polish Armed Forces rank insignia
This article presents the military ranks of the entire Polish Armed Forces as well as the rank insignia used today. The system of rank insignia is a direct descendant of various systems used throughout history by the Polish Army. Some of the grades trace their name back to the Middle Ages, for instance the rank of chorąży literally means a flag bearer or an Ensign.

Names of Polish ranks are often of foreign origin, like the ones introduced by the 17th-century mercenaries serving for the Polish Crown. These include the rank of kapral, which is a derivative of the Italian caporale - much like the English equivalent of corporal.
Gorontalese cuisine
Gorontalese cuisine or Gorontalo cuisine is the traditional cuisine of the Gorontalese People of the Gorontalo Peninsula, North Sulawesi island, Indonesia. It is also known as Hulontalo cuisine by perantauan (migrating) Gorontalo people, after "Hulontalo", the name for Gorontalo in the Gorontalo language.

Gorontalese cuisine is known for its fresh seafood, and liberal use of spices and herbs.

The strategic location of Gorontalo, with the Celebes Sea and Pacific Ocean to the north and the Gulf of Tomini to the south, made the Gorontalo region a strategic shipping route in the past. This history has formed the roots of a unique and distinctive culture in Gorontalo, including its unique dishes.

Along with the division of Gorontalo into a province and its separation from North Sulawesi, Gorontalo's cuisine has become an increasingly popular and well-recognized as part of Indonesia's national culinary heritage.

Gulf of Tomini
The Gulf of Tomini (Indonesian: Teluk Tomini), also known as the Bay of Tomini, is the equatorial gulf which separates the Minahassa (Northern) and East Peninsulas of the island of Sulawesi (Celebes) in Indonesia. The Togian Islands lie near its center. To the east, the Gulf opens onto the Molucca Sea.
Matt Lawrence (producer)
Matt Lawrence is a British Grammy Award-winning engineer, record producer and mixer.

In 2011 Lawrence was nominated for Recording Engineer of the year at The Music Producers Guild Awards.

The following year Lawrence won a Grammy for his work on Mumford & Sons Babel album, which debuted at number one in both the UK Albums Chart and the US Billboard 200, becoming the fastest-selling album of the year.

Lawrence has worked with a vast array of UK and international artists, including: Adele, Amy Winehouse, Bat For Lashes, Beyoncé, Black Eyed Peas, Bjork, Ellie Goulding, Emeli Sande, Eric Clapton, Foals, George Ezra, George Michael, Groove Armada, Frank Turner, Interpol, Keane, Kylie, Kodaline, Lady Gaga, Jeff Beck, Joan Armatrading, Laura Marling, Macy Gray, Magnetic Man, Naughty Boy, One Direction, Paloma Faith, Scissor Sisters, Slaves, Shirley Bassey, Sugababes, Tom Walker, The Clash, The Rolling Stones, The White Stripes, The Who, The Vaccines, U2, Van Morrison, You Me At Six.

Magnetic Man
Magnetic Man is an English electronic music project from London, consisting of dubstep producers and DJs Benga, Skream and Artwork (previously known as Menta). The trio first met in the late 1990s at the Big Apple Records store in Croydon. They performed using three computers, one playing drum samples, one playing basses and the third playing leads and other samples. Artwork controlled the master laptop, to which the other two are synchronized via MIDI. Their sets usually consisted of a mix of original tracks produced together, and live remixes of Benga and Skream's tracks, accompanied by synchronized projected visuals by Novak Collective. They signed to Columbia Records in 2010. Magnetic Man completed their first full-length sellout tour on 5 November 2010. Their self-titled debut studio album, Magnetic Man, was released through Sony by Columbia Records on 10 October 2010.
Mother's Brewing Company
Mother's Brewing Company is an independent microbrewery in the heart of downtown Springfield, Missouri, USA, brewing beer since 2011. The beers are currently distributed in the majority of Missouri, Arkansas, and the most eastern portion of Kansas.

Craft beer
Craft beer is beer manufactured by craft breweries, which typically produce smaller amounts of beer than larger "macro" breweries and are often independently owned. Such breweries are generally perceived and marketed as emphasising enthusiasm, new flavours, and varied brewing techniques.

The microbrewery movement began in both the United States and United Kingdom in the 1970s, although traditional artisanal brewing existed in Europe for centuries and subsequently spread to other countries. As the movement grew, and some breweries expanded their production and distribution, the more encompassing concept of craft brewing emerged. A brewpub is a pub that brews its own beer for sale on the premises.
Compases para preguntas ensimismadas
Compases para preguntas ensimismadas is a musical composition for viola, strings, wind sextet and percussion by the German composer Hans Werner Henze.

It was written during 1969–70. The title is taken from lines in Spanish by the Chilean poet Gaston Salvatore, means literally metres for questions absorbed in self-contemplation. The viola part is the monologue-like centre of the work, in a way parallel to Alban Berg's Violin Concerto, which according to some reviewers it appears to directly reference.

It was commissioned by Paul Sacher for the Japanese viola player Hirofumi Fukai, who gave the premiere in Basel on 11 February 1971, and subsequently recorded it under the composer's direction.

Monologue
In theatre, a monologue (also spelled monolog in American English) (in Greek: μονόλογος, from μόνος mónos, "alone, solitary" and λόγος lógos, "speech") is a speech presented by a single character, most often to express their thoughts aloud, though sometimes also to directly address another character or the audience. Monologues are common across the range of dramatic media (plays, films, etc.), as well as in non-dramatic media such as poetry. Monologues share much in common with several other literary devices including soliloquies, apostrophes, and asides. There are, however, distinctions between each of these devices.
Adcock River
The Adcock River is a river in the Kimberley region of Western Australia.

The headwaters of the river rise in the Philips Range near Qodesh then flow in a south-easterly direction parallel with the Wunaamin-Miliwundi Ranges and past Mount House, Mount Clifton and Mount Hamilton before merging with the Fitzroy River near Fitzroy Bluff.

The Adcock has three tributaries: Throssel River, Annie Creek and Walsh Creek.

Frank Hann named the river in 1898 after Charles and William Adcock of Derby: Hann explained: "Messrs Adcock Bros of Derby were very kind to me and provided exceedingly reasonable in the important matter of a supply of rations."

The traditional owners of the areas around the river are the Nyikina people.

Fish such as Greenway's grunter, the flathead goby and the false spotted gudgeon have been found within the river system.

Derby, Western Australia
Derby (/ˈdɜːrbi/ DUR-bee) is a town in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. At the 2021 census, Derby had a population of 3,222 with 41.5% of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent. Along with Broome and Kununurra, it is one of only three towns in the Kimberley to have a population over 2,000. Located on King Sound, Derby has the highest tides in Australia, with the differential between low and high tide reaching 11.8 metres (39 ft).
Red Oak, Virginia
Red Oak is an unincorporated community in Charlotte County, Virginia, United States. Red Oak is located on U.S. Route 15, 8.8 miles (14.2 km) west of Chase City. Red Oak has a post office with ZIP code 23964, which opened on July 31, 1839. The Salem School and the Toombs Tobacco Farm, both of which are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, are located in Red Oak.

U.S. Route 15 in Virginia
U.S. Route 15 (US 15) is a part of the United States Numbered Highway System that runs from Walterboro, South Carolina, to Painted Post, New York. In Virginia, the U.S. Highway runs 230.37 miles (370.74 km) from the North Carolina state line near Clarksville north to the Maryland state line at the Potomac River near Lucketts. US 15 is a major north–south highway through the Piedmont of Virginia, connecting Clarksville and Farmville in Southside with Culpeper, Warrenton, and Leesburg in Northern Virginia.
Wolverine Lake (Cochrane District)
Wolverine Lake is a lake in geographic Hanlan Township and geographic Bannerman Township in Cochrane District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is in the James Bay drainage basin and is in the Valentine River system.

The primary inflows are the Valentine River, arriving from Hanlan Lake, at the southwest; and Wolverine Creek at the north. The primary outflow, at the east, is the Valentine River, which flows to Lac Pivabiska and then via the Pivabiska River, the Missinaibi River and the Moose River to James Bay.

Missinaibi River
The Missinaibi River is a river in northern Ontario, Canada, which flows northeast from Missinaibi Lake, north of Chapleau, and empties into the Moose River, which drains into James Bay. This river (including Missinaibi Lake and Moose River to James Bay) is 755 kilometres (469 mi) in length. It is one of the longest free-flowing and undeveloped rivers in Ontario.

The river's name (masinâpôy sîpiy, ᒪᓯᓈᐴᔾ ᓰᐱᔾ) means "pictured waters" in the Cree language which is thought to refer to the pictographs found on rock faces along the river.

At Thunderhouse Falls, which is actually a chain of relatively small waterfalls connected by violent rapids, the river drops 40 metres, part of its descent from the Canadian Shield to the Hudson Bay Lowlands.
Dương Thị Thục
Dương Thị Thục (chữ Hán: 楊氏熟; 1868–1944), was an empress dowager of Vietnam between 1923 and 1933. She was the mother of emperor Khải Định of the Nguyễn dynasty. She was the concubine of emperor Đồng Khánh. She had never been empress consort, but was given the title of empress dowager in her capacity as the mother of the emperor.

Khải Định
Khải Định (Vietnamese: [xa᷉ːj ɗîŋ̟ˀ]; chữ Hán: 啓定; born Nguyễn Phúc Bửu Đảo; 8 October 1885 – 6 November 1925) was the 12th emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty in Vietnam, reigning from 1916 to 1925. His name at birth was Prince Nguyễn Phúc Bửu Đảo. He was the son of Emperor Đồng Khánh, but he did not succeed him immediately.
Seize the Day Inc.
Seize the Day was an American conservative motivational seminar company located in Winchester, Nevada.

Motivational speakers included Laura Bush, Bill O'Reilly, Terry Bradshaw, Ben Stein, Phil Town, and others. The seminars were held in major arenas in larger U.S. cities, and the events were titled "Seize the Day + city name" (e.g. "Seize the Day Columbus").

The 2010 and unique edition of the event was organized almost at the same time as the very similar event Get Motivated.

Ben Stein
Benjamin Jeremy Stein (born November 25, 1944) is an American writer, lawyer, actor, comedian, and commentator on political and economic issues. He began his career as a speechwriter for U.S. presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford before entering the entertainment field as an actor, comedian, and game show host. He is best known on screen as the economics teacher in Ferris Bueller's Day Off, as the host of Win Ben Stein's Money, and as Dr. Arthur Neuman in The Mask and Son of the Mask. Stein also co-wrote and starred in the controversial 2008 film Expelled which was widely criticized for promoting pseudoscientific intelligent design creationist claims. Stein is the son of economist and writer Herbert Stein, who worked at the White House under President Nixon. As a character actor, he is well known for his droning, monotonous delivery. In comedy, he is known for his deadpan delivery.
Galičnik
Galičnik (Macedonian: Галичник) is a mountain village in North Macedonia and along with Lazaropole is one of the two biggest and oldest Mijak villages in the region. Galičnik has well-preserved traditional architecture, including an amphitheater in the village square, and is famous for its surrounding countryside and nature reserve. The village is known for the Galička Svadba, a traditional wedding custom held annually in summer (in July), on the day of the village feast of the Patron Saint – Petrovden (St. Peter's day). During the wedding, local men will dance the "Teškoto" (the "hard" or "heavy").

Amphitheatre
An amphitheatre  (American English: amphitheater) is an open-air venue used for entertainment, performances, and sports. The term derives from the ancient Greek ἀμφιθέατρον (amphitheatron), from ἀμφί (amphi), meaning "on both sides" or "around" and θέατρον (théātron), meaning "place for viewing".

Ancient Greek theatres were typically built on hillsides and semi-circular in design. The first amphitheatre may have been built at Pompeii around 70 BC. Ancient Roman amphitheatres were oval or circular in plan, with seating tiers that surrounded the central performance area, like a modern open-air stadium. In contrast, both ancient Greek and ancient Roman theatres were built in a semicircle, with tiered seating rising on one side of the performance area.

Modern English parlance uses "amphitheatre" for any structure with sloping seating, including theatre-style stages with spectator seating on only one side, theatres in the round, and stadia. They can be indoor or outdoor.