hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Reginald Cholmondeley
Reginald Cholmondeley JP DL (20 April 1826 – 10 February 1896) of Condover Hall, Shropshire, was an English landowner, artist and collector. He was a Justice of the Peace and Deputy Lieutenant of Shropshire and held the rank of Major, 1st battalion 28th Shropshire Rifle Volunteers. The Condover estate passed to him on the death of his brother, Thomas, in 1864.

Antonio Maria Vassallo
Antonio Maria Vassallo (c. 1620–1664/1673) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active mainly in Genoa, and painting mythologic scenes and still lifes.

His biography is poorly documented, and mainly depends on the Genoese biographer Raffaele Soprani (1674) as a source. He initially apprenticed with Vincenzo Malò (c. 1605–c. 1650), a Flemish artist who had studied with Teniers the Elder and Rubens. Vassallo appears to have been influenced by his fellow Genoese Sinibaldo Scorza and Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione.

He painted a St. Francis with Three female saints (1648) for the church of San Gerolamo in Quarto. Vassallo also painted a Martyrdom of Saint Marcello Mastrilli' (1664) for the Convento di Carignano.
Vassallo is known to have painted portraits, yet no portraits by Vassallo are known to survive.

The closest follower of Vassallo's still-life style is Giovanni Agostino Cassana (c. 1658–1720).
Richeze
Richeze is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adrián Richeze (born 1989), Argentine cyclist

Mauro Richeze (born 1985), Argentine cyclist

Maximiliano Richeze (born 1983), Argentine cyclist

Roberto Richeze (born 1981), Argentine cyclist and brother of Adrián, Mauro, and Maximiliano

Maximiliano Richeze
Ariel Maximiliano Richeze Araquistain (born 7 March 1983) is an Argentine professional cyclist, who competed as a professional from 2006 until January 2023. Richeze won the silver medal at the 2015 Pan American Games (Men's Team Pursuit). His brothers Roberto, Mauro and Adrián are also cyclists.
Kuusamo
Kuusamo (Finnish: [ˈkuːsɑmo]; Northern Sami: Guossán; Inari Sami: Kuáccám; Russian: Куусамо) is a town and municipality in Finland. It is located in Koillismaa, the northeastern part of the Northern Ostrobothnia region. The municipality has a population of 14,784 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 5,808.92 square kilometres (2,242.84 sq mi) of which 830.81 km2 (320.78 sq mi) is water. The population density is 2.97 inhabitants per square kilometre (7.7/sq mi).

The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

Kuusamo is a major center for winter sports and receives approximately a million tourists every year. One of the largest ski resorts in Finland, Ruka, is situated in Kuusamo. Ruka is also the host of many international competitions in ski jumping, cross-country skiing, and Nordic combined. The 2005 World Championships of Freestyle Skiing was held in Kuusamo. Kuusamo Airport is located 6 kilometres (4 mi) northeast of Kuusamo's town centre.

FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships
The FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships is the world championship organized by the FIS for freestyle skiing. It was first organized in 1986 and is now held every odd year. Currently, the disciplines included in the World Championships are Aerials, Moguls, Dual Moguls, Ski cross, Half-pipe, Slopestyle and Big air. Formerly, Acroski and a combined event were held.
New London Academy (Pennsylvania)
The New London Academy was the first public school established in Pennsylvania. It was formed in 1743, by Presbyterian minister Francis Alison, as a "Free School" in his home in New London, Pennsylvania. Among its alumni were George Read, Thomas McKean and John Dickinson.

During its early years, the school was run under the auspices of the Philadelphia Synod of the Presbyterian Church. The school changed its name and location several times, moving to Newark, Delaware, by 1765.

The original building in New London later housed the New London High School. Students from New London now attend the Avon Grove High School.

Newark, Delaware
Newark (/ˈnjuːɑːrk/ NEW-ark) is a city in New Castle County, Delaware, United States. Home to the University of Delaware, it is located 8 miles (13 km) west-southwest of Wilmington and 28 miles (45 km) southwest of Philadelphia. According to the 2020 census, the town's population is 30,601. It constitutes part of the Delaware Valley, and the Philadelphia metropolitan area.
Sandfields West
Sandfields West (Welsh: Gorllewin Traethmelyn) is an electoral ward and a community of Neath Port Talbot county borough, Wales.    It is part of the Senedd constituency of Aberavon and the UK constituency of Aberafan Maesteg. The ward elects three county councillors to Neath Port Talbot County Borough Council.

Neath Port Talbot County Borough Council
Neath Port Talbot County Borough Council (or simply Neath Port Talbot Council) is the local authority for the county borough of Neath Port Talbot, one of the 22 principal areas of Wales. The council is based at the Civic Centre in Port Talbot. The council was controlled by the Labour Party from its creation in 1996 until 2022, when Plaid Cymru and a group of independent councillors agreed to share power.
BCAS1
Breast carcinoma-amplified sequence 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BCAS1 gene.

Breast carcinoma amplified sequence 1 (BCAS1) was isolated from a region at 20q13 which is amplified in a variety of tumor types and associated with more aggressive tumor phenotypes. Among the genes identified from this region, BCAS1 was found to be highly expressed in three amplified breast cancer cell lines and in one breast tumor without amplification at 20q13.2. However, the BCAS1 gene is not in the common region of maximal amplification and its expression was not detected in the breast cancer cell line MCF7, in which this region is highly amplified. Although not consistently expressed, BCAS1 is a candidate oncogene. It is predicted to encode a protein of 584 amino acids with no significant homology to other proteins.

MCF-7
MCF-7 is a breast cancer cell line.  MCF-7 is the acronym of Michigan Cancer Foundation-7, referring to the institute in Detroit where the cell line was established in 1973 by Herbert Soule and co-workers. The Michigan Cancer Foundation is now known as the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute.

MCF-7 and two other breast cancer cell lines, named T-47D and MDA-MB-231, account for more than two-thirds of all abstracts reporting studies on mentioned breast cancer cell lines, as concluded from a Medline-based survey.
Impossibility Challenger
Impossibility Challenger is an event in which amateurs and professionals meet, and try to excel, with records and world records set up. The event takes place in different locations each year, mostly in Europe, and is organized by the Sri Chinmoy Centers.

Amateur
An amateur (from French 'one who loves') is generally considered a person who pursues an avocation independent from their source of income. Amateurs and their pursuits are also described as popular, informal, self-taught, user-generated, DIY, and hobbyist.
Pristimantis curtipes
Pristimantis curtipes is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is found in the Nariño Department of southern Colombia and in the Andes of Ecuador south to Desierto de Palmira (Chimborazo Province).

Nariño Department
Nariño (Spanish pronunciation: [naˈɾiɲo]) is a department of Colombia named after independence leader Antonio Nariño. Its capital is Pasto. It is in the west of the country, bordering Ecuador and the Pacific Ocean.

Nariño has a diverse geography and varied climate according to altitude: hot in the plains of the Pacific and cold in the mountains, where most of the population resides, a situation that is repeated in a north-south direction. Other important cities include Tumaco and Ipiales.
North Carolina state troops in the American Revolution
North Carolina state troops in the American Revolution were the initial military units created in a transition from the Province of North Carolina under British rule to independence from British rule.  Most units did not last long as such and were either transferred to the Continental Army or state militia instead.

Salisbury District
Salisbury was a local government district in Wiltshire, England from 1974 to 2009. Its main urban area was the city of Salisbury.

The district was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 and the English Non-metropolitan Districts (Definition) Order 1972, as a merger of the previous municipal boroughs of Salisbury and Wilton, along with Amesbury Rural District, Mere and Tisbury Rural District and Salisbury and Wilton Rural District.

On 1 April 2009, the district was abolished as part of the structural changes to local government in England, when its functions were taken over by the new Wiltshire unitary authority. At the same time, a parish council for Salisbury and its suburbs was formed, called Salisbury City Council.
2017 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Women's combined
The Women's Combined in the 2017 FIS Alpine Skiing World Cup involved three events, first a super-combined (downhill and one run of slalom), and then two Alpine combined (a Super-G and one run of slalom).  Downhill champion Ilka Štuhec of Slovenia  won the super-combined and held on to win the season championship. Interestingly, in only her second race in the combined discipline ever, overall World Cup champion Mikaela Shiffrin won the final race.

The season was interrupted by the 2017 World Ski Championships, which were held from 6–20 February in St. Moritz, Switzerland. The women's combined was held on 10 February.

At this time, combined races were not included in the season finals, which were held in 2017 in Aspen, Colorado (USA).

Mikaela Shiffrin
Mikaela Pauline Shiffrin (born March 13, 1995) is an American alpine skier. Shiffrin is the most decorated American alpine skier in World Championships history. She has the most World Cup wins of any alpine skier in history (men or women) and is the only one to have reached the milestone of 100 victories. She is a three-time Olympic gold medalist, four time Olympic medalist, an eight-time World Championships gold medalist (including four titles in slalom), a five-time overall World Cup champion, and a nine-time winner of the World Cup slalom discipline title. Shiffrin, at 18 years and 345 days, became the youngest slalom gold medalist in Olympic history in 2014.

Shiffrin won her eighth career Alpine world championships gold medal on February 11, 2025, taking her overall tally to 15 medals from 18 career world championship races, and making Shiffrin the most successful skier in the modern era. She was named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by Time magazine in 2023.
Antonio Beccadelli (poet)
Antonio Beccadelli (1394–1471), called Il Panormita (poetic form meaning "The Palermitan"), was an Italian poet, canon lawyer, scholar, diplomat, and chronicler. He generally wrote in Latin.  Born in Palermo, he was the eldest son of the merchant Enrico di Vannino Beccadelli, who had played an active role in Sicilian politics, serving as Praetor of Palermo in 1393.

He helped his father with his business until he became consumed with enthusiasm for humanistic studies.

Praetor
Praetor (/ˈpriːtər/ PREE-tər, Classical Latin: [ˈprae̯tɔr]), also pretor, was the title granted by the government of ancient Rome to a man acting in one of two official capacities: (i) the commander of an army, and (ii) as an elected magistratus (magistrate), assigned to discharge various duties. The functions of the magistracy, the praetura (praetorship), are described by the adjective itself: the praetoria potestas (praetorian power), the praetorium imperium (praetorian authority), and the praetorium ius (praetorian law), the legal precedents established by the praetores (praetors). Praetorium, as a substantive, denoted the location from which the praetor exercised his authority, either the headquarters of his castra, the courthouse (tribunal) of his judiciary, or the city hall of his provincial governorship. The minimum age for holding the praetorship was 39 during the Roman Republic, but it was later changed to 30 in the early Empire.
Vangueria infausta
Vangueria infausta, the medlar or African medlar, is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae, which is native to the southern and eastern Afrotropics. Some other names for V. infausta in Southern African languages include Mpfilwa in Tsonga, ngayi in Tonga, mmilo in Northern Sotho, muzwilu in Venḓa, umviyo in Southern Ndebele, mothwani in Tswana and umtulwa in Zulu.

The fruits are consumed by humans and have a pleasant apple-like flavor. The specific name infausta alludes to a superstition that an evil spirit lives within the tree and the misfortune from its use as firewood which is said to 'unlock' the evil spirit from the wood. 
Many indigenous african names for V. infausta come from the Prot-Bantu mìdìdò (plural "fires").

Southern Bantu languages
The Southern Bantu or siNtu languages are a large group of Bantu languages, largely validated in Janson (1991/92). They are nearly synonymous with Guthrie's Bantu zone S, apart from the debated exclusion of Shona and inclusion of Makhuwa. They include all of the major Bantu languages of South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Eswatini, and Mozambique, with outliers such as Lozi in Zambia and Namibia, and Ngoni in Zambia, Tanzania and Malawi.
2F-Viminol
2F-Viminol is a pyrrole derived opioid analgesic drug, which was originally developed by a team at the drug company Zambon in the 1960s. It is around twice as potent as the parent compound viminol, though unlike viminol, 2F-viminol has never passed clinical trials or been approved for medical use. 2F-Viminol has been sold as a designer drug, first being identified in Sweden in 2019. It is one of a number of structurally atypical opioid agonists to have appeared on the designer drug grey-market since broad controls over fentanyl analogues were introduced in China in 2015. It was made illegal in Sweden in August 2019 and in Latvia in November 2019.

Zambon
Zambon is an Italian company that has been operating in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industry since 1906. The company is currently run by Elena Zambon who is the daughter of the founder.

Headquartered in Bresso, in the Province of Milan, the company has business operations in three continents: Europe, South America and Asia. The company employs approximately 2,600 people in 15 countries and its integrated organisation consists of Zambon Company SpA, the industrial holding company for the group which comprises Zach System (fine chemicals), Zambon SpA (pharmaceuticals) and Z-Cube (Research Venture).
LDT
LDT may stand for:

Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, a nucleus in the brain stem

Laboratory developed test,  in vitro diagnostics

Labordatentransfer, a German xDT format to transfer laboratory tests

Large deviations theory, field of probability theory

Learning Design and Technology, an academic program

Lexical decision task in psychology experiments

Lightning Data Transport, later HyperTransport computer bus

Local Descriptor Table, an x86 data structure

Telbivudine or LdT, a drug for hepatitis B

Computer file extension for EULUMDAT

Lexical decision task
The lexical decision task (LDT) is a procedure used in many psychology and psycholinguistics experiments. The basic procedure involves measuring how quickly people classify stimuli as words or nonwords.

Although versions of the task had been used by researchers for a number of years, the term lexical decision task was coined by David E. Meyer and Roger W. Schvaneveldt, who brought the task to prominence in a series of studies on  semantic memory and word recognition in the early 1970s. Since then, the task has been used in thousands of studies, investigating semantic memory and lexical access in general.
Konta people
Konta people are an Omotic-speaking ethnic group indigenous to southwestern Ethiopia. According to 2007 census there are 83,607 Konta people, which makes up 0.11% of Ethiopia's total population. The population is distributed through south of Jimma and Gojeb River. Since the dissolution of North Omo Zone in 2000 most Konta live in Konta special woreda in Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region, where they make up around 85% of the total population. Konta language is the ancestral language of the Konta people, closely related to or a dialect of Dawro / Kullo. Most Konta adhere to Protestantism or Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. Konta economy is based on agriculture and people cultivate ensete, sweet potatoes, taro, beans, teff and maize.

Teff
Teff (Amharic: ጤፍ), Eragrostis tef, also known as Williams lovegrass and annual bunch grass, is an annual species of lovegrass native to Ethiopia, where it originated in the Ethiopian Highlands. It has been cultivated for its edible seeds, also called teff, since at least 1000 BCE and possibly as long ago as 4000 BCE. It is one of Ethiopia's most important staple crops. As a modern crop, it is low-yielding and susceptible to lodging; the tef shoot fly is a major pest.
Metropolitan Railroad
The Metropolitan Railroad was the second streetcar company to operate in Washington, D.C., the capital city of the United States. It was incorporated and started operations in 1864, running from the Capitol to the War Department and along H Street NW in downtown. It added lines on 9th Street NW, on 4th Street SW/SE, along Connecticut Avenue to Dupont Circle, to Georgetown, to Mount Pleasant and north along Georgia Avenue. In the late 19th century, it was purchased by the Washington Traction and Electric Company and on February 4, 1902, became a part of the Washington Railway and Electric Company.

East Capitol Street
East Capitol Street is a major street that divides the northeast and southeast quadrants of Washington, D.C., United States. It runs due east from the United States Capitol to the DC-Maryland border. The street is uninterrupted until Lincoln Park then continues eastward around the RFK Stadium campus. East of the stadium, East Capitol crosses the Anacostia River via the Whitney Young Memorial Bridge and then goes underneath Route 295 before crossing into Prince George's County, Maryland, where it becomes Maryland State Highway 214.

The western stretch of East Capitol Street passes through the Capitol Hill and Hill East neighborhoods. East Capitol Street is home to the Folger Shakespeare Library, US-Asia Institute, Les Aspin Center for Government, East Capitol Street Car Barn, D.C. Armory, and the future New Commanders Stadium.
1788–89 United States presidential election in New Hampshire
The 1788–89 United States presidential election in New Hampshire took place on January 7, 1789, as part of the 1788–89 United States presidential election to elect the first president. Voters chose five representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

New Hampshire unanimously voted for independent candidate and commander-in-chief of the Continental Army, George Washington. The total vote was composed of 1,759 for Federalist electors, all of whom were supportive of Washington. Several candidates of unknown affiliation also received votes.

Voters voted for electors on December 15, 1788, through a general ticket. As no elector candidate received the "requisite number for a choice," the election went to the legislature, which selected the five best-performing elector candidates from the top ten on January 7, 1789.

General ticket
The general ticket or party block voting (PBV), is a type of block voting in which voters opt for a party or a team of candidates, and the highest-polling party/team becomes the winner and receives 100% of the seats for this multi-member district. The party block voting is usually applied with more than one multi-member district to prevent one team winning all seats. This system has a winner-take-all nature similar to first-past-the-post voting for single-member districts, which is vulnerable to gerrymandering and majority reversals.

A related system is the majority bonus system, where a block of seats is awarded according to the winner of party-list proportional representation.
Emancipation Suite
Emancipation Suite #1 is a live album by multi-instrumentalist Alan Silva, saxophonist Kidd Jordan, and bassist William Parker. It was recorded in May 1999 at the Vision Festival, St. Nicholas of Myra Church in New York City, and was released in 2002 by Boxholder Records.

St. Nicholas of Myra Church (Manhattan)
40°43′40″N 73°58′58″W﻿ / ﻿40.727877°N 73.982653°W﻿ / 40.727877; -73.982653

The St. Nicholas of Myra Church is an American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese (ACROD) church dedicated to Saint Nicholas, located at 288 East 10th Street, on the corner of Avenue A in the East Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, across from Tompkins Square Park.

The church was built in 1883 as the Memorial Chapel of St. Mark's Church in-the-Bowery, designed in Gothic Revival style by James Renwick Jr. – who also designed Grace Church and St. Patrick's Cathedral – and W. H. Russell.  The chapel was a gift of Rutherfurd Stuyvesant, a descendant of the Dutch governor Peter Stuyvesant, in memory of his wife.

The church later became the Holy Trinity Slovak Lutheran Church, and then, in 1925, the ACROD rented it for use as the Church of St. Nicholas of Myra, and bought it outright in 1937.  The church draws its parishioners from the tri-state area: New York, New Jersey and Connecticut.
WSND-FM
WSND-FM (88.9 MHz) is a non-commercial FM radio station licensed to Notre Dame, Indiana.  It is owned by the University of Notre Dame and serves the South Bend – Mishawaka metropolitan area and other parts of Michigan and Indiana known as "Michiana".  The station airs classical music during the day.  In the evening, WSND-FM features other genres of music including jazz, folk, big bands, blues, Broadway showtunes and Celtic music.

WSND-FM's studios and offices are in the Duncan Student Center at Notre Dame.  The transmitter is off Ironwood Road in the southern section of South Bend.  Extended newscasts are heard at 7:30 am, 8:30 am, 12:30 pm, 4:30 pm, and 5:30 pm Monday through Friday, and at 12 pm on weekends.  The PBS Newshour airs weeknights at 7 p.m.

South Bend–Mishawaka metropolitan area
The South Bend–Mishawaka Metropolitan Statistical Area, sometimes referred to as Michiana, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties – one in northern Indiana (St. Joseph) and one in southwest Michigan (Cass), anchored by the cities of South Bend and Mishawaka in Indiana. As of the 2010 census, the MSA had a population of 319,224 (though a July 1, 2019 estimate placed the population at 318,192).
Zuppa toscana
Zuppa toscana (lit. 'Tuscan soup'), also known in Italy as minestra di pane (lit. 'bread soup'), is a soup from the region of Tuscany, northern Italy. While there are many variations, its most common ingredients are cannellini beans, potatoes, and kale.

Kale
Kale (/keɪl/), also called leaf cabbage, belongs to a group of cabbage (Brassica oleracea) cultivars primarily grown for their edible leaves, but it is also used as an ornamental plant. Its multiple different cultivars vary quite a bit in appearance; the leaves can be bumpy, curly, or flat, and the color ranges from purple to green.
Giafferi
Giafferi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Luiggi Giafferi (1668–1748), Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Corsica

Vincent de Moro-Giafferi (1878–1956), French criminal attorney

Vincent de Moro-Giafferi
Vincent de Moro-Giafferi (6 June 1878 in Paris – 22 November 1956) was a French criminal attorney.

Moro-Giafferi was the youngest person ever appointed to the Paris bar at the age of 24. Also active in politics, he was made a Deputy to the French National Assembly from Corsica at the age of 31 in 1919. As a member of the Radical Socialist Party, he was a strong supporter of French Premier Pierre Mendès France. A Radical deputy from 1919 to 1928, he then took part in the Rally of Left Republicans from 1946 to 1956.