hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Prehistoric North Africa
The prehistory of North Africa spans the period of earliest human presence in the region to gradual onset of  historicity in the Maghreb during classical antiquity. Early anatomically modern humans are known to have been present at Jebel Irhoud, in what is now Morocco, approximately 300,000 years ago. The Nile Valley region, via ancient Egypt, contributed to the Neolithic, Bronze Age and Iron Age periods of the Old World, along with the ancient Near East.

Cave painting
In archaeology, cave paintings are a type of parietal art (which category also includes petroglyphs, or engravings), found on the wall or ceilings of caves. The term usually implies prehistoric origin. Several groups of scientists suggest that the oldest of such paintings were created not by Homo sapiens, but by Denisovans and Neanderthals.

Discussion around prehistoric art is important in understanding the history of Homo sapiens and how human beings have come to have unique abstract thoughts. Some point to these prehistoric paintings as possible examples of creativity, spirituality, and sentimental thinking in prehistoric humans.
Jean Carles
Jean Carles (12 January 1892 – 8 July 1966) was a French perfumer who worked in Roure Bertrand Fils et Justin Duppont in Grasse (now part of Givaudan) in the early 20th century. He was the founder of the Roure Perfumery School
(French: De L'école de Parfumerie de Roure située à Grasse) and served as its first director in 1946.

Jean Carles was also the mentor of many perfumers including Monique Schlienger and Jacques Polge.

Despite becoming anosmic towards the end of his life, Carles created works such as Ma Griffe (Carven) and Miss Dior (Christian Dior) using only his memory of odours to guide him. His condition was only known to his son Marcel Carles, who assisted Jean by smelling and commenting on his creations. Due to this remarkable feat, Jean Carles is often compared to Beethoven who continued to compose music after becoming profoundly deaf.

Perfumer
A perfumer is an expert on creating perfume compositions, sometimes referred to affectionately as a nose (French: nez) due to their fine sense of smell and skill in producing olfactory compositions. The perfumer is effectively an artist who is trained in depth on the concepts of fragrance aesthetics and who is capable of conveying abstract concepts and moods with compositions. At the most rudimentary level, a perfumer must have a keen knowledge of a large variety of fragrance ingredients and their smells, and be able to distinguish each one alone or in combination with others. They must also know how each reveals itself over time. The job of the perfumer is very similar to that of flavourists, who compose smells and flavourants for commercial food products.
1P-LSD
1P-LSD, also known as 1-propionyl-LSD, is a psychedelic drug of the lysergamide family related to LSD. It is an ester derivative of LSD and a homologue of ALD-52 (1A-LSD). The drug originated in 2015 when it appeared as a designer drug sold online. It was first synthesized as a legal LSD alternative by Lizard Labs, a Netherlands based research chemical laboratory. It modifies the LSD molecule by adding a propionyl group to the nitrogen atom of LSD's indole group and is a prodrug of LSD.

Indole
Indole is an organic compound with the formula  C6H4CCNH3.  Indole is classified as an aromatic heterocycle. It has a bicyclic structure, consisting of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered pyrrole ring. Indoles are derivatives of indole where one or more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by substituent groups.  Indoles are widely distributed in nature, most notably as amino acid tryptophan and neurotransmitter serotonin.. In plants, IAA is a common plant hormone which is a derivative of Indole.
Shouldn't a Told You That
Shouldn't a Told You That is the third studio album by American country band Dixie Chicks, under the name the Dixie Chicks Cowgirl Band, released in 1993. It was their third and final album for the Crystal Clear Sound label, and last to feature singer-bassist Laura Lynch. Four years later, Natalie Maines joined, and the group released their 1998 breakthrough album Wide Open Spaces.

The title track, "Shouldn't a Told You That", was written by Walter Hyatt of the Austin cult band, Uncle Walt's Band. The track "There Goes My Dream" was previously recorded by Mark Collie for his album Born & Raised in Black & White in 1991.

Uncle Walt's Band
Uncle Walt's Band was an Americana band founded in Spartanburg, South Carolina, by 
Walter Hyatt, Champ Hood, and David Ball. They were among the most popular acoustic bands in Austin, Texas, during the late 1970s and early 1980s, and were particularly noted for their intricate 3-part vocal harmonies as well as a sound that combined traditional country motifs with jazz, bluegrass, and Beatles-esque influences.
Unterhaltungssoftware Selbstkontrolle
Unterhaltungssoftware Selbstkontrolle (Entertainment Software Self-Regulation Body, abbreviated USK) is the organisation responsible for video game ratings in Germany. In Austria, it is mandatory in the state of Salzburg, while PEGI is mandatory in Vienna.

Salzburg (state)
Salzburg (Austrian German: [ˈsaltsbʊrɡ], Northern German: [ˈzaltsbʊʁk] ⓘ; Bavarian: Soizbuag, also known as Salzburgerland; Italian: Salisburghese) is a state (Land) of Austria bordering Germany and Italy. In German, its official name is Land Salzburg, to distinguish it from its eponymous capital Salzburg.

The state of Salzburg is closely tied to the former Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg, an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire that existed for centuries until its secularization in 1803. After the Napoleonic Wars, the territory changed hands several times, becoming part of Austria, then briefly Bavaria, before being permanently incorporated into the Austrian Empire in 1816. In the 20th century, the region became a federated state of Austria and is today known for its Alpine landscapes, cultural heritage, and the annual Salzburg Festival.
Esther Bottomley
Esther Bottomley (born 8 February 1983) is an Australian cross-country skier who has competed since 2000. Competing in three Winter Olympics, she earned her best finish of 50th in the individual sprint event at Vancouver in 2010.

Bottomley's best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was 50th twice, both in the sprint event (2003. 2005).

Her best World Cup finish was 18th in a team sprint event at Canada in 2009.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships is a biennial Nordic skiing event organized by the International Ski Federation (FIS). The World Championships was started in 1924 for men and opened for women's participation in 1954. World Championship events include Nordic skiing's three disciplines: cross-country skiing, ski jumping, and Nordic combined (the latter being a combination sport consisting of both cross-country and ski jumping). The Winter Olympics from 1924 to 1980 were also the Nordic World Ski Championships. This meant that the Olympic champions were also World champions and received an additional medal from the International Ski Federation (FIS). Since 1985, the World Championships have been held in odd-numbered years.
Linda M. Williams
Linda Meyer Williams (born c. 1949) is an American sociologist and criminologist. She is senior research scientist at Wellesley Centers for Women and director of the Justice and Gender-Based Violence Research Initiative. She is also professor emerita of criminal justice and criminology at the University of Massachusetts Lowell, where she teaches graduate and undergraduate courses on child maltreatment, research methods, and gender, race and crime. Williams has researched in the field of psychology on topics including child abuse, family violence and violence against women, and trauma and memory (including recovered memory).

Child abuse
Child abuse (also called child endangerment or child maltreatment) is physical, sexual, emotional and/or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child, especially by a parent or a caregiver. Child abuse may include any act or failure to act by a parent or a caregiver that results in actual or potential wrongful harm to a child and can occur in a child's home, or in organizations, schools, or communities the child interacts with.

Different jurisdictions have different requirements for mandatory reporting and have developed different definitions of what constitutes child abuse, and therefore have different criteria to remove children from their families or to prosecute a criminal charge.
Order of the Auspicious Stars
The Order of the Auspicious Stars was the second highest order of chivalry of the Korean Empire. It was established in 1897 with other orders by Emperor Gojong, as part of reforms of the Korean Empire.

Korean Empire
The Korean Empire, officially the Empire of Korea or Imperial Korea, was a Korean monarchical state proclaimed in October 1897 by King Gojong of the Joseon dynasty. The empire lasted until the Japanese annexation of Korea in August 1910.

During this period, Emperor Gojong oversaw the Gwangmu Reform, a partial modernization and westernization of Korea's military, economy, land system, education system, and various industries. In 1905, the Korean Empire became a protectorate of the Empire of Japan. After the Japanese annexation in 1910, the Korean Empire ceased to exist.
O lucenti, o sereni occhi
O lucenti, o sereni occhi (HWV 144) is a dramatic secular cantata for soprano written by Georg Frideric Handel in 1707. Other catalogues of Handel's music have referred to the work as HG li, 28; (there is no HHA numbering). The title of the cantata translates as "O shining, o serene eyes".

Hallische Händel-Ausgabe
The Hallische Händel-Ausgabe ("Halle Handel Edition") is a multi-volume collection of the works of George Frideric Handel. It was first published in the 1950s: initially as an adjunct to the HG edition, but by 1958 as a collected edition in its own right. The collection's abbreviation of "HHA" can be used to identify individual works by Handel, for example Handel's Messiah can be referred to as "HHA i/17" (with the Roman numeral "i" designating "series 1"). For practical use, the HHA numbering of Handel's works has been superseded by the HWV numbering system.

Published by the George Frideric Handel Society, a major new edition comprising approximately 128 volumes is being released. It is expected to be completed by 2023 in the following configuration:
Sigmar Gabriel
Sigmar Hartmut Gabriel (born 12 September 1959) is a German politician who was the Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs from 2017 to 2018 and the vice-chancellor of Germany from 2013 to 2018. He was Leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) from 2009 to 2017, which made him the party's longest-serving leader since Willy Brandt. He was the Federal Minister of the Environment from 2005 to 2009 and the Federal Minister for Economic Affairs and Energy from 2013 to 2017. From 1999 to 2003 Gabriel was Minister-President of Lower Saxony.

He represented Salzgitter – Wolfenbüttel in the Bundestag.

Gabriel is a member of the Seeheimer Kreis, an official internal grouping of the party with liberal economic positions.

Friedrich Ebert Foundation
The Friedrich Ebert Foundation (German: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung e.V.; Abbreviation: FES) is a German political party foundation associated with, but independent from, the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). Established in 1925 as the political legacy of Friedrich Ebert, Germany's first president, it is the largest and oldest of the German party-associated foundations. It is headquartered in Bonn and Berlin, and has offices and projects in over 100 countries. It is Germany's oldest organisation to promote democracy, political education, and promote students of outstanding intellectual abilities and personality.
Bad Indians
Bad Indians: A Tribal Memoir is a mixed-genre book by Deborah Miranda published by Heyday Books in 2013. The book is part tribal history of the California Mission Indians and part family memoir. It combines different media and genres including oral histories, newspaper clippings, anthropological recordings, poems, and personal reflection to narrate the stories of Miranda's family, who were members of the Ohlone/Costanoan – Esselen Nation (a non-profit organization that self-identifies as a Native American tribe), along with the experiences of California Indigenous people from the time of the Spanish missions into the present.

Linda Hogan (writer)
Linda K. Hogan (née Henderson, born July 16, 1947) is an American poet, storyteller, academic, playwright, novelist, environmentalist and writer of short stories. 
She previously served as the Chickasaw Nation's writer in residence. Hogan is a recipient of the Lannan Literary Award for Poetry.
Sunday Times Rich List 2016
The Sunday Times Rich List 2016 is the 28th annual survey of the wealthiest people resident in the United Kingdom, published by The Sunday Times on 24 April 2016. Long-term compiler Philip Beresford was joined by Robert Watts for the 2016 list.

An estimated wealth of £103 million is required for entry in the 2016 list. Newly added to the list for the first time, and ranked in the top 100, are John Grayken, Christo Wiese, Sunil Vaswani & family, and Martin Moller.

John Grayken
John Patrick Grayken (born June 1956) is an American-born Irish billionaire financier, the founder and chairman of the private equity firm Lone Star Funds.

Forbes magazine ranked Grayken 424th in the list of World's Billionaires and listed his wealth as totaling $6.9 billion for 2024.
Urumqi Foreign Economic Relations and Trade Fair
Urumqi Foreign Economic Relations and Trade Fair (Chinese: 乌鲁木齐对外经济贸易洽谈会), commonly abbreviated as Urumqi Fair (Chinese: 乌洽会), is an annual trade fair held in Urumqi of Xinjiang, China, since it was started on September 2, 1992. Its purpose is to promote trading and market exploration in Northwestern China with foreign countries mainly in Central Asia. Urumqi Fair is the largest trade fair in Western China.

During the 17th Urumqi fair in September 2008, it was the first time that the fair saw participants from the Ministry of Commerce and the China Council for Promotion of International Trade. The last fair was held in 2010 before the event was upgraded to become the first China-Eurasia Expo in 2011.

Northwestern China
Northwestern China (Chinese: 中国西北地区) is a region in the People's Republic of China. It consists of five provincial administrative regions, namely Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, and Xinjiang.

The region is characterized by a (semi-)arid continental climate. It has a diverse population including significant ethnic minorities such as Hui, Uyghurs and Tibetans. Culturally, the region has historically been influenced by the Silk Road.
Naked in the Rain
"Naked in the Rain" is a song performed by English dance music group Blue Pearl and released as their debut single in 1990 by label Big Life. The song was co-written by Blue Pearl's singer Durga McBroom and producer Youth (also known as Martin Glover). It is featured on their album Naked. Graham Massey from English electronic music group 808 State was the track's remixer.

The song was a hit in the United Kingdom, reaching number four on the UK Singles Chart in July 1990, and later became a dance hit in the United States, reaching the top five on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart. A music video, directed by Richard Stanley, accompanied the song on its release, featuring McBroom performing in a tropical jungle-like scene mixed with scenes in an almost Third World setting, and visualizes the overall atmosphere of the song.

In 1998 the song was remixed and released as a single. Entitled "Naked in the Rain '98", the remixed version reached number 22 on the UK Singles Chart.

Richard Stanley (director)
Richard Stanley is a South African filmmaker, known for his work in the horror genre. He began his career making short films and music videos, and subsequently directed the feature films Hardware (1990) and Dust Devil (1992). He was the original director of The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996), but was fired early into principal photography due to creative differences, an episode recounted in the 2014 documentary Lost Soul: The Doomed Journey of Richard Stanley's Island of Dr. Moreau. In 2019, he returned to feature films after more than twenty years, directing the H. P. Lovecraft adaptation Color Out of Space.
2017–18 Nebraska Cornhuskers women's basketball team
The 2017–18 Nebraska Cornhuskers women's basketball team represented the University of Nebraska during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Cornhuskers, led by second-year head coach Amy Williams, played their home games at Pinnacle Bank Arena in Lincoln, Nebraska and were a member of the Big Ten Conference. They finished the season 21–11, 11–5 in Big Ten play, to finish in a three-way for third place. They advanced to the semifinals of the Big Ten women's tournament where they lost to Maryland. They received an at-large bid to the 2018 Division I women's tournament where they lost to Arizona State in the first round.

2018 Big Ten women's basketball tournament
The 2018 Big Ten women's basketball tournament was the postseason women's basketball tournament for the Big Ten Conference during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. It was held from February 28 through March 4, 2018 at Bankers Life Fieldhouse in Indianapolis. Ohio State defeated Maryland 79–69 in the championship game to win the tournament, and received the Big Ten's automatic bid to the 2018 NCAA tournament.
Jim Challinor
James Pevitt Challinor (2 August 1934 – 18 December 1976) was an English rugby union and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s and 1960s, and coached rugby league in the 1960s and 1970s. A Great Britain international representative three-quarter back, he played club level rugby league (RL) for Warrington (with whom he won the 1954 Challenge Cup), and Barrow (who he also captained). Challinor later coached Great Britain as well as Barrow, Liverpool City and St. Helens. Challinor is a Warrington Wolves Hall of Fame inductee, only two men have played in, and coached Rugby League World Cup winning Great Britain sides, they are; Eric Ashton, and Jim Challinor.

Knowsley Road
Knowsley Road was a former football stadium in Eccleston, St Helens, Merseyside. It was the home ground of St. Helens from 1890 until its closure in 2010. St Helens Town FC played their home fixtures at Knowsley Road from 2002 until 2010. For a period, the venue also hosted Liverpool F.C. Reserves. The stadium was demolished during spring 2011 and a new construction then known as Cunningham Grange, named after club legend Keiron Cunningham, was built on the site.
Heah Joo Seang
Heah Joo Seang (simplified Chinese: 连裕祥; traditional Chinese: 連裕祥; pinyin: Lián Yùxiáng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Liân Jū-siông) was a Malayan politician, business leader, rubber magnate, philanthropist and especially a supporter of education. Malaysia, as it has since become, only existed after Joo Seang's death. His contributions span three distinct periods in the country's history: the British Malaya period, the Malayan Union period, and the Federation of Malaya period.

Federation of Malaya
Malaya, officially the Federation of Malaya, was a country in Southeast Asia from 1948 to 1963. It succeeded the Malayan Union and, before that, British Malaya. It comprised eleven states – nine Malay states and two of the Straits Settlements, Penang and Malacca. It was established on 1 February 1948.

Initially a self-governing colony of the United Kingdom, Malaya became fully sovereign on 31 August 1957, and on 16 September 1963, Malaya was superseded by Malaysia when it united with Singapore, North Borneo (Sabah) and Sarawak. Singapore was expelled on 9 August 1965, leaving the original states of Malaya along with Sarawak and Sabah – now collectively known as East Malaysia – to form modern-day Malaysia, while the former Federation of Malaya is now referred to as Peninsular Malaysia or West Malaysia.
Rick Burns
Rick Burns is a Canadian politician who was elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly in the 2024 general election, representing Hammonds Plains-Lucasville as a member of the Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia.

Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia
The Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia, more commonly known as the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia, is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada. Like most conservative parties in Atlantic Canada, it has been historically associated with the Red Tory faction of Canadian conservatism. The party is currently led by Pictou East MLA Tim Houston. The party won a majority government in the 2021 provincial election. He called a snap election in 2024, increasing his party's majority mandate. The Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia and the Conservative Party of Canada are two separate entities.
Eckville, Pennsylvania
Eckville is an unincorporated community in far northern Berks County, Pennsylvania, United States. The town is located in an agricultural zone at the base of Blue Mountain, in northwestern Albany Township. Eckville is served by the Kutztown Area School District, and is approximately 17 miles (27 km) from the high school. It is near the head of the Pine Creek, which flows east-southeastward to the Maiden Creek.

Eckville is surrounded by mountains on three sides and is about six miles (9.7 km) west of Kempton. It is served by the Kempton post office, with the zip code of 19529. An access to the Appalachian Trail is just west of the village, which serves as an eastern gateway to Hawk Mountain Sanctuary.

Kutztown Area School District
The Kutztown Area School District is a public school district serving parts of Berks County, Pennsylvania. It encompasses the communities of Kutztown, Lyons, Maxatawny Township, Greenwich Township, Lenhartsville, and Albany Township. It features two elementary schools (Kutztown Elementary School and Greenwich Elementary School), one middle school (Kutztown Area Middle School), and one high school (Kutztown Area High School).
Kari Berggrav
Kari N. Berggrav (November 30, 1911 Norway - June 11, 1996 Lewisburg, Pennsylvania) was a pioneer Norwegian photojournalist and war photographer. Her career had two peaks; as a war photographer in Norway in 1940 (these pictures have been lost) and as a UN staff photographer in 1948. She was the daughter of engineer Oscar Nissen and Ellen Margrethe Grete Nissen (the family seem to have changed their name from Nissen to Berggrav). It was a prominent family; her uncle, her mother's brother, was Bishop Eivind Berggrav, the Lutheran bishop of Oslo and primate of Norway. When King   left Norway after his defeat by the Germans in WWII, he left Bishop Berggrav as leader of the administrative council. The bishop was soon imprisoned by the Gestapo, but managed to lead the resistance of the Norwegian church from within prison and survive the war.

War photography
War photography involves photographing armed conflict and its effects on people and places. Photographers who participate in this genre may find themselves placed in harm's way, and are sometimes killed trying to get their pictures out of the war arena.