hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Crandull, Tennessee
Crandull is an unincorporated community in Johnson County, Tennessee. Crandull is located on Tennessee State Route 133 7.1 miles (11.4 km) northwest of Mountain City.

Crandall was the terminus of the Beaver Dam Railroad, which was built from Damascus, Virginia to the Empire Lumber and Mining Company's mill at Crandall.

Mountain City, Tennessee
Mountain City is a town in and the county seat of Johnson County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 2,415 at the 2020 census. It is the northeasternmost county seat in Tennessee. In addition, at an elevation of 2,418 feet (737 m), it has the distinction of being the highest incorporated city in the state.
Sannois
Sannois (French pronunciation: [sanwa] ⓘ) is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 15.2 km (9.4 miles) from the center of Paris, in the Val-d'Oise department in Île-de-France in northern France.

Kilometre zero
Kilometre zero (or km 0), also known as zero mile marker or zero milepost, is a particular location (usually in the nation's capital city) from which traveled distances are traditionally measured, as in distance markers. Historically, they were markers where drivers could set their odometers to follow the directions in early roaming guidebooks.

One such marker is the Milliarium Aureum ("Golden Milestone") of the Roman Empire, believed to be the origin for the maxim "All roads lead to Rome".
Dioryctria peltieri
Dioryctria peltieri is a species of snout moth in the genus Dioryctria. It was described by Joseph de Joannis in 1908 and is known from Algeria.

The larvae feed on the cones of Cedrus atlantica species.

Joseph de Joannis
Joseph de Joannis (6 June 1864 La Meignanne, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire – 27 October 1932 Paris) was a French clergyman and lepidopterist. De Joannis was the president of the Société entomologique de France from 1908 to 1916. His father Léon-Daniel de Joannis (1803–1868) was an entomologist and an ichthyologist.

He was most notable for his discovery of Glyphodes mascarenalis and his two books on entomology: Descriptions de Lépidoptères nouveaux de l'ile Maurice in 1906 and Lépidoptères Hétérocères des Mascareigns et des Seychelles in 1915.
Fabry gap theorem
In mathematics, the Fabry gap theorem is a result about the analytic continuation of complex power series whose non-zero terms are of orders that have a certain "gap" between them. Such a power series is "badly behaved" in the sense that it cannot be extended to be an analytic function anywhere on the boundary of its disc of convergence.

The theorem may be deduced from the first main theorem of Turán's method.

Boundary (topology)
In topology and mathematics in general, the boundary of a subset S of a topological space X is the set of points in the closure of S not belonging to the interior of S. An element of the boundary of S is called a boundary point of S. The term boundary operation refers to finding or taking the boundary of a set.  Notations used for boundary of a set S include   and .
Over Thirty Months Scheme
The Over Thirty Months Scheme is a scheme to keep older cattle out of the human foodchain.  It is based on the "Over Thirty Months Rule" introduced in the UK on 3 April 1996, as one of several measures to manage the risk associated with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE).

By November 1997, about 1,772,000 cows had been slaughtered under the scheme, with compensation of 1 ecu per kg, reduced to .9 ecu in October 1996, and later to .8 ecu, and later still a 560 kg cap per animal.

The Royal Society of Edinburgh reviewed the scheme in 2003, in view of the steps taken to date, and the introduction of EU testing and inspection regime in 2001.

In November 2004 Farmer's Weekly announced that DEFRA intended to scrap the scheme "as early as July 2005".  The scheme was finally abolished in November 2005.  At the same time it became illegal to send cattle born before August 1996 to an abattoir for human consumption.

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) is a ministerial department of the government of the United Kingdom. The department is responsible for environmental protection, food production and standards, agriculture, fisheries and rural communities in England. Concordats set out agreed frameworks for cooperation, between it and the Scottish Government, Welsh Government and Northern Ireland Executive, which have devolved responsibilities for these matters in their respective nations.

Defra also leads for the United Kingdom on agricultural, fisheries and environmental matters in international negotiations on sustainable development and climate change, although a new Department of Energy and Climate Change was created on 3 October 2008 to take over the last responsibility; later transferred to the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy following Theresa May's appointment as Prime Minister in July 2016.
Frank N. Patterson Jr.
Frank Neville Patterson Jr. (March 11, 1917 – July 31, 1971) was a North Carolina politician who served in both houses of the North Carolina General Assembly.

A graduate of the University of North Carolina School of Law, Patterson, a Democrat, was an attorney and local judge in Stanly County. He was elected to one term in the North Carolina House of Representatives in 1958 and later to two terms in the North Carolina Senate in 1968 and 1970. He was elected Senate President Pro Tempore in 1971 but his tenure was short-lived, as he died later that year. Senators selected Gordon P. Allen to succeed him as Senate leader.

University of North Carolina School of Law
The University of North Carolina School of Law (branded as Carolina Law) is the law school of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Established in 1845, it is one of the oldest law schools in the United States and is the oldest law school in the state of North Carolina.
Bayombong Cathedral
Saint Dominic de Guzman Cathedral, commonly known as Bayombong Cathedral, is an 18th-century, Baroque Roman Catholic church located at Brgy. Don Tomas Maddela, Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. The cathedral, which is the seat of the Diocese of Bayombong, is under the patronage of Saint Dominic and was originally founded in 1739 by the Augustinian Friars of Spain.

Nueva Vizcaya
Nueva Vizcaya, officially the Province of Nueva Vizcaya, is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Its capital and largest town is Bayombong. It is bordered by Benguet to the west, Ifugao to the north, Isabela to the northeast, Quirino to the east, Aurora to the southeast, Nueva Ecija to the south, and Pangasinan to the southwest. Quirino province was created from Nueva Vizcaya in 1966.
Gonadal vein
In medicine, gonadal vein refers to the blood vessel that carries blood away from the gonad (testis, ovary) toward the heart. These are different veins in women (ovarian vein) and men (testicular vein), but share the same embryological origin.

The termination of the two gonadal veins in an individual is usually asymmetrical, with the left one draining into the left renal vein, and the right one draining into the inferior vena cava.

Blood vessel
Blood vessels  are the tubular structures of a circulatory system transporting blood in animal bodies. Blood vessels transport blood cells, nutrients, and oxygen to most of the tissues of a body, and also transport waste products and carbon dioxide away from the tissues. Some tissues – such as cartilage, epithelium, and the lens and cornea of the eye – are not supplied with blood vessels, so are termed avascular.

There are five types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the arterioles; the capillaries, where the exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and tissues occurs; the venules; and the veins, which carry blood from the capillaries back towards the heart.

The word, vascular, is derived from the Latin vas, meaning vessel, and is used in reference to blood vessels.
Streifeneder Albatros
The Streifeneder Albatros (English: Albatross) is a German mid-wing, gull wing, T-tailed, single-seat, FAI Standard Class glider that was designed by Hansjörg Streifeneder and produced by his company Glasfaser Flugzeug-Service GmbH.

The aircraft was first exhibited at the Aero show in Friedrichshafen, Germany, in April 2001.

Glider (sailplane)
A glider or sailplane is a type of glider aircraft used in the leisure activity and sport of gliding (also called soaring). This unpowered aircraft can use naturally occurring currents of rising air in the atmosphere to gain altitude. Sailplanes are aerodynamically streamlined, so they can fly a significant distance forward for a small decrease in altitude.

In North America, the term 'sailplane' is also used to describe this type of aircraft. In other parts of the English-speaking world, the word 'glider' is more common.
DJ Carcious
DJ Carcious (born Obeng-Boahen Hayford) is a Ghanaian disc jockey, radio presenter, and music producer. He is the DJ for the Mid-Morning Radio Show on YFM Kumasi. In 2023, he received the DJ/Artist Collaboration of the Year award at the Ghana DJ Awards for the single "Esther," which featured Bogo Blay and Medikal.

Strongman (rapper)
Osei Kwaku Vincent, also known as Strongman, Strongman Burner or Strong Gee is a Ghanaian rapper. He was recognized for winning the maiden edition of the Next Big Thing in GH Rap music which was a rap competition in Ghana.
CD278
Inducible T-cell costimulator (also called CD278) is an immune checkpoint protein that in humans is encoded by the ICOS (Inducible T-cell COStimulator) gene.
 
The protein belongs to the CD28 and CTLA-4 cell-surface receptor family. These are proteins expressed on the surface of immune cells that mediate signalling between them. A surface protein, the ligand, binds specifically to its receptor on another cell, leading to a signalling cascade in that cell.

Helper T cell
The T helper cells (Th cells), also known as CD4+ cells or CD4-positive cells, are a type of T cell that play an important role in the adaptive immune system. They aid the activity of other immune cells by releasing cytokines. They are considered essential in B cell antibody class switching, breaking cross-tolerance in dendritic cells, in the activation and growth of cytotoxic T cells, and in maximizing bactericidal activity of phagocytes such as macrophages and neutrophils. CD4+ cells are mature Th cells that express the surface protein CD4. Genetic variation in regulatory elements expressed by CD4+ cells determines susceptibility to a broad class of autoimmune diseases.
Sainyabuli
Sainyabuli, (Lao: ໄຊຍະບູລີ; alternatively spelled Sayaboury, Xaignabouli, Xayaburi, or Xayaboury) is the capital of Sainyabuli Province, Laos. It lies on Route 4 which along with Route 13 connects it to Luang Prabang, roughly 80 kilometres northeast by road and to the Thai border across the Luang Prabang Range in the southwest. Sainyabuli Airport lies southwest of the town.

The capital stands on the banks of the Nam Hung, a tributary of the Mekong River towards the northern end of the province. The area is allegedly a heartland for military involvement in illegal timber trade.

Mekong
The Mekong or Mekong River (UK: /miːˈkɒŋ/ mee-KONG, US: /ˌmeɪˈkɔːŋ/ may-KAWNG) is a transboundary river in East Asia and Southeast Asia. It is the world's twelfth-longest river and the third-longest in Asia with an estimated length of 4,909 km (3,050 mi) and a drainage area of 795,000 km2 (307,000 sq mi), discharging 475 km3 (114 cu mi) of water annually. From its headwaters in the Tibetan Plateau, the river runs through Southwest China (where it is officially called the Lancang River), Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and southern Vietnam. The extreme seasonal variations in flow and the presence of rapids and waterfalls in the Mekong make navigation difficult, though the river remains a major trade route between Tibet and Southeast Asia. The construction of hydroelectric dams along the Mekong in the 2000s through the 2020s has caused serious problems for the river's ecosystem, including the exacerbation of drought.
Kerama Airport
Kerama Airport (慶良間空港, Kerama Kūkō) (IATA: KJP, ICAO: ROKR) is an airport serving the Kerama Islands in Shimajiri District, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. It is located on Fukaji Island (外地島, Fukajijima), which is part of the Village of Zamami. The airport is linked by a road bridge to the islands of Geruma and Aka.

The prefecture operates the airport, which is classified as a third class airport. Kerama gained commercial flights on an on and off basis in 1984. In 2006 Ryukyu Air Commuter suspended flights.

Ryukyu Air Commuter
Ryukyu Air Commuter (RAC) is a Japanese regional airline headquartered in Naha, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. It operates domestic passenger services from the island of Okinawa to other islands of Okinawa Prefecture and the Amami Islands, Kagoshima Prefecture. It is owned by Japan Transocean Air (74.5%), Okinawa Prefecture (6.3%), Minamidaitō (4.8%) Kumejima (4.3%) Kitadaitō (4.0%) and other shareholders (6.1%).
Back Orifice 2000
Back Orifice 2000 (often shortened to BO2k) is a computer program designed for remote system administration. It enables a user to control a computer running the Microsoft Windows operating system from a remote location. The name is a pun on Microsoft BackOffice Server software.

BO2k debuted on July 10, 1999, at DEF CON 7, a computer security convention in Las Vegas, Nevada. It was originally written by Dildog, a member of US hacker group Cult of the Dead Cow. It was a successor to the cDc's Back Orifice remote administration tool, released the previous year. As of 2007, BO2k was being actively developed.

Whereas the original Back Orifice was limited to the Windows 95 and Windows 98 operating systems, BO2k also supports Windows NT, Windows 2000 and Windows XP. Some BO2k client functionality has also been implemented for Linux systems. In addition, BO2k was released as free software, which allows one to port it to other operating systems.

Microsoft BackOffice Server
Microsoft BackOffice Server is a discontinued computer software package featuring Windows NT Server and other Microsoft server products that ran on NT Server. It was marketed during the 1990s and early 2000s for use in branch operations and for small businesses to run their back office operations. 
The small business edition of BackOffice Server was released for versions 4.0 and 4.5. In 2000 it was spun off from the "BackOffice" brand, becoming a variant of Windows Server branded as Windows Small Business Server. BackOffice Server itself was discontinued on October 1, 2001.
World War II monuments and memorials in the Philippines
The Philippines being one of the major theaters of World War II, has commissioned a number of monuments, cemeteries memorials, preserved relics, and established private and public museums, as well as National Shrines, to commemorate battles and events during the invasion, occupation, and liberation of the country. The United States and Japan also has established a number of memorials in the country.

The National Historical Commission provides national level oversight for national shrines. However, there are local and private initiatives to commemorate battles, massacres, and local heroes.

The events of World War II has forged a national identity for the country, as well as established traditions for the Philippine military.

National Historical Commission of the Philippines
The National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP; Filipino: Pambansang Komisyong Pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas) is a government agency of the Philippines. Its mission is "the promotion of Philippine history and cultural heritage through research, dissemination, conservation, sites management and heraldry works." As such, it "aims to inculcate awareness and appreciation of the noble deeds and ideals of our heroes and other illustrious Filipinos, to instill pride in the Filipino people and to rekindle the Filipino spirit through the lessons of history."
Male intrasexual competition
In ethology, male intrasexual competition occurs when two males of the same species compete for the opportunity to mate with a female. Sexually dimorphic traits, size, sex ratio, and the social situation may all play a role in the effects male-male competition has on the reproductive success of a male and the mate choice of a female. Larger males tend to win male-male conflicts due to their sheer strength and ability to ward off other males from taking over their females. For instance, in the fly Dryomyza anilis, size shows the strongest correlation to the outcome of male-male conflicts over resources like territory and females.

Resource (biology)
In biology and ecology, a resource is a substance or object in the environment required by an organism for normal growth, maintenance, and reproduction. Resources can be consumed by one organism and, as a result, become unavailable to another organism. For plants key resources are light, nutrients, water, and space to grow. For animals key resources are food, water, and territory.
Honey Night
Honey Night (Macedonian: Медена ноќ, romanized: Medena noḱ) is a 2015 Macedonian drama film directed by Ivo Trajkov. The film was selected as the Macedonian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 88th Academy Awards but it was not nominated.

Romanization of Macedonian
The romanization of Macedonian is the transliteration of text in Macedonian from the Macedonian Cyrillic alphabet into the Latin alphabet. Romanization can be used for various purposes, such as rendering of proper names in foreign contexts, or for informal writing of Macedonian in environments where Cyrillic is not easily available. Official use of romanization by North Macedonia's authorities is found, for instance, on road signage and in passports. Several different codified standards of transliteration currently exist and there is widespread variability in practice.

Although used for transliteration, Macedonian Latin script is neither widespread nor used in any formal or semi-formal communication in Macedonia. The language law of Macedonia emphasizes Cyrillic as the only alphabet of Macedonian language.
William Kexby
William Kexby MA (aka William de Kexby; fl. 1376–1379) was a late 14th-century Master of University College, Oxford, England.

Kexby was a Fellow of University College and he subsequently became Master of the College. In 1379, he was Archdeacon of Cleveland.

University College, Oxford
University College, formally The Master and Fellows of the College of the Great Hall of the University commonly called University College in the University of Oxford and colloquially referred to as "Univ", is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. It has a claim to being the oldest college of the university, having been founded by William of Durham in 1249.

As of 2024, the college had an estimated financial endowment of £156.679 million, and their total net assets amounted to £255.431 million.

The college is associated with a number of influential people, including Clement Attlee, Harold Wilson, Bill Clinton, Festus Mogae, Stephen Hawking, C. S. Lewis, R.F. Kuang, William Beveridge, Bob Hawke, Robert Cecil, Tom Hooper, Percy Bysshe Shelley and Christian Cole, the first Black student to graduate from the university.
Volzhsky constituency
The Volzhsky constituency (No.84) is a Russian legislative constituency in Volgograd Oblast. It covers eastern Volgograd Oblast, Traktorozavodsky District of Volgograd and its satellite city Volzhsky.

The constituency has been vacant since May 20, 2025, following the resignation of four-term United Russia deputy Oleg Savchenko.

Nikolayevsky District, Volgograd Oblast
Nikolayevsky District (Russian: Никола́евский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-three in Volgograd Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Nikolayevsky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 3,440 square kilometers (1,330 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Nikolayevsk. Population: 32,034 (2010 Census); 34,285 (2002 Census); 35,145 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Nikolayevsk accounts for 47.1% of the district's total population.
Richardsen
Richardsen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Philipp Richardsen (born 1976), Austrian musician

Oddvar Richardsen (1937–1997), Norwegian footballer and manager

Rune Richardsen (born 1962), Norwegian footballer

Oddvar Richardsen
Oddvar Richardsen (5 June 1937 – 18 July 1997) was a Norwegian football striker and later manager.

He started his career in local clubs Tjalg and Brønnøysund, and the first from Brønnøysund to become Norwegian league champion. He played for Lillestrøm from 1957, becoming league champion in 1959. He represented Norway as an under-21, B and senior international. From 1967 to 1971 he played for Ull/Kisa.

After a time as player-coach of Ull/Kisa, in 1972 he coached Lillestrøm, and ahead of the 1973 season he joined Raumnes og Årnes IL.

His son Rune Richardsen was also capped for Norway. They were the eighth father-son combination to be capped.
Peter Barry (politician)
Peter Barry (10 August 1928 – 26 August 2016) was an Irish Fine Gael politician who served as Tánaiste from January 1987 to March 1987, Deputy leader of Fine Gael from 1977 to 1987 and 1991 to 1993, Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1982 to 1987, Minister for the Environment from 1981 to 1982, Minister for Education from 1976 to 1977, Minister for Transport and Power from 1973 to 1976 and Lord Mayor of Cork from 1970 to 1971. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1969 to 1997.

Leader of Fine Gael
The Leader of Fine Gael is the most senior politician within the Fine Gael political party in Ireland. The party leader is Simon Harris, who took up the role on 24 March 2024 after the resignation of Leo Varadkar.

The deputy leader of Fine Gael is Helen McEntee, whom Harris appointed on 19 October 2024 after her predecessor, Heather Humphreys, declared she would not contest the 2024 general election.
Doug Jarvis
Douglas McArthur Jarvis (born March 24, 1955) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey forward who played for the Montreal Canadiens, Washington Capitals and Hartford Whalers in the National Hockey League. He was a four-time Stanley Cup winner with the Canadiens.

Jarvis never missed a regular season game in his NHL career, which began on October 8, 1975, and ran until 1987; from 1986 until 2022, he held the NHL's longest-ever iron man streak. He previously served as an assistant coach for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League.  He is currently a senior advisor for the Vancouver Canucks.

1974–75 OMJHL season
The 1974–75 OMJHL season was the first season of the Ontario Major Junior Hockey League. The league operated semi-autonomously while still being part of the Ontario Hockey Association. The OMJHL inaugurated the William Hanley Trophy, awarded to the most sportsmanlike player. Eleven teams each played 70 games. The Toronto Marlboros won the J. Ross Robertson Cup, defeating the Hamilton Fincups.
Pedro Pinto (politician)
Pedro Miguel Soares Pinto (born July 1, 1977) is a Portuguese politician of the Chega party and a member of the Assembly of the Republic for Faro since 2022. He performs the functions of Secretary-General in the party and is part of the inner circle of president André Ventura.

Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)
The Assembly of the Republic (Portuguese: Assembleia da República, pronounced [ɐsẽˈblɐjɐ ðɐ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ]), commonly referred to as simply Parliament (Portuguese: Parlamento), is the unicameral parliament of Portugal. According to the Constitution of Portugal, the parliament "is the representative assembly of all Portuguese citizens". The constitution names the assembly as one of the country's sovereignty bodies.

It meets in São Bento Palace, the historical site of an old Benedictine monastery. The palace has been the seat of the Portuguese parliaments since 1834 (Cortes until 1910, Congress from 1911 to 1926 and National Assembly from 1933 to 1974).