hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
August 1877 Orange colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Orange on 30 August 1877. The by-election was triggered because Edward Combes had been appointed Secretary for Public Works in the fourth Robertson ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested; however on this occasion, only Thomas Garrett (Camden) and Ezekiel Baker (Goldfields South) were unopposed. While the other ministers, John Robertson (West Sydney), John Davies (East Sydney), John Lackey, and William Long (both Central Cumberland) were opposed, all were re-elected.

John Robertson (premier)
Sir John Robertson KCMG (15 October 1816 – 8 May 1891) was a London-born Australian politician and Premier of New South Wales on five occasions. Robertson is best remembered for land reform and in particular the Robertson Land Acts of 1861, which sought to open up the selection of Crown land and break the monopoly of the squatters.

Robertson was elected to Parliament in 1856 supporting manhood suffrage, secret ballot, electorates based on equal populations, abolition of state aid to religion, government non-denominational schools, free trade, and land reform. He saw free selection of crown land before survey as the key to social reform with poor settlers being able to occupy agricultural and pastoral land, even that occupied by lease-holding squatters. This insight enabled him to dominate the politics of 1856–61.
Point Charles Light
Point Charles Light, known officially as the Charles Point Lighthouse, is an active lighthouse located on a headland at the northern end of the Cox Peninsula, 21 kilometres (13 mi) northwest of Port Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. Established in 1893, it is the oldest lighthouse in the Northern Territory.

Headland
A headland, also known as a head, is a coastal landform, a point of land usually high and often with a sheer drop, that extends into a body of water. It is a type of promontory. A headland of considerable size often is called a cape. Headlands are characterised by high, breaking waves, rocky shores, intense erosion, and steep sea cliff.

Headlands and bays are often found on the same coastline. A bay is flanked by land on three sides, whereas a headland is flanked by water on three sides. Headlands and bays form on discordant coastlines, where bands of rock of alternating resistance run perpendicular to the coast. Bays form when weak (less resistant) rocks (such as sands and clays) are eroded, leaving bands of stronger (more resistant) rocks (such as chalk, limestone, and granite) forming a headland, or peninsula. Through the deposition of sediment within the bay and the erosion of the headlands, coastlines eventually straighten out, then start the same process all over again.
Morley Garfield Kelly
Morley Garfield Kelly (May 4, 1892 – October 10, 1956) was an American businessman and Democratic politician from Fond du Lac, Wisconsin.  His first name was sometimes incorrectly spelled "Marley".

Born in Watertown, South Dakota, Kelly graduated from Wadena High School in Wadena, Minnesota and served in the North Dakota Army National Guard. He worked in the newspaper business, as a linotype operator, and moved to Fond du Lac, Wisconsin in 1922. He was also in the lumber business. Kelly served in the Wisconsin State Senate from 1933 to 1937. In 1948, he was a candidate for the Wisconsin State Assembly, losing to Myrton H. Duel. He was a Democrat. He died in October 1956.

Wadena, Minnesota
Wadena (/wəˈdiːnə/ wə-DEEN-ə) is a city in Otter Tail and Wadena counties in the state of Minnesota.  It is about one hundred sixty miles northwest of the Minneapolis – Saint Paul metro area. The population was 4,325 at the 2020 census.  It is the county seat of Wadena County.

Wadena is an agricultural community and serves as a region hub for the Tri county area. Wadena is located at the crossroads of Highway 10 and Highway 71.
Vicentinho Alves
Vicente Alves de Oliveira (born 1 October 1957) is a Brazilian politician. He had represented Tocantins in the Brazilian Senate from 2011 to 2019. Previously he was a deputy from Tocantins from 2007 to 2011. He is a member of the Liberal Party (PL).

Federal Senate (Brazil)
The Federal Senate (Portuguese: Senado Federal) is the upper house of the National Congress of Brazil. When created under the Imperial Constitution in 1824, it was based on the House of Lords of the British Parliament, but since the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889 and under the first republican Constitution the Federal Senate has resembled the United States Senate.

The current president of the Federal Senate is Davi Alcolumbre, a member of UNIÃO from Amapá. He was re-elected in February 2025 for his two-year non-consecutive term, as he had already led the Senate between 2019-21 during Bolsonaro's government.
Ben Macintyre
Benedict Richard Pierce Macintyre (born 25 December 1963) is a British author, reviewer and columnist for The Times newspaper. His columns range from current affairs to historical controversies.  He has written some 15 books, and received numerous awards for both fiction and non-fiction works.

British Book Awards
The British Book Awards or Nibbies are literary awards for the best UK writers and their works, administered by The Bookseller. The awards have had several previous names, owners and sponsors since being launched in 1990, including the National Book Awards from 2010 to 2014.
Roland Schoeman
Roland Mark Schoeman OIS (born 3 July 1980) is a South African and American former swimmer was a world record holder in multiple events, and was a member of the South African swimming team at the 2000, 2004, 2008 and 2012 Olympic Games.  He won a gold medal representing South Africa in the 4x100 freestyle relay at the 2004 Athens Olympics and between 2000-2014 won numerous medals including seven golds in freestyle, and butterfly events at the World Championships, Pan American, and Commonwealth games.

Demographics of South Africa
According to the 2022 census, the population of South Africa is about 62 million people of diverse origins, cultures, languages, and religions, with a majority being Black Africans. The South African National Census of 2022 was the most recent census held; the next will be in 2032.

In 2011, Statistics South Africa counted 2.1 million foreigners in total. Reports suggest that is an underestimation. The real figure may be as high as five million, including some three million Zimbabweans.
Hobart Zebras FC
Hobart Zebras Football Club (also known as Tilford Zebras or just Zebras) was an association football club based in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. The club is one of the biggest and most successful clubs in Tasmania. It competes in competitions run by the governing body Football Federation Tasmania, including the NPL Tasmania. The club uses the colours of Juventus FC and have historical ties and links to the club. They merged with Clarence United FC after the 2019 season to form Clarence Zebras FC.

National Premier Leagues Tasmania
The National Premier Leagues Tasmania is an Australian professional football league part of the National Premier Leagues, covering the state of Tasmania. The competition sits at step two overall in the Australian football league system, below the A-League and alongside other states' National Premier Leagues.
The Medium Is the Massage
The Medium is the Massage: An Inventory of Effects  is a book co-created by media analyst Marshall McLuhan and graphic designer Quentin Fiore, with coordination by Jerome Agel. It was published by Bantam Books in 1967 and became a bestseller with a cult following. The U.K. edition was published by Allen Lane Penguin Books using cover art by Newsweek photographer Tony Rollo.

The book is 160 pages in length and composed in an experimental, collage style with text superimposed on visual elements and vice versa. Some pages are printed backwards and are meant to be read in a mirror. Some are intentionally left blank. Most contain photographs and images both modern and historic, juxtaposed in startling ways.

Graphic designer
A graphic designer is a practitioner who follows the discipline of graphic design, either within companies or organizations or independently. They are professionals in design and visual communication, with their primary focus on transforming linguistic messages into graphic manifestations, whether tangible or intangible. They are responsible for planning, designing, projecting, and conveying messages or ideas through visual communication. Graphic design is one of the most in-demand professions with significant job opportunities, as it allows leveraging technological advancements and working online from anywhere in the world.
Stade Olympique de Chamonix
Stade Olympique de Chamonix is an equestrian stadium in Chamonix, France.  It hosted the opening and closing ceremonies to the 1924 Winter Olympics along with cross-country skiing, curling, figure skating, ice hockey, military patrol, the cross-country skiing part of the Nordic combined, and the speed skating events.  The stadium holds 45,000.

Speed skating at the 1924 Winter Olympics
At the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix, five speed skating events were contested, all for men. The competitions were held on Saturday, January 26, 1924, and on Sunday, January 27, 1924. Charles Jewtraw won the first gold medal of the 1924 Winter Games, and Clas Thunberg and Roald Larsen each won medals in all five events, with Thunberg winning 3 gold.
Pulpit Peak
Pulpit Peak is a 2,720-metre (8,920-foot) mountain summit located one km south of Hector Lake in Banff National Park, in the Canadian Rockies of Alberta, Canada. Its nearest higher peak is Lilliput Mountain, 3.6 km (2.2 mi) to the southwest. Pulpit Peak is situated east of the Waputik Icefield, and is a member of the Waputik Mountains. Pulpit Peak can be seen from the Icefields Parkway towering 900 metres (2,950 ft) above Hector Lake.

Alberta Highway 93
Highway 93 is a north–south highway in Alberta, Canada.  It is also known as the Banff-Windermere Parkway south of the Trans-Canada Highway (Highway 1) and the Icefields Parkway north of the Trans-Canada Highway.  It travels through Banff National Park and Jasper National Park and is maintained by Parks Canada for its entire length.  It runs from the British Columbia border at Vermilion Pass in the south, where it becomes British Columbia Highway 93, to its terminus at the junction with the Yellowhead Highway (Highway 16) at Jasper.  The route takes its number from U.S. Route 93, which runs uninterrupted south to central Arizona, and was initially designated as '93' in 1959.
2014 1. deild
The 2014 1. deild was the 71st season of 1. deild.

Tvøroyrar Bóltfelag and FC Suðuroy got promoted to the Faroe Islands Premier League, after finishing 1st and 2nd at the end of the season.

Havnar Bóltfelag II and EB/Streymur II got relegated to 2. deild, after finishing 9th and 10th at the end of the season.

FC Suðuroy
FC Suðuroy is a Faroese professional football club which was founded in January 2010 and consists of the former clubs VB (founded in 1905) and Sumba (founded in 1949), which merged in 2005 to form VB/Sumba. FC Suðuroy's competes in the 1. deild since 2024. It plays home games at the á Eiðinum Stadium in Vágur.
Sansoen Suea Pa
Sansoen Suea Pa (Thai: สรรเสริญเสือป่า, lit: Glory to the Wild Tigers) is the march of the Wild Tiger Corps. It is a western arrangement of Bulan Loi Luean, a song composed by King Rama II (continued by Khru Mi Khaek) that was used as the royal anthem during King Rama V's reign.

The song is still performed in various ceremonies related to the Thai king (especially King Vajiravudh Rama VI), and the march composition was used in the royal funeral of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) and Coronation of Vajiralongkorn in 2019.

Personal anthem
The anthem for a person, office or rank is music played on formal or ceremonial occasions in the presence of the person, office-holder, or rank-holder, especially by a military band. The head of state in many countries is honored with a prescribed piece of music; in some countries the national anthem serves this purpose, while others have a separate royal, presidential, or, historically, imperial anthem. Other officials may also have anthems, such as the vice-regal salute in several Commonwealth realms for the Governor-General, Governor, or Lieutenant Governor. Ruffles and flourishes may be played instead of, or preceding, such an anthem.
Arran Steele
Arran Spencer Steele (born 14 January 1975) is a former English cricketer.  Steele was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break.  He was born in Corby, Northamptonshire.

Steele represented the Northamptonshire Cricket Board in a single List A match against Wiltshire in the 1999 NatWest Trophy. In his only List A match, he scored 23 runs.

His father, David, played Test and One Day International cricket for England.  He also played first-class cricket for Northamptonshire, the Marylebone Cricket Club, Derbyshire and Leicestershire, as well as List A cricket for Bedfordshire.  His uncle, John, played first-class cricket for Leicestershire, Natal and Glamorgan.  His brother, Mark, played a single List A match for Staffordshire.

Northamptonshire Cricket Board
The Northamptonshire Cricket Board is the governing body for all recreational cricket in the historic county of Northamptonshire.

From 1999 to 2002 the Board fielded a team in the English domestic one-day tournament, matches which had List-A status. The Board's final List A match was in the first round of the 2003 Cheltenham and Gloucester Trophy which was held in August 2002.
2010 Air Untuk Rakyat rally
The 2010 Air Untuk Rakyat rally was a rally held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on 5 December 2010. The rally organiser, the Air Untuk Rakyat movement and federal opposition Pakatan Rakyat, had called the protest regarding the privatisation of water management in Selangor state which surrounds the capital, Kuala Lumpur and the federal government's bailout of SYABAS, a water distribution firm controlled by associate of the UMNO-led federal government crony Rozali Ismail. A secondary objective of the rally was to hand over a petition with over 250,000 signatures to the King Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin to intervene against the privatisation of the water services in the state at the Istana Negara.

According to various estimates the rally attracted between 2,500 to 10,000 people. The rally started gathering outside the National Mosque in Kuala Lumpur at 9 o'clock, early Sunday morning on 5 December 2010.

Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu
Al-Wathiqu Billah Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin ibni Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah (Jawi: الواثق بالله سلطان ميزان زين العابدين ابن المرحوم سلطان محمود المکتفي بالله شاه; born 22 January 1962) is the Sultan of Terengganu, reigning since 1998. He previously reigned as the King of Malaysia, from 2006 to 2011.
Kerzhenets Nature Reserve
The Kerzhinski Nature Reserve (Russian: Керженский, also Kerzhensky) is a Russian 'zapovednik' (strict nature reserve) located in the middle basin of the Kerzhenets River (a left-bank tributary of the Volga), 600 kilometres (370 mi) east of Moscow.  The terrain features extensive upland and lowland swamps, and is known in particular as a site for the study of beavers, and their effects on recovery of the landscape after fires and logging.   The reserve is situated 55 km northeast of the City of Nizhny Novgorod in the Bor and Semonov districts of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast.  The site has been a center for scientific study of nature of the region since 1933.  It is part of a UNESCO Biosphere Reserves, Ramsar wetland.  The reserve was established in its current form in 1993, and covers an area of 46,940 ha (181.2 sq mi).

Kerzhenets
The Kerzhenets (Russian: Керженец) is a river in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Volga, joining it near Lyskovo, about 70 km east of Nizhny Novgorod. It is 290 kilometres (180 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 6,140 square kilometres (2,370 sq mi).
Rozhdestvensky (surname)
Rozhdestvensky (Russian: Рождественский; masculine) or Rozhdestvenskaya (feminine) is  is a Russian surname originated in clergy, derived from the term Рождество Христово, 'Christmas'. Notable persons with the surname include:

Anatoly Rozhdestvensky (1920–1983), Soviet paleontologist

Gennady Rozhdestvensky (1931–2018), Russian musical conductor

Natalya Rozhdestvenskaya (1900–1997), Russian soprano

Platon Rozhdestvensky (1866-1934), Russian bishop

Robert Rozhdestvensky (1932–1994), Soviet/Russian poet

Valery Rozhdestvensky (1939–2011), Soviet cosmonaut

Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky (1895–1977), Russian/Soviet poet

Yuri Rozhdestvensky (1926–1999), Soviet linguist

Zhanna Rozhdestvenskaya,Soviet and Russian pop singer

Zoya Rozhdestvenskaya (1906–1953), Soviet singer

Zhanna Rozhdestvenskaya
Zhanna Germanovna Rozhdestvenskaya (Russian: Жа́нна Ге́рмановна Рожде́ственская; born 23 November 1950 in Rtishchevo, Saratov Oblast, RSFSR, USSR) is a Soviet and Russian pop singer, Honored Artist of the Russian Federation (2011), known performer of Soviet songs in the movie.

Range 4 octave voice.
White Water Branson
White Water Branson is a 13-acre commercial recreational water park located in Branson, in southwestern Missouri. It features a wave pool for swimming, water rides, private poolside cabana rentals, dining and shopping. It is open seasonally from May to September. Admission is per-person per-day with some package rates.

Wave pool
A wave pool is a swimming pool in which there are artificially generated, large waves, similar to those of the ocean. Wave pools are often a major feature of water parks, both indoors and outdoors, as well as some leisure centres.
38 Aquarii
38 Aquarii is a star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. 38 Aquarii is its Flamsteed designation; its Bayer designation is e Aquarii. It is a faint star but visible to the naked eye, with an apparent visual magnitude of +5.43. Based on parallax measurements, it is around 450 light-years (140 parsecs) away; it is 0.28 degree south of the ecliptic.

The spectrum of 38 Aquarii matches a stellar classification of B5 III. A luminosity class of III indicates that this is an evolved giant star. It has 5.6 times the radius of the Sun and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 20 km/s. The outer atmosphere of the star has a blue-white glow from an effective temperature of 13,860 K.

Stellar rotation
Stellar rotation is the angular motion of a star about its axis. The rate of rotation can be measured from the spectrum of the star, or by timing the movements of active features on the surface.

The rotation of a star produces an equatorial bulge due to centrifugal force. As stars are not solid bodies, they can also undergo differential rotation. Thus the equator of the star can rotate at a different angular velocity than the higher latitudes. These differences in the rate of rotation within a star may have a significant role in the generation of a stellar magnetic field.

In its turn, the magnetic field of a star interacts with the stellar wind. As the wind moves away from the star its angular speed decreases. The magnetic field of the star interacts with the wind, which applies a drag to the stellar rotation. As a result, angular momentum is transferred from the star to the wind, and over time this gradually slows the star's rate of rotation.
1945 French constitutional referendum in Gabon–Moyen Congo
A constitutional referendum was held in French Gabon and Moyen Congo on 21 October 1945 as part of the wider French constitutional referendum. Both questions were approved by large margins. Voter turnout was 68.1%.

French Equatorial Africa
French Equatorial Africa (French: Afrique équatoriale française, or  AEF) was a federation of French colonial territories in Equatorial Africa which consisted of Gabon, French Congo, Ubangi-Shari, and Chad. It existed from 1910 to 1958 and its administration was based in Brazzaville.
Consorzio Vino Chianti
The Chianti Wine Consortium is a self-governing association of winegrowers operating in Tuscany, Italy. It was founded in Florence in 1927 with the aim of ensure the quality and authenticity of Chianti wines, which have a long-standing tradition and recognition both in Italy and abroad. The Consorzio protects and promotes the interests of Chianti wine producers from the provinces of Florence, Siena, Arezzo, Pisa, Prato, and Pistoia.

Winemaker
A winemaker or vintner is a person engaged in winemaking. They are generally employed by wineries or wine companies, where their work includes:

Cooperating with viticulturists

Monitoring the maturity of grapes to ensure their quality and to determine the correct time for harvest

Crushing and pressing grapes

Monitoring the settling of juice and the fermentation of grape material

Filtering the wine to remove remaining solids

Testing the quality of wine by tasting

Placing filtered wine in casks or tanks for storage and maturation

Preparing plans for bottling wine once it has matured

Making sure that quality is maintained when the wine is bottled

Today, these duties require an increasing amount of scientific knowledge, since laboratory tests are gradually supplementing or replacing traditional methods. Winemakers can also be referred to as oenologists as they study oenology – the science of wine.
Louis Terrenoire
Louis Terrenoire (French pronunciation: [lwi tɛʁnwaʁ]; 10 November 1908, Lyon – 9 January 1992) was a French politician from Union for the New Republic. He was Member of Parliament for Orne's 1st constituency and served as Minister of Information between 1960 and 1961.

Orne's 1st constituency
The 1st constituency of the Orne (French: Première circonscription de l'Orne) is a French legislative constituency in the Orne département. Like the other 576 French constituencies, it elects one MP using a two round electoral system.
Hunts & Peterborough County Rugby Union
Hunts and Peterborough County Rugby Union is an amalgamation of Rugby Union teams from around Peterborough and Huntingdonshire.

It is a sub-county of the East Midlands Rugby Football Union and holds its own county cup each season.

Playing colours: Red, green, yellow & blue hoops.

Huntingdonshire
Huntingdonshire (/ˈhʌntɪŋdənʃər, -ʃɪər/; abbreviated Hunts) is a local government district in Cambridgeshire, England. 
The district had a population of 180,800 at the 2021 census, and has an area of 354.3 square miles (918 km2). The largest towns are St Neots (33,410), Huntingdon (25,428), and St Ives (16,815). The district council is based in Huntingdon.

Historically a county in its own right, Huntingdonshire's boundaries were established in the Anglo-Saxon era. Huntingdonshire became an administrative county in 1889. In 1965, it was merged with the Soke of Peterborough to form Huntingdon and Peterborough, which was in turn merged with Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely in 1974 to form Cambridgeshire, of which Huntingdonshire is now a district.
Ratley
Ratley is a village in the civil parish of Ratley and Upton, Stratford-on-Avon District, Warwickshire, England. The population of the civil parish in 2011 was 327. It is on the northwest side of the Edge Hill escarpment about 200 metres (660 ft) above sea level. The village is close to the county border with north Oxfordshire, some 7 miles northwest of Banbury, the closest town.

Escarpment
An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that forms as a result of faulting or erosion and separates two relatively level areas having different elevations.

Similarity causes  the term scarp to be incorrectly used interchangeably with escarpment, which refers to the margin between two landforms as opposed to scarp, which refers to a cliff or a steep slope. In this usage, an escarpment is a ridge that has a gentle slope on one side and a steep scarp on the other side.

More loosely, the term scarp also describes a zone between a coastal lowland and a continental plateau that shows a marked, abrupt change in elevation caused by coastal erosion at the base of the plateau.