hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Johann Ludwig Christ
Johann Ludwig Christ (18 October 1739, in Öhringen – 19 November 1813, in Kronberg im Taunus) was a German naturalist, gardener, and pastor.

He was a specialist in the Hymenoptera. In 1791 he published Naturgeschichte, Klassifikation und Nomenklatur der Insekten vom Bienen, Wespen und Ameisengeschlecht. In 1791, he described Polistes dominula. He also studied fruit trees and wrote Vollständige Pomologie (2 volumes, 1809–1822).

Hymenoptera
Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. Many of the species are parasitic. Females typically have a special ovipositor for inserting eggs into hosts or places that are otherwise inaccessible. This ovipositor is often modified into a stinger. The young develop through holometabolism (complete metamorphosis)—that is, they have a wormlike larval stage and an inactive pupal stage before they reach adulthood.
Nguyễn Quang Hồng
Nguyễn Quang Hồng (1 October 1940 – 7 October 2025), also known as Quảng Nguyên, was a Vietnamese lexicographer and scholar at the Institute of Hán-Nôm Studies in Hanoi. He was editor in chief of the standard dictionary of the ancient vernacular Chữ Nôm written language. Nguyễn was born in Duy Xuyên.

Nguyễn died at the age of 85 in Hanoi on 7 October 2025.

Institute of Hán-Nôm Studies
The Institute of Hán-Nôm Studies (Vietnamese: Viện nghiên cứu Hán Nôm; Hán Nôm: 院研究漢喃), or Hán-Nôm Institute (Vietnamese: Viện Hán Nôm, Hán Nôm: 院漢喃) in Hanoi, Vietnam, is the main research centre, historical archival agency and reference library for the study of chữ Hán and chữ Nôm (together, Hán-Nôm) texts for Vietnamese language in Vietnam. These are texts predating the adoption of the Latin-based Vietnamese alphabet.
Edwin Castagna
Edwin Castagna  (May 1, 1909 – November 26, 1983) was a prominent librarian and leader in the profession. Castagna was born in Petaluma, California, to Frank and Eugenia Burgle Castagna. He graduated from the library school at the University of California, Berkeley in 1936 and started his career as an assistant librarian in the Alameda County Public Library in Oakland, California. He left that position within a year to become the library director for the Ukiah, California Public Library.

Petaluma, California
Petaluma is a city in Sonoma County, California, United States, located in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. Its population was 59,776 according to the 2020 census.

Petaluma's name comes from the Miwok village named Péta Lúuma that was located on the banks of the Petaluma River.  The modern city originates in Rancho Petaluma, granted in 1834 to famed Californio statesman Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, considered to be the founder of Petaluma. Today, Petaluma is known for its well-preserved historic center and as a local hub for the Petaluma Valley region of Sonoma County.
2024 World Tennis League
The 2024 World Tennis League was a non-ATP/WTA-affiliated exhibition mixed-gender team tennis tournament. It was the third edition of the World Tennis League. The event was held on hard court at the Etihad Arena in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates from 19 until 22 December 2024.

Team Falcons, composed of Andrey Rublev, Elena Rybakina, Denis Shapovalov and Caroline Garcia, won the title, defeating Team Hawks (Jordan Thompson, Aryna Sabalenka, Sumit Nagal and Mirra Andreeva) in the final, 20–16.

Sumit Nagal
Sumit Nagal (born 16 August 1997) is an Indian professional tennis player. He has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 68 achieved on 15 July 2024. Nagal is currently the No. 1 ranked Indian player. Since 2018, he has been a member of India's national Davis Cup squad.

He won the 2015 Wimbledon boys' doubles title with Vietnamese Lý Hoàng Nam, becoming the sixth Indian player to win a junior Grand Slam title.
Giriraj Singh
Giriraj Singh (born 8 September 1952) is an Indian politician who is serving as the 21st Minister of Textiles since 2024. He is the Member of Parliament from the Begusarai Loksabha constituency in 17th and 18th Lok Sabha. He has also formerly served as Minister of Cooperative, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Resources Development in the Government of Bihar.

Member of Parliament (India)
A Member of Parliament (MP) in India refers to persons who serve in the Parliament of India. These include:

Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha: Representative of the Indian states to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament of India.

Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha: Representative of the Indian citizens to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India.
Toward a Meaningful Life
Toward a Meaningful Life is a book authored by Chabad Hasidic writer Simon Jacobson. The book became the basis of a six-part course titled Toward a Meaningful Life: A Soul-Searching Journey for Every Jew by the Jewish Learning Institute. The book elucidates the teachings of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, the seventh Rebbe of Chabad.

Rohr Jewish Learning Institute
The Rohr Jewish Learning Institute (JLI) is a division of Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch, the educational arm of the Chabad-Lubavitch Orthodox Jewish Hasidic dynasty. It offers adult Jewish courses on Jewish history, law, ethics, philosophy and rabbinical literature worldwide. It also develops Jewish studies curricula specifically for women, college students, teenagers, and seniors.

In 2014, the organization claimed there were 117,500 people enrolled in JLI. The JLI model combines a research-based approach with instructional design, aiming to present traditional Jewish teachings in a contemporary academic framework. Its headquarters are located in the Crown Heights area of Brooklyn, New York City.
Sternalis muscle
The rectus sternalis muscle is an anatomical variation that lies in front of the sternal end of the pectoralis major parallel to the margin of the sternum. The sternalis muscle may be a variation of the pectoralis major or of the rectus abdominis.

Sternum
The sternum (pl.: sternums or sterna) or breastbone is a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest. It connects to the ribs via cartilage and forms the front of the rib cage, thus helping to protect the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels from injury. Shaped roughly like a necktie, it is one of the largest and longest flat bones of the body. Its three regions are the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process. The word sternum originates from Ancient Greek στέρνον (stérnon) 'chest'.
807th Expeditionary Air Support Operations Squadron
The United States Air Force's 807th Expeditionary Air Support Operations Squadron (807 EASOS) is a combat support unit located at an undisclosed location in the Middle East. The 807 EASOS provides Tactical Command and Control of air power assets to the Joint Forces Air Component Commander and Joint Forces Land Component Commander for combat operations.

Joint Force Land Component Commander
Joint Force Land Component Commander (JFLCC), is a United States Department of Defense doctrinal term. It is pronounced "JIF-lick".

It refers to an individual of general officer rank that is responsible for land forces within a joint operations environment.  The term "land forces" encompasses ground forces such as infantry or armored units.

As defined in Joint Doctrine Document 1-02, the JFLCC is:

"The commander within a unified command, subordinate unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing commander for making recommendations on the proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or made available for tasking land forces; planning and coordinating land operations; or accomplishing such operational missions as may be assigned. The joint force land component commander is given the authority necessary to accomplish missions and tasks assigned by the establishing commander."
Mucke
Mucke or Mücke or Muecke is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Elli Mücke (born 1981), German singer

Ernst Mucke (Sorbian Arnošt Muka; 1854–1932), Sorbian scholar and writer

Hermann Mucke (bioscientist) (born 1955), Austrian bioscientist and consultant

Hermann Mucke (astronomer) (1935–2019), Austrian astronomer and public educator

Manuela Mucke (born 1975), German sprint canoer

Stefan Mücke (born 1981), German racing driver

Carl Muecke (editor) (1815–1898), German-born clergyman, scientist, and newspaperman in South Australia

Charles Andrew Muecke (1918–2007), US federal judge

Hugo Carl Emil Muecke (1842–1929), Australian politician, son of Carl

Ada Crossley was Ada Crossley Muecke, having married H. C. E. Muecke's son Francis

Jonathan Muecke (born 1983), American architect

Stephen Muecke (born 1951), Australian linguist

Tom Muecke (1963–2016), American football player

Hellmuth von Mücke (1881–1957), officer of the Kaiserliche Marine

Hermann Mucke (astronomer)
Hermann B. W. Mucke (March 1, 1935 – March 12, 2019) was an Austrian astronomer and one of the most significant promoters of amateur astronomy in German-speaking Europe. He was born and died in Vienna.
Time of the Twins
Time of the Twins is a 1986 fantasy novel in the Dragonlance series by American writers Margaret Weis and Tracy Hickman.  It is the beginning of the Dragonlance Legends trilogy, a series detailing the journey of fictional twins, the warrior Caramon Majere and the mage Raistlin Majere, along with the cleric Crysania.  The book details the start of their adventure.

Tracy Hickman
Tracy Raye Hickman (born November 26, 1955) is an American fantasy author and designer of games and virtual reality (VR) experiences. He co-authored the original Dragonlance novels with Margaret Weis as well as numerous other books. He also designed and created role playing game material while working for TSR and has cowritten novels with his wife, Laura Hickman. He is the author or co-author of over 60 books.
Lee Boon Heng
Lee Boon Heng is a Malaysian politician and journalist who served as Member of the Penang State Legislative Assembly (MLA for Kebun Bunga. He is a member of the People's Justice Party (PKR), a component party of Pakatan Harapan (PH).

Lee holds a Bachelor's degree in Banking and Finance (Honours).

Kebun Bunga
Kebun Bunga is a state constituency in Penang, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Penang State Legislative Assembly since 1986. It covers the Penang Botanic Gardens, after which it is named, as well as parts of George Town's western suburbs - Tanjung Tokong and Air Itam.

The state constituency was first contested in 1986 and is mandated to return a single Assemblyman to the Penang State Legislative Assembly under the first-past-the-post voting system. Since 2018, the State Assemblyman for Kebun Bunga is Ong Khan Lee from Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR), which is part of the state's ruling coalition, Pakatan Harapan (PH).

Lee Boon Heng from People's Justice Party (Malaysia) currently serves as the state assemblyman for Kebun Bunga.
Jeff Forrest (rugby union)
John William Forrest was an English international rugby union player.

A Royal Navy commander, Forrest was a product of services rugby and gained 10 England caps as a second row forward during the early 1930s, which included the 1934 triple crown.

Forrest moved to Bath in the 1950s after retiring from the Navy and founded the Bath Christian Aid Week committee.

1934 Home Nations Championship
The 1934 Home Nations Championship was the thirtieth series of the rugby union Home Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Five Nations, and prior to that, the Home Nations, this was the forty-seventh series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Six matches were played between 20 January and 17 March. It was contested by England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. It was the first time since the 1913 competition that the table finished without any team tying for places.
South Africa women's national under-20 soccer team
The South Africa women's national under-20 soccer team (Basetsana), is a youth football (soccer) team, which represents South Africa and is controlled by the South African Football Association, the governing body for football in South Africa. The team's main objective is to qualify and play at the FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup and develop players for the main national team Banyana Banyana.

2002 African U-19 Women's Championship
The 2002 African U-19 Women's Championship was the first edition of the African under-19 women's football championship. The winners of the tournament Nigeria have qualified to the 2002 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup.
Dar al-Mal
The Dar al-Mal (Arabic: دار المال, lit. 'House of Money') was a short-lived bank of issue in Tunis, in activity from 1847 to 1852. It was associated with the prominent role of local financier Mahmoud Ben Ayed in driving economic and financial policy for the Regency of Tunis under Bey Ahmad I ibn Mustafa. It issued the Islamic world's first-ever banknotes on the European model.

Ahmad I ibn Mustafa
Ahmad I ibn Mustafa (Arabic: أحمد الأول بن مصطفى), commonly referred to as Ahmed I Bey (Arabic: أحمد باي الأول ; 2 December 1805  – 30 May 1855) was the tenth Husainid Bey of Tunis, ruling from 1837 until his death. He was responsible for the abolition of slavery in Tunisia in 1846.

He succeeded his father Mustafa Bey on 10 October 1837. He had grand ambitions  - to expand his army and create a modern navy; to build a new royal residence (Mohamedia Palace), a mint and modern institutions of education but neither he nor his brother-in-law the young Mustapha Khaznadar who served as his finance minister, had a clear idea of what such initiatives would cost. As a result, many of his projects became expensive failures which damaged the financial health of the country.
1838 Constitution of Serbia
The Constitution of 1838, often called the Turkish constitution (Serbian: Турски устав, romanized: Turski ustav; because it was issued in the form of a sultan firman), was a constitution of the Principality of Serbia from 1838 until 1869. Through this, the Ottoman Empire wanted to show that Serbia was subservient to it. Although the new constitution was less liberal than the preceding Sretenje Constitution, Serbian prince Miloš Obrenović did not want to rule under it, so he abdicated in favor of his son Milan Obrenović.

Milan Obrenović, Prince of Serbia
Milan Obrenović II (Serbian Cyrillic: Милан Обреновић II, romanized: Milan Obrenović II) (21 October 1819 – 8 July 1839) was the ruling Prince of Serbia for just four weeks in 1839. By birth, he was a member of the House of Obrenović.
Turkmenistan Memorial Capsule
The Turkmenistan Memorial Capsule is a memorial satellite which was launched in 2005 to a Sun-synchronous orbit by a Ukrainian Dnepr rocket.

The capsule is bolted to the Dnepr 3rd stage and it contains a flag of Turkmenistan and the book of Ruhnama.

Spaceflight portal

Turkmenistan portal

Sun-synchronous orbit
A Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO), also called a heliosynchronous orbit, is a nearly polar orbit around a planet, in which the satellite passes over any given point of the planet's surface at the same local mean solar time. More technically, it is an orbit arranged so that it precesses through one complete revolution each year, so it always maintains the same relationship with the Sun.
Phillip Kennedy Johnson
Phillip Kennedy Johnson is an American Eisner-nominated comic book writer. He is best known for his work on Superman/Action Comics, Batman and Robin, The Incredible Hulk, Alien, and 007; his comics work has been published by DC, Marvel, BOOM! Studios, Dynamite, Archaia, IDW, Aftershock, and Scout Comics.

Outside of his writing career, Johnson is an Army veteran and musician in the Washington, DC area. He was a trumpet player with The U.S. Army Field Band of Washington, DC and the Glenn Miller Orchestra, and has also performed with the Moscow Ballet, Dallas Opera, Washington Symphonic Brass, and Benny Goodman Orchestra.

Phillip Kennedy Johnson, along with Nic Klein, celebrated 800 issues of 'Hulk' in 'Incredible Hulk #19' in November 2024.

Boom! Studios
Boom! Studios (stylized as BOOM! Studios), is an American comic book and graphic novel publisher. They are headquartered in Los Angeles, California, United States. As of September 2024, the company is a subsidiary division of Penguin Random House.
Bernd Brunner
Bernd Brunner (born May 27, 1964) is a writer of non-fiction and essays. His best known works are peripatetic explorations of the relationship between people and deceptively simple subjects, such as bears, the moon, and lying down.

His essay on the street dogs of Istanbul, first published in The Smart Set was selected by Elizabeth Gilbert for the anthology The Best American Travel Writing 2013. Brunner divides his time between Istanbul and Berlin.

Elizabeth Gilbert
Elizabeth Gilbert (born July 18, 1969) is an American journalist and author. Her 2006 memoir, Eat, Pray, Love, has sold over 30 million copies and has been translated into over 30 languages. The book was also made into a film of the same name in 2010.
Capsulia
Capsulia is a genus of East Asian dwarf spiders that was first described by Michael I. Saaristo, L. H. Tu & S. Q. Li in 2006. As of May 2019 it contains only two species, both found in China: C. laciniosa and C. tianmushana.

Michael Saaristo
Michael I. Saaristo (1938 – 27 April 2008) was a Finnish arachnologist, with a particular interest in the spiders of the Seychelles. The World Spider Catalog lists 61 genus names or synonyms and 109 species names or synonyms of which he is the sole or co-author.

His account of the spiders of the Seychelles was published in 2010, after his death, with the assistance of Yuri M. Marusik.

The spider genera Saaristoa and Saaristattus were named after him. The World Spider Catalog lists 15 species with the specific name saaristoi, honouring him.
Mexico Azul
Mexico Azul (Blue Mexico), is the sixth studio album by the Latin jazz Mexican singer Magos Herrera. Released on Aug 27, 2010 and digital release on Sep 7. Tim Ries produced the album along with Magos Herrera.

Latin jazz
Latin jazz is a genre of jazz with Latin American rhythms. The two main categories are Afro-Cuban jazz, rhythmically based on Cuban popular dance music, with a rhythm section employing ostinato patterns or a clave, and Afro-Brazilian jazz, which includes samba and bossa nova.
Charles Bernard (bishop)
Christianity portal

Charles Brodrick Bernard (4 January 1811 – 31 January 1890) was an Irish Anglican bishop.

Bernard was born at Connaught Place, London, the younger son of James Bernard, 2nd Earl of Bandon, by Mary Susan Albinia Brodrick, daughter of the Right Reverend Charles Brodrick, Archbishop of Cashel. Francis Bernard, 3rd Earl of Bandon, was his elder brother. He was educated at Balliol College, Oxford, and  appointed the 56th Bishop of Tuam,  55th Bishop of Killala and 56th of Achonry in 1867. He died in post on 31 January 1890 at the episcopal palace at Tuam.

Bernard married the Honourable Jane Grace Dorothea Evans-Freke, sister of George Evans-Freke, 7th Baron Carbery, in 1843. He was the father of Percy Bernard and great-grandfather of Percy Bernard, 5th Earl of Bandon, upon whose death the earldom became extinct.

Archbishop of Cashel
Christianity portal

Catholicism portal

The Archbishop of Cashel (Irish: Ard-Easpag Chaiseal Mumhan) was an archiepiscopal title which took its name after the town of Cashel, County Tipperary in Ireland. Following the Reformation, there had been parallel apostolic successions to the title: one in the Catholic Church and the other in the Church of Ireland. The archbishop of each denomination also held the title of Bishop of Emly. In the Catholic Church, it was superseded by the role of Archbishop of Cashel and Emly when the two dioceses were united in 2015 and in the Church of Ireland the title was downgraded to a bishopric in 1838.
Blake River Megacaldera Complex
The Blake River Megacaldera Complex is a giant subaqueous caldera cluster or a nested caldera system that spans across the Ontario–Quebec border in Canada.

The caldera complex is around 2.7 billion years old, consisting of a series of overlapping calderas of various ages and sizes. It lies within the southern zone of the Abitibi greenstone belt of the Superior Craton and has an area of 3,000 km2 (1,200 sq mi).

The Blake River Megacaldera Complex has been a centre of major interest since 2006 with numerous excursions at the international, national and local level. It is a world-class metallotect with respect to both hydrothermal Cu-Zn massive sulfides and gold-rich massive sulfides.

Hydrothermal circulation
Hydrothermal circulation in its most general sense is the circulation of hot water (Ancient Greek ὕδωρ, water, and θέρμη, heat ). Hydrothermal circulation occurs most often in the vicinity of sources of heat within the Earth's crust. In general, this occurs near volcanic activity, but can occur in the shallow to mid crust along deeply penetrating fault irregularities or in the deep crust related to the intrusion of granite, or as the result of orogeny or metamorphism. Hydrothermal circulation often results in hydrothermal mineral deposits.
Dosapadu Halt railway station
Dosapadu Halt railway station is a railway station located near the Dosapadu stream. It serves the villages of Pamulapadu and Dosapadu. It lies on the Vijayawada–Nidadavolu loop line and is administered under Vijayawada railway division of South Coast Railway Zone

South Coast Railway zone
The South Coast Railway (abbreviated SCoR) is one of the 19 railway zones of the Indian Railways. The zonal headquarters is located at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.

The formal notification for operationalization of this zone is yet to be issued.
1991 Volkswagen Cup – Doubles
Gretchen Magers and Lise Gregory were the defending champions, but none competed this year.

Manon Bollegraf and Isabelle Demongeot won the title by defeating Jill Hetherington and Kathy Rinaldi 6–4, 6–3 in the final.

Kathy Rinaldi
Kathy Rinaldi-Stunkel (born March 24, 1967) is an American former professional tennis player, who retired in September 1997. In her career she won three singles and two doubles titles on the WTA Tour, and reached the semifinals of the 1985 Wimbledon Championships.
Gamma1 Normae
Gamma1 Normae, Latinized from γ1 Normae, is a single, yellow-white hued star in the southern constellation of Norma. It is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.98. The annual parallax shift is only 2.22±0.27 mas as measured from Earth, which yields a rough distance estimate of 1,500 light years from the Sun. It is moving closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of around -16 km/s.

This is an F-type supergiant star with a stellar classification of F9 Ia It has 5.4 times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to about 57 times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating 1,787 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 6,068 K. It is estimated to be around 53 million years old.

γ2 Nor is a nearby star nearly a magnitude brighter.

Supergiant
Supergiants are among the most massive and most luminous stars. Supergiant stars occupy the top region of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, with absolute visual magnitudes between about −3 and −8. The temperatures of supergiant stars range from about 3,400 K to over 20,000 K.