hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Selection rule
In physics and chemistry, a selection rule, or transition rule, formally constrains the possible transitions of a system from one quantum state to another. Selection rules have been derived for electromagnetic transitions in molecules, in atoms, in atomic nuclei, and so on. The selection rules may differ according to the technique used to observe the transition. The selection rule also plays a role in chemical reactions, where some are formally spin-forbidden reactions, that is, reactions where the spin state changes at least once from reactants to products.

In the following, mainly atomic and molecular transitions are considered.

Spin quantum number
In chemistry and quantum mechanics, the spin quantum number is a quantum number (designated s) that describes the intrinsic angular momentum (or spin angular momentum, or simply spin) of an electron or other particle. It has the same value for all particles of the same type, such as s = ⁠1/2⁠ for all electrons. It is an integer for all bosons, such as photons, and a half-odd-integer for all fermions, such as electrons and protons.

The component of the spin along a specified axis is given by the spin magnetic quantum number, conventionally written ms. The value of ms is the component of spin angular momentum, in units of the reduced Planck constant ħ, parallel to a given direction (conventionally labelled the z–axis). It can take values ranging from +s to −s in integer increments. For an electron, ms can be either ⁠++1/2⁠ or ⁠−+1/2⁠ .
Union Pacific 844
Union Pacific 844 is a FEF-3 class 4-8-4 "Northern" type steam locomotive, owned and operated by the Union Pacific Railroad for its heritage fleet. Built in December 1944 by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) of Schenectady, New York, No. 844 is one of four surviving FEF series locomotives and the only one in operation.

The locomotive operated in revenue service until 1959. It was stored while awaiting scrapping, along with the rest of the UP steam locomotive fleet. In 1960, railroad leaders recognized the benefits of having a steam program and retained No. 844 for special activities, the kernel of what has become the Union Pacific's heritage fleet. Today, it is one of UP's oldest serving locomotives and the only steam locomotive never retired by a North American Class I railroad.

Railroad classes
Railroad classes are the system by which freight railroads are designated in the United States. Railroads are assigned to Class I, II or III according to annual revenue criteria originally set by the Surface Transportation Board in 1992. With annual adjustments for inflation, the 2019 thresholds were US$504,803,294 for Class I carriers and US$40,384,263 for Class II carriers. (Smaller carriers were Class III by default.)

There are six Class I freight railroad companies in the United States: BNSF Railway, CSX Transportation, Canadian National Railway, CPKC, Norfolk Southern Railway, and Union Pacific Railroad. Canadian National also operates in Canada and CPKC operates in Canada and Mexico.

In addition, the national passenger railroad in the United States, Amtrak, would qualify as Class I if it were a freight carrier, as would Canada's Via Rail passenger service. Mexico's Ferromex freight railroad would also qualify as Class I, but it does not operate in the United States.
Tolani Omotola
Omotolani Daniel Omotola Listenⓘ(born 16 April 1998) is a German footballer who plays as a forward for Bedworth United F.C., a football club based in Bedworth, Warwickshire, England. They are currently members of the Northern Premier League Division One Midlands and play at the Oval.

Bedworth
Bedworth (/ˈbɛdwərθ/ or locally /ˈbɛdərθ/) is a market town in the borough of Nuneaton and Bedworth, Warwickshire, England.  It is situated between Coventry, 5 miles (8.0 km) to the south, and Nuneaton, 3 miles (5 km) to the north. In the 2021 census the town had a population of 31,090. The town is pronounced locally as "Beduth", but as "Bedworth" almost everywhere else.
Burke Developmental Road
The Burke Developmental Road is a Queensland (Australia) developmental road. It links Cloncurry and Normanton in a south–north direction, then turns to the north-east 30 km (19 mi) north of Normanton for 230 km (140 mi) before turning south-east till Dimbulah, where it becomes the Mareeba Dimbulah Road.

The road crosses the Gilbert River. This bridge was named after two of the region's indigenous leaders, Lily and Jubilee Slattery.
A major unsealed section begins about 45 km (28 mi) north of Normanton and continues until Chillagoe.  As of 2014, some sections totaling about 15 km (9.3 mi) are unsealed between Chillagoe and Dimbulah. It may become impassable during the wet season.
In mid-2007, A$28 million worth of funding was allocated for the widening of the road.

Chillagoe, Queensland
Chillagoe is a rural town and locality in the Shire of Mareeba, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the locality of Chillagoe had a population of 214 people.

It was once a thriving mining town for a range of minerals, but is now reduced to a small zinc mine and some marble quarries.

Just out of town is the Chillagoe-Mungana Caves National Park containing limestone caves. There are between 600 and 1,000 caves in the Chillagoe-Mungana area. The caves, the spectacular karst landscape and the mining and smelting history are the main tourist attractions to the region.

It has been stated by leading geologist Professor Ian Plimer that the Chillagoe region has the most diverse geology in the world.
Ardo Smaragdus
Ardo Smaragdus (died March 843 AD) was a hagiographer.  He entered the monastery of Aniane in Hérault as a boy, probably as an oblate, and was brought up by Benedict of Aniane. He was ordained a priest and made head of the monastery school.

In 794, he accompanied Benedict to the Council of Frankfurt. and in 814, he replaced Benedict as abbot after the latter joined the imperial court at Aix-la-Chapelle.

Smaragdus wrote a life of Benedict in 822, one of the most reliable hagiological productions of that period. He himself was honored as a saint at his monastery after his death.

Hérault
Hérault (French pronunciation: [eʁo]; Occitan: Erau, [eˈɾaw]) is a department of the region of Occitania, Southern France. Named after the Hérault River, its prefecture is Montpellier. It had a population of 1,175,623 in 2019.
Marksa
Marksa is a village in Pärnu municipality, Pärnu County, in southwestern Estonia, on the coast of Pärnu Bay (part of the Gulf of Riga). It has a population of 93 (as of 1 January 2011). Prior to the 2017 administrative reform of local governments, it was located in Audru Parish.

Lindi Nature Reserve with Lindi bog is located just northwest of Marksa, in Kõpu.

Lindi Nature Reserve
Lindi Nature Reserve is a nature reserve situated in south-western Estonia, in Pärnu County.

Lindi Nature Reserve was established in 1958, and the protection of the site was expanded in 1999. The nature reserve is centred on Lindi bog, and consists mostly of herb-rich, wooded areas. It is an important habitat for many species, notably large birds of prey like the lesser spotted eagle and the white-tailed eagle.
Los Picaos de San Vicente de la Sonsierra
Los Picaos are public acts of penance of the Christian religion that occur in the town of San Vicente de la Sonsierra in La Rioja (Spain). In Christian processions and Stations of the Cross,  members of the Cofradía de la Santa Vera Cruz de San Vicente, a Christian confraternity of penitents, practice self-flagellation of the back by using a discipline as a voluntary act of faith; they are called disciplinantes.

On February 17, 2005, the Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade of Spain granted the title of Fiesta of National Tourist Interest to be held on Maundy Thursday and Good Friday.

Human back
The human back, also called the dorsum (pl.: dorsa), is the large posterior area of the human body, rising from the top of the buttocks to the back of the neck. It is the surface of the body opposite from the chest and the abdomen. The vertebral column runs the length of the back and creates a central area of recession. The breadth of the back is created by the shoulders at the top and the pelvis at the bottom.

Back pain is a common medical condition, generally benign in origin.
Orkan-e Tork
Orkan-e Tork (Persian: اوركن ترك; also known as Organ-e Tork) is a village in Khandan Rural District, Tarom Sofla District, Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 131, in 35 families.

Qazvin province
Qazvin province (Persian: استان قزوین; IPA: [ɢæzˈviːn] ⓘ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the northwest of the country, with the city of Qazvin as its capital.

The province was carved out of Tehran and Zanjan provinces in 1997. The province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.
Queensland Police Service
The Queensland Police Service (QPS) is the principal law enforcement agency responsible for policing the Australian state of Queensland. In 1990, the Queensland Police Force was officially renamed the Queensland Police Service and the old motto of "Firmness with Courtesy" was changed to "With Honour We Serve". The headquarters of the Queensland Police Service is located at 200 Roma Street, Brisbane.

The current Commissioner is Brett Pointing.  The Commissioner reports to the Minister for Police, presently Daniel Purdie.

Handcuffs
Handcuffs are restraint devices designed to secure an individual's wrists in proximity to each other. They comprise two parts, linked together by a chain, a hinge, or rigid bar. Each cuff has a rotating arm which engages with a ratchet that prevents it from being opened once closed around a person's wrist. Without a key, handcuffs cannot be removed without specialist knowledge, and a handcuffed person cannot move their wrists more than a few centimetres or inches apart, making many tasks difficult or impossible.

Handcuffs are frequently used by law enforcement agencies worldwide to prevent suspected criminals from escaping from police custody.
Tauto Sansbury
Tauto Sansbury (c. 1949 – 23 September 2019) was a Narungga man from the Yorke Peninsula of South Australia. He was the recipient of the NAIDOC Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2015 NAIDOC Week celebrations. Sansbury was born and raised on an Aboriginal reserve and dedicated his life to advocacy for Indigenous Australians.

Yorke Peninsula
The Yorke Peninsula, known as Guuranda by the original inhabitants, the Narungga people, is a peninsula located northwest and west of Adelaide in South Australia, between Spencer Gulf on the west and Gulf St Vincent on the east. The peninsula is separated from Kangaroo Island to the south by Investigator Strait.

The most populous town in the region is Kadina; Maitland is the most central town; and the south-western tip is occupied by Dhilba Guuranda-Innes National Park.
SpVgg Ansbach
SpVgg Ansbach is a German football club from the city of Ansbach, Bavaria.

The club's greatest league success came in 2001, when it earned promotion to the tier-three Regionalliga Süd, where it lasted for only one season. They returned to the Regionalliga in 2022. SpVgg Ansbach qualified for the German Cup on three occasions, reaching the second round once, in 1980–81.

1980–81 DFB-Pokal
The 1980–81 DFB-Pokal was the 38th season of the annual German football cup competition. It began on 27 August 1980 and ended on 2 May 1981. In the final, FC Kaiserslautern was defeated by Eintracht Frankfurt (3–1) who were awarded the trophy for the third time. Despite losing in the quarter-finals, Hamburger SV set an all-time record by scoring 36 goals in the competition. Fortuna Düsseldorf set an all-time record of 18 consecutive cup-match victories since 1978, despite losing in the quarter-finals.
Aliyah (Torah)
An aliyah (Hebrew: עליה; pl. עליות, aliyot; 'ascent' or 'going up') is the calling of a member of a Jewish congregation up to the bimah for a segment of the formal Torah reading. One receiving an aliyah is called an oleh (male) or olah (female).

The individual receiving the aliyah goes up to the bimah before the chanting and recites a series of blessings specific to ritualized Torah chanting. After the portion of the Torah is read, the recipient recites another blessing.

Babylonian Jewry completed the cycle of Torah portions annually, and Palestinian Jewry adopted a triennial cycle, according to Megillah 29b. The weekly chanting of the haftara, a portion of the Nevi'im linked by the Tannaim to the week's Torah portion, originated during the Mishnaic era (Megillah 24a). This practice probably began after the canonization of the Hebrew Bible and the ensuing effort by Jews to highlight the Jewish prophets.

Committee on Jewish Law and Standards
The Committee on Jewish Law and Standards is the central authority on halakha (Jewish law and tradition) within Conservative Judaism; it is one of the most active and widely known committees on the Conservative movement's Rabbinical Assembly. Within the movement it is known as the CJLS. The current chairman of the CJLS is Rabbi Pamela Barmash.
Edam, Saskatchewan
Edam (2016 population: 480) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Turtle River No. 469 and Census Division No. 17. Edam is located off Highway 26, south of Turtleford and north of Vawn.

The village is known as a "Little piece of Holland in Saskatchewan". Established in 1907, the hamlet was named for the city of Edam in the Netherlands, after the name 'Amsterdam' was rejected by the Saskatchewan Government Office as "too long".

Edam, Netherlands
Edam (Dutch pronunciation: [eːˈdɑm] ⓘ) is a city in the North Holland province of northwestern Netherlands. Combined with Volendam, Edam forms the municipality of Edam-Volendam. Approximately 7,380 people live in Edam. The entire municipality of Edam-Volendam has 28,492 inhabitants. The name Edam originates from a dam on the little river E or IJe where the first settlement was located and which was therefore called IJedam.

Edam is famous as the original source of the cheese with the same name.
Madia (surname)
Madia is the surname of the following notable people:

Chunilal Madia (1922–1968), Gujarati author from India

Giorgio Madia (born 1965), Italian opera and ballet choreographer and stage director

Kanti Madia, Indian actor, director, producer and playwright

Marianna Madia (born 1980), Italian politician

Stefano Madia (1954–2004), Italian film actor

William Madia (born 1947), American scientist

Jiten Madia Indian Entreprenuer

Chunilal Madia
Chunilal Madia (12 August 1922 – 29 December 1968) was a Gujarati author from Gujarat, India, primarily known for his novels and short stories set in rural Saurashtra. Recipients of several awards, he is considered one of the leading writers of Gujarati literature.
Euphemia of Kiev
Evfimiya Vladimirovna (Ukrainian: Євфимія Володимирівна, Russian: Евфимия Владимировна), known as Euphemia of Kiev (fl. 1112–died 4 April 1138) was Queen Consort of Hungary by marriage to Coloman, King of Hungary.

Euphemia was the daughter of Grand Prince Vladimir II Monomakh of Kiev and his second wife, whose name and ancestry are unknown. She was married to King Coloman of Hungary around 1112, when she was noted as being a teenager. However, her husband, who had been suffering from a serious disease, caught her in adultery and immediately sent her back to Kiev. Euphemia gave birth to her son, Boris (1113 – 1155–1156), in her father's court, but the son was never recognised by King Coloman. Afterwards, she lived in a monastery near Kiev till her death, maintaining high status and respect despite the circumstances of her reputation.  She was buried in the Church of the Holy Savior in Berestovo (which is within present-day Kiev).

Queen consort
A queen consort  is the wife of a reigning king, and usually shares her spouse's social rank and status. She holds the feminine equivalent of the king's monarchical titles and may be crowned and anointed, but historically she does not formally share the king's political and military powers, unless on occasion acting as regent.  In polygynous societies, a (male) monarch has a principal or senior wife.

In contrast, a queen regnant is a female monarch who rules suo jure (Latin for, "in her own right") and usually becomes queen by inheriting the throne upon the death of the previous monarch.

A queen dowager is a widowed queen consort, and a queen mother is a queen dowager who is the mother of the current monarch.
Whitefish River (Montana)
The Whitefish River is a 24.8-mile-long (39.9 km) southward-flowing stream originating at the outlet of Whitefish Lake. The river is a tributary of the Stillwater River just before it reaches the Flathead River in Flathead County, in the U.S. state of Montana. The Whitefish River is part of the Columbia River basin, as the Flathead River is a tributary of Clark Fork, which is a tributary to the Pend Oreille River, which is a tributary to the Columbia River.

Flathead County, Montana
Flathead County is a county located in the U.S. state of Montana. At the 2020 census, its population was 104,357, making it the state's fourth most populous county. Its county seat is Kalispell. Its numerical designation (used in the issuance of license plates) is 7. Its northern border is on the state's north border, making it contiguous with the Canada–US border, facing British Columbia.

Flathead County comprises the Kalispell, Montana Micropolitan Statistical Area, with neighboring Lake County following soon after.
Audelia, Dallas
32°54′34″N 96°43′04″W﻿ / ﻿32.909442°N 96.717711°W﻿ / 32.909442; -96.717711
Audelia is an area in Dallas, Texas, United States that used to be a distinct unincorporated community in Dallas County. The Audelia site is located three miles south of what is now Richardson.

By 1981 Audelia was within Dallas. The area is now part of the Lake Highlands area, sometimes being referred to as North Lake Highlands.

Richardson, Texas
Richardson is a city in Dallas and Collin counties in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 United States census, the city had a total population of 119,469. Richardson is an inner suburb of the city of Dallas.

It is home to the University of Texas at Dallas and the Telecom Corridor, with a high concentration of telecommunications companies. More than 5,000 businesses have operations within Richardson's 28 square miles (73 km2), including many of the world's largest telecommunications and networking companies, such as AT&T, Verizon, Cisco Systems, Samsung, ZTE, MetroPCS, Texas Instruments, Qorvo, and Fujitsu. Richardson's largest employment base is provided by the insurance industry, with Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Texas's headquarters, a regional hub for the insurance company GEICO, regional offices for United Healthcare, and one of State Farm Insurance's three national regional hubs located in the community.
AZP S-60
AZP S-60 (Russian: Автоматическая зенитная пушка С-60, abbrev. АЗП (AZP); literally: Automatic anti-aircraft gun S-60) is a Soviet towed, road-transportable, short- to medium-range, single-barrel anti-aircraft gun from the 1950s. The gun was extensively used in Warsaw Pact, Middle Eastern and Southeast Asian countries.

Remote controlled weapon station
A remote controlled weapon station (RCWS), remotely operated weapon system (ROWS), or remote weapon system (RWS), is a remotely operated light or medium-caliber weapon system, often equipped with a fire-control system, that can be installed on a ground combat vehicle or sea- and air-based combat platform.

Such equipment is used on modern military vehicles, as it allows a gunner to remain in the relative protection of the vehicle.  It may be retrofitted onto existing vehicles, for example, the CROWS system is being fitted to American Humvees.
Malviya Nagar metro station
The Malviya Nagar metro station is located on the Yellow Line of the Delhi Metro.

It is located near the PVR Cinemas multiplex, just north of Saket's A block. It is nearer to Geetanjali Enclave than to Malviya Nagar.

PVR INOX
PVR INOX Limited is an Indian multiplex chain. It was formed in 2023 as a result of the merger between PVR Cinemas and INOX Leisure. PVR pioneered the multiplex revolution in India by establishing the first multiplex cinema in 1997 at Vasant Vihar, New Delhi. As of December 2024, PVR INOX operates 1,749 screens across 355 properties in 111 cities of India and Sri Lanka.
2009 World Touring Car Championship
The 2009 World Touring Car Championship season was the sixth FIA World Touring Car Championship season, the fifth since its 2005 return. It began on 8 March, and ended on 22 November, after twenty-four races. The championship, which was reserved for Super 2000 Cars and Diesel 2000 Cars, comprised two titles, the FIA World Touring Car Champion for Drivers and the FIA World Touring Car Champion for Manufacturers.

Italian Gabriele Tarquini won the Drivers' Championship by four points from SEAT Sport team-mate Yvan Muller, with BMW Team Germany's Augusto Farfus finishing third ten points behind Muller. The Manufacturers Championship was retained by SEAT beating BMW by just three points. Tom Coronel took the Independents' Trophy for SUNRED Engineering, which won the Teams' Trophy.

Schnitzer Motorsport
Schnitzer Motorsport was a motorsport team based in Freilassing near Munich, Germany. From the early days of its establishment, the team mostly operated an automobile racing squad for BMW, and had remarkable results in touring car and sports car racing. The team would often run the cars for BMW under the name of "BMW Motorsport". In 2012, the team operated the DTM team for BMW under the name of "BMW Team Schnitzer".

On 4 December 2020, BMW announced that it will terminate its relationship with Schnitzer Motorsport after more than 50 years.
Nymboi-Binderay National Park
Nymboi-Binderay is a national park located in New South Wales, Australia, 444 kilometres (276 mi) north of Sydney. It is located north of the town of Dorrigo.

This park surrounds the granite gorges and banks of the rugged Nymboida River. The Nymboida rapids are used by white water rafters. The park also contains sections of the Little Nymboida River and recreational areas at Cod Hole and The Junction. Rainforest and extensive old growth forest provide habitat for a variety of threatened fauna, including 68 species of mammals, 33 species of reptiles, 25 species of amphibians and over 120 species of birds.

It includes patches of the rare Dorrigo white gum.

Little Nymboida River
Little Nymboida River, a perennial stream of the Clarence River catchment, is located in the Northern Rivers and Northern Tablelands districts of New South Wales, Australia. It flows through the village of Lowanna.
Katsikas refugee camp
Katsikas refugee camp, officially termed Katsikas facility of temporary reception by the Greek government, is an operation unit under the Greek Ministry of Migration and Asylum for the hosting and temporary reception of immigrants and refugees in Greece. It is located in the municipal community of Katsikas of the municipality of Ioannina in the Ioannina regional unit of Epirus Region. The National Public Health Organization, the Ministry of Education, the Greek Military and aid agencies "ASB Greece" and "Metadrasi" operate in the camp.

Epirus (region)
Epirus (/ɪˈpaɪrəs/ ih-PY-rəs; Greek: Ήπειρος, romanized: Ípiros, [ˈi.pi.ros]) is a traditional geographic and modern administrative region in northwestern Greece. It borders the regions of Western Macedonia and Thessaly to the east, West Greece to the south, the Ionian Sea and Ionian Islands to the west and Albania to the north. The region has an area of about 9,200 km2 (3,600 sq mi). It is part of the wider historical region of Epirus, which overlaps modern Albania and Greece but lies mostly within Greek territory.