hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Horst Rudat
Horst Rudat (3 May 1920 − 31 August 1982) was a general in the German Air Force. During World War II, he served in the Luftwaffe of Nazi Germany as a bomber pilot.

In the weeks following Operation Overlord, the Allied invasion of France, Rudat was tasked with the leadership of a task force in 2./Kampfgeschwader 101. The task force was experimenting with the Mistel, a Luftwaffe aircraft bombing system, based broadly on the parasite aircraft concept. Rudat led a formation of 4 Mistel aircraft against the invasion fleet of off Normandy in the night of 24/25 June 1944. HMS Nith, a British River-class frigate, was damaged killing nine of her crew.

Oberleutnant
Oberleutnant (English: First Lieutenant) is a senior lieutenant officer rank in the German-speaking armed forces of Germany (Bundeswehr), the Austrian Armed Forces, and the Swiss Armed Forces. In Austria, Oberleutnant is also a designation for certain positions in the federal police and prison guards. In the former West Germany, it was also a rank in the Federal Border Protection (Bundesgrenzschutz).
Bristol, Rhode Island
Bristol is a town in Bristol County, Rhode Island, United States, as well as the county seat. The population of Bristol was 22,493 at the 2020 census.  It is a deep water seaport named after Bristol, England. Major industries include boat building and related marine industries, manufacturing, and tourism. The Bristol Warren Regional School District manages the unified school system for Bristol and the neighboring town of Warren. Prominent communities include Portuguese-Americans, mostly Azoreans, and Italian-Americans.

Narragansett Bay
Narragansett Bay is a bay and estuary on the north side of Rhode Island Sound covering 147 square miles (380 km2), 120.5 square miles (312 km2) of which is in Rhode Island. The bay forms New England's largest estuary, which functions as an expansive natural harbor and includes a small archipelago. Small parts of the bay extend into Massachusetts.

There are more than 30 islands in the bay; the three largest ones are Aquidneck Island, Conanicut Island, and Prudence Island. Bodies of water that are part of Narragansett Bay include the Sakonnet River, Mount Hope Bay, and the southern, tidal part of the Taunton River. The bay opens on Rhode Island Sound and the Atlantic Ocean; Block Island lies less than 20 miles (32 km) southwest of its opening.
Ina Pichlmayr
Ina Pichlmayr (born 1932 in Wahlstatt, Silesia) is a German anesthesiologist and professor of medicine. She is co-founder of the Rehabilitation Center Ederhof, a special hospital in Iselsberg-Stronach (East Tyrol) for the rehabilitation of children and adolescents and their parents before and after organ transplantation.

East Tyrol
East Tyrol, occasionally East Tirol (German: Osttirol), is an exclave of the Austrian state of Tyrol, separated from North Tyrol by parts of Salzburg State and parts of Italian South Tyrol (Südtirol, Italian: Alto Adige). It is coterminous with the administrative district (Bezirk) of Lienz.
Moscow Peak
Moscow Peak, also Moskva Peak or Pik Moskva (Russian: Пик Москва and also Tajik: Қуллаи Москва), is a 6,785 m peak in the Peter I Range, western Pamir.

It is located in the south-east of Jirgatol district in Tajikistan's Region of Republican Subordination, about 10 km west of Ismail Samani Peak, Tajikistan's highest mountain.

Moscow Peak is also the name of two much smaller mountains in the United States and Australia:

Moscow Peak in the State of Arizona (Yavapai County), U.S.A. (2,343 m, 34.403082N, 112.396001W)

Moscow Peak in Victoria, Australia (1,647 m, 6.84401S, 148.1437E )

Districts under Central Government Jurisdiction
Districts under Central Government Jurisdiction, also translated as Districts under Republican Subordination (Russian: Районы республиканского подчинения; Tajik: Ноҳияҳои тобеи ҷумҳурӣ, romanized: Nohiyahoyi tobe’i jumhuriy), is a region in Tajikistan, consisting of 9 districts and 4 district-level cities that are directly under central administration. Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan, is surrounded by the Districts under Central Government Jurisdiction, but not part of it. The region shares a border with Dushanbe, Sughd, GBAO, Khatlon, Kyrgyzstan (Batken and Osh regions) and Uzbekistan (Surxondaryo). The region covers an area of 28,500 square kilometres, and has a total population of 2,165,900 (2020). The Districts' ethnic composition in 2010 was 85% Tajik and 11.7% Uzbek.
Bywaters
Bywaters is a surname in the English language. People whose family name is or was Bywaters include:

Frederick Bywaters (1902–1923), British man executed for murder

Eric Bywaters (1910–2003), British physician

Gabe Bywaters (died 2004), Australian politician

Jerry Bywaters (1906–1989), American artist, university professor, museum director, art critic and historian

Stella Bywaters (1919–2009), Australian brigadier in the Salvation Army

Zakiya Bywaters (born 1991), American professional soccer

Gabe Bywaters
Gabriel Alexander Bywaters (2 September 1914 — 2 November 2004) was an Australian politician who represented the South Australian House of Assembly seat of Murray from 1956 to 1968 for the Labor Party.
Secondigny
Secondigny (French pronunciation: [səɡɔ̃diɲi]) is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department in western France.

It is situated about 14 km west of the town of Parthenay and 35 km north of Niort.

Secondigny is the source of the Thouet, a river that flows east and then north before joining the Loire near Saumur. Just to the west of Secondigny is the source of the Sèvre Nantaise, which flows west and north to join the Loire in Nantes.

Saumur
Saumur (French: [somyʁ] ⓘ) is a commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France.

The town is located between the Loire and Thouet rivers, and is surrounded by the vineyards of Saumur itself, Chinon, Bourgueil, Coteaux du Layon, etc.. Saumur station has rail connections to Tours, Angers, La Roche-sur-Yon and Nantes.
Thomas & Friends series 14
Thomas & Friends is a children's television series about the engines and other characters working on the railways of the Island of Sodor, and is based on The Railway Series books written by the Wilbert Awdry.

This article lists and details episodes from the fourteenth series of the show, which was first broadcast in 2010. This series was narrated by Michael Angelis for the UK audiences, while Michael Brandon narrated the episodes for the US audiences.

Island of Sodor
The Island of Sodor, or simply Sodor, is a fictional island that is the primary setting for The Railway Series books by Wilbert Awdry. It lies in the Irish Sea between Cumbria and the Isle of Man. The island has many railways, including many locomotives, the most famous being Thomas the Tank Engine. The island also appears in the television adaptation Thomas & Friends, and other media in the franchise.
Baffin Bay
Baffin Bay (Inuktitut: ᓴᒃᓂᕈᑎᐊᒃ ᐃᒪᖓ Saknirutiak Imanga; Greenlandic: Avannaata Imaa; French: Baie de Baffin; Danish: Baffinsbugten), located between Baffin Island and the west coast of Greenland, is defined by the International Hydrographic Organization as a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean.: Art.23  It is sometimes considered a sea of the North Atlantic Ocean. It is connected to the Atlantic via the Davis Strait and the Labrador Sea. The narrower Nares Strait connects Baffin Bay with the Arctic Ocean. The bay is not navigable most of the year because of the ice cover and high density of floating ice and icebergs in the open areas. However, a polynya of about 80,000 km2 (31,000 sq mi), known as the North Water, opens in summer on the north near Smith Sound. Most of the aquatic life of the bay is concentrated near that region.

Arctic ice pack
The Arctic ice pack is the sea ice cover of the Arctic Ocean and its vicinity. The Arctic ice pack undergoes a regular seasonal cycle in which ice melts in spring and summer, reaches a minimum around mid-September, then increases during autumn and winter. Summer ice cover in the Arctic is about 50% of winter cover.  Some of the ice survives from one year to the next. Currently, 28% of Arctic basin sea ice is multi-year ice, thicker than seasonal ice: up to 3–4 m (9.8–13.1 ft) thick over large areas, with ridges up to 20 m (65.6 ft) thick. Besides the regular seasonal cycle there has been an underlying trend of declining sea ice in the Arctic in recent decades as well.
Pháp Hoa Temple
Phap Hoa Temple (Vietnamese: Chùa Pháp Hoa, listenⓘ, Chữ Hán: 法葩寺), meaning Dharma Lotus Temple, is a Buddhist temple located in Pennington, South Australia. Established in 1978, it moved to its current location in December 1989. It is a member of the United Vietnamese Buddhist Congregation and the head is the Most Venerable Thich Nhu Hue, and the abbot is the Reverend Thich Vien Tri.

Chữ Hán
Chữ Hán (Vietnamese: 𡨸漢 [t͡ɕɯ˦ˀ˥ haːn˧˦] ⓘ, lit. 'Han characters') are the Chinese characters that were used to write Literary Chinese (Hán văn; 漢文) and Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary in Vietnamese. They were officially used in Vietnam after the Red River Delta region was annexed into the Han dynasty and continued to be used until the early 20th century.
VOEA Late (A402)
VOEA Late (A402) is a landing craft that was commissioned into the Tongan Maritime Force on 15 Oct 2025 and was donated by Australia under the Pacific Maritime Security Program.

A402, replaced, VOEA Late (A401), a landing craft donated by Australia through the Defence Cooperation Program that was commissioned as VOEA Late on 23 October 2015. The A$5 million landing craft was designed by Australian firm Incat Crowther and built by Forgacs Marine and Defence in Newcastle, New South Wales.

A401 was listed in August 2025 for sale by Pickles Auctions.

A401 replaced, HMAV Late (C315), a former Australian Army LCM-8 landing craft donated to Tonga in 1982 through the Australian Defence Cooperation Program to "assist in cyclone rehabilitation work" following Cyclone Isaac. In June 1982, the landing craft was commissioned as the HMAV Late. In 2000, HMAV Late was decommissioned.

LCM-8
The LCM-8 ("Mike Boat") is a river boat and mechanized landing craft used by the United States Navy and Army during the Vietnam War and subsequent operations. They are currently used by governments and private organizations throughout the world.   The acronym stands for "Landing Craft Mechanized, Mark 8". (The "Mike Boat" term refers to the military phonetic alphabet, LCM being "Lima Charlie Mike".)

The vessel weighs 135,000 pounds (61,200 kg) and has a crew of four: a Boatswain's Mate petty officer, an Engineman petty officer, a non-rated fireman, and a seaman. US Army specifications call for a crew of six during 24-hour operations: two coxswains, two seamen and two enginemen. The LCM-8s are constructed from welded steel and powered by four 6-71 or two 12V71 diesel engines, twin propellers, and rudders. The ship can carry 60 short tons of cargo.  It was designed by Marinette Marine Corp.  It has a range of 190 miles at 9 knots with a full load.
Mariette Hartley
Mary Loretta Hartley (born June 21, 1940) is an American film and television actress. She is possibly best known for her roles in film as Elsa Knudsen in Sam Peckinpah's Ride the High Country (1962), Susan Clabon in Alfred Hitchcock's Marnie (1964), and Betty Lloyd in John Sturges' Marooned (1969). She has appeared extensively on television, with notable roles as Claire Morton in the ABC  soap opera Peyton Place (1965), various roles in the CBS television Western drama series Gunsmoke, and a series of commercials with James Garner in the 1970s and 1980s.

The Rockford Files
The Rockford Files is an American detective drama television series starring James Garner, aired on NBC from September 13, 1974, to January 10, 1980. Garner portrays Los Angeles private investigator Jim Rockford, with Noah Beery Jr. in the supporting role of his father, Joseph "Rocky" Rockford, a retired truck driver. The show was created by Roy Huggins and Stephen J. Cannell.

Huggins had created the American Western TV show Maverick (1957–1962), in which Garner also starred, and he wanted to create a similar show in a modern-day detective setting. In 2002, The Rockford Files was ranked number 39 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time.
Turkish delight
Turkish delight, lokum (/ˈlɒkʊm/) or loqum (/ˈlɒkʊm/) is a family of confections based on a gel of starch and sugar. Premium varieties consist largely of chopped dates, pistachios, hazelnuts or walnuts bound by the gel; traditional varieties are often flavored with rosewater, mastic gum, bergamot orange, or lemon. Other common flavors include cinnamon and mint. The confection is often packaged in small cubes dusted with icing sugar, copra, or powdered cream of tartar to prevent clinging.

Gel
A gel is a semi-solid that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough. Gels are defined as a substantially dilute cross-linked system, which exhibits no flow when in the steady state, although the liquid phase may still diffuse through this system.

Gels are mostly liquid by mass, yet they behave like solids because of a three-dimensional cross-linked network within the liquid. It is the cross-linking within the fluid that gives a gel its structure (hardness) and contributes to the adhesive stick (tack). In this way, gels are a dispersion of molecules of a liquid within a solid medium. The word gel was coined by 19th-century Scottish chemist Thomas Graham by clipping from gelatine.

The process of forming a gel is called gelation.
Miling, Western Australia
Miling is a small town in the Shire of Moora, 200 kilometres (124 mi) north of Perth, Western Australia. At the 2021 census, it had a population of 101.

Miling is the terminus  of the Clackline–Miling railway branch line 150 miles from Perth. This branch line originally started at Clackline, but – after the changes to the Eastern Railway in 1966 – commenced at West Toodyay.

Miling is within the network known as the "wheatbins", which are areas served by the Wheatbelt railway lines of Western Australia.

In 1932, the Wheat Pool of Western Australia announced that the town would have two grain elevators, each fitted with an engine, installed at the railway siding.

The surrounding areas produce wheat and other cereal crops. The town is a receival site for Cooperative Bulk Handling.

Wheatbelt railway lines of Western Australia
The wheatbelt railway lines of Western Australia were a network of railway lines in Western Australia that primarily served the Wheatbelt region.

Maps of the Western Australian Government Railways system in the 1930s show that in the main wheatbelt region, any railway line was within 48 kilometres (30 mi) of the harvest location, facilitating ease of access to rail transport. Most of the larger extent of the network has since been closed.

In the current railway management systems, many of the remaining operating lines are primarily for the haulage of grain.
Pandupole
Pandupole is a tourist spot in the Sariska Tiger Reserve (Alwar district, Rajasthan), and it has an ancient mythical connotation attached to it. Pandupole was the ancient site where the strongest among the Pandavas, Bhima, vanquished the giant demon Hidimbb and in return for this victory earned the hand of his sister, Hidimba. It also has a cascading spring emerging from hard and compact rocks. Legend has it that the Pandava brother took refuge here during their exile. The main path takes to Pandupole which is not only a beautiful spot picturesque 35-ft waterfall is another attraction here and next to the fall is a charming little Hanuman temple. This area is abundant in langurs, peafowl, spurfowl, and ubiquitous tree pies. On the way to Pandupole, Karnakabas Lake, Brahmnath, Kalighati Chauki and Bhaironghati are also there.

Alwar district
Alwar district is a district in the state of Rajasthan in northern India, whose district headquarters is Alwar city. The district covers 8,337 km2. It is bound on the north by Khairthal Tijara and Kot Behror district of Rajasthan, on the east by Bharatpur district of Rajasthan and Nuh district of Haryana, on the south by Dausa district, and on the west by Jaipur district.

As of 2011, it is the third most populous district of Rajasthan (out of 33), after Jaipur and Jodhpur.
Willem Van der Tanerijen
Willem Van der Tanerijen (died 1499) was a jurist in the Duchy of Brabant (the territory of which is now divided between the Netherlands and Belgium) whose manuscript treatise on the procedures of the major courts of the duchy is an important source for the legal history of the fifteenth century. He was also a proponent of university training in law.

Duchy of Brabant
The Duchy of Brabant, a state of the Holy Roman Empire, was established in 1183. It developed from the Landgraviate of Brabant of 1085–1183, and formed the heart of the historic Low Countries. The Duchy comprised part of the Burgundian Netherlands from 1430 and of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1482, until it was partitioned after the Dutch revolt of 1566–1648.

The 1648 Peace of Westphalia ceded present-day North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) to the Generality Lands of the Dutch Republic, while the reduced duchy remained part of the Habsburg Netherlands until French Revolutionary forces conquered it in 1794 — a change recognized by the Treaty of Campo Formio in 1797.

Today all the duchy's former territories, apart from exclaves, are divided between Belgium and the Dutch province of North Brabant.
1998 Lipton Championships – Men's doubles
Todd Woodbridge and Mark Woodforde were the three-time defending champions, but retired from their second round match this year.

Ellis Ferreira and Rick Leach won the title, defeating Alex O'Brien and Jonathan Stark 6–2, 6–4 in the final.

Ellis Ferreira
Ellis Ferreira (born 19 February 1970) is a former professional male tennis player from South Africa. He played collegiately at the University of Alabama, earning all-SEC and all-American honors. Ferreira competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics in men's doubles with Wayne Ferreira (to whom he is unrelated). He won two Grand Slam doubles titles, the Men's title at the 2000 Australian Open with Rick Leach and the mixed doubles at the Australian Open with Corina Morariu in 2001. Ferreira was named the Senior Assistant Men's and Women's Tennis Head Coach at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, in July 2007. Ferreira is now the co-owner of the Eagleton/ Ferreira Tennis Academy on Longboat Key in Florida.
Henry Herbert Loveday
Henry Herbert Loveday (20 May 1864 – 19 January 1913) was a British railway executive who was general manager of the Central Argentine Railway from 1895 to 1910. His father, also Henry Herbert, was a chief inspector of the Midland Railway Company in Derby, England, who in 1877 gave evidence in court for the prosecution relating to the theft of the company's property.

Loveday died on 19 January 1913 at his home of Oak Lodge, Totteridge Common, London. He is remembered on a memorial plaque at St Andrew's Church, Totteridge.

Totteridge Common
Totteridge Common is a 3.7 hectare Site of Borough Importance for Nature Conservation, Grade II, in Totteridge in the London Borough of Barnet. The nature reserve is the southern verge of the road Totteridge Common, between Totteridge Park and Oak Lodge. It is registered common land owned by the Totteridge Manor Association and comprised the lands of the former Manor of Totteridge which were transferred to the association in 1954.
Rītdiena
Rītdiena (Tomorrow) was a free newspaper published in Latvia. It was published once a week, from 2005 to December 2007 in a printed form. The newspaper claimed to have 173 thousands subscribers. At the end of 2007, Latvian Post stopped delivering Rītdiena, because the newspaper owed Ls 647,300 to Latvian Post. The newspaper then stopped publishing a printed version but continued publishing electronically on its website until June 2008.

Latvijas Pasts
VAS Latvijas Pasts (English: Latvian Post) is the national postal operation of Latvia and a state owned company established in 1992. It provides universal postal services, parcel delivery and logistics, employing several thousand people. In recent years, the company has focused on rebranding and digital transformation while operating in a competitive market alongside private courier companies.
Calcutta Jain Temple
Kolkata Jain Temple (also known as Parshwanath Temple) is a Śvetāmbara Jain temple at Badridas Temple Street, Gouribari in Maniktala and a major tourist attraction of Kolkata, India. The temple construction in 1867 was paid for by philanthropist Rai Badridas Bahadoor Mookim. The consecration was performed by a Jain acharya named Kalyansuri Maharaja.

Shitalanatha
Shitalanatha was the tenth tirthankara of the present age according to Jainism. According to Jain beliefs, he became a siddha, a liberated soul which has destroyed all of its karma. Jains believe Shitalanatha was born to King Dradhrath and Queen Nanda at Bhaddilpur into the Ikshvaku dynasty. His birth date was the twelfth day of the Magha Krishna month of the Indian national calendar. Shitalanatha is associated with Svastika (Dig.)/ Srivatasa (Svet.) emblem, Pilurikha tree, Brahma Yaksha and Manavi (Dig.) & Ashoka (Svet.) Yakshi.
Kosava ghetto
The Kosava Ghetto (end of June 1941 – 25 August 1942) was a Jewish ghetto established by Nazi Germany in the town of Kosava, Ivatsevichi district, Brest region, Belarus. It served as a site for the forced concentration, persecution, and eventual extermination of the local Jewish population during the Holocaust in Belarus under German occupation.

Ivatsevichy district
Ivatsevichy district or Ivacevičy district (Belarusian: Івацэвіцкі раён; Russian: Ивацевичский район) is a district (raion) of Brest region in Belarus. Its administrative center is Ivatsevichy. As of 2024, it has a population of 50,196.

Vygonoschanskoye Lake, the sixth-largest lake in Belarus, is situated in the district.
Kallhäll
Kallhäll is a neighbourhood in Järfälla Municipality, Stockholm County. It is a suburban part of Stockholm urban area with a population of 12,000 inhabitants as of 2011 (including Stäket).

Kallhäll started as an industrial suburb when the industrialist Erik Bolinder decided to move his Bolinders Mechanical Shops to Kallhäll from Kungsholmen in central Stockholm. Housing for employees was built, thus expanding Kallhäll. The Bolinder factory structures remain today, encircled by expensive, modern lakeside residences.

A second era of expansion took place in the 1960s when Kallhäll was included in the Swedish government's great effort to reduce the lack of housing, Miljonprogrammet (The Million Programme). The tall, long, multiple-story buildings of the 1960s-70s dominate Kallhäll to this day.

Kallhäll has a station on the Stockholm commuter rail network, 21.1 km  north-west of Stockholm Central Station.

Million Programme
The Million Programme (Swedish: Miljonprogrammet) was a large public housing program implemented in Sweden between 1965 and 1974 by the governing Swedish Social Democratic Party to ensure the availability of affordable, high-quality housing to all Swedish citizens. The program sought to construct one million new housing dwellings over a ten-year period, which it accomplished. As part of its intention to modernize Swedish housing, it also demolished many older buildings that national and local governments considered obsolescent, unhealthy or derelict.

At the time, the intention to build one million new homes in a nation with a population of eight million made the Million Programme the most ambitious building programme in the world. In contrast to the social housing proposals of many other developed countries, which is targeted at those with low incomes, the Million Programme was a universal program intended to provide housing to Swedish people at a variety of income levels.