hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fc (Unix)
fc  (short for fix command) is a shell command that lists, edits and re-executes commands previously entered in the shell. It is particularly helpful for editing complex, multi-line commands. Originally developed for Unix and standardized by POSIX, the command is available in many operating systems today.

As it is required to be "intrinsic" by POSIX, it is implemented as a builtin in the Bash, Zsh, and Almquist shells.

Invoked with no options, the command opens a text editor, allowing the user to modify the last-run command. Upon exiting the editor, the modified command is executed in the current shell. The editor used can be specified with the -e option; otherwise it is read from the FCEDIT environment variable, or, in some shells, EDITOR, with a fallback to vi or ed. Command-line options allow for quick substitution, repetition or modification of a specific command from the session history, or a range of commands from the history.

Shell builtin
In computing, a shell builtin is a command or a function, exposed by a shell, that is implemented in the shell itself, instead of an external program which the shell would load and execute.

A shell builtin starts faster than an external program because there is no program loading overhead. However, its implementation code is in the shell program, and thus modifying it requires modifying the shell. Therefore, a shell builtin is usually only used for simple, almost trivial, commands, such as text output.

Some commands must be implemented as builtins due to the nature of the operating system. 
Notably, the cd command, which changes the working directory of the shell is often a builtin since a program runs in a separate process and working directory is specific to each process. Running cd as an external program would not affect the working directory of the shell that loaded it.
Chad–China relations
Chad–China relations refers to the current and historical relationship between the Republic of Chad and the People's Republic of China. Bilateral relations were initially established in 1972 but were severed by China in 1997 due to Chad's recognition of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Relations resumed in August 2006 when Chad ended its relationship with Taiwan and pledged adherence to the One China Policy. The ties between the two nations are primarily economic, although there is some cooperation in security. The economic ties are profitable for both countries, with China providing aid and investment in exchange for natural resources to fuel its economic growth.

French Chad
Chad was a part of the French colonial empire from 1900 to 1960. Colonial rule under the French began in 1900 when the Military Territory of Chad was established. From 1905, Chad was linked to the federation of French colonial possessions in Middle Africa, known from 1910 under the name of French Equatorial Africa. Chad passed in 1920 to French civilian administration, but suffered from chronic neglect.

Chad distinguished itself in 1940 for being, under the governorship of Félix Éboué, the first French colony to rally by the side of Free France. After World War II, the French permitted a limited amount of representation of the African population, ushering in a political clash between the progressive and southern-based Chadian Progressive Party (PPT) and the Islamic conservative Chadian Democratic Union (UDT). It was eventually the PPT which emerged victorious and brought the country to independence in 1960 under the leadership of François Tombalbaye.
Diving at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's synchronized 3 metre springboard
The men's synchronized 3 metre springboard was one of eight diving events included in the Diving at the 2000 Summer Olympics programme and one of the newest four events since 1924.

The competition was held as a direct final:

Final

28 September — Each pair of divers performed five dives freely chosen from the five diving groups, with two dives limited to a 2.0 degree of difficulty and the others without limitation. Divers could perform different dives during the same dive if both presented the same difficulty degree. The final ranking was determined by the score attained by the pair after all five dives had been performed.

Degree of difficulty
Degree of difficulty (DD, sometimes called tariff or grade) is a rating used in several sports and other competitions to indicate the technical difficulty of a skill, performance, or course, often as a factor in scoring. Sports which incorporate a degree of difficulty in scoring include bouldering, cross-country skiing, diving, equestrianism, figure skating, freestyle skiing, gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics, surfing, synchronized swimming and trampoline. Degree of difficulty is typically intended to be an objective measure, in sports whose scoring may also rely on subjective judgments of performance.
Cantiga
A cantiga (cantica, cantar) is a medieval monophonic song, characteristic of the Galician-Portuguese lyric. Over 400 extant cantigas come from the Cantigas de Santa Maria, narrative songs about miracles or hymns in praise of the Holy Virgin. There are near 1700 secular cantigas but music has only survived for a very few: six cantigas de amigo by Martín Codax and seven cantigas de amor by Denis of Portugal.

Cantiga is also the name of a poetic and musical form of the Renaissance, often associated with the villancico and the canción.

Denis of Portugal
Denis (Latin: Dionysius Alphonsus, Portuguese: Dinis Afonso; 9 October 1261 – 7 January 1325), called the Farmer King (Rei Lavrador) and the Poet King (Rei Poeta), was King of Portugal from 1279 until his death in 1325.

Dinis was the eldest son of Afonso III of Portugal by his second wife, Beatrice of Castile, and grandson of Afonso II of Portugal, Denis succeeded his father in 1279. He was married to Elizabeth of Aragon, who was later canonised as a saint of the Roman Catholic Church.

Denis ruled Portugal for over 46 years. He worked to reorganise his country's economy and gave an impetus to Portuguese agriculture. He ordered the planting of a large pine forest (that still exists today) near Leiria to prevent soil degradation that threatened the region, and to serve as a source of raw materials for the construction of the royal ships. He was also known for his poetry, which constitutes an important contribution to the development of Portuguese as a literary language.
Peter Barcza
Peter Barcza (born 23 June 1949) is a Canadian operatic baritone who has had an active international career since the early 1970s. After studies at the University of Toronto, he became a member of the Canadian Opera Company in 1971. The following year he won the Metropolitan Opera regional auditions. He has since appeared with major opera companies throughout the world, including La Monnaie, the New Orleans Opera, the New York City Opera, the Palacio de Bellas Artes, the Paris Opera, the Seattle Opera, and the Vancouver Opera among others. Barcza has appeared in recital and with symphony orchestras across Canada, including the Montreal Symphony, Quebec Symphony, Toronto Symphony and the National Arts Center Orchestra (Ottawa).

Seattle Opera
Seattle Opera is an American opera company based in Seattle, Washington. The company's season runs from August through late May, comprising five or six operas of eight to ten performances each, often featuring double casts in major roles to allow for successive evening presentations.

Since August 2003, Seattle Opera has performed at Marion Oliver McCaw Hall (capacity: 2,967), which was built on the site of the old Seattle Opera House at Seattle Center. The company's current general director is James Robinson.
Reptile egg fossil
Reptile egg fossils are the fossilized remains of eggs laid by reptiles. The fossil record of reptile eggs goes back at least as far as the Early Permian. However, since the earliest reptile eggs probably had soft shells with little preservation potential, reptilian eggs may go back significantly further than their fossil record. Many ancient reptile groups are known from egg fossils including crocodilians, dinosaurs, and turtles. Some ancient reptiles are known to have given live birth and are therefore not anticipated to have left behind egg fossils.

Taphonomy
Taphonomy is the study of how organisms decay and become fossilized or preserved in the paleontological record. The term taphonomy (from Greek táphos, τάφος 'burial' and nomos, νόμος 'law') was introduced to paleontology in 1940 by Soviet scientist Ivan Efremov to describe the study of the transition of remains, parts, or products of organisms from the biosphere to the lithosphere.

The term taphomorph is used to describe fossil structures that represent poorly-preserved, deteriorated remains of a mixture of taxonomic groups, rather than of a single one.
2000 Mercedes-Benz Cup
The 2000 Mercedes-Benz Cup was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Los Angeles Tennis Center in Los Angeles, California in the United States and was part of the International Series of the 2000 ATP Tour. The tournament ran from July 24 through July 30, 2000. Fourth-seeded Michael Chang won the singles title.

Jan-Michael Gambill
Jan-Michael Charles Gambill (born June 3, 1977) is an American former professional tennis player who made his professional debut in 1996. His career-high singles ranking is world No. 14, which he achieved on June 18, 2001. Best known for his unusual double-handed forehand, Gambill reached the quarterfinals of the 2000 Wimbledon Championships, the final of the 2001 Miami Masters, and won three singles titles.
Łomno, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Łomno [ˈwɔmnɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pawłów, within Starachowice County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south-west of Pawłów, 16 km (10 mi) south of Starachowice, and 31 km (19 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Starachowice County
Starachowice County (Polish: powiat starachowicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Starachowice, which lies 37 kilometres (23 mi) north-east of the regional capital Kielce. The only other town in the county is Wąchock, lying 5 km (3 mi) north-west of Starachowice.

The county covers an area of 523.27 square kilometres (202.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 89,925, out of which the population of Starachowice is 48,646, that of Wąchock is 2,766, and the rural population is 38,513.
Mull Hill
Meayll Hill (Manx: Cronk Meayll; also called The Mull) is a small hill in the exclave of Rushen parish at the southern end of the Isle of Man, just outside the village of Cregneash. It is the site of a chambered cairn called Meayll Circle or Mull Circle. Near the summit of the hill also lie the remains of a World War II Chain Home Low RDF station.

Meayll Hill Stone Circle is a unique archaeological monument. It consists of twelve burial chambers placed in a ring, with six entrance passages each leading into a pair of chambers. Sherds of ornate pottery, charred bones, flint tools and white quartz pebbles have been found in the burial chambers. It was built around 3500 BC; it is a site of legends, with diverse stories about haunting.

The word Meayll means "bald" in Manx Gaelic.

Chambered cairn
A chambered cairn is a burial monument, usually constructed during the Neolithic, consisting of a sizeable (usually stone) chamber around and over which a cairn of stones was constructed. Some chambered cairns are also passage-graves. They are found throughout Britain and Ireland, with the largest number in Scotland.

Typically, the chamber is larger than a cist, and will contain a larger number of interments, which are either excarnated bones or inhumations (cremations). Most were situated near a settlement, and served as that community's "graveyard".
Demo Anthology
Demo Anthology is a 2007 collection of hits and previously unreleased demos by the rock band Winger. The demo material is taken from recording sessions of the debut album Winger (1988) up to Pull (1993).

"Hour of Need" was rewritten by the band, and eventually surfaced as "In My Veins" on the album Pull. "Star Tripper" was reworked and was turned into "Baptized by Fire" on the album In the Heart of the Young. "Give Me More" was also rewritten, and eventually surfaced as "Hell to Pay" on the Japanese version of Pull. This track is also included on the 2001 compilation The Very Best of Winger.

Headed for a Heartbreak
"Headed for a Heartbreak" is a single by American glam metal band Winger from their self-titled debut album Winger. Released in May 1989, the power ballad reached No. 19 on the US Hot 100 and No. 8 on the US Mainstream Rock chart. The B-side to the single was "State of Emergency".

The music video for "Headed for a Heartbreak" was directed by Mark Rezyka and edited by Scott C. Wilson.

The song's riff was sampled in the song "Ground Zero" by the Diplomats, from the album Diplomatic Immunity.
Lee Haxall
Lee Haxall is an American film and television editor.  Haxall won a 1997 CableACE Award for Editing a Comedy/Music Special or Series for Arli$$ and a 2004 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series for the pilot episode of Arrested Development.  Haxall has also edited several high-profile motion pictures such as Meet the Fockers, The Dukes of Hazzard, Beerfest, Take Me Home Tonight and Crazy, Stupid, Love.  Haxall received an MFA in Cinema Production from the University of Southern California and worked in the sound department on films like Dune and Night of the Demons before moving into film editing.

Crazy, Stupid, Love
Crazy, Stupid, Love. is a 2011 American romantic comedy film directed by Glenn Ficarra and John Requa and written by Dan Fogelman. It stars Steve Carell, Ryan Gosling, Julianne Moore, Emma Stone, John Carroll Lynch, Marisa Tomei, and Kevin Bacon. It follows a series of interconnected love stories centered on a recently separated man, played by Carrell, who learns how to be more romantic and charm women.

The film was theatrically released in the United States on July 29, 2011, by Warner Bros. Pictures. It received positive reviews from critics and was a box office success, grossing over $145 million worldwide against a $50 million budget. It was nominated for Best Comedy at the 17th Critics' Choice Awards, while Gosling was nominated for Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy at the 69th Golden Globe Awards.
Sarah T'Joens
Sarah T'Joens (born 30 August 1991 in Kortrijk) is a Belgian politician of the Flemish nationalist Vlaams Belang party. She has been a member of the Flemish Parliament since 2024 representing the West Flanders constituency.

Belgians
Belgians (Dutch: Belgen [ˈbɛlɣə(n)] ⓘ; French: Belges [bɛlʒ] ⓘ; German: Belgier [ˈbɛlɡi̯ɐ] ⓘ) are people identified with the Kingdom of Belgium, a federal state in Western Europe. As Belgium is a multinational state, this connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural rather than ethnic. The majority of Belgians, however, belong to two distinct linguistic groups or communities (Dutch: gemeenschap; French: communauté) native to the country, i.e. its historical regions: Flemings in Flanders, who speak Dutch, West Flemish and Limburgish; and Walloons in Wallonia, who speak French or Walloon. There is also a substantial Belgian diaspora, which has settled primarily in the United States, Canada, France, and the Netherlands.
Ryūkō-ji (Fujisawa)
Ryūkō-ji (龍口寺) is a temple of the Nichiren Shū in the city of Fujisawa, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It stands on the site of the former Tatsukuchi (or Tatsunokuchi) Execution Grounds, and its name uses the same two kanji meaning "dragon mouth" (龍口). It was here that Nichiren, namesake of the Buddhist sect, was to have been executed, but was spared. It was founded in 1337 by Nippō, a disciple of Nichiren.

Major buildings at the temple include a hondō (main hall), a five-story pagoda, a stupa (sharitō), and the Shichimendō. The cave where Nichiren was confined is preserved on the grounds. A statue of him stands in the courtyard in front of the hondō.

Ryūkō-ji is a short walk from Enoshima Station on the Enoshima Electric Railway, and from Shōnan-Enoshima Station on the Shonan Monorail.

Shōnan-Enoshima Station
Shōnan-Enoshima station (Japanese: 湘南江の島駅, Hepburn: Shōnan-Enoshima-eki) is the southern terminal station of the Shōnan Monorail, located in Fujisawa, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is located 6.6 kilometres (4.1 mi) from the northern terminus at Ōfuna Station.
DP Leonis
DP Leonis (abbreviated DP Leo) is a binary star system in the equatorial constellation of Leo. It is a variable star that ranges in apparent visual magnitude from 17.5 down to 19. The system is located at a distance of approximately 990 light-years from the Sun based on parallax. It is a cataclysmic variable star of the AM Herculis-type also known as polars. The system comprises an eclipsing white dwarf and red dwarf in tight orbit (nearly 1.5 hours) and an extrasolar planet. This eclipsing variable was discovered by P. Biermann and associates in 1982 as the optical counterpart to the EINSTEIN X-ray source E1114+182.

Einstein Observatory
Einstein Observatory (HEAO-2) was the first fully imaging X-ray telescope put into space and the second of NASA's three High Energy Astrophysical Observatories. Named HEAO B before launch, the observatory's name was changed to honor Albert Einstein upon its successfully attaining orbit.
Tasaccora
Tasaccora, identifiable with the town of Sig in modern Algeria, was an ancient Roman town of the Roman province of Mauretania Caesariensis.

A bishop of this town Pequary, is known to have taken part in the synod assembled in Carthage in 484 by King Huneric of the Vandal Kingdom. Shortly after the synod Pequary was exiled (possibly) to Vandal-controlled Sicily. The current bishop of Tasaccora is Adam John Parker, the Catholic auxiliary bishop of Baltimore.

Adam Parker
Adam John Parker (born January 13, 1972) is an American Catholic prelate who has served as an auxiliary bishop for the Archdiocese of Baltimore since 2016.  Parker has also served as vicar general and moderator of the curia.
Cannabis in Guam
Cannabis in Guam has been legal for medical use since 2015 and legal for recreational use since April 2019. Guam was the first United States Territory to legalize medical marijuana, passing via a ballot referendum in 2014.

The 2012 UNODC World Drug Report ranked Guam as the third-highest jurisdiction for adult cannabis use in the world at 18.4%. As of 2017, NORML reported that possession of less than an ounce outside a school zone could result in a civil infraction with a $100 fine.

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC; French: Office des Nations unies contre la drogue et le crime) is a United Nations office that was established in 1997 as the Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention by combining the United Nations International Drug Control Program (UNDCP) and the Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division in the United Nations Office at Vienna, adopting the current name in 2002.

The agency's focus is the trafficking and abuse of illicit drugs, crime prevention and criminal justice, international terrorism, and political corruption. It is a member of the United Nations Development Group. In 2022–23, it had an estimated biannual budget of US$822 million.
Max Stern (artist)
Max Stern (15 June 1872 – 12 June 1943) was a German painter and graphic artist of Jewish ancestry, associated with the Düsseldorfer Malerschule. He was originally an Impressionist, but later became an advocate of the New Objectivity.

Düsseldorf School of painting
The Düsseldorf School of painting is a term referring to a group of painters who taught or studied at the Düsseldorf Academy (now the Staatliche Kunstakademie Düsseldorf or Düsseldorf State Art Academy) roughly between 1819 and 1918, first directed by the painter Wilhelm von Schadow.
2003 Karjala Tournament
The 2003 Karjala Tournament was played between 6 and 9 November 2003. The Czech Republic, Finland, Sweden and Russia played a round-robin for a total of three games per team and six games in total. One game was played in Rosvalla, Nyköping, Sweden (Sweden vs Czech Republic) all the other games was played in Hartwall Areena, Helsinki. Finland won the tournament. The tournament was part of the 2003–04 Euro Hockey Tour.

Veikkaus Arena
Veikkaus Arena (formerly Hartwall Arena and Helsinki Halli) is a large multi-functional indoor arena located in Helsinki, Finland. It was opened in April 1997 and the arena is convertible for various events. The total seated capacity during ice hockey games is 13,349 (about 14,000 for basketball, for concerts up to 15,000) and as an amphitheatre, it is significantly reduced to between 3,000 and 5,000.

Formerly under Russian ownership, it was closed in 2022 and left unused for over three years due to EU sanctions related to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The main sponsor, Hartwall, also ended its sponsorship and the arena's name was changed. In February 2025, the sale of the facility to new owners was concluded, with the arena scheduled to re-open in April or May. In July 2025, the arena's new sponsor name was announced as Veikkaus Arena.
Bundook beds
The Bundook Beds is a rock formation in the New England Orogen in eastern Australia. The maximum thickness is 2,740 metres, Formed between the Famennian and Frasnian in the late Devonian geological period.

Bundook beds consists of grey to brown lithic sandstone and siltstone, frequently cherty and ribbon banded. The formation is interbedded with massive greywackes, minor conglomerates and minor limestone.

Greywacke
Greywacke or graywacke (German: Grauwacke 'a grey, earthy rock') is a variety of sandstone generally characterized by its hardness (6–7 on Mohs scale), dark color, and poorly sorted angular grains of quartz, feldspar, and small rock fragments or sand-size lithic fragments set in a compact, clay-fine matrix. It is a texturally immature sedimentary rock generally found in Paleozoic strata. The larger grains can be sand- to gravel-sized, and matrix materials generally constitute more than 15% of the rock by volume.
Methylornithine synthase
Methylornithine synthase (EC 5.4.99.58, PylB) is an enzyme with systematic name L-lysine carboxy-aminomethylmutase. This enzyme catalyses the conversion of L-lysine into (3R)-3-methyl-D-ornithine.

The enzyme is a member of the superfamily of S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent radical enzymes.

Radical SAM enzymes
Radical SAM enzymes belong to a superfamily of enzymes that use an iron-sulfur cluster (4Fe-4S) to reductively cleave S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to generate a radical, usually a 5′-deoxyadenosyl radical (5'-dAdo), as a critical intermediate. These enzymes utilize this radical intermediate to perform diverse transformations, often to functionalize unactivated C-H bonds. Radical SAM enzymes are involved in cofactor biosynthesis, enzyme activation, peptide modification, post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications, metalloprotein cluster formation, tRNA modification, lipid metabolism, biosynthesis of antibiotics and natural products etc. The vast majority of known radical SAM enzymes belong to the radical SAM superfamily, and have a cysteine-rich motif that matches or resembles CxxxCxxC. Radical SAM enzymes comprise the largest superfamily of metal-containing enzymes.