hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
August Coenders
August Coenders (1890 — 1974) was a German engineer working for Stahlwerke Becker AG during World War I, where he built a 20 mm antiaircraft gun. In the 1930s, he worked for several years in the UK, and in Puteaux, France as well as at Oerlikon, Switzerland. In 1936 Hermann Röchling brought him to Wetzlar, Germany, where he worked at Röchling'sche Eisen und Stahlwerke GmbH during World War II .

Cönders designed the Röchling shell that was  tested in 1942 and 1943 against the Belgian Fort d'Aubin-Neufchâteau and the V-3 cannon. Very little is known of his life after the V-3 project.

He was involved in the development of several firearm designs: submachine gun, machine gun, Röchling Volksgewehr and Volkssturmkarabiner.

Oerlikon-Bührle
Oerlikon-Bührle (full name Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon, Bührle & Co., initially Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon) was a Swiss armaments company based in Oerlikon (Zürich) from 1906 to 1999.

After restructurings and the sale of various core divisions, in particular the armaments division Oerlikon Contraves Defence to the German Rheinmetall DeTec, the holding company was merged into the present OC Oerlikon in January 2000.
East Rutherford School District
The East Rutherford School District is a community public school district that serves students in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade from East Rutherford, in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the district, comprised of three schools, had an enrollment of 768 students and 81.9 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 9.4:1.

For grades ninth through twelfth grades, public school students attend the Becton Regional High School in East Rutherford, which serves high school students from both Carlstadt and East Rutherford as part of the Carlstadt-East Rutherford Regional School District, together with students from Maywood, who attend as part of a sending/receiving relationship. As of the 2023–24 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 821 students and 61.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.4:1.

Pre-kindergarten
Pre-kindergarten (also called pre-K or PK) is a voluntary classroom-based preschool program for children below the age of five in the United States, Canada, Turkey and Greece (when kindergarten starts). It may be delivered through a preschool or within a reception year in elementary school. Pre-kindergartens play an important role in early childhood education. They have existed in the US since 1922, normally run by private organizations. The U.S. Head Start program, the country's first federally funded pre-kindergarten program, was founded in 1967. This attempts to prepare children (especially disadvantaged children) to succeed in school.
Miss Grand Japan
Miss Grand Japan (Japanese: ミス・グランド・ジャパン) is a national female beauty pageant in Japan, held annually since 2015, aiming to select the country representative for Miss Grand International, which is an annual international beauty pageant promoting World Peace and against all kinds of conflicts. The pageant has been being organized by Miss Grand Japan Co., Ltd., headed by the first Miss Grand Japan  Eriko Yoshii, since its establishment.

Since its first participation at Miss Grand International in 2013, Japan holds a record of 6 placements; in 2014 – 2015, 2018 – 2020 and 2024. The highest achievement is the fourth runner-up, obtained by Haruka Oda of Saitama in 2018. Japan also won the best evening gown award in 2015 and the best national costume award in 2020 and 2023.

Eriko Yoshii won the Silver Grand Award in 2022 for being one of the top three national directors and the Golden Grand Award in 2024, which is awarded for being the best national director.

World peace
World peace is the concept of an ideal state of peace within and among all people and nations on Earth. Different cultures, religions, philosophies, and organizations have varying concepts on how such a state would come about.

Various religious and secular organizations have the stated aim of achieving world peace through addressing human rights, technology, education, engineering, medicine, or diplomacy used as an end to all forms of fighting. Since 1945, the United Nations and the five permanent members of its Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) have operated under the aim to resolve conflicts without war. Nonetheless, nations have entered numerous military conflicts since then.
Battle of Grünberg
The Battle of Grünberg (21 March 1761) was fought between French and allied Prussian and Hanoverian troops in the Seven Years' War at village of Grünberg, Hesse, near Stangenrod.  The French, led by the Jacques Philippe de Choiseul, inflicted a significant defeat on the allies, taking several thousand prisoners, and capturing 18 military standards.  The allied loss prompted Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick to lift the siege of Cassel and retreat.

Jacques Philippe de Choiseul, Duke of Stainville
Jacques Philippe de Choiseul, Duke of Stainville (6 September 1727, Lunéville – 2 June 1789, Strasbourg) was a French Marshal of France, general and nobleman. He became count and then in 1786 duke of Stainville (inheriting it from his elder brother Étienne François, duc de Choiseul) and baron of Dommanges.
Martha Seger
Martha Romayne Seger (February 17, 1932 – June 30, 2021) was an American economist, business administrator, and member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors. In 1976, she was named by Businessweek Magazine as one the top corporate women in the United States. She was the first woman to start at the beginning of the term for the Federal Reserve governor position and complete the term, with having served from 1984 to 1991.

Comerica
Comerica Incorporated is an American financial services company, headquartered in Dallas, Texas. It is the parent of Comerica Bank, a regional commercial bank with 413 branches in the U.S. states of Texas, Michigan, California, Florida and Arizona. Comerica is among the largest U.S. financial holding companies, with offices in a number of U.S. cities.

In October 2025, Fifth Third Bank announced that it would acquire Comerica, in a deal that closed on February 1, 2026.
Shere, Plateau State
Shere is a village east of Jos city, the capital of Plateau State in central Nigeria. The village is found on hills called Shere Hills on the northern part of the Jos Plateau. The Hills got the name Shere from the village.

The village is found at an elevation of about 1,401 metres (4,596 ft) high on the hills making the village the most highly elevated village in Northern Nigeria.

Shere is a village east of Jos city, the capital of Plateau State in central Nigeria. The village is found on hills called Shere Hills on the northern part of the Jos Plateau. The Hills got the name Shere from the village.

The village is found at an elevation of about 1,401 metres (4,596 ft) high[1] on the hills making the village the most highly elevated village in Northern Nigeria.

Northern Region, Nigeria
Northern Nigeria (or Arewancin Nijeriya) was an autonomous division within Nigeria, distinctly different from the southern part of the country, with independent customs, foreign relations and security structures. In 1962, it acquired the territory of the British Northern Cameroons, which voted to become a province within Northern Nigeria.

In 1967, Northern Nigeria was divided into the North-Eastern State, North-Western State, Kano State, Kaduna State, Kwara State, and the Benue-Plateau State, each with its own Governor.
Ana-Paula Correia
Ana-Paula Correia is a professor of Learning Technologies and the Ted and Lois Cyphert Distinguished Professor in the College of Education and Human Ecology at The Ohio State University. She is known for her research on learning design, educational technology, and human-computer interaction, and her work on nomophobia.

Educational technology
Educational technology (commonly abbreviated as edutech or edtech) refers to the use of computer hardware, software, and educational theory and practice to facilitate learning and teaching. When referred to with its abbreviation, "EdTech", it often refers to the industry of companies that create educational technology. Scholars such as Tanner Mirrlees and Shahid Alvi (2019) have described the edtech industry as consisting largely of privately owned companies involved in producing and distributing educational technologies for commercial purposes.

In addition to the practical educational experience, educational technology is based on theoretical knowledge from various disciplines such as communication, education, psychology, sociology, artificial intelligence, and computer science. It encompasses several domains, including learning theory, computer-based training, online learning, and mobile learning (m-learning).
Belgium men's national softball team
The Belgium men's national softball team is the softball team representing Belgium in international games and tournaments.

It is controlled by the Koninklijke Belgische Baseball- en Softbalbond (Royal Belgian Baseball- and Softball Federation) and participates in international tournaments of the supranational softball organisations ESF and ISF, like the European championship and the world championship. As of 2013, the team never attended world championships but did participate in 7 European championships.

European Men's Softball Championship
The Men's Softball European Championship (formerly  ESF Men's Championship) is the main championship tournament between national men's softball teams in Europe, governed by the European Softball Federation.
Didier Kavumbagu
Didier Kavumbangu (born 2 May 1988) is a Burundian professional international footballer. He plays for Viktoria Otrokovice which playing in the MSFL as a striker.

Young Africans yesterday unveiled Burundian striker, Didier Kavumbangu who has joined the Jangwani-based club for the coming season.

He was called to Burundi national football team at the 2012 Africa Cup of Nations qualification and scored two goals for his team.

2012 Africa Cup of Nations qualification
This page details the process of the 2012 Africa Cup of Nations qualification phase. Forty-six African nations, including hosts Gabon and Equatorial Guinea, entered the competition. Gabon and Equatorial Guinea automatically qualified as host countries. The other 44 nations were drawn into eleven groups, each containing 4 teams. Togo was later added to Group K after its reinstatement.

In each group, teams played each other home and away in a round-robin format. The top team in each group qualified, as did the runner-up of Group K (which contained 5 teams) and the two best runners-up from the other groups.
Eustathios Palatinos
Eustathios Palatinos (Latin: Eustachius Palatinus, Italian: Eustachio Palatino) was the catepan of Italy from the autumn of 1045 to September 1046. The primary source for his term of office is the chronicle of Lupus, a fellow protospatharius.

He was sent to replace Argyrus after the latter was recalled to Constantinople. He arrived in Otranto and travelled to Bari, his seat. He was defeated near Taranto by Drogo of Hauteville, the brother of the  Norman count of Apulia. He returned to Bari whence he was met by the new catepan John Raphael.

County of Apulia and Calabria
The County of Apulia and Calabria (Latin: Comitatus Apuliae et Calabriae), later the Duchy of Apulia and Calabria (Latin: Ducatus Apuliae et Calabriae), was a Norman state founded by William of Hauteville in 1043, composed of the territories of Gargano, Capitanata, Apulia, Vulture, and most of Campania. It became a duchy when Robert Guiscard was raised to the rank of duke by Pope Nicholas II in 1059.

The duchy was disestablished in 1130, when the last duke of Apulia and Calabria, Roger II, became King of Sicily. The title of duke was thereafter used intermittently as a title for the heir apparent to the Kingdom of Sicily.
Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Paota, Jaipur
Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalya (JNV), Jaipur (जवाहर नवोदय विद्यालय, जयपुर) is a Central Board for Secondary Education affiliated school in the district of Jaipur, in the Jaipur region of Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti. It is located near Kotputali on NH 8 Paota (Jaipur-Delhi Highway), 75 Kms from Jaipur.

Central Board of Secondary Education
The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) is a national-level board of education in India for public and private schools, controlled and managed by the Government of India. Established in 1929 by a government resolution, the Board was an experiment in inter-state integration and cooperation in the sphere of secondary education. There are more than 27,000 schools in India and 240 schools in 28 foreign countries affiliated with the CBSE. All schools affiliated with CBSE follow the NCERT curriculum, especially those in classes 9 to 12. The current Chairperson of CBSE is Rahul Singh, IAS.

The constitution of the Board was amended in 1952 to give its present name, the Central Board of Secondary Education. The Board was reconstituted on 1 July 1962 to make its services available to students and various educational institutions across the country.
Italy national bobsleigh team
Italy national bobsleigh team is the selection that represents Italy in international bobsleigh competitions.

The Italian bobsleigh's body is traditionally painted with the rosso corsa, the international auto racing colour informally assigned to Italy.

Eugenio Monti
Eugenio Monti (23 January 1928 – 1 December 2003) was an Italian bobsledder and alpine skier. He is one of the most successful athletes in the history of the bobsleigh, with ten World championship medals (of which nine gold) and 6 Olympic medals including two golds. He is known also for his acts of sportsmanship during the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria, which made him the first athlete ever to receive the Pierre de Coubertin World Trophy.
Airborne Tactical Advantage Company
Airborne Tactical Advantage Company (ATAC), is a government contractor based in Newport News, Virginia, United States. It operates Dassault Mirage F1, Mk-58 Hawker Hunter, Israeli F-21 Kfir, Douglas A-4 Skyhawk, and Aero L-39 Albatros military aircraft in tactical flight training roles for the United States Navy, United States Air Force, and Air National Guard.

Its main air operations base is at Naval Air Station Point Mugu, California. It sends aircraft as far away as Naval Air Facility Atsugi in Japan.

ATAC was acquired by Textron in 2016 and continues to operate as a subsidiary.

Naval Air Station Point Mugu
Naval Air Station Point Mugu was a United States naval air station near Oxnard, California, which operated as an independent base from 1941 to 2000, when it merged with nearby Naval Construction Battalion Center Port Hueneme to form Naval Base Ventura County.
Sittichai Suwonprateep
Sittichai Suwonprateep (born November 17, 1980, in Samut Prakan) is a track and field sprint athlete who competes internationally for Thailand and is a naval officer with the Royal Thai Navy.

Suwonprateep represented Thailand at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. He competed at the 4 × 100 metres relay together with Siriroj Darasuriyong, Sompote Suwannarangsri and Apinan Sukaphai. In their qualification heat they placed fifth in a time of 39.40 seconds and they were eliminated.

Royal Thai Navy
The Royal Thai Navy (Abrv: RTN, ทร.; Thai: กองทัพเรือไทย, RTGS: kong thap ruea thai) is the naval warfare force of Thailand. Established in 1906, it was modernised by the Admiral Prince Abhakara Kiartiwongse (1880–1923) who is known as the father of the Royal Navy. It has a structure that includes the naval fleet, Royal Thai Marine Corps, and Air and Coastal Defence Command. The RTN headquarters is at Sattahip Naval Base.

The navy operates three naval area commands (NAC): Northern Gulf of Thailand (First NAC); Southern Gulf of Thailand (Second NAC); and the Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean) (Third NAC). RTN also has two air wings and one flying unit on its aircraft carrier.
Opglabbeek
Opglabbeek (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɔpˌxlɑbeːk]; Limburgish: Glabbek) is a village, former municipality located in the Belgian province of Limburg. In 2018, Opglabbeek had a total population of 10,332. The total area is 24.98 km2.

The municipality consisted of the following communities:  Opglabbeek proper, Nieuwe Kempen, and Louwel.

Effective 1 January 2019, Opglabbeek and Meeuwen-Gruitrode were merged into the new municipality of Oudsbergen.

Limburgish
Limburgish (Limburgs [ˈlɪm˦bʏʀ(ə)xs] or Lèmburgs [ˈlɛm˦-]; Dutch: Limburgs [ˈlɪmbʏr(ə)xs]; also Limburgian, Limburgic or Limburgan) is the collective designation for a group of closely related language varieties spoken in most of Belgian and Dutch Limburg and in the adjacent areas of North Rhine-Westphalia.

The Limburgish dialects lack a standardized form and instead comprise multiple varieties, each with its own distinctive features. A characteristic feature of many dialects of Limburgish is the occurrence of a lexical pitch accent (Franconian tone accent), which these dialects adopted from and share with the adjacent Central Franconian dialects of German.

In the Netherlands, Limburgish has been officially recognized as a regional language by the Dutch government since 1997. In Belgium and Germany, Limburgish dialects have no formal legal status.
Cirsium kamtschaticum
Cirsium kamtschaticum, the Kamchatka thistle, is an Alaskan and East Asian species of plants in the tribe Cardueae within the family Asteraceae.  The species is found in eastern Russia (Kamchatka Peninsula, Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands), and on certain islands of the North Pacific: the Aleutian Islands of Alaska and Hokkaido Island in northern Japan.

Cirsium kamtschaticum is a biennial or perennial herb up to 200 cm (80 inches) tall, with a thick underground rhizome. Leaves are up to 40 cm (16 inches) long with thin, bristly spines along the edges. There are a few flower heads, each head with pink or purple disc florets but no ray florets. It grows in meadows and tundra.

Kamchatka Peninsula
The Kamchatka Peninsula (Russian: полуо́стров Камча́тка, romanized: poluóstrov Kamchátka, pronounced [pəlʊˈostrəf kɐmˈt͡ɕætkə], Ainu: Cupka) is a 1,250-kilometre-long (777 mi) peninsula in the Russian Far East, with an area of about 270,000 km2 (100,000 sq mi). The Sea of Okhotsk bounds the peninsula's western coastline, immediately offshore of the peninsula and below the Bering Sea runs the 9,600-metre-deep (31,496 ft) Kuril–Kamchatka Trench. Its eastern coastline is the Bering Sea, part of the Pacific Ocean.

The Kamchatka Peninsula, the Commander Islands, and Karaginsky Island constitute Kamchatka Krai of the Russian Federation. The majority of the 322,079 inhabitants are ethnic Russians, with about 13,000 being Koryaks (2014). More than half of the population lives in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (179,526 in 2010) and nearby Yelizovo (38,980). The Kamchatka Peninsula contains the volcanoes of Kamchatka, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, that form part of the Ring of Fire.
Mammola
Mammola is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Reggio Calabria.

Mammola borders the following municipalities: Agnana Calabra, Canolo, Cinquefrondi, Galatro, Giffone, Grotteria, San Giorgio Morgeto, Siderno.

Siderno
Siderno (Calabrian: Sidernu or Siderni; Greek: Σιδέρνο, romanized: Sidérno) is a town and comune  in  the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria, Calabria, southern Italy, about 3 kilometres from Locri.

Siderno Marina is the newer town located on the Ionian coast. It is a destination for both Italian and foreign tourists and has a bathing beach.

Siderno Superiore is the old town, higher up on the flank of the coastal mountain range. It has historic palaces, old buildings and very narrow streets. Its population has largely relocated to the Marina which offers more job opportunities and services.
County of Runkel
Runkel was a German county that existed for about 300 years during the Middle Ages. It held a territory extending from the Lahn river at the town of Runkel northwards past Schupbach. To the south of this territory was the County of Limburg (which passed to the Archbishopric of Trier in the early 15th century), the County of Hadamar to the northwest, and the County of Weilburg to the west (both of which belonged to the Counts and Dukes of Nassau). Also part of the County was an exclave located to the east of Villmar. It was bordered by the County of Limburg to the south and west, and Weilburg to the northeast.

Runkel became a County in 1219. It was inherited by the Counts of Wied in 1521.  With the partition of that County in 1698, it passed to the Counts of Wied-Runkel.  Wied-Runkel was mediatised to the Dukes of Nassau-Weilburg in 1806.

County of Wied
The County of Wied (German pronunciation: [viːt] ⓘ) was a territory of the Holy Roman Empire located on the river Wied where it meets the Rhine. Wied emerged as a County earlier than many other German states. From 1243–1462, Wied was united with an Isenburgian County as Isenburg-Wied. Wied was partitioned twice: between itself and Wied-Dierdorf in 1631, and between Wied-Neuwied and Wied-Runkel in 1698. The county was incorporated into the Duchy of Nassau in 1806 and into the Kingdom of Prussia at the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Since 1946, its territory has been part of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.  Via William of Albania, the House of Wied ruled the Principality of Albania in 1914.
Jean Marie Despiau
Jean Marie Despiau (?–1824), also spelled Jean-Marie Despiaux (J. M. Despiaux for short), was a French physician, later a mandarin of Nguyễn dynasty, Vietnam.

Born in Bazas, Gironde. He arrived in Cochinchina from Macau in 1795. He became the personal physician of Nguyễn Ánh (later Emperor Gia Long).: 105  Later, he served as an imperial physician of Nguyễn dynasty from 1802 until he died in 1824.

Dr. Despiau was trusted by Gia Long. In 1802, Gia Long took his advice about organising medical assistance to the indigenous people, and established provincial physicians throughout Vietnam for the sick, the elderly, the incurable, the infirm, and the indigent. He was described "enjoyed no political influence at all". After the accession of Minh Mạng to the throne, he remained in the new emperor's favor. In 1820, he was dispatched to Macau for smallpox vaccine.

Gironde
Gironde (/ʒɪˈrɒnd/ zhih-ROND, US usually /dʒɪˈ-/ jih-; French: [ʒiʁɔ̃d] ⓘ; Occitan: Gironda, pronounced [dʒiˈɾundɔ]) is the largest department in the southwestern French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Named after the Gironde estuary, a major waterway, its prefecture is Bordeaux. In 2019, it had a population of 1,623,749. The famous Bordeaux wine region is in Gironde. It has six arrondissements, making it one of the departments with the most arrondissements (Nord also has six, while Pas-de-Calais has the most of any department, with seven).
Lakshmi Chandralamba Parameshwari
Chandralamba Parameshwari (Kannada: ಚಂದ್ರಳಂಬ ಪರಮೇಶ್ವರಿ), also known as Sri Lakshmi Chandrala Parmeshwari or Chandrala Parmeshwari, is a revered Hindu goddess who is primarily worshipped as an incarnation of the goddess Lakshmi. She is particularly significant in the state of Karnataka, India, and is also considered a family deity (kuladevi) by many Hindu families in the neighboring states of Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh. The goddess is essentily Lakshmi holding a Shankha and Chakra.

Sudarshana Chakra
The Sudarshana Chakra (Sanskrit: सुदर्शनचक्र, IAST: Sudarśanacakra) is a divine discus, attributed to the god Vishnu in the Hindu scriptures. The Sudarshana Chakra is generally portrayed on the right rear hand of the four hands of Vishnu, who also holds the Panchajanya (conch), the Kaumodaki (mace), and the Padma (lotus).

In the Rigveda, the Sudarshana Chakra is stated to be Vishnu's symbol as the wheel of time. The discus later emerged as an ayudhapurusha (an anthropomorphic form), as a fierce form of Vishnu, used for the destruction of demons. As an ayudhapurusha, the deity is known as Chakraperumal, Chakratalvar, Chakradhara, or Chakrapani.