hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nowy Dwór, Radziejów County
Nowy Dwór [ˈnɔvɨ ˈdvur] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bytoń, within Radziejów County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.

The village has an approximate population of 250.

Radziejów County
Radziejów County (Polish: powiat radziejowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Radziejów, which lies 45 km (28 mi) south of Toruń and 64 km (40 mi) south-east of Bydgoszcz. The only other town in the county is Piotrków Kujawski, lying 10 km (6 mi) south of Radziejów.

The county covers an area of 607 square kilometres (234.4 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 40,546, out of which the population of Radziejów is 5,578, that of Piotrków Kujawski is 4,456, and the rural population is 30,512.
Tailscale
Tailscale Inc. is a software company based in Toronto, Ontario. Tailscale develops a partially open-source software-defined mesh virtual private network (VPN) and a web-based management service. The company provides a zero config VPN as a service under the same name.

Venture round
A venture round is a type of funding round used for venture capital financing, by which startup companies obtain investment, generally from venture capitalists and other institutional investors. The availability of venture funding is among the primary stimuli for the development of new companies and technologies.
William James O'Leary
William James O'Leary (born 28 October 1865 at Tuapeka).

He was a bushman, and spent many years looking for gold in the Arawata River area, and never struck it rich, dying in 1947. Together with his mare Dolly, he wandered around the Westland for decades looking for gold.

In 1953 poet Denis Glover wrote Arawata Bill immortalizing him as the solitary New Zealand prospector.

O'Leary's Paddock is a street in Queenstown named after him.

Prospecting
Prospecting is the first stage of the geological analysis (followed by exploration) of a territory. It is the search for minerals, fossils, precious metals, or mineral specimens. It is also known as fossicking.

Traditionally prospecting relied on direct observation of mineralization in rock outcrops or in sediments. Modern prospecting also includes the use of geologic, geophysical, and geochemical tools to search for anomalies which can narrow the search area. Once an anomaly has been identified and interpreted to be a potential prospect direct observation can then be focused on this area.

In some areas a prospector must also stake a claim, meaning they must erect posts with the appropriate placards on all four corners of a desired land they wish to prospect and register this claim before they may take samples. In other areas publicly held lands are open to prospecting without staking a mining claim.
Bastetani
The Bastetani or Bastuli were an ancient Iberian (pre-Roman) people of the Iberian Peninsula (the Roman Hispania). They are believed to have spoken the Iberian language. The relationship between the Iberian Bastetani and the Tartessian Mastieni (who lived in Mastia, on the southeastern coast of the peninsula) is not entirely clear.

Their territory Bastetania  extended through the southeastern Iberian Peninsula, which currently encompasses southern Albacete, Almería, Granada, eastern Málaga, southeastern Jaén and western Murcia. Their main towns were located between Baria (present-day Villaricos) and Bailo (Cádiz), also including Malaka, Abdera, Sexi and Carteia. Their capital was probably the city known as Basti by the Romans, which corresponds to present-day Baza. The Lady of Baza, a famous Bastetani sculpture, was recovered from the necropolis of Basti in 1971.

Province of Almería
Almería (/ˌælməˈriːə/, also US: /ˌɑːl-/; Spanish: [almeˈɾi.a]) is a province of the autonomous community of Andalusia in Spain. It is bordered by the provinces of Granada, Murcia, and the Mediterranean Sea. Its capital is the homonymous city of Almería.

The province has an area of 8,773.06 km2 (3,387.30 sq mi), and a population of 760,964 across its 103 municipalities.
2022 Kashmir Premier League (Pakistan) squads
This is a list of the squads of the seven franchise teams which will compete in the 2022 Kashmir Premier League, a 20-over cricket league. The draft took place on 21 July 2022 in Islamabad. The tournament will be held in Muzaffarabad.

Muzaffarabad Cricket Stadium
The Muzaffarabad Cricket Stadium (a.k.a. Narol Cricket Stadium; Urdu: مظفر آباد کرکٹ اسٹیڈیم or MCS) is a cricket stadium in Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir. The stadium is situated near Azad Jammu Kashmir Medical College. It has hosted all the matches of the Kashmir Premier League so far.

Previously, the venue has been used as a hospital during earthquakes.
Carmen C. Velasquez
Carmen Camacho Velasquez (August 7, 1913 – October 16, 1994) was a Filipino parasitologist. She specialized in parasites of the tropical fish of the Philippines. She is known for her work on the taxonomy of Digenea and was the first to describe the parasitic nematode Capillaria philippinensis, which causes intestinal capillariasis in humans.

Velasquez discovered 32 new species and a genus of digenetic trematodes. She was named a National Scientist of the Philippines in 1983.

Fish diseases and parasites
Like humans and other animals, fish suffer from diseases and parasites. Fish defences against disease are specific and non-specific. Non-specific defences include skin and scales, as well as the mucus layer secreted by the epidermis that traps microorganisms and inhibits their growth. If pathogens breach these defences, fish can develop inflammatory responses that increase the flow of blood to infected areas and deliver white blood cells that attempt to destroy the pathogens.

Specific defences are specialised responses to particular pathogens recognised by the fish's body, that is adaptative immune responses. In recent years, vaccines have become widely used in aquaculture and ornamental fish, for example vaccines for commercial food fishes like Aeromonas salmonicida, furunculosis in salmon and Lactococcosis\Streptococcosis  in farmed grey mullet, Tilapia and koi herpes virus in koi.

Some commercially important fish diseases are VHS, ICH, and whirling disease.
Kristin Boggs
Kristin S. Boggs is an American politician and judge. A member of the Democratic Party, She served as the state representative for the 18th District of the Ohio House of Representatives from 2016 to 2023. The district includes portions of Columbus including the German Village, Italian Village, Victorian Village, the Short North, Franklinton, Downtown Columbus and Ohio State University, as well as Bexley and Grandview Heights in Franklin County.

In 2023, she began serving as a judge on the 10th district of the Ohio Court of Appeals.

Bexley, Ohio
Bexley is a city in Franklin County, Ohio, United States. The population was 13,928 at the 2020 census. The city is a suburban enclave of Columbus, situated on the banks of Alum Creek east of Columbus's Near East Side. It was founded in 1908 as a merger between the Bullitt Park neighborhood and Pleasant Ridge community, which met at the National Road (Main Street) which bisects the city.

Capital University and Trinity Lutheran Seminary are based in Bexley. The city is home to large estates, including the Ohio Governor's Mansion, the Jeffrey Park Mansion (a.k.a. "Kelveden"), and the home of the president of Ohio State University.
Battaristis unistrigella
Battaristis unistrigella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by August Busck in 1914. It is found in Panama.

The wingspan is about 8 mm. Adults are similar to Battaristis bistrigella, but somewhat darker and more greenish in colour. The costal spots are nearly contiguous, the first one smaller than in B. bistrigella and the second and third separated only by a thin, white streak. There is only one white streaklet on the costal margin beyond the fascia and the longitudinal, black streak at the angle of the fascia is surrounded by white scales contiguous with the fascia. There are two, elongate, black streaks at the end of the cell and the cell and dorsal part are not mottled.

August Busck
Augustus Busck (February 18, 1870 in Randers, Denmark – March 7, 1944) was a Danish-American entomologist with the United States Department of Agriculture's Bureau of Entomology, stationed in the U.S. National Museum. He is best known for his work with microlepidoptera, of which he described over 600 species. His collections of Lepidoptera from North America and the Panama Canal Zone are held by the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.
50th Legislature of the Chamber of Representatives of Uruguay
The Fifty Legislature of the Chamber of Representatives of Uruguay is the current meeting of the lower house of the Uruguayan General Assembly. It convened in Montevideo on February 15, 2025, during the last weeks of Luis Lacalle Pou's presidency and will remain in session throughout the five-year term of Yamandú Orsi's presidency.

Deputies were elected in the 2024 general election by department, for a five-year term by proportional representation with at least two members per department. The opposition Republican Coalition have a simple majority of 49 seats, compared to 48 for the ruling Broad Front and 2 for Sovereign Identity, which is not part of either of the two blocs.

General Assembly of Uruguay
The General Assembly of Uruguay (Spanish: Asamblea General de Uruguay) is the bicameral legislature of the government of Uruguay,  and consists of two chambers: the Chamber of Senators and the Chamber of Representatives. General Assembly has 130 voting members: 99 representatives and 30 senators, the Vice President of the Republic, who serves as President of the General Assembly, and the Senate has the right to vote. The legislature meets in the Legislative Palace in Montevideo. Both senators and representatives are chosen through proportional representation for five-year terms.

The General Assembly holds its sessions in the Chamber of Representatives of the Legislative Palace. During the 19th century, the legislature met in the Montevideo Cabildo.
Wheeldon
Wheeldon is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alice Wheeldon (1866–1919), British political activist

Christopher Wheeldon (born 1973), British choreographer

Dan Wheeldon (born 1989), English cricketer

David Wheeldon (born 1989), English cricketer

Gavin Wheeldon (born 1976), British businessman

Hettie Wheeldon (1891–1920), British socialist, school teacher and antiwar campaigner

Jay Wheeldon (born 1988), English footballer

John Wheeldon (1929–2006), Australian politician

Philip William Wheeldon OBE (1913–1992), Anglican bishop

Scott Wheeldon (born 1986), British rugby player

Simon Wheeldon (born 1966), Canadian ice hockey player

Tommy Wheeldon Jr. (born 1979), English football coach

William Wheeldon (1898–1960), British co-operator, municipal politician and M.P.

Simon Wheeldon
Simon Wheeldon (born August 30, 1966) is a Canadian-born Austrian former professional ice hockey player. He played 15 games in the National Hockey League for the New York Rangers and Winnipeg Jets from 1988 to 1990. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1985 to 2004, was mainly spent in the Austrian Hockey League. Born in Canada Wheeldon represented Austria in international tournaments, including the 1998 and 2002 Winter Olympics.
Lawrence G. Bernard
Lawrence George Bernard (February 9, 1914 – March 29, 1997), was a submarine commander during World War II who reached the rank of rear admiral in the United States Navy. Ensign Bernard graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1937. In 1939 he was instructed in submarine warfare at New London, and in February 1940 was assigned to the USS S-39 (SS-144) as the boat's communication officer and later as the executive officer. Bernard was awarded the Silver Star and the Bronze Star Medal for his actions in these positions. In May 1944, Lieutenant Commander Bernard took command of the USS R-2 (SS-79), which was attached to the Fleet Sonar School in Key West, Florida. In July 1945 Bernard was promoted to the rank of commander and took command of the USS Stickleback (SS-415) in October of that year.
Admiral Bernard took command of the search for USS Scorpion (SSN-589) on May 29, after she went missing May 22, 1968.

USS S-39
USS S-39 (SS-144) was a United States Navy S-class submarine that saw combat in the Pacific Theater during World War II. She was accidentally run aground on her fifth war patrol and was subsequently abandoned.
Happisburgh Lifeboat Station
Happisburgh Lifeboat Station (/ˈheɪzbʌrə/ ⓘ HAYZ-burr-ə) is located at Cart Gap, just over 1 mile (1.6 km) to the south of Happisburgh, a village approximately 18 miles (29 km) north-east of Norwich, on the east coast of Norfolk.

A lifeboat station was formally established at Happisburgh by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) in 1866.

The station currently operates a D-class (IB1) Inshore lifeboat, Russell Pickering (D-813), on station since 2017.

NB: In most historic RNLI documentation, the station is referred to as Hasborough.

Shadwell
Shadwell is an area in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets in East London, England. It also forms part of the city's East End. Shadwell is on the north bank of the River Thames between Wapping (to the west) and Ratcliff and Limehouse (to the east) and is 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Charing Cross. This riverside location has meant the area's history and character have been shaped by the maritime trades.

Historically a hamlet of the Manor and Ancient Parish of Stepney, it became a parish in its own right in 1670. the area of the Hamlet and Parish included areas south of Cable Street including Shadwell Basin and the King Edward Memorial Park.
Mönsterås
Mönsterås (Swedish pronunciation: [mœnstɛrˈoːs]) is a locality and the seat of Mönsterås Municipality, Kalmar County, Sweden, with 6,352 inhabitants in 2012.

Mönsterås is associated with the Swedish poet Carl Boberg, particularly his 1885 writing of the lyrics for the eminent hymn "O Store Gud" (or "How Great Thou Art" by its common English title).

Urban areas in Sweden
An urban area or tätort (lit. 'dense locality') in Sweden has a minimum of 200 inhabitants and may be a city, town or larger village. It is a purely statistical concept, not defined by any municipal or county boundaries. Larger urban areas synonymous with cities or towns (Swedish: stad for both terms) for statistical purposes have a minimum of 10,000 inhabitants. The same statistical definition is also used for urban areas in the other Nordic countries.

In 2018, there were nearly two thousand urban areas in Sweden, which were inhabited by 87% of the Swedish population.

Urban area is a common English translation of the Swedish term tätort. The official term in English used by Statistics Sweden is, however, "locality" (Swedish: ort). It could be compared with "census-designated places" in the United States.
St. Sebastian (Mannheim)
St. Sebastian is the oldest Catholic parish church in the city of Mannheim and one of the three churches of the Mannheim city pastoral unit in the city center. In Electoral Palatine times it was used by the Elector as a court church and received a magnificent interior by artists such as Bibiena, Verschaffelt and Egell. The furnishings were impaired by remodeling in the 19th century and damaged during World War II. Together with the Old Town Hall, St. Sebastian's Church forms a Baroque double building erected at the beginning of the 18th century, which is the oldest preserved structure in the city.

Peter Anton von Verschaffelt
Peter Anton von Verschaffelt (8 May 1710 – 5 July 1793) was a Flemish sculptor and architect.

Verschaffelt designed, among other things in Mannheim, the high altar of the Jesuit church (Jesuitenkirche), the arsenal and the Bretzenheim Palace, as well as the church Wallfahrtskirche Mariä Himmelfahrt in Oggersheim (now part of Ludwigshafen).
Caitlin Kalinowski
Caitlin Kalinowski is an American product designer and mechanical engineer. Since 2024, she leads the robotics and consumer hardware initiatives at OpenAI. Prior to that, she was the head of hardware at virtual reality technology company Oculus VR.

Reality Labs
Reality Labs, formerly Oculus VR, is a business and research unit of Meta Platforms (formerly Facebook Inc.) that produces virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) hardware and software, including virtual reality headsets such as the Quest, and online platforms such as Horizon Worlds. In June 2022, several artificial intelligence (AI) initiatives that were previously a part of Meta AI were transitioned to Reality Labs. This also includes Meta's fundamental AI Research laboratory FAIR which is now part of the Reality Labs - Research (RLR) division.

The Reality Labs unit is the result of the merger of several initiatives under Meta Platforms and the incorporation of several acquired companies. This includes CTRL-Labs founded by Thomas Reardon which develops non-invasive neural interface technology as well as Oculus, a company that was founded in 2012 by Palmer Luckey, Brendan Iribe, Michael Antonov and Nate Mitchell to develop a VR headset for video gaming.
Altaf Fatima
Altaf Fatima (Urdu: الطاف فاطمہ; 10 June 1927 – 29 November 2018) was a Pakistani Urdu novelist, short story writer, and teacher (specializing in Muhammad Iqbal). Altaf Fatima was born in Lucknow, she moved to Lahore during the Partition, and earned her MA and BEd from the University of Punjab. Her novel Dastak Na Do ("Don't Knock!") is regarded as one of the defining works in the Urdu language. An adaptation was presented on Pakistan Television and an abridged translation was serialised by the Karachi monthly, The Herald. In 2018, Fatima received the KLF Urdu Literature award at the 9th Karachi Literature Festival for her book, Deed Wadeed. She died on 29 November 2018.

Herald (Pakistan)
The Herald was a politics and current affairs monthly magazine published by the Dawn Media Group in Karachi, Pakistan, from 1970 to 2019. The Herald was responsible for producing many large and breaking stories since its inception.

It was renamed from The Illustrated Weekly of Pakistan in January 1970, which was published from 1948–1969.

It was Pakistan's most widely read monthly magazine, providing in-depth analyses, investigative reporting and extensive coverage of current affairs. The magazine enjoyed a wide circulation abroad, particularly among academics and Pakistani expatriate communities in the Middle East, United Kingdom and North America.

The "indomitable Razia Bhatti" was the magazine's first editor.

During General Zia’s military dictatorship's tough press censorship, the magazine "maintained its independence with an unusual weapon — the blank space."

It stopped publication after its July 2019 issue, 20 issues short of 600, after nearly 50 years of publication.
Abbey of St Caesarius, Arles
The Abbey of St Caesarius (French: Abbaye Saint-Césaire; Occitan: Abadia de Sant Cèsari), at first called the abbey or monastery of St John (French: monastère Saint-Jean; Occitan: monastèr de Sant Joan), was a nunnery in the city of Arles in the south-eastern corner of the rampart. It was founded in 512 AD by Saint Caesarius of Arles, after whom it is now named. The abbey was suppressed in the French Revolution. Those that remained of the buildings were later used as a hospice; they are now abandoned.

Camargue
The Camargue (/kæˈmɑːrɡ/, also UK: /kəˈ-/, US: /kɑːˈ-/, French: [kamaʁɡ]; Provençal: Camarga) is a coastal region in southern France located south of the city of Arles, between the Mediterranean Sea and the two arms of the Rhône river delta. The eastern arm is called the Grand Rhône; the western is the Petit Rhône.

Administratively, it lies within the department of Bouches-du-Rhône (‘Mouths of the Rhône’); it spans portions of the communes of Arles, Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer and Port-Saint-Louis-du-Rhône. A further expanse of marshy plain, known as the "Petite Camargue" (Little Camargue; Occitan: Pichon Camarga), just to the west of the "Petit Rhône", lies within the department of Gard.

The Camargue was designated a Ramsar site as a "Wetland of International Importance" on 1 December 1986. The Petite Camargue received this designation on 8 January 1996.
Ern Elliott
Ernest George "Puffer" Elliott (3 January 1900 – 17 November 1980) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Elliott was a half back flanker in Fitzroy's 1922 VFL premiership winning side. He also played in the 1923 VFL Grand Final, but this time finished on the losing team.

An eight time VFL representative, he made appearances at the 1924 Hobart Carnival.

Elliott coached the Wangaratta Football Club in the Ovens & Murray Football League in 1928 and he later played with Camberwell in the Victorian Football Association (VFA).

Wangaratta Football Club
The Wangaratta Magpies Football Club, officially known as the Wangaratta Magpies Football & Netball Club, is an Australian rules football club, which first played in the Ovens and Murray Football League in 1893 and is based in Wangaratta, Victoria at the Wangaratta Showgrounds and play on the Norm Minns Oval.
1949 Concord state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Concord on 12 March 1949 because of the death of Bill Carlton (Labor).

The Cobar by-election was held on the same day.

Electoral district of Concord
Concord was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Australian state of New South Wales, created in 1930, and named after and including the Sydney suburb of Concord. It was abolished in 1968.
Portuguese Heritage Society
The Portuguese Heritage Society, also known as Lusitano, is a national not-for-profit organization based in Mineola, New York, founded in 1995.  Its members and volunteers support, spread, and enrich Portuguese culture for those living in the United States.  P.H.S. Lusitano is primarily active in Long Island, Newark, and other Portuguese-populated locales in the Tri-State area.

Portuguese-American neighborhoods
In the late 19th century, many Portuguese, mainly from the islands of Azores and Madeira, migrated to the United States and established communities in cities such as Fall River, Massachusetts, New Bedford, Massachusetts; and San Jose, California. Many of them also moved to Hawaii. There are an estimated 1,500,000 Portuguese Americans based on the Government Census Community Survey.
Louisa Siefert
Louisa Siefert (1845 – October 1877) was a best-selling 19th century French poet.

The daughter of Henry Siefert, vice-consul to Portugal, and Adele-Adrienne Belz, she was born and grew up in Lyon. Her first book of poems Rayons perdus was published in December 1868; the first edition sold out quickly and two more editions appeared by April 1869. She wrote a literary column for the Journal de Lyon. In 1876, she married Jocelyn Pene, Emilio Castelar's secretary. Siefert suffered from migraines and severe arthritis during her short life and died of tuberculosis in Pau at the age of 32.

Her work was included in the second volume of Le Parnasse contemporain. Her poetry was viewed favorably by Rimbaud. In Un poète oublié, Lucien Scheler described Siefert's life as "une vie illuminé par la beauté du verbe" (a life illuminated by the beauty of the verb).

Emilio Castelar
Emilio Castelar y Ripoll (7 September 1832 – 25 May 1899) was a Spanish republican politician, and a president of the First Spanish Republic.

Castelar was born in Cádiz. He was an eloquent orator and a writer. Appointed as Head of State in 1873 in the midst of the Third Carlist War and having been given full powers by the Parliament, he ruled by decree. He left office after a coup led by General Pavía the following year.

He wrote a history of the Republican Movement in Europe among other works of political interest.