hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2015 Blu-Express.com Tennis Cup
The 2015 Blu-Express.com Tennis Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 1st edition of the tournament which was part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Perugia, Italy between 15 and 22 June 2015.

James Cerretani
Jamie Cerretani, (born October 2, 1981) is an American professional tennis player. A doubles specialist, he won four ATP World Tour titles in his career. He reached his career-high doubles ranking of World No. 45 on July 21, 2008.

Cerretani attended Brown University, where he earned Ivy League Rookie of the Year honors in 2001 and graduated from Brown in 2004 with a degree in International Relations and Business Economics.
General of the artillery
General of the Artillery is/was a general officer of artillery, and may be:

General of the Artillery (Germany) and Austria-Hungary

General of the Artillery (Imperial Russia)

General of the Artillery (Poland)

Feldzeugmeister (OF-8) of the Austria-Hungarian armed forces 1868-1918

General of the Artillery (Russian Empire)
In the Imperial Russian army, General of the Artillery was the second-highest possible rank, below Generalissimo of Russia or General-Fieldmarshal, produced by splitting General-in-Chief into service branches.  The rank derived from that of Feldzeugmeister (literally: "field equipment master") used in German-speaking armies and was introduced into Russia by Peter the Great in 1699.  The first holder of the rank was the Georgian prince Alexander of Imereti.
Johanna Bonne-Wepster
Johanna Bonne-Wepster (The Hague, June 13, 1892 – Amstelveen, May 4, 1978) was a Dutch entomologist who researched disease-transmitting mosquitoes and collected and identified a large collection of mosquitoes over her long career.

University of Indonesia
The University of Indonesia (UI; Indonesian: Universitas Indonesia) is a public university in Depok, West Java and Salemba, Jakarta, Indonesia. It is one of the oldest tertiary-level educational institutions in Indonesia (known as the Dutch East Indies when UI was established), and is generally considered one of the most prestigious universities in Indonesia, along with the Gadjah Mada University and Bandung Institute of Technology. In the 2024 QS World Universities Ranking, UI is ranked 1st in Indonesia, 49th in Asia and 237th in the world.
Bahudari
Bahudari (pronounced bahudhāri) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a derived scale (janya rāgam), as it does not have all the seven swaras (musical notes), derived from the 28th Melakarta raga Harikambhoji.

Harikambhoji
Harikambhoji (pronounced harikāmbhōji) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 28th Melakarta rāgam (parent scale) in the 72 melakarta rāgam system.

One of the first scales employed by the ancient Tamils (3rd century BCE) was the Mullaipann, a pentatonic scale composed of the notes sa ri ga pa da, equivalent to C, D, E, G and A in the western notations. These fully harmonic scales, constitutes the raga Mohanam in the Carnatic music style. Mullaipann further evolved into Sempaalai, a scale based on seven notes by the addition of two more notes, ma and ni to the pentatonic scale. Sempaalai pann corresponds to the Carnatic raga Harikambhoji.

Khamaj thaat of Hindustani Music is the equivalent to this rāgam. It is known as Harikedāragowla in the Muthuswami Dikshitar school of music.

In Western music, Mixolydian mode is this raga's equivalent.
Engela
Engela is an Ovambo settlement in the Ohangwena Region in northern Namibia. Formerly situated in the Oukwanyama area it is since 2004 part of the town Helao Nafidi, although it still maintained its own village council until the 2015 local authority election. It is one of the more important establishments of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia (ELCIN) in the area. It started as a mission station of the Finnish Missionary Society. Today, it is the centre of the Engela Constituency.

Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Mission
The Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Mission (FELM, formerly The Finnish Missionary Society; Finnish: Suomen Lähetysseura ry; Swedish: Finska Missionssällskapet rf) is a Lutheran missionary society formed on January 19, 1859, in Helsinki, Finland. It is one of seven organisations of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland (ELCF) that conduct missionary work. Its first deployments outside Finland were made to Ovamboland, an area that today is cut by the Angola-Namibian border.
99 Cent II Diptychon
99 Cent II Diptychon is a two-part colour photograph made by Andreas Gursky in 2001. It was based on an original photograph called 99 Cent, from 1999, sometimes called "99 cent.1999".

The work depicts a view of the interior of a 99 Cents Only Store in Los Angeles, with numerous aisles depicting goods. It was digitally altered to reduce perspective. The photograph is a chromogenic color print or c-print. It is a diptych. There were 6 sets made and mounted on an acrylic sheet. The photographs have a size of 2.07 by 3.37 metres (6.8 ft × 11.1 ft).

Diptych
A diptych (/ˈdɪptɪk/, DIP-tick) is any object with two flat plates which form a pair, often attached by a hinge. For example, the standard notebook and school exercise book of the ancient world was a diptych consisting of a pair of such plates that contained a recessed space filled with wax. Writing was accomplished by scratching the wax surface with a stylus. When the notes were no longer needed, the wax could be slightly heated and then smoothed to allow reuse. Ordinary versions had wooden frames, but more luxurious diptychs were crafted with more expensive materials.
2010 Dutch National Track Championships – Women's scratch
The women's scratch at the 2010 Dutch National Track Championships in Apeldoorn took place at Omnisport Apeldoorn on December 30, 2010. 18 athletes participated in the contest.

Winanda Spoor won the gold medal, Roxane Knetemann took silver and Ellen van Dijk won the bronze.

Apeldoorn
Apeldoorn ([ˈaːpəldoːr(ə)n] ⓘ; Dutch Low Saxon: Apeldoorne) is a municipality and city in the province of Gelderland in the centre of the Netherlands. The municipality of Apeldoorn, including the villages of Beekbergen, Loenen, Ugchelen and Hoenderloo, had a population of 165,525 on 1 December 2021. The western half of the municipality lies on the Veluwe ridge, with the eastern half in the IJssel valley.
Royal Gem
Royal Gem (foaled 1942 in Australia) was a versatile Thoroughbred racehorse that won 23 races ranging from 5 furlongs (1,000 metres) to 12 furlongs (2,400 m). He was later a successful sire in the United States.

Stallion
A stallion is an adult male horse that has not been gelded (castrated). Stallions follow the conformation and phenotype of their breed, but within that standard, the presence of hormones such as testosterone may give stallions a thicker, "cresty" neck, as well as a somewhat more muscular physique as compared to female horses, known as mares, and castrated males, called geldings.

Temperament varies widely based on genetics and training, but because of their instincts as herd animals, they may be prone to aggressive behavior, particularly toward other stallions, and thus require careful management by knowledgeable handlers. With proper training and management, stallions are effective equine athletes at the highest levels of many disciplines, including horse racing, horse shows, and international Olympic competition.

"Stallion" is also used to refer to males of other equids, including zebras and donkeys.
Tomonobu Itagaki
Tomonobu Itagaki (板垣 伴信, Itagaki Tomonobu; April 1, 1967 – c. October 2025) was a Japanese video game designer best known for creating the Dead or Alive series and also reviving the Ninja Gaiden franchise in 2004. In 2009, he was chosen by IGN as one of the top 100 game creators of all time.

Joining Tecmo in 1992, Itagaki produced two video game franchises that were critical and commercial successes, earning him several promotions; he headed Tecmo's development team, Team Ninja, and sat on the executive board. He left the company in June 2008 after 16 years of service, filing a lawsuit against its new president for withholding bonus pay. He formed a new company, Valhalla Game Studios, with several Team Ninja members and released Devil's Third. The company was dissolved in December 2021, although he had formed Itagaki Games earlier in 2021. Itagaki died in October 2025 at the age of 58.

Game design
Game design is the process of creating and shaping the mechanics, systems, rules, and gameplay of a game. Game design processes apply to board games, card games, dice games, casino games, role-playing games, sports, war games, or simulation games.

In Elements of Game Design, game designer Robert Zubek defines game design by breaking it down into three elements:

Game mechanics and systems, which are the rules and objects in the game.

Gameplay, which is the interaction between the player and the mechanics and systems. In Chris Crawford on Game Design, the author summarizes gameplay as "what the player does".

Player experience, which is how users feel when they are playing the game.

In academic research, game design falls within the field of game studies (not to be confused with game theory, which studies strategic decision making, primarily in non-game situations).
Chauvenet's criterion
In statistical theory, Chauvenet's criterion (named for William Chauvenet) is a means of assessing whether one piece of experimental data from a set of observations is likely to be spurious – an outlier.

Statistical theory
The theory of statistics provides a basis for the whole range of techniques, in both study design and data analysis, that are used within applications of statistics. The theory covers approaches to statistical-decision problems and to statistical inference, and the actions and deductions that satisfy  the basic principles stated for these different approaches. Within a given approach, statistical theory gives ways of comparing statistical procedures; it can find the  best possible procedure within a given context for given statistical problems, or can provide guidance on the choice between alternative procedures.

Apart from philosophical considerations about how to make statistical inferences and decisions, much of statistical theory consists of mathematical statistics, and is closely linked to probability theory, to utility theory, and to optimization.
Viola pedatifida
Viola pedatifida, known variously as prairie violet, crow-foot violet, larkspur violet, purple prairie violet, and coastal violet, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the Violet family (Violaceae). It is native to Canada and the United States.

Violaceae
Violaceae is a family of flowering plants established in 1802, consisting of about 1000 species in about 25 genera. It takes its name from the genus Viola,  the violets and pansies.

Older classifications such as the Cronquist system placed the Violaceae in an order named after it, the Violales or the Parietales. However, molecular phylogeny studies place the family in the Malpighiales as reflected in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) classification, with 41 other families, where it is situated in the parietal clade of 11 families. Most of the species are found in three large genera, Viola, Rinorea and Hybanthus. The other genera are largely monotypic or oligotypic. The genera are grouped into four clades within the family. The species are largely tropical or subtropical but Viola has a number of species in temperate regions. Many genera have a very restricted distribution.
2016 in basketball
The following are the basketball events of the year 2016  throughout the world.

The following are the basketball events that are expected to take place in 2016 throughout the world.

Tournaments include international (FIBA), professional (club) and amateur and collegiate levels.

Basketball at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Basketball contests at the 1964 Summer Olympics was the sixth appearance of the sport of basketball as an official Olympic medal event. It took place at the Yoyogi National Gymnasium in Tokyo, Japan from October 11 to October 23. The United States defeated the Soviet Union to win their sixth consecutive gold medal at this event, while Brazil earned the bronze against Puerto Rico.
Adenanthos sericeus
Adenanthos sericeus, commonly known as  woolly bush, is a shrub native to the south coast of Western Australia. It has bright red but small and obscure flowers, and very soft, deeply divided, hairy leaves.

South coast of Western Australia
The south coast of Western Australia comprises the Western Australian coastline from Cape Leeuwin to Eucla.  This is a distance of approximately 1,600 kilometres (1,000 mi), fronting the Great Australian Bight and the Southern Ocean.
George P. Putnam
George Palmer Putnam (September 7, 1887 – January 4, 1950) was an American publisher, writer, and explorer. Known for his marriage to (and being the widower of) Amelia Earhart, he also achieved fame as one of the most successful promoters in the United States during the 1930s.

Widow
A widow (female) or widower (male) is a person whose spouse has died and who has not remarried. The male form, "widower", is first attested in the 14th century, by the 19th century supplanting "widow" with reference to men. The adjective for either sex is widowed. These terms are not applied to a divorcé(e) following the death of an ex-spouse.

The state of having lost one's spouse to death is termed widowhood. The term widowhood can be used for either sex, at least according to some dictionaries, but the word widowerhood is also listed in some dictionaries. An archaic term for a widow is "relict", literally "someone left over"; this word can sometimes be found on older gravestones. Occasionally, the word viduity is used.
2019 Premier Volleyball League Collegiate Conference
The 2019 Premier Volleyball League Collegiate Conference was the ninth conference of the Premier Volleyball League and the third and final conference of the 2019 season. The conference started on August 17, 2019, and ended on October 12, 2019, at the Filoil Flying V Centre, San Juan, Metro Manila, Philippines. Defending champions University of the Philippines skipped this conference, while reigning University Athletic Association of the Philippines champion Ateneo de Manila University returned after sitting out the 2018 collegiate conference.

This conference ran simultaneously with the 2019 Open Conference. It was also the last time the Collegiate Conference was held in the PVL. After the league turned pro, collegiate teams instead competed in the relaunched V-League from 2022 onwards.

Premier Volleyball League
The Premier Volleyball League (PVL) is the top-level professional women's volleyball league in the Philippines organized by the Sports Vision Management Group, Inc. The PVL was established in 2004 as the inter-collegiate Shakey's V-League (SVL) until  it rebranded to the current entity in 2017. Prior to becoming a full-fledged professional league in 2021, the PVL was open to participation of corporate owned semi-professional clubs and non-collegiate teams backed by local governments.

The PVL previously operated men's and collegiate divisions before they were spun-off into Spikers' Turf and the V-League, respectively, both are also operated by Sports Vision.

The Creamline Cool Smashers are the most successful team with ten titles, which included the league's only Grand Slam in the 2024 season.
Delia Derbyshire
Delia Ann Derbyshire (5 May 1937 – 3 July 2001) was an English musician and composer of electronic music. She worked with the BBC Radiophonic Workshop during the 1960s, including an electronic arrangement of the theme music to the British science-fiction television series Doctor Who. She has been referred to as "the unsung heroine of British electronic music", having influenced musicians including Aphex Twin, the Chemical Brothers and Paul Hartnoll of Orbital.

The Chemical Brothers
The Chemical Brothers are an English electronic music duo formed by Ed Simons and Tom Rowlands in Manchester in 1992. They were pioneers in bringing the big beat genre to the forefront of pop culture.

Originally known as The Dust Brothers, they changed their name due to the existence of another band with the same name. Their first album Exit Planet Dust sold over one million copies and debuted at No. 9 on the UK Albums Chart. After attracting Virgin Records, the duo achieved further success with their second album Dig Your Own Hole (1997), which topped the UK chart. They have had six No. 1 albums and 13 top-20 singles in the UK, including two chart-toppers. They have won six Grammy Awards, including Best Rock Instrumental Performance, Best Dance Recording, and Best Dance/Electronic Album.
Mike Koplove
Michael Paul Koplove (/ˈkɒpləv/; born August 30, 1976) is an American professional baseball scout and former pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Arizona Diamondbacks and Cleveland Indians.

A sidearm relief pitcher, Koplove threw with a different arm angle than most pitchers. His arm angle was perpendicular to his body, which allowed his fastball to sink and his curveball and slider to stay on the same plane, making it appear to be a fastball. He won a bronze medal with Team USA in the 2008 Olympics.

Curveball
In baseball and softball, the curveball is a type of pitch thrown with a characteristic grip and hand movement that imparts forward spin to the ball, causing it to dive as it approaches the plate. Varieties of curveball include the 12–6 curveball, power curveball, and the knuckle curve. Its close relatives are the slider and the slurve. The "curve" of the ball varies from pitcher to pitcher.
The Tragedy of a Great
The Tragedy of a Great (German: Die Tragödie eines Großen) is a 1920 German silent historical film directed by Arthur Günsburg and starring Carl de Vogt, Sybill Morel, and Wilhelm Diegelmann. It is a biopic of the life of the painter Rembrandt.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Bernhard Schwidewski.

Carl de Vogt
Carl de Vogt (14 September 1885 – 16 February 1970) was a German film actor who starred in four of Fritz Lang's early films. He attended the acting school in Cologne, Germany. Together with acting he was also active as a singer and recorded several discs. His greatest hit was "Der Fremdenlegionär". An extremely successful actor in his early career, he died in relative obscurity in 1970.

In 1919 and 1920, de Vogt starred in director Fritz Lang's two-part Spiders films opposite actresses Lil Dagover and Ressel Orla. In 1932, in the early sound era, he played the Prussian hero Major Schill in the big-budget historical film The Eleven Schill Officers.

De Vogt was married to the German film actress Cläre Lotto, and the couple had a son Karl Franz de Vogt (born 14 May 1917). He was a member of the NSDAP and the Sturmabteilung.
Kamenskoye Urban Settlement
Kamenskoye Urban Settlement is the name of several municipal formations in Russia:

Kamenskoye Urban Settlement, formerly a municipal formation which Kamenka Urban-Type Settlement with Jurisdictional Territory in Mezensky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast is incorporated as; in 2021 transformed to Kamenskoye Rural Settlement.

Kamenskoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which Kamensk Urban-Type Settlement in Kabansky District of the Republic of Buryatia is incorporated as

Kamenskoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the settlement of Kamenka in Vichugsky District of Ivanovo Oblast is incorporated as

Kamenskoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the work settlement of Kamensky and two rural localities in Krasnoarmeysky District of Saratov Oblast are incorporated as

Kamenskoye Urban Settlement, an administrative division and a municipal formation which the urban-type settlement of Kamenka in Kamensky District of Voronezh Oblast is incorporated as

Kabansky District
Kabansky District (Russian: Каба́нский райо́н; Buryat: Хабаансхын аймаг, Khabaanskhyn aimag) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in the Republic of Buryatia, Russia. It is located in the center of the republic. The area of the district is 13,470 square kilometers (5,200 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Kabansk. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 59,883, with the population of Kabansk accounting for 10.1% of that number.
Sowjet
Sowjet (Soviet in German) was a German monthly communist publication, edited by Paul Levi, printed in Berlin. The first issue was published on 1 July 1919. Following Levi's expulsion from the Communist Party of Germany, the journal, from 1 July 1921, changed its orientation and was henceforth published under the name of Unser Weg  ('Our Way' in German). By the end of 1922 it ceased publication.

Among its contributors were Henriette Roland-Holst, Paul Frölich, Adolf Maslow, Fritz Geyer, and others.

Henriette Roland Holst
Henriette Goverdine Anna "Jet" Roland Holst-van der Schalk (24 December 1869 – 21 November 1952) was a Dutch poet and Council communist. She was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.

She had many noted relatives. Her husband was the artist Richard Roland Holst. The poet Adriaan Roland Holst (1888–1976), nicknamed "the Dutch Prince of Poets", was the nephew of her husband.
Karacha-Yelga
Karacha-Yelga (Russian: Карача-Елга; Bashkir: Ҡарасайылға, Qarasayılğa) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Karacha-Yelginsky Selsoviet, Kushnarenkovsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 600 as of 2010. There are 8 streets.

Kushnarenkovsky District
Kushnarenkovsky District (Russian: Кушнаре́нковский райо́н; Bashkir: Кушнарен районы or Кушнаренко районы, Kuşnaren(ko) rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the northern central part of the republic and borders with Birsky District in the north, Blagoveshchensky District in the northeast and east, Ufimsky District in the east and southeast, Chishminsky District in the south, Blagovarsky District in the south and southwest, Chekmagushevsky District in the west, and with Dyurtyulinsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 1,717.77 square kilometers (663.23 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Kushnarenkovo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 27,491, with the population of Kushnarenkovo accounting for 35.9% of that number.
Peter Howes
Christianity portal

Peter Henry Herbert Howes  OBE PBS (20 March 1911 – 12 April 2003) was an English clergyman in the Anglican Church who spent 44 years in Borneo. He was an assistant bishop of Kuching from 1976 to 1981.

Diocese of Kuching
The Diocese of Kuching is a diocese of the Anglican Church of the Province of South East Asia that covers the Region of Sarawak, Malaysia and Negara Brunei Darussalam. Founded in 1962, the see was originally established as the Bishopric of Sarawak linked to the Diocese of Labuan in 1855. The current bishop is the Right Revd. Datuk Danald Jute, the 14th Bishop of Kuching (Sarawak and Negara Brunei Darussalam), who was consecrated on 13 August 2017. His seat is at St. Thomas's Cathedral, Kuching.
2012–13 Four Hills Tournament
The 2012–13 Four Hills Tournament took place at the four traditional venues of Oberstdorf, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Innsbruck, and Bischofshofen, located in Germany and Austria, between 30 December 2012 and 6 January 2013.

Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Garmisch-Partenkirchen (German pronunciation: [ˈɡaʁmɪʃ paʁtn̩ˈkɪʁçn̩] ⓘ; Bavarian: Garmasch-Partakurch) is an Alpine ski town in Bavaria, southern Germany. It is the seat of government of the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen (abbreviated GAP), in the Oberbayern region, which borders Austria. Nearby is Germany's highest mountain, Zugspitze, at 2,962 metres (9,718 ft) above sea level.

The town is known as the site of the 1936 Winter Olympic Games, the first to include alpine skiing, and hosts a variety of winter sports competitions.