hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1897 Manchester City Council election
Elections to Manchester City Council were held on Monday, 1 November 1897. One third of the councillors seats were up for election, with each successful candidate to serve a three-year term of office. The council remained under no overall control.

Manchester City Council
Manchester City Council is the local authority for the city of Manchester in Greater Manchester, England. Manchester has had an elected local authority since 1838, which has been reformed several times. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. The council has been a member of the Greater Manchester Combined Authority since 2011.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 1971. It is based at Manchester Town Hall.
Emily Pitts Stevens
Emily Pitts Stevens (née, Pitts; 1841/44 – September 13, 1906) was an American educator, temperance activist, and early San Francisco suffragist. She was the editor and publisher of The Pioneer, the first women’s suffrage journal in the West Coast of the United States, and was a co-founder of the California Woman Suffrage Association. In addition, she was a businesswoman, teacher, administrator, lecturer, and a founder of women's organizations. In San Francisco, Stevens started an evening school for working girls, and instituted the Seaman's League. After the organization of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) in California, she labored on its behalf. She also contributed to the columns of various newspapers, and lectured.

Temperance movement in the United States
The temperance movement in the United States, which sought to curb the consumption of alcohol, had a large influence on American politics and American society in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, culminating in the prohibition of alcohol, through the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, from 1920 to 1933. Today, there are organizations that continue to promote the cause of temperance.
Sabine River Spanish
Sabine River Spanish is a variety of the Spanish language spoken on both sides of the Sabine River between Texas and Louisiana. It has been spoken by a few communities descended from the 18th-century colonists who established Los Adaes and Nacogdoches. Due to its historical origins, it has a mostly conservative phonology with a vocabulary derived from rural Mexican Spanish. It is facing language death as it has not been passed onto children for several generations.

John M. Lipski
John Michael Lipski is an American linguist who is most widely known for his work on Spanish and Portuguese dialectology and variation. His research also focuses on Spanish phonology, the linguistic aspects of bilingualism and code-switching, African influences on Spanish and Portuguese, and pidgin and creole studies. He is currently the Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of Spanish Linguistics in the Department of Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese at the Pennsylvania State University. He previously served as the head of the same department from 2001 to 2005.
Paddy Benson
George Patrick Benson (called Paddy; born 26 June 1949 in Derby) is an Anglican priest; he was Archdeacon of Hereford from 2011 until his retirement in the summer of 2018.

Benson was educated at Bemrose School, Leighton Park School and Christ Church, Oxford (he graduated in 1970 with a Bachelor of Arts {BA} degree). He continued his education at All Nations Christian College in preparation for his next role.  He worked was an Editorial Assistant then Director of Academic Studies at St Andrew's College, Kabare in Kenya from 1978. After returning to the UK in 1989 he trained for ordination at Trinity College, Bristol and was ordained  in 1992. After a curacy at St Mary Upton, Wirral he was Vicar of  Christ Church, Barnston, Wirral  until his appointment as Archdeacon of Hereford. His retirement was announced in 2017, effective in August 2018.

The Bemrose School
The Bemrose School is a foundation trust all-through school located on Uttoxeter New Road, Derby, England, with an age range of pupils from 3 to 19. Opened as a boys' grammar school in 1930, it became a co-educational comprehensive school in 1975. It then became an all-through school with the addition of a primary phase in 2014.
Scrobipalpa scutellariaeella
Scrobipalpa scutellariaeella is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Vactor Tousey Chambers in 1873. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Kentucky and Maine.

The wingspan is about 9.5 mm (0.37 in). Adults are brown, tinged with blue and dusted with pale or bluish white, with an indistinct whitish costal streak before the cilia and an opposite dorsal one. The white dusting on the forewings is more dense towards the apex.

The larvae feed on Scutellaria lateriflora. They mine the underside of the leaves and construct an external silk-lined tube that is also used for pupation.

Vactor Tousey Chambers
Vactor Tousey Chambers (commonly V. T. Chambers) (6 August 1830, Burlington, Kentucky – 7 August 1883, in Covington, Kentucky) was an American entomologist who specialized in Microlepidoptera. He along with James Brackenridge Clemens, was a pioneer in the study of these insects. He described many new species, with particularly many now placed in Gelechioidea.
Munktorp
Munktorp is a locality situated in Köping Municipality, Västmanland County, Sweden with 455 inhabitants in 2010.

Munktorp is the site of the historic Munktorp Church (Munktorps kyrka).  The church is associated with St. David of Munktorp (David av Munktorp), an Anglo-Saxon monk of the 11th century. The oldest parts of the church date back to his lifetime. Munktorp Church is seventy metres long, with a triple nave and high tower. The church contains  a medieval font beaten from bronze and an ancient southern door made of oak. The ambo, a pulpit that also serves as a lectern, is incorporated into a pillar. There is also an ancient carving of St. David of Munktorp.

Västmanland County
Västmanland County (Swedish: Västmanlands län) is a county or län in central Sweden. It borders the counties of Södermanland, Örebro, Gävleborg, Dalarna and Uppsala. The county also has a stretch of shoreline towards Mälaren (Sweden's third largest lake).
Alessandro Pesci
Alessandro Pesci (born 9 October 1960) is an Italian film cinematographer.

Born in Rome, Pesci studied cinematography at the Gaumount School of Cinema. He won the Nastro d'Argento for best cinematography for Nanni Moretti's film We Have a Pope. He was nominated to David di Donatello for best cinematography in 2007 with Napoleon and Me, in 2008 with Quiet Chaos and in 2012 with We Have a Pope.

David di Donatello
The David di Donatello Awards, named after Donatello's David, a symbolic statue of the Italian Renaissance, are film awards given out each year by the Accademia del Cinema Italiano (the Academy of Italian Cinema). There are 26 award categories, as of 2023. The industry-voted awards are considered the Italian equivalent of the American Academy Awards.
Caffrey and Davis Furniture Company-Senior Hotel
The Caffrey and Davis Furniture Company-Senior Hotel at 296 S. Main St. in Springville, Utah was built in 1900.  It has also been known as Caffrey and Davis Furniture Company and as Robinson Bros. Music Co..  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

The building was first a furniture and music store, then a billiard parlor during approximately 1920 to 1928, and then a hotel into the 1960s.

Springville, Utah
Springville is a city in Utah County, Utah, United States, that is part of the Provo–Orem metropolitan area. The population was 35,268 in 2020, according to the United States Census. Springville is a bedroom community for commuters who work in the Provo-Orem and Salt Lake City metropolitan areas. Other neighboring cities include Spanish Fork and Mapleton. Springville has the nickname of "Art City" or "Hobble Creek".
Ardoch
Ardoch can refer to:

Ardoch, Perth and Kinross, Scotland

Ardoch, North Dakota, USA

Ardoch, a community within North Frontenac, Ontario, Canada

Ardoch Algonquin First Nation, Ontario, Canada

Ardoch Burn, stream in Scotland

Ardoch National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota, USA

Ardoch Roman Fort, Scotland

Ardoch National Wildlife Refuge
Ardoch National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge in Walsh County, North Dakota.  It is managed under Devils Lake Wetland Management District.

Ardoch National Wildlife Refuge was established in 1939, and originally consisted of 2,696 acres of flowage and refuge easements and 288 acres of fee title land around Lake Ardoch, a reservoir. Since then, 80 acres of easement land have been deleted and an additional 20 acres of fee title land has been added.

This is a limited-interest national wildlife refuge. The FWS has an easement on private property allowing it to manage wildlife habitat, but the land remains private property. There is no public access except from adjacent public roads. Limited-interest refuges were created in the 1930s and 1940s in response to declining waterfowl populations and the need to get people back to work during the Great Depression. Many landowners sold easements allowing the federal government to regulate water levels and restrict hunting.
The Saxhams
The Saxhams is a civil parish in the West Suffolk district of Suffolk in eastern England. Located around two miles west of Bury St Edmunds, the parish covers the villages of Great Saxham and Little Saxham, as well as the Saxham Industrial Estate on the A14. In 2005 its population was 300. The parish was formed in 1998 from "Great Saxham" and "Little Saxham" and part of Risby.

Until the Beeching Axe, the parish was served by the Saxham and Risby railway station on the Ipswich to Ely Line.

West Suffolk District
West Suffolk District is a local government district in Suffolk, England. It was established in 2019 as a merger of the previous Forest Heath District with the Borough of St Edmundsbury. The council is based in Bury St Edmunds, the district's largest town. The district also contains the towns of Brandon, Clare, Haverhill, Mildenhall and Newmarket, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. In 2021 it had a population of 180,820.

The neighbouring districts are Mid Suffolk, Babergh, Braintree, South Cambridgeshire, East Cambridgeshire, King's Lynn and West Norfolk and Breckland.
David Synnot
Colonel David Synnot, also spelt Sinnot, was an Anglo-Irish soldier from County Wexford, who was Governor of Wexford for Confederate Ireland when it was captured by Oliver Cromwell in 1649.

As commander of the town, Synnot was negotiating with Cromwell, when his subordinate surrendered the castle without his knowledge, allowing Parliamentarian troops to break in. In the sack that followed, an estimated 2,000 members of the garrison and townspeople died; over 300 were drowned trying to escape over the River Slaney, including Synnot.

His family's estates were confiscated; his surviving son became a Protestant, and settled in Ballymoyer, Armagh. His descendants included Sir Walter Synnot (1742-1821), a linen merchant who became a substantial landowner; Ballymoyer House was demolished in 1919, but the estate is owned by the National Trust.

Ballymoyer
Ballymoyer or Ballymyre (from Irish Baile an Mhaoir, meaning 'settlement of the steward') is a civil parish in the historic barony of Fews Upper, County Armagh, Northern Ireland, 3 miles north-east of Newtownhamilton.
Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary
Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve is a United States National Marine Sanctuary on Lake Huron's Thunder Bay, within the northeastern region of the U.S. state of Michigan. It protects an estimated 116 historically significant shipwrecks ranging from nineteenth-century wooden side-wheeler paddle steamers to twentieth-century steel-hulled steamers. There are a great many wrecks in the sanctuary, and their preservation and protection is a concern for United States government policymakers. The landward boundary of the sanctuary extends from the western boundary of Presque Isle County to the southern boundary of Alcona County. The sanctuary extends east from the lakeshore to the international border. Alpena is the largest city in the area.

Alcona County, Michigan
Alcona County (/ælˈkoʊnə/ al-KOH-nə) is a county of the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,167. Its county seat is Harrisville. Alphabetically it is the first county in Michigan; as its flag states, it is the "First of 83".
Uraeotyphlus oommeni
Uraeotyphlus oommeni, sometimes known as the Oommen's caecilian, Oommen's Uraeotyphlus, or Bonnacord caecilian, is a species of caecilian in the family Ichthyophiidae. Within Uraeotyphlus, it belongs to the U. malabaricus group showing no obvious external differentiation between primary and higher-order annuli. This species is endemic to the Western Ghats and only known from its type locality, Bonaccord, Thiruvananthapuram district, southern Kerala. Very little is known about this species known only from a single specimen collected from an imprecise location.

Ichthyophiidae
The Ichthyophiidae are the family of Asiatic tailed caecilians or fish caecilians found in South and Southeast Asia as well as southernmost China.

They are primitive caecilians, lacking many of the derived characters found in the other families. For example, their mouths are not recessed underneath their heads, they possess tails, and they have numerous scales on their bodies. However, they have two sets of muscles for closing the jaw, a feature unique to caecilians, but absent in the related family Rhinatrematidae.

They lay their eggs in cavities in moist soil, where they hatch into larvae that seek out streams or underground seepages, before metamorphosing into adults. Some evidence indicates the females may protect their eggs until they hatch.
2012 Morocco Tennis Tour – Marrakech – Doubles
Peter Luczak and Alessandro Motti were the defending champions but decided not to participate.
Martin Kližan and Daniel Muñoz de la Nava won the title, defeating Íñigo Cervantes Huegun and Federico Delbonis 6–3, 1–6, [12–10] in the final.

Íñigo Cervantes
Íñigo Cervantes Huegun García (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈiɲiɣo θeɾˈβantes]; born 30 November 1989) is a Spanish professional tennis player who currently specializes in doubles. He has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 95 achieved on 23 June 2025. He also has a career-high singles ranking of No. 56 achieved on 21 March 2016.
Homer Lane
Homer Lane (1875–1925) was an American-born educator who believed that the  behavior and character of children improved when they were given more control over their lives. Bertrand Russell called him "one of the best men of his generation".

Fields in Trust
Fields in Trust is a British charity set up in 1925 as the National Playing Fields Association (NPFA), by Brigadier-General Reginald Kentish and the Duke of York, later King George VI, who was the first president, which protects parks and green spaces and promotes the cause of accessible spaces for play, sports and recreation in British cities and towns.

As well as campaigning to protect playing fields and open space, Fields in Trust legally protects the King George's Fields, 471 public recreation grounds set up as a memorial to King George V.
Bacilli
Bacilli is a taxonomic class of bacteria that includes two orders, Bacillales and Lactobacillales, which contain several well-known pathogens such as Bacillus anthracis (the cause of anthrax). Bacilli are almost exclusively gram-positive bacteria.

The name Bacillus, capitalized and italicized, refers to a specific genus of bacteria. The name Bacilli, capitalized but not italicized, can also refer to a less specific taxonomic group of bacteria that includes two orders, one of which contains the genus Bacillus. When the word is formatted with lowercase and not italicized, 'bacillus', it will most likely be referring to shape and not to the genus at all.

Class (biology)
In biological taxonomy, class (Latin: classis) is  a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit (i.e., a taxon) in that rank. It is a group of related taxonomic orders. Other well-known ranks in descending order of size are domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class ranking between phylum and order.
Crucible of Empire
Crucible of Empire: The Spanish–American War is a 1999 television documentary film about the Spanish–American War and American imperialism at the turn of the 20th century. Produced by the Great Projects Film Company and South Carolina ETV for PBS, it details how the United States' imperial ambitions largely grew out of its war with the Spanish Empire and was the harbinger for the American Century. Directed by Daniel A. Miller, written and produced by Miller and Daniel B. Polin, and narrated by Edward James Olmos, the film first aired on PBS in the United States on August 23, 1999.

American Century
The American Century is a characterization of the period since the middle of the 20th century as being largely dominated by the United States in political, economic, technological, and cultural terms. It is comparable to the description of the period 1815–1914 as Britain's Imperial Century. The United States' influence grew throughout the 20th century, but became especially dominant after the end of World War II, when only two superpowers remained; the United States and the Soviet Union. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the United States remained the world's only superpower, and became the hegemon, or what some have termed a hyperpower.
Kolyma Hydroelectric Station
Kolyma Hydroelectric Station is located on the Kolyma River in the village of Sinegorye, Yagodninsky District, Magadan Oblast Russia. It has an installed power generation capacity of 900 MW. Kolyma HPP is the basis of the energy system of Magadan Oblast; it produces about 95% of the electricity in the region. It is the upper stage of the Kolyma cascade. The lower one (Ust-Srednekan Hydroelectric Plant), with an installed capacity of 570 MW, was completed in 2024.

Construction began in 1974 and the first generator was commissioned in 1982, the last in 1994. The facility was placed into permanent operation in 2007. Construction of the Kolyma HPP was carried out in the harsh climatic conditions in the zone of permafrost. At 134.5 m (441 ft), it is the highest earth filled dam in Russia. It is also the most powerful hydroelectric plant in the country with an underground power station.

Yagodninsky District
Yagodninsky District (Russian: Я́годнинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the eight in Magadan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the western central part of the oblast. The area of the district is 29,500 square kilometers (11,400 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Yagodnoye. Population: 9,839 (2010 census); 15,833 (2002 Census); 50,174 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Yagodnoye accounts for 42.8% of the district's total population.
Acidalia Planitia
Acidalia Planitia is a plain on Mars, between the Tharsis volcanic province and Arabia Terra to the north of Valles Marineris, centered at 49°48′N 339°18′E﻿ / ﻿49.8°N 339.3°E﻿ / 49.8; 339.3. Most of this region is found in the Mare Acidalium quadrangle, but a small part is in the Ismenius Lacus quadrangle. The plain contains the famous Cydonia region at the contact with the heavily cratered highland terrain.

The plain is named after a corresponding albedo feature on a map by Giovanni Schiaparelli, which was in turn named after the mythological fountain of Acidalia.
Some places in Acidalia Planitia show cones, which some researchers have suggested are mud volcanoes. The scientific community is divided over whether an ancient ocean existed on the plain and other parts of the northern lowlands.

Giovanni Schiaparelli
Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli ForMemRS HFRSE (/ˌskæpəˈrɛli, ˌʃæp-/ SKAP-ə-REL-ee, SHAP-, US also /skiˌɑːp-/ skee-AHP-, Italian: [dʒoˈvanni virˈdʒiːnjo skjapaˈrɛlli]; 14 March 1835 – 4 July 1910) was an Italian astronomer and science historian. Schiaparelli established the Martian system of nomenclature still in use today; before him, features of the planet bore the names of contemporary astronomers, similar to the lunar map of van Langren that preceded that of Hevelius.
2011 Mountain West Conference football season
The 2011 Mountain West Conference football season was the 13th season of college football for the Mountain West Conference (MW). Eight teams participated in that season: Air Force, Colorado State, New Mexico, San Diego State, TCU, UNLV, Wyoming and new member Boise State.

This was the first year the MW was without founding members Utah and BYU, which respectively left for the Pac-12 Conference and FBS independent status, with BYU's other sports joining the West Coast Conference. In response to their departure, the conference added Boise State for this season, and would eventually add  Fresno State, Hawaiʻi (football only; other sports joined the Big West Conference), and Nevada for the 2012 season.

This was also the last year for TCU as an MW member. The Horned Frogs were originally set to become a member of the Big East Conference in the 2012 season. However, on October 10, they accepted a bid to join the Big 12 Conference.

2011 Colorado State Rams football team
The 2011 Colorado State Rams football team represented Colorado State University in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Rams were led by fourth year head coach Steve Fairchild and played their home games at Sonny Lubick Field at Hughes Stadium. They are members of the Mountain West Conference. They finished the season 3–9, 1–6 in Mountain West play to finish in a three-way tie for sixth place.

Head coach Steve Fairchild was fired at end of the season after four year record of 16–33.
Robert Rosenkranz
Robert Rosenkranz (born August 5, 1942) is an American philanthropist and the chairman of Delphi Capital Management, an investment concern with over $40 billion in assets under management, and the founder of a group of investment and private equity partnerships. From 1987 until 2018 he was the chief executive officer (CEO) of Delphi Financial Group, an insurance company with more than $1.5 billion in operating income. Delphi grew from one of his acquisitions and increased its value 100-fold under his leadership.

A graduate of Yale (summa cum laude) with a BA in economics, and Harvard Law School, he spent his early career as an economist with the RAND Corporation, where he was engaged in research on foreign policy issues and municipal finance.

Assets under management
In finance, assets under management (AUM), sometimes called fund under management, refers to the total market value of all financial assets that a financial institution—such as a mutual fund, venture capital firm, or depository institution—or a decentralized network protocol manages and invests, typically on behalf of its clients. Funds may be managed for clients, platform users, or solely for themselves, such as in the case of a financial institution which has mutual funds or holds its own venture capital. The definition and formula for calculating AUM may differ from one entity to another.
Prabhas Patan
Somnath or Prabhas Patan, historically named Dev Patan, is a locality in Somnath, Gujarat. As the site of the Somnath temple and its associated Jyotirlinga (an aniconic representation of the god Shiva), it is an important place of Hindu pilgrimage.

Jyotirlinga
A Jyotirlinga (transl. lingam of light) or Jyotirlingam is a devotional representation of the Hindu god Shiva. The word is a Sanskrit compound of jyotis ('radiance') and linga ('sign'). The Śiva Mahāpurāṇam (also Shiva Purana) mentions 64 original jyotirlinga shrines in India.