hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stopping power (particle radiation)
In nuclear and materials physics, stopping power is the retarding force acting on charged particles, typically alpha and beta particles, due to interaction with matter, resulting in loss of particle kinetic energy.

Stopping power is also interpreted as the rate at which a material absorbs the kinetic energy of a charged particle. Its application is important in a wide range of thermodynamic areas such as radiation protection, ion implantation and nuclear medicine.

Beta particle
A beta particle, also called beta ray or beta radiation (symbol β), is a high-energy, high-speed electron or positron emitted by the radioactive decay of an atomic nucleus, known as beta decay. There are two forms of beta decay, β− decay and β+ decay, which produce electrons and positrons, respectively.

Beta particles with an energy of 0.5 MeV have a range of about one metre in the air; the distance is dependent on the particle's energy and the air's density and composition.

Beta particles are a type of ionizing radiation, and for radiation protection purposes, they are regarded as being more ionizing than gamma rays, but less ionizing than alpha particles. The higher the ionising effect, the greater the damage to living tissue, but also the lower the penetrating power of the radiation through matter.
Implicit function
In mathematics, an implicit equation is a relation of the form  where R is a function of several variables (often a polynomial). For example, the implicit equation of the unit circle is

An implicit function is a function that is defined by an implicit equation, that relates one of the variables, considered as the value of the function, with the others considered as the arguments.: 204–206  For example, the equation  of the unit circle defines y as an implicit function of x, , assuming −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 and y is restricted to nonnegative values. 
Some equations do not admit an explicit solution.

The implicit function theorem provides conditions under which some kinds of implicit equations define implicit functions, namely those that are obtained by equating to zero multivariable functions that are continuously differentiable.

Value (mathematics)
In mathematics, a mathematical value is a broad term that refers to any definite entity that can be manipulated with operators according to the well-defined rules of its mathematical system.

Certain values can correspond to the real world, although most values in mathematics generally exists purely as abstract objects with no connection to the real world.
Orange County School of the Arts
Orange County School of the Arts (OCSA, /ˈoʊʃə/ OH-shə), is a 7th–12th grade public charter school located in downtown Santa Ana, California.  The school caters to middle and high school students with talents in the performing, visual, literary arts, culinary arts and more. The educational program prepares students for higher education institutions or employment in the professional arts industry.  In 2010 the school's academic and arts programs were ranked with silver medal status in the U.S. News & World Report "Best High Schools" list. In 2012, the school changed its name from "Orange County High School of the Arts" (OCHSA) to its current name.

Downtown Santa Ana
Downtown Santa Ana (DTSA), also called Downtown Orange County, is the city center of Santa Ana, the county seat of Orange County, California. It is the institutional center for the city of Santa Ana as well as Orange County, a retail and business hub.

The Downtown Santa Ana Historic Districts are listed with the National Trust for Historic Preservation and consist of numerous historic buildings across the area.
Charlie Javice
Charlie Javice (born 1992 or 1993) is a French and American businesswoman who was convicted of fraud in relation to her  student financial aid application assistance company Frank. In January 2023, she and Olivier Amar, Frank's chief growth and acquisition officer, were accused of fraudulently inflating customer numbers while negotiating the sale of Javice's company to JPMorgan Chase for $175 million. Javice and Amar were charged on April 4, 2023 in Manhattan federal court with a four-count grand jury indictment for securities fraud, wire fraud, bank fraud, and conspiracy.  On March 28, 2025, both  were found guilty on all counts. On September 29, 2025, Javice was sentenced to 85 months' imprisonment.

Securities fraud
Securities fraud, also known as stock fraud and investment fraud, is a deceptive practice in the stock or commodities markets that induces investors to make purchase or sale decisions on the basis of false information.  The setups are generally made to result in monetary gain for the deceivers, and generally result in unfair monetary losses for the investors. They are generally violating securities laws.

Securities fraud can also include outright theft from investors (embezzlement by stockbrokers), stock manipulation, misstatements on a public company's financial reports, and lying to corporate auditors. The term encompasses a wide range of other actions, including insider trading, front running and other illegal acts on the trading floor of a stock or commodity exchange.
David Crouch Marketing v Du Plessis
David Crouch Marketing CC v Du Plessis is a decision in South African labour law, handed down on 17 June 2009. The case was heard on 21 May 2009 in the Labour Court of South Africa, sitting in Johannesburg, by Judge Annali Basson. It concerned the enforceability of agreements in restraint of trade.

Restraint of trade
Restraints of trade is a common law doctrine relating to the enforceability of contractual restrictions on freedom to conduct business. It is a precursor of modern competition law. In an old leading case of Mitchel v Reynolds  (1711) Lord Smith LC said,

it is the privilege of a trader in a free country, in all matters not contrary to law, to regulate his own mode of carrying it on according to his own discretion and choice. If the law has regulated or restrained his mode of doing this, the law must be obeyed. But no power short of the general law ought to restrain his free discretion.

A contractual undertaking not to trade is void and unenforceable against the promisor as contrary to the public policy of promoting trade, unless the restraint of trade is reasonable to protect the interest of the purchaser of a business.  Restraints of trade can also appear in post-termination restrictive covenants in employment contracts.
Fishbeyn
Fishbein and Fishbeyn (Yiddish: פישביין) (literally fish + bone),  ("whalebone") is a Yiddish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Fishbeyn (born 1983),  Russian-American actress, writer, and filmmaker

Alexander Fishbein (born 1968), chess player

Anne Fishbein (born 1958), American photographer

Craig C. Fishbein

Frieda Fishbein

Harry Fishbein (1896–1976), American bridge player

Jonathan Fishbein, American physician

Lillian Desow-Fishbein

Martin Fishbein (1936–2009), American social psychologist

Morris Fishbein (1889–1976), physician

Moysey Fishbein, Ukrainian journalist

Susie Fishbein (born 1968), Jewish cookbook author

Anna Fishbeyn
Anna Fishbeyn (born November 2, 1983) is a Russian-American actress, writer, and filmmaker. She has a Ph.D. from Columbia University and is the founder of the production companies XOFeminist Productions and Anteriya Films. Her work often uses satire to explore themes of feminism, motherhood, and the immigrant experience.

Her body of work includes the Off-Broadway play My Stubborn Tongue, the novel The Matrimonial Flirtations of Emma Kaulfield, and the feature film Galaxy 360: A Woman's Playground.
Brahmadesam (Bhavani)
Brahmadesam is an Indian Panchayat village located in Anthiyur taluk of Erode district in the state of Tamil Nadu. According to the 2001 census, the village had a population of 12074, with a literacy rate of 52.33%.

Anthiyur taluk
11°35′N 77°36′E﻿ / ﻿11.58°N 77.60°E﻿ / 11.58; 77.60
Anthiyur taluk(Tamil: அந்தியூர் வட்டம்) is a taluk of Erode district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Anthiyur became separate taluk in Erode district by restructuring Bhavani and Gobichettipalayam on 22 November 2012. It comprises four blocks – Anthiyur, Athani, Burgur and Ammapet It comes under Gobichettipalayam Revenue Division.
One Hundred Thousand Dollars
One Hundred Thousand Dollars (Italian: Centomila dollari) is a 1940 Italian "white-telephones" comedy film directed by Mario Camerini and starring Assia Noris, Amedeo Nazzari and Lauro Gazzolo.

It was shot at the Palatino Studios in Rome. The film's sets were designed by the art director Fulvio Jacchia. It was part of the traditional of White Telephone comedies, popular during the era.

Mario Camerini
Mario Camerini (6 February 1895 – 4 February 1981) was an Italian film director and screenwriter.

Camerini began his career in the film industry in 1920, working for his cousin the director Augusto Genina. Camerini went on to direct his own films at Cines Studios. He made the most well-known films in Italy during the 1930s, most of them comedies starring Vittorio De Sica. He directed about fifty films until 1972, including 1954's Ulysses with American stars Kirk Douglas and Anthony Quinn, one of the first Europe/US film co-productions. He died in 1981 in Gardone Rivera.
Virani (surname)
Virani is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aquil Virani, Canadian artist

Arif Virani (born 1971), Canadian lawyer and politician

Barkat Virani (1923–1994), Gujarati author and poet

Kaul Virani, Indian politician

Pinki Virani (born 1959), Indian writer, journalist, and human rights activist

Shafique Virani, Canadian scholar

Dr. Tazim Virani, Canadian healthcare executive

Aquil Virani
Aquil Virani is a Canadian artist, who was born in British Columbia and is currently based in Toronto. He is best known for his community-engaged art projects that explore social issues and often combine public participation and figurative portraiture. His work includes painting, graphic design, illustration, filmmaking, writing and participatory art events.
1987 IAAF Grand Prix Final
The 1987 IAAF Grand Prix Final was the third edition of the season-ending competition for the IAAF Grand Prix track and field circuit, organised by the International Association of Athletics Federations. It was held on 11 September at the King Baudouin Stadium in Brussels, Belgium. Tonie Campbell (110 metres hurdles) and Merlene Ottey (100 metres) were the overall points winners of the tournament.

King Baudouin Stadium
The King Baudouin Stadium (French: Stade Roi Baudouin [stad ʁwa bodwɛ̃]; Dutch: Koning Boudewijnstadion [ˌkoːnɪŋ ˈbʌudəʋɛinˌstaːdijɔn]) is a sports ground in Brussels, Belgium. Located in the north-western district of the City of Brussels, it was built to embellish the Heysel/Heizel Plateau in view of the 1935 Brussels International Exposition. It was inaugurated on 23 August 1930, with Crown Prince Leopold attending the opening ceremony. The stadium hosted 70,000 at the time. Its name honours King Baudouin, Leopold's successor as King of the Belgians from 1951 to his death in 1993.

The stadium is located at 135/2, avenue de Marathon/Marathonlaan, on the border of the Bruparck entertainment park (with the Atomium, Mini-Europe miniature park and Kinepolis cinema). It can be accessed from the metro stations Heysel/Heizel and Roi Baudouin/Koning Boudewijn on line 6.
Callum Stretch
Callum Blu Stretch (born September 18, 1999) is a footballer who plays as a defender for USL League One club Sarasota Paradise. Born in Los Angeles, California, he has represented the US U18 and U20's national football team and Puerto Rico national team. He became the youngest American-born player to sign with an English club when he joined Aston Villa in 2015 at age 15. Prior to joining Aston Villa, Stretch spent a season with the LA Galaxy Academy.

Sarasota Paradise
Sarasota Paradise is an American soccer club based in Lakewood Ranch, Florida, competing at USL League One. The club began play in 2023 and plays their home games at Premier Sports Campus at Lakewood Ranch.

Sarasota Paradise is principally owned by Marco Assis, CEO of Propio Language Services, with Marcus Walfridson as co-owner.
Helsem
Helsem is a small village in Stranda Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The village is located just a couple kilometres south of the municipal centre of Stranda, along the Storfjorden, just north of where the Norddalsfjorden and Sunnylvsfjorden split off.

The 0.39-square-kilometre (96-acre) village had a population (2012) of 257 and a population density of 659 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,710/sq mi). Since 2012, the village has been considered part of the urban area of Stranda, so the population and area data for this village area is no longer separately tracked by Statistics Norway.

Møre og Romsdal
Møre og Romsdal (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈmø̂ːrə ɔ ˈrʊ̀msdɑːɫ] ⓘ; English: Møre and Romsdal) is a county in the northernmost part of Western Norway. It borders the counties of Trøndelag, Innlandet, and Vestland. The county administration is located in the town of Molde, while Ålesund is the largest town. The county is governed by the Møre og Romsdal County Municipality which includes an elected county council and a county mayor. The national government is represented by the county governor.
Dapagliflozin/metformin
Dapagliflozin/metformin, sold under the brand name Xigduo Xr  among others, is a fixed-dose combination anti-diabetic medication used as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. It is a combination of dapagliflozin and metformin and is taken by mouth. Dapagliflozin/metformin was approved for use in the European Union in January 2014,  in the United States in February 2014, and in Australia in July 2014.

Oral administration
Oral administration is a route of administration whereby a substance is taken through the mouth, swallowed, and then processed via the digestive system. This is a common route of administration for many medications.

Oral administration can be easier and less painful than other routes of administration, such as injection.  However, the onset of action is relatively low, and the effectiveness is reduced if it is not absorbed properly in the digestive system, or if it is broken down by digestive enzymes before it can reach the bloodstream. Some medications may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea or vomiting, when taken orally. Oral administration can also only be applied to conscious patients, and patients able to swallow.
2021–22 Kansas State Wildcats men's basketball team
The 2021–22 Kansas State Wildcats men's basketball team represented Kansas State University in the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season, their 119th basketball season. The Wildcats were led by 10th-year head coach Bruce Weber and played their home games in Bramlage Coliseum in Manhattan, Kansas as members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 14–17, 6–12 in Big 12 play to finish ninth place. They lost to West Virginia in the first round of the Big 12 tournament.

On March 10, 2022, head coach Bruce Weber announced he was stepping down as head coach. On March 21, the school named longtime Baylor assistant Jerome Tang the team's new head coach.

2021–22 Big 12 Conference men's basketball season
The 2021–22 Big 12 men's basketball season began with practices in October 2020, followed by the start of the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season in November. Regular season conference play began in November 2021 and concludes in March 2022. The 2022 Big 12 men's basketball tournament was held March 9–12, 2022, at the T-Mobile Center in Kansas City, Missouri.

Baylor won their first ever National Championship in 2021, becoming the first Big 12 team to win the National Championship since Kansas in 2008. Kansas would make it two straight national championships for the conference, defeating North Carolina, 72-69, in the finals.
Life Insurance (album)
Life Insurance is the debut studio album by American rapper Mr. Serv-On. It was released on August 12, 1997 via No Limit/Priority Records. Production was handled by KLC, Craig B, O'Dell, Brotha Lynch Hung, Carlos Stephens and Mo B. Dick, with Master P serving as executive producer. The album debuted at number 23 on the Billboard 200 and peaked at number 5 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts with first-week sales of 50,000 units in the United States.

Carlos Stephens
Carlos Stephens (born January 24, 1972) is an American record producer and mixing engineer from New Orleans, Louisiana, best known as a member of No Limit Records' in-house production team, Beats by the Pound. After leaving the label, he founded the record label Flame Entertainment. As of 2022, Stephens has over 75 million in credited record sales.
Philippines at the 1972 Winter Olympics
The Philippines competed in the Winter Olympic Games for the first time at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo, Japan with two athletes who competed in alpine skiing. The country was also the first tropical nation and Southeast Asian country to feature in the Winter Olympics.

History of the Philippines (1965–1986)
The history of the Philippines, from 1965 to 1986, covers the presidency and dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos. The Marcos era includes the final years of the Third Republic (1965–1972), the Philippines under martial law (1972–1981), and the majority of the Fourth Republic (1981–1986). By the end of the Marcos dictatorial era, the country was experiencing a debt crisis, extreme poverty, and severe underemployment.
Dancing with the Stars (American TV series) season 12
Season twelve of Dancing with the Stars premiered on March 21, 2011, on the ABC network.

Pittsburgh Steelers wide receiver Hines Ward and Kym Johnson were the winners of the competition, while actress Kirstie Alley and Maksim Chmerkovskiy finished second, and Disney star Chelsea Kane and Mark Ballas finished third.

Maksim Chmerkovskiy
Maksim Aleksandrovich Chmerkovskiy (born January 17, 1980) is a Ukrainian-American Latin–ballroom dance champion, choreographer, and instructor. He is widely known as one of the professional dancers on the American television series Dancing with the Stars, on which he first appeared in season two. In his 17 seasons as a competing pro on the show, Chmerkovskiy made it to the final round five times, with two runner-up and two third-place finishes. On May 20, 2014, Chmerkovskiy, paired with Olympic ice dancer Meryl Davis, won his first Dancing with the Stars title. Chmerkovskiy has also starred in the Broadway productions of dance shows Burn the Floor and Forever Tango.
Danebury Hill
Danebury Hill is a 13.7-hectare (34-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north-east of Nether Wallop in Hampshire. It is part of Danebury Hillfort Local Nature Reserve.

This gently sloping site surrounds Danebury, which is a hill fort dating to the Iron Age. It has herb-rich chalk grassland which is grazed by rabbits and sheep, and there are also areas of mixed and juniper scrub. Flowering plants include the scarce burnt-tip orchid, field fleawort and frog orchid.

Neotinea ustulata
Neotinea ustulata (syn. Orchis ustulata), the burnt orchid or burnt-tip orchid, is a European terrestrial orchid native to mountains in central and southern Europe, growing at up to 2,400 m (7,900 ft) elevation. The plant is considered Endangered in Great Britain and Least Concern internationally based on IUCN Red List criteria. The burnt-tip orchid was voted the county flower of Wiltshire in 2002 following a poll by the wild flora conservation charity Plantlife.
2003 Maidstone Borough Council election
The 2003 Maidstone Borough Council election took place on 1 May 2003 to elect members of Maidstone Borough Council in Kent, England. One third of the council was up for election and the council stayed under no overall control.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Liberal Democrat 21

Conservative 21

Labour 10

Independent 3

Borough status in the United Kingdom
Borough status is granted by royal charter to local government districts in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The status is purely honorary, and does not give any additional powers to the council or inhabitants of the district. In Scotland, similarly chartered communities were known as royal burghs, although the status is no longer granted.
Speocirolana thermydronis
Speocirolana thermydronis is a species of crustacean in the family Cirolanidae. It is endemic to Mexico and only known from springs near Cuatro Ciénegas, Coahuila. Its habitat is threatened by irrigation.

The holotype is a female measuring 15 mm (0.6 in) from the tip of the head to the end of the telson.

Telson
The telson (from Ancient Greek  τέλσον 'headlands, limit') is the hindmost division of the body of an arthropod. Depending on the definition, the telson is either considered to be the final segment of the arthropod body, or an additional division that is not a true segment on account of not arising in the embryo from teloblast areas as other segments. It never carries any appendages, but a forked "tail" called the caudal furca may be present. The shape and composition of the telson differs between arthropod groups.
Mark Thurston
Mark Thurston (born 1966 or 1967) is a British electrical engineer and businessman. He was chief executive of the High Speed 2 railway construction project from March 2017 to September 2023. He is currently chief executive at Anglian Water.

Anglian Water
Anglian Water Services Limited is a water company that operates in the East of England. It was formed in 1989 under the partial privatisation of the water industry. It provides water supply, sewerage and sewage treatment to the area formerly the responsibility of the Anglian Water Authority. The remaining functions of the authority were transferred to the Environment Agency. Anglian Water is regulated under the United Kingdom Water Industry Act 1991.
2024 Open de Tenis Ciudad de Pozoblanco
The 2024 Open de Tenis Ciudad de Pozoblanco was a professional tennis tournament played on hardcourts. It was the 18th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Pozoblanco, Spain between 15 and 21 July 2024.

Pozoblanco
Pozoblanco (Spanish pronunciation: [poθoˈβlaŋko]) is a town in the province of Córdoba, southern Spain, in the north-central part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is located near the headwaters of the Guadamatillas and other small sub-tributaries of the Guadiana, in the lowlands of Los Pedroches, which lie between the Sierra de la Alcildia on the north and the Sierra Morena on the south.

It is the birthplace of the novelist Rafael Peñas Cruz and the composer Lorenzo Palomo.
Antonio Michele Stanca
Antonio Michele Stanca (22 May 1942 – 19 March 2020) was an Italian geneticist.

He was born in Soleto, Italy. He graduated in University of Bari, majoring in agricultural science. He had been a professor at the University of Milan, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore of Piacenza, Institut national agronomique de Tunisie (INAT) of Tunis, and the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, he died of COVID-19 on 19 March 2020 in Fidenza, aged 77.

University of Bari
The University of Bari Aldo Moro (Italian: Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro) is a public higher education institution founded in 1925 in Bari, Apulia in Southern Italy. The university has a student population of around 40,000.

On 15 January 2010, the university changed its name to honour the statesman and prime minister Aldo Moro (1916–1978), a student of law there until 1939 who then served as ordinary professor of philosophy of Law and Colonial Policy (1941) and of Criminal Law (1942). He was Prime Minister of Italy for five terms in the 60s and 70s.