hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
N-Methylformamide
N-Methylformamide (NMF) is a colorless, nearly odorless, organic compound and secondary amide with molecular formula CH3NHCHO, which is a liquid at room temperature. NMF is mainly used as a reagent in various organic syntheses with limited applications as a highly polar solvent.

NMF is closely related to other formamides, notably formamide and dimethylformamide (DMF).  However, industrial use and production of NMF are far less than for either of these other formamides.  DMF is favored over NMF as a solvent due to its greater stability. Annual production of NMF can be assumed to be significantly less than the production of either formamide (100,000 tons) or DMF (500,000 tons).

Amide
In organic chemistry, an amide, also known as an organic amide or a carboxamide, is a compound with the general formula R−C(=O)−NR′R″, where R, R', and R″ represent any group, typically organyl groups or hydrogen atoms. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, as in asparagine and glutamine. It can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid (R−C(=O)−OH) with the hydroxyl group (−OH) replaced by an amino group (−NR′R″); or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group (R−C(=O)−) joined to an amino group.

Common amides are formamide (H−C(=O)−NH2), acetamide (H3C−C(=O)−NH2), benzamide (C6H5−C(=O)−NH2), and dimethylformamide (H−C(=O)−N(−CH3)2).

Amides are qualified as primary, secondary, and tertiary according to the number of acyl groups bounded to the nitrogen atom.
Dolenja Vas, Zagorje ob Savi
Dolenja Vas (pronounced [dɔˈleːnja ˈʋaːs]; Slovene: Dolenja vas) is a settlement in the Municipality of Zagorje ob Savi in central Slovenia. It extends from the western outskirts of Zagorje ob Savi to the left bank of the Sava River. The area is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Sava Statistical Region.

Municipality of Zagorje ob Savi
The Municipality of Zagorje ob Savi (pronounced [zaˈɡoːɾjɛ ɔp ˈsaːʋi]; Slovene: Občina Zagorje ob Savi) is a municipality in central Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Zagorje ob Savi. The area is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola. The entire municipality is now included in the Central Sava Statistical Region. The population of the municipality is about 17,000.

Archaeological evidence shows that the area was already settled in the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age.
Ruttledge
Ruttledge is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hugh Ruttledge (1884–1961), English civil servant and mountaineer

P. J. Ruttledge (1892–1952), Irish politician

Robert Francis Ruttledge (1899–2002), Irish ornithologist

Tara Ruttledge (born 1991), Irish camogie player

Robert Francis Ruttledge
Robert "Robin" Francis Ruttledge MC (11 September 1899 – 13 January 2002) was an Irish ornithologist and soldier also known as "The Major", who is best remembered for his work in the systematic recording and conservation of Irish birds over a period of sixty years.
Festa del Santissimo Salvatore a Pazzano
Festa del Santissimo Salvatore a Pazzano (Calabrian: Festa dô Sarvaturi; 'Feast of the Holiest Saviour') is a three-day Catholic festival celebrated in Pazzano, Reggio Calabria, Italy, every first weekend after 5 August. 
It was originally the Byzantine celebration of the transfiguration of Christ, still observed today by both the Catholic and Orthodox churches on 6 August.

It is divided in a civil and religious program.
Starting nine days before the feast, Novena (Calabrian: novina) is celebrated, consisting of the adoration of the Saviour's statue and the recitation prayers for nine days. Novena is preceded by a litany.

Languages of Calabria
The primary languages of Calabria are the Italian language as well as regional varieties of Extreme Southern Italian and Neapolitan languages, all collectively known as Calabrian (Italian: calabrese). In addition, there are speakers of the Arbëresh variety of Albanian, as well as Calabrian Greek speakers and pockets of Occitan.
Battle of Cape Palos (1938)
The Battle of Cape Palos, also known as the Second Battle of Cape Palos, was the biggest naval battle of the Spanish Civil War, fought on the night of March 5–6, 1938, east of Cape Palos near Cartagena, Spain.

Naval warfare
Naval warfare is combat in and on the sea, the ocean, or any other battlespace involving a major body of water such as a large lake or wide river.

The armed forces branch designated for naval warfare is a navy. Naval operations can be broadly divided into riverine/littoral applications (brown-water navy), open-ocean applications (blue-water navy), between riverine/littoral and open-ocean applications (green-water navy), although these distinctions are more about strategic scope than tactical or operational division. The strategic offensive purpose of naval warfare is projection of force by water, and its strategic defensive purpose is to challenge the similar projection of force by enemies.
Asutosh College
Asutosh College, established in 1916, is a premier government aided college in Kolkata and under Calcutta University. It offers undergraduate level courses in various science and art subjects, also postgraduate degrees in select science and arts subjects. This college is situated in Southern Kolkata, close to the Jatin Das Park Metro Station, gate No. 2. It is affiliated to the University of Calcutta.

Jatin Das Park metro station
Jatin Das Park is an underground metro station on the North-South corridor of the Blue Line of Kolkata Metro at Hazra, Kalighat, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It is named after Indian independence activist and revolutionary Jatindra Nath Das.
Wilhelm Drumann
Wilhelm Karl August Drumann (11 June 1786, in Danstedt – 29 July 1861, in Königsberg) was a German classical historian.

From 1805, he studied theology and philosophy at the University of Halle, receiving his doctorate at Helmstedt in 1810. Following graduation, he worked as a teacher at the Pädagogium of the Francke Foundations in Halle. In 1812, he obtained his habilitation for ancient history, and five years later became an associate professor at the University of Königsberg. In 1820, he was named third librarian at the university library, and during the following year attained a full professorship.

University of Königsberg
The University of Königsberg (German: Albertus-Universität Königsberg) was a university in Königsberg, East Prussia. It was founded in 1544 as the world's second Protestant academy (after the University of Marburg) by Duke Albert of Prussia and received the royal privilege by King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland in 1560. The university was commonly known as the Albertina.

Following World War II, the city of Königsberg (renamed Kaliningrad) was transferred to the Soviet Union under the terms of the 1945 Potsdam Agreement. The Albertina was closed and the remaining German population was expelled. Today, the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University claims to maintain the traditions of the Albertina.
Gord Kuhn
Gordon Frederick "Doggie" Kuhn (November 19, 1905 — July 29, 1978) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played nine games in the National Hockey League with the New York Americans during the 1932–33 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1924 to 1940, was spent in various minor leagues.

Kuhn was born in Truro, Nova Scotia.

New York Americans
The New York Americans, colloquially known as the Amerks, were a professional ice hockey team based in New York City from 1925 to 1942. They were the third expansion team in the history of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the second to play in the United States. The team never won the Stanley Cup, but reached the semifinals twice. While it was the first team in New York City, it was eclipsed by the second, the New York Rangers, which arrived in 1926 under the ownership of the Amerks' landlord, Madison Square Garden. The team played as the Brooklyn Americans during the 1941–42 season before suspending operations in 1942 due to World War II and long-standing financial difficulties. The demise of the club marked the beginning of the NHL's Original Six era from 1942 to 1967, though the Amerks' franchise was not formally canceled until 1946. The team's overall regular season record was 255–402–127.
2nd Filipino Infantry Regiment
The 2nd Filipino Infantry Regiment was an American Army regiment composed of Filipino Americans that was active in the Pacific Theater during World War II. It was constituted at Fort Ord under the 1st Filipino Battalion in October 1942 and was activated the following month until its disbandment and reorganization in March 1944 into the 2nd Filipino Battalion (Separate). It went on to serve in New Guinea and was later stationed in the Philippines. The regiment never saw combat. It was constituted by request of Filipinos.

Filipino Americans
Filipino Americans (Filipino: Mga Pilipinong Amerikano) are Americans of Filipino ancestry. Filipinos in North America were first documented in the 16th century and other small settlements beginning in the 18th century. Mass migration did not begin until after the end of the Spanish–American War at the end of the 19th century, when the Philippines was ceded from Spain to the United States in the Treaty of Paris.

As of 2022, there were almost 4.5 million Filipino Americans in the United States with large communities in California, Hawaii, Illinois, Texas, Florida, Nevada, and the New York metropolitan area. Around one third of Filipino Americans identify as multiracial or multiethnic, with 3 million reporting only Filipino ancestry and 1.5 million reporting Filipino in combination with another group.
Leslie Kelley
Leslie Howard Kelley (born December 9, 1944) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Alabama Crimson Tide and played three seasons in the NFL without ever starting.

He was the first ever draft choice of the Saints, taken with the final pick of the first round in the 1967 draft. The Saints originally had the #1 overall pick in that draft, but traded it to the Baltimore Colts for quarterback Gary Cuozzo. The Colts selected Michigan State All-America defensive end Bubba Smith with the traded pick.

Michigan State Spartans football
The Michigan State Spartans football program represents Michigan State University (MSU) in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) level. The Spartans are members of the Big Ten Conference. Michigan State claims a total of six national championships, including two (1952, 1965) from the major wire-services: AP Poll and/or Coaches' Poll. The Spartans have also won eleven conference championships, with two in the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association and nine in the Big Ten.

Home games of the Spartans are played at Spartan Stadium, which is located on the main university campus. Spartan Stadium is consistently ranked among the NCAA's top 25 in attendance. The Spartans are currently coached by Pat Fitzgerald.
Luchaire
Luchaire is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Corinne Luchaire (1921–1950), French actress

Denis Jean Achille Luchaire (1846–1908), French historian

Jean Luchaire (1901–1946), French journalist and collaborator

Corinne Luchaire
Corinne Luchaire (11 February 1921 – 22 January 1950) was a French film actress who was a star of French cinema on the eve of World War II. Her association with the German occupation led her to be sentenced to "national indignity" after the war, and after writing an autobiography, she died from tuberculosis at age 28.
Tōkai, Aichi
Tōkai (東海市, Tōkai-shi) is a city located in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2019, the city had an estimated population of 113,698 in 51,035 households, and a population density of 2,618 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 43.43 square kilometres (16.77 sq mi).

Cities of Japan
A city (市, shi) is a local administrative unit in Japan. Cities are ranked on the same level as towns (町, machi) and villages (村, mura), with the difference that they are not a component of districts (郡, gun). Like other contemporary administrative units, they are defined by the Local Autonomy Law of 1947.
Bradbury Hospice
Bradbury Hospice (Chinese: 白普理寧養中心; Cantonese Yale: Baahkpóuléih Nìhngyéuhng Jūngsām) is a hospice with 26 beds located in Sha Tin, Hong Kong. It is under the New Territories East Cluster managed by the Hospital Authority.

Hospital Authority
The Hospital Authority is a statutory body managing all the government hospitals and institutes in Hong Kong. It is under the governance of its board and is under the monitor of the Secretary for Health of the Hong Kong Government. Its chairman is Henry Fan.
Führerhauptquartier Olga
Führerhauptquartier Olga was a bunker facility part built near the town of Orsha in the Soviet Union during World War II. The facility was built by the organization Todt on the road near Orsha, some 200 kilometers northeast of Minsk, between July and September 1943. The complex consisted of a bunker, some blockhouses and several wooden barracks.

The first discussions on the construction of the facility took place on 20 June 1943 in the Wolfschanze in East Prussia. Further planning took place on site on 27 June 1943. Führerhauptquartier Olga was never completed and abandoned in October 1943 after the end of Operation Zitadelle and the subsequent withdrawal of the German Wehrmacht. By the end of the project, around 400 cubic meters of concrete had been installed and barracks and blockhouses with an area of 3599 square meters had been built. The security bunker complex planned for Hitler was not completed.

Orsha
Orsha (Belarusian: Орша; Russian: Орша, IPA: [ˈorʂə]; Polish: Orsza) is a city in Vitebsk Region, Belarus. It is situated on the fork of the Dnieper River and Arshytsa River, and it serves as the administrative center of Orsha District. As of 2025, it has a population of 101,662.
Yahya Awang
Yahya bin Awang (born 7 September 1950) is a Malaysian cardiothoracic surgeon; born to the former state governor (Yang di-Pertua Negeri) of Pulau Pinang from 1981 to 1989, Awang Hassan and Khadijah Abdul Rahman, sister of Ismail Abdul Rahman, the 2nd Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia. He performed two coronary artery bypass graft surgeries for Mahathir Mohamad, first in 1989 and another in 2007.

He went on to help found and headed the National Heart Institute of Malaysia (Institut Jantung Negara) (IJN) in 1992 and in 1997 he performed the first heart transplantation in Malaysia there.

Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia
The deputy prime minister of Malaysia (Malay: Timbalan Perdana Menteri Malaysia; Jawi: تيمبلن ڤردان منتري مليسيا) is the second-highest political office in Malaysia. There have been 15 officeholders since the office was created in 1957. The first prime minister of Malaysia, Tunku Abdul Rahman, started the convention of appointing a deputy prime minister, but some cabinets have opted not to appoint a deputy prime minister.
Intelligent design and science
The relationship between intelligent design and science has been a contentious one.  Intelligent design (ID) is presented by its proponents as science and claims to offer an alternative to evolution. The Discovery Institute, a politically conservative think tank and the leading proponent of intelligent design, launched a campaign entitled "Teach the Controversy", which claims that a controversy exists within the scientific community over evolution. The scientific community rejects intelligent design as a form of creationism, and the basic facts of evolution are not a matter of controversy in science.

Discovery Institute
The Discovery Institute (DI) is a politically conservative think tank that advocates the pseudoscientific concept of intelligent design (ID). It was founded in 1991 in Seattle as a non-profit offshoot of the Hudson Institute.
It has been denounced as a "propaganda mill" by various prominent critics.

Its "Teach the Controversy" campaign aims to permit the teaching of anti-evolution, intelligent-design arguments in United States public high school science courses in place of accepted scientific theories, positing that a scientific controversy exists over whether evolution is a reality, when in fact there is none.
Calacoto
Calacoto (hispanicized spelling) or Qalaqutu (Aymara qala stone, qutu pile, heap, "stone pile") is a neighborhood in La Paz Municipality, Bolivia.  It is located in the southern part of the city and is considered one of the largest residential zones due to the cost of the houses and the services available.  The population in this neighborhood has a medium to high income level. The zone is located about 15 kilometers from downtown.  Calacoto is located in the central zone of the Zona Sur which is considered the biggest residential area in the country along with Santa Cruz De La Sierra’s Equipetrol and Cochabamba’s Cala Cala.

The demographics of Calacoto are Catholic white and mestizo (Spanish and other European with Aymara and Quechua descent) with middle to high socioeconomic status from all ages.

Ethnic groups in Europe
Europeans are the focus of European ethnology, the field of anthropology related to the various ethnic groups that reside in the states of Europe. Groups may be defined by common ancestry, language, faith, historical continuity, etc. There are no universally accepted and precise definitions of the terms "ethnic group" and "nationality", but in the context of European ethnography in particular, the terms ethnic group, people, nationality and ethno-linguistic group are used as mostly synonymous. Preference may vary in usage with respect to the situation specific to the individual countries of Europe, and the context in which they may be classified by those terms.

The total number of national minority populations in Europe is estimated at 105 million people, or 14% of 770 million Europeans in 2002. The Russians are the most populous among Europeans, with a population of roughly 120 million.
USS Mistletoe
There have been three ships named USS Mistletoe:

USS Mistletoe (1861)—a tug boat that served during the American Civil War

USS Mistletoe (1872)—a wooden tender that served as a patrol boat during World War I

USS Mistletoe (WAGL-237)—a buoy tender built in 1939 that served with the U.S. Coast Guard and later with the U.S. Navy during World War II.

USS Mistletoe (1861)
USS Mistletoe was a steamer purchased by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was planned by the Union Navy for use as a tugboat whose task it was to tow other ships or to free them when they became stuck or otherwise inoperable.

Mistletoe, a small steam tug, was built as Restless at St. Louis, Missouri, in 1861; purchased by the U.S. War Department early in the Civil War for service in the Western Flotilla and renamed; transferred to the Navy at Cairo, Illinois, 30 September 1862; and commissioned 1 October 1862.

Mistletoe served as a tug at the Cairo Naval Base until joining the Mississippi Squadron downriver 7 September 1863.

After the end of the Civil War, she was sold at public auction at Mound City, Illinois, to S. Horner 20 November 1864. She was redocumented as Ella Wood 6 February 1866 and remained in merchant service until 1871.
Whatever the Case May Be
"Whatever the Case May Be" is the twelfth episode of the first season of Lost. It was directed by Jack Bender and written by Damon Lindelof and Jennifer Johnson. It first aired on January 5, 2005, on ABC. The character of Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) is featured in the episode's flashbacks.

Evangeline Lilly
Nicole Evangeline Lilly (born August 3, 1979) is a Canadian actress and author. She gained popularity for her first leading role as Kate Austen in the ABC drama series Lost (2004–2010), which garnered her six nominations for the Saturn Award for Best Actress on Television and a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Drama Series.

Lilly has also appeared in the war film The Hurt Locker (2008) and sports drama Real Steel (2011), and starred as Tauriel in Peter Jackson's The Hobbit film series, appearing in The Desolation of Smaug (2013) and The Battle of the Five Armies (2014). She has since portrayed Hope van Dyne / Wasp in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Lilly is the author of a children's book series The Squickerwonkers.
Andromeda in Chinese astronomy
The modern constellation Andromeda lies across two of the quadrants, symbolized by the Black Tortoise of the North (北方玄武, Běi Fāng Xuán Wǔ) and the White Tiger of the West (西方白虎, Xī Fāng Bái Hǔ), that divide the sky in traditional Chinese uranography.

The name of the western constellation in modern Chinese is 仙女座 (xiān nǚ zuò), meaning "the immortal woman / fairy constellation".

White Tiger (mythology)
The White Tiger (Chinese: 白虎; pinyin: Báihǔ), is one of the Four Symbols of the Chinese constellations. It is sometimes called the White Tiger of the West (西方白虎; Xīfāng Báihǔ). It represents the west in terms of direction and the autumn season.

It is known as Byakko in Japanese, Baekho in Korean, and Bạch Hổ in Vietnamese.
Dominique Perras
Dominique Perras is a Canadian retired professional cyclist born in Napierville, Quebec. He was part of the pro peloton from 2000 to 2008, and his major accomplishments have been stage wins on the Herald Sun Tour and the Tour of Qinghai Lake, and a victory on the Canadian Road Race Championship in 2003. In 2012, Perras is a cycling analyst on Quebec's television stations RDS and RDS2 with Louis Bertrand as commentator. Since 2014 the commentator is Sébastien Boucher.

Napierville
Napierville (French pronunciation: [napjɛʁvil]) is a municipality in the  Jardins de Napierville Regional County Municipality in Quebec, Canada, situated in the Montérégie administrative region. The population as of the 2021 Canadian Census was 4,020. It is the location of the seat of the Jardins de Napierville Regional County Municipality. It is surrounded by the municipality of Saint-Cyprien-de-Napierville.
CER-001
CER-001 is a recombinant high-density lipoprotein (HDL) mimetic that has orphan drug status. It is in early-stage clinical trials for the potential treatment of hypoalphalipoproteinaemia, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), acute kidney injury (AKI), atherosclerosis and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency. CER-001 is also under investigation as possible agent for treating hyperinflammatory states based on lipid profile alterations due to COVID-19.

Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency
Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency is a disorder of lipoprotein metabolism. The disease has two forms: Familial LCAT deficiency, in which there is complete LCAT deficiency, and Fish-eye disease, in which there is a partial deficiency.

Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase catalyzes the formation of cholesterol esters in lipoproteins.
Christine Wilhelmine of Hesse-Homburg
Landgravine Christine Wilhelmine of Hesse-Homburg (30 June 1653, in Bingenheim – 16 May 1722, in Grabow) was a German noblewoman, the elder daughter of William Christoph, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg and his first wife Sophia Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt. Upon her marriage she became the Duchess of Mecklenburg-Grabow. Her great-grandson was Ivan VI of Russia.

Grabow
Grabow (German pronunciation: [ˈɡʁaːboː] ⓘ) is a town in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. The town lies 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) southeast of Ludwigslust, the next city, and has the river Elde passing through its old town which is characterized by 16th century timber-framed architecture. Additionally, Grabow is a member and the seat of the Amt Grabow collective municipality as well as being a part of the  Hamburg Metropolitan Region. Historically, Grabow was home to a royal residence where some monarchs of the Mecklenburg line were born.