hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gadsby (novel)
Gadsby is a 1939 novel by Ernest Vincent Wright, written without words that contain the letter E, the most common letter in English. A work that deliberately avoids certain letters is known as a lipogram. The plot revolves around the dying fictional city of Branton Hills, which is revitalized as a result of the efforts of protagonist John Gadsby and a youth organizer.

Though vanity published and little noticed in its time, the book has since become a favorite of fans of constrained writing and is a sought-after rarity among some book collectors. The first edition carries on the title page and cover the subtitle A Story of Over 50,000 Words Without Using the Letter "E" (with the variant 50,000 Word Novel Without the Letter "E" on the dust jacket), sometimes dropped from late reprints.

E
E, or e, is the fifth letter and the second vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is e (pronounced /ˈiː/ ⓘ); plural es, Es, or E's.

It is the most commonly used letter in many languages, including Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Hungarian, Latin, Latvian, Norwegian, Spanish, and Swedish.
Ammajan (song)
"Ammajan" is a Bengali film music released in 1999. This song was used in the 1999 film Ammajan, directed by Kazi Hayat. Ayub Bachchu was the singer, while Ahmed Imtiaz Bulbul composed the song. The song was picturized on Shabnam and Manna, with Manna lip-syncing to the song. Through this song, Bachchu became popular in Bengali films.

Ahmed Imtiaz Bulbul
Ahmed Imtiaz Bulbul (1 January 1956 – 22 January 2019) was a Bangladeshi lyricist, composer and music director, active since the late 1970s. He was a freedom fighter who joined the Bangladesh Liberation War at the age of 15. He won Ekushey Padak and Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Music Director twice for the films Premer Taj Mahal
(2001) and Hajar Bachhor Dhore (2005).
John Wellington
Christianity portal

Cornwall portal

The Right Reverend John Wellington  was an Anglican missionary bishop in China during the first half of the 20th century.

Born into an ecclesiastical family on 28 December 1889, he was the son of the Reverend G. Wellington. Educated at Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Wimborne and at Salisbury Theological College, he was ordained in 1913. He served as curate at St Martin's, Salisbury before heading to China as a missionary. He was in Shandong until 1935 when he returned to England as  Vicar of  Holy Trinity, Bedford. From 1940 to 1950 he served as the last Anglican Bishop of Shantung (before the Church was nationalised by the Communists). During the Second World War, he was interned by Japanese in China, and released in 1945. Returning to England, he was Vicar of St Germans, Cornwall and Assistant Bishop of Truro; and, in 1953, became Archdeacon of Bodmin. Retiring in 1960, he died on 11 September 1976.

Bedford
Bedford is a market town in Bedfordshire, England. At the 2021 Census, the population of its urban area was 167,446. Bedford is the county town of Bedfordshire and seat of the Borough of Bedford local government district.

Bedford was founded at a ford on the River Great Ouse and is thought to have been the burial place of King Offa of Mercia, who is remembered for building Offa's Dyke on the Welsh border. Bedford Castle was built by Henry I, although it was destroyed in 1224. Bedford was granted borough status in 1166 and has been represented in Parliament since 1265. It is known for its large population of Italian descent.
2026 Bengaluru Open – Doubles
Anirudh Chandrasekar and Ray Ho were the defending champions but only Chandrasekar chose to defend his title, partnering Arjun Kadhe. They lost in the first round to Max Houkes and Niels Visker.

Nicolás Barrientos and Benjamin Kittay won the title after defeating Arthur Reymond and Luca Sanchez 7–6(11–9), 7–5 in the final.

Luca Sanchez
Luca Sanchez (born 18 March 1999) is a French tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 86 achieved on 29 January 2024 and a singles ranking of No. 1875 achieved on 4 January 2021.
HMS Cynthia
Five ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Cynthia. A sixth was planned but never completed:

HMS Cynthia (1796) was an 18-gun sloop launched in 1796 and broken up in 1809.

HMS Cynthia (1810) was a 16-gun sloop listed between 1810 and 1815.

HMS Cynthia (1826) was the Falmouth, Cornwall Post Office Packet Service packet brig Prince Regent, launched in 1821, that the Navy purchased in 1826, and renamed when it took over the packet service. She was wrecked off Barbados on 6 June 1827.

HMS Cynthia was to have been a Rosario-class wooden screw sloop. She was laid down in 1861 but cancelled in 1863.

HMS Cynthia (1898) was a destroyer launched in 1898, classified as a D-class destroyer in 1913 and sold in 1920.

HMS Cynthia (J345) was a Catherine-class minesweeper launched in 1943 and transferred to the Royal Navy under lend-lease. She was returned to the US Navy in 1947.

Falmouth, Cornwall
Falmouth (/ˈfælməθ/ FAL-məth; Cornish (SWF): Aberfala) is a town, civil parish and port on the River Fal on the south coast of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.

Falmouth was founded in 1613 by the Killigrew family on a site near the existing Pendennis Castle. It developed as a port on the Carrick Roads harbour, overshadowing the earlier town of Penryn. In the 19th century after the arrival of the railways, tourism became important to its economy. In modern times, both industries maintain a presence in Falmouth and the town is also home to the National Maritime Museum Cornwall, a campus of Falmouth University and Falmouth Art Gallery. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 24,032.
Pras (Thessaly)
Pras (Ancient Greek: Πρᾶς) was a town of Phthiotis in ancient Thessaly, a little south of Pharsalus. Agesilaus, on his return from Asia in 394 BCE, gained a victory over the Thessalian cavalry nearby. The Thessalians, after their defeat, took refuge on Mount Narthacium, between which and Pras, Agesilaus set up a trophy. On the following day he crossed the mountains of the Achaean Phthiotis.

Its site is unlocated.

Farsala
Farsala (Greek: Φάρσαλα), known in Antiquity as Pharsalos (Ancient Greek: Φάρσαλος, Latin: Pharsālus), is a town in southern Thessaly, in Greece. Farsala is located in the southern part of Larissa regional unit, and is one of its largest settlements. Farsala is an economic and agricultural centre of the region. Cotton and livestock are the main agricultural products, and many inhabitants are employed in the production of textile. The area is mostly famous for being the birthplace of the mythical ancient Greek hero Achilles, and the site of a major battle between Roman generals Gaius Julius Caesar and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus in 48 BC.
Burning of Solevu and Tye
The Burning of Solevu and Tye was the first of two punitive expeditions that during the 1840 Fiji expedition of the overall United States Exploring Expedition (a.k.a. the Wilkes Expedition or the Ex. Ex.) between the United States Navy and Marine Corps vs the aforementioned Fijian villages. The catalyst for the burning occurred when a two boat American survey party led by  Lieutenant Oliver Hazard Perry, Jr. (of the Perry Family) and passed midshipman Samuel R. Knox were attacked and robbed of one of their boats by a group of natives in Solevu bay 20 miles southeast of Bua by on Vanua Levu. Wilkes attempted to negotiate with the natives and succeeded in acquiring the boat. However when it was discovered that none of the surveying equipment or the men's possessions were included in the boat, he ordered that the villages of Solevu and the nearby village of Tye be put to the torch.: 253–278 : 203–204 : 209–212

Vanua Levu
Vanua Levu (pronounced [βaˈnua ˈleβu], lit. 'Big Land', Fiji Hindi: वानुआ लेवु), formerly known as Sandalwood Island, is the second largest island of Fiji. Located 64 kilometres (40 miles) to the north of the larger Viti Levu, the island has an area of 5,587.1 square kilometres (2,157.2 sq mi) and a population of approximately 160,000 as of 2022.
Iowa Oaks (Prairie Meadows)
The Iowa Oaks is a Listed American Thoroughbred horse race for three years old fillies, over a distance of 1+1⁄16 miles on the dirt held annually in early July at Prairie Meadows in Altoona, Iowa. As of 2025 the event carried a purse of US$225,000.

Altoona, Iowa
Altoona is a city in Polk County, Iowa, United States, and part of the Des Moines metropolitan area. The population was 19,565 at the 2020 census.  It is home to the Adventureland amusement park and Prairie Meadows horse racing track and casino.
2008 Maimbung kidnappings
The 2008 Maimbung kidnappings were a terrorist incident in the Philippines in June 2008, where ABS-CBN journalist Ces Drilon and news cameramen Jimmy Encarnacion and Angelo Valderrama were abducted in Sulu by al-Qaeda-linked Abu Sayyaf militants.

Philippine National Police
The Philippine National Police (PNP; Filipino: Pambansang Pulisya ng Pilipinas) is the national police force of the Philippines. Its national headquarters is located at Camp Crame in Bagong Lipunan ng Crame, Quezon City. Currently, it has approximately 228,000 personnel to police a population in excess of 100 million.

The agency is administered and controlled by the National Police Commission and is part of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Local police officers are operationally controlled by city or municipal mayors. DILG, on the other hand, organizes, trains and equips the PNP for the performance of police functions as a police force that is national in scope and civilian in character.

The PNP was formed on January 29, 1991, when the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated National Police were merged pursuant to Republic Act 6975 of 1990.
Etlingera rosamariae
Etlingera rosamariae is a monocotyledonous plant species described by Axel Dalberg Poulsen and Gobilik. Etlingera rosamariae is part of the genus Etlingera and the family Zingiberaceae. No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life.

Axel Dalberg Poulsen
Axel Dalberg Poulsen (7 April 1961, Holbaek, Denmark) is a Danish botanist, taxonomist and naturalist. His research interests are the flora of Denmark and its surroundings, taxonomy and evolution of gingers in a wide sense (families in the Ginger Order Zingiberales).
Robert Baulon
Robert Baulon (21 October 1930 – January 2011) was a French international rugby union player.

A native of Boucau, Baulon was primarily a flanker and trained at Boucau Stade.

Baulon played his senior rugby for Boucau Stade, Stade Montois, CS Vienne and Aviron Bayonnais. He was capped 18 times for France from 1954 to 1957, which included two successful Five Nations campaigns. His 30 metre dash down the touchline set up the only try of France's historic win over the All Blacks in 1954. He was a member of the French squad on the 1958 tour of South Africa, but didn't play against the Springboks.

Aviron Bayonnais
Aviron Bayonnais (AB, Basque: Baionako Arrauna), commonly called Bayonne, is a French rugby union club from Bayonne (Baiona in Basque) in Pyrénées-Atlantiques which competes in the Top 14, the top tier of the French league system.
Founded in 1904, they play at the Parc des Sports, also known as Stade Jean-Dauger, in Bayonne. 
The club mascot is a pottok pony called pottoka. They have ties to the French Basque community.
Port Nolloth
Port Nolloth is a town and seaport in the Namaqualand region on the northwestern coast of South Africa, 144 kilometres (89 mi) northwest of Springbok. It is the seat of the Richtersveld Local Municipality.

The port was previously a transshipment point for copper from the Okiep mines and diamonds from the Namaqua coast. Since the 1970s, the main seagoing activities have been fishing and small-vessel tourism. Today the town is a commercial hub with several holiday homes and a caravan park at the adjacent McDougalls Bay. It is also a gateway to the Richtersveld National Park, located 160 kilometres (99 mi) to the north along the Orange River.

Copper extraction
Copper extraction is the multi-stage process of obtaining copper from its ores. The conversion of copper ores consists of a series of physical, chemical, and electrochemical processes. Methods have evolved and vary with country depending on the ore source, local environmental regulations, and other factors. The copper smelters with the highest production capacity (metric tons of copper yearly) lie in China, Chile, India, Germany, Japan, Peru and Russia. China alone has over half of the world's production capacity and is also the world's largest consumer of refined copper.

Precious metals and sulfuric acid are often valuable by-products of copper refining. Arsenic is the main type of impurity found in copper concentrates to enter smelting facilities. There has been an increase in arsenic in copper concentrates over the years since shallow, low-arsenic copper deposits have been progressively depleted.
PSLV-C3
PSLV-C3 was the third operational launch and overall sixth mission of the PSLV program. This launch was also the forty-sixth launch by Indian Space Research Organisation since its first mission on 1 January 1962. The vehicle carried three satellites which were deployed in the Sun-synchronous Low Earth orbit. The vehicle carried Technology Experiment Satellite (Indian experimental Earth observation satellite), BIRD (German Earth observation satellite) and PROBA (experimental satellite from Belgium). This was India's and ISRO's second commercial spaceflight. PSLV-C3 was launched at 10:23 a.m. IST on 22 October 2001 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre  (then called "Sriharikota Range").

Sun-synchronous orbit
A Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO), also called a heliosynchronous orbit, is a nearly polar orbit around a planet, in which the satellite passes over any given point of the planet's surface at the same local mean solar time. More technically, it is an orbit arranged so that it precesses through one complete revolution each year, so it always maintains the same relationship with the Sun.
2011 Citi Open
The 2011 Citi Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 1st edition of the Citi Open, and was a part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2011 WTA Tour. It took place at the College Park, Maryland in Washington, D.C., United States, from July 26 through July 31, 2011. Nadia Petrova won the singles title.

WTA International tournaments
The WTA International tournaments was a category for tennis tournaments of the Women's Tennis Association from the 2009 WTA Tour until 2020, which replaced the previous Tier III and Tier IV categories. As of 2021, these events have been reclassified as WTA 250 tournaments. The winner of a WTA 250 tournament adds 250 points to her WTA ranking.

For the 2025 season, there were 21 WTA 250, all knock-out tournaments with a prize money for every event at $275,094.
Chekkeranoru Chilla
Chekkeran Oru Chilla (transl. A branch to perch on) is a 1986 Indian Malayalam-language drama film directed by Sibi Malayil, written by ranjan roy and screenplay and dialogue by Priyadarshan, and produced by Shankar. It is a remake of the 1981 Bengali film Saheb. The film stars Shankar, along with Bharath Gopi, Ambika, and Nedumudi Venu. The film has musical score by Shyam.

Nedumudi Venu
Kesavan Venugopal (22 May 1948 – 11 October 2021), better known by his stage name Nedumudi Venu, was an Indian actor and screenwriter from Kerala, who predominantly worked in Malayalam cinema. He acted in more than 500 films, primarily in Malayalam and also in Tamil, in a career spanning nearly five decades. He wrote screenplays and directed one film. Nedumudi Venu won three National Film Awards, three Filmfare Award South and six Kerala State Film Awards for his performances in various movies.
Caroline Zhang
Caroline Zhao Zhang (born May 20, 1993) is an American figure skater. She is a two-time (2010 and 2012) Four Continents bronze medalist, the 2007 World Junior Champion, the 2006 Junior Grand Prix Final champion, and a three-time U.S. national medalist (bronze in 2009, pewter in 2008 and 2012).

Flip jump
The flip jump (also called the flip, and formerly the toe salchow) is a figure skating jump. The International Skating Union (ISU) defines a flip jump as "a toe jump that takes off from a back inside edge and lands on the back outside edge of the opposite foot". It is executed with assistance from the toe of the free foot.
The Awesomes
The Awesomes is an American adult animated sitcom created by Seth Meyers and Mike Shoemaker for Hulu. Meyers and Shoemaker serve as executive producers alongside Lorne Michaels. It debuted on August 1, 2013 and ended on November 3, 2015.

Emily Spivey
Emily Spivey (born September 29, 1971) is an American television writer and producer. She is best known as the creator of the series Up All Night and Bless the Harts. She previously worked as a staff writer on Saturday Night Live from 2001 to 2010. She won an Emmy Award in 2002 and a WGA Award in 2008, both for her work on Saturday Night Live.
Hans Neugebauer
Hans Edgar Neugebauer (17 November 1916 in Karlsruhe – 30 July 1994 in Cologne) was a German opera director, set designer, and operatic bass.

Neugebauer was the son of opera singer Helmuth Neugebauer. After graduating from high school, he studied music, voice and stage design.

Neugebauer also directed the world premiere of Zimmermann's opera Die Soldaten in Cologne in 1965.

Die Soldaten
Die Soldaten (The Soldiers) is a four-act opera in German by Bernd Alois Zimmermann, based on the 1776 play by Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz. In a letter accompanying his newly printed play (23 July 1776, aged 24) that he sent to his best friend, the German philosopher Johann Gottfried von Herder, Lenz described himself as "an enigma to even his most precious friends", while saying of the play, "Here, into your holy hands, the piece which carries half of my existence.  [The ideas it contains are] true and will remain so, even if centuries may walk contemptuously across my skull".

Zimmermann wrote and revised his opera in phases between 1957 and 1964; it was premiered in 1965 and dedicated to Hans Rosbaud. Zimmermann himself faithfully adapted the play into the libretto, the only changes to the text being repeats and small cuts. It is the composer's only completed opera and is considered an important work of the second half of the 20th century.
Sigtuna väravad
Sigtuna väravad (English: The Gates of Sigtuna) is a compilation of novels by Estonian author Karl Ristikivi. It was first published in 1968 in Lund, Sweden by Eesti Kirjanike Kooperatiiv (Estonian Writers' Cooperative). In Estonia it was published in 2004.

Lund
Lund (/lʊnd/, US also /lʌnd/ LU(U)ND; Swedish: [ˈlɵnːd] ⓘ) is a city in the province of Scania, southern Sweden. The town had 94,393 inhabitants out of a municipal total of 130,288 as of 2023. It is the seat of Lund Municipality, Scania County. The Öresund Region, which includes Lund, is home to more than 4.2 million people.

Archeologists date the founding of Lund to around 990, when Scania was part of Denmark. From 1103 it was the seat of the Catholic Archdiocese of Lund, and the towering Lund Cathedral, built c. 1090–1145, still stands at the centre of the town. Denmark ceded the city to Sweden in the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658.

Lund University, established in 1666, is one of Scandinavia's oldest and largest institutions for education and research.  The university and its buildings dominate much of the centre of the city, and have led to Lund becoming a regional centre for high-tech industry.
25th United States Colored Infantry Regiment
The 25th United States Colored Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The regiment was composed of African American enlisted men commanded by white officers and was authorized by the Bureau of Colored Troops which was created by the United States War Department on May 22, 1863.

Bureau of Colored Troops
The Bureau of Colored Troops was created by the United States War Department on May 22, 1863, under General Order No. 143, during the Civil War, to handle "all matters relating to the organization of colored troops." Major Charles Warren Foster was chief of the Bureau, which reported to Adjutant General Lorenzo Thomas. The designation United States Colored Troops replaced the varied state titles that had been given to the African-American soldiers.
Delhi Territory
The Delhi Territory was an administrative region of British India which comprised Delhi plus Gurgaon, Hissar, Sirsa, Karnal and Rohtak districts lying primarily to mostly the west of the Yamuna River—and later formed part of southern Punjab Province in 1858.

Gurgaon district
Gurgaon district, officially known as Gurugram district, is one of the 22 districts of Haryana in northern India. The city of Gurgaon is the administrative headquarters of the district. The population is 1,514,432. It is one of the southern districts of Haryana. On its north, it is bounded by the district of Jhajjar and the Union Territory of Delhi. Faridabad district lies to its east. To its south lie the districts of Palwal and Nuh. To the west lies Rewari district.
Qilu Bank
Qilu Bank Co., Ltd. (SSE: 601665) is a city commercial bank in mainland China, formed through the merger of Shandong Provincial Commercial Bank and Jinan City Commercial Bank. The head office is located in Jinan, Shandong, with branches established in all 16 prefecture-level cities within the province and outside the province in Beijing, Tianjin, Zhengzhou, Kaifeng (including Lankao County), Lianyungang, Xuzhou, Nanjing, and Shanghai.

Lankao County
Lankao County (simplified Chinese: 兰考县; traditional Chinese: 蘭考縣; pinyin: Lánkǎo Xiàn) is a county of Kaifeng, Henan, China. It has an area of 1,116 km2 (431 sq mi) and a population of 760,000.

It was the site of the Battle of Lanfeng during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
Tjalf Sparnaay
Tjalf Sparnaay (born 1954) is a Dutch artist, photographer, illustrator and painter. Born in Haarlem, Tjalf lived with his parents for much of his younger years. Sparnaay was educated to become a sports teacher and became a selftaught painter and amateur photographer from about 1980. Before becoming an established artist, Sparnaay made postcards to earn money. Tjalf Sparnaay once lived in Drenthe, and later moved to  Hilversum. He calls himself a painter and businessman.

Hilversum
Hilversum (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦɪlvərsʏm] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the province of North Holland, Netherlands. Located in the heart of the Gooi, it is the largest urban centre in that area. It is surrounded by heathland, woods, meadows, lakes and smaller towns. Hilversum is part of the Randstad, one of the largest conurbations in Europe, and the Amsterdam metropolitan area; it is about 22 km southeast of Amsterdam's city centre and about 15 km north of Utrecht.

The city is home to several major radio, television, and newspaper companies such as NOS. Hilversum is thus known for being the mediastad (media city) of the Netherlands.