hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Griggs v. Duke Power Co.
Griggs v. Duke Power Co., 401 U.S. 424 (1971), was a court case argued before the Supreme Court of the United States on December 14, 1970. It concerned employment discrimination and the disparate impact theory, and was decided on March 8, 1971. It is generally considered the first case of its type.

The Supreme Court ruled that the company's employment requirements did not pertain to applicants' ability to perform the job, and so were unintentionally discriminating against black employees. The judgment famously held that "Congress has now provided that tests or criteria for employment or promotion may not provide equality of opportunity merely in the sense of the fabled offer of milk to the stork and the fox."

Employment discrimination
Employment discrimination is a form of illegal discrimination in the workplace based on legally protected characteristics. In the U.S., federal anti-discrimination law prohibits discrimination by employers against employees based on age, race, gender, sex (including pregnancy, sexual orientation, and gender identity), religion, national origin, and physical or mental disability. State and local laws often protect additional characteristics such as marital status, veteran status and caregiver/familial status. Earnings differentials or occupational differentiation—where differences in pay come from differences in qualifications or responsibilities—should not be confused with employment discrimination. Discrimination can be intended and involve disparate treatment of a group or be unintended, yet create disparate impact for a group.
Brian Manker
Brian Manker is the Principal Cellist of the Montreal Symphony Orchestra in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and cellist of the New Orford String Quartet and the Adorno Quartet.  Manker has performed throughout North America as a member of the Harrington String Quartet, the Cassatt Quartet, and the Atlanta Chamber Players.

Manker is on the faculty of the Schulich School of Music of McGill University in Montreal. He has also taught at West Texas State University (now West Texas A&M University) and Emory University.

Manker plays a cello made by Pietro Guarneri of Venice in 1729. as well as a cello made by Samuel Zygmuntowicz in 2005.

Pietro Guarneri
Pietro Guarnieri  (14 April 1695 – 7 April 1762) was an Italian luthier. Sometimes referred to as Pietro da Venezia, he was the son of Giuseppe Giovanni Battista Guarneri, filius Andreae, and the last of the Guarneri house of violin-makers

Guarnieri lived in Cremona with his father until 1717. Finding life in Casa Guarnieri in some way uncongenial, he left Cremona for good in 1717. The master arrived and settled in Venice 1717. Here he blended the Cremonese techniques of his father with Venetian, working with Comel, Gobbetti and Tononi. The Venetian makers of the same period were Matteo Goffriller, Carlo Annibale Tononi, Francesco Gobbetti, Domenico Montagnana and  Sanctus Seraphin. He married Angiola Maria Ferrari on 5 April 1728, with  whom he had eleven children.

His first original labels from Venice date from 1721. His instruments are rare and as highly prized as those of his father and uncle.
Charles Kabugo
Charles Kabugo is a senior consultant internal medicine physician in the Uganda Ministry of Health. He is the executive director of Kiruddu General Hospital, in Makindye Division, in the south of Kampala, the capital and largest city of Uganda. He was appointed to that position on 9 August 2018.

Ministry of Health (Uganda)
The Ministry of Health is a cabinet-level government ministry of Uganda. It is responsible for planning, delivering, and maintaining an efficient and effective healthcare delivery system, including preventive, curative, and rehabilitative services, in a humane, affordable, and sustainable manner. The ministry is headed by Minister of Health Jane Aceng.
Endovascular and hybrid trauma and bleeding management
Endovascular and hybrid trauma and bleeding management  is a new and rapidly evolving concept within medical healthcare and endovascular resuscitation. It involves early multidisciplinary evaluation and management of hemodynamically unstable patients with traumatic injuries as well as being a bridge to definitive treatment. It has recently been shown that the EVTM concept may also be applied to non-traumatic hemodynamically unstable patients.

Resuscitation
Resuscitation is the process of correcting physiological disorders (such as lack of breathing or heartbeat) in an acutely ill patient.  It is an important part of intensive care medicine, anesthesiology, trauma surgery and emergency medicine.  Well-known examples are cardiopulmonary resuscitation and mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.

Adequate resuscitation and end-organ perfusion is best indicated by urine output of 0.5-1 mL/kg/h. For the average adult male weighing ~70 kg this would mean a urine output of 35 mL/h (70 x 0.5 = 35 mL/h). Heart rate, mental status, and capillary refill may be affected by underlying disease processes and are thus less reliable markers for adequate resuscitation.
Robert Mossom (priest)
Christianity portal

Robert Mossom, grandson of Robert Mossom, Bishop of Derry and Professor of Divinity at Trinity College, Dublin,  was Dean of Ossory from 1703 until 1747: he was also Vicar general of the diocese.

Divinity (academic discipline)
Divinity is the study of Christian theology and ministry at a school, divinity school, university, or seminary.  The term is sometimes a synonym for theology as an academic, speculative pursuit, and sometimes is used for the study of applied theology and ministry to make a distinction between that and academic theology.

While it most often refers to Christian study which is linked with the professional degrees for ordained ministry or related work, it is also used in an academic setting by other faith traditions. For example, in many traditional British public schools and universities, the term is often used in place of Religious Studies, which deals with religion more broadly, to describe classes that include theology and philosophy in the context of religion as a whole, rather than just the Christian tradition.
Ian Redford (actor)
Ian Leslie Redford (born 6 April 1951 in Carshalton, Surrey) is an English actor who has featured on stage, in film and on television in various roles.

These include leads in several series A Raging Calm by Stan Barstow, The House of Eliott, September Song, The Men's Room, Rooms, County Hall, Medics and Moon and Son as well as guesting in Thriller, Peak Practice, Foyle's War, Casualty, Crown Prosecutor, Spender, Wycliffe, Lovejoy, Doctors, The Broker's Man, One Foot in the Grave, Van der Valk, Midsomer Murders, Dramarama, Under the Hammer, William and Mary, Empire, Heartbeat, The Chase, New Tricks, Minder, Boon, The Bill, Bergerac, Shelley and Hannay. Redford's roles include Keith Appleyard in Coronation Street during 2005 and 2006. During 1990–91 he played the role of Ken Raynor in BBC's EastEnders.

The Broker's Man
The Broker's Man  is a BBC British television drama series centred on the work of Jimmy Griffin, an ex-detective who applies his skills as a fraud investigator for an insurance company. Produced by Bentley Productions for BBC One, the series starred Kevin Whately as Griffin and ran for two series from 17 June 1997 to 27 August 1998. The series was filmed in the intermittent years of Whately's portrayal of Inspector Lewis in both Inspector Morse and Lewis. The complete series was released on DVD by Acorn Media UK on 4 February 2008. Each episode was a self-contained 90-minute story.
Jack Bamber
John Bamber (11 April 1895 – 26 May 1973) was an English footballer who played as a half back for Liverpool, Leicester City, Tranmere Rovers and Prescot Cables, as well as for the England national side.

Prescot Cables F.C.
Prescot Cables Football Club is a supporter-owned football club based in Prescot, Merseyside. It was established in 1884 and has also been known as Prescot and Prescot Town. They compete in the Northern Premier League Premier Division and play their home games at Valerie Park. They are a member of the Liverpool County Football Association.

The "Cables" in their name came from the largest local employer in Prescot, British Insulated Cables, which was founded in 1890 as the British Insulated Wire Company, and later became part of British Insulated Callender's Cables. Prescot Wire Works were founder members of the Liverpool County Football Combination league and were runners three times in the years leading up to the First World War.
Elphinstone Barchard
Elphinstone Barchard (15 February 1827 – 19 October 1893) was an English barrister and cricketer. He played nine first-class matches for Cambridge University Cricket Club between 1846 and 1848.

He was born at Lewes, East Sussex, the second son of Francis Barchard of Horsted. His mother was Jane Piggott, daughter of Elphinstone Piggott, Chief Justice and a plantation owner on Tobago, and niece of Arthur Piggott. He was educated at Winchester College, and matriculated at Trinity College, Cambridge in 1845, graduating B.A. in 1849 and M.A. 1852. He was admitted to Lincoln's Inn in 1849, and was called to the bar there in 1853.

Barchard married in 1860 Catherine Barwell, daughter of Capt. Barwell R.N. of Brighton (elsewhere 1861, Katherine, Barwill).

Lewes
Lewes (/ˈluːɪs/ ⓘ) is the county town of East Sussex, England. The town is the administrative centre of the wider district of the same name. It lies on the River Ouse at the point where the river cuts through the South Downs.

A traditional market town and centre of communications, in 1264 it was the site of the Battle of Lewes. The town's landmarks include Lewes Castle, Lewes Priory, Bull House (the former home of Thomas Paine), Southover Grange and public gardens, and a 16th-century timber-framed Wealden hall house known as Anne of Cleves House. Other notable features of the area include the Glyndebourne festival, the Lewes Bonfire celebrations and the Lewes Pound.
Bjarne Hurlen
Bjarne Hurlen (13 October 1915 – 19 November 1998) was a Norwegian military officer, engineer and industrialist.

He was born in Ålesund to Johan B. Hurlen and Emma Hildre. In 1943 he married Oline Oseasen Midthassel.

Hurlen served as chief executive of Kongsberg Våpenfabrikk from 1956 to 1975, and from 1962 to 1972 also chief executive of Raufoss Ammunisjonsfabrikker. He was decorated Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav in 1964, and was a Knight of the Swedish Order of Vasa.

Order of St. Olav
The Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav (Norwegian: Den Kongelige Norske Sankt Olavs Orden; or Sanct Olafs Orden, the old Norwegian name) is a Norwegian order of chivalry instituted by King Oscar I on 21 August 1847. It is named after King Olav II, known to posterity as St. Olav.

Just before the union with Sweden was dissolved in 1905, the Order of the Norwegian Lion was instituted in 1904 by King Oscar II, but no appointments were awarded by his successor, King Haakon VII. The Order of St. Olav thus became the kingdom's only order of chivalry for the next 80 years. The Grand Master of the order is the reigning monarch of Norway. It is used to reward individuals for remarkable accomplishments on behalf of the country and humanity. Since 1985, appointments to the order have only been conferred upon Norwegian citizens, though foreign heads of state and royalty may be appointed as a matter of courtesy.
SIG Sauer P220
The SIG Sauer P220 is a semi-automatic pistol designed in 1975 by the SIG Arms AG division of Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft (now SIG Holding AG), and produced by J. P. Sauer & Sohn, in Eckernförde. It is currently manufactured by both SIG Sauer companies: SIG Sauer GmbH, of Eckernförde, Germany; and SIG Sauer, Inc., of New Hampshire, United States.

Picatinny rail
The Picatinny rail (MIL-STD-1913 rail or 1913 rail) is an American rail integration system designed by Richard Swan that provides a mounting platform for firearm accessories. It forms part of the NATO standard STANAG 2324 rail. It was originally used for mounting of telescopic sights atop the receivers of larger caliber rifles.

Once established as United States Military Standard, its use expanded to also attaching other accessories, such as: iron sights, tactical lights, laser sights, night-vision devices, reflex sights, holographic sights, foregrips, bipods, slings and bayonets.

An updated version of the rail is adopted as a NATO standard as the STANAG 4694 NATO Accessory Rail.
Aiko Sugihara
Aiko Sugihara (杉原 愛子, Sugihara Aiko; born (1999-09-19)19 September 1999) is a Japanese female artistic gymnast. She is the 2025 world champion on floor exercise, and bronze medalist on balance beam. She is the 2015 and 2025 Asian all-around champion, also winning team gold in 2015, and a 2019 Summer Universiade team gold medalist. She represented Japan at the 2016 and 2020 Olympic Games.

2019 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 2019 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships was held in Stuttgart, Germany from October 4–13, 2019. The championships took place at the Hanns-Martin-Schleyer-Halle, and was the third time the city of Stuttgart hosted the event following the 1989 and 2007 editions, and the fifth time Germany hosted it.

As of October 2, 92 federations registered gymnasts for the event with a total of 288 men and 259 women.

Sam Mikulak of the United States and Mélanie de Jesus dos Santos of France won the Longines Prize for Elegance. Both mark a first for their respective countries: de Jesus dos Santos is the first gymnast from France to win this prize, and Mikulak is the first male gymnast from the United States to win one.
Allied Deals Inc.
Allied Deals was an American company specializing in the trade-brokerage of non-ferrous metals and widely acknowledged as one of the biggest cases of Ponzi scheme bank fraud. The scheme collapsed in 2002. 14 people were convicted in the United States, and three in the United Kingdom. This included brothers Narendra and Virendra Rastogi, who controlled the company.

The company, along with affiliates Hampton Lane, SAI Commodity, and RBG Resources, operated a Ponzi scheme in the United States and the United Kingdom on a virtually unprecedented scale, and defrauded approximately 20 banks out of $683 USD million. Victims included J.P. Morgan Chase, Fleet National Bank, PNC Bank, KBC Bank, Hypo Vereins Bank, Dresdner Bank, China Trust Bank, and General Bank.

Allied Deals Inc. was based in Piscataway, New Jersey.

Associate company
An associate company (or associate) in accounting and business valuation is a company in which another company owns a significant portion of voting shares, usually 20–50%. In this case, an owner does not consolidate the associate's financial statements. Ownership of over 50% creates a subsidiary, with its financial statements being consolidated into the parent's books. Associate value is reported in the balance sheet as an asset, the investor's proportional share of the associate's income is reported in the income statement and dividends from the ownership decrease the value on the balance sheet. In Europe, investments into associate companies are called fixed financial assets.

Associate value in the enterprise value equation is the reciprocate of minority interest.

Under the UK Companies Act 2006, two companies are "associated" if one company is a subsidiary of the other or both are subsidiaries of the same body corporate.
Alaa Abdul-Zahra
Alaa Abdul-Zahra Khashen Al-Azzawi (Arabic: علاء عبدالزهرة خشَن العزاوي , born 22 December 1987), is an Iraqi football player who plays as a forward for Iraq Stars League club Al-Talaba and for the Iraq national team.

He can be deployed as an attacking midfielder or a second striker, and since 2016 plays as a striker. He is the third-most capped player in the history of the Iraqi national team.

2018–19 Iraqi Premier League
The 2018–19 Iraqi Premier League (Arabic: الدوري العراقي الممتاز 2018–19) was the 45th season of the Iraqi Premier League, the highest division for Iraqi association football clubs, since its establishment in 1974. The season started on 14 September 2018 and ended on 24 July 2019.

A two-horse title race ensued for most of the season and Al-Shorta ended up as champions by finishing five points ahead of Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya at the top of the table. During this season, Al-Shorta managed to equal the record of 39 consecutive Iraqi Premier League matches undefeated set by Al-Zawraa in 1994. The club's manager Nebojša Jovović became the first manager from Europe to win the Iraqi Premier League title.
Kozhukhovo, Mezhdurechensky District, Vologda Oblast
Kozhukhovo (Russian: Кожухово) is a rural locality (a village) in Turovetskoye Rural Settlement, Mezhdurechensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 68 as of 2002. There are 3 streets.

Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast (Russian: Вологодская область, romanized: Vologodskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [vəlɐˈɡotskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]; Veps: Vologdan agj) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is Vologda. The oblast has a population of 1,202,444 (2010 Census). The largest city is Cherepovets, the home of the Severstal metallurgical plant, the largest industrial enterprise in the oblast.

Vologda Oblast is home to many historic monuments, such as the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, Ferapontov Monastery (a World Heritage Site) with the frescoes of Dionisius, the two medieval towns of Velikiy Ustyug and Belozersk, and the baroque churches of Totma and Ustyuzhna.

Large reserves of wood and fresh water are the main natural resources.
BASE Productions
BASE Productions is a production company founded in 1992 by John Brenkus and Mickey Stern. As a producer of reality, documentary, and unscripted infotainment programming, BASE Productions uses a trademark motion-capture and CGI technology. The company has produced programming for a variety of channels, such as A&E, Animal Planet, the Discovery Channel networks, Fox Sports Net, G4, ESPN, HBO, MTV, National Geographic Channel and Spike TV. BASE Productions is located in Los Angeles and Washington DC.

Production company
A production company, production house, or production studio is a studio that creates works in the fields of performing arts, new media art, film, television, radio, comics, interactive arts, video games, websites, music, and video. These groups consist of technical staff and members to 
produce the media, and are often incorporated as a commercial publisher.

Generally the term refers to all individuals responsible for the technical aspects of creating a particular product, regardless of where in the process their expertise is required, or how long they are involved in the project.  For example, in a theatrical performance, the production team has not only the running crew, but also the theatrical producer, designers, and theatrical direction.
Charles A. Hunt
Charles August Hunt (August 28, 1896 – December 27, 1978) was an American union fireman and politician who served in the California State Assembly for the 45th district from 1933 to 1939. During World War I, he was in the United States Army from April 1917 to May 1919 and became a private first class. He served in the Headquarters Battery, 16th Field Artillery Regiment.

Hunt was one of two dozen "EPIC Democrats" elected to the state legislature in 1934.

He is buried at Riverside National Cemetery, Riverside, California.

16th Field Artillery Regiment
The 16th Field Artillery Regiment is a field artillery regiment of the United States Army. The regiment served with the 4th Division in World War II and with the 4th and 8th Divisions between the World Wars. As the 16th Armored Field Artillery Battalion, it served with the 9th Armored Division during World War II, and with the 2nd Armored Division after the war. Designated a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental system, and later the U.S. Army Regimental System, since 1957, regimental elements have served with the 1st, 2nd and 4th Armored Divisions; the 4th, 8th, and 81st Infantry Divisions; and the 1st Cavalry Division. Regimental elements have participated in combat in Vietnam, and in Operation Iraqi Freedom. The regiment currently has a single active battalion, the 3rd Battalion, 16th Field Artillery, assigned to the 2nd Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division and stationed at Fort Hood, Texas.
Connecticut College
Connecticut College (Conn) is a private liberal arts college in New London, Connecticut. Originally chartered as Thames College but soon changed to Connecticut College for Women, it was founded in 1911 as the state's only women's college, a response to Wesleyan University having closed its doors to female students in 1909. The college became coeducational in 1969, adopting its current name.

Conn is a four-year residential undergraduate institution with approximately 1,900 students. Students choose courses from 41 programs, including interdisciplinary pathways and centers, with a majority choosing to study abroad. The college is situated on a hill located adjacent to the Thames River. In 1982, Conn was inducted as a member of the New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC), where its athletes compete as part of NCAA Division III.

Residential college
A residential college is a division of a university that places academic activity in a community setting of students and faculty, usually at a residence and with shared meals, the college having a degree of autonomy and a federated relationship with the overall university. The term residential college is also used to describe a variety of other patterns, ranging from a hall of residence with some academic programming, to continuing education programs for adults lasting a few days. In some parts of the world it simply refers to any organized on-campus housing, an example being University of Malaya.
College Square (Dublin)
College Square is a mixed-use building development in Dublin, Ireland. The building is located between Townsend Street, Hawkins Street, Poolbeg Street and Tara Street in the Dublin 2 postal district. Completed in 2025, it is the tallest habitable building in the Republic of Ireland, with a height of 82 metres, surpassing the previous tallest building, Capital Dock (also in Dublin). It is also the second-tallest building on the island of Ireland, after Obel Tower in Belfast, as well as the first building in the Republic to exceed a height of 80 metres.

Obel Tower
The Obel Tower is a highrise building in Belfast, Northern Ireland, located on Donegall Quay on the River Lagan beside the Lagan Weir. Measuring 85 metres (279 ft) in height, the tower is the tallest storeyed building in Ireland, dominating the Belfast skyline. On completion it overtook the previous tallest building in Belfast and Northern Ireland, Windsor House (80 m).
Better Days (Tom Dice album)
Better Days is the fourth studio album by Belgian singer-songwriter Tom Dice. It was released in Belgium through Universal Music Belgium on 30 March 2018. The album reached number 15 in Belgium. The album includes the singles "Cannonball" and "Better Days".

Tom Dice
Tom Eeckhout (born 25 November 1989), known professionally as Tom Dice, is a Belgian singer-songwriter. He finished runner-up in the Flemish version of The X Factor in 2008 using his birth name Tom Eeckhout, but soon after changed his name taking the stage name Tom Dice.

He represented Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 final on 29 May in Oslo with "Me and My Guitar" ending up sixth overall. Dice was also the first Belgian act to qualify for the final since the introduction of the semi-finals in Eurovision. It became an international hit for Dice. Tom Dice has released three studio albums, Teardrops in 2010, Heart for Sale in 2012, and I've Come a Long Way in 2016.