hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Action of 22 August 1866
The action of 22 August 1866 occurred during the Chincha Islands War off the island of Madeira, and was the final engagement of the war between the Spanish Navy frigate Gerona and Tornado, a British-crewed screw corvette in Chilean service flying the Red Ensign.

Tornado had arrived in Madeira under the command of John McPherson, a British commander in service of the Chilean government, under British register and hoisting the British flag. The vessel was also manned by a 55-men British crew, plus five Portuguese sailors who were taken aboard at Funchal.

Spanish corvette Tornado
Tornado was a bark-rigged screw steam corvette of the Spanish Navy, first launched at Clydebank, Scotland in 1863, as the Confederate raider CSS Texas. She is most famous for having captured the North American filibustering ship Virginius, which led to the "Virginius Affair", which afterwards led to the Spanish-American Crisis of 1873.
The Old Man and Death
The Old Man and Death is one of Aesop's Fables and is numbered 60 in the Perry Index. Because this was one of the comparatively rare fables featuring humans, it was the subject of many paintings, especially in France, where Jean de la Fontaine's adaptation had made it popular.

Jean de La Fontaine
Jean de La Fontaine (UK: /ˌlæ fɒnˈtɛn, -ˈteɪn/, US: /ˌlɑː fɒnˈteɪn, lə -, ˌlɑː foʊnˈtɛn/; French: [ʒɑ̃ d(ə) la fɔ̃tɛn]; 8 July 1621 – 13 April 1695) was a French fabulist and one of the most widely read French poets of the 17th century. He is known above all for his Fables, which provided a model for subsequent fabulists across Europe and numerous alternative versions in France, as well as in French regional languages.

After a long period of royal suspicion, he was admitted to the Académie Française and his reputation in France has never faded since. Evidence of this is found in the many pictures and statues of the writer, later depictions on medals, coins and postage stamps.
Delaware Legislative Hall
The Delaware Legislative Hall is the state capitol building of Delaware. Located in the state capital city of Dover on Legislative Avenue, it houses the chambers and offices of the Delaware General Assembly.  It was designed in the Colonial Revival architecture style by E. William Martin and Norman M. Isham, and built 1931–1933, with wings added in 1965–1970 and 1994.

Dover, Delaware
Dover (/ˈdoʊvər/ DOH-vər) is the capital and the second-most populous city of the U.S. state of Delaware, after Wilmington. It is also the county seat of Kent County and the principal city of the Dover metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses all of Kent County and is part of the Philadelphia–Wilmington–Camden, PA–NJ–DE–MD, combined statistical area. It is located on the St. Jones River in the Delaware River coastal plain. It was named by William Penn for Dover in Kent, England (for which Kent County is named). As of 2020, its population was 39,403.
Brendan Nyhan
Brendan Nyhan (/ˈnaɪən/ ⓘ; born 1978) is an American political scientist and professor at Dartmouth College. He is also a liberal to moderate political blogger, author, and political columnist.  He was born in Mountain View, California and now lives in Hanover, New Hampshire.

Hanover, New Hampshire
Hanover is a town located along the Connecticut River in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 11,870. The town is home to the Ivy League university  Dartmouth College, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, and Hanover High School. The Appalachian Trail crosses the town, connecting with a number of trails and nature preserves.

Most of the population resides in the Hanover census-designated place (CDP)—the main village of the town. Located at the junctions of New Hampshire routes 10, 10A, and 120, the Hanover CDP recorded a population of 9,078 people at the 2020 census. The town is part of the Lebanon–Claremont micropolitan area and also contains the smaller villages of Etna and Hanover Center.
Valério Nascimento
Valério Nascimento was a Brazilian owner, editor, and journalist for the Panorama Geral, which had published issues that were critical of local authorities in São Paulo state.  Nascimento was shot twice in the backyard of his home on May 3, 2011, which is World Press Freedom Day.  The motive is unknown, but is believed to have been politically driven.

World Press Freedom Day
The United Nations General Assembly declared May 3 to be World Press Freedom Day  or just World Press Day, observed to raise awareness of the importance of freedom of the press and remind governments of their duty to respect and uphold the right to freedom of expression enshrined under Article 19 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and marking the anniversary of the Windhoek Declaration, a statement of free press principles put together by African newspaper journalists in Windhoek in 1991.
Josse Joseph de Lehaye
Josse Judocus Joseph de Lehaye-Dael (28 May 1800 – 22 September 1888) was a Belgian magistrate and liberal politician.

As a politician, he was a member of the National Congress, burgomaster of Merendree, member of the municipal council and mayor of Ghent (1854–1857), member of the provincial council of the province of East Flanders and a member of parliament. He was President of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives from 25 April 1855 until 13 June 1857.

National Congress of Belgium
The National Congress (French: Congrès national, Dutch: Nationaal Congres) was a temporary legislative assembly in Belgium, convened in 1830 in the aftermath of the Belgian Revolution. Its purpose was to devise a national constitution for the new state, whose independence had been proclaimed on 4 October 1830 by the self-declared Provisional Government.
KLBW
KLBW (1530 AM) was a radio station broadcasting a religious radio format. Licensed to New Boston, Texas, United States, it served the Texarkana area. The station was last owned by Chapel of Light.

As of 2018, the station had been off the air for some time. The studios and transmitter facilities appear to be long since abandoned and neglected. Its license was not renewed and expired on August 1, 2021.

New Boston, Texas
New Boston is a city in Bowie County, Texas, United States. Boston was named for an early storekeeper in the settlement, W.J. Boston. The coming of the railroads led to the location of two more Bostons. A depot was built approximately 4 miles north of Boston and was named New Boston. The original Boston then became Old Boston. The courthouse was moved to Texarkana in the early 1880s, but a later election carried to move the courthouse back to the geographic center of the county. This location was between the Bostons. The Post Office Department named this location Boston, so Bowie County has claim to three Bostons: New Boston, Boston, and Old Boston. The population was 4,550 at the 2010 census, and 4,612 in 2020.
James Cripps
James Cripps is an artist and musician from Kensal Rise, London. He studied at Richmond upon Thames College.

His 2009 art exhibition was with other young artists who went by the group name of 'Anklebiter'. The show received with acclaim, the center piece of his work being an abstract version of Bouguereau's The First Mourning.

Cripps fronted the punk band Stavin' Chains who cite their influences from Frank Sinatra to The Birthday Party. The BBC invited them to play The Roundhouse 2009 Emerging Proms The band was dissolved in 2011 when its members formed the band Dogfeet.

The First Mourning
The First Mourning (in French Premier Deuil) is an oil painting on canvas created in 1888 by the French academic painter William-Adolphe Bouguereau. Its dimensions are 203 by 252 centimetres (80 in × 99 in). It is in the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

This work depicts the moment after Adam and Eve just found the body of their son Abel, who was murdered by Cain. This is the first human death recorded in the Bible.

Bouguereau had suffered the loss of his second son shortly before painting this work.

Its original name is "Premier Deuil", in French, of which "The First Mourning" is a literal translation.
Esava Ratugolea
Esava Ratugolea (born 24 July 1998) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Port Adelaide Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). Ratugolea was initially drafted by Geelong with their third pick and forty-third overall in the 2016 national draft. Ratugolea made his debut in Geelong's 3-point win against Melbourne in round 1, 2018 at the Melbourne Cricket Ground.

Ratugolea was born in Griffith, New South Wales. His parents are Fijian, and arrived in Australia a few years before his birth. At the age of six, Ratugolea moved to Cobram, Victoria. He only began playing football in 2011, after previously playing rugby and soccer.

At the end of the 2023 AFL season, he was traded to Port Adelaide.

Cobram
Cobram is a town in Victoria, Australia. It is on the Murray River which forms the border between Victoria and New South Wales. Cobram along with the nearby towns of Numurkah and Yarrawonga is part of Shire of Moira and is the administrative centre of the council. Its twin town of Barooga is located on the north side of the Murray River. Surrounding Cobram are a number of orchards, dairy farms and wineries. At the 2021 census, Cobram had a population of 6,148. Barooga's population is currently 1,888.
Kramkov's optional decomposition theorem
In  probability theory, Kramkov's optional decomposition theorem (or just optional decomposition theorem) is a mathematical theorem on the decomposition of a positive supermartingale  with respect to a family of equivalent martingale measures into the form

where  is an adapted (or optional) process.

The theorem is of particular interest for financial mathematics, where the interpretation is:  is the wealth process of a trader,  is the gain/loss and  the consumption process.

The theorem was proven in 1994 by Russian mathematician Dmitry Kramkov. The theorem is named after the Doob-Meyer decomposition but unlike there, the process  is no longer predictable but only adapted (which, under the condition of the statement, is the same as dealing with an optional process).

Risk-neutral measure
In mathematical finance, a risk-neutral measure (also called an equilibrium measure, or equivalent martingale measure) is a probability measure such that each share price is exactly equal to the discounted expectation of the share price under this measure.

This is heavily used in the pricing of financial derivatives due to the fundamental theorem of asset pricing, which implies that in a complete market, a derivative's price is the discounted expected value of the future payoff under the unique risk-neutral measure. Such a measure exists if and only if the market is arbitrage-free.
Ujō Noguchi
Ujō Noguchi (野口 雨情, Noguchi Ujō; May 29, 1882 – January 27, 1945) was a Japanese poet and lyricist of children's songs and traditional Min'yō folk music. He wrote some of the most beloved and familiar pieces for children and youth choirs, such as "Akai Kutsu (Red Shoes)". He, along with Hakushū Kitahara, and Yaso Saijō are considered to be the three great poets and children's songwriters in Japan.

Mito, Ibaraki
Mito (水戸市, Mito-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [mʲi.to, mʲi.toꜜ.ɕi]) is the capital city of Ibaraki Prefecture, in the northern Kantō region of Japan. As of 1 January 2024, the city had an estimated population of 268,036 in 126,055 households and a population density of 1,233 persons per km2. The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 27.1%. The total area of the city is 217.32 square kilometres (83.91 sq mi).
Belarusians in Russia
Belarusians are a major ethnic group in Russia. At the census of 2021, 208,046 Russian citizens indicated Belarusian ancestry. Major Belarusian groups live in the regions of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kaliningrad, Karelia and Siberia. Most Belarusians in Russia are migrants from modern Belarus or their descendants, while a minor part of Belarusians in Russia are indigenous.

Because of cultural closeness of Belarusians to Russians and weakly expressed national identity, Belarusians are more than other ethnic minorities exposed to assimilation in Russia. Despite mass inflow of migrants from Belarus during last centuries, children of immigrants rarely identify themselves as Belarusians.

Belarusians
Belarusians (Belarusian: беларусы, romanized: biełarusy [bʲeɫaˈrusɨ]) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Belarus. They natively speak Belarusian, an East Slavic language. More than 9 million people proclaim Belarusian ethnicity worldwide. Nearly 7.99 million Belarusians reside in Belarus, with the United States and Russia being home to more than 500,000 Belarusians each. The majority of Belarusians adhere to Eastern Orthodoxy.
Antanimasaka, Marovoay
Antanimasaka is a rural municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Marovoay (33km), which is a part of Boeny Region. The population of the municipality was 23331 in 2018.

Only primary schooling is available. The majority 82% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 14% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are peanuts and sweet potatoes.  Services provide employment for 1% of the population. Additionally fishing employs 3% of the population.

Boeny
Boeny is a region in northwestern Madagascar. It borders Sofia Region to the northeast, Betsiboka to the south and Melaky to the southwest. The capital of the region is Mahajanga, and the population was 931,171 in 2018. The area of Boeny is 31,046 km2 (11,987 sq mi).
Ryki-Borkowo
Ryki-Borkowo [ˈrɨki bɔrˈkɔvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Janowo, within Nidzica County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 21 km (13 mi) east of Nidzica and 55 km (34 mi) south of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Nidzica
Nidzica (Polish: [ɲiˈd͡ʑit͡sa]; formerly Nibork; German: Neidenburg [ˈnaɪdn̩bʊʁk] ⓘ; Prussian: Nīdaspils) is a town in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in north-central Poland, lying between Olsztyn and Mława, in Masuria. The capital of Nidzica County, its population in 2017 was 13,872.

Nidzica is a member of Cittaslow.
Kalpana Raghavendar
Kalpana Raghavendar (born 8 May 1980)  is an Indian playback singer, winner of Idea Star Singer Malayalam and participant in Bigg Boss Telugu Season 1, songwriter and actor.  She started her career as a playback singer at the age of five and, by 2013, had recorded 1,500 tracks and performed in 3,000 shows in India and abroad.

In 2010, she was the winner of the south Indian singing show Star Singer season 5, broadcast by the Malayalam TV channel Asianet. She is a judge of Super Singer Junior.

Asianet (TV channel)
Asianet is an Indian Malayalam language general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Viacom18 and Disney India. It primarily telecasts programs such as serials, reality shows and Malayalam films. Asianet HD is the first High Definition channel in Malayalam and was the Star network's first HD channel in a language other than Hindi or English.
Josiah Parker Family Cemetery
Col. Josiah Parker Family Cemetery is a historic family cemetery located near Smithfield, Isle of Wight County, Virginia. It is the burial site of American Revolutionary War Colonel, naval officer, and Congressman Josiah Parker (1751-1810).  Its location was rediscovered in 2001.  The family believes a total of 30 persons are buried at the site.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

Isle of Wight County, Virginia
Isle of Wight County is a county in the Hampton Roads region of the U.S. state of Virginia. It is named after the Isle of Wight, England, south of the Solent, from where many of its early colonists had come. As of the 2020 census, the population was 38,606. Its county seat is Isle of Wight, an unincorporated community. Isle of Wight County is in the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC Metropolitan Statistical Area. Its northeastern boundary is on the coast of Hampton Roads waterway.
Least objectionable program
The theory of the least objectionable program (LOP) is a mediological theory explaining television audience behavior. It was developed in the 1960s by then executive of audience measurement at NBC, Paul L. Klein, who was greatly influenced by the media theorist Marshall McLuhan's Understanding Media.

The theory also promoted discussion in the legal world about what qualified as "objectionable programming," and how this lack of definition prompted a complex series of legal battles in the United States.

Mediology
Mediology (French: médiologie) broadly indicates a wide-ranging method for the analysis of cultural transmission in society and across societies, a method which challenges the conventional idea that 'technology is not culture'. The mediological method pays specific attention to the role of organisations and technical innovations, and the ways in which these can ensure the potency of cultural transmission - and thus the transformation of ideas into a civilisational worldview capable of sustained action.
Wave Breaker: The Rescue Coaster
Wave Breaker: The Rescue Coaster is a double launch roller coaster at SeaWorld San Antonio amusement park in San Antonio, Texas. The roller coaster is designed to emphasize SeaWorld's animal rescue efforts. Opened in 2017, it is the first jet ski roller coaster in North America and would incorporate cars designed as jet skis used by SeaWorld's rescue team. Most of the track was built over the park's lake.

Motorbike roller coaster
A motorbike roller coaster or motorcycle roller coaster is a type of steel roller coaster designed with motorcycle type cars. Booster Bike at Toverland was the world's first motorbike roller coaster. Vekoma was the first company to design such a ride, although Intamin and Zamperla have since created similar designs.

A similar but unrelated Steeplechase roller coaster was Knott's Berry Farm's Motorcycle Chase by Arrow Dynamics which opened in 1974
. That attraction featured single motorbike themed vehicles racing side-by-side, each on one of four parallel tracks, launched together. It was retrofitted in 1980 as Wacky Soap Box Racers before removed in 1996.
2012 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship for Women Division B
The 2012 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship for Women Division B was the eighth edition of the Division B of the Women's European basketball championship for national under-20 teams. It was held in Klatovy, Czech Republic, from 16 to 26 August 2012. Greece women's national under-20 basketball team won the tournament.

FIBA U20 Women's EuroBasket
The FIBA U20 Women's EuroBasket is the new name for the FIBA U20 Women's European Championship, originally known as the FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship for Women. It is a women's youth basketball competition that was inaugurated with the 2000 edition. Until 2004 it was held biannually, but from 2005 onwards it is held every year. The current champions are Spain.
Arrondissements of the Tarn-et-Garonne department
The 2 arrondissements of the Tarn-et-Garonne department of France are:

Arrondissement of Castelsarrasin, (subprefecture: Castelsarrasin) with 103 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 78,979 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Montauban, (prefecture of the Tarn-et-Garonne department: Montauban) with 92 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 184,398 in 2021.

Arrondissements of France
An arrondissement (English: /əˈrɒndɪsmənt/, French: [aʁɔ̃dismɑ̃] ⓘ) is the third level of administrative division in France generally corresponding to the territory overseen by a subprefect. As of 2023, the 101 French departments are divided into 333 arrondissements (including 13 overseas).

The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. When an arrondissement contains the prefecture (capital) of the department, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The term arrondissement can be roughly translated into English as district.

Some municipalities in Quebec are divided into arrondissements, reflecting the province’s historical link to New France.
Ambaca
Ambaca  is a town and municipality in Cuanza Norte Province in Angola. The municipality had a population of 61,769 in 2014.

In the 17th century, the Portuguese colonial authorities built a fort in the village of Camabatela, near the Lucala River margin.

Lucala River
The Lucala River is a river in Angola, a right tributary of Angola's largest river, the Cuanza River.

The Lucala has its source in Uíge Province, runs through Malanje Province, where it feeds the Kalandula Falls, and finally empties into the Cuanza River near Massangano in Cuanza Norte Province, some kilometers downstream of Dondo.
KMOQ
KMOQ (105.3 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a classic rock format. Licensed to Columbus, Kansas, United States, the station serves the Joplin area.  The station is currently owned by American Media Investments, Inc.

Columbus, Kansas
Columbus is the second largest city in and the county seat of Cherokee County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 2,929.  It is located approximately 15 miles south-southwest of Pittsburg.
Babble (company)
Babble Cloud is a British internet telephony company headquartered in London with offices across the UK including the North West, Midlands, North East and the South Coast.

In August 2021, Babble acquired Concert (Concert Networks Limited) and 5 Rings (5 Rings Telecom Ltd and 5 Rings IT Ltd). In September 2021, Babble acquired Scottish telecoms firm 8020.

In October 2021, the company acquired Kilmarnock-based Halo Communications and Newcastle-based Digital Communications Systems Ltd (DCS.) In 2020 they acquired Stockport and Ellesmere Port-based IT and telecoms solution provider, Active.

In 2023, Babble announced the triple acquisition of NTE, Talking Technology & Unicomm.

Ellesmere Port
Ellesmere Port (/ˈɛlzmɪər/ ELZ-meer) is an industrial port town in the Cheshire West and Chester borough in Cheshire, England. Ellesmere Port is on the south-eastern edge of the Wirral Peninsula, six miles (ten kilometres) north of Chester, although not part of the Wirral  administratively or Merseyside. It is on the bank of the Manchester Ship Canal. In the 2021 census, the built up area had a population of 65,430.

The town was originally established on the River Mersey at the entrance to the Ellesmere Canal.  As well as a service sector economy, it has retained large industries including Stanlow oil refinery, a chemical works and the Vauxhall Motors car factory. There are also a number of tourist attractions including the National Waterways Museum, the Blue Planet Aquarium and Cheshire Oaks Designer Outlet.
Women for Sobriety
Women for Sobriety (WFS) is a non-profit secular addiction recovery group for  women with addiction problems. WFS was created by sociologist Jean Kirkpatrick in 1976 as an alternative to twelve-step addiction recovery groups like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). As of 1998, there were more than 200 WFS groups worldwide. Only women are allowed to attend the organization's meetings as the groups focus specifically on women's issues. WFS is not a radical feminist, anti-male, or anti-AA organization.

Higher Power
"Higher Power" (HP) is a term used in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and other twelve-step programs. The same groups use the phrases "a power greater than ourselves" and "God of our understanding" synonymously. The term is intentionally vague because the program is not tied to a particular religion or spiritual tradition; members may use it to refer to any supreme being or deity,  another conception of God, or even non-supernatural things such as the twelve-step program itself.