hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
'GAPÔ
'GAPÔ is a 1988 Tagalog novel written by award-winning Filipino author Lualhati Bautista.  Its complete title is 'GAPÔ at isang puting Pilipino, sa mundo ng mga Amerikanong kulay brown which means "'Gapô and one white Filipino, in a world of brown Americans" in translation. 'Gapô is an abbreviated form of the Philippine place name Olongapo.

The novel is about the oppression of the Americans on Filipinos, and the Pressure that the Americans gave to them.

Filipino women writers
Filipino women writers have played important roles within Philippine literature, with Philippine women having created enduring works of fiction and non-fiction across the genres. Writing in English, Spanish, Filipino and other local languages and native dialects, female writers from the Philippine archipelago utilized literature, in contrast with the oral tradition of the past, as the living voices of their personal experiences, thoughts, consciousness, concepts of themselves, society, politics, Philippine and world history. They employed the "power of the pen" and the printed word in order to shatter the so-called "Great Grand Silence of the Centuries" of Filipino female members, participants, and contributors to the progress and development of the Philippine Republic, and consequently the rest of the world. Filipino women authors have "put pen to paper" to present, express, and describe their own image and culture to the world, as they see themselves.
Motorcycle headlamp modulator
A motorcycle headlamp modulator (or simply headlamp modulator) is an accessory device that oscillates the intensity of a motorcycle headlamp at 240 ±40 cycles per minute (~4 Hz) between approximately 20% and 100% of full intensity. The headlight operates at full intensity 50-70% of the time. United States and Canadian regulations require headlight modulators to include a light sensor that disables modulation when the ambient light level drops below a certain point. When this happens, the headlamps burn steadily.

Headlamp
A headlamp is a lamp attached to the front of a vehicle to illuminate the road ahead. Headlamps are also often called headlights, but in the most precise usage, headlamp is the term for the device itself and headlight is the term for the beam of light produced and distributed by the device.

Headlamp performance has steadily improved throughout the automobile age, spurred by the great disparity between daytime and nighttime traffic fatalities: the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration states that nearly half of all traffic-related fatalities occur in the dark, despite only 25% of traffic travelling during darkness.

Other vehicles, such as trains and aircraft, are required to have headlamps. Bicycle headlamps are often used on bicycles, and are required in some jurisdictions. They can be powered by a battery or a small generator like a bottle or hub dynamo.
John Hallet
John Hallet is a British actor, probably best known for his role as Barney in the 1970s television drama Survivors.

Other TV credits include: Z-Cars, The Regiment as regular Pte Hodge, Oil Strike North, All Creatures Great and Small, Call Me Mister and the uncompleted Doctor Who serial Shada.

Call Me Mister (TV series)
Call Me Mister is a British television drama series, created by Robert Banks Stewart who had previously developed Shoestring and Bergerac for the BBC. One series of ten episodes was broadcast between 5 September and 7 November 1986.

The series starred Steve Bisley as Jack Bartholomew, an Australian former police officer who returns to England after his father dies, having inherited his substantial estate. Uncomfortable with his new found status, Bartholomew prefers to use his police skills working as a private detective.
Atelopus halihelos
Atelopus halihelos, the Morona-Santiago stubfoot toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss. It is also threatened by the amphibian chytridiomycosis panzootic, which is a great factor to biodiversity loss. The IUCN estimates that there's only 0-49 individuals left in the wild.

An individual named Sad Santiago was one of the last remaining of the species. An expedition, led by Jaime Culebras, aimed to breed him with a female he found in the cloud forest of the Ecuadorian Andes.

While they did not successfully produce any eggs, another expedition was sent and found 1 male and 1 female which successfully produced offspring, raising hope this species can be saved.

True toad
A true toad is any member of the family Bufonidae, in the order Anura (frogs and toads). This is the only family of anurans in which all members are known as toads, although some may be called frogs (such as harlequin frogs). The bufonids now comprise more than 35 genera, Bufo being the best known.
Kjalnesinga saga
Kjalnesinga saga (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈcʰalˌnɛːsiŋka ˈsaːɣa] ⓘ, lit. 'saga of the people of Kjalarnes') is one of the sagas of Icelanders (Íslendingasögur). It is preserved in a parchment manuscript AM 471 4to.

The work concerns historical ages from the ninth to eleventh centuries, and was composed in the fourteenth century, among the last group of sagas composed. The saga is about Búi Andríðsson, his wife Fríðr and his son Jökull Búason. The story takes place in Iceland and Norway. Búi becomes a chieftain of Iceland but dies in a quarrel with his son Jökul. The tale continues with the adventures of Jökul in the short story (þáttr) Jökuls þáttr Búasonar.

Þáttr
The þættir (Old Norse singular þáttr, literally meaning a "strand" of rope or yarn) are short stories written mostly in Iceland during the 13th and 14th centuries.

The majority of þættir occur in two compendious manuscripts, Morkinskinna and Flateyjarbók, and within them most are found as digressions within kings' sagas. Sverrir Tómasson regards those in Morkinskinna, at least, as exempla or illustrations inseparable from the narratives that contain them, filling out the picture of the kings' qualities, good and bad, as well as adding comic relief.
Barbara Czarniawska
Barbara Czarniawska (also known as Barbara Czarniawska-Joerges, 2 December 1948 – 7 April 2024) was a Polish-Swedish organisation scholar.

Czarniawska was a Senior Professor of Management Studies at Gothenburg Research Institute, Gothenburg School of Business, Economics and Law, Sweden. Her research took a constructionist perspective on organizing, most recently exploring the management of overflows, and integration processes. She was interested in complex organizations, institutionalism, action nets, organizational change, as well as methodology, especially in fieldwork techniques and in the application of narratology to organization studies.

Gothenburg School of Business, Economics and Law
The Gothenburg School of Business, Economics and Law at the University of Gothenburg (Swedish: Handelshögskolan vid Göteborgs universitet) is one of Sweden's leading business schools, located in Gothenburg. It was founded in 1923 as an independent business college and is situated in the centre of the city. In 1961, it was integrated into the state-run university system, still as a separate college, but was then integrated into the University of Gothenburg in 1971.

The school holds the Triple Accreditation, i.e. AACSB, AMBA and EQUIS, certifying that all main activities are of the highest international standards.
Cheng-Han
Cheng-Han (simplified Chinese: 成汉; traditional Chinese: 成漢; pinyin: Chéng Hàn; 303 or 304 – 347) was a dynastic state of China listed as one of the Sixteen Kingdoms in Chinese historiography. Ruled by the Li clan of the Ba-Di people, its territory was based in what is modern-day Sichuan Province, China. The name Cheng-Han collectively refers to the state of Cheng (成; Chéng) or Dacheng (大成; Dàchéng), founded by Li Xiong in 304 (or by Li Te in 303) and the state of Han (漢; Hàn) founded by Li Shou in 338. The state is also less commonly known as Later Shu (後蜀; Hòu Shǔ).

Ba (state)
Ba (Chinese: 巴; pinyin: Bā; lit. 'a pictograph for "elephant-eating snake', Old Chinese: *Pˤra) was an ancient state in eastern Sichuan, China. Its original capital was Yicheng (Enshi City), Hubei. Ba was conquered by Qin in 316 BC. The historical Bo people and the modern Tujia people trace some of their origins back to the people of Ba.

Ba, often described as a loose confederation or collection of chiefdoms, consisted of several loosely affiliated independent clans who recognized a king. The Ba clans were highly diverse, being composed of multiple tribes. Archeological evidence shows that the Ba people primarily relied  on fishing and hunting, with low levels of horticulture or agriculture, and no evidence of irrigation.
Quayle
Quayle is a surname of Anglo–Celtic origin, specifically English, Irish, Manx and Scottish.

When the name originates from Ireland, the Isle of Man and Scotland, it is an Anglicisation of the Gaelic Mac Phàil (Scottish) Mac Pháil (Irish) Mac Phóil (Irish) "Mac Phaayl" (Manx) meaning "son of Pàil/Páill/Póil/Paayl". These are Gaelic patronymic forms of the personal name Paul. When originating in Ireland, the name is sometimes a variant of the surname Quill. When of English origin, the surname can be derived from the Old French/Middle English quaille, meaning "quail". In this way, the name would be used as a nickname for a timorous or lecherous person – words that describe this species of bird. The name is recorded in the Isle of Man as MacFayle in 1511 and MacQuayle, Quayle in 1540. The name is recorded in England as Quayle in 1327.

Paul (given name)
Paul is a common Latin masculine given name in countries and ethnicities with a Christian heritage (Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism, Protestantism) and, beyond Europe, in Christian religious communities throughout the world. Paul – or its variations – can be a given name or surname.
Camuzzi Gas
Camuzzi Gas is an Argentine natural gas distribution company that through its subsidiaries operates in the southernmost provinces of Argentina apart from Buenos Aires province, Camuzzi Gas Pampeana (in a part of the Buenos Aires Province and all La Pampa Province) and Camuzzi Gas del Sur un the following provinces Neuquén, Chubut, Río Negro, Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego; covers 45% of the country's concession areas, serving 2 million customers.

Neuquén Province
Neuquén (Spanish pronunciation: [newˈken]) is a province of Argentina, located in the west of the country, at the northern end of Patagonia. It borders Mendoza Province to the north, Rio Negro Province to the southeast, and Chile to the west. It also meets La Pampa Province at its northeast corner.
Military career of Giovanni Messe
Giovanni Messe (1883–1968) built his military career through a gradual rise through the ranks of the Royal Italian Army from prior to World War I through World War II. Messe distinguished himself through both staff and field command during World War I, and he further cemented this reputation during the years between the two world wars.

In the course of World War II, Messe commanded significant Italian forces on the Eastern Front and in North Africa, where he earned praise for his organizational abilities and leadership in difficult conditions. In 1944 he became Chief of the General Staff of the Italian Co-Belligerent Army, and was subsequently made Marshal of Italy, which was the final appointment to that position.

Royal Italian Army during World War II
The Royal Italian Army (Italian: Regio Esercito) was the land forces of the Kingdom of Italy during World War II. It was active from 1940 until the end of the war in 1945. During the war, a total about 2.56 million conscripts and volunteers served in the Royal Italian Army.

In the aftermath of the Armistice of Cassibile in September 1943, the Royal Italian Army became the Italian Co-belligerent Army fighting alongside the Allies, while the National Republican Army was created by the Italian Social Republic to fight alongside the Axis.
2011–12 Russian Second Division
The 2011–12 Russian Second Division  was the third strongest division in Russian football. The Second Division is geographically divided into 5 zones.
The winners of each zone are automatically promoted into the First Division. The bottom finishers of each zone lose professional status and are relegated into the Amateur Football League.

FC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk
FC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk (Russian: ФК «Нефтехимик» Нижнекамск) is an association football club from Nizhnekamsk, Russia, founded in 1991. It played at the second-highest level in the Russian First League in 1993–1998, 2001–2004, 2012 to 2013–14, 2016–17 and from 2019–to present.  Neftekhimik has won 5 Second Division titles.

It has been a farm club of FC Rubin Kazan since 2007.
Järvsöfaks
Järvsöfaks (23 June 1994 – 19 October 2020) was a Swedish trotter. He held the current coldblood trotter's world record in wins, consecutive wins (42), and the coldblood trotter world record time, 1:17.9 per kilometre. His bloodlines included both Swedish and Norwegian coldblood trotters.

Järvsöfaks was driven and trained by Jan-Olov Persson. He was an award-winning sire in Sweden, and some of his offspring have winnings of millions of Swedish kronor.

Harness racing
Harness racing is a form of horse racing in which the horses race at a specific gait (a trot or a pace). They usually pull a two-wheeled cart called a sulky, spider, or chariot occupied by a driver. In Europe, and less frequently in Australia and New Zealand, races with jockeys riding directly on saddled trotters (trot monté in French) are also conducted.
Polish Media Council
The Polish Media Council (PMC) (Polish: Rada Polskich Mediów) is a self-regulatory organization of Polish press, radio, television and internet editorial offices. The members of the organization are editors-in-chief and deputy editors-in-chief of Polish media.

The goals of PMC include: protection of freedom of speech, raising and dissemination of professional and ethical standards of journalism, initiating and issuing opinions on legislative solutions in the area of media operation and freedom and protection of the journalistic profession.

The Polish Media Council is composed of editors representing the following media: Dziennik Gazeta Prawna, Fakt, Gazeta Wyborcza, Newsweek Polska, Pismo. Magazyn Opinii, Polityka, Rzeczpospolita, Tygodnik Powszechny, Business Insider Polska, Fakty TVN, Gazeta.pl, OKO.press, Onet.pl, Radio RMF FM, Radio TOK FM, Radio ZET, Radiozet.pl , TVN 24, TVN24 BiS, TVN24.pl and Wirtualna Polska.

Fakt
Fakt (pronounced [ˈfakt] ⓘ, Polish for "fact") is a Polish tabloid daily newspaper published in Warsaw, Poland, by Ringier Axel Springer Polska (a Swiss-German joint-venture subsidiary of Axel Springer SE and Ringier), and is one of the best-selling papers in Poland.
David Gorrod
David Edward Gorrod (born 10 November 1975) is an English cricketer.  Gorrod is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium.  He was born in Wimbledon, London.

Gorrod represented the Surrey Cricket Board in List A cricket.  His debut List A match came against Huntingdonshire in the 2001 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy.  From 2001 to 2002, he represented the Board in 4 List A matches, the last of which came against the Essex Cricket Board in the 2nd round of the 2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which was held in 2002. In his 4 List A matches, he took 4 wickets at a bowling average of 30.00, with best figures of 3/37.

He currently plays club cricket for Malden Wanderers Cricket Club in the Surrey Championship.

2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy
The 2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy was an English county cricket tournament, held between 29 August 2002 and 30 August 2003. The competition was won by Gloucestershire who beat Worcestershire by 7 wickets at Lord's.
Tara Brach
Tara Brach (born May 17, 1953) is an American psychologist, author, and proponent of Buddhist meditation. She is a senior teacher and founder of the Insight Meditation Community of Washington, D.C. (IMCW). Brach also teaches about Buddhist meditation at centers for meditation and yoga in the United States and Europe, including Spirit Rock Meditation Center in Woodacre, California; the Kripalu Center; and the Omega Institute for Holistic Studies.

Brach is an Engaged Buddhist, specializing in the application of Buddhist teachings and mindfulness meditation to emotional healing. She has authored several books on these subjects, including Radical Acceptance, True Refuge, and Radical Compassion.

Sati (Buddhism)
Sati (Pali: sati; Sanskrit: स्मृति smṛti), literally "memory" or "retention", commonly translated as mindfulness, "to remember to observe", is an essential part of Buddhist practice. It has the related meanings of calling to mind the wholesome dhammas such as the four establishments of mindfulness, the five faculties, the five powers, the seven awakening-factors, the Noble Eightfold Path, and the attainment of insight, and the actual practice of maintaining a lucid awareness of the dhammas of bodily and mental phenomena, in order to counter the arising of unwholesome states, and to develop wholesome states. It is the first factor of the Seven Factors of Enlightenment. "Correct" or "right" mindfulness (Pali: sammā-sati, Sanskrit samyak-smṛti) is the seventh element of the Noble Eightfold Path.
William McSherry (Pennsylvania politician)
William McSherry (1821-1899) was an American politician who represented Adams County, Pennsylvania in both the Pennsylvania House of Representatives and the Pennsylvania State Senate, initially as a Whig before transitioning to the Democratic party.

Adams County, Pennsylvania
Adams County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 103,852. Its county seat is Gettysburg. The county was created on January 22, 1800, from part of York County, and was named for John Adams, the second President of the United States.

Between July 1 and July 3, 1863, the Battle of Gettysburg, the bloodiest and most significant battle of the American Civil War, was fought near Gettysburg. As a result, Adams County is a center for Civil War-related tourism.  Adams County comprises the Gettysburg metropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Harrisburg–York–Lebanon combined statistical area. The county is part of the South Central region of the commonwealth.
Crime Patrol (TV series)
Crime Patrol is an Indian true crime anthology series created by Subramanian S.lyer for Sony Entertainment Television. The first season was created by Cinevistaas Limited and directed by Anshuman Kishore Singh, while later seasons were created by Optimystix Entertainment. The series is set in Mumbai, India. The first and second seasons' episodes are 30 minutes long, while the subsequent seasons' episodes are 40 minutes long.

The series, which premiered on May 9, 2003, is the longest-running reality crime television series in India. In 2021, the show won the Milestone Achievement Award at the 20th Indian Television Academy Awards (ITA Awards).

Diwakar Pundir
Diwaker Pundir (born 11 November 1975 in Hyderabad) is an Indian actor in Bollywood and a model. He has won the title of Graviera Mister India 1998. He was second runner-up at Mr Intercontinental Contest held in Germany.

He holds Commercial Pilot Licence and was a pilot before joining entertainment industry. His father was an Army officer.
He has modelled in many TV commercials of prominent brands such as Lifebuoy soap, Whirlpool refrigerators, Hyundai Verna,
Honda Activa, Skoda Rapid and Parle Bakesmith.
Supreme Court of Pakistan Building
The Supreme Court Building in Red Zone, Islamabad is the official and principal seat of the Supreme Court of Pakistan, the apex court of the country. Completed in 1993, it is flanked by the Prime Minister's Office to the south and the Presidential Palace and the Parliament House to the north.

Designed by famous Japanese architect, Kenzō Tange, under the consultation of the EPA, the complex was engineered and built by the CDA Engineering and Siemens Engineering. The building was part of an effort by the government of Pakistan to incorporate modernism into the architecture of important government buildings, for which several architects were invited; Tange, after initially rejecting the invitation, ultimately agreed to participate.

Siemens Pakistan
Siemens (Pakistan) Engineering Company Limited is a Pakistani engineering services company headquartered in Karachi. It is a subsidiary of Siemens AG.

Active since 1953, Siemens Pakistan is one of the largest providers of engineering services and management in the country, with overseeing ongoing projects in healthcare, defence development, energy, telecommunications, computer expansion and heavy construction management.
Javad Mahjoub
Javad Mahjoub (Persian: جواد محجوب, born 26 May 1991) is an Iranian mixed martial artist and former judoka. Mahjoub was the 2013 Asian champion in his weight class.

He competed in judo for Iran at the following tournaments:

2010 Asian Games, 7th

2011 World Judo Championships

2012 Asian Judo Championships, Silver medal

2012 World Cup, Prague

2013 World Judo Championships

2013 Asian Judo Championships

2014 Asian Games

2016 Summer Olympics

2018 World Judo Championships

2018 Asian Games

Mahjoub was one of 29 members of the IOC Refugee Olympic Team to compete at 2020 Tokyo Olympics.

Judo at the 2018 Asian Games – Men's +100 kg
The men's +100 kilograms (Heavyweight) competition at the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta was held on 31 August at the Jakarta Convention Center Assembly Hall.

Kim Sung-min of South Korea won the gold medal.
Vandive family
The Vandive family (/vɒ̃dɪv/; or Van Dievoet called Vandive; in French: Van Dievoet dit Vandive) was a Parisian branch of the Van Dievoet family from Brussels, descended from goldsmith Philippe Van Dievoet, the elder brother of famous Brussels sculptor Peter Van Dievoet. The family were first bourgeois of Paris before becoming part of the French nobility.

This Parisian branch of the Van Dievoet family became extinct in 1802 with the death of François Gilles Vandive.

Louis, Grand Dauphin
Louis, Dauphin of France (1 November 1661 – 14 April 1711), commonly known as le Grand Dauphin, was the eldest son of King Louis XIV and his spouse, Maria Theresa of Spain and heir apparent to the French throne. He became known as the Grand Dauphin after the birth of his own son, Louis, Duke of Burgundy, the Petit (little) Dauphin. Both of them died before King Louis XIV and thus never became king. Instead, the Grand Dauphin's grandson became King Louis XV at the death of Louis XIV, and his second son inherited the Spanish throne as Philip V through his grandmother, founding the Spanish Bourbon line.
HD 75289 b
HD 75289 b is an extrasolar planet orbiting the star HD 75289 in Vela constellation. It has a minimum mass half that of Jupiter, and it orbits in a very short orbit completing one circular revolution around the star in three and a half days. By studying the starlight scientists have concluded that the planet must have an albedo less than 0.12, rather low for a gas giant. Otherwise its reflected light would have been detected.

This planet was discovered  by the Geneva Extrasolar Planet Search team using Doppler spectroscopy.

Doppler spectroscopy
Doppler spectroscopy (also known as the radial-velocity method, or colloquially, the wobble method) is an indirect method for finding extrasolar planets and brown dwarfs from radial-velocity measurements via observation of Doppler shifts in the spectrum of the planet's parent star.
As of January 2026, over 1,100 known extrasolar planets (about 19.0% of the total) have been discovered using Doppler spectroscopy.