hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2019 Texas property tax reform
In May 2019 significant property tax reform bills passed the Texas Legislature, promising property tax relief and higher funding for schools. Senate Bill 2 tackles property tax issues, and House Bill 3 directly deals with school finance reform. House Bill 3 raised the amount per student each district is allotted from $5,140 to $6,030, and also reduces school property tax rates by about four percent per $100 in property value.  House Bill 1 is the overall budget for Texas. The tax reduction was achieved by allocating $6.6 billion from the rainy-day fund, leaving an estimated $8.4 billion in two years.  In these three bills, the 86th Legislature of Texas increased school funding as well as lowering the burden on property owners.

Tax reform
Tax reform is the process of changing the way taxes are collected or managed by the government and is usually undertaken to improve tax administration or to provide economic or social benefits. Tax reform can include reducing the level of taxation of all people by the government, making the tax system more progressive or less progressive, or simplifying the tax system and making the system more understandable or more accountable.

Numerous organizations have been set up to reform tax systems worldwide, often with the intent to reform income taxes or value added taxes into something considered more economically liberal.  Other reforms propose tax systems that attempt to deal with externalities. Such reforms are sometimes proposed to be revenue-neutral, for example in revenue neutrality of the FairTax, meaning they ought not result in more tax or less being collected. Georgism claims that various forms of land tax can both deal with externalities and improve productivity.
Gila Lah!
"Gila Lah!" or "Gilalah"  (translation: "Crazy!") is a song written by Stacy and produced by Omar K. and Mike Chan for her third album, "#1" (2014). It was released on 15 May 2014 as the lead single from the album.

Number 1 (Stacy album)
#1 is the third studio album of Akademi Fantasia season 6 winner Stacy which was launched on 14 August 2014 in Malaysia. The album is produced by Astro and distributed by Warner Music Group as a double album. The album incorporates similar styles of music from her previous album, which includes pop and dancepop.

Stacy chose the album title because she likes the term "Number 1" and always aiming to be a winner. She enlisted popular local music producers such as Audi Mok, Kimberly Chin, Omar K. The launching of the album was held in the Zouk Club in Kuala Lumpur in a mini-concert concept.
Townsend's mole
The Townsend's mole (Scapanus townsendii) is a fossorial mammal in the family Talpidae, and is the largest North American mole. It was named after the American naturalist John Kirk Townsend.  The name was selected at the request of Thomas Nuttall as a patronym to honor Townsend's contribution.

Fossorial
A fossorial animal (from Latin  fossor 'digger') is one that is adapted to digging and which lives primarily (but not solely) underground. Examples of fossorial vertebrates are moles, badgers, naked mole-rats, meerkats, armadillos, wombats, and mole salamanders. Among invertebrates, many molluscs (e.g., clams), insects (e.g., beetles, wasps, bees), and arachnids (e.g. spiders) are fossorial.
Pniewo, Łódź Voivodeship
Pniewo [ˈpɲɛvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bedlno, within Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) east of Bedlno, 18 km (11 mi) east of Kutno, and 48 km (30 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

Kutno County
Kutno County (Polish: powiat kutnowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Kutno, which lies 51 kilometres (32 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź. The county also contains the towns of Żychlin, lying 18 km (11 mi) east of Kutno, and Krośniewice, 14 km (9 mi) west of Kutno.

The county covers an area of 886.29 square kilometres (342.2 sq mi). As of 2006, its total population was 104,124, out of which the population of Kutno was 47,557, that of Żychlin is 8,880, that of Krośniewice was 4,647, and the rural population was 43,040.
Dasi, Tianjin
Dasi Town (simplified Chinese: 大寺镇; traditional Chinese: 大寺鎮; pinyin: Dàsì Zhèn) a town situated in the eastern part of Xiqing District, Tianjin, China. It shares a border with Meijiang and Taihulu Subdistricts to its north, Shuanggang Town and Haitang Subdistrict to its east, Xinzhuang and Balitai Towns to its southeast, Wangwengzhuang Town to its south, Jingwu Town and Liqizhuang Subdistrict to its west, and Jinmenhu Subdistrict to its northwest. The town also contains two subdistricts within: Chilongnan and Chilongbei Subdistricts. The population of this town is 113,290 as of 2010.

The town's name "Dasi" (Chinese: 大寺; lit. 'Great Temple') is referring to Yongxi Temple that was constructed here during the Song dynasty.

Meijiang Subdistrict
Meijiang Subdistrict (Chinese: 梅江街道; pinyin: Méijiāng Jiēdào) is a subdistrict located on the southwestern corner of Hexi District, Tianjin, China. It borders Youyi Road Subdistrict to its north, Jianshan and Taihu Road Subdistricts to its east, Dasi Town to its south, and Liqizhuang Subdistrict to its west. In the year 2010, its population was 27,547.

The subdistrict was formed in 2006. Its name Meijiang can be translated as "Plum River".
U. K. Anandavardhanan
U. K. Anandavardhanan (born 25 May 1976) is an Indian mathematician specialising in  automorphic forms and representation theory. He was awarded the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, the highest science award in India, for the year 2020 in mathematical science category. He is affiliated to Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay.

After completing undergraduate studies in University of Calicut, Anandavardhanan joined University of Hyderabad for further studies. He secured M Sc in mathematics from there in 1998 and Ph D in 2003. He was with Tata Institute of Fundamental Research during February 2003 - July 2005 and spent the spring of 2004 in University of Iowa. He has been a faculty member of Indian Institute of Technology Bombay since July 2005.

IIT Bombay
The Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT Bombay or IITB) is a public research university and technical institute in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The institute has 17 academic departments, 35 additional academic centres, and three schools.
Established in 1958, IIT Bombay was designated as an Institution of Eminence in 2018.
Mecomischus
Mecomischus is a genus of North African flowering plants in the  chamomile tribe within the daisy family.

Species

Mecomischus halimifolius (Munby) Hochr. - Morocco, Algeria

Mecomischus pedunculatus (Coss. & Durieu) Oberpr. & Greuter - Algeria

Bénédict Pierre Georges Hochreutiner
Bénédict Pierre Georges Hochreutiner (1873-1959) was a Swiss botanist and plant taxonomist.

A native of Saint-Gall, he studied theology and natural sciences in Geneva. In 1896 he was an assistant to John Isaac Briquet at the Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques at Geneva. In 1901 he made a scientific trip to Algeria, and in 1903–05 was associated with the botanic gardens (herbarium) at Buitenzorg in the Dutch East Indies. In 1906 he was named curator of the Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, where in 1931 he was appointed director. In 1919 he became a professor of botany.

As a taxonomist, he circumscribed many botanical species. The genus Hochreutinera is named after him, as are taxa with specific epithet of hochreutineri. Among his numerous written works was a monograph on the plant family Malvaceae.
Coldstream F.C.
Coldstream Football Club is a Scottish football club from the town of Coldstream in the Scottish Borders. Formed in 1895, the club is one of the founder members of the East of Scotland Football League, and is now also the longest-serving member. Coldstream won the league's first championship in 1923–24 but have not won the title since. The team have played home matches at Home Park since the club was formed. The team's strip is all blue.

As a licensed member club of the Scottish Football Association, Coldstream are eligible to play in the Scottish Cup.  The first time the club won through the Scottish Qualifying Cup was in 1923–24, the club 1–0 at home to Armadale F.C. in the first round before of a crowd of 4,000.  The club has never beaten a Scottish League team in the Cup, but it has twice held League clubs to draws.

Scottish Borders
The Scottish Borders (Scottish Gaelic: Crìochan na h-Alba; Scots: The Mairches), often shortened to the Borders within Scotland, is one of the country's 32 council areas. It is bordered by West Lothian, Edinburgh, Midlothian, and East Lothian to the north, the North Sea to the east, Dumfries and Galloway to the south-west, South Lanarkshire to the west, and the English ceremonial counties of Cumbria and Northumberland to the south. The area's largest settlement is Galashiels; its administrative centre is Newtown St Boswells.

The term "Scottish Borders" is also used for the areas of southern Scotland and northern England that bound the Anglo-Scottish border, namely Dumfries and Galloway, Scottish Borders, Northumberland, and Cumbria. The council area occupies approximately the same area as the historic shires of Berwickshire, Peeblesshire, Roxburghshire, and Selkirkshire.
Florida State Road 48
State Road 48 (SR 48) was an east–west state highway that ran from U.S. Highway 41 in Floral City, Florida, to  Florida State Road 19 in Howey-in-the-Hills, Florida. In the last years of the route's existence, it was a 2.167 miles (3.487 km) state road in Bushnell, Florida, which ran from Interstate 75 (I-75) at exit 314 to U.S. Highway 301 (US 301). Today, all segments are designated County Road 48 (CR 48), where they are under county maintenance. Segments in Sumter County are part of the Scenic Sumter Heritage Byway.

Florida Department of Transportation
The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) is a decentralized agency charged with the establishment, maintenance, and regulation of public transportation in the U.S. state of Florida. The department was formed in 1969. It absorbed the powers of the State Road Department (SRD).  The current Secretary of Transportation is Jared W. Perdue.
Stanley Dermott
Stanley Dermott (born August 14, 1942, deceased May 20, 2025) was a British-American astrophysicist and educator. He was part of the faculty at the University of Florida since 1989 including holding a research foundation professorship from 1997 to 2000 and serving as chair of the department of astronomy from 1993 to 2009. In 2002 he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Science by the University of London in the field of Solar System dynamics.

He is credited with the identification of Dermott's law which is named after him. His body of work also includes contributions to the study of planetary origins, zodiacal dust bands, resonance effects of planetary satellites, mechanics of planetary rings, tidal interactions, the statistics of asteroid rotation rates, and the dynamical structure of the asteroid belt.

The main-belt asteroid 3647 Dermott was formally named after him on January 11, 1986.

Natural satellite
A natural satellite is, in the most common usage, an astronomical body that orbits a planet, dwarf planet, or small Solar System body (or sometimes another natural satellite). Natural satellites are colloquially referred to as moons, a derivation from the Moon of Earth.

In the Solar System, there are six planetary satellite systems, altogether comprising 419 natural satellites with confirmed orbits. Seven objects commonly considered dwarf planets by astronomers are also known to have natural satellites: Orcus, Pluto, Haumea, Quaoar, Makemake, Gonggong, and Eris. As of February 2026, there are 630 other minor planets known to have natural satellites.
Smokey Lady
Smokey Lady (9 March 1977 – after 1982) was an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. Racing only as a two-year-old in 1979 she won two of her five races including the Phoenix Stakes, which was then Ireland's premier race for juveniles. She was also placed in the Queen Mary Stakes and the Prix du Petit Couvert and ended the year as Ireland's top-rated two-year-old filly. She made no impact as a broodmare.

Phoenix Stakes
The Phoenix Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Ireland open to two-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at the Curragh over a distance of 6 furlongs (1,207 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in August.
Stephen Rivers
Stephen M. Rivers (February 17, 1955 – June 8, 2010) was a United States political activist and publicist, who represented numerous actors and celebrities, including Kevin Costner, Richard Dreyfuss, Jane Fonda, Michael Ovitz and Oliver Stone.

Publicist
A publicist is a person whose job is to generate and manage publicity for a company, a brand, or public figure – especially a celebrity – or for work or a project such as a book, film, or album. Publicists are public relations specialists who maintain and represent the images of individuals, rather than representing an entire corporation or business. Publicists are also hired by public figures who want to maintain or protect their image. Publicists brand their clients by getting magazine, TV, newspaper, and website coverage. Most top-level publicists work in private practice, handling multiple clients.

The term publicist was coined by the legal scholar Francis Lieber to describe the engagement of internationalists with the public during the late nineteenth century. Publicists are sometimes called flacks, a term that traces back to Gene Flack, who was a well-known movie publicist in the 1930s.
Jabllanica
Jablanica (Albanian: Jabllanicë pronounced [jabɫaˈnitsa, jabɫaˈnitsə]; Macedonian: Јабланица pronounced [ˈjabɫanitsa]) is a mountain range stretching between the state borders of Albania and North Macedonia. The larger section of the range is located within Albania, where it forms part of the Shebenik National Park, bounded by the municipalities of Librazhd to the southeast and Dibër to the northwest. On the North Macedonia side, it lies within the limits of Struga municipality.

Its highest peak, Black Rock (Albanian: Guri i Zi; Macedonian: Црн Камен), reaches a height of 2,257 m (7,405 ft), marking the delineation point for both countries.

Dibër (municipality)
Dibër (Albanian: [ˈdiˈbər]; Albanian definite form: Dibra) is a municipality in Dibër County, northeastern Albania. The municipality consists of the administrative units of Arras, Fushë-Çidhën, Kala e Dodës, Kastriot, Lurë, Luzni, Maqellarë, Melan, Muhurr, Selishtë, Sllovë, Tomin, Zall-Dardhë, Zall-Reç with Peshkopi constituting its seat. As of the Institute of Statistics estimate from the 2011 census, there were 61,619 inhabitants in Dibër Municipality. The area of the municipality is 937.88 km2 (362.12 sq mi).
Culpeper County Public Schools
Culpeper County Public Schools (CCPS) is a public school district serving all of Culpeper County, Virginia, United States. The system operates eleven schools educating about 8,400 students from pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade and employs roughly 550 full-time teachers. Governed by a seven-member elected school board and led by Superintendent Dr. Anthony S. Brads, its central offices are in Culpeper.

Established in 1870, the division evolved from small segregated one-room schools to a unified system after desegregation in 1968. It now offers a full academic program including Advanced Placement, dual-enrollment with Germanna Community College, and extensive career and technical education through the Culpeper Technical Education Center. CCPS maintains a budget of about $103 million and a 15 : 1 student–teacher ratio, emphasizing modernization, equity, and college-and-career readiness in its strategic plan.

Culpeper County High School
Culpeper County High School (CCHS) is a high school in Culpeper County, Virginia. The current Culpeper County High School was built in 1969, expanded in 2001 and significantly renovated between 2013 and 2015.

The Original Culpeper High School was the Ann Wingfield Building on East Street in downtown Culpeper.  In 1949, Culpeper High School was moved north of town into what is now known as Floyd T. Binns Middle School.  That building served as Culpeper High School until the late 60's.  In the fall of 1951 the school name was changed from Culpeper High School to Culpeper County High School.  In 1969, Culpeper High School was moved to its current location.
Zhuge Liang's Southern Campaign
Zhuge Liang's Southern Campaign, also known as the War of Pacification in Nanzhong, was a military campaign that took place in 225 during the early Three Kingdoms period (220–280) in China. It was led by Zhuge Liang, the Imperial Chancellor of the state of Shu Han, against the opposing forces in the Nanzhong region (covering parts of present-day Yunnan, Guizhou and southern Sichuan). The campaign was a response to rebellions started by local governors in the Nanzhong region and intrusions by the Nanman (literally: "southern barbarians").

Lady Zhurong
Lady Zhurong, sometimes referred to as Madam Zhurong, is a fictional character in the 14th-century Chinese historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. She is the wife of the Nanman chieftain Meng Huo, who rules the lands in the Nanzhong region of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China. She claims descent from the Chinese fire deity Zhurong, from whom she acquires her name. Zhurong is the only woman in the novel who participates in fighting and battles against Shu forces alongside her husband.

In the Beijing opera Dragon and Phoenix Headgear (龍鳳巾), Zhurong and Meng Huo have a daughter named Huaman.
Talât Aydemir
Ahmet Talât Aydemir (1917 in Söğüt – 5 July 1964 in Altındağ) was a Turkish officer who led two unsuccessful military coup attempts on February 22, 1962 and May 20, 1963 and was executed for his part in them.

Söğüt
Söğüt (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈsœ.yt], lit. 'willow') is a town in Bilecik Province, Turkey. It is the seat of Söğüt District. Its population is 13,566 (2021). The mayor is İsmet Sever (MHP), elected in 2019.

Söğüt is notable as the founding location and first capital of the Ottoman Empire from 1281 to 1335.
The Hot Shoe
The Hot Shoe is a 2004 documentary film which also reveals the history and development of card counting. Director David Layton interviewed current and former card counters, including members of the MIT Blackjack Team, casino employees and gambling authors, and combined it with behind-the-scenes footage of casino surveillance rooms and the MIT team preparing to hit the tables. Layton learned how to count cards and gambled with $5,000 of the film's budget as a "case study." The film reviews the mathematical aspects of card counting and key elements for winning blackjack.

Blackjack players interviewed for The Hot Shoe include:

Ian Andersen

Andy Bloch

Anthony Curtis

Peter Griffin

Tommy Hyland

Max Rubin

Ralph Stricker

Edward Thorp

Olaf Vancura

Stanford Wong

Blackjack
Blackjack (formerly black jack or vingt-un) is a casino banking game.: 342  It is the most widely played casino banking game in the world. It uses decks of 52 cards and descends from a global family of casino banking games known as "twenty-one". This family of card games also includes the European games vingt-et-un and pontoon, and the Russian game Ochko. The game is a comparing card game where players compete against the dealer, rather than each other.
Aquila (Roman)
An aquila (Classical Latin: [ˈakᶣɪla]; lit. 'eagle') was a prominent symbol used in ancient Rome, especially as the standard of a Roman legion. A legionary known as an aquilifer, the "eagle-bearer", carried this standard. Each legion carried one eagle. It represents the Eagle of Jove (Aëtos), being Jove the "Father of the Roman state".

The eagle had quasi-religious importance to the Roman soldier, far beyond being merely a symbol of his legion. To lose a standard was seen as extremely grave, shameful and dishonorable, and the Roman military went to great lengths both to protect a standard and to recover one if it were to be lost. For example,  after the annihilation of three legions in the Teutoburg Forest, the Romans spent decades retaliating for the defeat while also attempting to recover the three lost eagles.

No legionary eagle standards are known to have survived. However, other Roman eagles, either symbolizing imperial rule or used as funerary emblems, have been discovered.

Aëtos
In Greek mythology, Aëtos (Greek: Ἀετός, romanized: Aetós, lit. 'eagle') is an earth-born childhood companion of Zeus, the king of the gods, who served as the origin of the Eagle of Zeus, the most prominent symbol of the god of thunder.
Cecil King (rugby league)
Cecil Bryan King (21 June 1888 – 13 July 1975) was a New Zealand professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1910s. He played at representative level for New Zealand, Wellington and Taranaki, as a forward. In 1913 he moved to Auckland and played for Newton Rangers where he scored 2 tries and kicked a conversion during the season. He played 1 match for Auckland.

City Newton Dragons
The City Newton Dragons are a defunct New Zealand rugby league club that was based at Victoria Park, Auckland. The club was created in 1948 by a merger of two original clubs, the City Rovers and Newton Rangers. Both the Rovers and the Rangers participated in the inaugural Auckland Rugby League competition in 1910. In 2004, the club was absorbed by the Ponsonby Ponies, who play a match in the City Newton colours annually to keep the heritage of the club alive.
Forelimb
A forelimb or front limb is one of the paired articulated appendages (limbs) attached on the cranial (anterior) end of a terrestrial tetrapod vertebrate's torso. With reference to quadrupeds, the term foreleg or front leg is often used instead. In bipedal animals with an upright posture (e.g. humans and some other primates), the term upper limb is often used.

A forelimb is not to be confused with a forearm, which is a distal portion of the human upper limb between the elbow and the wrist.

All vertebrate forelimbs are homologous, meaning that they all evolved from the same structures. For example, the flipper of a turtle or of a dolphin, the arm of a human, the foreleg of a horse, and the wings of both bats and birds are ultimately homologous, despite the large differences between them.

Specific uses of the forelimbs may be analogous if they evolved from different sub-structures of the forelimb, such as the flippers of turtles and dolphins, and the wings of birds and bats.

Wrist
In human anatomy, the wrist is variously defined as (1) the carpus or carpal bones, the complex of eight bones forming the proximal skeletal segment of the hand; (2) the wrist joint or radiocarpal joint, the joint between the radius and the carpus and; (3) the anatomical region surrounding the carpus including the distal parts of the bones of the forearm and the proximal parts of the metacarpus or five metacarpal bones and the series of joints between these bones, thus referred to as wrist joints.  This region also includes the carpal tunnel, the anatomical snuff box, bracelet lines, the flexor retinaculum, and the extensor retinaculum.

As a consequence of these various definitions, fractures to the carpal bones are referred to as carpal fractures, while fractures such as distal radius fracture are often considered fractures to the wrist.