hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Resoluteness criterion
A voting system is called decisive, resolvable, or resolute if it ensures a low probability of tied elections. There are two different criterion that formalize this.

In Nicolaus Tideman's version of the criterion, adding one extra vote (with no tied ranks) should make the winner unique.

Douglas R. Woodall's version requires that the probability of a tied vote under an impartial culture model gives a tie approaches zero as the number of voters increases toward infinity.

A non-resolvable social choice function is often only considered to be a partial electoral method, sometimes called a voting correspondence or set-valued voting rule. Such methods frequently require tiebreakers that can substantially affect the result. However, non-resolute methods can be used as a first stage to eliminate candidates before ties are broken with some other method. Methods that have been used this way include the Copeland set, the Smith set, and the Landau set.

Nicolaus Tideman
Thorwald Nicolaus Tideman (/ˈtiːdɪmən/, not /ˈtaɪdmən/; born August 11, 1943, in Chicago, Illinois) is a Georgist economist and professor at Virginia Tech. He received his Bachelor of Arts in economics and mathematics from Reed College in 1965 and his PhD in economics from the University of Chicago in 1969. Tideman was an assistant professor of economics at Harvard University from 1969 to 1973, during which time from 1970 to 1971 he was a Senior Staff Economist for the President's Council of Economic Advisors. Since 1973, he has been at Virginia Tech, with various visiting positions at Harvard Kennedy School (1979–1980), University of Buckingham (1985–1986), and the American Institute for Economic Research (1999–2000).
Wadler
Wadler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gary I. Wadler (1939–2017), American internist with special expertise in the field of drug use in sports

Joyce Wadler (born 1948), American journalist and writer

Naomi Wadler (born 2006), American student and activist against gun violence

Philip Wadler (born 1956), American computer scientist

Philip Wadler
Philip Lee Wadler (born April 8, 1956) is a UK-based American computer scientist known for his contributions to programming language design and type theory. He holds the position of Personal Chair of theoretical computer science at the Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science at the School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh. He has contributed to the theory behind functional programming and the use of monads; and the designs of the purely functional language Haskell and the XQuery declarative query language. In 1984, he created the Orwell language. Wadler was involved in adding generic types to Java 5.0. He is also author of "Theorems for free!", a paper that gave rise to much research on functional language optimization (see also Parametricity).
Ekspress-AM4
Ekspress-AM4 was a Russian communications satellite placed into the wrong orbit from a faulty Briz-M rocket stage. This satellite was to be part of the Ekspress series of geostationary communications satellites owned by Russian Satellite Communications Company (RSCC). Proposals were made to reposition the satellite to provide broadband services to Antarctica, but ultimately the decision was made to de-orbit the satellite. On 28 March 2012, the satellite splashed into the Pacific Ocean.

Russian Satellite Communications Company
Federal State Unitary Enterprise Satellite Communications (Russian: ФГУП «Космическая связь») or Russian Satellite Communications Company is the main state operator of communications satellites. It is the Russian operator for the international satellite communications systems Intelsat, Eutelsat and Intersputnik, cooperating with these organizations and handling international account settlements.

As the national satellite operator, RSCC meets the important state tasks on providing mobile presidential and governmental communications, federal TV and Radio signal transmission over the territory of Russia and the most countries of the world.
Mario Alejandro Cuevas Mena
Mario Alejandro Cuevas Mena (born 16 May 1972) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the PRD. He served as Deputy of the LXII Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Yucatán, and he previously served in the LVII Legislature of the Congress of Yucatán.

LXII Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LXII Legislature of the Congress of the Union, the 62nd session of the Congress of Mexico, met from September 1, 2012, to August 31, 2015. It consisted of Senators and Deputies in their respective chambers. All members of both the lower and upper houses of the Congress were elected in the elections of July 2012.

Senators were elected for a six-year term during the 2012 elections, allowing them to serve in both the LXII and subsequent legislatures. Deputies, also elected in the 2012 elections, served exclusively during the LXII Legislature.

The composition of the LXII Legislature was as follows:
Georgia at the Olympics
Georgia first participated at the Olympic Games as an independent nation in 1994 and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games since then.

Previously, Georgian athletes competed as part of the Soviet Union at the Olympics from 1952 to 1988 and after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Georgia was part of the Unified Team in 1992.

Georgian athletes have won a total of 48 medals, mostly in wrestling, judo and weightlifting. Georgia won its first Winter Olympics medal in 2026, a silver medal in the mixed pairs figure skating event won by Anastasiia Metelkina and Luka Berulava.

The Georgian National Olympic Committee was created in 1989 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1993.

Unified Team at the Olympics
The Unified Team (Russian: Объединённая команда) was the name used for the sports team of the former Soviet Union 
(except the Baltic states) at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville and the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. The IOC country code was EUN, after the French name, Équipe unifiée (French: [ekip ynifje]). The Unified Team was sometimes informally called the CIS Team (Commonwealth of Independent States, as a counterpart of CIS national football team taking part in Euro 1992 of the same year), although Georgia did not join the CIS until 1993.

The team finished second in the medal table at the 1992 Winter Games, and first at the 1992 Summer Games, edging its old rival the US in the latter.
The Fairies (TV series)
The Fairies is an Australian preschool live-action children's television series created by Jenifer 'Jen' Watts and is based on two fairies: Harmony and Rainbow Rhapsody (known in the TV series as just Rhapsody). They also have friends, including Elf the Fairy Cake Maker, Barnaby the Bizzy Buzzy Bee and Wizzy the Wizard. Each episode of the third TV series would contain songs and dance routines. Originally it was a direct-to-video film series released by PolyGram Filmed Entertainment Australia in 1998 (The Fairies and A Fairy Merry Christmas) and ABC Video in 2000, before becoming a TV series in 2005. ABC for Kids released the TV series on DVD in 2005–09 (along with Christmas Ballet: Stage Show released in 2011), with merchandise releasing in Australia and America throughout the program's run and tours.

Magician (fantasy)
A magician, also known as an archmage, mage, magus, magic-user, spellcaster, enchanter/enchantress, sorcerer/sorceress, warlock, witch, or wizard, is someone who uses or practices magic derived from supernatural, occult, or arcane sources.: 54  Magicians enjoy a rich history in mythology, legends, fiction, and folklore, and are common figures in works of fantasy, such as fantasy literature and role-playing games.
Palaeolepidopterix
Palaeolepidopterix is an extinct genus of small primitive metallic moths within the extinct family Eolepidopterigidae, containing one species, Palaeolepidopterix aurea. It is known from the Late Jurassic (Oxfordian - Kimmeridgian) Karabastau Formation of Kazakhstan.

Late Jurassic
The Late Jurassic is the third epoch of the Jurassic period, and it spans the geologic time from 161.5 ± 1.0 to 143.1 ± 0.6 million years ago (Ma), which is preserved in Upper Jurassic strata.

In European lithostratigraphy, the name "Malm" indicates rocks of Late Jurassic age. In the past, Malm was also used to indicate the unit of geological time, but this usage is now discouraged to make a clear distinction between lithostratigraphic and geochronologic/chronostratigraphic units.
Indian Head Rail Trail
The Indian Head Rail Trail is a 13.1-mile (21.1 km), shared-use rail trail that runs from Indian Head, Maryland, to White Plains, Maryland. It was built on the abandoned right-of-way of the old Cape Charles Railroad, a subsidiary of the New York, Philadelphia and Norfolk Railroad (NYP&N), which ran from 1910 to 1972. Planned phases would extend the trail all the way to Cape Charles.

Indian Head, Maryland
Indian Head is a town in Charles County, Maryland, United States. The population was 3,894 at the 2020 U.S. census. It has been the site of a naval base specializing in gun and rocket propellants since 1890.  Production of nitrocellulose and smokeless powder began at the Indian Head Powder Factory in 1900. The name of the base has varied over the years from Indian Head Proving Ground, to Naval Powder Factory, to Naval Propellant Plant, to Naval Ordnance Station, to the present Naval Support Facility Indian Head. The facility's main tenant activity is the Indian Head Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC/IH). Advanced research in energetic systems takes place at NSWC/IH. NSWC/IH absorbed the function of the closed Naval Ordnance Laboratory, formerly in White Oak. The base currently employs 3,700 people.
Berberis gagnepainii
Berberis gagnepainii, or Gagnepain's barberry, is a species of flowering plant in the family Berberidaceae, first described in 1908. It is endemic to China, known from Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, and Yunnan Provinces.

Berberis gagnepainii is a shrub up to 2 m tall. The leaves are evergreen, simple, lanceolate to elliptical, toothed, the teeth tipped with short spines. The leaves and flowers are borne on short shoots in the axils of 3-parted spines. The inflorescence is a fascicle of 2-15 yellow flowers. The berries are glaucous (waxy), dark blue-black and oblong.: 100  Its habitats include montane thickets as well as forest margins and understories.

Its name is dedicated to François Gagnepain.

Berberidaceae
The Berberidaceae are a family of 18 genera of flowering plants commonly called the barberry family. This family is in the order Ranunculales. The family contains about 700 known species, of which the majority are in the genus Berberis. The species include trees, shrubs and perennial herbaceous plants.
Sundt
Sundt is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arthur Sundt (1899–1971), Norwegian politician

Egil Sundt (1903–1950), Norwegian lawyer and civil servant

Eilert Sundt (1817–1875), Norwegian theologist and sociologist

Guy Sundt (1898–1955), American athlete, coach and athletics administrator

Halfdan Sundt (1873–1951), Norwegian physician and politician

Harald Sundt (1873–1952), Norwegian businessman

Michael Andreas Sundt, Norwegian politician

Morten Ludvig Sundt (1809–1891), Norwegian farmer and politician

Petter C. G. Sundt (1945–2007), Norwegian businessman

Vigleik Trygve Sundt (1873–1948), Norwegian lawyer, genealogist and politician

Petter C. G. Sundt
Petter Christian Grüner Sundt (9 April 1945 – 28 November 2007) was a Norwegian shipping magnate and businessman.

Together with his cousin Morten Sig. Bergesen, in 1976 he took over the leadership of the company Bergesen d.y. after his grandfather Sigval Bergesen the Younger retired for health reasons. As a result of that, other members of the family wanted to sell their shares in the company. Ten years later Morten Bergesen and Petter Sundt took over ownership control and listed the company. They controlled the company until they sold it to the Sohmen-Pao family in 2003. Sundt received two billion kr (approximately US$368 million) for his shares in Bergesen d.y.

In 1983 he was decorated as a Commander of the Order of the Lion of Finland, together with Brynjulf and Morits Skaugen and Gjert and Arne Wilhelmsen.

Sundt died of cancer in November 2007.
Someone like You (SafetySuit song)
"Someone Like You" is the first single by alternative rock band SafetySuit from their debut album, Life Left to Go. It peaked at No. 17 on the Billboard Modern Rock chart and No. 27 on the Adult Top 40 chart.

Adult Pop Airplay
The Adult Pop Airplay (formerly known as Adult Pop Songs and Adult Top 40) chart is published weekly by Billboard magazine and ranks "the most popular adult top 40 as based on radio airplay detections measured by Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems."

It is a format in which the genre is geared more towards an adult audience who are not into hard rock, hip hop, or soft adult contemporary fare. The main genres within this format are a mix of soft and energetic adult contemporary music alongside adult alternative rock and adult-oriented pop music. It is not to be confused with the Adult Contemporary chart which contains more ballad-driven songs played on the radio. The current number-one song on the chart is "Opalite" by Taylor Swift.
Sălătrucu
Sălătrucu is a commune in Argeș County, in Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Sălătrucu and Văleni.

The Battle of Sălătrucu took place here, 16–23 October 1916, during the Romanian Campaign of World War I.

Battle of Sălătrucu
The Battle of Sălătrucu was a military engagement during the Romanian Campaign of World War I. It took place after the Battle of Transylvania and resulted in a Romanian victory. A mixed Central Powers force – under German leadership but with mostly Austro-Hungarian troops – conducted a failed offensive into Romanian territory, south of the Turnu Roșu Pass.
Una casa in cima al mondo
"Una casa in cima al mondo" is a 1966 Italian song composed by Vito Pallavicini and Pino Donaggio.  The song  premiered at the 16th edition of the Sanremo Music Festival, with a double performance by Donaggio and Claudio Villa, and placed at the fourth place.

The song got an immediate commercial success, with the Donaggio's version peaking at the eleventh place on the Italian hit parade. It was immediately covered by Mina, and her version got an even larger success, ranking #8 on the Italian hit parade. Donaggio and Mina also recorded a Spanish version of the song, "Una casa encima del mundo".

It was later covered by numerous artists in several languages, including a French version titled "Demain" recorded by  Josephine Baker and Luis Mariano, a Portuguese version titled "Uma Casa Sobre O Mundo" by João Dias, and an English version titled "Don't Cry" recorded by The Ray Charles Singers.

Claudio Villa
Claudio Villa (born Claudio Pica; 1 January 1926 – 7 February 1987) was an Italian singer and actor. He recorded over 3000 songs, sold 45 million records, and appeared in 25 musicals during his career.
William Steinkamp
William Steinkamp (June 9, 1953 – March 25, 2025) was an American film editor with more than 20 film credits. He had a longstanding, notable collaboration with director Sydney Pollack, editing nearly all of Pollack's films from Tootsie (1982) through the director's last film, The Interpreter (2005).

The Interpreter (2005 film)
The Interpreter is a 2005 political thriller film directed by Sydney Pollack, starring Nicole Kidman, Sean Penn, Catherine Keener, and Jesper Christensen. It was the first film shot inside the United Nations Headquarters, as well as the final feature film directed by Pollack before his death in 2008.

An international co-production between the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, and France, the film was released in all four countries in April 2005. It received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $162 million against its $80 million budget.
Apostolache
Apostolache is a commune in Prahova County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Apostolache, Buzota, Mârlogea, Udrești, and Valea Cricovului.

The commune is situated towards the northern edge of the Wallachian Plain, at an altitude of 184 m (604 ft), on the banks of the river Cricovul Sărat. It is located in the central-east part of Prahova County, 28 km (17 mi) northwest of the town of Mizil and 38 km (24 mi) northeast of the county seat, Ploiești.

Muntenia
Muntenia (Romanian pronunciation: [munˈteni.a], also known in English as Greater Wallachia) is a historical region of Romania, part of Wallachia (also, sometimes considered Wallachia proper, as Muntenia, Țara Românească, and the rarely used Valahia are synonyms in Romanian). It is situated between the Danube (south and east), the Carpathian Mountains (the Transylvanian Alps branch) and Moldavia (both north), and the Olt River to the west. The latter river is the border between Muntenia and Oltenia (or Lesser Wallachia). Part of the traditional border between Wallachia/Muntenia and Moldavia was formed by the rivers Milcov and Siret.
Gurnee, Illinois
Gurnee (/ɡərˈniː/ ghər-NEE) is a village in Lake County, in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 census, its population was 30,706. Located in the Chicago metropolitan area, it borders the city of Waukegan. It is roughly 40 miles (64 km) north of Chicago and 50 miles (80 km) south of Milwaukee. The village was founded in 1928 and is named after former Chicago mayor Walter S. Gurnee.

The village is a major regional tourist attraction, home to the Six Flags Great America and Hurricane Harbor Chicago amusement park and water park complex, the Gurnee Mills shopping mall, and the Great Wolf Lodge resort. As a result, the village attracts more than 23 million visitors annually, accessible via Interstate 94, which runs directly through the village.

Tourist attraction
A tourist attraction is a place of interest that tourists visit, typically for its inherent or exhibited natural or cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, offering leisure and amusement.
Tremella coffeicolor
Tremella coffeicolor is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces brown, lobed to foliaceous, gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) and is parasitic on other fungi on dead branches of broad-leaved trees. It was originally described from Bermuda, where it was collected as part of the Challenger expedition.

Basidiocarp
In fungi, a basidiocarp, basidiome, or basidioma (pl. basidiomata) is the sporocarp of a basidiomycete, the multicellular structure on which the spore-producing hymenium is borne. Basidiocarps are characteristic of the hymenomycetes; rusts and smuts do not produce such structures. As with other sporocarps, epigeous (above-ground) basidiocarps that are visible to the naked eye (especially those with a more or less agaricoid morphology) are commonly referred to as mushrooms, while hypogeous (underground) basidiocarps are usually called false truffles.
Dunedin Tunnels Trail
The Dunedin Tunnels Trail is a proposed 15 km (9.3 mi) shared walking and cycling path in Otago, New Zealand, that is partially open. It will connect the town of Mosgiel to the Dunedin city centre. The trail will follow the former Victorian-era railway alignment between Wingatui and Caversham, featuring two historic rail tunnels: the Chain Hills Tunnel and the Caversham Tunnel.

The route provides a flat, off-road connection between several Dunedin suburbs, including Fairfield, Abbotsford, Green Island, and Burnside.

Green Island, New Zealand
Green Island is a suburb of Dunedin, New Zealand. Not an actual island, this former borough takes its name from the Green Island bush, uncleared native forest extending from the valley where the community is centred over the hills towards the coast. The name of the nearby offshore island — Green Island (Okaihe) — was used to identify the bush and, thus, also lent its name to the mainland suburb.
Muumuu House
Muumuu House is an independent, small press publishing company and online literary magazine based formerly in Manhattan, New York, and currently in Hawaii that was founded by writer Tao Lin in 2008. Muumuu House publishes poetry, fiction, and nonfiction in print and online.

Muumuu House has published print books by writers Zac Smith, Megan Boyle, Brandon Scott Gorrell, and Ellen Kennedy.

Online publications have included works by Jordan Castro, Ben Lerner, Sheila Heti, Michael W. Clune, Deb Olin Unferth, Sam Pink,Megan Boyle, Anna Dorn, Stacey Levine, Matthew Davis, and Matthew Rohrer.

Jordan Castro
Jordan Castro  (born 1992 or 1993) is an American writer and editor.  He is the author of two books of poetry and two novels. He was the editor of Tyrant Books online magazine from late 2016 until it closed in 2021. His second novel, Muscle Man, was published in September, 2025.
It's a Boy (film)
It's a Boy is a 1933 British comedy film directed by Tim Whelan and starring Leslie Henson, Albert Burdon and Edward Everett Horton. It is a farce about a blackmailer who attempts to demand money from a young woman on the brink of marriage. It was based on the 1931 play It's a Boy by Austin Melford, an English adaption of the 1926 play Hurra, ein Junge by Franz Arnold and Ernst Bach. with sets designed by the art director Alex Vetchinsky.

Farce
Farce is a form of comedy that relies on exaggerated, improbable, or ridiculous situations to entertain an audience. It is typically marked by physical humor, absurdity, satire or parody, improbable scenarios, misunderstandings, and broadly stylized characters and performances.
1994 Scottish Challenge Cup final
The 1994 Scottish Challenge Cup final, also known as the B&Q Cup final for sponsorship reasons, was an association football match between Dundee and Airdrieonians on 6 November 1994 at McDiarmid Park in Perth. It was the fifth final of the Scottish Challenge Cup since it was first organised in 1990 to celebrate the centenary of the Scottish Football League.

The match was Dundee's first national cup final since winning the inaugural tournament in 1990 whilst it was Airdrieonians's first in only two years since contesting the 1992 Scottish Cup final. The tournament was contested by clubs below the Scottish Premier Division, with both finalists from the First Division.

Airdrieonians F.C. (1878)
Airdrieonians Football Club, more commonly known as Airdrie, was a Scottish professional football team from the town of Airdrie, in the Monklands area of Lanarkshire.

The club became defunct at the end of the Scottish Football League 2001–02 season, despite the team finishing as runners-up in the SFL First Division to Partick Thistle and therefore only narrowly missing out on promotion to the Scottish Premier League.

During their 124-year existence the "Diamonds", as they were nicknamed, won the old Scottish Division Two three times, the Spring Cup once and the Scottish Challenge Cup on three occasions. The club also competed in four separate Scottish Cup finals; winning the competition in 1924.

Airdrieonians were the first club in the Scottish League to fold since 1967, when Third Lanark went bankrupt.
Peggy Jackson
Frances Anne "Peggy" Jackson (born 1951) was Archdeacon of Llandaff from 2009 to 2021.

She was educated at Somerville College, Oxford and became a chartered accountant. She was ordained deacon in 1987 and priest in 1994. After a curacy in Ilkeston she held incumbencies in Hemel Hempstead and Mortlake until her appointment as Archdeacon. She was collated on 31 May 2009. She retired on 31 July 2021.

Hemel Hempstead
Hemel Hempstead (/ˌhɛməl ˈhɛmpstɪd/) is a town in the Dacorum district of Hertfordshire, England. It is located 24 miles (39 km) north-west of London; nearby towns and cities include Watford, St Albans and Berkhamsted. The population at the 2021 census was 95,961.

Hemel Hempstead has existed since at least the 8th century and was granted its town charter by Henry VIII in 1539. It has expanded and developed in recent decades after being designated as a New Town after the end of the Second World War.