hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Politics of Haryana
The key political players in Haryana state in northern India are the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party, the Indian National Congress, the Indian National Lok Dal, The Sarvahit Party and smaller parties like the Haryana Janhit Congress and the Bahujan Samaj Party partaking in various state (Haryana Legislative Assembly) and national level (Lok sabha) elections in Haryana.

The dynastic political clans of Haryana are often criticised for the infamous self-serving politics of the Aaya Ram Gaya Ram turncoats who notoriously engage in frequent party switching, political horse trading, unholy political alliances, political corruption, political cronyism, nepotistic-dynastic rule, which serves their clan more than it serves their voters and people of Haryana they are ought to serve.

Nepotism
Nepotism is the act of granting an advantage, privilege, or position to relatives in an occupation or field. These fields can include business, politics, academia, entertainment, sports, religion or health care. In concept, it is similar to cronyism.

The term originated with the assignment of nephews, sons, or other relatives to important positions by Catholic popes and bishops. Nepotism has been criticized since ancient history by philosophers, including Aristotle, Valluvar, and Confucius, condemning it as both evil and unwise.
Jonathan Root (photographer)
Jonathan Root is an English portrait photographer.

His subjects include: David Hockney, Peter Blake, Allen Jones, Gilbert & George, Philippe Starck, Marc Newson, Richard Rogers, Norman Foster, Zaha Hadid, Alan Bennett, Mark Rylance, Lord Bath, and Nicholas Haslam.

His portraits of Gavin Turk, Craigie Aitchison, David Adjaye, John Winter, Lord Harewood and Lord March are part of The National Portrait Gallery Photographs Collection.

His exhibitions include:

“The John Kobal Photographic Portrait Awards” 1995, 1996 and 2000.

“The Edwardian Drape Society” (Tapestry Gallery) 2004.

“Lords and Ladies” (Tapestry Gallery) 2004.

“Sitting Pretty” (Rabih Hage Gallery) 2007.

Charles Gordon-Lennox, 11th Duke of Richmond
Charles Henry Gordon Lennox, 11th Duke of Richmond, 11th Duke of Lennox, 11th Duke of Aubigny, 6th Duke of Gordon, CBE, DL (born 8 January 1955), styled Lord Settrington until 1989 and then Earl of March and Kinrara until 2017, is a British aristocrat and owner of the  Goodwood Estate in Sussex. He is the founder of the Goodwood Festival of Speed and the Goodwood Revival.

The Duke of Richmond serves as President of the British Automobile Racing Club, Patron of the TT Riders Association, and is an honorary member of the British Racing Drivers Club, the Guild of Motoring Writers and the 500 Owners Club. He was awarded an honorary Fellowship by the University of Chichester in 2009.
Marathon Pharmaceuticals
Marathon Pharmaceuticals LLC was a privately held biopharmaceuticals company focused on drugs for people with rare diseases. The Illinois-based company developed and manufactured therapeutics and brought them to market. It employed 100 people in four global locations. In 2017, PTC Therapeutics acquired rights to Marathon Pharmaceuticals' drug Emflaza (deflazacort) for $140 million after criticism about their plan to sell the drug at a list price of $89,000 per year to sufferers despite the fact that the same drug was available in Canada and the UK for around $1,000 per year.

Therapy
A therapy or medical treatment is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a medical diagnosis. Both words, treatment and therapy, are often abbreviated tx, Tx, or Tx.

As a rule, each therapy has indications and contraindications.  There are many different types of therapy.  Not all therapies are effective.  Many therapies can produce unwanted adverse effects.

Treatment and therapy are often synonymous, especially in the usage of health professionals. However,  in the context of mental health, the term therapy may refer specifically to psychotherapy.

A therapist is a person who offers any modality of therapy. Therapist refers to trained professionals engaged in providing services any kind of treatment or rehabilitation.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 71
United Nations Security Council Resolution 71 was adopted on 27 July 1949. Asked by the General Assembly under what conditions Liechtenstein might become a party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice, the Council determined that should Liechtenstein accept the provisions of the Statute, accept all the obligations of a member of the United Nations under Article 94 of the Charter, undertake to contribute to the expenses of the Court and ratify the Statute, Liechtenstein would become a party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice.

The resolution was adopted with nine votes to none; the Ukrainian SSR and Soviet Union abstained from the vote.

Statute of the International Court of Justice
The Statute of the International Court of Justice is an integral part of the United Nations Charter, as specified by Chapter XIV of the United Nations Charter, which established the International Court of Justice (replacing the Permanent Court of International Justice).
Esophageal spasm
Esophageal spasm is a disorder of motility of the esophagus.

There are two types of esophageal spasm:

Diffuse or distal esophageal spasm (DES), where there is uncoordinated esophageal contractions

Nutcracker esophagus (NE) also known as hypertensive peristalsis, where the contractions are coordinated but with an excessive amplitude.

Both conditions are linked to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). DES and nutcracker esophagus present similarly and can may require esophageal manometry for differentiation.

When the coordinated muscle contraction are irregular or uncoordinated, this condition may be called diffuse esophageal spasm. These spasms can prevent food from reaching the stomach where food gets stuck in the esophagus. At other times the coordinated muscle contraction is very powerful, which is called nutcracker esophagus. These contractions move food through the esophagus but can cause severe pain.

Eosinophilic esophagitis
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an allergic inflammatory condition of the esophagus that involves eosinophils, a type of white blood cell.  In healthy individuals, the esophagus is typically devoid of eosinophils. In EoE, eosinophils migrate to the esophagus in large numbers. When a trigger food is eaten, the eosinophils contribute to tissue damage and inflammation. Symptoms include swallowing difficulty, food impaction, vomiting, and heartburn.

Eosinophilic esophagitis was first described in children but also occurs in adults. The condition is poorly understood, but food allergy may play a significant role. The treatment may consist of removing known or suspected triggers and medication to suppress the immune response. In severe cases, it may be necessary to enlarge the esophagus with an endoscopy procedure.

While knowledge about EoE has been increasing rapidly, diagnosing it can be challenging because the symptoms and histopathologic findings are not specific.
Serbia women's national 3x3 team
The Serbian women's national 3x3 team (Serbian: Женска репрезентација Србије у баскету / Ženska reprezentacija Srbije u basketu) represents Serbia in international 3x3 basketball matches and is controlled by the Basketball Federation of Serbia.

3x3 basketball
3x3 basketball (stylized as ƐX3, pronounced three-ex-three) is a variation of basketball played three-a-side, with one backboard and in a half-court setup. This basketball game format is currently being promoted and structured by FIBA, the sport's governing body. Its primary competition is an annual FIBA 3X3 World Tour, comprising a series of Masters and one Final tournament, and awarding six-figure prize money in US dollars. The FIBA 3x3 World Cups for men and women are the highest tournaments for national 3x3 teams. The 3x3 format has been adopted for both the Olympics and the Commonwealth Games.
Jeju Provincial Council
The Jeju Provincial Council, officially the Jeju Special Self-Governing Provincial Council (Korean: 제주특별자치도의회) is the local council of Jeju Province, South Korea.

There are a total of 43 members, with 31 members elected in the first-past-the-post voting system and 7 members elected in party-list proportional representation. In addition, five education members are also elected under the First-past-the-post voting system.

Party-list proportional representation
Party-list proportional representation (list-PR) is a system of proportional representation based on preregistered political parties, with each party being allocated a certain number of seats  roughly proportional to their share of the vote.

In these systems, parties provide lists of candidates to be elected, or candidates may declare their affiliation with a political party (in some open-list systems). Seats are distributed by election authorities to each party, in proportion to the number of votes the party receives. Voters may cast votes for parties, as in Spain, Turkey, and Israel (closed lists); or for candidates whose vote totals are pooled together to determine the share of representation of their respective parties, as in Finland, Brazil, and the Netherlands (mixed single vote or panachage).
Mwenge, Masasi Town
Mwenge is an administrative ward in Masasi Town Council of Mtwara Region in Tanzania. 
The ward covers an area of 90.4 km2 (34.9 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 379 m (1,243 ft). According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 7,222.

Mtwara Region
Mtwara Region (Mkoa wa Mtwara in Swahili)  is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions, with its capital as the municipality of Mtwara. Mtwara Region is home to one of the most influential peoples in Tanzania, the Makonde. Mtwara is home to Tanzania's 3rd president Benjamin Mkapa and is home to a number of influential artists. The boundary with Mozambique to the south is formed by the Ruvuma River. To the west, Mtwara is bordered by Ruvuma Region, to the north by Lindi Region, and to the east is the Indian Ocean.

Mtwara Region is known for being the nation's largest producer of cashew nuts. According to the 2012 national census, the region had a population of 1,270,854, which was lower than the pre-census projection of 1,374,767.: page 2  For 2002-2012, the region's 1.2 percent average annual population growth rate was the 26th highest in the country.: page 4  It was also the fourteenth most densely populated region with 76 people per square kilometer.: page 6
Cooper T51
The Cooper T51 was a Formula One and Formula Two racing car designed by Owen Maddock and built by the Cooper Car Company for the 1959 Formula One season. The T51 earned a significant place in motor racing history when Jack Brabham drove the car to become the first driver to win the World Championship of Drivers with an engine mounted behind them, in 1959. The T51 was raced in several configurations by various entrants until 1963 and in all no less than 38 drivers were entered to drive T51s in Grand Prix races.

Maserati
Maserati S.p.A. (Italian: [mazeˈraːti]) is an Italian luxury car manufacturer. Established on 1 December 1914 in Bologna, Italy, the company's headquarters are now in Modena, and its emblem is a trident. The company has been owned by Stellantis since 2021.
Dubičné
Dubičné (German: Dubiken) is a municipality and village in České Budějovice District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.

Dubičné lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of České Budějovice and 123 km (76 mi) south of Prague.

České Budějovice
České Budějovice (Czech: [ˈtʃɛskɛː ˈbuɟɛjovɪtsɛ] ⓘ; German: Budweis) is a city in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 97,000 inhabitants. The city is located in the valley of the Vltava River, at its confluence with the Malše.

České Budějovice is the largest city in the region and its political and commercial capital, the seat of the Diocese of České Budějovice and the University of South Bohemia. It is famous for the Budweiser Budvar Brewery. The historic city centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.
Bryan Edward Quarles van Ufford
Bryan Edward Quarles van Ufford (27 May 1920, Semarang, Dutch East Indies — 21 September 1975 Leiden) was a diplomat from the Netherlands. As of 1972, he was Dutch ambassador to Luxembourg.  Later he served as the leader of the Dutch delegation to the Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions (MBFR) exploratory talks in Vienna in early 1973.

Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions
The Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions (MBFR) talks were a series of negotiations aimed at limiting and reducing conventional (non-nuclear) forces in Europe held in Vienna between NATO and Warsaw Pact countries from 1973 to 1989.
Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference
The Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) was a college athletic conference that existed from 1908 to 1970 in the United States.

At one time the Illinois Intercollegiate Athletic Conference, or IIAC, was a robust league that claimed most of the Illinois institutions of higher education. It was nicknamed the "Little Nineteen," but in 1928 had a membership of 23 schools.  Former Illinois State University track coach Joseph Cogdal, associated with the IIAC for 43 years of its 62-year history, noted that the league had roots in the 1870s when a number of schools banded together for oratorical contests. Their first intercollegiate football game was played in 1881 between Illinois State University and Knox College, and by 1894 a football association was established.

Joe Cogdal
Joseph T. Cogdal (March 22, 1897 – July 3, 1978) was an American football and basketball coach. He served as the head football at Findlay College—now known as the University of Findlay–in Findlay, Ohio and Illinois State Normal University—now known as Illinois State University—in Normal, Illinois from 1927 to 1930.

After arriving at the university in 1927, he remained until at least the 1960s. He died in 1978.

Cogdal competed in track and field collegiately for the Millikin Big Blue.
Nippon Connection
Nippon Connection is a festival for Japanese film which takes place in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, every year in early summer.
The festival is organized by the nonprofit organization “Nippon Connection e.V.”.  Nippon Connection has become the biggest platform for contemporary Japanese film worldwide, with about 20,000 participants in 2025. The 26th festival edition will take place June 2 to 7, 2026.

Ryūichi Hiroki
Ryūichi Hiroki (廣木 隆一, Hiroki Ryūichi; born January 1, 1954) is a Japanese film director. He won critical acclaim for 800 Two Lap Runners. Film critic and researcher Alexander Jacoby has described Hiroki as "one of the modern Japanese cinema's most intelligent students of character".
Pile hitch
The pile hitch is a kind of hitch, which is a knot used for attaching rope to a pole or other structure. The pile hitch is very easy to tie and can be tied in the bight, without access to either end of the rope, making it a valuable tool.

A pile hitch may be easily and quickly tied either in the end or bight of a heavy line. It is remarkably secure and is easy to cast off when the left bight has been loosened by a single well-aimed kick. Recommended for medium and heavy lines.— The Ashley Book of Knots

The Ashley Book of Knots
The Ashley Book of Knots (ABoK) is an encyclopedia of knots written and illustrated by the American sailor and artist Clifford W. Ashley. First published in 1944, it was the culmination of over 11 years of work. The book contains 3,857 numbered entries and approximately 7,000 illustrations. The entries include knot instructions, uses, and some histories, categorized by type or function. It remains one of the most important and comprehensive books on knots.
Crnče (Bela Palanka)
Crnče (Serbian Cyrillic: Црнче) is a village in the municipality of Bela Palanka, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of  64 people. The village has a slight connection with big-serving tennis ace Ivo Karlović as his father came from a nearby farm.  Ivo has often returned to the area however since a confrontation with local police over an alleged incident of exposure he has ceased such visits until such time as he receives an official apology and retraction of the allegation.

Municipalities and cities of Serbia
The municipalities and cities (Serbian: општине и градови / opštine i gradovi) are the first-level administrative division and the basic level of local government of Serbia. The country is divided into 145 municipalities and 29 cities.

Municipalities and cities form 29 administrative districts, except the City of Belgrade which is not part of any district.
Standard wet liner inline-four engine
The Standard wet liner inline-four engine was an inline four cylinder petrol engine produced by the Standard Motor Company. Originally developed concurrently for passenger car use and for the Ferguson TE20 tractor, it was widely used for Standard passenger cars of the 1950s, most notably the Vanguard. Later it was successfully used in Standard's popular early generation Triumph TR series sports cars.

The water-cooled overhead valve engine  featured novel advances for an immediate post-war design, which included thin-wall bearings with replaceable shells and loose-fitted wet liners. Displacement varied from 1,850 cc to 2,088 cc (and 2,188 cc in a tractor variant), growing with time.

Petrol engine
A petrol engine (gasoline engine in American and Canadian English) is an internal combustion engine that runs on petrol (gasoline). Petrol engines can often be adapted to also run on fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas and ethanol blends (such as E10 and E85). They may be designed to run on petrol with a higher octane rating, as sold at petrol stations.

Most petrol engines use spark ignition, unlike diesel engines which run on diesel fuel and typically use compression ignition. Another key difference to diesel engines is that petrol engines typically have a lower compression ratio.
National Dance Awards 2006
To recognise excellence in professional dance in the United Kingdom, The Critics' Circle organised and presented the National Dance Awards 2006.  The ceremony was held at the Sadler's Wells Theatre, London, on 25 January 2007, with awards given for productions staged in the previous year.

The Royal Ballet
The Royal Ballet is a British classical ballet company, based at the Royal Opera House in Covent Garden, London, England. The largest of the five major ballet companies in Great Britain, the Royal Ballet was founded in 1931 by Dame Ninette de Valois. It became the resident ballet company of the Royal Opera House in 1946, and has purpose-built facilities within these premises. It was granted a royal charter in 1956, becoming recognised as Britain's flagship ballet company.

The Royal Ballet was one of the foremost ballet companies of the 20th century, and continues to be one of the world's most famous ballet companies to this day, generally noted for its artistic and creative values. The company employs approximately 100 dancers. The official associate school of the company is the Royal Ballet School, and it also has a sister company, the Birmingham Royal Ballet, which operates independently. The prima ballerina assoluta of the Royal Ballet is the late Dame Margot Fonteyn.
Nikolai Ukk
Nikolai Yurevich Ukk (Russian: Николай Юрьевич Укк; born 20 February 1980) is a Russian badminton player. He won the men's doubles title at the 2011 National Championships partnering with Andrey Ashmarin. Currently residing in Saint Petersburg, Ukk works as a trainer-teacher of the badminton at the Kometa Sports School. In 2013, he won Hellas International tournament in men's doubles event with his partner Nikolaj Nikolaenko.

Hellas International
The Hellas International or Greece International in badminton is an international open held in Athens, Greece since 2000 and are thereby one of the most recent international championships in Europe. In 2005, the tournament then upgraded to two star badminton event, the World Grand Prix with the total prize money $50,000. The tournament was held in Thessaloniki, and draws more than 120 players from 22 countries. In 2006, the tournament was known as Hellas International, and in season 2007/2008 it was introduced again in the European circuit as an BWF International Series with the total pursue $5,000.
Caradon Hill transmitting station
The Caradon Hill transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility on Bodmin Moor in the civil parish of Linkinhorne, located on Caradon Hill, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is 4 miles (6.4 km) north of Liskeard, and 3⁄4 mile (1.2 km) south-east of Minions, the highest village in Cornwall (grid reference SX273707). Built in 1961, the station includes a 237.7 metres (780 ft) guyed steel lattice mast. The mean height for the television antennas is 603 metres (1,978 ft) above sea level. The site has a smaller towers used for telecommunications and a wireless internet signal. It is owned and operated by Arqiva.

The South Caradon Copper Mine, 1,000 yards (0.91 km) to the SW of the transmitter, was the largest copper mine in the UK in its heyday, 150 years ago. Many other copper, tin and granite mines are scattered around the base of the hill.

Radio masts and towers
Radio masts and towers are typically tall structures designed to support antennas for telecommunications and broadcasting, including television. There are two main types: guyed and self-supporting structures. They are among the tallest human-made structures. Masts are often named after the broadcasting organizations that originally built them or currently use them.

A mast radiator or radiating tower is one in which the metal mast or tower itself is energized and functions as the transmitting antenna.
1873 in birding and ornithology
Birds described in 1873 include the white-browed tit-warbler, Bartlett's tinamou, Von Schrenck's bittern, Raggiana bird-of-paradise, spangled coquette, Sangihe hanging parrot and the white-crowned penduline tit.

Raggiana bird-of-paradise
The Raggiana bird-of-paradise (Paradisaea raggiana), also known as Count Raggi's bird-of-paradise, is a large bird in the bird-of-paradise family Paradisaeidae.

It is distributed widely in southern and northeastern New Guinea, where its name is kumul. It is also known as cenderawasih. As requested by Count Luigi Maria D'Albertis, the epithet raggiana commemorates the Marquis Francesco Raggi of Genoa.

The Raggiana bird-of-paradise is the national bird of Papua New Guinea. In 1971, this species, as Gerrus paradisaea, was made the national emblem and was included on the national flag. "The Kumuls" ("birds-of-paradise" in Tok Pisin) is also the nickname of the country's national rugby league team.