hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cornelis Andries Backer
Cornelis Andries Backer (1874–1963) was a Dutch botanist and pteridologist. He was born on 18 September 1874 in Oudenbosch and died on 22 February 1963 at Heemstede, The Netherlands. He stayed thirty years in the Dutch East Indies and did research on plant taxonomy on the islands of Java and Madura.

Plant taxonomy
Plant taxonomy is the science that finds, identifies, describes, classifies, and names plants. It is one of the main branches of taxonomy—the science that finds, describes, classifies, and names living organisms.

Plant taxonomy is closely allied to plant systematics, and there is no sharp boundary between the two. In practice, "plant systematics" involves relationships between plants and their evolution, especially at the higher levels, whereas "plant taxonomy" deals with the actual handling of plant specimens. The precise relationship between taxonomy and systematics, however, has changed along with the goals and methods employed.

Plant taxonomy is well known for being turbulent, and traditionally not having any close agreement on circumscription and placement of taxa. See the list of systems of plant taxonomy.
La chismosa del solar
"La chismosa del solar" is a guaguancó written by Miguel Sarría and first recorded by Los Muñequitos de Matanzas in 1970. The song was covered in 1975 by Alfredo "Chocolate" Armenteros ("Nicolasa") and Sonora Ponceña ("Tiene pimienta") and released on LP and single format by both artists. A standard of the rumba repertoire, the song was reworked by Lázaro Rizo, a member of Pancho Quinto's group, as "Lenguasá", also known as "Tremendo chuchuchú", which was covered by Orquesta Revé on their successful 1991 album Mi salsa tiene sandunga. The song was later recorded by Pancho Quinto, featuring Omar Sosa on piano, and it has since been covered by other rumba ensembles such as Grupo Mezcla and Rumberos de Cuba.

The song's satirical lyrics deal with gossip and social behaviors in a similar way to "Hipocresía y falsedad" by Ray Barretto, also released in 1970, as well as the poetry of Nicolás Guillén.

Pancho Quinto
Francisco Hernández Mora (April 23, 1933 – February 11, 2005), better known as Pancho Quinto, was a Cuban rumba percussionist and teacher. He was the founder of Yoruba Andabo and one of the "godfathers" of the guarapachangueo style of Cuban rumba. His solo career began in the 1990s after he gained international attention through his collaborations with Jane Bunnett and other artists.
Kamoro language
The Kamoro language is an Asmat–Kamoro language spoken in Western New Guinea,  specifically in Mimika Regency, Central Papua by approximately 8,000 people. Dialect diversity is notable, and Kamoro should perhaps not be considered a single language.

Mimika Regency
Mimika Regency is one of the regencies (kabupaten) in the Indonesian province of Central Papua. It covers an area of 21,693.51 km2, and had a population of 182,001 at the 2010 Census, which grew to 311,969 at the 2020 Census. The official estimate as of mid-2024 was 492,896 - a 58% gain from 2020. The administrative centre is the town of Timika, which lies within Mimika Baru District, which had 143,367 inhabitants in mid-2023 but this figure officially more than doubled to 318,679 in mid 2024. The regency covers the entire south coast of its province. The only other coastal regency of Central Papua is Nabire Regency, covering the north coast.
Rochlitzer Berg
Rochlitzer Berg is a mountain of volcanic origin in Saxony, southeastern Germany. It is situated south-west of the town of Rochlitz on the river Zwickauer Mulde. Its elevation is variously given as 348.9 m NHN, 348 m HN or 353 m NN. The mountain is also known as Rochlitzer Collm.

Normalnull
Normalnull ("standard zero") or Normal-Null (short N. N. or NN) is an outdated official vertical datum used in Germany. Elevations using this reference system were to be marked Meter über Normal-Null (“meters above standard zero”). Normalnull has been replaced by Normalhöhennull (NHN).
Pefka, Attica
Pefka (Greek: Πεύκα), also known as Vgethi (Greek: Βγέθι), is a seaside town in East Attica, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Lavreotiki. Its population is 238 (2021). Vgethi is a quiet place only with scattered little houses and a beach which is visited, not only by the residents, but other people from the city and the suburbs too. It is located near Keratea from the North and to the South it is connected with Lavrio. It can be reached from the city through Lavriou Street.

East Attica
East Attica (Greek: Ανατολική Αττική) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Attica. The regional unit covers the eastern part of the urban agglomeration of Athens, and also the rural area to its east.
East Spanish Peak
East Spanish Peak is a prominent mountain summit that is the lower of the two Spanish Peaks in the Rocky Mountains of North America.  The 12,688-foot (3,867 m) peak is located in the Spanish Peaks Wilderness of San Isabel National Forest, 9.3 miles (14.9 km) southeast by south (bearing 148°) of the Town of La Veta, Colorado, United States, on the drainage divide between Huerfano and Las Animas counties.  The Spanish Peaks are two large igneous stocks which form an eastern outlier of the Culebra Range, a subrange of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains.  East Spanish Peak is higher than any point in the United States east of its longitude; it is also the easternmost point in the United States over 12,000 feet (3,700 m), 11,000 feet (3,400 m), and 10,000 feet (3,000 m) feet above sea level.

La Veta, Colorado
La Veta (/ləˈvitə/ lə-VEE-tə, Spanish for "the vein") is a statutory town in Huerfano County, Colorado, United States. La Veta sits at the base of the Spanish Peaks on the Highway of Legends National Scenic Byway.  The town population was 862 as of the 2020 United States census.
History of psychology (discipline)
History of psychology is the academic discipline concerned with studying the history of the study of psychology. Another term would be historiography of psychology. Postsecondary course titles and textbooks often combine history and systems of psychology; one chapter may address the history and tenets of structuralism, a subsequent chapter functionalism, a subsequent chapter behaviorism, etc.

The discipline is related to the history of human science, the history of emotions, and the history of psychiatry. These must be considered separately, however, as they have their own disciplinary norms.

Structuralism (psychology)
Structuralism in psychology (also structural psychology) is a theory of consciousness developed by Edward Bradford Titchener. This theory was challenged in the 20th century.

Structuralists seek to analyze the adult mind (the total sum of experience from birth to the present) in terms of the simplest definable components of experience and then to find how these components fit together to form more complex experiences as well as how they correlate to physical events. To do this, structuralists employ introspection: self-reports of sensations, views, feelings, and emotions.
Shelburne Wolves
The Shelburne Wolves were a Junior "A" ice hockey team from Shelburne, Ontario, Canada.  This defunct hockey team was a part of the Metro Junior A Hockey League and Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League.

Metro Junior A Hockey League
The Metro Junior "A" Hockey League was a junior level ice hockey league based out of Southern Ontario. The league originated in 1956 as the Metro Junior "B" Hockey League, which lasted until 1991, when it changed its designation from Junior B to Junior A. It remained a Jr. A league from 1991 until 1998 when it was absorbed by the Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League.
Ust-Kishert
Ust-Kishert (Russian: Усть-Кишерть) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Ust-Kishert, Perm Krai, a selo in Kishertsky District of Perm Krai

Ust-Kishert, Sverdlovsk Oblast, a village in Artinsky District of Sverdlovsk Oblast

Sverdlovsk Oblast
Sverdlovsk Oblast (Russian: Свердловская область, romanized: Sverdlovskaya oblast, [ʹsvʲɪrdˈlofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia located in the Ural Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Yekaterinburg, formerly known as "Sverdlovsk". Its population is 4,268,998 (according to the 2021 Census).
Sky News with Martin Stanford
Sky News with Martin Stanford is a news programme on Sky News which ran between 8:00pm and 10:00pm Monday to Friday between July 2006, and February 2007. As the name suggests, it was usually fronted by Martin Stanford. Occasional replacements included Colin Brazier and Martin Popplewell.

The show started on 10 July 2006, after a change in the channel's lineup. It replaced World News Tonight and then an hour of Sky News. It was interactive, encouraging viewers to webcam, send video messages or email to join debates about the day's top stories. The format changed for breaking news and it used different graphics and strings from other Sky News shows.

Following the show's cancellation in February 2007, Stanford moved back to presenting Sky News Today on weekday mornings from nine till noon, alongside Anna Jones.

Anna Jones (journalist)
Anna Jones (born 17 April 1966) is an English journalist and news presenter who currently presents for Sky News from 8pm to midnight each Friday-Sunday.

In 2015, Jones appeared in Sky One/NBC's You, Me and the Apocalypse as a news anchor.

In 2022 Anna Jones appeared briefly in the movie: All the Old Knives, as herself, a cameo role, as a TV news anchor.
Jordan Grant
Jordan Grant (born 22 March 1991) is a New Zealand field hockey player. She has competed for the New Zealand women's national field hockey team (the Black Sticks Women) since 2014, including at the 2014 Commonwealth Games.

New Zealand women's national field hockey team
The New Zealand women's national field hockey team is also known as the Black Sticks Women. The team's best performances include a gold medal at the 2018 Commonwealth Games, silver medal at the 2010 Commonwealth Games, a third placing at the 2011 Champions Trophy, and fourth placings at the 1986 World Cup, 2012 Summer Olympics and 2016 Summer Olympics. As of Jun 2024, the team ranks 11th on the International Hockey Federation (FIH) world rankings.
Katrin Amunts
Katrin Amunts is a German neuroscientist. She is the Professor of the  C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research at the University of Düsseldorf and is also Director of the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine in INM-1 in Forschungszentrum Jülich. She is one of the most prominent neuroscientists in brain mapping in the world. She is Scientific Research Director of the Human Brain Project.

Neuroscientist
A neuroscientist (or neurobiologist) is a scientist specializing in neuroscience that deals with the anatomy and function of neurons, neural circuits, and glia, and their behavioral, biological, and psychological roles in health and disease.

Neuroscientists generally work as researchers within a college, university, government agency, or private industry setting. In research-oriented careers, neuroscientists design and conduct scientific experiments on the nervous system and its functions. They can engage in basic or applied research. Basic research seeks to expand current understanding of the nervous system, whereas applied research seeks to address a specific problem, such as developing a treatment for a neurological disorder.

Neuroscientists have numerous career opportunities outside of academic research, including careers in industry, science writing, government program management, science advocacy, and education. A neuroscientist commonly holds a doctorate in a medical science.
Midtown Massacre
Midtown Massacre was a pair of professional wrestling live events produced by Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) on August 25 and August 26, 2000. The events were both held in the Hammerstein Ballroom in New York City, New York in the United States. Excerpts from Midtown Massacre aired on the television show ECW on TNN on The Nashville Network on September 1, 8, and 15, 2000 as well as on episodes #384 and #385 of the syndicated television show ECW Hardcore TV on September 3 and 10, 2000.

ECW Hardcore TV
ECW Hardcore TV is an American professional wrestling television program that was produced by the Philadelphia based promotion Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) composed of footage from live shows and recorded interviews. It ran in syndication from April 6, 1993 to December 31, 2000.

Even after ECW gained a nationally-available television program on The Nashville Network (TNN), Hardcore TV was considered ECW's flagship program. The rights to the show now belong to the WWE. The show was voted as Best Weekly Television Show in the 1994, 1995 and 1996 Wrestling Observer Newsletter Awards.
Pioneer Telegraph Station
Pioneer Telegraph Station, is historical building in Sacramento, California. The building is a California Historical Landmark No. 366 listed on October 9, 1939. From 1863 to 1868 the building housed the State Telegraph Company. From 1868 to 1915 the building housed the Union Telegraph Company. The Pioneer Telegraph Station Building is part of the Old Sacramento State Historic Park. The Pioneer Telegraph Station Building is sometimes confused with the Pony Express Terminal building, also in Old Sacramento State Historic Park.

California State Telegraph Company
The California State Telegraph Company was a business originally organized to provide telegraph service between San Francisco and Marysville, California. By the spring of 1861, the company had expanded its service area south to Los Angeles, north to Yreka, and east to Fort Churchill by absorbing the other telegraph companies in California (partly through enforcement of its right to the Morse telegraph patent). In 1861, the company formed the Overland Telegraph Company, which was responsible for constructing part of the telegraph line which resulted in the first transcontinental telegraph network in the United States.

The California State Telegraph Company was absorbed into the Western Union Telegraph Company in 1867, with its lines becoming part of Western Union's Pacific Division.
Crumpled cube
In geometric topology, a branch of mathematics, a crumpled cube is any space in R3 homeomorphic to a 2-sphere together with its interior. Lininger showed in 1965 that the union of a crumpled cube and an open 3-ball glued along their boundaries is a 3-sphere.

Ball (mathematics)
In mathematics, a ball is the solid figure bounded by a sphere; it is also called a solid sphere. It may be a closed ball (including the boundary points that constitute the sphere) or an open ball (excluding them).

These concepts are defined not only in three-dimensional Euclidean space but also for lower and higher dimensions, and for metric spaces in general. A ball in n dimensions is called a hyperball or n-ball and is bounded by a hypersphere or (n−1)-sphere. Thus, for example, a ball in the Euclidean plane is the same thing as a disk, the planar region bounded by a circle. In Euclidean 3-space, a ball is taken to be the region of space bounded by a 2-dimensional sphere. In a one-dimensional space, a ball is a line segment.

In other contexts, such as in Euclidean geometry and informal use, sphere is sometimes used to mean ball. In the field of topology the closed -dimensional ball is often denoted as  or  while the open -dimensional ball is  or .
Kermia caletria
Kermia caletria is a species of sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.  Measuring a length of 4.5 mm, with a 1.5 mm diameter, the species is white and slightly ochraceous at the sutures. It contains seven whorls, turreted, two smooth whorls being apical, finely and regularly clathrate. The aperture is sinuously-oblong. The crenulate outer lip is simple within. The columellar margin is minutely toothed towards the base. The sinus is wide. The siphonal canal is a little produced. There is a very pale ochraceous band round the middle of the body whorl, as at the sutures. The sinus is deeply cut behind. At the sutural margin of the outer lip is a bright ochraceous thickened callus.

Raphitomidae
Raphitomidae  is a family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.

Bouchet, Kantor et al. elevated in 2011 the subfamily Raphitominae (which at that point had been placed in the family Conidae) to the rank of family. This was based on a cladistic analysis of shell morphology, radular characteristics, anatomical characters, and a dataset of molecular sequences of three gene fragments. The family was found to be monophyletic.
Yunus Bandu
Yunus Bandu (14 July 1942 – 4 September 2023) was an Indonesian military officer and politician. A member of Golkar, he served as regent (district chief) of Sidenreng Rappang from 1988 to 1993 and regent of Luwu from 1994 to 1999.

Sidenreng Rappang Regency
Sidenreng Rappang Regency (the name is often abbreviated to "Sidrap") is a landlocked regency of South Sulawesi Province in Indonesia. It has an area of 1,883.23 kilometres (1,170.18 mi) and had a population of 271,911 at the 2010 Census and 319,990 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 326,330 (comprising 160,986 males and 165,344 females). Its capital is at the town of Pangkajene Sidenreng. The original inhabitants of this area are Bugis.
Mozhgan
Mozhgan, also spelled Mojgan Mezhgan
(Persian: مژگان) Mozhgān IPA: [mɔʒˈɡɒːn] and Mozhan is a Persian given name for girls. Mozhgan is the plural form of Mozha (Persian: مژه)  IPA: [mɔʒɛ], meaning "eyelash".

Notable people with the given name include:

Mozhgan Babamarandi, Iranian writer

Mozhgan Bayat (born 1979), Iranian actress

Mozhgan Rahmani (born 1989), Iranian darts player

Persian nouns
Persian nouns have no grammatical gender, and the case markers have been greatly reduced since Old Persian—both characteristics of contact languages.  Persian nouns now mark with a postposition only for the specific accusative case; the other oblique cases are marked by prepositions.
Thioester-containing protein 1
Thioester containing protein 1, often called TEP1 is a key component of the arthropod innate immune system. TEP1 was first identified as a key immunity gene in 2001 through functional studies on Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes.

TEP1 is an antimicrobial protein which acts in a system reminiscent of the human complement pathway, which damages the cell membranes of pathogens. Studies have shown that TEP1 is structurally and functionally homologous to the human complement protein C3. TEP1 is now known to be important in the resistance of Anopheles mosquitoes to Plasmodium infection, targeting the  malaria parasite during its invasion into the mosquitoes body cavity. Following this discovery insect thioester containing proteins have come under increased scrutiny from the scientific community as possible targets for disease control.

TEP1 is coded for by two different alleles TEP1-S and TEP-R which are specific to susceptible and resistant mosquito populations respectively.

Protease
A protease (also called a peptidase, proteinase, or proteolytic enzyme) is an enzyme that catalyzes proteolysis, breaking down proteins into smaller polypeptides or single amino acids, and spurring the formation of new protein products. They do this by cleaving the peptide bonds within proteins by hydrolysis, a reaction where water breaks bonds. Proteases are involved in numerous biological pathways, including digestion of ingested proteins, protein catabolism (breakdown of old proteins), and cell signaling.

In the absence of functional accelerants, proteolysis would be very slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteases can be found in all forms of life and viruses. They have independently evolved multiple times, and different classes of protease can perform the same reaction by completely different catalytic mechanisms.
Damaged Lives
Damaged Lives is a 1933 Canadian/American pre-Code exploitation film directed by Edgar G. Ulmer. The screenplay is based on the French play Les Avariés (1901) by Eugène Brieux.

The film was shot at General Service Studios, Hollywood, California for the Canadian Social Health Council and premiered in Toronto, Ontario.

Damaged Lives was initially released in Canada and a few cities in the United States but screenings were blocked by censors in most American towns. In 1937, the film was re-released as The Shocking Truth with a 29-minute supplementary lecture on VD added onto the end of the film to satisfy censors. Most current video releases do not include this extra material.

Exploitation film
An exploitation film is a film that seeks commercial success by capitalizing on current trends, niche genres, or sensational content. Exploitation films often feature themes such as suggestive or explicit sex, sensational violence, drug use, nudity, gore, destruction, rebellion, mayhem, and the bizarre. While often associated with low-budget "B movies", some exploitation films have influenced popular culture, attracted critical attention, gained historical significance, and developed cult followings.
Australian Journal of Labour Law
The Australian Journal of Labour Law is a triannual peer-reviewed law journal that was established in 1968. It is published by LexisNexis in collaboration with the Centre For Employment and Labour Relations Law (Melbourne Law School). It covers Australian labour law. The editors-in-chief are Andrew Stewart (University of Adelaide law school), John Howe (University of Melbourne), and  Shae McCrystal (University of Sydney). Past editors include Anna Chapman (Melbourne Law School) and Rosemary Owens (University of Adelaide). The journal is abstracted and indexed in EBSCO databases.

EBSCO Information Services
EBSCO Information Services, headquartered in Ipswich, Massachusetts, is a division of EBSCO Industries Inc., a private company headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama. EBSCO provides products and services to libraries of many types around the world. Its products include EBSCONET, a complete e-resource management system, and EBSCOhost, which supplies a fee-based online research service with 375 full-text databases, a collection of 600,000-plus ebooks, subject indexes, point-of-care medical references, and an array of historical digital archives. In 2010, EBSCO introduced its EBSCO Discovery Service (EDS) to institutions, which allows searches of a portfolio of journals and magazines.
Jim Archibald
James L. Archibald (born June 6, 1961) is a Canadian former ice hockey player.  He played right wing and played 16 games in the National Hockey League for the Minnesota North Stars between 1985 and 1987. He lives in Brainerd, Minnesota.

After playing in junior level with the Moose Jaw Canucks, Archibald was drafted in the seventh round, 139th overall by the Minnesota North Stars in the 1981 NHL Entry Draft. He attended school at the University of North Dakota the same year until 1985. In his NHL career he played in 16 regular season games scoring one goal and two assists. He also had spells in the American Hockey League for the Springfield Indians and the International Hockey League with the Kalamazoo Wings.

While head coach at Brainerd, his son, Josh Archibald, played there. After his senior season, Josh was drafted by the Pittsburgh Penguins in the sixth round of the 2011 NHL Entry Draft. Josh was a finalist for the Minnesota Mr. Hockey Award in 2011.

Minnesota Mr. Hockey Award
The following is a list of ice hockey players who have been selected over the years to receive the Minnesota Minute Men Mr. Hockey Award as the most outstanding senior high school hockey player in the state of Minnesota. The recipients are reviewed and selected by a group of National Hockey League scouts, Division I & III coaches and USHL scouts.