hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Functional discourse grammar
Functional grammar (FG) and functional discourse grammar (FDG) are grammar models and theories motivated by functional theories of grammar. These theories explain how linguistic utterances are shaped, based on the goals and knowledge of natural language users. In doing so, it contrasts with Chomskyan transformational grammar. Functional discourse grammar has been developed as a successor to functional grammar, attempting to be more psychologically and pragmatically adequate than functional grammar.

The top-level unit of analysis in functional discourse grammar is the discourse move, not the sentence or the clause. This is a principle that sets functional discourse grammar apart from many other linguistic theories, including its predecessor functional grammar.

Clause
In language, a clause is a constituent or phrase that comprises a semantic predicand (expressed or not) and a semantic predicate. A typical clause consists of a subject and a syntactic predicate, the latter typically a verb phrase composed of a verb with or without any objects and other modifiers. However, the subject is sometimes unexpressed if it is easily deducible from the context, especially in null-subject languages but also in other languages, including instances of the imperative mood in English.

A complete simple sentence contains a single clause with a finite verb. Complex sentences contain at least one clause subordinated to (dependent on) an independent clause (one that could stand alone as a simple sentence), which may be co-ordinated with other independents with or without dependents. Some dependent clauses are non-finite, i.e. they do not contain any element/verb marking a specific tense.
Fred Stallard
Fred Stallard (1938/1939 – June 1991) was an English footballer who played as a goalkeeper for Derry City and for the Irish Football League in representative inter-league matches. He joined Derry City on 3 January 1959 while serving in the RAF stationed at their Ballykelly base. He represented the Irish League against the English Football League on 1 November 1961 at Windsor Park, Belfast, which finished as a 6–1 defeat, and remained as Derry City's first-choice goalkeeper until the end of the 1962–63 season when he returned to England.

NIFL Premiership
The NIFL Premiership, known as the Sports Direct Premiership for sponsorship purposes but most commonly called the Irish League and sometimes the Irish Premiership, is a professional association football league which operates as the highest division of the Northern Ireland Football League. The NIFL Premiership was established as the IFA Premiership in 2008 under the auspices of the Irish Football Association as the successor to the Irish Premier League, before the Northern Ireland Football League was created for the start of the 2013–14 season. At the end of the season, the champion club is presented with the Gibson Cup.

Linfield are the current champions, winning their 56th Irish League title in the 2024–25 season.
Hazy Osterwald
Rolf Osterwald (February 18, 1922 – February 26, 2012), better known as Hazy Osterwald, was a Swiss jazz bandleader, trumpeter, and vibraphonist.

Osterwald began his career as a pianist. He arranged for Fred Böhler in the late 1930s and joined him as a trumpeter in 1941; around this time he also worked with Edmond Cohanier, Philippe Brun, Bob Huber, Eddie Brunner and Teddy Stauffer. He led his own ensemble starting in 1944, recording through the 1970s, with sidemen including Ernst Höllerhagen and Werner Dies. In the late 1940s he recorded with Gil Cuppini and played at the Paris Jazz Fair with Sidney Bechet and Charlie Parker.

Osterwald led the house band at the Red Onion, an Aspen eatery, in the early 1970s. He died in 2012 at age 90.

Eddie Brunner
Eduard "Eddie" Brunner (July 19, 1912, Zürich – July 18, 1960, Zürich) was a Swiss jazz reedist and bandleader.

Brunner learned to play clarinet, piano, and tenor and alto saxophone, and began playing professionally in the early 1930s with Rene Dumont, Jack and Louis de Vries, and Marek Weber. In 1936 he moved to Paris and recorded under his own name as well as with the Goldene Sieben and Louis Bacon; he moved back to Switzerland once the war had begun. He joined Teddy Stauffer's band, and in 1941 took over leadership of the group until 1947, when it dissolved. He led a new six-piece ensemble in 1948, and recorded for radio and television broadcasts in the 1950s.
57th British Academy Film Awards
The 57th British Academy Film Awards, more commonly known as the BAFTAs, took place on 15 February 2004 at the Odeon Leicester Square in London, honouring the best national and foreign films of 2003. Presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts, accolades were handed out for the best feature-length film and documentaries of any nationality that were screened at British cinemas in 2003.

The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King won Best Film, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Cinematography, Best Visual Effects, and the Audience Award. Lost in Translation won both lead acting awards for Bill Murray and Scarlett Johansson. Bill Nighy won Best Supporting Actor for Love Actually and Renée Zellweger won Best Supporting Actress for Cold Mountain. Touching the Void, directed by Andrew Eaton, was voted Outstanding British Film of 2003.

Stephen Fry hosted the ceremony for the third consecutive year.

Andrew Eaton
Andrew Campbell Eaton (born 7 December 1959) is a film and television producer. He was educated at Campbell College and Churchill College, graduating with a BA in 1982. In 1994, he co-founded Revolution Films.
Guitar (Peter Lang album)
Guitar is the title of a recording by American folk and blues guitarist Peter Lang, released in 2003. It was recorded entirely on 12-string guitar.

The title "Snaker Ray Has Come & Gone" refers to St. Paul, Minnesota musician Dave "Snaker" Ray of the folk-blues trio Koerner, Ray & Glover.

Dave "Snaker" Ray
Dave "Snaker" Ray (August 17, 1943 – November 28, 2002) was an American blues singer and guitarist from St. Paul, Minnesota, and was associated with Spider John Koerner and Tony "Little Sun" Glover in the early Sixties folk revival. Together, the three released albums under the name Koerner, Ray & Glover. They gained notice with their album Blues, Rags and Hollers, originally released by Audiophile in 1963 and re-released by Elektra Records later that year.
Le Boulevard (Paris)
Le Boulevard was a weekly magazine published in Paris from 1861 to 1863.

It was founded and directed by Étienne Carjat and its first issue came out on December 1, 1861. Each issue included a Parisian column, a serialized story, and musical and gossip columns. It was printed on 8 large folio pages, 43–49 cm high, illustrated with two portraits. The editor was Alphonse de Launay.

Among the contributors to Le Boulevard were Charles Baudelaire, Gustave Flaubert, Victor Hugo, Champfleury, Jules Verne, Léon Cladel, and Honoré Daumier. The magazine dared to be critical of the government, notably publishing extracts from Hugo's Les Misérables in 1862.

The last issue was published on June 14, 1863. The end of the magazine was also financially disastrous for Carjat.

Serial (literature)
In literature, a serial is a printing or publishing format by which a single larger work, often a work of narrative fiction, is published in smaller, sequential installments. The installments are also known as numbers, parts, fascicules or fascicles, and may be released either as separate publications or within sequential issues of a periodical publication, such as a magazine or newspaper.

Serialisation can also begin with a single short story that is subsequently turned into a series.  Historically, such series have been published in periodicals. Popular short-story series are often published together in book form as collections.
Fernando Herrero Acosta
Fernando Antonio Herrero Acosta (15 December 1952 – 18 August 2023) was a Costa Rican economist and politician. A member of the National Liberation Party, he served as Minister of Finance from 1994 to 1996 and again from 2010 to 2012.

Herrero died of a stroke on 18 August 2023, at the age of 70.

National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)
The National Liberation Party (Spanish: Partido Liberación Nacional, PLN), nicknamed the verdiblancos (lit. 'green and whites'), is a political party in Costa Rica. The party is a member of the Socialist International. Social democratic by statute, the party has a few internal factions, including liberals, Third Way supporters, centrists, and social conservatives.
Morten Ivarsen
Morten Ivarsen (born 19 November 1966) is a Norwegian sprint canoeist who competed from the late 1980s to the mid-1990s. He won three medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a gold (K-4 10000 m: 1987) and two bronze (K-1 1000 m: 1987, K-1 10000 m: 1991).

Ivarsen also competed in two Summer Olympics, earning his best finish of eighth in the K-1 1000 m event at Seoul in 1988.

1987 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1987 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Duisburg, West Germany for the second time. The West German city hosted the championships previously in 1979.

The men's competition consisted of six Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for the women, all in kayak.

This was the 21st championships in canoe sprint.
Communes of the Morbihan department
The following is a list of the 249 communes of the Morbihan department of France.

The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2025):

CA Golfe du Morbihan - Vannes Agglomération

CA Lorient Agglomération

Communauté d'agglomération de la Presqu'île de Guérande Atlantique (partly)

CA Redon Agglomération (partly)

Communauté de communes Arc Sud Bretagne

Communauté de communes Auray Quiberon Terre Atlantique

CC Baud Communauté

Communauté de communes de Belle-Île-en-Mer

Communauté de communes de Blavet Bellevue Océan

CC Centre Morbihan Communauté

Communauté de communes de l'Oust à Brocéliande

CC Ploërmel Communauté

CC Pontivy Communauté (partly)

CC Questembert Communauté

CC Roi Morvan Communauté

Communauté d'agglomération de la Presqu'île de Guérande Atlantique
Communauté d'agglomération de la Presqu'île de Guérande Atlantique (also: Cap Atlantique) is the communauté d'agglomération, an intercommunal structure, centred on the towns of La Baule-Escoublac and Guérande. It is located in the Loire-Atlantique and Morbihan departments, in the Pays de la Loire and Brittany regions, western France. Created in 2017, its seat is in La Baule-Escoublac. Its area is 386.1 km2. Its population was 75,119 in 2019.
WomanSpirit
WomanSpirit (Fall 1974 - Summer 1984) was a lesbian feminist quarterly founded by Ruth and Jean Mountaingrove and produced collectively near Wolf Creek, Oregon. It was the first American lesbian/feminist periodical to be dedicated to both feminism and spirituality. Many of the contributors to WomanSpirit were, or became, well known within the women's spirituality movement. It had 40 publications, covering topics such as ecology, goddess myths and rituals, feminist theory, and divination. Its submissions included articles, photos, letters, book reviews, artwork, and songs.

Collective
A collective is a group of entities that share or are motivated by at least one common issue or interest or work together to achieve a common objective. Collectives can differ from cooperatives in that they are not necessarily focused upon an economic benefit or saving, though they can be.

The term "collective" is sometimes used to describe a species as a whole—for example, the human collective.

For political purposes, a collective is defined by decentralized, or "majority-rules" decision-making styles.
Rodney Gladwell
Rodney Gladwell (1928–1979) was a British artist born in Didcot, Oxfordshire, England whose paintings "hover between abstraction and figuration and play on this ambiguity".

Between 1949 and 1950, he followed in the foot steps of one of the greatest figurative painters of the 20th Century Amedeo Modigliani and studied in Paris at the Académie Colarossi. His work varied but a continual theme was his "heavily stylised female nudes". He exhibited in London and Paris with the Piccadilly Gallery, before being taken on by the gallery owner Lucy Wertheim and towards the end of his career the noted Swiss dealer Walter Feilchenfeldt.

In the 1960s, he undertook several large commissions to paint extensive murals for Sussex University (where he was later given a retrospective exhibition) and the Georgian Club in London. His work is held by the Arts Council of Great Britain and University of Johannesburg.
In the 1970s, his work fell out of favour and he disappeared from the art scene.

University of Johannesburg
The University of Johannesburg, colloquially known as UJ, is a public university located in Johannesburg, South Africa. The University of Johannesburg was established on 1 January 2005 as the result of a merger between the Rand Afrikaans University (RAU), the Technikon Witwatersrand (TWR) and the Soweto and East Rand campuses of Vista University. Prior to the merger, the Daveyton and Soweto campuses of former Vista University had been incorporated into RAU. As a result of the merger of Rand Afrikaans University (RAU), it is common for alumni to refer to the university as RAU.

The institution is one of the largest comprehensive contact universities in South Africa from the 26 public universities that make up the higher education system. UJ has a student population of more than 50,000, of whom more than 3,000 are international students from 80 countries.
Krstanović
Krstanović (Serbian Cyrillic: Крстановић) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ivan Krstanović (born 1983), Bosnian-Croatian footballer

Zdravko Krstanović (1950–2024), Serbian poet and journalist

Zoran Krstanović (born 1982), Serbian basketball player

Zoran Krstanović
Zoran Krstanovic (born July 18, 1982) is a Serbian professional basketball player for Joker Sombor. Standing at 6 ft 9 in (2.06 m), he usually plays as power forward or center. He spent most of his career in Romania with U-Mobitelco Cluj-Napoca, as he played 5 seasons for the team from Cluj-Napoca.
Mira Burt-Wintonick
Mira Burt-Wintonick (born July 8, 1984) is a Canadian radio and film producer best known for her audio pieces and work on the CBC radio program WireTap. Trained as a classical musician, Burt-Wintonick pursued a Communications degree from Concordia University in Montreal where she currently resides. Notably, in 2006 Burt-Wintonick was chosen Best New Artist at the Third Coast Festival for her radio essay Muriel's Message. Daughter of Canadian documentary film maker Peter Wintonick, Burt-Wintonick co-produced the road-trip documentary PilgrIMAGE with her father which was a selection at the International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam in 2008.

CBC Radio One
CBC Radio One is the English-language news and information radio network of the publicly owned Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. It is commercial-free and offers local and national programming. It is available on AM and FM to 98 percent of Canadians and overseas over the Internet, and through mobile apps. CBC Radio One is simulcast across Canada on Bell Satellite TV satellite channels 956 and 953, and Shaw Direct satellite channel 870.
A modified version of Radio One, with local content replaced by additional airings of national programming, is available on Sirius XM channel 169. It is downlinked to subscribers via SiriusXM Canada and its U.S.-based counterpart, Sirius XM Satellite Radio.

In 2010, Radio One reached 4.3 million listeners each week. It was the largest radio network in Canada.
Community College of Vermont
The Community College of Vermont (CCV) is a public community college within the Vermont State Colleges System. It is the second-largest higher education institution in the state, enrolling approximately 7,000 students each semester. CCV operates 12 academic centers across Vermont and offers a wide range of online learning opportunities.

Winooski, Vermont
Winooski /wɪˈnuːski/ is a city in Chittenden County, Vermont, United States. Located on the Winooski River, as of the 2020 U.S. census the municipal population was 7,997. The city is the most densely populated municipality in northern New England, an area comprising the states of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. It is the smallest of Vermont's 10 cities by area, though the city of Vergennes has the smallest population. As part of the Burlington, Vermont metropolitan area, it is bordered by Burlington, Colchester, and South Burlington.
Mario Azevedo
Mario Joaquim Azevedo (born 1940) is a Mozambican novelist, historian, professor, and epidemiologist.

A refugee, Azevedo, esteemed as one of the most remarkable Mozambican voices during the years of the War of Independence from Portugal, emigrated from his native country to the United States, where he received his B.A. from The Catholic University of America, his M.A., his Ph.D. from Duke University, from American University, and his M.P.H from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

In 1980 he became associate professor of history at Jackson State University; he passed in 1986 to the UNC Charlotte, where he has become Frank Porter Graham Professor and Chair of the Department of African-American and African Studies.

Azevedo was co-coordinator of the Southeastern Regional Seminar in Africa Studies from 1987 to 1989.

Jackson State University
Jackson State University (Jackson State or JSU) is a public historically black research university in Jackson, Mississippi. It is a member of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund and classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

Jackson State University's athletic teams, the Tigers, participate in NCAA Division I athletics as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC). Jackson State is also the home of the Sonic Boom of the South, a marching band founded in the 1940s. Their accompanying danceline, the Prancing J-Settes, are known for their unique style of dance, known as "J-Setting".
Monica and Friends: Bonds
Monica and Friends: Bonds (Portuguese: Turma da Mônica: Laços) is a 2019 Brazilian family adventure film produced by Estúdios Mauricio de Sousa, directed by Daniel Rezende, with screenplay written by Thiago Dottori, and starring Giulia Benite, Kevin Vechiatto, Laura Rauseo and Gabriel Moreira. The film was based on the eponymous graphic novel by Vitor and Lu Cafaggi and the series of homonymous comic books created by Mauricio de Sousa. The movie was first released in US during the Hollywood Brazilian Film Festival, on 16 November 2019.

Children's film
A children's film, or family film, is a film genre that generally relates to children in the context of home and family. Children's films are made specifically for children and not necessarily for a general audience, while family films are made for a wider appeal with a general audience in mind. Children's films come in several major genres like realism, fantasy, adventure, war, musicals, comedy, and literary adaptations.
2024 Women's Softball World Cup Group C
Group C of the 2024 Women's Softball World Cup will take place from 22 to 26 July 2023 in Castions di Strada and Buttrio, Italy. The group consists of host nation Italy, Japan, Canada, Venezuela, New Zealand and Philippines. Japan and Canada advanced to the Finals to be held in 2024. Italy also advanced to the Finals as host/wildcard.

Castions di Strada
Castions di Strada (Friulian: Cjasteons di Strade) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Udine.
Johnnie Crutchfield
Johnnie C. Crutchfield (born February 16, 1947) is an American politician from the U.S. state of Oklahoma. He served in the Oklahoma Senate from 1998 to 2010, representing District 14, which included Carter, Garvin, Love and Murray counties.

Love County, Oklahoma
Love County is a county on the southern border of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,146. Its county seat is Marietta. The county was created at statehood in 1907 and named for Overton Love, a prominent Chickasaw farmer, entrepreneur and politician.

For tourism purposes, the Oklahoma Department of Tourism includes Love County in 'Chickasaw Country'. Love County is also part of the Texoma region.
1940s in music
For music from an individual year in the 1940s, go to 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49

This article includes an overview of the major events and trends in popular music in the 1940s.

In the developed world, swing, big band, jazz, Latin and country music dominated and defined the decade's music. After World War II, the big band sounds of the earlier part of the decade had been gradually replaced by crooners and vocal pop.

Crooner
A crooner is a singer who performs with a smooth, intimate style that originated in the 1920s. The crooning style was made possible by improved microphones that picked up quieter sounds and a wider range of frequencies than before, allowing the singer to access a greater dynamic range and exploit the proximity effect. This suggestion of intimacy was supposedly wildly attractive to women, especially a youth subculture known at the time as "bobby soxers". The crooning style developed among singers who performed with big bands and reached its height in the 1940s to late 1960s.

Crooning is epitomized by vocalists of the era such as Al Bowlly, Bing Crosby, Rudy Vallee and Frank Sinatra, although Sinatra did not consider himself or Crosby to be "crooners". Other performers, such as Russ Columbo, also rejected the term.
Fistball at the 2022 World Games
The fistball competition at the 2022 World Games took place in July 2022, in Birmingham in United States, at the Birmingham Southern College.
Originally scheduled to take place in July 2021, the Games were rescheduled for July 2022 as a result of the 2020 Summer Olympics postponement due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

This was the first time when women's tournament in fistball took place as part of the World Games.

Birmingham–Southern College
Birmingham–Southern College (BSC) was a private liberal arts college in Birmingham, Alabama. Founded in 1856, the college was affiliated with the United Methodist Church and was accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). The college's student body was approximately 975 students when it closed at the end of the 2023–24 school year after years of financial trouble.
Assumption Greyhounds
The Assumption Greyhounds are the athletic sports teams for Assumption University. They are a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, Division II. The Greyhounds are a member of the Northeast-10 Conference (NE-10) and the New England Women's Hockey Alliance (NEWHA), one of the five conferences that compete at the NCAA's National Collegiate level (the effective equivalent of Division I) in women's ice hockey. Assumption joined the NEWHA for administrative purposes in 2022 in advance of its first season of varsity women's hockey in 2023–24.

New England Women's Hockey Alliance
The New England Women's Hockey Alliance (NEWHA) is a women's college ice hockey conference in the United States. It participates in the NCAA's Division I as a hockey-only conference. As of the most recent 2023–24 NCAA hockey season, the conference is made up of eight teams, with two each in Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire, and one each in New York and Vermont.