hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chalerm Prommas
Chalerm Prommas (Thai: เฉลิม พรมมาส, 19 August 1896 – 26 May 1975), also known by his former noble title as Luang Chaloem Khamphirawet (หลวงเฉลิมคัมภีรเวชช์), was a Thai medical doctor. He was a pioneering figure at Thailand's two oldest medical schools, Siriraj and Chulalongkorn, and went on to serve as the country's Minister of Public Health. He was also known for his academic work, most importantly the discovery, with Svasti Daengsvang, of the life cycle of the Gnathostoma spinigerum parasite, which causes gnathostomiasis in humans.

Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University (Thai: คณะแพทยศาสตร์ศิริราชพยาบาล) is the oldest and largest medical school and the oldest of any kind of university faculty in Thailand. The faculty is now part of Mahidol University. Founded in 1889, the faculty was run in co-operation with Siriraj Hospital, the first public hospital in Thailand, which provides students with clinical experience. The faculty's campus and hospital is in the Bangkok Noi District, Bangkok, on the former Rear Palace. The medical school accepts about 250 students for undergraduate education and more than 100 to postgraduate studies each year.
Oesman Sapta Odang
Oesman Sapta Odang (born 18 August 1950) is an Indonesian politician of the People's Conscience Party (Hanura), who served as the speaker of the Regional Representative Council and deputy speaker of the People's Consultative Assembly between 2014 and 2019. He had also served in the latter position between 2002 and 2004.

Originating from the town of Sukadana in West Kalimantan, he built a career as a businessman before entering politics, founding the Regional Unity Party and later joining Hanura, where he has served as chairman since December 2016.

House of Representatives (Indonesia)
6°12′37″S 106°48′00″E﻿ / ﻿6.21028°S 106.80000°E﻿ / -6.21028; 106.80000
The House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia, Indonesian pronunciation: [ˌdewan pərwaˌkilan ˈraʔjat re'publik indo'nesija], lit. 'People's Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia', abbr. DPR-RI or simply DPR, Indonesian: [deˈpeɛr]), is one of two elected chambers of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), the national legislature of Indonesia. It is considered the lower house, while the Regional Representative Council (DPD) serves as the upper house; while the Indonesian constitution does not explicitly mention the divide, the DPR enjoys more power, privilege, and prestige compared to the DPD.

Members of the DPR are elected through a general election every five years. Currently, there are 580 members; an increase compared to 575 prior to the 2024 elections. Its members are called Members of Parliament (anggota dewan).
Hiram W. Duncan
Hiram W. Duncan was a state senator in South Carolina during the Reconstruction era.

He represented Union County, South Carolina in the South Carolina Senate.

He was succeeded in the state senate in November 1872 by Thomas Bothwell Jeter who went on to become governor.

Union County, South Carolina
Union County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 27,244. Its county seat is Union. The county was created in 1785.

Union County is included in the Spartanburg, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also part of the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC Combined Statistical Area.
Mark Edgley Smith
Mark Edgley Smith, also written Mark Edgley-Smith (20 March 1955 – 26 July 2008) was a British composer. He was born in Wimbledon and educated at Tiffin School, Kingston upon Thames. It was at Tiffin that he began to compose seriously, and he later went to study music at the Queen's College, Oxford.

Mark Edgley Smith had a daughter, Anna February Edgley-Smith (born 25 February 1983), and a son, Milo Henry Edgley-Smith (born 4 May 1999). He died in Cheltenham, aged 53.

The Queen's College, Oxford
The Queen's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford, England. The college was founded in 1341 by Robert de Eglesfield in honour of Philippa of Hainault, queen of England. It is distinguished by its predominantly neoclassical architecture, primarily dating from the 18th century.

As of 2022, the college had an endowment of £327.8 million making it the fifth-wealthiest Oxford college (after Christ Church, Magdalen, St. John's, and All Souls).
Alva's Institute of Engineering and Technology
Alva's Institute Of Engineering and Technology (AIET) is an engineering institute, located at Moodabidri, hovering around 33 km (21 mi) from Mangaluru, Karnataka, India. The college was established in the year 2008 by the Alva's Education Foundation. The college is affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum. It is also recognized by government of Karnataka and is approved by AICTE, New Delhi.

Moodabidri
Moodubidire (Bedra, Mooduvenupura ) is a city and taluk in Dakshina Kannada district. It lies 34 km northeast of the  district headquarters, Mangaluru, in Karnataka, India.

Because of widely grown bamboo in ancient days, this place was named as Moodubidire. Moodubidire comes from two Kannada words, Moodu "east" and Bidiru "bamboo".
Rapti Zone
Rapti Zone (Nepali: राप्ती अञ्चल Listenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones, located in the Mid-Western Development Region of Nepal.  It was named after the West Rapti River which drains Rolpa, Pyuthan and part of Dang districts. The remainder of Dang and part of Salyan district are drained by the Babai.  The remainder of Salyan and all of Rukum districts are drained by the Bheri.

The headquarters of Rapti were Tulsipur and the largest city was Tribhuvannagar (Ghorahi). Other main cities and towns of Rapti zone were Pyuthan Khalanga, Bijuwar, Liwang, Lamahi, Musikot, Rukumkot (Shova), and Chaurjahari.

Chaurjahari
Chaurjahari  is a Municipality in Western Rukum District in Karnali Province of Nepal that was established in 2015 through the merging the two former Village development committees Bijayaswori and Kotjahari. It lies on the bank of Sani Bheri River.
Call to Power II
Call to Power II is a PC turn-based strategy game released by Activision as a sequel to Civilization: Call to Power, which itself was named after the Civilization series by Sid Meier; this game could not have "Civilization" in its title because the license to the Civilization name was lost.

In October 2003, Activision released the source code, enabling the Apolyton gaming community to debug, improve, and add new features. After being unavailable for a long time, the game was re-released in the digital distribution on GOG.com in 2010.

Orphan work
An orphan work is a copyright-protected work for which rightsholders are positively indeterminate or uncontactable. Sometimes the names of the originators or rightsholders are known, yet it is impossible to contact them because additional details cannot be found. A work can become orphaned through rightsholders being unaware of their holding, or by their demise (e.g. deceased persons or defunct companies) and establishing inheritance has proved impracticable. In other cases, comprehensively diligent research fails to determine any authors, creators or originators for a work. Since 1989, the amount of orphan works in the United States has increased dramatically since some works are published anonymously, assignments of rights are not required to be disclosed publicly, and registration is optional. As a result, many works' statuses with respect to who holds which rights remain unknown to the public even when those rights are being actively exploited by authors or other rightsholders.
The Walshes
The Walshes is an Irish comedy television series that was first broadcast on RTÉ One on 6 March and BBC Four on 13 March 2014. The three-part series was written by Graham Linehan and the comedy group Diet of Worms, and is based on the group's 2010 web series The Taste of Home. The show follows the Walshes, a tight-knit family living in the fictional West Dublin suburb of Strollinstown. Diet of Worms portray the family, reprising their roles from the web series.

In Britain, the show was originally shown on BBC Four and was broadcast again on BBC Two in November 2014. The writer, Graham Linehan, has said that if the show gets higher viewing figures this time it may come back with a new series. In January 2015, Graham Linehan announced on Twitter that the show had been cancelled, blaming "zero publicity" from BBC Two.

RTÉ One
RTÉ One is an Irish free-to-air flagship television service owned and operated by RTÉ. It is the most-popular and most-watched television channel in the country and was launched as Telefís Éireann on 31 December 1961, it was renamed RTÉ in 1966, and it was renamed as RTÉ 1 upon the launch of RTÉ2 in 1978.  It is funded partly by the government's licence fee; the remainder of the funding is provided by commercial advertising. Because RTÉ is funded partly by the licence fee it shows considerably fewer advertisements than most other channels available in Ireland and Northern Ireland.

RTÉ One is available to 98% of the Irish population in HD on the Saorview DTT service. It is also available in Northern Ireland via Saorview, Freeview, Sky, and cable provider Virgin Media. The channel is also available online through RTÉ Player.
Sacred and Profane Love
Sacred and Profane Love (Italian: Amor Sacro e Amor Profano) is an oil painting by Titian, probably painted in 1514, early in his career. The painting is presumed to have been commissioned by Niccolò Aurelio, a secretary to the Venetian Council of Ten, whose coat of arms appears on the sarcophagus or fountain, to celebrate his marriage to a young widow, Laura Bagarotto. It perhaps depicts a figure representing the bride dressed in white, sitting beside Cupid and accompanied by the goddess Venus.

The title of the painting is first recorded in 1693, when it was listed in an inventory as Amor Divino e Amor Profano (Divine love and Profane love), and may not represent the original concept at all.

Although "much ink has been spilt by art historians attempting to decipher the iconography of the painting", and some measure of consensus has been achieved, basic aspects of the intended meaning of the painting, including the identity of the central figures, remain disputed.

Francesco Colonna (writer)
Francesco Colonna (1433/1434 – 1527) was an Italian Dominican priest and monk who was credited with the authorship of the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili by an acrostic formed by initial letters of the text.

He lived in Venice, and preached at St. Mark's Cathedral.  Besides Hypnerotomachia Poliphili, he definitely wrote a Latin epic poem, Delfili Somnium (the "Dream of Delfilo"), which went unpublished in his lifetime and was not published until 1959. Colonna spent part of his life in the monastery of San Giovanni e Paolo in Venice, but the monastery was apparently not of the strictest observance and Colonna was granted leave to live outside its walls.
In Ian Caldwell's and Dustin Thomason's novel The Rule of Four, the Roman noble of the same name, Francesco Colonna, is featured as the true author of the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili.
Proposed Welsh justice system
The justice system in Wales is currently part of the England and Wales justice system. There have been proposals for a Wales-only justice system under the control of the Senedd to deal with Welsh issues, as an aspect of proposed further Welsh devolution.

Jane Hutt
Jane Elizabeth Hutt CBE (born 15 December 1949) is a Welsh Labour politician serving as Welsh Government Chief Whip since 2023, Trefnydd of the Senedd since March 2024 and Cabinet Secretary for Social Justice since July 2024. She has served as the Member of the Senedd (MS) for the Vale of Glamorgan since 1999.

A member of the Parliament since its creation, Hutt holds the record for the longest serving Welsh Government minister and has served in every administration to date. She served continually in government from May 1999 until the November 2017 reshuffle, returning in December 2018. Hutt has held several of the most senior government offices, including Minister for Finance, Minister for Health and Social Services, and Minister for Education.
Leon Rooke
Leon Rooke, CM (born September 11, 1934) is a Canadian novelist. He was born in Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina in the United States. Educated at the University of North Carolina, he moved to Canada in 1969. He now lives in Toronto, Ontario.

Rooke helped to found the Eden Mills Writers' Festival in 1989. In 2002, Rooke championed The Stone Angel by Margaret Laurence in that year's edition of Canada Reads. Rooke's work also appears in Blackbird: an online journal of literature and the arts.

In 2007, he was made a Member of the Order of Canada.

Canada Reads
Canada Reads is an annual "battle of the books" competition organized and broadcast by Canada's public broadcaster, the CBC. The program has aired in two distinct editions, the English-language Canada Reads on CBC Radio One, and the French-language Le Combat des livres on Ici Radio-Canada Première.

The English edition has aired each year since 2002, while the French edition aired annually from 2004 to 2014, and was then discontinued until being revived in 2018.

In 2021, sister service CBC Music launched Canada Listens, which used a similar format of advocates debating five classic albums by Canadian musicians. In 2023, CBC Kids introduced CBC Kids Reads, a feature which uses a similar format to highlight children's picture books.
Carl Dahlström
Carl Dahlström (born 28 January 1995) is a Swedish professional ice hockey defenceman for HC Lugano of the National League (NL). He was selected by the Chicago Blackhawks in the second round (51st overall) of the 2013 NHL Entry Draft.

2013 NHL entry draft
The 2013 NHL entry draft was the 51st entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held on June 30, 2013, at the Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey. The top three selections were Nathan MacKinnon by the Colorado Avalanche, Aleksander Barkov by the Florida Panthers, and Jonathan Drouin by the Tampa Bay Lightning.

As of 2025 there are 53 active NHL players from this draft.
Lester S. and Missouri "Zue" Gordon Parker House
Lester S. and Missouri "Zue" Gordon Parker House is a historic home located at Jefferson City, Cole County, Missouri. It was built in 1905, and is a two-story, irregular plan, a Classical Revival style brick dwelling with a hipped roof.  It has two two-story brick pavilions and features a full height central portico with classical pediment and Ionic order columns and pilasters.  Also on the property are the contributing small two-story brick dwelling and root cellar.: 5

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000, and it is located in the Capitol Avenue Historic District.

Cole County, Missouri
Cole County is located in the central part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, its population was 77,279. Its county seat and largest city is Jefferson City, the state capital. The county was organized November 16, 1820, and named after pioneer William Temple Cole who built Cole's Fort in Boonville.

Cole County is in the Jefferson City, MO Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is south of the Missouri River.

In 2010, the center of the population of Missouri was in Cole County, near the village of Wardsville.
Calvary
Calvary (Latin: Calvariae or Calvariae locus) or Golgotha (Biblical Greek: Γολγοθᾶ, romanized: Golgothâ), was a site immediately outside Roman Jerusalem's walls where, according to Christianity's four canonical gospels, Jesus was crucified.

Since at least the early medieval period, it has been a destination for pilgrimage. The exact location of Calvary has been traditionally associated with a place now enclosed within one of the southern chapels of the multidenominational Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a site said to have been recognized by the Roman empress Helena, mother of Constantine the Great, during her visit to the Holy Land in 325. Other locations have been suggested: in the 19th century, Protestant scholars proposed a different location near the Garden Tomb on Green Hill (now "Skull Hill") about 500 m (1,600 ft) north of the traditional site.

Eusebius
Eusebius of Caesarea (c. AD 260/265 – 30 May AD 339), also known as Eusebius Pamphilius, was a historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist from the Roman province of Syria Palaestina. In about AD 314 he became the bishop of Caesarea Maritima.

Together with Pamphilus, Eusebius was a scholar of the biblical canon and is regarded as one of the most learned Christians during late antiquity. He wrote the Demonstrations of the Gospel, Preparations for the Gospel and On Discrepancies between the Gospels, studies of the biblical text. His work Onomasticon is an early geographical lexicon of places in the Holy Land mentioned in the Bible. As "Father of Church History" (not to be confused with the title of Church Father), he produced the Ecclesiastical History, On the Life of Pamphilus, the Chronicle and On the Martyrs. He also produced a biographical work on Constantine the Great, the first Christian Roman emperor, who was Augustus between AD 306 and AD 337.
Shompen language
Shompen, or Shom Peng, is a language or group of languages spoken on Great Nicobar Island in the Indian union territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Sumatra, Indonesia.

Partially because the native peoples of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands are protected from outside researchers, Shompen is poorly described, with most descriptions being from the 19th century and a few more recently but of poor quality. Shompen appears to be related to Southern Nicobarese varieties, however Glottolog considers it a language isolate.

Great Nicobar Island
Great Nicobar is the southernmost and largest of the Nicobar Islands of India, north of Sumatra. It is part of India, in the Nicobar district within the union territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Helmond 't Hout railway station
Helmond 't Hout is a railway station in Mierlo-Hout near Helmond, Netherlands. The station opened in 1992 and is on the Venlo–Eindhoven railway. The station has 2 platforms. Train services are operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen.

Venlo–Eindhoven railway
The Venlo–Eindhoven railway is an important railway line in the Netherlands running from Venlo to Eindhoven, passing through Helmond and Deurne. The line was opened in 1866. It is part of the Staatslijn "E".
Dmitry Senyavin
Admiral Dmitry Nikolayevich Senyavin (Russian: Дмитрий Николаевич Сенявин; 17 August [O.S. 6 August] 1763 – 17 April [O.S. 5 April] 1831) was an Imperial Russian Navy officer who served the Russo-Turkish wars and French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. He was the successor of Fyodor Ushakov: in the Battle of Athos, Senyavin developed the tactics used by Ushakov — to attack the column by several groups, directing the main blow against the Ottoman flagships.

Russo-Turkish wars
The Russo-Turkish wars or the Russo-Ottoman wars began in 1568 and continued intermittently until 1918. They consisted of twelve conflicts in total, making them one of the longest series of wars in the history of Europe. All but four of these wars ended in losses for the Ottoman Empire, which was undergoing a period of stagnation and decline. Conversely, they showcased the ascendancy of the Russian Empire as a significant European power after Peter the Great oversaw extensive modernization efforts in the early 18th century. Ultimately, however, the end of the Russo-Turkish wars came about with the dissolution of the two belligerents' respective states as a consequence of World War I: the Russian Empire collapsed in 1917 and was ultimately succeeded by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1922; while the Ottoman Empire was partitioned between 1918 and 1922 and succeeded by the Republic of Turkey in 1923.
Jordan Coghlan
Jordan Coghlan (born 30 October 1992) is an Irish rugby union player who currently plays in the All Ireland League for amateur side Terenure College RFC. His preferred position is Number 8. He has previously played for Nottingham in the RFU Championship, Leicester Tigers in Premiership Rugby as well as Leinster and Munster in Ireland.

Munster Rugby
Munster Rugby (Irish: Rugbaí Mumhan) is one of the professional provincial rugby teams from the island of Ireland. They compete in the United Rugby Championship and the European Rugby Champions Cup. The team represents the IRFU's Munster Branch, which is responsible for rugby union throughout the Irish province of Munster. The team motto is "To the brave and faithful, nothing is impossible." This is derived from the motto of the MacCarthy clan – "Forti et Fideli nihil difficile". Their main home ground is Thomond Park, Limerick, though some games are played at Musgrave Park, Cork.
Idhomen Kosturi
Idhomen Jovan Kosturi (15 May 1873 – 5 November 1943), also known as Idhomeno Kosturi, was an Albanian politician, regent and once acting Prime Minister of Albania. He would become the second representative of Albanian Orthodox population to become head of the Albanian government, after Pandeli Evangjeli. Kosturi was also among the contributors to the first Albanian teachers' school, the Shkolla Normale e Elbasanit, a teacher training institution that was founded on 1 December 1909 in Elbasan.

Albanian Orthodox Church
The  Autocephalous Orthodox Church of Albania (Albanian: Kisha Ortodokse Autoqefale e Shqipërisë), commonly known as the Albanian Orthodox Church or the Orthodox Church of Albania, is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church. It declared its autocephaly in 1922 through its Congress of 1922, and gained recognition from the Patriarch of Constantinople in 1937.

The church suffered during the Second World War, and in the communist period that followed, especially after 1967 when Albania was declared an atheist state, and no public or private expression of religion was allowed.

The church has, however, seen a revival since religious freedom was restored in 1991, with more than 250 churches restored or rebuilt, and more than 100 clergy being ordained. It has 909 parishes spread all around Albania, and around 500,000 to 550,000 faithful. The number is claimed to be as high as 700,000 by some Orthodox sources – and higher when considering the Albanian diaspora.
Chetak Smarak
Chetak Smarak, also called Chetak Samadhi, is a memorial to Maharana Pratap's famed steed Chetak, in the Indian state of Rajasthan. The horse died of battle wounds after helping the Rana effect a miraculous escape from the Battle of Haldighati. The memorial is said to have been built at the spot that Chetak died.

It is situated in the Aravalli hills in the lake district of Rajsamand, at the village of Balicha. In 2003, the shrine was declared a Monument of National Importance in Rajasthan by the Archaeological Survey of India.

It is an interesting little place with an old museum dedicated to the battle, and a new one coming up close by. It can be reached easily by road, about 4 km from the temple town of Nathdwara.

Archaeological Survey of India
The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is an Indian government agency that is responsible for archaeological research and the conservation and preservation of cultural historical monuments in the country. It was founded in 1861 by Alexander Cunningham during the British Raj who also became its first Director-General.