hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Prisons in California
The California state prison system is a system of prisons, fire camps, contract beds, reentry programs, and other special programs administered by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) Division of Adult Institutions to incarcerate approximately 117,000 people as of April 2020. CDCR owns and operates 31 prisons throughout the state.

The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation had a $15.8B budget for the 2019-2020 fiscal year, which was 7.4% of the state budget , and  $13.6 billion ($13.3 billion General Fund and $347 million other funds) for CDCR in 2021-22. The state's prison medical care system has been in receivership since 2006, when a federal court ruled in Plata v. Brown that the state failed to provide a constitutional level of medical care to its prisoners. Since 2009, the state has been under court order to reduce prison overcrowding to no higher than 137.5% of total design capacity.

California Institution for Women
California Institution for Women (CIW) is an American women's state prison located in the city of Chino, San Bernardino County, California, east of Los Angeles, although the mailing address states "Corona", which is in Riverside County, California.
Baháʼí Faith in Scotland
The Baháʼí Faith first arrived in Scotland during the first decade of the 20th century, and in 1913 'Abdu’l-Bahá made a three-day visit to Edinburgh at the invitation of Mrs Jane E. Whyte, wife of Dr Alexander Whyte, Moderator of the General Assembly Free Church of Scotland. Over the following decades the Baháʼí Faith spread across Scotland, with Baháʼi communities now established in most cities across the country and many of the Scottish islands, including Orkney, Shetland, Skye and Isle of Lewis.

John Esslemont
John Ebenezer Esslemont M.B., Ch.B. (1874 – 1925), from Scotland, was a prominent British adherent of the Baháʼí Faith.  Shoghi Effendi, Guardian of the Baháʼí Faith, posthumously named Esslemont a Hand of the Cause of God, one of the Disciples of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá (Effendi's predecessor), and one of the United Kingdom's three luminaries of the Baháʼí Faith. He was the author of one of the foremost introductory texts on the Baháʼí Faith (Baháʼu'lláh and the New Era) and worked as a translator of Baháʼí texts near the end of his life.  In addition to his work for the Baháʼí Faith, Esslemont was an accomplished physician, as well as a linguist, proficient in English, French, Spanish, German, Esperanto, and later Persian and Arabic.  Dr. Esslemont died of tuberculosis in Palestine in 1925.
Charlotte Thompson-Edgar
Wing Commander Charlotte Joanne Thompson ARRC is a British nurse. She served as the United Kingdom's Officer Commanding Medical Emergency Response Teams in Afghanistan and in 2015, while holding the rank of Squadron Leader, was awarded an Associate of the Royal Red Cross (ARRC) for her services to the Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service.

After giving emergency treatment on the battlefield to Mark Ormrod, Britain's first triple amputee in the war in Afghanistan, she argued for and was given permission to develop specialist clinical training for such extreme cases.

Thompson was featured in BBC coverage of the 2016 Royal British Legion Festival of Remembrance.

Royal British Legion
The Royal British Legion (RBL), formerly the British Legion, is a British charity providing financial, social and emotional support to members and veterans of the British Armed Forces, their families and dependants, as well as representing them publicly.
Charles Shaw Lefevre (politician)
Charles Shaw Lefevre (20 September 1759 – 27 April 1823), born Charles Shaw, was a British Whig politician.

Shaw Lefevre was the son of Reverend George Shaw, Rector of Womersley, Yorkshire, by his wife Mary, daughter of Edward Green. He was called to the Bar, Lincoln's Inn. He sat as Member of Parliament for Newtown (Isle of Wight) from 1796 to 1802 and for Reading from 1802 to 1820. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in November 1796.

He married Helena, daughter of John Lefevre, in 1789, and in a common practice of the time, merged their surnames, becoming Shaw Lefevre. They lived at Heckfield Place in Hampshire and their children included Charles Shaw Lefevre, 1st Viscount Eversley, Speaker of the House of Commons, and Sir John Shaw Lefevre. Shaw Lefevre died in April 1823, aged 63. His wife survived him by eleven years and died in August 1834.

Name change
Name change is the legal act by a person of adopting a new name.

The procedures and ease of a name change vary between jurisdictions. In general, common law jurisdictions have looser procedures while civil law jurisdictions are more restrictive. While some civil law jurisdictions have loosened procedures, a few remain complicated.

A pseudonym is a name used in addition to the original or true name. This does not require legal sanction. Pseudonyms may be adopted to conceal a person's identity, but may also be used for personal, social or ideological reasons.
Skeelan
Skeelan is a 2023 investigative documentary produced by Adhadhu. Skeelan is about the alleged mistreatment and deportation from the Maldives of Gnei Skeelan, a Sri Lankan national and the stepmother of the President Mohamed Muizzu.

This film examines the inheritance dispute which followed after the death of Muizzu's father, Hussain Abdul Rahman, and the circumstances surrounding her deportation from the Maldives in 2016, as well as her current relations with Muizzu's family.

President of the Maldives
The president of the Republic of Maldives (Dhivehi: ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ރައީސުލްޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ, romanized: Dhivehi Raajjeyge Raeesuljumhooriyyaa) is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Maldives and the commander-in-chief of the Maldives National Defence Force.

The current president is Mohamed Muizzu, who was elected in 2023 with 54.05% of the vote, defeating then-incumbent president Ibrahim Mohamed Solih.
Virginia City Hall
Virginia City Hall is the seat of government for Virginia, Minnesota, United States.  It was designed by architect Frederick German and built from 1923 to 1924. It continues to house municipal offices, the Virginia Police Department, and a public meeting hall.  Virginia City Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004 for its local significance in the theme of politics/government.  It was nominated for being the long-serving seat of Virginia's municipal government.

Virginia, Minnesota
Virginia is a city in St. Louis County, Minnesota, United States. With an economy heavily reliant on large-scale iron ore mining, Virginia is considered the Mesabi Iron Range's commercial center. The population was 8,421 at the 2020 census. Virginia is a part of the Duluth metropolitan area, and U.S. Highway 53 runs through town.
Medikiret River
The Medikiret River, also known as simply Medikiret or the Mediket, is a wadi, or narrow ravine that becomes a watercourse during the wet season, in South Sudan. It feeds into marshes in Bandingilo National Park in Eastern Equatoria and Jonglei states from the south, meeting the marshes almost due north of Torit and about 238 kilometers north-north-east of Juba, the South Sudanese national capital.

Eastern Equatoria
Eastern Equatoria is a state in South Sudan. It has an area of 73,472 km2. The capital city is Torit. On October 1, 1972, the state was divided into Imatong and Namorunyang states and was re-established by a peace agreement signed on 22 February 2020.

Louis Lobong Lojore is the current governor of Eastern Equatoria.
Rhoonse Veer
Rhoonse Veer is a former hamlet, located south of the Dutch town of Rhoon. The name means "Rhoon's ferry", and refers to the ferry between Rhoon and Oud-Beijerland.

The hamlet grew around the Catholic Church of Rhoon. After the Reformation, the Catholics in the area lost their church in Rhoon to the Protestant majority, but the lord of Rhoon, Willem Bentinck, allowed them to build a new church near the ferry in 1684.

The hamlet no longer exists; it is now a part of the town of Rhoon itself. There is still a ferry called "Rhoonsveer"; it departs from the marina 500 m south of the former hamlet of Rhoonse Veer, with service to Spijkenisse and Oud-Beijerland.

William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland
William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland (Dutch: Hans Willem Bentinck; 20 July 1649 – 23 November 1709) was a Dutch-born British courtier and diplomat who became in an early stage the favourite of William, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder in the Netherlands, and future King of England. He was reportedly steady, sensible, modest and usually moderate. The friendship and cooperation stopped in 1699.
Josip Globevnik
Josip Globevnik (born December 6, 1945, in Ljubljana, Yugoslavia) is a Slovenian mathematician.

Globevnik graduated in 1968 and obtained his PhD in 1972 at the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology (FNT) of University of Ljubljana. He worked on the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy between 1969 and 1988, also as an associate professor (1978) and professor of mathematics (1983). From 1988 on he taught as a professor of mathematical analysis in the FNT and later the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics.

He taught as a guest on universities in the U.S. (1973/74, 1978/79, 1983–1985). For a shorter time, he visited several universities in Europe, Brazil, and Israel.

Globevnik's main research interest is complex analysis. He published around 50 articles in international journals. Since 1985 he has been a correspondence member and since 1989 a regular member of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts.

In 1976, he was awarded with Kidric Award.

Slovenes
The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians (Slovene: Slovenci [slɔˈʋéːntsi]), are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Slovenia and adjacent regions in Italy, Austria and Hungary. Slovenes share a common ancestry, culture, and history, and speak Slovene as their native language.

Outside of Slovenia and Europe, Slovenes form diaspora groups in the United States, Canada, Argentina and Australia.
Wentworth Leigh
James Wentworth Leigh (22 January 1838 – 5 January 1923) was an Anglican priest in the last decade of the 19th century and the first two of the 20th. He was a very active Freemason, an enthusiastic temperance campaigner, and an ardent social reformer.

Reformism (historical)
Reformism is a type of social movement that aims to bring a social or also a political system closer to the community's ideal. A reform movement is distinguished from more radical social movements such as revolutionary movements which reject those old ideals, in that the ideas are often grounded in liberalism, although they may be rooted in socialist (specifically, social democratic) or religious concepts. Some rely on personal transformation; others rely on small collectives, such as Mahatma Gandhi's spinning wheel and the self-sustaining village economy, as a mode of social change. Reactionary movements, which can arise against any of these, attempt to put things back the way they were before any successes the new reform movement(s) enjoyed, or to prevent any such successes.
Clicks (South Africa)
Clicks (officially Clicks Group Limited) is a South African healthcare, personal care, and beauty retail chain. Headquartered in Cape Town, the company operates around 1,000 retail outlets, around 800 of which include pharmacies, across Southern Africa.

Chain store
A chain store or retail chain is a retail outlet in which several locations share a brand, central management, and standardized business practices. They have come to dominate many retail markets, dining markets, and service categories in many parts of the world. A franchised retail establishment is one form of a chain store.  In 2005, the world's largest retail chain, Walmart, became the world's largest corporation based on gross sales.
Hermann Otto I of Limburg-Styrum
Hermann Otto I of Limburg-Styrum, count of Limburg and Bronckhorst, lord of Styrum, Gemen, Wisch and Borculo, and from 1640 to 1644 advocate of the imperial abbey of Vreden, was born in about 1592, and died on 17 October 1644. He was the eldest son of Jobst of Limburg Stirum.

Princely abbeys and imperial abbeys of the Holy Roman Empire
Princely abbeys (German: Fürstabtei, Fürststift) and Imperial abbeys (German: Reichsabtei, Reichskloster, Reichsstift, Reichsgotthaus) were religious establishments within the Holy Roman Empire which enjoyed the status of imperial immediacy (Reichsunmittelbarkeit) and therefore were answerable directly to the Emperor. The possession of imperial immediacy came with a unique form of territorial authority known as Landeshoheit, which carried with it nearly all the attributes of sovereignty.
Gomphidia podhigai
Gomphidia podhigai is a species of dragonfly in the family Gomphidae. It is known only from the Western Ghats of India.

It is described based on a male specimen found in the National Zoological Collections of the Zoological Survey of India in Chennai. It was collected from the Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary in Tamil Nadu. The species epithet podhigai is named after the ancient Tamil name for the Aghastyamalai were the type locality is situated.

Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary
Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary is a 402.4 km2 (155.4 sq mi) protected area in Kanyakumari district,  Tamil Nadu, South India declared in February 2008. The area is a tiger habitat. Seven rivers originate in the forest including the Thamirabarani River and Pahrali River.
Sophie (TV series)
Sophie is a Canadian television sitcom that aired on CBC from January 9, 2008, to March 23, 2009.

It stars Natalie Brown as Sophie Parker, an unmarried single mother and talent agent. The show is an English-language adaptation of Télévision de Radio-Canada's show Les Hauts et les bas de Sophie Paquin.

The show was created by Richard Blaimert and its executive producer is Jocelyn Deschênes, the same creative team behind the original series. It was the CBC's second attempt in as many years to create an English adaptation of a successful series from its French sister network, following the less successful Rumours.

In February 2008, it was announced that the show had been bought by ABC Family, part of Disney–ABC Television Group in the United States. The network signed on for the first 13 episodes, as well as an option for the second season of the show.

On March 27, 2009, the series was cancelled by CBC due to poor ratings.

Disney Entertainment Television
Disney Entertainment Television, formerly ABC Group, Disney–ABC Television Group, the second incarnation of Walt Disney Television and Disney General Entertainment Content, is a division of the Disney Entertainment business segment of the Walt Disney Company that oversees its owned-and-operated television content, assets and sub-divisions.

Founded on September 5, 1996, sub-divisions of DET include the American Broadcasting Company, ABC News, Disney Branded Television, Disney Television Studios,  Freeform, FX Networks, Hulu Original Content Teams, and National Geographic.
Michael A. Rice
Michael Alan Rice (born March 4, 1955) is an American professor of fisheries and aquaculture at the University of Rhode Island and former state representative from South Kingstown, Rhode Island.  A Democrat, he served in the Rhode Island House of Representatives, representing the 35th district, encompassing the village of Kingston and West Kingston, and parts of the neighborhoods of Tuckertown, Wakefield and Peace Dale. Rice was first elected on November 4, 2008, and served from January 3, 2009, to January 3, 2011.

Wakefield, Rhode Island
Wakefield is a village in the town of South Kingstown, Rhode Island, United States, and the commercial center of South Kingstown. Together with the village of Peace Dale, it is treated by the U.S. Census as a component of the census-designated place identified as Wakefield-Peacedale. West Kingston, another South Kingstown village, was the traditional county seat of Washington County. Since 1991, the Washington County Courthouse has been in Wakefield. The Sheriff's Office which handles corrections is also in Wakefield.

The Wakefield village center along Main Street (old Boston Post Road) between Belmont Avenue and Columbia Street was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996 as Wakefield Historic District, with boundary increases in 2019 and 2022. The district is significant for being an early commercial and industrial center. The district includes 53 properties over an area of 400 acres (160 ha).
Nina Murdoch (artist)
Nina Murdoch (born 1970) is a British painter, winner of the first Threadneedle Prize in 2008.

Murdoch graduated from the Slade School of Fine Art followed by a postgraduate diploma at the Royal Academy of Arts in London.

Murdoch paints on large canvases using egg tempera on gesso, with a subject matter normally drawn from visits to the streets of South London. Each painting can be made of up to 100 layers of medium, added then scraped back, which restricts her output to between 8 and 10 paintings per year.

In 2008 Murdoch was winner of the inaugural Threadneedle Prize for figurative art, winning £25,000 for her Untitled painting of light on a pavement.

In 2010 Murdoch joined the list of artists represented by Marlborough Fine Art, London.  She has had three shows with Marlborough, Shedding Light in 2011, Enlightenment in 2014, and Collecting Colour in 2018.

In November 2019, Murdoch won the ING Discerning Eye prize.

Slade School of Fine Art
The UCL Slade School of Fine Art (informally The Slade) is the art school of University College London (UCL) and is based in London, England. It has been ranked as the UK's top art and design educational institution. The school is organised as a department of UCL's Faculty of Arts and Humanities.
Arianna Zucchini
Arianna Zucchini (born 10 July 2003) is an Italian professional tennis player. She has career-high rankings of No. 513 in singles, achieved on 9 September 2024, and No. 655 in doubles, achieved on 5 December 2022.

WTA rankings
The WTA rankings are the ratings defined by the Women's Tennis Association, introduced in November 1975. The computer that calculates the ranking is nicknamed "Medusa".

Aryna Sabalenka is the current world No. 1 in women's singles.
Severn Valley
The Severn Valley is a rural area of the West Midlands region of England, through which the River Severn runs and the Severn Valley Railway steam heritage line operates, starting at its northernmost point in Bridgnorth, Shropshire and running south for 16 miles (26 km) to Ribbesford, a few miles south of Bewdley, Worcestershire in the Wyre Forest.

The area is about 25 miles (40 km) due west of Birmingham.

There is also use of this term to apply to areas around the River Severn as far south as Gloucester, and as far north as Ironbridge. To the north of Bridgnorth, the land to the sides of the river becomes much steeper, and the upstream part is known as Ironbridge Gorge. From Stourport-on-Severn south to Gloucester, the riverside has a much larger flood plain and loses its distinctive "valley" hillsides found a few miles north in Bewdley. To the south of Gloucester, it becomes the Vale of Berkeley and then the Severn Estuary.

Ribbesford
Ribbesford is a village in the Wyre Forest District of Worcestershire, England. It had a population of 237 in the 2001 census.

Notable features of Ribbesford include the Church of St Leonard, a Grade I listed building and Ribbesford House, a Grade II* listed building.
Ardoch
Ardoch can refer to:

Ardoch, Perth and Kinross, Scotland

Ardoch, North Dakota, USA

Ardoch, a community within North Frontenac, Ontario, Canada

Ardoch Algonquin First Nation, Ontario, Canada

Ardoch Burn, stream in Scotland

Ardoch National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota, USA

Ardoch Roman Fort, Scotland

Ardoch Algonquin First Nation
Ardoch Algonquin  is a non-status Algonquin (Anishinaabe) community that is located around the Madawaska, Mississippi and Rideau watersheds, north of Kingston, Ontario.

As non-status Indians (not recognized as an Indian Band by the federal Indian Act or any provincial government) Ardoch members are sometimes involved in intra-community politics.
Another Friday Night
Another Friday Night is the debut studio album by English DJ and producer Joel Corry, originally released digitally on 14 July 2023 with 13 tracks before its official release on 6 October 2023 through Perfect Havoc, Warner and Asylum Records. It includes collaborations with MNEK, MK, Rita Ora, Nathan Dawe, Ella Henderson, Tom Grennan, Becky Hill, Raye, David Guetta, Jax Jones, Charli XCX, Saweetie, Icona Pop, Rain Radio, J Hart, Caity Baser, Elphi, Billen Ted, Mabel, Bryson Tiller and Da Hool.

All songs but the title track were released as singles from the album, with the first, "Sorry", released in April 2019. Six singles reached the top 10 of the UK Singles Chart, including the 2020 number one "Head & Heart" with MNEK. The album reached number five on the UK Albums Chart and was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI).

James Abrahart
James John "JHart" Abrahart Jr. (born 12 June 1988) is a British singer, songwriter, record producer and arranger, based in Los Angeles. Signed by Mike Caren to Artist Publishing Group in 2013, he has been nominated for several Grammy Awards and worked with popular artists including Usher, Justin Bieber, Troye Sivan, Kygo, Cher, Chris Brown, Little Mix, Kylie Minogue, OneRepublic, Jennifer Lopez, Keith Urban, Jon Bellion, Kelsea Ballerini, Kevin Gates and TWICE. His output has amassed over 25 million in sales.
WHAD
WHAD (90.7 FM) is a non-commercial educational radio station licensed to Delafield, Wisconsin, United States, and serves sections of Greater Milwaukee and the Madison metropolitan area. It is part of the "WPR Music" classical music service of Wisconsin Public Radio (WPR), with studios are on the seventh floor of 310 West Wisconsin Avenue in Milwaukee. It is one of two full NPR member stations in Milwaukee, the other being the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee's WUWM, licensed to Milwaukee proper.

WHAD's transmitter is sited on Government Hill, off Reservoir Road near Wisconsin Highway 83 in Delafield, roughly equidistant from both Milwaukee and Madison, so WHAD can serve listeners in both cities. WHAD broadcasts in HD Radio; the HD2 digital subchannel carries WPR's News network.

Non-commercial educational station
A non-commercial educational station (NCE station) is a radio station or television station that does not accept on-air advertisements (TV ads or radio ads), as defined in the United States by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and was originally intended to offer educational programming as part, or whole, of its programming. NCE stations do not pay broadcast license fees for their non-profit uses of the radio spectrum. Stations which are almost always operated as NCE include public broadcasting, community radio, and college radio, as well as many religious broadcasting stations.
Nearly all non-commercial radio stations derive their support from listener support, grants and endowments, such as the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) that distributes supporting funds provided by Congress to support public radio.