hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Allotropes of iron
At atmospheric pressure, three allotropic forms of iron exist, depending on temperature: alpha iron (α-Fe, ferrite), gamma iron (γ-Fe, austenite), and delta iron (δ-Fe, similar to alpha iron). At very high pressure, a fourth form exists, epsilon iron (ε-Fe, hexaferrum). Some controversial experimental evidence suggests the existence of a fifth high-pressure form that is stable at very high pressures and temperatures.

The phases of iron at atmospheric pressure are important because of the differences in solubility of carbon, forming different types of steel. The high-pressure phases of iron are important as models for the solid parts of planetary cores. The inner core of the Earth is generally assumed to consist essentially of a crystalline iron-nickel alloy with ε structure. The outer core surrounding the solid inner core is believed to be composed of liquid iron mixed with nickel and trace amounts of lighter elements.

Earth's inner core
continental crust

oceanic crust

upper mantle

lower mantle

outer core

inner core

Mohorovičić discontinuity

core–mantle boundary

outer core–inner core boundary

Earth's inner core is the innermost geologic layer of the planet Earth. It is primarily a solid ball with a radius of about 1,230 km (760 mi), which is about 20% of Earth's radius or 70% of the Moon's radius.

There are no samples of the core accessible for direct measurement, as there are for Earth's mantle. The characteristics of the core have been deduced mostly from measurements of seismic waves and Earth's magnetic field. The inner core is believed to be composed of an iron–nickel alloy with some other elements. The temperature at its surface is estimated to be approximately 5,700 K (5,430 °C; 9,800 °F), about the temperature at the surface of the Sun.

The inner core is solid at high temperature because of its high pressure, in accordance with the Simon-Glatzel equation.
Port Perry Bridge (Pennsylvania Railroad)
The PPR Port Perry Bridge is a truss bridge that carries the Port Perry Branch of the Norfolk Southern Railway across the Monongahela River between the Pennsylvania towns of North Versailles Township, and Duquesne. The bridge was built to serve the Pennsylvania Railroad, to provide better access to industrial sites, and to help through trains bypass downtown Pittsburgh. Today, the bridge and corresponding route serve a similar purpose and are used to allow high-level loads, especially double-stacked container cars, to avoid the narrower routes through Pittsburgh.

Duquesne, Pennsylvania
Duquesne (/djuːˈkeɪn/ dew-KAYN) is a city along the Monongahela River in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States, within the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. The population was 5,254 at the 2020 census.
Ennia gens
The gens Ennia was a family of Calabrian descent.  It is known chiefly from a single individual, Quintus Ennius, a soldier, dramatist, and poet, whom the Romans came to regard as the father of their literature.  Ennius was born at Rudiae, a village near Brundisium in Calabria, in 239 BC.  He claimed descent from the ancient lords of Messapia.  As a young man, he served as a soldier in the Roman army, rising to the rank of centurion.  At the age of thirty-eight, he came to Rome in the train of Marcus Porcius Cato.  Most of his works have been lost, or exist only in fragments, but he was greatly influential on later Roman writers, including Vergil.

Centurion
A centurion (/sɛnˈtjʊəriən/; Latin: centurio [kɛn̪ˈt̪ʊrioː], pl. centuriones; Ancient Greek: κεντυρίων, romanized: kentyríōn, or Ancient Greek: ἑκατόνταρχος, romanized: hekatóntarkhos) was a professional non-commissioned officer in the Roman army who commanded a group of soldiers called a centuria or "century".

The term centurion is derived from the Latin word centurio, which itself originates from centum, meaning "hundred." Initially, centurions were commanders of a unit of roughly 100 soldiers, although the exact number varied over time and by period. The concept of the centurion emerged during the early Roman Republic (509–27 BCE), when Rome's military was based on citizen-soldiers organized into centuries (centuriae), units of 100 men within the Roman legion (legio).
Bertil Lintner
Bertil Lintner (born 1953) is a Swedish journalist, author and strategic consultant who has been writing about Asia for nearly four decades. He was formerly the Burma (Myanmar) correspondent of the now defunct Far Eastern Economic Review, and Asia correspondent for the Swedish daily Svenska Dagbladet and Denmark's Politiken. He currently works as a correspondent for Asia Times.

Politiken
Politiken is a Danish daily broadsheet newspaper, published by JP/Politikens Hus in Copenhagen, Denmark. It was founded in 1884 and played a role in the formation of the Danish Social Liberal Party. Since 1970 it has been independent of the party but maintains a liberal stance. It now runs an online newspaper, politiken.dk. The paper's design has won several international awards, and a number of its journalists have won the Cavling Prize.
2018 KNVB Cup final
The 2018 KNVB Cup final was a football match between Feyenoord and AZ on 22 April 2018 at De Kuip, Rotterdam. It was the final match of the 2017–18 KNVB Cup competition and the 100th Dutch Cup Final. Feyenoord beat AZ 3–0 to secure their 13th KNVB Cup trophy. Remarkably, Feyenoord played all of their cup matches at home, including the final (which is traditionally played at their stadium) despite being drawn as the away team.

The match was halted for a while in the opening stage of the game due to AZ fans throwing smokebombs on the pitch.

De Kuip
Stadion Feijenoord (pronounced [ˌstaːdijɔɱ ˈfɛiənoːrt]), more commonly known by its nickname De Kuip (pronounced [də ˈkœyp], the Tub), is a stadium in Rotterdam, Netherlands. It was completed in 1937. The name is derived from the Feijenoord district in Rotterdam, and from the club with the same name (although the club's name was internationalised to Feyenoord in 1973). The stadium has also hosted the Dutch national football team. Beginning in the late 1970s, it also became a concert venue, including for international touring musical acts, though the local government stopped allowing concerts after mid-2025.

The stadium's original capacity was 64,000. In 1949, it was expanded to 69,000, and in 1994 it was converted to a 51,117-seat all-seater. In 1999, a significant amount of restoration and interior work took place at the stadium before its use as a venue in the UEFA Euro 2000 tournament, although capacity was largely unaffected.
Valter Guchua
Valter Guchua (born 6 June 1975) is a Georgian footballer who plays for FC Baia Zugdidi.

Guchua played for FC Samtredia in UEFA Cup 1995-96, FC Dinamo Tbilisi in UEFA Champions League 1998-99, FC Torpedo Kutaisi in UEFA Champions League 2002-03, Sioni Bolnisi in UEFA Cup 2003-04.

He made his Georgia debut on 24 April 1996, against Romania on friendly.

2003–04 UEFA Cup
The 2003–04 UEFA Cup was won by Valencia in the final against Marseille. It wrapped up a league and UEFA Cup double for Valencia.

Porto could not defend their title as they automatically qualified for the 2003–04 UEFA Champions League and also went on to win the final for their second European Cup title.
Toverland
Attractiepark Toverland is an amusement park located in Sevenum, the Netherlands. It first opened in 2001 as an indoor family entertainment centre, operated by the Gelissen Group. Toverland won the European Star Award for the Best Theme Park in 2018. More recently, the park partially rebranded and added new attractions.

Family entertainment center
A family entertainment center (FEC) in the entertainment industry, also known as an indoor amusement park, family amusement center, family fun center, soft play, or simply fun center, is a small amusement park marketed towards families with small children to teenagers, often entirely indoors. They usually cater to "sub-regional markets of larger metropolitan areas." FECs are generally small compared to full-scale amusement parks, with fewer attractions, a lower per-person per-hour cost to consumers than a traditional amusement park, and not usually major tourist attractions, but sustained by an area customer base. Many are locally owned and operated, although there are a number of chains and franchises in the field. Some, operated by non-profit organizations as children's museums or science museums, tend to be geared toward edutainment experiences rather than simply amusement.
Peter Rutledge
Peter Jonathan Rutledge is a New Zealand chemist and professor at the School of Chemistry, University of Sydney. His research has focused on drug development for tuberculosis, antibiotics, and metal sensing. He has engaged in some research activity on catalysis.

University of Sydney School of Chemistry
The School of Chemistry, University of Sydney is a school of the Faculty of Science at the University of Sydney.

Two Nobel Laureates are associated with the School: John Cornforth completed his undergraduate degree in the School, graduating in 1938 with First Class Honours and the University Medal; and Robert Robinson was appointed as the first Professor of Pure and Applied Organic Chemistry at the university in 1912.
Kleeman
Kleeman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexandra Kleeman (born 1986), American writer

Jenny Kleeman, British documentary film-maker and journalist

Jessie Kleemann (born 1959), Greenlandic artist and writer

Otto Kleemann (1855–1936), American architect

Alexandra Kleeman
Alexandra Kleeman (born 1986) is an American writer. Winner of the 2020 Rome Prize, her work has been reviewed in The New York Times, The Guardian, Vanity Fair, Vogue, and the Los Angeles Review of Books.
John Aldridge (artist)
John Arthur Malcolm Aldridge RA (26 July 1905 – 3 May 1983) was a British oil painter, draftsman, wallpaper designer, and art teacher in the United Kingdom. He was elected an Associate of the Royal Academy (ARA) in 1954 and a Royal Academician (RA) in 1963.

Designer
A designer is a person who plans the form or structure of something before it is made, by preparing drawings or plans. In practice, anyone who creates tangible or intangible objects, products, processes, laws, games, graphics, services, or experiences can be called a designer.
Tuczno Pierwsze
Tuczno Pierwsze [ˈtut͡ʂnɔ ˈpjɛrfʂɛ] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Tuczno, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north of Tuczno, 22 km (14 mi) west of Wałcz, and 107 km (66 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The settlement has a population of 20.

Tuczno
Tuczno [ˈtut͡ʂnɔ] (German: Tütz, earlier Tietz) is a town and former pre-diocesan Catholic see in Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship in northwestern Poland, with 1,900 inhabitants (2010).

It is the home of the restored Tuczno Castle, which is a popular place for conferences.

There is a Michael Jackson Street in Tuczno, the first of its kind in Poland.
Merrimack County, New Hampshire
Merrimack County is a county in the U.S. state of New Hampshire. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 153,808, making it the third most populous county in New Hampshire. Its county seat is Concord, the state capital. The county was organized in 1823 from parts of Hillsborough and Rockingham counties, and is named for the Merrimack River. Merrimack County comprises the Concord, NH Micropolitan Statistical Area, which in turn constitutes a portion of the Boston–Worcester–Providence, MA–RI–NH–CT Combined Statistical Area. In 2010, the center of population of New Hampshire was located in Merrimack County, in the town of Pembroke.

Center of population
In demographics, the center of population (or population center) of a region is a geographical point that describes a centerpoint of the region's population.  There are several ways of defining such a "center point", leading to different geographical locations; these are often confused.
Dennis Mitchell (scholar)
Dennis A. Mitchell is a Canadian-American university leader and scholar of dental medicine. He currently serves as Dean of the Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, a position to which he was appointed in October 2025 after having served as interim dean since February 2025. Dr. Mitchell has held a number of leadership and teaching roles at Columbia since 1991 including executive vice president for university life, senior vice provost for faculty advancement, and professor of dental medicine at Columbia University Irving Medical Center at Columbia University.

Columbia University Irving Medical Center
Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC) is the academic medical center of Columbia University and the largest campus of NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital. The center's academic wing consists of Columbia's colleges and schools of Physicians and Surgeons, Dental Medicine, Nursing, and Public Health.

The center's healthcare wing include Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York State Psychiatric Institute, and the Audubon Biomedical Research Park. The center is located in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Upper Manhattan, New York City.

The campus covers several blocks—primarily between West 165th and 169th Streets from Riverside Drive to Audubon Avenue.
Mariefred Charterhouse
Mariefred Charterhouse, sometimes referred to as Gripsholm Charterhouse (Swedish: Mariefreds kloster, Latin: Monasterium Pacis Mariae or Pax Mariae), was a Carthusian monastery, or charterhouse, in the present town of Mariefred in Södermanland, Sweden, to which it gave its name; before the building of the monastery the place was known as Gripsholm. It was the only Carthusian monastery in Scandinavia, and one of the last monasteries established in Sweden before the Reformation.

Södermanland
Södermanland (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈsø̂ːdɛrmanˌland] or [ˈsø̌ː-] ⓘ), locally Sörmland, sometimes referred to under its Latinized form Sudermannia or Sudermania, is a historical province (or landskap) on the south eastern coast of Sweden. It borders Östergötland, Närke, Västmanland and Uppland. It is also bounded by lake Mälaren and the Baltic Sea.

Södermanland means "(The) Land of the Southern Men", where the "southern men" (södermännen) were the people living south of Uppland.
Greater Baltimore Golf Classic
The Greater Baltimore Golf Classic was a golf tournament on the LPGA Tour from 1962 to 1980. It was played at the Turf Valley Country Club in Ellicott City, Maryland from 1962 to 1966 and at the Pine Ridge Golf Course in Timonium, Maryland from 1967 to 1980.

Turf Valley, Maryland
Turf Valley is an unincorporated community in Ellicott City, Maryland, United States. The resort is situated in a wedge between Route 70 and U.S. Route 40, with the David Force Natural Resource Area along the northern border.
Ras cannons
The Ras Cannons were the first cannons built in South Africa. The two cannons were constructed during the First Boer War on a farm Bokfontein in Brits district.

They were built during a two-week period by Marthinus Nikolaas Ras, who is considered the father of South African Artillery, and his cousin, Eduard Dawid Ras who was a talented blacksmith.

In December 1880, Ras requested and obtained permission from General Piet Cronjé to return home to his farm Bokfontein, near Brits, to build a cannon for the Boer forces.

Rustenburg
Rustenburg (/ˈrʌstənbɜːrɡ/; Afrikaans pronunciation: [ˈrœstənbœrχ], Afrikaans and Dutch: City of Rest) is a city at the foot of the Magaliesberg mountain range. Rustenburg is the most populous city in North West province, South Africa (549,575 in 2011 and 626,522 in the 2016 census). In 2017, the city's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) reached ZAR 63.8 billion, accounting for 21.1% of the GDP of the North West Province, and 1.28% of the GDP of South Africa.  Rustenburg was one of the official host cities of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, being in close proximity to Phokeng, the capital of the Royal Bafokeng Nation, where the Royal Bafokeng Stadium is located. The England national football team also used this as their base camp for the tournament.
Abbasid Palace
The Abbasid Palace (Arabic: القصر العباسي, romanized: Al-Qasr al-Abbasi) is an ancient Abbasid complex and an Iraqi historical palace located near the Tigris river on al-Rusafa side of Baghdad, Iraq. North of al-Mutanabbi Street and a part of al-Maidan area. The palace dates back to the late 12th or early 13th century. It was most likely built by the Abbasid caliph al-Nasir (although this is disputed) and was used as a walkable and observant fort for the Caliph. The Abbasid Palace is one of the few remaining examples of Abbasid-era buildings in Baghdad along with al-Mustansiriyya Madrasa and others. After falling into ruin, it was heavily reconstructed during the 20th century.

The Abbasid Palace is considered one of the most important archaeological buildings in Baghdad due to its age and Islamic architecture. The area in which the palace is located in, as well as the palace itself, are a part of a tentative UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Al-Maidan Square
Al-Maidan Square (Arabic: ساحة الميدان), also known as just al-Maidan, is an old locality and area located in al-Rusafa district in Baghdad, Iraq, that begins from Bab al-Mu'adham to al-Rashid Street. The square includes many buildings, markets, departments, government headquarters and neighborhoods where officials such as former Iraqi prime ministers Nuri al-Said and Ja'far al-Askari lived. Confined between al-Rashid Street and al-Jumhuriya Street, al-Maidan Square is considered one of the most prominent landmarks of Baghdad.
Grains Research and Development Corporation
Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC) is an Australian research statutory corporation founded in October 1990 under the Primary Industries and Energy Research and Development Act, 1989 (PIERD Act). It invests in projects and partnerships to drive profitability and productivity in Australia's grains industry. It is funded by the Australian government and a levy on graingrowers, which is determined by the industry's peak bodies Grains Producers Australia (GPA) and Graingrowers Ltd (GGL).  The Department of Agriculture is the relevant government department.

Statutory corporation
A statutory corporation is a corporation created by statute. Their precise nature varies by jurisdiction, but their powers are defined in, and controlled by, the creating legislation.

Bodies described in the English language as "statutory corporations" exist in the following countries in accordance with the associated descriptions (where provided).
Bajo sospecha
Bajo sospecha (Spanish: Under suspicion) is a Spanish crime drama television series produced by Bambú Producciones for Atresmedia. It airs on Atresmedia's main channel Antena 3. The first season was initially planned to have 10 episodes, but about 20% of the filmed scenes were edited out to reduce the number to 8. The first season revolved around an investigation by undercover police officers Víctor Reyes (Yon González) and Laura Cortés (Blanca Romero), alongside their superior, Superintendent Casas (Lluís Homar). In May 2015, it was confirmed that the series would have a second season, centered on a different investigation, in which Yon González and Lluís Homar would reprise their roles, with Olivia Molina playing the new main female character.

Antena 3 (Spanish TV channel)
Antena 3 (Antena Tres) is a Spanish terrestrial television channel part of Atresmedia, of which it is the flagship station. Its current headquarters are located in San Sebastián de los Reyes.

Some of the most popular programmes broadcast by Antena 3 include Aquí no hay quien viva, Física o Química, El barco, Los Protegidos, The Simpsons and El Internado. Some of its programmes, such as Física o Química, Money Heist and Your Face Sounds Familiar gained international success and recognition, leading to many duplicate programmes being produced worldwide.

Antena 3 is generally listed as the third channel on television sets throughout Spain, except in certain autonomous communities where the regional station occupies channel number 3.
Milouš Kvaček
Milouš Kvaček  (19 November 1933 – 14 May 2010) was a Czech professional football player and manager who played for the Spartak Hradec Králové side that won the 1959–60 Czechoslovak First League title.

FK Mladá Boleslav
FK Mladá Boleslav is a Czech professional football club based in the city of Mladá Boleslav. Since 2004, the club has been participating in the Czech First League.

In the Czech First League, Mladá Boleslav were runners up in 2005–06 and on third place in 2006–07 and 2013–14. The club won the Czech Cup in 2010–11 and 2015–16. In 2024–25, the club participated in the European Cups for the tenth time and qualified for the group stage for the third time.
Orotidine
Orotidine is a nucleoside formed by attaching orotic acid to a ribose ring via a β-N1-glycosidic bond. It is found in bacteria, fungi and plants. It was first isolated in 1951 from the fungus Neurospora by A. Michael Michelson, William Drell, and Herschel K. Mitchell. In humans, orotidine occurs as its 5'-phosphate (orotidylic acid), which is an intermediate in pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis (cytidine and uridine) that are found in nucleic acids. Orotidine itself is not a component of nucleic acid. Large amounts of orotidine are excreted in the urine of cancer patients treated with 6-azauridine.

The symbol commonly used for orotidine is O or Ord.

Neurospora
Neurospora is a genus of Ascomycete fungi. The genus name, meaning "nerve spore" refers to the characteristic striations on the spores that resemble axons.

The best known species in this genus is Neurospora crassa, a common model organism in biology. Neurospora intermedia var. oncomensis is believed to be the only mold belonging to Neurospora which is used in food production (to make oncom).
Vibrio furnissii
Vibrio furnissii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium. Its type strain is ATCC 35016 (= CDC B3215). V. furnissii is aerogenic (gas-producing), and uses L-rhamnose, L-arginine, L-arabinose, maltose, and D-mannitol, but not L-lysine, L-ornithine, or lactose. It has been isolated from patients with gastroenteritis, bacteremia, skin lesions, and sepsis.

Maltose
Maltose (/ˈmɔːltoʊs/ or /ˈmɔːltoʊz/), also known as maltobiose or malt sugar, is a disaccharide formed from two units of glucose joined with an α(1→4) bond. In the isomer isomaltose, the two glucose molecules are joined with an α(1→6) bond. Maltose is the two-unit member of the amylose homologous series, the key structural motif of starch. When beta-amylase breaks down starch, it removes two glucose units at a time, producing maltose. An example of this reaction is found in germinating seeds, which is why it was named after malt. Unlike sucrose, it is a reducing sugar.
Westra
Westra is a toponymic surname of West Frisian origin, approximately meaning "from the West". People with the name include:

Ans Westra (1936–2023), Dutch-born New Zealand photographer

Berry Westra (born 1961), Dutch bridge player

Lieuwe Westra (1982–2023), Dutch racing cyclist

Steven Westra (born 1969), American politician from South Dakota

Willem Westra van Holthe (born 1948),  New Zealand-born Australian politician

Willy Westra van Holthe (1888–1965), Dutch football player

West Frisia
West Frisia (/ˈfriːʒə/; Latin: Frisia Occidentalis; West Frisian: West-Fryslân) is a term that, when used in an international context, refers to the traditionally Frisian areas that are located west of the Dollart (i.e. in the present-day Netherlands). Along with East Frisia and North Frisia, it is one of the most commonly used subdivisions of Frisia. In its narrowest sense, the term is synonymous with the province of Friesland. Within the Netherlands, however, it is mostly used to refer to the region of West Friesland, located west of Friesland.