hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Integrated amplifier
An integrated amplifier (pre/main amp) is an electronic device containing an audio preamplifier and power amplifier in one unit, as opposed to separating the two. Most modern audio amplifiers are integrated and have several inputs for devices such as CD players, DVD players, and auxiliary sources.

Vintage integrated amplifiers commonly have dedicated inputs for phonograph, tuner, tape recorder and an auxiliary input. Except for the phono input, all of the inputs are line level, thus, they are interchangeable. The phono stage provides RIAA equalization.

Preamplifier
A preamplifier, also known as a preamp,  is an electronic amplifier that converts a weak electrical signal into an output signal strong enough to be noise-tolerant and strong enough for further processing, or for sending to a power amplifier and a loudspeaker. Without this, the final signal would be noisy or distorted. They are typically used to amplify signals from analog sensors such as microphones and pickups. Because of this, the preamplifier is often placed close to the sensor to reduce the effects of noise and interference.
Diocese of Sokoto
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Sokoto (Latin: Sokotoën(sis)) is a diocese located in the city of Sokoto in the ecclesiastical province of Kaduna in Nigeria.  Its territory includes the states of Sokoto, Zamfara, Kebbi, and Katsina.

Sokoto State
Sokoto Listenⓘ (Hausa: Jihar Sakkwato; Fula: 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤧𞤮𞥅𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤮𞥅, Leydi Sokoto) is one of the 36 states of Nigeria, located in the extreme northwest of the country. It is bounded by Republic of the Niger to the north and west for 363 km (226 miles), and the states of Zamfara to the east, and Kebbi to the south and west, partly across the Ka River. Its capital and largest city is the city of Sokoto. Sokoto is located near to the confluence of the Sokoto River and the Rima River. As of 2022 it has an estimated population of more than 6.3 million.

Being the seat of the former Sokoto Caliphate, the city is predominantly Muslim and an important seat of Islamic learning in Nigeria. The Sultan who heads the caliphate is effectively the spiritual leader of Nigerian Muslims.
Wimania
Wimania is an extinct genus of coelacanth lobe-finned fish that lived during the Early Triassic epoch in what is now Svalbard. Fossils were found in the Smithian (early Olenekian) aged "Fish Niveau" of the Lusitaniadalen Member of the Vikinghøgda Formation. Wimania belongs to the family Coelacanthidae. It is named after Carl Wiman.

Olenekian
In the geologic timescale, the Olenekian is an age in the Early Triassic epoch; in chronostratigraphy, it is a stage in the Lower Triassic series. It spans the time between 249.9 Ma and 246.7 Ma (million years ago). The Olenekian is sometimes divided into the Smithian and the Spathian subages or substages. The Olenekian follows the Induan and is followed by the Anisian (Middle Triassic).

The Olenekian saw the deposition of a large part of the Buntsandstein in Europe. The Olenekian is roughly coeval with the regional Yongningzhenian Stage used in China.
Cryptic bearded goby
Barbuligobius boehlkei, the Cryptic bearded goby, is a species of goby native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean where it can be found on sand-rubble substrates at depths of from 1 to 15 metres (3.3 to 49.2 ft).  This species grows to a length of 2 centimetres (0.79 in) SL.  This species is the only known member of its genus. Its specific name honours James E. Böhlke (1930-1982) of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University
The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, formerly the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, is the oldest natural science research institution and museum in the Americas. It was founded in 1812, by many of the leading naturalists of the young American republic with an expressed mission of "the encouragement and cultivation of the sciences". It has sponsored expeditions, conducted original environmental and systematics research, and amassed natural history collections containing more than 17 million specimens. The Academy also organizes public exhibits and educational programs for both schools and the general public.
Jean Veillet (1901–1985)
Jean Veillet (born 14 March 1901 in Dijon (Côte-d'Or) and died in 1985 in the same city) was a French doctor. French Resistance and local politician, he was mayor of Dijon and president of the Departmental Council of Côte-d'Or.

Côte-d'Or
Côte-d'Or (French pronunciation: [kot dɔʁ] ⓘ) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in France. In 2019, it had a population of 534,124. Its prefecture is Dijon, which is also the regional prefecture; its subprefectures are Beaune and Montbard.
A. M. Edwards
Adolph Monroe Edwards Jr. (October 12, 1905 – October 17, 1987) was an American lawyer and statesman, who served as the Secretary of Guam from 1960 to 1961. Appointed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, Edwards served in multiple roles as solicitor and counsel in the United States Department of the Interior.

Counsel
A counsel or a counsellor at law is a person who gives advice and deals with various issues, particularly in legal matters. It is a title often used interchangeably with the title of lawyer.

The word counsel can also mean advice given outside of the context of the legal profession.
Together at Home
One World: Together at Home (also known as Together at Home) was a 2020 benefit concert  organized by Global Citizen of New York City and curated by singer Lady Gaga in support of the World Health Organization. The special was intended to promote the practice of social distancing while staying together during the COVID-19 pandemic.

On April 18, 2020, a six-hour pre-show was streamed online immediately prior to the television global broadcast. The online portion of the event was hosted through YouTube by actress and presenter Jameela Jamil (first hour), actor Matthew McConaughey (second hour), actress Danai Gurira (third hour), singer Becky G (fourth hour), actress Laverne Cox (fifth hour) and actor Don Cheadle (sixth hour). It featured appearances from numerous celebrities.

Claudia Winkleman
Claudia Anne Irena Winkleman MBE (born 15 January 1972) is an English broadcaster and writer. She co-presented the BBC One dance competition Strictly Come Dancing (2010–2025) and hosts the BBC One reality series The Traitors (2022–present), the latter of which won her a BAFTA award in 2023. She hosted the Saturday mid-morning show on BBC Radio 2 from 2020 to 2024.  Winkleman was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2025 Birthday Honours for services to broadcasting.
Flowing Free Forever
Flowing Free Forever is the sixth album by American singer-songwriter Michael Martin Murphey. The album establishes Murphey's love of wide open spaces and his "desire to let his soul roam freely." The album was not as commercially successful as a few of his earlier releases, but "Murphey's visions and persona remain intact." The album contains the song "Cherokee Fiddle", which was later recorded by Johnny Lee for the film soundtrack for Urban Cowboy. Flowing Free Forever peaked at number 130 on the Billboard 200.

Urban Cowboy
Urban Cowboy is a 1980 American romantic Western film directed by James Bridges. The plot concerns the love-hate relationship between Buford "Bud" Davis (John Travolta) and Sissy (Debra Winger). The film's success was credited for spurring a mainstream revival of country music. Much of the action revolves around activities at Gilley's Club, a football-field-sized honky tonk in Pasadena, Texas.
Inventive step under the European Patent Convention
Under the European Patent Convention (EPC), European patents shall be granted for inventions which inter alia involve an inventive step. The central legal provision explaining what this means, i.e. the central legal provision relating to the inventive step under the EPC, is Article 56 EPC. That is, an invention, having regard to the state of the art, must not be obvious to a person skilled in the art. The Boards of Appeal of the European Patent Office (EPO) have developed an approach, called the "problem-and-solution approach", to assess whether an invention involves an inventive step.

European Intellectual Property Review
The European Intellectual Property Review (EIPR) is a monthly law review published since 1978 by Sweet & Maxwell (now part of Thomson Reuters), that covers international intellectual property law. Its general editor since its 1978 inception has been Hugh Brett.

The earliest issues of EIPR, for October to December 1978 lack numbering; volume 1 begins with January 1979. Its initial publisher was ESC Publishing Ltd., subsequently acquired by Sweet & Maxwell Ltd., which Thomson Reuters later acquired.
Rudi van Houts
Rudolphus Antonie Cornelis “Rudi” van Houts (born 16 January 1984 in Luyksgestel) is a Dutch former professional road cyclist and mountain biker.

Van Houts finished 10th overall at the Giro del Capo in Cape Town in 2007, finishing 3:54 behind the winner. He finished 12th in the 2008 UCI World Mountain Bike Championships held in Val di Sole. Later that year he also qualified for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he finished in 34th.  At the 2012 Summer Olympics he finished in 17th.

2008 UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships
The 2008 UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships were held in Val di Sole, Italy from 17 to 22 June 2008. The disciplines included were cross-country, downhill, four-cross, and trials. The event was the 19th edition of the UCI Mountain Bike World Championships and the 23rd edition of the UCI Trials World Championships.

Future three-time road world champion and seven-time Tour de France points classification winner Peter Sagan won the junior men's cross-country title.
2021 Monte-Carlo Masters – Singles
Stefanos Tsitsipas defeated Andrey Rublev in the final, 6–3, 6–3 to win the singles tennis title at the 2021 Monte-Carlo Masters. It was his first ATP Tour Masters 1000 title, making him the first Greek to win a Masters tournament. Rublev was also in contention for his maiden Masters 1000 title.

Fabio Fognini was the defending champion from when the tournament was last held in 2019, but lost to Casper Ruud in the quarterfinals.

Alexei Popyrin
Alexei Popyrin (born 5 August 1999) is an Australian professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 19 achieved on 4 August 2025 and a best doubles ranking of No. 118 reached on 23 February 2026. He is the current No. 2 male singles player from Australia.

Popyrin has won three ATP Tour singles titles, the most significant at the 2024 Canada Open, an ATP 1000-level event. He represents Australia at the Davis Cup.
Villasanti
Villasanti is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Mario Villasanti (born 1982), Paraguayan footballer

Mathías Villasanti (born 1997), Paraguayan footballer

Raimundo Rolón Villasanti (1903–1981), President of Paraguay in 1949

Richard Villasanti (born 1980), Australian rugby league player

Richard Villasanti
Richard Villasanti (born 20 May 1980) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in 1990s and 2000s. An Australia national representative forward, he played his club football in the National Rugby League for Balmain, Wests Tigers, New Zealand Warriors, and Cronulla-Sutherland.
1871 Quebec general election
The 1871 Quebec general election was held in June and July 1871 to elect members of the Second Legislature for the province of Quebec, Canada. The Quebec Conservative Party, led by Premier Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau, was re-elected, defeating the Quebec Liberal Party, led by Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière.

Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière
Sir Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière, PC, KCMG (December 5, 1829 – November 16, 1908), lawyer, businessman and politician, served as the fourth premier of Quebec, a federal Cabinet minister, and the seventh Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia.
Helene Holzman
Helene Holzman (30 August 1891 in Jena – 25 August 1968) was a German painter and writer. She spent time in a concentration camp. She posthumously won the Geschwister-Scholl-Preis for the memoir Dies Kind Soll Leben (This Child Must Live).

Geschwister-Scholl-Preis
The Geschwister-Scholl-Preis is a literary prize which is awarded annually by the Bavarian chapter of the Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels and the city of Munich. Every year, a book is honoured, which "shows intellectual independence and supports civil freedom, moral, intellectual and aesthetic courage and that gives an important impulse to the present awareness of responsibility".

The prize is named in memory and honor of Sophie and Hans Scholl, who are collectively referred to as the Geschwister Scholl ("Scholl siblings"). It is endowed with 10,000 euros and is presented at a ceremony at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich.
Logistic Battalion "Granatieri di Sardegna"
The Logistic Battalion "Granatieri di Sardegna" (Italian: Battaglione Logistico "Granatieri di Sardegna") is an inactive military logistics battalion of the Italian Army, which was assigned to the Mechanized Brigade "Granatieri di Sardegna". The battalion's anniversary falls, as for all units of the Italian Army's Transport and Materiel Corps, on 22 May, the anniversary of the Royal Italian Army's first major use of automobiles to transport reinforcements to the Asiago plateau to counter the Austro-Hungarian Asiago Offensive in May 1916.

Civitavecchia
Civitavecchia (Italian: [ˌtʃivitaˈvɛkkja], lit. 'Ancient Town'; Latin: Centumcellae, and later, Civitas Vetus) is a city and major sea port on the Tyrrhenian Sea 60 kilometres (37 miles) west-northwest of Rome, Lazio, Italy. Administratively, it is a comune (municipality) of the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital. Civitavecchia's harbour is formed by two piers and a breakwater on which stands a lighthouse.
2015 African Handball Champions League
The 2015 African Handball Champions League was the 37th edition, organized by the African Handball Confederation, under the auspices of the International Handball Federation, the handball sport governing body. The tournament was held from October 21–30, 2015 in three venues: Salle Al Aroui, Salle Omnisport and Salle Sellaouan, in Nador, Morocco, contested by 15 teams and won by Al Zamalek Cairo of Egypt.

Zamalek qualified to the 2016 IHF Super Globe.

2016 IHF Super Globe
The 2016 IHF Super Globe was the tenth edition of the tournament. It was held in Doha (Qatar) at the Duhail Handball Sports Hall from 5 to 8 September 2016.

Berlin defeated Paris in the final to gain their second title.
The Gift of Love
The Gift of Love is a 1958 American CinemaScope drama romance film directed by Jean Negulesco and starring Lauren Bacall and Robert Stack.

The film's screenplay was based on the short story "The Little Horse" by Nelia Gardner White, originally published in a 1944 issue of Good Housekeeping, and previously made into the film Sentimental Journey (1946), with John Payne and Maureen O'Hara.

John Payne (actor)
John Howard Payne (May 23, 1912 – December 6, 1989) was an American film actor who is mainly remembered from film noir crime stories and 20th Century Fox musical films, and for his leading roles in Miracle on 34th Street and the NBC Western television series The Restless Gun.
WKQV
WKQV (105.5 FM, "105 KQV") is a Classic rock formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Cowen, West Virginia, serving the Richwood/Summersville area.  WKQV is owned and operated by Summit Media Broadcasting, LLC.

Richwood, West Virginia
Richwood is a city in Nicholas County, West Virginia, United States. In 2020, the census showed Richwood with a population of 1,661. During the 19th and early 20th century Richwood was a booming coal and lumber town. Richwood has a very rich history, including the formation of the Cherry River Navy civic organization to draw attention to issues important to the community. Richwood has also become known statewide as the "Ramp Capital of the World". Each year, in April, the city hosts a large festival that draws visitors from around the country.
HSwMS Gripen
Seven warships of Sweden have been named Gripen, after Gripen:

HSwMS Gripen (1677), a warship launched in 1677.

HSwMS Gripen (1713), a galley launched in 1713.

HSwMS Gripen (1715), a frigate launched in 1715.

HSwMS Gripen (1750), a frigate launched in 1750.

HSwMS Gripen (1775), a frigate launched in 1775.

HSwMS Gripen (1928), a Draken I-class submarine launched in 1928 and stricken in 1947.

HSwMS Gripen (1960), a Draken II-class submarine launched in 1960 and stricken in 1989.

Draken-class submarine (1960)
The Draken class was a submarine class built for the Swedish Navy from 1960 to 1962. A total of six submarines were delivered. Four of the boats were modernised in 1981–1982. The design was a modified version of the Hajen class with only one shaft with a larger 5-bladed propeller for improved underwater performance and reduced noise. Draken, Vargen, Nordkaparen and Springaren were ordered from Kockums.  Gripen and Delfinen were from Karlskrona. These boats were decommissioned 1988–1990 and were succeeded by the Sjöormen and Näcken-class submarines.

One submarine, HSwMS Nordkaparen, was preserved and can be seen at the Maritiman in Gothenburg.
Deep Sea (film)
Deep Sea (Chinese: 深海; pinyin: Shēnhǎi) is a 2023 Chinese 3D animated fantasy film, written and directed by Tian Xiaopeng who previously directed Monkey King: Hero Is Back, co-produced by his company October Media and Coloroom Pictures.

2023 in film
2023 in film is an overview of events, including award ceremonies, festivals, a list of country- and genre-specific lists of films released, and notable deaths. Warner Bros. and Walt Disney Studios celebrated their 100th anniversaries this year. The Super Mario Bros. Movie and Barbie were the two movies that made $1 billion in 2023.

A large number of the year's films significantly underperformed at the box office, attributed to high budgets and low marketing due to the 2023 Hollywood labor disputes.
Robot software
Robot software is the set of coded commands or instructions that tell a mechanical device and electronic system, known together as a robot, what tasks to perform. Robot software is used to perform autonomous tasks. Many software systems and frameworks have been proposed to make programming robots easier.

Some robot software aims at developing intelligent mechanical devices. Common tasks include feedback loops, control, pathfinding, data filtering, locating and sharing data.

Pathfinding
Pathfinding or pathing is the search, by a computer application, for the shortest route between two points. It is a more practical variant on solving mazes. This field of research is based heavily on Dijkstra's algorithm for finding the shortest path on a weighted graph.

Pathfinding is closely related to the shortest path problem, within graph theory, which examines how to identify the path that best meets some criteria (shortest, cheapest, fastest, etc) between two points in a large network.
HNoMS Valkyrien (A535)
HNoMS Valkyrien has the pennant number A535 and is the present support vessel for the Royal Norwegian Navy Coastal Combat Flotilla. Valkyrien was built as a civilian supply vessel in 1981. She was bought by the RNoN in 1994. Command was assumed on 4 February 1994. The ship has a strengthened hull and meets the requirements of ice breaking class ICE C. The vessel has a displacement of 3,000 tons and a top speed of 16.5 knots (30.6 km/h). The ship also had towing and anchor handling capacities. As a civilian ship she had a crew of 11. Today she has a crew of about 20-25.

HNoMS Valkyrien docked in Copenhagen

Pennant number
In the Royal Navy and other navies of Europe and the Commonwealth of Nations, ships are identified by pennant number (an internationalisation of pendant number, which it was called before 1948). Historically, naval ships flew a flag that identified a flotilla or type of vessel. For example, the Royal Navy used a red burgee for torpedo boats and a pennant with an H for torpedo boat destroyers. Adding a number to the type-identifying flag uniquely identified each ship.

In the current system, a letter prefix, called a flag superior, identifies the type of ship, and numerical suffix, called a flag inferior, uniquely identifies an individual ship. Not all pennant numbers have a flag superior.
Stephanie Pui-Mun Law
Stephanie Pui-Mun Law (born 1976) is an American painter and illustrator who works predominantly in watercolor and whose art is inspired by, and depicts scenes of fantasy, the Other World, and the surreal. She has also been influenced by the art of the Impressionists, Pre-Raphaelites, and Surrealists, as well as  other contemporary popular fantasy artists.

She studied at University of California, Berkeley with a double BA degree in Fine Arts and Computer Science. She currently resides in Oakland, California.

Jennifer Fallon
Jennifer Fallon (born 1959) is an Australian author of fantasy and science fiction. She is also a businesswoman, trainer and business consultant.

Jennifer has a master's degree from the Creative Arts faculty of QUT. A computer trainer and application specialist in her "day job", Jennifer currently works in the IT industry and spends a month each year working at Scott Base in Antarctica.
Överkalix Municipality
Överkalix Municipality (Swedish: Överkalix kommun; Finnish: Ylikainuun kunta) is a municipality in Norrbotten County in northern Sweden. Its seat is located in Överkalix.

In 1870 a part of old Överkalix Municipality was detached from it, forming a municipality called Korpilombolo (now in Pajala Municipality). The municipality was not affected by the two subdivision reforms of the 20th century.

The coat of arms was designed in 1944 and based on the arms of the parish. Its exact meaning is not known, but many northern arms feature bears, reindeer or other animals.

Statistics Sweden
Statistics Sweden (Swedish: Statistiska centralbyrån [staˈtɪ̌sːtɪska sɛnˈtrɑ̂ːlˌbyːrɔn] ⓘ; SCB, lit. 'Central Bureau of Statistics') is the Swedish government agency operating under the Ministry of Finance and responsible for producing official statistics for decision-making, debate and research. The agency's responsibilities include:

developing, producing and disseminating statistics;

active participation in international statistical cooperation;

coordination and support of the Swedish system for official statistics, which includes 26 authorities responsible for official statistics in their areas of expertise.

National statistics in Sweden date back to 1686 when the parishes of the Church of Sweden were ordered to start keeping records on the population. SCB's predecessor, the Tabellverket ("office for tabulation"), was set up in 1749, and the current name was adopted in 1858.
Årmålsryggen
Årmålsryggen (73°12′S 2°8′W﻿ / ﻿73.200°S 2.133°W﻿ / -73.200; -2.133) is a ridge at the west end of the Neumayer Cliffs in Queen Maud Land. It was photographed from the air by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39). It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) and from air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Årmålsryggen (the year's goal ridge).

German Antarctic Expedition (1938–1939)
The German Antarctic Expedition of 1938–1939 was led by Kriegsmarine captain Alfred Ritscher (1879–1963) and was the third official Antarctic expedition of the German Reich, by order of the "Commissioner for the Four Year Plan" Hermann Göring. Prussian State Councilor Helmuth Wohlthat was mandated with planning and preparation.

The expedition's main objective was of economic nature, in particular the establishment of a whaling station and the acquisition of fishing grounds for a German whaling fleet in order to reduce the Reich's dependence on the import of industrial oils, fats and dietary fats. Preparations took place under strict secrecy as the enterprise was also tasked to make a feasibility assessment for a future occupation of Antarctic territory in the region between 20 ° West and 20 ° East.