hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Keith Johnson (applied linguist)
Keith Johnson (born 1944) is a British linguist. He is currently an emeritus professor at the Department of Linguistics and English Language of Lancaster University, United Kingdom. His research focuses on applied linguistics with a special focus on second language acquisition and language teaching.

Applied linguistics
Applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary field which identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems. Some of the academic fields related to applied linguistics are education, psychology, communication research, information science, natural language processing, anthropology, and sociology. Applied linguistics is a practical use of language.
Wickramarachchi
Wickramarachchi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

G. P. Wickramarachchi (1889–1975) , Sri Lankan Ayurvedic practitioners

Rajitha Wickramarachchi (born 1987), Sri Lankan cricketer

M Y Wickramarachchi:  Sri Lankan-origin Australian based entrepreneur

Rajitha Wickramarachchi
Rajitha Wickramarachchi (born 21 December 1987) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Saracens Sports Club in the 2008–09 Premier Trophy on 14 November 2008. He made his Twenty20 debut on 12 January 2020, for Kandy Customs Cricket Club in the 2019–20 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.
Agios Konstantinos, Phthiotis
Agios Konstantinos (Greek: Άγιος Κωνσταντίνος) is a town and former municipality in Phthiotida (Phthiotis), Greece. After the 2011 administrative division reforms it became part of the municipality of Kamena Vourla and it is now ranked as a municipal unit, with an area of 72.292 km2. Its population was 2,952 in 2021.

The town has a harbor with a regular ferry-boat connection to the islands of Skiathos, Skopelos and Alonnisos. These islands are part of the Northern Sporades archipelago.

Sporades
The (Northern) Sporades are an archipelago along the east coast of Greece, northeast of the island of Euboea, in the Aegean Sea. They consist of 24 islands, four of which are permanently inhabited: Alonnisos, Skiathos, Skopelos and Skyros. They may also be referred to as the Thessalian Sporades (Θεσσαλικές Σποράδες).
Capeserod
Capeserod (INN; development code SL65.0155) is a selective 5-HT4 receptor partial agonist with Ki = 0.6 nM and IA = 40–50% (relative to serotonin). It potently enhances cognition, learning, and memory, and also possesses antidepressant effects. Capeserod was in phase II clinical trials around 2004–2006 for the treatment of memory deficits and dementia but no new information has surfaced since and it appears to have been abandoned.

Intrinsic activity
Intrinsic activity (IA) and maximal efficacy (Emax) refer to the relative ability of a drug-receptor complex to produce a maximum functional response. This must be distinguished from the affinity, which is a measure of the ability of the drug to bind to its molecular target, and the EC50, which is a measure of the potency of the drug and which is proportional to both efficacy and affinity. This use of the word "efficacy" was introduced by Stephenson (1956) to describe the way in which agonists vary in the response they produce, even when they occupy the same number of receptors. High efficacy agonists can produce the maximal response of the receptor system while occupying a relatively low proportion of the receptors in that system. There is a distinction between efficacy and intrinsic activity.
Kuknur
Kuknoor (also known as Kuknur, Kukkanur or Kukanoor) is a town in Kukanoor taluk in the Koppal District of the Indian state of Karnataka, which is located about 40 km northwest of Hospet and 7 km from the Mahadeva Temple in Itagi. Kuknoor is known for the temples of the Rashtrakutas and Chalukyas in the town, with the most notable being the Navalinga Temple.

Hubli
Hubli, officially Hubballi, is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka. The twin cities Hubli–Dharwad form the second largest municipality and urban agglomeration of Karnataka in terms of area and population and the largest city in North Karnataka. Hubli is in Dharwad district of Karnataka and is the taluk headquarters of Hubli City and Hubli Rural. Although it hosts the Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation, the district headquarters is in Dharwad.

It also houses the largest number of government offices outside the state capital. In 2016, Hubli-Dharwad was selected for solar city / green city master plans. In 2017, government of India included Hubli-Dharwad city for a smart city project, a flagship scheme for overall development of infrastructure in the twin-cities.
Sean Collier Memorial
The Sean Collier Memorial is a large abstract environmental sculpture located on the campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It was designed by MIT faculty and students in memory of Sean Collier, a member of MIT Campus Police, who had been killed at the site by the Boston Marathon bombers on April 18, 2013. The project was proposed, designed, funded, fabricated, and installed in less than two years, and formally dedicated on April 29, 2015.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Police Department
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Police Department (MIT Police, formerly MIT Campus Patrol) is the police agency charged with providing law enforcement to the campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.  The 168-acre (68.0 ha) campus extends over 1 mile (1.6 km) along the northern bank of the Charles River basin. The MIT Police is a special state police agency authorized by Massachusetts General Law.
Nyctibatrachus petraeus
Nyctibatrachus petraeus is a species of frog in the family Nyctibatrachidae endemic to the Western Ghats, India.  
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Nyctibatrachidae
Nyctibatrachidae is a small family of frogs found in the Western Ghats of India and in Sri Lanka. Their common name is robust frogs. Recognition of Nyctibatrachidae as a family is fairly recent. These frogs were previously placed in the broadly defined family Ranidae, which was more recently divided into three subfamilies: Lankanectinae, Nyctibatrachinae, and Astrobatrachinae.
Forum Horsens
Forum Horsens is an indoor sports arena and music venue in Horsens, Denmark. It seats 4,000 spectators for sports events, and for concerts there can be 4,500 sitting or 5,000 standing. It is adjacent to the larger Forum Horsens Arena stadium. The venue has been used to host Dansk Melodi Grand Prix several times, including in 2005, 2007, 2008, and 2016.

Spectator sport
A spectator sport is a sport that is characterized by the presence of spectators, or watchers, at its competitions. Spectator sports may be professional sports or amateur sports. They often are distinguished from participant sports, which are more recreational.
2023 Milano–Torino
The 2023 Milano–Torino was the 104th edition of the Milano–Torino cycling classic. It was held on 15 March 2023 as a category 1.Pro race on the 2023 UCI ProSeries calendar.

The race began in Rho, on the outskirts of Milan, and finished in Orbassano, on the outskirts of Turin

Orbassano
Orbassano (Italian: [orbasˈsaːno]; Piedmontese: Orbassan [ʊrbaˈsɑŋ]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 13 kilometres (8 miles) southwest of Turin.

Orbassano borders the following municipalities: Turin, Rivoli, Rivalta di Torino, Beinasco, Nichelino, Volvera, Candiolo, None.
Zeylanechinorhynchus
Zeylanechinorhynchus is a monotypic genus of acanthocephalans (thorny-headed or spiny-headed parasitic worms) belonging to the family Neoechinorhynchidae. The only species is Zeylanechinorhynchus longinuchalis.

Acanthocephala
Acanthocephala /əˌkænθoʊˈsɛfələ/ (Greek ἄκανθος, akanthos 'thorn' + κεφαλή, kephale 'head') is a group of parasitic worms known as acanthocephalans, thorny-headed worms, or spiny-headed worms, characterized by the presence of an eversible proboscis, armed with spines, which it uses to pierce and hold the gut wall of its host. Acanthocephalans have complex life cycles, involving at least two hosts, which may include invertebrates, fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals. About 1,420 species have been described.

The Acanthocephala were long thought to be a discrete phylum. Recent genome analysis has shown that they are descended from, and should be considered as, highly modified rotifers. This unified taxon is sometimes known as Syndermata, or simply as Rotifera, with the acanthocephalans described as a subclass of a rotifer class Hemirotatoria.
Avian metaavulavirus 2
Avian metaavulavirus 2, formerly Avian paramyxovirus 2, is a species of virus belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae and genus Metaavulavirus. The virus is a negative strand RNA virus containing a monopartite genome. Avian metaavulavirus 2 is one of nine species belonging to the genus Metaavulavirus. The most common serotype of Avulavirinae is serotype 1, the cause of Newcastle disease (ND). Avian metaavulavirus 2 has been known to cause disease, specifically mild respiratory infections in domestic poultry, including turkeys and chickens, and has many economic effects on egg production and poultry industries. The virus was first isolated from a strain in Yucaipa, California in 1956. Since then, other isolates of the virus have been isolated worldwide.

Yucaipa, California
Yucaipa (Serrano: Yukaipa't) is a city located 10 miles (16 km) east of San Bernardino, in San Bernardino County, California, United States. The population was 54,542 at the 2020 census, up from 51,367 at the 2010 census. Yucaipa has the distinction of being the longtime home to a large population of Serrano Native Americans.
Gjergji Kasneci
Gjergji Kasneci is a German computer scientist known for his contributions to the field of Artificial Intelligence, specifically, knowledge base construction, semantic search, and data science. He is a full professor and heads the chair for Responsible Data Science at the Technical University of Munich (TUM), and is a core member of the Munich Data Science Institute. Before his current appointment, Kasneci has held multiple positions in academia and industry, including the role of Chief Technology Officer (CTO) at Schufa Holding AG and an honorary professorship at the University of Tübingen.

Technical University of Munich
The Technical University of Munich (TUM or TU Munich; German: Technische Universität München) is a public research university in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. It specializes in engineering, technology, medicine, and applied and natural sciences.

Established in 1868 by King Ludwig II of Bavaria, the university now has additional campuses in Garching, Freising, Heilbronn, Straubing, Ottobrunn, and Singapore, with the Garching campus being its largest. The university is organized into seven schools, and is supported by numerous research centers. It is one of the largest universities in Germany, with 51,954 students and an annual budget of €2,171.0 million including the university hospital.

A University of Excellence under the German Universities Excellence Initiative, TUM is among the leading universities in the European Union. Its researchers and alumni include 19 Nobel laureates and 26 Leibniz Prize winners.
Korean International School in Shenzhen
The Korea International School of Shenzhen (KIS; Korean: 심천한국국제학교, Chinese: 深圳韩国国际学校) is an international school that opened in 2005. KIS is located near the Nanshan Mountain, within the Shekou Industrial Zone, Nanshan District. KIS is a private international school with 300 students ranging from kindergarten to high school. However, KIS has only one campus, despite the large number of students. This figure has risen over time and continues to rise.

It is one of eight schools in Shenzhen designated for the children of foreign workers as of 2018. The school has an English-language elementary school section, KIS Elementary School in Shenzhen or KISe International Elementary School (KISe).

This school is served by Shenzhen Metro's Huaguoshan station.

Nanshan Mountains
The Nanshan Mountains or Nanshan are a set of mountains in Shenzhen. The largest of them are the 336-meter (1,102 ft) Dananshan (大南山) and the 150-meter (490 ft) Xiaonanshan (小南山). They are located at the southern tip of Nanshan District, itself named after the mountains. With the Nanshan urban core at its north, Qianhai at its west and Shekou at its southeast, it is amongst the only greenery spaces in the southern half of the district. From the top of Dananshan views can reach west to Nei Lingding Island, east to Futian Central Business District and south to Yuen Long, Hong Kong across Shenzhen Bay.
Edgar Krahn
Edgar Krahn (1 October [O.S. 19 September] 1894 – 6 March 1961) was an Estonian mathematician. Krahn was born in Sootaga (now Laiuse, Jõgeva County), Governorate of Livonia, as a member of the Baltic German minority. He died in Rockville, Maryland, United States.

Krahn studied at the University of Tartu and the University of Göttingen. He graduated at Tartu in 1918, received his doctoral degree at Göttingen in 1926, with Richard Courant as his advisor, and his habilitation took place at Tartu in 1928. He is co-author of the Rayleigh–Faber–Krahn inequality.

Krahn worked in Estonia, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States in the following areas of pure and applied mathematics:

Differential geometry

Differential equations

Bausparmathematik, which is distantly related to insurance mathematics

Probability theory

Gas dynamics

Elasticity theory

Applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, social science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models.

In the past, practical applications have motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics.
Payap University
Payap University (Thai: มหาวิทยาลัยพายัพ; RTGS: Mh̄āwithyālạy phāyạph), established in 1974, is a private and non-profit  institution founded by the Foundation of the Church of Christ in Thailand. Payap University is a liberal arts and pre-professional school offering a doctoral degree in peacebuilding, master's degrees in divinity, linguistics, TESOL, law, business administration and music, and bachelor degrees in communication arts, information technology, accountancy, business administration, economics, nursing, law, and Christian theology. Payap University is a founding member of the Association of Private Higher Education Institutions of Thailand and an active member of the Association of Christian Universities and Colleges in Asia, as well as the Association of Southeast Asian Institutions of Higher Learning.

Association of Private Higher Education Institutions of Thailand
Association of Private Higher Education Institutions of Thailand (APHEIT, Thai: สมาคมสถาบันอุดมศึกษาเอกชนแห่งประเทศไทย) established in 1979, is a non-profit association founded by a group of private higher education institutions in Thailand to establish and promote cooperation among private higher education institutions in the country. APHEIT is recognized by Ministry of Education (Thailand) as one of the organizations that plays an important role in Thailand's university administration.
Orchestre National de Jazz
Orchestre National de Jazz is a French orchestra that was created by French Ministry of Culture in 1986.  It has had 12 musical and artistic directors,  more than 200 soloists and recorded 33 albums. Orchestre National de Jazz won the  Victoires du Jazz in 2009 and 2020, and was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2012 for the album Shut Up And Dance composed by John Hollenbeck.

Phil Abraham
Phil Abraham is an American cinematographer and television director. He has received nominations for eight Primetime Emmy Award nominations winning in 2008. He is known for his work on the HBO crime drama series The Sopranos and the AMC period drama series Mad Men.
Kmet
Kmet or Kmeť is a surname. It literally means "peasant", "serf", or "farmer" in several Slavic languages and "village mayor" in Bulgarian and Macedonian. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrej Kmeť (1841–1908), Slovak botanist, ethnographer, archaeologist, and geologist

Cole Kmet (born 1999), American football player

Frank Kmet (born 1970), American football player

Julián Kmet (born 1977), Argentine footballer

Matúš Kmeť (born 2000), Slovak footballer

Stane Kmet (1893–1968), Slovenian cross-country skier

Matúš Kmeť
Matúš Kmeť (born 27 June 2000) is a Slovak professional footballer who plays as a right-back or midfielder for Slovak First Football League club DAC Dunajská Streda, on loan from Minnesota United, and the Slovakia national team.
Lists of massacres in Palestine (region)
The following lists describe massacres that have occurred in Palestine, broadly defined, including but not limited to the State of Palestine:

For massacres that took place in Jerusalem, see List of massacres in Jerusalem

For modern history:

For massacres that took place in the British Mandate for Palestine, see List of killings and massacres in Mandatory Palestine.

For massacres that took place during the 1948 Palestine war, see Killings and massacres during the 1948 Palestine war.

For massacres that have occurred in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip since 1953, see List of massacres in Palestine.

For ancient history:

For massacres that took place in classical Judea, see List of massacres in Roman Judea.

For massacres that took place prior to the British Mandate, see List of massacres in Ottoman Syria.

Killings and massacres during the 1948 Palestine war
During the 1948 Palestine war, massacres and acts of terror were conducted by and against both sides. A campaign of massacres and violence against the Arab population – such as occurred in the expulsions from Lydda and Ramle and the Fall of Haifa – led to the expulsion and flight of over 700,000 Palestinians, with most of their urban areas being depopulated and destroyed. This violence and dispossession of the Palestinians is known today as the Nakba (Arabic for "the disaster").
Holburne Museum
The Holburne Museum (formerly known as the Holburne of Menstrie Museum and the Holburne Museum of Art) is located in Sydney Pleasure Gardens, Bath, Somerset, England. The city's first public art gallery, the Grade I listed building is home to fine and decorative arts built around the collection of Sir William Holburne. Artists in the collection include Gainsborough, Guardi, Stubbs, Ramsay and Zoffany.

The museum also provides a programme of temporary exhibitions, music performances, creative workshops, family events, talks and lectures. There is a bookshop and a café that opens out onto Sydney Gardens. The museum reopened in May 2011 after restoration and an extension designed by Eric Parry Architects, supported by the Heritage Lottery Fund.

Johan Zoffany
Johan / Johann Joseph Zoffany RA (born Johannes Josephus Zaufallij; 13 March 1733 – 11 November 1810) was a German neoclassical painter who was active mainly in England, Italy, and India. His works appear in many prominent British collections, including the National Gallery, the Tate Gallery and the Royal Collection, as well as institutions in continental Europe, India, the United States and Australia. His name is sometimes spelled Zoffani or Zauffelij (on his grave, it is spelled Zoffanij).
Los Angeles Temptation
The Los Angeles Temptation were a women's American football team in the Legends Football League (LFL) based in Los Angeles and Ontario, California. The team was established as Team Dream, one of two teams that participated in the inaugural Lingerie Bowl broadcast during Super Bowl XXXVIII in 2004. The team won the first two Lingerie Bowls, and went on to win three more, their final one in 2012. The league, originally known as the Lingerie Football League, rebranded in 2013 and shifted away from Super Bowl halftime shows.

Following the 2019 season, the LFL ceased operations and relaunched as the Extreme Football League (X League), which first played in 2022. All former LFL teams received new brands and the Temptation were replaced by the Los Angeles Black Storm.

Women's gridiron football
Women's gridiron football, more commonly known as women's tackle football, women's American football, women's Canadian football, or simply women's football, is a form of gridiron football (American or Canadian) played by women. Most leagues play by similar rules to the men's game. Women primarily play on a semi-professional or amateur level in the United States. Very few high schools or colleges offer the sport solely for women and girls. However, on occasion, it is permissible for a female player to join the otherwise male team.
Cecil Sturgeon
Cecil Owen "Dick" Sturgeon (June 27, 1919 – February 1972) was an American football offensive tackle. He attended North Dakota State University.

In 1941, he played in the National Football League for the Philadelphia Eagles before joining the Wilmington Clippers for the rest of the year. In addition to playing both offense and defense for the Clippers, he worked at the Pusey & Jones shipyard in Wilmington.

During World War II, Sturgeon joined the United States Army in 1942 and worked in the military police for the 91st Division based at Camp White. He eventually went overseas and served with the United States Fifth Army. In 1945, he participated in the Spaghetti Bowl football game in Italy, where he was the captain of the Fifth Army team.

Wilmington Clippers
The Wilmington Clippers were a professional American football team that played from 1937 to 1942, and from 1946 to 1949. They played in the American Association from 1939 to 1941, later returning for the 1946 to 1949 seasons when the league was known as the American Football League. They were located in Wilmington, Delaware. The Clippers played as an independent team from 1937 to 1938, and in 1942.
Warner Bros. Studios Burbank
Warner Bros. Studios Burbank, formerly known as First National Studio (1926–1929), Warner Bros.-Seven Arts Studios (1967–1970) and The Burbank Studios (1972–1990), is a major filmmaking facility owned and run by Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. in Burbank, California, United States. First National Pictures built the 62-acre (25 ha) studio lot in 1926 as it expanded from a film distributor to film production.

First National Pictures
First National Pictures was an American motion picture production and distribution company. It was founded in 1917 as First National Exhibitors' Circuit, Inc., an association of independent theatre owners in the United States, and became the country's largest theater chain. Expanding from exhibiting movies to distributing them, the company reincorporated in 1919 as Associated First National Theatres, Inc., and Associated First National Pictures, Inc. In 1924 it expanded to become a motion picture production company as First National Pictures, Inc., and became an important studio in the film industry. In September 1928, control of First National passed to Warner Bros., into which it was completely absorbed on November 4, 1929. A number of Warner Bros. films were thereafter branded First National Pictures until July 1936, when First National Pictures, Inc., was dissolved.