hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aimee Parkison
Aimee Parkison is an American writer known for experimental, lyrical, feminist fiction.  She has won the FC2 Catherine Doctorow Innovative Fiction Prize as well as the first annual Starcherone Fiction Prize and has taught creative writing at a number of universities, including Cornell University, the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, and Oklahoma State University.

North American Review
The North American Review (NAR) was the first literary magazine in the United States. It was founded in Boston in 1815 by poet William Tudor with the assistance of journalist Nathan Hale and others. It was published continuously until 1940, after which it was inactive until revived at Cornell College in Iowa under Robert Dana in 1964. Since 1968, the University of Northern Iowa in Cedar Falls has been home to the publication. Nineteenth-century archives are freely available via Cornell University's Making of America.
Toomas Hendrik Ilves
Toomas Hendrik Ilves (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈtoːmɑs ˈhendrik ˈilves]; born 26 December 1953) is an Estonian politician who served as the fourth president of Estonia from 2006 until 2016.

Ilves worked as a diplomat and journalist, and he was the leader of the Social Democratic Party in the 1990s. He served in the government as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1996 to 1998 and again from 1999 to 2002. Later, he was a Member of the European Parliament from 2004 to 2006. He was elected as President of Estonia by an electoral college on 23 September 2006 and his term as President began on 9 October 2006. He was reelected by Parliament in 2011.

On 1 May 2025, Ilves announced that he had "broken with my promise to avoid all party politics" and joined Volt Europa.

Order of the National Coat of Arms
The Order of the National Coat of Arms (Estonian: Riigivapi teenetemärk, French: Ordre du Blason National) was instituted by Konstantin Päts on 7 October 1936, to commemorate 24 February 1918, the day on which Estonian independence was declared. The Order of the National Coat of Arms is bestowed only on Estonian citizens, as the highest decoration for services rendered to the state.
2005 Ugandan multi-party referendum
A referendum on restoring multi-party politics was held in Uganda on 28 July 2005. Political parties had been banned from competing in elections for nearly 20 years in order to curb sectarian tensions. President Yoweri Museveni instituted the non-party "Movement" system of government when he came to power in 1986. A referendum was held in 2000, but the proposal was rejected by over 90% of voters. This time it was approved by over 90% of voters.

Daily Monitor
The Daily Monitor is an independent daily newspaper in Uganda. Launched in 1992 as The Monitor, it established itself as a leading voice critical of the government and is one of the two largest national newspapers, alongside the state-owned New Vision.

The paper is published by Monitor Publications Limited, which is majority-owned by the Nairobi-based Nation Media Group (NMG).
William McDonald (Canadian politician)
William McDonald (October 7, 1837 – July 4, 1916) was a Canadian politician.

Born at the Settlement of River Deny's Road, Inverness, Nova Scotia, the son of Mary McDonald and Allan McDonald, who emigrated from South Uist, Scotland, McDonald was educated at St. Francois Xavier College, Antigonish, Nova Scotia.

A merchant, he was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada for Cape Breton in the 1872 federal election. A Conservative, he was re-elected in 1874, 1878, and 1882. In 1884, he was called to the Senate on the advice of John Alexander Macdonald representing the senatorial division of Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. He served for almost 44 years as a member of parliament and senator until his death in 1916.

The intersection of Main, Union and Commercial streets in downtown Glace Bay is named "Senator's Corner" in his honour.

1878 Canadian federal election
The 1878 Canadian federal election was held on September 17, 1878, to elect members of the House of Commons of the 4th Parliament of Canada. It resulted in the end of Prime Minister Alexander Mackenzie's Liberal government after only one term in office. Canada suffered an economic depression during Mackenzie's term, and his party was punished by voters for it. The Liberals' policy of free trade also hurt their support with the business establishment in Toronto and Montreal.

Sir John A. Macdonald and his Conservative Party were returned to power after having been defeated four years before amidst scandals over the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway.
Ibrahim Sultan Polytechnic
Ibrahim Sultan Polytechnic (PIS; Malay: Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan) is a polytechnic in Pasir Gudang, Johor, Malaysia.

The polytechnic specialises in engineering, communication design and hospitality, and offers 2-year skills certificate, 2-year diploma and 3-year degree programmes. PIS is organised into six departments: Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Visual Design & Communication, Tourism & Hospitality, Science & Computer Science, and General Studies.

Institute of technology
An institute of technology (also referred to as technological/technology university/college, technical university/college, university/college of technology, polytechnic university) is an institution of tertiary education that specializes in engineering, technology, applied science, and natural sciences.
Took the Children Away
"Took the Children Away" is a song written and recorded by Australian singer Archie Roach. The song was released in September 1990 as his debut single. The song was included on Roach's debut studio album Charcoal Lane.

At the ARIA Music Awards of 1991, the song was nominated for Breakthrough Artist – Single.

In 1991, "Took the Children Away" won Roach the Human Rights Achievement Award, the first time that the award had been bestowed on a songwriter.

In 2013, the song was added to the Sounds of Australia registry in the National Film and Sound Archive.

Sounds of Australia
The Sounds of Australia, formerly the National Registry of Recorded Sound, is the National Film & Sound Archive's selection of sound recordings deemed culturally, historically, and aesthetically significant and relevant for Australia. It was founded in 2007.
Wilmer Cleveland Wells
Wilmer Cleveland Wells (4 November 1839 – October 19, 1933) was a Canadian rancher, lumberman and political figure in British Columbia. He represented East Kootenay North from 1899 to 1903 and Columbia from 1903 to 1907 as a Liberal in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia.

After being an unsuccessful candidate in the 1898 provincial election, Wells was first elected to the assembly in an 1899 by-election held following the death of William George Nielson. He was named to the provincial cabinet in 1900 as Commissioner of Lands and Works but was dropped from cabinet in 1903 because it was alleged by the opposition that he was an agent of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Wells was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1907. In 1907, he bought the Hume Hotel in Nelson from John Frederick Hume. Wells died in Vancouver at the age of 93.

The settlement of Wilmer was named after him.

Nelson, British Columbia
Nelson is a city in British Columbia, Canada. The city contains heritage buildings constructed during the regional silver rush of 1886. Along with Castlegar and Trail, Nelson is one of the three cities forming the commercial and population core of the West Kootenay region. The city is the seat of the Regional District of Central Kootenay. It is represented in the provincial legislature by the riding of Nelson-Creston, and in the Parliament of Canada by the riding of Columbia-Kootenay-Southern Rockies.
Methazolamide
Methazolamide (trade name Neptazane) is a potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It is indicated in the treatment of increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in chronic open-angle glaucoma and secondary glaucoma. Also it is used preoperatively in acute angle-closure (narrow-angle) glaucoma where lowering the IOP is desired before surgery.

This drug has displayed teratogenic effects in rats. Compared to another drug in the same class, acetazolamide, methazolamide requires a lower dose when administered to patients.

Recently, research has also uncovered a potential new role for this drug, addressing tau toxicity, a theorized cause for diseases such as Alzheimer’s.

Secondary glaucoma
Secondary glaucoma is a collection of progressive optic nerve disorders associated with a rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) which results in the loss of vision. In clinical settings, it is defined as the occurrence of IOP above 21 mmHg requiring the prescription of IOP-managing drugs. It can be broadly divided into two subtypes: secondary open-angle glaucoma and secondary angle-closure glaucoma, depending on the closure of the angle between the cornea and the iris. Principal causes of secondary glaucoma include optic nerve trauma or damage, eye disease, surgery, neovascularization, tumours and use of steroid and sulfa drugs. Risk factors for secondary glaucoma include uveitis, cataract surgery and also intraocular tumours. Common treatments are designed according to the type (open-angle or angle-closure) and the underlying causative condition, in addition to the consequent rise in IOP. These include drug therapy, the use of miotics, surgery or laser therapy.
Verkh-Karaguzh
Verkh-Karaguzh (Russian: Верх-Карагуж; Altay: Ӱстӱги Кара-Куш, Üstügi Kara-Kuş) is a rural locality (a selo) in Mayminskoye Rural Settlement of Mayminsky District, the Altai Republic, Russia. The population was 481 as of 2016. There are 5 streets.

Altai languages
Altai or Altay (Altay: Алтай тил, romanized: Altay til, IPA: [ɐɫtʰɐ́ɪ̯ tʰɪ̆l]) is a set of Turkic languages spoken officially in the Altai Republic, Russia. The standard vocabulary is based on the Southern Altai language, though it is also taught to and used by speakers of the Northern Altai language as well. Gorno–Altai refers to a subgroup of languages in the Altai Mountains. The languages were called Oyrot (ойрот) prior to 1948.

Altai is spoken primarily in the Altai Republic. A small community of speakers lives in the neighbouring Altai Krai as well.
1999 Washington NATO summit
The 1999 Washington summit was the 16th NATO summit, a three-day meeting held in Washington, D.C., on April 23–25, 1999.

Held at the height of the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, the summit commemorated the 50th anniversary of NATO and reiterated the "determination to put an end to the repressive actions" by Serbian President Milošević against the local ethnic Albanian population in Kosovo. It was also the first summit in which three new NATO members (the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland) participated.

The Membership Action Plan (MAP), an important part of NATO's Open Door Policy, was adopted, and a revised version of the Strategic Concept was made public. The European Security and Defence Identity within NATO was also enhanced; the Defence Capabilities Initiative and the Weapons of Mass Destruction Initiative were launched. The Partnership for Peace, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, and the Mediterranean Dialogue were strengthened.

Mediterranean Dialogue
The Mediterranean Dialogue, first launched in 1994, is a forum of cooperation between NATO five countries of the Mediterranean, Jordan and Mauritania. Its stated aim is "to create good relations and better mutual understanding and confidence throughout the region, promoting regional security and stability and explaining NATO's policies and goals."

The Dialogue reflects NATO's view that security in Europe is tied to the security and stability in the Mediterranean. It also reinforces and complements the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe's Mediterranean Initiative.
Stukas Over Disneyland
Stukas Over Disneyland is the third studio album by punk rock band The Dickies, released in 1983.

The album includes covers of The Quick's "Pretty Please Me" and Led Zeppelin's "Communication Breakdown." The cover art illustrates the album's title by showing a Stuka dive bomber over the head of Mickey Mouse.

Communication Breakdown
"Communication Breakdown" is a song by the English rock band Led Zeppelin, from their 1969 self-titled debut album.  It was also used as the B-side of the group's first single in the US, "Good Times Bad Times". A promotional video was released, with the group miming to the recording, which is included on the Led Zeppelin DVD (2003).
2023 Indian Ocean Island Games
The 2023 Indian Ocean Island Games was the 11th edition of this multi-sport event for athletes representing the National Olympic Committees of Indian Ocean island nations, in Madagascar. The total cost of the organization was 34 billion ariary. The original hosts were the Maldives, but they withdrew from hosting in January 2021 and were replaced by Madagascar.

Multi-sport event
A multi-sport event is an organized sporting event, often held over multiple days, featuring competition in many different sports among organized teams of athletes from (mostly) nation-states. The first major, modern, multi-sport event of international significance was the Olympic Games, first held in modern times in 1896 in Athens, Greece, and inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, one of a number of such events held in antiquity. Most modern multi-sport events have the same basic structure. Games are held over the 
course of several days in and around a "host city", which changes for each competition. Countries send national teams to each competition, consisting of individual athletes and teams that compete in a wide variety of sports.  Athletes or teams are awarded gold, silver or bronze medals for first, second and third place respectively. Each game is generally held every four years, though some are annual competitions.
Reelside
Reelside is a 2015 Canadian documentary television series about the creative process of Canadian filmmakers that premiered on The Movie Network on June 4, 2015.

Reelside's first season features Sarah Gadon, Caitlin Cronenberg, George A. Romero, Seth Rogen, Evan Goldberg, Matthew Bass, Vincenzo Natali, Michael Hogan, Graeme Manson, Don McKellar, Bruce McDonald, Matthew Hannam, Stephen Amell, David Hayter, and Lloyd Kaufman. Reelside is produced by Fifth Ground Entertainment.

Reelside marks the directorial debut of actress/model Sarah Gadon with her episode featuring her own creative relationship with photographer and frequent collaborator, Caitlin Cronenberg.

David Hayter
David Hayter is a Canadian-American actor, screenwriter, director, and producer. He is well known as the English-language voice actor for Solid Snake and Naked Snake in the Metal Gear video game series. He wrote the superhero film X-Men (2000), for which he won the Saturn Award for Best Writing. He also co-wrote The Scorpion King (2002), X-Men's first sequel, X2 (2003), and Watchmen (2009), and was a writer and producer on the streaming television series Warrior Nun.

His other roles include Sean Barker/The Guyver in Guyver: Dark Hero (1994), and King Shark on The Flash (2016-19), and voiceover work in various video games. In 2014, he made his directorial debut with the action horror film Wolves.
Walter H. Johns
Walter Hugh Johns, OC AOE (November 10, 1908 – June 7, 1985) was a Canadian academic and academic administrator.

Born near Exeter, Ontario, Johns earned a Bachelor of Arts in Classics from the University of Western Ontario in 1930 and a Ph.D. in Classics and Ancient History from Cornell University in 1934.

In 1938, Johns started teaching at the University of Alberta as a lecturer in Classics. Previously he taught at Victoria College, Cornell University and Waterloo College. From 1952 to 1957, he was Dean of Arts and Sciences. From 1957 to 1959, he was Vice-President (Academic) . He was President of the University of Alberta from 1959 to 1969.

He was the author of A History of the University of Alberta, 1908-1969.

In 1978, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada "in recognition of his contribution to education, particularly at the University of Alberta". He was appointed a member of the Alberta Order of Excellence in 1982.

Exeter, Ontario
Exeter is a community in the municipality of South Huron, in the southern portion of Huron County, Ontario, Canada, located approximately 40 kilometres north of London. The community proclaims itself the "Home of the White Squirrel", owing to the presence of the unusually-coloured mammals. Exeter's mascot, "Willis The White Wonder", can be seen at many community events throughout the year, including Canada Day celebrations, the Exeter Rodeo, and the Santa Claus Parade.
Peter Mueller (Canadian football)
Peter Mueller or Muller is a former professional Canadian football player. He played as a tight end for the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League from 1973 to 1981.

One of the great Argo tight ends, he played 9 years and 126 regular season games (and two playoff games!)  He led the team in receiving in 1974, '77 and '78. Muller was also an innovator as he was one of the first openly Christian athletes. After his football days he was Vice-Principal at Queensway Christian College in Mississauga, and used to work in Calgary, Alberta as the Principal at Master's College, an innovative Christian school focussing on educating kids to be meaningful members of today's culture.

In 1978, he won the Tom Pate Memorial Award for outstanding sportsmanship and dedication to his community.

Tom Pate Memorial Award
Tom Pate Memorial Award, selected annually by the Canadian Football League Players' Association, is awarded to a player with outstanding sportsmanship and someone who has made a significant contribution to his team, his community and Association. The award winner must display these qualities such that it distinguishes him from his peers.

The award is named in the memory of deceased CFL player Tom Pate. A 23-year-old rookie with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats, on October 11, 1975, he was critically injured in a game against the Calgary Stampeders. He never regained consciousness and died three days later.

The award is also known as the CFLPA's Tom Pate Outstanding Community Service Award.
We Come 1
"We Come 1" is a song by British electronic band Faithless from their third studio album, Outrospective (2001). The song was issued as the album's lead single on 4 June 2001, two weeks before Outrospective was released. The remixes by Wookie and Dave Clarke that appear on the single releases are included on the bonus disc of the album Reperspective: The Remixes.

"We Come 1" reached number three in the United Kingdom, making it the joint-highest-charting Faithless song on the UK Singles Chart along with the 1996 re-release of "Insomnia". The single also reached the top three in Denmark, Greece, Hungary, the Netherlands, Norway, and Romania. A music video directed by Dom and Nic was created for the track. The song re-charted at number 70 on the UK Singles Downloads Chart after the death of Maxi Jazz in December 2022.

UK Singles Downloads Chart
The UK Singles Downloads Chart is compiled by the Official Charts Company (OCC) on behalf of the music industry. Since July 2015, the chart week runs from Friday to Thursday, with the chart date given as the following Thursday.

The main chart contains the Top 200 downloads (which are published in UKChartsPlus), with the top 100 published on the OCC website. The chart only uses sales of permanent digital downloads, that is single-download tracks on non-subscription online music stores. Some downloading services offer a monthly fee plan where generally an unlimited number of tracks can be downloaded within a month for a certain price. Tracks downloaded in those instances do not qualify.

An album equivalent, the UK Album Downloads Chart, was launched in April 2006.
Phar-Mor
Phar-Mor (stylized as PHA℞-MOR) was a United States chain of discount drug stores, based in Youngstown, Ohio, and founded by Michael "Mickey" Monus and  David Shapira in 1982. Some of its stores used the names Pharmhouse and Rx Place (purchased in the mid-1990s from the F.W. Woolworth Company). Low prices were advertised to bring in a large volume of sales with the slogans "Phar-Mor power buying gives you Phar-Mor buying power" and "Phar-Mor For Less." Another common slogan in their TV commercials was "Power buying saves: Save at Phar-Mor."

In 1996, the Green Bay, Wisconsin-based regional discount store chain Shopko announced a plan to merge with Phar-Mor, but withdrew from the plan a year later, citing irreconcilable differences.

Discount store
Discount stores are retail establishments that sell products at prices lower than the standard or recommended retail price. Discounters rely on bulk purchasing and efficient distribution to keep down costs. They include hypermarkets, "category killer" big box stores, warehouse club stores, discount grocery stores, dollar stores and variety stores.
Pigcam
The Wild Pig Cam or Pigcam (Estonian: notsukaamera), officially Forest Webcam (Estonian: Metsakaamera), also known as Pig TV (Estonian: Sea-TV) was a joint project of looduskalender.ee (:et) and EENet involving a publicly accessible webcam placed near a wild game feeding area in a forest near Tartu, Estonia. In 2008–2009, the project was started on 11 December 2008 and made public on 23 January 2009. The camera's common name comes from a pack of wild pigs being the feeding area's most regular visitors; however, other species such as moose and raccoon dog were also seen multiple times.

The Pigcam and the related Owlcam are two of the most famous such public wildlife webcams in Estonia.  By completion, both had attracted millions of visitors from more than hundred countries.

Nyctereutes
Nyctereutes (Ancient Greek: νύξ, νυκτ- [nýx, nykt-] 'night' + ἐρέυτης [eréutēs] 'wanderer') is a genus of Asian canid with two extant species, the raccoon dogs: the common raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and the Japanese raccoon dog (Nyctereutes viverrinus). Nyctereutes entered the fossil record 5.5 million years ago (Mya) in northern China. It was one of the earliest canines in the Old World. All but two species became extinct before the end of the Pleistocene. A study suggests that the evolution of Nyctereutes was influenced by environmental and climatic changes, such as the expansion and contraction of forests and the fluctuations of temperature and precipitation.
PEDOT:PSS
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is a composite material where PEDOT (the conductive polymer) provides electrical conductivity, and PSS (polystyrene sulfonate) acts as a counter-ion to balance the charge and improve the water solubility and processability of PEDOT. Polystyrene sulfonate is a sulfonated polystyrene. Part of the sulfonyl groups are deprotonated and carry a negative charge. The other component poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is a conjugated polymer and carries positive charges and is based on polythiophene. Together the charged macromolecules form a macromolecular salt.

Sulfonyl group
In organosulfur chemistry, a sulfonyl group is either a functional group found primarily in sulfones, or a substituent obtained from a sulfonic acid by the removal of the hydroxyl group, similarly to acyl groups.: 1470–1476