hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ethiopian–Adal War
The Ethiopian–Adal War, also known as the Abyssinian–Adal War and Futūḥ Al-Ḥabaša (Arabic: فتوح الحبش, lit. 'Conquest of Abyssinia'), was a war fought between the Christian Ethiopian Empire and the Muslim Adal Sultanate from 1529 to 1543. The Christian Ethiopian troops consisted of the Amhara, Tigrayans, Tigrinya and Agaw people, and at the closing of the war, supported by the Portuguese Empire with no less than four hundred musketeers. The Adal forces were composed of Harla/Harari, Somali, Afar as well as Arab and Turkish gunmen. Both sides would see the Maya mercenaries at times join their ranks.: 188  The conflict was followed shortly by the 16th century Ottoman–Ethiopian War.

Afar people
The Afar (Afar: Qafár), also known as the Danakil, Adali and Odali, are a Cushitic ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa. They primarily live in the Afar Region of Ethiopia and in northern Djibouti, as well as the entire southern coast of Eritrea. The Afar speak the Afar language, which is part of the East Cushitic branch of the Afroasiatic family. Afars are the only inhabitants of the Horn of Africa whose traditional territories border both the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden.
Frederick Eberstadt
Frederick Eberstadt (July 24, 1926 – July 29, 2023) was an American fashion photographer and psychotherapist. He was the father of political economist Nicholas Eberstadt and novelist Fernanda Eberstadt.

Eberstadt was born in Huntington, New York on July 24, 1926. He first worked for Eberstadt & Company, his father’s firm. He then worked in television, and then became the assistant to Richard Avedon. He photographed the 1960s bohemian scene and wrote for Women’s Wear Daily. "[A]fter surviving a crippling major depressive disorder, [he] decided to leave behind a decades-long career as a fashion photographer and photojournalist to become a psychotherapist". He died on July 29, 2023, at the age of 97.

Nicholas Eberstadt
Nicholas Nash Eberstadt (born 1955) is an American political economist. He holds the Henry Wendt Chair in Political Economy at the American Enterprise Institute (AEI), a political think tank. He is also a Senior Adviser to the National Bureau of Asian Research (NBR), a member of the visiting committee at the Harvard School of Public Health, and a member of the Global Leadership Council at the World Economic Forum.
Hugh Kindersley, 2nd Baron Kindersley
Brigadier Hugh Kenyon Molesworth Kindersley, 2nd Baron Kindersley of West Hoathly CBE MC (7 May 1899 – 6 October 1976) was a British Army officer, businessman, banker. His father was businessman Robert Kindersley, 1st Baron Kindersley GBE.

Brigadier (United Kingdom)
Brigadier (Brig) is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines. Brigadier is the superior rank to colonel and subordinate to major-general. It corresponds to the rank of brigadier general in many other nations, although it is not considered to be a general officer rank in the United Kingdom.

The rank has a NATO rank code of OF-6, placing it equivalent to the Royal Navy commodore and the Royal Air Force air commodore ranks and the brigadier general (1-star general) rank of the United States military and numerous other NATO nations.
1884 United States presidential election in Iowa
The 1884 United States presidential election in Iowa took place on November 4, 1884. All contemporary 38 states were part of the 1884 United States presidential election. State voters chose 13 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.

Iowa was won by Secretary of State James G. Blaine (R-Maine), running with Senator John A. Logan, with 52.25% of the vote, against Grover Cleveland, the 28th governor of New York, (D–New York), running with the former governor of Indiana Thomas A. Hendricks, with 47.01% of the popular vote.

The Prohibition party chose the 8th Governor of Kansas, John St. John and Maryland State Representative William Daniel, received 0.40% of the popular vote.

John St. John (American politician)
John Pierce St. John (February 25, 1833 – August 31, 1916) was an American politician who served as the eighth governor of Kansas. A Republican, St. John was a staunch supporter of Prohibition and later served as the Prohibition presidential nominee in 1884. Under his tenure as governor Kansas became the third state to enact a statewide prohibition of alcohol which would last until 1948 and remain in some form until 1987. After leaving elected office he maintained his position in the Prohibition party and remained active in the party's presidential politics and was a major figure in the party schism during the 1896 presidential election.
Healthcare engineering
In its succinct definition, healthcare engineering is "engineering involved in all aspects of healthcare". The term engineering in this definition covers all engineering disciplines such as biomedical, chemical, civil, computer, electrical, environmental, hospital architecture, industrial, information, materials, mechanical, software, and systems engineering.

Based on the definition of healthcare, a more elaborated definition is: "Healthcare engineering is engineering involved in all aspects of the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of illness, as well as the preservation and improvement of physical and mental health and well-being, through the services offered to humans by the medical and allied health professions".

Diagnosis
Diagnosis (pl.: diagnoses) is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon. Diagnosis is used in a lot of different disciplines, with variations in the use of logic, analytics, and experience, to determine "cause and effect". In systems engineering and computer science, it is typically used to determine the causes of symptoms, mitigations, and solutions.
Artix Linux
Artix Linux (or simply Artix /ɑːrtɪks/) is a rolling-release Linux distribution based on Arch Linux that avoids using systemd, instead allowing users to choose between OpenRC, runit, s6, and dinit.

Artix Linux has its own repositories, and it is not recommended by developers to use Arch packages due to differences such as naming conventions and contrasting init systems.

Arch AURs, a user created respository of Arch programs, are commonly used by Artix users and developers, although not officially supported.  This greatly expands the available software for Artix.

Arch OpenRC and Manjaro OpenRC were started in 2012. In 2017, these projects were merged and Artix Linux was created.

DistroWatch
DistroWatch is a website that provides news, distribution pages hit rankings, and other general information about various Linux distributions as well as other free software/open source Unix-like operating systems. It now contains information on several hundred distributions  and a few hundred distributions labeled as active.
Saubusse
Saubusse (French pronunciation: [sobys]; Occitan: Saubuça) is a commune in the Landes department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

The church of Saubusse was built in the 13th Century under the reign of Louis IX of France commonly known as Saint Louis.

Landes (department)
Landes (French pronunciation: [lɑ̃d] ⓘ; Gascon and Occitan: Lanas [ˈlanəs]; Basque: Landak) is a department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, Southwestern France, with a long coastline on the Atlantic Ocean to the west. It also borders Gers to the east, Pyrénées-Atlantiques to the south, Lot-et-Garonne to the north-east, and Gironde to the north. Located on the Atlantic coast, it had a population of 413,690 as of 2019. Its prefecture is Mont-de-Marsan.

The department is the second-largest department in France and it covers the Forest of Landes. The southwestern part of the department is part of the wider conurbation of Biarritz and Bayonne across the Pyrénées-Atlantique border.
Apostol Paviel
Apostol Paviel was a passenger-cargo, sidewheel steamer built for a Russian shipping company. During World War I, it was requisitioned by the Imperial Russian Navy and converted into a minesweeper. In 1918, it was handed over to the Red Finns by the Bolsheviks, captured by the Whites, and sold to Estonia. In the Estonian Navy, it was renamed Ristna. Along with other Estonian vessels, it was taken over by the Soviet Union in 1940. The ship survived World War II and appeared in Soviet films. It was scrapped in 1958.

Kuivastu
Kuivastu is a village on the eastern coast of the Estonian island of Muhu. Kuivastu Harbour is the primary gateway to the largest Estonian island, Saaremaa (Muhu and Saaremaa are separate islands, but since 1896 they have been connected by the Strait Causeway (Estonian: Väinatamm). The corresponding harbour on the continental side is in Virtsu. Kuivastu administratively belongs to Muhu Parish of Saare County. In 2000, the village had a population of 73.

Kuivastu was the location of Kuivastu Manor (Kuiwast).

The poet, translator, linguist, and folklorist Villem Grünthal-Ridala (1885–1942) was born at Kuivastu tavern.
Warraich
Warraich is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Suhail Warraich (born 1961), Pakistani journalist, television host, analyst and media personality

Moin Nawaz Warraich (born 1949), Pakistani politician and retired military officer

Farrukh Shahbaz Warraich (born 1980), Pakistani journalist, Urdu columnist and political analyst

Imtiaz Safdar Warraich (born 1952), Pakistani politician

Muhammad Abdullah Warraich, Pakistani politician

Bilal Asghar Warraich, Pakistani politician

Javed Iqbal Warraich, Pakistani politician

Gul Nawaz Warraich, Pakistani politician

Aman Ullah Warraich, Pakistani politician

Chaudhry Arshad Javaid Warraich, Pakistani politician

Chaudhry Muhammad Ashraf Warraich, Pakistani politician

Zawar Hussain Warraich, Pakistani politician

Tashakul Abbas Warraich, Pakistani politician

Ali Warraich, Pakistani kabaddi player

Arsalan Ahmad Warraich, Social & Community worker

Shaweez Akhtar Warrauch,Pakistani (Hassan Muhammad k)

Chaudhry Arshad Javaid Warraich
Chaudhry Arshad Javaid Warraich (Urdu: چودھری ارشد جاوید وڑائچ; 13 December 1956 – 6 April 2025) was a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab from August 2018 till January 2023. Previously he had been a member of the Punjab Assembly from May 2013 to May 2018 and again from February 2024 to April 2025.
Amphizoa
Amphizoa is a genus of aquatic beetles in the suborder Adephaga, placed in its own monogeneric family, Amphizoidae.  There are five known species of Amphizoa, three in western North America and two in the eastern Palearctic. They are sometimes referred to by the common name troutstream beetles.

Adephaga
The Adephaga (from Greek ἀδηφάγος, adephagos, "gluttonous") are a suborder of beetles, and with more than 40,000 recorded species in 10 families, the second-largest of the four beetle suborders. Members of this suborder are collectively known as adephagans. The largest family is Carabidae (ground beetles) which comprises most of the suborder with over 40,000 species. Adephaga also includes a variety of aquatic beetles, such as predaceous diving beetles and whirligig beetles.
Yeste, Las Peñas de Riglos
Yeste is a hamlet located within municipality of Las Peñas de Riglos, Aragon, Spain, 44 km far from the capital, Huesca. In 2006 it had a population of only 2, being completely unpopulated during the 20th century.

In 1845 it had its own Capital Hall and prison and a population of 117. That same year it joined Santa María de la Peña, a slightly larger village located, together with Triste, thus becoming the three of them under the same administrative area.

42°23′N 0°42′W﻿ / ﻿42.383°N 0.700°W﻿ / 42.383; -0.700

Las Peñas de Riglos
Las Peñas de Riglos (Aragonese As Penyas de Riglos) is a municipality located in the Hoya de Huesca comarca, province of Huesca, in Aragon, Spain. It is formed by the merger of several towns and whose capital city is Riglos. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 282 inhabitants.
DXRR (Davao City)
DXRR (101.1 FM), broadcasting as MOR 101.1, was a radio station owned and operated by ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation. The station's studios and transmitter were located at the ABS-CBN Broadcast Center, Shrine Hills, Matina, Davao City, a part of Mindanao in the Philippines.

Studio
A studio is a space set aside for creative work of any kind, including art, dance, music and theater.

The word studio is derived from the Italian: studio, from Latin: studium, from studere, meaning to study or zeal.
Velneshwar
Velneshwar is a village on the western coast of Maharashtra, India, about 70 kilometres (43 mi) from Ratnagiri.

Velneshwar is known for its rock-free beach. There is an old Shiva temple near Velneshwar which is frequently visited by pilgrims. The village follows the Smarta tradition and the people of the village worship Lord Ganesha, Shiva, Vishnu, Surya and Durga.

This village is considered to be the root of the Gokhale, Raste (Gokhale), Gadgil, Govande, Savarkar, Tulpule, Velankar and Ghag families, now residing in Nayashi, Dahivali and some other villages in Ratnagiri district, and has their family shrine.

Ratnagiri
Ratnagiri (IAST:Ratnāgirī ; [ɾət̪n̪aːɡiɾiː]) is a port city on the Arabian Sea coast in Ratnagiri District in southwestern Maharashtra, India. The district is part of the Konkan division of Maharashtra. The city is known for the Hapus or Alphonso mangoes and is colloquially referred to as the Mango City. Ratnagiri is the birthplace of Indian independence activist Lokmanya Tilak. Thibaw, the last king of Burma, alongside his consort Supayalat and two infant daughters were exiled to a two-storied brick mansion in Ratnagiri. The building is now known as Thibaw Palace.
Robert Bruss
Robert Jacques Bruss (May 2, 1940, Minneapolis, Minnesota – September 26, 2007, Hillsborough, California) was a real estate attorney and syndicated columnist known as "the Dear Abby of real estate".

He was a 1962 business administration graduate of Northwestern University and a 1967 graduate of the University of California's Hastings College of the Law.

Bruss died of complications from colon cancer, aged 67. He never married and left no immediate descendants.

Dear Abby
Dear Abby is an American advice column founded in 1956 by Pauline Phillips under the pen name "Abigail Van Buren" and carried on today by her daughter, Jeanne Phillips, who now owns the legal rights to the pen name.
Jae-hyuk
Jae-hyuk is a Korean given name.

People with this name include:

Park Jae-hyuk (born 1963), South Korean alpine skier

Lee Jae-hyuk (born 1969), South Korean retired amateur boxer

James Kyson (born Lee Jae-hyuk, 1975), South Korean-born American actor

Sa Jae-hyouk (born 1985), South Korean weightlifter

Jaehyuck Choi (born 1994), South Korean-born American composer

Im Jae-hyuk (born 1994), South Korean actor

Lim Jae-hyeok (born 1999), South Korean football player

Fictional characters with this name include:

Kang Jae-hyuk, in 2007 South Korean film The Perfect Couple

Yu Jae-hyuk, in 2009 South Korean film Five Senses of Eros

Jae-hyuk, in 2012 South Korean film Deranged

Choi Jae-hyuk, in 2012 South Korean television series Tasty Life

Jung Jae-hyuk, in 2012 South Korean television series Fashion King

Lee Jae-hyeok, in 2012 South Korean film Wonderful Radio

Seo Jae-hyuk, in 2014 South Korean drama Remember

Im Jae-hyuk
Im Jae-hyuk (born 6 May 1994), also spelt Lim Jae-hyeok, is a South Korean part-time actor signed under Santa Claus Entertainment. He became well known for his portrayal of Yang Dae-su in South Korean Netflix series All of Us Are Dead.
Martial Henri Merlin
Martial Henri Merlin (20 January 1860 – 8 May 1935; also Martial Merlin) was a French colonial administrator of the 19th and 20th centuries. He served as the governor-general of Guadeloupe (1901–1903), French West Africa (1907–1908 and 1919—1923), French Equatorial Africa (1908–1917), French Madagascar (1917–1918), and French Indochina (1923–1925).

French Equatorial Africa
French Equatorial Africa (French: Afrique équatoriale française, or  AEF) was a federation of French colonial territories in Equatorial Africa which consisted of Gabon, French Congo, Ubangi-Shari, and Chad. It existed from 1910 to 1958 and its administration was based in Brazzaville.
Knox College (Illinois)
Knox College is a private liberal arts college in Galesburg, Illinois, United States. Founded in 1837 by anti-slavery advocates, the college holds deep ties to the Underground Railroad movement.

With over 1,100 students enrolled representing 43 states and 56 countries, Knox College offers 99 majors and minors. The college is affiliated with the Associated Colleges of the Midwest, a consortium of leading liberal arts colleges across the Midwest.

The Princeton Review
The Princeton Review is an education services company providing tutoring, test preparation and admission resources for students. It was founded in 1981, and since that time has worked with over 400 million students. Services are delivered by 4,000+ tutors and teachers in the United States, Canada and international offices in 21 countries.; online resources; more than 150 print and digital books published by Penguin Random House; and dozens of categories of school rankings.  The Princeton Review's  affiliate division, Tutor.com, provides online tutoring services.   The Princeton Review is headquartered in New York City and is privately held. The Princeton Review is not associated with Princeton University.
Pyridine alkaloids
Pyridine alkaloids are a class of alkaloids (a broad group of nitrogen-containing chemical compounds found in a wide range of plants and some animals)  that contain a pyridine ring.  Examples include nicotine, nornicotine, anatabine and anabasine - all of which are found at different concerns in varying proportions in plants of the genus Nicotiana including tobacco.

Alkaloids with a pyridine partial structure are usually further subdivided according to their occurrence and their biogenetic origin. The most important examples of pyridine alkaloids are the nicotine and anabasine, which are found in tobacco, the areca alkaloids in betel and ricinine in castor oil.

nicotine

anabasine

ricinine

Pyridine
Pyridine is a basic heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical formula C5H5N. It is structurally related to benzene, with one methine group (=CH−) replaced by a nitrogen atom (=N−).  It is a highly flammable, weakly alkaline, water-miscible liquid with a distinctive, unpleasant fish-like smell. Pyridine is colorless, but older or impure samples can appear yellow. The pyridine ring occurs in many commercial compounds, including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins. Historically, pyridine was produced from coal tar. As of 2016, it is synthesized on the scale of about 20,000 tons per year worldwide.
Mousinho Island
Mousinho Island is a partly ice-covered island, 235 m high, about 3.7 kilometres (2 nmi) from the south end of Gillock Island in the Amery Ice Shelf. Photographed by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47) and ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) (1958). First visited by a party led by J. Manning, from the ANARE Prince Charles Mountains survey in January 1969. Named by Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) for A. Mousinho, pilot of the Beaver aircraft with the 1969 ANARE Prince Charles Mountains party.

Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee
The Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee (AANMC) was established to advise the Government on names for features in the Australian Antarctic Territory and the subantarctic territory of Heard Island and the McDonald Islands. The committee also issues nominations Governor General for the award of the Australian Antarctic Medal.

Committee members were appointed by the Minister or Parliamentary Secretary responsible for Antarctic matters. The committee was founded in 1952 as the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia,  and changed to the current name in 1982 to reflect the multiple functions that the committee is responsible for. The committee was replaced by the Australian Antarctic Division Place names Committee in 2015.
Dankwart
Dankwart is a German given name. Notable people with the given name include:

Dankwart Danckwerts (1933–2012), German sociologist

Dankwart Guratzsch (born 1939), German journalist

Dankwart Rustow (1924–1996), American political scientist

Dankwart Danckwerts
Dankwart Danckwerts (14 March 1933, in Hamburg – 11 May 2012, in Hamburg) was a German sociologist.

After some time in business, he qualified in sociology and economics, graduated from the University of Hamburg in 1960, and worked at the University of Münster with Helmut Schelsky, where he gained his doctoral degree (Dr. sc. pol.), in 1963.

After doing fieldwork in Chile, he was called to a chair of Sociology at the University of Duisburg up to 1998, where he, besides general theory,  specialized in the sociology of transportation. He remained active in sociological research.

A Festschrift was published on his 65th birthday in 1998.
Santa Clara County Fire Department
The Santa Clara County Fire Department (SCCFD) provides fire protection and emergency medical services to the county of Santa Clara, California. Established in 1947, the SCCFD is responsible for the unincorporated areas of Santa Clara County as well as the communities of Campbell, Cupertino, Los Altos, Los Altos Hills, Los Gatos, Monte Sereno, and Saratoga.

The service area encompasses approximately 128 square miles (330 km2) with a population of 226,700.  In addition to their career firefighters, the department is also augmented by approximately 27 volunteer firefighters. Daily 24-hour emergency response staffing consists of 66 firefighters and officers operating out of 15 fire stations with 19 pieces of apparatus and 3 command vehicles.

Monte Sereno, California
Monte Sereno (Spanish for "Serene Mountain") is a city in Santa Clara County, California, United States. The population was 3,479 at the 2020 census. The city is located in the foothills of the Santa Cruz Mountains, about 10 miles (16 km) southwest of San Jose, and is bordered by the town of Los Gatos to the north, east, and south, the Santa Cruz Mountains to the southwest, and the city of Saratoga to the northwest. The city is named for the 2,580-foot (790 m) El Sereno Mountain, upon the slopes of which the southern portion of the city is built. The community is entirely residential with no commercial zoning and 99% single-family housing. It is an upscale Silicon Valley commuter town. Monte Sereno shares the Zip code 95030 with the town of Los Gatos. Many municipal services are provided under contract by Los Gatos.
End of the Trail (Wanlass)
A bronze sculpture depicting Meriwether Lewis, William Clark, and Seaman by Stanley Wanlass, sometimes called End of the Trail, is installed in Seaside, Oregon, United States. The memorial was installed in 1990 and marks the end of the Lewis and Clark Trail. According to the National Park Service, the "End of the Trail Lewis and Clark Commemorative Statue" honors the Corps of Discovery and Lewis and Clark Expedition.

Meriwether Lewis
Meriwether Lewis (August 18, 1774 – October 11, 1809) was an American explorer, soldier, politician, and public administrator, best known for his role as the leader of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, also known as the Corps of Discovery, with William Clark.
Their mission was to explore the territory of the Louisiana Purchase, establish trade with, and sovereignty over the natives near the Missouri River, and claim the Pacific Northwest and Oregon Country for the United States before European nations. They also collected scientific data and information on indigenous nations. President Thomas Jefferson appointed him Governor of Upper Louisiana in 1806. He died in 1809 of gunshot wounds, in what was either a murder or suicide.