hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Air Libya
Air Libya is a privately owned charter airline based in Benghazi, Libya. It was established in 1996 as Tibesti Air Libya,  and was initially based in Tripoli. The company now operates charter flights in support of oil field operations, as well as providing some scheduled and "ad hoc" charter services.  Its main base is at Benina International Airport in Benghazi.

AIR LIBYA was established by the late Mr. Mohamed Almukhtar Abousaif and stood out as the first privately owned airline to receive an AOC (Air Operator Certificate) in the country. It held a unique position as the sole aviation company headquartered in Benghazi. Initially, its focus was on agricultural aviation, commencing operations with a fleet comprising six Cessna 188AG-Truck, two Zlin-137, and one Cessna 185AG-Wagon aircraft. Two years later, the company expanded its fleet by acquiring a Cessna C402C and C421C.

It is on the List of airlines banned in the European Union.

Air operator's certificate
An air operator's certificate (AOC) is the approval granted by a civil aviation authority (CAA) to an aircraft operator to allow it to use aircraft for commercial air transport purposes. This requires the operator to have personnel, assets and systems in place to ensure the safety of its employees and of the flying public. The certificate lists the approved aircraft types, each registration number approved to fly, the approved flying purpose, and in what area the holder may operate (such as specific airports or geographic region).
Micah Hawkins
Micah Hawkins (January 1, 1777 – July 29, 1825) was an American poet, playwright, and composer, largely of music for theater, who also operated a New York City tavern and grocery store.

He was born in Head of the Harbor, New York and moved to New York City in 1798, where he worked in several jobs, including carriage-maker, before opening a grocery and inn. He played flute, piano, and violin.

His blackface song "Backside Albany", ridiculing the British during the War of 1812 was to be sung "in the character of a Negro sailor", ridiculing the British efforts. It was  first performed in Albany, New York, February 15, 1815, as part of a play, The Battle of Plattsburgh.

His operetta The Saw-Mill, or A Yankee Trick, the first opera by an American composer on an American theme, had six performances at New York's Chatham Garden Theatre in 1824–25.

Hawkins was the uncle of painter William Sidney Mount, who lived with him for a time in childhood.

William Sidney Mount
William Sidney Mount (November 26, 1807 – November 19, 1868) was a 19th-century American genre painter. Born in Setauket, New York in 1807, Mount spent much of his life in his hometown and the adjacent village of Stony Brook, where he painted portraits, landscapes, and scenes inspired by daily life from the 1820s until his death in 1868 at the age of sixty. During that time he achieved fame in the U.S. and Europe as a painter who chronicled rural life on Long Island. He was the first native-born American artist to specialize in genre painting. Mount was also passionate about music and a fiddle player, a composer and collector of songs, symphonies, sonatas and other works, and designed and patented several versions of his own violin which he named the "Cradle of Harmony." Many of his paintings also feature musicians and groups of people engaged in dance in rural settings.
William Long (Australian politician)
William John Long (18 June 1885 – 3 March 1957) was an Australian politician.

Born in Newcastle, New South Wales, he received a primary education before becoming a boilermaker at the Eveleigh Railway Workshops for fifteen years and a member of the Federated Boilermakers Society. He was the unsuccessful Labor candidate for Botany at the 1925 state election and for Nepean at the 1927 state election.

He was elected to the Australian House of Representatives as the Labor member for Lang at the 1928 federal election, defeating long-serving Nationalist MP and Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives Elliot Johnson. Long held the seat until his own defeat in 1931.

He made a final bid for public office at the 1944 state election, when he unsuccessfully contested the Parramatta as an independent. He died in 1957.

Division of Lang
The Division of Lang was an Australian Electoral Division in the state of New South Wales. It was located in the southern suburbs of Sydney, and was named after Rev. John Dunmore Lang, a Member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and advocate of Australian independence. It originally included the suburbs of Kogarah and Marrickville, but by the time it was abolished in 1977, it covered the suburbs of Lakemba and Belmore.  The Division was proclaimed in 1900, and was one of the original 75 divisions to be contested at the first Federal election.  It was held by the Labor Party for all but one term after 1928, and in its final form was very safe for that party.  It was abolished at the redistribution of 31 October 1977.
Mark Rolle
Hon. Mark George Kerr Rolle (13 November 1835 – 27 April 1907; né Mark George Kerr Trefusis), of Stevenstone, St Giles in the Wood, Devon, was High Sheriff of Devon in 1864, a DL of Devon and High Steward of Barnstaple.

Due to an inheritance from his uncle by marriage, John Rolle, 1st Baron Rolle (1750–1842), he became the largest private landowner in Devon, and according to the Return of Owners of Land, 1873 his landholdings, of which he was life-tenant under his uncle's will, extended to 55,000 acres. He was a prolific philanthropist and builder and restorer of churches, farmhouses and cottages, the latter for his estate workers.

Otterton
Otterton is a village and civil parish in East Devon, England. The parish lies on the English Channel and is surrounded clockwise from the south by the parishes of East Budleigh, Bicton, Colaton Raleigh, Newton Poppleford and Harpford and Sidmouth. In 2001 its population was 700, compared to 622 a hundred years earlier. At the 2011 census the population had reduced to 656. Otterton is part of Raleigh electoral ward whose total population at the above census was 2,120.
Great Oulu fire of 1652
The great Oulu fire of 1652 was a conflagration that destroyed the majority of the young city of Oulu, Finland on 2 October 1652. Almost all of the houses of the town's bourgeoisie, the provision warehouses in which the Crown's grain and money was stored and the drawbridge of Oulu Castle were destroyed.

The city was rebuilt after the fire according to the city plan drawn up by surveyor Claes Claesson in 1651. The new city plan doubled the surface area of the town. At the same time, the streets and city blocks were laid out in a more regular fashion. The shoreline of the Oulu River was turned into a marketplace that had its own measuring house, a weigh house, and, of course, a packhouse.

Weigh house
A weighhouse or weighing house is a public building at or within which goods are weighed. Most of these buildings were built before 1800, prior to the establishment of international standards for weights, and were often a large and representative structures, situated near the market square, town hall, and prominent sacred buildings in town centre.

As public control of the weight of goods was very important, they were run by local authorities who would also use them for the levying of taxes on goods transported through or sold within the city.

Throughout most of Europe, this building was a multifunctional trade hall and would contain diverse functions related to trade and commerce. There is a big variety among their physical organization and the external appearance due to the fundamentally different political and economic conditions that existed throughout Europe.
Protector (ship)
A number of ships have been named Protector:

Protector (1779 frigate) was a 26-gun sixth-rate of the Massachusetts Navy launched in 1779 at Newburyport, Massachusetts, that HMS Roebuck and HMS Medea captured on 5 May 1781; the British Royal Navy renamed her HMS Hussar, and sold her in 1783.

Protector was a ship of 580 tons (bm) launched in 1751 for the British East India Company as a fast heavily armed warship to deter pirates and the French Company in Indian waters. In 1761 a monsoon wrecked her while she rode at anchor in Pondicherry Roads.

Protector (1826 ship) was a ship of 511 tons (bm) launched in 1826 at Chepstow. Between 1826 and 1831 she made two voyages to India for the British East India Company. She was lost in 1838 near Calcutta.

Protector (1827 ship) was a barque of 380 tons (bm) launched at Lincoln, New Brunswick, Canada, in 1827 that in 1830 transported colonists to the nascent Swan River Colony.

HMS Medea (1778)
HMS Medea was a 28-gun Enterprise-class sixth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy.  Medea was first commissioned in May 1778 under the command of Captain William Cornwallis. She was sold for breaking up in 1805.
The Runner Stumbles
The Runner Stumbles is a 1979 American drama film directed and produced by Stanley Kramer, based on the Broadway play by Milan Stitt. The film was the last of Kramer's long and distinguished career. It stars Dick Van Dyke, Kathleen Quinlan, Maureen Stapleton, Tammy Grimes, Beau Bridges, and Ray Bolger. This is Kramer's final film before his retirement in 1980 and death in 2001.

Beau Bridges
Lloyd Vernet "Beau" Bridges III (born December 9, 1941) is an American actor. He is a three-time Emmy, two-time Golden Globe and one-time Grammy Award winner, as well as a two-time Screen Actors Guild Award nominee. Bridges also has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to television. He is the son of actor Lloyd Bridges and the elder brother of fellow actor Jeff Bridges.
Gretl Weikert
Gretl Weikert (born 25 September 1914, date of death unknown) was an Austrian alpine skier. She competed in the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1936, where she won bronze in slalom. She also competed in the women's combined event at the Winter Olympics the same year.

1936 Winter Olympics
The 1936 Winter Olympics, officially known as the IV Olympic Winter Games (German: IV. Olympische Winterspiele) and commonly known as Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1936, were a winter multi-sport event held from 6 to 16 February 1936 in the market town of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. Later that year, the country also hosted the 1936 Summer Olympics, which were held in Berlin. It was the last year in which the Summer and Winter Games both took place in the same country (the cancelled 1940 Olympics would have been held in Japan, with Tokyo hosting the Summer Games and Sapporo hosting the Winter Games).

The 1936 Winter Games were organized on behalf of the German League of the Reich for Physical Exercise (DRL) by Karl Ritter von Halt, who had been named president of the committee for the organization of the Fourth Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen by Reichssportführer Hans von Tschammer und Osten.
Hachimandake Prefectural Natural Park
Hachimandake Prefectural Natural Park (八幡岳県立自然公園, Hachimandake kenritsu shizen kōen) is a Prefectural Natural Park in central Saga Prefecture, Japan. Established in 1970, the park spans the municipalities of Imari, Karatsu, Takeo, and Taku.

Municipalities of Japan
Municipalities are a level of administration in Japan. The country has three levels of governments: national, prefectural, and municipal.

The nation is divided into 47 prefectures (within these, one metropolis, one regional prefecture, and two urban prefectures). Each prefecture consists of numerous municipalities, with 1,718 in total as of October 2018.

There are four types of municipalities in Japan: cities (市, shi), towns (町, chō), villages (村, son) and special wards of Tokyo (区, ku). In Japanese, this system is known as shikuchōson (市区町村), where each kanji in the word represents one of the four types of municipalities. In Tokyo, because the wards are at the center, the system is officially referred to as kushichōson (区市町村), with the wards first, and cities second.

Some designated cities also have further administrative subdivisions, also known as wards, but, unlike the special wards of Tokyo, these wards are not municipalities.
Madocite
Madocite is a mineral with a chemical formula of Pb17(Sb,As)16S41. Madocite was named for the locality of discovery, Madoc, Ontario, Canada. It is found in the marbles of the Precambrian Grenville Limestone.  It is orthorhombic (rectangular prism with a rectangular base) and in the point group mm2. Its crystals are elongated and striated along [001] to a size of 1.5 mm.

Madocite is anisotropic and classified as having high relief. It also displays strong pleochroism.

Madocite is found in small clusters in marble pits (near Madoc, Ontario), and was originally categorized in the 1920s as an unidentified sulfosalt mineral in an assemblage of pyrite, sphalerite, and jamesonite in marble. Later research was done by John L. Jambor in the 1960s who went to the site and collected samples of the assemblages.

Madoc, Ontario (township)
Madoc is a township in Hastings County in  Eastern Ontario, Canada.

The township was named after Welsh prince Madoc ap Owain Gwynedd, credited by some with discovering North America in 1170. There exists an alternative explanation, for which no evidence exists, that the name comes from a small Welsh village, Llanmadoc, on the Gower Peninsula of Wales, not far from the city of Swansea.  Its post office dates from 1836.
William Johnson (historian)
William Weber Johnson (1909–1992) was an American journalist, historian and writer whose work focused on the Old West and Mexico.

Johnson worked as a journalist for a local paper in Illinois before working for the Associated Press in Chicago and Detroit. He joined Time Life in 1941. During World War II, Johnson worked as a war correspondent for Time embedded with British troops following D-Day. He later served as bureau chief in various places in and outside the United States, notably in Mexico.

Johnson was well known for his interest in writer B. Traven and the Online Archive of California maintains a "Guide to the William W. Johnson collection on B. Traven".

He is the author of eleven books, one of which, Mexico, was translated in fourteen languages and sold millions of copies.

Johnson received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1958.

Time Life
Time Life, Inc. (also habitually represented with a hyphen as Time-Life, Inc., even by the company itself) was an American multi-media conglomerate company formerly known as a prolific production/publishing company and direct marketeer seller of books, music, video/DVD, and other multimedia products. After all home market book publication activities had been shuttered in 2003, the focus of the group shifted exclusively towards music, video, and entertainment experiences such as the StarVista cruises. Its products have once been sold worldwide throughout the Americas, Europe, Australasia, and Asia via television, print, retail, the Internet, telemarketing, and direct sales. Activities were largely restricted to the North American home market afterwards, and operations were until recently focused on the US and Canada alone with very limited retail distribution overseas, ceasing altogether in 2023.
Luch, Sumy Oblast
Luch (Ukrainian: Луч) is a rural settlement in Konotop Raion, Sumy Oblast (province) of Ukraine.

Until 18 July 2020, Luch was part of Krolevets Raion. In July 2020, as part of Ukraine’s administrative reform, the number of raions in Sumy Oblast was reduced to five, and the territory of Krolevets Raion was merged into Konotop Raion.

Krolevets Raion
Krolevets Raion (Ukrainian: Кролевецький район) was a raion in Sumy Oblast in North Ukraine. The administrative center of the raion was the town of Krolevets. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Sumy Oblast to five. The last estimate of the raion population was 36,390 (2020 est.).
Marco Antonio Villa
Marco Antonio Villa (May 25, 1955) is a Brazilian historian and author of several books. He writes and comments on his personal blog "Marco Antonio Villa's Blog", where he writes on many subjects, including history, economics and politics. Villa is an outspoken critic of the Workers' Party of Brazil, which he blames for the current economic crisis and poor economic growth of the country. He currently participates in the TV program Jornal da Cultura running on TV Cultura commenting on current news topics. He is a frequent commentator on current controversies in Brazil, particularly the Petrobras Scandal and Operation Car Wash (Portuguese: Operação Lava Jato).

He obtained a Master's Degree in Sociology (1989) and a Doctorate in Social History (1993) from the University of São Paulo.

Petrobras
Petróleo Brasileiro S.A., better known by and trading as the portmanteau Petrobras (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˌpɛtɾoˈbɾas, pet-]), is a Brazilian majority state-owned multinational corporation in the petroleum industry, which is headquartered in Rio de Janeiro. The company's name translates to Brazilian Petroleum Corporation.

The company was ranked #71 in the 2023 Fortune Global 500 list. In the 2023 Forbes Global 2000, Petrobras was ranked as the 58th-largest public company in the world.
Stanisław Lubomirski (1722–1782)
Prince Stanisław Lubomirski (25 December 1722 in Kraków – 12 August 1782 in Łańcut) was a Polish nobleman. He was awarded Knight of the Order of the White Eagle on 3 August 1757 in Warsaw, and later was also awarded the Order of Saint Stanislaus.

He was the Crown Grand Warden from 1752, onward, the Crown Grand Marshal starting in 1766. He was the commissioner of the knighthood of the Crown Treasury Commission in 1765, the counselor of the Permanent Council in 1780, the starosta of Wiślica in 1765, the starosta of Kałusz, starosta of Goszczyń and starosta of Lubochnia.

He was married to Princess Elżbieta Izabela Czartoryska since 9 June 1753 and they had four children: Elżbieta Lubomirska, Julia Lubomirska, Aleksandra Lubomirska and Konstancja Małgorzata Lubomirska. His properties included Lubomirski Palace in Lwów, Lubomirski Palace in Łańcut, and the vast estates of Wiśnicz and Przeworsk. He is also the namesake for Warsaw's Lubomirski Ramparts.

Wiśnicz
Wiśnicz [ˈviɕnit͡ʂ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Małogoszcz, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) west of Małogoszcz, 21 km (13 mi) north-west of Jędrzejów, and 33 km (21 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.
Schlafmütze
Schlafmütze ("nightcap") is a fast-paced game of matching and bluffing, which is closely related to the English game Spoons. The game requires a minimum of two players, but ideally a minimum of three players, and involves each player passing round cards in an attempt to acquire a hand consisting of all the same value cards. Upon doing so, they silently place their hand of cards on the table. The last player to notice that this has happened is the loser of the round.

Mott-Smith Trophy
The Mott-Smith Trophy, named for writer and cryptographer Geoffrey Mott-Smith, is awarded to the player with the best overall individual performance in the Spring Nationals, the spring event of the American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) North American Bridge Championship (NABC).
John Marlyn
John Marlyn (April 2, 1912 – November 16, 2005) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Canadian writer who also used the pseudonym Vincent Reid when writing science fiction.

Marlyn was born in Nagybecskerek (Veliki Bečkerek), Kingdom of Hungary, Austria-Hungary (today Serbia) but grew up in Winnipeg, Manitoba, after arriving in Canada as an infant. During the depression-era 1930s, he found work as a script reader for a film studio in England. Just before World War II, he returned to Canada and worked as a writer for the Canadian government in Ottawa, Ontario. He also taught creative writing at Carleton University 1963–1967.

Marlyn received a Beta Sigma Phi award for his first novel, a tale of poor immigrant life during the 1920s, set in Winnipeg's North End.

Marlyn's papers were acquired by the University of Calgary in 1987.

He lived in the Canary Islands until he died of a heart attack.

Beta Sigma Phi
Beta Sigma Phi International (ΒΣΦ) is an international noncollegiate sorority with 67,253 members. Founded in Abilene Kansas, in 1931 by Walter W. Ross "for the social, cultural, and civic enrichment of its members", the organization now has chapters throughout the United States, Canada, and other countries.
Simone Kennedy (cyclist)
Simone Kennedy (born 4 January 1994) is an Australian cyclist. She represented Australia at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and won a silver medal in the individual pursuit C1-3. She represented Australia at the 2016 Rio Paralympics.

UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships
The UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships are the world championships for track cycling where athletes with a physical disability compete, organized by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI).

The Championships were earlier administered by the International Paralympic Committee.

The 1994, 1998, 2002  and 2007 IPC World Championships combined track and road events.  The UCI and the IPC organized the 2006 IPC Cycling World Championships. The first UCI Para-cycling World Championships took place in 2007.

The UCI awards a gold medal and a rainbow jersey to the winner and silver and bronze medals to the second and third.
Sundanese people
The Sundanese (Sundanese: ᮅᮛᮀ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ, romanized: Urang Sunda; Indonesian: Orang Sunda) are an Austronesian ethnic group native to western part of Java island in Indonesia, with the term Tatar Pasundan (ᮒᮒᮁ ᮕᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓᮔ᮪) or Pasundan (ᮕᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓᮔ᮪) which covers most of the administrative areas of the provinces of West Java, Banten, and western part of Central Java. They number approximately 42 million and form Indonesia's second largest ethnic group, and the fourth largest in Southeast Asia. They speak the Sundanese language, which is part of the Austronesian languages.

Sundanese migrants can also be found in Lampung, South Sumatra, and, to a lesser extent, in Central Java and East Java.
The Sundanese people can also be found on several other islands in Indonesia such as Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Bali and Papua.

Gable roof
A gable roof is a roof consisting of two sections whose upper horizontal edges meet to form its ridge. The most common roof shape in cold or temperate climates, it is constructed of rafters, roof trusses or purlins. The pitch of a gable roof can vary greatly.
Lord Bank
Lord Bank (67°50′S 69°15′W﻿ / ﻿67.833°S 69.250°W﻿ / -67.833; -69.250) is a submarine bank in the Bellingshausen Sea with a least depth of 18 metres (60 ft) lying west-southwest of the entrance to Quest Channel, Adelaide Island, Antarctica. The bank was surveyed from HMS Endurance in January 1980 and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Captain James Trevor Lord, Royal Navy, the commanding officer of HMS Endurance, 1978–80.

Adelaide Island
Adelaide Island is a large, mainly ice-covered island, 139 kilometres (75 nmi) long and 37 kilometres (20 nmi) wide, lying at the north side of Marguerite Bay off the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. The Ginger Islands lie off the southern end. Mount Bodys is the easternmost mountain on Adelaide Island, rising to over 1,220 m. The island lies within the Argentine, British and Chilean Antarctic claims.