hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Engelmann Woods Natural Area
Engelmann Woods Natural Area consists of 149 acres (0.60 km2) in northeastern Franklin County, Missouri. It is located southwest of the town of St. Albans on a bluff overlooking the Missouri River.

Engelmann Woods preserves one of the last old growth forests in Missouri. Some of the trees in the area are approximately 3 feet (0.91 m) in diameter, 100 feet (30 m) tall, and 200 years old. In 1942, private landowners, primarily Mrs. Oscar Johnson, donated the land to the Missouri Botanical Garden. The Missouri Department of Conservation acquired the area in the 1980s, and it was designated a natural area in 1983.

There is a 1.5-mile (2.4 km) hiking trail in the area, and hunting and fishing are not permitted in the area.

Franklin County, Missouri
Franklin County is located in the U.S. state of Missouri. At the 2020 census, the population was 104,682. Its county seat is Union. The county was organized in 1818 and is named after Founding Father Benjamin Franklin. Franklin County is part of the St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area and contains some of the city's exurbs. It is located along the south side of the Missouri River. The county has wineries that are included in the Hermann AVA (American Viticultural Area) and is part of the region known as the Missouri Rhineland, which extends on both sides of the Missouri River.
Outline of democracy
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to democracy.

Democracy – form of government which allows people to participate equally—either directly or through elected representatives—in the proposal, development, and creation of laws.

Democracy promotion
Democracy promotion, also referred to as democracy building, can be domestic policy to increase the quality of already existing democracy or a strand of foreign policy adopted by governments and international organizations that seek to support the spread of democracy as a system of government. In practice, it entails consolidating and building democratic institutions.

International democracy promotion typically takes three forms: assistance, monitoring, and conditionality.  In financial terms, democracy promotion grew from 2% of aid in 1990 to nearly 20% in 2005. More controversially and rare, it can also take the form of military intervention.
SM City Telabastagan
SM City Telabagastan is a shopping mall located at the city of San Fernando, Pampanga. The mall officially opened on May 18 with gross floor area of 55,000 square metres (590,000 square feet); 84 percent was already leased. Numerous local events took place in the mall. The shopping center is located close to the MacArthur Highway while accentuating "colorful" designs according to SunStar. The mall has numerous shops in a total of 150 stalls spanning from technology to food. The mall has numerous parking spaces: 728 slots for cars, 720 slots for motorcycles, and 92 slots for bicycles.

MacArthur Highway
The MacArthur Highway, officially the Manila North Road (MNR or MaNor), is a 685-kilometer (426 mi), two-to-six lane, national primary highway and tertiary highway in Luzon, Philippines, connecting Caloocan in Metro Manila to Aparri in Cagayan at the north. It is the second longest road in the Philippines, after the Pan-Philippine Highway. It is primarily known as MacArthur Highway in segments from Caloocan to Urdaneta, Pangasinan, although it is also applied up to Ilocos Sur and called Manila North Road for the entire length. It was named after the top American general commander during World War II and the Korean War, Douglas MacArthur.
Avalanche Spire
Avalanche Spire is a mountain in the Alaska Range located 18.64 miles (30.00 km) south of Denali. It is very technical due to its steep slopes. The mountain's toponym was officially adopted in 1968 by the United States Board on Geographic Names.

United States Board on Geographic Names
The United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) is a federal body operating under the United States secretary of the interior. The purpose of the board is to establish and maintain uniform usage of geographic names throughout the federal government of the United States.
Mikael Simonsen
Mikael Simonsen (20 November 1882 in Løgstør, Denmark – 29 March 1950 in Århus, Denmark) was a Danish rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was a crew member of the Danish boat, which won the bronze medal in the coxed four. Amongst many other rowing accomplishments, he also won Single Scull at the Baltic Games (Baltiska Spelen) 1914 in Mamloe, Sweden.

Rowing at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's coxed four
The men's coxed four was a rowing event held as part of the Rowing at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the second appearance of the event, which had been held at the 1900 Summer Olympics but had been replaced by coxless four at the 1904 and 1908 Games. The standard coxed four event allowed for outriggers, while another event was held in 1912 for boats with inriggers. The competition was held from 17 to 19 July 1912.

Fifty six rowers (11 boats) from nine nations competed. Germany replaced their coxswain, maybe the Danish Polyteknisk replaced a rower, but this possible change is not counted.
Montserrat (surname)
Montserrat is a surname. People with the surname include:

Alba Montserrat (born 1984), Catalan football player

Dolors Montserrat (born 1973), Spanish lawyer and politician

Dominic Montserrat (1964–2004), British egyptologist and papyrologist

Enrique Montserrat (born 1935), Spanish gymnast

Jade Montserrat, British artist and writer

Joan Sella i Montserrat (born 1960), Catalan journalist

Joaquín de Montserrat (1700–1771), Valencian viceroy of New Spain

Josep Montserrat i Torrents (1932–2025), Catalan writer, philosopher, historian and Coptic scholar

María de Montserrat (1913–1995), Uruguayan writer

Marti Montserrat Guillemat (1906–1990), Catalan musician

Nil Montserrat (born 1988), Catalan racing driver

Ricardo Montserrat (1954–2020), French author

Nil Montserrat
Nil Montserrat Simó (born 8 December 1988 in Barcelona) is a Spanish racing driver and coach. He has competed in such series as Formula Renault 3.5 Series and the European F3 Open Championship. In 2017, his namesake NM Racing team were the overall winners at 24 Hours of Barcelona.

In 2023, after an hiatus, Montserrat joined to Iberian Supercars Endurance to drive a Mercedes-AMG GT4 for his own team, NM Racing Team. Teaming up with Alberto de Martin, he finished second in the GT4 Bronze division.
Callaloo (literary magazine)
Callaloo, A Journal of African Diaspora Arts and Letters, is a quarterly literary magazine established in 1976 by Charles H. Rowell, who remains its editor-in-chief. It contains creative writing, visual art, and critical texts about literature and culture of the African diaspora, and is the longest continuously running African-American literary magazine.

Notable writers published in Callaloo include Ernest Gaines, Rita Dove, Yusef Komunyakaa, Octavia Butler, Alice Walker, Lucille Clifton, Edwidge Danticat, Thomas Glave, Samuel Delany, and John Edgar Wideman. Callaloo is well known for connecting Black artists from different cultures and sponsoring upcoming writers. It has been published by the Johns Hopkins University Press since 1986 and headquartered at Texas A&M since 2001.

Edwidge Danticat
Edwidge Danticat (Haitian Creole pronunciation: [edˈwidʒ dãtiˈka]; born January 19, 1969) is a Haitian American novelist and short story writer. Her first novel, Breath, Eyes, Memory, was published in 1994 and went on to become an Oprah's Book Club selection. Danticat has since written or edited several books and has been the recipient of many awards and honors. Her work has dealt with themes of national identity, mother-daughter relationships, and diasporic politics. In 2023, she was named the Wun Tsun Tam Mellon Professor of the Humanities in the department of African American and African Diaspora Studies at Columbia University.
Navaphat Wongcharoen
Navaphat Wongcharoen (Thai language: นวพรรษ วงค์เจริญ; born 3 March 1997) is a Thai swimmer. He represented Thailand at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships in Gwangju, South Korea. He competed in the men's 100 metre butterfly and men's 200 metre butterfly events.

In 2015, he won the bronze medal in the men's 4 × 100 metre medley relay event at the Southeast Asian Games held in Singapore. In 2018, he represented Thailand at the Asian Games held in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Swimming at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships – Men's 100 metre butterfly
The Men's 100 metre butterfly competition at the 2019 World Championships was held on 26 and 27 July 2019. The defending champion Caeleb Dressel broke Michael Phelps' ten-year-old record by 0.32 second in the semi-final, setting a new world-record time of 49.50 seconds. Dressel won the final held the following day, defending his title.
Alt Urgell
Alt Urgell (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈalt uɾˈdʒeʎ]) is a comarca (county) in the Alt Pirineu region, in Catalonia, Spain. It is part of the historic County of Urgell (ca. 789 – 1413) and the historic region of Urgellet. The capital is La Seu d'Urgell.

Comarques of Catalonia
The comarques of Catalonia (singular comarca, Eastern Catalan: [kuˈmarkə], Western Catalan: [koˈmaɾka]), often referred to in English as counties, are an administrative division of Catalonia. Each comarca comprises a number of municipalities, roughly equivalent to a county in the United States. Currently, Catalonia is divided into 42 comarques and Aran, considered a "unique territorial entity" and not a comarca.

Each comarca has a representative county council (Catalan: consell comarcal), except for Barcelonès, which abolished it in 2019, and Aran, which instead has the Conselh Generau d'Aran.

Comarques form the second-level administrative division within Catalonia, being a subdivision of vegueries (or provinces at state level).
Johan Heldenbergh
Johan Heldenbergh (born 9 February 1967) is a Belgian actor, playwright, screenwriter, theatre director and film director. He gained international fame by starring in films, including A Day in a Life (2007), Moscow, Belgium (2008), The Misfortunates (2009), The Broken Circle Breakdown (2012) and The Zookeeper's Wife (2017).

Belgians
Belgians (Dutch: Belgen [ˈbɛlɣə(n)] ⓘ; French: Belges [bɛlʒ] ⓘ; German: Belgier [ˈbɛlɡi̯ɐ] ⓘ) are people identified with the Kingdom of Belgium, a federal state in Western Europe. As Belgium is a multinational state, this connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural rather than ethnic. The majority of Belgians, however, belong to two distinct linguistic groups or communities (Dutch: gemeenschap; French: communauté) native to the country, i.e. its historical regions: Flemings in Flanders, who speak Dutch, West Flemish and Limburgish; and Walloons in Wallonia, who speak French or Walloon. There is also a substantial Belgian diaspora, which has settled primarily in the United States, Canada, France, and the Netherlands.
Iglesia de La Merced, Antigua Guatemala
The Church and Convent of La Merced is a Catholic church located in the city of Antigua Guatemala in Guatemala. The architect Juan de Dios Estrada was in charge of its construction from 1749. The church was dedicated in 1767.

Pedro Armengol
Pedro Armengol (c. 1238 – 27 April 1304), born Pedro Armengol Rocafort, was a Spanish Roman Catholic who was of noble stock and a thief during his adolescence. He became a professed member of the Mercedarians after he experienced a sudden conversion and devoted himself to liberating captive Christians from the Moors. Armengol is best known for being hanged while a captive of the Moors but survived.

He was canonized as a saint on 8 April 1687 after Pope Innocent XI approved his long-standing "cultus" – or devotion.
Phyllonorycter nipigon
Phyllonorycter nipigon is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is widespread across northern North America from Ontario to Alaska, south to Colorado and the Sierra Nevada of California.

The length of the forewings is 3.4-4.4 mm. Adults are on wing from late July to late October in one generation.

The larvae feed on Populus balsamifera, Populus angustifolia, Populus fremontii, Populus nigra and Populus tremuloides. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Populus tremuloides
Populus tremuloides is a deciduous tree native to cooler areas of North America, one of several species referred to by the common name aspen. It is commonly called quaking aspen, trembling aspen, American aspen, mountain or golden aspen, trembling poplar, white poplar, and popple, as well as others. The trees have tall trunks, up to 25 metres (82 feet) tall, with smooth pale bark, scarred with black. The glossy green leaves, dull beneath, become golden to yellow, rarely red, in autumn. The species often propagates through its roots to form large clonal groves originating from a shared root system. These roots are not rhizomes, as new growth develops from adventitious buds on the parent root system (the ortet).

Populus tremuloides is the most widely distributed tree in North America, being found from Canada to central Mexico. It is the defining species of the aspen parkland biome in the Prairie Provinces of Canada and extreme northwest Minnesota.
Point Ellice Bridge
The Point Ellice Bridge, also known as the Bay Street Bridge is a major road-crossing of the Victoria Harbour in Victoria, British Columbia.

Used mainly by motorists, it connects the downtown Rock Bay neighbourhood with Victoria West.

It is one of few crossings toward Esquimalt, the others being the Johnson Street Bridge to the south, the pedestrian Selkirk Trestle 600 metres to the north, and the two bridges over the Gorge Waterway, the Gorge Bridge carrying Tillicum Road, 2 km northwest of Point Ellice Bridge, and the Craigflower Bridge carrying Admirals Road, a further 1.8 km west.

In 1896 it was the site of the Point Ellice Bridge disaster, when the unmaintained bridge collapsed, killing 55 people.

The current structure was built in 1956–57 and was subject to major upgrades in 2001–02 and 2019,
during which it was closed to traffic for 5 months.

Plans to widen the bridge to better accommodate cyclists were originally developed in 2001, at an estimated price of $15,250,000.

Rock Bay, Victoria
Rock Bay is a neighbourhood bordering downtown Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, whose borders are the Upper Harbour on the west, Bay Street on the north, Dowler Street on the east, and Chatham Street on the south. Rock Bay derives its name from the local bay of the same name.
NA-43 (Khyber-I)
NA-43 (Tribal Area-IV) (Urdu: این اے-۴۵، قباَئلی علاقہ-۱۰) is a constituency for the National Assembly of Pakistan comprising Jamrud Subdivision, Landi Kotal Subdivision, and Mula Gori Subdivision of Khyber District.

Mullagori Tehsil
Mullagori Tehsil is a subdivision located in Khyber District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is located among the Tahtara hills on its west side and Peshawar on its east side. The population of Mullagori Tehsil is 40,188 according to the 2017 census. The population mostly belongs to the Mulagori tribe of the Pashtuns. This tehsil is situated to the north of the Khyber Pass in the Tahtara range. Their area extends from a little west of Chauki Sparsang to the crest of the Dabrai hill and from the Kabul River on the north to Lakka Sar on the south touching the land of the Kuki khel (Afridis sub-tribe) and Zakha khel (Afridis sub-tribe), and a clan of the Shinwari. Their neighbors on the west are the Shalmanis and on the north, the Tarakzai Mohmands.
Sylpheed
Sylpheed is an open-source e-mail client and news client licensed under GNU GPL-2.0-or-later with the library part LibSylph under GNU LGPL-2.1-or-later. It provides easy configuration and an abundance of features. It stores mail in the MH Message Handling System. Sylpheed runs on Unix-like systems such as Linux or BSD, and it is also usable on Windows. It uses GTK+.

In 2005, Sylpheed was forked to create Sylpheed-Claws, now known as Claws Mail. As of 2020, both projects continue to be developed independently.

Sylpheed is the default mail client in Lubuntu, Damn Small Linux and some flavours of Puppy Linux.

Unix-like
A Unix-like (sometimes referred to as UN*X, *nix or *NIX) operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, although not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification. A Unix-like application is one that behaves like the corresponding Unix command or shell. Although there are general philosophies for Unix design, there is no technical standard defining the term, and opinions can differ about the degree to which a particular operating system or application is Unix-like. Some well-known examples of Unix-like operating systems include Linux, FreeBSD and OpenBSD. These systems are often used on servers as well as on personal computers and other devices. Many popular applications, such as the Apache web server and the Bash shell, are also designed to be used on Unix-like systems.
Chickering's theory of identity development
Chickering's Theory of Identity Development, as articulated by Arthur W. Chickering explains the process of identity development. The theory was created specifically to examine the identity development process of students in higher education, but it has been used in other areas as well.

Arthur W. Chickering
Arthur Wright Chickering (April 27, 1927 – August 15, 2020) was an American educational researcher in the field of student affairs. He was known for his contribution to student development theories. In 1990 he was appointed Dean of the Graduate School of Education at George Mason University. He was succeeded in 1992 by Dr. Gustavo A. Mellander. Chickering also taught at George Mason University and Goddard College. He worked at Goddard College as a Special Assistant to Presidents Schulman and Vacarr from 2002 to 2012. Chickering died on August 15, 2020, in East Montpelier, VT.
1936 U.S. National Championships (tennis)
The 1936 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, New York. The tournament ran from September 3 until September 12. It was the 56th staging of the U.S. National Championships and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year.

Fred Perry's victory would remain as the last Grand Slam tournament won by a British man until Andy Murray won the US Open in 2012, 76 years apart.

Sarah Palfrey Cooke
Sarah Hammond Palfrey Danzig (née Palfrey; September 18, 1912 – February 27, 1996) was an American tennis player whose adult amateur career spanned 19 years, from June 1926 until September 1945. She won two singles, nine women's doubles, and four mixed doubles titles at the U.S. National Championships.
Davoud Seyed-Abbasi
Seyed Davoud Seyed Abbasi (Persian: داود سید عباسی, born 1 February 1980 in Tehran, Iran) is a retired Iranian football player who last played in the midfield position. He was a member of the Azadegan League club, Parseh.

Azadegan League
The Azadegan League (Persian: ليگ آزادگان, Lig-e Âzâdegân), also known as  League 1 (Persian: لیگ یک, Lig-e Yek), is the second highest division of professional football in Iran. It was the top-level football league in Iran from its foundation in 1991 until 2001, when the Persian Gulf Pro League was established.

Azadegan League operates on a system of promotion and relegation. Each year, the top finishing teams in the Azadegan League are promoted to the Persian Gulf Pro League, and the lowest finishing teams are relegated to League 2.

Since 2016, the league comprises 18 teams. The winner and the runner-up of the Azadegan League are automatically promoted to the Persian Gulf Pro League. The bottom three teams in the league are relegated to League 2. In the past, the format and number of teams were changed for various times.
1982 Bromley London Borough Council election
The 1982 Bromley Council election took place on 6 May 1982 to elect members of Bromley London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative party stayed in overall control of the council.

Bromley London Borough Council
Bromley London Borough Council, also known as Bromley Council, is the local authority for the London Borough of Bromley in Greater London, England. The council has been under Conservative majority control since 2001. It is based at the Civic Centre at Churchill Court in the centre of Bromley.
Curry Lookout
The Curry Lookout, also known as Camp Regalvista, is an historic backcountry shelter in Denali State Park, Alaska.  It is located on top of Curry Ridge, overlooking the Susitna River and the hamlet of Curry, a former depot on the Alaska Railroad.  The only access to the shelter is via a 3-mile (4.8 km) hiking trail beginning at mile 137.2 of the Parks Highway.  The shelter is a hexagonal wood-frame structure with a tent-shaped roof, and no foundation.  Each side is about 6.5 feet (2.0 m) wide and 8 feet (2.4 m) high.  A flagpole rises from the center of the shelter, and is secured to the structure via steel cables.  The shelter was built by the railroad in 1923, the same year the Curry Hotel (no longer standing) was built.  It was intended as an excursion point for visitors, providing views of the surrounding area, including Denali.

The shelter was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

Curry, Alaska
Curry is a ghost town in Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska, United States. It was also known as Dead Horse (not to be confused with the community near the Arctic Ocean). Its post office was founded with that name as well.
Klaus Kubitzki
Klaus Kubitzki (3 May 1933 – 5 December 2022) was a German botanist. He was Emeritus professor in the University of Hamburg, at the Herbarium Hamburgense. He is known for his work on the systematics and biogeography of the angiosperms, particularly those of the Neotropics, and also the floristic record of the Tertiary era. His plant systematic work is referred to as the Kubitzki system. He was a member of the American Society of Plant Taxonomists.

Tertiary period
The Tertiary (/ˈtɜːrʃəri/ TUR-shər-ee, US also /ˈtɜːrʃi.ɛri/ TUR-shee-err-ee) is an obsolete geologic period spanning 66 million to 2.6 or 1.8 million years ago. The period began with the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, at the start of the Cenozoic Era, and extended to the beginning of the Quaternary glaciation at the end of the Pliocene Epoch. The Tertiary has not been recognised by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) since the late 1980s, with the timespan of the Tertiary now being split into the earlier Paleogene and the more recent Neogene periods, though the Tertiary continues to be used in some scientific publications.
Odo II, Viscount of Porhoët
Odo II, Count of Porhoet (died after 1180) was the son of Geoffroy, Viscount de Porhoët, and his wife Hawise (possibly Fergant). He became Duke of Brittany in 1148, jure uxoris,  upon his marriage to Bertha, Duchess of Brittany.

On Bertha's death, Odo II denied her son Conan IV of Penthièvre, Duke of Brittany his inheritance. While Odo II's marriage to Bertha was his first, it was her second marriage, her first being to Alain 'le Noir' de Penthièvre, Lord of Richmond (Alan, 1st Earl of Richmond). Odo II allied with his brother-in-law, Hoèl, Count of Nantes. Odo II was deposed by his stepson Conan IV in 1156, and taken prisoner by Conan IV's ally Raoul de Fougères.

He married secondly, in 1167, a daughter of Guihomar IV, Viscount of Léon, and his wife Nobilis, sometimes identified by the names Eleanor or Joan by later authors

Fougères
Fougères (French: [fuʒɛʁ] ⓘ; Breton: Felger; Gallo: Foujerr) is a commune and a sub-prefecture of the Ille-et-Vilaine department, located in Brittany, northwestern France. As of 2017, Fougères had 20,418 inhabitants. The Fougères area comprises approximately 88,000 inhabitants and is currently growing, unlike the town centre.