hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2003 Puerto Armuelles earthquake
The 2003 Puerto Armuelles earthquake occurred on December 25 at 02:11 local time (07:11 UTC). The epicenter was located in Panama, at about 7 km east of Puerto Armuelles, near the Panama-Costa Rica border. The earthquake had a magnitude of Mw 6.5. Two people were reported dead in Puerto Armuelles. There was building damage in Panama and Costa Rica. Power outage lasted for about four hours in Puerto Armuelles. The maximal intensity was MM VIII in Finca Naranjo, Costa Rica. The intensity was MM VII in Armuelles, Panama, and MM IV in Limón and the Central Valley, Costa Rica, including San José. This earthquake could also be felt in Panama City.

Seismic magnitude scales
Seismic magnitude scales are used to describe the overall strength or "size" of an earthquake. These are distinguished from seismic intensity scales that categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) caused by an earthquake at a given location. Magnitudes are usually determined from measurements of an earthquake's seismic waves as recorded on a seismogram. Magnitude scales vary based on what aspect of the seismic waves are measured and how they are measured. Different magnitude scales are necessary because of differences in earthquakes, the information available, and the purposes for which the magnitudes are used.
Cocoa butter
Cocoa butter, also called theobroma oil, is a pale-yellow, edible fat extracted from the cocoa bean (Theobroma  cacao). It is used to make chocolate, as well as some ointments, toiletries, and pharmaceuticals. Cocoa butter has a cocoa flavor and aroma. Its melting point is slightly below human body temperature. It is an essential ingredient of chocolate and related confectionary products. Cocoa butter does not contain butter or other animal products; it is vegan.

Odor
An odor (American English) or odour (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences) is a smell or a scent caused by one or more volatilized chemical compounds generally found in low concentrations that humans and many animals can perceive via their olfactory system. While smell can refer to pleasant and unpleasant odors, the terms scent, aroma, and fragrance are usually reserved for pleasant-smelling odors and are frequently used in the food and cosmetic industry to describe floral scents or to refer to perfumes.
An Ache in Every Stake
An Ache in Every Stake is a 1941 short subject directed by Del Lord starring American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges (Moe Howard, Larry Fine and Curly Howard). It is the 57th entry in the series released by Columbia Pictures starring the comedians, who released 190 shorts for the studio between 1934 and 1959.

Slapstick
Slapstick is a style of humor involving exaggerated physical activity that exceeds the boundaries of normal physical comedy. Slapstick may involve both intentional violence and violence by mishap, often resulting from physical abuse and/or inept use of props such as saws and ladders.

The term arises from a device developed for use in the broad, physical comedy style known as commedia dell'arte in 16th-century Italy. The "slap stick" consists of two thin slats of wood, which makes a "slap" when striking another actor, with little force needed to make a loud—and comical—sound. The physical slap stick remains a key component of the plot in the traditional and popular Punch and Judy puppet show. More contemporary examples of slapstick humor include The Three Stooges, The Naked Gun and Mr. Bean.
Tees Rowing Club
Tees Rowing Club is a rowing club based on the River Tees in Northeast England. The club is currently based at the River Tees Watersports Centre in Stockton-on-Tees and is affiliated to British Rowing.

The blade colours are or were "white, with a light blue and maroon stripe"; kit: maroon with two light blue side stripes. The blade without white is a recent photography-based variant and likely post-dates 2020, due to a change of colours.

Stockton-on-Tees
Stockton-on-Tees is a market town in County Durham, England, with a population of 84,815 at the 2021 UK census. It gives its name to and is the largest settlement in the wider Borough of Stockton-on-Tees. It is part of Teesside and the Tees Valley, on the northern bank of the River Tees.

The River Tees was straightened in the early 19th century, so that larger ships could access the town. The ports have since relocated closer to the North Sea, and ships are no longer able to sail from the sea to the town. This is due to the building of the Tees Barrage, which was installed to manage tidal flooding. The Stockton and Darlington Railway served the port during the early part of the Industrial Revolution. The railway was also the world's first permanent steam-powered passenger railway.
Remo Fischer
Remo Fischer (born 13 August 1981 in Bäretswil) is a Swiss cross-country skier who has competed since 2000. He competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, finishing 21st in the 50 km and 36th in the 15 km + 15 km double pursuit events.

At the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, Fischer's best finish was seventh in the 4 × 10 km relay at Liberec in 2009, while his best individual finish was 16th in the 15 km event at Oberstdorf in 2005.

His best World Cup finish was third in the 50 km event at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 2008. Fischer has ten career victories from 10 km to 50 km at lesser events since 2004.

Fischer finished tenth in the 4 × 10 km relay at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.

Liberec
Liberec (Czech pronunciation: [ˈlɪbɛrɛts] ⓘ; German: Reichenberg) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 108,000 inhabitants, making it the fifth largest city in the country. It lies on the Lusatian Neisse River, in a basin surrounded by mountains. The city centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

Liberec was once home to a thriving textile industry and hence nicknamed the "Manchester of Bohemia". A symbol of the city and the main landmark of the panorama of Liberec is the Ještěd Tower. Since the end of the 19th century, the city has been a conurbation with the suburb of Vratislavice nad Nisou and the neighbouring city of Jablonec nad Nisou.
Venus of the South Seas
Venus of the South Seas, also known as Venus of the Southern Seas, is a 1924 silent drama film directed by James R. Sullivan starring swimmer Annette Kellerman. It was one of the last films with footage in the Prizma Color process.

The 55-minute four-reel film was made by an American company and shot in Nelson, New Zealand. It includes substantial footage taking place underwater. The film, with the final reel in Prizmacolor, was restored by the Library of Congress in 2004.

Underwater photography
Underwater photography is the practice of capturing images beneath the surface of the water, often done while scuba diving, but can also be done while diving on surface supply, snorkeling, swimming, from a submersible or remotely operated underwater vehicle, or from automated cameras lowered from the surface.

Underwater photography can also be categorized as an art form and a method for recording data. 
Successful underwater imaging is usually done with specialized equipment and techniques. However, it offers exciting and rare photographic opportunities. Animals such as fish and marine mammals are common subjects, but photographers also pursue shipwrecks, submerged cave systems, underwater "landscapes", invertebrates, seaweeds, geological features, and portraits of fellow divers.
Gate dielectric
A gate dielectric is a dielectric used between the gate and substrate of a field-effect transistor (such as a MOSFET). In state-of-the-art processes, the gate dielectric is subject to many constraints, including:

Electrically clean interface to the substrate (low density of quantum states for electrons)

High capacitance, to increase the FET transconductance

High thickness, to avoid dielectric breakdown and leakage by quantum tunneling.

The capacitance and thickness constraints are almost directly opposed to each other.  For silicon-substrate FETs, the gate dielectric is almost always silicon dioxide (called "gate oxide"), since thermal oxide has a very clean interface.  However, the semiconductor industry is interested in finding alternative materials with higher dielectric constants, which would allow higher capacitance with the same thickness.

Quantum state
In quantum physics, a quantum state is a mathematical entity that represents a physical system. Quantum mechanics specifies the construction, evolution, and measurement of a quantum state. Knowledge of the quantum state, and the rules for the system's evolution in time, exhausts all that can be known about a quantum system.

Quantum states are either pure or mixed, and have several possible representations. Pure quantum states are commonly represented as a vector in a Hilbert space. Mixed states are statistical mixtures of pure states and cannot be represented as vectors on that Hilbert space, and instead are commonly represented as density matrices.

Common examples of quantum states are the wave functions describing position and momentum, finite-dimensional vectors describing spin such as the singlet, and states describing many-body quantum systems in a Fock space.
1992 Trofeo Villa de Madrid – Doubles
Gustavo Luza and Cássio Motta were the defending champions, but Luza did not compete this year. Motta teamed up with Jorge Lozano and lost in the first round to Christian Miniussi and Diego Pérez

Patrick Galbraith and Patrick McEnroe won the title by defeating Francisco Clavet and Carlos Costa 6–3, 6–2 in the final.

Carlos Costa (tennis)
Carles ("Carlos") Costa Masferrer (born 22 April 1968) is a former professional tennis player from Spain. Costa turned professional in 1988. He was among the game's leading clay court players in the early 1990s.

Costa was runner-up at the 1992 Italian Open, and reached the fourth round at that year's French Open and US Open. Additionally, Costa won the Barcelona Open, a tournament hosted by the tennis club where he grew up. In May 1992, he reached his career-high singles ranking of World No. 10. Costa retired in 1999.

In April 2006, he played in the 2006 Seniors Torneo Godó event in Barcelona, where he lost to Sergi Bruguera in the final.

Costa worked for IMG as an agent for most male Spanish tennis players (including Rafael Nadal). A few years later, Costa left IMG and created his own sports agency company with Rafael Nadal.

He is not related to his compatriot Albert Costa.
Joel Abraham
Joel Koshy Abraham (born 13 July 1989) is a New Zealand cricketer who played one first-class and one List A match for Canterbury during the 2011–12 season.

Born at Changanacherry in Kerala in India, Abraham played age-group cricket for Canterbury sides from the 2004–05 season and the Canterbury A side from 2011–12. He was one of Canterbury under-23s leading run scorers in 2010–11, and played club cricket in England during 2011, setting an East Anglian Premier League record score of 221 runs whilst playing for Swardeston Cricket Club. He made his senior representative debut in a List A match against Central Districts in November 2011, going on to make his first-class debut against Northern Districts later the same month.

Despite his promise as a batsman, these were Abraham's only senior appearances for the Canterbury side. He played A team cricket until the end of the 2015–16 season and played for a Canterbury XI against Scotland in 2014–15 whilst studying commerce at university.

Northern Districts men's cricket team
The Northern Districts cricket team is a men's cricket team that represents the northern half of New Zealand’s North Island (excluding Auckland). It is one of six major first-class cricket teams governed by New Zealand Cricket. The team competes in the Plunket Shield first-class competition, the Ford Trophy one-day competition, and the Men's Super Smash T20 competition. The T20 team is known as the Northern Brave (previously Northern Knights until the 2021–22 season.

Northern Districts were the last of New Zealand’s six major teams to gain first-class status, joining the Plunket Shield in the 1956–57 season. The association comprises six constituent districts: Northland Cricket Association, Counties Manukau Cricket Association, Waikato Valley Cricket, Hamilton Cricket Association, Bay of Plenty Cricket, and Poverty Bay Cricket Association.
12359 Cajigal
12359 Cajigal, provisional designation 1993 SN3, is a carbonaceous Themistian asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 12 kilometers in diameter.

The asteroid was discovered on 22 September 1993, by Venezuelan astronomer Orlando Naranjo at the Llano del Hato National Astronomical Observatory, Mérida, located in the Venezuelan Andes. It was named after Venezuelan politician and scientist Juan Manuel Cajigal y Odoardo.

Llano del Hato National Astronomical Observatory
The Llano del Hato National Astronomical Observatory (Spanish: OAN de Llano del Hato, or Observatorio Astronómico Nacional de Llano del Hato, code: 303) is an astronomical observatory in Venezuela. It is 3600 meters above sea level and is the country's main observatory. It is situated above the village of Llano del Hato in the Venezuelan Andes, not far from Apartaderos which lies about 50 kilometers north-east of Mérida, Mérida State.
Julebygda Chapel
Julebygda Chapel (Norwegian: Julebygda kapell) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in the large Sandnes municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the borough of Malmheim og Soma in the western part of city of Sandnes which lies in the far western part of the municipality. It is one of the two churches for the Gand parish which is part of the Sandnes prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Stavanger. The stone church was constructed in a long church design in 1957 using designs by the architect Valdemar Scheel Hansteen. The church seats about 200 people.

Diocese of Stavanger
The Diocese of Stavanger (Norwegian: Stavanger bispedømme) is a diocese in the Church of Norway. It covers all of Rogaland county in western Norway. The cathedral city is Stavanger, where the Stavanger Cathedral is located.  The bishop is Anne Lise Ådnøy, who has held the post since 2019.
Antony Stokes
Nigel Antony David Stokes LVO OBE (born 21 January 1965) was  British Ambassador to Cuba from 2016 to 2022.

Stokes was educated at Queens' College, Cambridge and University College London (PhD, 1990). After working for Schlumberger and Mars, Incorporated he joined Her Majesty's Diplomatic Service in 1994.  He served in Bangkok, Seoul and Riga before his  appointment as Ambassador to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 2010.

Stokes was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2022 New Year Honours for services to British foreign policy.

Mars Inc.
Mars, Incorporated (doing business as Mars Inc.) is an American multinational manufacturer of confectionery, pet food, and other food products and a provider of animal care services founded on June 23, 1911. Mars is headquartered in McLean, Virginia, in the Washington metropolitan area, and is entirely owned by the Mars family. The company had US$45 billion in annual sales in 2022; that year Forbes ranked the company as the fourth-largest privately held company in the United States.

Mars operates in four subsidiaries around the world: Snacking (headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, with U.S. headquarters in Hackettstown and Newark, New Jersey), Petcare (Zaventem, Belgium; Poncitlán, Jalisco, Mexico; Querétaro, Mexico), Food (Rancho Dominguez, California) and Mars Edge (Germantown, Maryland), the company's life sciences division.
Ontology for Media Resources
Ontology for Media Resources is a W3C recommendation from 2012 that aims to define "a core set of metadata properties for media resources, along with their mappings to elements from a set of existing metadata formats"
In addition to defining vocabulary terms to annotate multimedia objects, the document also provides a mapping to common multimedia metadata formats, including ID3, XMP, IPTC, Dublin core, OGG, Exif, Media RSS, and others, as well as mapping to several  container formats, including 3GP, MP4, WebM, and others.

MP4 file format
MP4 (formally MPEG-4 Part 14) is a digital multimedia container format most commonly used to store video and audio, but it can also be used to store other data such as subtitles and still images. Like most modern container formats, it allows streaming over the Internet. The only filename extension for MPEG-4 Part 14 files as defined by the specification is .mp4.

MPEG-4 Part 14 is a standard specified as a part of the MPEG-4 specifications, formally as ISO/IEC 14496-14:2003. Unlike the audio-only compression formats MP3 and MP2, MP4 is a container format that can hold various types of media from various codecs. During the 2000s, portable media players were sometimes erroneously advertised as "MP4 players", even if they may play a different format like AMV video and not necessarily the MPEG-4 Part 14 format.
Jaigarh Fort
Jaigarh Fort is situated on the promontory called the Cheel ka Teela (Hill of Eagles) of the Aravalli range; it overlooks the Amer Fort and the Maota Lake, near Amer in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Raja Kakil Dev captured the Amber region from the Mina tribes and began construction of Jaigarh fort around the middle of the eleventh century. Over the centuries, the Fort was augmented by subsequent rulers, including Maha Raja Jai Singh II, who added palace apartments to the complex.

The fort, rugged and similar in structural design to the Amer Fort, is also known as Victory Fort. It has a length of 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) along the north–south direction and a width of 1 kilometre (0.62 mi). The fort features a cannon named "Jaivana" (Jaivana Cannon), which was manufactured in the fort precincts and was then the world's largest cannon on wheels. Jaigarh Fort and Amer Fort are connected by subterranean passages and considered as one complex.

Aravalli Range
The Aravalli Range (also spelled Aravali) is a mountain range in north-western India. running approximately 670 km (420 mi) in a south-west direction, starting near Delhi, passing through southern Haryana and Rajasthan, and ending in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. The highest peak is Guru Shikhar in Mount Abu, Rajasthan at 1,722 m (5,650 ft). The Aravalli Range is the oldest fold-mountain belt in India, dating back to the Paleoproterozoic era.
Francis Burleigh
Christianity portal

Francis Burleigh, sometimes spelled Burghley, was born in London around 1552. He studied at St. Catharine's College, Cambridge, then Queens' College, Cambridge, and finally Pembroke College, Cambridge. "He graduated B.A. in 1583, proceeded M.A. in 1587 and B.D. in 1594. He eventually became doctor of divinity in 1607 shortly after he had commenced his work on the translation" (http://kingjamesbibletranslators.org/bios/Francis_Burley/).

He was an English Vicar, appointed in 1590 to Bishop's Stortford by Lancelot Andrewes. He was among Andrewes' "First Westminster Company", charged by James I of England with the translation of the first 12 books of the King James Version of the Bible.

Pembroke College, Cambridge
Pembroke College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. The college is the third-oldest college of the university and has over 700 students and fellows. It is one of the university's larger colleges, with buildings from almost every century since its founding, as well as extensive gardens. Its members are termed "Valencians". The college's Master is the art historian Rosalind Polly Blakesley.

Pembroke has a level of academic performance among the highest of all the Cambridge colleges; in 2013, 2014, 2016, and 2018 Pembroke was placed second in the Tompkins Table. Pembroke contains the first chapel designed by Sir Christopher Wren and is one of only six Cambridge colleges to have educated a British prime minister, in Pembroke's case William Pitt the Younger. The college library, with a Victorian neo-gothic clock tower, has an original copy of the first encyclopaedia to contain printed diagrams.
Elk River Wind Project
The Elk River Wind Project is a 150 megawatt wind farm near Beaumont in Butler County, Kansas. The Elk River Project subsidiary is owned by PPM Energy and the project has been operating since 2005.

Empire District Electric selected Elk River, and signed a twenty-year agreement with PPM Energy to purchase wind energy from the farm.

Iberdrola
Iberdrola, S.A. (Spanish pronunciation: [iβeɾˈðɾola]) is a Spanish multinational electric utility company based in Bilbao, Spain. It has  around 40,000 employees and serves around 30 million customers.

Subsidiaries include ScottishPower (United Kingdom), Avangrid (United States) and Neoenergia (Brazil), amongst others. As of 2023, the largest shareholder of the company is the Qatar Investment Authority, with BlackRock and Norges Bank (managers of the Norwegian Government Pension Fund Global) also holding significant interests.

Iberdrola is the largest producer of wind power, and the world's second largest electricity utility by market capitalisation. As of 2023, the company operates a capacity of 62,045 MW, of which 41,246 MW are from renewable sources worldwide.
Pavilion (CDP), New York
Pavilion is a hamlet and census-designated place within the town of Pavilion in Genesee County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population of the CDP was 646, out of a total of 2,495 people in the town as a whole.

Genesee County, New York
Genesee County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 58,388. Its county seat is Batavia. Its name is from the Seneca word Gen-nis'-hee-yo, meaning "the Beautiful Valley". The county was created in 1802 and organized in 1803. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.

Genesee County comprises the Batavia, NY micropolitan statistical area, which is also in the Rochester-Batavia-Seneca Falls, NY combined statistical area. It is in Western New York. It is the namesake of Genesee County, Michigan; that is, the Michigan county was named for Genesee County, New York.
Second Battle of Charleston Harbor order of battle: Union
The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Siege of Charleston Harbor of the American Civil War. The Confederate order of battle is listed separately.

The following lists contain the commanders and units involved in the operations against Charleston Harbor from July to September 1863 which included the major engagements of First Fort Wagner, Grimball's Landing, Second Fort Wagner and the Siege of Charleston Harbor.

Edward W. Serrell
Edward Wellman Serrell (November 5, 1826 – April 25, 1906) was an American civil engineer during the mid 19th century. In 1861, during the American Civil War he helped raise a regiment of engineers from New York state, the 1st New York Volunteer Engineer Regiment for the Union Army, and was appointed colonel of the regiment. Later he was brevetted brigadier general. One of his more notable achievements during the war was his work on the "Marsh Battery" during the Second Battle of Charleston Harbor.
Joe Allison (American football)
Joe Allison (born January 20, 1970) is an American former football placekicker. He played one game in 1995 the Canadian Football League (CFL) for the Memphis Mad Dogs, a short-lived expansion team. He played college football for the Memphis State Tigers, where he won the inaugural Lou Groza Award in 1992.

Memphis Mad Dogs
The Memphis Mad Dogs were a Canadian football team that played the 1995 season in the Canadian Football League. The Mad Dogs were part of a failed attempt to expand the CFL into the United States. They played at Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium.

The team's principal owner was Fred Smith, founder of FedEx.