hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Y Touring Theatre Company
Y Touring Theatre Company was a national touring theatre company which produced original plays and debates exploring contemporary issues. It was founded in 1989 by Nigel Townsend. The company was based in Kings Cross, London, England and was a former operation of Central YMCA.

In 2014 Y Touring Theatre Company was closed.

The company is now extending the work through digital media.

Nuffield Council on Bioethics
The Nuffield Council on Bioethics is a UK-based independent charitable body, which examines and reports on bioethical issues raised by new advances in biological and medical research. Established in 1991, the Council is funded by the Nuffield Foundation, the Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust. The Council has been described by the media as a 'leading ethics watchdog', which 'never shrinks from the unthinkable'.
International Business School, Germany
The International Business School (IBS) was founded in1984 as a non-academic private business school. It offered three-year full-time management programs in different management disciplines. It also specialized in foreign language training. Due to declining student numbers and uncertainty in the European higher education market following Brexit, the Nuremberg campus-the last remaining IBS location-closed in 2021, ending the school's operations. With the closure of its last campus, the International Business School concluded its more than three-decade history as a provider of business and management education in Germany

University of Sunderland
The University of Sunderland is a public research university located in Sunderland in the North East of England. Its predecessor, Sunderland Technical College, was established as a municipal training college in 1901. It gained university status in 1992. It now has campuses in Sunderland, London and Hong Kong, and has about 21,000 students as of 2022.
Eyes Love You
"Eyes Love You" is the debut single by Japanese musician hide, released on August 5, 1993. It reached number 3 on the Oricon chart. His second single "50% & 50%" was released on the same day. Both singles' covers are identical except; "Eyes Love You" is green, whereas "50% & 50%" is red. They form a 3D picture when they are placed side by side. It was certified gold upon release by RIAJ.

Recording Industry Association of Japan
The Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) (日本レコード協会, Nihon Rekōdo Kyōkai) is an industry trade group composed of Japanese corporations involved in the music industry. It was founded in 1942 as the Japan Phonogram Record Cultural Association, and adopted its current name in 1969.

The RIAJ's activities include promotion of music sales, enforcement of copyright law, and research related to the Japanese music industry. It publishes the annual RIAJ Year Book, a statistical summary of each year's music sales, as well as distributing a variety of other data.

Headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, the RIAJ has twenty member companies and a smaller number of associate and supporting members; some member companies are the Japanese branches of multinational corporations headquartered elsewhere.

The association is responsible for certifying gold and platinum albums and singles in Japan.
Pig iron
Pig iron, also known as crude iron, is an intermediate good used by the iron industry in the production of steel. It is developed by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Pig iron has a high carbon content, typically 3.8–4.7%, along with silica and other dross, which makes it brittle and not useful directly as a material except for limited applications.

Dross
Dross is a mass of solid impurities floating on a molten metal or dispersed in the metal, such as in wrought iron. It forms on the surface of low-melting-point metals such as tin, lead, zinc or aluminium or alloys by oxidation of the metal. For higher melting point metals and alloys such as steel and silver, oxidized impurities melt and float making them easy to pour off.

With wrought iron, hammering and later rolling remove some dross.
With tin and lead the dross can be removed by adding sodium hydroxide pellets, which dissolve the oxides and form a slag. If floating, dross can also be skimmed off.

Dross, as a solid, is distinguished from slag, which is a liquid. Dross product is not entirely waste material; for example, aluminium dross can be recycled and is also used in secondary steelmaking for slag deoxidation.
Anabura (Pisidia)
Anabura or Anaboura (Ancient Greek: Ἀνάβουρα) was a town of ancient Pisidia, inhabited during Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine times.

Its site is located near Enevre in Şarkikaraağaç, Isparta Province, Turkey.

Isparta Province
Isparta Province (Turkish: Isparta ili) is a province in southwestern Turkey. Its adjacent provinces are Afyon to the northwest, Burdur to the southwest, Antalya to the south, and Konya to the east. Its area is 8,946 km2, and its population is 445,325 (2022). The provincial capital is Isparta.

The province is well known for producing apples, sour cherries, grapes, roses and rose products, and carpets. The best fertile lands are in Uluborlu. The province is situated in the Göller Bölgesi (Lakes Area) of Turkey's Mediterranean Region and has many freshwater lakes.
Evgeniya Gutnova
Evgeniya Vladimirovna Gutnova (Russian: Евгения Владимировна Гутнова; 1914 - 1992) was a Soviet Russian historian and medievalist, Doctor of Sciences in Historical Sciences (1957). She was a professor at the Lomonosov Moscow State University (since 1959).

Julius Martov is her uncle. Lydia Dan is her aunt.

She graduated from the Faculty of History at Lomonosov Moscow State University in 1939. She was a student of Eugene Kosminsky.

In 1942, she defended her candidate's dissertation on Thomas Carlyle. Her opponent was A. I. Neusykhin. 
In 1956, she defended her doctoral thesis on the history of the English Parliament. At MSU, she was a Deputy head of Department of History of the Middle Ages, which was then headed by Sergei Skazkin.

She published in Voprosy Istorii and Soviet Historical Encyclopedia.

Lydia Dan
Lydia Osipovna Dan (Russian: Ли́дия О́сиповна Дан; née Tsederbaum; 21 May 1878 – 28 March 1963) was a Menshevik revolutionary leader and active participant in the revolutionary movement of Russia.

Her brother was the Menshevik leader Julius Martov, her husband was fellow Menshevik Fyodor Dan.
Nokia C2
Nokia C2 can refer to several Nokia either mobile phones that run the Series 40 operating system or Android Go smartphone by HMD global.

Nokia C2-00 dual sim in a "candybar" phone form factor with a regular keypad.

Nokia C2-01 see Nokia Cseries.

Nokia C2-02 touchscreen in a "slider" phone form factor with also a regular keypad. Additionally it has Ovi Maps.

Nokia C2-03 dual sim touchscreen in a "slider" phone form factor with also a regular keypad. Additionally it has Ovi Maps.

Nokia C2-05 slider phone form factor with a regular keypad. Additionally it has Ovi Maps.

Nokia C2-06 dual sim touchscreen in a "slider" phone form factor with also a regular keypad. Additionally it has Ovi Maps.

Nokia C2 (2020) Android Go smartphone unveiled in February 2020 by HMD Global.

Nokia C2-00
Now discontinued, the Nokia C2-00 is a mobile telephone handset produced by Nokia. It is the first mobile handset released by Nokia that supports dual SIM functionality. It was announced in June 2010 and was first released in July 2011, just over a year after its announcement.

In regards to physical appearance, it was available in  Dynamic Gray, Jet Black, Magenta, Dark Blue, and Snow White. It had a 3.5mm headphone jack.

While it does not have a rear camera, its front camera provides both photo and video options, with a max of 10FPS.

Further features of the device included the capacity for games, voice memo, suggested autofill text, SMS and MMS messaging, email, IM, and call records.

The battery life provided 460 hours of standby time and 5 hours and 40 minutes of call time.

In February 2020, HMD Global unveiled an Android Go smartphone with almost the same name, Nokia C2.
Ilumina (TV series)
Ilumina (transl. lights) is a 2010 Philippine television drama fantasy series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Mark A. Reyes and Topel Lee, it stars Rhian Ramos, Aljur Abrenica and Jackie Rice. It premiered on August 2, 2010, on the network's Telebabad line up. The series concluded on November 19, 2010, with a total of 80 episodes.

The series is streaming online on YouTube.

Philippine television drama
Philippine television drama, also known as teleserye is a form of melodramatic, serialized, televised fiction in the Philippines. Teleserye is derived from two Filipino words: "tele", short for "telebisyón" (television), and "serye" (series).

Teleseryes share characteristics with and have roots similar to soap operas and telenovelas. They have evolved into a genre with unique characteristics, however, and often reflect Filipino social reality. Teleseryes are aired in the afternoon and prime time, five days a week. Their audience crosses age and gender lines, and they have the highest advertising rates in the Philippine television industry. Series last from three months to a year or longer, depending on ratings.

Philippine TV dramas also include serials and anthologies, usually shown weekly. These dramas have a finite number of episodes and usually last one season, again depending on ratings.
Brazil (Rosemary Clooney album)
Brazil is a 2000 album by Rosemary Clooney. John Pizzarelli accompanies Clooney on vocals on five of the tracks, and sings Antonio Carlos Jobim's "Wave". Diana Krall duets with Clooney on "The Boy from Ipanema". The arrangements primarily feature woodwinds (including several flutes, and saxophone soloist Gary Foster and Nino Tempo), piano and guitar, and do not feature brass instruments.

Jon Hendricks
John Carl Hendricks (September 16, 1921 – November 22, 2017), known professionally as Jon Hendricks, was an American jazz lyricist and singer. He is one of the originators of vocalese, which adds lyrics to existing instrumental songs and replaces many instruments with vocalists, such as the big-band arrangements of Duke Ellington and Count Basie. He is considered one of the best practitioners of scat singing, which involves vocal jazz soloing. Jazz critic and historian Leonard Feather called him the "Poet Laureate of Jazz", while Time dubbed him the "James Joyce of Jive". Al Jarreau called him "pound-for-pound the best jazz singer on the planet—maybe that's ever been".
George Stewart (tennis)
George Stewart was a Panama-born tennis player.

Stewart, a black player, was dominant in the American Tennis Association (ATA) during the 1940s and 1950s, along with Althea Gibson from the women's bracket. A seven-time singles champion, he won his first ATA title in 1947. In 1952 he and Reginald Weir were the first blacks to compete at the U.S. national championships (modern day US Open).

A left-handed player, Stewart was a doubles silver medalist for Panama at the 1954 Central American and Caribbean Games in Mexico City and also represented his birth country at the Bolivarian Games.

Stewart played collegiate tennis for South Carolina State University (then known as South Carolina State Agricultural and Mechanical Institute).

South Carolina State University
South Carolina State University (SCSU or SC State) is a public, historically black, land-grant university in Orangeburg, South Carolina. It is the only public, historically black land-grant research university in South Carolina, is a member of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund, and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS).
Ferguson Gas Station
The Ferguson Gas Station is a historic automotive service station at Center Street and United States Route 65 in Marshall, Arkansas.  It is a small single-story structure, with sandstone walls and brick quoining at the corners and openings.  It has a steeply pitched gable roof, with a slightly projecting cross gable above the entrance.  The station was built about 1927 by Zeb Ferguson, in a style first popularized by the Pure Oil Company.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

Pure Oil
Pure Oil Company was a major American petroleum company founded in 1914, involved in oil production, refining, and marketing, and best known for its national network of branded gasoline stations in the United States.
Willoughby Weiss
Willoughby Hunter Weiss (2 April 1820, Liverpool – 24 October 1867, London) was an English oratorio and opera singer and composer. He became one of the most celebrated bass singers of the 19th century, and sang in the premieres of many English works.

Drury Lane
Drury Lane is a street on the boundary between the Covent Garden and Holborn areas of London, running between Aldwych and High Holborn. The northern part is in the borough of Camden and the southern part in the City of Westminster. Drury Lane is part of London's West End Theatreland.
Cystic eyeball
Congenital cystic eye (also known as CCE or cystic eyeball) is an extremely rare ocular malformation where the eye fails to develop correctly in utero and is replaced by benign, fluid-filled tissue. Its incidence is unknown, due to the very small number of cases reported.  An audit by Duke-Elder of the medical literature from 1880 to 1963 discovered only 28 cases.  The term was coined in 1937 by the renowned ophthalmologist Ida Mann.

Ida Mann
Professor Dame Ida Caroline Mann, DBE, FRCS (6 February 1893, West Hampstead, London –  18 November 1983, Perth, Western Australia) was "a distinguished ophthalmologist ... equally well known for her pioneering research work on embryology and development of the eye, and on the influences of genetic and social factors on the incidence and severity of eye disease throughout the world". Only six other women were Fellows at this time.
Swamp lily
Swamp lily can refer to plants:

Some species of Crinum, including:
Crinum americanum, Florida swamp-lily
Crinum erubescens
Crinum pedunculatum

Lilium superbum

Ottelia ovalifolia

Zephyranthes candida, Peruvian swamp lily

Crinum americanum
Crinum americanum is an aquatic angiosperm native to North America from Texas to South Carolina, as well as Mexico, Cuba, Jamaica and the Cayman Islands. Common names for this species include Florida swamp-lily, string lily, and southern swamp crinum. The species grows in small groups in still water habitats.

Crinum species are now members of the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae; they were formerly placed in the family Liliaceae.
Chris Cross (TV series)
Chris Cross is a children's television series produced by Central TV and CINAR (now WildBrain). The series premiered on CITV in the UK in 1994 and Showtime in the United States. Based on a British boarding school, it dealt with the shift from single to mixed-sex, and the rivalry between two male characters. It was filmed on location at Thoresby Hall, Nottinghamshire, England. It starred future Clueless actress Rachel Blanchard as Dinah.

ITV Central
ITV Central, previously known as Central Independent Television, Central ITV, Carlton Central, ITV1 for Central England and commonly referred to as simply Central, is the Independent Television franchisee in the English Midlands. It was created following the restructuring of ATV and officially began broadcasting on 1 January 1982. The service is owned and operated by ITV plc under the licensee of ITV Broadcasting Limited. Historically Central made a major contribution to the ITV network schedule – especially in entertainment and drama – but today its main responsibility is the regional news service.
Semyon Rudnev
Semyon Vasilyevich Rudniev (Russian: Семён Васи́льевич Ру́днев; Ukrainian: Семе́н Васи́льович Ру́днєв, romanized: Semen Vasyliovych Rudniev) (February 27, 1899 – August 4, 1943) was one of the leaders of Soviet partisan movement during World War II and People's Commissar in the partisan group operating in Ukraine and led by Sydir Kovpak.

Commissar
Commissar (or sometimes Kommissar) is an English transliteration of the Russian комиссáр (komissar), which means 'commissary'. In English, the transliteration commissar often refers specifically to the political commissars of Soviet and Eastern-bloc armies or to the people's commissars (effectively government ministers), while administrative officers are called commissaries.

The Russian word комисса́р, from French commissaire, was used in Russia for both political and administrative officials. The title has been used in the Soviet Union and in Russia since the time of the emperor Peter the Great (r. 1682–1725).
Battle of Artemivsk
The Battle of Artemivsk was a 2014 battle fought in the city of Artemivsk (historically and since 2016 known as Bakhmut) during the war in Donbas in eastern Ukraine as part of the wider Russo-Ukrainian War. It involved armed confrontation between the Special Operations Forces of Ukraine and the National Guard of Ukraine against pro-Russian militias fighting for the Donetsk People’s Republic.

Special Operations Forces (Ukraine)
The Special Operations Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Сили спеціальних операцій Збройних сил України,, romanized: Syly spetsialnykh operatsii Zbroinykh syl Ukrainy, abbreviated ССО, SSO) are the special forces of Ukraine and one of the eight branches of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, with headquarters in Kyiv.

The SSO has the roles including various special forces-related duties such as direct action, special reconnaissance, intelligence gathering, sabotage and psychological warfare. They are not the only special forces units in Ukraine. The SSO was created in 2016, after various reforms of the Ukrainian Armed Forces due to failures in the war in Donbas. The Ukrainian special forces groups were trained on the model of NATO reaction forces. Reorganizing by concentrating the special forces command into a single unified branch. Previously, military Spetsnaz were under the command of the Chief Directorate of Intelligence (HUR), Ukraine's military intelligence service.
2010 UK quango reforms
Following the 2010 general election, the UK Government under the Cameron–Clegg coalition
announced plans to curb public spending through the abolition of a large number of quasi-autonomous non-governmental organisations (quangos).  This was styled in the national press as a "bonfire of the quangos", making reference to Girolamo Savonarola's religiously inspired Bonfire of the Vanities ("falò delle vanità").

On 23 May 2010, Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne unveiled a £500 million plan to reduce the budget deficit by abolishing or merging many quangos. The cuts and closures received criticism in some quarters, but was generally welcomed by the business community. A decade later in 2021, the UK Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee claimed in a report that  the reforms “failed to spark” and that the Cabinet Office has “not been enforcing the code for public appointments”.

Deficit spending
Within the budgetary process, deficit spending is the amount by which spending exceeds revenue over a particular period of time, also called simply deficit, or budget deficit, the opposite of budget surplus. The term may be applied to the budget of a government, private company, or individual. A central point of controversy in economics, government deficit spending was first identified as a necessary economic tool by John Maynard Keynes in the wake of the Great Depression.
Oloron Cathedral
Oloron Cathedral (French: Cathédrale Sainte-Marie d'Oloron-Sainte-Marie), now St. Mary's Church (French: Eglise Sainte-Marie), is a Roman Catholic church and former cathedral located in the town of Oloron-Sainte-Marie, in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département of France. It is in the Romanesque and Gothic architectural traditions.

Construction was started in the 12th century by Gaston IV, Viscount of Béarn. It was the seat of the Bishopric of Oloron, suppressed by the Concordat of 1801.

It has been listed as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture since March 1939, and was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1998.

Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French pronunciation: [pi.ʁe.nez‿at.lɑ̃.tik] ⓘ; Gascon Occitan: Pirenèus Atlantics; Basque: Pirinio Atlantikoak) is a department located in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the southwest corner of metropolitan France. Named after the Pyrenees mountain range and the Atlantic Ocean, it covers the French Basque Country and the Béarn. It is divided in three arrondissements and its prefecture is Pau. In 2019, it had a population of 682,621.
Joe Irukwu
Joseph Ogbonnaya Irukwu (20 July 1934 – 7 July 2023) was a Nigerian insurance executive, lawyer, lecturer and author who wrote published works about the insurance industry in Africa. He was also a president of Ohaneze Ndigbo, an ethno-political and social group that represents the interest of Igbos in the Nigerian polity.

Irukwu was the founding managing director of Nigerian Reinsurance Corporation, in 1989, he founded African Development Insurance Company which was later sold to Diamond Bank.

Diamond Bank
Diamond Bank Plc., was a Nigerian multinational financial service provider. Diamond Bank was acquired by Access Bank in December 2018, and announced to complete the transactions of the merger fully in the first half of 2019. On 1 April 2019, Diamond Bank was fully merged with Access Bank to build a new entity while retaining the name of Access Bank with a logo that took the form of Diamond Bank.
Independents (artist group)
The Independents were a group of modernist painters based in the New Hope, Pennsylvania, area of the United States during the early 1930s. They evolved out of The New Group (founded in 1930), a collection of artists dissatisfied with the hold that "conservative" Pennsylvania Impressionists had on local exhibitions.

Members of the Independents included Peter Keenan, Robert Hogue, R.A.D. Miller, Charles Evans, Henry Baker, Ralston Crawford, Charles Frederic Ramsey, and Faye Swengel Badura.

New Hope, Pennsylvania
New Hope is a borough in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 2,612 at the 2020 census. New Hope is located approximately 30 mi (48 km) north of Philadelphia, and lies on the west bank of the Delaware River at its confluence with Aquetong Creek. New Hope and neighboring Solebury and Upper Makefield townships are part of the Philadelphia metropolitan area. The two-lane New Hope–Lambertville Bridge carries automobile and foot traffic across the Delaware to Lambertville, New Jersey, on the east bank. New Hope's primary industry is tourism.
Diastrophus rubi
Diastrophus rubi is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae that live on the stems of bramble (Rubus species). The insect was first described by the German entomologist Peter Friedrich Bouché in 1834 and is found in Europe.

Rubus
Rubus is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae, most commonly known as brambles. Fruits of various species are known as raspberries, blackberries, dewberries, and bristleberries. It is a diverse genus, with the estimated number of Rubus species varying from 250 to over 1000, found across all continents except Antarctica.

Most of these plants have woody stems with prickles like roses; spines, bristles, and gland-tipped hairs are also common in the genus. The Rubus fruit, sometimes called a bramble fruit, is an aggregate of drupelets. The term cane fruit or cane berry applies to any Rubus species or hybrid which is commonly grown with supports such as wires or canes, including raspberries, blackberries, and hybrids such as loganberry, boysenberry, marionberry and tayberry. The stems of such plants are also referred to as canes.