hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hermann Ernst Freund
Hermann Ernst Freund (15 October 1786 – 30 June 1840) was a German-born Danish sculptor of the Danish Golden Age. Trained at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, he spent about a decade in Rome as one of Bertel Thorvaldsen’s closest collaborators before becoming professor of sculpture in Copenhagen. Freund is particularly known for his sculptures inspired by Nordic mythology, including a series of statuettes of Norse gods, the large Ragnarok frieze designed for Christiansborg Palace and a number of grave monuments and portrait busts in a refined classical style.

Church of Our Lady, Copenhagen
The Church of Our Lady (Danish: Vor Frue Kirke) is the Lutheran cathedral of Copenhagen. It is situated on the Frue Plads public square in central Copenhagen, next to the historic main building of the University of Copenhagen.

The present-day version of the church was designed by the architect Christian Frederik Hansen (1756–1845) in the Neoclassical style and was completed in 1829.
Carnero Lake
Carnero Lake is a high elevation shallow lake in Apache County, Arizona. Built in 1979, the lake quickly became popular with anglers, to the dismay of downstream water users. Because of the dispute, the Arizona Game and Fish discontinued stocking for many years. In 1999, the Arizona Game and Fish has acquired a major share of the water rights, setting the stage for a new and vigorous trout fishery.

Tiger trout
The tiger trout (Salmo trutta × Salvelinus fontinalis) is a sterile, intergeneric hybrid of the brown trout (Salmo trutta) and the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Pronounced vermiculations in the fish's patterning gave rise to its name, evoking the stripes of a tiger. Tiger trout are a rare anomaly in the wild, as the parent species are relatively distantly related, being members of different genera and possessing mismatched numbers of chromosomes. However, specialized hatchery rearing techniques are able to produce tiger trout reliably enough to meet the demands of stocking programs.
Jacques Bidet
Jacques Bidet (French: [bidɛ]; born 1935) is a French philosopher and social theorist who is currently professor emeritus in the Philosophy Department at the Université de Paris X - Nanterre.

His works are mainly devoted to the construction of a theory of modern society under the name of Meta/structural theory (théorie méta/structurelle). Modern nation-states, as elements of world system, are structured on both market and organisation, supposedly rational mediations, as co-implied class factors. The philosophical, sociological, historical, legal-political and cultural aspects of this paradigm are developed in the sense of an Altermarxism, by contrast with classical Marxism.

In 1989, he founded with Jacques Texier the journal Actuel Marx (Presses Universitaires de France), and in 1995, the Congrès Marx International (Université de Paris X - Nanterre).

Social theory
Social theories are analytical frameworks, or paradigms, that are used to study and interpret social phenomena. A tool used by social scientists, social theories relate to historical debates over the validity and reliability of different methodologies (e.g. positivism and antipositivism), the primacy of either structure or agency, as well as the relationship between contingency and necessity. Social theory in an informal nature, or authorship based outside of academic social and political science, may be referred to as "social criticism" or "social commentary", or "cultural criticism" and may be associated both with formal cultural and literary scholarship, as well as other non-academic or journalistic forms of writing.
1960–61 New York Rangers season
The 1960–61 New York Rangers season was the franchise's 35th season. The Rangers finished in fifth place in the regular season with 54 points, and did not qualify for the NHL playoffs for the third year in a row for the first time since the 1952–53 season 1954–55 season.

1954–55 New York Rangers season
The 1954–55 New York Rangers season was the franchise's 29th season. The season saw the Rangers finish in fifth place in the National Hockey League with a record of 17 wins, 35 losses, and 18 ties for 52 points, and miss the playoffs for the fifth year in a row for the first time since the 1944–45 season and the 1946–47 season.
1990 Canadian Open – Women's doubles
Gigi Fernández and Robin White  were the defending champions, but chose not to participate not to participate. Betsy Nagelsen and Gabriela Sabatini won the title, defeating Helen Kelesi and Raffaella Reggi in the finals, 3–6, 6–2, 6–2.

Robin White (tennis)
Robin White (born December 10, 1963) is a former professional tennis player from the United States.

White played on the WTA Tour from 1983 to 1995. She won two singles titles: in Hershey, Pennsylvania, in 1985 and in Auckland in 1992. The highlight of her career was her victory with Gigi Fernández in the US Open women's doubles in 1988. She won 11 other doubles titles, including the US Open mixed doubles in 1989 with Shelby Cannon. She was a finalist in the Australian Open mixed doubles in 1991 and reached the final of the women's doubles in 1994 with Katerina Maleeva.

White's singles record includes wins over Pam Shriver, Hana Mandlíková and Gabriela Sabatini. Her highest rankings were world No. 15 for singles and No. 8 for doubles. She currently is a full-time national coach for women's tennis for the USTA.

She is not related to Anne White, a contemporary on the WTA tour.
Matisia alata
Matisia alata is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae sensu lato or Bombacaceae. Found only in Ecuador, its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Malvaceae
Malvaceae (/mælˈveɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include cacao, cola, cotton, okra, roselle and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea (hollyhock), Malva (mallow), and Tilia (lime or linden tree). The genera with the largest numbers of species include Hibiscus (434 species), Pavonia (291 species), Sida (275 species), Ayenia (216 species), Dombeya (197 species), and Sterculia (181 species).
Lucius Borich
Lucius Borich (born 1971) is an Australian musician, best known as the drummer for the band Cog, and previously the drummer in funk metal band Juice and in The Hanging Tree as well as Floating Me. He currently plays as a member of The Nerve.

Avedis Zildjian Company
The Avedis Zildjian Company, simply known as Zildjian (/ˈzɪldʒən, -dʒiən/), is a musical instrument manufacturer specializing in cymbals and other percussion instruments. Founded by the ethnic Armenian Zildjian family in the 17th-century Ottoman Empire, the company relocated to the United States in the 20th century. Today, it is the largest cymbal and drumstick maker in the world.

The company was founded in Istanbul in 1623 by Avedis Zildjian, an Armenian. Zildjian is now based in Norwell, Massachusetts. Zildjian is the oldest manufacturer of musical instruments in the world as well as one of the oldest continuously operating companies in the world.  Zildjian sells cymbals, drumsticks, percussion mallets and other drum accessories under the Zildjian, Vic Firth and Balter Mallet brands.
Anne Askew
Anne Askew (sometimes spelled Ayscough or Ascue), married name Anne Kyme (1521 – 16 July 1546), was an English writer, poet, and Protestant preacher who was condemned as a heretic during the reign of Henry VIII of England. She and Margaret Cheyne are the only women on record known to have been both tortured in the Tower of London and burnt at the stake.

She is also one of the earliest known female poets to compose in the English language.

Edmund Bonner
Edmund Bonner (also Boner; c. 1500 – 5 September 1569) was Bishop of London from 1539 to 1549 and again from 1553 to 1559. Initially an instrumental figure in the schism of Henry VIII from Rome, he was antagonised by the Protestant reforms introduced by the Duke of Somerset and reconciled himself to Catholicism. He became notorious as "Bloody Bonner" for his role in the persecution of heretics under the Catholic government of Mary I of England, and ended his life as a prisoner under Queen Elizabeth I.
2026 Open Saint-Brieuc – Doubles
Geoffrey Blancaneaux and Gabriel Debru were the defending champions when the tournament was last held in 2024, but only Blancaneaux chose to defend his title, partnering Clément Tabur. They lost in the first round to Arthur Reymond and Luca Sanchez.

Luca Sanchez
Luca Sanchez (born 18 March 1999) is a French tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 86 achieved on 29 January 2024 and a singles ranking of No. 1875 achieved on 4 January 2021.
Convent of São Gonçalo (Angra do Heroísmo)
The Convent of São Gonçalo is a Baroque-era convent and church in the historical centre of the city of Angra, civil parish of Sé, municipality of Angra do Heroísmo on the Portuguese island of Terceira, in the Azores.

It is considered one of the oldest convents in the archipelago, historically housing hundreds of Clarisse sisters, and boasting a reputation for education and fine arts in the Azores, that included classes in music, choral, design, painting and the humanities.

Sé (Angra do Heroísmo)
Sé is a parish in the municipality of Angra do Heroísmo on the island of Terceira in the Azores. The population in 2011 was 955, in an area of 1.65 km². It is one of the smallest parishes in Angra do Heroísmo.
Richard J. Simpson
Richard Simpson is a professor in the department of biochemistry at La Trobe University (Melbourne, Australia). He is the inaugural and current president of the Australasian Proteomics Society and a past treasurer of the Human Proteome Organization. Simpson was elected Honorary Member of the American Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in 1996, awarded the AMRAD Pharmacia Medal from the Australian Society for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and was an elected councillor of the Protein Society (1993-1996). In 1995, Simpson was elected Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering and in 2001 was awarded the Centenary Medal "For service to Australian society in research and development".

Human Proteome Organization
The Human Proteome Organization (HUPO) is an international consortium of national proteomics research associations, government researchers, academic institutions, and industry partners. The organization was launched in February 2001, and it promotes the development and awareness of proteomics research, advocates on behalf of proteomics researchers throughout the world, and facilitates scientific collaborations between members and initiatives. Ultimately, it is organized to gain a better and more complete understanding of the human proteome.
2014 Macedonian government building attack
On the night of 28 October 2014 at around 22:00, the Macedonian government building was attacked with two projectiles, damaging the walls and roof of the building. No casualties were reported. Speculations have occurred that the event was linked to the then recent proclamation of the so-called Republic of Ilirida. The government building was also attacked by RPG rounds in 2007. A movement calling itself the National Liberation Army (NLA), a militant organization that fought against the Macedonian government during the 2001 insurgency in Macedonia, claimed responsibly for the attack. In a press release published by Alsat, and signed by Commander Kushtrim, the organization claimed that the Hasan Prishtina elite force hit the government building in a coordinated action. The organization claims it is "discontented" with the 2001 Ohrid Agreement peace plan, and the following year a battle would erupt in the city of Kumanovo between the NLA and Macedonian security forces.

Ohrid Agreement (2001)
The Ohrid Framework Agreement (Macedonian: Охридски рамковен договор, romanized: Ohridski ramkoven dogovor, Albanian: Marrëveshja e Ohrit) was the peace deal signed by the government of the Republic of Macedonia (now North Macedonia) and representatives of the Albanian minority on 13 August 2001. The agreement was signed by the country's four political parties after international mediators demanded their commitment to its ratification and implementation within a four-year period.
German submarine U-90 (1941)
German submarine U-90 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

She was laid down at the Flender Werke in Lübeck as yard number 294 on 1 October 1940, launched on 25 October 1941 and commissioned on 20 December with Oberleutnant zur See Hans-Jürgen Oldörp in command.

After training with the 8th U-boat Flotilla, U-90 was assigned to the 9th flotilla on 1 July 1942 for operations. She was a member of one wolfpack in a patrol in which she was sunk by a Canadian warship.

8th U-boat Flotilla
The 8th U-boat Flotilla (German 8. Unterseebootsflottille) was formed in June 1941 in Königsberg under the command of Kapitänleutnant Georg-Wilhelm Schulz, who also at this time commanded the 6th U-boat Flotilla in Danzig. It was primarily a training flotilla but in the last months of the war some flotilla boats were in combat against the Soviet Navy in the Baltic Sea. The flotilla was disbanded in January 1945.
Myint Aung (politician, born 1959)
Myint Aung (Burmese: မြင့်အောင်) is a Burmese politician and political prisoner who currently serves as a Magway Region Hluttaw member of parliament for Kamma Township. In the 1990 Burmese general election, he was elected as an Pyithu Hluttaw MP, winning a majority of 28,340 (72% of the votes), but was never allowed to assume his seat.

1990 Myanmar general election
General elections were held in Myanmar on 27 May 1990, the first multi-party elections since 1960, after which the country had been ruled by a military dictatorship. The elections were for a constitutional committee to draft a new constitution.

The result was a landslide victory for Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy (NLD), which won 392 of the 492 seats. However, the military junta refused to recognise the results and continued ruling the country until 2011. Voter turnout was 73%.
Iris subg. Scorpiris
Iris subg. Scorpiris, commonly called Juno, is a subgenus of Iris, representing the smooth-bulbed bulbous irises. For a while it was an independent genus Juno Tratt. in some classifications.

There are around 60 different species of Juno irises, making it the largest group of bulbous irises.
They generally have thick fleshy storage roots (between a few and to several) under a fleshy-like bulb. Most are native to the Middle East and Central Asia (excluding China). There is a single Mediterranean species, Iris planifolia.

All the species are dormant in summer and then grow leaves in mid-winter or early spring.

Many of the bulbs produce scented flowers. Most bulbs are not frost hardy and are best grown in a bulb frame or alpine house.

It consists of a single section, Scorpiris.

Leopold Trattinnick
Leopold Trattinnick (26 May 1764 in Klosterneuburg – 24 January 1849 in Vienna) was an Austrian botanist and mycologist. He was a curator of the Royal Natural History collection in Vienna. He published several mycological and other botanical works. Most of these works were illustrated with engravings and many of them were hand coloured (pre-colour printing). He also gave out collections of wax replicas of species of fungi and later sponges.
Chyornoye Ozero
Chyornoye Ozero (Russian: Чёрное озеро) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Chyornoye Ozero, Republic of Bashkortostan, a village in Yevbulyaksky Selsoviet of Askinsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan.

Chyornoye Ozero, Republic of Khakassia, a selo in Chernoozerny Selsoviet of Shirinsky District of the Republic of Khakassia.

Chyornoye Ozero, Mari El Republic, a settlement in Chernoozersky Rural Okrug of Zvenigovsky District of the Mari El Republic.

Chyornoye Ozero, Republic of Tatarstan, a village in Nurlatsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan.

Zvenigovsky District
Zvenigovsky District (Russian: Звени́говский райо́н; Meadow Mari: Провой кундем, Provoj kundem) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fourteen in the Mari El Republic, Russia. It is located in the south of the republic. The area of the district is 2,748 square kilometers (1,061 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Zvenigovo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 44,976, with the population of Zvenigovo accounting for 26.6% of that number.
Amethyst (Steven Universe)
Amethyst is a fictional character from the animated television series Steven Universe, created by Rebecca Sugar. She is voiced by Michaela Dietz.

Based on the gemstone amethyst, she is a Gem, a fictional alien being that exists as a magical gemstone projecting a holographic body, and one of the four "Crystal Gems", a group of Gems who defend Earth. Her story arcs throughout the series mostly focus on overcoming her low self-esteem, mostly caused by her feeling inferior to other Gems.

Amethyst
Amethyst is a violet variety of quartz. Ancient Greeks wore amethyst and carved drinking vessels from it in the belief that it would prevent intoxication. Amethyst, a semiprecious stone, is often used in jewelry. It occurs mostly in association with calcite, quartz, smoky quartz, hematite, pyrite, fluorite, goethite, agate, and chalcedony.
Premotor cortex
The premotor cortex is an area of the motor cortex lying within the frontal lobe of the brain just anterior to the primary motor cortex. It occupies part of Brodmann area 6. It has been studied mainly in primates, including monkeys and humans.

The functions of the premotor cortex are diverse and not fully understood. It projects directly to the spinal cord and therefore may play a role in the direct control of behavior, with a relative emphasis on the trunk muscles of the body. It may also play a role in planning movement, in the spatial guidance of movement, in the sensory guidance of movement, in understanding the actions of others, and in using abstract rules to perform specific tasks. Different subregions of the premotor cortex have different properties and presumably emphasize different functions. Nerve signals generated in the premotor cortex cause much more complex patterns of movement than the discrete patterns generated in the primary motor cortex.

Torso
The torso or trunk is the central part, or the core, of the body of many animals (including human beings), from which the head, neck, limbs, tail and other appendages extend.

The tetrapod torso — including that of a human — can be divided into segments:

The chest or upper torso.  This section is also called the thorax or the thoracic region.  This is where the forelimbs extend.

The abdomen.  The abdomenal section is also known as the "mid-section" or midriff.

The pelvis and perineum.

Sometimes the pelvic, perineal, and abdomenal regions are grouped together and called the lower torso.

The hindlimbs extend from the lower torso.

The back is also part of the torso.
Zvërnec
Zvërnec (Albanian definite form: Zvërneci; Greek: Σβέρνιτσα, Svérnitsa) is a community in Vlorë County, Albania. Following the 2015 local government reform, it became part of the municipality of Vlorë. The settlement lies northwest of the city of Vlorë.

It is populated by members of the local Greek minority, who speak a distinctive northern Greek dialect, as well as Aromanians.

Definiteness
In linguistics, definiteness is a semantic feature of noun phrases that distinguishes between referents or senses that are identifiable in a given context (definite noun phrases) and those that are not (indefinite noun phrases). The prototypical definite noun phrase picks out a unique, familiar, specific referent such as the sun or Australia, as opposed to indefinite examples like an idea or some fish.

There is considerable variation in the expression of definiteness across languages, and some languages such as Japanese do not generally mark it, so the same expression can be definite in some contexts and indefinite in others. In other languages, such as English, it is usually marked by the selection of determiner (e.g., the vs. a). Still other languages, such as Danish, mark definiteness morphologically by changing the noun itself (e.g. Danish en mand (a man), manden (the man)).
Hermann Collitz
Hermann Collitz (February 4, 1855 – May 13, 1935) was a German and American historical linguist and Indo-Europeanist. He emigrated from Germany to the United States in 1886, taking a position at the newly founded Bryn Mawr College, where he stayed for 20 years. In 1907 he left for the Johns Hopkins University, where he taught until his retirement in 1927. His career interests covered the historical phonology and morphology of Indo-European languages. An advocate for American linguistics to his European colleagues, Collitz was among the 27 signers of the call to form the Linguistic Society of America, and was elected its first president. That same year he was elected president of the Modern Language Association, serving in both roles simultaneously.

Historical linguistics
Historical linguistics, also known as diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of how languages change over time. It seeks to understand the nature and causes of linguistic change and to trace the evolution of languages. Historical linguistics involves several key areas of study, including the reconstruction of ancestral languages, the classification of languages into families, (comparative linguistics) and the analysis of the cultural and social influences on language development.

This field is grounded in the uniformitarian principle, which posits that the processes of language change observed today were also at work in the past, unless there is clear evidence to suggest otherwise. Historical linguists aim to describe and explain changes in individual languages, explore the history of speech communities, and study the origins and meanings of words (etymology).
Welby baronets
The Welby baronetcy, of Denton Manor in the County of Lincoln, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom.

It was created on 27 June 1801 for William Welby, Member of Parliament for Grantham from 1802 to 1806.

The second and third Baronets also represented this constituency in the House of Commons. The fourth Baronet sat as Conservative Member of Parliament for Grantham and Lincolnshire South. He assumed by royal licence the additional surname of Gregory in 1876. However, none of his successors have held this surname. The fifth Baronet represented Newark in Parliament as a Conservative.

Denton, Lincolnshire
Denton is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. The population of the civil parish was 273 at the 2011 census. It is situated approximately 3 miles (5 km) both south-west of Grantham and west from the A1 road.