hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Regionstog
Regionstog A/S was a Danish railway company responsible for train operation on three private railway lines in Region Zealand: the Tølløse Line, the East Line and the Lolland Line. It was established in 2009 when Vestsjællands Lokalbaner A/S, Østbanen and Lollandsbanen A/S where merged. It merged with Lokalbanen A/S in 2015 to form the railway company Lokaltog A/S. Regionstog had administrative offices in Maribo and Holbæk.

Maribo
Maribo is a town in Lolland Municipality in Region Sjælland on the island of Lolland in south Denmark. It was the municipal seat of the former Maribo Municipality, until 1 January 2007, and then it became the seat of the current Lolland Municipality.

The merchant town of Maribo is located centrally on Lolland. Its population is 5,786 (1 January 2025). It has, among other facilities, a gymnasium (Secondary school), a public international school, an open-air museum and a cultural heritage museum.

A brewery, "Maribo Bryghus" used to be located in the town, but it was closed down in 2008 by its owner, Unibrew. Beer labeled "Maribo Øl" is still available, but it is brewed elsewhere.
1972 National Society of Film Critics Awards
The 7th National Society of Film Critics Awards, given on 29 December 1972, honored the best filmmaking of 1972.

The member critics voting were Hollis Alpert of World, Gary Arnold of The Washington Post, Vincent Canby of The New York Times, Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times, Jay Cocks of Time, Judith Crist of New York, David Denby of The Atlantic, Bernard Drew of the Gannett News Service, Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times, Joseph Gelmis of Newsday, Penelope Gilliatt of The New Yorker, Roger Greenspun of The New York Times, Molly Haskell of The Village Voice, Pauline Kael of The New Yorker, Michael Korda of Glamour, Arthur Knight of Saturday Review, Thomas Meehan of Saturday Review, William S. Pechter of Commentary, Andrew Sarris of The Village Voice, Richard Schickel of Life, Bruce Williamson of Playboy, and Paul D. Zimmerman of Newsweek.

Arthur Knight (film critic)
Arthur Knight (1916–1991) was an American film critic, film historian, professor, and television host.

His book The Liveliest Art, first published in 1957, is a history of the cinema used as a textbook at colleges and universities throughout the world.
Fred Nicholas
Frederick William Herbert Nicholas (25 July 1893 – 20 October 1962) was an English first-class cricketer who played for Essex County Cricket Club in a first-class career that spanned from 1912 to 1929. He toured South Africa with S. B. Joel's team in 1924–25.

Nicholas also played association football as a forward for Great Britain at the 1920 Olympics and for the Corinthian club, for whom he scored 28 goals in 54 appearances.

The cricketer and broadcaster Mark Nicholas is his grandson.

S. B. Joel's cricket team in South Africa in 1924–25
S. B. Joel's XI was a team of English cricketers that toured South Africa between November 1924 and February 1925 and played 14 first-class matches and seven other games. The tour was an unofficial one: an official tour of Australia organised by the Marylebone Cricket Club took place at the same time.

The tour was financed by the South African cricket authorities with assistance from the wealthy Anglo-South African financier Solomon Joel; at the time, it was generally referred to as "the Hon. L. H. Tennyson's XI" after the team's captain, Lionel Tennyson.
Epi-convergence
In mathematical analysis, epi-convergence is a type of convergence for real-valued and extended real-valued functions.

Epi-convergence is important because it is the appropriate notion of convergence with which to approximate minimization problems in the field of mathematical optimization. The symmetric notion of hypo-convergence is appropriate for maximization problems. Mosco convergence is a generalization of epi-convergence to infinite dimensional spaces.

Mathematical analysis
Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.

These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis.
Analysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects  (a metric space).
New York State Office of Addiction Services and Supports
The Office of Addiction Services and Supports (OASAS) is an agency of the New York state government overseeing addiction prevention, treatment, recovery, and harm reduction services across New York. It is part of the pro forma Department of Mental Hygiene along with the Office of Mental Health (OMH) and Office for People With Developmental Disabilities (OPWDD).

It regulates and funds a statewide network of certified providers, operates 12 state-run treatment centers, and serves over 700,000 individuals annually. OASAS sets standards for addiction care, distributes state and federal funding, and coordinates strategic initiatives to address substance use and problem gambling, including programs for underserved populations, harm reduction outreach, and peer-based recovery support.

Pro forma
The term pro forma (Latin for "as a matter of form" or "for the sake of form") is most often used to describe a practice or document that is provided as a courtesy or satisfies minimum requirements, conforms to a norm or doctrine and tends to be performed perfunctorily or is considered a formality. The term is used in legal and business fields to refer to various types of documents that are generated as a matter of course.
Maligatenna Raja Maha Vihara
Maligatenna Raja Maha Vihara (Sinhala: මාලිගාතැන්න රජ මහා විහාරය/මාලිගාතැන්න ආරණ්‍ය සේනාසනය) is an ancient Cave temple located in Malwatuhiripitiya village, Gampaha District, Sri Lanka. The temple is located on the Gampaha-Wathurugama Road and approximately 1.6 km (0.99 mi) away from the ancient temple Pilikuththuwa Raja Maha Vihara.

Currently this temple has been recognized as an archaeological protected site in Gampaha District by Archaeological department.

Gampaha
Gampaha (Sinhala: ගම්පහ [ˈɡamːpaha]; Tamil: கம்பஹா [kambahaː]) is an urban city in Gampaha District, Western Province, Sri Lanka. It is situated to the north-east of the capital Colombo. It is the sixth largest urban area in Western Province, after Colombo, Negombo, Kalutara, Panadura and Avissawella. Gampaha is also the second largest municipal centre in Gampaha district, after Negombo.
Radio Flyer
Radio Flyer is an American toy company best known for its popular red toy wagon. Radio Flyer also produces scooters, tricycles, bicycles, horses, and ride-ons. The company was founded in 1917 and is based in Chicago, Illinois.

Guglielmo Marconi
Guglielmo Giovanni Maria Marconi, 1st Marquess (25 April 1874 – 20 July 1937), was an Italian radio-frequency engineer, inventor, and politician known for his creation of a practical radio wave-based wireless telegraph system. This led to his being largely credited as the inventor of radio and sharing the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics with Ferdinand Braun "in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy."
His work laid the foundation for the development of radio, television, and all modern wireless communication systems.

As an entrepreneur and a businessman, Marconi founded The Wireless Telegraph & Signal Company (later the Marconi Company) in the United Kingdom in 1897. In 1929, he was ennobled as a marquess (Italian: marchese) by King Victor Emmanuel III. In 1931, he set up Vatican Radio for Pope Pius XI.
John Mulroy (footballer)
John Mulroy (born 27 December 1989) is an Irish former footballer who played as a forward for Bray Wanderers and Athlone Town. He scored in the semi-final of the 2009 FAI Cup. He was Bray's youngest ever player to score in a first-team match.

Bray Wanderers F.C.
Bray Wanderers Football Club are an Irish association football club playing in the League of Ireland First Division. The club in its present form was founded in 1942 in Bray, and was known until 2010 as Bray Wanderers A.F.C. It was elected to the league in 1985, and plays its home matches at the Carlisle Grounds. The club colours are green and white, and it goes by the nickname "The Seagulls".
William Newton Monroe
William Newton Monroe (1841–1935) was a school teacher, banker, hotel manager, mayor, council member, real estate developer, broker, railroad contractor and railroad superintendent and a  founder of the city of Monrovia, California.

In 1875 Lucky Baldwin's Los Angeles Investment Company began subdividing and selling parcels from many of his ranchos. In 1883, 240 acres (970,000 m²) of Rancho Santa Anita were sold to William Monroe for $30,000. Additional parcels of Rancho Santa Anita were sold to Edward F. Spence, John D. Bicknell, James F. Crank, and Jeremiah F. Falvey.  The men then joined their properties to form the Monrovia Tract with the first subdivision being the Town of Monrovia.

In 1935 Monroe died at the age of 94. He is buried in Live Oak Memorial Park on Duarte Road in Monrovia.

Crank House
Crank House, also known as Fair Oaks Ranch, is an 1883 Victorian style residence in Pasadena, Los Angeles County, California. The house was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 for its association with the early settlement of Pasadena. (site #97000751). The house has notably featured in films such as Hocus Pocus (Allison's house interior shots), Matilda (Trunchbull's house), Scream 2 (Omega Beta Zeta sorority house) and Catch Me If You Can (Roger Strong's house).
Fir Hills Seri Pak Championship
The Fir Hills Seri Pak Championship was a women's professional golf tournament held in Los Angeles, California, United States as part of the LPGA Tour. A new event in 2018, it was played at Wilshire Country Club.

In Hancock Park, south of Hollywood and six miles (10 km) northwest of downtown, Wilshire was founded 106 years ago in 1919 and hosted the Los Angeles Open on the PGA Tour four times.

In 2023, the tournament moved to Palos Verdes Golf Club in Los Angeles and the purse increased to $1,750,000.

2018 LPGA Tour
The 2018 LPGA Tour is a series of professional golf tournaments for elite female golfers from around the world. The season begins in Bahamas on January 25 and ends on November 18 at the Tiburón Golf Club in Naples, Florida. The tournaments are sanctioned by the United States–based Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA).
Chojnice, Wałcz County
Chojnice [kɔˈlɔɲa xɔi̯ˈnit͡sɛ] is a former settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Mirosławiec, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Wałcz County
Wałcz County (Polish: powiat wałecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Wałcz, which lies 127 kilometres (79 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin. The county contains three other towns: Mirosławiec, 27 km (17 mi) west of Wałcz, Człopa, 31 km (19 mi) south-west of Wałcz, and Tuczno, 25 km (16 mi) south-west of Wałcz.

The county covers an area of 1,414.79 square kilometres (546.3 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 54,639, out of which the population of Wałcz is 26,140, that of Mirosławiec is 2,633, that of Człopa is 2,390, that of Tuczno is 1,965, and the rural population is 21,511.
WITN-TV
WITN-TV (channel 7) is a television station licensed to Washington, North Carolina, United States, serving Eastern North Carolina as an affiliate of NBC and MyNetworkTV. Owned by Gray Media, the station has primary studio facilities on East Arlington Boulevard in Greenville, with an additional studio in New Bern. Its transmitter is located in Grifton Township along NC 118.

Pitt County, North Carolina
Pitt County is a county located in the Inner Banks region of the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 170,243, making it the 14th-most populous county in North Carolina. Its county seat is Greenville.

Pitt County comprises the Greenville, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is a component of the wider Greenville–Washington, NC CSA.
The House of the Deaf Woman and the Belfry at Eragny
The House of the Deaf Woman and the Belfry at Eragny is an 1886 oil painting by French artist Camille Pissarro, located in the Indianapolis Museum of Art, which is in Indianapolis, Indiana. It is a view of Pissarro's neighbor's yard in Eragny, created during his brief period of experimentation with pointillism.

Éragny, Val-d'Oise
Éragny (French pronunciation: [eʁaɲi] ⓘ; sometimes unofficially called Éragny-sur-Oise pronounced [e.ʁa.ɲi.sy.ʁwaz]) is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 26.3 km (16.3 mi) from the centre of Paris, in the "new town" of Cergy-Pontoise, Val-d'Oise, created in the 1960s.
Poroshenko (surname)
Poroshenko (Ukrainian: Пороше́нко) is a Ukrainian surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Petro Poroshenko (born 1965), Ukrainian politician and former President of Ukraine

Maryna Poroshenko (born 1962), wife of Petro, former First Lady of Ukraine
Oleksiy Poroshenko (born 1985), Ukrainian politician

First Lady of Ukraine
First Lady of Ukraine (Ukrainian: перша пані України, romanized: persha pani Ukrainy or перша леді України, persha ledi Ukrainy) is the unofficial title attributed to the wife of the president of Ukraine.
Staples River
The Staples River is a river in Kawartha Lakes in Central Ontario, Canada. It is in the Great Lakes Basin and is a tributary of Balsam Lake. The river is 18 kilometres (11 mi) long and has a watershed of 4,792 hectares (11,840 acres).

The river begins at an unnamed confluence of streams, northwest of the community of Grasshill in geographic Eldon Township, and flows northeast to its mouth at the West Bay on Balsam Lake in geographic Fenelon Township, at the summit of the Trent–Severn Waterway.

Township (Canada)
The term township, in Canada, is generally a district or area associated with a town or other locality. The specific use of the term to describe political subdivisions has varied across the country, usually to describe a local rural or semirural government.

In Eastern Canada, a township is one form of the subdivision of a county. In Quebec, the term is canton in French.
Dee Mackey
Dee Elbert Mackey (October 16, 1934 – February 26, 2001) was an American professional football tight end who played six seasons in the National Football League (NFL) and the American Football League (AFL). He played for the NFL's San Francisco 49ers (1960) and the Baltimore Colts (1961–1962). He played for the AFL's New York Jets (1963–1965).

He played college football at East Texas State and was a 24th round selection (287th overall pick) in the 1958 NFL draft.

Baltimore Colts
The Baltimore Colts were a professional American football team based in Baltimore from 1953 to 1983, when its owner Robert Irsay moved the franchise to Indianapolis. The team was named for Baltimore's history of horse breeding and racing. It was the second incarnation of the Baltimore Colts, the first having played for three years in the All-America Football Conference and one in the National Football League (NFL). The Baltimore Colts played their home games at Memorial Stadium.
Cox's Cave
Cox's Cave is in Cheddar Gorge on the Mendip Hills, in Somerset, England. It is open to the public as a show cave.

The cave is named after mill owner George Cox who discovered it in 1837, while quarrying limestone for a new building. 
Cox immediately opened it as a show cave the following year and ran it as a private enterprise until the landowner, Thomas Thynne, 5th Marquess of Bath, took it over at the beginning of the 20th century. It was connected by a tunnel to the adjacent artificial Pavey's Cave in 1987.

The cave consists of seven small grottoes, joined by low archways. One section of the cave is known as the Home of the Rainbow, where traces of minerals have been brought in from the surface, and have given the stalagmites a wide range of colour, from nearly black, green, and orange to pure white. The famous French speleologist Édouard-Alfred Martel visited this cave and declared that "out of 600 caves, Cox's was admired the most".

Speleology
Speleology (from Ancient Greek  σπήλαιον (spḗlaion) 'cave' and  -λογία (-logía) 'study of') is the scientific study of caves and other karst features, as well as their composition, structure, physical properties, history, ecology, and the processes by which they form (speleogenesis) and change over time (speleomorphology). The term speleology is also sometimes applied to the recreational activity of exploring caves, but this is more properly known as caving, potholing (British English), or spelunking (United States and Canadian English). Speleology and caving are often connected, as the physical skills required for in situ study are the same.

Speleology is a cross-disciplinary field that combines the knowledge of chemistry, biology, geology, physics, meteorology, and cartography to develop portraits of caves as complex, evolving systems.
Universe (Masonic Lodge)
The Universe is a liberal Masonic lodge operating under the jurisdiction of the Grand Orient of Poland. Established in 2019 in Warsaw, it represents the first English-speaking Masonic lodge in Poland to admit candidates and visitors irrespective of their gender and ethnicity. The Lodge promotes the Freemasonic values of liberty, equality, and fraternity, welcoming all Freemasons regardless of background. Its primary mission is to serve as a safe harbour for worldwide Freemasons seeking the craft in Poland.

Freedom of conscience
Freedom of conscience is the freedom of an individual to act upon their moral beliefs. In particular, it often refers to the freedom to not do something one is normally obliged, ordered or expected to do. An individual exercising this freedom may be called a conscientious objector.

The right to freedom of conscience is recognized by several international conventions, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights. It is distinct from but closely related to freedom of thought, freedom of expression and freedom of religion.
Wallend Glacier
Wallend Glacier is a deeply entrenched glacier which drains eastward from Forbidden Plateau to join Green Glacier in northern Graham Land. Surveyed by Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1955. So named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) because the glacier is walled in on three sides by the escarpment of Forbidden Plateau.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Wallend Glacier". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

64°58′S 62°13′W﻿ / ﻿64.967°S 62.217°W﻿ / -64.967; -62.217

Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition
The Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE) was an aerial survey of the Falkland Islands Dependencies and the Antarctic Peninsula which took place in the 1955–56 and 1956–57 southern summers.

Funded by the Colonial Office and organized by Peter Mott, the survey was carried out by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd.  The expedition was based at Deception Island and utilized the Oluf Sven, two Canso flying-boats, and several helicopters.

The photographic collection, held by the British Antarctic Survey as the United Kingdom Antarctic Mapping Centre, comprises about 12,800 frames taken on 26,700 kilometers of ground track.
Lentibacillus salarius
Lentibacillus salarius is a Gram-positive, spore-forming and moderately halophilic bacterium from the genus of Lentibacillus which has been isolated from  saline sediments from the Xinjiang Province.

Lentibacillus salarius grows optimally in environments with moderate salt concentrations, reflecting its adaptation to saline habitats. It has been reported to tolerate sodium chloride levels up to around 20%, which allows it to survive in salt lakes and saline soils. Like other members of the genus Lentibacillus, it plays a role in microbial communities of hypersaline ecosystems, contributing to nutrient cycling under extreme conditions.

Halophile
A halophile (from the Greek word for 'salt-loving') is an extremophile that thrives in high salt concentrations. In chemical terms, halophile refers to a Lewis acidic species that has some ability to extract halides from other chemical species.

While most halophiles are classified into the domain Archaea, there are also bacterial halophiles and some eukaryotic species, such as the alga Dunaliella salina and fungus Wallemia ichthyophaga. Some well-known species give off a red color from carotenoid compounds, notably bacteriorhodopsin.

Halophiles can be found in water bodies with salt concentration more than five times greater than that of the ocean, such as the Great Salt Lake in Utah, Owens Lake in California, the Lake Urmia in Iran, the Dead Sea, and in evaporation ponds. They are theorized to be a possible analogues for modeling extremophiles that might live in the salty subsurface water ocean of Jupiter's Europa and similar moons.
RFA Brown Ranger
RFA Brown Ranger (A169) was a Ranger-class fleet support tanker of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary. During the Second World War she played an important role in the Malta Convoys and in Pacific operations. From 24 to 30 September 1941 Brown Ranger was deployed as part of Force S in Operation Halberd, refuelling the ships of convoy WS 11X, en route from the Clyde to Malta via Gibraltar. Brown Ranger deployed again from Gibraltar on 16 November 1941 as part of Operation Chieftain, returning on 18 November. On 11 June 1942 she was part of Force Y in Operation Harpoon, supplying the escorts of convoy WS 19Z.

She also saw service during the Korean War, from 25 June 1950 to 27 July 1953, along with 18 other Royal Fleet Auxiliary vessels and was awarded the battle honour Korea 1950–52.

She was scrapped at Gijón on 28 May 1975.

Operation Harpoon (1942)
Operation Harpoon (Battle of Pantelleria (Battaglia di Mezzo Giugno [Battle of mid-June]) was part of Operation Julius, two simultaneous Allied convoys sent to supply Malta in the Axis-dominated central Mediterranean Sea in mid-June 1942, during the Second World War.

Operation Vigorous was a west-bound convoy from Alexandria and Operation Harpoon was an east-bound convoy from Gibraltar. Vigorous was driven back by the battle fleet of the Regia Marina after massed attacks by Axis aircraft. Two of the six ships in the Harpoon convoy completed the journey, at the cost of several Allied warships.

News of the two operations had been unwittingly revealed to the Axis by the US Military Attaché in Egypt, Colonel Bonner Fellers, who had been submitting detailed military reports on British activities to Washington. The American code was later revealed by Ultra intercepts to have been broken by Italian military intelligence (the Servizio Informazioni Militare).