hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Greg Kuzma
Greg Kuzma  (born July 14, 1944 in Rome, New York) is an American poet, essayist, poetry reviewer, and editor, who has written and published more than 30 books. Mostly in the 1970s, more than 300 of his poems were published in the nation's most prestigious journals.  At that time, he founded the Best Cellar Press, under which he produced handset letterpress chapbooks giving other poets who have become some of America's best known poets an early audience, including U.S. Poet Laureate Ted Kooser, Albert Goldbarth, Wendell Berry, Alfred Starr Hamilton and Richard Shelton. The Best Cellar Press was the inspiration for the current Backwaters Press in Omaha. In the 1970s, Kuzma also founded the pioneering and influential literary magazine, Pebble. As an author, he has been largely collected by libraries worldwide.

Alfred Starr Hamilton
Alfred Starr Hamilton (June 14, 1914 – 2005) was an American poet, who contributed to many small presses, including Epoch, New Directions, Foxfire, New Letters, Archive, Poetry Now, American Poetry Review and Greenfield Review.  His work has been championed by Jonathan Williams and Ron Silliman and his poetry was included in the first issue of Thomas Merton's Monk's Pond.

The first full-length collection of his poetry (and the only one to appear in Hamilton's lifetime) was The Poems of Alfred Starr Hamilton, was published in 1970 by The Jargon Society as Jargon 49.

A lifelong resident of Montclair, New Jersey, Hamilton attended but never graduated from Montclair High School, and in later years sent frequent and unusual letters to the Montclair Police Department.
Peter Menzies (philosopher)
Peter Charles Menzies (5 Feb 1953 – 6 Feb 2015) was an Australian philosopher and past president of the Australasian Association of Philosophy, who held teaching positions at Macquarie University, University of Sydney, and Australian National University.  He specialized in metaphysics, especially the philosophy of causation. He became a fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities in 2007.

Menzies was a student of Nancy Cartwright at Stanford University where he received his PhD in 1984.

He and philosopher Huw Price developed a version of Agency Theory of Causation, which is statement of manipulability theory of causation.  In this view, human actors play an important role in cause and effect.

Australian Academy of the Humanities
The Australian Academy of the Humanities was established by Royal Charter in 1969 to advance scholarship and public interest in the humanities in Australia. It operates as an independent not-for-profit organisation partly funded by the Australian Government.
2025 England wheelchair rugby league tour of Australia
The 2025 England wheelchair rugby league tour of Australia was a wheelchair rugby league tour of Australia by the England national wheelchair rugby league team. The tour was announced in December 2024 by the International Rugby League, and saw four matches played including a two-game wheelchair rugby league Ashes series contested by the two nations.

England are the defending champions after winning the inaugural Wheelchair Ashes 2–0 in 2019, in addition to beating the North Queensland, Queensland, and New South Wales representative teams, going the whole tour undefeated.

The NRL used the two tests to start and end a four-day festival of wheelchair rugby league which as well as the test matches included the inaugural NRL Wheelchair Championship.

The Ashes were won by England who repeated their feat of 2019, by winning both games against Australia as well as defeating New South Wales and Queensland.

Leeds Rhinos Wheelchair
The Leeds Rhinos Wheelchair Rugby League Football Club are an English wheelchair rugby league club based in Leeds, West Yorkshire. The club competes in the RFL Wheelchair Super League, the top tier of the British rugby league system. The club was established in 2011.
Geography of Montana
Montana is one of the eight Mountain States, located in the north of the region known as the Western United States. It borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east. Wyoming is to the south, Idaho is to the west and southwest, and the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan are to the north, making it the only state to border three Canadian provinces.

With an area of 147,040 square miles (380,800 km2), Montana is slightly larger than Japan. It is the fourth-largest state in the United States after Alaska, Texas, and California, and the largest landlocked state.

Bozeman, Montana
Bozeman (/ˈboʊzmən/ BOHZ-mən) is a city in and the county seat of Gallatin County, Montana, United States. The 2020 United States census put Bozeman's population at 53,293, making it Montana's fourth-largest city. It is the principal city of the Bozeman, Montana, Metropolitan Statistical Area, consisting of all of Gallatin County, with a population of 118,960. It is the second-largest of Montana's statistical areas.
2001 Monte Carlo Masters – Singles
Gustavo Kuerten defeated Hicham Arazi in the final, 6–3, 6–2, 6–4 to win the singles tennis title at the 2001 Monte Carlo Masters.

Cédric Pioline was the defending champion, but lost in the third round to Arazi.

Joan Balcells
Joan Manel Balcells Fornaguera (Catalan pronunciation: [ʒuˈam məˈnɛl βəlˈseʎs fuɾnəˈɣeɾə, ʒuˈam bəlˈseʎs]; born 20 June 1975) is a retired professional tennis player from Spain. He won one ATP Tour singles title in his career and reached the final in Scottsdale in 2002  (losing to Andre Agassi) and the semifinals in 2000 Heineken Open losing to Michael Chang.

Balcells was born in Barcelona, and played for the Spanish Davis Cup team in 2000, winning the doubles rubber (with Àlex Corretja) in the final against Australia. He retired in 2004. Ballcells was considered unusual for a Spanish player, as he possessed a serve and volley game that involved regularly rushing the net. This was not very common in Spanish tennis by the 1990s and early 2000s.
Jackson Creek (Toronto)
Jackson Creek is a watercourse that flows into Lake Ontario near 10th Street, in the New Toronto neighbourhood of Etobicoke, a suburb of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
It is part of the Great Lakes Basin. Its headwaters were approximately five kilometers northwest—north of Bloor Street, near Highway 427. Portions of the watercourse remain above-ground today. The creek is named for Jackson Farm, the historical location of its mouth.

Even though lost, for now, Jackson Creek is a strong candidate for day-lighting with grassroots movements and official proceedings backing the move.

The creek west of Jackson Creek is North Creek, while the creek east of Jackson Creek is Superior Creek.

Daylighting (streams)
Daylighting is the opening up and restoration of a previously buried watercourse, one which had at some point been diverted below ground. Typically, the rationale behind returning the riparian environment of a stream, wash, or river to a more natural above-ground state is to reduce runoff, create habitat for species in need of it, or improve an area's aesthetics. In the United Kingdom, the practice is also known as deculverting.

In addition to its use in urban design and planning the term also refers to the public process of advancing such projects. According to the Planning and Development Department of the City of Berkeley, "A general consensus has developed that protecting and restoring natural creeks' functions is achievable over time in an urban environment while recognizing the importance of property rights."
USS Trenton
Four ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Trenton, after the city of Trenton, New Jersey, site of the Battle of Trenton in the American Revolutionary War.

USS Trenton (1876) was a wooden screw steamer commissioned in 1877 and wrecked at Samoa by a hurricane in 1889.

USS Trenton (CL-11) was a light cruiser initially in service in 1924, seeing some action during World War II, and decommissioned in 1945.

USS Trenton (LPD-14) was an amphibious transport dock commissioned in 1971. It was sold to the Indian Navy in 2007 and renamed INS Jalashwa, meaning "river/sea horse".

USNS Trenton (T-EPF-5) is a Spearhead-class expeditionary fast transport.

USS Trenton (LPD-14)
USS Trenton (LPD-14) was an Austin-class amphibious transport dock, the third ship of the United States Navy to be named for the capital of New Jersey. In 2007, it was sold to the Indian Navy and renamed INS Jalashwa.
Katra Masjid
The Katra Masjid is a former Shia caravanserai, mosque and tomb, in a partial ruinous state, located in the north eastern side of the city of Murshidabad, in the state of West Bengal, India. The complex contains the tomb of its founder, Nawab Murshid Quli Khan, and is one of the largest caravanserais in the Indian subcontinent, with capacity for 700 readers at any one time. Built in 1137 AH (1724/1725 CE), when the early modern Bengal Subah was a major hub of trade in Eurasia, the most striking feature of the structure are the two large corner towers having loopholes for musketry. The structure was significantly damaged by the 1897 Indian earthquake.

The site is a Monument of National Importance, maintained and protected by the Archaeological Survey of India since 1910, and the Government of West Bengal.

Archaeological Survey of India
The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is an Indian government agency that is responsible for archaeological research and the conservation and preservation of cultural historical monuments in the country. It was founded in 1861 by Alexander Cunningham during the British Raj who also became its first Director-General.
São Tomé clingfish
The São Tomé clingfish (Apletodon wirtzi) is a species of marine fish of the family Gobiesocidae (clingfish). It grows to 1.4 cm maximal length. It occurs in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, around the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe between 0 and 3 metres depth. The species was first described in 2007 by Ronald Fricke, its specific name honouring the collector of the type, marine biologist Peter Wirtz of Madeira.

Gobiesocidae
Clingfishes are ray-finned fishes of the family Gobiesocidae, the only family in the suborder Gobiesocoidei of the order Blenniiformes. These fairly small to very small fishes are widespread in tropical and temperate regions, mostly near the coast, but a few species live in deeper seas or fresh water. Most species shelter in shallow reefs or seagrass beds, clinging to rocks, algae and seagrass leaves with their sucking disc, a structure on their chest.

They are generally too small to be of interest to fisheries, although the relatively large Sicyases sanguineus regularly is caught as a food fish, and some of the other species occasionally appear in the marine aquarium trade.
Kallinge
Kallinge is a locality situated in Ronneby Municipality, Blekinge County, Sweden with 4,561 inhabitants in 2010. It is an industrial and garrison town and is situated about 5 km north of Ronneby.

The settlement grew up around an ironworks in the latter half of the 19th century. In early days there was a linear settlement at the east side of Ronnebyån called Kalleberga; given the name of the village, Kallinge.

Since 1944 Kallinge has had an air force base (Blekinge Wing). It is also an airport for civil aircraft called Ronneby Airport.

Ronneby Municipality
Ronneby Municipality (Swedish: Ronneby kommun) is a municipality in Blekinge County in South Sweden in southern Sweden. It borders to Tingsryd Municipality, Emmaboda Municipality, Karlskrona Municipality and Karlshamn Municipality. The town of Ronneby is the seat of the municipality.

The present municipality was created in 1967 through the amalgamation of the City of Ronneby with three surrounding units.
Creen v Wright
Creen v Wright (1875–76) LR 1 CPD 591 is an English contract law and labour law case concerning wrongful dismissal and the appropriate period of reasonable notice to be implied at common law in a contract of employment.

Wrongful dismissal
In law, wrongful dismissal, also called wrongful termination or wrongful discharge, is a situation in which an employee's contract of employment has been terminated by the employer, where the termination breaches one or more terms of the contract of employment, or a statute provision or rule in employment law. Laws governing wrongful dismissal vary according to the terms of the employment contract, as well as under the laws and public policies of the jurisdiction.

A related concept is constructive dismissal in which an employee feels no choice but to resign from employment for reasons that result from the employer's violation of the employee's legal rights.
1992 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 10
The 1992 Tour de France was the 79th edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in San Sebastián in Spain with a prologue individual time trial on 4 July, and Stage 10 occurred on 14 July with a flat stage to Strasbourg. The race finished on the Champs-Élysées in Paris on 26 July.

Valkenburg aan de Geul
Valkenburg aan de Geul (Dutch: [ˈvɑlkə(m)bʏr(ə)x aːn də ˈɣøːl] ⓘ; Limburgish: Valkeberg [ˈvɑl˦əkəˌbæʀ˦əx] ⓘ) is a municipality situated in the southeastern Dutch province of Limburg. The name refers to the central town in the municipality, Valkenburg, and the small river Geul passing through it.
Radical 184
Radical 184 or radical eat (食部) meaning "eat" or "food" is one of the 11 Kangxi radicals (214 radicals in total) composed of 9 strokes.

In the Kangxi Dictionary, there are 403 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.

食 is also the 185th indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China, with the simplified left component form 饣 and its traditional form 飠 listed as its associated indexing components.

Chinese character radicals
A radical (Chinese: 部首; pinyin: bùshǒu; lit. 'section header'), or indexing component, is a visually prominent component of a Chinese character under which the character is traditionally listed in a Chinese dictionary. The radical for a character is typically a semantic component, but it can also be another structural component or an artificially extracted portion of the character. In some cases, the original semantic or phonological connection has become obscure, owing to changes in the meaning or pronunciation of the character over time.

The use of the English term radical is based on an analogy between the structure of Chinese characters and the inflection of words in European languages. Radicals are also sometimes called classifiers, but this name is more commonly applied to the grammatical measure words in Chinese.
Imogolite
Imogolite is an aluminium silicate clay mineral with the chemical formula Al2SiO3(OH)4. It occurs in soils formed from volcanic ash and was first described in 1962 for an occurrence in Uemura, Kumamoto prefecture, Kyushu Region, Japan. Its name originates from the Japanese word imogo, which refers to the brownish yellow soil derived from volcanic ash. It occurs together with allophane, quartz, cristobalite, gibbsite, vermiculite and limonite.

Imogolite consists of a network of nanotubes with an outer diameter of ca. 2 nm and an inner diameter of ca. 1 nm. The tube walls are formed by continuous Al(OH)3 (gibbsite) sheets and orthosilicate anions (O3SiOH groups). Owing to its tubular structure, natural availability, and low toxicity, imogolite has potential applications in polymer composites, fuel gas storage, absorbents, and as a catalyst support in chemical catalysis.

Clay mineral
Clay minerals are hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates (e.g. kaolin, Al2Si2O5(OH)4), sometimes with variable amounts of iron, magnesium, alkali metals, alkaline earths, and other cations found on or near some planetary surfaces.

Clay minerals form in the presence of water and have been important to life, and many theories of abiogenesis involve them. They are important constituents of soils, and have been useful to humans since ancient times in agriculture and manufacturing.
Bessemer Archaeological Site
The Bessemer Archaeological Site is a prehistoric Native American site in Botetourt County, Virginia.  The site was first excavated in 1977 prior to the construction of Virginia Route 220 through the area, and again in 1987 when the roadway was widened.  It included pit hearths, evidence of a large (20 meter by 6 meter) rectangular building, stone tools, and pottery sherds.  Human burial sites were also identified, as was the location of portions of a palisade that probably surrounded the settlement.

The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Botetourt County, Virginia
Botetourt County (/ˈbɒtətɒt/ BOT-ə-tot) is a US county that lies in the Roanoke Region of Virginia. Located in the mountainous portion of the state, the county is bordered by two major ranges, the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains.

Botetourt County was created in 1770 from part of Augusta County and was named for Norborne Berkeley, 4th Baron Botetourt. It originally comprised a vast area, which included the southern portion of present-day West Virginia and all of Kentucky. Portions were set off to form new counties beginning in 1772, until the current borders were established in 1851.

Botetourt County is part of the Roanoke Metropolitan Statistical Area, and the county seat is the town of Fincastle. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 33,596.
The Stellas
The Stellas were a married Canadian country music duo from Whitby, Ontario. They finished in fourth place on the second season of the CMT series Can You Duet in 2009. Their self-titled debut album was released by EMI Music Canada in September 2011. The first single was a cover of the Fairground Attraction's song "Perfect". In July 2014, the duo released "Gravy", which doubles as the first single off their second album. An Irish rock and roll showband  by the same name was active in the sixties releasing a single covering Wooly Bully and "Fortune Teller".

Wooly Bully
"Wooly Bully" is a song originally recorded by rock and roll band Sam the Sham and the Pharaohs in 1964. Based on a standard 12-bar blues progression, it was written by the band's frontman, Domingo "Sam" Samudio. It was released as a single on the small Memphis-based XL label (#906) in 1964 and was picked up in 1965 by MGM. The song was recorded at Sam C. Phillips Recording Studio at 639 Madison Avenue in Memphis, the successor to Phillips' original Sun Studio.
Resinol
Resinol is a skin protectant and topical analgesic that is made by ResiCal Inc. from Orchard Park, New York.  It is an over-the-counter drug that can currently be purchased in 1.25 or 3.3 ounce (35 or 94 g) jars by contacting a local pharmacy's drug wholesaler to order the item or on the Internet. It is an ointment that is beige in color and has a distinctive rubbery scent. It has a tacky consistency and is somewhat difficult to get off undesired body parts it comes into contact with (like one’s fingers after applying it).

Orchard Park, New York
Orchard Park is an incorporated town in Erie County, New York, United States. It is an outer ring suburb southeast of Buffalo. The population was 29,686 at the 2020 census. The town contains a village also named Orchard Park. Orchard Park is one of the Southtowns of Erie County and is best known as the site of Highmark Stadium, home of the Buffalo Bills.
Krynki, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Krynki ([ˈkrɨnki]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brody, within Starachowice County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) south-west of Brody, 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Starachowice, and 44 km (27 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Starachowice County
Starachowice County (Polish: powiat starachowicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Starachowice, which lies 37 kilometres (23 mi) north-east of the regional capital Kielce. The only other town in the county is Wąchock, lying 5 km (3 mi) north-west of Starachowice.

The county covers an area of 523.27 square kilometres (202.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 89,925, out of which the population of Starachowice is 48,646, that of Wąchock is 2,766, and the rural population is 38,513.
Phosphoethanolamine/phosphocholine phosphatase
Phosphoethanolamine/phosphocholine phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.75, PHOSPHO1, 3X11A; systematic name phosphoethanolamine phosphohydrolase) is an enzyme highly expressed in mineralizing cells . This enzyme is implicated in bone and cartilage formation and catalyses the following chemical reactions:

(1) O-phosphoethanolamine + H2O  ethanolamine + phosphate

(2) phosphocholine + H2O  choline + phosphate

The enzyme is a member of the haloacid dehalogenase superfamily. Like other members of this superfamily it requires a metal ion for catalysis, which is usually Mg2+, it is also active in the presence of Co2+ or Mn2+ but exhibits a lower specific activity with these metal ions.

Phosphocholine
Phosphocholine is an intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine in tissues.  Phosphocholine is made in a reaction, catalyzed by choline kinase, that converts ATP and choline into phosphocholine and ADP.   Phosphocholine is a molecule found, for example, in lecithin.

In nematodes and human placentas, phosphocholine is selectively attached to other proteins as a posttranslational modification to suppress an immune response by their hosts.

It is also one of the binding targets of C-reactive protein (CRP).  Thus, when a cell is damaged, CRP binds to phosphocholine, beginning the recognition and phagocytotic immunologic response.

Phosphocholine is a natural constituent of hens' eggs (and many other eggs) often used in biomimetic membrane studies.
Section Eleven of the Constitution of South Africa
Section Eleven of the Constitution of South Africa, part of the Bill of Rights, guarantees the right to life. This section has been interpreted to prohibit the death penalty, but not to prohibit abortion. It also has important implications for euthanasia, self-defence, the use of force by law enforcement, and the provision of life-saving healthcare.

Under the heading "Life", the section states, in full, "Everyone has the right to life." Unlike the right to life in many other human rights instruments, this section is unqualified; it does not make an exception for the death penalty, but neither does it explicitly state that the death penalty is forbidden.

Law enforcement in South Africa
Law enforcement in South Africa is primarily the responsibility of the South African Police Service (SAPS), South Africa's national police force. SAPS is responsible for investigating crime and security throughout the country. The "national police force is crucial for the safety of South Africa's citizens" and was established in accordance with the provisions of Section 205 of the Constitution of South Africa.
Bruce D. Porter
Bruce Douglas Porter (September 18, 1952 – December 28, 2016) was an American political scientist, university professor, and general authority of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

Seventy (LDS Church)
Seventy is a priesthood office in the Melchizedek priesthood of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Traditionally, a church member holding this priesthood office is a "traveling minister" and an "especial witness" of Jesus Christ, charged with the mission of preaching the gospel to the entire world under the direction of the Twelve Apostles. The church teaches that the office of seventy was anciently conferred upon the seventy disciples mentioned in the Gospel of Luke  10:1-2. Multiple individuals holding the office of seventy are referred to collectively as seventies.