hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tombstones of Ahlat
The Tombstones of Ahlat is the world's largest Turkish-Islamic cemetery in the Middle Ages, located in the Ahlat district of Bitlis in Turkey. The cemetery is an open-air museum today.

Dating from the thirteenth century, the tombs cover a large area and previously contained Christian cemeteries, which have been entirely destroyed. They display the influence of Armenian Christian cross-stones (khachkars).

Ahlat is a district  center in Bitlis Province at the Lake Van shore. The tombstones are in and around the citadel of Ahlat at about 38°45′N 42°30′E﻿ / ﻿38.750°N 42.500°E﻿ / 38.750; 42.500.

The most important tombstones are in the cemeteries known as Harabe şehir cemetery, Taht'ı Suleyman cemetery, Kırklar cemetery, Kale cemetery, Merkez cemetery and Meydanlık cemetery. Among these, only the Kale cemetery has Ottoman tombs .

Khachkar
A khachkar (also spelled as khatchkar) or Armenian cross-stone (Armenian: խաչքար, pronounced [χɑtʃʰˈkʰɑɾ], խաչ xačʿ "cross" + քար kʿar "stone") is a carved, memorial stele bearing a cross, and often with additional motifs such as rosettes, interlaces, and botanical motifs. Khachkars are characteristic of medieval Christian Armenian art.

Since 2010, khachkars, their symbolism and craftsmanship are inscribed in the UNESCO list of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
Ortwin Hess
Ortwin Hess (born 1966) is a German-born theoretical physicist at Trinity College Dublin (Ireland), working in condensed matter optics. In 2016, he was awarded the Rumford Medal for his 'pioneering work in active nano-plasmonics and optical metamaterials with quantum gain'. Bridging condensed matter theory and quantum optics he specialises in quantum nanophotonics, plasmonics, metamaterials and semiconductor laser dynamics. Since the late 1980s he has been an author and coauthor of over 300 peer-reviewed articles, the most popular of which, called "'Trapped rainbow' storage of light in metamaterials", was cited more than 400 times. He pioneered active (gain enhanced) nanoplasmonics and metamaterials with quantum gain and in 2014 he introduced the "stopped-light lasing" principle as a novel route to cavity-free (nano-) lasing and localisation of amplified surface plasmon polaritons,  giving him an h-index of 60.

Plasmon
In physics, a plasmon is a quantum of plasma oscillation. Just as light (an optical oscillation) consists of photons, the plasma oscillation consists of plasmons. The plasmon can be considered as a quasiparticle since it arises from the quantization of plasma oscillations, just like phonons are quantizations of mechanical vibrations. Thus, plasmons are collective (a discrete number) oscillations of the free electron gas density. For example, at optical frequencies, plasmons can couple with a photon to create another quasiparticle called a plasmon polariton.

The field of study and manipulation of plasmons is called plasmonics.
Riesending Cave rescue
A rescue occurred at Riesending Cave between 8–19 June 2014, in Bavaria, Germany, after a speleologist who had been exploring the cave in a group of three suffered a traumatic brain injury as a result of a rockfall. It became one of the largest cave rescues in history, involving more than 700 people for 11 days and an estimated cost of close to €1 million. The rescue left more than one ton of garbage inside the cave, which took six years to retrieve and dispose.

Speleology
Speleology (from Ancient Greek  σπήλαιον (spḗlaion) 'cave' and  -λογία (-logía) 'study of') is the scientific study of caves and other karst features, as well as their composition, structure, physical properties, history, ecology, and the processes by which they form (speleogenesis) and change over time (speleomorphology). The term speleology is also sometimes applied to the recreational activity of exploring caves, but this is more properly known as caving, potholing (British English), or spelunking (United States and Canadian English). Speleology and caving are often connected, as the physical skills required for in situ study are the same.

Speleology is a cross-disciplinary field that combines the knowledge of chemistry, biology, geology, physics, meteorology, and cartography to develop portraits of caves as complex, evolving systems.
1956 Davis Cup Europe Zone
The Europe Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1956 Davis Cup.

24 teams entered the Europe Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the America Zone and Eastern Zone. Italy defeated Sweden in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.

Italy Davis Cup team
The Italy men's national tennis team represents Italy in Davis Cup tennis competition and is governed by the Italian Tennis Federation.

Italy is the reigning champion, claiming the Davis Cup in 2025. It is a four-time champion overall, also winning in 1976, 2023, and 2024. It finished runner-up six times (1960, 1961, 1977, 1979, 1980, 1998).

The most awarded player (by titles won when part of the team) is Simone Bolelli, with three victories. Matteo Berrettini, Lorenzo Musetti, Jannik Sinner, Lorenzo Sonego and Andrea Vavassori won the Davis Cup twice. The most awarded captain is Filippo Volandri, with three victories.

For the past three years, Italy has won the title, becoming the first country to win the event three consecutive times since the United States in 1972. In 2024 and 2025, Italy was also champion in the Billie Jean King Cup, making it the only country to win both events in consecutive years.
1945 Edgewood Arsenal explosion
The 1945 Edgewood Arsenal explosion killed twelve munitions workers and injured more than fifty on May 25, 1945. Building 509 at Edgewood Arsenal in Harford County, Maryland was a production facility for the assembly of phosphorus igniter assemblies for incendiary bombs, employing a female staff of about 135 assemblers. Nine workers, of whom eight were African-American, were killed in the initial blast, and three more died of their injuries.

Aberdeen Proving Ground
Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG) is a U.S. Army facility located adjacent to Aberdeen, Maryland, United States. More than 7,500 civilians and 5,000 military personnel work at APG. There are 11 major commands among the tenant units, including:

United States Army Communications-Electronics Command (CECOM)

United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM)

United States Army Test and Evaluation Command (ATEC)

Edgewood Arsenal

Adelphi Laboratory Center
The Army Reserve Information Operations Command
Unified Cross Domain Services Management Office
HQ, U.S. Army Contracting Command (Army Contracting Command –APG, Adelphi Contracting Division)
U.S. Army 93rd Signal Network - Network Enterprise Center
Logistics Readiness Center
U.S. Army Cyber Operation Group – 335th Signal Command
Blossom Point Research Facility
The Syracusan Bride leading Wild Animals in Procession to the Temple of Diana
The Syracusan Bride Leading Wild Animals in Procession to the Temple of Diana, also known as A Syracusan Bride Leading Wild Beasts in Procession to the Altar of Diana, is an oil painting by the English artist Frederic Leighton, which was first exhibited, to a favourable reception, at the Royal Academy of Arts in 1866.

Frederic Leighton
Frederic Leighton, 1st Baron Leighton, PRA (3 December 1830 – 25 January 1896), known as Sir Frederic Leighton between 1878 and 1896, was a British Victorian painter, draughtsman, and sculptor. His works depicted historical, biblical, and classical subject matter in an academic style. His paintings were enormously popular and expensive, during his lifetime, but fell out of critical favour for many decades in the early 20th century.

Leighton was the bearer of the shortest-lived peerage in history; after only one day, his hereditary peerage became extinct upon his death.
Old GreekTown station
Old GreekTown station is light rail station in Downtown Salt Lake City, Utah, United States serviced by the Blue Line of the Utah Transit Authority's (UTA) TRAX system. The Blue Line has service from the Salt Lake Intermodal Hub in Downtown Salt Lake City to Draper. For several years prior the opening of the Airport Extension, it was also on the route of the Green Line.

TRAX (light rail)
TRAX is a light rail system in the Salt Lake Valley of Utah, in the United States, serving Salt Lake City and many of its suburbs throughout Salt Lake County. The system's official name, Transit Express, is rarely, if ever, used. The system is operated by the Utah Transit Authority (UTA). All TRAX trains are electric, receiving power from overhead wires.

TRAX has 52 stations on three lines. The Blue Line provides service from Downtown Salt Lake City to Draper. The Red Line provides service from the University of Utah to the Daybreak Community of South Jordan. The Green Line provides service from Salt Lake City International Airport to West Valley City. In 2025, the system had a ridership of 13,965,200, or about 39,400 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025.
Ralitsa Vassileva
Ralitsa B. Vassileva (Bulgarian: Ралица Василева, born 8 June 1963) is a Bulgarian journalist. Currently she is lecturer at Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication. Previously she was an anchorwoman on CNN television news from 1992 to 2014 and news director at Bulgarian International Television, BIT between 2015 and 2017.

She has covered the Bosnian War, the Arab–Israeli conflict, and many other major international issues. She has interviewed many world leaders and high-profile figures, including Mikhail Gorbachev, Ariel Sharon, Henry Kissinger, and others.

Henry W. Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication
The Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication is a constituent college of the University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia, United States. Established in 1915, Grady College offers undergraduate degrees in journalism, advertising, public relations, and entertainment and media studies, and master's and doctoral programs of study. Grady has been ranked among the top five schools of journalism education and research in the U.S.

The college is home to several prominent centers, awards, and institutes, including the Peabody Awards, recognized as one of the most prestigious awards in electronic journalism, the McGill Medal for Journalistic Courage, the James M. Cox Jr. Center for International Mass Communication Training and Research, the Center for Advanced Computer-Human Ecosystems, the New Media Institute, and National Press Photographers Association.
Falconhurst
Falconhurst is a historic mansion in Warren County, Tennessee, U.S. near McMinnville. It was built in 1850 for Asa Faulkner, the owner of textile mills, and a politician who served as a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives and the Tennessee Senate. It was later the private residence of Charles Faulkner Bryan, a composer of folk music who married into the Faulkner family.

The house was designed in the Federal and Greek Revival architectural styles. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since August 26, 1982.

Tennessee House of Representatives
The Tennessee House of Representatives is the lower house of the Tennessee General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Tennessee. The House convenes, along with the Senate, at the Tennessee State Capitol in Nashville.
Peng!
Peng! is the debut studio album by English-French band Stereolab. It was released on 26 May 1992 by Too Pure in the United Kingdom. The album was issued in the United States on 13 June 1995 by Too Pure and American Recordings. A remastered edition of the album was released on 9 November 2018 by Too Pure and Beggars Arkive.

The album's title (a German onomatopoeia for a loud pop or bang) and cover art are derived from a comic strip named "Der tödliche Finger" that appeared in a 1970 issue of Hotcha, a Swiss underground newspaper. Different panels of the same strip were adapted into cover art for other early Stereolab releases, and remain popular icons for the band.

Onomatopoeia
Onomatopoeia is a type of word, or the process of creating a word, that phonetically imitates, resembles, or suggests a sound that it refers to. Common onomatopoeias in English include animal noises such as oink, meow, roar, and chirp, among various other noise-based verbs and nouns such as beep, simmer, or hiccup. Among the many words that likely began as onomatopoeias but whose original expressive iconicity goes unrecognized by modern speakers, examples include fanfare, pigeon, and cough.

Onomatopoeia tends to differ by language: it conforms to the broader linguistic system (conforming to its particular phonetic rules. Hence, the sound of a clock may be expressed variously across languages: as tick tock in English, tic tac in Spanish and Italian (see photo),  dī dā in Mandarin, kachi kachi in Japanese, or ṭik-ṭik in Hindi, Urdu, and Bengali.
2016 Qatar Total Open – Singles
Carla Suárez Navarro defeated Jeļena Ostapenko in the final, 1–6, 6–4, 6–4 to win the singles tennis title at the 2016 WTA Qatar Open.

Lucie Šafářová was the defending champion, but lost to Çağla Büyükakçay in the second round.

Donna Vekić
Donna Vekić (Croatian pronunciation: [ʋěːkitɕ]; born 28 June 1996) is a Croatian professional tennis player. She achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 17 on 27 January 2025. Her best performance at a major is reaching the semifinals at the 2024 Wimbledon Championships, the longest in the history of the tournament, which she lost against Jasmine Paolini. Vekić is also an Olympic silver medalist, in singles at the 2024 Paris Olympics.

Vekić has won four singles titles on the WTA Tour – at the 2014 Malaysian Open, at the 2017 Nottingham Open, the 2021 Courmayeur Ladies Open, and the 2023 Monterrey Open. She has also won five titles in singles and one doubles title on the ITF Circuit.
Reticulofenestra
Reticulofenestra is a genus of calcareous nannoplankton belonging to the haptophyte group. It first emerged during the early Eocene and underwent rapid expansion following the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum—a period characterized by elevated CO2, global warmth and ocean stratification.

Early Eocene Climatic Optimum
The Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO), also referred to as the Early Eocene Thermal Maximum (EETM), was a period of extremely warm greenhouse climatic conditions during the Eocene epoch. The EECO represented the hottest sustained interval of the Cenozoic era and one of the hottest periods in all of Earth's history.
Emeline King
Emeline King (born December 16, 1957) is an American industrial designer, known for her automotive designs. In 1983, she was hired by Ford Motor Company, and became the first Black woman designer for the automobile manufacturer. King also works as a motivational speaker, musician, and author. She authored an autobiography, "What Do You Mean A Black Girl Can't Design? Emeline King, She Did It" (2021, Claire Aldin Pub.).

Automotive design
Automotive design is the process of developing the appearance (and to some extent the ergonomics) of motor vehicles, including automobiles, motorcycles, trucks, buses, coaches, and vans.

The functional design and development of a modern motor vehicle is typically done by a large team from many different disciplines also included within automotive engineering, however, design roles are not associated with requirements for professional- or chartered-engineer qualifications. Automotive design in this context focuses primarily on developing the visual appearance or aesthetics of vehicles, while also becoming involved in the creation of product concepts. Automotive design as a professional vocation is practiced by designers who may have an art background and a degree in industrial design or in transportation design. For the terminology used in the field, see the glossary of automotive design.
Jakob Wilhelm Hüber
Jakob Wilhelm Hüber (1787– 1871) was a German landscape painter of the 19th century.

He was born in Düsseldorf. While he is described as a faithful pupil of Hackert, Hüber was influential for the painters of the School of Posillipo. He is known for a series of watercolor vedute of Pompeii, painted in 1817 and first published in 1824 by Heinrich Füssli as aquatints, as Vues pittoresques de Pompéi. Raffaelle Carelli, Achille Vianelli, and Giacinto Gigante were among those who he influenced. He died in 1871 in Zurich.

Henry Fuseli
Henry Fuseli RA (/ˈfjuːzəli, fjuːˈzɛli/ FEW-zə-lee, few-ZEL-ee; German: Johann Heinrich Füssli [ˈjoːhan ˈhaɪ̯nʁɪç ˈfyːsli]; 7 February 1741 – 17 April 1825) was a Swiss painter, draughtsman, and writer on art who spent much of his career in Britain.

Many of his successful works depict supernatural experiences, such as The Nightmare. He produced painted works for John Boydell's Shakespeare Gallery and for his own "Milton Gallery". He held the posts of Professor of Painting and Keeper at the Royal Academy. His style had a considerable influence on many younger British artists, including William Blake (1757–1827).
1864 New York state election
The 1864 New York state election was held on November 8, 1864, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, a Canal Commissioner and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly.

Erie Canal Commission
The Commission to Explore a Route for a Canal to Lake Erie and Report, known as the Erie Canal Commission, was a body created by the New York State Legislature in 1810 to plan the Erie Canal. In 1817 a Canal Fund led by Commissioners of the Canal Fund was established to oversee the funding of construction of the canal. In 1826 a Canal Board, of which both the planning commissioners and the Canal Fund commissioners were members, was created to take control of the operational canal. The term "Canal Commission" was at times applied to any of these bodies. Afterwards the canal commissioners were minor state cabinet officers responsible for the maintenance and improvements of the state's canals.

The office of Canal Commissioner was abolished in 1876, and their responsibilities were taken over by the Superintendent of Public Works in February 1878. The Canal Fund and the Canal Board were abolished in 1910.
2025 Gulf 12 Hours
The 2025 Gulf 12 Hours was the 15th edition of the Gulf 12 Hours. It will be held at Yas Marina Circuit on 12–14 December 2025. The race is split in two parts, one eight hour segment, followed by a two hour break, and then the remaining four hours after that.

New for this race is the GTX1 class, which is made up of various single-make cars from Ferrari Challenge, Lamborghini Super Trofeo, McLaren Artura Trophy and Porsche Carrera Cup, although none were entered.

McLaren Artura
The McLaren Artura is a hybrid electric sports car designed and manufactured by the British car manufacturer McLaren Automotive since 2022. It is the third hybrid by the company since the P1 and Speedtail, and the first with a V6 engine.

The name Artura was announced on 23 November 2020. It is a combination of the words art and future. It inaugurates a new carbon fibre chassis called MCLA (McLaren Carbon Lightweight Architecture).
Keba Jeremiah
Keba Jeremiah Arul (born 18 October 1986) is an Indian guitarist and music producer. He works on musical soundtracks for Bollywood, Tollywood (Telugu), and Kollywood music industries, including gospel music.

Super Singer (Tamil TV series)
Super Singer is a 2006 Indian Tamil-language reality television singing competition, that was sponsored by KAG Tiles for the tenth season. The show is televised in India on Star Vijay, and worldwide through partner broadcasting networks. The show, together with its spin-off editions such as Super Singer Junior, are part of Super Singer.

The program, which debuted on 28 April 2006, seeks to discover the best playback recording voice and singing talent in Tamil Nadu through a series of statewide auditions. Selected contestants are required to participate in several competition rounds, often based on a theme for a given week, and aim to be selected to perform in the show's grand finale each season.

Winners and finalists of the competition have been offered chances to sing a song in upcoming Tamil movies, and other prizes such as sums of money, gold, and real estate property. The eleventh season launched on 2nd August 2025.
Interuniversity Institute of Valencian Philology
The Interuniversity Institute of Valencian Philology (Valencian: Institut Interuniversitari de Filologia Valenciana, IIFV), was created in 1987, and took form with a decree of the  Generalitat Valenciana that was issued in 1994. It is composed by the University of Valencia, the University of Alicante and the University Jaume I, from Castellón de la Plana, i.e., the three Valencian universities with superior philology studies.

University of Alicante
The University of Alicante (Valencian: Universitat d'Alacant, IPA: [univeɾsiˈtad dalaˈkant]; Spanish: Universidad de Alicante, IPA: [uniβeɾsiˈðað ðe aliˈkante]; also known by the acronym UA) was established in 1979 on the basis of the Center for University Studies (CEU), which was founded in 1968.  The university main campus is located in San Vicente del Raspeig/Sant Vicent del Raspeig, bordering the city of Alicante to the north.  As of 2011/12 academic year, there are approximately 27,500 students studying there.
Chałupki, Radomsko County
Chałupki [xaˈwupki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przedbórz, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south of Przedbórz, 31 km (19 mi) east of Radomsko, and 86 km (53 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Przedbórz
Przedbórz [ˈpʂɛdbuʂ] is a town in Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland, with 3,458 inhabitants (2020). Przedbórz is situated on the Pilica River in the northwestern corner of the historic province of Lesser Poland. From its foundation until the Partitions of Poland, it belonged to Lesser Poland’s Sandomierz Voivodeship.
Thonmi Sambhota
Thonmi Sambhota (Thönmi Sambhoṭa, (Tib. ཐོན་མི་སམ་བྷོ་ཊ།, Wylie thon mi sam+b+ho Ta; c.619-7th C.) is a figure credited by Tibetan traditions with creating the first Tibetan script, based on the Gupta alphabet, after being sent by king Songsten Gampo to study in India. He is also credited with serving the king as his minister and escorting two princesses from Nepal and China into Tibet to become Songtsen Gampo's queens. The authenticity of this legend has been questioned.

Tengyur
The Tengyur or Tanjur or Bstan-’gyur (Tibetan: "Translation of Teachings") is the collected commentaries by great buddhist masters on Buddha Shakyamuni's teachings. The Tengyur is included in the Tibetan Buddhist Canon, which consists of all of Buddha Shakyamuni's teachings together with the commentaries on the Buddha's teachings. The Canon also includes the Kangyur, which is repository of the Buddha's recorded teachings, placed before the Tengyur in the Canon.
The Story of Tracy Beaker series 3
The third series of the British children's television series The Story of Tracy Beaker began broadcasting on 25 September 2003 on CBBC and ended on 1 April 2004. The series follows the lives of the children living in the fictional children's care home of Stowey House, nicknamed by them "The Dumping Ground". It consists of twenty-six, fifteen-minute episodes. It is the third series in The Story of Tracy Beaker franchise.

Abby Rakic-Platt
Abby Rakic-Platt (born 3 May 1993) is a British actress best known for her performances in the television series The Story of Tracy Beaker on the children's channel CBBC as Jackie Hopper. She appeared in a 2010 Sainsbury's Christmas advert.