hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2018 in technology and computing
Significant events that have occurred in 2018 in all fields of technology, including computing, robotics, electronics, as well as any other areas of technology as well, including any machines, devices, or other technological developments, occurrences, and items.

Computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity that requires, benefits from, or creates computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and the development of both hardware and software. Computing encompasses scientific, engineering, mathematical, technological, and social aspects. Major computing disciplines include computer engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, data science, information systems, information technology, and software engineering.

The term computing is also synonymous with counting and calculating. In earlier times, it was used in reference to the action performed by mechanical computing machines, and before that, to human computers.
Aakasamlo Oka Tara
Aakasamlo Oka Tara (transl. A star in the sky) is an upcoming Indian Telugu-language film directed by Pavan Sadineni. The film stars Dulquer Salmaan and Satvika Veeravalli in the lead roles. It is produced by Sandeep Gunnam and Ramya Gunnam, under Lightbox Media, while it is presented by Swapna Cinema and Geetha Arts. The film is set for release in Telugu, Malayalam, Tamil, Kannada and Hindi. The title is derived from a song of the same name from the 1986 Telugu film Simhasanam.

Geetha Arts
Geetha Arts is an Indian film production and distribution company known for its works in Telugu cinema. It is one of the largest and most successful production houses in South Indian cinema. It was established in 1972 by Allu Aravind. It has produced around 60 films majority of them in Telugu in addition to a few films in Hindi, Tamil, and Kannada languages.

Geetha Arts marked its beginning through the 1974 Telugu film Bantrothu Bharya. The company has produced films featuring actors such as Chiranjeevi, Rajinikanth, Aamir Khan, Pawan Kalyan, Ram Charan, Allu Arjun, Ganesh, Nani, Ravichandran, Govinda and Kartik Aaryan. It has also expanded its presence into film distribution, exhibition and digital content.
Psi Aquarii
The Bayer designation ψ Aquarii (psi Aquarii, ψ Aqr) is shared by three stars/star systems in the constellation Aquarius:

ψ1 Aquarii (91 Aquarii), a multiple star system with an exoplanet orbiting the giant primary

ψ2 Aquarii (93 Aquarii), a solitary Be star

ψ3 Aquarii (95 Aquarii), a binary star system

All of them were members of the asterism 羽林軍 (Yǔ Lín Jūn), Palace Guard, in the Encampment mansion.

Be star
Be stars are a heterogeneous set of stars with B spectral types and emission lines.  A narrower definition, sometimes referred to as classical Be stars, is a non-supergiant B star whose spectrum has, or had at some time, one or more Balmer emission lines.
Railroad Tycoon (video game)
Sid Meier's Railroad Tycoon is a business simulation designed by Sid Meier. The game is the first in the Railroad Tycoon series. The original idea came from the boardgame 1830: The Game of Railroads and Robber Barons.

An expanded version of the game titled Sid Meier's Railroad Tycoon Deluxe, was released in 1993. A port of the game for the Super NES was planned for a 1994 release, and screenshots were shown in the March 1993 issue of Nintendo Power; however the port was never released. Though no reason was officially given, it may have been due to the DOS release of Transport Tycoon, and its planned release on the then-upcoming PlayStation console. Likewise, a Sega Mega Drive version was also planned but never released. The DOS version of the game was released as freeware for download in 2006.

DOS
DOS (/dɒs/, /dɔːs/) is a family of disk-based operating systems for IBM PC compatible computers. It primarily consists of IBM PC DOS and a rebranded version, Microsoft's MS-DOS, both of which were introduced in 1981. Later, compatible systems from other manufacturers are DR-DOS (1988), ROM-DOS (1989), PTS-DOS (1993), and FreeDOS (1994). MS-DOS dominated the IBM PC compatible market between 1981 and 1995.

Although the name has come to be identified specifically with MS-DOS and compatible operating systems, DOS is a platform-independent acronym for disk operating system, whose use predates the IBM PC. Dozens of other operating systems also use the acronym, beginning with the mainframe DOS/360 from 1966. Others include Apple DOS, Apple ProDOS, Atari DOS, Commodore DOS, TRSDOS, and AmigaDOS.
Coppabella, New South Wales
Coppabella, New South Wales is a rural locality of Hilltops Council and a civil parish of Harden County, New South Wales.

The  parish located at 34°44′54″S 148°30′04″E is on Coppabella and Juggion Creeks and the Hume Highway transverses to the southern boundary.

Hilltops Council
Hilltops Council is a local government area in the South Western Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia. This area was formed on 12 May 2016 from the merger of Boorowa Council, Harden Shire and Young Shire. The local government area covers much the same area as the Hilltops wine region.

The mayor of Hilltops Council is Brian Ingram, an independent, and was elected unopposed after the most recent election held on 9 September 2024.
Pierre-Edmé Babel
Pierre-Edmé Babel (Paris, 11 November 1719 – Kehl, 26 October 1775) was a Parisian sculptor, draftsman, and etcher. Babel designed pieces for the Palace of Versailles, today they are seen in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace. Works by Babel are held in the collection of the Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Victoria and Albert Museum and the Harvard Art Museums.

Hall of Mirrors
The Hall of Mirrors (French: Grande Galerie, Galerie des Glaces, Galerie de Louis XIV) is a grand Baroque style gallery and one of the most emblematic rooms in the royal Palace of Versailles near Paris, France. The grandiose ensemble of the hall and its adjoining salons was intended to illustrate the power of the absolutist monarch Louis XIV. Located on the first floor (piano nobile) of the palace's central body, it faces west towards the palace gardens. The Hall of Mirrors has been the scene of events of great historic significance, including the Proclamation of the German Empire and the signing of the Treaty of Versailles.
Love for Sale (book)
Love for Sale: Pop Music in America is a 2016 book by The Nation music critic David Hajdu, in which he chronicles the 100-plus year history of pop music in the United States. The book features previously published material as well as interviews, including an interview with legendary folk singer Dave Van Ronk. Chronologically, Love for Sale takes the reader from the origins of  ragtime in the 19th century through to the present era of streaming music. The author also sequential discusses the rise of tapes, CDs, and MP3s. The title of the book is derived from the 1930 Cole Porter song of the same name.

Love for Sale constitutes Hajdu's attempt to answer the question: “What is the history and meaning of pop music?”

Love for Sale (song)
"Love for Sale" is a song by Cole Porter introduced by Kathryn Crawford in the musical The New Yorkers, which opened on Broadway on December 8, 1930, and closed in May 1931 after 168 performances. The song is written from the viewpoint of a prostitute advertising "love for sale".
David Provan (footballer, born 1941)
David Provan (11 March 1941 – 26 November 2016)  was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for Rangers, Crystal Palace, Plymouth Argyle and St Mirren. Provan also played for Scotland and the Scottish League XI.

Scottish Football League XI
The Scottish League XI was a representative side of the Scottish Football League. The team regularly played against the (English) Football League and other national league select teams between 1892 and 1980. For a long period the annual fixture between the English and Scottish leagues was only second in importance to the matches between the two national teams. The fixture declined in importance after regular European club competition was instituted in the 1950s; matches in the 1960s and 1970s were played irregularly and poorly attended. A match involving a Scottish League XI was last played in 1990, to mark the centenary of the League.
J & J Ultralights Seawing
The J & J Ultralights Seawing is an American amphibious ultralight trike that was designed and produced by J & J Ultralights of Live Oak, Florida. The aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction or as a complete aircraft.

J & J Ultralights is no longer in business and the design out of production.

Rotax 503
The Rotax 503 is a 37 kW (50 hp), inline 2-cylinder, two-stroke aircraft engine, built by BRP-Rotax GmbH & Co. KG of Austria for use in ultralight aircraft.

For decades the engine was one of the most popular and reputedly reliable aircraft engines in its class (two-stroke, under 60 horsepower), and it remains widely used and supported.

As of 2011 the Rotax 503 is no longer in production. However, a Russian manufacturer has developed an approximate reproduction, the RMZ 500.  Rotax subsequently offered only one other two-stroke engine for aircraft, the partially water-cooled Rotax 582.
Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt
Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt (10 October 1757 – 5 November 1847) was a Church of England bishop. He was the Bishop of Carlisle from 1791 to 1807 and then the Archbishop of York until his death.

He was the third son of George Venables-Vernon, 1st Baron Vernon (1709–1780), and Martha Harcourt, sister to the 1st Earl Harcourt. Later he assumed the additional name of Harcourt on succeeding to the property including Nuneham House from his childless first cousin, the 3rd Earl Harcourt, in 1831.

Scroop Egerton, 1st Duke of Bridgewater
Scroop Egerton, 1st Duke of Bridgewater (11 August 1681 – 11 January 1744), styled as Viscount Brackley from 1687 to 1701 and as the Earl of Bridgewater from 1701 to 1720, was a British courtier and landowner. Born into the Egerton family, he succeeded as Earl of Bridgewater in 1701, before being created Duke of Bridgewater on 18 June 1720, with subsidiary titles including Marquess of Brackley.
2019 Marinduque local elections
Local elections were held in Marinduque on May 13, 2019, as part of the 2019 Philippine general election. Voters selected candidates for all local positions: a town mayor, vice mayor and town councilors, as well as members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, a vice-governor, a governor and a representative for the lone district of Marinduque in the House of Representatives.

In this election, a number of provincial-level officials sought reelection, including incumbent congressman Lord Allan Jay Velasco. This was the first election since the 1970s where Carmencita Reyes, who had previously served both as congressman and governor, did not running for office, having died in January 2019.

Legislative districts of Marinduque
The legislative districts of Marinduque are the representations of the province of Marinduque in the various national legislatures of the Philippines. The province is currently represented in the lower house of the Congress of the Philippines through its lone congressional district.
Linguistic Systems
Linguistic Systems, Inc., also known as LSI, provides language translation services (conversion) for all media in over 115 languages. LSI focuses on the translation of legal, medical, business, institutional, academic, government and personal documents. LSI is headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Means of communication
Means of communication or media are ways used by people to communicate and exchange information with each other as an information sender and a receiver. Diverse arrays of media that reach a large audience via mass communication are called mass media.
1405 Sibelius
1405 Sibelius (provisional designation 1936 RE) is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 12 September 1936, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland. The asteroid was named after composer Jean Sibelius.

Provisional designation in astronomy
Provisional designation is the naming convention applied to astronomical objects immediately following their discovery. The provisional designation is usually superseded by a permanent designation once a reliable orbit has been calculated. As of 2019, approximately 47% of the more than 1,100,000 known minor planets remain provisionally designated, as hundreds of thousands have been discovered in the last two decades. The modern system is overseen by the Minor Planet Center of the International Astronomical Union.
2013 Open Saint-Gaudens Midi-Pyrénées – Doubles
Vesna Dolonc and Irina Khromacheva were the defending champions, having won the event in 2012, but both players chose not to defend their title. Dolonc played instead at the 2013 Sparta Prague Open.

Julia Glushko and Paula Ormaechea won the title, defeating Stéphanie Dubois and Kurumi Nara in the final, 7–5, 7–6(13–11).

Paula Ormaechea
Paula Ormaechea (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpawla oɾmaeˈtʃea]; born 28 September 1992) is an Argentine tennis player based in Italy. She has won sixteen singles and nine doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. On 21 October 2013, she reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 59.

Ormaechea has a 21–13 win–loss record, playing for Argentina Fed Cup team. She plays in the Italian Tennis Serie A1 (major circuit) in the Tennis Club Rungg of Eppan an der Weinstraße, in South Tyrol near Bolzano.
Johannes Gräff
Johannes Gräff (born in St. Gallen, Switzerland, (1978-06-11)11 June 1978) is a Swiss neuroscientist. He currently works as an associate professor at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). His research focuses on the neuroepigenetic bases of physiological and pathological memory formation.

Federation of European Neuroscience Societies
The Federation of European Neuroscience Societies (FENS) is a European federation of scientific societies for basic scientists and physicians whose research is focused on the brain and nervous system (i.e., neuroscience).
Daren Queenan
Daren Queenan (born October 19, 1966) is an American former basketball player. Born in Norristown, Pennsylvania, he attended Norristown High School as a teenager but went virtually unrecruited by colleges to play basketball except for nearby Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Queenan was an undersized center in high school, standing at 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m), but then-assistant Lehigh coach Fran McCaffery signed him to play for the Mountain Hawks and turned him into a shooting guard/small forward (toward the end of Queenan's career at Lehigh, McCaffery said, "You wouldn't believe how many coaches told me Daren couldn't play for them. Every coach makes mistakes, but when you say a kid can't play, and he scores 3,000 points, that's a mistake.") McCaffery would become Lehigh's head coach for Queenan's final three seasons.

Norristown, Pennsylvania
Norristown is a borough with home rule status and the county seat of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States, in the Philadelphia metropolitan area.  Located along the Schuylkill River, approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) from Philadelphia, Norristown had a population of 35,748 as of the 2020 census. It is the fourth-most populous municipality in the county and second-most populous borough in Pennsylvania.

It is the largest non-township municipality in Montgomery County and is located 49.8 miles (80.1 km) southeast of Allentown and 19.9 miles (32.0 km) northwest of Philadelphia.
Arnotts
Arnotts can refer to;

Arnott's Group, an Australian biscuit and salted snack food company

Arnotts (Ireland), a department store in Dublin, Ireland

Arnotts (Scotland) a department store in Glasgow and group of department stores in Scotland. A trading name of House of Fraser which is no longer in use.

Arnotts (Scottish department store)
Arnotts was a department store in Glasgow, Scotland. Established as a drapery shop in 1850, the business became a department store in the 1870s. In 1936 it was bought by the company that became House of Fraser, who used the Arnotts brand for other acquisitions from the 1970s onwards.
Wheatstone Corporation
Wheatstone Corporation is an American company that produces digital and analog professional audio equipment for broadcast radio, television, and new media. Products include audio consoles, Audio over IP (AoIP) audio networking, audio processing, audio recording and editing, and custom furniture. The corporation also does business under the brand names Audioarts Engineering, Pacific Research & Engineering, and VoxPro.

Audio signal processing
Audio signal processing is a subfield of signal processing that is concerned with the electronic manipulation of audio signals. Audio signals are electronic representations of sound waves—longitudinal waves which travel through air, consisting of compressions and rarefactions. The energy contained in audio signals or sound power level is typically measured in decibels.  As audio signals may be represented in either digital or analog format, processing may occur in either domain.  Analog processors operate directly on the electrical signal, while digital processors operate mathematically on its digital representation.
Charles Thomas (sprinter)
Charles Augusta Thomas (October 3, 1931 – January 26, 2015) was an American sprinter and athletics coach. He was born in Fostoria, Texas, and died in Bryan, Texas.

Competing for the Texas Longhorns men's track and field team, Thomas won the 1954 NCAA Track and Field Championships in the 220 yards. In college, he never lost a race at the 220 yards distance.

1954 NCAA track and field championships
The 1954 NCAA Track and Field Championships were contested June 11−12 at the 33rd annual NCAA-sanctioned track meet to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate track and field in the United States. This year's events were hosted by the University of Michigan at Ferry Field in Ann Arbor.

USC won their sixth consecutive team national championship, the Trojans' 18th title in program history.
Alexander Shlyakhter
Alexander Isaakovich Shlyakhter (Russian: Александр Исаакович Шляхтер; died June 2000) was a Russian nuclear physicist and risk analyst.

Shlyakhter is best known for discovering empirical evidence for the constancy of fundamental constants. While still a student in Leningrad, he observed that the products of past nuclear reactions at a natural nuclear fission reactor at Oklo, Gabon demonstrate that the fine-structure constant α has changed less than 10−17 per year over the last two billion years. He published the finding in a letter to Nature in 1976. Freeman Dyson later wrote that Shlyakhter had "revolutionized the subject" of variation in physical constants.

In 1987 Shlyakhter became a research fellow in Richard Wilson's laboratory at Harvard University. His later work was in risk assessment, and included notable analyses of global warming, nuclear security and the Chernobyl disaster. He died of cancer in June 2000.

Fine-structure constant
In physics, the fine-structure constant, also known as the Sommerfeld constant, commonly denoted by α (the Greek letter alpha), is a fundamental physical constant that quantifies the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles.

It is a dimensionless quantity (dimensionless physical constant), independent of the system of units used, which is related to the strength of the coupling of an elementary charge e with the electromagnetic field, by the formula . Its numerical value is approximately 0.0072973525643 ≈ 137.035999177-1, with a relative uncertainty of 1.6×10−10.

The constant was named by Arnold Sommerfeld, who introduced it in 1916 when extending the Bohr model of the atom.  quantified the gap in the fine structure of the spectral lines of the hydrogen atom, which had been measured precisely by Michelson and Morley in 1887.

Why the constant should have this value is not understood, but there are a number of ways to measure its value.
R. B. Jones
Rhys Bevan Jones (19 September 1869 – 10 April 1933) was a Welsh evangelical preacher. He was the founding principal of the South Wales Bible Training Institute.

Jones was born in Dowlais, attended Pontypool Baptist College, and was ordained in 1893. He was involved in the 1904–1905 Welsh revival, and brought it to Rhosllanerchrugog. D. Densil Morgan and David Ceri Jones note that Jones' "reputation as a stern prophet of the divine wrath" was consolidated during the revival.

David W. Bebbington suggests that Jones was the "chief exponent of Keswick teaching in Wales," and notes that he experienced "total consecration" under the guidance of F. B. Meyer in 1904. Jones most likely also wrote the first Welsh language book on premillennialism.

David W. Bebbington
David William Bebbington FRSE FRHistS (born 25 July 1949) is a British historian who is a professor of history at the University of Stirling in Scotland and a distinguished visiting professor of history at Baylor University. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and the Royal Historical Society.
Shree Pawanputra Vyayam Mandir
Shree Pawanputra Vyayam Mandir (SPVM) is a gym in Chembur, Mumbai in Maharashtra state providing training and guidance in sports such as gymnastics, both artistic & rhythmic, Mallakhamb, Yogasana, Power Lifting and Weight Training.

SPVM is the oldest gymnasium in Mumbai suburb, established on 14 November 1963 by freedom fighter, Shri Ramnath Hariram Pathare. SPVM is pioneer of Gymnastics for the youngsters in the entire State, having started with Indian pole Mallakhamb in 1963 and gymnastics in 1967. SPVM made successful leap into the Indian Gymnastics Federation in 1976.

Chembur
Chembur (pronunciation: [t͡ʃembuːɾ]) is an upmarket large suburb in central Mumbai, India. It belongs on the harbour line of suburban railways and offers the best connectivity with Mumbai Monorail, Santacruz- Chembur Link Road, Airport, Jeejamata Bhosle Marg (from Chembur-Mankhurd), Eastern Freeway, Eastern Express Highway, BKC connector, and Mumbai Satara highway (Sion-Panvel).
Tubalars
The Tubalars are an ethnic subgroup of the Altaians native to the Altai Republic in Russia.

According to the 2010 census, there were 1,965 Tubalars in Russia. In 2002 they were listed by the authorities within the Indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East.

The villages with the highest population of Tubalars are Artybash, Iogach, Novotroitsk, Tuloi, Tondoshka, Kebezen, Ust-Pyzha, Biyka, Yailu, Chuyka, Torochak, Paspaul, Salganda, Karakoksha, Tunzha, Krasnoselskoye, Uskuch, Uimen, and Karasuk.

Iogach
Iogach (Russian: Иогач; Altay: Ыйык-Агаш, Iyık-Agaş) is a rural locality (a selo) in Artybashskoye Rural Settlement of Turochaksky District, the Altai Republic, Russia. The population was 1322 as of 2016. There are 22 streets.
Emmett, West Virginia
Emmett is an unincorporated community in Logan County, West Virginia, United States. Emmett is located on Elk Creek, County Route 11/1, and the CSX Railroad, 4.8 miles (7.7 km) southeast of Man. Emmett had a post office, which closed on March 7, 1998.

The community was named after Franklin Emmett King, a mining official.

Man, West Virginia
Man is a town in Logan County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 772 at the 2020 census.  The town is located along the Guyandotte River at the mouth of Buffalo Creek, which was the site of the 1972 Buffalo Creek Flood following a dam collapse. The name of the town reportedly derives from the last syllable of the surname of Ulysses Hinchman, who was a member of the House of Delegates from Logan County between 1866 and 1869.