hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Iniquis afflictisque
Iniquis afflictisque (On the Persecution of the Church in Mexico) is an encyclical of Pope Pius XI promulgated on November 18, 1926, to denounce the persecution of the Catholic Church in Mexico.  It was one of three encyclicals concerning Mexico, including Acerba animi (1932) and Firmissimam Constantiamque (1937).  The Mexican government at the time was engaging in violently anticlerical persecution of the Church and the Pope harshly criticised the government for its abuses.

The Pope criticized the state's interference in matters of worship, outlawing of religious orders and the expropriation of Church property. He noted that, "Priests are... deprived of all civil and political rights. They are thus placed in the same class with criminals and the insane."

Anti-clericalism
Anti-clericalism is opposition to religious authority, typically in social or political matters. Historically, anti-clericalism in Christian traditions has been opposed to the influence of Catholicism.

Some have opposed clergy on the basis of moral corruption, institutional issues and/or disagreements in religious interpretation, such as during the Protestant Reformation. Anti-clericalism became extremely violent during the French Revolution, because revolutionaries claimed the church played a pivotal role in the systems of oppression which led to it. Many clerics were killed, and French revolutionary governments tried to put priests under the control of the state by making them employees.

Anti-clericalism appeared in Catholic Europe throughout the 19th century, in various forms, and later in Canada, Cuba, and Latin America.
The Talking Band
The Talking Band is an American off-off-Broadway theatre company specializing in experimental theatre, based in New York City.

The company consists of three core artists: artistic director Paul Zimet; actor, writer and composer Ellen Maddow; and actor and director Tina Shepard. The Talking Band has collaborated with Taylor Mac, Louise Smith, and Marcus Gardley.

Marcus Gardley
Marcus Gardley (born 1977) is an African American poet, playwright, TV writer, and screenwriter from West Oakland, California. He is currently the co-chair of playwriting at the David Geffen School of Drama at Yale University.

Gardley is among a new group of young African-American playwrights who have come to prominence during the "Age of Obama." He has cited the Harlem art scene as influential to his work, with James Baldwin as a primary inspiration.

The New Yorker described Gardley in 2010 as the "heir to Federico Garcia Lorca, Pirandello and Tennessee Williams."
Svendborgsund Bridge
The Svendborg Sound Bridge (Svendborgsundbroen) is a bridge that crosses Svendborg Sound between the town of Svendborg on Fyn and Vindeby on the island of Tåsinge in Denmark. It is on the road to the island of Langeland. The bridge is 1220 metres long, the longest span is 90 metres, and the maximum clearance to the sea is 33 metres.

Svendborg Sound Bridge was opened by Princess Margrethe on 18 November 1966. The bridge cost 25 million kroner.

Svendborgsund
Svendborgsund is a strait that separates Funen from Tåsinge. In the west it flows into the South Funen Archipelago by the island Skarø, and in the east it ends in Thurø Sund and Skårupøre Sund, almost separated by Thurøbro, which is mostly a dam.
Nils Olav Totland
Nils Olav Totland (born 17 December 1935) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

He was Minister of Administration from October 1993 to October 1996, in the third cabinet Brundtland. On the local level, he was a member of Skedsmo municipal council from 1967 to 1982 and Fet municipal council from 1999 to 2003. He chaired the local party chapter in Fet from 2001 to 2007.

Outside politics, he had a career in the Norwegian State Railways from 1952 to 1971. He then became a full-time trade unionist. He was a member of the secretariat of the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions from 1982 to 1990, while chairing Statstjenestemannskartellet. From 1990 to 1993 he was secretary of Arbeidernes Opplysningsforbund. He was a member of the Labour Party central committee from 1987 to 1995.

He was a member of the board of Rikshospitalet from 1988 to 1993, Norsk Film A/S from 1991 to 1993, Den Norske Bank from 1992 to 1993 and the Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority from 1997 to 2000.

LO Stat
LO Stat (LO State) is one of two bargaining structures within the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions (LO). LO Stat is the counterpart in negotiations over state employees' wages and conditions with the government and the employer's organisation, Spekter.

It organizes employees of (1) the Norwegian state (Government employees) or (2) of companies that are member bodies of the employers' association Spekter. It was created in 1939 under the name Statstjenestemannskartellet ('the Cartel of Public Servants'). In 1996 it was renamed to LO Stat. It was one of four cartels until 2004, when LO Industri and LO Service were abolished, leaving only LO Stat and, for municipal employees, LO Kommune.

The current chair is Tone Rønoldtangen.
Period 3 element
A period 3 element is one of the chemical elements in the third row (or period) of the periodic table of the chemical elements. The periodic table is laid out in rows to illustrate recurring (periodic) trends in the chemical behavior of the elements as their atomic number increases: a new row is begun when chemical behavior begins to repeat, meaning that elements with similar behavior fall into the same vertical columns. The third period contains eight elements: sodium, magnesium, aluminium, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine and argon. The first two, sodium and magnesium, are members of the s-block of the periodic table, while the others are members of the p-block. All of the period 3 elements occur in nature and have at least one stable isotope.

Match
A match is a tool for starting a fire. Typically, matches are made of small wooden sticks or stiff paper. One end is coated with a material that can be ignited by friction generated by striking the match against a suitable surface. Wooden matches are packaged in matchboxes, and paper matches are partially cut into rows and stapled into matchbooks. The coated end of a match, known as the match "head", consists of a bead of active ingredients and binder, often colored for easier inspection. There are two main types of matches: safety matches, which can be struck only against a specially prepared surface, and strike-anywhere matches, for which any suitably frictional surface can be used.
Khellin
Khellin has been used as an herbal folk medicine, with use in the Mediterranean dating back to Ancient Egypt, to treat a variety of maladies including: renal colic, kidney stones, coronary disease, bronchial asthma, vitiligo, and psoriasis. It is a major constituent of the plant Visnaga daucoides, also known as Ammi visnaga and as bishop's weed. Once purified, khellin exists as colorless, odorless, bitter-tasting needle-shaped crystals and is classified as a gamma-pyrone, a furanochromone derivative. In the early 20th century, researchers searched for khellin analogs with lower toxicity and better efficacy. A number of drugs were discovered through this research, such as amiodarone and cromolyn sodium, which are used in current medical practice. Efloxate is also mentioned as analog.

Efficacy
Efficacy is the ability to perform a task to a satisfactory or expected degree. The word comes from the same roots as effectiveness, and it has often been used synonymously, although in pharmacology a distinction is now often made between efficacy and effectiveness.

The word efficacy is used in pharmacology and medicine to refer both to the maximum response achievable from a pharmaceutical drug in research settings, and to the capacity for sufficient therapeutic effect or beneficial change in clinical settings.
Marine Air Control Squadron 6
Marine Air Control Squadron 6 (MACS-6) was a United States Marine Corps aviation command and control squadron. The squadron provided aerial surveillance and early warning while operational from 1944 through 1998.  They were last based at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina and fell under the command of Marine Air Control Group 28 (MACG-28) and the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing (2nd MAW).

Surveillance aircraft
Surveillance aircraft or observation aircraft are aircraft used for aerial surveillance. They are primarily operated by military forces and government agencies in roles including intelligence gathering, maritime patrol, battlefield and airspace surveillance, observation (e.g. artillery spotting), and law enforcement.

Surveillance aircraft usually carry limited defensive armament, if any. They do not require high-performance capability or stealth characteristics and may be modified civilian aircraft. Surveillance aircraft have also included moored balloons (e.g. TARS) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
Alfred Klotz
Alfred Klotz ((1874-06-15)15 June 1874 – (1956-01-10)10 January 1956) was a German classicist and scholar of Latin literature. Born into a family of classical scholars, he studied classical philology at the University of Leipzig and worked at the German University in Prague from 1911 until the outbreak of the First World War. After the war, he was appointed to the chair of Latin at the University of Erlangen.

The central achievement of his career were a number of critical editions of classical authors: he published editions of the poems of Statius, the commentarii of Julius Caesar, and a large part of Cicero's speeches. His editions of Statius, in particular, were long used as the standard texts. Klotz also worked on source criticism. His contributions to this topic are described by classicist Klaus Stiewe as his most lasting scholarly legacy.

Latin literature
Latin literature includes the essays, histories, poems, plays, and other writings written in the Latin language. The beginning of formal Latin literature dates to 240 BC, when the first stage play in Latin was performed in Rome. Latin literature flourished for the next six centuries. The classical era of Latin literature can be roughly divided into several periods: early Latin literature, the golden age, the imperial period and Late Antiquity.

Latin was the language of the ancient Romans as well as being the lingua franca of Western and Central Europe throughout the Middle Ages. Latin literature features the work of Roman authors, such as Cicero, Virgil, Ovid and Horace, but also includes the work of European writers after the fall of the Empire, from religious writers like Aquinas (1225–1274) to secular writers like Francis Bacon (1561–1626), Baruch Spinoza (1632–1677), and Isaac Newton (1642–1727).
George Penton
George Washington "Doc" Penton (September 6, 1882 – July 11, 1969) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Jacksonville State Normal School (now Jacksonville State University) in 1910 and at Troy State Normal School (now Troy University) from 1911 to 1912, compiling a career college football coaching record of 8–4–3. Penton played college football at Auburn University as a guard and fullback from 1907 to 1909. He was the brother of fellow football player and coach, John Penton.

Jacksonville State University
Jacksonville State University (JSU or Jax State) is a public university in Jacksonville, Alabama, United States. Founded in 1883, Jacksonville State offers programs of study in six academic schools leading to bachelor's, master's, education specialist, and doctorate degrees in addition to certificate programs and continuing education opportunities.

The university was founded as Jacksonville State Normal School, and in 1930, the name changed to Jacksonville State Teachers College, and again in 1957, to Jacksonville State College. The university began operating under its current name in 1966.

JSU currently has an enrollment of more than 9,000 students, with nearly 500 faculty members (more than 300 of whom are full-time). It is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS).
Francisco Sanz Fernández
Francisco Sanz Fernández (Valencia, Spain, 1952) is a Spanish politician for the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).

Married, with two children, Sanz gained a Doctorate in Engineering. He joined the PSOE in 1976 and in 1977 stood in the first democratic elections as a candidate for the Spanish Congress of Deputies in Valencia Province but was unsuccessful at the first attempt. Between 1978 and 1979 he worked in the pre-autonomous government of the Valencian Community which supervised the region in preparation for the granting of full devolution of powers.

In 1979 he was elected to the Spanish Congress representing Valencia Province and was re-elected in 1982 and 1986. However, on the latter occasion he resigned one year later after being elected to the European Parliament in the 1987 elections. He remained an MEP until 1999. Subsequently, he has represented the PSOE in various roles in the Valencian Community and from 2004 to 2005 was Rector of the University of Valencia.

Valencia (Congress of Deputies constituency)
Valencia (Valencian: València) is one of the 52 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Congress of Deputies, the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency currently elects 16 deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Valencia. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional representation, with a minimum threshold of three percent.
Super Rabbit
Super Rabbit is a talking animal superhero in american comic books published by Timely Comics, a predecessor of Marvel Comics, during the 1930s and 1940s period fans and historians call the Golden Age of comic books. Created by cartoonist Ernie Hart, he first appeared in Comedy Comics #14 (cover-dated Mar. 1943).

The character appeared after Fawcett Comics' talking-animal superhero Hoppy the Marvel Bunny (debut: Fawcett's Funny Animals #1, cover-dated Dec. 1942), and before the Bugs Bunny theatrical cartoon short "Super-Rabbit" (released in April 1943).

Golden Age of Comic Books
The Golden Age of Comic Books describes an era in the history of American comic books from 1938 to 1956. During this time, modern comic books were first published and rapidly increased in popularity. The superhero archetype was created and many well-known characters were introduced, including Superman, Batman, Robin, Captain Marvel, Captain America, and Wonder Woman.
2018–19 Hellenic Football League
The 2018–19 Hellenic Football League season was the 66th in the history of the Hellenic Football League, a football competition in England.

The provisional club allocations for steps 5 and 6 were announced by the FA on 25 May 2018. The constitution was ratified by the league at its AGM on 8 July.

2017–18 Western Football League
The 2017–18 Western Football League season (known as the 2017–18 Toolstation Western Football League for sponsorship reasons) was the 116th in the history of the Western Football League, a football competition in England. Teams are divided into two divisions; the Premier and the First.

The constitution was announced on 26 May 2017.
Pyridyne
Pyridyne in chemistry is the pyridine analogue of benzyne. Pyridynes are the class of  reactive intermediates derived from pyridine. Two isomers exist, the 2,3-pyridine (2,3-didehydropyridine) and the 3,4-pyridyne (3,4-didehydropyridine).  The reaction of 3-bromo-4-chloropyridine with furan and lithium amalgam gives 1,4-epoxy-dihydroquinoline through the 2,3-pyridyne intermediate. The reaction of 4-bromopyridine with sodium in liquid ammonia gives both 3-aminopyridine and 4-aminopyridine through the 3,4-pyridyne intermediate and an E1cB-elimination reaction.

Furan
Furan is a heterocyclic organic compound, consisting of a five-membered aromatic ring with four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.  Chemical compounds containing such rings are also referred to as furans.

Furan is a colorless, flammable, highly volatile liquid with a boiling point close to room temperature. It is soluble in common organic solvents, including alcohol, ether, and acetone, and is slightly soluble in water.  Its odor is strong and chloroform-like.  It is toxic and may be carcinogenic in humans. Furan is used as a starting point for other speciality chemicals.
Stamp duty
Stamp duty is a tax that is levied on single property purchases or documents (including, historically, the majority of legal documents such as cheques, receipts, military commissions, marriage licences and land transactions). Historically, a physical revenue stamp had to be attached to or impressed upon the document to show that stamp duty had been paid before the document was legally effective. More modern versions of the tax no longer require an actual stamp.

The duty is thought to have originated in Venice in 1604, being introduced (or re-invented) in Spain in the 1610s, the Spanish Netherlands in the 1620s, France in 1651, and England in 1694.

German economist Silvio Gesell proposed in 1891 that demurrage currency could be enabled by stamp duties, which would in turn stimulate economic growth. Gesell referred to this monetary policy as Freigeld.

Commission (document)
A commission is a formal document issued to appoint a named person to high office or as a commissioned officer in a territory's armed forces.  A commission constitutes documentary authority that the person named is vested with the powers of that office and is empowered to execute official acts. A commission often takes the form of letters patent.

Commissions are typically issued in the name of or signed by the head of state. In Commonwealth realms, the documentation is referred to as a King's Commission or Queen's Commission (depending on the gender of the reigning monarch). However, in Commonwealth realms other than the United Kingdom, they may be signed by the governor-general, the representative of the monarch of that realm.
Missouri Route 366
Route 366 is a highway located completely within the St. Louis metropolitan area. It is primarily a former section of U.S. Route 66. Beginning at South Broadway/South Jefferson Avenue in St. Louis and ending at the Interstate 44/Interstate 270 interchange in Sunset Hills, it was established in 1979 when US 66 was decertified between Chicago, Illinois and Joplin, Missouri.

Through the several suburbs of St. Louis it is known as Watson Road, while in the city of St. Louis itself, it is named Chippewa Street.

Joplin, Missouri
Joplin is a city in Jasper and Newton counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. Most of the city lies in Jasper County, with the southern portion extending into Newton County. With a population of 51,762 at the 2020 census, Joplin is the 12th most-populous city in the state. The city covers an area of 38.21 square miles (99.0 km2) on the outer edge of the Ozark Mountains in southwestern Missouri. Joplin is the principal city of the three-county Joplin metropolitan area, which is home to 210,077 people and is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in Missouri. In May 2011, a violent EF5 tornado killed more than 150 people and destroyed one-third of the city.
Swimming at the 2003 World Aquatics Championships – Women's 400 metre individual medley
The Women's 400m Individual Medley event at the 10th FINA World Aquatics Championships swam 27 July 2003 in Barcelona, Spain. Preliminary heats swam in the morning session, with the top-8 finishers advancing to swim again in the Final that evening.

At the start of the event, the World (WR) and Championship (CR) records were:

WR: 4:33.59 swum by Yana Klochkova (Ukraine) on September 16, 2000 in Sydney, Australia.

CR: 4:36.10 swum by Petra Schneider (East Germany) on August 1, 1982 in Guayaquil, Ecuador

Swimming at the 1982 World Aquatics Championships
The Swimming portion of the 4th FINA World Aquatics Championships swam late July-early August 1982 in Guayaquil, Ecuador. The competition featured 19 long course (50 m) events:

freestyle - 100, 200, 400, 800 (female only) and 1500 (male only);

backstroke - 100 and 200;

breaststroke - 100 and 200;

butterfly - 100 and 200;

individual medley (IM) - 200 and 400; and

relays - 4 × 100 free, 4 × 200 free (male only) and 4 × 100 medley.
Kothuku Nanappan
Kothuku Nanappan (12 March 1935 – 26 December 1994) was an Indian theater actor, mimicry artist and film actor in Malayalam movies during the 1980s and 1990s. His popular movies are Naadodikkaattu (1987), Aanaval Mothiram (1991), Sarapanjaram (1979), Paavam Poornima (1984) and Chenkol (1993). His role as a supervisor role in the comedy film Nadodikattu (1987) is well noted for his performance.

Chenkol
Chenkol (transl. Sceptre) is a 1993 Indian Malayalam-language action drama film directed by Sibi Malayil and written by A. K. Lohithadas. A sequel to the 1989 film Kireedam, the story continues Sethumadhavan's (Mohanlal) story after his prison term and his life back into society. The movie was produced by Krishnakumar. It also features Thilakan, Surbhi Javeri Vyas, Mohan Raj, and Kaviyoor Ponnamma. The film's music was composed by Johnson.
Teacher Institute at La Academia
The Teacher Institute at La Academia (TILA) was an alternative teacher licensure program located in Denver, Colorado and was an official Colorado Department of Education Designated Agency through 2013. TILA provided alternative certification programs for individuals that had not completed a traditional teacher certification program. TILA was specially designed for people who have already received an undergraduate degree, and have the desire to change their career or enhance their professional status through teacher licensure. TILA candidates were awarded an alternative teaching license, while working as a full-time teacher in the state of Colorado. Successful completion of the year-long TILA program resulted in the recommendation of an Initial Colorado Teaching license that is valid for three years.

Undergraduate degree
An undergraduate degree (also called a first degree or simply a degree) is an academic degree awarded to a student who has completed an undergraduate program of study. In the United States, undergraduate degrees are typically offered at institutions of higher education such as colleges and universities. The most common types are the associate degree and the bachelor's degree, with the latter usually requiring at least three to four years of full-time study to complete.

In other higher education systems, the scope of undergraduate education may extend up to the level of a master's degree. This structure is found, for example, in certain science courses in the United Kingdom and in some long-cycle medicine programs in continental Europe. Such qualifications are sometimes categorized as basic academic degrees or as first professional degrees.
William Mitchell (missionary)
William Mitchell (20 November 1803 – 3 August 1870) was a Church of England priest who was the second ordained person, after Louis Giustiniani, to provide religious services in the Swan Valley area of the Swan River Colony. He worked in the Swan Parish for over 20 years before moving to Perth to take up a position working with convicts and prisoners in the Perth Gaol in Beaufort Street.

Mitchell was the first rector of the Swan Parish, an area which extended north to Gingin and Chittering and east to Toodyay and York.  The southern boundary included Guildford and Midland.

Chittering, Western Australia
Chittering is a town and rural district approximately 70 km NNE of Perth, Western Australia. It is located along the Brockman River within the Shire of Chittering. It lies between the towns of Gingin and Toodyay, in the Wheatbelt region.

The area was first explored by George Fletcher Moore in 1836 and has been known by that name since Moore recorded it on his maps. The name is Aboriginal in origin and is thought to mean place of the willie wagtails.