hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 21
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 21 (P. Oxy. 21) is a fragment of the second book of the Iliad (Β, 745-764), written in Greek. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The fragment is dated to the first or second century AD. It is housed in the Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures at the University of Chicago. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.

The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a roll. The measurements of the fragment are 200 mm × 147 mm (7.9 in × 5.8 in). The fragment contains 20 lines of text. The text is written in a large round upright uncial hand. There are rough breathings and accents.

Papyrus
Papyrus (/pəˈpaɪrəs/ pə-PY-rəs) is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing material. It was made from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus, a wetland sedge. Papyrus (plural: papyri or papyruses) can also refer to a document written on sheets of such material, joined side by side and rolled up into a scroll, an early form of a book.

Papyrus was first known to have been used in Egypt (at least as far back as the First Dynasty), as the papyrus plant was once abundant across the Nile Delta. It was also used throughout the Mediterranean region. Apart from writing material, ancient Egyptians employed papyrus in the construction of other artifacts, such as reed boats, mats, rope, sandals, and baskets.
Felix Olorunfemi
Felix Olorunfemi (born 8 June 1966) is the Anglican Bishop of Etsako in Bendel Province  of the Church of Nigeria.

He was consecrated as the second Bishop of Etsako in Lokoja in March 2020.

He had previously been Archdeacon of the Agbor-Obi Archdeaconry in Ika diocese.

Olorunfemi was born on 8 June 1966 in Okpella, Etsako, Edo State, where he went to primary school and then Ikpomaza Grammar

School and our Lady of Fatima College, Auchi.

He is a graduate of Bendel State University and of Ezekiel College of Theology, Ekpoma, with a Diploma in Theology in 2005.

Olorunfemi taught English at Mary and Martha Juniorate Convent, Igbodo, from 2002 to 2007 under the then Principal, Godfrey Ifeanyichukwu Ekpenisi.

Church of Nigeria
The Church of Nigeria, officially styled the Church of Nigeria (Anglican Communion), is the Anglican church in Nigeria. The church claims to be the second-largest province in the Anglican Communion, as measured by baptised membership (not by attendance), after the Church of England with 18 million members.

Since 2002 the Church of Nigeria has been organised into 14 ecclesiastical provinces. It has rapidly increased the number of its dioceses and bishops from 91 in 2002 to 161 as at January 2013 and 176 from September 2025. The administrative headquarters are located in Abuja. Archbishop Henry Ndukuba became its primate in 2020.
HMS Haddock
HMS Haddock was a Royal Navy schooner of four 12-pounder carronades and a crew of 20. The prime contractor for the vessel was Goodrich & Co., in Bermuda, and she was launched in 1805.

On Thursday 21st inst launched off the stocks at Mr Isaac Skinner's shipyard his Majesty's Schooner "Haddock". The above schooner is said (by every merchant and shipbuilder) to be the completest vessel ever built in Bermuda

Haddock only sailed for some three to four years before the French captured and sank her in 1809 near the English Channel. This schooner was the only Royal Navy ship ever to use the name.

Carronade
A carronade is a short, smoothbore, cast-iron cannon which was used by the Royal Navy. It was first produced by the Carron Company, an ironworks in Falkirk, Scotland, and was used from the last quarter of the 18th century to the mid-19th century. Its main function was to serve as a powerful, short-range, anti-ship and anti-crew weapon. The technology behind the carronade was greater dimensional precision, with the shot fitting more closely in the barrel, thus transmitting more of the propellant charge's energy to the projectile, allowing a lighter gun using less gunpowder to be effective.

Carronades were initially found to be very successful, but they eventually disappeared as naval artillery advanced, with the introduction of rifling and consequent change in the shape of the projectile, exploding shells replacing solid shot, and naval engagements being fought at longer ranges.
Battle of Helsinki (1713)
The Battle of Helsinki (Russian: Битва на реке Хельсинки) was fought between the Russian army under Tsar Peter the Great and Admiral Fyodor Apraksin and the defending Finnish army of Sweden under General Carl Gustaf Armfeldt between 8 and 11 May 1713, as part of the Great Northern War. It resulted in a Russian victory, leading to the Swedes commanded by Armfelt burning the entire city of Helsinki when retreating. Destroyed after the actual battle, the city changed hands twice more in the following months until it remained permanently in the hands of the Russians.

Tsardom of Russia
The Tsardom of Russia, also known as the Tsardom of Moscow, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721.

From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew by an average of 35,000 square kilometres (14,000 sq mi) per year. The period includes the upheavals of the transition from the Rurik to the Romanov dynasties, wars with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire, and the Russian conquest of Siberia, to the reign of Peter the Great, who took power in 1689 and transformed the tsardom into an empire. During the Great Northern War, he implemented substantial reforms and proclaimed the Russian Empire after victory over Sweden in 1721.
V. S. Gahmari
Vishwanath Singh Gahmari was an Indian politician and a leader of the Indian National Congress political party. He was a member of the 3rd Lok Sabha representing Ghazipur constituency in Uttar Pradesh state from 1962–67. In 1962, he raised the issue of poverty and backwardness of the Purvanchal region of Uttar Pradesh state in the Indian Parliament which resulted in the constitution of the Patel Commission by the Union government to find out the facts.

Purvanchal
Purvanchal (lit. 'Eastern region') is the region of eastern Uttar Pradesh. Purvanchal is also a proposed state in India, encompassing 32 eastern districts of Uttar Pradesh.  The proposal, introduced in the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 2011 by then Chief Minister Mayawati, aimed to divide Uttar Pradesh into four smaller states for improved administration and governance.  The proposal was rejected by the central government.
George Cartier
George Robinson Cartier (May 26, 1869 – October 21, 1944) was an American football player and lumber baron in the Pacific northwest.

Cartier was the quarterback for the first game in the history of the Notre Dame football program — a 0–8 loss to Michigan on November 23, 1887. George was the younger brother of philanthropist Warren A. Cartier, for whom the university's Cartier Field was named.

After graduating from Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana, Cartier relocated to South Bend, Washington, where he became co-founder and manager of the South Bend Mills & Timber Company, and was elected mayor of the city in 1910. In 1919, he built the Copper Creek Lodge near Mount Rainier in Ashford, Washington, and lived there with his wife and daughter until 1931.

Ashford, Washington
Ashford is a census-designated place (CDP) mostly within Pierce County, Washington, United States. Its population was 303 as of the 2020 census. The town is west of the main (Nisqually River) entrance to Mount Rainier National Park. Surrounding mountains and the narrow Nisqually River valley are heavily forested.  Some of Ashford is across the Nisqually River in Lewis County.
Kristiansand Prison
Kristiansand Prison (Norwegian: Kristiansand fengsel) was a prison in Kristiansand, Norway. It was the southernmost prison in the country. It belonged to the Norwegian Correctional Service.

It had a capacity of 44 inmates and was located to the top two floors of the police house in the city.  The prison was closed in June 2020, at the same time as Agder Prison in Mandal, with a capacity of 100 inmates, was opened.

The prison replaced a local jailhouse in 1977. The jailhouse was built in 1864 as part of the town hall. Running prisons was at the time a municipal responsibility. This prison was intended for shorter prison stays and custody. It gradually became too small and inappropriate, and was an obstacle to an extension of the street nearby. The building was therefore demolished.

Mandal, Norway
Mandal is a town in Lindesnes municipality in Agder county, Norway. Mandal is the fourth largest town in Agder as well as the administrative centre of Lindesnes municipality. It is located at the mouth of the river Mandalselva at the southern end of the Mandalen valley. The 6.63-square-kilometre (1,640-acre) town has a population (2019) of 11,053 and a population density of 1,667 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,320/sq mi). In Norway, Mandal is considered a by which can be translated as either a "town" or "city" in English.

The town lies along the European route E39 highway, about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of the town of Kristiansand and about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of the town of Flekkefjord. Mandal has a few suburban villages lying just outside its borders such as Ime immediately to the east and Sånum to the southwest. The village of Krossen lies about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the north, along the Mandalselva river.
ARA Fortuna III
The Fortuna III is a yacht owned and operated by the Argentine Navy. The ship was designed by naval architect German Frers, and she is built in carbon fiber. Fortuna III set the sailing record of 24 hours and two minutes between Buenos Aires and Mar del Plata in 2009, at an average speed of 10.5 knots.

Mar del Plata
Mar del Plata is a city of the Atlantic Coast, in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is the seat of General Pueyrredón district. Mar del Plata is the second largest city in Buenos Aires Province. The name "Mar del Plata"  is short for "Mar del Río de la Plata," and means "sea of the Río de la Plata basin" or "adjoining sea to the (River) Plate region." Mar del Plata is one of the major fishing ports and the biggest seaside beach resort in Argentina.
With a population of 682,605 as per the 2022 census [INDEC], it is the 5th largest city in Argentina.
Goussia
Goussia is a taxonomic genus, first described in 1896 by Labbé, containing parasitic protists which largely target fish and amphibians as their hosts. Members of this genus are homoxenous and often reside in the gastrointestinal tract of the host, however others may be found in organs such as the gallbladder or liver.
The genera Goussia, as current phylogenies indicate, is part of the class Conoidasida, which is a subset of the parasitic phylum Apicomplexa; features of this phylum, such as a distinct apical complex containing  specialized secretory organelles, an apical polar ring, and a conoid are all present within Goussia, and assist in the mechanical invasion of host tissue. The name Goussia is derived from the French word gousse, meaning pod. This name is based on the bi-valve sporocyst morphology which some Goussians display. Of the original 8 classified Goussians, 6 fit the “pod” morphology. As of this writing, the genera consists of 59 individual species.

Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), also known as fathead or tuffy, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, the shiners, daces and minnows.  The natural geographic range extends throughout much of North America, from central Canada south along the Rockies to Texas, and east to Virginia and the Northeastern United States.  This minnow has also been introduced to many other areas via bait bucket releases. Its golden, or xanthic, strain, known as the rosy-red minnow, is a very common feeder fish sold in the United States and Canada. This fish is also known for producing Schreckstoff (a distress signal).
Kheora
Kheora is a village in the east-central part of Bangladesh. It is located at Mehari Union under Kasba Upazila in Brahmanbaria District of Chittagong division. Administratively, the village is divided into Ward No. 7 and 8 of Mehari Union. The village is known as the birthplace of Hindu spiritual saint Anandamayi Ma.

Chittagong Division
Chittagong Division (Bengali: চট্টগ্রাম বিভাগ), officially Chattogram Division, is geographically the largest of the eight administrative Divisions of Bangladesh. It covers the southeasternmost areas of the country, with a total area of 34,529.97 km2 (13,332.10 sq mi) and a population according to the 2022 census of 33,202,326, which made it the second most populous division of Bangladesh and the 45th most populous subnational entity in the world — more populous than all but 43 other countries.
Chittagong Division is home to Cox's Bazar, the longest natural sea beach in the world; as well as St. Martin's Island, Bangladesh's sole coral reef.
20th Jogja-NETPAC Asian Film Festival
The 20th annual Jogja-NETPAC Asian Film Festival took place from 29 November to 6 December 2025 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It opened with the 35 mm screening of Garin Nugroho's 2006 film Opera Jawa and closed with Aco Tenriyagelli's directorial debut Comedy Buddy. A total of 227 films from 43 Asia-Pacific countries were screened during the festival.

A special program, Reza Rahadian: 20 Years Reflection,  commemorating the Indonesian actor's twenty years of career, took place during the festival.  An exclusive ten-minute preview of Kamila Andini's Four Seasons in Java was screened at the festival.

The most prestigious award of the festival, Golden Hanoman Award, was awarded to Cambodian supernatural drama film Becoming Human by Polen Ly.

Antoinette Jadaone
Antoinette Hilario Jadaone (Tagalog: [an.to.iˈnɛt hi.laˈɾi.o ha.daʊˈne];born April 3, 1984), sometimes credited as Tonet Jadaone, is a Filipino filmmaker and podcast host. She is best known for directing That Thing Called Tadhana (2014), Love You to the Stars and Back (2017), Never Not Love You (2018), Alone/Together (2019), and Fan Girl (2020). Jadaone was also a resident director for ABS-CBN Entertainment and Star Cinema.

Aside from directing and producing films, she is the co-host of the podcast Ang Walang Kwentang Podcast alongside fellow director JP Habac.
West Branch Croton River
The West Branch Croton River is a tributary of the Croton River in   Putnam and Westchester counties in the state of New York.  It lies within the Croton River watershed and is part of the New York City water supply system's Croton Watershed.

North Salem, New York
North Salem is the northernmost town in Westchester County, New York, United States. The town, incorporated in 1788, is a suburb of New York City, located approximately 50 miles north of Midtown Manhattan. As of the 2020 census, North Salem was recorded as possessing a population of 5,243 people living on a land area of 21.37 square miles.

Founded prior to the American Revolution, North Salem contains an amalgamation of urban and rural features, including parks, forests, lakes, and horse trails alongside commuter train service and an interstate highway. The town has been referred to as "Billionaires' Dirt Road" due to the town's rural characteristics and its relatively high proportion of wealthy residents.
Fifth Third Field (Toledo, Ohio)
Fifth Third Field is a Minor League Baseball stadium in Toledo, Ohio, United States. The facility is home to the Toledo Mud Hens, an International League team and the Triple-A affiliate of the Detroit Tigers.

The stadium seats 10,300 and opened in 2002. The stadium was named one of the best minor league ballparks in America by Newsweek. In the summer of 2007, ESPN.com rated The Roost section of Fifth Third Field as the best seats to watch a game in minor league baseball.

The Ohio-based Fifth Third Bank purchased the naming rights to the baseball stadium.

Ballpark
A ballpark, or baseball park, is a type of sports venue where baseball is played. The playing field is divided into two field sections called the infield and the outfield. The infield is an area whose dimensions are rigidly defined in part based on the placement of bases, and the outfield is where dimensions can vary widely from ballpark to ballpark. A larger ballpark may also be called a baseball stadium because it shares characteristics of other stadiums.
Isabella Ragonese
Isabella Ragonese (born 19 May 1981) is an Italian actress.

She studied acting at the Teatès School in Palermo, under director Michele Perriera. During her studies, she wrote, directed and starred in several adaptations of his plays. In 1998 she won the first prize at INDA (National Institute for Ancient Drama), with a short essay on the figure of Hecuba. She graduated in 2000 with a diploma in acting.

She starred in her first film Nuovomondo in 2006, directed by Emanuele Crialese.

She is engaged to Samuel Umberto Romano, lead singer of the group Subsonica.

Hecuba
In Greek mythology, Hecuba (/ˈhɛkjʊbə/; also Hecabe; Ancient Greek: Ἑκάβη, romanized: Hekábē, pronounced [hekábɛ:]) was the wife of King Priam and queen of Troy during the Trojan War. With Priam, she was the mother of the warriors Hector and Troilus; Helen's suitor Paris; and the prophetess Cassandra.
Moose Falls
Moose Falls (height 30 feet (9.1 m)) is a plunge type waterfall on Crawfish Creek in Yellowstone National Park. The waterfall was named in 1885 by members of the Arnold Hague Geologic Survey for the plentiful moose found in the southern sections of the park. The falls are just 75 yards (69 m) west of south entrance road via an easy trail that begins 1.2 miles (1.9 km) north of the south entrance station.

Arnold Hague
Arnold Hague (December 3, 1840 – May 14, 1917) was an American geologist who did many geological surveys in the U.S., of which the best known was that for Yellowstone National Park. He also had assignments in China and Guatemala. He became a member of the United States Geological Survey in 1879 when it was first organized.
Giovanni Battista Buonocore
Giovanni Battista Buonocore (1643 in Campli, Province of Teramo, Abruzzo – 22 May 1699 in Rome) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period. He became Rector (1679), then Principe (1698) (replacing the Maratta) of the Accademia di San Luca of Rome.

Province of Teramo
The province of Teramo (Italian: provincia di Teramo; Abruzzese: pruvìngie de Tèreme) is a province in the Abruzzo region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Teramo. The province has an area of 1,948 square kilometres (752 sq mi), a population of 313,029 (2012), and is subdivided into 47 comuni (sg.: comune), see comunes of the province of Teramo. The province of Teramo shares its northern border with the province of Ascoli Piceno in the Marche region, southern and southwestern borders with the province of L'Aquila in the Abruzzo region, and a western border with the province of Rieti in the Lazio region. To the south is the province of Pescara in the Abruzzo region and to the east is the Adriatic Sea.
Parallel process
Parallel process is a phenomenon noted in clinical supervision by therapist and supervisor, whereby the therapist recreates, or parallels, the client's problems by way of relating to the supervisor. The client's transference and the therapist's countertransference thus re-appear in the mirror of the therapist/supervisor relationship.

Countertransference
Countertransference is a widely established concept originating in Freudian psychotherapy, in which a therapist's own history and emotions affect how they feel about and treat the patient. It can be a response to transference, in which the patient's history affects how they feel about and react to the therapist.
Oreto
The Oreto is a 22-kilometre (14 mi) river in Sicily. Its source is located between Altofonte and Monreale, a few kilometers from Palermo. It gives the name to the Oreto Valley and crosses the south-east portion of the city before flowing into the Tyrrhenian Sea.

Called "Wādī al-ʿAbbās" during the Islamic period, the river has had an important role in the history of Palermo. In the 12th century, in order to cross it, the Ammiratus ammiratorum George of Antioch built the Admiral's Bridge.

Amir al-umara
The office of amir al-umara (Arabic: أمير الأمراء, romanized: amīr al-umarāʾ), variously rendered in English as emir of emirs, prince of princes, chief emir, and commander of commanders, was a senior military position in the 10th-century Abbasid Caliphate, whose holders in the decade after 936 came to supersede the civilian bureaucracy under the vizier and become effective regents, relegating the Abbasid caliphs to a purely ceremonial role. The office then formed the basis for the Buyid control over the Abbasid caliphs and over Iraq until the mid-11th century.

The title continued in use by Muslim states in the Middle East, but was mostly restricted to senior military leaders. It was also used in Norman Sicily for a few of the king's chief ministers.
Strengthened parliamentary system
A strengthened parliamentary system (Turkish: Güçlendirilmiş parlamenter sistem), also referred to as an enhanced and strengthened parliamentary system (Turkish: İyileştirilmiş ve güçlendirilmiş parlamenter sistem), is a form of government conceived by the Nation Alliance, which consists of six Turkish political parties: the Republican People's Party, the Good Party, the Democracy and Progress Party, the Future Party, the Felicity Party and the Democrat Party. It is proposed as an alternative to the presidential system effectuated by the ruling People's Alliance following the 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum. Being rooted in a parliamentary system, it envisages a complete overhauling of Turkey's system of government. Although the details of the proposed system are yet to be disclosed, parties have put forth that it constitutes the restoration of the rule of law, reinforcement of parliamentary authority, and extensive restraints on presidential powers.

People's Alliance (Turkey)
The People's Alliance (Turkish: Cumhur İttifakı), abbreviated as PEOPLE (Turkish: CUMHUR), is an electoral alliance in Turkey, established in February 2018 between the ruling Justice and Development Party (AK Party) and the formerly opposition Nationalist Movement Party (MHP). The alliance was formed to contest the 2018 general election, and brings together the political parties supporting the re-election of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Its main rival is the Nation Alliance, which was originally created by four opposition parties in 2018 and was re-established in 2019.
Alix Popham
Alix Jon Popham (born 17 October 1979) is a Welsh former rugby union player who played as a number eight or flanker. Born in Newport, he began his career with Newport RFC in 1998, before moving to Leeds Tykes in 2002. He spent three years in England before returning to Wales with the Llanelli Scarlets in 2005. In 2008, he moved to France to play for Brive and was made captain ahead of the 2009–10 season. He retired due to injury at the end of the 2010–11 season, having made over 320 appearances in 13 years as a professional. He also played internationally for the Wales national team, earning 33 caps.

Flanker (rugby union)
Flanker is a position in the sport of rugby union. Each team of 15 players includes two flankers, who play in the forwards, and are generally classified as either blindside or openside flankers, numbers 6 and 7 respectively. The name comes from their position in a scrum in which they 'flank' each set of forwards. They compete for the ball – most commonly in rucks and mauls. Flankers also assist in pushing in a scrum, but are expected to detach from the scrum as soon as the ball is out to get to the play before the opposition's forwards. Flankers also participate in line-outs, either being lifted to contest or win possession, or to lift other players. Flankers are usually the key participants in the tackling process. The flankers, especially the openside, are often the fastest forwards on the team but still relied upon for tackling.