hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arboricity
The arboricity of an undirected graph is the minimum number of forests into which its edges can be partitioned. Equivalently it is the minimum number of spanning forests needed to cover all the edges of the graph. The Nash-Williams theorem provides necessary and sufficient conditions for when a graph is k-arboric.

Graph partition
In mathematics, a graph partition is the reduction of a graph to a smaller graph by partitioning its set of nodes into mutually exclusive groups. Edges of the original graph that cross between the groups will produce edges in the partitioned graph. If the number of resulting edges is small compared to the original graph, then the partitioned graph may be better suited for analysis and problem-solving than the original. Finding a partition that simplifies graph analysis is a hard problem, but one that has applications to scientific computing, VLSI circuit design, and task scheduling in multiprocessor computers, among others. Recently, the graph partition problem has gained importance due to its application for clustering and detection of cliques in social, pathological and biological networks. For a survey on recent trends in computational methods and applications see Buluc et al. (2013).
Two common examples of graph partitioning are minimum cut and maximum cut problems.
Battle of Apóstoles
The Battle of Apóstoles was an encounter between the Luso-Brazilian forces under Francisco das Chagas Santos and  the Artiguist forces led by Andrés Guazurary, popularly known as Andresito, in Apóstoles.

Brazilian general Chagas Santos had attacked the territory of the Misiones, conquering and destroying many villages. He then turned to the Headquarters of Andresito, Apósteles. The artiguist commander awaited him, inflicting heavy losses on the Portuguese and forcing them to retreat.

Apóstoles
Apóstoles is a city in the province of Misiones, Argentina. It has 40,858 inhabitants as per the 2001 census [INDEC], and is the seat of government of Apóstoles Department. It is located on the southwest of the province, 60 km south from the provincial capital Posadas and 27 km from the international Argentina–Brazil border.

Apóstoles is the National Capital of yerba mate, and hosts an annual festival dedicated to this plant, the basis of the popular mate infusion.

The town was established as a Jesuit reduction in 1652. The first wave of immigrants, mainly Polish and Ukrainian, arrived in 1897. The municipality was officially created on 28 November 1913.
Mwesa Isaiah Mapoma
Mwesa Isaiah Mapoma is one of Zambia's best-known ethnomusicologists and is considered by many as a pioneer in the field of African ethnomusicology. He was born in Kombaniya village in Mansa on November 2, 1936, and died on November 16, 2020. A graduate of Zambia's famed Munali Boy's Secondary School, and Trinity College in London, Dr. Mapoma received his Doctorate in Music from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). His dissertation research focused on the royal musicians of the Bemba people in Zambia's Luapula Province. His field recordings are preserved in the UCLA ethnomusicology archive. Dr. Mapoma is remembered as tireless champion of African arts, culture, music and tradition.

Luapula River
The Luapula River is a north-flowing river of central Africa, within the Congo River watershed. It rises in the wetlands of Lake Bangweulu (Zambia), which are fed by the Chambeshi River. The Luapula flows west then north, marking the border between Zambia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo before emptying into Lake Mweru. The river gives its name to Zambia's Luapula Province.
Jagdeep
Syed Ishtiaq Ahmed Jaffrey (29 March 1939 – 8 July 2020), better known by his stage name Jagdeep, was an Indian actor and comedian who appeared in more than 400 films. He played Soorma Bhopali in Sholay (1975), Machchar in Purana Mandir (1983), Salman Khan's dad in Andaz Apna Apna (1994) and directed the film Soorma Bhopali, with his character as the protagonist.

AVM Productions
AVM Productions is an Indian film production studio founded by A. V. Meiyappa Chettiar. It is the oldest film studio in India. The filming studios are located in Vadapalani, Chennai. It has produced over 300 films in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam and Hindi cinema. AVM has introduced numerous actors in Southern industries, some of the prominent actors are Superstar Sivaji Ganesan, Rajkumar, S. S. Rajendran, Vyjayanthimala, Kamal Haasan and many more. The AVM Studios besides the shooting floors, has recording, dubbing and a preview theatre. The complex also houses facilities for production and post production processing.
Beach Channel station
Beach Channel was a Long Island Rail Road station on the Rockaway Beach Branch in Broad Channel, Queens, New York. It was located on the north end of the Beach Channel Drawbridge across from the north leg of the Hammels Wye.

Broad Channel, Queens
Broad Channel is a neighborhood in the southern portion of the New York City borough of Queens. It occupies Rulers Bar Hassock, the only inhabited island in Jamaica Bay.

The neighborhood stands on Big Egg Marsh, an area of fill approximately 20 blocks long and 4 blocks wide at the south end of Rulers Bar Hassock. The community is an inholding within the Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge, managed by the U.S. National Park Service as part of the Gateway National Recreation Area. The area comprises several artificial canals separating dead-end residential blocks. It is connected to the rest of Queens by road and subway bridges.

Broad Channel is located in Queens Community District 14 and its ZIP Code is 11693. Broad Channel is one of the New York City neighborhoods most vulnerable to flooding. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 100th Precinct.
White House (Huntsville, North Carolina)
The White House, also known as H. H. Sofley House, is a historic home located at Huntsville,  Yadkin County, North Carolina.  It was built about 1795, and is a two-story, heavy timber frame, Early Republic / Late Georgian style dwelling with a Quaker plan. It has one-story rear frame additions dated to the late-19th and early-20th century. The front facade features a double-tier, full-width shed porch.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Yadkin County, North Carolina
Yadkin County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The population was 37,214 at the 2020 census. Its county seat is Yadkinville. Yadkin County is included in the Winston-Salem, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC Combined Statistical Area.
Candy Shop
"Candy Shop" is the second single by rapper 50 Cent from his second commercial album, The Massacre (2005). It features Olivia and was written by 50 Cent and the song's producer, Scott Storch. The single was released through Interscope Records, Eminem's Shady Records, Dr. Dre's Aftermath Entertainment, and 50 Cent's G-Unit Records.

"Candy Shop" peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming 50 Cent's third number one single and fifth top-ten single. It received mixed reviews from critics, with some calling it a retread of 50 Cent's collaboration with Lil' Kim on "Magic Stick" (2003). At the 2006 Grammy Awards, it was nominated for Best Rap Song, and at the 2005 MTV Video Music Awards, the music video was nominated for Best Male Video.

G-Unit Records
G-Unit Records is an American record label, owned by Universal Music Group. Founded on October 15, 2002 by rapper 50 Cent and his business partner, Sha Money XL, the label was operated by Interscope Records until February 2014. Thereafter, distribution of G-Unit operated under Caroline Records and Capitol Music Group. The label had also launched the subsidiary label G-Note Records, which caters to R&B and pop. The label's flagship artist is its founder 50 Cent.
Jaffna hospital massacre
The Jaffna hospital massacre occurred on October 21 and 22, 1987, during the Sri Lankan Civil War, when troops of the Indian Peace Keeping Force entered the premises of the Jaffna Teaching Hospital in Jaffna, Sri Lanka, an island nation in South Asia, and killed between 60 and 70 patients and staff. The rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, the government of Sri Lanka, and independent observers such as the University Teachers for Human Rights and others have called it a massacre of civilians.

However, the Indian Army maintains that the soldiers were fired upon and the Indian army officer in charge of the military operations, Lt. Gen. Depinder Singh, claimed that these civilians were killed in a crossfire between soldiers and rebels. Soldiers responsible for this massacre were not prosecuted by the Indian government.

Massacre
A massacre is an event of killing defenseless human beings or other animals. It is generally used to describe a targeted mass killing of civilians by an armed group. It can also be used figuratively to refer to a one-sided exchange between armed groups. The word is a loan of a French term for "butchery" or "carnage". Other terms with overlapping scope include war crime, pogrom, mass killing, mass murder, and extrajudicial killing.
Swimming at the 1959 Pan American Games – Men's 1500 metre freestyle
The men's 1500 metre freestyle competition of the swimming events at the 1959 Pan American Games took place on 31 August (preliminaries)  and 4 September (finals). The last Pan American Games champion was James McLane of US.

This race consisted of thirty lengths of the pool, all lengths being in freestyle.

Jimmy McLane
James Price McLane Jr. (September 13, 1930 – December 13, 2020) was an American competition swimmer who competed for Yale University, a three-time Olympic champion, and a world record-holder.  In 1945-48, in his peak years as a swimming competitor, as an exceptional middle distance swimmer, he captured two Olympic gold medals, and thirteen championships on the national level, winning another gold medal in the 4x200 meter freestyle relay at the 1952 Olympics.

McLane was born September 13, 1930 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.  In his youth he swam for Akron, Ohio's Firestone Swim Club under Head Coach Harold Minto. At the age of 13, he won the four-mile swim at the national AAU outdoor long-distance championships while a swimmer for the Firestone Club. As a student at Phillips Academy in Andover, MA, which he attended on a swimming scholarship, he set national high school records in the 200-yard freestyle, 220-yard freestyle, and 440-yard freestyle.
Spencer Madsen
Spencer Madsen is a contemporary American poet and small press publisher. He is a Brooklyn-based contemporary writer as well as the founding editor of Sorry House, an independent publishing press in New York City. Madsen is part of a genre of independent poetry that is unique in its association with the New Sincerity  movement as well as its use of social media platforms  as its main source of publicity. He is described by The Fader magazine as "a writer who will, with equal enthusiasm, tweet a selfie of his butt and write the sincerest, saddest line of poetry you've ever read."

New sincerity
New sincerity (closely related to and sometimes described as synonymous with post-postmodernism) is a trend in music, aesthetics, literary fiction, film criticism, poetry, literary criticism and philosophy that generally describes creative works that expand upon and break away from concepts of postmodernist irony and cynicism.

Its usage dates back to the mid-1980s; however, it was popularized in the 1990s by American author David Foster Wallace.
Dumalla
The Dumalla is a type of turban worn by Sikhs. This turban is worn mainly by Sikhs who are initiated into the Khalsa, through participating in the Amrit Sanchar but can be worn by all Sikhs. However, the more common one is the Dastar. The word Dumalla means "Du" meaning two and "Malla" meaning cloth or fabric. This is because there will usually be one fabric to form the base of the turban and a second to wrap around the base to form the turban itself. There many different types of Dumalla, in many different sizes and colours.

Amrit Sanskar
Amrit Sanskar (Punjabi: ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤ ਸੰਸਕਾਰ, romanized: Amrita sansakāra, pronunciation: [ãːmɾʱɪt̪ sә̃nskäːɚ], lit. "nectar ceremony") is one of the four Sikh Sanskars. The Amrit Sanskar is the initiation rite introduced by Guru Gobind Singh when he founded the Khalsa in 1699.

A Sikh who has been initiated into the Khalsa ('pure'; the Sikh brotherhood) is considered to be Amritdhari (baptised, lit. 'amrit taker') or Khalsa ('pure'). Those who undergo initiation are expected to dedicate themselves to Waheguru (Almighty God) and work toward the establishment of the Khalsa Raj.
Dolce Vita (Sophie Ellis-Bextor song)
"Dolce Vita" is a song by English singer and songwriter Sophie Ellis-Bextor. It was released on 25 July 2025 through Decca Records, as the fifth single from her eighth studio album, Perimenopop (2025).

Karma Kid
Sam Knowles, known professionally as Karma Kid, is a British record producer and DJ. Since 2012 he has been releasing music under his own alias and as the electronic duo Shy Luv. Karma Kid also produces other artists' works.
WPBM-CD
WPBM-CD (channel 31) is a low-power, Class A religious independent television station in Scottsville, Kentucky, United States. The station is owned by Scottsville businessman and minister Marvey B. Wood and his late wife, Frances. They are the sole owners of the station, doing business as Proclaim Broadcasting, Inc.

WPBM-CD's studio and transmitter site are located along U.S. Route 31E near Barren River Lake in rural northeastern Allen County, not too far from the county's northeastern boundary with Barren County.

Allen County, Kentucky
Allen County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 20,588. Its county seat and only municipality is Scottsville. The county is named for Colonel John Allen, a state senator and soldier who was killed leading the 1st Regiment of Kentucky Rifleman at the Battle of Frenchtown, Michigan during the War of 1812. Allen County was a dry county until 2023, when it voted to legalize the sale of alcohol. It was formed in 1815 from parts of Barren and Warren counties. Allen County is included in the Bowling Green, KY Metropolitan Statistical Area.
PNLD
The PNLD (Police National Legal Database) is a British online police information resource of criminal justice legislation accessible online. The organisation is managed by the West Yorkshire Police and its database contains Acts of Parliament, Common Law, Regulations, Orders and Byelaws, Case Summaries and the National Standard Offence Wordings and Codes that are used in the court system of England and Wales.

PNLD is funded through subscriptions from the 43 home office police forces in England and Wales, the British Transport Police, the Crown Prosecution Service, the Independent Office for Police Conduct, and His Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service.

British Transport Police
The British Transport Police (BTP; Welsh: Heddlu Trafnidiaeth Prydeinig) is a national special police force that polices the railway network of Great Britain (England and Wales, and Scotland), which consists of over 10,000 miles of track and 3,000 stations and depots.

BTP also polices the London Underground, Docklands Light Railway, West Midlands Metro, Tramlink, part of the Tyne and Wear Metro, Glasgow Subway and the London Cable Car.

The force is funded primarily by the rail industry.
KJEB
KJEB (95.7 FM) is a commercial radio station in Seattle, Washington. It broadcasts a classic hits radio format and is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. The radio studios and offices are in Seattle's Belltown neighborhood northwest of downtown.

KJEB has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts. The transmitter is on 173rd Avenue SE in Issaquah, Washington, on Cougar Mountain. KJEB broadcasts using HD Radio technology. The HD-2 digital subchannel simulcasts the sports radio format on KJR; the HD-3 subchannel formerly carried the iHeartRadio soft adult contemporary service known as "The Breeze." The HD3 subchannel has since been turned off.

Digital subchannel
In broadcasting, digital subchannels are a method of transmitting more than one independent program stream simultaneously from the same digital radio or television station on the same radio frequency channel. This is done by using data compression techniques to reduce the size of each individual program stream, and multiplexing to combine them into a single signal. The practice is sometimes called "multicasting".
Afrocubanismo
Afrocubanismo was an artistic and social movement in black-themed Cuban culture with origins in the 1920s, as in works by the cultural anthropologist Fernando Ortiz. The Afrocubanismo movement focused on establishing the legitimacy of black identity in Cuban society, culture, and art. The movement developed in the interwar period when white intellectuals in Cuba acknowledged openly the significance of African culture in Cuba. Afro-Cuban artistic expressions helped integrate the marginalized black community into mainstream Cuban society and art. Since its inception, Afro-Cuban Humanities has emerged as a major area of collegiate studies, and Afrocubanismo's influences can be seen in Cuban literature, painting, music, theater, and sculpture.

Intellectual
An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about the nature of reality, especially the nature of society and proposed solutions for its normative problems. Coming from the world of culture, either as a creator or as a mediator, the intellectual participates in politics, either to defend a concrete proposition or to denounce an injustice, usually by either rejecting, producing or extending an ideology, and by defending a system of values.
Wichita Stealth
The Wichita Stealth was an arena football team. They played their home games at the Kansas Coliseum in Wichita, Kansas.  They originally began play in the original incarnation of the Indoor Football League as a 2000 expansion team known as the Wichita Warlords before the league folded, in which they moved to the AF2 and became the Stealth. They only got to the playoffs once during their five-year existence, where they had an early exit (courtesy of the Hawaiian Islanders).  After an 8–8 season in 2004, the team officially disbanded and ceased all operations. After Intrust Bank Arena opened, there were rumors that the Stealth might be reincarnated, but the talks died down, and nothing ever surfaced. Now the Wichita Force of Champions Indoor Football, play there.

Wichita Force
The Wichita Force were a professional indoor football team based in Wichita, Kansas, with home games in Wichita Ice Center. The team was founded in 2014 as an expansion franchise in the Champions Indoor Football league for the 2015 season. The Force's membership in the CIF was revoked prior to the 2022 season and the team joined the new Arena Football Association.
César Menacho (sport shooter)
César David Menacho Flores (born October 14, 1964 in Santa Cruz de la Sierra) is a Bolivian sport shooter. At age forty-three, Menacho made his official debut for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed in men's trap shooting. He placed thirty-fourth out of thirty-five shooters in the two-day qualifying rounds, with a total hit of 106 targets. For being the oldest member of the team, Menacho became the nation's flag bearer at the opening ceremony.

Shooting at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's trap
The men's trap event at the 2008 Summer Olympics took place on August 9 and 10 at the Beijing Shooting Range Clay Target Field. There were 35 competitors from 25 nations, with each nation having up to two shooters. The Czech Republic won its second shooting gold in two days through David Kostelecký, shooting a perfect 25 in the final round and establishing an Olympic record of 146 hits total after a 2005 rule change. It was the Czech Republic's first medal in the men's trap (though two men from what is now the Czech Republic won medals competing for Czechoslovakia). Giovanni Pellielo of Italy repeated as the silver medalist; in addition to his 2000 bronze, this made Pellielo the first (and, as of the 2016 Games, still the only) man to earn at least three medals in the event; he would go on to win a fourth (another silver) in 2016. Defending Olympic champion Aleksei Alipov of Russia took bronze this year, making him the fifth man to earn two medals in the trap.
1992 Trofeo Villa de Madrid – Doubles
Gustavo Luza and Cássio Motta were the defending champions, but Luza did not compete this year. Motta teamed up with Jorge Lozano and lost in the first round to Christian Miniussi and Diego Pérez

Patrick Galbraith and Patrick McEnroe won the title by defeating Francisco Clavet and Carlos Costa 6–3, 6–2 in the final.

Christian Miniussi
Christian Carlos Miniussi Ventureira (born 5 July 1967) is a former tennis player from Argentina.

Miniussi turned professional in 1984. He started playing tennis at the Adrogué Tennis Club and he also represented his native country as a lucky loser at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, where he was defeated in the first round by France's Fabrice Santoro. In the doubles competition Miniussi claimed the bronze medal alongside Javier Frana.

The right-hander won one career title in singles (São Paulo, 1991). He reached his highest singles ATP-ranking on 18 May 1992, when he became the number 57 of the world.
Ludgvan (electoral division)
Ludgvan (Cornish: Lujuan) was an electoral division of Cornwall in the United Kingdom which returned one member to sit on Cornwall Council between 2009 and 2021. It was abolished at the 2021 local elections, being split between Ludgvan, Madron, Gulval and Heamoor, Long Rock, Marazion and St Erth, St Ives East, Lelant and Carbis Bay, and St Ives West and Towednack.

The same name was also used for a division of Cornwall Council between 1973 and 2009 which returned one member, and a division of Penwith District Council which returned 3 members between 1973 and 2004.

Penwith
Penwith (/ˌpɛnˈwɪθ/; Cornish: Pennwydh) is an area of Cornwall, England, located on the peninsula of the same name. It is also the name of a former local government district, whose council was based in Penzance. The area is named after one of the ancient administrative hundreds of Cornwall which derives from two Cornish words, penn meaning 'headland' and wydh meaning 'at the end'.

Natural England have designated the peninsula as national character area 156 and named it West Penwith. It is also known as the Land's End Peninsula.
Tyndinsky District
Tyndinsky District  (Russian: Ты́ндинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty in Amur Oblast, Russia. The area of the district is 83,258 square kilometers (32,146 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Tynda (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 16,065 (2010 Census); 16,701 (2002 Census); 35,067 (1989 Soviet census).

Amur Oblast
Amur Oblast (/əˈmʊər ˈɒblæst/) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located on the banks of the Amur and Zeya rivers in the Russian Far East. The oblast borders Heilongjiang province of the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the south.

The administrative center of the oblast, the city of Blagoveshchensk, is one of the oldest settlements in the far east of the country, founded in 1856. It is a traditional center of trade and gold mining. The territory is accessed by two railways: the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal–Amur Mainline. As of the 2021 Census, the oblast's population was 766,912.