hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Élémir Bourges
Élémir Bourges (French pronunciation: [elemiʁ buʁʒ]; 26 March 1852, Manosque, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence – 13 November 1925) was a French novelist. A winner of the Goncourt Prize, he was also a member of the Académie Goncourt. Bourges, who accused the Naturalists of having "belittled and deformed man", was closely linked with the Decadent and Symbolist modes in literature. His works, which include the 1884 novel Le Crépuscule des dieux ("the Twilight of the Gods"), were informed by both Richard Wagner and the Elizabethan dramatists.

Naturalism (literature)
Naturalism is a literary movement beginning in the late nineteenth century, similar to literary realism in its rejection of Romanticism, but distinct in its embrace of determinism, detachment, scientific objectivism, and social commentary. Literary naturalism emphasizes observation and the scientific method in the fictional portrayal of reality. Naturalism includes detachment, in which the narrator maintains an impersonal tone and disinterested point of view; determinism, which is defined as the opposite of free will, in which a character's fate has been decided, even predetermined, by impersonal forces of nature beyond human control; and a sense that the universe itself is indifferent to human life. The novel would be an experiment where the author could discover and analyze the forces, or scientific laws, that influenced behavior, and these included emotion, heredity, and environment. The movement largely traces to the theories of French author Émile Zola.
Parapotamos
Parapotamos (Greek: Παραπόταμος, before 1928: Βάρφανη - Varfani) is a village and a former municipality in Thesprotia, Epirus, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Igoumenitsa, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 60.334 km2. Population 969 (2021). The village of Parapotamos, the former municipality's seat, was home to Cham Albanians, before 1944, when they were expelled for collaborating with Nazi forces.

Thesprotia
Thesprotia (/θɛsˈproʊʃə/; Greek: Θεσπρωτία, pronounced [θesproˈtia]) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the Epirus region. Its capital and largest town is Igoumenitsa. Thesprotia is named after the Thesprotians, an ancient Greek tribe that inhabited the region in antiquity.
Brain in the Wire
Brain in the Wire is a compilation by Brainwashed Recordings, which is a collection of mostly rare, unreleased alternate versions of songs by many influential groups that Brainwashed's website promotes hosting for. The first CDs of the set were originally available individually through The Wire and eventually released as a 3-CD box set.

!!!
!!! (/tʃ(ɪ)k tʃ(ɪ)k tʃ(ɪ)k/
CH(I)K CH(I)K CH(I)K), also known as Chk Chk Chk, is an American band from Sacramento, California. Formed in 1996 by lead singer Nic Offer, members of !!! came from other local bands such as the Yah Mos, Black Liquorice and Pope Smashers. They are currently based in New York City. The band's ninth album, Let It Be Blue, was released in May 2022.
Mangaloreans
Mangaloreans (Tulu: Kudladaklu; Kannada: Mangaloorinavaruu; Konkani: Kodialkar; Beary: Maikaltanga; Urdu: Kaudalvale) are a collection of diverse ethnic groups that hail from the historical locales of South Canara (Tulunaad) on the south western coast of Karnataka, India, particularly the residents native to Mangaluru (Mangalore).

Gaud Saraswat Brahmin
Gaud Saraswat Brahmins (GSB) (also Goud or Gawd), also known as Shenvis are a Hindu community of contested caste status and identity. They primarily speak Konkani and its various dialects as their mother tongue.

They claim to be Saraswat Brahmins who initially migrated to Konkan from Gaud, per Puranic accounts. Upon moving out of Goa during Portuguese occupation, their claims of Brahminhood were rejected both to the north of Goa, by the Deshastha, Chitpavan and Karhade Brahmins of Maharashtra, and to the south, by the Nambudiri Brahmins of Kerala.

The GSBs were traditionally traders and even as early as the 1400s they conducted commerce across the Indian Ocean. In the Maratha empire, they also served as administrators.
Nayabazar
Nayabazar is a in West Sikkim District of the Indian state of Sikkim. Covering an urban area of 0.12 kilometres (0.075 mi), it lies close  to the confluence of Rangeet River and Rammam River some 109 kilometres (68 mi) by road from the state capital Gangtok and 25km from Darjeeling.

Rangeet River
The Rangeet or Rangit is a tributary of the Teesta River, which is the largest river in the Indian state of Sikkim. The Rangeet originates in the Himalayan mountains in West Sikkim district. The river also forms the boundary between Sikkim and Darjeeling district. A perennial river, it is fed by the melting snow of the Himalayas in early summer and the monsoon rains in June–September. It is popular among rafting enthusiasts owing to its turbulent waters. The river flows past the towns of Jorethang, Pelling and Legship. During its final few kilometres, it joins the Teesta River at a confluence known as Tribeni, which is a popular picnic spot. The Rangeet River has an NHPC hydropower plant with a capacity of 60 megawatts (80,000 hp) in Sikkim.
Instant Karma (record label)
Instant Karma is an independent record label created by former Warner Music Group chairman and head of the BPI, Rob Dickins, in 1999.
The label was founded by Dickins after his resignation from Warner Music, where he gained fame for his track record of signing female vocalists such as Enya and the Corrs. Instant Karma's first release was Helicopter Girl's How to Steal the World album in June 2000; the label received attention for the fact that its very first release was short-listed for the Mercury Prize. Helicopter Girl signed with Instant Karma on the condition that she be permitted not to tour.

Dickins noted that he was pleased to have How to Steal the World as the label's "calling card", but that he planned other releases to have more immediate commercial appeal.

The label was funded by Sony Music UK. British DJ/producer K-Gee's first solo single and album were released on Instant Karma in October 2000 and October 2002, respectively.

Mercury Prize
The Mercury Prize, formerly called the Mercury Music Prize, is an annual music prize awarded for the best album released by a musical act from the United Kingdom or Ireland. It was created by Jon Webster and Robert Chandler in association with the British Phonographic Industry and British Association of Record Dealers in 1992 as an alternative to the Brit Awards.
FC Korsholm
FC Korsholm is a football club from Korsholm, the mainly Swedish-speaking municipality that surrounds the city of Vaasa, in Finland. The club was formed in 1998 and their home ground is at the Botniahalli, Sepänkylän keskusurheilukenttä.  The men's first team currently plays in the Kolmonen (Third Division).

Kakkonen
Kakkonen or II divisioona is the fourth level in the league system of Finnish football and comprises 36 Finnish football teams. Until the end of 2023, Kakkonen was the third-highest level in Finland, but after the creation of new second-tier Ykkösliiga, Kakkonen also dropped down one level in the league pyramid. The new fourth-tier Kakkonen is divided to three groups, each consisting of 10 teams.

The II divisioona was introduced in 1973 and in the mid-1990s became known as the Kakkonen (Finnish for 'Number Two'; Swedish: Tvåan). Sakari Tukiainen finished the season 2014 as the top goal scorer and setting a new league record with 40 goals for the Kakkonen. Petter Meyer finished the 2015 as the top goal scorer for GrIFK with 23 goals.
Malayotyphlops ruber
Malayotyphlops ruber, also known as the Samar blind snake or red worm snake, is a species of snake in the family Typhlopidae. It is endemic to the Philippines, where it is widely distributed. Its type locality is Samar.

Malayotyphlops ruber occurs in secondary forest and wooded grasslands. It is a widespread and adaptable species that is not facing major threats. It is found in the Mount Apo National Park and Camotes Island Mangrove Swamp Forest Reserve.

Mount Apo
Mount Apo is the highest mountain peak in the Philippines, with an elevation of 2,954 meters (9,692 ft) above sea level. A large solfataric, dormant stratovolcano, it is part of the Apo-Talomo Mountain Range of Mindanao island. Apo is situated on the tripartite border of Davao City, Davao del Sur, and Cotabato; its peak is visible from Davao City 45 kilometers (28 mi) to the northeast, Digos 25 kilometers (16 mi) to the southeast, and Bansalan 20 kilometers (12 mi) to the west. Apo is a protected area and is the centerpiece of Mount Apo Natural Park.
Bioscopewala
Bioscopewala (transl. Man with a bioscope) is an Indian Hindi-language drama film directed by Deb Medhekar, and produced by Sunil Doshi. The film stars Danny Denzongpa and Geetanjali Thapa in lead roles and had its world premiere at the 30th Tokyo International Film Festival on 28 October 2017. The film is an adaptation of Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore's 1892 short story Kabuliwala and  released on 25 May 2018 in India. The official trailer of the film was released on YouTube by Fox Star Studios on 8 May 2018. Bioscopewala has taken forward the timeline of Kabuliwala, the original story written by Rabindranath Tagore, from the 19th century to somewhere in the 1980s during the Taliban regime and changed the profession of Rehmat, the central character, from a dry fruit seller to a man who goes around showing films to children through his bioscope.

Brijendra Kala
Brijendra Kala is an Indian film and theatre actor known for his realistic portrayals of everyday characters in Hindi cinema. He has appeared in many notable films and web series since the early 2000s, often in supporting roles that have received praise from critics and audiences alike for their natural style and subtle humor. He gained attention for his small roles in mainstream cinema.
James Fentress
James Fentress (February 16, 1763 – June 20, 1843) was a Tennessee politician and Speaker of the Tennessee House of Representatives. Born in New Hanover County, North Carolina in 1763, he moved to Montgomery County, Tennessee in 1800. He was elected to the Tennessee House of Representatives as a Democrat in 1809. He served as Speaker of the House from 1815 to 1817 and again from 1819 to 1825. Fentress later served as chairman of the Montgomery County Court and was on the committee that chose the county seats of Carroll, Gibson, Haywood, and Weakley counties.

Fentress County, Tennessee was named for Fentress, as was its county seat of Jamestown. Fentress helped pass the law that created the county in 1823.

Tennessee House of Representatives
The Tennessee House of Representatives is the lower house of the Tennessee General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Tennessee. The House convenes, along with the Senate, at the Tennessee State Capitol in Nashville.
1891 Birthday Honours
The 1891 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen, and were published in the London Gazette on 29 May 1891 and in The Times on 30 May 1891.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom and the British Overseas Territories, personal bravery, achievement, or service are rewarded with honours. The honours system consists of three types of award:

Honours are used to recognise merit in terms of achievement and service;

Decorations tend to be used to recognise specific deeds;

Medals are used to recognise service on a particular operation or in a specific theatre, long or valuable service, and good conduct.

Appointments to the various orders and awards of other honours are usually published in The London Gazette.
Kishapu District
Kishapu District is one of the three districts of the Shinyanga Region of Tanzania.  It is bordered to the north by the Maswa District, to the south by the Tabora Region, to the east by the Meatu District and to the west by the Shinyanga Rural and Urban Districts.

The open pit Williamson diamond mine (also known as Mwadui mine) is located in Kishapu District.

According to the 2022 Tanzania National Census, the population of Kishapu District was 335,483.

Meatu District
Meatu District is one of the five districts of the Simiyu Region of Tanzania.  It is bordered to the north by the Itilima District, to the west by the Maswa District and Shinyanga Region to the east by the Arusha Region, to the southeast by the Manyara Region and to the south by the Singida Region. Its district capital is the town of Mwanhuzi.

The district has a total population of about 366,941 people, that's according to the 2022 National census.
Pete Bishop
Pete Bishop is a British film maker, animator and theatre set designer. He is best known as the director of the Channel 4 (Episodes 1-6)/Straight-to-DVD (Episodes 7-13) animation Bromwell High, director of the ITV cartoon series Captain Star, and as the National Theatre's Director of Animation for England People Very Nice.

Bishop was nominated for a 2010 British Olivier Award for animation in set design for his work on the National Theatre production of England People Very Nice.

Bromwell High, a Channel 4 (Episodes 1-6)/Straight-to-DVD (Region 2; Episodes 7-13)/Teletoon/Hat Trick Productions/Decode Entertainment co-production, has been broadcast in the UK, Canada and South America, and won the best comedy award at the 2006 British Animation Awards.

Theatre of Hands, made with M Schlingmann won the 2010 Holland Animation Film Festival (HAFF) Grand Prix.

Hat Trick Productions
Hat Trick Productions Limited is an independent British production company that produces television and radio programmes, mainly specialising in comedy, based in London. The company's logo is depicted as a rabbit pulling a man out of a hat instead of the other way around.
The House at Rueil
The House at Rueil (La maison du Rueil) is the title of two oil-on-canvas paintings by Édouard Manet completed in 1882.  The paintings depict a view of the house where Manet and his family stayed for a few months before his death. The two versions are almost identical, but one is in landscape format, and the other is portrait format. The landscape version measures 71.5 × 92.3 cm and is in the collection of the Alte Nationalgalerie in Berlin, Germany, whereas the portrait version measures 92.8 × 73.5 cm and is at the National Gallery of Victoria in Melbourne, Australia. The composition shows typical characteristics of Impressionism and influenced various painters in the early 20th century who created similar works based on this model.

Daniel Wildenstein
Daniel Leopold Wildenstein (11 September 1917 – 23 October 2001) was a French art dealer, historian and owner-breeder of thoroughbred and standardbred race horses. He was the third member of the family to preside over Wildenstein & Co., one of the most successful and influential art-dealerships of the 20th century.  He was once described as "probably the richest and most powerful art dealer on earth."
Coccomyces
Coccomyces is a genus of ascomycete fungi in the family Rhytismataceae.

The ascocarps of Coccomyces species form within the epidermal layer of a plant host. Many species are foliicolous, meaning they grow on leaves.

In the Pacific Northwest, common hosts for Coccomyces species are plants in the family Ericaceae.

Epidermis (botany)
pith

protoxylem

xylem

phloem

sclerenchyma (bast fibre)

cortex

epidermis

The epidermis (from the Greek ἐπιδερμίς, meaning "over-skin") is a single layer of cells that covers the leaves, flowers, roots and stems of plants. It forms a boundary between the plant and the external environment. The epidermis serves several functions: it protects against water loss, regulates gas exchange, secretes metabolic compounds, and (especially in roots) absorbs water and mineral nutrients. The epidermis of most leaves shows dorsoventral anatomy: the upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces have somewhat different construction and may serve different functions. Woody stems and some other stem structures such as potato tubers produce a secondary covering called the periderm that replaces the epidermis as the protective covering.
Uday Joshi
Udaykumar Chaganlal Joshi (born 23 December 1944, in Rajkot) is an Indian former cricketer active from 1965 to 1983 who played for Sussex.

He appeared in 186 first-class matches as a right-handed batsman who bowled off breaks. He scored 2,287 runs with a highest score of 100 not out and took 557 wickets with a best performance of six for 33.
He also played for South Shields CC in 1977 and probably minor county cricket for Durham CCC.

In 2012, Joshi was convicted of having sexually molested a 13-year-old boy in Northern Ireland in 1979 and was jailed for six years. He was also barred from working with children in the future. At the time of his conviction, Joshi was a 67-year-old married father of two.

Spin bowling
Spin bowling is a bowling technique in cricket, in which the ball is delivered relatively slowly but with rapid rotation, giving it the potential to deviate sharply after bouncing. A bowler who uses this technique is called a spinner, a spin bowler, or a slow bowler.

It is one of the two main approaches to bowling, the other being fast bowling.

A spinner may bowl with their right-arm or left-arm, and with a finger spin or wrist spin action. Therefore, there are four types of spin bowling: off spin, leg spin, left-arm orthodox spin and left-arm unorthodox spin.

The bowlers with the highest, second-highest and fourth-highest number of wickets in the history of Test cricket, Muttiah Muralitharan, Shane Warne and Anil Kumble, respectively, were spinners.
Auncienty
Auncienty is a term used to describe a system of precedence, for instance through years and continuance in the Houses of the Inns of Court, or among the ranks or degrees of the Officers of Arms. In many ways equivalent to Eldership, deriving from the Norman French noun "ancien" (meaning an Elder) preserved in the French concept of Ancienneté, it has a meaning of ceremonial seniority. This is slightly distinct from the obsolete usage of the word simply to mean "Antiquity".

Officer of arms
An officer of arms is a person appointed by a sovereign or state with authority to perform one or more of the following functions:

to control and initiate armorial matters;

to arrange and participate in ceremonies of state;

to conserve and interpret heraldic and genealogical records.
New Mexico Senate Bill 13
New Mexico Senate Bill 13 (SB 13) is a 2023 law in the state of New Mexico that codifies protections regarding gender-affirming medical care and abortion into state law. It was signed by Governor Michelle Lujan Grisham on April 5, 2023 and became law on June 16, 2023.

It followed an executive order by Grisham that provided most of the same legal protections. Senate Bill 13 is sometimes referred to as a "shield" law due to its protections from out-of-state law enforcement, thereby making New Mexico a refuge for transgender people seeking medical care and women seeking reproductive care.

Right of asylum
The right of asylum, sometimes called right of political asylum (asylum from Ancient Greek  ἄσυλον (ásulon) 'sanctuary'), is a juridical concept, under which people persecuted by their own rulers might be protected by another sovereign authority, such as a second country or another entity which in medieval times could offer sanctuary. This right was recognized by the Ancient Egyptians, the Greeks, and the Hebrews, from whom it was adopted into Western tradition. René Descartes fled to the Netherlands, Voltaire to England, and Thomas Hobbes to France, because each state offered protection to persecuted foreigners. Contemporary right of asylum is founded on the non-binding Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Armentano
Armentano is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Amedeo Rocco Armentano (1886–1966), Italian esotericist

Anthony J. Armentano (1916–1987), American politician

Mariano Armentano (born 1974), Argentine soccer player

Paul Armentano, American cannabis activist

Ricardo Armentano (born 1957), Uruguayan professor and researcher

Ricardo Armentano
Ricardo Luis Armentano Feijoo (born 3 August 1957) is an Uruguayan professor and researcher who has worked in biomedical engineering and cardiovascular systems. He is the director of the GIBIO research group at the National Technological University — Buenos Aires Regional Faculty (Argentina). He is also the director of the Department of Biological Engineering, University of the Republic (Uruguay). He has two doctoral degrees, two post-doctoral degrees, and has authored more than 300 research articles and 20 books/book chapters.

Armentano has worked in the field of Engineering in Biology and Medicine from its theoretical fundamentals to its application in clinical practice.
Persid Jember
Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Djember (simply known as Persid or Persid Jember) is an Indonesian football club based in Jember, East Java. They currently compete in the Liga 4.

The stadium that Persid plays in is called Notohadinegoro Stadium and is located in downtown Jember.

Hendro Kartiko
Hendro Kartiko (born 24 April 1973 in Banyuwangi, East Java) is an Indonesian former footballer who last played with Mitra Kukar. He normally played as a goalkeeper. He also played for the Indonesia national football team.
Magnolia dodecapetala
Magnolia dodecapetala is a species of plant in the genus Magnolia, family Magnoliaceae. It was described by a French naturalist named Lamarck, and it obtained the name from a Belgian botanist named Rafaël Herman Anna Govaerts.

Rafaël Govaerts
Rafaël Herman Anna Govaerts (born 1968) is a Belgian botanist. He is particularly noted for his work on plant taxonomy.

He studied a  Bachelor in Science at the European University College Brussels (EHSAL), and since 1994, has worked at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. He is the principal contributor to the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, which was completed in 2023, and will continue to be updated as Plants of the World Online.

He is also a Fellow of the Linnean Society of London.
Ongole mandal
Ongole mandal is one of the 56 mandals in Prakasam district of the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is administered under Ongole revenue division and its headquarters are located at Ongole. The mandal is bounded by Naguluppalapadu, Maddipadu, Santhanuthlapadu, and Kothapatnam Tangutur mandals. The mandals lies on the shore of Bay of Bengal.

Ongole
Ongole (Telugu pronunciation: [oŋɡoːlu]), natively known as Ongolu, is a city in Prakasam district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the headquarters of Prakasam district. It is known for Ongole cattle, an indigenous breed of oxen.
Uruguayan Cycling Federation
The Uruguayan Cycling Federation (in Spanish: Federación Ciclista Uruguaya) is the national governing body of cycle racing in Uruguay. It is a member of the UCI and COPACI.

The Uruguayan Cycling Federation organises the Vuelta Ciclista del Uruguay and supports the Rutas de América, the two most important road races in the country.

Vuelta del Uruguay
The Vuelta Ciclista del Uruguay is a stage cycling race held annually in Uruguay. It was created in 1939 and was a category 2.2 event of the UCI America Tour until 2019. The 2020 and 2021 editions were cancelled due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Since returning in 2022, the race has been held on the national calendar.