hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Digital television in Malaysia
In Malaysia, digital television (DTV) broadcasts—whether high-definition (HD) or standard—can be received via cable, internet, satellite, or free over-the-air (OTA) digital terrestrial television, replacing analogue broadcasts. The transition began in the mid-1990s with the introduction of the Astro satellite television service, followed by new pay television services in the 2000s and the digitisation of over-the-air TV, which was originally expected to be complete by the mid-2010s before being delayed.

This article covers the various platforms used for DTV in Malaysia, including Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB)—using DVB-S/DVB-S2 for satellite and DVB-T2 for over-the-air—and Internet Protocol Television (IPTV). Following the successful nationwide digital transition on 31 October 2019, Malaysia became the third country in Southeast Asia to implement digital broadcasts, after neighbouring Brunei and Singapore.

Set-top box
A set-top box (STB), also known as a cable box, receiver, or simply box, and historically television decoder or a converter, is an information appliance device that generally contains a TV tuner input and displays output to a television set, turning the source signal into content in a form that can then be displayed on the television screen or other display device. It is designed to be placed alongside or "on top" (hence the name) of a television set.

Set-top boxes are used in cable television, satellite television, terrestrial television and Internet Protocol television systems, as well as other uses such as digital media players ("streaming boxes"). Alternatives to set-top boxes are the smaller dongles, and television sets with built-in TV tuners.
Recognition of same-sex unions in Latvia
Latvia has recognised same-sex civil unions since 1 July 2024. On 9 November 2023, the Saeima passed legislation establishing civil unions conferring similar rights and obligations as marriage with the exception of adoption and inheritance rights. The bill was signed into law by President Edgars Rinkēvičs in January 2024, and took effect on 1 July 2024. This followed a ruling from the Constitutional Court of Latvia on 12 November 2020 that the Latvian Constitution entitles same-sex couples to receive the same benefits and protections afforded by Latvian law to married opposite-sex couples.

Latvia does not recognise same-sex marriages, which have been prohibited in the Constitution since 2006.

New Unity
The New Unity (Latvian: Jaunā Vienotība, JV) is a centre-right political alliance in Latvia. Its members are Unity and four other regional parties, and it is orientated towards liberal-conservatism and liberalism.
Brugmansia versicolor
Brugmansia versicolor is a species of plant in the family Solanaceae, commonly known as "angel's trumpets". They are endemic to Ecuador. Since March 2014, they have been listed as Extinct in the Wild by the IUCN.

Extinct in the wild
A species that is extinct in the wild (EW) is one that has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as only consisting of living members kept in captivity or as a naturalized population outside its historic range. Classification requires exhaustive surveys conducted within the species' known habitat with consideration given to seasonality, time of day, and life cycle. Once a species is classified as EW, the only way for it to be downgraded is through reintroduction.

Not all EW species are rare. An example is the Brugmansia genus, where all seven species are widely cultivated, but none are found in the wild.
Maria Teresa Manni Piraino
Maria Teresa Manni Piraino (also known as Maria Teresa Piraino Manni) was an Italian classical scholar and epigrapher. She worked extensively on the Greek inscriptions of ancient Sicily, with a particular interest in the archaic period. Her methodology was characterized by a careful attention towards integrating the archeological context and material features of each inscription with its linguistic ones.

In 1973, she published the Iscrizioni greche lapidarie di Museo di Palermo, the leading catalogue for Greek inscriptions in Western Sicily, noted for its Selinuntine material and "virtually complete illustration".

Lazzarini attributes to her work a persistent interest in indigenous Sicilian epigraphy at the University of Palermo.

She was active between 1952 and 1987, and was married to Eugenio Manni.

Sicilian language
Sicilian (sicilianu, pronounced [sɪʃɪˈljaːnʊ, sɪdʒɪˈljaːnʊ]; Italian: siciliano) is a Romance language that is spoken on the island of Sicily and its satellite islands.
It belongs to the broader Extreme Southern Italian language group (Italian: italiano meridionale estremo).

Ethnologue (see below for more detail) describes Sicilian as being "distinct enough from Standard Italian to be considered a separate language", and it is recognized as a minority language by UNESCO. It has been referred to as a language by the Sicilian Region. It has the oldest literary tradition of the Italo-Romance languages. A version of the UNESCO Courier is also available in Sicilian.
Lady Lucy Whitmore
Lady Lucy Whitmore (née, Bridgeman; 22 January 1792 – 17 March 1840) was an English noblewoman and a hymn writer from Shropshire. She was the author of Family prayers for every day in the week (1824), which included fourteen original hymns and went into a second edition in 1827; one of these, "Father, again in Jesus' name we meet", was widely reprinted in hymn collections. Whitmore also published works of religious instruction, including Sunday reading for very little boys and girls (1832) and Morning and evening prayers (1869). She spent much of her life at Dudmaston Hall and was connected through family and friendship to prominent figures of her time.

Dudmaston Hall
Dudmaston Hall is a 17th-century country house in the care of the National Trust in the Severn Valley, Shropshire, England.

Dudmaston Hall is located near the village of Quatt, a few miles south of the market town of Bridgnorth, just off the A442 road.
Kazakh Uplands
The Kazakh Uplands or the Kazakh Hummocks, known in Kazakh as the Saryarqa (Cyrillic: Сарыарқа, pronounced [sɑˌrə(ʔ)ɑrˈqɑ]; lit. 'Yellow Ridge'), is a large peneplain formation extending throughout the central and eastern regions of Kazakhstan.

Administratively the Kazakh Uplands stretch across the East Kazakhstan, Pavlodar, Akmola, Ulytau and Karaganda regions. Several notable cities, including the country's capital, Astana, are located in the uplands. There are large deposits of coal in the north and copper in the south.

Peneplain
In geomorphology and geology, a peneplain is a low-relief plain formed by protracted erosion. This is the definition in the broadest of terms, albeit with frequency the usage of peneplain is meant to imply the representation of a near-final (or penultimate) stage of fluvial erosion during times of extended tectonic stability. Peneplains are sometimes associated with the cycle of erosion theory of William Morris Davis, but Davis and other researchers have also used the term in a purely descriptive manner without any theory or particular genesis attached.
Hilda Wallis
Mabel Hilda Wallis (12 November 1900 – 8 December 1979) was an Irish tennis player.

Wallis reached the final of the Irish Championships at Dublin for the first time in 1921 where she lost to Elizabeth Ryan. She won the Irish title in 1924, 1926, 1930 and 1933.

She participated twice in Wimbledon. In 1924, she lost her second round match against Dorothy Shepherd Barron 0–6, 1–6. Twelve years later, in 1936, she reached the third round but had to pull out of the tournament.

Wallis participated in the 1924 Summer Olympics at Paris where she reached the quarterfinals in mixed doubles alongside Edwin McCrea.

Elizabeth Ryan
Elizabeth Montague Ryan (February 5, 1892 – July 6, 1979) was an American tennis player who was born in Anaheim, California, but lived most of her adult life in the United Kingdom. Ryan won 26 Grand Slam titles, 19 in women's doubles and 7 in mixed doubles at Wimbledon, an all-time record for those two events. Twelve of her Wimbledon titles were in women's doubles and seven were in mixed doubles. Ryan also won four women's doubles titles at the French Championships, as well as one women's doubles title and two mixed-doubles titles at the U.S. Championships. During a 19-year run Ryan amassed a total of 659 titles in singles, doubles and mixed doubles.
Gadiculus argenteus
Gadiculus argenteus, or the silvery pout, is a species of cod found in the Northeast Atlantic region. It grows to a length of 15 cm (5.9 in) and is of minor importance to local commercial fisheries, being rather used as a bait fish.

Gadiculus argenteus was until recently considered the only species in the genus Gadiculus, known as the silvery pouts, but composed of two subspecies, G. a. argentatus and G. a. thori. Currently, they are considered two separate species with different distributions: G. argenteus is  more southerly, occurring in the western Mediterranean  and in the Atlantic around the Strait of Gibraltar and to the south along the Moroccan coast, while G. thori is found from the Bay of Biscay north up to the North Cape.

Bay of Biscay
The Bay of Biscay (/ˈbɪskeɪ, -ki/ BISS-kay, -⁠kee) also known as the Gulf of Biscay or the Gulf of Gascony is a gulf of the northeast Atlantic Ocean located south of the Celtic Sea. It lies along the western coast of France from Point Penmarc'h to the Spanish border, and along the northern coast of Spain, extending westward to Cape Ortegal.

The average depth is 1,744 m (5,722 ft) and the greatest depth is 4,735 m (15,535 ft).
Kadıoğlu Tunnel
Kadıoğlu Tunnel (Turkish: Kadıoğlu Tüneli), is a highway tunnel constructed in Ordu Province, northern Turkey.

Kadıoğlu Tunnel is part of the Samsun-Ordu Highway  D.010  E70 within the Black Sea Coastal Highway, of which construction was carried out by the Turkish Nurol-Tekfen-Yüksel joint venture. The 116 and 150 m (381 and 492 ft)-long twin-tube tunnel carrying two lanes of traffic in each direction. The Kozbükü Tunnel follows the Kadıoğlu Tunnel in direction Ordu.

The tunnel was opened to traffic on 7 April 2007 by Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Dangerous goods carriers are not permitted to use the tunnel.

Nurol Holding
Nurol Holding is an industrial conglomerate in Turkey operating in the construction, defence manufacturing, energy, investment banking and tourism industries. Its core business is construction; Nurol Construction was founded in 1966. It is privately owned, with equal shares held by three members of the Çarmıklı family. The Holding was established in 1989.

The company's 35th anniversary celebration in 2001 was attended by former Prime Minister and President of Turkey Suleyman Demirel. In 2007, it considered entering the media sector by participating in the Sabah-ATV tender, but decided it against it after reviewing the companies' financials.
Frank B. Walsh
Frank Burton Walsh (October 18, 1895, Oxbow, Saskatchewan – November 27, 1978, Baltimore, Maryland) was a Canadian-American ophthalmologist known for his work in neuro-ophthalmology. For most of his career, Walsh worked as a neuro-ophthalmologist at the Wilmer Eye Institute of Johns Hopkins Hospital. Walsh is best known for his textbook Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, which contains a compilation of Walsh's case reports and the conclusions he drew from them. Originally published in 1947, the textbook has many updated versions and is still a premier text in the field of neuro-ophthalmology. Walsh is considered by many to be the father of neuro-ophthalmology due to his contributions to the field.

American Ophthalmological Society
The American Ophthalmological Society (AOS) is a medical society of ophthalmologists and the second oldest specialty medical society in the United States, after the New York Ophthalmological Society (founded on March 7, 1864). It was founded on June 7, 1864, by 18 physicians, including Henry Drury Noyes, Daniel Bennett St. John Roosa, and Edward Delafield (its first president and also one of the founders of the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary). The society is now based in San Francisco, California. As of 2019, there are approximately 360 active members.

Admission to membership in the society is via nomination from current members and  the submission of a scholarly thesis, which when approved are published in a peer-reviewed journal, The American Journal of Ophthalmology.

A collection of the society's papers are held at the National Library of Medicine.
Saigol Group
The Saigol Group (Urdu pronunciation: [ˈsɛɡ.əl] SEG-uhl) is a group of companies headquartered in Lahore, Pakistan. It was founded by Ameen Saigol in the 1930s with a small shop that eventually developed into the Kohinoor Rubber Works. Ameen Saigol had four sons: Yousaf, Sayeed, Gull and Bashir.

Piplan
Piplan (Punjabi, Urdu: پِپلاں) is the main city of Piplan Tehsil in Mianwali District, situated in Punjab, Pakistan.

It is almost 52 km from the district capital Mianwali, which lies to the north. Piplan is surrounded by many other similar towns: To the south are the towns of Musa Wali, Mattha, Churkin, Jhanbir and KalurKot Kalurkot, Bhakkar, to the north are Doaba, Alluwali, Kundian and Mianwali to the east, Hernoli and Hafiz Wala and to the west is the Indus River.
Palaeospondylus
Palaeospondylus ("early vertebra") is an extinct genus of fish described from fossils found in both the Achanarras slate quarry of Caithness, Scotland, and the Cravens Peak Beds of Queensland, Australia.

It lived during the Early and Middle Devonian epochs, around 400 to 390 million years ago.

Early Devonian
The Early Devonian is the first of three epochs comprising the Devonian period, corresponding to the Lower Devonian series. It lasted from 419.62 ± 1.36 to 393.47 ± 0.99 and began with the Lochkovian Stage 419.62 ± 1.36 to 413.02 ± 0.99, which was followed by the Pragian from 413.02 ± 1.36 to 410.62 ± 0.99 and then by the Emsian, which lasted until the Middle Devonian began, 393.47± 0.99 million years ago.
During this time, the first ammonoids appeared, descending from bactritoid nautiloids. Ammonoids during this time period were simple and differed little from their nautiloid counterparts. These ammonoids belong to the order Agoniatitida, which in later epochs evolved to new ammonoid orders, for example Goniatitida and Clymeniida. This class of cephalopod molluscs would dominate the marine fauna until the beginning of the Mesozoic Era.
Colleen Wagner
Colleen Wagner (born in Elk Point, Alberta) is a Canadian playwright. She is best known for her 1995 play The Monument, which won the Governor General's Award for English-language drama at the 1996 Governor General's Awards. Her other plays have included Sand (1989), Eclipsed (1991), The Morning Bird (2005), Down from Heaven (2009) Home (2010), The Living (2019) and 'Armadillos' (2023).

She has written and directed a feature documentary film, 'Women Building Peace' based on her travels in Africa, an interactive website, and a short film, 'Remembrance Day.' Short fiction and poetry have been published in various anthologies.

Wagner was educated at the Ontario College of Art and Design and the University of Toronto. She is an associate professor of screenwriting in the film studies department at York University.

Elk Point, Alberta
Elk Point is a town located in Eastern Alberta, Canada. It is located on Highway 41.

A number of oil related businesses have located in Elk Point.  Agriculture is also important in the Elk Point area.

Elk Point is located on the North Saskatchewan River which was a fur trade route.  Both the Hudson's Bay Company and the North West Company had posts on the river near Elk Point from 1792 to 1800.  Alberta Culture has built an interpretive centre near the remains of Fort George and Buckingham House.

There is a large carved statue of Peter Fidler (a figure from fur trade days) near Elk Point and a mural of Elk Point history near the town centre.  The Iron Horse Trail, a rail trail, is nearby. Elk Point was the site of a fur trading post in the fur trade days.

Elk Point celebrated its centennial on June 30 and July 1, 2007.
Caprenin
Caprenin is a fat substitute designed for lowering the caloric content of food. Structurally, it resembles normal food fat, being made up of glycerol and fatty acids (behenic, capric, and caprylic acids). Caprenin contains about 4 kcal per gram, or about half the energy in traditional fats and oils. Caloric reduction results, in part, from incomplete absorption of the unusual fatty acids.

Caprenin was launched by Procter & Gamble as a cocoa butter replacement, but it proved difficult to use and appeared to increase serum cholesterol slightly, resulting in its withdrawal from the market in the mid-1990s.

It is used as a reduced-calorie substitute in soft candies and confectionery coatings.

Caprylic acid
Caprylic acid (from Latin  capra 'goat'), also known under the systematic name octanoic acid or C8 acid, is a saturated fatty acid, medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA). It has the structural formula H3C−(CH2)6−COOH, and is a colorless oily liquid that is minimally soluble in water with a slightly unpleasant rancid-like smell and taste. Salts and esters of octanoic acid are known as octanoates or caprylates. The name of the related acyl group is octanoyl, capryloyl, or caprylyl. It is a common industrial chemical, which is produced by oxidation of the C8 aldehyde. Its compounds are found naturally in the milk of various mammals and as a minor constituent of coconut oil and palm kernel oil.

Two other acids are named after goats via the Latin word capra: caproic acid (C6) and capric acid (C10). Together, these three fatty acids comprise 15% of the fatty acids in goat milk fat.
Benshaw
Benshaw is a company that specializes in solid state reduced voltage electric motor controls, motor protection and variable frequency drives.  Benshaw manufactures and engineers motor controls from 208 V through 15 kV, with horsepower ranges from fractional to 60,000 hp (45,000 kW).

Variable-frequency drive
A variable-frequency drive (VFD, or adjustable-frequency drive, adjustable-speed drive, variable-speed drive, AC drive, micro drive, inverter drive, variable voltage variable frequency drive, VVVF drive, or drive) is a type of AC motor drive (system incorporating a motor) that controls speed and torque by varying the frequency of the input electricity. Depending on its topology, it controls the associated voltage or current variation.

VFDs are used in applications ranging from small appliances to large compressors. Systems using VFDs can be more efficient than hydraulic systems, such as in systems with pumps and damper control for fans.

Since the 1980s, power electronics technology has reduced VFD cost and size and has improved performance through advances in semiconductor switching devices, drive topologies, simulation and control techniques, and control hardware and software.

VFDs include low- and medium-voltage AC–AC and DC–AC topologies.
Betty Boop, M.D.
Betty Boop, M.D. is a 1932 Fleischer Studios animated short film starring Betty Boop, and featuring Koko the Clown and Bimbo. The animated short is certainly one of the more surreal entries in the Betty Boop filmography.

Bimbo (Fleischer Studios)
Bimbo (known as Bimbo The Pup) is a fat, black and white cartoon pup created by Fleischer Studios. He is most well known for his role in the Betty Boop cartoon series, where he featured as Betty's main love interest. A precursor design of Bimbo, originally named Fitz, first appeared in the Out of the Inkwell series, Bimbo from the Fleischer Studios' Betty Boop cartoons is described as a generic dog, or a mix of Pug, Boston Terrier, and Bulldog, and was not based on a specific breed. While the early versions of Bimbo varied, the most recognizable appearance is that of a short, round, black dog.
Antti Viskari
Antti Viskari (born 1 May 1928 in Joutseno, Lappeenranta, Etelä-Karjala, Finland; died 4 June 2007) was a Finnish former long-distance runner. He has a personal best for the marathon of 2:21:27, which he set in 1960. Viskari competed in the marathon at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, placing 53rd. He won the 1956 Boston Marathon on a course found to be short. He died in Finland in 2007.

Joutseno
Joutseno (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈjou̯tseno]) is a former town and municipality of Finland. It is located in the province of Southern Finland and is part of the South Karelia region.

The municipality was unilingually Finnish. Joutseno was consolidated with Lappeenranta on 1 January 2009.

It bordered Lappeenranta, Taipalsaari, Ruokolahti and Imatra, prior to 1967 it bordered Lappee instead of Lappeenranta and prior to 1989 it bordered Nuijamaa. The municipality also had a 9 km border with Russia, more specifically its Vyborgsky District.
2019 President's Cup – Women's doubles
Berfu Cengiz and Anna Danilina were the defending champions but lost in the first round to Ilona Kremen and Iryna Shymanovich.

Marie Bouzková and Vivian Heisen won the title, defeating Vlada Koval and Kamilla Rakhimova in the final, 7–6(10–8), 6–1.

Ilona Kremen
Ilona Eduardovna Kremen (Belarusian: Ілона Эдуардаўна Крамень, Russian: Ило́на Эдуа́рдовна Креме́нь; born 18 January 1994) is a Belarusian former tennis player.

In her career, she won four singles and 29 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. On 24 June 2013, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 201. On 21 July 2014, she peaked at No. 157 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Kremen won the Belarus National Open Championships in 2011.

On 6 February 2013, she made her debut for the Belarus Fed Cup team, winning her first international rubber after her Georgian opponent Sofia Shapatava retired in the third set of their tie.
It's a Good Life (The Twilight Zone)
"It's a Good Life" is the eighth episode of the third season of the American television series The Twilight Zone, and the 73rd overall. It was written by series creator/showrunner Rod Serling, based on the 1953 short story "It's a Good Life" by Jerome Bixby. The episode was directed by James Sheldon, and is considered by some, such as critics in Time and TV Guide, to be one of the best episodes of the series. It originally aired on November 3, 1961. The episode was one of four from the original 1959 series which formed the basis of the 1983 film Twilight Zone: The Movie.

TV Guide (magazine)
TV Guide is an American biweekly magazine that provides television program listings information as well as television-related news, celebrity interviews and gossip, film reviews, crossword puzzles, and, in some issues, horoscopes. The print magazine's operating company, TV Guide Magazine LLC, is owned by NTVB Media since 2015. The magazine was spun off from TV Guide in 2008 by then-owner Macrovision to OpenGate Capital for $1 and a $9.5 million loan.

TV Guide Magazine has a license to use the TV Guide name and distinctive red and white logo in print publications only; it is prohibited from using the branding or logo online.  While the TV Guide trademark and other intellectual property is owned by Fandom, Inc., the TV Guide name and editorial content from the magazine are licensed by Fandom for use on the magazine's promotional website and mobile app.