hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kenichi Morita
Kenichi Morita (Japanese: 森田憲一, 30 March 1949 – 19 July 2025) was a Japanese computer scientist known for his research on reversible computing, cellular automata, and reversible cellular automata. He was a professor emeritus at Hiroshima University. His contributions include showing that reversible cellular automata and reversible two-counter machines could be Turing-complete, and solving the firing squad synchronization problem for reversible cellular automata.

Reversible computing
Reversible computing is any model of computation where every step of the process is time-reversible. This means that, given the output of a computation, it is possible to perfectly reconstruct the input. In systems that progress deterministically from one state to another, a key requirement for reversibility is a one-to-one correspondence between each state and its successor. Reversible computing is considered an unconventional approach to computation and is closely linked to quantum computing, where the principles of quantum mechanics inherently ensure reversibility (as long as quantum states are not measured or "collapsed").
Blackwater Community School
Blackwater Community School (Irish: Pobalscoil na hAbhann Móire) (BCS) is a co-educational, multi-denominational community school in Lismore, County Waterford, Ireland. The school offers Junior Certificate and Leaving Certificate programmes. It is the 146th public school in the county and the fourth largest school in the county by number of pupils. In 2020, BCS was ranked 367th in The Sunday Times 'Best Schools Guide Top 400'.

Leaving Certificate (Ireland)
The Leaving Certificate Examination (Irish: Scrúdú na hArdteistiméireachta), commonly referred to as the Leaving Cert or (informally) the Leaving (Irish: Ardteist), is the final exam of the Irish secondary school system and the university matriculation examination in Ireland. It takes a minimum of two years' preparation, but an optional Transition Year means that for those students it takes place three years after the Junior Cycle examination. These years are referred to collectively as the "Senior Cycle". Most students taking the examination are aged 16–19; in excess of eighty percent of this group undertake the exam. The Examination is overseen by the State Examinations Commission. The Leaving Certificate Examinations are taken annually by approximately 60,000 students.

The senior cycle is due to be reformed between 2025 and 2029, with all subjects having a 40% project assessment, separate to the traditional written examinations in June which would be worth the remaining 60%.
Praia do Inatel
Praia do Inatel  is a Blue flag beach located in the resort town of Albufeira, Algarve, Portugal.  The beach lies to the east of Albufeira old town in the district of Bairro dos Pescadores (Neighborhood of the Fisherman),
and is dominated by the Albufeira Inatel Hotel which sit to the rear of the beach and from which the beach takes its name.

Albufeira
Albufeira (pronounced [alβuˈfɐjɾɐ] ⓘ, locally [aɫbʷˈfeɾɐ, aɫbˈfeɾɐ]), officially the City of Albufeira (Portuguese: Cidade de Albufeira), is a city and municipality of Faro District in the Algarve region of southern Portugal. The population in 2021 was 44,158, in an area of 140.66 square kilometres (54.31 square miles). The city proper had a population of 28,645 in 2021. It is 250 kilometres (160 mi) from Lisbon, close to Paderne Castle. Lagoa is 30 kilometres (19 mi) to the west, and Faro 45 kilometres (28 mi) to the southeast. A tourist destination due to its coastal conditions, Albufeira's population expands to around 300,000 in the summer and at Christmas and New Year owing to the number of hotels that includes marina facilities, golf courses, restaurants and bars.
1852 Atlantic hurricane season
The 1852 Atlantic hurricane season was the first of only three Atlantic hurricane seasons in which every known tropical cyclone attained hurricane status, preceding 1858 and 1884.  Five tropical cyclones were reported during the season, which lasted from late August to the middle of October. These dates fall within the range of most Atlantic tropical cyclone activity, and none of the storms coexisted with another. Though there were officially five tropical cyclones in the season, hurricane scholar Michael Chenoweth assessed two of the cyclones as being the same storm.  There may have been other unconfirmed tropical cyclones during the season, as meteorologist Christopher Landsea estimated that up to six storms were missed each year from the official database. This is unusual due to tropical cyclones being smaller than average, sparse ship reports, and relatively unpopulated coastlines at the time.

Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project
The Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration seeks to correct and add new information about past North Atlantic hurricanes.  It was started around 2000 to update HURDAT, the official hurricane database for the Atlantic Basin, which has become outdated since its creation due to various systematic errors introduced into the database over time.  This effort has involved reanalyses of ship observations from the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) as well as reanalyses done by other researchers over the years.  It is ongoing as of 2025.
Prephenate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
In enzymology, prephenate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (EC 1.3.1.13) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The two substrates of this enzyme are prephenic acid and oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+). Its products are 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, carbon dioxide, reduced NADPH, and a proton.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-CH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is prephenate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating). Other names in common use include prephenate dehydrogenase, prephenate (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), dehydrogenase, and prephenate dehydrogenase (NADP).  This enzyme participates in phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Joe Rafferty (Maine politician)
Joseph Rafferty Jr. (born 1955) is an American educator, high school gridiron football coach, and Democratic politician from Maine. Rafferty has been the head coach of the Kennebunk High School Rams football team since 1979 and is currently serving his first term in the Maine Senate representing District 34, which consists of Kennebunk, Wells, Acton, Lebanon, North Berwick, and part of Berwick. Rafferty was born in 1955 and grew up in Woburn, Massachusetts. He attended Springfield College, graduated in 1977 and began teaching and coaching at Kennebunk High School in 1978. As an educator, he was active in the teachers' unions and helped negotiate contracts on their behalf. He retired from full-time teaching in 2018 but continues to coach football. Rafferty was first elected to the Maine Senate in 2020.

Woburn, Massachusetts
Woburn (/ˈwuːbərn/ ⓘ WOO-bərn) is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 40,876 at the 2020 census. Woburn is located 9 miles (14 km) north of Boston. Woburn uses Massachusetts' mayor-council form of government, in which an elected mayor is the executive and a partly district-based, partly at-large city council is the legislature. It was the last of Massachusetts' 351 municipalities to refer to members of its city council as "aldermen".
Nakina, Ontario
Nakina is a community in the Town of Greenstone in the Thunder Bay District in Northern Ontario, Canada. It is approximately 60 kilometres (37 mi) north of Geraldton, located along the Canadian National Railway. The origins of the town were initially support of the railway, but its economy has evolved through lumber, pulp and paper, mining and tourism. It has a population of about 500 people.

It was a separate municipality from 1978 until 2001, when it was amalgamated with the former Township of Beardmore, and the Towns of Geraldton and Longlac. Its name is an indigenous word meaning "meeting place".

Thunder Bay District
Thunder Bay District is a district and census division in Northwestern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. The district seat is Thunder Bay.

Most of the district (93.5%) is unincorporated and part of the Unorganized Thunder Bay District.
Field Glacier
Field Glacier (67°8′S 66°24′W﻿ / ﻿67.133°S 66.400°W﻿ / -67.133; -66.400) is a glacier on Pernik Peninsula, Loubet Coast in Graham Land, situated south of Salmon Cove, and flowing west into Lallemand Fjord just south of Kanchov Peak. It was mapped from air photos taken by the Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition, 1956–57. In association with the names of glaciologists grouped in this area, it was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after William B.O. Field (born 1904), an American glaciologist and surveyor, sometime Research Fellow of the American Geographical Society.

Research fellow
A research fellow is an academic research position at a university or a similar research institution, usually for academic staff or faculty members. A research fellow may act either as an independent investigator or under the supervision of a principal investigator.

Research fellow positions vary in different countries and academic institutions.
James Mitchell (actor)
James Mitchell (February 29, 1920 – January 22, 2010) was an American actor and dancer. Although he is best known to television audiences as Palmer Cortlandt on the soap opera All My Children (1979–2010), theatre and dance historians remember him as one of Agnes de Mille's leading dancers. Mitchell's skill at combining dance and acting was considered something of a novelty; in 1959, the critic Olga Maynard singled him out as "an important example of the new dancer-actor-singer in American ballet", pointing to his interpretive abilities and "masculine" technique.

American Ballet Theatre
American Ballet Theatre (ABT) is a classical ballet company based in New York City. Founded in 1939 by Lucia Chase and Richard Pleasant. Through 2019, it had an annual eight-week season at the Metropolitan Opera House (Lincoln Center) in the spring and a shorter season at the David H. Koch Theater in the fall; the company tours around the world the rest of the year. The company was scheduled to have a 5-week spring season at the MET preceded by a 2-week season at the Koch Theater beginning in 2020.   ABT is the parent company of the American Ballet Theatre Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School, and was recognized as "America's National Ballet Company" in 2006 by the United States Congress.
2020 LendingTree Bowl (December)
The 2020 LendingTree Bowl was a college football bowl game that was played on December 26, 2020, with kickoff at 3:30 p.m. EST (2:30 p.m. local CST) on ESPN. It was the 22nd edition of the LendingTree Bowl, and was one of the 2020–21 bowl games concluding the 2020 FBS football season. Online lending marketplace LendingTree was the game's title sponsor.  It was also the final LendingTree Bowl played at Ladd-Peebles Stadium before the game moved to Hancock Whitney Stadium the following season.

LendingTree
LendingTree, Inc. is an online lending marketplace, founded in 1996 and headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina. The business platform allows potential borrowers to connect with multiple loan operators to find optimal terms for loans, credit cards, deposit accounts, insurance, etc. LendingTree allows borrowers to shop and compare competitive rates and terms across an array of financial products. Other additional services include financing tools, comparative loan searches and borrowing information.
2013 MercedesCup – Singles
The 2013 MercedesCup was a men's tennis tournament held at the Tennis Club Weissenhof in Stuttgart, Germany. Janko Tipsarević was the defending champion, but chose not to compete.
Fabio Fognini won the title, defeating Philipp Kohlschreiber in the final, 5–7, 6–4, 6–4.

Daniel Muñoz de la Nava
Daniel Muñoz de la Nava (Spanish pronunciation: [daˈnjel muˈɲoθ ðe la ˈnaβa]; born 29 January 1982 in Madrid, Spain) is a Spanish professional tennis player.

He reached the quarterfinals of Estoril in 2012 and Delray Beach in 2013, both as a qualifier.
1956 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 1956 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Copenhagen, Denmark from 27 August to 2 September 1956. Five events for men were contested, 3 for professionals and 2 for amateurs.

Earlier, the 1956 UCI Road World Championships were organized in Copenhagen, from 25 August to 26 August.

UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The UCI Track Cycling World Championships are the set of world championship events for the various disciplines and distances in track cycling. They are regulated by the Union Cycliste Internationale. Before 1900, they were administered by the UCI's predecessor, the International Cycling Association (ICA).

Current events include: time trial, keirin, individual pursuit, team pursuit, points race, scratch race, sprint, team sprint, omnium, madison and elimination race. Until 2024, women's events were generally shorter than men's. Since 2025, all events have the same length. Events which are no longer held include the motor paced events and tandem events.
Pholiota velaglutinosa
Pholiota velaglutinosa is a species of agaric fungus in the family Strophariaceae. Found in the western United States, it was described as new to science in 1968 by American mycologists Alexander H. Smith and Lexemuel Ray Hesler.

Agaric
An agaric (/ˈæɡərɪk, əˈɡærɪk/) is a type of fungal fruiting body characterized by the presence of a pileus (cap) that is clearly differentiated from the stipe (stalk), with lamellae (gills) on the underside of the pileus. It is a type of mushroom (or toadstool), the diverse group of agarics being lumped together as gilled mushrooms. "Agaric" can also refer more generally to any basidiomycete species characterized by an agaric-type fruiting body.
Full Frontal (film)
Full Frontal is a 2002 American comedy-drama film by Steven Soderbergh about a day in the life of a handful of characters in Hollywood. It stars Catherine Keener, Blair Underwood, David Duchovny, Julia Roberts, Mary McCormack, Nicky Katt, Brad Pitt, and David Hyde Pierce. The film was shot on digital video using the Canon XL-1s in under a month. The film blurs the line between what is real and what is fiction in its depiction of a film within a film (and possibly within another).

Mary McCormack
Mary McCormack (born February 8, 1969) is an American actress.

She has had leading roles as Justine Appleton on the series Murder One (1995–1997), as Deputy National Security Adviser Kate Harper on The West Wing (2004–2006), as Deputy U.S. Marshal Mary Shannon on In Plain Sight (2008–2012), and as Peggy on the comedy series The Kids Are Alright (2018–2019).

McCormack's film roles include Private Parts (1997), Deep Impact (1998), True Crime (1999), Mystery, Alaska (1999), K-PAX (2001), Dickie Roberts: Former Child Star (2003) and 1408 (2007).
Francisco Bruto Da Costa
Francisco Bruto da Costa is a Portuguese Professional Football Manager who is the current Head Coach of Geno Football Club in the Goa Professional League.

He was the head coach of SC East Bengal. The contract was mutually terminated on 21 November 2020. On 27 December 2020, Bruto joined Sheikh Russel KC as Assistant Coach cum Fitness Coach. He was earlier fitness coach of The Cong-Viettel FC in the V.League 1 in Vietnam.

Bangladesh Football League
The Bangladesh Football League (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ ফুটবল লিগ), simply known as the BFL, is the top tier of the Bangladeshi football league system. It is run by the Bangladesh Football Federation (BFF). The Dhaka derby between Dhaka Abahani and Mohammedan is one of the league's most popular matches.

The BFL superseded the Dhaka Premier Division League which had functioned as the top tier from 1948 to 2006. The league name was changed from Bangladesh Premier League to Bangladesh Football League in 2025 because the spelling clashed with the similarly-named cricket league.
Thomas Swinarton
Thomas Swinarton (21 May 1821 – 21 December 1893) was an Ontario businessman and political figure. He represented Cardwell in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1867 to 1871 as a Conservative.

Swinarton came to Upper Canada from County Down, Ireland. He served as reeve of Albion Township for 9 years and lived in Coventry. He was also warden for Peel County in 1881. Swinarton operated a gristmill, carding mill and sawmill, as well as a tannery and general store. He defeated George McManus in 1867 when he was elected in Cardwell.

Tanning (leather)
Tanning, or hide tanning, is the process of treating skins and hides of animals to produce leather. A tannery is the place where the skins are processed.

Historically, vegetable based tanning used tannin, an acidic chemical compound derived from the bark of certain trees, in the production of leather. An alternative method, developed in the 1800s, is chrome tanning, where chromium salts are used instead of natural tannins.
Diki
Diki is a village in the Bamingui-Bangoran Prefecture in the northern Central African Republic.

On 2 August, 2023, a massacre occurred in the village when a group of armed men called together a group of the community's residents under pretense of holding a meeting. According to Ousmane Youssef, a local tribal chief, the attackers opened fire on the attendees at point-blank range, killing 13 and wounding 2 more. No group claimed responsibility.

Tribal chief
A tribal chief, chieftain, or headman is a political leader of a social group commonly described as a tribe, band, or confederation of tribes. Chiefs’ authority varies widely by society and context, and in many cases depends on consensus and customary legitimacy rather than coercive power. In anthropology, terms such as tribe, chief, and chiefdom have been used in comparative models of sociopolitical organization, but the analytic use of tribe has also been widely criticized as imprecise and historically burdened. In some contemporary states, forms of chiefly authority are formally recognized or regulated by constitutions and statutes.
Bayang
Bayang, officially the Municipality of Bayang (Maranao and Iranun: Inged a Bayang; Tagalog: Bayan ng Bayang; Arabic (Kirim): بايانج‎), is a municipality in the province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 28,023 people.

Iranun language
The Iranun language (Jawi: إيراناونساي), also known as Iranon or Illanun, is an Austronesian language belonging to the Danao languages spoken in the provinces of Maguindanao del Norte and other part of Lanao del Sur and Lanao del Norte, coastal municipalities of Zamboanga del Sur from Tukuran to Dumalinao, and Cotabato in southern Philippines and the Malaysian state of Sabah. It is the second most spoken language in Maguindanao del Norte after the Maguindanao language.
Mamakan (river)
The Mamakan (Russian: Мамакан) is a river in Irkutsk Oblast, southern East Siberia, Russia. It is a tributary of the Vitim of the Lena basin. The river is 209 kilometres (130 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 9,460 square kilometres (3,650 sq mi). There are no settlements by the river, only Mamakan near its mouth by the Vitim.

The Mamakan reservoir, the world's first hydroelectric power plant built on permafrost, is located in the lower course of the river, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Bodaybo.

Irkutsk Oblast
Irkutsk Oblast (Russian: Ирку́тская о́бласть, romanized: Irkutskaya oblastʹ; Buryat: Эрхүү можо, romanized: Erhüü možo) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in southeastern Siberia in the basins of the Angara, Lena, and Nizhnyaya Tunguska Rivers. The administrative center is the city of Irkutsk. It had a population of 2,370,102 at the 2021 Census.
Aziz Imam
Aziz Imam (25 February 1925 – 1980) was an Indian politician, agriculturist, and parliamentary secretary. He served as a member of the Uttar Pradesh Assembly. He then represented the Mirzapur constituency after elected to the fifth and the seventh general elections, collectively from 1971 to 1980. Affiliated with the Indian National Congress, he served member of the All India Congress Committee and Uttar Pradesh Congress Committee.

All India Congress Committee
The All India Congress Committee (AICC) is the presidium or the central decision-making assembly of the Indian National Congress. It is composed of members elected from state-level Pradesh Congress Committees and can have as many as a thousand members. It is the AICC that elects members of the Congress Working Committee and the Congress President, who is also the head of the AICC.

The organisational executives of the AICC are several general-secretaries selected by the Congress President and the members of the Congress Working Committee. AICC is responsible for decision-making and policy formulation for the party at the national level. It also sets the party's agenda and strategies for national and state-level elections.
1st Regional Community Defense Group
The 1st Regional Community Defense Group, Army Reserve Command is a line unit of the Army Reserve Command of the Philippine Army. It was created for the sole purpose of Reserve Force management, procurement, and organisation in the areas encompassing Northern and Central Luzon.

Abra (province)
Abra, officially the Province of Abra (Ilocano: Probinsia ti Abra; Inlaod Itneg: Probinsiya ta Abra; Maeng Itneg: Probinsiya di Abra; Moyadan Itneg: Probinsiya ti Abra; Filipino: Lalawigan ng Abra), is a province in the Cordillera Administrative Region of the Philippines. Its capital is the municipality of Bangued, the most populous in the province. It is bordered by Ilocos Norte on the northwest, Apayao on the northeast, Kalinga on the mid-east, Mountain Province on the southeast, and Ilocos Sur on the southwest.
Little Pitt Cottage
Little Pitt Cottage is a medieval house in Llanarth, Monmouthshire, South Wales. It was designated a Grade II* listed building in 1956, its listing record describing it as a "fine and exceptionally intact timber-framed house".

Llanarth, Monmouthshire
Llanarth is a privately owned estate village and community within a conservation area in the Welsh county of Monmouthshire. Llanarth is roughly six miles (10 km) east of Abergavenny and four miles (6 km) west of Raglan.
Clausura 2009 Primera División de México final phase
The Clausura 2009 Primera División de México final phase was played between 13 and 31 May 2009. A total of eight teams competed in the final phase to decide the champions of the Clausura 2009 Primera División de México season.

Both finalists qualified for the 2009–10 CONCACAF Champions League.

2009–10 CONCACAF Champions League
The 2009–10 CONCACAF Champions League was the second edition of the CONCACAF Champions League.Under its current format, and overall, it was the 45th edition of the premier football club competition organized by CONCACAF, the regional governing body of North America, Central America and the Caribbean.

The tournament began on July 28, 2009, and ran through April 28, 2010. All four Mexican teams topped their groups and reached the semi-finals, with Pachuca winning the final against Cruz Azul with a 2–2 aggregate score, via the away goals rule. As winners, Pachuca qualified for the 2010 FIFA Club World Cup as the CONCACAF representative. Atlante are the defending champions, but failed to qualify and cannot defend titles.