hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Xinghuacun, Shanxi
Xinghuacun (Chinese: 杏花村; pinyin: Xìnghuācūn) is a town in Fenyang, Lüliang, Shanxi Province, China. As of 2020, it administers Fenjiu Residential Community (汾酒社区) and the following ten villages:

Dongbao Village (东堡村)

Xibao Village (西堡村)

Fenghaogou Village (冯郝沟村)

Anshang Village (安上村)

Xiaoxiang Village (小相村)

Shangbao Village (上堡村)

Xiabao Village (下堡村)

Xiaoxiangzhai Village (小相寨村)

Xinghuacun New Village (杏花村新村)

Wujiayuan Village (武家垣村)

Fenyang
Fenyang (simplified Chinese: 汾阳市; traditional Chinese: 汾陽市; pinyin: Fényáng Shì), formerly as Fenyang County (汾阳县) before 1996, is a county-level city under the administration of Lüliang prefecture-level city, in Shanxi Province, China.

Fenyang is located in the wide valley of the Fen River, some 20-plus kilometers west of the actual river.

Fenyang was the birthplace of Jia Zhangke, who filmed 1997 Xiao Wu there. Platform is set from the end of the 1970s to the beginning of the 1990s in and around Fenyang. Subsequently, Mountains May Depart features scenes set in Fenyang in 1999 and 2014. Fengyang is also the birthplace of Guo Qinglan (郭庆兰; Guō Qìnglán), the widow of Dwarkanath Kotnis.

Fenyang has a strong reputation within Shanxi for the production of Fenjiu (汾酒; fénjiǔ), a type of Baijiu known for its superior flavor.
Kamen Lednik
Rock Glacier (Macedonian: Камен Ледник, romanized: Kamen Lednik) is a rock glacier on the south flank of the Jakupica range below the eastern face of Solunska Glava in the central part of North Macedonia in Čaška Municipality.

Romanization of Macedonian
The romanization of Macedonian is the transliteration of text in Macedonian from the Macedonian Cyrillic alphabet into the Latin alphabet. Romanization can be used for various purposes, such as rendering of proper names in foreign contexts, or for informal writing of Macedonian in environments where Cyrillic is not easily available. Official use of romanization by North Macedonia's authorities is found, for instance, on road signage and in passports. Several different codified standards of transliteration currently exist and there is widespread variability in practice.

Although used for transliteration, Macedonian Latin script is neither widespread nor used in any formal or semi-formal communication in Macedonia. The language law of Macedonia emphasizes Cyrillic as the only alphabet of Macedonian language.
Kreis Ostrowo
Kreis Ostrowo (Polish: Powiat ostrowski) was a county in the southern administrative district of Posen, in the Prussian province of Posen. It presently lies in the southern part of Polish region of Greater Poland Voivodeship.

Posen (region)
Posen was the southern of two Prussian administrative regions, or Regierungsbezirke (Polish: rejencja), of the Grand Duchy of Posen (1815–1849) and its successor, the Province of Posen (1849–1918). The administrative region was bordered on the north by Regierungsbezirk Bromberg, to the west by the Province of Brandenburg, to the south by the Silesia Province, and to the east by Russian Congress Poland.

The Posen region was inhabited mainly by Poles practicing Roman Catholicism, although it had a minority of Germans, mostly Protestants. After World War I, most of the territory of this region was ceded to Poland.
Ultraviolet communication in butterflies
Butterflies, or members of the Papilionoidea superfamily, use two ultraviolet signals, UV reflectance or absorbance as a communication system. The ultraviolet region is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum between 10 nm and 400 nm in wavelength. Sensitivity to this region provides butterflies several benefits such as nectar guides for nectar, but it also provides a private communication channel unavailable to predators. With this secure line, butterflies are able to facilitate mating behavior and sex recognition.

Nectar guide
Nectar guides are markings or patterns seen in flowers of some angiosperm species, that guide pollinators to their rewards. These markings may appear as lines, spots, or "blotches". Such patterns are also known as "pollen guides" and "honey guides", though some authorities argue for the abandonment of such terms in favour of floral guides (see, for example, Dinkel & Lunau).
Weyto caste
The Weyto (also Wayto) (Amharic: ወይጦ) are a caste living in the Amhara region along the shore of Lake Tana in northern Ethiopia. They worship the Nile River and their ethnonym is related to the Weito River in Ethiopia's south. They currently live in Bahir Dar, Abirgha, Dembiya and Alefa. The Weyto also made up part of the population of the Blue Nile Falls and Fogera, where currently their presence has not been ascertained.

The Weyto are thought to have been one of the Konso tribes that migrated to northern Ethiopia, assimilating through time as a caste among the dominant Amhara people. Their endogamous stratum has existed in the hierarchical Amhara society, one of the largest ethnic groups found in Ethiopia and neighboring regions. Their hereditary occupation was hunting and leather work (tanning).

Fogera
Fogera (Amharic: ፎገራ) is a woreda in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Fogera is part of the Debub Gondar Zone. The district is bordered on the south by Dera, on the west by Lake Tana on the north by the Reb which separates it from Kemekem, on the northeast by Ebenat, and on the east by Farta.

The administrative center for this woreda is Wereta City. Other cities in Fogera include Alem Ber city.
Great Comet of 1680
C/1680 V1, also called the Great Comet of 1680, Kirch's Comet, and Newton's Comet, was the first comet discovered by telescope. It was discovered by Gottfried Kirch and was one of the brightest comets of the seventeenth century. It passed about 235000 km from the surface of the Sun.

Telescope
A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Originally, it was an optical instrument using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of both to observe distant objects – an optical telescope. Nowadays, the word "telescope" is defined as a wide range of instruments capable of detecting different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and in some cases other types of detectors.

The first known practical telescopes were refracting telescopes with glass lenses and were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century. They were used for both terrestrial applications and astronomy.

The reflecting telescope, which uses mirrors to collect and focus light, was invented within a few decades of the first refracting telescope.

In the 20th century, many new types of telescopes were invented, including radio telescopes in the 1930s and infrared telescopes in the 1960s.
Pine Lake (Springwater, Wisconsin)
Pine Lake is a deep seepage lake near the community of Springwater, Wisconsin, in Waushara County, located in central Wisconsin. It is one of eight lakes that can be found in the township of Springwater. This lake is 137 acres with a 48-foot maximum depth. It is a popular attraction for both fisherman and boaters.

Pine Lake is holomictic, which means that the water layers mix at least once a year throughout the whole lake. The water of the lake is moderately clear.

Waushara County, Wisconsin
Waushara County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 24,520. Its county seat is Wautoma.

Waushara County is located in central Wisconsin, about 80 miles (130 km) north of Madison.
Paolo Calcinaro
Paolo Calcinaro (born 13 September 1977) is an Italian politician. An independent member of a centrist local Civic List, he was deputy mayor of the city of Fermo from 2011 to 2013. Calcinaro was elected Mayor of Fermo on 17 June 2015.

He was re-elected for a second term on 22 September 2020.

In the 2025 regional elections, Calcinaro ran for a seat on the Regional Council of Marche in support of the incumbent governor Francesco Acquaroli of Brothers of Italy, as a candidate on the civic list "I Marchigiani per Acquaroli". He emerged as the most voted candidate for the Regional Council across the entire region, receiving 9,311 votes.

Following the victory of the centre-right coalition and Acquaroli's reconfirmation as governor, Calcinaro was appointed regional assessor for Healthcare and Social policies.

2025 Marche regional election
The 2025 Marche regional election in Marche, Italy, took place on 28–29 September 2025. The date was announced by Regional President Francesco Acquaroli, who stated the vote would be held in late September.

The contest featured incumbent President Francesco Acquaroli, a senator and former mayor of Potenza Picena, who ran for a second term as the centre-right coalitions alliance "Più Marche", which included Brothers of Italy (FdI), Lega, Forza Italia and seven other parties and civic lists. His main opponent was Matteo Ricci of the Democratic Party (PD), leading the centre-left "Alleanza del Cambiamento", an alliance of 19 parties and civic lists, including the PD, M5S, Italia Viva, PRC, +Europa, Volt and Europa Verde.

Acquaroli was first elected in 2020 with 49.13% of the vote and 20 out of 31 assembly seats, the first centre-right president in Marche's post-war history.
Toppin
Toppin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aubrey  Toppin (1881–1969), English officer of arms

Charles Toppin (disambiguation), multiple people

Dexter Toppin (born 1957), South African cricketer

Edgar Toppin (1928–2004), American historian

John Toppin (1900–1965), English cricketer

Jovon Toppin (born 1989), Trinidadian sprinter

Obi Toppin (born 1998), American basketball player

Rupe Toppin (born 1941), Panamanian baseball player

Edgar Toppin
Edgar Allan Toppin, Sr. (January 22, 1928 – December 8, 2004) was an African-American professor of history, and an author who specialized in Civil War, Reconstruction and African-American history. He spent the majority of his 40+ year teaching career at Virginia State University, and wrote ten books on the subjects of American and African-American history. He served on several historical boards including the National Park Service, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation and Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History, the later serving as president. As president, he was instrumental in turning Black History Week into Black History Month in 1976.
Botswana Predator Conservation Trust
The Botswana Predator Conservation Trust (BPCT), formerly called the Botswana Wild Dog Research Project in 1989, expanded from addressing wild dog conservation to cover all the large carnivore species in Botswana.

Carnivore
A carnivore /ˈkɑːrnɪvɔːr/, or meat-eater (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning meat or flesh and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose nutrition and energy requirements are met by consumption of animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other soft tissues) as food, whether through predation or scavenging.
Haralamb H. Georgescu
Haralamb H. Georgescu (1908–1977), also known as Harlan Georgesco, was a twentieth century Romanian-American modernist architect. He had a 44-year career spanning time in both Romania and the United States before dying in California in 1977.

Romanian Americans
Romanian Americans (Romanian: români americani) are Americans who have Romanian ancestry. According to the 2023 American Community Survey, 425,738 Americans indicated Romanian as their first or second ancestry, however other sources provide higher estimates, which are most likely more accurate, for the numbers of Romanian Americans in the contemporary United States; for example, the Romanian-American Network supplies a rough estimate of 1.2 million who are fully or partially of Romanian ethnicity. There is also a significant number of people of Romanian Jewish ancestry, estimated at 225,000.
CP Vic
Club Patí Vic is a Spanish rink hockey club based in Vic, in the autonomous community of Catalonia. Founded in 1951, the club currently plays in the OK Liga, holding its home games at the Pavelló del Club Patí Vic, with capacity of 3,500 seats.

WSE Cup
The WSE Cup is an annual European club roller hockey competition organised by the World Skate Europe - Rink Hockey since 1980. It is the second most important club competition and features teams who did not qualify for the top-tier WSE Champions League. The winners of the WSE Cup earn the right to play the WSE Continental Cup against the winners of the WSE Champions League.
Per un pugno nell'occhio
Per un pugno nell'occhio is a 1965 Italian film by Michele Lupo starring the comic duo Franco and Ciccio.  It is a Spaghetti Western parody of Fistful of Dollars and was also known as Fistful of Knuckles and For a Fist in the Eye.

Michele Lupo
Michele Lupo (4 December 1932 – 27 June 1989) was an Italian film director. He directed 23 films between 1962 and 1982. He was born in Corleone, Italy, and died on 27 June 1989 in a clinic in Rome, Italy at the age of 56.
Gelfingen railway station
Gelfingen railway station (German: Bahnhof Gelfingen) is a railway station in the municipality of Hitzkirch, in the Swiss canton of Lucerne. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge Seetal line of Swiss Federal Railways.

Lucerne S-Bahn
The Lucerne S-Bahn (German: S-Bahn Luzern) is an S-Bahn-style commuter rail network focusing on Lucerne in Central Switzerland.

Opened on 12 December 2004, the network forms part of the Central Switzerland S-Bahn project (German: S-Bahn Zentralschweiz), which also includes the Zug Stadtbahn (German: Stadtbahn Zug).

The system connects to services of Aargau S-Bahn, Bern S-Bahn and Zurich S-Bahn. At larger stations, notably Arth-Goldau, Lucerne and Zug, its lines also connect to long-distance trains (RE, IR, IC, EC). It also connects to mountain railways, such as the Pilatus Railway or the Arth-Rigi railway. Lakeside stations are often close to landing sites served by the Lake Lucerne Navigation Company.
Beaver Island (Antarctica)
Beaver Island is an island in Antarctica, 3.7 kilometres (2 nmi) long and 1.9 kilometres (1 nmi) wide, situated on the south flank of Beaver Glacier in Amundsen Bay. It was first visited in 1956 by an Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions party led by P. W. Crohn, and so named because of its proximity to Beaver Glacier.

Beaver Glacier (Enderby Land)
Beaver Glacier is a glacier about 15 miles (24 km) long and 4 miles (6 km) wide, flowing west into Amundsen Bay between Auster Glacier and Mount Gleadell. The head of Beaver Glacier is located very close to the base of Mount King in Enderby Land. It was visited by an Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) party on October 28, 1956, and named after the Beaver aircraft used by ANARE in coastal exploration.
Metisse
Metisse is a 2.5D X window manager with many features that set it apart from the traditional 3D "cube" workspace. Windows can be turned three-dimensionally in any direction, enabling the user to fit more windows onto a screen, and they can be scaled, all while remaining fully operational. The development team has avoided such effects as wobbly windows, giving functionality and productivity higher priority than eye candy.

Metisse was available for Mandriva One 2007, PCLinuxOS 2007, Sabayon Linux, Arch Linux, and other Linux distributions, as well as FreeBSD, and Mac OS X.

Metisse is free and open-source software subject to the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL).

Mandriva
Mandriva S.A. was a public software company specializing in Linux and open-source software. Its corporate headquarters were in Paris, and it had development centers in Metz, France and Curitiba, Brazil. Mandriva, S.A. was the developer and maintainer of a Linux distribution called Mandriva Linux, as well as various enterprise software products. Mandriva was a founding member of the Desktop Linux Consortium.
Daugavpils–Kurcums Railway
The Daugavpils–Kurcums Railway is a 25 kilometres (16 mi) long,  cross-border railway line in southeastern Latvia. The railway line connects the city of Daugavpils with Latvia's border with Lithuania from where it continues in Lithuania as the Vilnius–Turmantas Railway to Vilnius.

The 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in) gauge railway line is single-track and unelectrified for its entire length. It is managed by Latvijas dzelzceļš (LDz), Latvia's state-owned railway infrastructure manager.

The railway line was built in the 19th century to connect Daugavpils and Vilnius as part of the Saint Petersburg–Warsaw Railway.

Glossary of rail transport terms
Rail transport terms are a form of technical terminology applied to railways. Although many terms are uniform across different nations and companies, they are by no means universal, with differences often originating from parallel development of rail transport systems in different parts of the world, and in the national origins of the engineers and managers who built the inaugural rail infrastructure. An example is the term railroad, used (but not exclusively) in North America, and railway, generally used in English-speaking countries outside North America and by the International Union of Railways. In English-speaking countries outside the United Kingdom, a mixture of US and UK terms may exist.

Various terms, both global and specific to individual countries, are listed here. The abbreviation "UIC" refers to terminology adopted by the International Union of Railways in its official publications and thesaurus.
Let's Go Luna!
Let's Go Luna! is an educational animated children's television series created by Joe Murray that aired on PBS Kids. Murray formerly worked on the Nickelodeon animated series Rocko's Modern Life and Cartoon Network animated series Camp Lazlo. It is co-produced by 9 Story Media Group and Brown Bag Films. Judy Greer provides the voice of the titular Luna. In the first season, there are 38 half-hour episodes and a one-hour special. The second season has 26 episodes and premiered on May 10, 2021. Each episode consists of two 11-minute story segments, with a short segment of one of the characters telling a folktale, song or poem from that country in between.

Unlike Rocko's Modern Life and Camp Lazlo, which are both sitcoms, Let's Go Luna! marks the first educational series created by Joe Murray. The series aired 65 episodes through November 18, 2022.

Brown Bag Films
Brown Bag Films UC. (BBF) is an Irish animation studio owned by Canadian media company 9 Story Media Group and based in Dublin, with 2D and 3D animation facilities in Bali, Los Angeles, Toronto, and formerly Manchester.

Founded in 1994 by Cathal Gaffney and Darragh O'Connell, the studio is well known for the production of computer-animated television series and short films, including Give Up Yer Aul Sins and Granny O'Grimm's Sleeping Beauty. The studio has garnered a number of awards, including Academy Award nominations for Give Up Yer Aul Sins (Best Animated Short Film at the 73rd Academy Awards) and Granny O'Grimm's Sleeping Beauty (Best Animated Short Film at the 83rd Academy Awards), 6 Emmy Awards for Peter Rabbit, an Emmy award for Bing and a number of BAFTA, Emmy and Annie Award nominations for their shows; Octonauts, Doc McStuffins, Henry Hugglemonster, and Vampirina.
Jonathan Marc
Jonathan Marc (born 12 January 1988 in Lannion) is a French slalom canoeist who has competed at the international level since 2005.

He won a bronze medal in the C1 team event at the 2013 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Prague.

2013 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 2013 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships took place from 11 to 15 September 2013 in Prague, Czech Republic under the auspices of International Canoe Federation (ICF) at the Prague-Troja Canoeing Centre. It was the 35th edition. Prague was the host city for the second time after hosting the event previously in 2006.

The city was awarded the event at an ICF Board of Directors meeting in Budapest, Hungary on 10 April 2010.
Military Office of the Ministry of Defence
Military Office of the [Royal Swedish] Ministry of Defence (Swedish: Försvarsdepartementets kommandoexpedition, FKE), previously the Military Office of the [Swedish] Minister of Defence (Swedish: Försvarets kommandoexpedition, FKE), was an office in the Royal Chancery from 1945 to 1974 and in the Government Offices from 1975 to 1979, where all so-called ‘military command matters’ were handled and from where these accompanying dispatches (including general orders) were issued.

General order
A general order, in military and paramilitary organizations, is a published directive, originated by a commander and binding upon all personnel under their command. Its purpose is to enforce a policy or procedure that is not otherwise addressed in applicable service regulations, military law, or public law.
Francesco Bassani
Francesco Bassani (29 October 1853 – 26 April 1916) was an Italian geologist and paleontologist among the first to identify ichthyosaur fossils from northern Italy.

Bassani was born in Thiene, studied at Vicenza and graduated from the University of Padua where he studied under Giovanni Omboni. He also studied in Paris under Albert Gaudry, Melchior Neumayr and Edward Suess in Vienna and Karl Alfred von Zittel in Munich between 1877 and 1879. He worked in Padua for a while, then moved to Milan in 1883 and collaborated with Antonio Stoppani between 1882 and 1885. He became a director of the institute of geology in Naples in 1887 and worked there until his death. He described numerous fossils from Italian localities including an ichthyosaur from Besano. He described fossil fish from Chiavon with illustrations made by his Dutch-origin wife Everdina Douwes Dekker who he married in 1880. A mineral from Vesuvius was named after him as bassanite in 1906. He died at Capri.

Bassanite
Bassanite is a sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate hemihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO4·0.5H2O or 2CaSO4·H2O. It has half a water molecule per CaSO4 unit.

Bassanite was first described in 1910 for an occurrence on Mount Vesuvius. It was named for Italian paleontologist Francesco Bassani (1853–1916).

At Vesuvius it occurs as alterations from gypsum within leucite tephrite and as fumarole deposits. It occurs in dry lake beds in California and Australia. It also occurs interlayered with gypsum in caves.

H. Schmidt and coinvestigators reported in 2011 that under dry conditions, the structure is monoclinic with space group C2, but at 75% humidity, the structure is trigonal with space group P3221. This reflects the incorporation of additional water of hydration, such that the trigonal form has the formula CaSO4·0.625H2O.
Bernard Zadi Zaourou
Bernard Zadi Zaourou or Bottey Zadi Zaourou (1938 – 20 March 2012) was an Ivorian politician, teacher and writer, minister of culture with Daniel Kablan Duncan in 1993.

Zaourou was born in Soubré.  He was considered as a feminist writer and the theoriser of "DIDIGA" aesthetics

Soubré
Soubré is a city in southwestern Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of and the seat of Soubré Department. It is also a commune and the seat of Nawa Region in Bas-Sassandra District. In the 2014 census, the city had a population of 101,196 and the sub-prefecture a population of 175,163.