hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Siege of Chernihiv (1668)
Siege of Chernihiv (Ukrainian: Облога Чернігова) was a siege of the Russian garrison in the city of Chernihiv in the Left-bank Ukraine by the Zaporozhian Cossacks led by Ivan Samoylovych during the Left-Bank Uprising. The Zaporozhians were besieging the city until September, when Romodanovsky's reinforcements arrived there and unblocked Andrei Tolstoy's garrison.

Left-bank Ukraine
The Left-bank Ukraine is a historic region in north-central and central Ukraine. It is located on the left (east) bank of the Dnieper River, comprising the modern-day oblasts of Chernihiv and Poltava. as well as the eastern parts of Kyiv and Cherkasy, and the western part of Sumy.

Left-bank Ukraine is bordered by the historical regions of Right-bank Ukraine to the southwest, Zaporizhzhia to the southeast, Sloboda Ukraine to the east, and Polesia and White Ruthenia to the north.

Largest cities are Kyiv (eastern part), Chernihiv, Poltava and Kremenchuk.
Daniel W. Bursch
Daniel Wheeler Bursch (born July 25, 1957) is a former NASA astronaut, and Captain of the United States Navy. He had four spaceflights, the first three of which were Space Shuttle missions lasting 10 to 11 days each. His fourth and final spaceflight was a long-duration stay aboard the International Space Station as a crew member of Expedition 4, which lasted from December 2001 to June 2002. This 196-day mission set a new record for the longest duration spaceflight for an American astronaut, a record simultaneously set with his crew mate Carl Walz. Their record has since been broken, and as of 2016 it is held by Scott Kelly, who flew a 340-day mission during Expeditions 43, 44 and 45.

Expedition 43
Expedition 43 was the 43rd expedition to the International Space Station. It commenced on 11 March 2015 with the undocking of Soyuz TMA-14M, returning the crew of Expedition 42 to Earth and ended with the departure of Soyuz TMA-15M on 11 June 2015.

The Expedition 43 crew spent an extra "bonus month" on board pending investigation of the Progress M-27M cargo spacecraft failure. On June 8, 2015 ISS adjusted its orbit to move to a safe distance from a piece of orbital space debris.

This expedition also used the ISSpresso machine and tested a special cup designed to be drunk from in microgravity by using capillary flow. This was a further development of a zero gravity cup invented by astronaut Donald Pettit and tested on ISS in 2008. The new zero g coffee cup idea was further developed by a Fluid physicist at Portland State University among others.
Parham (surname)
Parham is an English surname.

Parham is a habitational name derived from villages named Parham in Suffolk (in the East of England) and Sussex (in South East England). It is derived from the Old English words pere meaning "pear", and hām meaning "homestead" (alternatively, from hamm meaning "water meadow"). Early known bearers include Turmod de Perham (Marlesford, Suffolk) mentioned in the 1086 Domesday Book and William de Perreham mentioned in the 1187 Pipe rolls of Sussex. Variants of the surname include Perram, Parram, and Perham.

East of England
The East of England is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of ITL for statistical purposes.  It consists of the ceremonial counties of Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Norfolk and Suffolk. The northern part of the region, consisting of Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire, is known as East Anglia. The latter region has been considered an informal region in its own right due to its differing cultural identity.

The population of the East of England in 2024 was 6,576,306. Bedford, Luton, Basildon, Peterborough, Southend-on-Sea, Norwich, Ipswich, Colchester, Chelmsford and Cambridge are the most populous settlements. Peterborough is the largest city in the East of England at 215,000. The southern part of the region lies in the London commuter belt.
1969 RCD Cup
The 1969 RCD Cup was the third edition of the RCD Cup. The event was held at the Ankara 19 Mayıs Stadium in Ankara, Turkey. This was a three nation tournament played in league format between Iran, Pakistan and Turkey.

Ankara 19 Mayıs Stadium
The Ankara 19 Mayıs Stadium (Turkish: Ankara 19 Mayıs Stadyumu) was the main stadium of Ankara and was used by Gençlerbirliği and Ankaragücü as their home venue, until its closure in 2018. It was built in 1930 and is part of the 19 Mayıs Sports Complex, which is located in the Ulus district. The stadium had a capacity of 19,209 (all-seater). Ankaraspor also used the stadium until they moved to their new venue in the Yenikent district.

The stadium was named after the date May 19, 1919, when Mustafa Kemal Atatürk arrived at Samsun to start the Turkish War of Independence. Official ceremonies to celebrate the May 19th Youth and Sports Day were also held at the stadium.

In August 2018, demolition of the stadium began in order to make way for a new stadium to be built on the site.
Hartley Power
Hartley Power (14 March 1894 – 29 January 1966) was an American-born British film and television actor, who made his Broadway debut in Dolly Jordan in 1922. He is best remembered for two roles: "Sylvester Kee" the ventriloquist who is shot and almost killed by "Maxwell Frere" (Michael Redgrave) as a rival for his dummy's "affections" in Dead of Night and Mr. Hennessy, the chief of the news agency that Gregory Peck worked for in Roman Holiday.

Power died in a Brighton nursing home on 29 January 1966, at the age of 71.

Michael Redgrave
Sir Michael Scudamore Redgrave (20 March 1908 – 21 March 1985) was an English actor and filmmaker. Beginning his career in theatre, he first appeared in the West End in 1937. He made his film debut in Alfred Hitchcock's The Lady Vanishes in 1938.

Redgrave received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance in Mourning Becomes Electra (1947), as well as two BAFTA nominations for Best British Actor for his performances in The Night My Number Came Up (1955) and Time Without Pity (1957).

At the 4th Cannes Film Festival, he won Best Actor for his performance in The Browning Version (1951).
1993 Metro Manila Film Festival
The 19th Metro Manila Film Festival was held in 1993.

Reyna Films' Kung Mawawala Ka Pa and Star Cinema's May Minamahal shared top honors in the 1993 Metro Manila Film Festival. Kung Mawawala Ka Pa was awarded Best Picture and received seven other awards including the Best Actress for Dawn Zulueta among others. On the other hand, May Minamahal won nine awards including the Best Actor for the second consecutive time winner Aga Muhlach, Best Director for Jose Javier Reyes, Second Best Picture, and the coveted Gatpuno Antonio J. Villegas Cultural Awards among others.

This year's festival was also the first to feature short films as part of their Short Film Endowment Program, which was organized in collaboration with Mowelfund Film Institute.

Gatpuno Antonio J. Villegas Cultural Award
Gatpuno Antonio J. Villegas Cultural Award is an annual event created by the Metro Manila Film Festival in honor of former mayor (gatpuno) Antonio Villegas. It awards lifetime achievement awards to films in the annual film festivals, and that portrays Philippine culture and Filipino people to the world.
Elmore Elver
Elmore Theodore Elver (March 4, 1877 – May 19, 1921) was an American politician and lawyer.

Born in the town of Vermont, Dane County, Wisconsin, Elver moved to Madison, Wisconsin and went to high school. Elver graduated from the University of Wisconsin in 1898, and from its College of Law in 1901. He practiced law in Madison, Wisconsin. In 1907, Elver served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Democrat. He died in a hospital in Madison, Wisconsin from pneumonia.

Dane County, Wisconsin
Dane County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 561,504, making it the second-most populous county in Wisconsin after Milwaukee County. Dane County is the fastest growing county in Wisconsin. It contains nearly 10% of the population of Wisconsin, and it only contained 5% of Wisconsin's population in 1950.

The county seat is Madison, which is also the state capital. Dane County is the central county of the Madison metropolitan area, as well as the Madison–Janesville–Beloit combined statistical area.
Dunmore, County Galway
Dunmore (Irish: Dún Mór, meaning 'big fort') is a town in County Galway, Ireland. It is located on the N83 national secondary road at its junction with the R328 and R360 regional roads. The town is in a townland and civil parish of the same name.

The town belongs to an ancient tuath called Conmhaícne Dúna-Móir and Cenél Dubáin, ruled by Uí Conchobair of Ui Briuin Ai from the 12th century, and a capital of Connacht for a time. King Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair died here in 1156.

Until the early 1980s, the N83 through Dunmore was on the main road from Sligo to Galway. Improvements to the N17 route through Knock and Claremorris reduced the amount of traffic on the N83.

Claremorris
Claremorris (/ˌkleɪrˈmɒrɪs/; Irish: Clár Chlainne Mhuiris) is a town in County Mayo in the west of Ireland, at the junction of the N17 and the N60 national routes. As of the 2017, it was the fastest growing town in the county, having seen a 31% increase in population between 2006 and 2011, and a 23% increase between 2002 and 2006. Between the 2016 census and the 2022 census, the population of Claremorris grew further, from 3,687 to 3,857 inhabitants.

The town sits at the bottom of a valley, all roads leading to the town follow hills, in particular the old Knock road (known as the Knock hill) and Courthouse road. Although low-lying, the town does not experience flooding. There is no major river through the town although there are two lakes in the town centre: Clare Lough where the 'Land of the Giants' amenity is located and Mayfield Lough. A small river flows between the two.
Film i Väst
Film i Väst (English: "Film in West") is a film company located in Trollhättan, Sweden, founded in 1992 by the Älvsborg County Council. Film i Väst became known early on under the nickname Trollywood (from Trollhättan + Hollywood). Since its inception, Film i Väst has co-produced a total of more than 1,000 Swedish and international feature films, TV dramas, documentaries and short films. Lars von Trier used its facilities in his movies, such as Dogville and Manderlay.

Region Västra Götaland
Region Västra Götaland (Swedish: Västra Götalandsregionen), is the devolved regional council of Västra Götaland County in Sweden. It was created in 1999 by the merger of the county councils of Gothenburg and Bohus, Älvsborg, and Skaraborg Counties coupled with the devolution of power from the County administrative boards of the same counties, that also merged. Its main responsibilities are the public healthcare system and public transport.
Johnny Dixon (American football)
John J. Dixon (born January 3, 2001) is an American football cornerback/defensive back who is currently a free agent. He previously played for the Penn State Nittany Lions and the South Carolina Gamecocks.

Penn State Nittany Lions football
The Penn State Nittany Lions team represents the Pennsylvania State University in college football. The Nittany Lions compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) as a member of the Big Ten Conference, which they joined in 1993 after playing as an Independent from 1892 to 1992.

Established in 1887, the Nittany Lions have achieved numerous on-field successes, including two consensus national championships in 1982 and 1986; four Big Ten Conference championships in 1994, 2005, 2008 and 2016; 13 undefeated seasons in 1887, 1894, 1909, 1911, 1912, 1920, 1921, 1947, 1968, 1969, 1973, 1986 and 1994; and 53 appearances in college bowl games, with an all-time post-season bowl record of 32–20–2. The team ranks seventh among NCAA Division I college football programs in all-time total wins.

The Nittany Lions play their home games at Beaver Stadium, located on campus in University Park, Pennsylvania.
James Carr (wrestler)
James Emmet "Jimmy" Carr (January 28, 1955 – August 15, 2013) was an American freestyle and folkstyle wrestler. Carr was the youngest Olympian in U.S. wrestling history, competing at the 1972 Summer Olympics while still in high school as a 17-year-old. He also competed at the 1971 World Wrestling Championships at 52 kg (114.5 pounds) as a 16-year-old.

Carr was a Junior World Champion in 1973. As a college wrestler, he was an NCAA All-American for Kentucky, placing fifth at the 1977 NCAA Championships at 126 pounds. He died on August 15, 2013, from complications from a motor vehicle crash at age 58.

U20 World Wrestling Championships
The U20 World Wrestling Championships is the main wrestling championships in the Junior age category (between 17 and 20 years old), organised by United World Wrestling (UWW). This event was held twice in 1979 and 1980.
California Administrative Procedure Act
The California Administrative Procedure Act (APA) is a series of acts of the California Legislature first enacted 15 June 1945 that requires California state agencies to adopt regulations in accordance with its provisions. It predates the federal Administrative Procedure Act that was enacted almost a year later on 11 June 1946.

California Codes
The California Codes are 29 legal codes enacted by the California State Legislature, which, alongside uncodified acts, form the general statutory law of California. The official codes are maintained by the California Office of Legislative Counsel for the legislature.  The Legislative Counsel also publishes the official text of the Codes publicly at leginfo.legislature.ca.gov.
John Ellerker Boulcott
John Ellerker Boulcott (28 December 1784 – 8 December 1855) was an English merchant and shipowner. He was a director of the London and Dublin Bank and also a director of the New Zealand Company and he served as the sheriff of Merioneth in Wales. He owned considerable land and buildings in London and other property just outside the city by the time of his death in 1855.

Limehouse
Limehouse is a district in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets in East London. It is 3.9 miles (6.3 km) east of Charing Cross, on the northern bank of the River Thames. Its proximity to the river has given it a strong maritime character, which it retains through its riverside public houses and steps, such as The Grapes and Limehouse Stairs.

The area gives its name to Limehouse Reach, a section of the Thames which runs south to Millwall after making a right-angled bend at Cuckold's Point, Rotherhithe. The west-to-east section upstream of Cuckold's Point is properly called the Lower Pool.
Symphonies (song)
"Symphonies" is a song by British musician Dan Black, released as the first single from his 2009 debut album UN.

Evolving from his previous single "HYPNTZ", the track was written, composed, and produced by Black himself.

The track was released as the U.S. iTunes "Single of the Week" for the week of 28 December 2009 and the video was released on iTunes for free for the week of 15 March 2010. A remix of the song was recorded with Kid Cudi, and was released as a bonus track in the United States.

The track has also been used in the "A More Exciting Place to Live" ad campaign by Virgin Media in the UK. It was also used in 2010 comedy film Easy A and used on the NBA 2K11 soundtrack.

Easy A
Easy A (stylized as easy A) is a 2010 American teen romantic
comedy film directed by Will Gluck, written by Bert V. Royal, and starring Emma Stone, Penn Badgley, Amanda Bynes, Thomas Haden Church, Patricia Clarkson, Cam Gigandet, Lisa Kudrow, Malcolm McDowell, Aly Michalka, and Stanley Tucci.  The screenplay was partially inspired by the 1850 novel The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne.

Shot in Ojai, California, the film was released on September 17, 2010 by Sony Pictures Releasing. The film received positive reviews with high praise for Stone's performance, and was a major financial success, grossing $75 million worldwide against a budget of $8 million. Stone received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress in a Comedy or Musical, while the movie won the Critics' Choice Award for Best Comedy. The film is ranked as number 14 on Entertainment Weekly's 2021 list of the Best High School Movies. Easy A is also Bynes’ last appearance in a motion picture film to date.
Battle of Pombal
The Battle of Pombal (March 9 to 11, 1811) was a sharp but ultimately indecisive skirmish fought at the eponymous town during Marshal Masséna's retreat from the Lines of Torres Vedras, the first in a series of lauded rearguard actions fought by Michel Ney. The French were pursued by Wellington and his British-Portuguese army but the Allied advance was energetically contested by Ney's efforts, preventing Wellington from crushing Masséna's army when it was critically vulnerable.

At Pombal, Ney turned part of his rearguard to face the larger Anglo-Portuguese forces and checked their advance, before he faced new attacks and chose to disengage to rejoin the main body of Masséna's army. Both British and French sources note Ney's skilful leadership of his rearguard; they report on the engagements that happened on the 9th, 10th and 11th. However, the descriptions of actions differ to some extent.

Rearguard
A rearguard or rear security is a part of a military force that protects it from attack from the rear, either during an advance or withdrawal. The term can also be used to describe forces protecting lines, such as communication lines, behind an army. Even more generally, a rearguard action may refer idiomatically to an attempt at preventing something though it is likely too late to be prevented; this idiomatic meaning may apply in either a military or non-military context.
Blackbird Books
Blackbird Books is a South African publishing company. It was founded by columnist Thabiso Mahlape in August 2015. It had been incubated by and became an imprint under Jacana Publishers. It became an independent publishing house as of 1 April 2020. Blackbird Books was created to publish new and existing black writers and narratives, and thereby entertain a variety of readers across different demographics.

Since its inception, BlackBird has published titles like the award-winning Endings & Beginnings by Redi Tlhabi, Eyebags & Dimples by Bonnie Henna, If You Keep Digging by Keletso Mopai, The Eternal Audience Of One by Rémy Ngamije, An Image In A Mirror by Ijangolet S Ogwang, Sweet Medicine by Panashe Chigumadzi, Piggy Boy’s Blue by Nakhane Toure, and The Pavement Bookworm by Philani Dladla.

Redi Tlhabi
Redi Tlhabi (née Direko; born 1978) is a South African journalist, producer, author and a former radio presenter. She presented The Redi Tlhabi Show on Radio 702 for over a decade. Her broadcasting career spans years spent at Kaya FM, being a newscaster for the SABC and later, eMedia Holdings owned eNews Channel Africa, eNCA. 
Tlhabi has an Honours degree in Political Economy and English Literature. She has been a television and radio journalist for the SABC and eTV.
Dave Turner (soccer, born 1903)
Dave Turner (11 October 1903 – 6 April 1989) was a Canadian soccer player from the 1920s and 1930s. He was a four-time Dominion of Canada Football Championship winner with the Westminster Royals FC, and represented Canada on their 1927 tour to New Zealand. He was honoured by Canada's Sports Hall of Fame as part of their inaugural class in 1955 and then posthumously honoured by the Canada Soccer Hall of Fame as part of the inaugural class in 2000.

He helped the Royals become the first Canadian team to win the Challenge Trophy four times (1928, 1930, 1931, 1936).

Turner was inducted into the British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame in 1966. He died on 6 April 1989, at the age of 85.

1931 Dominion of Canada Football Championship
The 1931 Dominion of Canada Football Championship was the 16th staging of Canada Soccer's domestic football club competition. Westminster Royals FC won the Challenge Trophy after they beat Toronto Scottish FC with back-to-back wins at Carruthers Park in Winnipeg from 30 July to 3 August 1931.

After winning the British Columbia section, Westminster Royals FC beat Edmonton CNR and Winnipeg Irish FC on the road to the Canadian Final.

This was Westminster's third of four Dominion titles in a nine-year span from 1928 to 1936.
Dolní Poustevna railway station
Dolní Poustevna (Czech: Dolní Poustevna, until 1945 German: Nieder Einsiedel) is a railway station in the town of Dolní Poustevna, Ústí nad Labem Region, Czech Republic. The station was modernised in 2009 with the removal of old tracks and building new platforms. The station used to be a border station with Germany, where it connects to the German network at Sebnitz. The cross-border connection was closed in 1945 and reopened in July 2014. The station is now served by České dráhy in cooperation with DB Regio: the National Park Railway. This service connects Děčín and Rumburk via Bad Schandau and Sebnitz. The original station building has been sold.

Rumburk
Rumburk (Czech pronunciation: [ˈrumburk]; German: Rumburg) is a town in Děčín District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 11,000 inhabitants. It lies on the border with Germany.
Methanogenium boonei
Methanogenium boonei is a methanogenic archaean. Cells are non-motile irregular cocci 1.0–2.5 μm in diameter. This mesophile grows optimally at 19.4 °C, pH6.4–7.8, salinity 0.3–0.5M Na+. It was first isolated from Skan Bay, Alaska.

Concentration
In chemistry, concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. Several types of mathematical description can be distinguished: mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration. The concentration can refer to any kind of chemical mixture, but most frequently refers to solutes and solvents in solutions. The molar (amount) concentration has variants, such as normal concentration and osmotic concentration. Dilution is reduction of concentration, e.g., by adding solvent to a solution. The verb "to concentrate" means to increase concentration, the opposite of dilute.
Subekti
Subekti (1914–1992) was the fourth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia.

Although Subekti had initially been in consideration for the position of the country's third chief justice, then-President Sukarno chose Subekti's predecessor, Suryadi, against the recommendations of the Parliament of Indonesia. Among the reasons for Sukarno's rejection was the false accusation that Subekti played poker, viewed as an immoral act unbefitting a judge. Suryadi fell into conflict with the Indonesian Judges Association (of which he had been a founding member) as well as parliament; he resigned under President Suharto, after which parliament promptly appointed Subekti as chief justice.

Supreme Court of Indonesia
The Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia) is the independent judicial arm of the state. It maintains a system of courts and sits above the other courts and is the final court of appeal. It can also re-examine cases if new evidence emerges.