hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jane Reece
Jane B. Reece is an American scientist and textbook author. Along with American biologist Neil Campbell, she wrote the widely used Campbell/Reece Biology textbooks. Following Campbell's death in 2004, she collaborated with American biologist Lisa Urry to update subsequent editions. The textbook is widely acclaimed and is used in 90 percent of AP Biology classes and 60 percent of introductory college biology courses. The textbook has been used by over 14 million students and has been translated into over 20 languages.

AP Biology
Advanced Placement (AP) Biology (also known as AP Bio) is an Advanced Placement biology course and exam offered by the College Board in the United States. For the 2012–2013 school year, the College Board unveiled a new curriculum with a greater focus on "scientific practices".

This course is designed for students who wish to pursue an interest in the life sciences. The College Board recommends successful completion of high school biology and high school chemistry before commencing AP Biology, although the actual prerequisites vary from school to school and from state to state.
Áed Rón mac Cathail
Áed Rón mac Cathail (died 604) was a king of the Uí Failge, a Laigin people of County Offaly. He was the grandson of Bruidge mac Nath Í (died 579), a previous king.

He is listed as king in the Book of Leinster king list though incorrectly as Aed Róin mac Falge Ruit. He is also mentioned in a poem in the genealogies about the royal fort at Rathangan, County Kildare. His father Cathal mac Bruidgi was also mentioned as king in this poem but is not in the king list or annals.

Áed took the side of the Síl nÁedo Sláine branch versus the Clann Cholmáin in the feud among the southern Ui Neill. As a result he was slain in 604 on the same day as Áed Sláine in the interests of Conall Guthbinn (died 635), king of Uisnech.

His son Ailill mac Áedo Róin was a king of the Uí Failge. However future kings were to descend from his brother Máel Uma.

Kingdom of Uí Failghe
The kingdom of Uí Fháilghe, Uí Failge (early spelling) or Uíbh Fhailí (modern spelling), (pronounced [iːvʲ ˈalʲiː]) was a Gaelic-Irish kingdom which existed to 1550, the name of which (though not the territory) is preserved in the name of County Offaly (Irish: Contae Uíbh Fhailí), Ireland.

County Offaly was constructed from elements of a number of ancient Irish Kingdoms of which Uí Failghe was one amongst such as Mide (present day west Offaly) and Munster (present day south Offaly). In modern territorial boundaries the kingdom today would correspond with County Offaly east of Tullamore, western parts of Kildare and parts of north east Laois. The name was also retained in the names of two baronies in County Kildare that formed part of the kingdom, Offaly (Ophaley) East and Offaly (Ophaley) West.
Old Polina
Old Polina (Roud 285) is a traditional Newfoundland folk song. It is most likely based on the ship Polynia, built in 1861, of the Dundee Seal and Whale Fishing Company fleet. Polynia was commanded by Captain William Guy from 1883 to 1891, when she was sunk by ice in Davis Strait. This song is similar to another song called The Balaena, about another whaler.

Roud Folk Song Index
The Roud Folk Song Index is a database of around 250,000 references to nearly 25,000 songs collected from oral tradition in the English language from all over the world. It is compiled by Steve Roud. Roud's Index is a combination of the Broadside Index (printed sources before 1900) and a "field-recording index" compiled by Roud. It subsumes all the previous printed sources known to Francis James Child (the Child Ballads) and includes recordings from 1900 to 1975. Until early 2006, the index was available by a CD subscription; now it can be found online on the Vaughan Williams Memorial Library website, maintained by the English Folk Dance and Song Society (EFDSS). A partial list is also available at List of folk songs by Roud number.
Tzucacab
Tzucacab is a town and the municipal seat of the Tzucacab Municipality in Yucatán, Mexico. It gained prominence for being the site where the Treaty of Tzucacab was signed, an attempt to end the brutal Caste War of Yucatán that began in the Yucatán Peninsula in 1847. This conflict persisted until 1901 when Mexican federal troops finally reclaimed the last strongholds from indigenous Maya rebels, specifically Bacalar and Chan Santa Cruz in what is now the state of Quintana Roo.

Chan Santa Cruz
Chan Santa Cruz  was a late 19th-century indigenous Maya state in the modern-day Mexican state of Quintana Roo. It was also the name of a shrine that served as the center of the Maya Cruzoob religious movement, and of the town that developed around the shrine, now known as Felipe Carrillo Puerto. The town was historically the main center of what is now Quintana Roo, and it acted as the de facto capital for the Maya during the Caste War of Yucatán.
Ornithogalum gabrielianiae
Ornithogalum gabrielianiae, commonly known as the Gabrielyan's starflowers, is a flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae. It is endemic to Armenia.

It is classified as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Asparagaceae
Asparagaceae (/əsˌpærəˈɡeɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/), known as the asparagus family, is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. The family name is based on the edible garden asparagus, Asparagus officinalis.  This family includes both common garden plants as well as common houseplants.  The garden plants include asparagus, yucca, bluebell, lily of the valley, and hosta, and the houseplants include snake plant, corn cane, spider plant, and plumosus fern.

The Asparagaceae is a morphologically heterogenous family with the included species varying widely in their appearance and growth form. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, with genera and species contained in the family native to all continents except Antarctica.
Leader of the Opposition (New Brunswick)
The Leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of New Brunswick, Canada is a title traditionally held by the leader of the largest party not in government.

The leader of the Opposition is often seen as the alternative Premier to the present incumbent, and heads a rival alternative government known as the Shadow Cabinet or Opposition Front Bench.

Frontbencher
In many parliaments and other similar assemblies, seating is typically arranged in banks or rows, with members of parliament from each political party or caucus grouped together. The spokespeople for each group will often sit at the front of their group, and are then known as being on the frontbench (or front bench) and are described as frontbenchers.  Those sitting behind them are known as backbenchers. Independent and minority parties sit to the side or on benches between the two sides, and are referred to as crossbenchers. Frontbenchers may be part of a Frontbench Team with other members of their political party.
Memorial by Windsor
Windsor Memorial is a 25-story apartment building containing 274 units, with a smaller structure containing 60 lofts located on 3.3 acres (1.3 ha) and located along Memorial Drive in Houston, Texas and managed by Windsor Communities.

Loft
A loft is a building's upper storey or elevated area in a room directly under the roof (American usage), or just an attic: a storage space under the roof usually accessed by a ladder (primarily British usage). A loft apartment refers to large adaptable open space, often converted for residential use (a converted loft) from some other use, often light industrial.
Live, Love and Believe
Live, Love and Believe is a 1911 American silent short drama film produced by the Essanay Studios and released through the General Film Company. The film starred Francis X. Bushman and Dorothy Phillips. It was released in split-reel form with Saved from the Torrents.

General Film Company
The General Film Company was a motion picture distribution company in the United States. Between 1909 and 1920, the company distributed almost 12,000 silent era motion pictures. It was created as part of the Edison Trust to monopolize film distribution.
RJ Jazul
Rafael Joey Q. Jazul Jr. (born April 11, 1986) is a Filipino professional basketball player for the Phoenix Fuel Masters of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). He was drafted 11th overall in the 2010 PBA draft by the Aces. He was then immediately sent to the Elasto Painters in exchange for Rain or Shine's 2nd round pick in the 2011 PBA Draft. He is also a member of the Letran Knights team who won the NCAA title in 2005

He was awarded the Mr. Quality Minutes award for the 2020 PBA season.

PBA Mr. Quality Minutes award
The Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) Mr. Quality Minutes is an annual Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) award given since the 1993 PBA season to the league's best performing player for his team coming off the bench as a substitute (or sixth man).  Unlike the traditional player awards, which is given by the league, this citation is awarded by the PBA Press Corps.

Since its inception, the award has been given to 25 individuals.
Blue Murder (1959 film)
Blue Murder is an Australian live television play which aired in 1959 on ABC. Broadcast live in Sydney on 2 December 1959, a kinescope ("telerecording") was made of the broadcast so it could be shown in Melbourne (it is not known if it was also shown on ABC's then-new stations in Adelaide and Brisbane).

It is not known if the kinescope recording still exists. Filmink magazine wrote "it sounds as if it would be great, campy fun." It was one of several thrillers filmed in early Australian television.

FilmInk
FilmInk is an Australian film magazine published by FKP International Exports. It was founded by current publisher Dov Kornits and Colin Fraser in July 1997, in Sydney. The magazine has been through many changes over the course of its existence, beginning as a black-and-white free press publication with Hoyts, and evolving into a glossy newsstand title. In February 2011, FilmInk became the first film magazine in the world to release an application for online tablet reading, with the magazine sold through the iTunes Store, and going through another major change. In 2016, the magazine released its final print version of the magazine as it transitioned into an online-only format. FilmInk is a consumer-based publication that covers all types of films, from arthouse releases to the biggest blockbusters. It focuses primarily on Australian films and covers every local release in detail.
Bessey (surname)
Bessey is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles A. Bessey (1848–1909), American soldier and Medal of Honor recipient

Charles Edwin Bessey (1845–1915), American botanist

Chris Bessey (born 1971), British boxer

Ernst Bessey (1877–1957), American botanist, son of Charles Edwin Bessey

Joanna Bessey (born 1976), Asian film and television actress

Joe Bessey (born 1961), NASCAR owner and driver

Sarah Bessey (born 1979), Canadian author

Charles A. Bessey
Charles A. Bessey (1848–1909) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions in the Indian Wars of the western United States.
Moyenne Island
Moyenne Island is a 9.9-hectare (24-acre) island in the Sainte Anne Marine National Park off the northeast coast of Mahé, Seychelles in the Indian Ocean. Since the 1970s it has been a flora and fauna reserve. From 1915 until the 1960s, the island was abandoned until its purchase by Brendon Grimshaw, a newspaper editor from Dewsbury in Yorkshire, England, for £8,000.

Grimshaw and his partner Rene Lafortune were the only inhabitants of the island until Grimshaw's death in July 2012. The island is now a national park and can be visited as part of organized trips.

Mahé
Mahé is the largest island of Seychelles, with an area of 157.3 square kilometres (60.7 sq mi), lying in the northeast of the Seychellois nation in the Somali Sea part of the Indian Ocean. The population of Mahé was 77,000, as of the 2010 census. It contains the capital city of Victoria and accommodates 86% of the country's total population.  The island was named after Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais, a French governor of Isle de France (modern-day Mauritius).
Simon Eastaugh
Simon Eastaugh (born 12 June 1973) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Essendon Football Club and the Fremantle Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He also played for Norwood in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) and both South Fremantle and East Fremantle in the West Australian Football League (WAFL). He mainly played as a ruckman and has coached the Perth Football Club in the WAFL. Eastaugh has also been an assistant coach at the West Coast Eagles and is now with the Fremantle Football Club.

Norwood Football Club
The Norwood Football Club, nicknamed the Redlegs, is an Australian rules football club competing in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL). Its home ground is Coopers Stadium (Norwood Oval), which is often referred to as "The Parade". It is one of the two traditional powerhouse clubs of the SANFL, the other being Port Adelaide, who together have won half of all SANFL premierships (see Port Adelaide–Norwood SANFL rivalry). The club has won 31 SANFL premierships and 1 SANFLW premiership.
Etimesgut Air Base
Etimesgut Air Base (IATA: ANK, ICAO: LTAD) (Turkish: Etimesgut Hava Üssü) is an airbase of the Turkish Air Force located 15 km (9.3 mi) west of Ankara, Turkey. It is owned by Turkish Air Force and jointly operated by the air force and the Turkish Aeronautical Association (Turkish: Türk Hava Kurumu) (THK). International Defense Industry, Aerospace and Maritime Fair (IDEF) and civil aviation airshows are being held at this airport.

The airport has two runway in east–west direction. The northern part of the airport, limited by the urban section of Ankara-Istanbul highway  E90 / D.200 at north, is assigned to the military with the longer runway 11L/29R. The southern area and the shorter runway 11R/29L are being used by the THK. The Ankara Aviation Museum, open to public, is located at the northeastern corner of the airport.

European route E90
European route E 90 is an A-Class West–East European route, extending from Lisbon in Portugal in the west to the Turkish–Iraqi border in the east. It is connected to the M5 of the Arab Mashreq International Road Network.
Julius Salik
Julius Salik also known as J. Salik, is a Pakistani Christian and activist for minority rights based in Islamabad. In 1996, he founded the World Minorities Alliance to advocate for the social status of minorities, initially religious minorities in Pakistan – including Buddhism, Christians, Hindus, and Sikhs. That same year, he was nominated by Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto for the Nobel Peace Prize.

Christianity in Pakistan
Christianity is the third-largest religion in Pakistan, with the 2023 Census recording over three million Christians, or 1.37% of the total population in Pakistan. About 90 to 95% of Pakistani Christians are Dalits from the Chuhra caste who converted from Hinduism. The province of Punjab has the largest population of Christians in the country. The majority of Pakistan's Christians are members of the Catholic Church or the Church of Pakistan, with the remainder belonging to other Protestant groups.

Around 75 percent of Pakistan's Christians are rural Punjabi Christians, while some speak Sindhi and Gujarati, with the remainder being the upper and middle class Goan Christians and Anglo-Indians.
RIM-900
The RIM-900 was one of the first wireless data devices, marketed as a two-way pager. It operated on the Mobitex network. It was a clam shell device that could fit on a belt.  It had a small QWERTY keyboard for sending and receiving email and interactive messages.

The product was introduced as Inter@ctive Paging in 1996 by Research in Motion and RAM Mobile Data.

QWERTY
QWERTY (/ˈkwɜːrti/ KWUR-tee) is a keyboard layout for Latin-script alphabets; the name comes from the order of the first six keys on the top letter row of the keyboard: QWERTY. The design evolved for the quick typing of English on typewriters.

The QWERTY design is based on a layout included on the Sholes and Glidden typewriter sold by E. Remington and Sons from 1874. The layout became popular with the success of the Remington No. 2 of 1878 and remains in widespread use as a de facto standard on computers, as of 2026. Two prominent alternatives, Dvorak and Colemak, have been developed.  In Europe, two types of modified layouts, QWERTZ and AZERTY, are used predominantly for German and French, respectively.
K. C. Kesava Pillai
Kanakku Chembakaraman Kesava Pillai (1868–1914) was an Indian composer of Carnatic music and a poet of Malayalam literature. He was the Poet Laureate of Travancore and was known for Kesaveeyam, a mahakavya in Malayalam, two attakathas and several bhajans and kirtans. He also translated the Sanskrit text, Narayaniyam, into Malayalam under the title, Bhashanarayaniyam.

Narayaniyam
The Narayaniyam (Sanskrit: नारायणीयम्, romanized: Nārāyaṇīyam) is a medieval-era Sanskrit text, comprising a summary study in poetic form of the Bhagavata Purana. It was composed by Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri, a celebrated Sanskrit poet of Kerala. Even though the Narayaniyam is believed to be composed as early as 1585 CE, the earliest available manuscripts came only after more than 250 years. The Bhagavata Purana is a major Hindu scripture consisting of about 18,000 verses, mainly devoted to the worship of Krishna. The work contains detailed descriptions of Guruvayurappan, a regional form of Krishna, and the temple town of Guruvayur.
Schooner Channel
Schooner Channel, formerly Schooner Passage, is a strait on the east side of Bramham Island in the Central Coast region of British Columbia, Canada.

Nearby, Allison Harbour was formerly known as False Schooner Passage.

BC Geographical Names
The BC Geographical Names (formerly BC Geographical Names Information System or BCGNIS) is a geographic name web service and database for the Canadian province of British Columbia run by the Base Mapping and Geomatic Services Branch of the Integrated Land Management Bureau. BCGNIS is the master database of British Columbia place names. The database contains approximately 50,000 current and former official names and spellings of towns, mountains, rivers, lakes, and other geographic places in British Columbia. About 50% of the names have brief notes about the history of the geographic names, and their use in history.
Touch rugby at the 2015 Pacific Games
Touch rugby at the 2015 Pacific Games was held on 3–10 July 2015 at Port Moresby in Papua New Guinea. Papua New Guinea defeated Samoa in the finals of both the men's and women's tournament by 8–7 and 6–2, respectively to claim two of the three gold medals for touch rugby. Samoa turned the tables to claim the gold medal in the mixed tournament, defeating Papua New Guinea by 9–7 in the final. The Cook Islands won all three bronze medals.

Touch rugby
Touch rugby  refers to games derived from rugby league in which players do not tackle each other  but instead touch their opponents using their hands on any part of the body, clothing, or the ball.

A formal, competitive variety, known as  Touch, developed from rugby league and now exists as a sport in its own right. In addition, touch rugby games are played as training activities for rugby league and rugby union; as safer variants of rugby, particularly in schools and junior clubs, and as an informal social sport.
Warming Up to the Ice Age
Warming Up to the Ice Age is singer-songwriter John Hiatt's seventh album, released in 1985. It was his last album with Geffen Records, who dropped Hiatt after the album failed to chart. It was the last Hiatt studio album to miss the Billboard 200. "The Usual" would later be covered by Bob Dylan and by George Thorogood & The Destroyers. "Living a Little, Laughing a Little", originally a hit for The Spinners, was a duet with Elvis Costello.

The album failed to build on the critical momentum of its predecessor, Riding with the King, and Hiatt found himself without a label as Geffen dropped him from their roster.

The Spinners (American group)
The Spinners are an American rhythm and blues vocal group that formed in Detroit, Michigan, in 1954. They enjoyed a string of hit singles and albums during the 1960s and 1970s, particularly with producer Thom Bell.  The group continues to tour, without any original members, after Henry Fambrough retired in 2023.

The group is also listed as the Detroit Spinners and the Motown Spinners, due to their 1960s recordings with the Motown label. These other names were used in the UK to avoid confusion with a British folk group also called The Spinners. On June 30, 1976, they received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. The Spinners were inducted into the National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame in 2015 and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2023.
Leo Castelli
Leo Castelli (né Krausz; September 4, 1907 – August 21, 1999) was an Italian-American art dealer who originated the contemporary art gallery system. His gallery showcased  contemporary art for five decades. Among the movements which Castelli showed were Surrealism, abstract expressionism, Neo-Dada, pop art, op art, color field painting, hard-edge painting, lyrical abstraction, minimalism, conceptual art, and neo-expressionism.

Lyrical abstraction
Lyrical abstraction arose from either of two related but distinct trends in Post-war Modernist painting:

European Abstraction Lyrique: a movement that emerged in Paris, with the French art critic Jean José Marchand being credited with coining its name in 1947; considered a component of Tachisme when the name of this movement was coined in 1951 by Pierre Guéguen and Charles Estienne (author of L'Art à Paris 1945–1966); and

American Lyrical Abstraction: a movement described by Larry Aldrich (founder of the Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum in Ridgefield, Connecticut) in 1969.

A second definition is the usage as a descriptive term. It is a descriptive term characterizing a type of abstract painting related to Abstract Expressionism; in use since the 1940s. Many well known abstract expressionist painters such as Arshile Gorky seen in context have been characterized as doing a type of painting described as lyrical abstraction.
1992 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament – Doubles
Patrick Galbraith and Anders Järryd were the defending champions, but Galbraith chose not to participate, and only Jarryd competed that year.
Jarryd partnered with John Fitzgerald, but lost in the first round to Marc-Kevin Goellner and David Prinosil.

Marc-Kevin Goellner and David Prinosil won in the final 6–2, 6–7, 7–6, against Paul Haarhuis and Mark Koevermans.

Paul Haarhuis
Paul Vincent Nicholas Haarhuis (Dutch pronunciation: [pʌul ˈhaːrhœys]; born 19 February 1966) is a Dutch tennis coach and a former professional player. He is a former world No. 1 doubles player, having reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 18 in November 1995. He has won 54 doubles titles, including six Grand Slam titles, five with Jacco Eltingh, and one with Yevgeny Kafelnikov.