hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Harold Marion Crothers
Harold Marion Crothers (December 9, 1887, in Hetland, South Dakota)) was an American professor of electrical engineering at South Dakota State University where he also served as president for three periods (1946, 1951, 1957–58).
He was dean of Engineering 1925-55 and gave name to the Crothers Engineering Hall (1957). Earlier, he was instrumental in the establishment of the university's first radio station (1931).

Crothers received a B.S. in mathematics (1910) and did a study on Potential Distribution on High Tension Insulators with advisor Jesse L. Brenneman (1913).
This led to a Ph.D. at University of Wisconsin, Madison on a thesis entitled The Selective Properties of Coupled Radio Circuits advised by with Edward Bennett (physicist) (1920).  He joined the faculty there and wrote a book on Introductory Electrodynamics, jointly with Bennett (1926).

South Dakota State University
South Dakota State University (SDSU or SD State) is a public land-grant research university in Brookings, South Dakota, United States. Founded in 1881, it is the state's largest university and is the second oldest continually operating university in the state. The university is governed by the South Dakota Board of Regents.

South Dakota State University is a land-grant university founded under the provisions of the 1862 Morrill Act. This land-grant heritage and mission has led the university to place a special focus on academic programs in agriculture, engineering, nursing, and pharmacy, as well as liberal arts. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". The graduate program is classified as Doctoral, Science, Technology, Engineering, Math dominant.
Sex, Drugs, & Hip-Hop
Sex, Drugs, & Hip-Hop is a mixtape by rapper Tony Yayo. The mixtape features exclusive tracks from Tony Yayo with appearances by Bun B, Ron Browz, Slim Thug, Coolio, Lloyd Banks, Danny Brown and others. It was released for digital download on July 30, 2012, on DatPiff.

Coolio
Artis Leon Ivey Jr. (August 1, 1963 – September 28, 2022), known by his stage name Coolio, was an American rapper. He was best known for his single "Gangsta's Paradise" (1995), which won a Grammy Award, and was credited for changing the course of hip-hop by bringing it to a wider audience. Other singles included "Fantastic Voyage" (1994), "1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)" (1996), and "C U When U Get There" (1997). He released nine albums, the first three of which achieved mainstream success: It Takes a Thief (1994), Gangsta's Paradise (1995), and My Soul (1997). Coolio first achieved recognition as a member of the gangsta rap group WC and the Maad Circle. Coolio sold 4.8 million albums in the U.S.

He also created the six-episode reality television show Coolio's Rules (2008), the web series Cookin' with Coolio, and published a cookbook.
Nastar
Nastar can refer to one of the following:

NASTAR (NAtional STAndard Race), the world's largest known recreational ski and snowboard race program.

Contraction of nanas tart, the Indonesian term for a pineapple tart.

The Arcade videogame Rastan Saga II, also known as Nastar in Europe and Nastar Warrior in North America.

Rastan Saga II
Rastan Saga II, known in Europe as Nastar and in North America as Nastar Warrior (except for the North American Sega Genesis version, which was released as Rastan Saga II), is a 1988 hack and slash platform game developed and published by Taito for arcades. The sequel to Rastan (released as Rastan Saga in Japan), it tells the story of how Rastan got his name (meaning his real name is unknown) and saved a vast region called Rastania from evil monsters known as the Wicked Group. Rastania, the kingdom which Rastan saves in this game, subsequently becomes his kingdom to rule.

On June 20, 2024, the arcade version of the game was digitally re-released for the Nintendo Switch and PlayStation 4 as part of the Arcade Archives series.
Proxy server
In computer networking, a proxy server is a server application that acts as an intermediary between a client requesting a resource and the server then providing that resource.

Instead of connecting directly to a server that can fulfill a request for a resource, such as a file or web page, the client directs the request to the proxy server, which evaluates the request and performs the required network transactions. This serves as a method to simplify or control the complexity of the request, or provide additional benefits such as load balancing, privacy, or security. Proxies were devised to add structure and encapsulation to distributed systems. A proxy server thus functions on behalf of the client when requesting service, potentially masking the true origin of the request to the resource server.

Intermediary
An intermediary, also known as a middleman or go-between, is defined in various ways, according to context. In law or diplomacy, an intermediary is a third party who offers intermediation services between two parties. In trade or barter, an intermediary acts as a conduit for goods or services offered by a supplier to a consumer, which may include wholesalers, resellers, brokers, and various other services. "Intermediation" refers to a process matching two sides of a market, such as buyers and sellers by a third party such as a broker, agent, or wholesaler. One common example of intermediation is in the finance industry, where it involves the matching of lenders with borrowers by a bank.
K Sera Sera Limited
KSS Limited  (formerly known as K Sera Sera Limited) is a media company based in Mumbai, India. KSS is a publicly listed company on the BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange), NSE (National Stock Exchange of India Ltd.), and was formerly listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange. KSS Limited operates within the entertainment industry, specifically in digital cinema deployment, Miniplex cinema screen development, and alternative content programming. The company has distributed over 100 films and produced 28.

Luxembourg Stock Exchange
The Luxembourg Stock Exchange (LuxSE; French: Bourse de Luxembourg) is based in Luxembourg City at 35A boulevard Joseph II.

The chairman of the board is Alain Kinsch  and the chief executive officer is Julie Becker.
Bharanakoodam
Bharanakoodam (transl. Government) is a 1994 Indian Malayalam-language political action film directed by Sunil from a story by Sab John and produced by V. Varghese. The film stars Babu Antony and Geetha in the lead roles.

Political cinema
Political cinema, in the narrow sense, refers to cinema products that portray events or social conditions, either current or historical, through a partisan perspective, with the intent of informing or agitating the spectator.

Political cinema exists in different forms, such as documentaries, short films, feature films, experimental films, and even animated cartoons.
San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission
The San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission (BCDC) is a California state commission dedicated to the protection, enhancement and responsible use of the San Francisco Bay. It holds jurisdiction over almost the entirety of the Bay, including the reaches into the Sacramento River, Coyote Creek and the Petaluma River Additionally, the commission oversees the San Francisco Bay Salt Ponds and the Suisun Marsh that connects to the ports of Stockton. BCDC has the authority to administer legal enforcement action and escalate violations of McAteer-Petris Act to the California Attorney General's Office.

Port of Stockton
The Port of Stockton is a major deepwater port on the Stockton Ship Channel of the Pacific Ocean and an inland port located more than seventy nautical miles from the ocean, in Stockton, California on the Stockton Channel and San Joaquin River-Stockton Deepwater Shipping Channel (before it joins the Sacramento River to empty into Suisun Bay). By land acreage, the Port of Stockton is the 2nd largest port in the State of California and sits on about 4,200 acres (17 km2), and occupies an island in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta, and a portion of a neighborhood known as Boggs Tract. The day-to-day is run by the Port Director (CEO) and it is governed by a commission appointed by the City of Stockton and San Joaquin County. The Port of Stockton is a self-sustaining economic powerhouse in the Central Valley and in 2024, contributed over $78 million in state and local tax funds.
Google Sheets
Google Sheets is a spreadsheet program included as part of the free, web-based Google Docs Editors suite offered by Google. Google Sheets is available as a web application, as mobile apps for Android and iOS, and as a desktop application on ChromeOS. The service is compatible with Microsoft Excel file formats.

Like other Google Docs Editors, Sheets allows users to create and edit files online while collaborating with other users in real time. Edits are tracked through revision history, which records which user made each change. Active collaborators are indicated with editor-specific colors and cursors, and a permissions system controls what different users can do. Updates have introduced features that use machine learning, including "Explore", which answers natural language questions about data in a spreadsheet. Sheets is one of the Google Workspace services provided by Google alongside Google Docs, Google Slides, Google Drawings, Google Forms, Google Sites and Google Keep.

Microsoft Edge
Microsoft Edge is a proprietary cross-platform web browser created by Microsoft and based on the Chromium open-source project, superseding Edge Legacy. In Windows 11, Edge is the only browser available from Microsoft. However, a bypass is available to open Internet Explorer.

First made available only for Android and iOS in 2017, in late 2018, Microsoft announced it would completely rebuild Edge as a Chromium-based browser with Blink and V8 engines, which allowed the browser to be ported from Windows 10 to macOS and Linux. The new Edge was publicly released in January 2020, and on Xbox as well as Linux in 2021. Edge was also available on Windows 7 and 8/8.1 until early 2023.

By 2022, Edge was used by 11% of PCs worldwide. In February 2023, according to StatCounter, Microsoft Edge became the third most popular browser in the world, behind Safari and Chrome, while as of January 2025, Edge is second most popular PC/desktop web browser with Safari sliding to 3rd place.
Popovjani
Popovjani (Macedonian: Поповјани, Albanian: Popojan) is a village in the municipality of Kičevo, North Macedonia. It was previously in Oslomej Municipality until that municipality was merged into Kičevo Municipality.

Kičevo Municipality
Kičevo Municipality (Macedonian: Кичево; Albanian: Kërçovë) is a municipality in the western part of North Macedonia. The municipal seat is the city of Kičevo. Kičevo Municipality is located in the Southwestern Statistical Region.
Nils Christian Irgens
Nils Christian Irgens (10 October 1811 – 25 April 1878) was a Norwegian military officer and politician.

He was born in Sogndal as the son of Lars Johannes Irgens, founding father of the Norwegian Constitution. Nils Christian Irgens became a military officer in 1830, and advanced in the ranks, becoming colonel in 1861. In 1863 he became major general. He held this post until 1868. He chaired Centralforeningen for Udbredelse af Legemsøvelser og Vaabenbrug from 1864 to 1867.

On 3 April 1868 Irgens was appointed Minister of Defence. He held this post until 1 February 1872, when he was appointed a member of the Council of State Division in Stockholm. On 27 May 1872 he left due to the statsrådssak.

Irgens was a member of the Swedish Academy from 1865, and was a member of the board of Hovedbanen.

Minister of Defence (Norway)
The Norwegian Minister of Defence is the head of the Norwegian Ministry of Defence. The position has existed since 1814. The incumbent minister since 4 February 2025 is Tore O. Sandvik of the Labour Party.

Between 1819 and 1885 the Ministry was split into two different ministries, the Ministry of the Navy and the Army Ministry.
APHA color
APHA color, also referred to as the Hazen scale, and more appropriately as the Platinum Cobalt(Pt/Co) scale, is a color standard named for the American Public Health Association and defined by ASTM D1209. It was originally intended to describe the color of waste water, but its usage has expanded to include other industrial applications. APHA color is a color scale sometimes referred to as a "yellowness index" that is used to assess the quality of liquids that are clear to yellowish in color.

It is similar to the Hazen color test, to which it is sometimes incorrectly referred. The Hazen color test uses a Pt/Co solution and was developed for water treatment facilities where the Color of water could be used as a measure of concentration of dissolved and particulate material. Slight discoloration is measured in Hazen units (HU). Impurities can be deeply colored as well, for instance dissolved organic compounds called tannins can result in dark brown colors.

Wastewater
Wastewater (or waste water) is water generated after the use of drinking water, fresh water, raw water, or saline water in a variety of deliberate applications or processes.: 1  Another definition of wastewater is "Used water from any combination of domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities, surface runoff / storm water, and any sewer infiltration or sewer inflow".: 175  In everyday usage, wastewater is commonly a synonym for sewage (also called domestic wastewater or municipal wastewater), which is wastewater that is produced by a community of people.
Nyan Win
Nyan Win (Burmese: ဉာဏ်ဝင်း, pronounced [ɲàɰ̃ wɪ́ɰ̃]; born 22 January 1953) is a former Chief Minister of Bago Region, having served from 2011 to 2016. He won a Regional Hluttaw seat in an uncontested election in 2010, representing Zigon Township, and was appointed Chief Minister of the region on 30 March 2011. Prior to his election, he was the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Myanmar, having been appointed on 18 September 2004. He was a Major General in the Burmese Army. He was Deputy Chief of Military Training for the Myanmar Armed Forces before he became a member of the SPDC. He also served as Commandant of CGSC (Command and General Staff College). He graduated from the 18th intake of Defence Services Academy (DSA). He is married to Myint Myint Soe.

Bago Region
Bago Region (Burmese: ပဲခူးတိုင်းဒေသကြီး, pronounced [bəɡó táɪɰ̃ dèθa̰ dʑí]; formerly Pegu Division and Bago Division) is an administrative region of Myanmar, located in the southern central part of the country. It is bordered by Magway Region and Mandalay Region to the north; Kayin State, Mon State and the Gulf of Martaban to the east; Yangon Region to the south and Ayeyarwady Region and Rakhine State to the west. It is located between 46°45'N and 19°20'N and 94°35'E and 97°10'E. It has a population of 4,867,373 (2014).
Erwin Conradi
Erwin Conradi (* February 12, 1935, Frankfurt am Main) was as head of Metro AG one of the most important managers in trade business.

He studied industrial engineering, then worked from 1959 at IBM and from 1963 at Metro.

From 1996 until 2000 he was chairman of the board, after Kaufhaus, Asco and Cash & Carry had merged into Metro AG. 2004 he left   Metro AG. In 1999 he received an honorary doctor from TU Braunschweig.

Metro AG
Metro AG (German pronunciation: [ˈmeːtʁo] ⓘ) is a German multinational company based in Düsseldorf which operates business membership-only cash and carry stores primarily under the Metro brand.  As of September 2025, Metro is operating 622 wholesale stores in 21 countries.

The company was established in 1964 by Ernst Schmidt and Wilhelm Schmidt-Ruthenbeck. In 2010, it was the fourth-largest retailer in the world measured by revenues, after Walmart, Carrefour and Tesco. Until 2020, it was also active in the general retail business through the Real division, which was sold to an investor consortium. Its current incarnation was launched in 2017 as a spun-off of old Metro AG, which continued to be a consumer electronics retailer and renamed itself Ceconomy.
Equestrian at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Team eventing
The team eventing in equestrian at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro was held at National Equestrian Center from 6 to 9 August.

The French team of Karim Laghouag, Thibaut Vallette, Mathieu Lemoine and Astier Nicolas won the gold medal. Germany won the silver medal and Australia took bronze.

National Equestrian Center
The National Equestrian Center, known as the Olympic Equestrian Centre during the 2016 Summer Olympics, is an equestrian venue located at the Deodoro Olympic Park in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The venue hosted the equestrian events for the 2016 Summer Olympics, and the equestrian events for the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
St Augustine's Cross
51°19′42″N 1°21′29″E﻿ / ﻿51.3283°N 1.3580°E﻿ / 51.3283; 1.3580

St Augustine's Cross is a stone memorial in Kent, in a fenced enclosure on the south side of Cottington Road, west of Cliffs End, at Pegwell Bay, Thanet, about 2 miles (3.2 km) west of Ramsgate, 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Richborough Roman Fort, and 12 miles (19 km) east of Canterbury, in the parish of Minster.  The cross was erected in 1884 to commemorate the arrival of St Augustine in England in AD 597. It is believed to mark the place where St. Augustine met King Ethelbert for the first time.

Ramsgate
Ramsgate is a seaside port town and civil parish in the district of Thanet in eastern Kent, England. It was one of the great English seaside towns of the 19th century. In 2021 it had a population of 42,027. Ramsgate's main attraction is its coastline, and its main industries are tourism and fishing. The town has one of the largest marinas on the English south coast, and the Port of Ramsgate  provided cross-channel ferries for many years.
Acanthogeophilus spiniger
Acanthogeophilus spiniger is a species of soil centipede in the family Geophilidae found in Northwest Africa. The original description of this species is based on a male specimen measuring 27 mm in length with 71 pairs of legs. It was first assigned to the genus Geophilus, but was moved to Acanthogeophilus in 1999 by Foddai and Minelli. Like other species in its genus, it is characterized by incomplete chitin lines, complete coxopleural sutures, stout legs, and a claw-like pretarsus.

Chitin
Chitin (C8H13O5N)n (/ˈkaɪtɪn/ KY-tin) is a long-chain polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, an amide derivative of glucose. Chitin is the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature (behind only cellulose); an estimated 1 billion tons of chitin are produced each year in the biosphere. It is a primary component of cell walls in fungi (especially filamentous and mushroom-forming fungi), the exoskeletons of arthropods such as crustaceans and insects, the radulae, cephalopod beaks and gladii of molluscs and in some nematodes and diatoms.
It is also synthesised by at least some fish and lissamphibians. Commercially, chitin is extracted from the shells of crabs, shrimps, shellfish and lobsters, which are major by-products of the seafood industry. The structure of chitin is comparable to cellulose, forming crystalline nanofibrils or whiskers. It is functionally comparable to the protein keratin. Chitin has proved useful for several medicinal, industrial and biotechnological purposes.
Fredrik Lindahl (handballer)
Fredrik Lindahl (born 16 September 1983) is a Swedish former handball player for HK Malmö and the Swedish national men's handball team.

He won the Danish Championship in 2008, with FCK Håndbold. He has previously played for Redbergslids IK in the best league of his homeland. He retired in 2023 after 12 seasons at HK Malmö and more than 1000 appearances in the Swedish league.

HK Malmö
HK Malmö is a handball club based in Malmö, Sweden. The club was formed in May 2007 as a merger of Malmö HP and IFK Malmö Handboll. The men's plays in the highest handball division in Sweden, while the women's team play in the second tier.

The club has activities at both elite and grass roots level, both adult and youth level, and men's and women's teams. It also has a Para handball and 30 youth teams. The club runs the handball academy Malmö idrottsgymnasium.
Snowball fight
A snowball fight is a physical game in which balls of snow are thrown with the intention of hitting somebody else. The game is similar to dodgeball in its major factors, though typically less organized. This activity is primarily played during winter when there is sufficient snowfall.

Dodgeball
Dodgeball is a team sport in which players on two opposing teams try to throw balls and hit opponents while avoiding being hit themselves. The objective of each team is to eliminate all members of the opposing team by hitting them with thrown balls, catching a ball thrown by an opponent, or inducing an opponent to commit a violation, such as stepping outside the court.

The sport is mostly played in schools under varying rules, and also formally as an international sport, under rules that vary among international governing bodies, such as the World Dodgeball Federation (WDBF), which runs the Dodgeball World Championship and the World Dodgeball Association (WDA). USA Dodgeball is the governing entity for dodgeball in the United States, with member leagues and clubs across the nation.
Ording
Ording is a West Germanic surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aake Anker Ording, Norwegian politician and former CEO of Dynamit Nobel

Arne Ording, Norwegian historian

Bjart Ording, Norwegian horse rider

Fredrik Ording, Norwegian educator

Hans Ording, Norwegian theologian

Johannes Ording, Norwegian theologian

Jørn Ording, Norwegian actor

Peter Ording, German rower

Johannes Ording
Johannes Ording (19 January 1869 – 25 January 1929) was a Norwegian theologian. He served as a professor of systematic theology at the Royal Frederick University from 1906 to 1926, and his appointment caused a stir because some saw him as too liberal.
Ali Murad Sanjrani
Ali Murad Sanjrani (Sindhi: علي مراد سنجراڻي) K.S, Haji, was a Zamindar (landowner) and factory owner. Ali Murad was born in 1895 in his native village of Barhun. Fluent in Sindhi and Seraiki, he belonged to the prominent Sanjrani tribe, originally from Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab. The tribe migrated during the Kalhora dynasty of Sindh and settled in their current village. He was awarded title of Khan Sahib in the 1930s. He was also Chairman of Farmer Organization.

Dera Ghazi Khan
Dera Ghazi Khan, abbreviated as D. G. Khan, is a city in the southwestern part of Punjab, Pakistan. It is the 16th most-populous city in Punjab and the 23rd in Pakistan, as of 2023. Lying west of the Indus River in the region of Derajat, it serves as the headquarters of its eponymous district and division.
Maren Knebel
Maren Knebel (born 1985) is a German sprint canoer who has competed since the mid-2000s. She won three medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with two golds (K-4 200 m and K-4 500 m: both 2007) and a bronze (K-4 1000 m: 2005).

2007 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 2007 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Duisburg, Germany on 9–12 August 2007 for the record-tying fourth time. The German city had hosted the championships previously in 1979, 1987, and 1995. It tied Duisburg with Belgrade, Serbia (then Yugoslavia) who hosted in 1971, 1975, 1978, and 1982.

Men race as individuals, pairs and quads over 200 m, 500 m and 1000 m in both Canoe (Canadian) (C) and Kayak (K) events, giving a total of 18 gold medals. Women compete for only 9 gold medals as they race in kayak events only.

This was the 36th championships in canoe sprint.