hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Renormalon
In physics,  a renormalon (a term suggested by 't Hooft) is a particular source of divergence seen in perturbative approximations to quantum field theories (QFT). When a formally divergent series in a QFT is summed using Borel summation, the associated Borel transform of the series can have singularities as a function of the complex transform parameter. The renormalon is a possible type of singularity arising in this complex Borel plane, and is a counterpart of an instanton singularity. Associated with such singularities, renormalon contributions are discussed in the context of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and usually have the power-like form  as functions of the momentum  (here  is the momentum cut-off). They are cited against the usual logarithmic effects like .

Gerard 't Hooft
Gerardus "Gerard" 't Hooft (Dutch: [ˈɣeːrɑrt ət ˈɦoːft]; born July 5, 1946) is a Dutch theoretical physicist and professor emeritus at Utrecht University, the Netherlands. He shared the 1999 Nobel Prize in Physics with his thesis advisor Martinus J. G. Veltman "for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions."

His work concentrates on gauge theory, black holes, quantum gravity and fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics. His contributions to physics include: a proof that gauge theories are renormalizable; dimensional regularization; and the holographic principle.
Near Changes
Near Changes is a 1990 collection of poems by Mona Van Duyn (1921–2004). It was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1991.

The poems express appreciation for a range of subjects (such as Fibonacci, a giraffe, and zinnias), with a range of poetic forms (including villanelles, couplets, and a sestina).

Zinnia
Zinnia is a genus of plants of the tribe Heliantheae within the family Asteraceae. Members of the genus are notable for their solitary long-stemmed 12 petal flowers that come in a variety of bright colors. The name honors 18th-century German scientist Johann Gottfried Zinn.

The genus is native to scrub and dry grassland in an area stretching from the Southwestern United States to South America, with a centre of diversity in Mexico.
The Suicide Twins
The Suicide Twins was a Finnish rock band, set up by Andy McCoy and Nasty Suicide (here credited as Nasty Superstar) after the break-up of Hanoi Rocks. The band managed to record only one album, Silver Missiles and Nightingales. This was done with acoustic guitars, with the two sharing vocal duties along with the late René Berg. The band filmed a video for the single "Sweet Pretending" which features Nasty lip-synching as the song features Rene on lead vocals. The album was issued on CD by Castle Communications and is considered a classic by many. The song "The Best Is Yet to Come" was later covered by Samantha Fox. The album was actually recorded the same time as the EPs by the Cherry Bombz.

Silver Missiles and Nightingales
Silver Missiles and Nightingales is the first and only album by the collaboration between Andy McCoy and Nasty Suicide (under the moniker "The Suicide Twins"). The name of the album was originally supposed to be the title of Hanoi Rocks' (McCoy and Suicide's former band) 1984 album Two Steps From The Move, but the name was changed at the last minute.

When it was first released, Silver Missiles and Nightingales didn't fare well but the album's reception has since grown. The album is hailed as a great showcase of McCoy and Suicide's playing style and McCoy's writing talent. After the album's release, McCoy and Suicide (then known as Nasty Superstar) toured in Finland under the moniker "The Suicide Twins", until disbanding that same year (1986).

The song "The Best Is Yet to Come" was later covered by Samantha Fox.
Type class
In computer science, a type class is a type system construct that supports ad hoc polymorphism in a programming language. This is achieved by adding constraints to type variables in parametrically polymorphic types. Such a constraint typically involves a type class T and a type variable a, and means that a can only be instantiated to a type whose members support the overloaded operations associated with T.

Type classes were first implemented in the language Haskell after first being proposed by Philip Wadler and Stephen Blott as an extension to eqtypes in Standard ML, and were originally conceived as a way of implementing overloaded arithmetic and equality operators in a principled fashion.
In contrast with the "eqtypes" of Standard ML, overloading the equality operator through the use of type classes in Haskell does not need extensive modification of the compiler frontend or the underlying type system.

Operator overloading
In computer programming, operator overloading, sometimes termed operator ad hoc polymorphism, is a specific case of polymorphism, where different operators have different implementations depending on their arguments. Operator overloading is generally defined by a programming language, a programmer, or both.
Sir John Musgrove, 1st Baronet
Sir John Musgrove, 1st Baronet (21 January 1793 – 5 October 1881) was a British businessman and Lord Mayor of London.

Musgrove was the only son of John Musgrove, of Hackney, a London merchant. He was an auctioneer and house agent and had made his fortune by 1824 by taking advantage of rising property prices in London. He served as Master to The Clothworkers' Company in 1843–44, and again in 1862. He was Sheriff of London between 1843 and 1844 and Lord Mayor of London between 1850 and 1851. He was created a baronet, of Speldhurst in the County of Kent and of Russell Square in the County of Middlesex, in 1851.

Musgrove died at Rusthall House, Speldhurst, Kent, in October 1881, aged 88. The title died with him.

Hackney (parish)
Hackney was a parish in the historic county of Middlesex. The parish church of St John-at-Hackney was built in 1792, replacing the nearby former 16th-century parish church dedicated to St Augustine (pulled down in 1798).

The original tower of that church was retained to hold the bells until the new church could be strengthened; the bells were finally removed to the new St John's in 1854. See details of other, more modern, churches within the original parish boundaries below.
Proportional counter
The proportional counter is a type of gaseous ionization detector device used to measure particles of ionizing radiation. The key feature is its ability to measure the energy of incident radiation, by producing a detector output pulse that is proportional to the radiation energy absorbed by the detector due to an ionizing event; hence the detector's name. It is widely used where energy levels of incident radiation must be known, such as in the discrimination between alpha and beta particles, or accurate measurement of X-ray radiation dose.

A proportional counter uses a combination of the mechanisms of a Geiger–Müller tube and an ionization chamber, and operates in an intermediate voltage region between these. The accompanying plot shows the proportional counter operating voltage region for a co-axial cylinder arrangement.

Charged particle
In physics, a charged particle is a particle with an electric charge. For example, some elementary particles, like the electron or quarks are charged. Some composite particles like protons are charged particles.  An ion, such as a molecule or atom with a surplus or deficit of electrons relative to protons are also charged particles.

A plasma is a collection of charged particles, atomic nuclei and separated electrons, but can also be a gas containing a significant proportion of charged particles.

Charged particles are labeled as either  positive (+) or negative (-). The designations are arbitrary. Nothing is inherent to a positively charged particle that makes it "positive", and the same goes for negatively charged particles.
Emily Infeld
Emily Infeld (born March 21, 1990) is an American long-distance runner. She regularly competes in the 5000 m and 10,000 m distances during her professional career; in her college career she regularly competed in the 4 × 800 meter relay and 1500 m on up to 5000 m.

During her collegiate career at Georgetown University, she was the 3000 m 2012 NCAA Indoor Championships winner. She also had runner-up placings in NCAA competition in cross country running and outdoor track (1500 m and 5000 m).

During her professional career, Infeld has represented her country at major international championships including the 2013 IAAF World Cross Country Championships (21st overall aiding the US team to 4th), the 2015 World Championships in Athletics (3rd), the 2016 Summer Olympics (11th), and the 2017 World Championships in Athletics (6th).

2017 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 2017 USA Track and Field Outdoor Championships were held at Hornet Stadium on the campus of California State University, Sacramento in Sacramento, California. Organized by USA Track & Field, the four-day competition took place June 22–25 and served as the national championships in track and field for the United States. The event was held in conjunction with the USA Track & Field Junior Outdoor Championships.

The 50 kilometers race walk was held January 28 at Santee, California.  While no men were able to make the 4:06 qualifying standard, two women were able to achieve their 4:30 qualifying time, with Katie Burnett walking faster than the second place man.  The other qualifier was former world record holder Erin Taylor-Talcott.  2017 is the first year the women will be allowed to race that distance at the world championships.
Victor Berglind
Victor Berglind (born October 2, 1992) is a Swedish professional ice hockey defenceman who currently plays for BIK Karlskoga of the HockeyAllsvenskan.

Berglind previously played in the Elitserien for Brynäs IF.

BIK Karlskoga
BIK Karlskoga is a Swedish ice hockey club based in Karlskoga, Sweden. They are currently playing in the second highest league in Sweden, the HockeyAllsvenskan. In 1963, the club IFK Bofors was merged with Karlskoga IF and formed KB 63 (formally IF Karlskoga/Bofors). Between 1978 and 2011 the club was known as Bofors IK, which was then changed to its current name.

Karlskoga has been a stable fixture in Sweden's second tier leagues, playing in HockeyAllsvenskan and its predecessors since 1997. They're the only team to have played all seasons of Sweden's second tier since that time, as well as the only team to have played every season of its current form, HockeyAllsvenskan.
Joe Springer
Joe Springer ( May 22, 1916, New York City – October 24, 2004, Miami ) was an American jazz pianist.

Springer played locally on Coney Island from about 1931. His first major gig was with Wingy Manone in 1935; he first recorded in 1940, with Louis Prima. Soon after he worked with Buddy Rich (1942) and Gene Krupa (1942-43), then with Oscar Pettiford, Tiny Grimes, Ben Webster, Charlie Barnet, Jimmy McPartland, Charlie Shavers, Roy Eldridge, and Raymond Scott. He accompanied Billie Holiday regularly in the 1940s and also worked with Anita O'Day. He continued working in New York into the 1960s before retiring to Florida that decade.

Oscar Pettiford
Oscar Pettiford (September 30, 1922 – September 8, 1960) was an American jazz double bassist and composer. He was one of the earliest musicians to work in the bebop idiom.

Jazz bassist Christian McBride called Pettiford "probably the most important bass player of that bebop generation in terms of creating new language for the bass."
Arafura Games
The Arafura Games was a multi-sport event where athletes with a disability compete in the same program as able-bodied athletes. Competitors from around the world compete in the week-long games held every 2 years in Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.

Called a "meeting of Sporting Neighbours", the Arafura Games takes its name from the Arafura Sea, which lies between northern Australia and Southeast Asia. Nations along the Arafura Sea originally formed the basis of the Arafura Games, however in recent years countries from further afield have participated, including United States, England, Brazil and Liechtenstein.

Arafura Sea
The Arafura Sea, also known as the Arafuru Sea, lies west of the Pacific Ocean, overlying the continental shelf between Australia and Western New Guinea (also called Papua), which is the Indonesian part of the Island of New Guinea.
2021 Women's Indoor Pan American Cup
The 2021 Women's Indoor Pan American Cup was the eighth edition of the Women's Indoor Pan American Cup, the quadrennial international women's indoor hockey championship of the Americas organized by the Pan American Hockey Federation. It was held alongside the men's tournament in Spring City, Pennsylvania, United States from June 25 to 27, 2021.

The winners, United States, qualified for the 2022 Women's FIH Indoor Hockey World Cup in Liège, Belgium.

Pan American Hockey Federation
The Pan American Hockey Federation is the field and Indoor hockey federation for the Americas. It consists of 30 Members. It is associated with the International Hockey Federation and hosts several continental competitions for national teams.
Jim Chalmers
James Edward Chalmers (born 2 March 1978) is an Australian politician who has served as the treasurer of Australia since 2022. A member of the Labor Party, he has been the member of parliament (MP) for the Queensland division of Rankin since 2013.

Chalmers was born in Brisbane and attended the Australian National University, where he completed a doctorate in political science. At the 2013 Australian federal election, Chalmers won the seat of Rankin in Brisbane's south, entering the House of Representatives. He served in the shadow ministries of Bill Shorten and Anthony Albanese, before assuming the role of Treasurer after Labor's victory in the 2022 federal election.

Labor Right
The Labor Right (LR), also known as Labor Forum, Labor Unity or simply Unity, is one of the two major political factions within the Australian Labor Party (ALP). It is characterised by social democratic and Third Way economic policies, in contrast with the Labor Left faction, which leans toward democratic socialism.

Labor Right is composed of autonomous groups in each state and territory of Australia. The groups within the Labor Right come together as a broad alliance at the national level. The faction includes members with a range of political perspectives, including centrism, Third Way, partial privatisation, Keynesianism, Social democracy, and Labourism.
2010 Thai FA Cup final
The 2010 Thai FA Cup final was the 17th final of the Thailand's domestic football cup competition, the FA Cup. The final was played at Suphachalasai Stadium in Bangkok on 28 November 2010. The match was contested by Muangthong United, who beat Rajnavy Rayong 1–0 in their semi-final, and Chonburi who beat Royal Thai Army 2–0 in the match. After Therdsak Chaiman opened the scoring in 44th minute, Datsakorn Thonglao equalised in the 59th minute before the draw and Chonburi beat Muangthong United at the extra time 2–1 by Pipob On-Mo.

Royal Thai Army F.C.
Royal Thai Army Football Club (Thai: สโมสรฟุตบอลทหารบก) 
is a Thailand football club under the stewardship of Royal Thai Army based in Bangkok. The team plays their home matches at Thai Army Sports Stadium. The club is currently playing in the Thai League 3 Bangkok metropolitan region.

Prior to 2015 the club was called "Army Welfare Department F.C.". After it was promoted from winner Khǒr Royal Cup to Regional League Division 2, the club changed its name to Royal Thai Army F.C..
Orla Cotter
Orla Cotter (born 1988 in Cork) is a Camogie player and student, winner of All-Ireland Camogie medals in 2006, 2008, 2009, 2014, 2015, 2017 and 2018. and Camogie All Star awards in 2008, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017. Captained the Cork Minor team in 2006, having won an All-Ireland Under-16 medal three years earlier. She has won two Senior All- Ireland medals and made history in 2006 when she became the first player to collect Senior and Senior 'B' honours in the same year. Orla holds titles with her club from Under-14 to Senior as well as All-Ireland Junior Colleges honours and Senior and Junior National League medals. Her sister, Fiona, was on the Cork Under-16 team in 2008.

2008 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship
The 2008 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship—known as the Gala All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship for sponsorship reasons—was the high point of the 2008 season. The championship was won by Cork who defeated Galway by a five-point margin in the final. The championship was played between June 1 and September 14, 2008. The format was as follows: seven county teams entered. Each team played all of the others once, earning 2 points for a win and 1 for a draw. The top four teams qualified for the semi-finals.
Puerto Rico Highway 511
Puerto Rico Highway 511 (PR-511) is a tertiary state highway in the municipality of Ponce in Puerto Rico. With a length of 16.4 km (10.2 mi), it extends from PR-14 between barrios Coto Laurel and Real to PR-143 between Ponce and Jayuya.

Coto Laurel
Coto Laurel (Barrio Coto Laurel) is one of the 31 barrios of the municipality of Ponce, Puerto Rico. Along with Anón,  Marueño, Guaraguao, Quebrada Limon, Real, and San Patricio, and the coastal barrios of Canas and  Capitanejo, Coto Laurel is one of the municipality's nine bordering barrios. It borders the municipality of Juana Diaz. It was founded in 1831.
Flint Adolescent Study
The Flint Adolescent Study (FAS) is a longitudinal interview study of risk and promotive factors associated with alcohol, tobacco and other drug use across a lifetime.

The study is led by Marc A. Zimmerman, director of the Prevention Research Center and the Michigan Youth Violence Prevention Center at the University of Michigan School of Public Health (UMSPH). The project director is Hsing-Fang Hsieh, research investigator at the UMSPH. Data is collected by the Michigan Public Health Institute.

The Flint Adolescent Study and Flint Adolescent Study-Generation 2 are funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse.

National Institute on Drug Abuse
The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) is a United States federal government research institute whose mission is to "advance science on the causes and consequences of drug use and addiction and to apply that knowledge to improve individual and public health."

The institute has conducted an in-depth study of addiction according to its biological, behavioral and social components. It has also supported many treatments such as nicotine patches and gums, and performed research into AIDS and other drug-related diseases. Its monopoly on the supply of research-grade marijuana has proved controversial.
Hypertree network
A hypertree network is a network topology that shares some traits with the binary tree network. It is a variation of the fat tree architecture.

A hypertree of degree k depth d may be visualized as a 3-dimensional object whose front view is the top-down complete k-ary tree of depth d and the side view is the bottom-up complete binary tree of depth d.

Hypertrees were proposed in 1981 by James R. Goodman and Carlo Sequin.

Hypertrees are a choice for parallel computer architecture, used, e.g., in the connection machine CM-5.

Computer architecture
In computer science and computer engineering, a computer architecture is the structure of a computer system made from component parts. It can sometimes be a high-level description that ignores details of the implementation. At a more detailed level, the description may include the instruction set architecture design, microarchitecture design, logic design, and implementation.
Sabak, Silifke
Sabak is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Silifke, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 435 (2022). It is situated in the Taurus Mountains, about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) north of Göksu River valley. Its distance to Silifke is 25 kilometres (16 mi) and to Mersin is 105 kilometres (65 mi). The main economic activity is farming. Fruits especially figs and pomegranate are the major crops.

Taurus Mountains
The Taurus Mountains (Turkish: Toros Dağları or Toroslar; Kurdish: Çiyayên Torosê) are a mountain complex in southern Turkey, separating the Mediterranean coastal region from the central Anatolian Plateau. The system extends along a curve from Lake Eğirdir in the west to the upper reaches of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in the east. It is a part of the Alpide belt in Eurasia.
Rachel Jarry
Rachel Jarry (born 6 December 1991) is an Australian professional basketball player for the Southside Flyers of the Women's National Basketball League (WNBL).  She started playing basketball as a five-year-old and as a youngster in national competitions, she represented the state of Victoria.  In Australia's WNBL, she has played for the Dandenong Rangers, the Australian Institute of Sport and the Melbourne Boomers. She was drafted by the WNBA's Atlanta Dream in 2011 and was traded to the Lynx on the same day.  She has been a member of the Australia women's national basketball team at junior and senior level.

Australian Institute of Sport (WNBL team)
The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), known as AIS Pumas in the 1980s, competed in the Women's National Basketball League (WNBL) for 32 seasons. They were an inaugural team in the WNBL in 1981 and won a WNBL championship in the 1998–99 season.

After winning just eight games in four seasons, the team was withdrawn from the WNBL following the 2011–12 season. The withdrawal was coordinated with Basketball Australia, which sought to address the flagging depth in its female junior ranks.
Boustrophedon
Boustrophedon (/ˌbuːstrəˈfiːdən/ BOO-strə-FEE-dən) is a style of writing in which alternate lines of writing are reversed, with letters also written in reverse, mirror-style. This is in contrast to modern European languages, where lines always begin on the same side, usually the left.

The original term comes from Ancient Greek: βουστροφηδόν boustrophēdón, a composite of βοῦς boûs, "ox"; στροφή strophḗ, "turn"; and the adverbial suffix -δόν -dón, "like, in the manner of"—that is, "like the ox turns [while plowing]". It is mostly seen in ancient manuscripts and other inscriptions. It was a common way of writing on stone in ancient Greece, becoming less and less popular throughout the Hellenistic period. Many ancient scripts, such as Etruscan, Safaitic, and Sabaean, were frequently or even typically written boustrophedon.

Safaitic
Safaitic (Arabic: ٱلصَّفَائِيَّة Al-Ṣafāʾiyyah) is a variety of the South Semitic scripts that was used by the Arabs in southern Syria and northern Jordan in the Ḥarrah region, to carve rock inscriptions in various dialects of Old Arabic and Ancient North Arabian. The Safaitic script is a member of the Ancient North Arabian (ANA) sub-grouping of the South Semitic script family, the genetic unity of which has yet to be demonstrated.

The first attempt at a comprehensive Safaitic dictionary was published in 2019 by Ahmad Al-Jallad and Karolina Jaworska.
New York City Civil Court
The Civil Court of the City of New York is a civil court of the New York State Unified Court System in New York City that decides lawsuits involving claims for damages up to $50,000 and includes a small claims part (small claims court) for cases involving amounts up to $10,000 as well as a housing part (housing court) for landlord-tenant matters, and also handles other civil matters referred by the New York Supreme Court. The court has divisions by county (borough), but it is a single citywide court.

It handles about 25% of all the New York state and local courts' total filings. The court consists of 3 parts: Housing, Small Claims, and General Civil. The court's jurisdiction includes ejectment actions, replevin of personal property within monetary limits, equity jurisdiction limited to real property actions, real property actions such as partitions, foreclosures within monetary limits, and actions to rescind or reform a contract.

Replevin
Replevin (/rɪˈplɛvɪn/) or claim and delivery (sometimes called revendication) is a legal remedy which enables a person to recover personal property taken wrongfully or unlawfully, and to obtain compensation for resulting losses.