hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Teapacks
Teapacks (also known as Tipex) (Hebrew: טיפקס) is an Israeli band that formed in 1988 as HaHotzaa La'Poal (Hebrew: ההוצאה לפועל‎, The Execution) in the southern Israeli city of Sderot. Originally the band was named after the correction fluid Tipp-Ex, but in 1995 the transliteration was changed so as not to infringe on the well-known brand, while keeping the pronunciation and spelling in Hebrew the same.

Each member of the band has a diverse background, and as a whole the band has Tunisian, Moroccan, Bulgarian, Romanian, Syrian, Polish, Russian, and Yemenite heritage. Teapacks gained popularity by bringing forward traditional Israeli-oriental music combined with light humorous hints. The band leader, Kobi Oz, is well known within Israel for his eccentric looks and style. The band has released eight albums plus a greatest hits collection, which collectively have sold over 300,000 copies. Teapacks has been chosen “Band of the Year” numerous times by Israeli radio stations.

Correction fluid
A correction fluid (or correction liquid) is an opaque, usually white fluid applied to paper to mask errors in text. Once dried, it can be handwritten or hand drawn upon. It is typically packaged in small bottles, with lids attached to brushes (or triangular pieces of foam) that dip into the fluid. The brush applies the fluid to the paper.

Before the invention of word processors, correction fluid greatly facilitated the production of typewritten documents. One of the first forms of correction fluid was invented in 1956 by American secretary Bette Nesmith Graham, founder of Liquid Paper. With the advent of colored paper stocks for office use, manufacturers began producing their fluids in various matching colors, particularly reds, blues and yellows.
Robert Williams (1735–1814)
Robert Williams (23 April 1735 – 17 January 1814) was one of the oldest MPs in the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected at 71 in the 1807 general election.

Williams was member of a Dorset family who had had a business career in London, where at age 14 he was apprenticed as a cabinet maker, branching out to fitting out East India Company ship's cabins, then graduating to ship building.  He owned 14 East Indiamen ships at the time of his death. He was also senior partner in a London bank and became a director of the East India Company.

He was MP for Dorchester, which he had previously contested unsuccessfully as an independent candidate in 1806, from 1807 to 1812. He was high sheriff of Dorset in 1804.

He died in January 1814 aged 78, leaving a fortune of half-a-million pounds.

1807 United Kingdom general election
The 1807 United Kingdom general election was the third general election after the Acts of Union 1800, held from 4 May 1807 to 9 June 1807.

The third United Kingdom Parliament was dissolved on 29 April 1807. The new Parliament was summoned to meet on 22 June 1807, for a maximum seven-year term from that date. The maximum term could be and normally was curtailed, by the monarch dissolving the Parliament, before its term expired.
Clare Sestanovich
Clare Sestanovich is an American writer.

She was selected as one of the National Book Foundation's 5 Under 35 honorees by Anthony Doerr, for her 2022 short-story collection Objects of Desire. Her debut novel, Ask Me Again, was published by Alfred A. Knopf in 2024.

National Book Foundation's 5 Under 35
The National Book Foundation's 5 Under 35 prize, established in 2006, is an annual honor presented by the National Book Foundation to five authors under the age of 35 who released their debut novel in the previous five years. Honorees are nominated by authors who were previously honored with a National Book Award or 5 Under 35 nomination. Honorees receive a $1,250 prize.
08/15 (film series)
08/15 is a 1954–55 West German film trilogy directed by Paul May and based on the novel 08/15 by Hans Hellmut Kirst who also served as the film's screenwriter (published in English as "The Revolt of Gunner Asch"). The term 08/15 (nill-eight/fifteen, German: Null-Acht/Fünfzehn) refers to the German Army's standard machine gun, the 08/15 (or MG 08 model 15), by far, the most common German machine gun deployed in World War I. It was manufactured in such large quantities that it became the German Army slang for anything that was standard issue.

The film follows the story of Private Asch, a German soldier in World War II. The film title implies that Asch, and the soldiers under his command, were unostentatious (i.e. "run-of-the-mill") characters deployed on the Eastern Front.

Hans Hellmut Kirst
Hans Hellmut Kirst (5 December 1914 – 23 February 1989) was a German novelist and the author of 46 books, many of which were translated into English. Kirst is best remembered as the creator of the "Gunner Asch" series which detailed the ongoing struggle of an honest individual to maintain his identity and humanity amidst the criminality and corruption of Nazi Germany.
Shaun Byneveldt
Shaun Edward Byneveldt is a South African diplomat and politician who is the current South African ambassador to the State of Palestine. Previously, he
served as the South African Ambassador to Syria from 2010 to 2018. He was the Speaker of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament from 2004 to 2009. Byneveldt is a member of the African National Congress (ANC).

On 30 January 2026, Byneveldt was declared persona non grata and given 72 hours to leave the country by the Israeli government, in retaliation for the South African Department of International Relations and Cooperation declaring Israel’s Charge d’Affaires to South Africa, Ariel Shiedman, persona non grata. Despite Byneveldt being the ambassador to the State of Palestine, his accreditation required coordination via Israel due to the latter's ongoing occupation of the West Bank.

Department of International Relations and Cooperation
The Department of International Relations and Cooperation (DIRCO) is the foreign ministry of the South African government. It is responsible for South Africa's relationships with foreign countries and international organizations, and runs South Africa's diplomatic missions. The department is headed by the Minister of International Relations and Cooperation, currently Ronald Lamola.
Butterfly coquette
The butterfly coquette (Lophornis verreauxii) is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

Lesbiinae
Lesbiinae is one of the six subfamilies that make up the hummingbird family Trochilidae.

The subfamily is divided into two tribes: Heliantheini ("brilliants") containing 14 genera and Lesbiini ("coquettes") containing 18 genera.
Casas Adobes Plaza
Casas Adobes Plaza is an upscale shopping mall located in the southwest corner of North Oracle Road and East Ina Road in Casas Adobes, Arizona (United States), just northwest of Tucson.

The attempted assassination of Representative Gabby Giffords, and the murder of chief judge for the U.S. District Court for Arizona, John Roll on January 8, 2011 occurred just across North Oracle Road from Casas Adobes Plaza at the La Toscana Village.

John Roll
John McCarthy Roll (February 8, 1947 – January 8, 2011) was a United States district judge who served on the United States District Court for the District of Arizona from 1991 until his murder in 2011, and as chief judge of that court from 2006 to 2011. With degrees from the University of Arizona College of Law and University of Virginia School of Law, Roll began his career as a court bailiff in Arizona and became an assistant city attorney of Tucson, Arizona in 1973. Later that year, Roll became a deputy county attorney for Pima County, Arizona until 1980, when he began serving as an Assistant United States Attorney for seven years. President George H. W. Bush appointed Roll to a federal judge seat in Arizona after Roll served four years as a state judge.

Roll was killed in the 2011 Tucson shooting while attending a constituent outreach event held by U.S. Representative Gabby Giffords in Casas Adobes, near Tucson, Arizona.
Russia has only two allies: the Army and the Navy
"Russia has only two allies: the Army and the Navy" is a winged words expression, presumably attributed to Russian Emperor Alexander III. The authorship of the statement is ascribed to the ruler of the Russian Empire in the memoirs of his son-in-law, Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich, while other evidence that the emperor actually uttered these words is absent. In modern Russia, the phrase, still associated with Alexander III's name, has gained popularity in the Russian political milieu; words about Russia's two allies have been repeatedly used by Russian politicians in various variations.

Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia
Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia (Russian: Александр Михайлович, romanized: Aleksandr Mikhailovich; 13 April 1866 – 26 February 1933) was a Russian grand duke and dynast of the House of Romanov. He was also a naval officer, author, explorer, as well as the first cousin once removed, brother-in-law and advisor of Emperor Nicholas II .
Aglyptinus agathidioides
Aglyptinus agathidioides, commonly known as Potters Bar beetle, is a cryptic, poorly known beetle from the family Leiodidae. It is only known by two specimens discovered near Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, England, in 1912.

The two individuals, a male (holotype) and female (paratype), were collected in a common moorhen nest near Potters Bar on April 14, 1912 by amateur coleopterologist E. C. Bedwell. The male was presented to the Natural History Museum, the female stayed in Bedwell's collection which is now housed in the Norwich Castle Museum.

Common moorhen
The common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus), also known as the waterhen, is a bird species in the rail family (Rallidae). It is distributed across many parts of the Old World, across Africa, Europe, and Asia. It lives around well-vegetated marshes, ponds, canals and other wetlands. The species is not found in the polar regions or many tropical rainforests; generally it is one of the most common Old World rail species, together with the Eurasian coot in some regions.
Dionigi Galletto
Dionigi Galletto (26 January 1932 – 25 September 2011) was an Italian mathematician and academician.

He is known for his work on rigid body mechanics, on the mathematical theory of elasticity (including both linear elasticity and finite strain theory), on the history of mathematics and on cosmology and extragalactic celestial mechanics: in particular he is considered one of the founders of the latter branch of cosmology.

He was professor of mathematical physics at the University of Turin: as such, he is considered to be the founder–reorganiser of the Mathematical physics school of Turin in the Post–Second World War period. Among his students was Mauro Francaviglia.

Linear elasticity
Linear elasticity is a mathematical model of how solid objects deform and become internally stressed by prescribed loading conditions. It is a simplification of the more general nonlinear theory of elasticity and a branch of continuum mechanics.

The fundamental assumptions of linear elasticity are infinitesimal strains — meaning, "small" deformations — and linear relationships between the components of stress and strain — hence the "linear" in its name. Linear elasticity is valid only for stress states that do not produce yielding. Its assumptions are reasonable for many engineering materials and engineering design scenarios. Linear elasticity is therefore used extensively in structural analysis and engineering design, often with the aid of finite element analysis.
Orientation character
In algebraic topology, a branch of mathematics, an orientation character on a group  is a group homomorphism to the group of two elements

,

where typically  is the fundamental group of a manifold.  This notion is of particular significance in surgery theory.

Algebraic topology
Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces. The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify topological spaces up to homeomorphism, though usually most classify up to homotopy equivalence.

Although algebraic topology primarily uses algebra to study topological problems, using topology to solve algebraic problems is sometimes also possible. Algebraic topology, for example, allows for a convenient proof that any subgroup of a free group is again a free group.
Paolo Caronni
Paolo Caronni (12 March 1779 – 3 March 1842) was an Italian engraver. He was born in Monza and studied at the Accademia di Brera. He was a pupil of Giuseppe Longhi. He died at Milan. Among his plates are:

Vision of Ezekiel after Raphael 1825.

Alexander and Darius (1818).

Venus suckling the Infant Cupid after Parmigianino.

Venus stealing Cupid's Bow after Procaccini.

The Virgin and Child after Sassoferrato (painter).

The Triumph of David after Domenichino.

A Portrait of Raffaelo Morghen.

Brera Academy
The Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera (lit. 'Academy of fine arts of Brera'), also known as the Accademia di Brera or Brera Academy, is a state-run tertiary public academy of fine arts in Milan, Italy.  It shares its history, and its main building, with the Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan's main public museum for art. In 2010 an agreement was signed to move the accademia to a former military barracks, the Caserma Magenta in via Mascheroni. In 2018 it was announced that Caserma Magenta was no longer a viable option, with the former railway yard in Via Farini now under consideration as a potential venue for the campus extension.
Lapo De Carlo
Lapo de Carlo (born 4 December 1968) is an Italian sports journalist and presenter. He is the radio director of Radio Nerazzurra and Linterista.it. He also worked for Radio CNR, Radio Italia Network, Radio Donna and Radio Via Montenapoleone.

Since 2008, he has been a consultant in public speaking at the University of Milan Bicocca at the Faculty of Psychology.

He also works in the television programme, Qui studio a voi stadio, since 2013.

He is the son of the writer Adriano de Carlo.

University of Milano-Bicocca
The University of Milano-Bicocca (Italian: Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, UNIMIB) is a public university located in Milan, Italy, providing undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate education. Established in 1998, it was ranked by the Times Higher Education 2014 ranking of the best 100 Universities under 50 years old as number 21 worldwide and first in Italy. It was created to reduce University of Milan's overload.
Wolf Creek (Nevada County, California)
Wolf Creek is a waterway in Nevada County, California, US. The creek is 25 miles (40 km) long. The watershed, approximately 78 square miles (200 km2), is heavily mined. Most of the creek is situated in the lower montane zone. Its altitude ranges between 3,000 feet (910 m) (headwaters at Banner Mountain, also known as Banner Hill) to 1,200 feet (370 m) (confluence with the Bear River). Vegetation in the valley varies from alpine pines at higher elevations, to blue pines at mid elevations, and ponderosa pine mixed with evergreen forests at lower elevations. From 1850 to 1950 gold was mined in the rich formations of the Mother Lode in the heart of Banner Mountain.

Nevada County, California
Nevada County (/nɪˈvædə/ ⓘ niv-AD-ə; Nevada, Spanish for "Snowy") is a county located in the U.S. state of California, in the Sierra Nevada. As of the 2020 United States census, its population was 102,241. The county seat is Nevada City. Nevada County comprises the Truckee-Grass Valley micropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Sacramento-Roseville combined statistical area, part of the Mother Lode Country.
Ashley Gilbank
Ashley Gilbank (born in Pontypool, Ontario), started a charitable campaign in 2012 titled Skate4Life 2012. A hockey player herself, part of her activity with the charity involved skating from one end of Canada to another in the space of five months starting June 4 until late October.

Pontypool, Ontario
Pontypool is an unincorporated village within the southernmost part of the amalgamated city of Kawartha Lakes, Ontario.

Prior to amalgamation, Pontypool was an unincorporated village within the township of Manvers, in the county of Victoria.

It has a grocery store, convenience store, LCBO, Chinese restaurant, gas station (destroyed by fire in April 2008,  and since rebuilt), pharmacy, community centre, church and post office and a siding on the Canadian Pacific Railway. The town used to be an old Jewish vacation spot  with a big camp ground by the big pond on the outskirts of town. There is also a baseball field and a public park.

Its post office services locals with lock boxes and 3 rural routes.
2022 New South Wales Darts Masters
The 2022 PalmerBet New South Wales Darts Masters was the first staging of the tournament by the Professional Darts Corporation, and the fifth entry in the 2022 World Series of Darts. The tournament featured 16 players (eight PDC players and eight regional qualifiers) and was held at the WIN Entertainment Centre in Wollongong, Australia on 19–20 August 2022.

Just before the tournament, it was announced that the winner and runner-up of this event (and the preceding Queensland Darts Masters) will receive boomerang-style trophies in honour of Kyle Anderson, who died in 2021, with the best Oceanic player across the 3 Oceanic World Series events (Queensland, New South Wales and New Zealand) receiving the Kyle Anderson Memorial Trophy.

Jonny Clayton won his second World Series title after defeating James Wade 8–1 in the final.

Dimitri Van den Bergh
Dimitri Barbara P. Van den Bergh (born 8 July 1994) is a Belgian professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events, where he is  ranked world number twenty-six; he reached a peak ranking of world number five in 2021. Nicknamed "the Dreammaker", Van den Bergh has won two PDC major titles – the World Matchplay and the UK Open. He defeated Gary Anderson 18–10 in the 2020 World Matchplay final, and defeated Luke Humphries 11–10 in the 2024 UK Open final. He is a one-time World Championship semi-finalist, reaching the last four at the 2023 PDC World Championship. Van den Bergh has won a total of 7 PDC titles in his professional career.

In his youth career, Van den Bergh won the PDC World Youth Championship in both 2017 and 2018, and twelve PDC Development Tours, making him one of the most successful players in the history of the PDC's youth system.
MV Katarina
The Katarina is a floating restaurant, and former steam ship, that was built in 1869 at Stockholm in Sweden. Sailing under her original name of Fredriksborg on the route through the Stockholm archipelago from Stockholm to Vaxholm, she was the Waxholmsbolaget's first propeller-driven steam ship. After being sold by the Waxholmsbolaget in 1882, she operated in various roles under the names Höganäs, Mariehamn, Stella, Wirumaa, Kullervo and André before acquiring her current name in 1985. Today she is a floating restaurant moored in the Aura river in Turku, Finland.

Aurajoki
Aurajoki ([ˈɑu̯rɑˌjoki]; Swedish Aura å) is a river in south-western Finland. It originates in Oripää, and flows through Pöytyä, Aura, Lieto, and ultimately the city of Turku before discharging into the Archipelago Sea. The total length of the river is about 70 kilometres (43 mi), and it contains eleven rapids, the biggest of which is Nautelankoski at Lieto. The reserve tap water for Turku Region is drawn from Aurajoki, the city's secondary waterworks being situated by the Halinen rapids.

The waters of the Aurajoki are brown. Situated in an agricultural zone, the river is made turbid by surface runoff from nearby farms with eutrophication as the biggest threat. Its condition has been improving since the 1970s and Aurajoki is now clean enough to support salmon.

The banks of the river have been inhabited for at least 6,000 years. The area is notable for the cultural heritage in Finland. The archdiocese of Finland has been situated near the river since the thirteenth century.
Jim DeRogatis
James Peter DeRogatis (born September 2, 1964) is an American music critic and co-host of Sound Opinions.  DeRogatis has written articles for magazines such as Rolling Stone, Spin, Guitar World, Matter and Modern Drummer, and for 15 years was the pop music critic for the Chicago Sun-Times.

He joined Columbia College Chicago's English Department as a lecturer in 2010 and is currently an associate professor of instruction teaching Music & Media in Chicago, Reviewing the Arts, Cultural Criticism and the Arts, and Journalism as Literature.

Guitar World
Guitar World is a monthly music magazine for guitarists and fans of guitar-based music and trends. The magazine has been published since July 1980. Guitar World, the best-selling guitar magazine in the United States, contains original artist interviews and profiles, plus lessons and columns with tablature and associated audio files or videos, gear reviews, news, and exclusive tablature for guitar and bass of three songs per issue. The magazine is published 13 times per year, including 12 monthly issues and a holiday issue, by Future plc. Damian Fanelli has been Guitar World's editor-in-chief since June 2018.
Eriphioidea
Eriphioidea is a superfamily of crabs. It contains six families:

Dairoididae Števčić, 2005

Eriphiidae MacLeay, 1838

Hypothalassiidae Karasawa & Schweitzer, 2006

Menippidae Ortmann, 1893

Oziidae Dana, 1851

Platyxanthidae Guinot, 1977

The families are united by a number of characters, including a marked difference in size between the left and right claws, where the larger one has a crushing tooth, and the smaller one does not, and the relative breadth of the male abdomen.

Claw
A claw is a curved, pointed appendage found at the end of a toe or finger in most amniotes (mammals, reptiles, birds). Some invertebrates such as beetles and spiders have somewhat similar fine, hooked structures at the end of the leg or tarsus for gripping a surface as they walk. The pincers of crabs, lobsters and scorpions, more formally known as their chelae, are sometimes called claws.

A true claw is made of a hard protein called keratin. Claws are used to catch and hold prey in carnivorous mammals such as cats and dogs, but may also be used for such purposes as digging, climbing trees, self-defense and grooming, in those and other species.

Similar appendages that are flat and do not come to a sharp point are called nails instead. Claw-like projections that do not form at the end of digits but spring from other parts of the foot are properly named spurs.
Caracossa
Kara Hoja (lit. 'black priest'), known as Caracossa, Ali Fartax or Candelissa in Europe, was an Italian Barbary corsair and defrocked Dominican friar allied with the Ottoman Empire. He is reputed to be from Chioggia, Fano, or Calabria. In June–July 1571, he led the blockade of the San Marco basin in Venice, which was the first ever direct nautical threat that the capital of the Republic of Venice faced in its history. He was present at the Battle of Lepanto later that year and was shot by a soldier with an arquebus. According to Antonio Bosio, he was killed on Malta, although it is probably inaccurate.

Italian Peninsula
The Italian Peninsula (Italian: penisola italica or penisola italiana) is located within the Italian geographical region; it extends from the southern Alps in the north to the central Mediterranean Sea in the south which comprises much of the country of Italy and the enclaved microstates of San Marino and Vatican City.
The peninsula is also known as the Italic Peninsula, Apennine Peninsula, Italian Boot, or Mainland Italy.