hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Luraas
Thomas Luraas (1799–6 June 1886) was a Norwegian rose painter and clarinetist.

He was born in Tinn in Telemark, Norway. He was the son of farmer Øystein Gunnulfson Ingulvsland and Birgit Knutsdotter Mellomgarden Luraas, and was the brother of Hardanger fiddler Knut Luraas. He was regarded among the most prominent painters of his time in the Rosemaling tradition of Telemark. Among his most important decorative works are paintings of the interior at Suigard Juvland in Rauland from 1832, at Gunvaldjord in Haukeli from 1840, and at Lønndalen in Tuddal from 1849.

Tuddal
Tuddal is a village in Hjartdal Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The village is located in the Tuddalsdalen valley, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) to the north of the village of Sauland and about 17 kilometres (11 mi) to the south of the town of Rjukan. County road 3430 runs from Sauland, through Tuddal, and further north along the mountain Gaustatoppen and to Rjukan. The highest point along the road reaches 1,260 metres (4,130 ft) above sea level. In the center of the village is Tuddal Church from 1796. In addition to this, there are many older and preserved farm buildings in the village too. Tuddal has many holiday cabins and great tourism, including the Tuddal Hotel.
Hridayendra Shah
Hridayendra Shah (Nepali: हृदयेन्द्र शाह) (born 30 July 2002) is a member of the former Nepalese royal family. Until the monarchy was abolished on 28 May 2008, he was the second in line to the Nepalese throne. During that time, he was known by the title of Nava Yuvaraj (Nepali: नवयुवराज navayuvarāj).

Primogeniture
Primogeniture (/ˌpraɪməˈdʒɛnɪtʃər, -oʊ-/) is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn legitimate child to inherit all or most of their parent's estate, as well as succeed their parent as the ruler of a state.

Primogeniture stands in contrast to shared inheritance among all or some children, any illegitimate child or any collateral relative. In most contexts, it means the inheritance of the firstborn son (agnatic primogeniture). It can also mean by the firstborn daughter (matrilineal primogeniture), or firstborn child (absolute primogeniture).

Research shows that authoritarian regimes that rely on primogeniture for succession were more stable than forms of authoritarian rule with alternative succession arrangements. Scholars have linked primogeniture to a decline in regicide, as clear rules of succession reduce the number of people who could (absent a coup d'état) replace a ruler, thus making it less desirable to cause the death of the monarch.
Kan-e Ahmadkhan
Kan-e Ahmadkhan (Persian: كن احمدخان, also Romanized as Kan-e Aḩmadkhān) is a village in Murmuri Rural District, Kalat District, Abdanan County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 34, in 7 families. The village is populated by Lurs.

Ilam province
Ilam Province (Persian: استان ایلام) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Ilam.

The province is in the western part of the country in Region 4 and covers 20,164.11 km2 (7,785.41 mi2). It shares 425 km (264 mi) of the border with Iraq, and also borders on the provinces of Kermanshah, Lorestan, and Khuzestan.
Dewetshof
Dewetshof is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa.

It lies around 5.5 km northeast of City Hall between Observatory and Cyrildene, north of Observatory Hill. It borders Bezuidenhout Valley on the southwest, Kensington on the south, and Bruma on the southeast. In November 2017, the real estate website property24.com listed 23 homes for sale in Dewetshof, 15 selling for more than R2 million. The most expensive was R3.85 million and the cheapest at R1.39 million.

Cyrildene
Cyrildene (simplified Chinese: 西里尔德纳; traditional Chinese: 西里爾德納) is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa, predominantly home to Chinese people. The area is found east of the Johannesburg CBD and is surrounded by the suburbs of Linksfield, Observatory and Bruma. It is noted for a new Chinatown that exists on Derrick Avenue. This new Chinatown is now considered as the main Chinatown in Johannesburg, replacing the declining Chinatown on Commissioner Street in the inner-city of Johannesburg. It is located in Region F of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.
West Indian cricket team in Bangladesh in 2012–13
The West Indies cricket team toured Bangladesh in November and December 2012. The tour consisted of one Twenty20 (T20), two Test matches and five One Day Internationals (ODIs). In the First Test in Dhaka, West Indian batsman Chris Gayle became the first player to hit a six off the first ball in a Test match. The second Test of the series became the inaugural Test match to be played at the Sheikh Abu Naser Stadium, Khulna.

Veerasammy Permaul
Veerasammy Permaul (born 11 August 1989) is a Guyanese cricketer. He's featured as a left arm orthodox spinner for both Guyana and the West Indies cricket team. Permaul is also the leading wicket-taker in West Indian First-Class cricketing tournaments.
Kawakawa River
The Kawakawa River is in the Northland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows predominantly eastward to Opua, where it joins the Waikare Inlet to flow into the Veronica Channel at the southern end of the Bay of Islands.

The river starts near the town of Kawakawa, at the convergence of the Otiria and Waiharakeke Streams, and is soon joined by the Waiomio Stream. About half the river's length is an estuary, over 500 m (550 yd) wide in places. The estuary is joined by that of the Karetu River. The name was officially gazetted on 21 June 2019.

Long Bridge, the longest wooden railway bridge in the Southern Hemisphere, crosses the river at Taumarere as part of the Bay of Islands Vintage Railway. The river is tidal up to the Long Bridge.

Northland Region
Northland (Māori: Te Tai Tokerau), officially the Northland Region, is the northernmost of New Zealand's 16 local government regions. The region is known for its warm weather. The major population centre is the city of Whangārei, and the largest town is Kerikeri. At the 2018 New Zealand census, Northland recorded a population growth spurt of 18.1% since the previous 2013 census, placing it as the fastest growing region in New Zealand, ahead of other strong growth regions such as the Bay of Plenty Region (2nd with 15%) and Waikato (3rd with 13.5%).
Beechcraft Duke
The Beechcraft 60 Duke is an American-built twin-engine, piston-driven fixed-wing aircraft designed and produced by Beechcraft. The aircraft has retractable tricycle landing gear and a pressurized cabin. The  engines are turbocharged, which also pressurize the cabin with bleed air.

Beechcraft
Beechcraft is an American brand of civil aviation and military aircraft owned by Textron Aviation since 2014, headquartered in Wichita, Kansas. Originally, it was a brand of Beech Aircraft Corporation, an American manufacturer of general aviation, commercial, and military aircraft, ranging from light single-engined aircraft to twin-engined turboprop transports, business jets, and military trainers. Beech later became a division of Raytheon and then Hawker Beechcraft before a bankruptcy sale turned its assets over to Textron (parent company of Beech's historical cross-town Wichita rival, Cessna Aircraft Company). It remains a brand of Textron Aviation.
Yakovlev Yak-1
The Yakovlev Yak-1 (Russian: Яковлев Як-1) was a Soviet fighter aircraft of World War II. The Yak-1 was a single-seat monoplane with a composite structure and wooden wings; production began in early 1940.

The Yak-1 was a maneuverable, fast and competitive fighter aircraft. The composite-wooden structure made it easy to maintain and the engine proved to be reliable. It formed the basis for subsequent developments from the Yakovlev bureau and was the founder of a family of aircraft, with some 43,000 being built. As a reward, designer Alexander Yakovlev was awarded the Order of Lenin (Russian: Орден Ленина, Orden Lenina) (the highest civilian decoration bestowed by the Soviet Union), a 100,000 ruble prize, and a ZIS motor car.

Soviet ruble
The ruble or rouble (/ˈruːbəl/; Russian: рубль, romanized: rubl', IPA: [rublʲ]) was the currency of the Soviet Union. It was introduced in 1922 and replaced the Imperial Russian ruble. One ruble was divided into 100 kopecks (копейка, pl. копейки – kopeyka, kopeyki). Soviet banknotes and coins were produced by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise (or Goznak) in Moscow and Leningrad.

In addition to regular cash rubles, other types of rubles were also issued, such as several forms of convertible ruble, transferable ruble, clearing ruble, Vneshtorgbank cheque, etc.; also, several forms of virtual rubles (called "cashless ruble", безналичный рубль) were used for inter-enterprise accounting and international settlement in the Comecon zone.

In 1991, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Soviet ruble was replaced by the first Russian ruble by 1993, and continued to be used in eleven post-Soviet states, forming a "ruble zone" until 1993.
Chika, Besh!
Chika, Besh! (stylized as Chika, BESH! Basta Everyday Super Happy!) is a Philippine morning talk show broadcast by TV5, presented by Ria Atayde, Pauleen Luna, and Pokwang which premiered on August 17, 2020. The show aired through Mondays to Fridays as part of the network's morning programming block at 7:30 AM. It is line produced by Archangel Media, alongside game shows Fill in the Bank and Bawal Na Game Show. The Cignal subscription channel Colours airs an encore presentation of the show as part of its daily lineup following the premiere network telecast at 11:00 am.

Cignal
Cignal (pronounced as signal) is a Philippine satellite television and IPTV provider, owned by Cignal TV Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the MediaQuest Holdings Inc. under the PLDT Beneficial Trust Fund. With over 2 million subscribers, Cignal is the most-subscribed pay television provider in the Philippines.

Cignal's prepaid electronic loading system is powered by Smart Communications Inc. Cignal uses VideoGuard encryption system to protect its content from signal piracy. It uses the SES-7 satellite to provide optimal coverage directly to the target markets.
Richard Alexander (TV presenter)
Richard Alexander is a British actor, writer and broadcaster who has hosted talk shows, played characters in comedy programming and made documentary films detailing how ordinary people cope with serious illness and loss.

Nuts (magazine)
Nuts was a British lads' mag published weekly in the United Kingdom on Tuesdays from 2004 until 2014. Nuts' marketing campaign at its launch in 2004 used the slogan "When you really need something funny".
Sandbaai
Sandbaai (or Sand Bay) is a seaside town of approximately 4,000 people on the south coast of the Western Cape province in South Africa. Sandbaai lies between Onrusrivier to the west and Hermanus to the east. Sandbaai is governed as ward 7 of the Overstrand Local Municipality.

According to the 2011 census, the population of Sandbaai is 4,102, of whom 68.9% spoke Afrikaans as their first language while 28.6% spoke English. 89.0% of the population described themselves as "White", 5.8% as "Black African" and 4.2% as "Coloured".

Ward (South Africa)
In South Africa, wards are geopolitical subdivisions of municipalities used for electoral purposes. Each metropolitan and local municipality is delimited by the Municipal Demarcation Board into half as many wards as there are seats on the municipal council (rounding up if there are an odd number of seats). Each ward then elects one councillor directly, and the remaining councillors are elected from party lists so that the overall party representation is proportional to the proportion of votes received by each party.

After the 2021 municipal elections, there are 4,468 wards in South Africa.
Szarvasgede
Szarvasgede is a village in Nógrád County, Hungary, beside of the Aranyos creek. As of 2022 census, it has a population of 400 (see Demographics).
The village located 3.9 km from (Nr. 81) Hatvan–Fiľakovo railway line, 3.5 km from the main road 21 and 16.6 km from the M3 motorway. The closest train stop with public transport in Jobbágyi.

Hatvan–Fiľakovo railway
Hatvan– Fiľakovo railway is a non-electrified railway connecting Hatvan, Hungary with Fiľakovo, Slovakia. Once a major connecting railway, the line currently sees only local Regionalbahn service and local goods traffic. It is double tracked from Hatvan to Selyp, then single tracked for the remainder of the distance to Fiľakovo. It is a class 3 passenger and goods line from Hatvan to Salgótarján, then becomes a class 4 line from there to Fiľakovo. The line has utilized clock-face scheduling operation since 2008, when direct express train connecting service with Budapest ended. The Hungarian portion is designated as line 81 and the Slovakian portion is line 164.
Tiruchirappalli Rock Fort
Tiruchirappalli Rock Fort, locally known as Malaikottai, is a historic fortification and temple complex built on an ancient rock. It is located in the city of Tiruchirappalli, on the banks of river Kaveri, Tamil Nadu, India. It is constructed on an 83 metres (272 ft) high rock.  There are two Hindu temples inside, the Ucchi Pillayar Temple, Rockfort and the Thayumanaswami Temple, Rockfort. Other local tourist attractions include the famous Pallava-era Ganesha temple and the Madurai Nayak-era fort. The fort complex has witnessed fierce battles between the Madurai Nayakas and Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur, Carnatic region and Maratha Imperial forces. The fort played an important part during the Carnatic Wars, helping lay the foundations of the British Empire in India. The Rockfort is the most prominent landmark of the city.

Carnatic region
The Carnatic region is the peninsular South Indian region between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal, in the erstwhile Madras Presidency and in the  modern Indian states of Tamil Nadu and southern coastal Andhra Pradesh. During the British era, demarcation was different and the region included current-day Karnataka and the whole region south of the Deccan.
Wierzbięcin, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Wierzbięcin [vjɛʐˈbjɛnt͡ɕin] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowogard, within Goleniów County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) east of Nowogard, 29 km (18 mi) east of Goleniów, and 50 km (31 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Gmina Nowogard
Gmina Nowogard is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Goleniów County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Nowogard, which lies approximately 24 kilometres (15 mi) north-east of Goleniów and 45 km (28 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 338.66 square kilometres (130.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 24,510 (out of which the population of Nowogard amounts to 16,745, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 7,765).
Genetic reductionism
Genetic reductionism is the belief that understanding genes is sufficient to understand all aspects of human behavior. It is a specific form of reductionism and of biological determinism, based on a perspective which defines genes as distinct units of information with consistent properties. It also covers attempts to define specific phenomena in exclusively genetic terms, as in the case of the "warrior gene".

The concept has been criticized by many biologists. According to Affifi (2017), "With the discoveries of pleiotropy and epistasis, cracks in the reductionist paradigm emerged even before the rise of molecular biology, but the full extent of the interdependency and flexible adaptivity of the genome has really come to light in the past 10 years..." The genetic reductionist perspective can be appropriate when used to identify changes in specific genetic loci that cause differences in a given phenotype.

Monoamine oxidase A
Monoamine oxidase A, also known as MAO-A, is an enzyme (E.C. 1.4.3.4) that in humans is encoded by the MAOA gene. This gene is one of two neighboring gene family members that encode mitochondrial enzymes which catalyze the oxidative deamination of amines, such as norepinephrine, serotonin and tyramine. A mutation of this gene results in Brunner syndrome. This gene has also been associated with a variety of other psychiatric disorders, including antisocial behavior. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed.
Dysomma fuscoventralis
Dysomma fuscoventralis is an eel in the family Synaphobranchidae (cutthroat eels). It was described by Christine Karrer and Wolfgang Klausewitz in 1982. It is a marine, deep water-dwelling eel which is endemic to the Red Sea. It dwells at a depth range of 750–1425 metres.

Cutthroat eel
Cutthroat eels are a family, Synaphobranchidae, of eels, the only members of the suborder Synaphobranchoidei. They are found worldwide in temperate and tropical seas.

Cutthroat eels range from 23 to 160 cm (9.1 to 63.0 in) in length. They are bottom-dwelling fish, found in deep waters down to about 3,700 m (12,100 ft). They are distinguished by the presence of telescopic eyes in the larvae.  In some classifications (for example, ITIS), this family is split, with Simenchelys in its own family, the Simenchelyidae.
Mikumbi
Mikumbi is an administrative ward in Lindi Municipal District of Lindi Region in Tanzania. 
The ward covers an area of 0.3 km2 (0.12 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 25 m (82 ft). According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 2,006.

Lindi Municipal Council, Lindi
Lindi Municipal District is one of the eight administrative districts of Lindi Region in Tanzania. The district covers an area of 1,064 km2 (411 sq mi).The district is comparable in size to the land area of the nation state of Sao Tome and Principe. It is entirely bordered on land by Lindi District and its faces the Indian Ocean to the east. Lindi Municipal District hosts the region's capital is located in the ward of Ndoro in the town of Lindi. According to the 2012 census, the district has a total population of 78,841.
2025 Brawo Open – Doubles
Sander Arends and Robin Haase were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Vasil Kirkov and Bart Stevens won the title after defeating Alexander Merino and Christoph Negritu 6–2, 6–3 in the final.

Christoph Negritu
Christoph Negritu Mio (born 21 March 1994) is a German tennis player. He has a career high ATP singles ranking of world No. 263, achieved on 4 August 2025, and a best doubles ranking of No. 105, attained on 18 August 2025.
Zion Redington
Zion Redington (born June 3, 2006) is an American wheelchair rugby player and member of the United States national wheelchair rugby team. He represented the United States at the 2024 Summer Paralympics.

United States national wheelchair rugby team
The United States national wheelchair rugby team represents the United States in international wheelchair rugby. The USA is the most successful team in international competition, winning medals in all five Paralympic tournaments it has entered, coming away with two golds.
R.J. Mischo
R.J. Mischo (born March 18, 1960) is an American electric blues harmonicist, singer, songwriter, and record producer. To date he has released twelve albums on a number of labels, and his music has been aired on independent film scores, television commercials, and documentaries on the Discovery Channel. Mischo has contributed to a couple of Mel Bay harmonica instruction books.  In addition, he was listed in that author's The Encyclopedia of Harmonica.

Mischo's own compositions, "King of a Mighty Good Time" and "Two Hours From Tulsa", were both number one on the playlist at Sirius XM Radio. His album releases, Knowledge You Can't Get in College and Make It Good, made the Top 50 in Living Blues albums of the year listings.

Mel Bay
Melbourne Earl Bay (February 25, 1913 – May 14, 1997), known professionally as Mel Bay, was an American musician and publisher best known for his series of music education books. His Encyclopedia of Guitar Chords, first published in 1971, remains a bestseller.
Karl Rolvaag
Karl Fritjof Rolvaag (July 18, 1913 – December 20, 1990) was an American diplomat and politician who served as the 31st governor of Minnesota from March 25, 1963, to January 2, 1967, as a member of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor (DFL) Party. He was the son of the author and professor Ole E. Rølvaag.

The 1962 election was held on November 6, but the results were not known until a 139-day recount was completed in March 1963. Rolvaag won the closest gubernatorial election in state history, defeating the incumbent, Elmer L. Andersen by 91 votes out of over 1.3 million cast. He is one of only five Minnesota Democrats to win a gubernatorial election with a Democrat in the White House.

Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party
The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) is a political party in the U.S. state of Minnesota affiliated with the national Democratic Party. The party was formed by a merger between the Minnesota Democratic Party and the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party in 1944. The DFL is one of two state Democratic Party affiliates with a different name from that of the national party, the other being the neighboring North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party.

The DFL controls four of Minnesota's eight United States House of Representatives seats, both of its United States Senate seats, the Minnesota Senate, and all other statewide offices, including the Governor of Minnesota, making it the dominant party in the state. In the Minnesota House of Representatives, it has a power-sharing agreement with its main political rival, the Republican Party of Minnesota, following a tie in the 2024 Minnesota House of Representatives election.
Scooby-Doo! and the Loch Ness Monster
Scooby-Doo! and the Loch Ness Monster is a 2004 direct-to-video animated comedy mystery film, and the seventh direct-to-video film based upon the Scooby-Doo Saturday morning cartoons. It was released on June 22, 2004, and it was produced by Warner Bros. Animation.

Fred Jones (Scooby-Doo)
Fred Jones is a fictional cartoon character in the American animated series Scooby-Doo, leader of a quartet of teenage mystery solvers and their Great Dane companion, Scooby-Doo. Fred has been primarily voiced by Frank Welker since the character's inception in 1969.
Peak meter
A peak meter is a type of measuring instrument that visually indicates the instantaneous level of an audio signal that is passing through it (a sound level meter).  In sound reproduction, the meter, whether peak or not, is usually meant to correspond to the perceived loudness of a particular signal. The term peak is used to denote the meter's ability, regardless of the type of visual display, to indicate the highest output level at any instant.

A peak-reading electrical instrument or meter is one which measures the peak value of a waveform, rather than its mean value or RMS value.

As an example, when making audio recordings it is desirable to use a recording level that is just sufficient to reach the maximum capability of the recorder at the loudest sounds, regardless of the average sound level. A peak-reading meter is typically used to set the recording level.

Sound intensity
Sound intensity, also known as acoustic intensity, is defined as the power carried by sound waves per unit area in a direction perpendicular to that area, also called the sound power density and the sound energy flux density. The SI unit of intensity, which includes sound intensity, is the watt per square meter (W/m2). One application is the noise measurement of sound intensity in the air at a listener's location as a sound energy quantity.

Sound intensity is not the same physical quantity as sound pressure. Human hearing is sensitive to sound pressure which is related to sound intensity. In consumer audio electronics, the level differences are called "intensity" differences, but sound intensity is a specifically defined quantity and cannot be sensed by a simple microphone.

Sound intensity level is a logarithmic expression of sound intensity relative to a reference intensity.