hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leaving group
In organic chemistry, a leaving group typically means a molecular fragment that departs with an electron pair during a reaction step with heterolytic bond cleavage.  In this usage, a leaving group is a less formal but more commonly used synonym of the term nucleofuge; although IUPAC gives the term a broader definition.

A species' ability to serve as a leaving group can affect whether a reaction is viable, as well as what mechanism the reaction takes.

Leaving group ability depends strongly on context, but often correlates with ability to stabilize additional electron density from bond heterolysis.  Common anionic leaving groups are Cl−, Br− and I− halides and sulfonate esters such as tosylate (TsO−).  Water (H2O), alcohols (R−OH), and amines (R3N) are common neutral leaving groups, although they often require activating catalysts.  Some moieties, such as hydride (H−) serve as leaving groups only extremely rarely.

Heterolysis (chemistry)
In chemistry, heterolysis or heterolytic fission (from Greek  ἕτερος (heteros) 'different' and  λύσις (lusis) 'loosening') is the process of cleaving/breaking a covalent bond where one previously bonded species takes both original bonding electrons from the other species. During heterolytic bond cleavage of a neutral molecule, a cation and an anion will be generated. Most commonly the more electronegative atom keeps the pair of electrons becoming anionic while the more electropositive atom becomes cationic.

Heterolytic fission almost always happens to single bonds; the process usually produces two fragment species.

The energy required to break the bond is called the heterolytic bond dissociation energy, which is similar (but not equivalent) to homolytic bond dissociation energy commonly used to represent the energy value of a bond.

One example of the differences in the energies is the energy required to break a H−H bond
Mount Grant (Nevada)
Mount Grant is both the highest and most topographically prominent mountain in both the Wassuk Range and Mineral County in Nevada, United States. It ranks thirteenth among the most topographically prominent peaks in the state. The peak is located within the Hawthorne Army Depot, resulting in very limited public access.

Mount Grant was named after Ulysses S. Grant (1822–1885), general of the Union during the American Civil War and afterward 18th President of the United States.

Mount Grant (Northern Paiute: Kurangwa), plays a major role in the creation story of the groups of Northern Paiute people whose ancestors periodically lived near the mountain during their seasonal migrations. Kurangwa is a sacred being to them and is responsible for the creation of the Walker Lake (Agai Pah).

Hawthorne Army Depot
Hawthorne Army Depot (HWAD) is a U.S. Army Joint Munitions Command ammunition storage depot located near the town of Hawthorne in western Nevada in the United States.  It is directly south of Walker Lake.  The depot covers 147,000 acres (59,000 ha) or 226 square miles (590 km2) and has 600,000 square feet (56,000 m2) storage space in 2,427 bunkers.  HWAD is the "World's Largest Depot". It is divided into three ammunition storage and production areas, plus an industrial area housing command headquarters, facilities, engineering shops, etc.

The depot was established as Naval Ammunition Depot Hawthorne in September 1930. It was redesignated as the Hawthorne Army Ammunition Plant in 1977 when it was transferred from United States Navy to United States Army control as part of the United States Department of Defense's Single Manager for Conventional Ammunition. In 1994, it ended the production of ammunition and became Hawthorne Army Depot.
Live in Europe 1967: The Bootleg Series Vol. 1
Live in Europe 1967: The Bootleg Series Vol. 1 is a 3 CD + 1 DVD live album of Miles Davis and his "Second Great Quintet", with saxophonist Wayne Shorter, pianist Herbie Hancock, bassist Ron Carter, and drummer Tony Williams. The CDs contain recordings of three separate concerts in Europe (Antwerp, Copenhagen and Paris), and the DVD has two additional concerts from Karlsruhe and Stockholm.

The first disc was recorded at the Koningin Elizabethzaal in Antwerp, Belgium, on 28 October 1967. The second disc contains the concert from 2 November 1967 at the Tivoli Gardens in Copenhagen, Denmark plus the beginning of 6 November 1967 at the Salle Pleyel in Paris, France. The third disc is the majority of the Paris set. The DVD contains concerts recorded in West Germany on 7 November 1967 and Sweden on 31 October 1967.

Tivoli Gardens
Tivoli Gardens, also known simply as Tivoli (Danish pronunciation: [ˈtsʰiwoli]), is an amusement park and pleasure garden in Copenhagen, Denmark. The park opened on 15 August 1843 and is the second-oldest operating amusement park in the world, after Dyrehavsbakken in nearby Klampenborg, also in Denmark.

With 4.25 million visitors in 2024, Tivoli is the most visited amusement park in Scandinavia and second-most popular seasonal amusement park in the world after Europa-Park. Tivoli is also the fifth-most visited amusement park in Europe, behind Disneyland Park, Efteling, Europa-Park and Walt Disney Studios Park. It is located in downtown Copenhagen, next to the Central rail station.
Rainbow Canyon (California)
Rainbow Canyon (nicknamed Star Wars Canyon and Jedi Transition) is a canyon inside Death Valley National Park in Inyo County, California, on the park's western border. It is about 130 miles (210 km) west of Las Vegas and 160 miles (260 km) north of Los Angeles.

From World War II until 2019, it was commonly used by the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy as well as by other military aircraft operators for fighter jet training and was frequented by photographers who, from the canyon rim, were able to photograph jets flying beneath them. The canyon rim can be reached from Father Crowley Overlook off California State Route 190.

Inyo County, California
Inyo County (/ˈɪnjoʊ/ ⓘ) is a county in the eastern central part of the U.S. state of California, located between the Sierra Nevada and the state of Nevada. In the 2020 census, the population was 19,016. The county seat is Independence. Inyo County is on the east side of the Sierra Nevada and southeast of Yosemite National Park in Central California. It contains the Owens River Valley; it is flanked to the west by the Sierra Nevada and to the east by the White Mountains and the Inyo Mountains. Mono County is to the north. With an area of 10,192 square miles (26,400 km2), Inyo is the second-largest county by area in California, after San Bernardino County which is directly south of Inyo County. Almost half of Inyo County's area is within Death Valley National Park. However, with a population density of 1.8 people per square mile, it also has the second-lowest population density in California, after Alpine County.
Dhabi Kalan
Dhabi Kalan is a village in the Bhattu Kalan block, Fatehabad District, Hisar Division in Haryana, India.Khurd is a Persian language word which means "small". Dhabi Kalan is located 7 km from its Mandal main town Bhattu Kalan and 25 km from the district headquarter Fatehabad. The Distance to Hisar is 55 km. The distance to State capital Chandigarh is 260 km. The village is situated 230  km from the national capital New Delhi.

Hisar division
Hisar Division is one of the six divisions of Haryana State of India. The division comprises the districts of  Fatehabad, Hisar, Jind and Sirsa .

It is named after the Hisar (city) that was a fort in the late 10th century. The office of the Commissioner of Hisar division is situated in Hisar city.
Beauty and the Beast (strongman competition)
The Beauty and The Beast Strongman Challenge, also known as the Beauty and The Beast World Strongman Challenge was a short-lived annual strongman competition that was notable for the calibre of the entrants it attracted, as well as for the reputation it attained in a short amount of time.

Magnus Samuelsson
Magnus Samuelsson (born December 21, 1969), is a Swedish former strongman, arm wrestler and actor. The winner of the 1998 World's Strongest Man, he made it to the World's Strongest Man podium 5 times and the finals 10 times. He also won Sweden's Strongest Man a record nine times.

Being called the 'king of the stones' due to his prowess in stonelifting, he was also renowned for having the world's strongest arms and hands. Throughout his career, he won 13 international competitions and set 18 world records, and is regarded as one of the greatest strongmen in history.
Superstars of Dance
Superstars of Dance is an American reality television series that aired on NBC from January 4 to 26, 2009. The series features dance routines from eight countries from six continents. It was hosted by Michael Flatley, co-creator of Riverdance and creator of Lord of the Dance, and was co-hosted by former Miss USA title holder Susie Castillo. It was created by executive producers Nigel Lythgoe and Simon Fuller, co-producers of So You Think You Can Dance and American Idol.

Riverdance
Riverdance is a theatrical show that consists mainly of traditional Irish music and dance. With a score composed by Bill Whelan, it originated as an interval act during the Eurovision Song Contest 1994, featuring Irish dancing champions Jean Butler, Michael Flatley and the vocal ensemble Anúna. Shortly afterwards, husband and wife production team John McColgan and Moya Doherty expanded it into a stage show, which opened in Dublin on 9 February 1995. As of 2025, the show continues to tour the world.
Ahn Byung-hong
Ahn Byung-hong or Ahn Byung-hoon (Korean: 안병훈; Hanja: 安秉勳; RR: An Byeonghun born 6 October 1940) is a South Korean former cyclist. He competed in the individual road race and team time trial events at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

Cycling at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Men's team time trial
The men's team road race time trial was a road bicycle racing event held as part of the Cycling at the 1964 Summer Olympics programme. It was held on 14 October 1964. 33 teams of 4 cyclists competed. The course was slightly over 36.6 kilometres long, with 3 laps being required to give a total distance of 109.893 kilometres.
Deshalji II
Maharajadhiraj Mirza Maharao Shri Deshalji II Sahib Bahadur (1814–1860; reign: 1819–1860) was the Rao of Cutch belonging to Jadeja dynasty, who ascended the throne of Princely State of Cutch upon deposition of his father Bharmalji II by British. He reigned during his minority, under a Council of Regency, headed by Captain MacMurdo and composed of Jadeja chiefs.

Shri
Shri (/ʃriː/; Sanskrit: श्री, romanized: Śrī, pronounced [ɕriː]) is a Sanskrit term denoting resplendence, wealth and prosperity, primarily used as an honorific.

The word is widely used in South and Southeast Asian languages such as Hindi, and also among Philippine languages. It is usually transliterated as Sri, Sree, Shri, Shiri, Shree, Si, or Seri based on the local convention for transliteration. In Tamil it evolved to Tiru.

The term is used in Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia as a polite form of address equivalent to the English "Mr." in written and spoken language.

"Shri" is also used as a title of veneration for deities or as honorific title for individuals.

"Shri" is also an epithet for Hindu goddess Lakshmi, while a yantra or a mystical diagram popularly used to worship her is called Shri Yantra.
1981 AIAW Indoor Track and Field Championships
The 1981 AIAW Indoor Track And Field Championships, also known as the EAIAW Indoor Track and Field Championships, were the 4th annual Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women-sanctioned track meet to determine the individual and team national champions of women's collegiate indoor track and field events in the United States. They were contested March 13−14, 1981 in Pocatello, Idaho at the ASISU Minidome and won by the Virginia Cavaliers track and field team.

Unlike other AIAW-sponsored sports, there were not separate Division I, II, and III championships for indoor track and field. At the championships, Merlene Ottey set a world record in the indoor 300 meters.

300 metres
The 300 metres is an uncommon (meaning not on an Olympic or World Championship program) sprinting event in track and field competitions. The race starts on a straight and therefore comprises two straights and one bend.

The imperial distance analogue to the event is the 300 yards (270 m), which is slightly shorter than the 300 m (330 yd) distance and was contested at the USA Indoor Track and Field Championships from 1906 to 1932.
Iosif Chișinevschi
Iosif Chișinevschi (born Jakob Roitman; 26 December 1905 – 1963) was a Romanian communist politician. The leading ideologue of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR) from 1944 to 1957, he served as head of its Agitprop Department from 1948 to 1952 and was in charge of propaganda and culture from 1952 to 1955. He has been described as "Moscow's right-hand man in Romania".

Ideology
An ideology is a set of beliefs or values attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely about belief in certain knowledge, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones". Formerly applied primarily to economic, political, or religious theories and policies, in a tradition going back to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, more recent use treats the term as mainly condemnatory.

The term was coined by Antoine Destutt de Tracy, a French Enlightenment aristocrat and philosopher, who conceived it in 1796 as the "science of ideas" to develop a rational system of ideas to oppose the irrational impulses of the mob. In political science, the term is used in a descriptive sense to refer to political belief systems.
Negative Approach
Negative Approach is an American hardcore punk band, formed in Detroit, Michigan in 1981. The band is considered among the pioneers of hardcore punk, particularly in the Midwest region. Like most hardcore bands, Negative Approach was little known in its day outside of its hometown. It is now idolized in the Detroit rock underground and the punk subculture, considered to be one of the elite bands of the "old school" era, and continues to be influential. Negative Approach initially broke up in 1984 with singer John Brannon moving on to the Laughing Hyenas, and later Easy Action, but the band has reformed as of 2006 and continues to tour sporadically.

Underground music
Underground music is music with practices perceived as outside, or somehow opposed to, mainstream popular music culture. Underground styles lack the commercial success of popular music movements, and may involve the use of avant-garde or abrasive approaches. Underground music may be perceived as expressing sincerity and creative freedom in opposition to those practices deemed formulaic or market-driven. Tying into broader anti-establishment themes, counterculture music can refer to a web of various nonconforming social groups that distinguish themselves from mainstream society.
Chasing Hearts
"Chasing Hearts" is a song recorded by American electronic rock group Breathe Carolina, featuring vocals from Tyler Carter of the metalcore band Issues. It was released as the fourth single from Breathe Carolina's fourth studio album Savages, on April 15, 2014 via Fearless Records. Written by the band, it features Carter as a guest vocalist, and was produced by Ian Kirkpatrick. The music video for this song premiered on Billboard on April 15, 2014, and was directed by Jade Elher.

Fearless Records
Fearless Records is an American independent record label that was founded in 1994. Fearless is based in Culver City, California, and is best known for its early pop punk moments captured in the Fearless Flush Sampler and Punk Bites releases, as well as additional releases by bands such as Bigwig and Dynamite Boy; and later Sugarcult; Plain White T's; The Aquabats; Amely; and post-hardcore releases by At the Drive-In and Anatomy of a Ghost.  However, the label has experimented with different styles in recent years. Acts such as Blessthefall, Bloodywood, The Word Alive, Ice Nine Kills, Mayday Parade, Pierce The Veil, Starset, The Pretty Reckless, Underoath and The Color Morale have showcased post-hardcore, metalcore, hard rock and alternative rock bands that have emerged in recent years. Fearless Records' releases were distributed in the US by RED Distribution, but since Concord Music Group's purchase of the label in 2015, it has been distributed by Universal Music Group worldwide.
Edgar T. Thompson
Edgar Tristram Thompson (September 13, 1900 – April 22, 1989) was an American sociologist and expert on the society that surrounded plantations in the United States.

Thompson was born in Dillon, South Carolina in 1900. He was raised on his father's small plantation right at the border of North and South Carolina. He would eventually become an authority on the historical sociology of the plantation and its role in shaping European colonization of the New World. He studied sociology at the University of Chicago under Robert Park.

His doctoral dissertation, entitled The Plantation, helped to redirect research on the plantation away from climatic and racial theories.

Thompson later taught sociology at Duke University in North Carolina from 1937 until 1970.

Dillon, South Carolina
Dillon is the county seat of and the largest city in Dillon County in eastern South Carolina, United States. It was established on December 22, 1888. Both the name of the city and county comes from James W. Dillon, an early settler and key figure in bringing a railroad through the area. As of the 2020 census, Dillon had a population of 6,384.
National University of the Littoral
The National University of the Littoral (Spanish: Universidad Nacional del Litoral, UNL) is a public university in Argentina. It is based in Santa Fe, the capital of Santa Fe Province. It has colleges and other academic facilities in Esperanza, Reconquista and Gálvez, also in Santa Fe Province.

Reconquista, Santa Fe
Reconquista is a city in the north of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, 327 km (203 mi) from the provincial capital. It is the head town of the General Obligado Department, and it has 84,939 inhabitants according to the 2022 census [INDEC].

The city lies on a branch of the Paraná River opposite the city of Goya, Corrientes. As of 2005, the construction of a road link between the two cities is under study; at present there is no way to cross the multiple minor branches, streams and wetlands except by boat.

Reconquista was founded on 27 April 1872 as a military fort, established by Colonel Manuel Obligado, in lands formerly belonging to the Jesuit mission Reducción San Jerónimo del Rey. It was declared a city in 1921.
Bundesautobahn 39
Bundesautobahn 39 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 39, short form Autobahn 39, abbreviated as BAB 39 or A 39) is an autobahn in northern Germany. It currently connects the cities of Salzgitter, Braunschweig and Wolfsburg, with a planned extension to Lüneburg.

The A 39 begins north of Wolfsburg and ends at the A 7 close to Salzgitter. It crosses the A 2 south of Wolfsburg close to Königslutter.

Wolfsburg
Wolfsburg (German: [ˈvɔlfsbʊʁk] ⓘ; Eastphalian: Wulfsborg) is the fifth-largest city in the German state of Lower Saxony. It lies on the river Aller, 75 kilometres (47 mi) east of Hanover and 230 kilometres (143 mi) west of Berlin.

Wolfsburg is famous as the location of Volkswagen AG's headquarters and, until it was overtaken by Tesla Gigafactory Texas in 2022, the world's biggest car plant. The Autostadt is a visitor attraction next to the Volkswagen factory that features the company's model range: Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Ducati, Lamborghini, MAN, Neoplan, Porsche, Scania, SEAT, Škoda Auto and Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles. Wolfsburg is one of the few German cities built during the first half of the 20th century as a planned city. From its founding on 1 July 1938 as a home for workers producing the KdF-Wagen until 25 May 1945, the city was called Stadt des KdF-Wagens bei Fallersleben. In 1972, the population first exceeded 100,000. In 2019, the GRP was €188,453 per capita.
Elkan Naumburg
Elkan Naumburg (1835–1924) was a New York City merchant, banker, philanthropist and musicologist, best remembered for his sponsorship of the arts in Manhattan. From the last quarter of the nineteenth century, he used his wealth to promote public interest in symphonic and "semi-classical" music by helping to form and establish the Oratorio Society of New York and funding construction of the Naumburg Bandshell, which honors his name, on the Concert Ground of the Central Park Mall.

Oratorio Society of New York
The Oratorio Society of New York is a not-for-profit membership organization that performs choral music in the oratorio style. Founded in 1873 by conductor Leopold Damrosch, it is the third oldest musical organization in New York City. The Society had a prominent role in the building of Carnegie Hall. Throughout its history, it has premiered many new choral works.

Kent Tritle was appointed as the Society's 11th music director in January 2006, succeeding Lyndon Woodside.
Goldfinger (Shirley Bassey song)
"Goldfinger" is the title song from the 1964 James Bond film of the same name. Composed and arranged by John Barry and with lyrics by Leslie Bricusse and Anthony Newley, the song was performed by Shirley Bassey for the film's opening and closing title sequences, as well as the soundtrack album release. The single release of the song gave Bassey her only Billboard Hot 100 top forty hit, peaking in the Top 10 at No. 8 and No. 2 for four weeks on the Adult Contemporary chart, and in the United Kingdom the single reached No. 21 on the UK Singles Chart.

The song finished at No. 53 in AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema. In 2008, the single was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.

Grammy Hall of Fame
The Grammy Hall of Fame is a hall of fame to honor musical recordings of lasting qualitative or historical significance. Inductees are selected annually by a special member committee of eminent and knowledgeable professionals from all branches of the recording arts. It is compiled by The Recording Academy in the United States, and was established in 1973. Recordings (singles and albums) in all genres are eligible for selection, and must be over 25 years old to be considered. Additions to the list are chosen annually by a committee of recording arts professionals.

Alphabetical listing by title:

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (A–D)

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (E–I)

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (J–P)

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (Q–Z)
Chinese Wall (Montana)
The Chinese Wall is a large cuesta that lies along the crest of the Lewis and Clark Range in Bob Marshall Wilderness Area in northwestern Montana, USA. It stretches from Junction Mountain northward for 15 miles (24 km). It has an eastward-facing escarpment, 700 to 1,300 ft (210 to 400 m) high, carved by Pleistocene glaciers from westward-tilted, sparsely fossiliferous, Middle Cambrian limestones. At the base of this sheer wall, the limestones overlie Middle Cambrian shales and sandstones resting unconformably on late Precambrian sedimentary strata of the Belt Supergroup. The highest points on the wall are named separately as mountain peaks, including Junction, Haystack, Cliff, and Salt mountains. The Chinese Wall makes up part of the Continental Divide: water on the different sides of the wall flow into either the Atlantic Ocean (through the Gulf of Mexico) or the Pacific Ocean.

Cuesta
A cuesta (Spanish for 'slope') is a hill or ridge with a gentle slope on one side, and a steep slope on the other. In geology, the term is more specifically applied to a ridge where a harder sedimentary rock overlies a softer layer, the whole being tilted somewhat from the horizontal. This results in a long and gentle backslope called a dip slope that conforms with the dip of resistant strata, called caprock. Where erosion has exposed the frontslope of this, a steep slope or escarpment occurs. The resulting terrain may be called scarpland.