hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
World Socialist Party (Ireland)
The World Socialist Party (Ireland), founded as the Socialist Party of Ireland in 1949 before changing its name a decade later, was a Marxist political party in the impossibilist tradition. It was a companion party of the World Socialist Movement (WSM) and was closely connected to the Socialist Party of Great Britain (SPGB). The party's offices were in Belfast and it was most active in Northern Ireland, although it was also active in the Republic of Ireland. The party participated in elections in Northern Ireland, but without success. Socialist View was the party's newspaper. The party disbanded in the 1990s.

Socialist Party of Great Britain
The Socialist Party of Great Britain (SPGB) is a small socialist political party in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1904 as a split from the Social Democratic Federation (SDF), it advocates using the ballot box for revolutionary purposes and opposes both Leninism and reformism. It holds that countries which claimed to have established socialism had only established "state capitalism" and was one of the first to describe the Soviet Union as state capitalist. The party's political position has been described as a form of impossibilism.
Margulis
Margulis is a surname that, like its variants, is derived from the Ashkenazi Hebrew pronunciation of the Hebrew word Margalit (מרגלית, Israeli Hebrew: [maʁɡaˈlit])), meaning 'pearl.' Notable people and characters with the name include:

Berl Broder (born Margulis; 1817–1868), Broder singer

Dan Margulis (born 1951), author, expert on color correction and image retouching

David Margulis, Hero of the Soviet Union

Evgeny Margulis (born 1955), Russian musician

Grigory Margulis (born 1946), Russian mathematician, known for the Margulis lemma

Lynn Margulis (1938–2011), American evolutionary biologist

Margulis, a villain from the game series Xenosaga

Grigory Margulis
Grigory Aleksandrovich Margulis (Russian: Григо́рий Алекса́ндрович Маргу́лис, first name often given as Gregory, Grigori or Gregori; born February 24, 1946) is a Russian-American mathematician known for his work on lattices in Lie groups, and the introduction of methods from ergodic theory into diophantine approximation. He was awarded a Fields Medal in 1978, a Wolf Prize in Mathematics in 2005, and an Abel Prize in 2020 (with Hillel Furstenberg), becoming the fifth mathematician to receive the three prizes. In 1991, he joined the faculty of Yale University, where he is currently the Erastus L. De Forest Professor of Mathematics.
Sin (letter)
The Arabic letter س sīn /s/ (Arabic: سِينْ, sīn or seen /siːn/) is the 12th letter in the common Hijā'i order, and the 15th letter in the Abjadi order (corresponding to the 15th letter Phoenician letter Samekh). Based on Semitic linguistics, Samekh has no surviving descendant in the Arabic alphabet, and that sīn is derived from Phoenician šīn 𐤔 rather than Phoenician sāmek 𐤎, but unlike the Aramaic 𐡔‎‎ sīn/šīn and the Hebrew ש‎ sīn/šīn, Arabic س sīn /s/ is considered a completely separate letter from ش šīn /ʃ/, and is written thus:

The history of the letters expressing sibilants in the various Semitic alphabets is somewhat complicated, due to different mergers between Proto-Semitic phonemes. As usually reconstructed, there are four plain Proto-Semitic coronal voicelessfricative phonemes (not counting emphatic ones) that evolved into the various voiceless sibilants of its daughter languages, as follows:

Coronal consonant
Coronals are consonants articulated with the flexible front part of the tongue. Among places of articulation, only the coronal consonants can be divided into as many articulation types: apical (using the tip of the tongue), laminal (using the blade of the tongue), domed (with the tongue bunched up), or subapical (using the underside of the tongue) as well as different postalveolar articulations (some of which also involve the back of the tongue as an articulator): palato-alveolar, alveolo-palatal and retroflex. Only the front of the tongue (coronal) has such dexterity among the major places of articulation, allowing such variety of distinctions. Coronals have another dimension, grooved, to make sibilants in combination with the orientations above.
Joel Sheltrown
Joel Sheltrown (born 1947) is an American politician from the state of Michigan. A Democrat, he served in the Michigan House of Representatives, representing the 103rd district, which at the time included all of Iosco, Missaukee, Ogemaw, and Roscommon counties. He was elected on November 2, 2004 to replace outgoing Rep. Dale Sheltrown, his brother. He left office in 2010 due to term limits and is now a member of the national advisory board of Democrats for Life of America.

Michigan's 103rd House of Representatives district
Michigan's 103rd House of Representatives district (also referred to as Michigan's 103rd House district) is a legislative district within the Michigan House of Representatives located in parts of Benzie and Grand Traverse counties, as well as all of Leelanau County. The district was created in 1965, when the Michigan House of Representatives district naming scheme changed from a county-based system to a numerical one.
Gateway Grizzlies
The Gateway Grizzlies are a professional baseball team based in Sauget, Illinois. The Grizzlies compete in the Frontier League (FL) as a member of the West Division in the Midwest Conference. The franchise was founded in 2001 and they play their home games at the 6,000-seat Arsenal BG Ballpark, just 8 miles southeast of Downtown St. Louis. Some of the defining features of the stadium include lawn seats, bleacher seats, box seating, party suites, a hot tub suite, and more.

The Grizzlies won the Frontier Cup in 2003, defeating the Evansville Otters 3 games to 0.

The team have a rivalry with the Schaumburg Boomers, with whom they have shared a division since 2012.

Downtown St. Louis
Downtown St. Louis is the central business district of St. Louis, Missouri, the hub of tourism and entertainment, and the anchor of the St. Louis metropolitan area. The downtown is bounded by Cole Street to the north, the river front to the east, Chouteau Avenue to the south, and Tucker Boulevard to the west. (If the neighborhood defined by the city as Downtown West, St. Louis, is included, however, then it extends further west to Jefferson Avenue.) The downtown is the site of many corporate headquarters, including Stifel Financial Corp., HOK, Spire Inc, and a host of other companies. Downtown is also the site of Busch Stadium, the Dome at America's Center, Gateway Arch National Park, Basilica of St. Louis, King of France, as well as several other notable cultural centers.
Al-Rayyan SC (basketball)
Al Rayyan Basketball Team (Arabic: فريق الريان لكرة السلة) is a Qatari professional basketball team based in Omm Alafai in the city of Al-Rayyan, Qatar. Al Rayyan is one of the most successful basketball clubs in Qatar, with many domestic and international titles to its name. It is part of the Al Rayyan Sports Club.

Al-Rayyan SC
Al-Rayyan Sports Club (Arabic: نادي الريان الرياضي) is a Qatari multi-sports club fielding teams in a number of sports such as football, futsal, basketball, volleyball, handball, athletics, table tennis, and swimming. It is based at the Ahmad bin Ali Stadium in Umm Al Afaei in the city of Al Rayyan. The club was founded in 1967 after merging the old Rayyan team with Nusoor Club. The official team colours are red and black.

They have won numerous titles in all sports, including two Asian championships in basketball, the Arab championship in handball, futsal domestic titles, table tennis, and volleyball, as well as numerous GCC basketball, handball, and volleyball championships. Both the basketball and handball teams have qualified for the world championships. However, the football team gets the most attention from the club officials, media, and fans.
Central Air Command Support Squadron (JASDF)
Central Air Command Support Squadron (中部航空方面隊司令部支援飛行隊, chūbu-kōkūhōmentai-shirei-bu-shien-hikō-tai) is a squadron of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force based at Iruma Air Base in Saitama Prefecture north of Tokyo. Under the authority of the Central Air Defense Force, the squadron operates Kawasaki T-4 and U-4 aircraft.

There is a "Silver Impulse" T-4 acrobatic team that performs during the annual Iruma Air Show. The name is derived from the official JASDF aerobatic team, Blue Impulse, and the fact that most of the pilots are aged 50 or over.

Saitama Prefecture
Saitama Prefecture (埼玉県, Saitama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜi.ta.ma, sai.ta.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Saitama Prefecture has a population of 7,338,536 (January 1, 2020) and has a geographic area of 3,797 km2 (1,466 sq mi). Saitama Prefecture borders Tochigi Prefecture and Gunma Prefecture to the north, Nagano Prefecture to the west, Yamanashi Prefecture to the southwest, Tokyo to the south, Chiba Prefecture to the southeast, and Ibaraki Prefecture to the northeast.

Saitama is the capital and largest city of Saitama Prefecture, with other major cities including Kawaguchi, Kawagoe, and Tokorozawa.
Hypoglossal nucleus
The hypoglossal nucleus is a cranial nerve nucleus, found within the medulla. Being a motor nucleus, it is close to the midline. In the open medulla, it is visible as what is known as the hypoglossal trigone, a raised area (medial to the vagal trigone) protruding slightly into the fourth ventricle.

The hypoglossal nucleus is located between the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and the midline of the medulla. Axons from the hypoglossal nucleus pass anteriorly through the medulla forming the hypoglossal nerve which exits between the pyramid and olive in a groove called the anterolateral sulcus.

The hypoglossal nucleus plays an important role in maintaining airway patency.

Vagal trigone
The vagal trigone (ala cinerea) is a triangular eminence upon the rhomboid fossa produced by the underlying dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve.

The vagal trigone is separated from the area postrema by a narrow strip of thickened  ependyma – the funiculus separans.
Contractual terms in English law
Contractual terms in English law is a topic which deals with four main issues.

which terms are incorporated into the contract

how are the terms of the contract to be interpreted

whether terms are implied into the contract

what controls are placed on unfair terms

The terms of a contract are the essence of a contract, and tell the reader what the contract will do. For instance, the price of a good, the time of its promised delivery and the description of the good will all be terms of the contract.

Sale of Goods Act 1979
The Sale of Goods Act 1979 (c. 4) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which regulated English contract law and UK commercial law in respect of goods that are sold and bought. The Act consolidated the original Sale of Goods Act 1893 and subsequent legislation, which in turn had codified and consolidated the law. Since 1979, there have been numerous minor statutory amendments and additions to the 1979 act. It was replaced for some aspects of consumer contracts from 1 October 2015 by the Consumer Rights Act 2015 (c 22) but remains the primary legislation underpinning business-to-business transactions involving selling or buying goods.

The act applies to contracts where property in 'goods' is transferred or agreed to be transferred for a monetary consideration, in other words: where property (ownerstop) in personal chattels is sold.
Etzersdorf-Rollsdorf
Etzersdorf-Rollsdorf is a former municipality in the district of Weiz in the Austrian state of Styria. Since the 2015 Styria municipal structural reform, it is part of the municipality Sankt Ruprecht an der Raab.

Styria municipal structural reform
The Styria municipal structural reform (German: Steiermärkische Gemeindestrukturreform) was a local government reform in the Austrian state of Styria, which was made effective January 1, 2015. The reform nearly halved the number of Styrian municipalities from 542 to 287. The reform was intended to reduce costs and ease election of new town officials. The terms of the reform is formalized in the Styrian Municipality Structural Reform Act. (StGsrG). The law was adopted on December 17, 2013 by the Landtag of Styria, and promulgated on April 2, 2014.
Customary law in Ethiopia
Customary laws, in line with official state laws, are based on age-old community customs and norms in Ethiopia. They are noticeable in regional states and become influential in the life of people more than the formal legal system. For example, in Amhara Region, they are called "Shemagelle", in Tigray "Bayito" and "Abo Gereb", and "Luba Basa" in Oromia.

Amhara Region
The Amhara Region (Amharic: አማራ ክልል, romanized: Åmara Kilil), officially the Amhara National Regional State (Amharic: የአማራ ብሔራዊ ክልላዊ መንግሥት, romanized: yeämara bıħérawi kılılawi mengıct), is a regional state in northern Ethiopia and the homeland of the Amhara, Awi, Argobba, and Qemant people. Its capital is Bahir Dar which is the seat of the Regional Government of Amhara. Amhara is the site of the largest inland body of water in Ethiopia, Lake Tana (which is the source of the Blue Nile), Grand Renaissance Dam and Semien Mountains National Park (which includes Ras Dashan, the highest point in Ethiopia). Amhara is bordered by Sudan to the west and northwest and by these regions of Ethiopia: Tigray to the north, Afar to the east, Benishangul-Gumuz to southwest, and Oromia to the south. Towns and cities in Amhara include: Dessie, Gonder, Debre Birhan, Debre Tabor, Kombolcha, Weldiya, Debre Markos, Seqota, Kobo, and Metema. The Regions name is said to mean “noble” or “highland”.
Matthew 6:9
Matthew 6:9 is the ninth verse of the sixth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and is part of the Sermon on the Mount. This verse is the opening of the Lord's Prayer, one of the best known parts of the entire New Testament.

Cyprian
Cyprian (/ˈsɪpriən/; Latin: Thascius Caecilius Cyprianus; c. 210 to 14 September 258 AD) was a bishop of Carthage and an early Christian writer of Berber descent, many of whose Latin works are extant. He is recognized as a saint in the Western and Eastern churches.

He was born around the beginning of the 3rd century in North Africa, perhaps at Carthage, where he received a classical education. Soon after converting to Christianity, he became a bishop in 249. A controversial figure during his lifetime, his strong pastoral skills, firm conduct during the Novatianist controversy and outbreak of the Plague of Cyprian (named for his description of it), and eventual martyrdom at Carthage established his reputation and proved his sanctity in the eyes of the Church.

His skilful Latin rhetoric led to his being considered the pre-eminent Latin writer of Western Christianity until Jerome and Augustine.
History of Grêmio FBPA
The history of Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense (commonly known as Grêmio and abbreviated as FBPA), a Brazilian football club based in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, began with its founding on September 15, 1903, by Candido Dias da Silva. It is regarded as one of the most prominent clubs in Brazil and South America. The club's colors are blue, black, and white. Grêmio is affectionately nicknamed Immortal Tricolor, Tricolor dos Pampas, Tricolor Gaúcho, King of Cups, and Club of All, reflecting its storied success, particularly in knockout competitions.

Campeonato Gaúcho
The Campeonato Gaúcho (English: Gaúcho Championship), officially named as Campeonato Gaúcho de Futebol Série A and commonly known as the Gauchão or the Gauchão Ipiranga for sponsorship reasons, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is run by the Rio Grande do Sul Football Federation (FGF).

The rivalry of two of the better-known Brazilian teams (Grêmio and Internacional) have a significant impact in the history of the tournament. Since 1940, the Grenal duo have won the title on all but four occasions: the defunct Renner was champion in 1954, Juventude almost 44 years later in 1998, Caxias, in 2000, under Tite's command, and Novo Hamburgo in 2017.

Internacional is the biggest winner of the competition, with 46 titles, followed by Grêmio with 43 titles and Guarany of Bagé with two titles.
Joseph Stannard (American football)
Joseph Byron Stannard (February 6, 1872 – February 22, 1952) was an American college football player and coach and dentist. He served as the head football coach at Westminster College in New Wilmington, Pennsylvania in 1897 and Colgate University in 1899. Before coaching, Stannard played football first at Colgate under Spencer Ford and then at the University of Pennsylvania under George Washington Woodruff.

Stannard was born on February 6, 1872, in Linneus, Missouri, to Oscar and Francis Stannard. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine and began practicing dentistry in Bloomington, Illinois in 1903. Stannard died on February 22, 1952, at St. Joseph Hospital in Bloomington, after a two-week illness.

Bloomington, Illinois
Bloomington is a city in McLean County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. The 2020 census showed the city had a population of 78,680, making it the 13th-most populous city in Illinois and the fifth-most populous outside the Chicago metropolitan area. It is adjacent to the town of Normal, and is the more populous of the two principal municipalities of the Bloomington–Normal metropolitan area, which has a population of roughly 170,000.

Bloomington is 135 miles (217 km) southwest of Chicago and 162 miles (261 km) northeast of St. Louis. Bloomington is home to Illinois Wesleyan University and the headquarters for State Farm and Country Financial. Bloomington is also home to the minor league hockey team Bloomington Bison.
Joel Cohen
Joel Cohen is the name of:

Joel Cohen (musician) (born 1942), American musician specializing in early music repertoires

Joel Cohen (writer), American screenwriter

Joel H. Cohen, Canadian TV writer for The Simpsons

Joel Ephraim Cohen (born 1944), American mathematical biologist

Joel E. Cohen
Joel Ephraim Cohen NAS AAA&S APS CFR AAAS (born  February 10, 1944) is a mathematical biologist. He is Abby Rockefeller Mauzé Professor of Populations at the Rockefeller University in New York City as of 2025 and at the Earth Institute of Columbia University, where he holds a joint appointment in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, the Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, and the School of International and Public Affairs. He is also a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.
Corowa Courthouse
The Corowa Courthouse is a heritage-listed courthouse located at 8 Church Street, Corowa, in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by James Barnet, the Colonial Architect, and built from 1886 to 1887 by W. Squires. It is also known as the Corowa Court House. The property is owned by the Department of Justice, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 22 December 2000.

Department of Justice (New South Wales)
The Department of Justice was a state government agency in New South Wales, Australia, that operated under various names between 2009 and 2019. In 2019, most of its functions were absorbed by a new Department of Communities and Justice. The department was responsible for the state's justice system – courts, prosecutions, prisons, sheriffs – and most emergency service agencies.

The department was known as the Department of Justice and Attorney General (2009–2011), the Department of Attorney General and Justice (2011–2014), the Department of Police and Justice (2014) and finally the Department of Justice (2014–2019).
TTL (Time to Love)
"TTL (Time to Love)" is the first collaboration single released by South Korean groups T-ara and Supernova. The single was released digitally on September 15, 2009. It was re-released on T-ara's first album Absolute First Album and later on its re-issue Breaking Heart. An alternate/remix version of the song titled "TTL Listen 2" was released a month later.

Supernova (South Korean group)
Supernova (Korean: 슈퍼노바; stylized as SUPERNOVA) is a South Korean boy band formed under Mnet Media in 2006. Their most well-known lineup featured Jung Yunhak, Kim Sungje, Kim Kwangsoo, Yoon Sungmo, Song Jihyuk and Park Geonil. The six members specialized in the areas of singing, dance, acting, rap and pop. Supernova officially debuted on September 21, 2007, with their lead single "Hit" from debut album The Beautiful Stardust.

From 2007 to 2018 they were known in Korean as Choshinsung (Korean: 초신성; RR: Chosinseong; MR: Ch'osinsŏng) and in Japanese as Choshinsei (超新星, Chōshinsei); starting in 2018 they are now known everywhere by the English name, written in all caps Latin script.
Glavinitsa Municipality
Glavinitsa Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Главиница) is a municipality (obshtina) in Silistra Province, Northeastern Bulgaria, located along the right bank of Danube river in the Danubian Plain in the area of the South Dobrudzha geographical region. It is named after its administrative centre – the town of Glavinitsa.

The municipality embraces a territory of 481.23 km2 (185.80 sq mi) with a population of 12,610 inhabitants, as of December 2009.

The main road II-21 crosses the area from east to west, connecting the province centre of Silistra with the city of Ruse.

Southern Dobruja
Southern Dobruja or South Dobruja (Bulgarian: Южна Добруджа, romanized: Yuzhna Dobrudzha or simply Добруджа, Dobrudzha; Romanian: Dobrogea de Sud or Dobrogea Nouă, lit. 'New Dobruja'), also the Quadrilateral (Romanian: Cadrilater), is an area of north-eastern Bulgaria comprising Dobrich and Silistra provinces, part of the historical region of Dobruja. It has an area of 7,412 square km and a population of 358,000.

It is historically noteworthy as a point of contention in Bulgarian-Romanian relations. Part of Bulgaria between 1878 and 1913, the region was annexed by Romania in the Treaty of Bucharest (1913), targeted by Bulgaria during World War I (1914–18), and subsequently remained Romanian until 1940, when Bulgaria regained control in the Treaty of Craiova, which went along with a compulsory population exchange. Southern Dobruja has been part of Bulgaria since 1940.
John Wickham (urologist)
John Ewart Alfred Wickham (10 December 1927 – 26 October 2017) was a British urologist and surgeon, who was a pioneer of keyhole surgery and the autonomous transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) robot, foreseeing the subsequent revolution in robotic surgery.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy
A percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL, PCN, or PNL) is a minimally-invasive procedure to remove stones from the kidney by a small puncture wound (up to about 1 cm) through the skin. It is most suitable to remove stones over 2 cm in size or which are present near the pelvic region. It is usually done under general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia.

Since their development in 2000, PCNLs have become the standard treatment for complex and large kidney stones, and have largely obviated the need for open surgical procedures.