hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
O. B. Philp
Colonel Owen Bartley Philp, CM, DFC, CD (25 December 1923 – 15 April 1995) was a Canadian air force officer who was instrumental in the formation of the Golden Centennaires aerobatic team, commanded the Golden Centennaires, and was founder of the Snowbirds aerobatic team. Philp was made a Member of the Order of Canada in October 1992 and was inducted into the Canadian Aviation Hall of Fame in 2015.

Canadian Forces' Decoration
The Canadian Forces' Decoration (post-nominal letters "CD") is a Canadian award bestowed upon members of the Canadian Armed Forces who have completed twelve years of military service, with certain conditions. By convention, it is also given to the governor general of Canada upon their appointment, which includes the title of Commander-in-Chief in and over Canada. The decoration is awarded to all ranks, who must have a good record of conduct during the final eight years of claimed service.

The first governor general to receive the CD was Viscount Alexander of Tunis in 1951. The medal was initially awarded to all members of the Royal Family who served in the Canadian Forces, even without completion of twelve years of service; this has, however, not been automatic since 1953.
Orthodox brotherhood
Brotherhoods (Russian: братство; Ukrainian: братство; literally, "fraternity") were non-monastic unions of Eastern Orthodox and Greek Catholic citizens or lay brothers affiliated with individual autocephalous churches. Some of their focus was of an evangelical or theological character, but much of their activities were in fact secular. Their structure resembled that of medieval confraternities and trade guilds, and can be characterized as the Orthodox equivalent of Catholic religious orders. Unlike the religious orders of other religions such as those of sufism in Islam, they do not hold any uniquely esoteric views or doctrines, or have initiative practices otherwise unfound in mainstream orthodox monasticism.

Degrees of Eastern Orthodox monasticism
The degrees of Eastern Orthodox monasticism are the stages an Eastern Orthodox monk or nun passes through in their religious vocation.

In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the process of becoming a monk or nun is intentionally slow, as the monastic vows taken are considered to entail a lifelong commitment to God, and are not to be entered into lightly. After a person completes the novitiate, three degrees or steps must be completed in the process of preparation before one may gain the monastic habit.

Some Byzantine Rite Catholic Churches use these same monastic degrees and titles and some of these form the Order of Saint Basil the Great in Eastern Europe and abroad.
Karate at the 2023 Pan American Games
Karate competitions at the 2023 Pan American Games in Santiago, Chile were held between November 3 and 5, 2023 at the Centro de Entrenamiento de los Deportes de Contacto.

12 medal events were contested. Ten of these events were in kumite (five per gender). A further two events (one per gender) in kata were contested. A total of 106 athletes qualified to compete at the games.

Kata
Kata is a Japanese word  (型 or 形) meaning 'form'. It refers to a detailed choreographed pattern of martial arts movements. It can also be reviewed within groups and in unison when training. It is practiced in Japanese martial arts as a way to memorize and perfect the movements being executed.   Korean martial arts with Japanese influence (hapkido, Tang Soo Do) use the derived term hyeong (hanja: 形) and also the term pumsae (hanja: 品勢 hangeul: 품새).

Kata are also used in many traditional Japanese arts such as theatre forms like kabuki and schools of tea ceremony (chadō), but are most commonly known  in the martial arts. Kata are used by most Japanese and Okinawan martial arts, such as iaido, judo, kendo, kenpo, and karate.
Thomas J. Speer
Thomas Jefferson Speer (August 31, 1837 – August 18, 1872) was a U.S. representative from Georgia.

Born in Monroe County, Georgia, Speer attended the common schools.
He engaged in mercantile pursuits and as a planter.

Speer was elected Justice of the Peace in 1861 and reelected in 1865.
He was appointed collector of Confederate taxes for Pike County in June 1863, serving until the end of the American Civil War.

Speer was elected justice of the inferior court for Pike County in 1865, serving until July 1868.
He served as delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1867–1868. He served as member of the Georgia State Senate from 1868 to 1870.

Speer was elected as a Republican to the Forty-second Congress and served from March 4, 1871, until his death in Barnesville, Georgia, August 18, 1872.
He was interred in Zebulon Street Cemetery.

Monroe County, Georgia
Monroe County is a county located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 27,957. The county seat is Forsyth. The county was created on May 15, 1821. The county was named for James Monroe. Monroe County is included in the Macon, GA metropolitan statistical area.
Boyd (surname)
Boyd is an ancient Scottish surname.

The name is attached to Simon, one of several brothers and children of Alan, son of Flathald. Simon's son Robert was called Boyt or Boyd from the Celtic term boidhe, meaning fair or yellow. Robert the Bruce granted lands to Sir Robert Boyd as the ancestor of the earls of Kilmarnock. The Scottish peerage of the earls of Kilmarnock ends shortly after William Boyd rebelled in the Battle of Culloden in 1746. William was arrested and executed at the Tower of London in 1746. He left a widow and three sons including James, Lord Boyd who married and succeeded his father as the Earl of Errol, taking his mother's title.

Another theory is of territorial origins which may have been taken from the Bhoid, the Gaelic term for the island of Bute, in the Firth of Clyde. The surname was common in Edinburgh in the 17th century. The Scottish Gaelic form of the surname is Boid (masculine), and Bhoid (feminine).

Isle of Bute
The Isle of Bute (Scots: Buit; Scottish Gaelic: Eilean Bhòid or An t-Eilean Bòdach), known as Bute (/bjuːt/), is an island in the Firth of Clyde in Scotland. It is divided into highland and lowland areas by the Highland Boundary Fault.

Formerly a constituent island of the larger County of Bute, it is now part of the council area of Argyll and Bute. Bute's resident population was 6,498 in 2011, a decline of just over 10% from the figure of 7,228 recorded in 2001 against a background of Scottish island populations as a whole growing by 4% to 103,702 for the same period.
Graphical lasso
In statistics, the graphical lasso is a penalized likelihood estimator for the precision matrix (also called the concentration matrix or inverse covariance matrix) of a multivariate elliptical distribution. Through the use of an  penalty, it performs regularization to give a sparse estimate for the precision matrix. In the case of multivariate Gaussian distributions, sparsity in the precision matrix corresponds to conditional independence between the variables therefore implying a Gaussian graphical model.

The graphical lasso was originally formulated to solve Dempster's covariance selection problem for the multivariate Gaussian distribution when observations were limited. Subsequently, the optimization algorithms to solve this problem were improved and extended  to other types of estimators and distributions.

Covariance matrix
In probability theory and statistics, a covariance matrix (also known as auto-covariance matrix, dispersion matrix, variance matrix, or variance–covariance matrix) is a square matrix giving the covariance between each pair of elements of a given random vector.

Intuitively, the covariance matrix generalizes the notion of variance to multiple dimensions. As an example, the variation in a collection of random points in two-dimensional space cannot be characterized fully by a single number, nor would the variances in the  and  directions contain all of the necessary information; a  matrix would be necessary to fully characterize the two-dimensional variation.

Any covariance matrix is symmetric and positive semi-definite and its main diagonal contains variances (i.e., the covariance of each element with itself).

The covariance matrix of a random vector  is typically denoted by ,  or .
Terry McDaniel (baseball)
Terrence Keith McDaniel (born December 6, 1966) is an American former Major League Baseball outfielder.

McDaniel graduated from Southeast High School in Kansas City, Missouri in 1985 and attended Houston on a college football scholarship but dropped out after one year to pursue a professional baseball career.

He played during one season at the major league level for the New York Mets. He was drafted by the Mets in the 6th round of the 1986 amateur draft. McDaniel played his first professional season with their Rookie league Kingsport Mets in 1986, and his split his last season with the Cincinnati Reds' Double-A Chattanooga Lookouts and Triple-A Nashville Sounds in 1992.

Chattanooga Lookouts
The Chattanooga Lookouts are a Minor League Baseball team of the Southern League and the Double-A affiliate of the Cincinnati Reds. They are based in Chattanooga, Tennessee, and are named for nearby Lookout Mountain. After the 2025 season, they will move to Erlanger Park. They played at Engel Stadium from 1930 through 1999, except in 1943, when they played at Montgomery, Alabama's Cramton Bowl.
Campuzano
Campuzano is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ashley Campuzano (born 1992), American actress

Carmen Campuzano (born 1970), Mexican actress and model

Daniela Campuzano (born 1986), Mexican mountain biker

Juan Carlos Campuzano (born 1949), American physicist

Jorman  Campuzano (born 1996), Colombian football player

Nico Campuzano (born 1998), Spanish football player

Rómulo Campuzano (born 1957), Mexican politician

Rosa Campuzano (1796–1851), Ecuadorian activist

Will Campuzano (born 1986), Mexican-American mixed martial artist

Rosa Campuzano
Rosa Campuzano Cornejo (13 April 1796 – 1851) was an activist affiliated with the cause of freedom in the struggle for the independence of Peru, born in Guayaquil, Viceroyalty of Peru on April 13, 1796 and died in Lima in 1851. She was called "the protectress" for being the mistress of General José de San Martín, the exalted "Protector of Peru."
Alexander Mazin
Alexander Vladimirovich Mazin (Russian: Александр Владимирович Мазин) is a Ukrainian-born Russian writer, poet, and songwriter, specializing in the genres of science fiction, fantasy, and alternate history.

Born in 1959, in Zaporizhia, Mazin graduated from the Leningrad Lensoviet Institute of Technology. During the late 80s, he was a member of the authors' studio Nast. He worked for the theater for several years, participating in such projects as the Star of Bethlehem rock opera and The Wizard of the Emerald City musical. In 1990, Mazin published his first and only poetry collection, titled The Path to the Mountain Heart. From 1993, he has written mostly novels.

Zaporizhzhia
Zaporizhzhia, formerly known as Aleksandrovsk or Oleksandrivsk until 1921, is a city in southeast Ukraine, situated on the banks of the Dnieper River. It is the administrative centre of Zaporizhzhia Oblast. Zaporizhzhia has a population of 710,052 (2022 estimate).

Zaporizhzhia is known for the historic island of Khortytsia, multiple power stations and for being an important industrial centre. Steel, aluminium, aircraft engines, automobiles, transformers for substations, and other heavy industrial goods are produced in the region.
Red (an orchestra)
Red {an orchestra} was an American chamber orchestra based in Cleveland, Ohio.

Established in 2001, its Artistic Director and conductor was Jonathan Sheffer.  The orchestra's repertoire spanned the work of Renaissance composers including Heinrich Schütz to contemporary classical composers including Frank Zappa, John Corigliano, and Sheffer himself.  Red also engaged in innovative multimedia collaborations with film, puppetry, visual art, narration, and other art forms.

Red {an orchestra} received reviews in The Plain Dealer and the Akron Beacon Journal.

The orchestra suspended operations in March 2008 due to financial difficulties.

Contemporary classical music
Contemporary classical music is Western art music composed close to the present day. At the beginning of the 21st century, it commonly referred to the post-1945 post-tonal music after the death of Anton Webern, and included serial music, electronic music, experimental music, and minimalist music. Newer forms of music include spectral music and post-minimalism.
Katunets
Katunets (Bulgarian: Катунец) is a Bulgarian village in the Municipality of Ugarchin, northern Bulgaria. The village is situated near the towns of Lovech and Pleven. The 43,5 km long Katuneshka river flows through the village.

Pleven
Pleven (Bulgarian: Плèвен pronounced [ˈplɛvɛn]) is the seventh most populous city in Bulgaria. Located in the northern part of the country, it is the administrative centre of Pleven Province, as well as of the subordinate Pleven municipality. It is the biggest economic center in Northwestern Bulgaria. At the 2021 census its population was 89,823.

Internationally known for the siege of Plevna of 1877, today it is a major economic centre of the Bulgarian Northwest and Central North and the third largest city of Northern Bulgaria after Varna and Ruse.
Peukert
Peukert is a surname:

Detlev Peukert (1950–1990), German historian

Josef Peukert (1855, Albrechtsdorf an der Adler – 1910, Chicago), a Bohemian-Austrian anarchist

Karl Peukert (1902–1962), German actor

Leo Peukert (1885–1944), German actor

Randolf Peukert (1929–2009), German athlete

Wolfgang Peukert (born 1958), German process engineer

Wilhelm Peukert (1855–1932), German scientist

Leo Peukert
Leonhard "Leo" Peukert (26 August 1885 – 6 January 1944) was a prolific German film actor and film director, appearing in more than a hundred and fifty productions between 1910 and his death in 1944. While occasionally he played a leading role in his early years, such as the comedy The Happy Journey (1924), he mostly appeared as a character actor. Peukert was also a film director, making eleven short and feature films during the silent era.

He was married to the actress Sabine Impekoven who appeared with him in several silent films.
Adrian Krainer (scientist)
Adrian Robert Krainer is a Uruguayan-American biochemist and molecular geneticist known for his research into RNA gene-splicing. He helped create a drug for patients with spinal muscular atrophy. Krainer holds the St. Giles Foundation Professorship at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in Laurel Hollow, New York.

RNA splicing
RNA splicing is a process in molecular biology where a newly-made precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) transcript is transformed into a mature messenger RNA (mRNA). It works by removing all the introns (non-coding regions of RNA) and splicing back together exons (coding regions). For nuclear-encoded genes, splicing occurs in the nucleus either during or immediately after transcription. For those eukaryotic genes that contain introns, splicing is usually needed to create an mRNA molecule that can be translated into protein.  For many eukaryotic introns, splicing occurs in a series of reactions which are catalyzed by the spliceosome, a complex of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). There exist self-splicing introns, that is, ribozymes that can catalyze their own excision from their parent RNA molecule. The process of transcription, splicing and translation is called gene expression, the central dogma of molecular biology.
Rosendo Álvarez
Rosendo José Álvarez Hernández (born May 6, 1970) is a Nicaraguan former professional boxer who competed from 1992 to 2012. He is a world champion in two weight classes, having held the World Boxing Association (WBA) mini-flyweight title from 1995 to 1998, the WBA light-flyweight title from 2001 to 2004, and the inaugural Ring magazine light-flyweight title from 2003 to 2004.

The Ring (magazine)
The Ring (often called The Ring magazine or Ring magazine) is a boxing magazine, that was first published in 1922 as a boxing and wrestling magazine. As the sporting legitimacy of professional wrestling came more into question, The Ring shifted to becoming exclusively a boxing-oriented publication.

Ring began publishing annual ratings of boxers in 1924. With its November/December 2022 issue, the magazine stopped publication of its regular monthly print issues and will remain a digital publication, offering occasional special interest print issues.
Palestine national football team results (2010–2019)
This is a list of the Palestine national football team results from 2010 to 2019.

Palestinians continued to be unable to qualify for the World Cup finals as their qualifying campaign ended early. However, the closest chance to qualify was in 2018 when the Palestinian national team collected 14 points and was close to advancing to the crucial stage, but losing in the penultimate round ended their hopes. The Palestinian team failed to reach four tournaments in a row but managed to reach the last two Asian Cup finals, first in 2015. So far, the best Palestinian result in the tournament is still the group stage. In addition, the team has climbed to 73rd which is their best position in the FIFA World Rankings since the Palestinian Federation re-joined in 1998.

2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (AFC)
The Asian section of the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification acted as qualifiers for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, held in Russia, for national teams which were members of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC). 4.5 slots (four direct slots and one inter-confederation play-off slot) in the final tournament were available for AFC teams.

On 16 April 2014, the AFC Executive Committee approved a proposal to merge the preliminary qualification rounds of the FIFA World Cup and the AFC Asian Cup, which expanded to 24 teams starting in 2019. Therefore, the first two rounds of the FIFA World Cup qualifiers also acted as qualifiers for the 2019 AFC Asian Cup in the United Arab Emirates.
Oatman (surname)
Oatman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Billy Oatman (1965–2023), left-handed American ten-pin bowler and a member of the Professional Bowlers Association

Eddie Oatman (1889–1973), Canadian professional ice hockey player

Mary Ann Oatman (1844–1851), the sister of Olive Oatman, and a survivor of abuse by the Yavapai people

Olive Oatman (1837–1903), woman from Illinois who was famously abducted by a Native American tribe

Russell Oatman (1905–1964), Canadian professional ice hockey player

Billy Oatman
William Howard Oatman IV (December 1, 1965 – April 23, 2023) was a left-handed American ten-pin bowler and a member of the Professional Bowlers Association.

Born in Chicago, Oatman didn't start bowling until he was 40 years old, and was the oldest man to win the Rookie of the Year award, as well as the first African American to achieve this feat.

During his first year on tour, 2006–07, his PBA ranking was 37. He bowled four perfect 300 games in PBA competition. Oatman had bowled over 190 perfect 300 games and over 70 800 series.

At eight years of age, he was bowling in three leagues. He worked in his mother's health food store before becoming a PBA bowler. In the 2006–07 season he became the first ever African American PBA Rookie of the Year.
Icacina
Icacina is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Icacinaceae.

Its native range is Cape Verde, Western Tropical Africa to South Sudan and Angola.

Species:

Icacina claessensii De Wild.

Icacina guessfeldtii Asch. ex Engl.

Icacina mannii Oliv. (mutuo)

Icacina oliviformis (Poir.) J.Raynal (false yam)

Icacina trichantha Oliv. (urumbia, eriagbo, gbegbe)

Afrotropical realm
The Afrotropical realm is one of the Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Sub-Saharan Africa, the southern Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, and the islands of the western Indian Ocean. It was formerly known as the Ethiopian Zone or Ethiopian Region.
Fragoso (surname)
Fragoso is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

António Fragoso (1897–1918), Portuguese composer and pianist.

Daniel Fragoso (born 1982), Spanish footballer

Heleno Fragoso (1926–1985), Brazilian criminologist

Ignacio Fragoso (born 1968), Mexican long-distance runner

Javier Fragoso (1942–2014), Mexican former football player and manager

Juan de Matos Fragoso (c. 1608-1689?), Spanish dramatist

Margaux Fragoso (1979–2017), American memoirist

Thiago Fragoso (born 1981), Brazilian actor, voice actor and singer

Valdemar Gutiérrez Fragoso (born 1956), Mexican politician

Juan de Matos Fragoso
Juan de Matos Fragoso (c. 1608 – 1689), a Spanish dramatist of Portuguese descent, was born about 1608 at Alvito (Alentejo). After taking his degree in law at the University of Evora, he proceeded to Madrid, where he made acquaintance with Juan Pérez de Montalbán, and thus obtained an introduction to the stage. He quickly displayed great cleverness in hitting the public taste, and many contemporaries of superior talent eagerly sought his aid as a collaborator. The earliest of his printed plays is La defensa de la Fè y Principe prodigioso (1651), and twelve more pieces were published in 1658.

His popularity continued long after his death on January 4, 1689. Nevertheless, Matos Fragoso's dramas do not stand the test of reading. His emphatic preciosity and sophistical insistence on the point of honor are tedious and unconvincing; in La venganza en el despeño, in Á lo que obliga un agravio, and in other plays, he merely recasts, albeit very adroitly, works by Lope de Vega.
Wineman
Wineman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexis Wineman (born 1994), American beauty pageant titleholder and autism advocate

Danielle Wineman (born 1991 or 1992), American actress and beauty pageant titleholder, sister of Alexis

Vivian Wineman, British lawyer and Jewish community activist

Danielle Wineman
Danielle Wineman  is an American actress and beauty pageant titleholder from Cut Bank, Montana, who was named Montana's Junior Miss 2010 and crowned Miss Montana 2015. She competed for the Miss America 2016 title in September 2015. Her younger sister, Alexis Wineman, was crowned Miss Montana 2012.
2022 CAF Women's Champions League WAFU Zone B Qualifiers
Qualification for the 2022 CAF Women's Champions League for West African Football Union (WAFU) Zone B took place in Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast between 20 August and 2 September 2022 to qualify its representative  at the group stage in Morocco. Originally scheduled to be held in Abidjan, this edition was moved due to then-ongoing renovations at the stadiums situated there.

West African Football Union
The West African Football Union (French: Union des Fédérations Ouest-Africaines de Football; Portuguese: União das Federações Oeste Africanas), officially abbreviated as WAFU-UFOA and WAFU,  is a sports governing body representing the football associations in West Africa that was founded in 1975 and is a subregional body of the Confederation of African Football (CAF).

It mainly organizes qualifying tournaments/championships for the CAF Women's Champions League and CAF's national team competitions except the Africa Cup of Nations, but also organizes its own competitions, like the currently-inactive WAFU Nations Cup.