hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Abdulqadir al-Baghdadi
Dr. Abdulqadir Mohammed al-Baghdadi (1952 – August 2011, Tarhuna) was Secretary General of the People's Committee for Education of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi. He chaired the oil and gas council and the Libya Investment Authority.  He also served as the head liaison of Revolutionary Committees.  He was part of Gaddafi's inner circle. After the outbreak of the First Libyan Civil War, he was sanctioned by the United Nations Security Council.

He was an official in the Libyan Embassy in London on 17 April 1984, at the time WPC Yvonne Fletcher was shot outside the embassy.

His bullet-ridden body was found in Tarhuna in August 2011 shortly after the Fall of Tripoli.

Libyan Investment Authority
The Libyan Investment Authority (LIA; Arabic: المؤسسة الليبية للاستثمار) is a government-managed sovereign wealth fund and holding company headquartered in Tripoli, Libya. It was established on August 28, 2006, by Decree 208 of the General People's Committee of Libya (GPC), after the lifting of economic sanctions that had previously precluded foreign investment in Libya. The LIA oversees and manages investments in various areas including agriculture, real estate, infrastructure, oil and gas and in shares and bonds. It is Africa's largest sovereign wealth fund. The fund is a member of the International Forum of Sovereign Wealth Funds and is therefore signed up to the Santiago Principles on best practice in managing sovereign wealth funds. As of 2019, the date of its last valuation, the fund owns US$68 billion in assets.
GraphML
GraphML is an XML-based file format for graphs. The GraphML file format results from the joint effort of the graph drawing community to define a common format for exchanging graph structure data. It uses an XML-based syntax and supports the entire range of possible graph structure constellations including directed, undirected, mixed graphs, hypergraphs, and application-specific attributes.

Graph drawing
Graph drawing is an area of mathematics and computer science combining methods from geometric graph theory and information visualization to derive two-dimensional (or, sometimes, three-dimensional) depictions of graphs arising from applications such as social network analysis, cartography, linguistics, and bioinformatics.

A drawing of a graph or network diagram is a pictorial representation of the vertices and edges of a graph. This drawing should not be confused with the graph itself: very different layouts can correspond to the same graph.  In the abstract, all that matters is which pairs of vertices are connected by edges.  In the concrete, however, the arrangement of these vertices and edges within a drawing affects its understandability, usability, fabrication cost, and aesthetics. The problem gets worse if the graph changes over time by adding and deleting edges (dynamic graph drawing) and the goal is to preserve the user's mental map.
Alexander Struthers Finlay
Alexander Struthers Finlay (20 July 1807 – 9 June 1886) was a Scottish Liberal Party politician who served as the member of parliament (MP) for Argyllshire 1857–68.

He was a deputy lieutenant for Argyllshire and Buteshire and a magistrate. He was the son of Kirkman Finlay, MP for Glasgow.

His son, Alexander Kirkman Finlay, married Nora Robinson, the daughter of Sir Hercules Robinson, then Governor of New South Wales, in one of the most celebrated weddings of colonial Australia.

Argyllshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Argyllshire was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1708 to 1800 and of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 until 1983. The constituency was named Argyll from 1950. The constituency was replaced in 1983 with Argyll and Bute.

It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) using the first-past-the-post voting system.
Brauer–Wall group
In mathematics, the Brauer–Wall group or super Brauer group or graded Brauer group for a field F is a group BW(F) classifying finite-dimensional graded central division algebras over the field.  It was first defined by Terry Wall (1964) as a generalization of the Brauer group.

The Brauer group of a field F is the set of the similarity classes of finite-dimensional central simple algebras over F under the operation of tensor product, where two algebras are called similar if the commutants of their simple modules are isomorphic. Every similarity class contains a unique division algebra, so the elements of the Brauer group can also be identified with isomorphism classes of finite-dimensional central division algebras. The analogous construction for Z/2Z-graded algebras defines the Brauer–Wall group BW(F).

Graded ring
In mathematics, in particular abstract algebra, a graded ring is a ring such that the underlying additive group is a direct sum of abelian groups  such that ⁠⁠. The index set is usually the set of nonnegative integers or the set of integers, but can be any monoid. The direct sum decomposition is usually referred to as gradation or grading.

A graded module is defined similarly (see below for the precise definition). It generalizes graded vector spaces. A graded module that is also a graded ring is called a graded algebra. A graded ring could also be viewed as a graded ⁠⁠-algebra.

The associativity is not important (in fact not used at all) in the definition of a graded ring; hence, the notion applies to non-associative algebras as well; e.g., one can consider a graded Lie algebra.
Bellampalli Assembly constituency
Bellampalli Assembly constituency is one of the 119 constituencies of Telangana Legislative Assembly. It is located in Mancherial district of the state of Telangana. It is one of the seven assembly segments of Peddapalli Lok Sabha constituency.

Gaddam Vinod is the current MLA of the constituency, having won the 2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election from Indian National Congress.

2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election
The 2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election was held on 30 November 2023 to elect all 119 members of Telangana Legislative Assembly for its third term. The votes were counted and the results were declared on 3 December 2023.

The Indian National Congress (INC) along with its ally Communist Party of India (CPI) won a majority with 65 seats against the incumbent Bharat Rashtra Samithi (BRS)'s 39 seats. With a victory for the first time after the formation of Telangana, it strengthened its position in southern India following its recent success in Karnataka. The BRS and then-CM K. Chandrashekar Rao suffered a major loss in the elections by losing in one of his contended seats after being in power for two terms.
2020 Slovak Open – Doubles
Frederik Nielsen and Tim Pütz were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Harri Heliövaara and Emil Ruusuvuori won the title after defeating Lukáš Klein and Alex Molčan 6–4, 6–3 in the final.

Harri Heliövaara
Harri Heliövaara (born 4 June 1989) is a Finnish professional tennis player. He has been ranked by the ATP as high as world No. 3 in doubles, achieved on 31 March 2025. He also attained his career-high singles ranking of No. 194 in December 2011. Heliövaara is a three-time Grand Slam champion in both doubles, at the 2024 Wimbledon Championships and at the 2025 Australian Open with Henry Patten and in mixed doubles at the 2023 US Open with Anna Danilina. He has won 15 titles on the ATP Tour.

He has also won 20 ITF Futures in doubles and eight ITF Futures tournaments in singles. He won the 2007 Australian Open boys' doubles title with Graeme Dyce. Heliövaara announced his retirement from professional tennis in 2013 but made a comeback in 2017.
QPac
QPac is the debut studio album by American rapper Quando Rondo. It was released on January 10, 2020, by Never Broke Again and Atlantic Records, following his 2019 mixtape From the Neighborhood to the Stage. The album's name makes reference to 2Pac. It features guest appearances from 2 Chainz, A Boogie wit da Hoodie, Lil Durk, Luh Kel and Polo G. The album also features production from several prestigious artists such as CashMoneyAP, jetsonmade, MP808, Tahj Money, and TnTXD.

QPac was supported by five singles: "Just Keep Going", "Double C's", "Marvelous" featuring Polo G, "Collect Calls", and "Bad Vibe" featuring A Boogie wit da Hoodie and 2 Chainz.  The album received generally positive reviews from music critics. It debuted at number 22 on the US Billboard 200 chart, earning 20,000 album-equivalent units in its first week.

Polo G
Taurus Tremani Bartlett (born January 6, 1999), known professionally as Polo G, is an American rapper, singer, and songwriter. He rose to prominence with his singles "Finer Things" and "Pop Out" (featuring Lil Tjay). His debut album Die a Legend (2019) peaked at number six on the US Billboard 200 and was certified double platinum by the RIAA, a feat matched by his two subsequent albums.

Bartlett's second studio album, The Goat (2020), peaked at number two on the Billboard 200 and contained ten songs which charted on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. His third studio album, Hall of Fame (2021), was met with continued success as it became Bartlett's first chart-topping album, also spawning his first number-one single, "Rapstar".
Yashica Electro 35
The Electro 35 is a rangefinder camera made by Japanese company Yashica from the mid-1960s with a coupled and fixed 1:1.7 45 mm lens. It was the first electronically controlled camera, operating mainly in an aperture priority 'auto' mode. The only other modes of operation are 'flash' (1/30) and 'bulb'.

Aperture priority
Aperture priority, often abbreviated A or Av (for aperture value) on a camera mode dial, is a mode on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture value (f-number) while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it that will result in proper exposure based on the lighting conditions as measured by the camera's light meter. This is different from manual mode, where the user must decide both values, shutter priority where the user picks a shutter speed with the camera selecting an appropriate aperture, or program mode where the camera selects both.
Outcast (magazine)
Outcast was a controversial "queer" magazine in the United Kingdom. It was launched as a non-profitmaking project by Chris Morris in 1999.

Contributors included Mayor Ken Livingstone, Liberal Democrat leader Charles Kennedy, Foreign Office minister Ben Bradshaw, Mark Simpson, John Hein, David Borrow and Peter Tatchell amongst many others.

Mark Simpson (journalist)
Mark Simpson is an English journalist, writer, and broadcaster specialising in popular culture, media, and masculinity. Simpson is the originator of the term and concept metrosexual. He has been described by one critic as "the skinhead Oscar Wilde". David Bowie referred to being metrosexual in an interview on the Dinah Shore show in the year 1976, the video is available on YouTube.
Athletics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's pole vault
The women's pole vault at the 2008 Summer Olympics took place between August 16 and 18 at the Beijing National Stadium.

The qualifying standards were 4.45 m (A standard) and 4.30 m (B standard).

The final was won by 25 cm by Yelena Isinbayeva, who set a new world record height of 5.05 meters for the discipline.  As of 2023, this winning margin remains unmatched.

During the finals, one of the poles which Brazilian Fabiana Murer would use disappeared, causing her to spend 10–15 minutes trying to get it back. The lost time and having to use another pole led her to bad results. Murer complained about the organization, and would only return to China 7 years later at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics, this time winning a silver medal.

Fabiana Murer
Fabiana de Almeida Murer (born 16 March 1981) is a retired Brazilian pole vaulter. She holds the South American record in the event with an indoor best of 4.82 m and an outdoor best of 4.87 m, making her the fourth highest vaulter ever at the time, now the eighth. She won gold medals at the 2011 World Championships, 2010 World Indoor Championships, and 2007 Pan American Games. Murer represented Brazil at the 2008, 2012 and 2016 Summer Olympics. She is a four-time South American Champion with wins in 2006, 2007, 2009 and 2011. Murer was coached by both the Ukrainian Vitaly Petrov, who managed the world record holders Sergei Bubka and Yelena Isinbayeva, and her husband, Élson Miranda de Souza, a former pole vaulter himself.
St. Valentin auf der Haide
St. Valentin auf der Haide (Italian: San Valentino alla Muta) is a village in South Tyrol in the parish of Graun im Vinschgau in Italy. The village on the Reschen Pass lies at a height of 1,472 metres between the Haidersee and Reschensee on the scree slope of the Mals Heath. St. Valentin auf der Haide has about 800 inhabitants who predominantly earn a living from summer and winter tourism.

St. Valentin also has a ski resort, Haideralm, which is part of the Skiparadies Reschenpass. Since 1965 St. Valentin has been twinned with the municipal district of Überlingen in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

Reschen Pass
Reschen Pass (German: Reschenpass, pronounced [ˈrɛʃn̩ˌpas] ⓘ; Italian: Passo di Resia [ˈpasso di ˈrɛːzja]) is a mountain pass across the main chain of the Alps, connecting the Upper Inn Valley in the northwest with the Vinschgau region in the southeast. Since 1919, the border between South Tyrol, Italy and Tyrol, Austria has approximately followed the watershed, the pass summit at a height of 1,504 metres (4,934 ft) being completely on Italian territory.
Yusuf Yaska
Yusuf Yaska (Kurdish: یۆسف یاسکە, 1592-1636) was a Kurdish poet, considered, along with Mistefa Bêsaranî, to be one of the early members of Gorani poetry after Mele Perîşan. The content of his ghazals were about love and nature. Little is known about his personal life, yet Minorsky wrote that Yaska was executed by immurement after his master Khan Ahmad Khan Ardalan of Ardalan suspected him of dallying with his wife, daughter of Shah Abbas.

Vladimir Minorsky
Vladimir Fyodorovich Minorsky (Russian: Владимир Фёдорович Минорский; 5 February [O.S. 24 February] 1877 – 25 March 1966) was a White Russian academic, historian, and scholar of Oriental studies, best known for his contributions to the study of history of Iran and the Iranian peoples such as Persians, Lurs, and Kurds in addition to the Kartvelian Laz people.
White Pagoda Park
The White Pagoda Park (simplified Chinese: 白塔公园; traditional Chinese: 白塔公園; pinyin: Bái Tǎ Gōngyuán), or romanised as the Baita Park, is a park in Shangcheng, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. The park opened on 1 May 2014. On the north bank of Qiantang River and the south border of the West Lake Scenic Area, the park is part of the Grand Canal National Cultural Park in Hangzhou. Within the park, there are the White Pagoda that can date back to the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period and the historical relics of the Jianggan-Gongshu Railway, which was opened in 1908 as the first railway in Zhejiang.

Liuhe Pagoda
30°11′53.70″N 120°07′35.70″E﻿ / ﻿30.1982500°N 120.1265833°E﻿ / 30.1982500; 120.1265833

Liuhe Pagoda (Chinese: 六和塔; pinyin: Liùhé Tǎ; Wu: Loh-vhu Da), literally Six Harmonies Pagoda, is a multi-story Chinese pagoda in southern Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China. It is located at the foot of Yuelun Hill, facing the Qiantang River. It was originally constructed in 970 by the Wuyue Kingdom, destroyed in 1121, and reconstructed fully by 1165, during the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279).
Cesária
Cesária is the fifth album by Cesária Évora.  The album, consisting of Cape Verdean morna and coladeira songs, was released by Paris-based Lusafrica on 18 July 1995.  The album was nominated for a Grammy Award in the World Music category in 1996.

It was certified gold in France by SNEP which sold more than 100,000 copies. As of 1997, in United States the album has sold 150,000 copies.

Lusafrica
Lusafrica, full name: Productions Lusafrica (French for Lusafrica Productions) is a multinational record label company based in Paris, France.  The company was founded in 1988 by José da Silva (born in 1959 in Praia, Cape Verde). It was the first multinational record company to open in Cape Verde and one of the first in France.  It is the main African label in France.

The company had originally produced records by artists mainly from Cape Verde and other lusophone countries. Since, the company has been recorded by artists from the United States, Cuba, Brazil and France.
Sena Yamada
Sena Yamada (山田 誓己, Yamada Sena; born 17 February 1994 in Tochigi Prefecture) is a Japanese Grand Prix motorcycle racer. He currently competes in the Asia Road Race Supersport 600 Championship aboard a Honda CBR600RR. In 2016, he currently competes in the FIM CEV Moto2 European Championship aboard a Kalex Moto2.

Yamada has also previously competed in his native Japan, in the Motegi GP125 Championship, the Tsukuba GP125 Championship, the All Japan Road Race GP125 Championship and the All Japan Road Race J-GP3 Championship, where he was champion in 2013 and 2014. In 2015, Yamada moved to Europe and competed in the FIM CEV Moto3 Junior World Championship.

Tochigi Prefecture
Tochigi Prefecture (栃木県, Tochigi-ken) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Tochigi Prefecture has a population of 1,897,649 (1 June 2023) and has a geographic area of 6,408 km2 (2,474 sq mi). Tochigi Prefecture borders Fukushima Prefecture to the north, Gunma Prefecture to the west, Saitama Prefecture to the south, and Ibaraki Prefecture to the southeast.

Utsunomiya is the capital and largest city of Tochigi Prefecture, with other major cities including Oyama, Tochigi, and Ashikaga. Tochigi Prefecture is one of only eight landlocked prefectures and its mountainous northern region is a popular tourist region in Japan. The Nasu area is known for its onsens, local sake, and ski resorts, the villa of the Imperial Family, and the Nasushiobara station of the Shinkansen railway line. The city of Nikkō, with its ancient Shintō shrines and Buddhist temples, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Big River (Southland)
The Big River has also been known by several other names, Windsor River and Māori names Hakapoua, Okopowa, Patu-po, or Patupō, though that last name, meaning kill by night, might refer to a place near Long Point and Waitutu. It is a river of southern Fiordland, New Zealand, and is one of four rivers of that name in the South Island. It is the main source of Lake Hakapoua and a lower stretch is the lake's 2-kilometre (1.2 mi) outflow to the sea. The river rises on the 1,123 m (3,684 ft) high Arnett Peak, in the Cameron Mountains, runs about 23 km (14 mi) to the lake. At about the mid point of the river it runs through a narrow gorge. Elsewhere it is generally very shallow. The river is in the Fiordland National Park.

The area was used by Kāti Mamoe and later by Ngāi Tahu.

In 1903, when the area was first surveyed, whio, swan, kākāpō, weka and kākā were common. A taihoropī (grebe) has been reported on the lake. Red deer are common in the area.

Hoary-headed grebe
The hoary-headed grebe (Poliocephalus poliocephalus) is a member of the grebe family. It breeds in southern parts of Australia; it winters throughout the island of Tasmania. The bird takes its name from the silvery-white streaking on its black head. It is common in Australia, with a population of about 500,000. Its habitat is similar to that of the Australasian grebe.
Ibex Hills
The Ibex Hills are a mountain range in Inyo County and San Bernardino County, California. The highest elevation is 3747 feet. The southern hills are in the southeastern corner of Death Valley National Park. The northern hills, east of  the park, are in the Ibex Wilderness, managed by the Bureau of Land Management.

Inyo County, California
Inyo County (/ˈɪnjoʊ/ ⓘ) is a county in the eastern central part of the U.S. state of California, located between the Sierra Nevada and the state of Nevada. In the 2020 census, the population was 19,016. The county seat is Independence. Inyo County is on the east side of the Sierra Nevada and southeast of Yosemite National Park in Central California. It contains the Owens River Valley; it is flanked to the west by the Sierra Nevada and to the east by the White Mountains and the Inyo Mountains. Mono County is to the north. With an area of 10,192 square miles (26,400 km2), Inyo is the second-largest county by area in California, after San Bernardino County which is directly south of Inyo County. Almost half of Inyo County's area is within Death Valley National Park. However, with a population density of 1.8 people per square mile, it also has the second-lowest population density in California, after Alpine County.
Pitting corrosion
Pitting corrosion, or pitting, is a form of extremely localized corrosion that leads to the random creation of small holes in metal. The driving power for pitting corrosion is the depassivation of a small area, which becomes anodic (oxidation reaction) while an unknown but potentially vast area becomes cathodic (reduction reaction), leading to very localized galvanic corrosion. The corrosion penetrates the mass of the metal, with a limited diffusion of ions.

Another term arises, pitting factor, which is defined as the ratio of the depth of the deepest pit (from localized corrosion) to the average penetration depth (mean thickness of the corrosion layer produced by the general uniform corrosion), which can be calculated based on the weight loss and corrosion products density.

Aqueous solution
An aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is water. It is mostly shown in chemical equations by appending (aq) to the relevant chemical formula. For example, a solution of table salt, also known as sodium chloride (NaCl), in water would be represented as Na+(aq) + Cl−(aq). The word aqueous (which comes from aqua) means pertaining to, related to, similar to, or dissolved in, water. As water is an excellent solvent and is also naturally abundant, it is a ubiquitous solvent in chemistry. Since water is frequently used as the solvent in experiments, the word solution refers to an aqueous solution, unless the solvent is specified.

A non-aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is a liquid, but is not water.
Rence van der Wal
Rence van der Wal (born May 2, 1989, in Ede, Gelderland) is a Dutch footballer, who played as a striker at the first division club Go Ahead Eagles from Deventer.

Van der Wal made his debut for Go Ahead Eagles on January 13, 2006. He once was wanted by many Eredivisie clubs but he decided to stay with Go Ahead Eagles. His decision was based on a talk he had with Marc Overmars who also began his career there. Now, he plays for DTS'35 Ede.

As of the 2009–2010 season, Rence van der Wal will be playing for Dutch top first division club SC Cambuur.

Go Ahead Eagles
The Go Ahead Eagles are a Dutch professional football club from the city of Deventer in the province of Overijssel. They play in the Eredivisie, the top tier of Dutch football, having achieved promotion from the second tier Eerste Divisie in the 2020–21 season. The club's home stadium since 1920 is De Adelaarshorst. The club have won the national championship on four occasions: in 1917, 1922, 1930 and 1933. They also won the KNVB Cup in 2025 for the first time.

The Go Ahead Eagles have produced numerous notable players including Raimond van der Gouw, René Eijkelkamp, Marc Overmars, Paul Bosvelt, Jan Kromkamp, Victor Sikora, Bert van Marwijk and Demy de Zeeuw while providing Henk ten Cate, Erik ten Hag and Leo Beenhakker with their first tastes of management.