hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Type II string theory
In theoretical physics, type II string theory is a unified term that includes both type IIA strings and type IIB strings theories. Type II string theory accounts for two of the five consistent superstring theories in ten dimensions. Both theories have  extended supersymmetry which is maximal amount of supersymmetry — namely 32 supercharges — in ten dimensions. Both theories are based on oriented closed strings. On the worldsheet, they differ only in the choice of GSO projection. They were first discovered by Michael Green and John Henry Schwarz in 1982, with the terminology of type I and type II coined to classify the three string theories known at the time.

Supercharge
In theoretical physics, a supercharge is a generator of supersymmetry transformations. It is an example of the general notion of a charge in physics.

Supercharge, denoted by the symbol Q, is an operator which transforms bosons into fermions, and vice versa.  Since the supercharge operator changes a particle with spin one-half to a particle with spin one or zero, the supercharge itself is a spinor that carries one half unit of spin.

Depending on the context, supercharges may also be called Grassmann variables or Grassmann directions; they are generators of the exterior algebra of anti-commuting numbers, the Grassmann numbers. All these various usages are essentially synonymous; they refer to the  grading between bosons and fermions, or equivalently, the grading between c-numbers and a-numbers.  Calling it a charge emphasizes the notion of a symmetry at work.
Fredrik Rydman
Fredrik "Benke" Rydman (born 29 August 1974) is one of the members from Bounce Streetdance Company. He was also a judge on the first season of So You Think You Can Dance Scandinavia.

Rydman choreographed the opening number at the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 in Malmö on 14 May. In 2015, Rydman co-developed and choreographed the stage presentation of Måns Zelmerlöw's song "Heroes", for both Melodifestivalen 2015 and the performance which went on to win the Eurovision Song Contest 2015.

Heroes (Måns Zelmerlöw song)
"Heroes" is a song recorded by Swedish singer Måns Zelmerlöw written and composed by Anton Malmberg Hård af Segerstad, Joy Deb, and Linnea Deb. It was released on 28 February 2015 as a digital download in Sweden. It won the Melodifestivalen 2015 and represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 held in Vienna, which it also won. It is the lead single for Zelmerlöw's sixth studio album Perfectly Damaged.
Niflhel
Niflhel ("Misty Hel"; Nifel meaning fog) is a location in Norse mythology which appears in the eddic poems Vafþrúðnismál and Baldrs draumar, and also in Snorri Sturluson's Gylfaginning. According to Snorri Sturluson's work, Niflhel could be interpreted as the lowest level of Hel, but Niflhel and sometimes Hel are conflated with the concept of Niflheim, a term which originates with Sturluson.

Vafþrúðnismál
Vafþrúðnismál (Old Norse: 'The Lay of Vafþrúðnir') is the third poem in the Poetic Edda. It is a conversation in verse form conducted initially between the Æsir Odin and Frigg, and subsequently between Odin and the jötunn Vafþrúðnir, as they engage in a battle of wits. The poem goes into detail about the Norse cosmogony and was evidently used extensively as a source document by Snorri Sturluson in the construction of the Prose Edda who quotes it. The poem is preserved in Codex Regius and partially in AM 748 I 4to. There are preservation problems relating to stanzas 40-41. Vafþrúðnismál is believed to be a 10th century poem.
Palazzo della Ragione Madonna
The Palazzo della Ragione Madonna is a fragment of a fresco of c. 1509–1510 by the Italian Renaissance painter and architect Bramantino, originally on the façade of the Palazzo della Ragione, Milan, and now in the Pinacoteca di Brera in the same city. Due to a reference by Giovanni Paolo Lomazzo it was long misattributed to Bramante, until it entered its present home  in 1808.

Pinacoteca di Brera
The Pinacoteca di Brera ("Brera Art Gallery") is the main public gallery for paintings in Milan, Italy. It contains one of the foremost collections of Italian paintings from the 13th to the 20th century, an outgrowth of the cultural program of the Brera Academy, which shares the site in the Palazzo Brera.
Rabindra Debbarma
Rabindra Debbarma (born 12 January 1965) is an Indian Tiprasa politician from Tripura who is an Executive Member of the Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council (TTAADA) from Simna-Tamakari constituency. He is also the Chief Whip of TIPRA Motha Party in TTAADC.

Chief Whip
The Chief Whip is a political leader whose task is to enforce the whipping system, which aims to ensure that legislators who are members of a political party attend and vote on legislation as the party leadership prescribes.
Natan Eidelman
Natan Yakovlevich Eidelman (Russian: Ната́н Я́ковлевич Эйдельма́н) (18 April 1930 – 29 November 1989) was a Soviet Russian author and historian who was born and died in Moscow, who wrote several books on about the life and work of Alexander Pushkin, Decembrists Sergey Muravyov-Apostol and Mikhail Lunin, and historian Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin. He is the father of Tamara Eidelman.

Nikolay Karamzin
Nikolay Mikhailovich Karamzin (12 December [O.S. 1 December] 1766 – 3 June [O.S. 22 May] 1826) was a Russian historian, writer, poet and critic. He is best remembered for his fundamental History of the Russian State, a 12-volume national history.
Ruf Turbo R
The Ruf Turbo R, sometimes stylized as TurboR, is a sports car built by Ruf Automobile of Germany. It is based on the 993 generation Porsche 911 Turbo. It was introduced in 1998 after the discontinuation of the CTR2 (another 993 generation based car), however Ruf still wanted a supercar offering to be available and so the Turbo R became the supercar offering from Ruf for the 1998 model year and endured a very short production run of only one year. After 1998, Ruf continued to offer both partial and full Turbo R conversions for existing 911s well into the 2000s, but those cars retained the original Porsche VINs.

Ruf Automobile
Ruf Automobile GmbH (stylized as RUF) is a German car manufacturer. Formerly using Porsche bodies in white to build cars, today they build vehicles on their own bodies and chassis.  They also manufacture performance parts for various Porsche models, including the 911, Boxster, and Cayman.

The company rose to fame when in 1987, its Porsche-derived CTR reached 339 km/h (211 mph), surpassing the Ferrari F40's claimed top speed of 321 km/h (199 mph).
Beatriz Clara Coya
Beatriz Clara Coya (1556 – 1600) was a princess (ñusta) of the Inca Empire.

She was born to Sapa Inca Sayri Túpac (r 1545–1561) and Cusi Huarcay.

She married Martín García Óñez de Loyola and was the mother of Ana María de Loyola Coya.

Sayri Túpac
Sayri Túpac (1534/1535 – 1560) was an Inca ruler in Peru. He was a son of siblings Manco Inca Yupanqui and Cura Ocllo.: 10  After the death of his mother in 1539 and of his father in 1544, both at the hands of Spanish conquerors, he became the ruler of the Neo-Inca State in Vilcabamba. He ruled until his death in 1560.
2013 IAAF Hammer Throw Challenge
The 2013 IAAF Hammer Throw Challenge was the fourth edition of the annual, global series of hammer throw competitions organised by the International Association of Athletics Federations. The winners were Paweł Fajdek (244.23 metres) and Anita Włodarczyk (233.83 metres), both of Poland. Both the final scores were records for the challenge.

A total of fifteen meetings featured on the circuit, with nine women's and nine men's contests spread across those events. The point scoring format was cumulative – the final standings were decided by the sum of athletes' three best throws on the circuit. Only the best throw by an athlete from each meet was taken into consideration.

Anita Włodarczyk
Anita Włodarczyk (Polish pronunciation: [aˈɲita vwɔˈdart͡ʂɨk]; born 8 August 1985) is a Polish hammer thrower. She is the 2012, 2016 and 2020 Olympic champion, and the first woman in history to throw the hammer over 80 m; she currently holds the women's world record of 82.98 m. She is considered the greatest female hammer thrower of all time.

She was voted the Polish Sports Personality of the Year in 2016 and received the Commander's Cross with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta in 2021 for her outstanding achievements in sport.
Gozdków, Łódź Voivodeship
Gozdków [ˈɡɔstkuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Witonia, within Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north-west of Witonia, 14 km (9 mi) north of Łęczyca, and 46 km (29 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

Łęczyca County
Łęczyca County (Polish: powiat łęczycki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Łęczyca, which lies 35 kilometres (22 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 774 square kilometres (298.8 sq mi). As of 2006, its total population was 53,435, out of which the population of Łęczyca was 15,423 and the rural population was 38,012.
Vannoni
Vannoni is an Italian surname, derived from the given name Giovanni via the hypocorism Vanni. Notable people with the surname include:

Davide Vannoni (1967–2019), Italian academic, pseudoscientist and convicted criminal

Yolande Vannoni (1923–2016), French table tennis player

Yolande Vannoni
Yolande Vannoni (née Logelin, 11 June 1923 – September 2016) was a French female international table tennis player.

Vannoni won a bronze medal at the 1949 World Table Tennis Championships in the Corbillon Cup (women's team event) with Huguette Béolet and Jeanne Delay for France.

Vannoni also won six French national titles from 1943 to 1953 which included four singles titles.
Basingtharpur
Wasingtharpu is a  Ward under the Aamchowk Rural Municipality in Bhojpur District in Province No. 1 of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1738 persons living in 324 individual households.

Bhojpur District, Nepal
Bhojpur District (Nepali: भोजपुर जिल्ला [bʱod͡zpur] ⓘ) is one of 14 districts of Koshi Province of eastern Nepal. The district's area is 1,507 km2 with a population of 182,459 (2011). The administrative center is Bhojpur. It is surrounded by Dhankuta and Sankhuwasabha in the east, Khotang in the west, again Sankhuwasabha in north-east, Solukhumbu in the north-west and Udayapur in the South.
Nuutinen
Nuutinen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Emma Nuutinen (born 1996), Finnish ice hockey player

Harri Nuutinen (born 1962), Finnish singer

Matti Nuutinen (born 1990), Finnish basketball player

Mikko Nuutinen (born 1990), Finnish ice hockey player

Emma Nuutinen
Emma Nuutinen (born 7 December 1996) is a Finnish ice hockey forward. She plays in the Auroraliiga with Kiekko-Espoo.

As a member of the Finnish national ice hockey team, she participated in the Winter Olympic Games in 2014, 2018, and 2026, and won Olmypic bronze at the 2018 Games.
Eikonal approximation
In theoretical physics, the eikonal approximation (Greek εἰκών for likeness, icon or image) is an approximative method useful in wave scattering equations, which occur in optics, seismology, quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics, and partial wave expansion.

Quantum electrodynamics
In particle physics, quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics. In essence, it describes how light and matter interact and is the first theory where full agreement between quantum mechanics and special relativity is achieved. QED mathematically describes all phenomena involving electrically charged particles interacting by means of exchange of photons and represents the quantum counterpart of classical electromagnetism giving a complete account of matter and light interaction.

In technical terms, QED can be described as a perturbation theory of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum. Richard Feynman called it "the jewel of physics" for its extremely accurate predictions of quantities like the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron and the Lamb shift of the energy levels of hydrogen.: Ch1  It is the most precise and stringently tested theory in physics.
Divine (Blinded Colony album)
Divine was the first major release by Swedish melodic death metal band Blinded Colony. It would be the first and last album to feature singer Niklas Svensson. This would also be the only album they released under the Scarlet Records banner. It would be released thoroughly in Europe via Scarlet Records and in Japan through Soundholic Records.

Scarlet Records
Scarlet Records is an Italian independent record label based in Milan. It is most notable for featuring two side projects from Soilwork front-man Björn "Speed" Strid, as well as bands like Agent Steel, Royal Hunt, Skyclad, Eldritch, Hatesphere, Labyrinth, Dark Moor, DGM and more. Founded in 1998, Scarlet Records has released more than 400 albums. In 2011 Scarlet Records entered a distribution deal with Entertainment One Distribution for the North American distribution of its new releases and extensive physical and digital catalog. In 2021 become a limited company.
Whiteout Conditions
Whiteout Conditions is the seventh studio album by Canadian indie rock band The New Pornographers. It was released on April 7, 2017, and is the first album not to feature either longtime drummer Kurt Dahle or singer-songwriter Dan Bejar.

The band released the first single "High Ticket Attractions" on January 27, 2017.

Kurt Dahle
Kurt Colin Dahle is a Juno Award winning, Grammy nominated Canadian musician. Dahle is best known for his work as a drummer and vocalist with the rock bands Age of Electric, Limblifter, and The New Pornographers. He is a multi-instrumentalist who plays drums, keyboard, organ, guitar, saxophone and bass.
Anglerne Annelus
Anglerne "Angie" Annelus (/ˈændʒəliːn/ AN-jə-leen; born January 10, 1997) is an American sprinter. She was the 2018 champion in the women's 200-meter dash at the NCAA Division I Championships despite several months of injury, and successfully defended her title in 2019, out-leaning world under-20 record holder Sha'Carri Richardson by less than a hundredth of a second.

She placed third in the 200 m at the 2019 U.S. Championships, qualifying to represent the United States at the 2019 World Athletics Championships in Doha. In Doha she progressed to the final and placed fourth.

Annelus' father Annessoir was born in Artibonite, Haiti, where he was a captured prisoner as a result of coup d'état. He managed to escape and emigrated to Kansas City shortly after and was a pardoned refugee.

2019 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 2019 USA Track & Field Outdoor Championships were held at Drake Stadium on the campus of Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa. Organized by USA Track & Field, the four-day competition took place from July 25–28 and served as the national championships in track and field for the United States.
Waking the Fallen
Waking the Fallen is the second studio album by American heavy metal band Avenged Sevenfold, released on August 26, 2003, through Hopeless Records. It is the band's first full-length album with new lead guitarist Synyster Gates and bassist Johnny Christ.

The album was certified gold on July 15, 2009, even though it only sold 3,000 copies on its first week of release. As of August 2014, the album has sold over 693,000 copies in the United States. As of March 17, 2021, the album has been certified Platinum in the United States and Gold in both Canada and the United Kingdom. The song "Eternal Rest" appears on Kerrang!'s "666 Songs You Must Own" and was featured on the soundtrack to the movie Saw IV (2007).

Loudwire
Loudwire is an American online media magazine that covers news of hard rock and heavy metal artists. It is owned by media and entertainment business Townsquare Media. Since its launch in August 2011, Loudwire has secured exclusive interviews with high-profile artists such as Slipknot, Ozzy Osbourne, Metallica, Judas Priest, Guns N' Roses, Megadeth, Iron Maiden, Kiss, Mötley Crüe, Suicidal Tendencies and many others. Loudwire has also exclusively premiered new material from Judas Priest, Anthrax, Jane's Addiction, Stone Sour, Phil Anselmo, and many more of rock and metal's notable acts.

Loudwire Nights and Loudwire Weekend are Townsquare's nationally syndicated radio programs, airing on its rock stations throughout the country.

One of Loudwire's web series is Wikipedia: Fact or Fiction?.
Trump Guy
"Trump Guy" is the eleventh episode of the seventeenth season of the animated sitcom Family Guy, and the 320th episode overall. It aired on Fox in the United States on January 13, 2019, and is written by Patrick Meighan and directed by Joe Vaux. Family Guy follows an American nuclear family led by oafish Peter Griffin in the fictional New England town of Quahog. Continuing from "Hefty Shades of Gray," Griffin is invited by Donald Trump to become the White House Press Secretary.

Although the producers of Family Guy have mocked Trump as well as many prominent Republican figures in the past, this was the first episode focused on Trump.

Joe Vaux
Joseph S. Vaux (born 1972, in Islip, New York) is an American animator and artist who works as a storyboard artist and animation director on Family Guy. Vaux created the artwork for the character Goliath on the TV series Resident Alien. He lives in Culver City, California.
French destroyer Sarbacane
Sarbacane was a Arquebuse-class destroyer contre-torpilleur d'escadre built for the French Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. Completed in 1903, the ship was initially assigned to the Mediterranean Squadron (Escadre de la Méditerranée).

Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean (France)
The French Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean, also known as CECMED (French for Commandant en chef pour la Méditerranée), is a French Armed Forces regional commander. The officeholder, who commands the Mediterranean zone, region, and maritime arrondissement, is usually an admiral of the French Navy, under the direct authority of the French Chief of the Defence Staff. As of 2015 the position was held by Admiral Yann Tainguy.

CECMED today is simultaneously:

Commander of the region and the Mediterranean maritime arrondissement,

Maritime zone commander,

Maritime prefect for the Mediterranean.

Today the main French naval combat force in the Mediterranean is the Force d'action navale (FAN) headquartered at Toulon. The admiral commanding the Naval Action Force (ALFAN) is responsible to the Chief of Staff of the French Navy formerly at Rue Royale in Paris.
170 Maria
170 Maria is a Main belt asteroid that was discovered by French astronomer Henri Joseph Perrotin on January 10, 1877. Its orbit was computed by Antonio Abetti, and the asteroid was named after his sister, Maria. This is the namesake of the Maria asteroid family; one of the first asteroid families to be identified by Japanese astronomer Kiyotsugu Hirayama in 1918. This family may be the parent body of the large near-Earth objects 433 Eros and 1036 Ganymed.

In the Tholen classification system, this is categorized as a stony S-type asteroid based on its spectrum. Observations performed at the Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado Springs, Colorado during 2007 produced a light curve with a period of 13.120 ± 0.002 hours and a brightness range of 0.21 ± 0.02 in magnitude. Previous measurements from 2000 gave 13.14 and 5.510 hour estimates for the period.

An occultation of a star by Maria was observed from Manitoba, Canada, on June 10, 1997.

Kiyotsugu Hirayama
Kiyotsugu Hirayama (平山 清次, Hirayama Kiyotsugu; October 3, 1874 – April 8, 1943) was a Japanese astronomer, best known for his discovery that many asteroid orbits were more similar to one another than chance would allow, leading to the concept of asteroid families, now called "Hirayama families" in his honour.
Harri Jones
Harrison Edward "Harri" Jones (born 2 June 1999) is an Australian racing driver. He is the 2022 and 2024 Porsche Carrera Cup Australia Champion, a co-driver for Team 18 in the 2025 Supercars Championship, and previous driver for BWT Lechner Racing in the Porsche Mobil 1 Supercup. In 2025, he is defending his title as a privateer.

Privateer (motorsport)
In motorsport, a privateer is usually an entrant into a racing event that is not directly supported by an automobile or motorcycle manufacturer. Privateers teams are often found competing in rally, circuit racing and motorcycle racing events and often include competitors who build and maintain their own vehicles and motorcycles. In previous Formula One seasons, privately owned teams would race using the chassis of another team or constructor in preference to building their own car; the Concorde Agreement now effectively prohibits this practice. Increasingly, the term is being used in a Formula One context to refer to teams that are not at least part-owned by large corporations. Many privateer entrants compete for the enjoyment of the sport, and are not paid to be racing drivers.
Storm cellar
A storm shelter or storm cellar is a type of underground bunker designed to protect the occupants from severe weather, particularly tornadoes. They are most frequently seen in the Midwest ("Tornado Alley") and Southeastern ("Dixie Alley") United States where tornadoes are generally frequent and the low water table permits underground living.

Dixie Alley
"Dixie Alley" is a colloquial term sometimes used for areas of the southern United States which are particularly vulnerable to strong to violent tornadoes. Some argue this is distinct from the better known "Tornado Alley" and that it has a high frequency of strong, long-track tornadoes that move at higher speeds. The term was coined by National Severe Storms Forecast Center (NSSFC) Director Allen Pearson after witnessing a tornado outbreak which included more than nine long-track, violent tornadoes that killed 121 on February 21–22, 1971.
1977 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election
Elections to the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly were held in June 1977, to elect members of the 200 constituencies in Rajasthan, India. The Janata Party won a majority of seats as well as the popular vote, and its leader, Bhairon Singh Shekhawat was appointed as the Chief Minister of Rajasthan.

After the passing of The Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1976, Rajasthan's Legislative Assembly was assigned 200 constituencies.

Bhairon Singh Shekhawat
Bhairon Singh Shekhawat (23 October 1923 – 15 May 2010) was an Indian politician who served as the  vice president of India. He served in that position from August 2002, when he was elected to a five-year term by the electoral college following the death of Krishan Kant, until he resigned on 21 July 2007, after losing the presidential election to Pratibha Patil. Bhairon Singh Shekhawat was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He served as the Chief Minister of Rajasthan three times, from 1977 to 1980, 1990 to 1992 and 1993 to 1998. He represented several constituencies in Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha from 1952 to 2002. He was awarded Padma Bhushan in the year 2003.
Glazunov
Glazunov (masculine, Russian: Глазунов) or Glazunova (feminine, Russian: Глазунова) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Glazunov (1865–1936), Russian composer
Glazunov Glacier in Antarctica named after Alexander

Andrei Glazunov, 19th-century Russian trade expedition leader

Anton Glazunov (born 1986), Russian basketball player

Ilya Glazunov (1930–2017), Russian painter

Vasili Glazunov (1896–1967), Soviet general, Hero of the Soviet Union

Vasily Glazunov
Vasily Afanasyevich Glazunov (Russian: Василий Афанасьевич Глазунов; 1 January [O.S. 20 December 1895] 1896 – 27 June 1967) was a Soviet lieutenant general, who was the first commander of the Soviet airborne forces (VDV).  He was twice awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union.