hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cape St. Francis (electoral district)
Cape St. Francis is a provincial electoral district for the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.

The vast majority of the district is made up of suburban communities neighbouring the provincial capital St. John's, though the district does take in the northeast end of the city. The majority of residents commute into St. John's daily for work. Prior to 1996, the district was named St. John's East Extern, though that riding did not contain the actual Cape St. Francis prior to 1975. That district was created in 1962 from St. John's East.

The district's boundaries encompass the northeastern tip of Avalon Peninsula, including the outer stretches of St. John's as well as Bauline, Flatrock, Logy Bay-Middle Cove-Outer Cove, Pouch Cove, and Torbay. Torbay is the largest community in the district.

The district has been a Progressive Conservative stronghold for over 60 years.

Logy Bay-Middle Cove-Outer Cove
Logy Bay-Middle Cove-Outer Cove is a town in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It is located within a 10 minutes' drive from downtown St. John's preceding the Town of Torbay on the eastern tip of the Avalon Peninsula.
Daniel Guérin
Daniel Guérin (French: [danjɛl ɡeʁɛ̃]; 19 May 1904 – 14 April 1988) was a French libertarian-communist author, best known for his work Anarchism: From Theory to Practice, as well as his collection No Gods No Masters: An Anthology of Anarchism in which he collected writings on the idea and movement it inspired, from the first writings of Max Stirner in the mid-19th century through the first half of the 20th century. He is also known for his opposition to Nazism, fascism, capitalism, imperialism and colonialism, in addition to his support for the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) during the Spanish Civil War. His revolutionary defense of free love and homosexuality influenced the development of queer anarchism. He sought to combine the ideology of Marxism and anarchism.

Imperialism
Imperialism is the maintaining and extending of power over foreign nations, particularly through expansionism, employing both hard power (military and economic power) and soft power (diplomatic power and cultural imperialism). Imperialism focuses on establishing or maintaining hegemony and a more formal empire.

While related to the concept of colonialism, imperialism is a distinct concept that can apply to other forms of expansion and many forms of government.
Swimming at the 2005 World Aquatics Championships – Men's 200 metre freestyle
The men's 200 freestyle at the 11th FINA World Aquatics Championships swam 25+26 July 2005 in the Olympic pool at Parc Jean-Drapeau in Montreal, Canada. 95 swimmers were entered in the preliminary heats, which swam in the morning of July 25. The top-16 swimmers from the prelims advanced on to semifinal heats that evening. From the semifinals, the top 8 swimmers advanced onto the next night's final.

The existing records at the start of the event were:

World record (WR): 1:44.06, Ian Thorpe (Australia), 25 July 2001 in Fukuoka, Japan.

Championship record (CR): same

World record progression 200 metres freestyle
This is a history of the progression of the world record for the 200 metres freestyle swimming event. It is a listing of the fastest-times-ever swum in the event, in both long course (50m) and short course (25m) swimming pools. These records are maintained and recognized by FINA, which oversees international competitive swimming and Aquatics.

The drop in world record times in 2008–2009 coincided with the introduction of polyurethane suits from Speedo (LZR, 50% polyurethane) in 2008 and by Arena (X-Glide), Adidas (Hydrofoil) and Italian swimming suit manufacturer Jaked (all 100% polyurethane) in 2009.  FINA's ban on non-textile suit came into effect in January 2010. FINA also released a list of approved suits.

The long course records are historically older than the short course records; the latter having only been recognized since the early 1990s.
Marrakesh Menara Airport
Marrakesh Menara Airport (Arabic: مطار مراكش المنارة, French: Aéroport de Marrakech-Ménara, IATA: RAK, ICAO: GMMX) is an international airport serving Marrakesh, the capital city of the Marrakesh-Safi region in Morocco. It is an international facility that receives several European flights as well as flights from Casablanca, the Arab world nations and from 2024, flights from North America. The airport served over 6.3 million passengers in 2019.

Regions of Morocco
Regions are currently the highest administrative divisions in Morocco. Since 2015, Morocco officially administers 12 regions, including one (Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab) that lies completely within the disputed territory of Western Sahara and two (Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra and Guelmim-Oued Noun) that lie partially within it. The regions are subdivided into a total of 75 second-level administrative divisions, which are prefectures and provinces.

A region is governed by a directly elected regional council. The president of the council is responsible for carrying out the council's decisions. Prior to the 2011 constitutional reforms, this was the responsibility of the Wali, the representative of the central government appointed by the King, who now plays a supporting role in the administration of the region.
Rupanpur
Rupanpur  is a village in Kapurthala district of Punjab State, India. It is located 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) from Kapurthala, which is both district and sub-district headquarters of Rupanpur. The village is administrated by a Sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per the constitution of India and Panchayati raj (India).

Kapurthala
Kapurthala (Punjabi pronunciation: [kə.puːɾ.t̪ʰə.läː]) is a city in the Punjab state of India. It is the administrative headquarters of the Kapurthala District. It was the capital of the Kapurthala State, a princely state in British India. It is an immediate neighbour of Jalandhar city proper, and a part of the Jalandhar Metropolitan Region. The aesthetic mix of the city, with its prominent buildings based on French and Indo-Saracenic architecture self-narrate its princely past. And for this reason, it has often been referred to as the “Paris of Punjab”. It is also known as the 'City of Palaces & Gardens'. According to the 2011 census, Kapurthala is the least populated city in India.
Armed trawler Nelson
Armed trawler Nelson was a British auxiliary warship which served during World War I. She was built in 1905 as the fishing smack G&E, operating from Lowestoft and registered as LT 649. In 1915 she was armed for defence against U-boat attack, and fought several actions against them. She was sunk in action on 15 August 1917.  This action was fought between a German U-boat (believed to be SM UC-63) and two trawlers, Nelson and Ethel & Millie, off the English coast.

Armed merchantman
An armed merchantman is a merchant ship equipped with guns, usually for defensive purposes, either by design or after the fact. In the days of sail, piracy and privateers, many merchantmen would be routinely armed, especially those engaging in long distance and high value trade. In more modern times, auxiliary cruisers were used offensively as merchant raiders to disrupt trade chiefly during both World War I and World War II, particularly by Germany.

While armed merchantmen are clearly inferior to purpose-built warships, sometimes they have scored successes in combat against them. Examples include East Indiamen mimicking ships of the line and chasing off regular French warships in the Battle of Pulo Aura in 1804, and the German auxiliary cruiser Kormoran sinking the Australian light cruiser HMAS Sydney in their battle in 1941, although Kormoran was also destroyed and had to be scuttled.
John William Pitt Kīnaʻu
John William Pitt Kīnaʻu (December 21/27, 1842 – September 9, 1859) was a prince of the Kingdom of Hawaii and the only surviving son of High Chief William Pitt Leleiohoku I and Ruth Keʻelikōlani. As a descendant of King Kamehameha I, he was chosen to attend the Chiefs' Children's School (later renamed Royal School) taught by the American missionary Amos Starr Cooke and his wife, Juliette Montague Cooke, alongside fifteen of his royal cousins. At a young age, he inherited the landholdings of his father and his adoptive grandfather including Huliheʻe Palace, but the prince died under mysterious circumstances before his seventeenth birthday.

Kuakini
John Adams Kiʻiapalaoku Kuakini (1789–1844) was  an important adviser to Kamehameha I in the early stages of the Kingdom of Hawaii. He was responsible for contributing to the infrastructure among other changes in the Kona District during this era.
BKY
BKY or bky can refer to:

Babıali Kültür Yayıncılığı, a Turkish book publishing company

Berkeley station (California), a train station in Berkeley, California, U.S., by station code

Bokyi language, a language spoken in Cross River State, Nigeria, by ISO 639 code

Kavumu Airport, an airport in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, by IATA code

Bokyi language
Bokyi (Boki, Nfua, Nki, Okii, Osikom, Osukam, Uki, Vaaneroki) is a regionally important Bendi language spoken by the Bokyi people of northern Cross River State, Nigeria. It is ranked amongst the first fifteen languages of the about 520 living languages in Nigeria, with a few thousand speakers in Cameroon.

Major dialects include Abu (Abo, Baswo), Irruan, Osokom (Okundi) and Wula.
Channel View Publications
Channel View Publications is an independent academic publisher in applied linguistics based in Bristol, UK.

The company was founded in the 1980s by Mike and Marjukka Grover and is currently managed by their son Tommi Grover. The company’s publication programme has diversified quite widely from the early days of the company when the directors Mike and Marjukka Grover wanted to bring up their sons bilingually (he is English, she is Finnish) and, being unable to find any books on the subject, decided to publish some themselves. Nowadays the firm and its imprint Multilingual Matters publishes  textbooks and research monographs in the fields of tourism studies, applied linguistics, literacy education, multicultural education and immigrant language learning.

The company now has over 900 titles to its name, and publishes around 50 books every year.

Applied linguistics
Applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary field which identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems. Some of the academic fields related to applied linguistics are education, psychology, communication research, information science, natural language processing, anthropology, and sociology. Applied linguistics is a practical use of language.
Coleophora astragalorum
Coleophora astragalorum is a moth of the family Coleophoridae that can be found in Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.

The larvae feed on Astragalus and Ammodendron species. Larvae can be found at the end of May and (after diapause) from the end of March to April.

Ammodendron
Ammodendron is a genus of flowering plants, called the sand acacias, in the family Fabaceae. It contains five species, which range from Iran through Central Asia to Xinjiang. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. Its name is derived from the Greek άμμος ammos ("sand") and δένδρον dendron ("tree").
Bawang goreng
Bawang goreng is an Indonesian crispy fried shallot condiment, commonly deep-fried, and a popular garnish to be sprinkled upon various dishes of Indonesian cuisine. It is quite similar to a crisp fried onion.

Condiment
A condiment is a preparation that is added to food, typically after cooking, to enhance the flavor, to complement the dish, or to impart a specific flavor. Such specific flavors generally add sweetness or pungency, or sharp or piquant flavors. The seasonings and spices common in many different cuisine arise from global introductions of foreign trade. Condiments include those added to cooking to impart flavor, such as barbecue sauce and soy sauce; those added before serving, such as mayonnaise in a sandwich; and those added tableside to taste, such as ketchup with fast food. Condiments can also provide other health benefits to diets that lack micronutrients.
Rouge River (Beaurivage River tributary)
The Rivière Rouge (in English: Red River) is a tributary of the west shore of Beaurivage River which is a tributary of the west bank of the Chaudière River (slope of the south bank of the St. Lawrence River). It flows in the municipalities of Saint-Agapit and Saint-Apollinaire in the Lotbinière Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Chaudière-Appalaches, in Quebec, in Canada.

Chaudière-Appalaches
Chaudière-Appalaches (French: [ʃodjɛʁ apalaʃ], Quebec French: [ʃoˈd͡zjaɛ̯ʁ apaˈlaʃ]) is an administrative region in Quebec, Canada. It comprises most of what is historically known as the "Beauce" (French: La Beauce; compare with the electoral district of Beauce). It is named for the Chaudière River and the Appalachian Mountains. Chaudière-Appalaches has over 50% of sugar maples in Quebec, thus producing the most maple syrup in Canada as well as the World.

Chaudière-Appalaches has a population of 433,312 residents (as of the Canada 2021 Census) and a land area of 15,071.51 square kilometres (5,819.14 sq mi). The main cities are Lévis, Saint-Georges, Thetford Mines, Sainte-Marie and Montmagny.
Dual curve
In projective geometry, a dual curve of a given plane curve C is a curve in the dual projective plane consisting of the set of lines tangent to C. There is a map from a curve to its dual, sending each point to the point dual to its tangent line. If C is algebraic then so is its dual and the degree of the dual is known as the class of the original curve. The equation of the dual of C, given in line coordinates, is known as the tangential equation of C. Duality is an involution: the dual of the dual of C is the original curve C.

The construction of the dual curve is the geometrical underpinning for the Legendre transformation in the context of Hamiltonian mechanics.

Involution (mathematics)
In mathematics, an involution, involutory function, or self-inverse function is a function f that is its own inverse,

f(f(x)) = x

for all x in the domain of f. Equivalently, applying f twice produces the original value.
2017 Denmark Super Series Premier
The 2017 Denmark Super Series Premier is the ninth Super Series tournament of the 2017 BWF Super Series. The tournament took place at Odense Sports Park in Odense, Denmark from October 17 – 22, 2017 and had a total prize of $750,000.

Huang Dongping
Huang Dongping (Chinese: 黄东萍; pinyin: Huáng Dōngpíng; born 30 April 1995) is a Chinese badminton player. She is the mixed doubles Olympic Champion at the 2020 Summer Olympics, and was three-time mixed doubles Asian Champion, winning in 2018, 2019 and 2024. Huang was ranked first in the mixed doubles with two different partners. Together with Wang Yilyu, she achieved the world no. 1 in April 2018, and with Feng Yanzhe in November 2024.
Abraham Solomon Freidus
Abraham Solomon Freidus (1866–October 2, 1923) was the first head of the Jewish literature department at the New York Public Library, holding that role from 1897 until his death in 1923. During Freidus's tenure there, the library dramatically expanded its collection of Jewish written works, and Freidus developed a system for organizing those materials that was arguably the first standard for cataloguing Jewish literature in the context of a large library holding. Freidus's classification system remains one of the main alternatives for organizing large collections of Jewish works.

Jewish literature
Jewish literature includes works written by Jews on Jewish themes, literary works written in Jewish languages on various themes, and literary works in any language written by Jewish writers. Ancient Jewish literature includes Biblical literature and rabbinic literature. Medieval Jewish literature includes not only rabbinic literature but also ethical literature, philosophical literature, mystical literature, various other forms of prose including history and fiction, and various forms of poetry of both religious and secular varieties. The production of Jewish literature has flowered with the modern emergence of secular Jewish culture. Modern Jewish literature has included Yiddish literature, Judeo-Tat literature, Ladino literature, Hebrew literature (especially Israeli literature), and Jewish American literature.
1840–41 United States Senate elections
The 1840–41 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1840 and 1841, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2.

Corresponding with their party's success in the 1840 presidential election, the Whig Party took control of the Senate.

Gridlock (politics)
In politics, gridlock or deadlock or political stalemate is a situation when there is difficulty passing laws that satisfy the needs of the people. A government is gridlocked when the ratio between bills passed and the agenda of the legislature decreases. Gridlock can occur when two legislative houses, or the executive branch and the legislature are controlled by different political parties, or otherwise cannot agree.

The word "gridlock" is used here as a metaphor – referring to the traffic standstill which results when congestion causes the flow to freeze up completely.
Turnhouse
Turnhouse is a suburb in the west of Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, near Maybury, Gogar, Cammo and West Craigs.

The area is south east of Edinburgh Airport, and Turnhouse is also the name for the former Royal Air Force base (RAF Turnhouse), now closed, which dates back to the First World War and was the origin of the current civilian airport. It is now used for cargo operations in tandem with the main Edinburgh Airport.

The then 1st Free French Squadron 340 "Ile-de-France" was located in Turnhouse during the Second World War, from 1941 to 1951, when it relocated to Orange, Vaucluse (France) under the name "Escadron de chasse 02.005 "Ile-de-France"" ("EC 2/5 "Ile-de-France"").

Turnhouse is the home of Turnhouse Golf Club at Lennie Park.

Edinburgh Airport
Edinburgh Airport (IATA: EDI, ICAO: EGPH) is an international airport located in the Ingliston area of Edinburgh, Scotland. It is located five nautical miles (nine kilometres) west of the city centre, just off the M8 and M9 motorways. It is owned and operated by Edinburgh Airport Limited.

The airport is the busiest in Scotland based on passenger numbers, with 15.8 million passengers flying from the airport in 2024, a 10% increase on passenger numbers from 2023. A total of 35 airlines use the airport to fly to over 152 international destinations. As well as being the busiest airport in Scotland, it is the sixth busiest airport in the United Kingdom.
Southern Chile (wine region)
The Southern Chilean Wine Region or The South is one of the five principal wine regions of Chile. It encompasses all wine-growing areas in of Bío Bío Region and Araucanía Region. The South wine region is composed of three minor wine districts; Itata Valley, Bío Bío Valley and Malleco Valley.

Biobío River
The Biobío River (also known as Bío Bío or Bio-Bio) is the second largest river in Chile. It originates at Icalma and Galletué lakes in the Andes and flows 380 kilometres (236 mi) to the Gulf of Arauco (in Spanish) on the Pacific Ocean.

The major tributaries of the river are the Malleco and  the Laja. The river is Chile's second-longest river (the longest being the Loa River) and the Biobío basin is Chile's third largest watershed, after the Loa and Baker basins. The river is also the widest river in Chile, with an average width of 1 kilometre (0.6 mi). In the Metropolitan area of Concepción, four bridges cross the river: Biobío Railroad Bridge (1889), Juan Pablo II Bridge (1973), Llacolén Bridge (2000) and Bicentennial Bridge (2010).
An Stùc
An Stùc, meaning "The Peak" in Gaelic, is a conically shaped Scottish mountain in the Ben Lawers range to the north of Loch Tay. It has been listed as a Munro since 1997, having previously been considered a subsidiary top of the Ben Lawers range. It lies on the main ridge of the Ben Lawers range, and its southern and eastern slopes form part of the Ben Lawers National Nature Reserve, which is owned and managed by the National Trust for Scotland.

The normal routes of ascent are via the ridges from Ben Lawers or Meall Garbh, in combination with other summits in the range. It may also be ascended directly from the Lawers Burn to the east via a gully above Lochan nan Cat.

There is another An Stùc in Assynt, standing at 364 m (1,194 ft) about 26 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Ullapool at the head of Glenoykel.

Loch Tay
Loch Tay (Scottish Gaelic: Loch Tatha) is a freshwater loch in the central highlands of Scotland, in the Perth and Kinross and Stirling council areas, the largest body of fresh water in Perth and Kinross. The watershed of Loch Tay traditionally formed the historic province of Breadalbane.

It is a long, narrow loch about 14.55 miles (23.42 km) long, and typically around 1 to 1.5 miles (1.6 to 2.4 km) wide, following the line of the strath from the south-west to north-east.  It is the sixth-largest loch in Scotland by area and more than 150 metres (490 ft) deep at its deepest.
Novohrad – Nógrád Geopark
The Novohrad – Nógrád Geopark (NNG), a geopark straddling the border between Hungary and Slovakia, is one of the first transnational geoparks in the world. It is a member of the UNESCO Global Geoparks Network and European Geoparks Network.

Salgó Castle
Salgó Castle is a Hungarian stronghold near Salgótarján, Nógrád county, 120 km from Budapest. Originally built as a tower by the Kacsics clan in the 13th century to withstand the Mongol invasions of the 13th century, it was later renovated into a fortress by King Béla IV. During the Hussite War, the fortress was captured in 1460 and captured again by the Ottoman army in the 16th century. Ownership of the castle eventually passed to Bálint Balassi and his family, one member of the family neglected the castle and left it in ruins. Today Salgó Castle is a well-known tourist spot. Salgó Castle is visible from the towers of nearby Šomoška Castle, across the border in Slovakia.
2015 Abu Dhabi Tour
The 2015 Abu Dhabi Tour was a men's cycling stage race, that took place between 8-11 October 2015. It was the inaugural edition of the Abu Dhabi Tour and was part of the 2015 UCI Asia Tour.

The event featured prominent riders, including newly crowned World Champion Peter Sagan in his first race appearance after the Championship race. The Astana team were captained by Vincenzo Nibali, who won the Giro di Lombardia a couple of days prior. He was assisted by Fabio Aru, winner of the Vuelta a España.

UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race
The UCI Road World Championships Elite Men's Road Race is a one-day event for professional cyclists that takes place annually. The winner is considered the World Cycling Champion (or World Road Cycling Champion) and earns the right to wear the Rainbow Jersey for a full year in road race or stage events. The event is a single mass start road race with the winner being the first across the line at the completion of the full race distance. The road race is contested by riders organized by national cycling teams as opposed to commercially sponsored trade teams, which is the standard in professional cycling.