hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nils Peter Thesen
Nils Peter Thesen (24 April 1853 – 23 November 1929) was a Norwegian-born, South African businessperson.

He was a son of Arndt Leonard Thesen (1816–1875) and Ane Catherine Margrethe Brandt (1819–1900). The family emigrated from Stavanger, Norway to Knysna, Cape Colony in 1869, and founded the company Thesen and Company.

Nils Peter Thesen became a co-owner of this company, and also served as consul-general for Norway in South Africa. He was decorated as a Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav.

He died in November 1929. Thesen had several brothers, of which Charles Wilhelm Thesen was the most prominent. Through a sister, he was a brother-in-law of Francis William Reitz.

Order of St. Olav
The Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav (Norwegian: Den Kongelige Norske Sankt Olavs Orden; or Sanct Olafs Orden, the old Norwegian name) is a Norwegian order of chivalry instituted by King Oscar I on 21 August 1847. It is named after King Olav II, known to posterity as St. Olav.

Just before the union with Sweden was dissolved in 1905, the Order of the Norwegian Lion was instituted in 1904 by King Oscar II, but no appointments were awarded by his successor, King Haakon VII. The Order of St. Olav thus became the kingdom's only order of chivalry for the next 80 years. The Grand Master of the order is the reigning monarch of Norway. It is used to reward individuals for remarkable accomplishments on behalf of the country and humanity. Since 1985, appointments to the order have only been conferred upon Norwegian citizens, though foreign heads of state and royalty may be appointed as a matter of courtesy.
The Shand Group
The Shand Group (also known as TSG) is an independent, integrated advertising and marketing agency located in Santa Barbara, California, and operating satellite offices in Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, Seattle and Austin.  The agency was founded in Los Angeles in 1982 by president Bobby Shand, and operates with ten to thirty employees and contract associates.  Marketing services include: market positioning and strategy, brand identity, advertising and collateral, web development, media planning and placement.  TSG's client base includes products and services aimed at the upscale consumer and trade markets.

Positioning (marketing)
In marketing, positioning is the mental perception of a product or brand by customers. Brand and product positioning methods include product differentiation, advertising, market segmentation, and business models such as the marketing mix.

The origins of the concept of positioning concept are unclear. Scholars suggest that it may have emerged from the burgeoning advertising industry in the period following World War I. The concept was popularised by advertising executives Al Ries and Jack Trout and further developed by academics Schaefer and Kuehlwein, who extended the concept to include the meaning carried by a brand. Positioning is now a regular marketing activity and forms part of overarching marketing strategy theory.
Jewish parasite
The "Jewish parasite" is an antisemitic trope used mostly by the Nazi Third Reich. It is based on the myth that the Jews of the diaspora are incapable of forming their own states, and would therefore attack and exploit states and peoples. The stereotype is often associated with the accusation of usury, and the separation of productive capital and financial capital ("High Finance").

In the Nazi period, it served to legitimize the persecution of Jews, up to the Holocaust. Some representatives of Zionism also took up the motif. They regarded a "parasitic" way of life in other cultures as an inevitable consequence of the diaspora, and contrasted it with the establishment of a Jewish state as an ideal.

Legitimation
Legitimation, legitimization (US), or legitimisation (UK) is the act of providing legitimacy.  Legitimation in the social sciences refers to the process whereby an act, process, or ideology becomes legitimate by its attachment to norms and values within a given society. It is the process of making something acceptable and normative to a group or audience.

Legitimate power is the right to exercise control over others by virtue of the authority of one's superior organizational position or status.
Town Called Dobson
Town Called Dobson is a liberal editorial cartoon in the form of a webcomic written and illustrated by Storm Bear. The week-daily cartoon deals with being a liberal in red America. The cultural clash between left vs. right politics is the main focus of the cartoon and reflects the creator's life growing up in Dobson, NC.

It debuted on June 4, 2004. The first three strips were initially created as a one-day art project and was abandoned until the controversy over the Mohammad cartoons erupted. In the original strips, one of the main characters was named Johnny Allah. It was not until then that the creator reconsidered the cartoon and decided to go back into production and settling into a week-daily publishing schedule.

After a redraw of the characters, development of new characters, props and sets, Town Called Dobson restarted publication on March 21, 2006.

Webcomic
Webcomics (also known as online comics or Internet comics) are comics published on the internet, such as on a website or a mobile app. While many webcomics are published exclusively online, others are also published in magazines, newspapers, or comic books.
Webcomics can be compared to self-published print comics in that anyone with an Internet connection can publish their own webcomic. Readership levels vary widely; many are read only by the creator's immediate friends and family, while some of the most widely read have audiences of well over one million readers. Webcomics range from traditional comic strips and graphic novels to avant garde comics, and cover many genres, styles, and subjects. They sometimes take on the role of a comic blog. The term web cartoonist is sometimes used to refer to someone who creates webcomics. Two examples of webcomic website builders are Comic Fury and Webtoon.
Geology of the Canyonlands area
The geology of the park is the consequence of deposition, uplift and erosion. Island in the Sky is a mesa overlooking the Green River (Colorado River tributary) to the west and the Colorado River to the east, and separated from the Colorado Plateau by "the neck". From the top of the mesa to the Honaker Trail Formation at the canyon river bottom, 150 million years of geologic stratum is exposed. Upheaval Dome consists of the Chinle Formation in the center and the Navajo Sandstone along the rim. The Cedar Mesa Sandstone comprised the Needles District. Canyons comprise the Maze District.

Evaporite
An evaporite (/ɪˈvæpəˌraɪt/) is a water-soluble sedimentary mineral deposit caused by the concentration and crystallization (chemical precipitation) that results when enough of the water solvent evaporates from an aqueous solution. There are two types of evaporite deposits: marine, which can also be described as ocean deposits, and non-marine, which are found in standing bodies of water such as lakes. Evaporites are considered sedimentary rocks and are formed by chemical sediments.
Chico Resch
Glenn Allan "Chico" Resch (born July 10, 1948) is a Canadian–American former professional ice hockey player and television sportscaster. He played as a goaltender in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1973 to 1987, and won a Stanley Cup with the New York Islanders in 1979–80. He has served as the color commentator for telecasts of New Jersey Devils games on MSG Network and MSG Plus.

1978–79 NHL season
The 1978–79 NHL season was the 62nd season of the National Hockey League. The Montreal Canadiens beat the New York Rangers in the Stanley Cup finals four games to one for their fourth consecutive Cup; two "Original Six" teams did not meet again in the Finals for the next 34 years, when the Chicago Blackhawks defeated the Boston Bruins in the 2013 Finals. The Bruins faced the Canadiens in the 1979 semifinals, marking the last appearance by three Original Six teams in the final four for the next 35 years, when the Blackhawks, Canadiens and Rangers reached the semifinals of the 2014 playoffs.

The Cleveland Barons merged with the Minnesota North Stars (continuing as the North Stars), reducing the NHL membership to 17 teams, the last time that a league in the "big four" major professional sports league contracted.
Samuel Jacob Jackson
Samuel Jacob Jackson (February 18, 1848 – May 29, 1942) was a Canadian politician.

Born in Stradbally, Queen's County, Ireland, the son of Samuel Jackson and Elizabeth Sutcliffe, Jackson was educated at Brampton and at Brantford, Ontario. He moved west to Manitoba in 1871. Jackson later became a partner in a mercantile firm in Winnipeg. In 1878, he married Ida Isabella Clark. Jackson later moved to Stonewall, where he was a merchant and mill owner.

He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba for the electoral district of Rockwood in 1883, 1884, 1886, 1888, 1892 and 1896. He was defeated in 1899. From 1891 to 1895, he was the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly.

He was first returned to House of Commons of Canada in the general elections of 1904 for the riding of Selkirk. A Liberal, he was defeated in 1908. He was an Alderman in the Winnipeg City Council in 1877, 1878 and 1880. Jackson was chairman of the Board of Works for Winnipeg in 1882.

County Laois
County Laois (/liːʃ/ LEESH; Irish: Contae Laoise) is a county in Ireland. It is part of the Eastern and Midland Region and in the province of Leinster. It was known as Queen's County from 1556 to 1922. The modern county takes its name from Loígis, a medieval kingdom. Historically, it has also been known as County Leix.

Laois County Council is the local authority for the county, and is based in Portlaoise.

At the 2022 census, the population of the county was 91,657, an increase of 56% since the 2002 census.
Montezuma's Revenge (video game)
Montezuma's Revenge is a platform game for the Atari 8-bit computers, Atari 2600, Atari 5200, Apple II, ColecoVision, Commodore 64, IBM PC (as a self-booting disk), and ZX Spectrum (as Panama Joe). It was designed and programmed by Robert Jaeger and published by Parker Brothers in 1984. The game's title references a colloquial expression for diarrhea contracted while visiting Mexico.

In 1988, a port was published for the Master System, which retains the basic gameplay and level structure, but with improved graphics, sound, and additional features.

A substantially updated version entitled Montezuma's Revenge - Director's Cut was released in 2025.  This version updates stages, added new features, and allowed you to fight King Montezuma as a final boss.

Self-booting disk
A self-booting disk is a floppy disk for home computers or personal computers that starts up directly into a standalone application when the system is turned on or restarted. It runs on the "bare machine" without loading or using the operating system (if any) that runs on or comes with the computer. This was common, standard, on some computers in the late 1970s to early 1990s. Video games were the type of application most commonly distributed using this technique.

The term "PC booter" is sometimes used in reference to self-booting software for IBM PC compatibles. On other systems, like the Apple II and Atari 8-bit computers, almost all software is self-booting. On the IBM PC, the distinction is between a self-booting program and one which is started by the user via an operating system such as MS-DOS or IBM PC DOS. The term "PC booter" was not contemporaneous with when self-booting games were being released.
Dorna-Arini
Dorna-Arini is a commune located in Suceava County, in the historical region of Bukovina, northeastern Romania. It is composed of six villages, more specifically: Cozănești (the commune center), Dorna-Arini, Gheorghițeni, Ortoaia, Rusca, and Sunători.

Suceava County
Suceava County (Romanian pronunciation: [suˈtʃe̯ava]) is a county (Romanian: județ) of Romania. Most of its territory lies in the southern part of the historical region of Bukovina, while the remainder forms part of Western Moldavia proper. The county seat and the most populous urban settlement of the county is Suceava.
Thévenot
Thévenot is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Albert Privet Thévenot (1945–2025), Canadian Roman Catholic bishop

Jean de Thévenot (1633–1667), French traveller, nephew of Melchisédech Thévenot

Laurent Thévenot (born 1949), French sociologist

Melchisédech Thévenot (1620–1692), French scientist and traveller

Pascal Thévenot (born 1966), French politician

Prisca Thévenot (born 1985), French politician

Melchisédech Thévenot
Melchisédech or Melchisédec Thévenot (c. 1620 – 29 October 1692) was a French writer, scientist, traveller, cartographer, orientalist, inventor, and diplomat.  He was the inventor of the spirit level and is also famous for his popular posthumously published 1696 book The Art of Swimming, one of the first books on the subject and widely read during the 18th century. Benjamin Franklin, an avid swimmer in his youth, is known to have read it. The book popularized the breaststroke (see History of swimming) ; he was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame in 1990.  He also influenced the founding of the Académie Royale des Sciences (the French Academy of Sciences).
Heroes of Might and Magic II
Heroes of Might and Magic II: The Succession Wars  is a 1996 turn-based strategy video game developed by Jon Van Caneghem through New World Computing and published by the 3DO Company. The game is the second installment of the Heroes of Might and Magic series and is typically credited as the breakout game for the series. Heroes II was voted the sixth-best PC game of all time by PC Gamer in May 1997.

An expansion pack, The Price of Loyalty, was released in 1997. Later, 3DO bundled Heroes II, its expansion pack and 30 community maps in one box, releasing it as Heroes of Might and Magic II Gold in 1998.

Strategy video game
A strategy video game is a video game genre that emphasizes strategic or tactical planning and decision-making, often involving the indirect control of multiple units and the management of limited resources, rather than the quick reflexes typical of action games.

Strategy video games are commonly divided into two main forms: turn-based strategy (TBS), in which players act in discrete turns, and real-time strategy (RTS), in which play proceeds continuously. Many also incorporate elements such as tactics, diplomacy, economics, or exploration.

Electronic strategy games developed in part from earlier non-digital board games and wargames, and scholars note that the definition of “strategy” in games is not entirely uniform across contexts.
Rémi Lamerat
Rémi Lamerat ([ʁe.mi la.mə.ʁa]; born 14 January 1990) is a French former rugby union player. His position was centre. He began his career with Stade Toulousain before moving to Castres in 2012, then onto Clermont Auvergne in 2016, and then to Union Bordeaux Bègles in 2019.

After retiring from professional rugby in 2023, Lamerat transitioned into the wine industry, a field he had been passionate about alongside his rugby career. He expressed a desire to continue indulging in his passion for wine, indicating a shift from sports to viticulture.

Castres Olympique
Castres Olympique (French pronunciation: [kastʁ ɔlɛ̃pik], CAST-(r)) is a French rugby union club located in the Occitanian city of Castres and is currently competing in the Top 14, the top level of the French league system.

Founded in 1898, the club took its current name in 1906. They play at the Stade Pierre-Fabre, which is one of the smallest in Top 14 with a capacity of 12,500. The team wear blue and white kits.

The team won five French top-division championships in 1949, 1950, 1993 (in a match decided by an irregular try accorded by the referee), 2013, and 2018 as well as one Coupe de France in 1948.
École Française de Banjul
École Française de Banjul is a French international school in Bakau, The Gambia, in the Banjul metropolitan area. It serves levels preschool through première; classes use the National Centre for Distance Education (CNED) beginning in sixième. It was established in 1984.

National Centre for Distance Education
The National Centre for Distance Education (Centre national d'enseignement à distance or Cned in French) is a French public institution under the oversight of the Department of Education dedicated to providing distance learning material. It is the largest university in Europe by number of students.

It was created in 1939 and has been providing on-line material since the mid-1990s. The 3000 programs it offers range from kindergarten to university level. In 2022, about 350,000 students were registered, 30,000 living outside France. Of these, approximately 245,000 are higher education students ranging from polytechnic through to masters level. CNED offer the opportunity to study at a high level, while living in any country, or travelling around the globe. Students can study with books, or online (computer equipment used to study online is easier to carry when travelling).
Titus Flavius Longinus Quintus Marcius Turbo
Titus Flavius Longinus Quintus Marcius Turbo was a Roman senator who held a series of offices in the emperor's service. He was suffect consul for one of the nundinia in the years 149 through 151. Longinus is known primarily from inscriptions.

Authorities agree that Longinus was the birth son of Titus Flavius Longinus, a decurion of a city in Dacia, and was later adopted by the prefect of the Praetorian Guard, Quintus Marcius Turbo. Nevertheless, Longinus remained a member of the equestrian order until he was adlected into the Senate.

Praetorian Guard
The Praetorian Guard (Latin: cohortes praetoriae) was the imperial guard of the Imperial Roman army that served various roles for the Roman emperor including being a bodyguard unit, counterintelligence, crowd control and gathering military intelligence.

During the Roman Republic, the Praetorian Guards were escorts for high-ranking political officials and were bodyguards for the senior officers of the Roman legions. In 27 BC, after Rome's transition from republic to empire, the first emperor of Rome, Augustus, designated the Praetorians as his personal security escort. For three centuries, the guards of the Roman emperor were also known for their palace intrigues, by whose influence upon imperial politics the Praetorians could overthrow an emperor and then proclaim his successor as the new caesar of Rome. In AD 312, Constantine the Great disbanded the cohortes praetoriae and destroyed their barracks at the Castra Praetoria.
Ministry of Mines and Energy
The Ministry of Mines and Energy is a top-level government entity in several countries, responsible for the oversight of mining and energy production and consumption. The following articles cover individual Ministries of Mines and Energy:

Ministry of Energy and Mining (Algeria), of Algeria

Ministry of Mines and Energy (Brazil), of Brazil

Burundi Ministry of Energy and Mines, of Burundi

Ministry of Mines and Energy (Cambodia), of Cambodia

Ministry of Energy, Mines and Resources, of Canada

Ministry of Mines and Energy (Colombia), of Colombia

Ministry of Energy and Mines (Cuba), of Cuba

Ministry of Mines and Energy (Ghana), of Ghana

Ministry of Energy and Mines (Guatemala), of Guatemala

Ministry of Energy and Mines (Peru), of Peru

Ministry of Mines and Energy (Togo), of Togo

Ministry of Energy and Mines, of Ontario, Canada

Burundi Ministry of Energy and Mines
The Burundi Ministry of Energy and Mines  also known as the Ministry of Hydraulics, Energy and Mines is responsible for managing energy development and distribution in Burundi. The main function of the Ministry of Energy and Mines include: design and implement the National policy in energy, geology and Mines; promote geological research and mining industry activities; developing and implementing policies related to electricity, minerals, petroleum and petroleum products.  The current Cabinet Minister of Energy is Hon. Ibrahim Uwizeye, Jiji and Mulembwe Hydropower Project (PHJIMU), Hydro-Electric Plant Mpanda, Hydro-Electric Plant Kabu 16, Hydro-Electric Plant Rusumo falls, Kagu Project, Ruzizi III, Ruvyironza, Hydro-Electric Plant in Kirasa-Karonge, Peat Power Project.
Marcet Island
Marcet Island is an uninhabited island within the Arctic Archipelago in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut. It is located in Bathurst Inlet. Other islands in the vicinity include Galena Island, Ekalulia Island, Lewes Island, Patsy Klengenberg Island, Iglorua Island, and Walrus Island.

Kitikmeot Region
Kitikmeot Region (/ˈkɪtəkmjuːt/; Inuktitut: Qitirmiut ᕿᑎᕐᒥᐅᑦ ) is an administrative region of Nunavut, Canada. It consists of the southern and eastern parts of Victoria Island with the adjacent part of the mainland as far as the Boothia Peninsula, together with King William Island and the southern portion of Prince of Wales Island. The regional centre is Cambridge Bay (population 1,760).

Before 1999, Kitikmeot Region existed under slightly different boundaries as Kitikmeot Region, Northwest Territories.
Jaimal Rathore
Jaimal Rathore (1507–1568) was the Rathore Rajput (Mertiya) ruler of Merta. He was cousin of the Hindu saint Mirabai, great-grandson of Rao Jodha Rathore and thus a 2nd cousin to the Rathore rulers of Jodhpur & Bikaner. He was a grandson of Rao Duda Rathore (founder of the Mertiya clan of Rathores who established Merta). He became the ruler of Merta after the death of his father, Rao Veeram Dev. His father was perceived as the strongest king of the east in his time. The Amar Kavya records that Udai Singh II granted Badnor along with 210 villages to Rao Jaimal. In 1553, Jaimal resisted falling under the chakri (service relationship) of Maldeo of Marwar.

Rathore dynasty
The Rathore dynasty is an Indian dynasty belonging to the Rathore clan of Rajputs that has historically ruled over parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand. The Rathores trace their ancestry from the Suryavamsha (Solar dynasty) and to the Rashtrakutas and later to the Gahadavalas of Kannauj, migrating to Marwar region of Rajasthan after the fall of Kannauj.
Arnold Spencer-Smith
Arnold Patrick Spencer-Smith FRHistS (17 March 1883 – 9 March 1916) was an English clergyman and amateur photographer who joined Sir Ernest Shackleton's 1914–1917 Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition as chaplain on the Ross Sea party, who were tasked with laying a chain of depots across the Ross Ice Shelf towards the Beardmore Glacier for Shackleton's intended crossing party.

On the trail, Spencer-Smith fell ill with scurvy at 83° south and left alone in a tent for 10 days while the others continued on to lay the last depot. After their return he was pulled on a sledge back towards the base at Cape Evans, but died on the journey in March 1916.

Cape Spencer-Smith on White Island in the Ross Archipelago is named in his honour.

SY Aurora
SY Aurora was a 580-ton barque-rigged steam yacht built by Alexander Stephen and Sons Ltd. in Dundee, Scotland, in 1876, for the Dundee Seal and Whale Fishing Company. She was 165 feet (50 m) long with a 30-foot (9.1 m) beam. The hull was made of oak, sheathed with greenheart and lined with fir. The bow was a mass of solid wood reinforced with steel-plate armour. The heavy side frames were braced by two levels of horizontal oak beams. Its primary use was whaling in the northern seas, and it was built sturdily enough to withstand the heavy weather and ice that would be encountered there. That strength proved useful for Antarctic exploration as well and between 1911 and 1917 it made five trips to the continent, for both exploration and rescue missions.
2021 Teréga Open Pau–Pyrénées
The 2021 Teréga Open Pau–Pyrénées was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hardcourts. It was the third edition of the tournament which was part of the 2021 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Pau, France between 15 and 21 November 2021.

Teréga Open Pau–Pyrénées
The Teréga Open Pau–Pyrénées is a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hardcourts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It is held annually in Béarn Province, Pau, France since 2019.