hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Zogg
David Zogg (18 December 1902 – 26 July 1977) was a Swiss alpine and Nordic combined skier. He was raised in Arosa, Switzerland.

At the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz he finished 16th in the Nordic combined event.

In 1931, he won the first World Championship in Slalom and in 1934, he was World Champion in downhill skiing. In the 1930s, he participated in a few films about skiing.

After retiring from ski racing, he was the head of the ski school in Arosa for many years.

David Zogg additionally played a role in opening up the exploration of the Himalayas by being appointed the deputy leader of the 1939 Swiss expedition to the Himalayas, undertaken by the Swiss Foundation for Alpine Research. The outcomes of this were "Exploration of the Ramani glacier basic, first ascent of Dunagiri (7066 m), Rataban (6156 m), Ghori Parbat (6714 m). Attempt on Chaukhamba (7138 m)" There's more about his mountaineering in the German article.

St. Moritz
St. Moritz is a high Alpine resort town in the Engadine in Switzerland, at an elevation of about 1,800 metres (5,910 ft) above sea level. It is Upper Engadine's major town and a municipality in the administrative region of Maloja in the Swiss canton of the Grisons.

St. Moritz lies on the southern slopes of the Albula Alps below the Piz Nair (3,056 m or 10,026 ft) overlooking the flat and wide glaciated valley of the Upper Engadine and Lake St. Moritz. It hosted the Winter Olympics in 1928 and 1948.
Ethel Bidwell
Ethel Bidwell PhD (12 July 1919 – 23 October 2003) was a British research scientist who investigated blood coagulation and whose discoveries have been used to successfully perform major surgery on patients with severe haemophilia.

History of Modern Biomedicine Research Group
The History of Modern Biomedicine Research Group (HoMBRG) is an academic organisation specialising in recording and publishing the oral history of twentieth and twenty-first century biomedicine. It was established in 1990 as the Wellcome Trust's History of Twentieth Century Medicine Group, and reconstituted in October 2010 as part of the School of History  at Queen Mary University of London.
Honeywell Aerospace, Cambridge
COM DEV International was a satellite technology, space sciences, and telecommunications company based in Cambridge, Ontario, Canada. The company had branches and offices in Ottawa, the United States, the United Kingdom, China and India.

COM DEV developed and manufactured specialized satellite systems, including microwave systems, switches, optical systems, specialized satellite antennas, as well as components for the aviation and aerospace industry. COM DEV also produced custom equipment designs for commercial, military and civilian purposes, as well as providing contract research for the space sciences.

Outline of space science
The following outline is provided as an overview and topical guide to space science:

Space science – field that encompasses all of the scientific disciplines that involve space exploration and study natural phenomena and physical bodies occurring in outer space, such as space medicine and astrobiology.
Fabiano (footballer, born 1982)
Fabiano Medina da Silva (born 18 January 1982 in Ribeirão Preto), simply known as Fabiano (Brazilian Portuguese: [faˈbjɐnu]), is a former Brazilian footballer who currently last played for Calcio Padova.

Calcio Padova
Calcio Padova, commonly referred to as Padova, is an Italian football club based in Padua, Veneto. Founded in 1910, Padova currently play in Serie B, having last been in Serie A in 1996. The team's official colours are white and red.

The team was refounded in 2014 after the sports title was awarded to Biancoscudati Padova for the 2014–15 Serie D season as a phoenix club. The old holder of the title was in the process of liquidation after it was expelled from 2014–15 Lega Pro. The original Padova was renamed Football Padova in order to allow the new iteration of Padova to use the original name of the club, Calcio Padova in 2015.
Sa'adiya Omar Bello
Sa'adiya Omar Bello (OON) is a Nigerian academic and professor of Hausa Literature at Usmanu Danfodiyo University. She  is a Nigerian academic and professor of Hausa Literature at Usmanu Danfodiyo University. She holds a Ph.D. from the same university. She is a member of the Muslim Media Watch Group of Nigeria board of trustees as of 2018. In 2022, she was awarded a national honor in the Order of the Niger category.

Order of the Niger
The Order of the Niger (OON) is the second highest national award in Nigeria. It was instituted in 1963 and is junior to the Order of the Federal Republic (OFR), the highest order of merit in the country.
Coluthus
Coluthus or Colluthus of Lycopolis (Ancient Greek: Κόλουθος, romanized: Kolouthos; fl. 500 AD) was a Greek-Egyptian epic poet of the late Roman Empire who flourished during the reign of Anastasius I in the Thebaid.

Anastasius I Dicorus
Anastasius I Dicorus (Ancient Greek: Ἀναστάσιος, romanized: Anastásios; c. 431 – 9 July 518) was Eastern Roman emperor from 491 to 518. A career civil servant, he came to the throne at the age of 61 after being chosen by Ariadne, the wife of his predecessor, Zeno. His reign was characterized by reforms and improvements in the empire's government, finances, economy and bureaucracy. The resulting stable government, reinvigorated monetary economy and sizeable budget surplus allowed the empire to pursue more ambitious policies under his successors, most notably Justinian I. Since many of Anastasius' reforms proved long-lasting, his influence over the empire endured for centuries.

Anastasius was a Monophysite Christian and his personal religious tendencies caused tensions throughout his reign in the empire that was becoming increasingly divided along religious lines. He was the last non-Chalcedonian to rule the Byzantine Empire.
Colonel Moran
Colonel Sebastian Moran is a fictional character in the stories written by Arthur Conan Doyle. An enemy of Sherlock Holmes, he first appears in the 1903 short story "The Adventure of the Empty House". Holmes once described him as "the second most dangerous man in London", the most dangerous being Professor Moriarty, Moran's employer.

Gaslight series
The Gaslight series is a set of four anthologies of short fiction combining the character of Sherlock Holmes with elements of fantasy, horror, adventure and supernatural fiction. It consists of Gaslight Grimoire: Fantastic Tales of Sherlock Holmes (2008), Gaslight Grotesque: Nightmare Tales of Sherlock Holmes (2009), Gaslight Arcanum: Uncanny Tales of Sherlock Holmes (2011) and Gaslight Gothic: Strange Tales of Sherlock Holmes (2018).

The first volume was  published in October 2008 by EDGE Science Fiction and Fantasy Publishing of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The book was edited by J. R. Campbell and Charles Prepolec, with a foreword by David Stuart Davies. Cover art was by Timothy Lantz; the book features twelve full-page black and white illustrations by Phil Cornell.

The story "His Last Arrow" by Christopher Sequeira was nominated for a WSFA Small Press Award in 2009.
Qillwa Quta (Bolivia)
Qillwa Quta (Aymara qillwa, qiwña, qiwlla Andean gull, quta lake, "gull lake", also spelled Kellhuacota) is a mountain in the eastern extensions of the Apolobamba mountain range in Bolivia, about 4,900 metres (16,076 ft) high. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Bautista Saavedra Province, Curva Municipality.

La Paz Department (Bolivia)
The La Paz Department of Bolivia comprises 133,985 square kilometres (51,732 sq mi) with a 2024 census population of 3,022,566 inhabitants. It is situated at the western border of Bolivia, sharing Lake Titicaca with the neighboring Peru. It contains the Cordillera Real mountain range, which reaches altitudes of 6.6 kilometers (22,000 ft). Northeast of the Cordillera Real are the Yungas, the steep eastern slopes of the Andes Mountains that make the transition to the Amazon River basin to the northeast. The capital of the department is the city of La Paz and is the administrative city and seat of government/national capital of Bolivia.
Serra de la Llacuna
The Serra de la Llacuna (Catalan for "Small lake mountain range") is a modest mountain ridge located in the municipality of La Llacuna in the comarca of Anoia, Catalonia, Spain. Its highest point reaches approximately 844 metres above sea level.

Plain
In geography, a plain, commonly known as flatland, is a flat expanse of land  that generally has few rapid or steep changes in elevation.  Natural vegetation in plains can include prairies/grasslands, forests, savanah, tundra, and desert biomes, among others. Plains occur as lowlands along valleys or at the base of mountains, as coastal plains, and as plateaus or uplands. Plains are one of the major landforms on earth, being present on all continents and covering more than one-third of the world's land area. Plains in many areas are important for agriculture. There are various types of plains, and biomes on them.
Siege of Nicaea (1328–1331)
The Siege of Nicaea, or Siege of Iznik (Ottoman Turkish: فتحِ ازنيق, romanized: Feth-i İznik), by the forces of Orhan I from 1328 to 1331, resulted in the conquest of the key Byzantine city of Nicaea (nowadays İznik) the Ottomans. It played an important role in the expansion of the Ottoman Empire.

Ottoman Turkish alphabet
The Ottoman Turkish alphabet (Ottoman Turkish: الفبا, romanized: elifbâ) is a version of the Perso-Arabic script used to write Ottoman Turkish for over 600 years until 1928, when it was replaced by the Latin-based modern Turkish alphabet.

Though Ottoman Turkish was primarily written in this script, non-Muslim Ottoman subjects sometimes wrote it in other scripts, including Armenian, Greek, Latin and Hebrew alphabets.
Italian destroyer Alpino (1909)
Alpino was a Soldato-class ("Soldier"-class) destroyer of the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy). Commissioned in 1910, she served actively in the Italo-Turkish War, operating in the Ionian, Aegean, and Red Seas. During World War I she initially operated in the upper Adriatic Sea, conducting reconnaissance and  minelaying operations and supporting actions by motor torpedo boats and aircraft. She subsequently operated in the southern Adriatic and the Ionian Sea, where she was assigned to escort operations and patrolling the Otranto Barrage in the Strait of Otranto. Reclassified as a torpedo boat in 1921, she was stricken in 1928.

Regia Marina
The Regia Marina (Italian for 'Royal Navy', pronounced [ˈrɛːdʒa maˈriːna]) (RM) or Royal Italian Navy was the navy of the Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) from 1861 to 1946. In 1946, with the birth of the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), the Regia Marina changed its name to Marina Militare ("Military Navy").
Herzogstand Radio Station
Herzogstand Radio Station was a radio communication station built and operated from 1920 to 1946 on the Herzogstand mountain near the Kochelsee in Bavaria, Germany. The plant was conceived by C Lorenz AG to transmit long-wave radio traffic between Germany and the Far East, since the existing large radio stations mainly provided traffic to the west. From 1930 the apparatus was used by the Technical University of Munich for ionosphere research.

Technical University of Munich
The Technical University of Munich (TUM or TU Munich; German: Technische Universität München) is a public research university in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. It specializes in engineering, technology, medicine, and applied and natural sciences.

Established in 1868 by King Ludwig II of Bavaria, the university now has additional campuses in Garching, Freising, Heilbronn, Straubing, Ottobrunn, and Singapore, with the Garching campus being its largest. The university is organized into seven schools, and is supported by numerous research centers. It is one of the largest universities in Germany, with 51,954 students and an annual budget of €2,171.0 million including the university hospital.

A University of Excellence under the German Universities Excellence Initiative, TUM is among the leading universities in the European Union. Its researchers and alumni include 19 Nobel laureates and 26 Leibniz Prize winners.
Kokand campaign (1875–1876)
The Kokand campaign of 1875–1876 (in Russian: Кокандский поход 1875–1876 гг.), was a military expedition of the troops of the Russian Empire with the aim of conquering the Khanate of Kokand between 1875 and 1876.

Syr Darya
The Syr Darya, historically known as the Jaxartes (/dʒækˈsɑːrtiːz/ jak-SAR-teez; Ancient Greek: Ἰαξάρτης), is a river in Central Asia. The name, which is Persian, literally means Syr Sea or Syr River. It originates in the Tian Shan mountains in Kyrgyzstan and eastern Uzbekistan, and flows for 2,256.25 kilometres (1,401.97 mi) west and north-west through Uzbekistan, Sughd province of Tajikistan, and southern Kazakhstan to the northern remnants of the Aral Sea. It is the northern and eastern of the two main rivers in the endorheic basin of the Aral Sea, the other being the Amu Darya.

During the Soviet era, extensive irrigation projects were constructed around both rivers, diverting their water into farmland and causing, during the post-Soviet era, the virtual disappearance of the Aral Sea, once the world's fourth-largest lake. The point at which the river flows from Tajikistan into Uzbekistan is, at 300 m (980 ft) above sea level, the lowest elevation in Tajikistan.
Martina Schild
Martina Schild (born 26 October 1981, in Brienz) is a Swiss alpine skier competing in downhill and super-G.

At the 2006 Winter Olympics, she won the silver medal in the women's downhill. She placed 6th in the women's super-G.

She is the granddaughter of skier Hedy Schlunegger (1923–2003), who was the Olympic downhill champion of 1948. Due to persistent back problems, Martina Schild announced her retirement from active ski racing before the start of the 2013/14 season.

Super-G
Super giant slalom, or super-G, is a racing discipline of alpine skiing. Along with the faster downhill, it is regarded as a "speed" event, in contrast to the technical events giant slalom and slalom. It debuted as an official World Cup event during the 1983 season and was added to the official schedule of the World Championships in 1987 and the Winter Olympics in 1988.

Much like downhill, a super-G course consists of widely set gates that racers must pass through. The course is set so that skiers must turn more than in downhill, though the speeds are still much higher than in giant slalom (hence the name). Each athlete only has one run to clock the best time. In the Olympics, super-G courses are usually set on the same slopes as the downhill, but with a lower starting point.
King Island Pluton
The King Island Pluton is a mid-to-late Miocene intrusion of syenite and alkali granite on the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada. It is over 20 km (12 mi) long and 2.5 km (1.6 mi) wide, extending from King Island in the west to the mainland in the east. The pluton is exposed in 1,000 m (3,300 ft) cliffs along the Dean and Burke channels west of Bella Coola.

The King Island Pluton is petrographically similar to the shield volcanoes in the central Anahim Volcanic Belt. As a result, the pluton is thought to represent the magma chamber of an extinct volcanic centre that has since eroded away. At the time of its formation, the pluton was emplaced 2 to 5 km (1.2 to 3.1 mi) below the surface.

Shield volcano
A shield volcano is a type of volcano named for its low profile, resembling a shield lying on the ground. It is formed by the eruption of highly fluid (low viscosity) lava, which travels farther and forms thinner flows than the more viscous lava erupted from a stratovolcano. Repeated eruptions result in the steady accumulation of broad sheets of lava, building up the shield volcano's distinctive form.

Shield volcanoes are found wherever fluid, low-silica lava reaches the surface of a rocky planet. However, they are most characteristic of ocean island volcanism associated with hot spots or with continental rift volcanism. They include the largest active volcanoes on Earth, such as Mauna Loa. Giant shield volcanoes are found on other planets of the Solar System, including Olympus Mons on Mars and Sapas Mons on Venus.
James H. Reid
James H. Reid, (1842 – March 7, 1919) was a 19th-century American Maritime pilot. He is best known for being the dean of the Boston pilots, serving for 55 years. He was captain of the famous yacht America for 17 years when she was owned by Benjamin F. Butler. In 1897, he built a new America, named after the America's Cup defender.

Maritime pilot
A maritime pilot, marine pilot, harbor pilot, port pilot, ship pilot, or simply pilot, is a mariner who has specific knowledge of an often dangerous or congested waterway, such as harbors or river mouths. Maritime pilots know local details such as depth, currents, and hazards. They board and temporarily join the crew to safely guide the ship's passage, so they must also have expertise in handling ships of all types and sizes. Obtaining the title "maritime pilot" requires being licensed or authorised by a recognised pilotage authority.
Kamui Gaiden
Kamui Gaiden (カムイ外伝) is a 2009 Japanese film directed by Yōichi Sai, based on Sanpei Shirato's manga series of the same title. The film is written by Sai and Kankurō Kudō, starring Kenichi Matsuyama in the title role. It premiered at Toronto International Film Festival on September 16, 2009, to mixed reviews. The English version was released as Kamui and the film was retitled Kamui: The Lone Ninja on the home video.

Kankurō Kudō
Kankurō Kudō (宮藤 官九郎, Kudō Kankurō; born July 19, 1970 in Miyagi Prefecture) is a Japanese screenwriter, dramatist, director, actor and member of the theater company Otona Keikaku. He won the 'Best Screenplay' award at the 2002 Japanese Academy Awards for Go, which explores problems faced by people of Korean-heritage living in Japan.

He acted in Crying Out Love, In the Center of the World, and is also guitarist in the Japanese comedy rock band Group Tamashii.
1981 TAA Formula Ford Driver to Europe Series
The 1981 TAA Formula Ford Driver to Europe Series was an Australian motor racing competition for Formula Ford racing cars.

The series, which was the twelfth Australian Formula Ford Series, was won by Phillip Revell driving a Lola T440.

Lola Cars
Lola Cars Limited is a British automobile manufacturer founded in 1958 by Eric Broadley in Bromley, England. The company is now owned by Till Bechtolsheimer, who purchased it in 2022. Lola Cars endured for more than fifty years to become one of the oldest and largest manufacturers of racing cars in the world. Lola started by building small front-engine sports cars, and branched out into Formula Junior cars before diversifying into a wider range of sporting vehicles. In 2012, Lola Cars stopped operations. Lola returned to motorsport in 2024 by joining the Formula E World Championship as an entrant and a powertrain supplier in a technical partnership with Yamaha.
Egli
Egli (Swiss German: from a pet form of the ancient Germanic personal name Egenolf or Egilolf (see Egloff)) is both a given name and a surname.
Notable people with the given name include:

Egli Kaja (born 1997), Albanian footballer

Notable people with the surname include:

Alphons Egli (1924–2016), Swiss politician

Jean-François Egli (1928–2023), judge on the Swiss Federal Supreme Court

André Egli (born 1958), Swiss footballer

Beatrice Egli (born 1988), Swiss singer

Charles Émile Egli (1877–1937), Swiss illustrator and painter

Fritz Egli (born 1937), Swiss motorcycle racer

Hans Egli, Swiss sports shooter

John Egli (1921-1982), American college men's basketball coach

Keith Egli (born c. 1962), Canadian politician

Paul Egli (1911–1997), Swiss road bicycle racer

Sam Egli (born 1952), American helicopter pilot and star of the US documentary "Grizzly Man"

Paul Egli
Paul Egli (18 August 1911 – 23 January 1997) was a Swiss professional road bicycle racer. He is most known for his silver and bronze medals in respectively the 1938 and the 1937 UCI Road World Championships. He was also the Swiss National Road Race champion in 1935 and 1936.
Vivian Baella
Vivian Isabel Baella Guevara (born August 3, 1992 in Rioja, Peru) is a Peruvian indoor volleyball and beach volleyball player who plays for the Peru national team. Vivian gained fame after her performance in the 2008 Youth South American Volleyball Championship.

Rioja, Peru
Rioja is the capital of Rioja Province in the San Martín Region in northern Peru. It is situated to the west of Moyobamba. There are 24,263 inhabitants according to the 2007 census.

The town is 848 metres above sea level and has a semi-humid subtropical climate.
Rollier
Rollier is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Auguste Rollier (1874-1954), Swiss physician known for research on Heliotherapy

Charles Rollier (1912–1968), Swiss painter

Baptiste Rollier (born 1982), Swiss orienteering competitor.

Francois Rollier (1915–1992), educated and when younger employed as a lawyer, joined the Michelin company in 1956

Michel Rollier (born 1944), French industrialist in the automobile industry

Michel Rollier
Michel Rollier (born 19 September 1944 in Annecy, Haute-Savoie, France) is a French industrialist in the automobile industry. On 26 May 2006, he succeeded his deceased cousin Édouard Michelin (the second), as chief executive officer of the Michelin tire company. In May 2012 Rollier was replaced by Jean-Dominique Senard and remained a board member until 2021.

Although not a descendant of Édouard Michelin (the elder and founder of the Michelin company), Michel Rollier is the uncle of Édouard Michelin who drowned during a fishing trip in May 2006. Michel Rollier is a son of François Rollier, a long time executive and finally CEO of Michelin from 1971 to 1974. He is the brother of Philippe Rollier, former CEO of Lafarge North America. Their family originates from Savoie, and contributed to the addition of the region of Savoie to France in 1860.
Capture effect
In a radio receiver, the capture effect is a phenomenon associated with reception in which only the stronger of two or more signals received within the bandwidth of the receiver passband will be demodulated. The Capture effect therefore enables frequency reuse of the same frequency by imposing a sufficient distance separation, e.g. AM capture effect is used with AM communications in the AM(R)S (Aeronautical mobile (R) service), or between FM-BC transmitters for the FM capture effect. Alternatively, the capture effect enables two-frequency ILS-Localizer (ILS-LOC) and ILS-Glide-Path (ILS-GP) transmitters to operate at airports in presence of strong reflections, e.g. due to terrain and buildings.

Beat frequency oscillator
In a radio receiver, a beat frequency oscillator or BFO is a dedicated oscillator used to create an audio frequency signal from Morse code radiotelegraphy (CW) transmissions to make them audible. The signal from the BFO is mixed with the received signal to create a heterodyne or beat frequency which is heard as a tone in the speaker. BFOs are also used to demodulate single-sideband (SSB) signals, making them intelligible, by essentially restoring the carrier that was suppressed at the transmitter. BFOs are sometimes included in communications receivers designed for short wave listeners; they are almost always found in communication receivers for amateur radio, which often receive CW and SSB signals.

The beat frequency oscillator was invented in 1901 by Canadian engineer Reginald Fessenden. What he called the "heterodyne" receiver was the first application of the heterodyne principle.