hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Volk
The German noun Volk (German pronunciation: [fɔlk]) translates to people, 
both uncountable in the sense of  people as in a crowd, and countable (plural Völker) in the sense of a people as in an  ethnic group or nation (compare the English term folk).

Within an English-language context, the German word is of interest primarily for its use in German philosophy, as in Volksseele ("national soul"), and in German nationalism – notably the derived adjective völkisch ("national, ethnic").

Crowd
A crowd is a group of people that have gathered for a common purpose or intent. Examples are a demonstration, a sports event, or a looting (classified in sociology as an acting crowd). A crowd may also simply be made up of many people going about their business in a busy area.

The term "the crowd" may sometimes refer to the lower orders of people in general.
Georges Spénale
Georges Spénale (French pronunciation: [ʒɔʁʒ spenal]; 29 November 1913, Carcassonne – 20 August 1983 at Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris) was a French official and politician. He was the president of the European Parliament from 11 March 1975 to 1977. He was also a member of the National Assembly for Tarn from 1962 to 1977, and a Senator for Tarn from 1977 to 1983.

Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital
Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital (French: Hôpital universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, IPA: [opital ynivɛʁsitɛːʁ də la pitje salpɛtʁijɛʁ]) is a charitable hospital in the 13th arrondissement of Paris. It is part of the AP-HP Sorbonne University Hospital Group and a teaching hospital of Sorbonne University.
Ravee Intaporn-udom
Ravee Intaporn-udom (born 14 August 1980) is a Thai swimmer. She represented Thailand at the SEA Games from 1993 to 2001, winning 17 gold medals, and competed twice at the Asian Games and in three events at the 1996 Summer Olympics. She now operates a children's swimming school.

SEA Games
The Southeast Asian Games, commonly known as SEA Games, is a biennial multi-sport event involving participants from the current 11 countries of Southeast Asia. The games are under the regulation of the Southeast Asian Games Federation with supervision by the International Olympic Committee and the Olympic Council of Asia.

The SEA Games is one of the five subregional Games of the Olympic Council of Asia, the others being South Asian Games, West Asian Games, East Asian Games, and Central Asian Games.
Super Pack 2
Super Pack 2 is a compilation album by hip hop group Fly Union. The album was released on February 28, 2013. The album compiles three EPs from Fly Union's Value Pack EP series (Value Pack 5, Value Pack 6 and Value Pack 7 (Zenith)). The album features guest appearances from artists Chip tha Ripper, and GLC.

Chip Tha Ripper
Charles Jawanzaa Worth (born October 20, 1986), known by his stage name Chip Tha Ripper (also known as King Chip), is an American rapper from Cleveland, Ohio. He is best known for his guest appearance on fellow Cleveland rapper Kid Cudi's 2013 single "Just What I Am," also was featured on Hyerr from Kid Cudi’s album Man on the moon. which received double platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Along with his association with Cudi, Worth has amassed numerous mixtapes tailored for the Cleveland area.
Selim Çürükkaya
Mehmet Selim Çürükkaya (born January 1, 1954), is a founding member and later dissident of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and a Kurdish writer and International PEN member. Çürükkaya lives in Germany and has published eight books, one translated into German and English.

PEN International
PEN International (known as International PEN until 2010) is a worldwide association of writers, founded in London in 1921 to promote friendship and intellectual co-operation among writers everywhere. The association has autonomous International PEN centres in more than 100 countries.

Other goals included: to emphasise the role of literature in the development of mutual understanding and world culture; to fight for freedom of expression; and to act as a powerful voice on behalf of writers harassed, imprisoned, and sometimes killed for their views.
Ghost (Phish song)
"Ghost" is a song from Phish's 1998 studio album The Story of the Ghost, in the key of A minor, Dorian mode. The lyrics of this song relate to the narrator's encounter with a ghost.

Live versions of "Ghost" are known to be considerably lengthy, as seen in such versions as 1997-07-01, 1997-07-03, 1997-07-23, and 2003-08-03, all of which are above 20 minutes, the latter clocking in at a length of 31:47. Other versions of "Ghost" generally range from 10 to 26 minutes. The studio version of the song, however, clocks in at a mere 3 minutes and 52 seconds.

"Ghost" premiered during Phish's 1997 European tour, on June 13, 1997 in Dublin (Ireland), and has been played 223 times in concert as of October, 2024.

For more on the birth, growth and progression of Ghost, check out Martin Acaster's song history from phish.net.

A minor
A minor is a minor scale based on A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. Its key signature has no flats or sharps. Its relative major is C major and its parallel major is A major.

The A natural minor scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The A harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:
Tell Rifaat Subdistrict
Tell Rifaat Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية تل رفعت, romanized: Nāḥiyah Tel Rif'at)  is a subdistrict of Azaz District in northwestern Aleppo Governorate of northern Syria. Administrative centre is the town of Tell Rifaat.

At the 2004 census, the subdistrict had a population of 43,781. By July 2023, the population of the Tell Rifaat subdistrict was estimated to be 45,130, of whom 28,586 were IDPs from other parts of Syria.

Aleppo Governorate
Aleppo Governorate (Arabic: محافظة حلب, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Ḥalab, [muˈħaːfaðˤat ˈħalab]; Kurmanji Kurdish: Parêzgeha Helebê) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is the most populous governorate in Syria with a population of more than 4,867,000 (2011 Est.), almost 23% of the total population of Syria. The governorate is the fifth in area with an area of 18,482 km2 (7,136 sq mi), or 18,498 square kilometres (7,142 sq mi)2, about 10% of the total area of Syria. The capital is the city of Aleppo.
Komakino Site
The Komakino Site (小牧野遺跡, Komakino iseki) is an archaeological site located in the city of Aomori, Aomori Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan containing the ruins of a late Jōmon period (approx. 2000–1500 BC) settlement.  The remains were designated a National Historic Site in 1995 by the Japanese government. The site is located a short distance (approximately 20 minutes by car) to the south of the famous Sannai-Maruyama Site.

Tōhoku region
The Tōhoku region (東北地方, Tōhoku-chihō; IPA: [toːhokɯ̥ tɕiꜜhoː]), Northeast region, Ōu region (奥羽地方, Ōu-chihō), or Northeast Japan (東北日本, Tōhoku Nihon) consists of the northeastern portion of Honshu, the largest island of Japan. This traditional region consists of six prefectures (ken): Akita, Aomori, Fukushima, Iwate, Miyagi, and Yamagata.

Tōhoku retains a reputation as a remote, scenic region with a harsh climate. In the 20th century, tourism became a major industry in the Tōhoku region.
Bank of Florida
Bank of Florida Corporation was a bank holding company based in Naples, Florida. The company operated 3 separate banks: Bank of Florida – Southwest, Bank of Florida – Southeast, and Bank of Florida – Tampa Bay.

On Friday, May 28, 2010, as a result of bank failure, the banks were shut down by the Florida Office of Financial Regulation. They were placed into receivership and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation was named receiver. The assets of the banks were sold to EverBank.

At the time of the failure, Francis Rooney, the former U.S. ambassador to the Vatican, was the largest single shareholder of the bank, owning 3.38%.

Bank holding company
A bank holding company is a company that controls one or more banks, but does not necessarily engage in banking itself. The compound bancorp (banc/bank + corp[oration]) or bancorporation is often used to refer to such companies as well, particularly in the United States.
Rudras
Rudras refer to the forms of the god Rudra, whose traditions have since been associated with Shiva. They make up eleven of the thirty-three gods in the Vedic pantheon. They are at times identified with the storm deities referred to as Maruts, while at other times considered distinct from them.

While the Vamana Purana describes Rudras as the sons of Kashyapa and Aditi, Maruts are described distinct from the Rudras as the 49 sons of Diti, sister of Aditi, and the attendants of Indra, rather than Rudra.

Brihadaranyaka Upanishad
The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (Sanskrit: बृहदारण्यकोपनिषद्, IAST: Bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣad) is one of the Principal Upanishads and one of the first Upanishadic scriptures of Hinduism. A key scripture to various schools of Hinduism, the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad is tenth in the Muktikā or "canon of 108 Upanishads".

The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad is estimated to have been composed about 7th–6th century BCE, excluding some parts estimated to have been composed after the Chandogya Upanishad. The Sanskrit language text is contained within the Shatapatha Brahmana, which is itself a part of the Shukla Yajur Veda.
The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad is a treatise on Ātman (Self), includes passages on metaphysics, ethics, and a yearning for knowledge that influenced various Indian religions, ancient and medieval scholars, and attracted secondary works such as those by Adi Shankara and Madhvacharya.
Kingston, Adams County, Illinois
Kingston is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Beverly and Richfield Townships, Adams County, Illinois, United States. Kingston is located along Illinois Route 104 southeast of Liberty.

Illinois Route 104
Illinois Route 104 is a state highway in central and western Illinois.  It extends from Illinois Route 29 near Taylorville, west over the Illinois River at Meredosia to its western terminus in downtown Quincy. This is a distance of 125.91 miles (202.63 km).
Kaiama L. Glover
Kaiama L. Glover is a translator and scholar of Black Studies, French and Literary Studies. She is a professor at Yale University in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Alongside her academic work, she is known for her translations of Frankétienne, Marie Chauvet, and René Depestre. She was formerly the Ann Whitney Olin Professor of French & Africana Studies at Barnard College, where she also served as Faculty Director for the Barnard Digital Humanities Center

Frankétienne
Jean-Pierre Basilic Dantor Franck Étienne d'Argent (Haitian Creole pronunciation: [fɣãŋ.ket.jɛ̃n]; 12 April 1936 – 20 February 2025), known by his pen name Frankétienne, was a Haitian writer, poet, playwright, and painter. He is recognized as one of Haiti's leading writers and playwrights in both French and Haitian Creole, and is "known as the father of Haitian letters". He was a candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2009, made a Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Order of the Arts and Letters), and was named UNESCO Artist for Peace in 2010.
Metta Victor
Metta Victor (née Metta Victoria Fuller; March 2, 1831 – June 26, 1885), who used the pen name Seeley Regester among others, was an American novelist, credited with authoring one of the first detective novels in the United States. She wrote more than 100 dime novels, pioneering the field.

Dime novel
The dime novel is a form of late 19th-century and early 20th-century American popular fiction issued in series of inexpensive paperbound editions. The term dime novel has been used as a catchall term for several different but related forms, referring to story papers, five- and ten-cent weeklies, "thick book" reprints, and sometimes early pulp magazines. Dime novels are similar in form and content to British penny dreadfuls and story papers, which were produced at the same time.

The term was used as a title as late as 1940, in the short-lived pulp magazine Western Dime Novels. In the modern age, the term dime novel has been used to refer to quickly written, lurid potboilers, usually as a pejorative to describe a sensationalized but superficial literary work.
Anders Göthberg
Anders Göthberg (9 October 1975 – 30 March 2008) was a Swedish guitarist.

Göthberg played guitar for Broder Daniel and Honey Is Cool. He lived his latter life in Stockholm with his girlfriend, artist Paola Bruna. Göthberg died of suicide by jumping from Västerbron in Stockholm. A memorial to Broder Daniel was raised in August 2014 at the site of the band's last concert in Slottsskogen during the Way Out West Festival in 2008, during which the band reunited one last time in memory of Göthberg.

Way Out West (festival)
Way Out West is an annual three-day music festival held in Gothenburg, Sweden, during August that plays host to a variety of popular music artists mainly from the rock, electronic and hip-hop genres. The main festival is complemented with the club concept Stay Out West which features after-hours gigs at various venues around the city.
Coleraine Central (District Electoral Area)
Coleraine Central was one of the four district electoral areas in Coleraine, Northern Ireland which existed from 1993 to 2014. The district elected six members to Coleraine Borough Council, and formed part of the East Londonderry constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1993 local elections, and contained the wards of Central, Churchland, Knocklynn, Mount Sandel, The Cuts and Waterside. It was abolished for the 2014 local elections and replaced with the Coleraine DEA.

1993 Coleraine Borough Council election
Elections to Coleraine Borough Council were held on 19 May 1993 on the same day as the other Northern Irish local government elections. The election used four district electoral areas to elect a total of 22 councillors.
Results of the 1882 New South Wales colonial election
The 1882 New South Wales colonial election was for 113 members representing 72 electoral districts. The election was conducted on the basis of a simple majority or first-past-the-post voting system. In this election there were 32 multi-member districts returning 73 members and 40 single member districts. In the multi-member districts each elector could vote for as many candidates as there were vacancies. 13 districts were uncontested. There was no recognisable party structure at this election. The average number of enrolled voters per seat was 1,701, ranging from East Maitland (984) to Wentworth (2,977).

The electoral boundaries were established under the Electoral Act 1880 (NSW), which provided that a district would return a second member if the electoral roll reached 3,000, a third member upon reaching 5,000 and a fourth member on reaching 8,000. At this election there were five districts which returned an additional member, Balmain, Bourke, Canterbury, Redfern and St Leonards.

Electoral district of St Leonards
St Leonards was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, created in 1859, partly replacing Sydney Hamlets, and named after the Sydney suburb of St Leonards, which then included North Sydney, its main settlement. It extended from North Sydney to Broken Bay, including the Northern Beaches. It elected one member from 1859 to 1882, two members from 1882 to 1889 and three members from 1889 to 1894. With the abolition of multi-member constituencies in 1894, it was replaced by the single-member electorates of St Leonards, Warringah and Willoughby. In 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation, it was absorbed into North Shore.
May Uprising
The May Uprising (Armenian: Մայիսյան ապստամբություն, romanized: Mayisyan apstambutyun) was a failed Armenian Bolshevik rebellion against the government of the First Republic of Armenia. It started in Alexandopol (today Gyumri) on May 10, 1920 and was eventually suppressed by the Armenian government on May 14, with its leaders executed or exiled. Although the revolt failed, Armenia was eventually Sovietized after the 11th Army of Soviet Russia invaded the country in November 1920 and the Turkish Nationalists occupied the western half of the country. The revolt and its executed leaders were praised in Soviet Armenia until the late 1980s, when the Karabakh movement began and anti-Soviet sentiment rose in the Armenian republic. The revolt remains a controversial topic in post-Soviet Armenia.

11th Army (Soviet Union)
The 11th Army (Russian: 11-я армия) was an army of the Red Army during World War II. The army was formed in the Belarusian Special Military District (BSMD) in 1939 from the former Minsk Army Group. It fought in the Soviet invasion of Poland, the Baltic Operation, the Demyansk Pocket, and the Battle of Kursk. The army disbanded in December 1943.
Centerpoint School District
The Centerpoint School District is based in Rosboro, Arkansas, United States. The school district encompasses 209.66 square miles (543.0 km2) of land including portions of Pike, Hot Spring, Garland, and Clark counties. Within Pike County, it serves almost all of Glenwood, and within Clark County it serves Amity and Alpine.

Jody Cowart began his tenure as superintendent July 1, 2022, replacing Dan Breshears. Former superintendents also include Dr. Anne Butcher, Lewis Diggs, and Curtis Turner, Jr.

Clark County, Arkansas
Clark County is a county located in the south-central part of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 21,446. The county seat is Arkadelphia. The Arkadelphia, AR Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Clark County.
D. J. Scourfield
David Joseph Scourfield ISO FLS FRMS (October 20, 1866 – October 3, 1949) was a British civil servant and biologist known as an authority on the Cladocera. He served as president of the Quekett Microscopical Club and vice president of the Royal Microscopical Society. Born in Bow, London, he was hired by the Royal Mint at age 20 and worked there until his retirement in 1926, when he was awarded the Imperial Service Order for his services. 
His scientific career primarily took place after retirement from civil service, publishing on fossil and living freshwater crustaceans. He died at his home in Leytonstone at the age of 83.

He has been honoured in the names of two types of marine taxa, in 1912, botanist George Stephen West published Scourfieldia, which is a genus of green algae in the family Scourfieldiaceae.
Then in 1975, I.Manton published Pseudoscourfieldia (in the  Pycnococcaceae family).

Pseudoscourfieldiaceae
Pseudoscourfieldiaceae, formerly Pycnococcaceae is a family of green algae in the order Pseudoscourfieldiales. The defining features of this family include the single invagination of the pyrenoid where the mitochondrial membrane fits into it and the "decapore" - a ring of 10 pores through the thick cell wall.

The family was renamed to Pseudoscourfieldiaceae in 2024 by Crépeault et al., who also determined via ptDNA and mtDNA analyses, that Pycnococcus provasolii is a junior synonym of Pseudoscourfieldia marina.
Heriveus (archbishop of Reims)
Heriveus of Reims (died 2 July 922) was a West Frankish churchman and political advisor. In 900, he was consecrated archbishop of Reims, holding this position until his death. Heriveus's tenure was marked by the genesis of the duchy of Normandy and the growing discord between the Carolingian king Charles the Simple and his Robertian rival Robert of Neustria.

Charles the Simple
Charles III (17 September 879 – 7 October 929), called the Simple or the Straightforward (from the Latin Carolus Simplex), was the king of West Francia from 898 until 922 and the king of Lotharingia from 911 until 919–923. He was a member of the Carolingian dynasty.
Arizona Charlie
Abram Henson Meadows (March 10, 1860 – December 9, 1932), also known as Charlie Meadows and Arizona Charlie, was an American showman and sharpshooter, and a contemporary of "Buffalo Bill" Cody whose Wild West Show inspired Meadows to pursue his own performing career.

Meadows was born on March 10, 1859, along Elbow Creek near modern-day Visalia, California, the 6th of 12 children of John Meadows Sr.  After Abraham Lincoln became president, his father changed his name to Charles to move the family to a ranch in Diamond Valley north of Payson, Arizona. On July 15, 1882, John Meadows Sr. was killed by a party of Cibecue Apaches led by Natiotish, who killed his elder brother Henry, leaving him the man of the house.  In 1884 Charlie and John C. Chilson organized the Payson Rodeo, in Payson, Arizona which claims to be America's oldest continuous rodeo.

Meadows died on December 9, 1932, in Yuma, Arizona, at the age of 73.

Wild West shows
Wild West shows were traveling vaudeville performances in the United States and Europe that existed around 1870–1920. The shows began as theatrical stage productions and evolved into open-air shows that depicted romanticized stereotypes of cowboys, Plains Indians, army scouts, outlaws, and wild animals that existed in the American West. While some of the storylines and characters were based on historical events, others were fictional or sensationalized.

American Indians in particular were portrayed in a sensationalistic and exploitative manner. The shows introduced many western performers and personalities, and romanticized the American frontier, to a wide audience.
Georges Bernanos
Louis Émile Clément Georges Bernanos (French: [ʒɔʁʒ bɛʁnanɔs]; 20 February 1888 – 5 July 1948) was a French author, and a soldier in World War I. A Catholic with monarchist leanings, he was critical of elitist thought and was opposed to what he identified as defeatism. He believed this had led to France's defeat and eventual occupation by Germany in 1940 during World War II. His two best-known novels Sous le soleil de Satan (1926) and the Journal d'un curé de campagne (1936) both revolve around a parish priest who combats evil and despair in the world. Most of his novels have been translated into English and frequently published in both Great Britain and the United States.

Monarchism
Monarchism is the advocacy of the system of monarchy or monarchical rule. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government independently of any specific monarch, whereas one who supports a particular monarch is a royalist. Conversely, the opposition to monarchical rule is referred to as republicanism.
KBEU
KBEU (92.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve the community of Bearden, Arkansas. The station is owned by Radio Works, Inc. It airs a news/talk radio format.

The station was assigned the KBEU call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on November 14, 2013.

2013 in radio
The following is a list of events affecting radio broadcasting in 2013. Events listed include radio program debuts, finales, cancellations, and station launches, closures and format changes, as well as information about controversies.
Flag of Albania
The national flag of Albania depicts a silhouetted black double-headed eagle in the center of a red background. The red stands for bravery, strength, valour and bloodshed, while the eagle – traditionally the symbol of Albanians – represents the sovereign state of Albania. The flag was established as the national flag of Albania when the country gained its independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1912.

Zër' i Popullit
Zër' i Popullit ('The People's Voice') was an Albanian language (Tosk dialect) weekly newspaper published in New York City, United States from 1912–1913. Kristo Floqi was the owner and chief editor of the newspaper. The newspaper carried some articles in English language. The issues of the newspaper consisted of four pages and had a 37 × 52 centimetre format.