hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Operation Donnerschlag
During World War II, the German military planned or undertook an operation named Donnerschlag ("Thunderclap" in German).

The December 1942 German Army plan called for a breakout from the besieged city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) by the German Sixth Army and there meet up with the relief Operation Wintergewitter.  Donnerschlag was to be the code word for the commencement of Operation Wintergewitter.  The operation was downgraded and converted into a defensive stance after Hermann Göring's boast that the Luftwaffe would resupply the surrounded troops at Stalingrad.  This effort eventually failed, and the Sixth Army, encircled by the Red Army as a result of Operation Uranus, surrendered in early February 1943.

6th Army (Wehrmacht)
The 6th Army (German: 6. Armee) was a field army of the German Army during World War II. It is widely known for its defeat by and subsequent surrender to the Red Army at the Battle of Stalingrad on 2 February 1943. It committed war crimes at Babi Yar while under the command of Field Marshal Walther von Reichenau during Operation Barbarossa.

The 6th Army was reformed in March 1943, and participated in fighting in Ukraine and later Romania, before being almost completely destroyed in the Second Jassy-Kishinev Offensive in August 1944. Following this it would fight in Hungary, attempting to relieve Budapest, and subsequently retreating into Austria in the Spring of 1945. 6th Army surrendered to US Army forces on 9 May 1945.
Raglan Lodge
Raglan Lodge is a Grade II* listed building in Beaufort Square, Chepstow, Monmouthshire, Wales.    Though the frontage dates from the early 19th century, parts of the building date from the medieval period and the ground floor vaulted hall was probably the town's 14th century moot hall.  The building has been refurbished and was until recently used as a backpackers' hostel.

Moot hall
A moot hall is a meeting or assembly building, traditionally to decide local issues.

In Anglo-Saxon England, a low ring-shaped earthwork served as a moot hill or moot mound, where the elders of the hundred would meet to take decisions. Some of these acquired permanent buildings, known as moot halls.

Surviving moot halls include:

Moot Hall, Aldeburgh

Moot Hall, Appleby

Moot Hall, Brampton

Moot Hall, Daventry

Moot Hall, Elstow

Moot Hall, Hexham

Moot Hall, Holton le Moor

Moot Hall, Keswick

Moot Hall, Newcastle upon Tyne

Moot Hall, Newark-on-Trent

Moot Hall, Maldon

Moot Hall, Mansfield

Moot Hall, St Albans

Moot Hall, Steeple Bumpstead

Moot Hall, Wirksworth
Joseline Hernandez
Joseline Hernandez (born November 3, 1986) is a Puerto Rican reality television personality, rapper, and actress. She is best known for starring in the first six seasons of the VH1 reality television series Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta and the spin-off Stevie J & Joseline: Go Hollywood with Stevie J. She also stars in and co-produces a show on Zeus Network reality series Joseline's Cabaret which premiered in 2020.

We TV
We TV is an American cable television channel owned by AMC Networks. The channel primarily airs lifestyle and entertainment programming targeting women, including reality television programs and acquired series.

The channel originally launched on September 1, 1997 as Romance Classics, a spin-off of AMC focusing primarily on romance films. It first adopted its current branding on January 1, 2001, pivoting to a general entertainment format targeting women. Later shifts in its programming have included a focus on reality series, and programming targeting African American women.

As of November 2023, We TV is available to approximately 64,000,000 pay television households in the United States-down from its 2017 peak of 87,000,000 households.
Juan Antonio Ramos
Juan Antonio Ramos Sánchez (born 18 August 1976 in Barcelona) is a Spanish taekwondo practitioner.

He is a two-time world champion, winning the finweight title in 1997 and the flyweight title in 2007.  He also competed for Spain at the 2004 and 2008 Olympic Games, finishing fourth and equal fifth respectively. He is married to Brigitte Yagüe, also successful in taekwondo. He was a coach at the 2012 Olympic Games for Anthony Obame of Gabon, where Obame won Silver medal in men's heavyweight.

Now Ramos is the French national team coach.

Gabon at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Gabon competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, from 27 July to 12 August 2012. This was the nation's ninth appearance at the Olympics; the nation did not participate at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal and 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, affected by the African and the American-led boycott, respectively.

The Gabon Olympic Committee (French: Comité Olympique Gabonais) sent the nation's largest delegation ever to the Games. A total of 24 athletes, 22 men and 2 women, competed in 5 sports. Men's football was the only team sport in which Gabon was represented at these Olympic games. Sprinter Ruddy Zang Milama was the nation's flag bearer at the opening ceremony.

Gabon left London with its first ever Olympic medal. Taekwondo jin Anthony Obame won the silver in the men's super heavyweight division, narrowly losing to Italy's Carlo Molfetta in the final.
1983–84 Cuban National Series
The 23rd Cuban National Series marked the first time the league was divided into two divisions, each consisting of nine teams, after the first half of the season. The 18 teams of the league remained unchanged, but the length of schedule was increased from 51 games to 75 games.

Citricultores, from Matanzas Province, became champion of the first division, and Forestales, from Pinar del Río Province, became champion of the second division.

Cuban National Series
The Cuban National Series (Spanish: Serie Nacional de Béisbol, or SNB) is a domestic baseball competition in Cuba. Formed after the dissolution of the Cuban League in the wake of the Cuban Revolution, the National Series is a part of the Cuban baseball league system.

For most of its existence, the National Series has existed as the top-level winter league in Cuba. From 2022 to 2024, it operated as a summer league, with the top six National Series teams qualifying for the Cuban Elite League (LEB). Starting with the 2025–26 season, SNB will return to a winter league schedule, while still qualifying teams to the LEB.
No One Else on Earth
"No One Else on Earth" is a song by American country music artist Wynonna Judd, released as the third single from her eponymous solo debut album on August 25, 1992. The track was written by Jill Colucci, Stewart Harris, and Sam Lorber and was produced by Tony Brown.  It featured lead guitar from session guitarist Steuart Smith.

The song became a huge success for Wynonna, topping the US Hot Country Songs chart for four weeks, becoming the longest running number one single by a female artist since Dolly Parton's "Here You Come Again" spent five weeks atop in 1977. It was also the album's third number one single following "She Is His Only Need" and "I Saw the Light". The song was later remixed and released in the UK in 1994, re-titled "No One Else on Earth '94"; the official music video for the song uses this remix. Because of its success, the song has been regarded as Wynonna's signature song.

Here You Come Again (song)
"Here You Come Again" is a song written by Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil, and recorded by American entertainer Dolly Parton. It was released as a single in September 1977 as the title track from Parton's album of the same name, topped the U.S. country singles chart for five weeks, and was nominated for the 1978 Grammy award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance; it also reached number three on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, representing Parton's first significant pop crossover hit.
Geoffrey Blythe (divine)
Geoffrey Blythe, LL.D. (died 1542), was an English divine.

Blythe is supposed to have been a nephew of Geoffrey Blythe, bishop of Lichfield and Coventry. He was educated at Eton, and elected thence to King's College, Cambridge, in 1515 (B.A. 1520–1; M.A. 1523). He became a prebendary of Lichfield in 1520, and was appointed master of King's Hall, Cambridge, in 1528, in which year he occurs as vicar of Chesterton, Cambridgeshire.

In 1529 he commenced LL.D., and his grace for that degree states that he had studied at Louvain. He held the archdeaconry of Stafford for a few days in 1530, and on 7 June in that year he was admitted treasurer of the church of Lichfield, with which he held the precentorship. Blythe was one of the divines who preached at Cambridge against Hugh Latimer. He was buried at All Saints', Cambridge, on 8 March 1541–2.

Prebendary
A prebendary is a member of the Catholic or Anglican clergy, a form of canon with a role in the administration of a cathedral or collegiate church.  When attending services, prebendaries sit in particular seats, usually at the back of the choir stalls, known as prebendal stalls.
2017–18 Southeastern Conference women's basketball season
The 2017–18 Southeastern Conference women's basketball season began with practices in October 2017, followed by the start of the 2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season in November. Conference play started in late December 2017 and concluded in February 2018, followed by the 2018 SEC women's basketball tournament at the Bridgestone Arena in Nashville, Tennessee.

2018 SEC women's basketball tournament
The 2018 Southeastern Conference women's basketball tournament was the postseason women's basketball tournament for the Southeastern Conference held at Bridgestone Arena in Nashville, Tennessee, from February 28 through March 4, 2018. South Carolina defeated the regular-season champions Mississippi State to earn an automatic bid to the 2018 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament.
Xugezhuang
Xugezhuang is a former village (simplified Chinese: 胥各庄; traditional Chinese: 胥各莊; pinyin: Xūgèzhuāng) and modern town (胥各庄镇; Xūgèzhuāng Zhèn) of Fengnan District in Hebei, China.

It was the terminus of the second railway to be constructed in China after the abortive Woosung Railway in Shanghai. The six-mile Kaiping Tramway opened to traffic in 1881 and ran from the collieries at Tangshan to Xugezhuang (then known as Hsuokochuang), whence a canal connected it to Lutai and the river network between Beijing and Tianjin. It eventually grew into the Imperial Railways of North China and the modern Jingshan and Jingha Railways.

Beijing–Harbin railway
The Beijing–Harbin railway, or the Jingha Railway (simplified Chinese: 京哈铁路; traditional Chinese: 京哈鐵路; pinyin: Jīnghā Tiělù), is the railway that connects Beijing with Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang Province. It spans 1,249 km (776 mi). It is a very prominent route in the provinces of northeastern China.
South East Asian Mathematics Competition
The South East Asian Mathematics Competition (SEAMC) is an annual three-day non-profit mathematics competition for Southeast Asian students at different grade levels. It is a qualifying competition for invitation to the World Mathematics Championships.

Teams have participated from China, Thailand, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Nepal.

Host venue locations of the SEAMC changes annually. An online version was held due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

British School Manila
The British School Manila (abbreviated as BSM) is a private, non-profit international school in the Philippines. The school provides British education for children ages 3–18, following an adapted form of a British Curriculum and the IB Diploma. BSM students are prepared for end of Key Stage tests in Primary, GCSEs at 16, the IB Diploma at 18 and for life beyond school and university.
Sir George Morton, 1st Baronet
Sir George Morton, 1st Baronet (died 1662), was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1626.

Morton was the son of Sir George Morton of Milborne St Andrew, Dorset, and his wife Joan Holloway of Walton. He succeeded to the estate of Milborne on the death of his father in 1611, and was created baronet "of Milbourne St Andrew in the County of Dorset" on 1 March 1619. In 1626, he was elected Member of Parliament for Dorset. He was a faithful Royalist during the English Civil War.

Morton married firstly Catharine Hopton, daughter of Sir Arthur Hopton, of Witham. He married secondly Anne Willoughby,  widow of Sir Rotherham Willoughby who had died by July 1634, and daughter of Sir Richard Wortley, of Wortley, Yorkshire. He was succeeded by his son John.

Milborne St Andrew
Milborne St Andrew is a village and civil parish in the county of Dorset in southern England. It is situated on the A354 road, 9 miles (14 kilometres) northeast of the county town Dorchester, in a winterbourne valley on the dip slope of the Dorset Downs. In the 2011 census the parish had 472 dwellings, 453 households and a population of 1,062.
Phyllonorycter bicinctella
Phyllonorycter bicinctella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Hokkaido island of Japan and the Russian Far East.

The larvae feed on Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, Quercus crispula and Ulmus pumila. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Ulmus pumila
Ulmus pumila, the Siberian elm, is a tree native to Asia. It is also known as the Asiatic elm and dwarf elm, but sometimes mistakenly called the "Chinese" elm (Ulmus parvifolia). U. pumila has been widely cultivated throughout Asia, North America, Argentina, and southern Europe, becoming naturalized in many places, notably across much of the United States.
Munglinup, Western Australia
Munglinup is a small town located in the Shire of Ravensthorpe in the Goldfields–Esperance region of Western Australia.

The town lies on the South Coast Highway between Ravensthorpe and Esperance and close to the Munglinup River.  The river for most of its course defines the boundary of the Esperance and Ravensthorpe shires.  At the Oldfield Estuary, the boundary goes to the eastern shore.

The word Munglinup is Noongar in origin and means where young people met their in-laws. The name first appears on maps made by the Dempster brothers, early settlers of the area in 1868.

The region was first opened up for farming in the late 1950s.  By the early 1960s, the community asked for a townsite between Esperance and Ravensthorpe to be considered. The townsite was surveyed in 1961 and gazetted in 1962.

The surrounding areas produce wheat and other cereal crops. The town is a receival site for Cooperative Bulk Handling.

South Coast Highway
South Coast Highway is a Western Australian highway. It is a part of the Highway 1 network.

With a length of 592 kilometres (368 mi), it runs from Esperance to Walpole roughly in parallel to Western Australia's south coast. Even then the journey is pretty much inland.

Approximately 40 kilometres (25 mi) from Ravensthorpe lies the Fitzgerald River National Park with beaches, coastal and mountain walking trails and wildflowers. There are three more national parks with abundant wildlife along the journey to Walpole. Albany is a former whaling town and is rich in history.

Beyond Walpole, Highway 1 continues as South Western Highway to Perth. Beyond Esperance, Highway 1 continues as Coolgardie–Esperance Highway to Norseman.
Kuri Prathap
Prathap, better known as Kuri Prathap, is an Indian actor in the Kannada film industry. He made his debut in the movie Sixer (2007), and went on to cast in many commercial films. Some  films Prathap worked as an actor include Mylari (2010), Godfather (2012), Brindavana (2013), and Auto Raja (2013).

Udaya TV
Udaya TV is an Indian Kannada language general entertainment pay television channel owned by Sun TV Network. Udaya TV is telecast in several nations like India, some Gulf countries and the United States. Udaya TV was launched on 1 June 1994.
John Paul Jones (Louisiana politician)
John Paul Jones was a state senator in Louisiana. He represented Bienville Parish from 1912 to 1916. He succeeded Rush Wimberly in the state senate. He lived in the Jones House. He was a Democrat. A. R. Johnson succeeded him.

Bienville Parish, Louisiana
Bienville Parish (French: Paroisse de Bienville, pronounced [paʁwas də bjɛ̃vil]) is a parish located in the northwestern portion of the U.S. state of Louisiana. At the 2020 census, the population was 12,981. The parish seat and most populous municipality is Arcadia.

The highest natural point in Louisiana, a hill known as Mt. Driskill, 535 feet (163 m) in elevation, is located in north central Bienville Parish. The mountain is located on private land with public access by walking trail. It is named for James Christopher Driskill, a 19th-century landowner. Nearby is Jordan Mountain, with an elevation of 493 feet (150 m).
Timeline of the feminist art movement in New Zealand
This is a timeline of the feminist art movement in New Zealand (or Aotearoa/New Zealand as it is often known in inclusive circles). It lists important figures, collectives, publications, exhibitions and moments that have contributed to discussion and development of the movement. For the indigenous Māori population, the emergence of the feminist art movement broadly coincided with the emergence of Māori Renaissance.

Te Papa
The Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa is New Zealand's national museum and is located in Wellington.  Usually known as Te Papa (Māori for 'the treasure box'), it opened in 1998 after the merging of the National Museum of New Zealand and the National Art Gallery. An average of more than 1.1 million people visit every year, making it the 58th-most-visited art gallery in the world in 2023. Te Papa operates under a bicultural philosophy, and emphasises the living stories behind its cultural treasures.
Di Lauro
Di Lauro or DiLauro is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cosimo Di Lauro, Italian gangster of the Di Lauro clan

Marco Di Lauro, Italian gangster of the Di Lauro clan

Paolo Di Lauro, Italian gangster of the Di Lauro clan

Christian DiLauro, American football player

Jack DiLauro (1943–2024), American baseball player

Christian DiLauro
Christian Joseph DiLauro (born November 11, 1994) is an American professional football offensive tackle. He played college football for the Illinois Fighting Illini. DiLauro signed with the Cleveland Browns as an undrafted free agent in 2018 and has also been a member of several other NFL teams.
Star Mountains Rural LLG
Star Mountains Rural LLG is a local-level government situated in the Star Mountains in North Fly District of Western Province of Papua New Guinea. In the year 2000, the LLG had 1691 homes, and a population of 12,114 people. (6776 men and 5338 women) The current population is more likely to now be around 15,000 people. The main population centre in the LLG is Tabubil. Finalbin and the Ok Tedi Mine are also in this LLG.

Neighboring Pegunungan Bintang Regency (meaning 'Star Mountains' in Indonesian) in Indonesia is also similarly named.

Western Province (Papua New Guinea)
Western Province is a coastal province in southwestern Papua New Guinea, bordering the Indonesian provinces of Highland Papua and South Papua. The provincial capital is Daru. The largest town in the province is Tabubil. Other major settlements are Kiunga, Ningerum, Olsobip and Balimo.

The provincial government has, as with the governments of  North Solomons, Chimbu and Northern provinces, sought to change the name of the province. The government uses the name Fly River Provincial Government; however, this remains unofficial as it has not been changed in the Constitution of Papua New Guinea.
Low anterior resection syndrome
Low anterior resection syndrome is a complication of lower anterior resection, a type of surgery performed to remove the rectum, typically for rectal cancer. It is characterized by changes to bowel function that affect quality of life, and includes symptoms such as fecal incontinence, incomplete defecation or the sensation of incomplete defecation (rectal tenesmus), obstructed defecation, changes in stool frequency or consistency, unpredictable bowel function, and painful defecation (dyschezia). Treatment options include symptom management, such as use of enemas, or surgical management, such as creation of a colostomy.

Rectal tenesmus
Rectal tenesmus is a feeling of incomplete defecation.  It is the sensation of inability or difficulty to empty the bowel at defecation, even if the bowel contents have already been evacuated. Tenesmus indicates the feeling of a residue, and is not always correlated with the actual presence of residual fecal matter in the rectum. It is frequently painful and may be accompanied by involuntary straining and other gastrointestinal symptoms. Tenesmus has both a nociceptive and a neuropathic component.

Often, rectal tenesmus is simply called tenesmus. The term rectal tenesmus is a retronym to distinguish defecation-related tenesmus from vesical tenesmus. Vesical tenesmus is a similar condition, experienced as a feeling of incomplete voiding despite the bladder being empty.

Tenesmus is a closely related topic to obstructed defecation. The term is from Latin  tēnesmus, from Ancient Greek  τεινεσμός (teinesmos), from  τείνω (teínō) 'to stretch, strain'.
Cappa (surname)
Cappa is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adam Cappa (born 1985), American musician

Andrea Cappa (born 1993), Italian football player

Ángel Cappa (born 1946), Argentine football manager and former player

Alex Cappa (born 1995), American football player

Benedetta Cappa (1897–1977), Italian artist

Goffredo Cappa (1644–1717), Italian luthier

Guglielmo Cappa (1844–1905), Italian engineer

Paolo Cappa (1888–1956), Italian journalist, lawyer and politician

Catherine Scorsese, née Cappa (1912–1997), Italian-American actress

Goffredo Cappa
Goffredo Cappa (1644–1717), also known as Gioffredo Cappa or Jofredus Cappa, was an Italian luthier, known for his violins and cellos.

Cappa was born in Saluzzo.  After working with the Amati family in Cremona he set up his own workshop in Saluzzo.  He died in Saluzzo,6 August 1717
DeWitt Parshall
DeWitt Parshall (1864-1956) was an American painter, based in Montecito, California since 1916. One of his paintings is held by the Metropolitan Museum of Art, though not currently on view.

He is the father of American painter and muralist, Douglass Ewell Parshall.

Montecito, California
Montecito (archaic use of Spanish for woodland or countryside) is an unincorporated town in Santa Barbara County, California, United States. Located on the Central Coast of California, Montecito sits between the Santa Ynez Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. Montecito is best known for its concentration of prominent and wealthy residents. In 2024, the median home price was $7.5 million. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Montecito as a census-designated place (CDP). The population as of 2022 is approximately 8,638 residents.
Belgium at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Belgium competed at the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, China, from 4 to 20 February 2022.

The Belgian team consisted of 19 athletes (11 men and 8 women) competing in eight sports.

Loena Hendrickx and Armand Marchant were the country's flagbearers during the opening ceremony. Short track speed skater Hanne Desmet was the flagbearer during the closing ceremony.

2022 Winter Olympics closing ceremony
The 2022 Winter Olympics closing ceremony was held at the Beijing National Stadium in Beijing on 20 February 2022. As mandated by the Olympic Charter, the proceedings are expected to combine the formal ceremonial closing of this international sporting event (including closing speeches, hoisting of the flags, the parade of athletes, and the handover of the Olympic flag) with an artistic spectacle to showcase the culture and history of the current and next host nation (Italy) for the 2026 Winter Olympics in Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo.

The closing ceremony was directed by film director and producer Zhang Yimou, who also directed the opening ceremonies of the 2022 Winter Olympics and previously directed and produced the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2008 Summer Olympics.