hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Melde's experiment
Melde's experiment is a scientific experiment carried out in 1859 by the German physicist Franz Melde on the standing waves produced in a tense cable originally set oscillating by a tuning fork, later improved with connection to an electric vibrator. This experiment, "a lecture-room standby", attempted to demonstrate that mechanical waves undergo interference phenomena. In the experiment, mechanical waves traveled in opposite directions form immobile points, called nodes. These waves were called standing waves by Melde since the position of the nodes and loops (points where the cord vibrated) stayed static.

Standing waves were first discovered by Franz Melde, who coined the term "standing wave" around 1860. Melde generated parametric oscillations in a string by employing a tuning fork to periodically vary the tension at twice the resonance frequency of the string.

Tuning fork
A tuning fork is an acoustic resonator in the form of a two-pronged fork with the prongs (tines) formed from a U-shaped bar of elastic metal (usually steel). It resonates at a specific constant pitch when set vibrating by striking it against a surface or with an object, and emits a pure musical tone once the high overtones fade out. A tuning fork's pitch depends on the length and mass of the two prongs. They are traditional sources of standard pitch for tuning musical instruments.

The tuning fork was invented in 1711 by British musician John Shore, sergeant trumpeter and lutenist to the royal court.
Dwayne Jiles
Dwayne Earl Jiles (born November 23, 1961) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for the Philadelphia Eagles and New York Giants.  He was born in Linden, Texas, played college football for the Texas Tech Red Raiders and was selected in the fifth round of the 1985 NFL draft with the 121st overall pick.

In his professional career, Jiles played in 61 games and started eight over five seasons.

Texas Tech Red Raiders football
The Texas Tech Red Raiders football program is a college football team that represents Texas Tech University (variously "TTU"). The Red Raiders competes as a member of the Big 12 Conference, which is a Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The program began in 1925 and has an overall winning record, including a total of 12 conference titles and one conference division title. On November 8, 2021, Joey McGuire was hired as the team's 17th head football coach, replacing Matt Wells, who was fired in the middle of the 2021 season. Home games are played at Jones AT&T Stadium in Lubbock, Texas.
Eduardo de Figueroa, 8th Count of Yebes
Eduardo de Figueroa y Alonso-Martínez, 8th Count of Yebes (20 September 1899 – 11 July 1984) was a Spanish aristocrat, architect, politician and writer. He was a member of parliament for Barbastro, fellow of the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando and president of the National Board of Trophy Hunting Homologation.

Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando
The Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando (RABASF; transl. 'Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando'), located on the Calle de Alcalá in the centre of Madrid, currently functions as a museum and gallery. A public law corporation, it is integrated together with other Spanish royal academies in the Instituto de España.
Tinsley, South Yorkshire
Tinsley is a suburb of north-eastern Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England; it falls within the Darnall ward of the city.

The area is associated with:

The former Tinsley Marshalling Yard, which was used between 1965 and 1998 to separate railway wagons from incoming freight trains and add them to new trains.

The former Tinsley railway maintenance depot between 1964 and 1998; at its peak, 200 locomotives were allocated here.

The former Tinsley Towers.

Tinsley Viaduct, which carries the M1 motorway across the Don Valley.

It was formerly in the West Riding of Yorkshire.

M1 motorway
The M1 motorway connects London to Leeds, where it joins the A1(M) near Aberford, to connect to Newcastle. It was the first inter-urban motorway to be completed in the UK; the first motorway in the country was the Preston Bypass, which later became part of the M6.

The motorway is 193 miles (311 km) long and was constructed in four phases. Most of the motorway was opened between 1959 and 1968. The southern end was extended in 1977 and the northern end was extended in 1999.

It is also the second longest motorway in the country with the M6 motorway being the longest at 232 miles (373 km).
South Arapaho Peak
South Arapaho Peak is in the Indian Peaks Wilderness in the northern Front Range of the Rocky Mountains of North America.  The 13,397-foot (4,083 m) thirteener is located west-southwest of the Town of Ward, Colorado, United States, just east of the Continental Divide separating Roosevelt National Forest and Boulder County from Arapaho National Forest and Grand County.

Between South Arapaho Peak and neighboring North Arapaho Peak sits Arapaho Glacier, which is owned by the City of Boulder as part of its water supply.  North and South Arapahoe Peaks are connected by a 0.8 mile, Class 4 connecting ridge. West of these peaks is Arapaho Pass.

Arapaho Glacier
Arapaho Glacier is an alpine glacier in a cirque immediately southeast of North Arapaho Peak, in Roosevelt National Forest in the U.S. state of Colorado. The glacier is just east of the Continental Divide. Arapaho Glacier is the largest glacier in the state of Colorado and helps provide water for the city of Boulder, Colorado. The glacier has a negative glacier mass balance and lost over 52% of its surface area during the 20th Century.
Susan Soltero
Susan Soltero (born July 7, 1961) is a weather forecaster, journalist, and TV personality from Puerto Rico, appearing weekly on Univision Puerto Rico, and daily on WALO-AM and WIAC-FM. She was born in Hato Rey, Puerto Rico. Soltero has a bachelor of arts in communications and television broadcasting from the University of Michigan, and a certificate in global warming from the University of Puerto Rico. She is also certified as a meteorologist by the National Weather Service, as well as being an official animal cruelty investigator for the Department of Health of Puerto Rico. Soltero's incessant efforts to protect the environment and animal rights in Puerto Rico—as well as her numerous environmental news reports, her cheerful and adventurous style, and her ability to communicate effectively in layman's terms—have led her to become a renowned figure for these causes on the island.

Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board
The Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board —Spanish: Junta de Calidad Ambiental de Puerto Rico (JCA)— is the principal environmental protection regulator in Puerto Rico. The Board is attached to the Office of the Governor of Puerto Rico. Its 3 members and one alternate member are appointed by the Governor of Puerto Rico with the advice and consent of the Senate.  The governor appoints one of its members as chairman of the board.
Metro Arlington Xpress
The Metro Arlington Xpress (MAX) was a public transit system serving Arlington, Texas, a city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. MAX consisted of a single bus route that connected CentrePort/DFW Airport station on the Trinity Railway Express to downtown Arlington and the University of Texas at Arlington campus. The service was jointly-operated by Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART) and Fort Worth Transportation Authority ("The T"), with funding provided by the city of Arlington. The pilot program started in August 2013 and was replaced by a ride-sharing service in December 2017.

Transit bus
A transit bus (also big bus, commuter bus, city bus, town bus, urban bus, stage bus, public bus,  public transit bus, or simply bus) is a type of bus used in public transport bus services.  Several configurations are used, including low-floor buses, high-floor buses, double-decker buses, articulated buses and midibuses.

These are distinct from all-seated coaches used for intercity travel and smaller minibuses, for more flexible services.
Frans Greenwood
Frans Greenwood (April 17, 1680 – October 29, 1763) was a Dutch painter and glass engraver. 
Greenwood was born in Rotterdam as the son of a merchant from Yorkshire. He was first trained to be a merchant and became a tax collector in Dordrecht in 1726. Like the Amsterdam poet Vondel  before him who was productive in his office in Amsterdam, Greenwood's new job seemed to help him become an artist, because during his working hours Greenwood had the opportunity to read and became a poet and calligrapher. He engraved his poetry on glass and invented the stipple engraving for glass. He specialized in creating moralistic pictures for glass loosely based on popular paintings and emblems of his day. Greenwood became an influence on other engravers in Dordrecht and his most important follower was Aert Schouman.

Stadsbank van Lening, Amsterdam
The Stadsbank van Lening (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈstɑtsbɑŋk fɑn ˈleːnɪŋ]) is a not-for-profit city Bank van Lening dating from 1614 on the Oudezijds Voorburgwal in Amsterdam, Netherlands. It is the oldest credit distributor in Amsterdam and today has about 85 employees working here and in offices on the Albert Cuypstraat, Bijlmerplein and Osdorpplein.
Lotfaliabad
Lotfaliabad (Persian: لطفعلی‌آباد, also Romanized as Loţf‘alīābād) is a village in Karipey Rural District, Lalehabad District, Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 48, in 14 families.

Babol County
Babol County(Persian: شهرستان بابل) is the most populous county in Mazandaran province and the second most populous county in northern Iran. The capital of the county is the city of Babol. Babol County consists of six districts, seven cities, and nearly 700 villages.

The elevation of the city of Babol is 2 meters below sea level, making it the "lowest" city in Mazandaran province. The elevation in the county, from the north to 10 kilometers south, is below sea level. The city of Babol is divided into two urban areas. The population of Babol in 2016 was 250,217, and that of Babol County 531,930.
Naval operations in Romanian-occupied Soviet waters
Between 1941 and 1944, Romania held control over much of the Ukrainian Black Sea coast East of the Crimea. This was acquired during Operation Barbarossa. The Romanian conquest of the Soviet Western Black Sea coast started in July 1941 during Operation München and ended in October that year, after the Siege of Odessa. In the aftermath of these actions, Romania (re)acquired two new sectors of coastline: the Bessarabian coast (which was controlled by Romania prior to the Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina) and the Transnistrian Coast. The latter was lost in April 1944, but the former was successfully defended until August 1944.

1944 Romanian coup d'état
The 1944 Romanian coup d'état, better known in Romanian historiography as the Act of 23 August (Romanian: Actul de la 23 august), was a coup d'état led by King Michael I of Romania during World War II on 23 August 1944. With the support of several political parties, the king removed the government of Ion Antonescu, which had aligned Romania with Nazi Germany, after the Axis front in northeastern Romania collapsed in the face of a successful Soviet offensive. The Romanian Army declared a unilateral ceasefire with the Soviet Red Army on the Moldavian front, an event viewed as decisive in the Allied advances against the Axis powers in the European theatre of World War II. The coup was supported by the Romanian Communist Party, the Social Democratic Party, the National Liberal Party, and the National Peasants' Party who had coalesced into the National Democratic Bloc in June 1944.
Lucy Bellinger
Lucy Bellinger (born 6 November 1993) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Brisbane in the AFL Women's competition (AFLW). She was playing for Glenelg in the SANFLW when she was drafted by Brisbane with the 20th pick in the 2019 AFL Women's draft.

Bellinger made her debut in the Lions' round 6 game against Collingwood at Hickey Park on 14 March 2020.

Bellinger was delisted ahead of the 2021 AFL Women's season.

Hickey Park
Hickey Park is an Australian rules football ground in Stafford, a suburb of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is the primary home ground for Wilston Grange in the Queensland Australian Football League. It has also been featured in the AFL Women's, hosting its first AFLW game on 17 February 2019 in a match between Brisbane and Melbourne.
Jérémie Beyou
Jérémie Beyou is a French professional offshore sailor born on 27 June 1976 in Landivisiau (Finistère). He is a member of C N Lorient Sailing Club.

He won the Solitaire du Figaro three times, in 2005, 2011 and 2014, and was crowned French champion in solo offshore racing in 2002 and 2005. He also won the Volvo Ocean Race onboard DongFeng and competed in the Vendée Globe five times.

Landivisiau
Landivisiau (French pronunciation: [lɑ̃divizjo]; Breton: Landivizio) is a commune in the Finistère department of Brittany in north-western France. The journalist Luc Le Vaillant, winner of the 1998 Albert Londres Prize was born in Landivisiau. Landivisiau is twinned with Bideford in north Devon.
Southeast Area Transit
Southeast Area Transit (abbreviated to SEAT) is a provider of local bus service in eight towns and two cities in the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Connecticut: East Lyme, Griswold, Groton (town and city), Ledyard, Montville, New London, Norwich, Stonington, and Waterford. Under contract to Amtrak, SEAT also provides Amtrak Thruway service from New London to Foxwoods.

East Lyme, Connecticut
East Lyme is a town in New London County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Southeastern Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 18,693 at the 2020 census. The villages of Niantic and Flanders are located in the town.
Edene Gebbie
Edene Gebbie (born 6 May 1995) is a Papua New Guinean professional rugby league footballer who plays as a fullback and winger for  Doncaster RLFC in the Championship and Papua New Guinea at international level.

He previously played for Whitehaven in the Championship and Townsville Blackhawks, Wynnum Manly Seagulls  and PNG Hunters  in the Qld Cup.

Wynnum Manly Seagulls
The Wynnum Manly Seagulls are an Australian rugby league football club based at Kougari Oval, in Brisbane's bayside suburb of Manly West, which neighbours the suburb of Wynnum. They competed in the Brisbane Rugby League from 1951 to 1997. Since 1996 they have competed in the Queensland Cup. Their jersey is red, green and white. From 1995 to 2005 they were known as the Wynnum Seagulls.
Economy of Manchukuo
This article looks at the economies of Manchukuo and Mengjiang, in the period 1931-1945. The effective Japanese annexation of 1931 led to a colonial system (see Manchukuo (administration)). Japan invested in heavy industry, and to a lesser extent, agriculture.

The General Affairs State Council retained Japanese control of official economic policy. The Central Bank of Manchukou was the national central bank. The Kwantung Army held the highest authority, representing the Emperor of Japan, and the respective ministries of the nominal Manchukou central government were also involved.

Economic policy
The economy of governments covers the systems for setting levels of taxation, government budgets, the money supply and interest rates as well as the labour market, national ownership, and many other areas of government interventions into the economy.

Most factors of economic policy can be divided into either fiscal policy, which deals with government actions regarding taxation and spending, or monetary policy, which deals with central banking actions regarding the money supply and interest rates.

Such policies are often influenced by international institutions like the International Monetary Fund or World Bank as well as political beliefs and the consequent policies of parties.
Saint-Jean-d'Eyraud
Saint-Jean-d'Eyraud (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʒɑ̃ dɛʁo]; Occitan: Sent Joan d'Eiraud) is a former commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Eyraud-Crempse-Maurens.

Dordogne
Dordogne (UK: /dɔːrˈdɔɪn/ dor-DOYN, US: /dɔːrˈdoʊn/ dor-DOHN or /dɔːrˈdɔːnjə/ dor-DAWN-yə; French: [dɔʁdɔɲ] ⓘ; Occitan: Dordonha [duɾˈduɲɔ]) is a large rural department in southwest France, with its prefecture in Périgueux. Located in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region roughly half-way between the Loire Valley and the Pyrenees, it is named after the river Dordogne, which runs through it. It corresponds roughly to the ancient county of Périgord. In January 2023, Dordogne had a population of 412,807.
Mogacho Aunddo
Mogacho Aunddo (English: Love's Craving) is a 1950 Goan Konkani-language film. It was the first film in Konkani and was produced and directed by Al Jerry Braganza (Antonio Lawrence Jerry Braganza), a native of Mapusa, under the banner ETICA pictures (Exchange Talkies of India, China and Africa). It was released on 24 April 1950. Hence, this day is celebrated as Konkani Cinema Day, and Al Jerry Braganza is called the 'Father of Konkani cinema'.

Goans
Goans (Romi Konkani: Goenkar, Portuguese: Goeses) is the demonym used to describe the people native to Goa, India, formerly part of Portuguese India (Estado Português da Índia). They form an ethno-linguistic group resulting from the assimilation of Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Indo-Portuguese, Austro-Asiatic ethnic and/or linguistic ancestries. They speak different dialects of the Konkani language, collectively known as Goan Konkani. "Goanese", although sometimes used, is an incorrect term for Goans.
Charles Phoenix
Charles Phoenix (born December 20, 1962) is an American pop culture humorist, historian, author and chef whose work explores 1950s and 1960s kitsch and Americana.

Phoenix is widely known for his "Retro slide shows" featuring a collection of vintage film slides capturing mid-century American life and culture—set to Phoenix's commentary.  He's known also for his "test kitchen" creations of exaggerated novelty foods and desserts, including the Cherpumple, a three-layer cake/pie hybrid. Phoenix has appearanced as a recurring judge on the Food Network series Cake Wars and served as a frequent guest commentator on NPR and KCET.

Americana (culture)
Americana artifacts are related to the history, geography, folklore, and cultural heritage of the United States of America. Americana is any collection of materials and things concerning or characteristic of the United States or of the American people, and is representative or even stereotypical of American culture as a whole.

What is and is not considered Americana is heavily influenced by national identity, historical context, patriotism and nostalgia. The ethos or guiding beliefs or ideals which have come to characterize America, such as the American Dream, are central to the idea. Americana encompasses not only material objects but also people, places, concepts and historical eras which are popularly identified with American culture.

The name Americana also refers to Americana music, a genre of contemporary music that incorporates elements of various American music styles, including country, roots rock, folk, bluegrass, and blues, resulting in a distinctive roots-oriented sound.
Katarina Džaferović
Katarina Džaferović (born 14 July 2002) is a Montenegrin handball player for ŽRK Budućnost Podgorica and the Montenegrin national team.

She was selected as part of the Montenegrin squad for the 2020 European Women's Handball Championship.

2020 European Women's Handball Championship
The 2020 European Women's Handball Championship was held from 3 to 20 December 2020. The games were played in Herning and Kolding, Denmark.

Originally, this tournament would be held with 2 host countries: Norway and Denmark. However, lacking some time for the beginning, Norway renounced the right to seat, respecting the local legislation about the COVID-19 pandemic.

The tournament was also one of the qualification events for the 2021 World Women's Handball Championship. It was also played behind closed doors due to the pandemic.

Norway won the tournament for the eighth time after defeating France in the final. Croatia won the third place game to capture their first ever medal.
Reik (surname)
Reik is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Haviva Reik (1914–1944), Jewish resistance fighter in World War II

Theodor Reik (1888–1969), Austrian psychoanalyst

Wolf Reik (born 1957), German molecular biologist

Haviva Reik
Haviva Reik (alternately Haviva Reick, Havivah Reich, Chaviva Reiková or Chaviva Reich) (22 June 1914 – 20 November 1944) was one of 32 or 33 parachutists sent by the Jewish Agency and Britain's MI9 on military missions in Nazi-occupied Europe. Reik went to Slovakia in fall 1944 and worked with local Jewish people to resist the German occupation there. She established a camp for Russian prisoners of war who had escaped, and helped organize a Jewish resistance unit. The Germans organized forces to put down the Jewish resistance, and Reik and the other parachutists escaped with about 40 local Jews into the mountains. In November 1944, however, Reik and the other parachutists were captured, killed, and buried in a mass grave.
Eleven West
Eleven West is a 24-story building in Portland, Oregon, United States. Designed by architectural firm, ZGF Architects, and structural engineering firm, KPFF, and built by Turner Construction, the building opened in March 2023. The 300-foot (91 m) tall building features 107,000 square feet (9,900 m2) of office space, 213 apartments, retail on the street level, and underground parking. Tenants include, JGP Wealth Management, a Stumptown Coffee Roasters cafe, software company Panic, and the law firm Miller Nash, amongst others.

Panic Inc.
Panic Inc. is an American software development and video game publishing company based in Portland, Oregon. The company specializes in macOS and iOS applications and began publishing video games in 2016.

Panic was founded by Steven Frank and Cabel Sasser in 1997.
Steinar Sivertsen
Steinar Sivertsen  (born 1941) is a Norwegian schoolteacher and literary critic. He graduated from the University of Oslo in 1971 as cand.philol. with a thesis on the poetry of Harald Sverdrup, and was appointed teacher at the Stavanger Cathedral School from 1973 to 2005.

He was a literary critic for the newspaper Rogalands Avis from 1975 to 1992, and for Stavanger Aftenblad since 1992, and has written more than 2000 critics since he started in 1975. He was awarded the Dalgards kritikarpris in 1984, and again in 1997.

He received the Norwegian Literature Critics Award for 2009.

Stavanger Cathedral School
Stavanger Cathedral School (Norwegian: Stavanger katedralskole) is an upper secondary school in the city of Stavanger, Rogaland county, Norway. It is spread over two areas; the traditional Kongsgård and the school's new building in Bjergsted.

The school has 555 students and 94 staff members as of 2017.
Wayne Roberts (soccer)
Wayne Jason Roberts (born 14 August 1977 in Cape Town, Western Cape) is a retired South African football (soccer) goalkeeper who last played for the Premier Soccer League club Engen Santos. He also represented South Africa. Roberts hails from Strandfontein on the Cape Flats where he was schooled at Strandfontein High.

In May 2017 he was arrested for possession of illegal drugs

Previous clubs: Wits University, Ajax Cape Town, Orlando Pirates, Cape Town Spurs

Bafana Bafana caps won: 1

Strandfontein, Cape Town
Strandfontein is a seaside resort 8 km east of Muizenberg and just west of Michells Plain, on the northern shore of False Bay in the City of Cape Town municipality in the Western Cape province of South Africa.

It was laid out in 1962. The name is Afrikaans for 'beach fountain'.