hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Latvian Land Reform of 1920
The Latvian Land Reform of 1920 (Latvian: 1920. gada agrārā reforma Latvijā) was a land reform act expropriating land under the Republic of Latvia in 1920 (during the Latvian War of Independence shortly after independence). The agrarian reform law of 1920 sought to transfer most of the land from Baltic German nobles to Latvian farmers. On 16 September 1920 the Constitutional Assembly of Latvia passed the law of the Land reform, which would break up large landholdings and redistribute land to those peasants who worked it and to the newly created Latvian State Land Fund.   Similar land reforms were carried out in Estonia (1919), Lithuania (29 March 1922) and Poland (28 December 1925).

Act (document)
An act is an instrument that records a fact or something that has been said, done, or agreed. Acts generally take the form of legal instruments of writing that have probative value and executory force.  They are usually accepted as self-authenticating demonstrative evidence in court proceedings, though with the precarious status of notaries public and their acts under common law, this is not always so.

Common types of acts are legislative, judicial, and notarial acts.
Sir James Reid, 1st Baronet
Sir James Reid, 1st Baronet GCVO KCB VD JP (23 October 1849 – 28 June 1923) was a British doctor who served as physician-in-ordinary to three British monarchs: Queen Victoria, King Edward VII and King George V.

At the age of 31, Reid was given medical charge of the Royal Household at Balmoral. Queen Victoria became increasingly dependent upon Reid as she grew older, and he accompanied her everywhere. He also attended to members of the royal family, and delivered several of Victoria's grandchildren.

Volunteer Officers' Decoration
The Volunteer Officers' Decoration, post-nominal letters VD, was instituted in 1892 as an award for long and meritorious service by officers of the United Kingdom's Volunteer Force. Award of the decoration was discontinued in the United Kingdom when it was superseded by the Territorial Decoration in 1908, but it continued to be awarded in some Crown Dependencies until 1930.

The grant of the decoration was extended in 1894 by the institution of a separate new decoration, the Volunteer Officers' Decoration for India and the Colonies, that could be awarded to commissioned officers of all Volunteer Forces throughout the British Empire and India.
Union Freight Railroad
The Union Freight Railroad was a freight-only railroad connecting the railroads coming into the north and south sides of downtown Boston, Massachusetts. Almost its entire length was along Atlantic Avenue and Commercial Street. For most of its length, the Atlantic Avenue Elevated carried passengers above.

North Station
North Station is a commuter rail and intercity rail terminal station in Boston, Massachusetts. It is served by four MBTA Commuter Rail lines – the Fitchburg Line, Haverhill Line, Lowell Line, and Newburyport/Rockport Line – and the Amtrak Downeaster intercity service. The concourse is located under the TD Garden arena, with the platforms extending north towards drawbridges over the Charles River. The eponymous subway station, served by the Green Line and Orange Line, is connected to the concourse with an underground passageway.
Krishna–Guntur Graduates constituency
Krishna–Guntur Graduates constituency is a constituency in Krishna district, NTR district, Guntur district, Palnadu district and part of Bapatla district of Andhra Pradesh that elects representatives to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council in India. It is one of the five council constituencies representing graduates.

Guntur district
Guntur district is  in the Coastal Andhra region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The administrative seat of the district is located at Guntur, one of the major urban centres of the state. Historically significant, the region was part of ancient Buddhist and Satavahana-era settlements and later came under various South Indian dynasties before British rule. The district is known for its agricultural prominence—particularly chilli and cotton cultivation—as well as education and trade. It forms part of the larger Coastal Andhra region and contributes significantly to the state’s economy and cultural heritage.
Dois Paus redoubt
The Dois Paus redoubt (Portuguese: Reduto dos Dois Paus) is a redoubt fortification situated on the peninsula of Monte Brasil, in the civil parish of Sé, in the municipality of Angra do Heroísmo, in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores. It was part of the fortified defenses of the Fortress of São João Baptista.

Sé (Angra do Heroísmo)
Sé is a parish in the municipality of Angra do Heroísmo on the island of Terceira in the Azores. The population in 2011 was 955, in an area of 1.65 km². It is one of the smallest parishes in Angra do Heroísmo.
Ebenezer John Collett
Ebenezer John Collett (22 May 1755 - 31 October 1833) was an English hop merchant who served as Tory MP for the rotten borough of Grampound from 1814 to 1818, then MP for Cashel from 1819 to 1830.

Collett unsuccessfully contested the Great Grimsby parliamentary seat in 1812, but was returned on a vacancy for Grampound two years later on the interest of Sir Christopher Hawkins. He voted against Catholic relief in 1816 and 1817, and also against education of the poor in 1818.

Defeated at Grampound in 1818, he was found a seat at Cashel by Sir Robert Peel, as he had given ‘a never failing support’ and was ‘a Protestant’. He duly voted against Catholic relief again in 1819. Although representing an Irish constituency, he never went to Ireland, but held his seat until 1830.

Collett was the fourth son of Joseph Collett of Hemel Hempstead and Sarah née Smith. He married Margaret Alsager (died 7 March 1826), daughter of cloth merchant Thomas Alsager, on 17 November 1795.

Grampound (UK Parliament constituency)
50°17′53″N 4°54′00″W﻿ / ﻿50.298°N 4.900°W﻿ / 50.298; -4.900

Grampound in Cornwall was a borough constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England, then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1826. It was represented by two Members of Parliament.
Morgan's Ghost
"Morgan's Ghost" (also called "Three Buccaneers" and "Pieces of Eight" in production) is an unreleased cartoon film by Walt Disney Productions, dated around 1939. A Disney comics adaptation, Donald Duck Finds Pirate Gold, was published in Dell Comics' Four Color #9 in 1942.

It would also have been the first film which had Mickey Mouse's new eyes, which would first appear in The Pointer (1939).

Dell Comics
Dell Comics was the comic book publishing arm of Dell Publishing, which got its start in pulp magazines.  It published comics from 1929 to 1973.  At its peak, it was the most prominent and successful American company in the medium. In 1953, Dell claimed to be the world's largest comics publisher, selling 26 million copies each month.
Sciatic nerve block
A sciatic nerve block is a nerve block that uses local anesthetic to achieve analgesia in the leg. The block works by affecting the sciatic nerve and is used for surgeries at or below the knee.

The sciatic nerve is located in the gluteus maximus muscle, where the block is performed. The sciatic nerve can be blocked at different locations. At the popliteal fossa, the sciatic nerve divides into its two branches: The tibial and the common peroneal nerve. If surgery is performed on the ankle, achilles tendon or foot a popliteal block can be performed, affecting the two branches of the sciatic nerve.  It is done above the knee on the posterior leg where the sciatic nerve starts splitting into the common peroneal and tibial nerves.

Foot
The foot (pl.: feet) is an anatomical structure found in many vertebrates. It is the terminal portion of a limb which bears weight and allows locomotion. In many animals with feet, the foot is an organ at the terminal part of the leg made up of one or more segments or bones, generally including claws and/or nails.
Rabbit Lake (Sudbury District)
Rabbit Lake is a small lake in the municipality of Markstay-Warren, Sudbury District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is part of the Great Lakes Basin, is in geographic Awrey Township, and is located 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) southwest of Ontario Highway 17 near the community of Markstay. The lake exits at the northeast via an unnamed creek, then flows via the Veuve River, Lake Nipissing and the French River to Georgian Bay on Lake Huron.

Georgian Bay
Georgian Bay (French: Baie Georgienne) is a large bay of Lake Huron. It is located entirely within the borders of Ontario, Canada. The main body of the bay lies east of the Bruce Peninsula and Manitoulin Island. To its northwest is the North Channel.

Georgian Bay is surrounded by (listed clockwise) the districts of Manitoulin, Sudbury, Parry Sound and Muskoka, as well as the more populous counties of Simcoe, Grey and Bruce. The Main Channel separates the Bruce Peninsula from Manitoulin Island and connects Georgian Bay to the rest of Lake Huron. The North Channel, located between Manitoulin Island and the Sudbury District, west of Killarney, was once a popular route for steamships and is now used by a variety of pleasure craft to travel to and from Georgian Bay.

The shores and waterways of Georgian Bay are the traditional domain of the Anishinaabeg First Nations peoples to the north and Huron-Petun (Wyandot) to the south. The bay was thus a major Algonquian-Iroquoian trade route.
Forrer
Forrer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Emil Forrer (1894–1986), Swiss Assyriologist and Hittitologist

Hans Forrer (1929–2017), Swiss alpine skier

Leonard Forrer (1869–1953), Swiss-born British numismatist and coin dealer

Ludwig Forrer (1845–1921), Swiss politician

Willi Forrer (born 1935), Swiss alpine skier

Remo Forrer (born 2001), Swiss singer, representing Switzerland at the Eurovision Song Contest 2023

Remo Forrer
Remo Forrer (born 8 September 2001) is a Swiss singer. He won the third season of the TV talent show The Voice of Switzerland in April 2020, and also participated in the German television talent show I Can See Your Voice. He represented Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2023 with the song "Watergun", which peaked at number two in his home country. He also appeared as "Orca" on The Masked Singer Switzerland.
2011 German Formula Three Championship
The 2011 ATS Formel 3 Cup was the ninth edition of the German F3 Cup and the last one with FIA specification F3 engines. For the 2012 season, the series will use Volkswagen engines only. The season began on 23 April at Oschersleben and finished on 2 October at Hockenheim after nine race weekends, totalling eighteen races.

New Zealander Richie Stanaway clinched title on the penultimate round, becoming the first Kiwi to win the championship. Danish driver Marco Sørensen, despite missing the round at Assen, finished the season as runner-up. Third place was claimed by Austrian Klaus Bachler. Maxim Travin won the Trophy class after seven wins.

Richie Stanaway
Richard Stanaway (born 24 November 1991) is a racing car driver from New Zealand. He previously competed full-time in the Supercars Championship, driving the No. 62 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for PremiAir Racing.
Jamb, Nanded
Jamb (BK) is a village in Mukhed taluka of Nanded district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is 23 kilometres (14 mi) from Mukhed and 69 kilometres (43 mi) from Nanded.

In 2011, the village had a population of 6,303 with literacy rate of 75% and sex ratio of 966.

The village has a Primary Health Centre.

Primary health centre
The primary health center or primary healthcare center (PHC) is the basic structural and functional unit of the public health services in developing countries. PHCs were established to provide accessible, affordable and available primary health care to people, in accordance with the Alma Ata Declaration of 1978 by the member nations of the World Health Organization WHO.
Konya Atatürk Stadium
Konya Atatürk Stadium (Turkish: Konya Atatürk Stadı) was a multi-purpose stadium in Konya, Turkey.  It was used mostly for football matches and was the home ground of Konyaspor.  The stadium held 22,559 people and was built in 1950 and the stadium was demolished in 2018.

Konya
Konya is a major city in central Turkey, on the southwestern edge of the Central Anatolian Plateau, and is the capital of Konya Province. During antiquity and into Seljuk times it was known as Iconium.  In 19th-century accounts of the city in English its name is usually spelt Konia or Koniah. In the late medieval period, Konya was the capital of the Seljuk Turks' Sultanate of Rum, from where the sultans ruled over Anatolia.

As of 2024, the population of the Metropolitan Province was 2,330,024. 1,433,861 live in the three urban districts (Karatay, Selcuklu, Meram), making it the sixth most populous city in Turkey, and second most populous of the Central Anatolia Region, after Ankara. City has Konya is served by TCDD high-speed train (YHT) services from Istanbul, Ankara and Karaman. The local airport (Konya Havalimanı, KYA) is served by frequent flights from Istanbul whereas flights to and from İzmir are offered few times a week.
Chamba chukh
Chamba Chukh is a type of hot chilli prepared from locally grown chillies in the Chamba Valley of the Northern Indian State of Himachal Pradesh. The recipe is a generations old traditional preparation made from sun-dried red chillies or fresh green chillies. Blended with citrus extract from a local fruit, the Chamba Chukh preparation is a cooked chilli sauce and chili pepper paste. Made by women in their kitchens in different parts of the Chamba district, the preparation has been highly regarded in the local region and in adjoining areas. Chamba Chukh is now gradually making its way into a broader market.

Chamba district
Chamba district is the northwestern district of Himachal Pradesh, in India, with its headquarters in Chamba town. The towns of Dalhousie, Khajjhiar and Churah Valley are popular hill stations and vacation spots for the people from the plains of northern India.
Order of the Fatherland
The Order of Fatherland (Kazakh: Отан ордені, trans. Otan ordeni, Order of the Fatherland) is one of the highest orders of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The order is usually awarded to citizens for the following, but there have been several notable non-citizen recipients.

Outstanding achievements in public and social activities

Development of economy, social sphere, science and culture

State, law enforcement and military service

Development of democracy and social progress

A commemorative 50 tenge coin featuring the medallion of the award on the reverse side was issued in 2007.

Kazakhstani tenge
The tenge (ten-gay, /ˈtɛŋɡeɪ/ or /tɛŋˈɡeɪ/; Kazakh: теңге, teñge [tʲeŋˈɡʲe]; Russian: тенге; sign: ₸ ; code: KZT) is the currency of Kazakhstan. It is divided into 100 tiyn (tea-ANN, Kazakh: тиын, tiyn [təˈjən]).
Central Texas and Colorado River Railway
The Central Texas & Colorado River Railway (reporting mark CTXR) is a short-line railroad headquartered in Brady, Texas. Formerly known as the Heart of Texas Railroad, the railroad operates a portion of the former Santa Fe branch line to Eden, between Brady and an interchange with the BNSF Railway at Lometa. It acquired the line from the bankrupt Gulf, Colorado and San Saba Railway in 2013. The railroad is currently owned by OmniTrax. They bought the railroad in 2016.

Shortline railroad
A shortline railroad is a small or mid-sized railroad company that operates over a relatively short distance relative to larger, national railroad networks. The term is used primarily in the United States and Canada. In the former, railroads are categorized by operating revenue, and most shortline railroads fall into the Class III or Class II categorization defined by the Surface Transportation Board.
Bacterial one-hybrid system
The bacterial one-hybrid (B1H) system is a method for identifying the sequence-specific target site of a DNA-binding domain. In this system, a given transcription factor (TF) is expressed as a fusion to a subunit of RNA polymerase.  In parallel, a library of randomized oligonucleotides representing potential TF target sequences are cloned into a separate vector containing the selectable genes HIS3 and URA3.  If the DNA-binding domain (bait) binds a potential DNA target site (prey) in vivo, it will recruit RNA polymerase to the promoter and activate transcription of the reporter genes in that clone. The two reporter genes, HIS3 and URA3, allow for positive and negative selections, respectively. At the end of the process, positive clones are sequenced and examined with motif-finding tools in order to resolve the favoured DNA target sequence.

Reporter gene
Reporter genes are molecular tools widely used in molecular biology, genetics, and biotechnology to study gene function, expression patterns, and regulatory mechanisms. These genes encode proteins that produce easily detectable signals, such as fluorescence, luminescence, or enzymatic activity, allowing researchers to monitor cellular processes in real-time. Reporter genes are often fused to regulatory sequences of genes of interest, enabling scientists to analyze promoter activity, transcriptional regulation, and signal transduction pathways. Common reporter gene systems include green fluorescent protein (GFP), β-galactosidase (lacZ), luciferase, and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), each offering distinct advantages depending on the experimental application. Their versatility makes reporter genes invaluable in fields such as drug discovery, gene therapy, and synthetic biology.
1950 Wollongong-Kembla state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Wollongong-Kembla on 11 February 1950 because of the resignation of Billy Davies (Labor) to successfully contest the federal seat of Cunningham at the 1949 election.

Electoral district of Wollongong-Kembla
Wollongong-Kembla was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It was created in 1941 and abolished in 1968, being split into Wollongong and Kembla.
Peter LeBlanc (ice hockey)
Peter LeBlanc (born February 3, 1988) is a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who last played for the Essen Mosquitoes of the German Oberliga. He played a solitary game in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Washington Capitals.

Oberliga (ice hockey)
The Oberliga (English: Upper League) is the third tier of ice hockey in Germany, below DEL2 and above the Regionalliga. Since the 2015/16 season, the league has been split into two regionalised divisions, Nord (north) and Süd (south). The Oberliga was originally founded in 1948 and is administered by the German Ice Hockey Federation (DEB).
Archaeoacoustics
Archaeoacoustics is a sub-field of archaeology and acoustics which studies the relationship between people and sound throughout history. It is an interdisciplinary field with methodological contributions from room acoustics, archaeology,  and computer simulation, and is broadly related to topics within cultural anthropology such as experimental archaeology and ethnomusicology. Since many cultures have sonic components, applying acoustical methods to the study of archaeological sites and artifacts may reveal new information on the civilizations examined.
This is especially relevant for public gatherings like rituals or ceremonies, where understanding how sound traveled was essential. Different acoustic methods have been applied to archaeological sites, revealing details about architectural features and the spatial organization of past civilizations.

People
The term "the people" refers to the public or common mass of people of a polity. As such it is a concept of human rights law, international law as well as constitutional law, particularly used for claims of popular sovereignty. In contrast, a people is any plurality of persons considered as a whole. Used in politics and law, the term "a people" refers to the collective or community of an ethnic group or nation.
Edward Harington (politician)
Edward Harington (c. 1526–c. 1600), of Ridlington, Rutland, was an English politician.

He was the son of John Harington and Elizabeth Moton. His brother, James, was MP for Rutland.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Fowey in 1572.

Fowey (UK Parliament constituency)
Fowey was a rotten borough in Cornwall which returned two Members of Parliament to the House of Commons in the English and later British Parliament from 1571 to 1832, when it was abolished by the Great Reform Act.
The Furnace studio
The Furnace is one of Eastern Europe's best known recording studios, located near Razgrad, Bulgaria.

Having been built to meet the needs of post-communist Bulgaria's growing music scene it has also been home to many international artists including members of Thomas Tantrum, Moneytree and Lonely Joe Parker.  Lonely Joe Parkers Album was later mixed at one of Europes finest and probably best known recording studios Abbey Road Studios

The studio was built in a 100-year-old derelict government building  with artist accommodation included. The centre piece of the studio is it customized Allen and Heath desk  while the architectural highlight is the 4-metre-tall (13 ft) live room with its vaulted ceilings.

Allen & Heath
Allen & Heath (also known as AH or A&H) is a company based in Penryn, Cornwall, England, specialising in the manufacture of audio mixing consoles.  Allen & Heath also makes sound management systems for industrial installations and DJ mixers for nightclubs.

Allen & Heath is part of the Audiotonix Group.
R&BA
R&BA is the fifth and final studio album by the Scottish musician BA Robertson, released in June 1982 by Asylum Records. Unlike his previous two albums, it failed to chart, despite the success of some of its singles. The album was reissued on CD on 12 May 2017 by Cherry Red Records which included several bonus tracks.

The Memphis Horns
The Memphis Horns was an American horn section, made famous by their many appearances on Stax Records. The duo consisted of Wayne Jackson on trumpet and Andrew Love on tenor saxophone. An "offshoot of the Mar-Keys", they continued to work together for over 30 years. They lent their sound to 83 gold and platinum awards and over one hundred high-charting records, including Otis Redding's "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay", Al Green's "Let's Stay Together", and Elvis Presley's "Suspicious Minds".
Hy Kloc
Hy Kloc (February 10, 1947 – December 6, 2022) was an American Democratic politician who was a member of the Idaho House of Representatives, representing the northwest Ada County-based District 16 from 2012 to 2018.

Idaho House of Representatives
The Idaho House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Idaho Legislature.

It consists of 70 representatives elected to two-year terms. The state is divided into 35 districts, each of which elects two representatives to separate seats. It meets at the Idaho State Capitol in Boise, Idaho, in the State Capitol Building.