hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Concerns and controversies at the 2025 SEA Games
There are numerous concerns and controversies about the 2025 SEA Games, which is schedule to take place from 9 to 20 December 2025 across the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, as well as the provinces of Chonburi and Songkhla, Thailand.

Songkhla province
Songkhla (Thai: สงขลา, pronounced [sǒŋ.kʰlǎː], Malay: Singgora) is one of the southern provinces (changwat) of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from west clockwise) Satun, Phatthalung, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pattani, and Yala. To the south it borders Kedah and Perlis of Malaysia.

In contrast to most other provinces, the capital Songkhla is not the largest city in the province. The much newer city of Hat Yai, with a population of 359,813, is considerably larger, with twice the population of Songkhla (163,072). This often leads to the misconception that Hat Yai is the provincial capital.
Doña Blanca
Doña Blanca (Spanish "White Lady", also known as Dona Branca in Portuguese) is a white Spanish and Portuguese grape variety that is grown primarily in the northwest Galicia region of Spain and throughout Portugal from the Douro northward. The variety is a permitted grape in the Spanish Denominación de Origens (DOs) of Valdeorras and Monterrei in Galicia and Bierzo in nearby Castile and León. In Spain, the variety is known as Doña Blanca (except in Valdeorras, where it is primarily known as Valenciana), while in Portugal it goes mainly by the name Dona Branca. The grapes have thick skins, which do well in the wet maritime climate, but it can also impart some astringency and slight bitterness even with the briefest of skin contact during production due to the high proportion of polyphenols in the skin.

Climate categories in viticulture
In viticulture, the climates of wine regions are categorised based on the overall characteristics of the area's climate during the growing season. While variations in macroclimate are acknowledged, the climates of most wine regions are categorised (somewhat loosely based on the Köppen climate classification) as being part of a Mediterranean (for example Tuscany), maritime (ex: Bordeaux) or continental climate (ex: Columbia Valley). The majority of the world's premium wine production takes place in one of these three climate categories in locations between the 30th parallel and 50th parallel in both the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere. While viticulture does exist in some tropical climates, most notably Brazil, the amount of quality wine production in those areas is so small that the climate effect has not been as extensively studied as other categories.
Aristid von Grosse
Aristid von Grosse (January 1905 – July 21, 1985) was a German nuclear chemist. During his work with Otto Hahn, he got access to waste material from radium production, and with this starting material he was able in 1927 to isolate protactinium(V) oxide and was later able to produce metallic protactinium by decomposition of protactinium(V) iodide.

From 1948 to 1969, he was president of the Research Institute of Temple University and was later affiliated with the laboratories of the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia until his retirement in 1979. In 1971, he received a United States Atomic Energy Commission award in recognition of his "outstanding contributions to the development of nuclear energy."

Aristid was born in Riga in January 1905 and moved to the United States in 1930. He retired in 1979 and died of pneumonia in Laguna Hills, California on July 21, 1985.

Franklin Institute
The Franklin Institute is a science museum and a center of science education and research in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is named after the American scientist and statesman Benjamin Franklin. It houses the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial. Founded in 1824, the Franklin Institute is one of the oldest centers of science education and development in the United States. Its chief astronomer is Derrick Pitts.
Philip le Despenser
Sir Philip Despenser (c. 1290 – 24 September 1313) of Goxhill, Lincolnshire was the son of Hugh Despenser, 1st Earl of Winchester and his wife, Isabella de Beauchamp, daughter of William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick and Maud FitzJohn. He married Margaret de Goushill, daughter of Ralph De Gousille and his wife Hawise Fitzwarine. Philip was brother to Hugh Despenser the Younger, a favorite of King Edward II.

They were parents to:

Sir Philip Despenser (6 April 1313 – 23 April 1349) who was father to:
Philip le Despenser, 1st Baron le Despenser (18 October 1342 – 4 August 1401);
Hawise Despenser (c. 1345 – 10 April 1414), was the 2nd wife of Sir Andrew Luttrell, Lord Luttrell of Irnham by whom she had issue.

William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick
William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick (c. 1238 – 1298) was the eldest of eight children of William de Beauchamp of Elmley and his wife Isabel de Mauduit. He was an English nobleman and soldier, described as a "vigorous and innovative military commander."  He was active in the field against the Welsh for many years, and at the end of his life campaigned against the Scots.
20 Camelopardalis
20 Camelopardalis (20 Cam) is a solitary star in the circumpolar constellation Camelopardalis. It has an apparent magnitude of 7.45, making it readily visible in binoculars but not to the naked eye. Located about 880 light years away, it is approaching the Solar System with a radial velocity of −50.3 km/s. Due to its faintness, 20 Cam is one of the 220 Flamsteed stars without Bright Star Catalog designations.

20 Cam is a red clump giant star with a spectral classification of G8 II-III. It has a measured angular diameter of 0.44 mas, with an actual radius of 13 R☉ at its estimated distance. It has 1.83 times the mass of the Sun and shines at 142 times the luminosity of the Sun from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,064 K, giving it a yellow glow. 20 Cam's metallicity – elements heavier than helium – is around solar level.

Red clump
The red clump is a clustering of red giants in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram at around 5,000 K and absolute magnitude (MV) +0.5, slightly hotter than most red-giant-branch stars of the same luminosity.  It is visible as a denser region of the red-giant branch or a bulge towards hotter temperatures.  It is prominent in many galactic open clusters, and it is also noticeable in many intermediate-age globular clusters and in nearby field stars (e.g. the Hipparcos stars).

The red clump giants are cool horizontal branch stars, stars originally similar to the Sun which have undergone a helium flash and are now fusing helium in their cores.
Two Days Before the Day After Tomorrow
"Two Days Before the Day After Tomorrow" is the eighth episode in the ninth season of the American animated television series South Park. The 133rd episode overall, it originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on October 19, 2005.

In the episode, Stan and Cartman accidentally destroy a beaver dam, which causes a catastrophic flood in the nearby town of Beaverton. To avoid punishment, the boys allow the townfolk to be misled into believing that the dam's destruction was caused by global warming, which triggers panic and mayhem around Colorado and across the country.

The episode was co-written by series co-creator Trey Parker and Kenny Hotz. It parodies Roland Emmerich's 2004 film The Day After Tomorrow, which was released by 20th Century Fox with Lionsgate Films, and also general responses to Hurricane Katrina, particularly the various ad hoc explanations for the increased level of suffering from the hurricane and its aftermath.

Roland Emmerich
Roland Emmerich (German: [ˈʁoːlant ˈɛməʁɪç] ⓘ; born 10 November 1955) is a German-American filmmaker. Emmerich is widely known for his science fiction and disaster films and has been called a "master of disaster" within the movie industry. His films, most of which are English-language Hollywood productions, have made more than $3 billion worldwide, including just over $1 billion in the United States, making him the 17th-highest-grossing Hollywood director of all time.

Emmerich began his work in the film industry by directing the film The Noah's Ark Principle (1984) as part of his university thesis and also co-founded Centropolis Entertainment in 1985 with his sister. He has subsequently directed the films Universal Soldier (1992), Stargate (1994), Independence Day (1996), Godzilla (1998), The Patriot (2000), The Day After Tomorrow (2004), 10,000 BC (2008), 2012 (2009), White House Down (2013), Stonewall (2015), Independence Day: Resurgence (2016), Midway (2019), and  Moonfall (2022).
Curling Ontario
Curling Ontario (formerly the Ontario Curling Association and CurlON) is the governing body of curling in Southern Ontario. Northern Ontario is governed by the Northern Ontario Curling Association (NOCA). The Curling Ontario sends a team to represent Team Ontario at all major Canadian Championships. The NOCA sends a separate team to all of these events.

Curling Ontario was founded in 1875 as the Ontario Curling Association. It was renamed CurlON in 2016 and as Curling Ontario in 2024.

In 2026, it was announced that Curling Ontario is proposing to merge with the Northern Ontario Curling Association and the Ontario Curling Council (which exists to deal with federal funding).

Sir Oliver Mowat Collegiate Institute
Sir Oliver Mowat Collegiate Institute is a public high school located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the Port Union neighbourhood of the former suburb of Scarborough. Now part of the Toronto District School Board, the school was opened in 1969 by the Scarborough Board of Education.

The school is named after Oliver Mowat, the Premier of Ontario from 1872 to 1896. Its motto is De Monte Alto ("From a mount high").
Kongōshō-ji
Kongōshō-ji (金剛證寺) is a Rinzai school Zen Buddhist temple in the Asamacho neighborhood of the city of Ise, Mie Prefecture Japan. Its main image is a statue of Kokūzō Bosatsu. Founded in the Asuka period, it has been closely associated with the Ise Grand Shrine throughout its history and contains numerous National Treasures and Important Cultural Properties. The sutra mounds found on Mount Asama behind the temple were designated a National Historic Site in 1936.

Japanese Zen
See also Zen for an overview of Zen, Chan Buddhism for the Chinese origins, and Sōtō, Rinzai and Ōbaku for the three main schools of Zen in Japan

Japanese Zen refers to the Japanese forms of Zen Buddhism, an originally Chinese Mahāyāna school of Buddhism that strongly emphasizes dhyāna, the meditative training of awareness and equanimity. This practice, according to Zen proponents, gives insight into one's true nature, or the emptiness of inherent existence, which opens the way to a liberated way of living.
Petrynów
Petrynów [pɛˈtrɨnuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żelechlinek, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-east of Żelechlinek, 21 km (13 mi) north of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 44 km (27 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Tomaszów County, Łódź Voivodeship
Tomaszów County (Polish: powiat tomaszowski) is a county in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Tomaszów Mazowiecki, which lies 49 kilometres (30 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 1,025.7 square kilometres (396.0 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 120,973, out of which the population of Tomaszów Mazowiecki is 66,705 and the rural population is 54,268.
Denmark Bay
Denmark Bay is an Arctic waterway in Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is located in western M'Clintock Channel, off the eastern coast of Victoria Island. It is separated from Homan Bay by a peninsula with a narrow isthmus.

Kitikmeot Region
Kitikmeot Region (/ˈkɪtəkmjuːt/; Inuktitut: Qitirmiut ᕿᑎᕐᒥᐅᑦ ) is an administrative region of Nunavut, Canada. It consists of the southern and eastern parts of Victoria Island with the adjacent part of the mainland as far as the Boothia Peninsula, together with King William Island and the southern portion of Prince of Wales Island. The regional centre is Cambridge Bay (population 1,760).

Before 1999, Kitikmeot Region existed under slightly different boundaries as Kitikmeot Region, Northwest Territories.
Portugal men's national basketball team
The Portugal men's national basketball team (Portuguese: Seleção Portuguesa de Basquetebol) represents Portugal in international basketball competition. The team is controlled by the Portuguese Basketball Federation.

Portugal doesn't have much history on the international stage, although they have qualified for the EuroBasket four times (1951, 2007, 2011, 2025).
While Portugal has made multiple appearances at the continental level, they continue their quest to qualify for the global stage at the FIBA World Cup.

EuroBasket
EuroBasket, also commonly called the European Basketball Championship, is the main international basketball competition for the senior men's national teams of primarily European countries. It is held every four years and organised by FIBA Europe, the European zone of FIBA, the International Basketball Federation.

The competition was first held in 1935. The former Soviet Union holds the record for most gold medals with 14. The tournament is generally held in August or September, in the offseason of major club competitions. The current champion is Germany, who won the 2025 title.
Battle of Massaguet
On February 1, 2008, forces from the Union of Forces for Democracy and Development (UFDD) led by Mahamat Nouri, the UFDD-Fundamental led by Abdelwahid About Makaye and Acheikh Ibn-Oumar and the Rally of Forces for Change (RFC) led by Timane Erdimi united under a military commanded by Fizani Mahadjir against the Chadian National Army. President Idriss Déby, who left with his men to fight the rebel coalition, narrowly escaped the battle.

Union of Forces for Democracy and Development
The Union of Forces for Democracy and Development is the largest group of Chadian rebel forces opposed to former President Idriss Déby.  It was formed in October 2006 under the leadership of Mahamat Nouri.

The group consists of:

United Front for Democratic Change

Democratic Revolutionary Council

Union of Forces for Progress and Democracy
Dulles Town Center
Dulles Town Center is a two-level enclosed shopping mall in Sterling in Loudoun County, Virginia. It is located five miles (8.0 km) north of Washington Dulles International Airport. It is part of the Dulles Town Center census-designated place for population statistical purposes.

It encompasses 1,400,000 square feet (130,000 m2) of gross leasable area and is the sole enclosed shopping center in Loudoun County. The mall serves a wide geographic area, drawing customers from Loudoun, Fairfax, Clarke, and Frederick counties in Virginia, as well as Jefferson County, West Virginia.

Loudoun County, Virginia
Loudoun County (/ˈlaʊdən/) is in the northern part of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. In 2020, the census returned a population of 420,959, making it Virginia's third-most populous county. The county seat is Leesburg. Loudoun County is part of the Washington–Arlington–Alexandria, DC–VA–MD–WV Metropolitan Statistical Area.

As of 2023, Loudoun County had a median household income of $156,821, the highest of any county or county equivalent in the nation.
Blue Wizard Digital
Blue Wizard Digital is a Canadian video game development studio and game publisher founded in 2014 by Jason Kapalka, one of the founders of PopCap Games and an early pioneer in the mobile casual gaming space. It is based in the Comox Valley, British Columbia, and is the only video game studio currently headquartered in Comox, as The Long Dark studio Hinterland is now based in Vancouver.

The studio specializes in campy horror puzzle games, humorous first-person shooters and other innovative variations on existing models of gaming.

Jason Kapalka
Jason Kapalka (born 1970) is a Canadian game developer and entrepreneur based in the Comox Valley and Vancouver, British Columbia. He is best known as one of the founders of the video game studio PopCap Games Inc., along with John Vechey and Brian Fiete. PopCap was founded in 2000 and sold to Electronic Arts in 2011. PopCap was originally titled “Sexy Action Cool,” but the name was changed when it was found to be misleading to many players. Kapalka is listed at #82 on IGN's list of the top 100 game creators of all time.
Perfect Life (TV series)
Perfect Life (Spanish: Vida perfecta) is a Spanish comedy television series, created by Leticia Dolera for Movistar+. The first season was fully released on the latter platform on 19 October 2019, whereas the second and last season was released on 19 November 2021.

Movistar Plus+
Movistar Plus+ (formerly Movistar+) is the trade name of the subscription platform for digital television owned by Telefónica, which operates in Spain. The service is distributed via optical fiber and ADSL as well as with satellites such as Astra. The platform, which was officially launched on July 8, 2015, stems from the merger of Canal+, previously responsible for the satellite TV operations, and Telefónica's Movistar TV. It is the largest subscription television provider in Spain with 3.7 million customers and 45% of market share.
Al-Buss refugee camp
Al-Buss camp (Arabic: مخيم البص) – also transliterated Bass, Al-Bass, or El-Buss with the definite article spelled either al or el – is one of the twelve Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon, located in the Southern Lebanese city of Tyre. It had been a refuge for survivors of the Armenian genocide from the 1930s until the 1950s, built in a swamp area which during ancient times had for at least one and a half millennia been a necropolis (see article here). In recent decades it has been "at the center of Tyre’s experience with precarity" and "a space that feels permanent yet unfinished, suspended in time."

Southern Lebanon
Southern Lebanon (Arabic: جنوب لبنان, romanized: Janūb Lubnān) is the area of Lebanon comprising the South Governorate and the Nabatiye Governorate. The two entities were divided from the same province in the early 1990s. The Rashaya and Western Beqaa districts, the southernmost districts of the Beqaa Governorate.

The main cities of the region are Sidon and Tyre on the coast, with Jezzine and Nabatiyeh more inland. The cazas of Bint Jbeil, Tyre, and Nabatieh in Southern Lebanon are known for their large Shi'a Muslim population with a minority of Christians. Sidon is predominantly Sunni, with the rest of the caza of Sidon having a Shi'a Muslim majority, with a considerable Christian minority, mainly Melkite Greek Catholics. The cazas of Jezzine and Marjeyoun have a Christian majority and also Shia Muslims. The villages of Ain Ebel, Debel, Qaouzah, and Rmaich are entirely Christian Maronite. The caza of Hasbaya has a Druze majority.
Ogazón
Ogazón is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alba Herrera y Ogazón (1885–1931), Mexican pianist

Arturo Barea Ogazon (1897–1957), Spanish journalist, broadcaster and writer

Bernardo Doroteo Reyes Ogazón (1850–1913), Mexican general and politician

Ignacio Luis Vallarta Ogazón (1830–1893), Mexican jurist, governor of Jalisco

Pedro Ogazón (1821–1890), Mexican politician, governor of Jalisco

Arturo Barea
Arturo Barea Ogazón (20 September 1897 – 24 December 1957) was a Spanish journalist, broadcaster and writer. After the Spanish Civil War, Barea left with his wife Ilsa Barea to live in exile in England where he died. His best-known work is his three-part autobiography La forja de un rebelde (The Forging of a Rebel).
Hermite–Minkowski theorem
In mathematics, especially in algebraic number theory, the Hermite–Minkowski theorem states that for any integer N there are only finitely many number fields, i.e., finite field extensions K of the rational numbers Q, such that the discriminant of K/Q is at most N.  The theorem is named after Charles Hermite and Hermann Minkowski.

This theorem is a consequence of the estimate for the discriminant

where n is the degree of the field extension, together with Stirling's formula for n!. This inequality also shows that the discriminant of any number field strictly bigger than Q is not ±1, which in turn implies that Q has no unramified extensions.

Stirling's approximation
In mathematics, Stirling's approximation (or Stirling's formula) is an asymptotic approximation for factorials. It is a good approximation, leading to accurate results even for small values of . It is named after James Stirling, though a related but less precise result was first stated by Abraham de Moivre.

One way of stating the approximation involves the logarithm of the factorial:

where the big O notation means that, for all sufficiently large values of , the difference between  and  will be at most proportional to the logarithm of . In computer science applications such as the worst-case lower bound for comparison sorting, it is convenient to instead use the binary logarithm, giving the equivalent form
 The error term in either base can be expressed more precisely as , corresponding to an approximate formula for the factorial itself,

Here the sign  means that the two quantities are asymptotic, that is, their ratio tends to 1 as  tends to infinity.
Tecate Peak
Tecate Peak is a mountain in San Diego County, California. It is four miles west of the twin towns of Tecate, California, and Tecate, Baja California, and is about 1/2 mile north of the Mexico–United States border.

Tecate Peak is also known as Kuuchamaa (also spelled Kuchamaa, Cuchuma, and Cuchama) Mountain, and is a sacred mountain for the indigenous Kumeyaay people.

Kumeyaay
The Kumeyaay, also known as 'Iipai-Tiipai or by the historical Spanish name Diegueño, is a tribe of Indigenous people who live at the northern border of Baja California in Mexico and the southern border of California in the United States. They are an Indigenous people of California.

The Kumeyaay language belongs to the Yuman–Cochimí language family. The Kumeyaay consist of three related groups, the 'Iipai, Tiipai, and Kamia. The San Diego River loosely divided the 'Iipay and the Tiipai historical homelands, while the Kamia lived in the eastern desert areas. The 'Iipai lived to the north, from Escondido to Lake Henshaw, while the Tiipai lived to the south, in lands including the Laguna Mountains, Ensenada, and Tecate. The Kamia lived to the east in an area that included Mexicali and bordered the Salton Sea.
Mark Miller (basketball)
Mark Miller (born September 15, 1975) is a retired American basketball player and current assistant coach for Robert Morris University in Chicago.  He was a standout college player for the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) and played professionally in six countries before starting his coaching career.

Robert Morris University Illinois
Robert Morris University Illinois, formerly Robert Morris College, was a private university with its main campus in Chicago, Illinois.  It was founded in 1965 but its oldest ancestor was the Moser School founded in 1913.  It changed its name to Robert Morris University Illinois in 2009.  In 2020, it merged into Roosevelt University, which formed under it a new Robert Morris Experiential College as one of several colleges at Roosevelt.  
Robert Morris offered associate and bachelor's degrees and was regionally accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.