hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mount Hachimori (Nagano)
Mount Hachimori (鉢盛山, Hachimoriyama) is a mountain of the Hida Mountains in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. It is the source of the Kiso River.

This mountain is not to be confused with a mountain of the same name on the Japanese island of Hokkaidō.

Hida Mountains
The Hida Mountains (飛騨山脈, Hida Sanmyaku), or Northern Alps (北アルプス, Kita Arupusu), is a Japanese mountain range which stretches through Nagano, Toyama and Gifu prefectures. A small portion of the mountains also reach into Niigata Prefecture. William Gowland coined the phrase "Japanese Alps" during his time in Japan, but he was only referring to the Hida Mountains when he used that name. The Kiso and Akaishi mountains received the name in the ensuing years.
Charlie Shields (1940s pitcher)
Charles Thomas Shields (October 20, 1922 – October 18, 1955) was an American Negro league pitcher in the 1940s.

A native of Whipple, West Virginia, Shields made his Negro leagues debut in 1941 with the New York Cubans and Chicago American Giants. He remained with Chicago in 1942 and 1943. Shields also pitched for the Homestead Grays during their 1943 Negro World Series championship season, posting a 3–0 record in five appearances. He died in Scarbro, West Virginia in 1955 at age 32.

Chicago American Giants
The Chicago American Giants were a Chicago-based Negro league baseball team. From 1910 until the mid-1930s, the American Giants were the most dominant team in black baseball. Owned and managed from 1911 to 1926 by player-manager Andrew "Rube" Foster, they were charter members of Foster's Negro National League. The American Giants won five pennants in that league, along with another pennant in the 1932 Negro Southern League and a second-half championship in Gus Greenlee's Negro National League in 1934.
Mikkelin maalaiskunta
Mikkelin maalaiskunta (abbreviated Mikkelin mlk, Swedish: Sankt Michels landskommun) is a former municipality of Finland located in the modern region of South Savo. Together with Anttola, it was consolidated with the town of Mikkeli in 2001.

Hirvensalmi
Hirvensalmi is a municipality of Finland.

It is located in the South Savo region. The municipality has a population of 2,046
(30 June 2025) and covers an area of 746.59 square kilometres (288.26 sq mi) of
which 281.2 km2 (108.6 sq mi)
is water. The population density is
4.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (11/sq mi).

Neighbour municipalities: Joutsa, Kangasniemi, Mikkeli, Mäntyharju and Pertunmaa.

Hirvensalmi is often said to be an island municipality. Most people live on the mainland, but living on an island is not unheard of. Most islands, though, are only inhabited during the summer holidays, when holidaymakers come mainly from Southern Finland and double the population of Hirvensalmi. In the north lake Puula marks the border of Hirvensalmi and Kangasniemi, and in the west lake Suontee separates it from Joutsa.

The municipality is unilingual Finnish.
GR 44
The GR 44 is a long-distance walking route of the Grande Randonnée network in France. The route connects Champerboux with Les Vans.

Along the way, the route passes through:

Champerboux

Col de Montmirat

Mas-d'Orcières

Villefort

Chambonas

Les Vans

GR footpath
The GR footpaths are a network of long-distance walking trails in Europe, mostly in France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Spain. They go by the following names: French: sentier de grande randonnée, West Flemish: Groteroutepad, Dutch: Langeafstandwandelpad, Spanish: sendero de gran recorrido, Portuguese: percurso pedestre de grande rota – generally meaning "long trail" or more literally "great route". The trails in France alone cover approximately 60,000 kilometres (37,000 mi). Trails are blazed with characteristic marks consisting of a white stripe above a red stripe. These appear regularly along the route, especially at places such as forks or crossroads.

The network is maintained in France by the Fédération Française de la Randonnée Pédestre (French Hiking Federation), and in Spain by the Federación Española de Deportes de Montaña y Escalada (Spanish Mountain Sports Federation). Many GR routes make up part of the longer European walking routes which cross several countries.
Completeness of atomic initial sequents
In sequent calculus, the completeness of atomic initial sequents states that initial sequents A ⊢ A (where A is an arbitrary formula) can be derived from only atomic initial sequents p ⊢ p (where p is an atomic formula).  This theorem plays a role analogous to eta expansion in lambda calculus, and dual to cut elimination and beta reduction.  Typically it can be established by induction on the structure of A, much more easily than cut elimination.

Well-formed formula
In mathematical logic, propositional logic, and predicate logic, a well-formed formula, abbreviated WFF or wff, often simply formula, is a finite sequence of symbols from a given alphabet, constructed following the defined grammar of a formal language.

The abbreviation wff is pronounced "woof", or sometimes "wiff", "weff", or "whiff".

A formal language can be identified with the set of formulas in the language. A formula is a syntactic object that can be given a semantic meaning by means of an interpretation. Two key uses of formulas are in propositional logic and predicate logic.
M1844 32-pounder howitzer
The M1844 32-pounder howitzer was a bronze smoothbore artillery piece adopted by the United States Army in 1844 and employed during the American Civil War. The muzzleloader fired a 25.6 lb (11.6 kg) common shell to a distance of 1,504 yd (1,375 m) at 5° elevation. It also fired canister shot and spherical case shot. The howitzer was originally designed to be used in a mixed battery with 12-pounder field guns. However, at the time of the American Civil War, the howitzer was replaced by the M1857 12-pounder Napoleon, which combined the functions of both field gun and howitzer. Only a few 32-pounder howitzers were produced, and they were used sparingly as field artillery in the American Civil War because of the weapon's great weight.

Elevation (ballistics)
In ballistics, the elevation is the angle between the horizontal plane and the axial direction of the barrel of a gun, mortar or heavy artillery.  Originally, elevation was a linear measure of how high the gunners had to physically lift the muzzle of a gun up from the gun carriage to compensate for projectile drop and hit targets at a certain distance.
A Nation's Will
"A Nation's Will" (Arabic: إرادة أمة ʾIrādāt ʾumma) was the national anthem of the Yemen Arab Republic from 1978 to 1990. The anthem was introduced to replace the old national anthem "Peace to the Land". It was eventually replaced by "United Republic", following the Yemeni unification.

National anthem of Yemen
"United Republic", also known by its incipit "Repeat, O World, My Song",  is the national anthem of Yemen. It was written by ʿAbdullāh ʿAbd al-Wahhāb Nuʿmān to music composed by ʾAyyūb Ṭārish. It was formerly used as the national anthem of South Yemen and was adopted by Yemen when the country was unified in 1990.

During its usage by South Yemen from 1979 to 1990, the anthem was used without a title.
Colding-Walker House
Colding-Walker House, also known as Robwood, is a historic home located at Appleton, Allendale County, South Carolina. The original section was built about 1853, and is a 1+1⁄2-story side gable roofed residence on a raised brick basement. It was extensively renovated in the late 1890s. The front façade features a full-width wrap-around porch and gable front portico embellished with Folk Victorian style spindlework detailing. Also located on the property are a carriage house, smokehouse, and barn.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

Smokehouse
A smokehouse (North American) or smokery (British) is a building where meat or fish is cured with smoke. The finished product might be stored in the building, sometimes for a year or more. Even when smoke is not used, such a building—typically a subsidiary building—is sometimes referred to as a "smokehouse".  When smoke is not used, the term meathouse or meat house is common.
Show-Me State Games
The Show-Me State Games (SMSG) is an annual competition for amateur athletes in the U.S. state of Missouri, held in the city of Columbia, specifically the Columbia Cosmopolitan Recreation Area

The SMSG is a member of the National Congress of State Games and the United States Olympic Committee. SMSG is a program of the Missouri Governor's Council on Physical Fitness and Health, . The name derives from the state's official nickname, the "Show-Me State."

The Show-Me State Games has expanded from 600 participants in 1985, to more than 34,000 year-round participants in 2014.  In addition to three weekends in the summer, the Show-Me STATE GAMES hosts events throughout the year, including basketball tournaments, soccer events, swimming events, triathlons, and a statewide Torch Run.  The mission of the SMSG is to provide all Missourians the opportunity to "take part in an event of health, fitness, family and fun".

Amateur
An amateur (from French 'one who loves') is generally considered a person who pursues an avocation independent from their source of income. Amateurs and their pursuits are also described as popular, informal, self-taught, user-generated, DIY, and hobbyist.
No Turning Back (film)
No Turning Back (Italian: Nessuno torna indietro) is a 1945 Italian drama film directed by Alessandro Blasetti and starring an ensemble cast including Elisa Cegani, Valentina Cortese, Maria Denis, Doris Duranti, Mariella Lotti, María Mercader, Dina Sassoli and Vittorio De Sica. It is based on the 1938 novel of the same title by Alba De Cespedes. It was shot at the Scalera Studios in Rome. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Guido Fiorini and Carlo Egidi. Made in 1943 during the Second World, due to disruption caused by the fighting in Italy, it did not go on release until January 1945.

Second World
The Second World was one of the "Three Worlds" during the Cold War, which described those countries aligned with the Soviet Union and allies in the Warsaw Pact and Eastern Bloc. This grouping was directly opposed to the First World, which grouped countries aligned with the United States and its allies in NATO and the Western Bloc.

The term is also sometimes used to describe either 20th century socialist states or middle-income countries broadly, rather than based on Soviet alignment.
Reverend Juuso Shikongo Senior Secondary School
Reverend Juuso Shikongo Senior Secondary School is a Namibian public school in the Omuntele Constituency in the Oshikoto Region about 60 kilometres southeast of Ondangwa, which was in 2013 inaugurated by then Education Minister Dr David Namwandi. The school is named after the founder of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia 's Omuntele congregation, Reverend Juuso Shikongo, the school started operating from a sister school, Uukule Senior Secondary School situated at Onyaanya Constituency some 30 kilometres away, in 2011 before moving to Omuntele at the beginning of the year 2013. In his official inauguration address, the education minister David Namwandi pointed out that Government has spent N$120 million (Namibian Dollars) on the construction of classrooms, offices and hostels for the school.

Omuntele Constituency
Omuntele Constituency is an electoral constituency in the Oshikoto Region on the northern part of Namibia. It had 21,884 inhabitants in 2004 and 9,854 registered voters in 2020. The district capital is the settlement of Omuntele.

The constituency is situated in the northwest part of Oshikoto about 60 km southeast of Ondangwa. The constituency is currently led by Sakeus 'Sacky' Nangula, councillor for SWAPO. It is dominated by Oshiwambo speaking people and a small number San people. People in the area survive in cultivating crops. Mahangu is the principal crop in the area.
Rainbow Song
Rainbow Song (虹の女神, Niji no Megami) is a 2006 Japanese film by director Naoto Kumazawa and produced by Shunji Iwai (who also co-wrote the screenplay under pseudonym Aminosan). Kumazawa had worked with Iwai before, having directed the making-of documentary for Swallowtail Butterfly.

Juri Ueno
Juri Ueno (上野 樹里, Ueno Juri; born 25 May 1986) is a Japanese actress. She first gained recognition in the 2005 film Swing Girls where she was a recipient of Newcomer of the Year prize at the Japanese Academy Awards. Ueno achieved mainstream success for playing the title role in the live-action adaptations of manga Nodame Cantabile for which she won Best Lead Actress at the 51st Television Drama Academy Awards in 2007. She further gained acclaim with her role in the television series Last Friends for which she won Best Supporting Actress at the Nikkan Sports Drama Grand Prix and the 57th Television Drama Academy Awards in 2008.
2013 South Seas Island Resort Women's Pro Classic
The 2013 South Seas Island Resort Women's Pro Classic was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2013 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $50,000 in prize money. It took place in Captiva Island, United States, on November 4–10, 2013.

Captiva, Florida
Captiva is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Lee County, Florida, United States. It is located on Captiva Island. As of the 2020 census, the population was 318, down from 583 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Cape Coral-Fort Myers, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Located just offshore in the Gulf of Mexico, the island is just north of Sanibel Island. Captiva is accessed by a small bridge that crosses Blind Pass from Sanibel Island.

Many of Captiva's homes, condominiums, and businesses were destroyed during Hurricane Charley in 2004, but the island recovered shortly thereafter. In September 2022, Hurricane Ian caused significant damage to the causeway and to the infrastructure of the island.
Disa lugens
Disa lugens, the blue bonnet disa, is a perennial plant and geophyte belonging to the genus Disa and is part of the fynbos. The plant is endemic to the Eastern Cape and Western Cape and occurs from the Cape Peninsula to Somerset East and Cathcart. The plant was once abundant but due to urban and coastal development, large parts of its habitat have been destroyed. The last specimen was seen on the Cape Flats in the 1970s and is considered extinct there. In the Port Elizabeth area, urban development has also affected the plant's appearance. Development on the coastal lowlands has also affected the plant's appearance. In the Eastern Cape, over grazing and crop cultivation have also affected the plant's appearance.

In 2007, a large subpopulation of approximately 500 to 1 000 plants was discovered in the Cathcart area. The plant does not require fires to flower.

There are two subspecies:

Disa lugens var. lugens

Disa lugens var. nigrescens (H.P.Linder) H.P.Linder

Cape Flats
The Cape Flats (Afrikaans: Die Kaapse Vlakte) is an expansive, low-lying, flat area situated to the southeast of the central business district of Cape Town. The Cape Flats is also the name of an administrative region of the City of Cape Town, which lies within the larger geographical area.
Chthonioidea
The Chthonioidea are a superfamily of pseudoscorpions, representing the earliest diverging and most primitive living pseudoscorpions. The superfamily contains two families.

Pseudotyrannochthoniidae — worldwide (c. 5 genera, 50 species)

Chthoniidae  — worldwide ( 40 + genera, 600+ species)

Some authors consider the genus Lechytia to be in its own family Lechytiidae, rather than to reside in Chthoniidae.

Pseudoscorpion
Pseudoscorpions, also known as false scorpions or book scorpions, are small, scorpion-like arachnids belonging to the order Pseudoscorpiones, also known as Pseudoscorpionida or Chelonethida.

Pseudoscorpions are generally beneficial to humans because they prey on clothes moth larvae, carpet beetle larvae, booklice, ants, mites, and small flies. They are common in many environments, but they are rarely noticed due to their small size. When people see pseudoscorpions, especially indoors, they often mistake them for ticks or small spiders. Pseudoscorpions often carry out phoresis, a form of commensalism in which one organism uses another for the purpose of transport.
Partridge Lake (Fox River)
Partridge Lake is a lake in Thunder Bay District in Northwestern Ontario, Canada. It is in the Great Lakes Basin, and is on the Fox River system. There are three inflows: two unnamed, at the northwest, and the Fox River at the northeast. The primary outflow, at the south, is the Fox River, which flows via the Pukaskwa River to Lake Superior.

Great Lakes Basin
The Great Lakes Basin consists of the Great Lakes and the surrounding lands of the states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin in the United States, and the province of Ontario in Canada, whose direct surface runoff and watersheds form a large drainage basin that feeds into the lakes. It is generally considered to also include a small area around and beyond Wolfe Island, Ontario, at the east end of Lake Ontario, which does not directly drain into the Great Lakes, but into the Saint Lawrence River.

The Basin is at the center of the Great Lakes region.
Humpback catshark
Sharks portal

The humpback cat shark (Apristurus gibbosus) is a shark of the family Pentanchidae, the deepwater catsharks, in the order Carcharhiniformes, found in the northwest Pacific Ocean off Zhujiang, South China Sea, from the surface to 915 m.  Its length is 39–41 cm. The largest specimen examined by Nakaya and Sato was 54.2 cm TL. The humpback catshark is a little-known oviparous deepwater catshark.

Biological specimen
A biological specimen (also called a biospecimen) is a biological laboratory specimen held by a biorepository for research, education, or diagnostics. Such a specimen would be taken by sampling so as to be representative of any other specimen taken from the source of the specimen. When biological specimens are stored, ideally they remain equivalent to freshly-collected specimens for the purposes of research.

Human biological specimens are stored in a type of biorepository called a biobank, and the science of preserving biological specimens is most active in the field of biobanking.
Fishbasket Lake
Fishbasket Lake (French: lac Fishbasket) is a lake in the Unorganized Part of Kenora District in northwestern Ontario, Canada. The lake is in the Hudson Bay drainage basin and is the source of the Fishbasket River.

The lake is 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) long and 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) wide, and lies at an elevation of 245 metres (804 ft).

The primary inflow is the water arriving directly from Mameigwess Lake at the centre east of the lake. The primary outflow, at the northwest tip of the lake, is the Fishbasket River, which flows to Winisk Lake, and then via the Winisk River to Hudson Bay.

Winisk River
The Winisk River is a river in northern Ontario, Canada, that starts at Wunnummin Lake and flows east to Winisk Lake.  From there it continues in a mostly northerly direction to Hudson Bay. The Winisk River is 475 kilometres (295 mi) long and has a drainage basin of 67,300 square kilometres (26,000 sq mi). The name is from Cree origin meaning "groundhog".

The river is remote and not accessible by road. Only a few isolated communities are along the river: Wunnumin Lake First Nation (on same lake), Webequie (on Winisk Lake) and Peawanuck, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) from its end. It is characterized by strong currents and whitewater while flowing off the Canadian Shield into the Hudson Bay lowlands. Here the river becomes broad.
Castle Saunderson
Castle Saunderson (Irish: Caisleán Shandarsan) is a castle near Belturbet in County Cavan, Ireland. It was the former family seat of the Saunderson family, and is now in ruins. The Finn River flows along the north-eastern edge of the Castle Saunderson Demesne, where the river enters a narrow channel of Upper Lough Erne. The castle is about a half a mile west from Wattlebridge, a small hamlet in the south-south-east of County Fermanagh.

The Castle Saunderson International Scouting Centre is a Scouting Ireland facility, opened in 2012 within the grounds of the castle. The centre provides indoor accommodation and campsites covering 34 acres (14 ha). It is open to Scouts year round, as well as to non-Scouts for most of the year. It currently acts as a World Scouting Centre for the Scouts, alongside Cairo International Scout Centre in Egypt and others.

Lough Erne
Lough Erne  (/lɒx ɜːrn/ LOKH URN, from Irish Loch Éirne) is two connected lakes in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. It is the second-largest lake system in Northern Ireland and Ulster, and the fourth largest in Ireland. The lakes are widened sections of the River Erne, which flows north and then curves west into the Atlantic. The smaller southern lake is called the Upper Lough as it is higher up the river. The larger northern lake is called the Lower Lough or Broad Lough. The town of Enniskillen lies on the short stretch of river between the lakes. The lake has more than 150 islands, along with many coves and inlets. The River Erne is 80 miles (129 km) long and drains an area of about 1,680 square miles (4,350 km2).
The Adventure of the Peculiar Protocols
The Adventure of the Peculiar Protocols: Adapted from the Journals of John H. Watson, M.D. is a Sherlock Holmes pastiche novel by Nicholas Meyer, published in 2019. It takes place after Meyer's other Holmes pastiches, The Seven-Per-Cent Solution, The West End Horror, and The Canary Trainer. It is Meyer's first Holmes pastiche in 26 years.

The story has Holmes debunk The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. As with Meyer's other pastiches, the novel features Holmes meeting real-life historical personages such as Constance Garnett, Israel Zangwill and Chaim Weizmann.

The book made the bestseller list of The Los Angeles Times in November 2019.

Israel Zangwill
Israel Zangwill (21 January 1864 – 1 August 1926) was a British author at the forefront of Zionism during the 19th century, and was a close associate of Theodor Herzl.  He later rejected the search for a Jewish homeland in Palestine and became the prime thinker behind the territorial movement.
Presynaptic inhibition
Presynaptic inhibition is a phenomenon in which an inhibitory neuron provides synaptic input to the axon of another neuron (axo-axonal synapse) to make it less likely to fire an action potential. Presynaptic inhibition occurs when an inhibitory neurotransmitter, like GABA, acts on GABA receptors on the axon terminal. Or when endocannabinoids act as retrograde messengers by binding to presynaptic CB1 receptors, thereby indirectly modulating GABA and the excitability of dopamine neurons by reducing it and other presynaptic released neurotransmitters. Presynaptic inhibition is ubiquitous among sensory neurons.

Cannabinoid receptor 1
Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), is a G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptor that in humans is encoded by the CNR1 gene. It was discovered by determination and characterization in 1988, and cloned in 1990 for the first time. The human CB1 receptor is expressed in the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system. It is activated by endogenous cannabinoids called endocannabinoids, a group of retrograde neurotransmitters that include lipids, such as anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol; plant phytocannabinoids, such as docosatetraenoylethanolamide found in wild dagga, the compound tetrahydrocannabinol which is an active constituent of the psychoactive drug cannabis; and synthetic analogs of tetrahydrocannabinol. CB1 is antagonized by the phytocannabinoid tetrahydrocannabivarin at low doses and at higher doses, it activates the CB1 receptor as an agonist, but with less potency than tetrahydrocannabinol.

The primary endogenous agonist of the human CB1 receptor is anandamide.