hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Ethos Effect
The Ethos Effect (2003) is a science fiction novel by American writer L. E. Modesitt, Jr., a sequel to The Parafaith War. It is set in a future where humanity has spread to the stars and divided into several factions. Many factions including the Eco-Tech Coalition, the Revenants of the Prophet ("revs") and the Taran Empire are engaged in escalating conflict over territory and their competing social philosophies. Against this background, former Taran Empire officer Van C. Albert is recruited by the mysterious Trystin Desoll to work for the equally mysterious Integrated Information Systems.

While this novel shares many themes that can be found in other novels by Modesitt, The Ethos Effect adds elements of Societal Ethics rather than only involving personal ethics.  This is one of the only books written by Modesitt where a person enacts major political and structural changes in the culture into which the protagonist was raised.

L. E. Modesitt Jr.
L. E. (Leland Exton) Modesitt Jr. (/ˈmɒdɪsɪt/; born 1943) is an American science fiction and fantasy author who has written over 80 novels. He is best known for the fantasy series The Saga of Recluce. By 2015, the 18 novels in the Recluce series had sold nearly three million copies. By 2025, there were 25 Recluce novels.

In addition to his novels, Modesitt has published technical studies and articles, columns, poetry, and a number of science fiction stories. His first short story, "The Great American Economy", was published in 1973 in Analog Science Fiction and Science Fact.  In 2008, he published his first collection of short stories, Viewpoints Critical: Selected Stories (Tor Books, 2008).

Modesitt was the Writer Guest of Honor at Balticon 58, held from May 24 to 27, 2024.
Archibald Forbes
Archibald Forbes (17 April 1838 – 30 March 1900) was a Scottish war correspondent and author. He reported on the Franco-Prussian War, the Third Carlist War and the Russo-Turkish War. Being a British Army veteran; he likewise reported on various British colonial conflicts, notably the Anglo-Zulu War. Meanwhile he also wrote several biographies and historical works.

War correspondent
A war correspondent is a journalist who covers stories first-hand from a war zone.

War correspondence stands as one of journalism's most important and impactful forms. War correspondents operate in the most conflict-ridden parts of the world. Once there, they attempt to get close enough to the action to provide written accounts, photos, or film footage. It is often considered the most dangerous form of journalism.

Modern war correspondence emerged from the news reporting of military conflicts during the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars. Its presence grew in the middle of the nineteenth century, with American journalists covering the Mexican-American War (1846–1848) and the European newspapermen writing reports from the Crimean War (1853–1856).
André Gevers
André Gevers (born 19 August 1952) is a retired amateur Dutch track cyclist who was active between 1973 and 1982. He won the amateur road race at the 1975 UCI Road World Championships, as well as individual stages of the Olympia's Tour (1975), Circuit de la Sarthe (1976 and 1977) and Ronde van Nederland (1976).

In 1978 and 1979 he rode as a professional for TI–Raleigh–McGregor.

Région Pays de la Loire Tour
The Région Pays de la Loire Tour, formerly Circuit de la Sarthe-Pays de la Loire, (English: Circuit of Sarthe) is an early-season short road bicycle racing stage race held annually in Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France. Since 2005, it has been organised as a 2.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour. A women's edition has been held since 2024 as a category 1.2 one-day event.

Between 1953 and 1974 it was an amateur race, becoming a professional race in 1975.
Intuit Mint
Mint, also known as Intuit Mint and formerly known as Mint.com, was a personal financial management website and mobile app for the US and Canada produced by Intuit, Inc. (which also produces TurboTax, QuickBooks, and Credit Karma). Mint's primary service allowed users to track bank, credit card, investment, and loan balances and transactions through a single user interface, as well as create budgets and set financial goals.

Personal finance
Personal finance is the financial management that an individual or a family unit performs to budget, save, and spend monetary resources in a controlled manner, taking into account various financial risks and future life events.

When planning personal finances, the individual would take into account the suitability of various banking products (checking accounts, savings accounts, credit cards, and loans), insurance products (health insurance, disability insurance, life insurance, etc.), and investment products (bonds, stocks, real estate, etc.), as well as participation in monitoring and management of credit scores, income taxes, retirement funds and pensions.
Aivaras Balžekas
Aivaras Balžekas (April 8, 1982 – October 10, 2005) was a Lithuanian professional tennis player and a member of Lynn University's tennis team.

Balzekas was a member of the Lithuania Davis Cup team and earned a career-high ATP singles ranking of world no. 926 in 2002.  He played for one season at Lynn in Boca Raton, Florida, and had earned several honors and titles, including finishing the 2005 season ranked 11th in American college tennis. This continued a successful career that began at Auburn University–Montgomery, where he was a member of the 2004 NAIA national championship team.

Balzekas died at a Florida hospital where he was taken after being struck by a motorist. The collision occurred on October 8, 2005. At the time he was helping a friend push a disabled vehicle along the side of a road. A Boca Raton man named David Walsh was sentenced to a year and one day in prison for the death of Balzekas. He pleaded guilty to driving drunk and killing Balzekas.

Lithuania Davis Cup team
The Lithuania men's national tennis team represents Lithuania in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Lithuanian Tennis Association.

Lithuania has never been a tennis country – no tennis player from Lithuania entered ATP top 500 until 2008. However, the situation is changing in recent years. Currently young Lithuanian players are winning the greatest tennis victories in the history of Lithuania. As expected, this led to the increasing popularity of tennis in the country. Now, Lithuania has a few very high quality players.

In 2012 Lithuania competed in the third group of Davis Cup, where they won all three ties and got promoted to the second group. It played seven times  there. Also, it has competed in the third group for 13 times. And once have been promoted to group one, where Lithuania team is currently playing.
Going Wild with Jeff Corwin
Going Wild with Jeff Corwin is a nature documentary television series produced and aired in the late 1990s on the Disney Channel. Hosted by Jeff Corwin, the show lasted for three seasons from August 10, 1997, to June 13, 1999, before it was canceled.

The show was first announced in an August 1997, simultaneously with another nature-oriented Disney show, Omba Mokomba. In the show, Corwin travels to natural places around the world, including Florida, South Africa, Papua New Guinea, Death Valley, and Hawaii, searching for wild animals. In each episode, Jeff searches for a "Feature Creature", and always finds it at the end of the episode. Creatures previously featured include manatees, cobras, crocodiles, bighorn sheep, dolphins, and bears. As he explores, Jeff looks for "Creature Clues" to help him find the animal. In some episodes, Jeff also explores ancient ruins, including, Gila Cliff Dwellings, Port Arthur, Rhyolite, and Ayutthaya.

Bighorn sheep
The bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) or bighorn is a species of sheep native to North America. It is named for its large horns. A pair of horns may weigh up to 14 kg (30 lb); the sheep typically weigh up to 143 kg (315 lb). Recent genetic testing indicates three distinct subspecies of Ovis canadensis, one of which is endangered: O. c. sierrae.

Sheep originally crossed to North America over the Bering Land Bridge from Siberia; the population in North America peaked in the millions, and the bighorn sheep entered into the mythology of Native Americans. By 1900, the population had crashed to several thousand due to diseases introduced through European livestock and overhunting.
Hannover CL.III
The Hannover CL.III was a two-seat, single-bay biplane built by the Hannoversche Waggonfabrik during the First World War for the Imperial German Army's (Deutsches Heer) Imperial German Air Service (Luftstreitkräfte). It was a multi-role aircraft derived from the CL.II, used to escort reconnaissance aircraft and as a ground-attack machine. It entered service early in 1918.

Reconnaissance aircraft
A reconnaissance aircraft (colloquially, a spy plane) is a  military aircraft designed or adapted to perform aerial reconnaissance with roles including collection of imagery intelligence (including using photography), signals intelligence, as well as measurement and signature intelligence. Modern technology has also enabled some aircraft and UAVs to carry out real-time surveillance in addition to general intelligence gathering.

Before the development of devices such as radar, military forces relied on reconnaissance aircraft for visual observation and scouting of enemy movement.  An example is the PBY Catalina maritime patrol flying boat used by the Allies in World War II:  a flight of U.S. Navy Catalinas spotted part of the Japanese fleet approaching Midway Island, beginning the Battle of Midway.
Arram
Arram is a small (population 200) farming village in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately 3 miles (5 km) north of the market town of Beverley and 1.5 miles (2.4 km) east of Leconfield.

It forms part of the civil parish of Leconfield.

The main features are a small railway station on the Yorkshire Coast Line, proximity to RAF Leconfield and a red phonebox.

The village has a fishing venue on the tidal River Hull.

The road from Leconfield is one continuous corner due to being moved in the 1970s to accommodate the lengthening of the runway for Vulcan Bombers.

The Beverley Minster Way Walk goes through Arram.

RAF Leconfield
Royal Air Force Leconfield or more simply RAF Leconfield is a former Royal Air Force station located in Leconfield (near Beverley), East Riding of Yorkshire, England.

The site is now used by the MoD Defence School of Transport Leconfield or  DST Leconfield.
Rădăuți-Prut
Rădăuți-Prut is a commune in Botoșani County, Western Moldavia, Romania, composed of three villages: Miorcani, Rădăuți-Prut and Rediu. It was seriously affected by floods in July 2008.

Rădăuți-Prut is also a border crossing point between Moldova and Romania.

The only modern flint mine in Romania is located at the edge of Miorcani. Although archaeological evidence indicates that flint from this formation was collected from the Prut, Raut and Dniester rivers as early as the Palaeolithic, there is yet no evidence of mining the material until the 19th century. The nodules of flint extracted from the Miorcani flint mines are used to help grind sand for use in glass and ceramics production. The mines are currently administrated by Mindo S.A.

Prut
The Prut (also spelled in English as Pruth; Romanian pronunciation: [prut], Ukrainian: Прут) is a river in Eastern Europe. It is a left tributary of the Danube, and is 953 km (592 mi) long. Part of its course forms Romania's border with Moldova and Ukraine.
Prefixes in Hebrew
There are several prefixes in the Hebrew language which are appended to regular words to introduce a new meaning. In Hebrew, the letters that form those prefixes are called "formative letters" (Hebrew: אוֹתִיּוֹת הַשִּׁמּוּשׁ, Otiyot HaShimush). Eleven of the twenty-two letters of the Hebrew alphabet are considered Otiyot HaShimush. These letters are Aleph (א), Bet (ב), He (ה), Vav (ו), Yud (י), Kaf (כ), Lamed (ל), Mem (מ), Nun (נ), Shin (ש), and Tav (ת). A mnemonic to remember these letters is איתן משה וכלב (Eitan, Moshe, v'Kalev), which translates to "Ethan, Moses, and Caleb."

Caleb
Caleb (/ˈkeɪləb/; Hebrew: כָּלֵב, Tiberian vocalization: Kālēḇ, Modern Israeli Hebrew: Kalév [kaˈlev]) is a figure who appears in the Hebrew Bible as a representative of the Tribe of Judah during the Israelites' journey to the Promised Land.

Following the Israelite conquest of Canaan, Caleb was described as a Kenizzite and is said to have received lands originally intended for the Tribe of Judah. The Calebites, his descendants, likely comprised a mixed population of Edomite and Judean elements. They resided in southern Judah and in the northern part of the Negev region.

A reference to him is also found in the Quran, although his name is not mentioned (Al-Ma'idah: 20–26).
John Cobham (archdeacon of Totnes)
John Lawrence Cobham   (12 May 1873 – 27 December 1960) was an  Anglican priest.

He was  educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Crosby and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge and  ordained in 1897. He was Curate of Great Yarmouth from  1896 to 1900; and then of Christ Church, Gipsy Hill until 1904.He was Vicar of Carshalton from 1904 and a Chaplain to the British Armed Forces during World War I. Later he was Vicar of St Peter, Tunbridge Wells and then Rector of St Mark's Torquay.

He was appointed the Archdeacon of Totnes from 1933 until 1947. His son was Archdeacon of Durham from 1953 until 1969.

Royal Tunbridge Wells
Royal Tunbridge Wells (formerly, until 1909, and still commonly Tunbridge Wells) is a town in Kent, England, 30 miles (50 kilometres) southeast of Central London. It lies close to the border with East Sussex on the northern edge of the High Weald, whose sandstone geology is exemplified by the rock formation High Rocks. The town was a spa in the Restoration and a fashionable resort in the mid-1700s under Beau Nash when the Pantiles, and its chalybeate spring, attracted visitors who wished to take the waters. Though its popularity as a spa town waned with the advent of sea bathing, the town still derives much of its income from tourism. The prefix "Royal" was granted to it in 1909 by King Edward VII; it is one of only three towns in England with the title.

The town had a population of 59,947 in 2016, and is the administrative centre of Tunbridge Wells Borough and in the parliamentary constituency of Tunbridge Wells.
Karchawang
Karchawang  is a village development committee in Rolpa District in the Rapti Zone of north-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2874 people living in 566 individual households.

Rapti Zone
Rapti Zone (Nepali: राप्ती अञ्चल Listenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones, located in the Mid-Western Development Region of Nepal.  It was named after the West Rapti River which drains Rolpa, Pyuthan and part of Dang districts. The remainder of Dang and part of Salyan district are drained by the Babai.  The remainder of Salyan and all of Rukum districts are drained by the Bheri.

The headquarters of Rapti were Tulsipur and the largest city was Tribhuvannagar (Ghorahi). Other main cities and towns of Rapti zone were Pyuthan Khalanga, Bijuwar, Liwang, Lamahi, Musikot, Rukumkot (Shova), and Chaurjahari.
2013 Virginia's 31st House of Delegates district election
Virginia's 31st House of Delegates district election, 2013, held November 5, 2013, was a contest between incumbent Republican Scott Lingamfelter and Democratic challenger Jeremy McPike. McPike ran on the issues of quality of life, transportation, education, and energy. Lingamfelter wanted to streamline government.

Jeremy McPike
Jeremy Scott McPike (born September 19, 1975) is an American politician from Virginia. A member of the Democratic Party, McPike is the member of the Virginia Senate, who has represented the 29th district since the 2015 election.

Jeremy McPike has spent his life in Prince William County, attending Elizabeth Vaughan Elementary, Fred Lynn Middle and graduating from Gar-Field High School.

McPike attended George Mason University for his Bachelor's and Master's of Public Administration degrees. He supported himself by working as a construction laborer and superintendent.

McPike has worked for the City of Alexandria for 22 years, and serves as the Director of General Services. He also serves as a volunteer firefighter and EMT with the Dale City Volunteer Fire Department at the rank of captain.

McPike and his wife Sharon live in Dale City with their children.
Örjan Lüning
Örjan Lüning (30 May 1919 − 24 September 1995) was a Swedish philatelist who was a specialist in aerophilately. In 1979 he was awarded the Crawford Medal for his work Luftpostens historia i Norden - The history of airmail in Scandinavia. His Large Gold Medal winning collection of pioneer flights and airmail of Scandinavia together with his Gold Medal collection of Denmark were sold by Corinphila in 2001.

He was also an architect, and his work was part of the architecture event in the art competition at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

Philately
Philately (/fɪˈlætəli/; fih-LAT-ə-lee) is the study of postage stamps and postal history. It also refers to the collection and appreciation of stamps and other philatelic products. While closely associated with stamp collecting and the study of postage, it is possible to be a philatelist without owning any stamps. For instance, the stamps being studied may be very rare or reside only in museums.
Ōrere River
The Ōrere River is a river of the Auckland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows generally northeast from the Hunua Ranges, reaching the Firth of Thames at Ōrere Point, close to the point where the firth widens into the Hauraki Gulf / Tīkapa Moana.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "place of the waterfall" for Ōrere.

Auckland Region
Auckland (Māori: Tāmaki Makaurau) is one of the 16 regions of New Zealand, which takes its name from the eponymous urban area. The region encompasses the Auckland metropolitan area, smaller towns, rural areas, and the islands of the Hauraki Gulf. Containing 34 percent of the nation's residents, it has by far the largest population and economy of any region of New Zealand, but the second-smallest land area.

On 1 November 2010, the Auckland region became a unitary authority administered by the Auckland Council, replacing the previous regional council and seven local councils. In the process, an area in its southeastern corner was transferred to the neighbouring Waikato region. Since then, the Auckland Council has introduced a system of local boards to divide the region for local government.
Kazimierz Żebrowski
Kazimierz Żebrowski (4 March 1891 – 1940) was a Polish ice hockey player. One of the earliest ice hockey players in Poland, he helped form the team at AZS Warszawa in 1922, and played with them during his career. Żebrowski won the Polish league championship five years in a row from 1927 to 1931 with AZS Warszawa, and played for the Polish national team at the 1928 Winter Olympics. He died during the Second World War, though an exact date is unknown.

AZS Warsaw
Academic Sports Association Warsaw (Polish: Akademicki Związek Sportowy Warszawa) was a former multi-section University sports club based in Warsaw, Poland. The club was dissolved into University clubs within Universities in Warsaw that were re-established when the club was dissolved, including AZS Politechnika Warsaw, and AZS Uniwersytet Warszawski.
Roider Jackl
Roider Jackl (17 June 1906 in Weihmichl – 8 May 1975 in Freising; real name: Jakob Roider) was a German performer, singer, and folk singer, who performed in Bavarian language.

He became famous in the 1950s especially because of the writing and performing of Gstanzls (short Bavarian mocking songs). A Gstanzl normally consists of four lines, sometimes eight, and is sung in dialect. He performed for example in the Bayerischer Rundfunk and in the Nockherberg. He was a master of the political Gstanzl. Karl Valentin was among his admirers.

Bavarian language
Bavarian (Boarisch or Bairisch; German: Bayrisch [ˈbaɪʁɪʃ] ⓘ), alternately Austro-Bavarian, is a group of Upper German varieties spoken in the south-east of the German language area, including the German state of Bavaria, most of Austria, and South Tyrol in Italy. Prior to 1945, Bavarian was also prevalent in parts of the southern Sudetenland and western Hungary. Bavarian is spoken by approximately 12 million people in an area of around 125,000 square kilometres (48,000 sq mi), making it the largest of all German dialects. In 2008, 45 percent of Bavarians claimed to use only dialect in everyday communication.
Mong Kok West (constituency)
Mong Kok West (Chinese: 旺角西) is one of the 19 constituencies in the Yau Tsim Mong District of Hong Kong. The constituency returns one district councillor to the Yau Tsim Mong District Council, with an election every four years.

Yau Tsim Mong District
Yau Tsim Mong District is one of 18 districts of Hong Kong, located on the western part of Kowloon Peninsula. It is the core urban area of Kowloon. The district has the second highest population density of all districts, at 49,115 km2 (18,963 sq mi). The 2016 By-Census recorded the total population of Yau Tsim Mong District at 342,970.

Yau Tsim Mong District contains the urban areas of Yau Ma Tei, Tsim Sha Tsui, and Mong Kok, as well as Ferry Point, King's Park, Kwun Chung, Tai Kok Tsui, Tsim Sha Tsui East, the Union Square and Kowloon Point. Formerly two districts, the Yau Tsim District and Mong Kok District, it was combined in 1994. Its name is an acronym of the three aforementioned major areas.
Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick leadership elections
This page lists the results of leadership elections held by the Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick or as it was known before March 3, 1943, the Conservative Party.  Before 1925 leaders were chosen by the caucus.

Bernard Lord
Bernard Lord ONB KC (born September 27, 1965) is a Canadian lawyer, business executive and former politician. He served as the 30th premier of New Brunswick from 1999 to 2006. Lord was appointed as board chair of Ontario Power Generation in 2014.
Sholak
Sholak or Solak is a village in Wazirpur Upazila of Barisal District in the Barisal Division of southern-central Bangladesh.

According to the 2022 Census of Bangladesh, Sholak had 1,305 households and a population of 5,316. It has a total area of 4.46 km2 (1.72 sq mi).

2022 Bangladeshi census
The 2022 Bangladeshi census (Bengali: বাংলাদেশের আদমশুমারি ২০২২) was a detailed enumeration of the Bangladeshi population constituting the sixth national census in the country. It was scheduled to be held in June 2022, was conducted by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, and the reference day used for the census was June 15, 2022. It was initially scheduled to be held in 2021 but was delayed due to complications caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and a lack of equipment.
Death of Flora Prior
Flora Prior (1921–1947) was an Australian woman who was raped and killed by three men on the banks of the Fitzroy River in Rockhampton, Queensland, on 25 February 1947. 18-year-old lad porter Ernest Joseph Davidson, 21-year-old station hand Roy Joseph Howard and 20-year-old labourer Mark Mathieson Dean were convicted of Prior's manslaughter.

The case drew attention from the national press due to the sexual and violent nature of Prior's death, but also because of the actions of Judge Frank Brennan during the trial, including his angry response to those sitting in the public gallery and his subsequent ban on members of the public viewing the trial. The sentence Brennan imposed on the three men responsible, which Brennan acknowledged was lenient, also prompted anger from the victim's family, the press, and the public. A successful appeal by the Attorney-General of Queensland more than doubled the original sentence.

Attorney-General of Queensland
The attorney-general of Queensland is a ministerial position of the Government of Queensland with responsibility for the state's legal and justice system.

Upon the election of the Crisafulli  Government, Deb Frecklington was appointed the attorney-general of Queensland as of 1 November 2024.