hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Changnyeong County
Changnyeong County (Korean: 창녕군; RR: Changnyeong-gun) is a county in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea.

In the early Three Kingdoms period, Changnyeong was the seat of Bihwa Gaya, a member of the Gaya confederacy which was later conquered by Silla.

The Nakdong River flows through the county.  The Upo wetland, an important ecological resource and tourist attraction, occupies a portion of the river basin.

The county government is located in Changnyeong Town (창녕읍), the largest town and center of the county.

Famous people from Changnyeong include North Korean actress Song Hye-rim and the former mayor of Seoul Park Won-soon.

Administrative divisions of South Korea
South Korea is made up of 17 first-tier administrative divisions: 6 metropolitan cities (gwangyeoksi 광역시/廣域市), 1 special city (teukbyeolsi 특별시/特別市), 1 special self-governing city (teukbyeol-jachisi 특별자치시/特別自治市), and 9 provinces (do 도/道), including three special self-governing provinces (teukbyeol jachido 특별자치도/特別自治道) and six claimed by the ROK government. These are further subdivided into a variety of smaller entities, including cities (si 시/市), counties (gun 군/郡), districts (gu 구/區), towns (eup 읍/邑), townships (myeon 면/面), neighborhoods (dong 동/洞) and villages (ri 리/里).
Frank Erlanger
Frank Erlanger (March 25, 1882 – 1961), also credited as Frank A. Erlanger or Frank Charles Erlanger was a Hungarian-American silent film actor best known for his work with the Balboa Amusement Producing Company.

Hungarian Americans
Hungarian Americans (Hungarian: amerikai magyarok, pronounced [ˈɒmɛrikɒji ˈmɒɟɒrok]) are Americans of Hungarian descent. The U.S. Census Bureau has estimated that there are approximately 1.396 million Americans of Hungarian descent as of 2018. The total number of people with ethnic Hungarian background is estimated to be around 4 million. The largest concentration is in the Greater Cleveland Metropolitan Area in Northeast Ohio. At one time, the presence of Hungarians within Cleveland proper was so great that the city was known as the "American Debrecen," with one of the highest concentrations of Hungarians in the world.
The Farmer's Wife (women's magazine)
The Farmer's Wife was a monthly women's magazine published in St. Paul, Minnesota.

First published in 1897 and ending as an independent publication in 1939, it offered advice about farming, housekeeping and cooking, also publishing fiction. At its peak, it had well over a million subscribers nationally.

The magazine was established by Webb Publishing Company, which was founded by Fargo, North Dakota newspaperman Edward A. Webb. The company moved to St Paul, Minnesota in 1890. The company continued to grow, eventually becoming one of the largest agricultural publishers in the United States.

The Farmer's Wife was sold to Farm Journal in 1939. The magazine at that time was re-titled Farm Journal and Farmer's Wife (last three words in smaller print) until 1945. It was then published as Farm Journal with a back section titled The Farmer's Wife until 1970.

Fargo, North Dakota
Fargo is the most populous city in the U.S. state of North Dakota. The population was 125,990 at the 2020 census and estimated at 136,285 in 2024. Fargo and its twin city of Moorhead, Minnesota, form the core of the Fargo–Moorhead metropolitan area, which had a population of 248,591 in 2020. It is the county seat of Cass County.

Fargo was founded in 1871 on the Red River of the North floodplain. It is a cultural, retail, health care, educational, and industrial center for southeastern North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota. North Dakota State University is in the city.
2023 Czech Darts Open
The 2023 Czech Darts Open, known as the 2023 Gambrinus Czech Darts Open for sponsorship reasons, was a professional darts tournament that took place at the PVA Expo Praha in Prague, Belgium from 12–14 May 2023. It was the eighth of thirteen European Tour events on the 2023 PDC Pro Tour. It featured a field of 48 players and £175,000 in prize money, with £30,000 going to the winner.

Luke Humphries was the defending champion, defeating Rob Cross 8–5 in the 2022 final, but he was defeated 6–3 by Peter Wright in the quarter-finals.

Peter Wright went on to win his eighth European Tour title by defeating Dave Chisnall 8–6 in the final.

Luke Humphries
Luke Humphries (born 11 February 1995) is an English professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events, where he is ranked world No. 2; he was ranked world No. 1 from 3 January 2024 to 16 November 2025. Nicknamed "Cool Hand" in the reference to the 1967 film Cool Hand Luke, he won the PDC World Championship in 2024. He has won 8 PDC major titles—ranked joint fifth all-time—and a total of 24 PDC titles.

After winning the 2019 PDC World Youth Championship and eleven PDC Development Tour titles, Humphries reached his first PDC major final at the 2021 UK Open, and won four European Tour titles in 2022. In 2023, Humphries won three PDC major titles. He defeated Luke Littler to claim his maiden World Championship in 2024. That year, he won  
two more PDC major titles, including the World Matchplay. He also won the 2024 World Cup of Darts for England, partnering Michael Smith. Humphries won two more PDC major titles in 2025, including the Premier League.
2002 Japan Series
The 2002 Japan Series was the championship series of Nippon Professional Baseball for the 2002 season. The 53rd edition of the Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff that matched the Central League champion Yomiuri Giants against the Pacific League champion Seibu Lions. The Giants swept the Lions in four games to win their 20th Japan Series championship.

Pacific League
The Pacific League (パシフィック・リーグ, Pashifikku Rīgu), or Pa League (パ・リーグ, Pa Rīgu), or the Persol Pacific League (パーソルパシフィック・リーグ, Pāsoruhōrudingusu Pa rīgu), due to sponsorship reasons, is one of the two professional baseball leagues constituting Nippon Professional Baseball in Japan. The winner of the league championship competes against the winner in the Central League for the annual Japan Series. It currently consists of six teams from around Japan.
UD SLF
The UD SLF is a rear-engined single-decker bus, and also a semi-low-floor city bus made by the UD Trucks. The other city buses of UD is the UD BRT. The BRT is an articulated bus unlike the SLF, which is a rigid bus.

Volvo Buses
Volvo Buses (Volvo Bus Corporation; formal name: Volvo Bussar AB), stylized as VOLVO, is a subsidiary and a business area of the Swedish vehicle maker Volvo, which became an independent division in 1968. It is based in Gothenburg.

It is one of the world's largest bus manufacturers, with a complete range of heavy buses for passenger transportation. The product range includes complete buses and coaches as well as chassis combined with a comprehensive range of services.

The bus operation has a global presence, with production in Europe, North and South America, Asia and Australia. In India it set up its production facility in Bangalore. A former production facility was located in Irvine, Scotland (closed in 2000).
Phymatopus behrensii
Phymatopus behrensii is a species of moth belonging to the family Hepialidae. It was first described by Stretch in 1872, and is known from the United States (California and Washington).

The wingspan is about 43 mm.

Recorded food plants for the species include Helenium, Lupinus, Malus, and various ferns.

Lupinus
Lupinus, commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in North Africa and the Mediterranean. They are widely cultivated both as a food source and as ornamental plants, but are invasive to some areas. For instance, lupine has become an ecological problem in Iceland since the beginning of the 21st century.
Frank Fryer
Frank Cunningham Fryer (2 November 1886 – 22 September 1958) was a New Zealand rugby union player. His position of choice was wing three-quarter. Fryer was educated at Christ's College where he was a member of the 1st XV between 1902 and 1904. Fryer represented Canterbury at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, from 1907 to 1908. He played nine matches for the All Blacks including four internationals.

Canterbury Rugby Football Union
The Canterbury Rugby Football Union (which is also referred to as Canterbury or CRFU) is the governing body for rugby union in a portion of the Canterbury region of New Zealand, and runs the Canterbury representative team. The Canterbury team has won the National Provincial Championship, Air New Zealand Cup, and the ITM Cup 14 times including a "six-peat" from 2008 to 2013 – with five in the National Provincial Championship, two in the Air New Zealand Cup, five in the ITM Cup and one in the Mitre 10 Cup. Their most recent victory was the 2017 Mitre 10 Cup. Canterbury also acts as a primary feeder to the Crusaders, who play in the Super Rugby competition.

The union also administers all club rugby within the region, including senior club rugby and school rugby. Canterbury has produced the most All Blacks of any New Zealand region, with Scott Barrett becoming Canterbury's 200th All Black in 2016.
Russell G. Juriansz
Russell Gordon Juriansz (born 1946) is a Canadian jurist who served as a justice of the Court of Appeal for Ontario. Juriansz was born in 1946 in Kirkee (Khadki), Maharashta, and came to Canada with his family in 1955. He received a BS from the University of Toronto in 1969 and graduated from Osgoode Hall Law School in 1972. Juriansz was appointed to the Ontario Superior Court of Justice in 1998. He was appointed to the Court of Appeal in March 2004 and retired on August 30, 2021.

Court of Appeal for Ontario
The Court of Appeal for Ontario (frequently mistakenly referred to as the Ontario Court of Appeal) (ONCA is the abbreviation for its neutral citation) is the appellate court for the province of Ontario, Canada. The seat of the court is Osgoode Hall in downtown Toronto (also the seat of the Law Society of Ontario and the Divisional Court of the Ontario Superior Court of Justice).
Rai Oi
Rai Oi (Thai: ไร่อ้อย, pronounced [râj ʔɔ̂j]) is a village and tambon (sub-district) of Phichai District, in Uttaradit Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a population of 6,924 people. The tambon contains 11 villages.

Uttaradit province
Uttaradit (Thai: อุตรดิตถ์, pronounced [ʔùt.tā.rā.dìt]; Northern Thai:ᩏᨲ᩠ᨲᩁᨯᩥᨲ᩠ᨳ᩺) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat). It lies in upper northern Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from south clockwise) Phitsanulok, Sukhothai, Phrae and Nan. To the east it borders Xaignabouli of Laos. Uttaradit is 488 km north of Bangkok, and 238 km southeast of Chiang Mai.
Geoff Fletcher
Geoff Fletcher (10 December 1943 – 9 November 2017) was a professional rugby league footballer, coach and chairman. Fletcher in his younger years played for Thatto Heath and later with Pilkington Recs where he played as a back and also as a winger. He later turned professional with Leigh. Geoff Fletcher also had stints with Oldham, Wigan and Workington Town. He joined Huyton in 1978 and went on to become player / coach and later manager. He died in November 2017, aged 74.

Knowsley Road
Knowsley Road was a former football stadium in Eccleston, St Helens, Merseyside. It was the home ground of St. Helens from 1890 until its closure in 2010. St Helens Town FC played their home fixtures at Knowsley Road from 2002 until 2010. For a period, the venue also hosted Liverpool F.C. Reserves. The stadium was demolished during spring 2011 and a new construction then known as Cunningham Grange, named after club legend Keiron Cunningham, was built on the site.
Water model
In computational chemistry, a water model is used to simulate and thermodynamically calculate water clusters, liquid water, and aqueous solutions with explicit solvent, often using molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo methods. The models describe intermolecular forces between water molecules and are determined from quantum mechanics, molecular mechanics, experimental results, and these combinations. To imitate the specific nature of the intermolecular forces, many types of models have been developed. In general, these can be classified by the following three characteristics; (i) the number of interaction points or sites, (ii) whether the model is rigid or flexible, and (iii) whether the model includes polarization effects.

An alternative to the explicit water models is to use an implicit solvation model, also termed a continuum model. Examples of this type of model include the COSMO solvation model, the polarizable continuum model (PCM) and hybrid solvation models.

Water dimer
Water portal

The water dimer consists of two water molecules loosely bound by a hydrogen bond. It is the smallest water cluster. Because it is the simplest model system for studying hydrogen bonding in water, it has been the target of many theoretical  (and later experimental) studies that it has been called a "theoretical Guinea pig".
Korea Human Rights Foundation
The Korea Human Rights Foundation (KHRF) was established in 1999 by prominent human rights experts, activists, lawyers, and academics following the commemorative events of the 50th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the KHRF strives to promote solidarity for empowerment in the realm of human rights in Korea.

Since its founding, KHRF has made significant contributions to the development of both the human rights movement and discourse in Korea by creating a platform for human rights activists, academics and all stakeholders to communicate through conferences, seminars and training workshops as well as publishing journals and newsletters.

Human rights movement
Human rights movement refers to a nongovernmental social movement engaged in activism related to the issues of human rights. The foundations of the global human rights movement involve resistance to: colonialism, imperialism, slavery, racism, segregation, patriarchy, and oppression of indigenous peoples.

A key principle of the human rights movement is its appeal to universality: the idea that all human beings should struggle in solidarity for a common set of basic conditions that has to be followed by all.
Trefný
Trefný is a Czech surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jakub Trefný (born 1981), Czech ice hockey player

Radovan Trefný (born 1987), Slovak ice hockey player

Otto Trefný (1932–2019), Czech medical doctor and politician

Otto Trefný
Otto Trefný (9 February 1932 in Slavětín nad Ohří – 2 March 2019) was a Czech medical doctor and communist politician who served as an MP, and also as physician of the national ice hockey team. He was a member of the Czech Ice Hockey Hall of Fame.
Jhamarwada
Jhamarwara is a village in Dausa district of Rajasthan, India.

It is 55 km from the state capital Jaipur and 240 km from Delhi. The principal occupation of most of its residents is farming.

In April 2015, Nangal Jhamarwara reached infamy due to the unfortunate death of a well off  resident farmer Gajender Singh Kalyanwat, during a political rally in Delhi. The resultant national furore on the media brought attention to the larger issue of farmer suicides during the last decade in India due to the agrarian crisis caused because of seed monopolies by companies like Monsanto and the apathy of the central and state governments to this issue.

Vandana Shiva
Vandana Shiva (born 5 November 1952) is an Indian scholar, environmental activist, food sovereignty advocate, ecofeminist and anti-globalization author. Based in Delhi, Shiva has written more than 20 books. She is often referred to as "Gandhi of grain" for her activism associated with the anti-GMO movement.

Shiva is one of the leaders and board members of the International Forum on Globalization (with Jerry Mander, Ralph Nader, and Helena Norberg-Hodge), and a figure of the anti-globalisation movement. She has argued in favour of many traditional practices, as in her interview in the book Vedic Ecology (by Ranchor Prime). She is a member of the scientific committee of the Fundacion IDEAS, Spain's Socialist Party's think tank. She is also a member of the International Organization for a Participatory Society.
Xinzhuang, Tianjin
Xinzhuang Town (simplified Chinese: 辛庄镇; traditional Chinese: 辛莊鎮; pinyin: Xīnzhuāng Zhèn) is a town located in the northwestern portion of Jinnan District, Tianjin, China. It borders Xinli and Jinqiao Subdistricts in the north, Xianshuigu Town in the east, Haitang Subdistrict in the south, Shuanggang Town in the west, and has an exclave north of Balitai Town. The town has 38,666 people residing within it as of 2010.

The name "Xinzhuang" (Chinese: 辛庄; lit. 'Xin's Manor') refers to the Zhong Xinzhuang Village that hosts the town's government since 1969.

Jinnan, Tianjin
Jinnan District (simplified Chinese: 津南区; traditional Chinese: 津南區; pinyin: Jīnnán Qū), formerly Nanjiao District (南郊区; 南郊區; Nánjiāo Qū; 'south suburb')  is a district of Tianjin, People's Republic of China, located on the western bank of the lower reaches of the Hai River The name of the district literally means "South Tianjin" or "South of Tianjin", explained by its location relative to the urban core of Tianjin.
S.O.S. (The Tiger Took My Family)
"S.O.S. (The Tiger Took My Family)" is a song recorded by Swedish Eurodance artist Dr. Bombay. It was released in 1998 as the second single from his debut album, Rice & Curry (1998). The song was a top 10 hit in Norway and Sweden (number two), while reaching the top 20 in Finland.

Rice & Curry
Rice & Curry is the first studio album by Swedish bubblegum dance artist Jonny Jakobsen under his pseudonym Dr. Bombay, released in 1998.

The album was the subject of mild controversy upon its release, prompted by a negative reaction to its faux-ethnic themes by the Indian government but no legal action was ever pursued.

Two of its tracks have been featured in the Beatmania IIDX series of video games and one is featured in the 2000 edition of Samba de Amigo.
Banknotes of the Spanish peseta
The banknotes of the Spanish peseta were established by the Bank of Spain in 1874–2001 until the introduction of the euro. From 1940 the banknotes were produced by the Royal Mint (Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre). In about the same year the inscription "El Banco de España" on both sides of the banknotes was temporarily changed to "Banco de España", as the definite article "el" was dropped. There is no significant legislation on the copyright of the Spanish peseta banknotes and their reproductions are permitted, except for advertising.

Royal Mint (Spain)
The Royal Mint of Spain (Spanish: Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre – Real Casa de la Moneda, lit. 'National Coinage and Stamp Factory – Royal Mint', FNMT-RCM) is the national mint of Spain. The FNMT-RCM is a public corporation that is attached to the Ministry of Economy.
Finchley United Synagogue
Finchley United Synagogue, more commonly known as Kinloss Synagogue, is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at Kinloss Gardens in Finchley, in the Borough of Barnet, in London, England, in the United Kingdom. The synagogue is located close to Henlys Corner on the North Circular Road.

The congregation is a member of the United Synagogue,  and worships in the Ashkenazi rite. There is also a Persian Sephardi synagogue within the building.

The main synagogue opened in 1967 and holds up to 1,400 people.

Nusach Ashkenaz
Nusach Ashkenaz is a style of Jewish liturgy conducted by Ashkenazi Jews. It is primarily a way to order and include prayers, and differs from Nusach Sefard (as used by the Hasidim) and Baladi-rite prayer, and still more from the Sephardic rite proper, in the placement and presence of certain prayers.
St Mary's Priory and Cathedral
St Mary's Priory and Cathedral was a Roman Catholic institution in Coventry, England, founded in the 12th century by transformation of the former monastery of St Mary, and destroyed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the early 16th century.  It was located on a site north of Holy Trinity and the former St Michael's parish churches in the centre of the city, on a site bordered by Priory Row to the south, Trinity Street to the west, and the River Sherbourne to the north. Excavated remains from the west end of the cathedral are open to the public.

Prior (ecclesiastical)
Prior (or  prioress) is an ecclesiastical title for a  superior in some religious orders. The word is derived from the Latin for "earlier" or "first". The office may head a local house, a region of houses (prior provincial), or the entire order (prior general). Its earlier generic usage referred to any monastic superior. In abbeys, a prior would be lower in rank than the abbey's abbot or abbess.
Paxamus
Paxamus, or Paxamos (Greek: Πάξαμος), was an ancient Greek author from the Hellenistic period. He composed a cookbook titled On Cooking and an agricultural textbook titled On Farming. Athenaeus, another Greek writer, mentioned Paxamus once in his work titled Deipnosophists. Paxamus was perhaps the inventor of barley biscuits named after him called "paximathia". He was quoted in the Geoponica, a Byzantine text on agriculture.

Geoponica
The Geoponica or Geoponika (Greek: Γεωπονικά) is a twenty-book collection of agricultural lore, compiled during the 10th century in Constantinople for the Byzantine emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus. The Greek word Geoponica signifies "agricultural pursuits" in its widest sense. It is the only surviving Byzantine agricultural work.

During the Macedonian Renaissance, the emperor Constantine VII assembled several compendia - compilations and excerpts of ancient writings - of which Geoponika was one. Around 50 manuscripts, dating from between the 10th and 16th centuries, have survived. Geoponika incorporated the work of Cassianus Bassus, which was compiled from an earlier work by Vindonius Anatolius.
2023 One-Day Cup
The 2023 One-Day Cup (also known as for sponsorship reasons as 2023 Metro Bank One Day Cup) was a limited overs cricket competition that formed part of the 2023 domestic cricket season in England and Wales. Matches were contested over 50 overs per side, having List A cricket status, with all eighteen first-class counties competing in the tournament. The tournament started on 1 August 2023, with the final taking place on 16 September 2023 at Trent Bridge in Nottingham. Kent were the defending champions, having won the 2022 tournament.

Leicestershire beat Hampshire by two runs in the final, winning their first List A trophy since 1985.

County cricket
Inter-county cricket matches have been played since the early 18th century, involving teams that are representative of the historic counties of England and Wales.

Two county championship competitions have existed since the late 19th century at different levels: the County Championship, a first-class competition which involves 18 clubs, of which 17 are English and one is from Wales; and the National Counties Championship, with 19 English clubs and one club representing several Welsh counties.

County clubs have also played limited-overs competitions since the 1960s. The first edition of the Gillette Cup in 1963 was the world's first List A cricket tournament. The Sunday League existed from 1969 to 2009, mostly as a 40-overs-per-side league. The 2003 Twenty20 Cup was the world's first Twenty20 tournament. Currently, the main limited-overs county competitions are the One-Day Cup, Women's One-Day Cup, T20 Blast and Women's T20 Blast.