hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Patrick S. Druckenmiller
Patrick Scott Druckenmiller is a Mesozoic paleontologist, taxonomist, associate professor of geology, Earth Sciences curator, and museum director of the University of Alaska Museum of the North, where he oversees the largest single collection of Alaskan invertebrate and vertebrate fossils. He has published work on plesiosaurs, ichthyosaurs, mastodons, and dinosaurs in the United States, Svalbard, and Canada. He has co-authored papers on discussions of mass extinctions and biogeography.  Much of his work has focused on Arctic species. He is a member of the Spitsbergen Jurassic Research group, which focuses on marine reptiles.

Extinction event
An extinction event (also known as a mass extinction or biotic crisis) is a widespread and rapid decrease in the biodiversity on Earth. Such an event is identified by a sharp fall in the diversity and abundance of multicellular organisms. It occurs when the rate of extinction increases with respect to the background extinction rate and the rate of speciation.

Estimates of the number of major mass extinctions in the last 540 million years range from as few as five to more than twenty. These differences stem from disagreement as to what constitutes a "major" extinction event, and the data chosen to measure past diversity.
Freshwater Bay
Freshwater Bay can refer to:

Freshwater Bay (Western Australia)

Freshwater Bay, Barbados

Freshwater Bay, Newfoundland, bay near Gambo, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Freshwater Bay, Isle of Wight, cove on the south coast of the Isle of Wight, England

Freshwater Bay, Portland, bay on the Isle of Portland, Dorset, England

Freshwater Bay (Alaska), US

Freshwater Bay (Washington), US

Freshwater Bay (Western Australia)
Freshwater Bay is a bay of the Swan River, in metropolitan Perth, Western Australia. It is about 5 km (3.1 mi) upstream from the mouth of the river at Fremantle and is overlooked by the suburbs of Dalkeith, Claremont, Mosman Park and Peppermint Grove. Freshwater Bay was named after Freshwater Bay and Freshwater, Isle of Wight by Henry Charles Prinsep (1844–1922), who had a riverside family holiday cottage there, The Chine.
Yi Yungao
Yi Yungao (simplified Chinese: 义云高; traditional Chinese: 義雲高; pinyin: Yì Yúngāo; Jyutping: Ji6 Wan4gou1; born Wenjiang District, Sichuan in 1951- January 22, 2022), also known as Wan Ko Yee (the Cantonese version of his name using Western name order) and Dorje Chang Buddha III (第三世多杰羌佛), was a Chinese-American artist, Buddhist religious leader and self-declared third reincarnation of Dorje Chang (Vajradhara), a claim not universally accepted and doubted by many Buddhists.

He had many wealthy followers in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Thailand and China. In 1999, he moved to the United States and lived with his family in Pasadena, California, where he would live until his death in 2022 from natural causes. In addition to his Vajradhara claim, Yi also said that he was the second reincarnation of Vimalakirti and had performed miracles.

Vimalakirti
Vimalakīrti (Sanskrit: विमल vimala "stainless, undefiled" + कीर्ति kīrti "fame, glory, reputation") is a bodhisattva and the central figure in the Vimalakirti Sutra,  which presents him as the ideal Mahayana Buddhist upāsaka ("lay practitioner") and a contemporary of Gautama Buddha (6th to 5th century BCE). There is no mention of him in Buddhist texts until after Nāgārjuna (1st century BCE to 2nd century CE) revived Mahayana Buddhism in India. The Mahayana Vimalakirti Sutra also spoke of the city of Vaisali as where the lay Licchavi bodhisattva Vimalakirti was residing.
Our Color Green (The Singles)
Our Color Green (The Singles) is the third extended play by the American post-hardcore band Glassjaw, self-released on January 1, 2011. The EP compiles five singles that were previously released throughout the later part of 2010. Our Color Green (The Singles) is the first release from Glassjaw since the 2005 B-sides EP El Mark, and first release of original material since the 2002 studio album Worship and Tribute. It is also the first release by the band as a four-piece, without Todd Weinstock.

Daryl Palumbo
Daryl Palumbo (born February 10, 1979) is an American musician, originally from Bellmore, New York. He is the frontman of the bands Glassjaw, Head Automatica and Color Film. As a youth he was a member of the Long Island straight edge band XbustedX. In 1993 he met guitarist Justin Beck, who would become his good friend. Together they formed Glassjaw.

Palumbo has Crohn's disease, which has acted as inspiration for much of his musical output, most notably in the lyrical content of Glassjaw's major label debut Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Silence. His affliction has affected his bands' ability to tour, including the cancellation of a tour with The Used in 2005.
Stéphanie Cottel
Stéphanie Cottel (born 17 February 1972, Charens, Drôme, France) is a retired French rhythmic gymnast.

She represented France in the individual rhythmic gymnastics all-around competition at the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul. She was 24th in the qualification round and didn't advance to the final.

Gymnastics at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Women's rhythmic individual all-around
These are the results of the rhythmic individual all-around competition, the only Rhythmic Gymnastic event at the 1988 Summer Olympics.

Rules for the rhythmic gymnastics competition had changed after the previous Olympics. The ball apparatus was replaced by the rope. Thirty-nine gymnasts competed in the preliminary round, Each gymnast completed one exercise with each apparatus, and the twenty best gymnasts advanced to the finals. Each competitor carried over half her preliminary round score (prelim score) to the final, where it was added to her score in the final (final score). In the final, they again performed one exercise with each apparatus.

Each of the routines were judged by six judges, highest and lowest marks were dropped, and the average of the four remaining marks was the gymnast's score for the routine.
Knowledge Bennett
Knowledge Bennett is a Los Angeles–based visual artist known for his signature style that fuses pop art with contemporary and historical imagery. His provocative hybrid painting of Chairman Mao Zedong and Donald Trump was featured in the Chinese edition of New York Times. Bennett's work has been illustrated and discussed in publications including Vogue and the Huffington Post and exhibited internationally at art fairs including Art Basel.

The New York Times International Edition
The New York Times International Edition is an English-language daily newspaper distributed internationally by the New York Times Company. It has been published in two separate periods, one from 1943 to 1967 and one from 2013 to the present.
Three Rivers Park District
Three Rivers Park District is a special park district serving the suburban areas of the Twin Cities including suburban Hennepin, Carver, Dakota, Scott, and Ramsey counties. Three Rivers operates twenty parks and ten regional trails, with at least two more regional trails planned. Nearly seven million people visit Three Rivers facilities each year. It has over 27,000 acres (11,000 ha) of parks and trails.

Minnetrista, Minnesota
Minnetrista is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. It is located about 23 miles (37 km) west of Minneapolis, and is part of the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area. The largely rural Minnetrista has agricultural activity involving corn, soybeans, hay, and horses. In addition to farmland and woods, the city contains several lakes, including part of Lake Minnetonka, the state's ninth-largest. The city's population was 8,262 at the 2020 census. Minnetrista's name originates in the Dakota language, in which minne means "water" and trista means "crooked".
Lynching of Robert Marshall
Robert "Bob" Marshall (1885 - June 18, 1925) was an African American itinerant coal miner from Arkansas. On June 18, 1925, Marshall was lynched by the Ku Klux Klan for allegedly killing a white guard in Carbon County, Utah.: 355

Castle Gate, Utah
Castle Gate is a ghost town in the western United States, located in Carbon County in eastern Utah. A mining town approximately ninety miles (140 km) southeast of Salt Lake City, its name was derived from a rock formation near the mouth of Price Canyon. This formation features two sheer sandstone walls on either side of the Price River, which appear to open like a giant gate as travelers approach this narrow section of the canyon.
Schistura susannae
Schistura susannae is a species of ray-finned fish, a stone loach, in the genus Schistura. It occurs in small mountain streams which have waterfalls and small riffles, where it is usually observed in pools with gravel or sandy bottoms. It has only been found to occur in the Mong Mo river, a small coastal drainage, in central Vietnam. The specific name honors Susanne Klähr, for the help she gave to Maurice Kottelat in his field work.

Nemacheilidae
The Nemacheilidae, or stone loaches, are a family of cypriniform fishes that inhabit stream environments, mostly in Eurasia, with one genus, Afronemacheilus, found in Africa. The family includes about 790 species.
Hodosan Ropeway
The Hodosan Ropeway (宝登山ロープウェイ, Hodosan Rōpuwei) is a Japanese aerial lift line in Nagatoro, Saitama.

The line is operated by the Chichibu Railway, which merged the former operator Hodo Kōgyō (宝登興業), a subsidiary of Chichibu Railway, in 2025. Opened in 1961, the line climbs Mount Hodo (宝登山) of Chichibu Mountains. Cabins used for the line have not refurbished since its opening. Consequently, they are the oldest aerial lift cabins still used in Kantō region. At the summit, the company also operates a small zoo, a plum garden, and a wintersweet garden.

Kantō region
The Kantō region (関東地方, Kantō Chihō; IPA: [kaꜜn.toː, kan.toː tɕiꜜ.hoː, kan.toː tɕi̥.hoꜜː]) is a geographical region of Honshu, the largest island of Japan. In a common definition, the region includes the Greater Tokyo Area and encompasses seven prefectures: Chiba, Gunma, Ibaraki, Kanagawa, Saitama, Tochigi, and Tokyo. Slightly more than 45 percent of the land area within its boundaries is the Kantō Plain. The rest consists of the hills and mountains that form land borders with other regions of Japan.

As the Kantō region contains Tokyo, the capital and largest city of Japan, the region is considered the center of Japan's politics and economy. According to the official census on October 1, 2010, by the Statistics Bureau of Japan, the population was 42,607,376, amounting to approximately one third of the total population of Japan.
Steve Hollenhorst
Steven Jon Hollenhorst (born December 2, 1959) is an American environmental scholar and former dean in the College of the Environment at Western Washington University. He is the founder of the West Virginia Land Trust and the McCall Outdoor Science School (MOSS). His scholarship focuses on protected area policy and management, land trusts and conservation easements, and environmental resource management. He undertook some of the first empirical studies of the extreme/adventure sports phenomenon as it unfolded in the 1980s and 1990s. He is the former editor of the academic journals Society and Natural Resources, and the International Journal of Wilderness.

Environmental resource management
Environmental resource management or environmental management is the management of the interaction and impact of human societies on the environment. It is not, as the phrase might suggest, the management of the environment itself. Environmental resources management aims to ensure that ecosystem services are protected and maintained for future human generations, and also maintain ecosystem integrity through considering ethical, economic, and scientific (ecological) variables. Environmental resource management tries to identify factors between meeting needs and protecting resources. It is thus linked to environmental protection, resource management,  sustainability, integrated landscape management, natural resource management, fisheries management, forest management, wildlife management, environmental management systems, and others.
Vashakidze
Vashakidze is a Georgian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Irakli Vashakidze (born 1976), Georgian footballer

Mikheil Vashakidze (1909–1956), Georgian astronomer

Tamaz Vashakidze (born 1961), Georgian ballet dancer and teacher

Tamaz Vashakidze
Tamaz Vashakidze (Georgian: თამაზ ვაშაკიძე; April 14, 1961, in Tbilisi) is an artist (People's Artist of Georgia), premier dancer of the State Georgian Ballet, choreographer, holder of the Order of Honor of Georgia (2001), founder and awardee of the Chabukiani-Balanchine International Festival of Ballet Art, founder of the New Georgian Ballet Theatre of Modern Dance, holder of Special Award of Balanchine's Family, and founder of the Foundation "Chabukiani-Balanchine".
David di Donatello for Best Original Song
The David di Donatello for Best Original Song (Italian: David di Donatello per la miglior canzone originale) is a film award presented annually by the Accademia del Cinema Italiano (ACI).

The award has been given every year since 2005, with three previous attempts in the 1987, 1989 and 1990 editions.

Checco Zalone
Luca Pasquale Medici (born 3 June 1977), known as Checco Zalone (Italian pronunciation: [ˈkekko ddzaˈloːne]; modelled on the Italianised Barese insult che cozzalone!, lit. 'What a boor!'), is an Italian comedian, actor, showman, singer, musician, cabaret performer, screenwriter, director and film producer. He co-wrote and starred in the first highest-grossing Italian films in Italy, Buen Camino.
Mary Hay, 14th Countess of Erroll
Mary Hay, 14th Countess of Erroll (died 19 August 1758) was a Scottish noblewoman and suo jure Countess of Erroll. As 18th Hereditary Lord High Constable and Knight Marischal of Scotland, she was the Senior Great Officer among the Royal Officers of Scotland and Chief of the King's Household in Scotland.  She inherited these titles in 1717 on the death of her unmarried brother, Charles Hay, 13th Earl of Erroll.

Knight Marischal
The office of Knight Marischal was first created for the Scottish coronation of Charles I in 1633, at Scone. Unlike the separate office of Marischal, the office of Knight Marischal is not heritable, and has continued to be filled up to the death of the 11th Duke of Hamilton in 1863. The office is vacant but has not been abolished.

At the time of the Jacobite rising of 1715, the Knight Marischal was a Keith, and with his kinsman George, the 10th Earl Marischal, was in rebellion. However, as the office is non-heritable, it could not be forfeited, although the holder was stripped of office.

The salary attached to the post was £400 in 1660. The Public Offices (Scotland) Act 1817 provided that no person thereafter appointed as Knight Marshall should receive a salary.
Androcalva argentea
Androcalva argentea is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae and is endemic to Queensland. It is a tall shrub that forms suckers from rhizomes and has silvery branchlets and leaves, the leaves egg-shaped with wavy edges and serrated, and dense clusters of 10 to 30 white to cream-coloured flowers.

Basal shoot
Basal shoots, root sprouts, adventitious shoots, and suckers are words for various kinds of shoots that grow from adventitious buds on the base of a tree or shrub, or from adventitious buds on its roots. Shoots that grow from buds on the base of a tree or shrub are called basal shoots; these are distinguished from shoots that grow from adventitious buds on the roots of a tree or shrub, which may be called root sprouts or suckers. A plant that produces root sprouts or runners is described as surculose. Water sprouts produced by adventitious buds may occur on the above-ground stem, branches or both of trees and shrubs. Suckers are shoots arising underground from the roots some distance from the base of a tree or shrub.
Stichopites
Stichopites is an extinct genus of sea cucumbers which existed during the Anisian age of the Middle Triassic to the Kimmeridgian age of the Late Jurassic (approximately 245.0 to 150.8 million years ago). The type species is Stichopites mortenseni.  Fossils of Stichopites have been recovered in Poland, France, and Egypt.

Anisian
In the geologic timescale, the Anisian is the lower stage or earliest age of the Middle Triassic series or epoch and lasted from 246.7 million years ago until 241.464 million years ago. The Anisian Age succeeds the Olenekian Age (part of the Lower Triassic Epoch) and precedes the Ladinian Age.
William Powell (Corby MP)
William Rhys Powell (3 August 1948 – 23 March 2022) was a British Conservative politician.  A barrister, he was MP for Corby from 1983 to 1997, when he lost the seat to Labour's Phil Hope. Born in Crickhowell, Wales, he was educated at Lancing College and Emmanuel College, Cambridge.

Powell died on 23 March 2022, at the age of 73.

Corby and East Northamptonshire
Corby and East Northamptonshire is a constituency in the English county of Northamptonshire. It is represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since July 2024 by Lee Barron, of the Labour Party.

Prior to the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies, the constituency was known as Corby. The 2024 general election was the first general election in which the 'Corby and East Northamptonshire' constituency was contested following the boundary changes of 2023.
The Cariboo Trail
The Cariboo Trail is a 1950 American Western film directed by Edwin L. Marin and starring Randolph Scott. Set during the Cariboo Gold Rush, the film is about an American cattle herder (Scott) looking to raise cattle in the Cariboo region of British Columbia, but comes into conflict with a local businessman (Jory).

It was the final film appearance of George "Gabby" Hayes before his death on February 9, 1969.

Edwin L. Marin
Edwin Lawrence Marin (February 21, 1901 – May 2, 1951) was an American film director who directed 58 films between 1932 and 1951, working with Randolph Scott, Anna May Wong, John Wayne, Peter Lorre, George Raft, Bela Lugosi, Judy Garland, Eddie Cantor, Hoagy Carmichael, and others.
Opishnia
Opishnia (Ukrainian: Опішня; Russian: Опошня) is a rural settlement in Poltava Raion, Poltava Oblast, Ukraine. It is located on the right bank of the Vorskla, a tributary of the Dnieper. Opishnia hosts the administration of Opishnia settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 5,111 (2022 estimate). The settlement is well-known for its ceramics.

Poltava Oblast
Poltava Oblast (Ukrainian: Полтавська область, romanized: Poltavska oblast), also referred to as Poltavshchyna (Ukrainian: Полтавщина), is an oblast (province) of central Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Poltava. Most of its territory was part of the southern regions of the Cossack Hetmanate. Population: 1,352,283 (2022 estimate).

Three other important cities in the oblast are Horishni Plavni, Kremenchuk, and Lubny.
Mount Carru
Mount Carru is an 8,595-foot (2,620-metre) mountain summit located in western Okanogan County in Washington state. It is the seventh-highest peak of the Okanogan Range, which is a sub-range of the North Cascades. The mountain is situated in the Pasayten Wilderness on land administered by the Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest. The nearest higher peak is Mount Lago, 0.8 mile (1.3 km) to the east, and Osceola Peak rises one mile (1.6 km) west. The mountain has a steep north face, but the south slope is covered in scree which allows a nontechnical climbing ascent. Precipitation runoff from Mount Carru drains north into Lease Creek which is a tributary of the Pasayten River, or south into Eureka Creek, which is part of the Methow River drainage basin.

Methow River
The Methow River (/ˈmɛthaʊ/ MET-how) is a tributary of the Columbia River in northern Washington in the United States. The river's 1,890-square-mile (4,900 km2) watershed drains the eastern North Cascades, with a population of about 5,000 people. The Methow's watershed is characterized by relatively pristine habitats, as much of the river basin is located in national forests and wildernesses. Many tributaries drain the large Pasayten Wilderness. An earlier economy based on agriculture is giving way to one based on recreation and tourism.
Total viable organism
Total viable organism (or TVO) is a term used in microbiology to quantify the amount of microorganisms present in a sample.  Each sample is usually cultured on a variety of agar plates (petri dishes) often containing different types of selective media.  The colony-forming units (CFUs) are calculated after allowing time for growth.

TVO numbers are used to quantify the CFUs for a given amount of sample and often include dilution factors.  For example, a 1 mL sample of water containing 10 CFUs on one plate would have a TVO value of 10 cfu/mL.

Growth medium
A growth medium or culture medium is a solid, liquid, or semi-solid designed to support the growth of a population of microorganisms or cells via the process of cell proliferation or small plants like the moss Physcomitrella patens. Different types of media are used for growing different types of cells.

The two major types of growth media are those used for cell culture, which use specific cell types derived from plants or animals, and those used for microbiological culture, which are used for growing microorganisms such as bacteria or fungi. The most common growth media for microorganisms are nutrient broths and agar plates; specialized media are sometimes required for microorganism and cell culture growth. Some organisms, termed fastidious organisms, require specialized environments due to complex nutritional requirements. Viruses, for example, are obligate intracellular parasites and require a growth medium containing living cells.
1814 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election
The 1814 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election occurred on October 11, 1814. After contemplating retirement, incumbent Democratic-Republican governor Simon Snyder instead chose to run for reelection. He earned a third term as the state's executive after defeating Federalist candidate Isaac Wayne, a former member of the Pennsylvania State Senate.

Isaac Wayne
Isaac Wayne (1772 – October 25, 1852) was an American politician from Pennsylvania who served as a Federalist Party member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district from 1823 to 1825. He previously served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1799 to 1801 and in 1806, and served as a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate from 1807 to 1810.

He was the son of the American Revolutionary War General Anthony Wayne, and grandson of Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly member Isaac Wayne.
District Department of Transportation
The District Department of Transportation (DDOT, stylized as d.) is an agency of the government of the District of Columbia, in the United States, which manages and maintains publicly owned transportation infrastructure in the District of Columbia. DDOT is the lead agency with authority over the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of alleys, bridges, sidewalks, streets, street lights, and traffic signals in the District of Columbia.

Sidewalk
A sidewalk (North American English), pavement (British English, South African English), or footpath (Irish English, Indian English, Australian English, New Zealand English) is a path along the side of a road. Usually constructed of concrete, pavers, brick, stone, or asphalt, it is designed for pedestrians. A sidewalk is normally higher than the roadway, and separated from it by a curb. There may also be a planted strip between the sidewalk and the roadway and between the roadway and the adjacent land.