hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Armed Forces & Society
Armed Forces & Society is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic publication that publishes articles and book reviews on a wide variety of topics including civil–military relations, military sociology, veterans, military psychology, military institutions, conflict management, peacekeeping, conflict resolution, military contracting, terrorism, gender related issues, military families  and military ethics. It is the official publication of the Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society and published by SAGE Publications. The current editor-in-chief is Ori Swed (Texas Tech University).

The journal was established in 1974 by Morris Janowitz (University of Chicago) and became the "first professional journal to focus on the connection between the military and society in an international and interdisciplinary way."

Conflict resolution
Conflict resolution is conceptualized as the methods and processes involved in facilitating the peaceful ending of conflict and retribution. Committed group members attempt to resolve group conflicts by actively communicating information about their conflicting motives or ideologies to the rest of group (e.g., intentions; reasons for holding certain beliefs) and by engaging in collective negotiation. Dimensions of resolution typically parallel the dimensions of conflict in the way the conflict is processed. Cognitive resolution is the way disputants understand and view the conflict, with beliefs, perspectives, understandings and attitudes. Emotional resolution is in the way disputants feel about a conflict, the emotional energy. Behavioral resolution is reflective of how the disputants act, their behavior. Ultimately a wide range of methods and procedures for addressing conflict exist, including negotiation, mediation, mediation-arbitration, diplomacy, and creative peacebuilding.
George Granfelt
Georg (George) Fredrik Granfelt (19 June 1865, in Turku – 5 August 1917, in Naantali) was a Finnish lawyer and politician. He was a member of the Diet of Finland from 1891 to 1906 and of the Parliament of Finland from 1908 to 1909, from 1910 to 1911, and from 1912 to 1913.

Diet of Finland
The Diet of Finland (Finnish Suomen maapäivät, later valtiopäivät; Swedish Finlands Lantdagar), was the legislative assembly of the Grand Duchy of Finland from 1809 to 1906 and the recipient of the powers of the Swedish Riksdag of the Estates. (The term valtiopäivät today means an annual session of the Parliament of Finland, while in Swedish Riksdagen is now the name for both the Parliament and its sessions.)
1997 Turkish military memorandum
The 1997 military memorandum (Turkish: 28 Şubat, "28 February"; also called postmodern darbe, "post-modern coup") in Turkey refers to a memorandum, in which decisions issued by the Turkish military leadership on a National Security Council meeting on 28 February 1997 resulted in the resignation of Islamist prime minister Necmettin Erbakan of the Welfare Party, and the end of his coalition government.

As the government was forced out without dissolving the parliament or suspending the constitution, the event has been famously labelled a "postmodern coup" by the Turkish admiral Salim Dervişoğlu. The process after the coup is alleged to have been organised by the West Working Group, a purported clandestine group within the military.

54th government of Turkey
The 54th government of Turkey governed Turkey from 28 June 1996 to 30 June 1997. It was a coalition government formed by Welfare Party (RP) and True Path Party (DYP), and was known as Refahyol (a portmanteau of the Turkish names of the two parties in the coalition).
Asbjørn Aarseth
Asbjørn Aarseth (21 October 1935 – 31 August 2009) was a Norwegian literary historian, born in Inderøy Municipality.

Aarseth obtained the mag.art. degree (PhD equivalent) at the University of Bergen in 1963, received an academic position in literary studies here in 1967, and became professor of Nordic literature in 1985. He was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.

An important book was Lyriske strukturer ("Lyrical Structures"), written together with Atle Kittang, which came to be a standard work in lyrical analysis. He was also an authority on Henrik Ibsen, and was involved in the project Henrik Ibsens skrifter.

Aarseth died on 31 August 2009.

Inderøy Municipality
Inderøy is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Innherad region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Straumen. Other villages include Framverran, Gangstadhaugen, Hylla, Kjerknesvågen, Kjerringvika, Røra, Sakshaug, Sandvollan, Småland, Trongsundet, Utøya, Vangshylla, and Venneshamn. The municipality is primarily an agricultural community, but also has some industry.

The 366-square-kilometre (141 sq mi) municipality is the 247th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Inderøy Municipality is the 147th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 6,938. The municipality's population density is 19 inhabitants per square kilometre (49/sq mi) and its population has increased by 3.2% over the previous 10-year period.
Housing in South Korea
Housing in South Korea includes detached houses, apartment (unit of apartment, row houses, and private houses), studio apartments, and dormitories in non-residential buildings such as shopping malls and factories. While the occupancy rate of apartment houses is steadily rising, the occupancy rate of detached houses is steadily falling.

Traditional Korean Houses Hanok is wooden house consisting of ondol, maru, bueok, and madang. Depending on the roof material, there are several types of hanok, such as giwajip, chogajip, gulpijip, cheongseokjip, and neowajip. Most of them, Giwajip were owned by wealthy and high-ranking people.

Chungjeong Apartment is among the oldest extant apartment buildings in South Korea, having been built during 1937. It was decided in 2022 that the building would be demolished.

Dormitory
A dormitory (originated from the Latin word dormitorium, often abbreviated to dorm,) is a room that sleeps multiple people. It may also refer (in the US) to a building primarily providing sleeping and residential quarters for large numbers of people such as student accommodation for university or college students,  or, with reference to military personnel, a barracks.

A building providing sleeping and residential quarters for large numbers of people may also be called a house (members of a religious community or pupils at a boarding school), or a hostel (students, workers or travelers).
Miles Sound System
Miles Sound System (MSS), formerly known as Audio Interface Library (AIL), is a sound software system primarily for video games and used mostly as an alternative for low-end audio chipsets. It uses little CPU time while providing adequate audio output. It was originally a middleware driver library for soundcards to use in DOS applications when no viable alternative was available. Epic Games Tools (formerly RAD Game Tools) acquired the technology from Miles Design in 1995.

The 1992 AIL version 2 for DOS has been released by John Miles as open-source (public domain without restrictions) in 2000. The package can be found on his personal site (KE5FX.com) and contains source code for both real-mode and protected-mode programs.

Device driver
A device driver is software that operates or controls a particular type of device that is attached to a computer. A driver provides a software interface to hardware devices, enabling other software to access hardware functions without needing to know precise details about the hardware.

A driver communicates with the device through the computer bus or communications subsystem to which the hardware connects. When a calling program invokes a routine in the driver, the driver issues commands to the device (drives it). Once the device sends data back to the driver, the driver may invoke routines in the original calling program.

Drivers are hardware-dependent and operating-system-specific. They usually provide the interrupt handling required for any necessary asynchronous time-dependent hardware interface.
Debert
Debert (English: /dəˈbɜːrt/ də-BURT; 2006 pop: 1,471) is an unincorporated farming community in Nova Scotia, Canada. Located in the central-western part of Colchester County, it is approximately 20 km (12 mi) west of Truro.

The community has two churches (United Baptist Church and United Church of Canada), Royal Canadian Legion (Branch 106), a skating rink, a community centre, two vehicle repair garages, one convenience store, and a volunteer fire department.

Debert is situated near coal and iron ore deposits that were mined in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Debert became a station stop on the Halifax-Montreal mainline of the Intercolonial Railway in the 1870s. This railway line continues to this day under the ownership of Canadian National Railway (CN Rail), with passenger service provided by Via Rail, but without a stop at Debert.

Colchester County
Colchester County (Scottish Gaelic: Siorramachd Dhùn Chamuluis) is a county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. With a population of 51,476 the county is the fourth largest in Nova Scotia.  Colchester County is located in north central Nova Scotia.

The majority of the county is governed by the Municipality of the County of Colchester, the county also is home to two independent incorporated towns, Stewiacke and Truro, two village commissions in Bible Hill and Tatamagouche, and the Millbrook 27 First Nations reserve.
Léon Vaillant
Léon Louis Vaillant (French pronunciation: [leɔ̃ lwi vajɑ̃]; 11 November 1834 – 24 November 1914) was a French zoologist. He is most famous for his work in the areas of herpetology, malacology, and ichthyology.

After graduating from the College d'Arras in 1854, he studied medicine and zoology in Paris. He received his medical doctorate in 1861, then continued his zoological studies with Henri Milne-Edwards (1800–1885), earning his degree in natural sciences in 1865. He became a professor at the Museum of Natural History, Paris, in 1875.

Vaillant held a special interest involving the systematics and anatomy of turtles and crocodiles, but he also made significant contributions through his investigations of reptilian physiology and behavior. Of his 200-plus scientific writings, 90 of them are based on herpetological subjects.

He participated in French naval expeditions on the Travailleur in 1880, 1881 and 1882, and on the Talisman in 1883.

Systematics
Systematics is the study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time. Relationships are visualized as evolutionary trees (synonyms: phylogenetic trees, phylogenies).  Phylogenies have two components: branching order (showing group relationships, graphically represented in cladograms) and branch length (showing amount of evolution).  Phylogenetic trees of species and higher taxa are used to study the evolution of traits (e.g., anatomical or molecular characteristics) and the distribution of organisms (biogeography). Systematics, in other words, is used to understand the evolutionary history of life on Earth.

The word systematics is derived from the Latin word of Ancient Greek origin systema, which means systematic arrangement of organisms. Carl Linnaeus used 'Systema Naturae' as the title of his book.
Village Square Leisure Centre
The Village Square Leisure Centre is a 5.5 acre indoor leisure centre situated in the Pineridge community of north east Calgary, Alberta. The multipurpose recreational facility was built at the same time (although additions and redesigns have been made since) as the surrounding neighbourhood. Alongside Southland Leisure Centre, it is one of two leisure centres owned and operated by the City of Calgary. Attached to the leisure centre are a library, high-school, shopping centre, food court, and small professional centre.

A skywalk pedestrian walkway similar to the +15 connects the leisure centre to the neighbouring high school, Lester B. Pearson. The walkway is used by staff and by day camp participants from the leisure centre who take advantage of the unused school gymnasiums in the summer.

Day camp
Day camps  also known as summer camps in some areas, are recreational programs designed to provide children with a fun and enriching experience during the summer or school breaks. Unlike residential or overnight camps, day camps operate during daytime hours, allowing children to participate in various activities and return home each evening. These camps offer a wide range of supervised activities, encouraging socialization, learning, and personal growth in a safe and supportive environment. Day camps can be booked by the day or by the week, or month depending on the institution organizing them. Programs are typically available for kids ages 3–17, but the specific age range can vary depending on the camp's focus and structure. The most popular ages for summer day camps are typically ages 5–10.
Acrocercops niphocremna
Acrocercops niphocremna is a moth of the family Gracillariidae, known from Maharashtra, India. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1932. The hostplant for the species is Terminalia chebula.

Acrocercops is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.

Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.
Sørlle Buttress
Sørlle Buttress (54°17′S 36°50′W﻿ / ﻿54.283°S 36.833°W﻿ / -54.283; -36.833) is a mountain rising above 1,370 metres (4,490 ft), between Mount Spaaman and Three Brothers in the Allardyce Range of South Georgia. It was surveyed by the South Georgia Survey in the period 1951-57 and named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Petter Sørlle (1884–1922), a Norwegian whaling captain and inventor who, in 1922, took out a patent for his whaling slipway. Sørlle was the first manager of the United Whalers station at Stromness.

Stromness, South Georgia
Stromness is an abandoned whaling station on the northern coast of South Georgia Island in the South Atlantic. It was the destination of Sir Ernest Shackleton's rescue journey in 1916. It is the central of three harbours in the west side of Stromness Bay, South Georgia.

The name "Fridtjof Nansen" or Nansen appeared for this harbour on some early charts, but since about 1920, the name Stromness has been consistently used. Its name, Stromness, derives from the similarly named town in the Orkney Islands, Scotland.
Patharkandi railway station
Patharkandi railway station is located in the eastern part of Patharkandi, in Assam, India. The station has one platform. It is part of the Lumding–Sabroom section of the Northeast Frontier Railway Zone of Indian Railways.

Lumding–Sabroom section
The Lumding–Sabroom section is a railway line under Lumding railway division of Northeast Frontier Railway zone of Indian Railways. It is a single 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad-gauge track from Lumding in Hojai district of Assam state to Agartala, the capital of Tripura state. The 44 kilometres (27 mi) long 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) segment from Agartala southwards to Udaipur, Tripura was completed in 2016 and became operational on 23 January 2017. The remaining 70 kilometres (43 mi) long track to Sabroom at the bank of Feni River at Bangladesh border was completed in 2019 and became operational on 3 October 2019.
In the Hot Seat
In the Hot Seat is the ninth and final studio album by English progressive rock band Emerson, Lake & Palmer, released on 26 September 1994 by Victory. Recorded at Goodnight L.A. Studios in Los Angeles, it was produced by Keith Olsen.

Victor Entertainment
Victor Entertainment, Inc. (ビクターエンタテインメント株式会社, Bikutā Entateinmento kabushiki-gaisha) is a subsidiary of JVCKenwood that produces and distributes music, movies and other entertainment products such as anime and television shows in Japan. It is known as JVC Entertainment in countries where Sony Music Entertainment operates the RCA Victor label.
Zach Villa
Zach Villa (born March 17, 1987) is an American actor and musician. Villa was born in Clinton, Iowa. He is best known for his role as real-life serial killer Richard Ramirez in the ninth season of the FX anthology horror series American Horror Story, titled American Horror Story: 1984, and his artistic experience through the band Cylvia. Villa plays piano, drums, bass, guitar, and violin.

Clinton, Iowa
Clinton is a city in and the county seat of Clinton County, Iowa, United States. It borders the Mississippi River. The population was 24,469 as of 2020.

Clinton, along with DeWitt (also located in Clinton County), was named in honor of the sixth governor of New York, DeWitt Clinton. Incorporated on January 26, 1857, Clinton is the principal city of the Clinton Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is coterminous with Clinton County.
Robert Wyvil
Robert Wyvil (or Wyvill or Wyville) was a medieval Bishop of Salisbury.

Wyvil was keeper of the Privy Seal of Edward, duke of Aquitaine in 1326 when he was named on 26 October Lord Privy Seal, which office he held until the early part of 1327.

Wyvil was nominated to the see of Salisbury on 16 April 1330 and consecrated on 15 July 1330. He had a reputation for stressing his authority and defending the rights of his see: Wyvil was the first Salisbury bishop to use 'Sarum' on his seal, issued a mandate against a man impersonating a hermit, and nearly used a knight in a trial by combat to maintain the cathedral's ownership of Sherborne Castle.

He died on 4 September 1375.

Sherborne Castle
Sherborne Castle (sometimes called Sherborne New Castle) is a 16th-century Tudor mansion southeast of Sherborne in Dorset, England, within the parish of Castleton. Originally built by Sir Walter Raleigh as Sherborne Lodge, and extended in the 1620s, it stands in a 1,200-acre (490 ha) park which formed a small part of the 15,000-acre (61 km2) Digby estate. Within the grounds lie the ruins of the 12th-century Sherborne Old Castle, now in the care of English Heritage.
The Four Defences
The Four Defences is a 1940 detective novel by the British author J.J. Connington, the pen name of the chemist Alfred Walter Stewart. It was published in London by Hodder and Stoughton and in the United States by Little, Brown and Company. It is a sequel to the 1939 novel The Counsellor featuring radio personality Mark Brand in a brief hiatus for Connington's best-known series detective Chief Constable Sir Clinton Driffield. It was inspired by the real-life Alfred Rouse case of 1930. Written and set just before the outbreak of the Second World War, it was released in wartime.

Sir Clinton Driffield
Sir Clinton Driffield is a fictional police detective created by the British author  J.J. Connington. He was one of numerous detectives created during the Golden Age of Detective Fiction, making his first appearance in Murder in the Maze in 1927. He appeared in four subsequent novels by 1929 when Connington apparently wished to write him out following Nemesis at Raynham Parva. However, his replacement  Superintendent Ross failed to gain the same level of popularity over two novels and Sir Clinton returned in the 1931 mystery The Boathouse Riddle. He went on to appear in a further eleven novels. The last entry Common Sense Is All You Need was published the year of Connington's death in 1947 and is set in wartime Britain.
Walter S. Trumbull
Walter Slater Trumbull (4 December 1880 Chicago – 18 October 1961 Newtown, Connecticut) was an American sportswriter in the 20th century.

He resided in Newtown, Connecticut.  He attended Trinity College, where he excelled as a member of the football team, playing nearly every position at one time or another.

He was a nationally syndicated sports columnist, appearing in a variety of publications. He worked as sports editor of the New York Sun.

Trumbull died in 1961.

Trinity College (Connecticut)
Trinity College is a private liberal arts college in Hartford, Connecticut, United States. Founded as Washington College in 1823, it is the second-oldest college in the state of Connecticut. Coeducational since 1969, the college enrolls 2,235 students.  Trinity offers 41 majors and 28 interdisciplinary minors. The college is a member of the New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC).
Chief of General Staff (Georgia)
The Chief of General Staff of Georgian Defence Forces (Georgian: საქართველოს თავდაცვის ძალების გენერალური შტაბის უფროსი, romanized: sakartvelos tavdatsvis dzalebis generaluri sht'abis uprosi) is a high-ranking officer in the military of Georgia, who heads the General Staff of the Defence Forces of Georgia and is an ex officio Deputy Chief of the Defence Forces. The Chief is appointed by the Minister of Defence and reports to the Minister and Chief of Defence Forces.

Ex officio member
An ex officio member is a member of a body (notably a board, committee, or council) who is part of it by virtue of holding another office. The term ex officio is Latin, meaning literally 'from the office', and the sense intended is 'by right of office'; its use dates back to the Roman Republic.

According to Robert's Rules of Order, the term denotes only how one becomes a member of a body. Accordingly, the rights of an ex officio member are exactly the same as other members unless otherwise stated in regulations or bylaws. It relates to the notion that the position refers to the position the ex officio holds, rather than the individual that holds the position. In some groups, ex officio members may frequently abstain from voting.

Opposite notions are dual mandate, when the same person happens to hold two offices or more, although these offices are not in themselves associated; and personal union, when two states share the same monarch.
Läskisoosi
Läskisoosi (officially sianlihakastike, English: Pork sauce) is traditional Finnish stew, made of pork belly fried in butter with onions and flour, stirred in water with salt and pepper. It is often served with mashed potato, pickled cucumber and lingonberry.

Vaccinium vitis-idaea
Vaccinium vitis-idaea is a small evergreen shrub in the heath family, Ericaceae. It is known colloquially as the lingonberry, partridgeberry, foxberry, mountain cranberry, or cowberry. It is native to boreal forest and Arctic tundra throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Commercially cultivated in the United States Pacific Northwest and the Netherlands, the edible berries are also picked in the wild and used in various dishes, especially in Nordic cuisine, and among many other cuisines around the world.
Musée d'Art Moderne de Céret
Le Musée d'Art Moderne de Céret is a modern art museum in Céret, Pyrénées-Orientales, France, created by Pierre Brune and Frank Burty Haviland in 1950 with the personal support of their friends Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse who were involved in its creation.

André Masson
André-Aimé-René Masson (French: [ɑ̃dʁe ɛme ʁəne masɔ̃]; 4 January 1896 – 28 October 1987) was a French artist. He was a leading figure in the Surrealist movement and an influence on Abstract Expressionism. He served in the French Army from 1914-1919. During his exile in the United States during World War II, his work influenced the development of the New York School, where he influenced young American artists, most notably Jackson Pollock and Arshile Gorky.