hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Goniodromites
Goniodromites is an extinct genus of crabs. A new species, G. kubai, which existed during the Oxfordian stage of what is now Poland, was described by Natalia Starzyk, Ewa Krzemiska and Wiesław Krzemiski in 2012.

Oxfordian age
The Oxfordian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the earliest age of the Late Jurassic Epoch, or the lowest stage of the Upper Jurassic Series. It spans the time between 161.5 ± 1.0 Ma and 154.8 ± 0.8 Ma (million years ago). The Oxfordian is preceded by the Callovian and is followed by the Kimmeridgian.
Cyclodiol
Cyclodiol (developmental code name ZK-115194; also known as 14α,17α-ethano-17β-estradiol) is a synthetic estrogen which was studied in the 1990s and was never marketed. It is a derivative of estradiol with a bridge between the C14α and C17α positions. Cyclodiol has 100% of the relative binding affinity of estradiol for the human ERα and similar transactivational capacity as estradiol at the receptor. It has comparable potency to estradiol when administered by subcutaneous injection. The drug shows genotoxicity similarly to estradiol. Cyclodiol showed an absolute bioavailability of 33 ± 19% and an elimination half-life of 28.7 hours in pharmacokinetic studies in women.

Transactivation
In the context of gene regulation: transactivation is the increased rate of gene expression triggered either by biological processes or by artificial means, through the expression of an intermediate transactivator protein.

In the context of receptor signaling, transactivation occurs when one or more receptors activate yet another; receptor transactivation may result from the crosstalk of signaling cascades or the activation of G protein–coupled receptor hetero-oligomer subunits, among other mechanisms.
Colegio Nacional José Pedro Varela
The Colegio Nacional José Pedro Varela (Spanish for 'José Pedro Varela National College') is a private school for boys and girls aged two to eighteen in Montevideo, Uruguay.

It serves secular and bilingual pre-school, primary, secondary and the pre-university education. Named after José Pedro Varela –who in 1876 carried out a reform that established free, compulsory and secular education in Uruguay–, it has two campuses: one in Cordón, Montevideo and another in Ciudad de la Costa, Canelones Department.

Canelones Department
The Departament de  Canelones  (Spanish: Departamento de Canelones) is one of the 19 Uruguayan departments. With an area of 4,536 km2 (1,751 sq mi) and 608,956 inhabitants at the 2023 Census, it is located in the south of Uruguay. Its capital is Canelones. Ciudad de la Costa is the largest city by total population and Las Piedras is the largest city with an official census.
2nd Yeltsovka River
The 2nd Yeltsovka (Russian: 2-я Ельцовка) is a small river in Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia, right tributary of the Ob. Its length is 14 km (8.7 mi), with a drainage basin of 42 square kilometres.

The 2nd Yeltsovka flows out of a small lake at the village of Klyukvenny, runs southwest through Novosibirsky District, then Kalininsky and Zayeltsovsky districts of Novosibirsk, flows into the Ob.

Kalininsky District, Novosibirsk
Kalininsky City District (Russian: Калининский район) is an administrative district (raion), one of the 10 raions of Novosibirsk, Russia. The area of the district is 46.2 square kilometres (17.8 sq mi). Population: 200,694  (2018).
Singhal
Singhal (Hindi: सिंघल) is an Indian surname that has origins in the Sanskrit word simha, meaning leonine. Variant spellings include Singla. Among it is one of the 18 Gotra in Aggrawals, Baranwals, lineage.

Notable people with this surname include:

Amit Singhal, former senior vice president of engineering at Uber and former head of Google Inc.'s Core Ranking Team

Anuraag Singhal, Florida judge

Arvind Singhal, Indian writer

Ashok Singhal, ex–International President of the Hindu organisation Vishwa Hindu Parishad

Bhim Singhal, Indian neurologist

Chand Singhal, Indian politician

Ira Singhal, Indian Bureaucrat

Krishan Chandra Singhal, Indian pharmacologist

Lokesh Kumar Singhal, Indian metallurgical engineer

Manimala Singhal, Indian cricketer

Ram Kishan Singhal, Indian politician

Supra Singhal, Ugandan swimmer

Lokesh Kumar Singhal
Lokesh Kumar Singhal is an Indian metallurgical engineer known for his expertise in steel making and for the innovations he brought into the steelmaking industry in India. He was honored by the Government of India in 2012 with the fourth highest Indian civilian award, the Padma Shri.
Julvécourt Aerodrome
Julvécourt Aerodrome was a temporary World War I airfield in France, used initially by the French Service Aéronautique, and later by the Air Service, United States Army.  It was located 0.4 miles (0.64 km) West of Julvécourt, in the Meuse department in Lorraine in north-eastern France.

1st Reconnaissance Squadron
The 1st Reconnaissance Squadron is a United States Air Force squadron, assigned to the 9th Operations Group, Beale Air Force Base, California.

The 1st Reconnaissance Squadron is the United States military's oldest flying unit, first established on 5 March 1913. The squadron has maintained an unbroken heritage of over a century from its founding. Originally organized in anticipation of a potential breach in security along the border between the United States and Mexico, General John J. Pershing directed the 1st Aero Squadron to become the first tactical aviation unit to participate in American military action. The 1st RS has flown 47 different aircraft while being stationed worldwide at 52 locations, including 4 stints at sea.

Since 1922 the 1st Squadron has been associated with the 9th Bomb Group and the USAF 9th Reconnaissance Wing, where it continues to be an active flying training unit operating the Lockheed U-2 and the RQ-4 Global Hawk surveillance aircraft.
Abels Bay, Tasmania
Abels Bay is a rural locality in the local government area (LGA) of Huon Valley in the South-east LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 32 kilometres (20 mi) south of the town of Huonville. The 2021 census recorded a population of 127 for Abels Bay.

Huon Valley Council
Huon Valley Council is a local government body in Tasmania, covering most of the south of the state. Huon Valley is classified as a rural local government area and has a population of 19,454. Towns and localities of the region include Cygnet, Dover, Franklin, Geeveston, Southport and the largest principal town, Huonville.
The Committee of Sleep
The Committee of Sleep: How Artists, Scientists, and Athletes Use Dreams for Creative Problem-Solving—and How You Can Too is a book by Deirdre Barrett published by Crown/Random House in 2001. Barrett is a psychologist on the faculty of Harvard Medical School. The book describes how dreams have contributed practical breakthroughs to arts and sciences in the waking world. Chapters are organized by discipline: art, literature, science, sports, medicine, etc. There are long examples of dreams which led to major achievements in each area, but Barrett then draws conclusions about how dreams go about solving problems, what types they are best at, and gives advice on how readers can apply these techniques to their own endeavors.
Those who are described in The Committee of Sleep as having dreamed creations include Ludwig van Beethoven, Billy Joel, Robert Louis Stevenson, Stephen King, Salvador Dalí, William Blake, and Nobel Prize winner Otto Loewi.

Otto Loewi
Otto Loewi (German: [ˈɔtoː ˈløːvi] ⓘ; 3 June 1873 – 25 December 1961) was a German-born pharmacologist and psychobiologist who discovered the role of acetylcholine as an endogenous neurotransmitter. For this discovery, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1936, which he shared with Sir Henry Dale, who was a lifelong friend that helped to inspire the neurotransmitter experiment. Loewi met Dale in 1902 when spending some months in Ernest Starling's laboratory at University College, London.
Transverse knot
In mathematics, a transverse knot is a smooth embedding of a circle into a three-dimensional contact manifold such that the tangent vector at every point of the knot is transverse to the contact plane at that point.

Any Legendrian knot can be C0-perturbed in a direction transverse to the contact planes to obtain a transverse knot.  This yields a bijection between the set of isomorphism classes of transverse knots and the set of isomorphism classes of Legendrian knots modulo negative Legendrian stabilization.

Tangent vector
In mathematics, a tangent vector is a vector that is tangent to a curve or surface at a given point. Tangent vectors are described in the differential geometry of curves in the context of curves in Rn. More generally, tangent vectors are elements of a tangent space of a differentiable manifold. Tangent vectors can also be described in terms of germs. Formally, a tangent vector at the point  is a linear derivation of the algebra defined by the set of germs at .
Harita (Hinduism)
Harita (Sanskrit: हारीत, romanized: Hārīta) is a king in Hindu literature. He is described to be the son of Yauvanāśva, and the grandson of King Ambarisha of the Suryavamsha dynasty.

Harita is believed to have left his kingdom as a symbolic expiation of his sins. After completing the austerities, according to the Sthala Purana of Sriperumbudur, his descendants and he were accorded the status of a Brahmana by Narayana.

Hindu texts
Hindu texts or Hindu scriptures are manuscripts and voluminous historical literature which are related to any of the diverse traditions within Hinduism. Some of the major Hindu texts include the Vedas, the Upanishads,  the Itihasa (Mahabharata and the Ramayana) and Puranas. Scholars hesitate in defining the term "Hindu scriptures" given the diverse nature of Hinduism, but many list the Agamas as Hindu scriptures, and Dominic Goodall includes Bhagavata Purana and Yajnavalkya Smriti in the list of Hindu scriptures as well.
National Foundation Congress
The Iraqi National Foundation Congress (INFC) is a civil society movement in Iraq. It was set up following the 2003 invasion of Iraq to offer a peaceful protest to the ongoing occupation of the country and press for a united Iraq, and explicitly eschews violence in its methodology.

Civil society
Civil society can be understood as the "third sector" of society, distinct from government and business, and including the family and the private sphere. By other authors, civil society is used in the sense of
(1) the aggregate of non-governmental organizations and institutions that advance the interests and will of citizens or
(2) individuals and organizations in a society which are independent of the government.

Sometimes the term civil society is used in the more general sense of "the elements such as freedom of speech, an independent judiciary, etc., that make up a democratic society" (Collins English Dictionary). Especially in the discussions among thinkers of Eastern and Central Europe, civil society is seen also as a normative concept of civic values.
The Church-Wellesley Review
The Church-Wellesley Review was a Canadian literary magazine.

Launched in 1990 as a quarterly supplement in Xtra!, the Review published literary work by LGBT writers. It was founded by and originally overseen by Xtra! staff editor Jeffrey Round with assistance from freelance contributor Peter Hawkins. David Wallberg later became the editor.

The Review won an international design award from Publish in 1992.

Noted writers who were published in the Review early in their careers included Brian Francis, Dale Peck, Debra Anderson, George K. Ilsley, Jane Eaton Hamilton, Daniel David Moses, Billeh Nickerson, R.M. Vaughan and Marnie Woodrow; the Review also sometimes published work by established writers such as Timothy Findley, Jane Rule, David Watmough, Patrick Roscoe and Shyam Selvadurai.

Xtra! discontinued the Review in 2000. It was briefly continued as a separate online publication, but folded by 2002.

R. M. Vaughan
Richard Murray Vaughan (March 2, 1965 – October 23, 2020), known professionally as R. M. Vaughan, was a Canadian writer, poet, novelist, playwright, journalist, critic, and video artist. He was associated with Toronto’s queer literary and theatrical communities and published work across poetry, fiction, drama, and non-fiction.
Daniel Linn Gooch
Daniel Linn Gooch (October 28, 1853 – April 12, 1913) was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky and businessman.

Born in Rumsey, McLean County, Kentucky, Gooch attended a private school.
After entering the pharmaceutical industry at the age of seventeen, he subsequently became president of a large wholesale drug and chemical company.

Gooch was elected as a Democrat to the 57th and 58th Congresses, between March 4, 1901, and March 3, 1905.

According to the November 1903 Congressional Dictionary, Gooch "takes great interest in patriotic societies, one of his ancestors being a major-general and another a colonial governor; is deputy governor-general of the Society of Sons of Colonial Wars, and governor of the Order of Descendants of Colonial Governors".
He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1904, henceforth retiring from public life.

Gooch died in Covington, Kentucky, on April 12, 1913.
He was interred in Woodlawn Cemetery, Dayton, Ohio.

McLean County, Kentucky
McLean County (/məˈkleɪn/) is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,152. Its  county seat is Calhoun and its largest city is Livermore. McLean is a prohibition or dry county. McLean County is part of the Owensboro metropolitan area, which has a population of some 114,752 (2010 census).
Chaim Deutsch
Chaim M. Deutsch (born April 15, 1969) is an American politician who served as a New York City Council Member for the 48th district from 2014 to 2021. He is a Democrat. The district includes Brighton Beach, Gerritsen Beach, Gravesend, Manhattan Beach, Marine Park, Midwood, Plum Beach, and Sheepshead Bay in Brooklyn. He was expelled from City Council after his guilty plea to charges of tax fraud in April 2021.

Midwood, Brooklyn
Midwood is a neighborhood in the south-central part of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. It is bounded on the north by the Bay Ridge Branch tracks just above Avenue I and by the Brooklyn College campus of the City University of New York, and on the south by Avenue P and Kings Highway. The eastern border consists of parts of Nostrand Avenue, Flatbush Avenue, and Coney Island Avenue; parts of McDonald Avenue and Ocean Parkway mark the western boundary.

Midwood is part of Brooklyn Community District 14, and its primary ZIP Codes are 11210 and 11230. It is patrolled by the 70th Precinct of the New York City Police Department. Politically, Midwood is represented by the New York City Council's 44th, 45th, and 48th districts.
Destruction of the Seven Cities
The Destruction of the Seven Cities (Spanish: Destrucción de las siete ciudades), in Chilean historiography was the destruction or abandonment of seven major Spanish outposts in southern Chile around 1600, caused by the Mapuche and Huilliche uprising of 1598. The Destruction of the Seven Cities, in traditional historiography, marks the end of the Conquest period and the beginning of the proper colonial period.

The Destruction of the Seven Cities had a long-lasting impact on the history of the Mapuche and the history of Chile, determining the shape of future Colonial Spanish–Mapuche relations, e.g. by causing the development of a Spanish–Mapuche frontier.

Editorial Universitaria
Editorial Universitaria is a Chilean university press based in Santiago. It was established in 1947 with funds from private people and from the University of Chile. During its existence, it has published the works of generations of influential Chilean scientists and intellectuals.

The press publishes, among other things, children's literature.
1999–2000 National Football League (Ireland)
The 1999-2000 National Football League, known for sponsorship reasons as the Church & General National Football League, was the 69th staging of the National Football League (NFL), an annual Gaelic football tournament for the Gaelic Athletic Association county teams of Ireland.
Derry beat Meath in the final after a replay.

London GAA
The London County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) or London GAA is one of the county boards outside Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in London. The county board is also responsible for the London county teams and schools.

The county football team compete in the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship on an annual basis, the only English-based team to do so. They participate in the Connacht Senior Football Championship, as the Irish community in London is considered as part of the province of Connacht.

The county hurling team competed in the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, but having been relegated during the preliminary group stage of the Leinster Championship in the 2014 season, the team currently plays in the third tier Christy Ring Cup.
Cedar Grove Rosenwald School
The Cedar Grove Rosenwald School near Olmstead, Kentucky, is a Rosenwald School that was built in 1928.  It includes Bungalow/craftsman architecture.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

It is a one-story 30 feet (9.1 m) by 32 feet (9.8 m) balloon-framed building, funded by the Julius Rosenwald Fund.  It served as a schoolhouse until 1946, when it was acquired by the  Cedar Grove Missionary Baptist Church.

Rosenwald Fund
The Rosenwald Fund (also known as the Rosenwald Foundation, the Julius Rosenwald Fund, and the Julius Rosenwald Foundation) was established in 1917 by Julius Rosenwald and his family for "the well-being of mankind." Rosenwald became part-owner of Sears, Roebuck and Company in 1895, serving as its president from 1908 to 1922, and chairman of its board of directors until his death in 1932.
Shujabad
Shujabad  (Urdu: شُجاع آباد) is a city and the capital of Shujabad Tehsil of Multan District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located 45 km (28 mi) in south off Multan. Chenab River flows in the west of the city. Neighbouring settlements include Jalalpur Pirwala, Multan and Lodhran.

Multan District
Multan District  (Urdu: ضِلع مُلتان), is a district in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. Its capital is the city of Multan. The district has a population of 5.45 million (as of 2024) and an area of 3,720 square kilometres. The district consists of tehsils of Multan saddar, Multan city, Jalalpur Pirwala and Shujabad.

History

Multan district was created during British rule in 19th century. Vehari, Khanewal and Lodhran were Tehsils of Multan district. Vehari was made separate district in 1976. Khanewal was cut off from Multan and made a separate district in 1985. Lodhran was split off as a separate district from Multan in 1991.
2NBC
2NBC FM is a community radio station based in Kogarah, Sydney.  Its broadcast area is the suburbs in the south and inner west of Sydney covering the area known as St George. This includes the municipalities of Canterbury, Hurstville, Rockdale, Marrickville, and Kogarah.

NBC FM is a volunteer-run organisation and is funded through listener support, grants and limited commercial sponsorship. The station celebrated its 30th anniversary in 2013.

Kogarah, New South Wales
Kogarah (/kɒɡərə/) is a suburb of Southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Kogarah is located 14 kilometres (9 miles) south of the Sydney central business district and is considered to be the centre of the St George area.
Aucayacu massacre
The Aucayacu massacre was a selective massacre that occurred on 6 August 1986 in the Peruvian city of Aucayacu (Huánuco). The attack was directed at gay men and sex workers. Those responsible for the attack were members of the MRTA, a terrorist group, during the internal conflict in Peru.

Massacre
A massacre is an event of killing defenseless human beings or other animals. It is generally used to describe a targeted mass killing of civilians by an armed group. It can also be used figuratively to refer to a one-sided exchange between armed groups. The word is a loan of a French term for "butchery" or "carnage". Other terms with overlapping scope include war crime, pogrom, mass killing, mass murder, and extrajudicial killing.
Rachael Doyle
Rachael Doyle-Guetlein (née Doyle; born 26 October 1989) is an Australian football (soccer) player who last played for Central Coast Mariners in the Australian W-League.

Doyle made her debut against Melbourne Victory on 25 October 2008.

Melbourne Victory FC (women)
Melbourne Victory Football Club is an Australian professional women's association football team affiliated with Melbourne Victory FC and Football Federation Victoria based in Melbourne, Victoria. Founded in 2008, the team is one of the representatives of Melbourne in Australia's top-tier domestic competition – the A-League Women.

The Club plays at two home grounds. The Club's primary home ground is the Home of The Matildas. The club also plays home games at the in double header matches before the men's team at the Melbourne Rectangular Stadium, currently known as AAMI Park for sponsorship purposes, a 30,050-seat stadium on Olympic Boulevard in Melbourne's city centre. The Victory has previously played its home matches at other stadiums throughout Melbourne and surrounding areas, including Lakeside Stadium, Docklands Stadium and CB Smith Reserve.
Madingley Wood
Madingley Wood is a 15.4-hectare (38-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest near Madingley, on the western outskirts of Cambridge.

The western part of this wood is ancient pedunculate oak, with other trees including ash and field maple, with hazel and hawthorn in the shrub layer. The newer eastern woodland is elm and ash. There is a variety of mosses. The site has been extensively used by Cambridge University for research and teaching.

The site is private land with no public access, although a public footpath crosses the eastern end of the wood.

The SSSI adjoins the site of Cambridge University's "800 Wood", a 10-hectare site planted with 15,000 trees to mark the 800th anniversary of the university in 2009.

Madingley
Madingley is a small village near Cambridge, England. It is located close to the nearby villages of Coton and Dry Drayton on the western outskirts of Cambridge. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 Census was 210.
The village was known as Madingelei in the Domesday Book of 1086, a name meaning "Woodland clearing of the family or followers of a man called Mada". Madingley is well known for its 16th-century manor house, Madingley Hall, which is owned by the University of Cambridge.
Slavery Memorial (Brown University)
The Slavery Memorial is a sculptural memorial on the campus of Brown University that recognizes the institution's 18th century connections to chattel slavery and the transatlantic slave trade. Designed by sculptor Martin Puryear and dedicated in 2014, the memorial stands on the university's Front Green, adjacent to University Hall.

University Hall, Brown University
University Hall, Brown University is the first and oldest building on the campus of Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. Built in 1770, the building is one of only seven extant college buildings built in the US prior to the American Revolution. According to architectural historian Bryant F. Tolles Jr., the structure is "one of the genuine icons of early American collegiate architecture."

The building occupies a central part of the university's front campus and is framed by the Van Wickle Gates.