hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nathaniel Thomas (Massachusetts judge)
Nathaniel Thomas (1643 - 22 October 1718) was an English colonial magistrate, politician, and militia officer.  Born in Marshfield, then in the Plymouth Colony, he represented the town in the colonial assembly during the 1670s, and was active in its militia during King Philip's War.  In 1689, he served as clerk of the local court, and, following the combining of Plymouth and the Massachusetts Bay Colony into the Province of Massachusetts Bay, from 1702 to 1707 he was a Plymouth County probate judge.  From 1692 to 1712 he also served as a magistrate in the court of common pleas.  In 1712, he was appointed to the Massachusetts Superior Court of Judicature (the province's highest court), a position he held until his death in 1718.

He was twice married, with nine children by his first wife.

Marshfield, Massachusetts
Marshfield is a town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States, on Massachusetts's South Shore. The population was 25,825 at the 2020 census.

It includes the census-designated places (CDPs) of Marshfield, Marshfield Hills, Ocean Bluff-Brant Rock, and Cedar Crest, and shares the Green Harbor CDP with the town of Duxbury.
USS R-1
USS R-1 (SS-78), also known as "Submarine No. 78", was the lead ship of the R-1-class coastal and harbor defense submarines of the United States Navy commissioned shortly after the end of World War I.

Due to space constraints, the boats built at the Fore River Shipbuilding Company yard, were laid down much later than the boats built at the Union Iron Works and the Lake Torpedo Boat Company yards. Because of this, none were commissioned before the end of WWI.

Coastal submarine
A coastal submarine or littoral submarine is a small, maneuverable submarine with a shallow draft well suited to navigating  coastal channels and harbors. Although size is not precisely defined, coastal submarines are larger than midget submarines, but smaller than sea-going submarines designed for longer patrols on the open ocean. Space limitations aboard coastal submarines restrict fuel availability for distant travel, food availability for extended patrol duration, and number of weapons carried. Within those limitations, however, coastal submarines may be able to reach areas inaccessible to larger submarines, and be more difficult to detect.
Altenberger Dom
The Altenberger Dom (or Bergischer Dom) is the former abbey church of Altenberg Abbey which was built from 1259 in Gothic style by Cistercians. Listed as a cultural heritage, it is located in Altenberg, now part of Odenthal in the Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Until 1511, the church was the burial site of counts and dukes of Berg and the dukes of Jülich-Berg.

Badly damaged after the monastery was dissolved in 1803 due to the secularisation of Germany, the church was rebuilt with support from Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia, who decreed in 1857 that it was to serve as a parish church simultaneously for a Catholic and a Protestant parish.

The German name has sometimes been translated to English as Altenberg Cathedral, but it was never a cathedral, a bishop's seat.

United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg
The United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg was a territory in the Holy Roman Empire between 1521 and 1614, formed from the personal union of the duchies of Jülich, Cleves and Berg.

The name was resurrected after the Congress of Vienna for the province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg of the Kingdom of Prussia between 1815 and 1822. Its territory is today split between the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the Dutch province of Gelderland.
Amakusa Airlines
Amakusa Airlines is a Japanese regional airline based in Amakusa, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. It operates regional services from and to Amakusa. Its main hub is Amakusa Airfield, with a focus city in Kumamoto Airport.

Kumamoto Prefecture
Kumamoto Prefecture (熊本県, Kumamoto-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [kɯ.ma.mo.to, -toꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyūshū. Kumamoto Prefecture has a population of 1,683,115 (as of 1 October 2025) and has a geographic area of 7,409 square kilometres (2,861 sq mi). Kumamoto Prefecture borders Fukuoka Prefecture to the north, Ōita Prefecture to the northeast, Miyazaki Prefecture to the southeast, and Kagoshima Prefecture to the south.

Kumamoto is the capital and largest city of Kumamoto Prefecture, with other major cities including Yatsushiro, Amakusa, and Tamana. Kumamoto Prefecture is located in the center of Kyūshū on the coast of the Ariake Sea, across from Nagasaki Prefecture, with the mainland separated from the East China Sea by the Amakusa Archipelago. Kumamoto Prefecture is home to Mount Aso, the largest active volcano in Japan and among the largest in the world, with its peak 1,592 metres (5,223 ft) above sea level.
JP Tokoto
Jean-Pierre Tokoto II (born September 15, 1993) is an American-Cameroonian professional basketball player for Start Lublin of the Polish Basketball League (PLK). He played college basketball for the University of North Carolina before playing professionally in the NBA G League, Australia, Israel, and Spain.

Oklahoma City Blue
The Oklahoma City Blue are an American professional basketball team based in Oklahoma City and are affiliated with the Oklahoma City Thunder. The Blue compete in the NBA G League as members of the Western Conference. The Blue play their home games at Paycom Center, an arena shared with the Thunder.

The franchise began as the Asheville Altitude in 2001 playing in Asheville, North Carolina, for four seasons. They won the 2004 and 2005 NBDL championship, becoming the first (and so far only) team to win consecutive league championships. After struggling with poor attendance, the franchise relocated to Tulsa, Oklahoma, and played nine seasons as the Tulsa 66ers. Before the 2014–15 season, the franchise relocated again to Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, becoming the Oklahoma City Blue. One of three teams still playing from the first league season, they are the oldest surviving NBA G League champion to play in the league.
27th Infantry Division (Poland)
The 27 Infantry Division (Polish: 27 Dywizja Piechoty), was a unit of the Polish Army in the inter-war period. It was created on 18 October 1920, as a result of reorganization of the Army, from units of the 2nd I.D., 3rd I.D., and 13th I.D. Its headquarters were located in Kowel, with units stationed in other Volhynian towns, such as Lutsk, Sarny and Wlodzimierz Wolynski. The Division's first commandant was General Gustaw Kuchinka.

Polish Land Forces
The Land Forces (Polish: Wojska Lądowe) are the ground forces of the Polish Armed Forces. They currently contain some 110,000 active personnel and form many components of the European Union and NATO deployments around the world. Poland's recorded military history stretches back a millennium – since the 10th century (see List of Polish wars and History of the Polish Army). Poland's modern army was formed after Poland regained independence following World War I in 1918.
William H. Lacy Jr.
William Howard Lacy Jr. (1945 – August 28, 2016) was the CEO of MGIC Investment from 1987 to 1999, the largest provider of private mortgage insurance in the United States.
Lacy was among various Wisconsin business executives criticized for cashing in stock options while corporate profits remained flat.

He was born in Chicago and attended the United States Air Force Academy and graduated from the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee with a bachelor's degree in Business Administration in 1968.

Lacy was a director of Johnson Controls, American Capital Access (ACA Capital) and Ocwen Financial Corp. He died of respiratory failure on August 28, 2016.

MGIC Investment Corporation
MGIC Investment Corporation NYSE: MTG ("MGIC") is a provider of private mortgage insurance in the United States. The company is headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

In addition to mortgage insurance, MGIC provides lenders with various underwriting and other services and products related to home mortgage lending. Today, MGIC serves lenders in the United States, Puerto Rico and Guam with obtaining mortgage insurance.
The Chocolate Box (company)
The Chocolate Box Enterprises is an Australian chocolate maker based in Melbourne. Founded in 1958 in Camberwell by the Jewish Australian Adler family, the Chocolate Box is a family-owned business that sells gourmet chocolates and confectionary. A majority of The Chocolate Box's range is Australian made.

In 2007 it employed 50 staff, which dropped to 38 in 2021, and had a turn over of $5.5 million.

Camberwell
Camberwell (/ˈkæmbərwɛl/ KAM-bər-wel) is an area of South London, England, in the London Borough of Southwark, 2+3⁄4 miles (4.5 kilometres) southeast of Charing Cross.

Camberwell was first a village associated with the church of St Giles and a common of which Goose Green is a remnant. This early parish included the neighbouring hamlets of Peckham, Dulwich, Nunhead, and part of Herne Hill (the rest of Herne Hill was in the parish of Lambeth). Until 1889, it was part of the county of Surrey. In 1900 the original parish became the Metropolitan Borough of Camberwell.

In 1965, most of the Borough of Camberwell was merged into the London Borough of Southwark. To the west, part of both West Dulwich and Herne Hill come under the London Borough of Lambeth.

The place now known as Camberwell covers a much smaller area than the ancient parish, and it is bound on the north by Walworth; on the south by East Dulwich and Herne Hill; to the west by Kennington; and on the east by Peckham.
Ice (Dukaj novel)
Ice (Polish: Lód) is a Polish novel by the Polish science fiction writer Jacek Dukaj, published in Poland in 2007 by Wydawnictwo Literackie. The novel mixes alternate history with science fiction elements, in particular, with alternative physics and logic. It won the Janusz A. Zajdel Award, European Union Prize for Literature and Kościelski Award.

Janusz A. Zajdel Award
The Janusz A. Zajdel Award (Nagroda imienia Janusza A. Zajdla), often called just Zajdel,
is the annual award given by the Polish science fiction and fantasy fandom for the best stories published in the previous year. It was established in 1984.

It is the most prestigious of several Polish awards for that genre of literature.
Eulalia of Mérida
Eulalia of Mérida (Augusta Emerita in 292 - Augusta Emerita 10 December, 304) was a young Roman Christian martyred in Augusta Emerita, the capital of Lusitania (modern Mérida, Spain), during the Persecution of Christians under Diocletian. Other views place her death at the time of Trajan Decius (AD 249–51). There is debate whether Saint Eulalia of Barcelona, whose story is similar, is the same person. Up till the proclamation of James, son of Zebedee, Eulalia was invoked as the protector of Christian troops in the Reconquista and was patron of the territories of Spain during their formation.

James the Great
James the Great (Koine Greek: Ἰάκωβος, romanized: Iákōbos; Classical Syriac: ܝܥܩܘܒ, romanized: Yaʿqōḇ; died c. 44) was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. According to the New Testament, he was the second of the apostles to die, after Judas Iscariot, and the first to be martyred. Saint James is the patron saint of Spain and, according to tradition, what are believed to be his remains are held in Santiago de Compostela in Galicia, Spain.

He is also known as James, son of Zebedee, James, brother of John, Saint James the Great, Saint James the Greater, St. James Son of Thunder, St. James the Major, Saint James the Elder, or Saint Jacob, James the Apostle or Santiago.
Rene Zahkna
Rene Zahkna (born 2 October 1994) is an Estonian biathlete. Zahkna won two medals at the 2015 European Championships and two medals at the 2014 European Championships, two medals at the 2013 Junior World Championships and two medals at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics. He debuted in the Biathlon World Cup on March 13, 2014 in Kontiolahti, Finland, finishing 68th. He earned his first World cup points on January 13, 2016 in Ruhpolding, Germany, with a 34th position finish.

He represented Estonia at the 2018 Winter Olympics.

Estonia at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Estonia competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang, South Korea from 9 to 25 February 2018.

Estonian 15-year old freestyle-skier Kelly Sildaru, the gold medal favorite for the women's ski slopestyle, missed the games due to an injury.
Teocalli of the Sacred War
The Teocalli of the Sacred War (teocalli is Nahuatl for "temple;" Spanish: El Teocalli de la Guerra Sagrada) is the name given by archaeologist Alfonso Caso to a monolithic pre-Columbian miniature of an Aztec temple, thought by some to have served as a throne for Motecuhzoma II.

The sculpture was first discovered in 1831 in the foundations of the National Palace of Mexico, but was not removed until the 1920s.

It is now located in the Museo Nacional de Antropología, Mexico City.

Monolith
A monolith is a geological feature consisting of a single massive stone or rock, such as some mountains. Erosion usually exposes the geological formations, which are often made of very hard and solid igneous or metamorphic rock. Some monoliths are volcanic plugs, solidified lava filling the vent of an extinct volcano.

In architecture, the term has considerable overlap with megalith, which is normally used for prehistory, and may be used in the contexts of rock-cut architecture that remains attached to solid rock, as in monolithic church, or for exceptionally large stones such as obelisks, statues, monolithic columns or large architraves, that may have been moved a considerable distance after quarrying. It may also be used of large glacial erratics moved by natural forces.

The word derives, via the Latin monolithus, from the Ancient Greek word μονόλιθος (monólithos), from μόνος (mónos) meaning "one" or "single" and λίθος (líthos) meaning "stone".
Lima Cigarmakers
The Lima Cigarmakers were a minor league baseball team based in Lima, Ohio. From 1908 to 1912, the Cigarmakers played as members of the Class D level Ohio State League, winning the 1909 league championship. The Lima "Boosters" played as members of the 1915 Buckeye League, winning the league championship in a shortened season.

The Cigarmakers and Boosters teams hosted home minor league games at San Felice Park in Lima. San Felice was a cigar brand in the era that was manufactured in the region.

Ohio State League
The Ohio State League was a minor league baseball league that operated in numerous seasons between 1887 and 1947, predominantly as a Class D level league. League franchises were based in Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio and West Virginia.
Salman Pak
Salman Pak (Arabic: سَلْمَان بَاك, Persian: سلمان پاک, romanized: Salman the Pure) is a city located approximately 15 miles (24 km) south of Baghdad near a peninsula formed by a broad eastward bend of the Tigris. It is named after Salman the Persian, a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad who is believed to be buried in Salman Al-Farsi Mosque in the city.

The city overlaps with the ancient metropolis of al-Mada'in, which includes the ruins of ancient Ctesiphon and ancient Seleucia. It is also quite close to the Salman Pak facility, an Iraqi military installation which was a key center of Saddam Hussein's biological and chemical weapons programs, though none of these were found. The site included training grounds used by Iraqi intelligence to direct Special Operations Forces.

Seleucia
Seleucia (/sɪˈljuːʃə/; Ancient Greek: Σελεύκεια), also known as Seleucia-on-Tigris or Seleucia on the Tigris or Seleucia ad Tigrim, was a major Mesopotamian city, located on the west bank of the Tigris River within the present-day Baghdad Governorate in Iraq. It was founded around 305 BC by Seleucus I Nicator as the first capital of the Seleucid Empire, and remained an important center of trade and Hellenistic culture after the imperial capital relocated to Antioch. The city continued to flourish under Parthian rule beginning in 141 BC; ancient texts claim that it reached a population of 600,000. Seleucia was destroyed in 165 AD by Roman general Avidius Cassius and gradually faded into obscurity in the subsequent centuries. The site was rediscovered in the 1920s by archaeologists.
D.C. Eagle
The D.C. Eagle was a gay leather bar in Washington, D.C., operating from 1971 to 2020. It was relocated several times, with its final move taking place in 2014, to a building at 3701 Benning Road NE in the Benning neighborhood. It was one of the oldest leather bars to bear the name "The Eagle", which has long been shared by multiple unaffiliated bars around the world that all cater to gay leathermen, including the D.C. Eagle's unofficial successor in the city - the District Eagle, which opened in January 2025.

The bar periodically hosted many events and leather competitions throughout its history, including its own Mr. D.C. Eagle contest, two winners of which would go on to win the title of International Mr. Leather. It was also the primary host and sponsor of many bootblacks, three of which would become International Mr. Bootblack.

Benning (Washington, D.C.)
Benning is a residential neighborhood located in Ward 7 of Northeast Washington, D.C. It is bounded by East Capitol Street to the south, Minnesota Avenue to the west, and Benning Road (for which the neighborhood is named) on the north and east. It is served by the Benning Road station on the Blue and Silver Lines of the Washington Metro.
Anders Lassen
Major Anders Frederik Emil Victor Schau Lassen, VC, MC & Two Bars (22 September 1920 – 9 April 1945) was a Danish military officer who was the only non-Commonwealth recipient of the Victoria Cross during the Second World War. Serving in the British Army, he was posthumously awarded the award for his actions during Operation Roast on 8 April 1945 at Lake Comacchio in Italy in the final weeks of the Italian campaign.

Lassen was ordered to lead a raid that would give the impression that a major landing was being undertaken. Lassen fulfilled his mission by destroying three enemy positions before being mortally wounded. As his men's lives would be endangered in the withdrawal, he refused to be evacuated from the area.

Comacchio
Comacchio (Italian: [koˈmakkjo]; Comacchiese: Cmâc' [kˈmaːts]) is a town and comune of Emilia Romagna, Italy, in the province of Ferrara, 48 kilometres (30 mi) from the provincial capital Ferrara. It was founded about two thousand years ago; across its history it was first governed by the Exarchate of Ravenna, then by the Duchy of Ferrara, and eventually returned to be part of the territories of the Papal States. For its landscape and its history, it is considered one of the major centres of the Po delta. Comacchio is part of the UNESCO World Heritage site "Ferrara, City of the Renaissance, and its Po Delta."
Camarillo Airport
Camarillo Airport (ICAO: KCMA, FAA LID: CMA) is a public airport located three miles (5 km) west of the central business district of Camarillo, a city in Ventura County, California, United States. The airport has one runway and serves privately operated general aviation and executive aircraft with no scheduled commercial service. A separate, uncontrolled runway in the southwest quadrant of the airport is for exclusive use of light-sport aircraft and ultralights, and is not connected to the larger airport. The airport is the site for an annual air show "Wings Over Camarillo", organized by the Southern California Wing of the Commemorative Air Force.

According to the US Federal Aviation Administration's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, it is categorized as a reliever airport.

Business jet
A business jet, private jet, or bizjet is a jet aircraft designed for transporting small groups of people, typically business executives and high-ranking associates. Business jets are generally designed for faster air travel and more personal comfort than commercial aircraft, and may be adapted for other roles, such as casualty evacuation or express parcel deliveries, and some are used by public bodies, government officials, VIPs, or even the military.
Fock–Lorentz symmetry
Lorentz invariance follows from two independent postulates: the principle of relativity and the principle of constancy of the speed of light. Dropping the latter while keeping the former leads to a new invariance, known as Fock–Lorentz symmetry or the projective Lorentz transformation. The general study of such theories began with Fock, who was motivated by the search for the general symmetry group preserving relativity without assuming the constancy of c.

This invariance does not distinguish between inertial frames (and therefore satisfies the principle of relativity) but it allows for a varying speed of light in space, c; indeed it allows for a non-invariant c. According to Maxwell's equations, the speed of light satisfies

where ε0 and μ0 are the electric constant and the magnetic constant. If the speed of light depends upon the spacetime coordinates of the medium, say x, then

where  represents the vacuum as a variable medium.

Vladimir Fock
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Fock (or Fok; Russian: Влади́мир Алекса́ндрович Фок) (December 22, 1898 – December 27, 1974) was a Soviet physicist, who did foundational work on quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics.
Antonio della Mola
Antonio della Mola was a 16th-century Italian artist who worked in intaglio and wood-inlay, as well as producing sculptures in marble.

Born in Mantua, he worked alongside his brother Paolo in Mantua and Carpi. In Mantua he worked under the guidance of Giulio Romano and also created the scheme of wooden panels in the grotto of the studiolo of Isabella d'Este at the Ducal Palace. He also created wooden inlay panels for the sacristy wardrobes in San Marco Basilica and marble sculptures for the Ducal Palace, both in Venice.

Giulio Romano
Giulio Pippi (c. 1499 – 1 November 1546), known as Giulio Romano and Jules Romain (US: /ˌdʒuːljoʊ rəˈmɑːnoʊ/ JOOL-yoh rə-MAH-noh, Italian: [ˈdʒuːljo roˈmaːno]; French: Jules Romain), was an Italian Mannerist painter and architect. He was a pupil of Raphael, and his stylistic deviations from High Renaissance classicism help define the sixteenth-century style known as Mannerism. Giulio's drawings have long been treasured by collectors; contemporary prints of them engraved by Marcantonio Raimondi were a significant contribution to the spread of sixteenth-century Italian style throughout Europe.
William Forbes (Lower Canada politician)
William Forbes (July 21, 1787 – November 22, 1814) was a merchant and political figure in Lower Canada. He represented York in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada in 1814.

He was born Guillaume Forbes in Rivière-du-Loup, the son of John Forbes, a native of Scotland, and Ann McDonell. Forbes established himself in business at Vaudreuil. He received a contract to supply wood to the army during the War of 1812. In the summer of 1814, Forbes was involved in transporting goods for the army from Montreal to Kingston. He died in office in Montreal at the age of 27.

Vaudreuil-Dorion
Vaudreuil-Dorion (French pronunciation: [vodʁœj dɔʁjɔ̃]) is a suburb of Greater Montreal, in the Montérégie region of southwestern Quebec, Canada. The result of the merger of two towns, Vaudreuil and Dorion, it is located in the Vaudreuil-Soulanges Regional County Municipality.