hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Prostate biopsy
Prostate biopsy is a procedure in which small hollow needle-core samples are removed from a man's prostate gland to be examined for the presence of prostate cancer. It is typically performed when the result from a PSA blood test is high. It may also be considered advisable after a digital rectal exam (DRE) finds possible abnormality. PSA screening is controversial as PSA may become elevated due to non-cancerous conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), by infection, or by manipulation of the prostate during surgery or catheterization. Additionally many prostate cancers detected by screening develop so slowly that they would not cause problems during a man's lifetime, making the complications due to treatment unnecessary.

The most frequent side effect of the procedure is blood in the urine (31%). Other side effects may include infection (0.9%) and death (0.2%).

Rectal examination
Digital rectal examination (DRE), also known as a prostate exam (Latin: palpatio per anum (PPA), lit. 'palpation through the anus'), is an internal examination of the rectum performed by a healthcare provider.

Prior to a 2018 report from the United States Preventive Services Task Force, a digital exam was a common component of annual medical examination for older men, as it was thought to be a reliable screening test for prostate cancer.
Billy Sullivan (1900s catcher)
William Joseph Sullivan, Sr. (February 1, 1875 – January 28, 1965) was an American professional baseball player and manager. He played as a catcher in Major League Baseball, most notably as a member of the Chicago White Sox with whom he won a World Series championship in 1906. Although he was a relatively weak hitter, he sustained a sixteen-year playing career by being one of the best defensive catchers of his era.

Sullivan's reputation as a defensive standout is enhanced because of the era in which he played. In the Deadball Era, catchers played a huge defensive role, given the large number of bunts and stolen base attempts, as well as the difficulty of handling the spitball pitchers who dominated pitching staffs. He had to catch every type of pitch imaginable, such as shine balls, spitballs, knuckleballs, and emery balls.

Spitball
A spitball is a now-illegal baseball pitch in which the ball has been altered by the application of a foreign substance such as saliva or petroleum jelly. This technique alters the wind resistance and weight on one side of the ball, causing it to move in an atypical manner. It may also cause the ball to "slip" out of the pitcher's fingers without the usual spin that accompanies a pitch. In this sense, a spitball can be thought of as a fastball with knuckleball action. Alternative names for the spitball are spitter, mud ball, shine ball, supersinker, or vaseline ball (because originally, Vaseline was used to give the ball a little more break). A spitball technically differs from an emery ball, in which the surface of the ball is cut or abraded. Saliva or Vaseline smooths the baseball, while the emery paper roughens it. The general term for altering the ball in any way is doctoring.
Mir Ali Sher Qani Thattvi
Mir ʿAlī Sher Thattvi, also known by his pen name Qāniʿ/Ḳāniʿ (b. 1727 - d. 1788), was a prominent Sindhi Sunni Muslim historian, poet, and scholar from Thatta, Sindh. He was the son of ʿIzzat Allāh al-Ḥusaynī al-S̲h̲īrāzī. He began composing poetry at 12 years of age. He received his education from local scholars, some of whom are mentioned in his work "Maḳālāt-al-s̲h̲uʿarāʾ" He studied the "Fatawa-e-Alamgiri" and independently wrote essays, marking the start of his prolific career.

In 1761, he was commissioned by G̲h̲ulām S̲h̲āh ʿAbbāsī, the Kalhoro ruler of Sindh, to write a Persian history of the ruling dynasty, modelled after the "S̲h̲āhnāma" of Firdawsī, though this project remained incomplete. Five years later, he compiled "Tuḥfat al-kirām," which he completed in 1767. Qaune's literary contributions cover various topics, including the works of Al-Ghazali and Rumi. He has authored over more than forty-two works in total.

Shahnameh
The Shahnameh is a long epic poem written by the Persian poet Ferdowsi between c. 977 and 1010 CE and is the national epic of Greater Iran. Consisting of some 50,000 distichs or couplets (two-line verses), the Shahnameh is one of the world's longest epic poems, and the longest epic poem created by a single author. It tells mainly the mythical and to some extent the historical past of Iran from the creation of the world until the Muslim conquest in the seventh century. Iran, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and the greater region influenced by Persian culture such as Armenia, Dagestan, Georgia, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan celebrate this national epic.

The work is of central importance in Persian culture and Persian language. It is regarded as a literary masterpiece, and definitive of the ethno-national cultural identity of Iran.
Meaghamann
Meaghamann (transl. Captain of the ship) is a 2014 Indian Tamil-language action thriller film written and directed by Magizh Thirumeni and produced by Nemichand Jhabak. The film stars an ensemble cast of Arya, Hansika Motwani, Ashutosh Rana, Sudhanshu Pandey, Ramana, Ashish Vidyarthi, Mahadevan, and Harish Uthaman. S. Thaman composed the film's soundtrack and background score, while the cinematography is done by S. R. Sathish Kumar. Meaghamann was released on 25 December 2014.

Ramaraju (actor)
Ramaraju (born 6 May 1961), also known as Mahadevan, is an Indian actor who works predominantly in Telugu, Tamil and Malayalam films. He first appeared in the Telugu film Challenge Ramudu (1980) and is best known for Aswini (1991), Pithamagan (2003), Krishna Gaadi Veera Prema Gaadha (2016) and Uppena (2021).
Pogonoperca ocellata
Pogonoperca ocellata, the Indian soapfish or snowflake soapfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, related to the groupers and classified within the subfamily Epinephelinae of the family Serranidae. It is found in the Indian Ocean.

Serranidae
Serranidae is a family of marine fish belonging to the order Perciformes. The family used to contain about 450 species in 65 genera, including some of the sea basses and groupers, but taxonomic revisions split out Epinephelinae (groupers), Grammistini (soapfish),  and Anthiadinae (anthias); as a consequence, this family is now much less speciose. Representatives of this group live in tropical and subtropical seas worldwide.
Nannilam
Nannilam is a Town and Taluk in Thiruvarur District in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the headquarters town for Nannilam Taluk.

The town is a main hub for the nearby villages. Many of the population are farmers. Nannilam is located 30 km west of Karaikal and 30 km east of Kumbakonam. 
The people mainly depend on agriculture, almost 70% of the population are employed in agriculture.

Most of the villages developed along the river banks like saliperi village. 
The Tirumalarajanar River (a branch of Kaveri) flows in Nannilam taluk.

Karaikal
Karaikal (/ˈkɑːraɪkʌl/, Tamil: [kaːɾɐi̯kːaːl], French: Karikal /kaʁikal/) is a port city of the Indian Union Territory of Puducherry. It is the administrative headquarters of the Karaikal District and the second most populated town in the Union Territory after Pondicherry. Located on the Coromandel Coast of Bay of Bengal in South India, it is situated at the center of a coastal enclave surrounded by the state of Tamil Nadu and its Cauvery delta districts (Mayiladuthurai, Tiruvarur and Nagapattinam).
Ian Wallace (photographer)
Ian Wallace (born 1972 in the Isle of Man (UK))  is a Tasmanian landscape photographer.

He emigrated to Melbourne (Australia) in 1985. From there he moved to Hobart, Tasmania in 2003. In 2004, he self-published his first book Tasmania: Portrait of an island. The sequel, Tasmania: Adventures on an island, features a number of wilderness experiences in places such as the Franklin River, the Walls of Jerusalem National Park, the Tasman Peninsula and the secluded beauty of Southwest National Park.

His photographs are exhibited in his gallery in the historic town of Richmond and at various galleries – including the wilderness gallery at Cradle Mountain, Tasmania.

In 2008, Ian Wallace was awarded the Epson Tasmanian Professional Photographer of the year award by the Tasmanian division of the Australian Institute of Professional Photographers (AIPP)

Walls of Jerusalem National Park
The Walls of Jerusalem National Park is a national park located in the Central Highlands region of Tasmania, Australia. The park is located approximately 144 km (89 mi) northwest of Hobart, east of the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park, and west of the Central Plateau Conservation Area. It is south of Mole Creek, Tasmania, and Rowallan Lake. The national park forms part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area.

The locality of Walls of Jerusalem is in the local government areas of Central Highlands (36%) and Meander Valley (64%) in Tasmania. The locality is about 244 kilometres (152 mi) north-west of the town of Hamilton.
Xylophanes cthulhu
Xylophanes cthulhu is a species of moth in the  family Sphingidae. It is known from lowland rainforest in Guatemala and Costa Rica.

The wingspan is 76–82 mm. It is similar to Xylophanes neoptolemus.

Adults are on wing year-round in Costa Rica.

The larvae feed on Ludwigia species. They have a snake-like appearance.

Ludwigia (plant)
Ludwigia (primrose-willow, water-purslane, or water-primrose) is a genus of about 82 species of aquatic plants with a cosmopolitan but mainly tropical distribution.

Currently (2023), there is much debate among botanists and plant taxonomists as to the classification of many Ludwigia species.  Botanists from the US Department of Agriculture are currently doing genetic analyses on plants from the Western US and South America to better classify members of this genus.

The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus after Christian Gottlieb Ludwig (1709-1773).
History of Portsmouth
Portsmouth is an island port city situated on Portsea Island in the county of Hampshire, England.  Its history has been influenced by its association with the sea, and its proximity to London, and mainland Europe.

Domus Dei
Domus Dei (Hospital of Saint Nicholas and Saint John the Baptist) was an almshouse and hospice at Old Portsmouth, Hampshire, England. It is now also known as the Royal Garrison Church and is an English Heritage property and a Grade II listed building.
Pseudochromis sankeyi
Pseudochromis sankeyi, the striped dottyback, is a species of ray-finned fish from the Western Indian Ocean which is a member of the family Pseudochromidae. It occasionally makes its way into the aquarium trade. It grows to a size of 7 cm in length. The specific name honours the British collector and wholesaler of marine fish Richard D. Sankey, who gave Roger Lubbock study specimens.

Dottyback
The dottybacks are a family, Pseudochromidae, of fishes which were formerly classified in the order Perciformes or considered incertae sedis percomorphs, but are now considered basal blenniiforms. Around 152 species belong to this family.

They are found in the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific, where most inhabit coral reefs. Many species are brightly coloured fish, often showing striking sexual dimorphism. They are generally small, mostly less than 10 cm (4 in) in length, and some less than 2 cm (0.8 in). The largest by far, at up to 45 cm (1 ft 6 in), is Congrogadus subducens. Dottybacks are distinguished from other families by the presence of three or less spines in the dorsal fin and an incomplete lateral line organ.

Several of the brightly coloured members of the family are often seen in the marine aquarium trade, although some species are aggressively territorial.
Seacliff, New Zealand
Seacliff is a small village located north of Dunedin in the Otago region of New Zealand's South Island. The village lies roughly halfway between the estuary of Blueskin Bay and the mouth of the Waikouaiti River at Karitane, on the eastern slopes of Kilmog hill. Coast Road, an old route north from Dunedin, and the South Island Main Trunk Railway pass through the village.

Waikouaiti River
The Waikouaiti River is found to the north of Dunedin in Otago, New Zealand. It flows to the Pacific Ocean at Karitane, close to the town of Waikouaiti.

The Waikouaiti River is the largest river in East Otago.
Henry Winkles
Henry Winkles (1801–1860) was an English architectural illustrator, engraver and printer, who, together with Karl Ludwig Frommel founded the first studio for steel engraving in Germany.

In 1836, with Benjamin Winkles, he produced and helped to engrave three volumes of "Winkles's architectural and picturesque illustrations of the cathedral churches of England and Wales". This featured illustrators such as Hablot Knight Browne (the famous "Phiz" of Charles Dickens fame) and architect Robert Garland (1808–1863), with text (and some engraving) by Thomas Moule. These books helped to inspire the 19th century Gothic revival in architecture in Britain.

Steel engraving
Steel engraving is a technique for printing illustrations on paper using steel printing plates instead of copper, the harder metal allowing a much longer print run before the image quality deteriorates. It has been rarely used in artistic printmaking, although it was much used for reproductions in the 19th century. Steel "engraving", in fact technically mostly using etching, was introduced in 1792 by Jacob Perkins (1766–1849), an American inventor, for banknote printing. When Perkins moved to London in 1818, the technique was adapted in 1820 by Charles Warren and especially by Charles Heath (1785–1848) for Thomas Campbell's Pleasures of Hope, which contained the first published plates engraved on steel. The new technique only partially replaced the other commercial line engraving techniques of that time such as wood engraving, copper engraving and later lithography.
KQBU (AM)
KQBU (920 kHz) is a silent AM radio station licensed to El Paso, Texas.  It is owned by 97.5 Licensee TX, LLC, an American subsidiary of Grupo Radio Centro (GRC).  The station had a sports radio format until it lost its tower site.  It stopped broadcasting on September 19, 2022.

Dark (broadcasting)
In broadcasting, a dark television station or silent radio station is one that has gone off the air for an indefinite period of time. Usually unlike dead air (broadcasting only silence), a station that is dark or silent does not even transmit a carrier signal.
American Council for Judaism
The American Council for Judaism (ACJ) is an American Jewish anti-Zionist organization. The ACJ was founded in 1942 as a Classical Reform Jewish group, drawing on the principles outlined in the 1885 Pittsburgh Platform.

In 2024, the ACJ reconstituted its board of directors. Rabbi Andrue Kahn was appointed as the organization’s Rabbinic Executive Director.

Central Conference of American Rabbis
The Central Conference of American Rabbis (CCAR), founded in 1889 by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise, is the principal organization of Reform rabbis in the United States and Canada. The CCAR is the largest and oldest rabbinical organization in the world. Its current president is Rabbi David Lyon.

Rabbi Hara Person is the Chief Executive.
1978–1990 (Go-Betweens album)
1978–1990 (sometimes The Go-Betweens 1978–1990) is a 1990 compilation album by Australian band the Go-Betweens. The album draws together music spanning the band's career from their beginnings in Brisbane to their 1989 breakup, including singles, B-sides, songs recorded for broadcast and previously unreleased material.

Before Hollywood
Before Hollywood is the second album by Australian rock band the Go-Betweens, released in May 1983. The album reached No. 2 on the UK Independent Charts and a single, "Cattle and Cane", reached No. 4.  In 2001 "Cattle and Cane" was voted as one of the 30 all-time best Australian songs in an Australasian Performing Right Association poll of 100 music industry personalities.

The album, recorded in the UK, was the first to have a 50-50 split of songs written by Robert Forster and Grant McLennan. In a 1996 radio interview McLennan nominated Before Hollywood as one of his two definitive Go-Betweens albums, describing it as a "nice combination of our skewered and classic songwriting, but with a heavy underground feeling".

An expanded version was released in 2002 featuring a second disc of eight bonus tracks and a music video for "Cattle and Cane".
2009 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 1500 metres
The  women's 1500 metres at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics was held at the Olympic Stadium between 18–23 August. The winning margin was 0.01 seconds which as of 2024 is the narrowest winning margin in the women's 1500 metres at these championships.

It was originally won by Natalia Rodríguez of Spain, but she was disqualified for tripping Gelete Burka of Ethiopia. Burka had been in the lead for the majority of the race, but Rodríguez had caught up and tripped Burka. Burka ended up finishing last and was visibly upset of what had happened. Rodríguez was disqualified. Defending champion Maryam Yusuf Jamal of Bahrain received the gold, Lisa Dobriskey of Great Britain received the silver, and Shannon Rowbury of the United States received the bronze. In addition, Mariem Alaoui Selsouli of Morocco was disqualified before the final for testing positive for Erythropoietin. She was not replaced.

Mariem Alaoui Selsouli
Mariem Alaoui Selsouli (Arabic: مريم علوي سلسولي; born 8 July 1984) is a Moroccan middle- and long-distance runner.

At the 2009 World Athletics Final in Berlin, Selsouli withdrew from the 1500m final after failing a drug test for EPO. She was suspended for two years by the IAAF, from 22 August 2009 to 21 August 2011. On 23 July 2012 she was banned from the Summer Olympics in London after testing positive for the diuretic furosemide, following her competition in Diamond league on 6 July 2012 in Paris-Saint-Denis. She had an 8-year doping ban from 6 July 2012 to 24 July 2020.
Telenomus podisi
Telenomus podisi is a species of egg parasitoid wasps described by William Harris Ashmead in 1893 and placed in the family of Platygastridae. It is a parasitoid of the brown stink bug, Euschistus heros and can be raised in labs on the eggs of Cosmopepla lintneriana, Podisus maculiventris, and Euschistus servus. This wasp can be used in integrated pest management to control Euschistus heros. The insecticide Imidacloprid is lethal for these wasps, and other insecticides have been shown to negatively impact rates of egg parasitism.

Integrated pest management
Integrated pest management (IPM), also known as integrated pest control (IPC) integrates both chemical and non-chemical practices for economic control of pests. The UN's Food and Agriculture Organization defines IPM as "the careful consideration of all available pest control techniques and subsequent integration of appropriate measures that discourage the development of pest populations and keep pesticides and other interventions to levels that are economically justified and reduce or minimize risks to human health and the environment. IPM emphasizes the growth of a healthy crop with the least possible disruption to agro-ecosystems and encourages natural pest control mechanisms." Entomologists and ecologists have urged the adoption of IPM pest control since the 1970s. IPM is a safer pest control framework than reliance on the use of chemical pesticides, mitigating risks such as: insecticide-induced resurgence, pesticide resistance and (especially food) crop residues.
Tejon Township, Los Angeles County, California
Tejon Township was a defunct township in Los Angeles County, California.  It existed prior to the abolition of townships in California in the 1870s.  By far the largest of the county's townships, it encompassed an area from the San Gabriel and Santa Susana Mountains in the south to the Tulare County line in the north.  It was centered on Fort Tejon.  In 1860, the township had a population of 920.

When Kern County was created in 1866, much of the land in Tejon Township was transferred to the new county.  The portion remaining in Los Angeles County became Soledad Township.  Present-day communities located in the township include Lancaster, Palmdale, Santa Clarita and Frazier Park.

Frazier Park, California
Frazier Park is a village and unincorporated community in Kern County, California. It is 5 miles (8 km) west of Lebec, at an elevation of 4,639 feet (1,414 m). It is one of the Mountain Communities of the Tejon Pass. The population was 2,592 in the 2020 census, down from 2,691 in 2010.
Atlanta Terminal Subdivision
CSX Transportation's Atlanta Terminal Subdivision comprises the company's railroad lines and infrastructure operating in and around Atlanta, Georgia.  The Atlanta Terminal Subdivision consists of five lines (known as charts on employee timetables) and a number of yards.  Most of the lines in the Atlanta Terminal Subdivision date back to the 1800s.

Atlantic Coast Line Railroad
The Atlantic Coast Line Railroad (reporting mark ACL) was a United States Class I railroad formed in 1900, though predecessor railroads had used the ACL brand since 1871. In 1967, it merged with long-time rival Seaboard Air Line Railroad to form the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad. Much of the original ACL network has been part of CSX Transportation since 1986.

The Atlantic Coast Line served the Southeast, with a concentration of lines in Florida. Numerous named passenger trains were operated by the railroad for Florida-bound tourists, with the Atlantic Coast Line contributing significantly to Florida's economic development in the first half of the 20th century.

At the end of 1925, ACL operated 4,924 miles of road, not including its flock of subsidiaries; after some merging, mileage at the end of 1960 was 5,570 not including A&WP, CN&L, East Carolina, Georgia, Rockingham, and V&CS. In 1960, ACL reported 10,623 million net ton-miles of revenue freight and 490 million passenger-miles.
Mirco Demuro
Mirco Demuro (Japanese: ミルコ・デムーロ, January 11, 1979) is an Italian jockey based in Japan. His younger brother, Cristian, as well as their sister, Pamela, is also a jockey. Their late father Giovanni was also a jockey.

Satsuki Shō
The Satsuki Shō (皐月賞) is a Grade 1 flat horse race in Japan for three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies run over a distance of 2,000 metres (approximately 1+1⁄4 mile) at the Nakayama Racecourse, Funabashi, Chiba, in April.

It was first run in 1939 and is the Japanese equivalent of the English 2,000 Guineas. (Note that the original 2,000 Guineas is currently run at 1,609 metres, or one mile, about two furlongs shorter than the Satsuki Shō.)
Thomas Wilson (archdeacon of Worcester)
Thomas Bowstead Wilson (15 August 1882 – 11 October 1961)  was Archdeacon of Worcester from 1944 until his death.

Wilson was educated at Charterhouse and Pembroke College, Cambridge and ordained deacon in 1906 and priest in 1907. After a curacy at Wakefield Cathedral he was Missioner of the Pembroke College, Cambridge Mission at Walworth. He held incumbencies in Suckley, Wolverley and Hartlebury before his archdeacon’s appointment.

Wakefield Cathedral
Wakefield Cathedral, or the Cathedral Church of All Saints in Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England, is a co-equal Anglican cathedral with Bradford and Ripon Cathedrals, in the Diocese of Leeds and a seat of the Bishop of Leeds. Originally the parish church, it has Anglo Saxon origins and, after enlargement and rebuilding, has the tallest spire in Yorkshire. Its 247-foot (75 m) spire is the tallest structure in the City of Wakefield. The cathedral was designated a Grade I listed building on 14 July 1953.