hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Geoff Norcott
Geoffrey Frank Norcott (born 16 December 1976) is an English comedian, writer and political commentator. He first performed in 2001 and has appeared on Mock the Week, Live at the Apollo and Question Time, and written for The Daily Telegraph, The Independent and Spiked.

Spiked (magazine)
Spiked (also written as sp!ked) is a British Internet magazine focusing on politics, culture and society. The magazine was founded in 2001 with the same editor and many of the same contributors as Living Marxism, which had closed in 2000 after losing a case for libel brought by ITN.

There is general agreement that Spiked is libertarian, with the majority of specialist academic sources identifying it as right-libertarian, and some non-specialist sources identifying it as left-libertarian. Activists associated with Spiked, sometimes described as part of "the Spiked network", took part in the Brexit Party as candidates or publicists, while disagreeing with Nigel Farage on many domestic issues.
Madeline Turner
Madeline M. Turner was a Black American Freedman inventor. She invented Turner's Fruit-Press, which paved the way for further development of the fruit press. She was granted U.S. patent 1,180,959 on April 25, 1916 and exhibited her invention at the Panama–California Exposition.

Turner lived in Oakland, California. Her fruit press allowed fruit to be pushed into an opening and cut in half. The fruit would be shifted between different plates until juiced. The press resembled a form of an assembly line. The fruit press was called "ingenious" by a patent review committee member.

Assembly line
An assembly line, often called progressive assembly, is a manufacturing process where the unfinished product moves in a direct line from workstation to workstation, with parts added in sequence until the final product is completed. By mechanically moving parts to workstations and transferring the unfinished product from one workstation to another, a finished product can be assembled faster and with less labor than having workers carry parts to a stationary product.

Assembly lines are common methods of assembling complex items such as automobiles and other transportation equipment, household appliances and electronic goods.

Workers in charge of the works of assembly line are called assemblers.
HNLMS Java (1885)
The Dutch ship HNLMS Java launched in 1885 at Rotterdam was a sloop or small unprotected cruiser.

The ship was named after the island of Java in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia).  This ship was a small colonial warship, larger than most gunboats but weaker than a protected cruiser.  The term sloop in the steamship era was used by some navies including the British Navy for what were essentially large gunboats.  The Java resembled the Spanish unprotected cruisers of the Velasco class, which were used for colonial duties (and the unsuccessful defense of Manila Bay in 1898).

On 27 March 1886, she collided with the British full-rigged ship Loch Broom in the Atlantic Ocean 12 nautical miles (22 km) west of the Eddystone Rock, Cornwall, United Kingdom and was severely damaged. Four of her crew got aboard Loch Broom. HNLMS Java was on a voyage from Rotterdam, South Holland to Java, Netherlands East Indies. She put in to Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom.

South Holland
South Holland (Dutch: Zuid-Holland [ˌzœyt ˈɦɔlɑnt] ⓘ) is a province of the Netherlands with a population of over 3.8 million as of January 2023 and a population density of about 1,410/km2 (3,700/sq mi), making it the country's most populous province and one of the world's most densely populated areas. Situated on the North Sea in the west of the Netherlands, South Holland covers an area of 3,308 km2 (1,277 sq mi), of which 609 km2 (235 sq mi) is water. It borders North Holland to the north, Utrecht and Gelderland to the east, and North Brabant and Zeeland to the south. The provincial capital is the Dutch seat of government The Hague, while its largest city is Rotterdam. The Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta drains through South Holland into the North Sea. Europe's busiest seaport, the Port of Rotterdam, is located in South Holland.
Roman Bronze Works
Roman Bronze Works, now operated as Roman Bronze Studios, is a bronze foundry in New York City. Established in 1897 by Riccardo Bertelli, it was the first American foundry to specialize in the lost-wax casting method, and was the country's pre-eminent art foundry during the American Renaissance (ca. 1876–1917).

Daniel Chester French
Daniel Chester French (April 20, 1850 – October 7, 1931) was an American sculptor in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. His works include The Minute Man, an 1874 statue in Concord, Massachusetts, and his 1920 monumental statue of Abraham Lincoln at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.
Grady Jarrett
Grady Jarrett (born April 28, 1993) is an American professional football defensive tackle for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Clemson Tigers and was drafted by the Atlanta Falcons in the 5th round of the 2015 NFL draft.

Conyers, Georgia
Conyers is a city and the county seat of Rockdale County, Georgia, United States. The city is 24 miles (38.6 km) east of downtown Atlanta and is a part of the Atlanta metropolitan area. As of 2020, its population was 17,305. The formerly separate town of Milstead is now part of Conyers.
It Happened at the Inn
It Happened at the Inn (French: Goupi mains rouges) is a 1943 French mystery film directed by Jacques Becker and starring Fernand Ledoux, Robert Le Vigan, Georges Rollin and Blanchette Brunoy. It follows an investigation into the family members of an old woman who has been murdered. The film is based on the 1937 novel with the same title by Pierre Véry. It was released in France on 14 April 1943.

The film was shot at the Epinay Studios in Paris, with location filming taking place around Charente.

Charente
Charente (French: [ʃaʁɑ̃t] ⓘ; Saintongese: Chérente; Occitan: Charanta [tʃaˈɾantɔ]) is a department in the administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, southwestern France. It is named after the river Charente, the most important and longest river in the department, and also the river beside which the department's two largest towns, Angoulême and Cognac, are sited. In 2019, it had a population of 352,015.
Régis Delépine
Régis Delépine (born 22 December 1946 in La Bohalle) is a French former professional road bicycle racer. In the 1974 edition of Bordeaux–Paris, he was ranked first together with Herman Van Springel, after Van Springel went the wrong way in the final.

Bordeaux–Paris
The Bordeaux–Paris professional cycle race was one of Europe's classic cycle races, and one of the longest in the professional calendar, covering approximately 560 km (350 mi) – more than twice most single-day races. It started in northern Bordeaux in southwest France at 2am and finished in the capital Paris 14 hours later. The professional event was held from 1891 until 1988. It was held as an amateur event in 2014.
Auxerrois
Auxerrois is a historical province of France. Named after the city of Auxerre in Burgundy, it gives its name to several grape varieties:

Auxerrois Blanc, a white wine grape that is widely grown in Alsace, and also in Lorraine, Germany and Luxembourg

Malbec (or Côt), a red wine grape grown in the Cahors region of France, where it is known as Auxerrois

Pinot gris, sometimes called Auxerrois Gris in France

Valdiguié, known as Gros Auxerrois in the South of France

Valdiguié
Valdiguié is a red wine grape grown primarily in the Languedoc-Roussillon region of southern France, where it is generally known by the alias Gros Auxerrois. In California it has been known as Napa Gamay or Gamay 15.  Until 1980 Napa Gamay was believed to be the Gamay of Beaujolais, but following genetic analysis the name "Napa Gamay" has been banned from U.S. wine labels since June 23, 1997. Confusingly, both the Pinot noir clone Gamay Beaujolais and Valdiguié were sometimes also labelled as "Gamay Beaujolais" until that name was banned on labels in April 2007.

Other synonyms include Valdiguer, Cahors, Jean-Pierrou at Sauzet, Quercy and Noir de Chartres.
Alexander von Lingelsheim
Alexander von Lingelsheim (27 September 1874, in Arolsen – 5 March 1937, in Breslau) was a German botanist and pharmacist.

He studied natural sciences at the University of Breslau, and for many years he worked as an assistant in its botanical garden and museum (1904–29). In the meantime, he received his PhD from the University of Rostock (1906) and later taught classes at the Technische Hochschule Breslau (from 1910). Together with Rudolph Dittrich and Ferdinand Albin Pax he worked also in the field of cecidology (studying plant galls) and coedited the exsiccata series Herbarium cecidiologicum. In 1929 he founded a pharmacy in Breslau, and three years later, became an associate professor of pharmacognosy at the university.

In 1909 Ferdinand Albin Pax named the botanical genus Lingelsheimia in his honor. In 1920 he became a member of the Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina.

University of Wrocław
The University of Wrocław (Polish: Uniwersytet Wrocławski, UWr; Latin: Universitas Wratislaviensis) is a public research university in Wrocław, Poland. It is the largest institution of higher learning in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, with over 100,000 graduates since 1945, including some 1,900 researchers, among whom many have received the highest awards for their contributions to the development of scientific scholarship.

The university was established in 1701 and reconstituted in its current form in 1945, as a direct successor to the previous German University of Breslau. Following the territorial changes of Poland's borders, academics primarily from the Jan Kazimierz University of Lwów restored the university building, which had been heavily damaged in the 1945 Battle of Breslau.
Eradicator
The term Eradicator can mean the following:

Eradicator (Algerian politics), a paramilitary group during the Algerian Civil War

Eradicator (comics), a superhero/supervillain in the DC Comics universe

Eradicator (video game), released by Accolade in 1996

The Eradicator, a ski-mask wearing squash player appearing in a Kids in the Hall sketch, played by Bruce McCulloch.

Bruce McCulloch
Bruce Ian McCulloch (born May 12, 1961) is a Canadian actor, comedian, writer, musician and film director. McCulloch is best known for his work as a member of the comedy troupe The Kids in the Hall, including starring in the TV series of the same name. He was also a writer for Saturday Night Live for one season, 1985-1986. McCulloch has appeared on other series including Twitch City and Gilmore Girls. He directed the films Dog Park, Stealing Harvard and Superstar.

He also wrote and directed the romantic comedy Comeback Season, which toured film festivals before its release on DVD in 2007. He was the creator and head writer of the 2007-2008 ABC sitcom Carpoolers.
John E. Osborn (lawyer)
John E. Osborn (born September 4, 1957) is an American lawyer and former diplomat who served in the United States Department of State during the administration of President George H. W. Bush, and later as a member of the United States Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy.

Virginia Journal of International Law
The Virginia Journal of International Law is a law journal that was established in 1960 at the University of Virginia School of Law. As of 2023, it is the world's 4th most influential international law journal.  Pieces published in the Journal have been cited by the Supreme Court of the United States, multiple U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeals, and the International Court of Justice.
1997 Recopa Sudamericana
The 1997 Recopa Sudamericana was the ninth Recopa Sudamericana, an annual football match between the winners of the previous season's Copa Libertadores and Supercopa Sudamericana competitions.

The match was contested between River Plate, winners of the 1996 Copa Libertadores, and Vélez Sársfield, winners of the 1996 Supercopa Sudamericana, on April 13, 1997. After a 1–1 draw, Vélez Sársfield managed to beat River Plate 4–2 on penalty shootout to win the trophy. Renowned goalkeeper José Luis Chilavert became the first ever goalkeeper to score a goal in the competition.

Supercopa Libertadores
The Supercopa Libertadores (English: Libertadores Supercup), also known as the Supercopa Sudamericana, Supercopa Libertadores João Havelange, Supercopa João Havelange or simply Supercopa, was a football club competition contested annually between 1988 and 1997 by the past winners of the Copa Libertadores. The tournament is one of the many South American club competitions that have been organized by CONMEBOL.
Lier railway station
Lier railway station (Dutch: Station Lier; French: Gare de Lierre) is a railway station in Lier, Antwerp, Belgium. The station opened on 23 April 1855 on railway lines 13 and 15. Until 1988, the station was also on line 205, when this line closed. The train services are operated by the National Railway Company of Belgium (NMBS/SNCB).

Belgian railway line 15
The Belgian railway line 15 is a railway line in Belgium connecting Antwerp with Hasselt. It was opened between 1855 and 1925. The total length of the line between the Drabstraat junction (between Berchem and Mortsel) and the Zonhoven junction (north of Hasselt) is 92.1 km. Line 15 is not the shortest or fastest connection between Antwerp and Hasselt: the faster trains take the 14 km shorter route through Lier, Aarschot and Diest (lines 16 and 35).
HMS Norwich (1693)
HMS Norwich was a 50-gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched at Deptford (a commercial yard, not the Royal Dockyard) on 24 August 1693. The last of seven 50-gun ships ordered during 1692, she was given the name of Norwich following the loss of the previous 50-gun ship of that name (which had been launched in 1691) on 6 October 1692.

She arrived at Chatham Dockyard on 15 October 1712 to be rebuilt according to the 1706 Establishment, relaunching on 20 May 1718. In 1744 she was reduced to a 44-gun fifth rate and renamed HMS Enterprise on 23 May 1744.

Chatham Dockyard
Chatham Dockyard was a Royal Navy Dockyard located on the River Medway in Kent. Established in Chatham in the mid-16th century, the dockyard subsequently expanded into neighbouring Gillingham; at its most extensive (in the early 20th century) two-thirds of the dockyard lay in Gillingham, one-third in Chatham.

It came into existence at the time when, following the Reformation, relations with the Catholic countries of Europe had worsened, leading to a requirement for additional defences. Over 414 years Chatham Royal Dockyard provided more than 500 ships for the Royal Navy, and was at the forefront of shipbuilding, industrial and architectural technology. At its height, it employed over 10,000 skilled artisans and covered 400 acres (1.6 km2). Chatham dockyard closed in 1984, and 84 acres (34 ha) of the Georgian dockyard is now managed as the Chatham Historic Dockyard visitor attraction by the Chatham Historic Dockyard Trust.
9th Royal Tank Regiment
The 9th Royal Tank Regiment (9 RTR) was an armoured regiment of the British Army active during the Second World War. It was part of the Royal Tank Regiment, itself part of the Royal Armoured Corps. It was reformed in late 1940 as a hostilities-only regiment.

Armoured warfare
Armoured warfare is the use of armoured fighting vehicles in modern warfare. It is a major component of modern methods of war. The premise of armoured warfare rests on the ability of troops to penetrate conventional defensive lines through use of manoeuvre by armoured units.

Much of the application of armoured warfare depends on the use of tanks and related vehicles used by other supporting arms such as infantry fighting vehicles, self-propelled artillery, and other combat vehicles, as well as mounted combat engineers and other support units. The doctrine of armoured warfare was developed to break the static nature of World War I trench warfare on the Western Front, and return to the 19th century school of thought that advocated manoeuvre and decisive battle outcomes in military strategy.
Inferior transverse ligament of the tibiofibular syndesmosis
The inferior transverse ligament of the tibiofibular syndesmosis is a connective tissue structure in the lower leg that lies in front of the posterior ligament. It is a strong, thick band, of yellowish fibers which passes transversely across the back of the ankle joint, from the lateral malleolus to the posterior border of the articular surface of the tibia, almost as far as its malleolar process.

This ligament projects below the margin of the bones, and forms part of the articulating surface for the talus.

It is not included in Terminologia Anatomica, but it still appears in some anatomy textbooks.

Fiber
Fiber (spelled fibre in British English; from Latin: fibra) is a natural or artificial substance that is significantly longer than it is wide. Fibers are often used in the manufacture of other materials. The strongest engineering materials often incorporate fibers, for example carbon fiber and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene.

Synthetic fibers can often be produced very cheaply and in large amounts compared to natural fibers, but for clothing natural fibers have some benefits, such as comfort, over their synthetic counterparts.
History of railroads in Michigan
Railroads have been vital in the history of the population and trade of rough and finished goods in the state of Michigan.  While some coastal settlements had previously existed, the population, commercial, and industrial growth of the state further bloomed with the establishment of the railroad.

The state's proximity to Ontario, Canada, aided the transport of goods in a smooth east–west trajectory from the eastern shore of Lake Michigan toward Montreal and Quebec.

Major railroads in the state, prior to 20th century consolidations, had been the Michigan Central Railroad and the New York Central Railroad.

The system has been reduced from more than 9,000 route miles in the beginning of the 20th century to around 3,600 route miles at the beginning of the 21st century. The Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) owns 665 miles of these, based on the State Transportation Preservation Act of 1976.

Hillsdale, Michigan
Hillsdale is the largest city in Hillsdale County, Michigan, United States, and its county seat. The population was 8,036 at the 2020 census. It is the home of Hillsdale College, a private liberal arts college.
Beneteau California 5.50
The Beneteau California 5.50, or 550, is a French trailerable sailboat that was designed by André Bénéteau as a fishing boat, day sailer and pocket cruiser. The design is named for its length overall in metres and was first built in 1981.

Pocket cruiser
Pocket cruiser is a term for a relatively small recreational cruising boat. As a sailboat they have been defined as having a length of under 30 feet (9 m), or between 25 feet (8 m) and 35 feet (11 m). Pocket cabin cruisers (motorboats) can be under 30 feet (9 m) or under 50 feet (15 m). The term was coined in the 1970s, in the early days of fiberglass boat building.
Pinga (footballer, born 1924)
José Lázaro Robles, best known as Pinga (February 11, 1924 – May 7, 1996) was a Brazilian footballer.

He was born in São Paulo. During his career (1943–1964) he played for Juventus, Portuguesa and Vasco da Gama, where he played 466 matches from 1953 to 1962 and scored 250 goals. Defending the Brazilian team he participated in the Copa America 1953 and the 1954 FIFA World Cup, playing two games and scoring two goals. He died at 72 years old.

Associação Portuguesa de Desportos
Associação Portuguesa de Desportos, commonly referred to as Portuguesa or Lusa, is a Brazilian professional football club based in the district of Pari, São Paulo, that competes in the Campeonato Paulista, the top tier of the São Paulo state football league, and the Campeonato Brasileiro Série D. It is part of a sports club, founded on 14 August 1920, by the Portuguese population of the city.
Brustolina
The brustolina is a grill which fits over a gas burner on a hob. It consists of a square sheet of metal with holes punched in it (the base) and a square grid over the top (the grilling surface). Heat is applied from below and is evenly distributed by the base, deflected upward to the grid. Items placed on top of the grid are cooked by both convection and radiant heat. These grills are often used in Italy and Chile, for instance, grilling bruschetta, polenta, vegetables or toasted pumpkin seeds.

A brustolina can also be used as a heat diffuser, to provide well-distributed low heat, for example for cooking rice.

Similar grills are used for making toast over campfires and in Japanese cooking.

Hob (hearth)
In a kitchen the hob is a projection, shelf, grate or bench for holding food or utensils at the back or side of a hearth (fireplace) to keep them warm, or an internal chimney-corner.  In modern British English usage, the word refers to a cooktop or hotplate, as distinguished from an oven.
Norwegian Petroleum Institute
The Norwegian Petroleum Institute (Norwegian: Norsk Petroleumsinstitutt) is a Norwegian petroleum lobbying organization formed in 1970. Its purpose is to "attend to and promote the common interest of the [petroleum] industry".

The petroleum companies Esso Norge, YX Energi Norge, Norske Shell, Statoil Norge, AGA AS, Castrol Norge, Yara Industrial, Nynas, Valvoline Oil and Progas are behind the Norwegian Petroleum Institute. It also has ties with the Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise. Its board consists of Håvard Kjærstad (ESSO), Tage Kruse (YX), Lars Inge Lunde (Shell), Dag Roger Rinde (Statoil), Sven Borger Fiedler (Castrol) and secretary Inger-Lise M. Nøstvik.

It has been criticized for manufacturing quasi-journalistic information and news, which was picked up by the Norwegian news media, and eventually had political impact.

Castrol
Castrol Limited is a British oil company that markets industrial and automotive lubricants, offering a wide range of oil, greases and similar products for most lubrication applications. The company was originally named CC Wakefield; the name Castrol was originally just the brand name for CC Wakefield's motor oils, but the company eventually changed its name to Castrol when the product name became better-known than the original company name.
Lifeblood
Lifeblood or Life blood can refer to:

Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, the organisation responsible for blood and related donations in Australia

Blood, a bodily fluid in animals

Life Blood (film), a supernatural horror thriller film released in 2009

Lifeblood (album), the seventh studio album by the Welsh alternative rock band Manic Street Preachers

Lifesblood, a 2001 EP by Mastodon

Lifeblood (novel), sequel to the novel Darkside, a children's novel by Tom Becker

Life's Blood, an American hardcore punk band

"Life's Blood", a song by the Eighteen Visions from their EP Lifeless and album The Best of Eighteen Visions

Lifeblood (charity), a UK-based charity now known as Thrombosis UK

Lifeblood, 2021 studio album by Brand of Sacrifice

Lifeblood (album)
Lifeblood is the seventh studio album by Welsh alternative rock band Manic Street Preachers, released on 1 November 2004 by Sony Music UK. Two singles were released from the album: "The Love of Richard Nixon" and "Empty Souls".

While the album was met with generally positive reviews from critics, it is the band's least commercially successful album, peaking at number 13 in the UK Album Charts and has often been derided by the band members themselves.

An expanded and remastered edition was released in 2024 to mark its 20th anniversary.