hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
New Marston Meadows
New Marston Meadows is a 44.7-hectare (110-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Oxford in Oxfordshire.

These meadows in the floodplain of the River Cherwell are traditionally managed for hay or by grazing. Some plants are typical of those on ancient meadows, such as common meadow-rue, pepper-saxifrage, devil's-bit scabious, adder's-tongue fern, smooth brome and meadow barley. Snake's head fritillary, which is nationally scarce, is also found at the site.

Hordeum brachyantherum
Hordeum brachyantherum,  known by the common name meadow barley, is a species of barley. It is native to western North America from Alaska to northern Mexico, coastal areas of easternmost Russia (Kamchatka), and a small area of coastal Newfoundland.

The diploid cytotype occurs only in California, throughout the state, while everywhere else plants are tetraploid.

This is a tufting perennial bunchgrass approaching a meter in maximum height. It produces compact, narrow inflorescences 8 to 10 centimeters long and purplish in color. Like other barleys the spikelets come in triplets. It has two small, often sterile lateral spikelets on pedicels and a larger, fertile central spikelet lacking a pedicel.
Valla (surname)
Valla is a surname. It is Italian equivalent of Valle. It is also used as a surname in Norway referring to someone from several places or farmsteads in Nordland. It is the plural form of Old Norse word vǫllr (Norwegian: field meadow). Notable people with the surname include:

Esat Valla, Kosovar Albanian painter

Gerd-Liv Valla, Norwegian trade union leader

Giorgio Valla (1447–1500), scientist

Kristin Valla (born 1975), Norwegian writer and journalist

Kristin Hille Valla, Norwegian politician for the Centre Party

Lorenzo Valla (1406–1457), Italian Renaissance era humanist

Marie-Laure Valla, French set dresser and set decorator

Natacha Valla, French economist

Paul Vallas, American politician

Spyros Vallas, Greek professional football player

Trebisonda Valla (1916–2006), Italian athlete

Kristin Valla
Kristin Valla (born 22 March 1975 in Mo i Rana) is a Norwegian writer and journalist. She now lives in Oslo. Her debut novel, Muskat, has been translated to several languages, including English in 2002.
Charles Uzo Azubuike
Charles Uzo Azubuike  Listenⓘ is a Nigerian lawyer and politician. He served as a member representing Obingwa West state constituency in the Abia State House of Assembly. He was appointed the Deputy Speaker of Abia State House of Assembly from 2007 to 2011. He served as the member representing Aba North / Aba South in the House of Representatives of Nigeria in the 7th National Assembly from 2011 to 2015 under the on the umbrella of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP)

Aba North
Aba North Listenⓘ is a Local Government Area in Aba, Abia State, Nigeria. In the year (1991) Aba North local government was created. The headquarters is at Eziama Uratta. It is amongst the local governments that make up Abia South senatorial zone. Aba North is in the South East geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The Igbo ethnic group is predominant in the area. The people of the area are mostly Christians and traditional worshippers with Igbo and English as the commonly spoken languages. Aba North, an integral part of Ngwaland, consists of indigenes and migrants from other parts of the state who reside in Aba for entrepreneurial and other purposes.

The postal code is 450.
2011 TEAN International
The 2011 TEAN International was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 16th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour and the 11th edition of the tournament for the 2011 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Alphen aan den Rijn, Netherlands between 5 and 11 September 2011.

Antal van der Duim
Antal van der Duim (born 16 September 1987) is a Dutch professional tennis player. He competes mainly on the ATP Challenger Tour and ITF Futures, both in singles and doubles. He reached his highest ATP singles ranking, No. 214 on 31 October 2016, and his highest ATP doubles ranking, No. 149, on 20 April 2015.
Drone metal
Drone metal or drone doom is a style of heavy metal that melds the slow tempos and heaviness of doom metal with the long-duration tones of drone music. Drone metal is sometimes associated with post-metal or experimental metal.

Noise rock
Noise rock is a subgenre of rock music that originally emerged in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Artists fuse rock music to noise, while utilizing extreme levels of guitar distortion and feedback, primarily through the use of electric guitars.
Patel Dam failure
The Patel Milmet Dam was a privately owned embankment dam located near the township of Solai, Nakuru County, in Kenya's Rift Valley. The dam burst amid heavy rains on 9 May 2018, killing at least 48 people.

Embankment dam
An embankment dam is a large artificial dam. It is typically created by the placement and compaction of a complex semi-plastic mound of various compositions of soil or rock. It has a water-resistant natural covering for its surface, and may feature a dense, watertight core to resist surface or seepage erosion. Such a dam is composed of fragmented independent material particles. The friction and interaction of particles binds the particles together into a stable mass rather than by the use of a cementing substance.
Festival Dansa-Diawoura
The Festival Dansa-Diawoura festival took place in Bafoulabé in Mali, and in
the surrounding villages, from April 8 to April 10, 2005 in the presence
of Cheick Oumar Sissoko, Minister of Culture and the writer Doumbi Fakoly.

The "dansa" and the "diawoura" are traditional dances of the Khasso country. The Festival Dansa-Diawour ended in the third day of the "Mali Sadio", which commemorates the friendship between the girls of the village and a hippopotamus. In Malinké, "Mali Tchadio" means "hippopotamus which has two colors". Tchadio transformed itself into Sadio. The
hippopotamus was struck down by a French colonel during the French colonial reign.

Doumbi Fakoly
Doumbi Fakoly (January 1, 1944 – September 29, 2024) was a Malian writer. He is the author of children's literature. His work, novels and essays, mainly deals with social issues such as AIDS, religion, racism.
The Danleers
The Danleers were an American doo-wop group formed in Brooklyn, New York City, in 1958.  The group's original and most famous lineup consisted of Jimmy Weston, Johnny Lee, Willie Ephraim, Nat McCune, and Roosevelt Mays. One of many streetcorner vocal groups in Brooklyn, they rose to prominence in 1958 on the strength of the single "One Summer Night", written by their manager, Danny Webb, who also named the group. The single was one of the biggest hits of that year and sold over one million copies. Further releases were not so successful, and the group mostly dissolved by the mid-1960s. It continued to tour for several decades with Weston as the main original member.

Doo-wop
Doo-wop (also spelled doowop and doo wop) is a subgenre of rhythm and blues music that originated in African-American communities during the 1940s, mainly in the large cities of the United States, including New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Chicago, Baltimore, Newark, Detroit, Washington, D.C., and Los Angeles. It features vocal group harmony that carries an engaging melodic line to a simple beat with little or no instrumentation. Lyrics are simple, usually about love, sung by a lead vocal over background vocals, and often featuring, in the bridge, a melodramatically heartfelt recitative addressed to the beloved. Harmonic singing of nonsense syllables (such as "doo-wop") is a common characteristic of these songs. Gaining popularity in the 1950s, doo-wop was commercially viable until the early 1960s and continued to influence performers in other genres.
Koyamada
Koyamada (written: 小山田 lit. "Small hill field") is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dai Koyamada (小山田 大, born 1976), Japanese rock climber

Shin Koyamada (小山田 真, born 1982), American actor

Koyamada clan, Japanese clan

Dai Koyamada
Dai Koyamada (Japanese: 小山田大, born 23 August 1976) is a Japanese rock climber and known as one of the leading boulderers of his generation who established some of the first-ever boulder problems at 8C (V15).  He has also established and repeated, some of the hardest sport climbs in the world.
Anastasia Popova (journalist)
Anastasia Andreevna Popova (Russian: Анастасия Андреевна Попова; November 24, 1987, Moscow) is a Russian journalist who works for Russia-24. She directed a documentary The Syrian Diary about the war in Syria.

She was one of the eight flag bearers of the Olympic flag at the opening ceremony of the 2014 Winter Olympics.

Russia-24
Russia-24 (Russian: Россия-24, romanized: Rossiya-24) is a state-owned Russian-language news channel from Russia. It covers major national and international events and focuses on domestic issues. It is owned by VGTRK.
Tetseo Sisters
Tetseo Sisters are a quartet of sisters from the Northeast Indian state of Nagaland. They are devoted to the art and tradition of the vocal folk music of the state and have been performing on stage since they were children.

Sibling
A sibling is a relative that shares at least one parent with the other person. A male sibling is a brother, and a female sibling is a sister. A person with no siblings is an only child.

While some circumstances can cause siblings to be raised separately (such as foster care or adoption), most societies have siblings grow up together. This causes the development of strong emotional bonds, with siblinghood considered a unique type of relationship. The emotional bond between siblings is often complicated and is influenced by factors such as parental treatment, birth order, personality, and personal experiences outside the family.

Medically, a full-sibling is a first-degree relative and a half-sibling is a second-degree relative as they are related by 50% and 25%, respectively.
Lin An-ko
Lin An-ko (Chinese: 林安可; born May 19, 1997) is a Taiwanese professional baseball outfielder for the Saitama Seibu Lions of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). He previously played in the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) for the Uni-President 7-Eleven Lions.

Uni-President 7-Eleven Lions
The Uni-President 7-Eleven Lions, stylized as Uni-President 7-ᴇʟᴇᴠᴇn Lions, also known as Uni-Lions (Chinese: 統一7-ᴇʟᴇᴠᴇn獅), are a professional baseball team playing in the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL). The Lions are based in Tainan City, Taiwan and homefielded primarily at Tainan Municipal Baseball Stadium.

The organization is owned by Uni-President Corporation, one of Taiwan's largest conglomerates, whose subsidiary Uni-President Baseball Team Company oversees operations of the team. The Lions are the only CPBL team owned by the same parent company and played continuously since CPBL's founding season in 1990.
Noblella
Noblella is a genus of frogs in the family Strabomantidae. They are found on the eastern slopes of the Andes and in the Amazon Basin in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and western Brazil. The name refers to Gladwyn K. Noble, who described the first species.

G.K. Noble
Gladwyn Kingsley Noble (September 20, 1894 – December 9, 1940) was an American zoologist who served as the head curator for the department of herpetology and the department of experimental biology at the American Museum of Natural History. Noble received bachelor's and master's degrees from Harvard University in 1917 and 1918, respectively, and a Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1922. He joined the herpetology department in 1922 as a research assistant and assistant curator in 1917, and became the chairman of the department in 1924. He later formed the Department of Experimental Biology in 1928, and served as the chairman of both departments until his death on December 9, 1940, from a streptococcal throat infection.
Coswig (b Dresden) station
Coswig (b Dresden) station is a railway station in Coswig in the German state of Saxony. The station, which opened on 1 December 1860, is at the junction of the Borsdorf–Coswig railway, which terminates here, the Leipzig–Dresden railway, the Pirna–Coswig railway and a connecting curve from the Berlin–Dresden railway. In passenger transport it is served by Regional-Express and Regionalbahn services and by the Dresden S-Bahn. The station is classified as a cultural monument.

Leipzig–Dresden railway
The Leipzig–Dresden line is a German railway line. It was built by the Leipzig–Dresden Railway Company between 1837 and 1839. It was the first long-distance railway and the first railway using only steam traction in Germany. It also included the first standard gauge railway tunnel in continental Europe. The Dresden Leipzig railway station was the first railway station in Dresden, the capital of Saxony. It was the terminus of the Leipzig-Dresden railway.

Work to upgrade the line as German Unity Transport Project (Verkehrsprojekt Deutsche Einheit) no. 9 has been underway since 1993.  According to the federal government €1.115 billion of an estimated total cost of €1.451 billion had been invested in the project by the end of 2013 (net present value for planning, land acquisition and construction costs). Funds of €336 million were still available.
Wynnville Halt railway station
Wynnville Halt was a small railway halt located on the Shrewsbury to Chester Line less than a mile north of Ruabon station in Wales. It was opened by the Great Western Railway in 1934, to serve the newly built Wynnville housing estate, as part of its programme of opening halts to combat emerging competition from bus services.

Ruabon
Ruabon (Welsh: Rhiwabon; pronounced [r̥ɪʊˈɑːbɔn]) is a village and community in Wrexham County Borough, Wales. The name comes from Rhiw Fabon, rhiw being the Welsh word for "slope" or "hillside" and Fabon being a mutation from St Mabon, the original church name, of earlier, Celtic origin. An older English spelling, Rhuabon, can sometimes be seen.

From the mid-19th century, Ruabon became famous across the UK, for its red bricks and terracotta, which earnt the village the nickname "Terracottapolis". The local discovery of high-quality Etruria marl clay led to the rise of the Dennis Ruabon Tile Factory, whose durable and richly coloured products were used nationwide. The tiles were used in landmark projects such as Cardiff's Pier Head and Liverpool University's Victoria Building.

In 2001, more than 80% of the population of 2,400 were born in Wales, with 13.6% having some ability in Welsh.
Thieves Fall Out
Thieves Fall Out is a 1941 American comedy film directed by Ray Enright and starring Eddie Albert and Joan Leslie, with Jane Darwell, Alan Hale, Sr., William T. Orr, and John Litel in support. Written by Charles Grayson and Ben Markson, the B-film was released by Warner Bros. Pictures on May 3, 1941.

Ray Enright
Ray Enright (March 25, 1896 – April 3, 1965) was an American film director. He directed 73 films between 1927 and 1953, many of them for Warner Bros. He oversaw comedy films like Joe E. Brown vehicles, five of the six informal pairings of Joan Blondell and Glenda Farrell, and later directed a number of Westerns, many featuring Randolph Scott. Enright was born in Anderson, Indiana. He served in the U.S. Army Signal Corps in France during the First World War. Enright died in Hollywood, California, from a heart attack.
Geneva University Hospitals
The Geneva University Hospitals (French: Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, HUG) is one of the five university hospitals of Switzerland and the largest one in the country. It is one of the largest hospitals in Europe.

First founded in 1535, the creation of the HUG dates back to 1995 as a merger of all public hospitals in Geneva. The HUG operates 8 hospitals in the Canton of Geneva and 40 outpatient clinics.

Teaching hospital
A teaching hospital or university hospital is a hospital or medical center that provides medical education and training to future and current health professionals. Teaching hospitals are almost always affiliated with one or more universities and are often co-located with medical schools.

Teaching hospitals use a residency program to educate qualified physicians, podiatrists, dentists, and pharmacists who are receiving training after attaining the degree of MD, DO, DPM, DDS, DMD, PharmD, BDS, BDent, MBBS, MBChB, or BMed. Those that attend a teaching hospital or clinic practice medicine under the direct or indirect supervision of a senior medical clinician registered in that specialty, such as an attending physician or consultant. The purpose of these residency programs is to create an environment where new doctors can learn to practice medicine in a safe setting which is supervised by physicians that provide both oversight and education.
Deshawn Stephens
Deshawn Stephens (born October 9, 1989) is an American professional basketball player for Forlì 2.015 of the Basket Serie A2. He played college basketball for Santa Monica College and San Diego State before playing professionally in Japan, Turkey, France, Italy, Israel, Greece, and Romania.

Akita Northern Happinets
The Akita Northern Happinets are a Japanese professional basketball team based in Akita that competes in the Eastern Conference of the First Division of the B.League. The team was formed as an expansion team of the bj league in 2010 and found success for the first time in 2013–14, finishing their fourth season as league runners-up. They went on to finish as runners-up for the second year in a row in 2014–15 and in third place in 2015–16, the final season of the bj league.
Keith Arnold (rugby union)
Keith Dawson Arnold (1 March 1920 — 17 April 2006) was a New Zealand rugby union international.

Arnold, nicknamed "Killer", was born in Feilding and attended Cambridge High School.

A speedy flanker, Arnold played for the Hautapu club of Cambridge and took part in the 1945–46 Victory Internationals, touring Britain and France with the "Kiwis" team made up of 2nd NZEF soldiers. He was capped twice by the All Blacks on the 1947 tour of Australia and scored a try on debut in Brisbane. The following year, Arnold had the distinction of captaining Waikato. He was considered a surprise omission from the All Blacks squad for the 1949 South Africa tour.

New Zealand Expeditionary Force
The New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF) was the title of the military forces sent from New Zealand to fight alongside other British Empire and Dominion troops during World War I (1914–1918) and World War II (1939–1945). Ultimately, the NZEF of World War I became known as the First New Zealand Expeditionary Force. The NZEF of World War II was known as the Second New Zealand Expeditionary Force (2NZEF).

The 2NZEF was led by General Bernard Freyberg.
Chalford railway station
Chalford railway station was situated on the Great Western Railway's Golden Valley Line, between Swindon and Gloucester. It was just east of the bridge carrying Cowcombe Hill over the railway. To the east of the station site lies Chalford Viaduct, and beyond that, Sapperton Long Tunnel.

Sapperton Railway Tunnel
The Sapperton Railway Tunnel is a railway tunnel near Sapperton, Gloucestershire in the United Kingdom. It carries the Golden Valley Line from Stroud to Swindon through the Cotswold escarpment. It was begun by the Cheltenham and Great Western Union railway in 1839 and taken over by the Great Western Railway in 1843, being completed in 1845. There are actually two tunnels, the main one at 1 mi 104 yd (1.704 km) in length, and separated by a short gap, a second at 353 yd (323 m).
WinDirStat
WinDirStat is a free and open-source graphical disk usage analyzer for Microsoft Windows. It presents a sub-tree view with disk-use percentage alongside a usage-sorted list of file extensions that is interactively integrated with a colorful graphical display (a treemap). Created as an open-source project released under the GNU GPL, it was developed using Visual C++/MFC and distributed using GitHub. The project was inspired by SequoiaView, an application based on research done by the Visualization Section of the Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science at the Technische Universiteit Eindhoven.

Treemapping
In information visualization and computing, treemapping is a method for displaying hierarchical data using nested figures, usually rectangles.

Treemaps display hierarchical (tree-structured) data as a set of nested rectangles. Each branch of the tree is given a rectangle, which is then tiled with smaller rectangles representing sub-branches. A leaf node's rectangle has an area proportional to a specified dimension of the data. Often the leaf nodes are colored to show a separate dimension of the data.

When the color and size dimensions are correlated in some way with the tree structure, one can often easily see patterns that would be difficult to spot in other ways, such as whether a certain color is particularly prevalent. A second advantage of treemaps is that, by construction, they make efficient use of space. As a result, they can legibly display thousands of items on the screen simultaneously.
Philip Henrik Hansteen
Philip Henrik Hansteen (30 March 1817 – 13 June 1911) was a Norwegian judge.

He was born in Moss, and graduated as a Candidate of Law in 1840. From 1840 to 1842 he was a deputy judge in Moss District Court. Notably, he participated in what was probably Norway's last sentencing to pillory. He later served as district stipendiary magistrate of Sør-Østerdal District Court from 1854 to 1869, then of Solør District Court from 1869 to 1879. In 1879 he became a Supreme Court Assessor, first extraordinary, then permanent.

Pillory
The pillory is a device made of a wooden or metal framework erected on a post, with holes for securing the head and hands, used during the medieval and renaissance periods for punishment by public humiliation and often further physical abuse. The pillory is related to the stocks.
Blazed grating
A blazed grating – also called echelette grating (from French échelle = ladder) – is a special type of diffraction grating. It is optimized to achieve maximum light efficiency in a given diffraction order. For this purpose, maximum optical power is concentrated in the desired diffraction order while the residual power in the other orders (particularly the zeroth) is minimized. Since this condition can only exactly be achieved for one wavelength, it is specified for which blaze wavelength the grating is optimized (or blazed). The direction in which maximum efficiency is achieved is called the blaze angle and is the third crucial characteristic of a blazed grating directly depending on blaze wavelength and diffraction order.

Optical power
In optics, optical power (also referred to as dioptric power, refractive power, focal power, focusing power, or convergence power) is the degree to which a lens, mirror, or other optical system converges or diverges light. It is equal to the reciprocal of the focal length of the device; high optical power corresponds to short focal length. The SI unit for optical power is the inverse metre (m−1), which is also called a dioptre (symbol: dpt or D) when used as a unit of optical power.
1988–89 Coppa Italia
The 1988–89 Coppa Italia was the 42nd Coppa Italia, the major Italian domestic cup. The competition was won by Sampdoria, who defeated Napoli 4–1 on aggregate in a two-legged final played at Stadio San Paolo (Napoli's home venue) and Stadio Giovanni Zini (neutral venue due to unavailability of Sampdoria's Stadio Luigi Ferraris home venue).

Stadio Luigi Ferraris
44°24′59″N 8°57′9″E﻿ / ﻿44.41639°N 8.95250°E﻿ / 44.41639; 8.95250

The Stadio Luigi Ferraris, also known as the Marassi from the name of the neighbourhood where it is located, is a multi-use stadium in Genoa, Italy. The home of Genoa CFC and UC Sampdoria football clubs, it opened in 1911 and is the oldest stadium still in use for football and other sports in Italy. Aside from football, the stadium has hosted meetings of rugby in the Italian national rugby team and, more rarely, some concerts.

The stadium is named after Luigi Ferraris (1887–1915), an Italian footballer, engineer and soldier who died during WWI.