hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Hope, Arkansas)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church is a parish of the Episcopal Church in Hope, Arkansas, in the Diocese of Arkansas. The congregation was founded in the late 1870s, and celebrated its first service on April 2, 1879. It was established as a parish on September 7, 1880.

It is noted for its historic parish church at 3rd and Elm Streets. The simple wood-frame Gothic Revival church was built in 1904–5, though it was not until March 28, 1909, when it was consecrated, by Bishop William Montgomery Brown. It has a modified T shape, with a gabled vestibule area on the north facade. Its stained glass windows are believed to have been designed by Louis Comfort Tiffany. The pipe organ was installed in 1915. The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

Louis Comfort Tiffany
Louis Comfort Tiffany (February 18, 1848 – January 17, 1933) was an American artist and designer who worked in the decorative arts and is best known for his work in art glass, especially stained glass and Favrile glass. He is associated with the art nouveau and aesthetic art movements. He was affiliated with a prestigious collaborative of designers known as the Associated Artists, which included Lockwood de Forest, Candace Wheeler, and Samuel Colman. Tiffany designed stained glass windows and lamps, glass mosaics, blown glass such as vases, ceramics, jewelry, enamels, and metalwork. Glass work by Tiffany Studios is known as Tiffany glass. He was the first design director at his family company, Tiffany & Co., founded by his father Charles Lewis Tiffany.
Palmyra (modern)
Palmyra (/ˌpɑːl-maɪrə/; Arabic: تَدْمُر, romanized: Tadmur; Palmyrene: 𐡶𐡣𐡬𐡥𐡴 Tadmor) is a city in central Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate. It is located in an oasis in the middle of the Syrian Desert 215 kilometres (134 mi) northeast of Damascus and 180 kilometres (110 miles) southwest of the Euphrates River. The ruins of ancient Palmyra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, are situated about 500 metres (1⁄3 mile) southwest of the modern city centre. Relatively isolated, the nearest localities include Arak to the east, Al-Sukhnah further to the northeast, Tiyas to the west and al-Qaryatayn to the southwest.

Homs Governorate
Homs Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة حمص Muḥāfaẓat Ḥimṣ) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in central Syria. It has 42,226 km2 (16,304 sq mi).It is geographically the largest governorate in Syria. Homs Governorate has a population of 1,763,000 as of 2010. The Homs governorate is divided into six administrative districts (mantiqah), with the city of Homs as a separate district. Homs is the capital city of the district of Homs. Its governor is Namir Habib Makhlouf.
Linda Diane Barnes
L. Diane Barnes obtained her Ph.D. in History at West Virginia University and is an associate professor at Youngstown State University. She is the editor-in-chief of the academic journal Ohio History. Barnes is married to Benjamin Barnes.

She is the author, editor or co-editor of several books:

The Irish in Youngstown and the Greater Mahoning Valley, Arcadia, 2004. ISBN 0-7385-3218-5

Artisan Workers in the Upper South : Petersburg, Virginia, 1820-1865, Louisiana State University Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-8071-3313-2

The Old South’s Modern Worlds : Slavery, Region, and Nation in the Age of Progress, with Brian Schoen and Frank Towers. Oxford University Press, 2011. ISBN 978-0-19-538401-7

Frederick Douglass : Reformer and Statesman, Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group, 2013. ISBN 978-0-415-89111-0

Frederick Douglass : a Life in Documents, University of Virginia Press, 2013. ISBN 978-0-8139-3435-8

Louisiana State University Press
The Louisiana State University Press (LSU Press) is a university press at Louisiana State University. Founded in 1935, it publishes works of scholarship as well as general interest books. LSU Press is a member of the Association of University Presses.

LSU Press publishes approximately 70 new books each year and has a backlist of over 2000 titles. Primary fields of publication include southern history, southern literary studies, Louisiana and the Gulf South, the American Civil War and military history, roots music, southern culture, environmental studies, European history, foodways, poetry, fiction, media studies, and landscape architecture. In 2010, LSU Press merged with The Southern Review, LSU's literary magazine, and the company now oversees the operations of this publication.

Domestic distribution for the press is currently provided by the University of North Carolina Press's Longleaf Services.
The Boroughs
The Boroughs is an upcoming American science fiction television series created by Jeffrey Addiss and Will Matthews and produced by The Duffer Brothers. It is slated to premiere on Netflix on May 21, 2026.

Eric Edelstein
Eric Edelstein (born 1977) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for playing the role of Bobby Mallison in Shameless, B.O.B. in the Monsters vs. Aliens television adaptation, Chad in Clarence, and Grizzly "Grizz" in We Bare Bears.

He also had a supporting role in the 2015 horror film Green Room, plays a paddock supervisor in Jurassic World,  and voiced the character Richard Brynn in the game Before Your Eyes.
Lincoln Correctional Facility
Lincoln Correctional Facility was a United States minimum-security men's prison located at 31–33 West 110th Street in Manhattan, New York, facing the north side of Central Park. It was used primarily as a work-release center for drug offenders; however, around 5% of the roughly 275 inmates it housed were white collar criminals, sometimes for work release.

White-collar crime
The term "white-collar crime" refers to financially motivated, nonviolent or non-directly violent crime committed by individuals,  businesses and government professionals. The crimes are believed to be committed by middle- or upper-class individuals for financial gains.  It was first defined by the sociologist Edwin Sutherland in 1939 as "a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of their occupation". Typical white-collar crimes could include wage theft, fraud, bribery, Ponzi schemes, insider trading, labor racketeering, embezzlement, cybercrime, copyright infringement, money laundering, identity theft, and forgery. White-collar crime overlaps with corporate crime.
Paulo Skaf
Paulo Antônio Skaf (born August 7, 1955) is a Brazilian entrepreneur and politician, who previously served as President of the Federation of Industries of the State of São Paulo (FIESP) and the President of the Center of Industries of the State of São Paulo (CIESP), both industrial interest groups and corporate trade unions. Skaf primarily works in real estate and construction.

Skaf ran for governor of São Paulo three times, each time losing in the first round to a member of the PSDB. His best showing was in 2014, when he achieved second place in the first round against Geraldo Alckmin, but won no municipalities.

Affiliated to Republicans of incumbent Governor Tarcísio de Freitas, Skaf previously was a member of the Brazilian Socialist Party and the Brazilian Democratic Movement. Both Skaf and de Freitas are noted allies of Gilberto Kassab, the former Mayor of Sao Paulo.

2014 São Paulo gubernatorial election
The São Paulo gubernatorial election was held on 5 October 2014 to elect the next governor of the state of São Paulo. If no candidate had received more than 50% of the vote, a second-round runoff election would have been held on 26 October. Incumbent Governor Geraldo Alckmin won re-election in the first round.
Max Noether's theorem on curves
In algebraic geometry, Max Noether's theorem on curves is a theorem about curves lying on algebraic surfaces, which are hypersurfaces in P3, or more generally complete intersections. It states that, for degree at least four for hypersurfaces, the generic such surface has no curve on it apart from the hyperplane section. In more modern language, the Picard group is infinite cyclic, other than for a short list of degrees. This is now often called the Noether-Lefschetz theorem.

Complete intersection
In mathematics, an algebraic variety V in projective space is a complete intersection if the ideal of V is generated by exactly codim V elements. That is, if V has dimension m and  lies in projective space Pn, there should exist n − m homogeneous polynomials:

in the homogeneous coordinates Xj, which generate all other homogeneous polynomials that vanish on V.

Geometrically, each Fi defines a hypersurface; the intersection of these hypersurfaces should be V. The intersection of n − m hypersurfaces will always have dimension at least m, assuming that the field of scalars is an algebraically closed field such as the complex numbers. The question is essentially, can we get the dimension down to m, with no  extra points in the intersection? This condition is fairly hard to check as soon as the codimension n − m  ≥ 2. When n − m = 1 then V is automatically a hypersurface and there is nothing to prove.
Marungapuri block
Marungapuri block and Marungapuri Taluk is a revenue block and taluk in the Tiruchirappalli district of Tamil Nadu, India. It has a total of 49 panchayat villages. Marungapuri taluk's jurisdictional areas include Marungapuri,  Thuvarankurichi and Valanadu firkas. The taluk office is functioning temporarily at T. Kallupatti, about three kilometers away from Marungapuri, on the Tiruchi-Madurai National Highway. Marungapuri taluk has a population of about 1.41 lakh in an area of about 445 square km and the Manapparai taluk has about 2.63 lakh in 544.36 square km. The taluk falls under the jurisdiction of Srirangam Revenue Divisional Office (RDO).

Revenue block
Revenue blocks, revenue circles, firka, or patwar circles are the local revenue sub-divisions of the various districts of the states of India. The revenue blocks exist to simplify local administration, and each consists of a small number of revenue villages, governed by a revenue inspector. The revenue inspector is charged with a number of key administrative roles, most notably the identification and collection of tax revenue. Sometimes the land area in a revenue circle is identified as an inspector land revenue circle for administrative purposes. While revenue blocks may be as large as or larger than a tehsildar, revenue circles are generally smaller. In the state of Tamil Nadu alone, there are 1,349 revenue blocks.
Plasma diffusion
Due to the presence of charged particles in plasma, plasma diffusion significantly differs from diffusion of gas or liquid. Even in the absence of externally applied fields, the interaction between the positive (ions) and negative (usually, electrons) plasma particles results in ambipolar diffusion with the diffusion coefficient that is dissimilar to that of either electron or ion species separately if the interaction is neglected.

Plasma diffusion across a magnetic field is an important topic in magnetic confinement of fusion plasma. It especially concerns how plasma transport is related to the strength of an external magnetic field B. Classical diffusion predicts the 1/B2 scaling, while Bohm diffusion, borne out of experimental observations from early confinement machines, was conjectured to follow the 1/B scaling. It is still an area of active research.

Charged particle
In physics, a charged particle is a particle with an electric charge. For example, some elementary particles, like the electron or quarks are charged. Some composite particles like protons are charged particles.  An ion, such as a molecule or atom with a surplus or deficit of electrons relative to protons are also charged particles.

A plasma is a collection of charged particles, atomic nuclei and separated electrons, but can also be a gas containing a significant proportion of charged particles.

Charged particles are labeled as either  positive (+) or negative (-). The designations are arbitrary. Nothing is inherent to a positively charged particle that makes it "positive", and the same goes for negatively charged particles.
2020 European Open
The 2020 European Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the fifth edition of the European Open and part of the ATP Tour 250 series of the 2020 ATP Tour. It took place at the Lotto Arena in Antwerp, Belgium, from October 19 to October 25.

ATP 250 tournaments
The ATP 250 tournaments are the lowest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments on the main ATP Tour, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, and ATP 500 tournaments. The winners of each tournament are awarded 250 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2026, the series included 30 tournaments after the retirement of four tournaments (Atlanta, Córdoba, Lyon and Metz), the downgrade of two in 2025 (Estoril for a year, and Newport) and the upgrade of three tournaments to the 500 level (Dallas, Doha and Munich). Draws usually consist of 28 for singles, with Brisbane International (32) and Winston-Salem Open (48) being the only exceptions. Doubles draws consist of 16 teams.

Thomas Muster holds the record for most singles titles at 26, while Mike Bryan holds the record for most doubles titles won with 46.
1998 TFL Statewide League season
The 1998 TFL Statewide League season was the 115th season of the TFL Statewide League (TSFSL), the highest-level senior Australian rules football competition in Tasmania. This was the final season under the TSFSL name (also known as the Chickenfeed Super League because of a sponsorship agreement with Chickenfeed). The season began on 4 April and concluded on 20 September, comprising an 18-match home-and-away season, followed by a four-week finals series.

The North Launceston Robins renamed themselves as the Northern Bombers from this season and a new club, Southern Districts Cats were admitted into the competition from this season.

Attendance
Attendance is the concept of people, individually or as a group, appearing at a location for a previously scheduled event. Measuring attendance is a significant concern for many organizations, which can use such information to gauge the effectiveness of their efforts and to plan for future efforts.
Here We Stand (Cock Sparrer album)
Here We Stand, released in November 2007, is the 6th studio album by English punk rock band Cock Sparrer. Recorded by former Vibrators bassist, Pat Collier, and mixed by Rancid's Lars Frederiksen and Michael Rosen, the album is the band's first new material for ten years. In addition to the 14-track CD version, the album was also released on vinyl as a picture disc. The tracks "Will You?" and "So Many Things" were omitted to improve the overall sound quality.

A 7-inch picture disc single, limited to 1000 copies, was released at the same time. It contained "Too Late" (the album's opening song), and a rerecorded version of "Because You're Young" exclusive to the picture disc single.

Lars Frederiksen
Lars Erik Frederiksen (born Lars Erik Dapello, August 30, 1971) is an American musician and record producer best known as a guitarist and vocalist for the punk rock band Rancid, as well as the frontman of Lars Frederiksen and the Bastards and the Old Firm Casuals. In addition, he currently plays guitar in Oxley's Midnight Runners, Stomper 98, and the Last Resort. He was also briefly a member of the UK Subs in 1991.

Frederiksen  joined Rancid in 1993 after the band was searching for a second guitar player and was present on their second album, Let's Go. He has produced albums for bands such as Dropkick Murphys, Agnostic Front, the Business, Swingin' Utters, Marky Ramone and the Intruders, Anti-Heros, Pressure Point, and the Forgotten, among others. He mixed GBH's 2010 album entitled Perfume and Piss, as well as Cock Sparrer's 2007 album, Here We Stand, both alongside Michael Rosen.
Hon kommer med solsken
Hon kommer med solsken (She comes with sunshine) is a song written by Larry Forsberg, Lennart Wastesson and Sven-Inge Sjöberg.  Swedish folk music band Östen med Resten performed this song at Melodifestivalen 2002, where it finished on 10th place. It peaked at 38th place on Sverigetopplistan and the B-side consisted of a cover version of Vikingarna's Till mitt eget Blue Hawaii. The song has also been placed on Svensktoppen, with 2nd place as the best, 6 April–3 August 2002, but failed on 10 August.

Vikingarna (band)
Vikingarna is a Swedish dansband formed in Karlstad in 1958. It is the best-selling dansband, and one of the best-selling artists, in Scandinavia and is often regarded as the greatest dansband to have existed. At the time of its 2004 dissolution it had  sold more than 11 million records.
De Vries–Rose law
The De Vries–Rose law or Rose–de Vries law is a principle of vision science named after Hessel de Vries and Albert Rose. De Vries discovered it in 1943 from considerations of quantum efficiency, and Rose developed the idea substantially a few years later. The law says that for visual targets seen against a background luminance , subject to certain assumptions, the threshold contrast should be inversely proportional to  (i.e. contrast sensitivity is directly proportional to ). In reality it holds only approximately, at luminance levels between the regimes of "dark light" and Weber's Law.

Quantum efficiency
The quantum efficiency (QE) of a photodetector is a measure of its electrical response to light. Another name for it is incident photon to converted electron (IPCE) ratio.

In a charge-coupled device (CCD) or other photodetector, quantum efficiency is the ratio between the number of charge carriers collected at either terminal and the number of photons hitting the device's photoreactive surface. As a ratio, QE is dimensionless, but it is closely related to the responsivity, which is expressed in amps per watt. Since the energy of a photon is inversely proportional to its wavelength, QE is often measured over a range of different wavelengths to characterize a device's efficiency at each photon energy level. For typical semiconductor photodetectors, QE drops to zero for photons whose energy is below the band gap. A photographic film typically has a QE of much less than 10%, while CCDs can have a QE of well over 90% at some wavelengths.
Zviahel
Zviahel (Ukrainian: Звягель, IPA: [ˈzʲwʲɑɦelʲ]; Yiddish: זוויל, romanized: Zvil) is a city in Zhytomyr Oblast, northern Ukraine. The city serves as the administrative center of Zviahel Raion (district). According to a 2025 estimate, its population was approximately 54,3 thousand inhabitants.

The city is located on the main route that links Lviv to Kyiv (E40). It is located on the Sluch River, which forms the eastern border of Volhynia.

European route E40 in Ukraine
European route E 40 (E 40) is a west–east European route, running from the port of Calais in France to Altai Mountains near Ridder in Kazakhstan.

In Ukraine, the highway runs through northern regions from the Polish border near Krakovets through Lviv, Zhytomyr, Kyiv, Poltava, Kharkiv, and Luhansk to the Russian border near Izvaryne.
Radhika Nagpal
Radhika Nagpal is an Indian-American computer scientist and researcher in the fields of self-organising computer systems, biologically-inspired robotics, and biological multi-agent systems. She is currently the Norman R. Augustine '57*59 Professor in Robotics in the Departments of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Computer Science at Princeton University.

MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) is a research institute at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) formed by the 2003 merger of the Laboratory for Computer Science (LCS) and the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (AI Lab). Housed within the Ray and Maria Stata Center, CSAIL is the largest on-campus laboratory as measured by research scope and membership. It is part of the Schwarzman College of Computing but is also overseen by the MIT Vice President of Research.
Peyman Givi
Peyman Givi (Persian: پیمان گیوی) is a Persian-American rocket scientist and engineer.

Givi currently serves as a Distinguished Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and the James T. McLeod Professor at the University of Pittsburgh, and previously was Distinguished Professor of Aerospace Engineering at State University of New York.

He is an Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), American Academy of Mechanics (AAM), American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), American Physical Society (APS), American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), and the Combustion Institute.

His research interests include thermal-fluid sciences, numerical methods, applied mathematics, random data analysis, stochastic processes, and quantum computing.

The Combustion Institute
The Combustion Institute is an educational non-profit, international, scientific and engineering society whose purpose is to promote research in combustion science. The institute was established in 1954, and its headquarters are in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. The current president of The Combustion Institute is Hai Wang (2024 - Present).
Russian Space Research Institute
The Russian Space Research Institute (Russian: Институт космических исследований Российской академии наук, romanized: Institut kosmicheskikh issledovaniy Rossiyskoy akademii nauk, lit. 'Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences'; SRI RAS, Russian abbreviation: ИКИ РАН, IKI RAN) is the leading organization of the Russian Academy of Sciences on space exploration to benefit fundamental science. It was formerly known as the Space Research Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Russian abbr.: ИКИ АН СССР, IKI AN SSSR). It is usually known by the shorter name Space Research Institute and especially by the initialism IKI.

The institute is located in Moscow with a staff of 289 scientists. It conducts scientific research in the fields of astrophysics, planetary science, solar physics, Sun-Earth relations, cosmic plasma, and geophysics. IKI also develops and tests space technologies in collaboration with the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Federal Space Agency.

Space technology
Space technology is technology for use in outer space. Space technology includes space vehicles such as spacecraft, satellites, space stations and orbital launch vehicles; deep-space communication; in-space propulsion; and a wide variety of other technologies including support infrastructure equipment, and procedures.

Many common everyday services for terrestrial use such as weather forecasting, remote sensing, satellite navigation systems, satellite television, and some long-distance communications systems critically rely on space infrastructure. Of the sciences, astronomy and Earth science benefit from space technology. New technologies originating with or accelerated by space-related endeavors are often subsequently exploited in other economic activities.
Lugela Valley
The Lugela Valley is a valley in the country of Georgia formed by the Khobistsqali  river. It is part of the Chkhorotsqu Municipality. Lugela Valley  is known for mineral waters with a reputation for medicinal properties and contains the Shuru Ghumu (Always Dark in the Megrelian language), the 3rd largest cave in the Caucasus. The valley has various recreational sites including picnic sites and swimming holes.

The nearby village of Ganarjiis Mukhuri is used by visitors to the valley and has a hotel.

Chkhorotsqu Municipality
Chkhorotsqu or Chkhorotsku (Georgian: ჩხოროწყუს მუნიციპალიტეტი, Çxoroċqus municiṗaliṫeṫi) is a district of Georgia, in the region of Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti. Its main town is Chkhorotsqu.

Population: 22,309 (2014 census)

Area: 619 km2