hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
From Negative Stereotype to Positive Image
From Negative Stereotype to Positive Image was a 1993 photographic exhibition of work by four Birmingham photographers: Sir Benjamin Stone (1838–1914), Ernest Dyche (1887–1973), Vanley Burke (born 1951) and Claudette Holmes (born 1962). The exhibition was one of the first to explore debates about photography, anthropology and the representation of race. It was shown at Birmingham Central Library before touring to other venues in the United Kingdom and United States.

The exhibition contained photographs taken between the 1890s and the 1990s, and related them to other material artefacts of the time. It brought out contrasts between the photographic practices of the 'imperial gaze' and more recent photodocumentary of Black British people in Birmingham.

Birmingham Central Library holds an archive of material relating to the exhibition.

Gaze
The gaze (French: le regard), in the figurative sense, is an individual's (or a group's) awareness and perception of other individuals, other groups, or oneself. Since the 20th century, the concept and the social applications of the gaze have been expanded by phenomenologist, existentialist, and post-structuralist philosophers. Jean-Paul Sartre described the gaze (or the look) in Being and Nothingness (1943). Michel Foucault, in Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (1975), developed the concept of the gaze to illustrate the dynamics of socio-political power relations and the social dynamics of society's mechanisms of discipline. Jacques Derrida, in The Animal That Therefore I Am (More to Come) (1997), elaborated upon the inter-species relations that exist among human beings and other animals, which are established by way of the gaze.
Puijo tower
The Puijo tower is an observation tower at the top of Puijo hill in Kuopio, Eastern Finland. Opened in 1963, the tower is 75 metres (246 ft) tall and has a revolving restaurant with 100 seats. It was the first tower with a revolving restaurant in the Nordic countries. The restaurant was an inspiration to Erkki Lindfors, the mayor of Tampere, who got the idea to build a similar one in his home town, resulting in the Näsinneula tower, which opened in 1971. The current Puijo tower has been visited by over 5.5 million tourists.

The current tower is the third overall. When it was completed on 27 July 1963, the second one, built in 1906, was dismantled. The first tower was built in 1856. On the western side of the tower there are three ski jumping hills.

Revolving restaurant
A revolving restaurant or rotating restaurant is a tower restaurant designed to rest atop a broad circular revolving platform that operates as a large turntable. The building remains stationary and the diners are carried on the revolving floor. Such restaurants are often located on upper stories of hotels, communication towers, and skyscrapers.

Revolving restaurants and the prices of their dishes have been subject to ridicule.: 11–12
Southeastern United States
The Southeastern United States, also known as the American Southeast or simply the Southeast, is a geographical region of the United States located in the eastern portion of the Southern United States and the southern portion of the Eastern United States. The region includes a core of states that reaches north to Maryland and West Virginia, bordering the Ohio River and Mason–Dixon line, and stretches west to Arkansas and Louisiana.

There is no official U.S. government definition for the region, and it is defined variably among agencies and organizations.

Cummings Research Park
Cummings Research Park, located primarily in the city of Huntsville, Alabama is the second largest research park in the United States and the fourth largest in the world. It has a mixture of Fortune 500 companies, local and international high-tech enterprises, U.S. space and defense agencies, business incubators and competitive higher-education institutions. CRP is the home of 300 companies, more than 26,000 employees and 13,500 students. The Park's major industries are aerospace, defense, engineering, biotechnology, advanced manufacturing, software development, information technology and cybersecurity.

Cummings Research Park was voted as the Most Outstanding Science Park in the World in 1997 by the Association of University Research Parks. In 2017, it was presented with the Developing Communities of Innovation award.
Conner O'Malley
Conner O'Malley (born December 20, 1986) is an American comedian, actor, writer, and filmmaker. He has appeared in Broad City, Joe Pera Talks with You, and I Think You Should Leave with Tim Robinson, and produces videos on YouTube. For his work on Late Night with Seth Meyers, he received three Writers Guild of America Awards nominations.

Writers Guild of America Awards
The Writers Guild of America Awards is an award for film, television, and radio writing including both fiction and non-fiction categories given by the Writers Guild of America, East and Writers Guild of America West since 1949.
When the Girl in Your Arms Is the Girl in Your Heart
"When the Girl in Your Arms Is the Girl in Your Heart" is a 1961 hit by Cliff Richard written by the songwriting team of Sid Tepper and Roy C. Bennett who would contribute fifteen songs to the Cliff Richard canon including his career record "The Young Ones". Produced by Richard's regular producer Norrie Paramor, "When the Girl in Your Arms..." featured backing by the Norrie Paramor Orchestra. Richard's own group the Shadows backed him on the B-side "Got a Funny Feeling".

Roy C. Bennett
Roy C. Bennett (August 12, 1918 – July 2, 2015) was an American songwriter known for the songs he wrote with Sid Tepper, which spawned several hits for Elvis Presley. Between 1945 and 1970, Tepper and Bennett published over 300 songs.
Great-circle navigation
Great-circle navigation or orthodromic navigation (related to orthodromic course; from Ancient Greek  ορθός (orthós) 'right angle' and  δρόμος (drómos) 'path') is the practice of navigating a vessel (a ship or aircraft) along a great circle. Such routes yield the shortest distance  between two points on the globe.

Radian
The radian, denoted by the symbol rad, is the unit of angle in the International System of Units (SI) and is the standard unit of angular measure used in many areas of mathematics. It is defined such that one radian is the angle subtended at the center of a plane circle by an arc that is equal in length to the radius. The unit is defined in the SI as the coherent unit for plane angle, as well as for phase angle. Angles without explicitly specified units are generally assumed to be measured in radians, especially in mathematical writing.
Luis García (outfielder)
Luis Carlos García (born September 22, 1975) is a Mexican former Major League Baseball outfielder who played with the Baltimore Orioles in 2002. He made the team's Opening Day roster, but was optioned to the Rochester Red Wings on April 12 after playing in two games without a plate appearance. He was recalled a month later on May 17. Garcia played for the Dorados de Chihuahua of the Mexican League in 2010.

Dorados de Chihuahua
The Dorados de Chihuahua (English: Chihuahua Goldens) are a professional baseball team in the Mexican League based in Chihuahua City, Chihuahua. Their home ballpark is the Estadio Chihuahua.

Established in 1940, the Dorados have played in the Mexican League in four stints: in 1940, from 1973 to 1981, from 2007 to 2010, and most recently in 2024.
Kempele railway station
Kempele is a railway station in the municipality of Kempele, near Oulu, Finland. It was opened in 1886 together with the railway to Oulu. The station building, designed by a Finnish architect Knut Nylander was built in 1884 and later expanded in 1904. The track was electrified in 1983, but the station closed on May 27, 1990.

On September 26, 2013, the Finnish Transport Agency and the municipality of Kempele signed a contract to build a new platform and reopen the station. The platform was built in 2015 and services resumed in 2016.

Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency
The Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency (Finnish: Väylävirasto, Swedish: Trafikledsverket), shortened to FTIA, is a Finnish government agency responsible for the maintenance of Finland's road, rail, and waterway systems. The agency's annual budget is 2.1 billion euros. The parent organization is the Ministry of Transport and Communications.
Neutron Science Laboratory
The Neutron Science Laboratory (NSL) is situated within the North Campus of the University of Michigan and houses various neutron and gamma-ray sources and a range of nuclear radiation detection equipment. The laboratory is an integral part of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences (NERS) department at the University of Michigan (U-M) and is managed by the Applied Nuclear Science Group. The laboratory was renovated in 2017 with a specific goal to accommodate the use of a new DT neutron generator (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Model P211) in various open-beam configurations. NSL provides convenient access to high-fidelity monoenergetic and broad-energy neutron sources for basic research, nuclear security and nonproliferation, and other experimental needs.

Basic research
Basic research, also called pure research, fundamental research, basic science, or pure science, is a type of scientific research with the aim of improving scientific theories for better understanding and prediction of natural or other phenomena.  In contrast, applied research uses scientific theories to develop technology or techniques, which can be used to intervene and alter natural or other phenomena. Though often driven simply by curiosity, basic research often fuels the technological innovations of applied science. The two aims are often practiced simultaneously in coordinated research and development.

In addition to innovations, basic research serves to provide insights and public support of nature, possibly improving conservation efforts. Technological innovations may influence engineering concepts, such as the beak of a kingfisher influencing the design of a high-speed bullet train.
Robergea
Robergea is a genus of fungi within the family Stictidaceae.

The genus was circumscribed by Jean-Baptiste Henri Joseph Desmazières in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser.3, vol.8 on page 177 in 1847.

The genus name of Robergea is in honour of Michel Robert Roberge (1791–1864), who was a French botanist and mycologist. He taught as a teacher at various girls' schools in Caen.

Jean Baptiste Henri Joseph Desmazières
Jean Baptiste Henri Joseph Desmazières (10 July 1786 in Lille – 23 June 1862 in Lambersart) was a merchant of Lille and an amateur mycologist. He was the editor of the scientific journals "Annales des sciences naturelles" and the "Bulletin de la société des sciences de Lille".

He was creator of the exsiccatae series "Plantes cryptogames du Nord de la France" (1825–1851) and "Plantes cryptogames de France" (1853–1861). In 1827 he published a treatise on the genus Mycoderma, titled "Recherches microscopiques et physiologiques sur le genre Mycoderma".

He was the binomial author of the fungi species Agaricus radians  and Aspergillus clavatus.
Nandigam Suresh
Nandigam Suresh is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, lower house of the Parliament of India from Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh in the 2019 Indian general election as a member of the YSR Congress Party.

YSR Congress Party
The Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party (lit. 'Youth, Labour, and Farmer Congress Party', YSRCP or YCP), often shortened to simply the YSR Congress Party, is an Indian regional political party based in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The party was initially registered with Election Commission of India by Kolishetti Shiva Kumar. Thereafter, the party was taken over by its current president, Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, having served as the state's chief minister from 2019-2024. It currently has 4 seats in the Lok Sabha.
Fantasy trope
A fantasy trope is a specific type of literary trope (recurring theme) that occurs in fantasy fiction. Worldbuilding, plot, and characterization have many common conventions, many of them having ultimately originated in myth and folklore. J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium (and in particular, The Lord of the Rings) for example, was inspired from a variety of different sources including Germanic, Finnish, Greek, Celtic and Slavic myths. Literary fantasy works operate using these tropes, while others use them in a revisionist manner, making the tropes over for various reasons such as for comic effect, and to create something fresh (a method that often generates new clichés).

Plot device
A plot device or plot mechanism
is any technique in a narrative used to move the plot forward.

A clichéd plot device may annoy the reader and a contrived or arbitrary device may confuse the reader, causing a loss of the suspension of disbelief. However, a well-crafted plot device, or one that emerges naturally from the setting or characters of the story, may be entirely accepted, or may even be unnoticed by the audience.
Alejandra Guzman En Vivo
Alejandra Guzmán En Vivo is the second live album recorded by Mexican singer Alejandra Guzmán. A DVD with the full concert was also released. The only new track included is a version of "Wild Thing" by Chip Taylor.

Wild Thing (The Troggs song)
"Wild Thing" is a song written by American songwriter Chip Taylor and popularized by the British rock band the Troggs. It was originally recorded and released by the American rock band the Wild Ones in 1965, but it did not chart. The following year, the Troggs' version peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart and topped the charts in the United States. Their version of "Wild Thing" was ranked at number 257 on the Rolling Stone magazine's 2004 list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.  It has also been performed by many other musicians.
1974 Minnesota Vikings season
The 1974 season was the Minnesota Vikings' 14th in the National Football League (NFL). They won the NFC Central with a 10–4 record, before defeating the St. Louis Cardinals 30–14 in the NFC divisional playoff game, followed by a 14–10 win over the Los Angeles Rams to claim their second consecutive NFC championship. The Vikings then lost 16–6 to the Pittsburgh Steelers in Super Bowl IX at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana, becoming the first team to lose consecutive Super Bowls.

1974 St. Louis Cardinals (NFL) season
The 1974 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 55th year with the National Football League and the 15th season in St. Louis. The Cardinals scored 285 points while the defense gave up 218 points, en route to the NFC East Championship.

The 10–4 Cardinals qualified for the postseason for the first time since 1948 when the franchise was based in Chicago. It was the team's first winning season since 1970 when the Cardinals went 8–5–1. Although the Cardinals and the Washington Redskins finished with identical 10–4 records, the Cardinals won the NFC East title, because of their two victories over Washington that season.

The Cardinals won their first seven games, and were at least tied for first place from Week One to the end of the regular season.

The Cardinals would not start a season with a 7–0 record again until 2021. By then, they would be based in Arizona.
23rd Filmfare Awards South
The 23rd Filmfare Awards South ceremony honoring the winners of the best of South Indian cinema in 1975 is an event held in centenary auditorium Madras on 6 June 1976.

The chief guests were Tamil Nadu governor K. K. Shah & director B. N. Reddy.

B.N. Reddi
Bommireddi Narasimha Reddy (16 November 1908 – 8 November 1977), professionally known as B. N. Reddy, was an Indian film director, producer, and screenwriter. He was an early figure in the Telugu cinema. Many of his earlier films like Vande Mataram (1939), Devatha (1941) had V. Nagayya as the lead. His Malliswari (1951) starring N. T. Rama Rao and Bhanumathi is considered a timeless Indian film classic. Reddi was the first film personality to receive the Dadasaheb Phalke Award from South India the highest honorary award of Indian cinema. He was awarded India's third highest civilian honour the Padmabhushan, and the Doctor of Letters.
An-Najih
An-Najih (Arabic: النجيح) is a village in southern Syria, administratively part of the Izraa District in the Daraa Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), An-Najih had a population of 603 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.

Izraa District
Izraa District (Arabic: منطقة إزرع, romanized: minṭaqat Izraʿ) is a district (mintaqah) administratively belonging to Daraa Governorate, Syria. At the 2004 Census it had a population of 246,915. Its administrative centre is the city of Izraa.
HMS Norman
HMS Norman was a Repeat Admiralty M-class destroyer that served in the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M class was an improvement on those of the preceding L class, capable of higher speed. Norman had a largely uneventful war. Joining the Fourteenth Destroyer Flotilla of the Grand Fleet in 1916, the vessel was soon involved in an exercise that involved most of the dreadnoughts of the First and Third Battle Squadrons but did not take part in any fleet actions with Germany. In 1917, the destroyer was a participant in anti-ship and anti-submarine patrols, but, once again, the ship did not engage any enemy warships. After the Armistice that ended the war, Norman was initially put in reserve and then sold in 1921 to be broken up.

Anti-surface warfare
Anti-surface warfare (ASuW or ASUW) is the branch of naval warfare concerned with the suppression of surface combatants. More generally, it is any weapons, sensors, or operations intended to attack or limit the effectiveness of an adversary's surface ships. Before the adoption of the submarine and naval aviation, all naval warfare consisted of anti-surface warfare. The distinct concept of an anti-surface warfare capability emerged after World War II, and literature on the subject as a distinct discipline is inherently dominated by the dynamics of the Cold War.
Euphorbia terracina
Euphorbia terracina, commonly known as the Geraldton carnation weed and False caper, is a species of perennial herb in the family Euphorbiaceae. It has a self-supporting growth form and simple, broad leaves. Flowers are visited by Lipotriches brachysoma, Lipotriches natalensis, Lipotriches crassula, and Nomia bouyssoui. It produces small, three lobed fruits, with each lobe containing one seed.

Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae (/juːˈfɔːrbiˌeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of the type genus of the family. Most spurges, such as Euphorbia paralias, are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as Hevea brasiliensis. Some, such as Euphorbia canariensis,: 206  are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution. This family has a cosmopolitan global distribution. The greatest diversity of species is in the tropics; however, the Euphorbiaceae also have many species in nontropical areas of all continents except Antarctica.
Palaung State Liberation Front
The Palaung State Liberation Front (Burmese: ပလောင်ပြည်နယ်လွတ်မြောက်ရေးတပ်ဦး; abbreviated PSLF) is a political organization and armed group in Myanmar. Its armed wing is the Ta'ang National Liberation Army (TNLA).

Namhsan
Namhsan (Burmese: နမ့်ဆန်မြို့; Palaung: Om-yar; Chinese: 南散), also spelt Nam Hsan, Namsan, or Nam San, is the capital of the Pa Laung Self-Administered Zone and Namhsan Township in northern Shan State, Myanmar (formerly Burma). The town is a popular starting point for trekking to Hsipaw.

Besides its Palaung residents, the town is also populated by Karen, Lisu, and Shan ethnic tribal groups, as well as Indian and Chinese residents.
Arne Ekeberg
Arne Ekeberg (born 1925) is a Norwegian judge and civil servant.

Ekeberg was born in Fusa Municipality and graduated from the University of Oslo with a cand.jur. degree in 1950. After one year as a junior solicitor, he worked in the Ministry of Local Government from 1952 to 1956. During this period, he also had brief tenures as deputy judge in Hardanger District Court and secretary for the County Governor of Hordaland.

From 1956 to 1976, Ekeberg was a chief administrative officer of Sogn og Fjordane County Municipality. He was also acting County Governor of Sogn og Fjordane from 1971 to 1976, as the person who originally had been appointed, Ingvald Ulveseth, had to serve as a cabinet member. From 1976 to his retirement in 1995, Ekeberg was the district stipendiary magistrate of Sogn District Court. He filled in as an auxiliary judge in Gulating Court of Appeal between 1995 and 1998.

He resides in Leikanger Municipality.

Sogn og Fjordane County Municipality
Sogn og Fjordane County Municipality (Norwegian: Sogn og Fjordane fylkeskommune) was the regional governing administration of the old Sogn og Fjordane county in Norway. The county municipality was established in its current form on 1 January 1976 when the law was changed to allow elected county councils in Norway. The county municipality was dissolved on 1 January 2020, when Sogn og Fjordane was merged with the neighboring Hordaland county, creating the new Vestland county which is led by the Vestland County Municipality.

The main responsibilities of the county municipality included the running of 12 upper secondary schools with 4,500 pupils. It also oversaw the county roadways, public transport, dental care, culture, and cultural heritage.
Gravel Switch, Kentucky
Gravel Switch is an unincorporated community within Marion County, Kentucky, United States.  It is located along Kentucky Route 243, just south of its intersection with U.S. Route 68, southwest of Perryville and northeast of Bradfordsville.

A post office was established in the community in 1870, and it was named for a valuable gravel deposit to which the local railroad directed a railway track. on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad Lebanon Branch

The community is near Penn's Store, the oldest general store in Kentucky, geographically located in nearby Boyle County.

Perryville, Kentucky
Perryville (/ˈpɛrɪvəl, -vɪl/) is a home rule-class city along the Chaplin River in western Boyle County, Kentucky, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, Perryville had a population of 782. It is part of the Danville Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Northmoor Hill Wood
Northmoor Hill Wood is an 8.7 hectares (21 acres) Local Nature Reserve in Denham in Buckinghamshire. It is also of geological interest.

The western area near the entrance has wet clay flora, with alder woodland, sedges, rushes, yellow archangel and star of Bethlehem orchids. Geologically, this is Reading Formation, dating to the Tertiary period. The eastern part is chalk, and an old chalk quarry exposes layers dating to the Cretaceous period.

There is access from Tilehouse Lane opposite Denham Aerodrome, and the site has a car park.

Angraecum sesquipedale
Angraecum sesquipedale (/ˌsɛskwɪpɪˈdeɪliː/), also known as Darwin's orchid, Christmas orchid, Star of Bethlehem orchid, and king of the angraecums, is an epiphytic orchid in the genus Angraecum endemic to Madagascar. The orchid was first discovered by the French botanist Louis-Marie Aubert du Petit-Thouars in 1798, but was not described until 1822. It is noteworthy for its long spur and its association with the naturalist Charles Darwin, who surmised that the flower was pollinated by a then undiscovered moth with a proboscis whose length was unprecedented at the time. Darwin's prediction went unverified for 21 years after his death, until just such a moth was discovered and his conjecture vindicated. The story of its postulated pollinator has come to be seen as one of the celebrated predictions of the theory of evolution.