hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
39th United States Colored Infantry Regiment
The 39th United States Colored Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The regiment was composed of African American enlisted men commanded by white officers and was authorized by the Bureau of Colored Troops which was created by the United States War Department on May 22, 1863.

Bureau of Colored Troops
The Bureau of Colored Troops was created by the United States War Department on May 22, 1863, under General Order No. 143, during the Civil War, to handle "all matters relating to the organization of colored troops." Major Charles Warren Foster was chief of the Bureau, which reported to Adjutant General Lorenzo Thomas. The designation United States Colored Troops replaced the varied state titles that had been given to the African-American soldiers.
Gordon Stobbe
Gordon Stobbe (/ˈstoʊbi/ STOH-bee; born 1945–46) C.M is a Canadian fiddler, multi-instrumentalist, and composer based in Seaforth, Nova Scotia. Stobbe was born in Saskatchewan, but has made his home on the East Coast of Canada since 1977. His musical interests and passion lie in the field of Canadian traditional music, especially as it is expressed in a wide variety of fiddle styles. He plays several instruments, including fiddle, mandolin, guitar, clawhammer banjo, piano, accordion and percussion.

Seaforth, Nova Scotia
Seaforth is a community of the Halifax Regional Municipality in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. Seaforth is home to the Hope For Wildlife Society, an organisation dedicated to helping injured wild animals. The community was named for Seaforth, Merseyside, in England.
Sargun Kaur Luthra
Sargun Kaur Luthra is an Indian television and film actress. She is known for portraying Niyati Khanna in Tantra, and the dual portrayal of Dr. Preesha Khurana and Dr. Nayantara Iyer in Yeh Hai Chahatein.

Star Bharat
Star Bharat is an Indian Hindi-language general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Viacom18 and Disney India. It was launched on 28 August 2017, rebranded from Life OK. The channel broadcasts a mix of original programming, including mythological dramas, crime thrillers, family dramas, and comedy shows, targeting a broad Hindi-speaking audience in India. Notable shows that have aired on the channel include RadhaKrishn, Savdhaan India, Nimki Mukhiya, Kya Haal, Mr. Paanchal? and Jiji Maa.

Star One was rebranded as Life OK in India on 18 December 2011. It was then rebranded again on 28 August 2017 as Star Bharat.

Star Bharat rebranded with a new logo and graphics package on 25 July 2022, during the finale of the scripted reality show Swayamvar – Mika Di Vohti. The new slogan was Dil Deke Dekho Zara (Give Your Heart Away and See).
Black Duck Creek (Manitoba)
Black Duck Creek is a stream in the Northern Region of Manitoba, Canada. It is in the Hudson Bay drainage basin and is a right tributary of the Minago River.

Black Duck Creek begins at Black Duck Lake and travels east, then north before reaching its mouth at Drunken Lake, which drains via the Minago River and the Nelson River to Hudson Bay.

Northern Manitoba
Northern Manitoba (also known as NorMan or Nor-Man) is a geographic and cultural region of the Canadian province of Manitoba. Manitoba originally encompassed only a small square around the Red River Colony, but it was extended north to the 60th parallel in 1912, thus acquiring a large northern region. The region's specific boundaries vary, as "northern" communities are considered to share certain social and geographic characteristics, regardless of latitude.
Cola clavata
Cola clavata is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae. It is native to Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Somalia, and Tanzania. In Mozambique it is found in the coastal forests of Zambezia and Sofala.

It is affected by habitat loss from the destruction of its native forests by human-caused fires and conversion to agriculture. Only small patches of undisturbed forest remain.

Malvaceae
Malvaceae (/mælˈveɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include cacao, cola, cotton, okra, roselle and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea (hollyhock), Malva (mallow), and Tilia (lime or linden tree). The genera with the largest numbers of species include Hibiscus (434 species), Pavonia (291 species), Sida (275 species), Ayenia (216 species), Dombeya (197 species), and Sterculia (181 species).
Alessandro Besozzi
Alessandro Besozzi (born 22 July 1702 in Parma – died 26 July 1793 in Turin) was an Italian composer and virtuoso oboist. He was a member of the ducal Guardia Irlandese from 1714, a hautboy band created by Antonio Farnese, Duke of Parma in 1702, where he worked with his father Cristoforo Besozzi and his brothers Giuseppe and Paolo Girolamo Besozzi. After leaving the company on 20 April 1731, he worked in Turin with his brother Paolo Girolamo at the court of Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia.

The uncle of Antonio Besozzi and Gaetano Besozzi, he played concerts in various European cities with his younger brother Paolo. They went to Paris to play in the Concert Spirituel from 30 March to 29 May 1735, taking part for a time in the musical chapel of Versailles. He also gave singing lessons, met many important personalities of the musical world throughout Europe, and had many students who became successful musicians themselves like Johann Christian Fischer and Georg Druschetzky.

Antonio Farnese
Antonio Farnese (29 November 1679 – 20 January 1731) was the eighth and final Farnese Duke of Parma and Piacenza. He married, in 1727, Enrichetta d'Este of Modena with the intention of begetting an heir. The marriage, however, was childless, leading to the succession of Charles of Spain, whose mother, Elisabeth Farnese, was Antonio's niece, to the ducal throne.
Ravilja Salimova
Ravilja Salimova, also known as Ravilja Prokopenko (8 September 1941 – 3 July 2019) was an Uzbek basketball player who played in the Soviet Union women's national basketball teams which won the European women's basketball championship in 1962, 1964, 1966, and 1968 and the 1964 FIBA World Championship for Women.

She was born in Shoʻrchi of the Surxondaryo Region, and died in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

EuroBasket Women 1968
The 1968 European Women Basketball Championship, commonly called EuroBasket Women 1968, was the 11th regional championship held by FIBA Europe. The competition was held in Italy. Soviet Union (with 16 years old 7footer Uljana Semjonova) easily won the gold medal and Yugoslavia the silver medal while Poland won the bronze.
Derek C. Angus
Derek Calder Angus (born 1962) is an American-based, British medical scientist, whose work focuses on clinical, epidemiologic and translational studies of sepsis, pneumonia, multisystem organ failure and the organization and delivery of critical care services.

Scottish-born and trained, but associated with the University of Pittsburgh since 1989, he is currently that institution's Distinguished Professor and holder of the Mitchell P. Fink Chair at the Department of Critical Care Medicine.

In June 2020, Dr. Angus was appointed as the first UPMC Chief Healthcare Innovation Officer (CHIO). He has been an editor for JAMA since 2007.

University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
UPMC is an American integrated global nonprofit health enterprise that has 100,000 employees, 40 hospitals with more than 8,000 licensed beds, 800 clinical locations including outpatient sites and doctors' offices, a 3.8 million-member health insurance division, as well as commercial and international ventures. It is closely affiliated with its academic partner, the University of Pittsburgh.  It is considered a leading American health care provider, as its flagship facilities have ranked in U.S. News & World Report "Honor Roll" of the approximately 15 to 20 best hospitals in the U.S. for over 15 years.

As of 2016, its flagship hospital UPMC Presbyterian was ranked 12th nationally among the best hospitals (and first in Pennsylvania) by U.S. News & World Report and ranked in 15 of 16 specialty areas when including UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital. This does not include UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh which ranked in the top 10 of pediatric centers in a separate US News ranking.
Martinsburg Junction, Pennsylvania
Martinsburg Junction is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Blair County, Pennsylvania, United States. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

The CDP is in southeastern Blair County, in the northwestern part of North Woodbury Township. It is in the Morrisons Cove region of the county, one-half mile west of the borough of Martinsburg.

Martinsburg, Pennsylvania
Martinsburg is a borough in the Morrisons Cove section of Blair County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,874 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Altoona, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Fenton Coles
Fenton George Coles (born 14 September 1937) was a Welsh rugby union player. A wing, Coles played club rugby initially for his home town club of Blaenavon before switching to Pontypool RFC. In 1960 he was part of a joint Cross Keys/Pontypool team to face a touring South Africa team and that year saw Coles selected for Wales playing three games in the 1960 Five Nations Championship. During the 1964–65 season he was made captain of the Pontypool first team.

Cross Keys RFC
Cross Keys RFC (Welsh: Clwb Rygbi Pont-y-Cymer) is a rugby union club located in the Welsh village of Crosskeys. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union, and is a feeder club for the Dragons regional team.
Kinokawa Station
Kinokawa Station (紀ノ川駅, Kinokawa-eki) is a junction passenger railway station located in the city of Wakayama, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Nankai Electric Railway.

Nankai Electric Railway
Nankai Electric Railway Co., Ltd. (南海電気鉄道株式会社, Nankai denki tetsudō kabushiki gaisha) is a private railway in Japan, founded in 1884. The name Nankai (which means "South Sea") comes from the company's routes along the Nankaidō, the old highway that ran south from the old capital, Kyoto, along the sea coast. Nankai predates all the electric railways in the Tokyo region.

The Nankai network branches out in a generally southern direction from Namba Station in Osaka. The Nankai Main Line connects Osaka to Wakayama, with an important spur branching to Kansai International Airport. The rapi:t α express connects Kansai International Airport to Namba in 34 minutes, while the rapi:t β takes 39 minutes with two additional stops. The Koya Line connects Osaka to Mt. Koya, headquarters of the Buddhist Shingon sect and a popular pilgrimage site. IC cards (PiTaPa and ICOCA) are accepted.
Change and Reform bloc
The Change and Reform bloc was a bloc in the Parliament of Lebanon that represented the Free Patriotic Movement and its allies, including the Marada Movement, the Tachnag Party, the Lebanese Democratic Party, and several independent deputies.

The bloc was formed in June 2005 at the end of the 2005 parliamentary elections with 21 deputies. It was headed by General Michel Aoun and was then in opposition to the government of Fouad Siniora and the March 14 alliance from 2005 to 2008. The parliamentary bloc included 27 deputies since the Lebanese legislative elections of 2009. In June 13, 2011, it was part of the Mikati government with 10 ministerial portfolios being a member of the parliamentary majority. In 2015, leadership of the Free Patriotic Movement was given to Gebran Bassil.

The Change and Reform bloc was succeeded by the Strong Lebanon bloc after the 2018 elections.

2005 Lebanese general election
General elections were held in Lebanon in May and June 2005 to elect the 128 members of the Parliament of Lebanon. They were the first elections in thirty years without a Syrian military or intelligence presence in Lebanon. These elections were the first in Lebanese history to be won outright by a single electoral block and were also the first to be monitored by the United Nations.
Igangan
Igangan is a town in Ibarapa North Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Its neighbouring towns are Ayete and Tapa.

On June 5 2021, this town came into prominence for attacks by unknown assailants, which according to Premium Times Nigeria, claimed the lives of 26people.

These killings attracted the condemnation of key leaders of the South West region in Nigeria including Governor Rotimi Akeredolu of Ondo State as well as Oduduwa Republic agitator, Sunday Igboho.

The zip code for Igangan is 201007.

Ibarapa North
Ibarapa North is a Local Government Area in Oyo State, Nigeria. It was created in 1996 from old Ifeloju L.G. Its headquarters are in the town of Ayete. Other notable towns in the LG are Tapa and Igangan. Each of the towns has quite a number of villages. The current chairman is Lateef Adebayo Lawal (PDP).

The major markets within the LG include Ajise, Obada, Alaagbaa, Alabi, Konko, Oja-Isale Oke Ola etc.

It has an area of 1,218 km2 (470 sq mi) and a population of 101,092 at the 2006 census, consisting of the Ibarapa people, a Yoruba sub-ethnic grouping with major occupation been farming.

The postal code of the area is 201.
Trump (dog)
Trump (c. 1730 – c. 1745) was a pug owned by English painter William Hogarth. He included the dog in several works, including his 1745 self-portrait Painter and his Pug, held by the Tate Gallery. In the words of the Tate's display caption, "Hogarth's pug dog, Trump, serves as an emblem of the artist's own pugnacious character."

National Maritime Museum
The National Maritime Museum (NMM) is a maritime museum in Greenwich, London. It is part of Royal Museums Greenwich, a network of museums in the Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site. Like other publicly funded national museums in the United Kingdom, it has no general admission charge; there are admission charges for most side-gallery temporary exhibitions, usually supplemented by many loaned works from other museums.
Rear admiral (Sweden)
Rear admiral (RAdm) (Swedish: Konteramiral, Kam) is a two-star commissioned naval officer rank in the Swedish Navy. Rear admiral ranks above rear admiral (lower half) and below vice admiral. Rear admiral is equivalent to the rank of major general.

Shoulder mark
A shoulder mark, also called a rank slide or slip-on, is a flat cloth sleeve worn on the shoulder strap of a uniform. It may bear rank or other insignia. A shoulder mark should not be confused with a shoulder board (an elaborate shoulder strap), a shoulder knot (a braided type of shoulder board), or an epaulette, although these terms are often used interchangeably.
Regorafenib
Regorafenib, sold under the brand name Stivarga among others, is an oral multi-kinase inhibitor developed by Bayer which targets angiogenic, stromal and oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK). Regorafenib shows anti-angiogenic activity due to its dual targeted VEGFR2-TIE2 tyrosine kinase inhibition. Since 2009 it was studied as a potential treatment option in multiple tumor types. By 2015 it had two US approvals for advanced cancers.

VEGF receptor
VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) are receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). There are three main subtypes of VEGFR, numbered 1, 2 and 3. Depending on alternative splicing, they may be membrane-bound (mbVEGFR) or soluble (sVEGFR).

Inhibitors of VEGFR are used in the treatment of cancer.
Shimazaki
Shimazaki (written: 島崎, 島﨑 or 嶋崎) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aki Shimazaki (born 1954), Canadian writer and translator

Haruka Shimazaki (島崎 遥香, born 1994), Japanese idol and singer

Kyoko Shimazaki (島崎 京子, born 1972), Japanese speed skater

Miyuki Shimazaki (島崎 みゆき, born 1974), Japanese volleyball player

Nobunaga Shimazaki (島﨑 信長, born 1988), Japanese voice actor

Ryo Shimazaki (島崎 竜, born 1997), Japanese footballer

Shigekazu Shimazaki (嶋崎 重和, 1908–1945), Imperial Japanese Navy admiral

Tōson Shimazaki (島崎 藤村, 1872–1943), pen-name of Shimazaki Haruki, Japanese writer

Shimazaki Masaki (島崎 正樹, 1834–1886), Japanese nativist

Aki Shimazaki
Aki Shimazaki (born 1954 in Gifu, Japan) is a Canadian novelist and translator. She moved to Canada in 1981, living in Vancouver and Toronto. Since 1991 she has lived in Montreal, where she teaches Japanese and publishes her novels in French.

Her second novel, Hamaguri, won the Prix Ringuet in 2000. Her fourth, Wasurenagusa, won the Canada-Japan Literary Prize in 2002. Her fifth, Hotaru, won the 2005 Governor General's Award for French fiction. Her books have been translated in English, Japanese, German, Hungarian, Italian and Russian.
Aspergillus rhizopodus
Aspergillus rhizopodus is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Clavati section. The species was first described in 1975. A. rhizopodus has been reported to produce pseurotins, dehydrocarolic acid, tryptoquivalines, tryptoquivalones, kotanins, and cytochalasins.

Cytochalasin
Cytochalasins are fungal metabolites that have the ability to bind to actin filaments and block polymerization and the elongation of actin. As a result of the inhibition of actin polymerization, cytochalasins can change cellular morphology, inhibit cellular processes such as cell division, and even cause cells to undergo apoptosis. Cytochalasins have the ability to permeate cell membranes, prevent cellular translocation and cause cells to enucleate. Cytochalasins can also have an effect on other aspects of biological processes unrelated to actin polymerization. For example, cytochalasin A and cytochalasin B can also inhibit the transport of monosaccharides across the cell membrane, cytochalasin H has been found to regulate plant growth, cytochalasin D inhibits protein synthesis and cytochalasin E prevents angiogenesis.
Ne'ot Hovav
Ne'ot Hovav (Hebrew: נאות חובב, lit. 'Abodes of Hovav'), formerly Ramat Hovav, is an industrial zone in southern Israel and the site of Israel's main hazardous waste disposal facility. Ramat Hovav Industrial Zone is the locus of 19 chemical factories, including Makhteshim Agan, a pesticide plant; Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, a pharmaceuticals plant; Israel Chemicals, a bromine plant.

In July 2022, Erez Badash was appointed as the head of the local council.

Hazardous waste
Hazardous waste is waste that must be handled properly to avoid damaging human health or the environment. Waste can be hazardous because it is toxic, reacts violently with other chemicals, or is corrosive, among other traits. As of 2022, humanity produces 300–500 million metric tons of hazardous waste annually. Some common examples are electronics, batteries, and paints. An important aspect of managing hazardous waste is safe disposal. Hazardous waste can be stored in hazardous waste landfills, burned, or recycled into something new. Managing hazardous waste is important to achieve worldwide sustainability. Hazardous waste is regulated on national scale by national governments as well as on an international scale by the United Nations (UN) and international treaties. A controlled waste is subject to legislative control in its handling or its disposal.
1991 New Jersey Senate election
The 1991 New Jersey Senate election was held on November 5. The election took place mid-way through the term of Governor James Florio. The results were a landslide victory for the Republican Party amidst a tax revolt by New Jersey voters. Democrats picked up only one seat, that of Senator Lee B. Laskin in District 6. Republicans picked up eleven Democrat seats, winning control of the Senate for the first time since 1974. Republicans flipped districts 4, 7, 10, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 30, 36, and 38.

This was the first election after the 1990 census. Two years later, Governor Florio narrowly lost re-election to Christine Todd Whitman. As of 2026, this remains the largest total number of seats held by the Republican Party and the largest number of seats gained by the Republican Party in a single election since the current districting scheme was introduced in 1973. This remains the last time the Republicans or any party held a veto-proof majority in the chamber.

C. William Haines
C. William Haines (November 2, 1928 – December 18, 1996) was an American Republican Party politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from the 8th Legislative District from 1982 to 1985 and in the New Jersey Senate from 1985 until his death in 1996.

He died of cancer on December 18, 1996, in Mount Laurel, New Jersey at age 68.
Armen Orujyan
Armen Orujyan (born 15 February 1974) is an Armenian-American entrepreneur, an architect of innovation ecosystems and the Founder and CEO of Curio Ventures.  He founded the youth entrepreneurship platform Athgo and served as its chairman for almost two decades.  In 2012 he was appointed co‑chair of the United Nations’ Global Alliance for Information and Communication Technologies and Development (GAID) and joined the UN Broadband Commission for Digital Development as a commissioner.  In 2017 he became the founding chief executive officer of the Foundation for Armenian Science and Technology (FAST), a non‑profit organisation working to develop Armenia's science and technology ecosystem.  Orujyan served as FAST's CEO until 2025, when he joined its board of trustees.

Global Alliance for Information and Communication Technologies and Development
The Global Alliance for Information and Communication Technologies and Development (also known as Global Alliance for ICT and Development or GAID) is a subgroup or continuation of the United Nations Information and Communication Technologies Task Force. GAID was launched by the United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan in 2006, at the end of his tenure.
Joseph Chambers (politician)
Joseph Chambers (1815 – 16 July 1884) was an English-born Australian politician.

He was born in Portsmouth and worked as a solicitor before entering politics. On 25 November 1843 he married Mary Jane Way; his second marriage, on 13 October 1873, was to widow Mary Kelly. He had five children with Mary Jane Way; George Chambers, Bladgen Chambers, Josephine Mary Chambers, Mary Chambers, and Preston Chambers.

He was nominated on June 16th, 1859 and the Polling was on June 18th. He won the vote 210 to 131 against his opponent James Dickson. He was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for East Maitland at the 1859 election, but his seat was declared vacant two months later on his appointment as Crown Prosecutor at Quarter Sessions, allocated to the Western District.

Chambers died at East Maitland in 1884 (aged 68–69).

District Court of New South Wales
The District Court of New South Wales is the intermediate court in the judicial hierarchy of the Australian state of New South Wales. It is a trial court and has an appellate jurisdiction. In addition, the Judges of the Court preside over a range of tribunals. In its criminal jurisdiction, the Court may deal with all serious criminal offences except murder, treason and piracy. The Court's civil jurisdiction is generally limited to claims less than A$1,250,000.

The District Court has had its current structure since reforms during 1973 which created a single court with a statewide criminal and civil jurisdiction. The Chief Judge of the District Court, since 2014, is the Honourable Justice Sarah Huggett.