hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oh Jea-han
Oh Jea-Han (born (1991-04-12)April 12, 1991 in Namyangju) is a South Korean bobsledder.

Oh competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for South Korea. He teamed with driver Kim Dong-Hyun, Kim Sik and Kim Kyung-Hyun in the South Korea-2 sled in the four-man event, finishing 28th.

Oh made his World Cup debut in December 2013. As of April 2014, his best World Cup finish is 25th, in 2013-14 at Lake Placid.

2013–14 Bobsleigh World Cup
The 2013–14 Bobsleigh World Cup was a multi-race tournament over the winter season for bobsleigh, organised by the FIBT, which also organised in parallel the 2013–14 Skeleton World Cup. The season started on 30 November 2013 in Calgary, Canada, and ended on 26 January 2014 in Königssee, Germany.
Rafika Nurtazina
Rafika Bekenkyzy Nurtazina (Kazakh: Рафиқа Бекенқызы Нұртазина, romanized: Rafïqa Bekenqızı Nurtazïna; 8 March 1921 - 1 April 2013) was a Kazakh and Soviet school teacher who was named as a Hero of Socialist Labor in 1968.

Hero of Socialist Labour
The Hero of Socialist Labour (Russian: Герой Социалистического Труда, romanized: Geroy Sotsialisticheskogo Truda) was an honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It represented the highest degree of distinction in the USSR and was awarded for exceptional achievements in Soviet industry and culture. It provided a similar status to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, which was awarded for heroic deeds, but differed in that it was not awarded to foreign citizens.
Thomas Bouhail
Thomas Bouhail (born 3 July 1986 in Montfermeil, Seine-Saint-Denis) is a French gymnast of Algerian descent. He won a silver medal in vault at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

In December 2011, just a few months before the 2012 Summer Olympics, Bouhail suffered a fractured tibia and fibula following a fall during a training session. Later it was revealed that the injury was more serious than it was first thought as it also affected his knee ligaments and the sciatic nerve, which led to complications and Bouhail had to undergo 15 operations in six weeks to have his leg saved. The surgical intervention was successful, however, it is unsure whether he can ever return to competitive gymnastics. Bouhail has personally announced the end of his gymnastics career and is now a gymnastics trainer.

Sciatic nerve
The sciatic nerve, also called the ischiadic nerve, is a large nerve in humans and other vertebrate animals. It is the largest branch of the sacral plexus and runs alongside the hip joint and down the lower limb. It is the longest and widest single nerve in the human body, going from the top of the leg to the foot on the posterior aspect. The sciatic nerve has no cutaneous branches for the thigh. This nerve provides the connection to the nervous system for the skin of the lateral leg and the whole foot, the muscles of the back of the thigh, and those of the leg and foot. It is derived from spinal nerves L4 to S3. It contains fibres from both the anterior and posterior divisions of the lumbosacral plexus.
Saeed Qazaz
Saeed Qazaz-Salih also known as Saeed al-Qazaz was a leading politician from Iraq's noble class. He was born in 1904 into a aristocratic family of land barons in the Khurmatu District of Iraq. In 1924 he became a Secretary to Captain Lane, Mufti of the British Administration in Sulaymaniyah until the Fourteenth of July Revolution. He has held several administrative positions, including the director of Tanjaro district, governor of Halabja and Zakho, governor of Erbil, Kut, Kirkuk and Mosul. He was also the Iraqi Interior Minister during the monarchy. After the revolution, Abdulkarim Qasim surrendered to the revolution and was taken prisoner. He held a social circle with Faisal II.

His famous saying is often repeated in Iraq: “When he walks towards the gallows and death is near, he sees many people under his feet who do not deserve to live”. Saeed Qazaz did not publicly belong to any political party or group.

Zakho
Zakho, also spelled Zaxo (Kurdish: زاخۆ, romanized: Zaxo or Zaco, Syriac: ܙܵܟ݂ܘܿ, romanized: Zāḵō, Armenian: Զախո, Arabic: زاخو, Lishanid Noshan: זאכו, romanized: Zāxo) is a city in Kurdistan Region, Iraq, at the centre of the Zakho District of the Dohuk Governorate, located a few kilometers from the Ibrahim Khalil border crossing. Zakho is known for its celebrations of Newroz.

The population of the town rose from about 30,000 in 1950 to 350,000 in 1992 due to Kurds fleeing from other areas of the country.

The original settlement may have been on a small island in the Little Khabur river, which flows west through the modern city to form the border between Iraq and Turkey, continuing into the Tigris. Other important rivers in the area are the Zeriza and the Seerkotik.
Vivien Spitz
Vivien Spitz (1924 – April 1, 2014), born Vivien Ruth Putty, was an American court reporter at the Nuremberg trials after World War II. From 1972 to 1982, she was Chief Reporter of Debates in the United States House of Representatives.

Court reporter
A court reporter, court stenographer, or shorthand reporter is a person whose occupation is to capture the live testimony in proceedings using a stenographic machine or a stenomask, thereby transforming the proceedings into an official certified transcript by nature of their training, certification, and usually licensure. This can include courtroom hearings and trials, depositions and discoveries, sworn statements, and more.
Abd al-Rahman ibn Muljam
Abd al-Rahman ibn Amr ibn Muljam al-Muradi (Arabic: عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَن ابْنُ عَمْرِو ابْنُ مُلْجَم الْمُرَادِيّ, romanized: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muljam al-Murādī), commonly known simply as Ibn Muljam, was a Kharijite dissident known primarily for assassinating ‘Alī ibn Abi Talib, the fourth caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate and the first Imam of the Shia Imamate.

After the death of Ali ibn Abi Talib, his first son Hasan Ibn Ali caught Ibn Muljam and executed him in Kufa, the same location where Ali-Ibn Talib was assassinated.

Imamate in Shia doctrine
In Shia Islam, the Imamah (Arabic: إمامة) is a doctrine which asserts that certain individuals from the lineage of the Islamic prophet Muhammad are to be accepted as leaders and guides of the ummah after the death of Muhammad. Imamah further says that Imams possess divine knowledge and authority (Ismah) as well as being part of the Ahl al-Bayt, the family of Muhammad. These Imams have the role of providing commentary and interpretation of the Quran as well as guidance.
Clarendon, Quebec
Clarendon is a municipality in the Outaouais region, part of the Pontiac Regional County Municipality, Quebec, Canada. It is located on the north shore of the Ottawa River across from Horton Township in Ontario.

Its settlements include Clarendon, North Clarendon, Charteris, Lawn, Murrell, Radford, Sand Bay, Starks Corners, and Yarm. The town of Shawville is surrounded by, but not part of, Clarendon.

Largely cleared of forests, Clarendon is a predominantly agricultural municipality, with an elevation of 167 meters (548 ft) above sea level. The only notable lake is Green Lake, which is surrounded by cottages.

Pontiac Regional County Municipality
Pontiac (French pronunciation: [pɔ̃tjak]) is a regional county municipality in the Outaouais region of Quebec, Canada. Campbell's Bay is the county seat. It should not be confused with the municipality of Pontiac, which is located in the neighbouring Les Collines-de-l'Outaouais Regional County Municipality. For the electoral district see Pontiac (federal electoral district).
Order of Industrial Service Merit
The Order of Industrial Service Merit (Korean: 산업훈장; Hanja: 産業勳章) is an order of merit of South Korea (the Republic of Korea). It is presented to individuals and businesses who have contributed to the development of industry and the national economy.

Before the Order of Science and Technology Merit was established, the Order of Industrial Service Merit had been bestowed to scientists and technologists.

Order of merit
An order of merit is an honorific order that is conferred by a state, government, royal family, or other sovereign entity to an individual in recognition of military or civil merit. The historical background of the modern honours system of orders of merit may be traced to the emergence of chivalric orders during the Middle Ages.

Orders of merit may be bestowed as official awards by states, or as dynastic orders by royal families. In the case of modern republics, an order of merit may constitute the highest award conferred by the state authority.
Bodhchandra Singh
Maharaja Bodhchandra Singh or Bodhachandra Singh (1908–1955) was the last ruler of the princely state of Manipur under the British Raj as well as the Dominion of India. He ruled between 1941 and 15 October 1949. During his term, India was decolonised by the British, receiving independence in August 1947. The Maharaja presided over a transition to democracy, passing the Manipur State Constitution Act 1947, and he signed an Instrument of Accession, joining India on 11 August 1947. In 1949, a few months before India became a republic, he signed a merger agreement, whereby Manipur became an integral part of India governed by the Constitution of India. He was granted a privy purse of Rs. 300,000 per annum.

Instrument of Accession
The Instrument of Accession was a legal document first introduced by the Government of India Act 1935 and used in 1947 to enable each of the rulers of the princely states under British paramountcy to join one of the new dominions of India or Pakistan created by the Partition of British India.

The instruments of accession executed by the rulers, provided for the accession of states to the Dominion of India (or Pakistan) on three subjects, namely, defence, external affairs and communications.
Non-uniform discrete Fourier transform
In applied mathematics, the non-uniform discrete Fourier transform (NUDFT or NDFT) of a signal is a type of Fourier transform, related to a discrete Fourier transform or discrete-time Fourier transform, but in which the input signal is not sampled at equally spaced points or frequencies (or both). It is a generalization of the shifted DFT. It has important applications in signal processing, magnetic resonance imaging, and the numerical solution of partial differential equations.

As a generalized approach for nonuniform sampling, the NUDFT allows one to obtain frequency domain information of a finite length signal at any frequency. One of the reasons to adopt the NUDFT is that many signals have their energy distributed nonuniformly in the frequency domain. Therefore, a nonuniform sampling scheme could be more convenient and useful in many digital signal processing applications. For example, the NUDFT provides a variable spectral resolution controlled by the user.

Applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, social science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models.

In the past, practical applications have motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics.
Australian Journal of Management
The Australian Journal of Management is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal that covers research in accounting, applied economics, finance, industrial relations, political science, psychology, statistics, and other disciplines in relation to their application to management. The journal was established in 1976 and is published by SAGE Publications in association with the Australian School of Business. The editor-in-chief is Andrew Jackson (University of New South Wales). The founding editor was Ray J. Ball.

UNSW Business School
The UNSW Business School at the University of New South Wales is a business school located in Sydney, Australia.  The school offers 42 programs, including 26 undergraduate and 26 specialist master's degrees, as well as six MBA and executive programs through the Australian Graduate School of Management.

It was named the Australian School of Business (ASB), between 2007 and 2014.
Northwest Airlink Flight 5719
Northwest Airlink Flight 5719 was a flight from Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport to International Falls Airport in International Falls, Minnesota with a scheduled intermediate stop at Chisholm-Hibbing Airport in Hibbing, Minnesota. On December 1, 1993, the Jetstream 31, operated by Express Airlines II as Northwest Airlink, collided with a group of trees in a forest during final approach to Hibbing, and crashed into two ridges northwest of the airport, killing all sixteen passengers and the two pilots on board.

International Falls, Minnesota
International Falls (sometimes referred to as I-Falls) is a city in and the county seat of Koochiching County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 5,802 at the time of the 2020 census.

International Falls is located on the Rainy River directly across from Fort Frances, Ontario, Canada. The two cities are connected by the Fort Frances–International Falls International Bridge. Voyageurs National Park is located 11 miles east of International Falls. There is a major U.S. Customs and Border Protection Port of Entry on the International Falls side of the toll bridge and a Canadian Customs entry point on the north side of the bridge.

International Falls is nicknamed the "Icebox of the Nation", with an average of 109.4 days per year with a high temperature below 32 °F (0 °C).
Society for Army Historical Research
The Society for Army Historical Research is a learned society, founded in 1921 to foster "interest in the history and traditions of British and Commonwealth armies, and to encourage research in these fields." It is one of the oldest societies of its kind. Past members include notable British Field Marshals Wavell, Auchinleck and Templer. The current president is Lieutenant-General Sir Edward Smyth-Osbourne and Brigadier James Cook is chairman of its council. The patron of the society is Field Marshal HRH the Duke of Kent.

The society's interests embrace both army and regimental history, military antiquities and pictures, uniforms, badges and medals, arms and equipment and the history of land warfare in general. The study of campaigns, commanders and the political aspects of war are covered from the sixteenth century to the recent past.

From 2022, the society has conferred a small number of Fellowships, allowing the holder the use of the postnominals FSAHR.

Post-nominal letters
Post-nominal letters, also called post-nominal initials, post-nominal titles, designatory letters, or simply post-nominals, are letters placed after a person's name to indicate that the individual holds a position, an academic degree, accreditation, an office, a military decoration, or honour, or is a member of a religious institute or fraternity. An individual may use several different sets of post-nominal letters, but in some contexts it may be customary to limit the number of sets to one or just a few. The order in which post-nominals are listed after a name is based on rules of precedence and what is appropriate for a given situation. Post-nominal letters are one of the main types of name suffix. In contrast, pre-nominal letters precede the name rather than follow it, such as addressing a physician or professor as "Dr. Smith".
Phrynopus tribulosus
Phrynopus tribulosus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Peru and only known from its type locality near Oxapampa at 2,600 m (8,500 ft) asl, and from Santa Bárbara, in the Huancabamba District, Oxapampa, Pasco Region. It inhabits humid montane forests where individuals could be found deep within a mossy bank by day.

Department of Pasco
Pasco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpasko]; Quechua: Pasqu) is a department of Peru. It is located in the country's central highlands. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is Cerro de Pasco.
2019 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
The 2019 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 133rd edition of the GAA's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament since its establishment in 1887.

Thirty-three teams took part – thirty-one of the thirty-two Counties of Ireland, London and New York. Kilkenny, as in previous years, did not enter.

The defending champion was Dublin. In 2018 this team won a record-equalling fourth consecutive title, becoming only the fourth team to achieve this feat (the other four-in-a-row champions were Wexford in 1915–18 and Kerry in 1929–32 and 1978–81). They won the 2019 final, defeating Kerry in a replay, and became the GAA's first ever five-in-a-row All-Ireland senior champions.

New York GAA
The New York County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association, or New York GAA is one of the three county boards of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) in North America, and is responsible for Gaelic games in the New York metropolitan area. The county board is also responsible for the New York county teams.

The county football team competes in the Connacht Senior Football Championship and the Tailteann Cup.
Peter Matthews (printmaker)
Peter Jeffrey Matthews (born 29 July 1942) is a  British printmaker, former teacher at Royal College of Art (RCA) and senior lecturer at Wimbledon School of Art. Educated at Ealing School of Art, Matthews went on to assist at Editions Alecto and editioned most of David Hockney's early etchings. Matthews has also exhibited his own work extensively including at the Royal Academy of Arts (RA), Royal Watercolour Society (RWS) Gallery, and with the Royal Society of Painter-Printmakers, being elected a Fellow and later Council Member 1984–98. His work is held in a number of public collections in the UK and overseas, including the Victoria & Albert Museum (V&A); British Council;the Ashmolean Museum; Albertina Museum, Vienna; Royal Library of Belgium and the Free Library, Philadelphia.

Ealing Art College
Ealing Art College (or Ealing Technical College & School of Art) was a further education institution on St Mary's Road, Ealing, London, England. The site today is the Ealing campus of University of West London.
Rob Okun
Rob Okun is a writer-editor, activist known for his strong advocacy for the pro-feminist men's movement. He is a former executive director of the Men's Resource Center for Change (MRC), one of the earliest men's centers in North America. Okun is the editor of Voice Male, the magazine chronicling masculinities and men's engagement in the gender equity movement.
Editor of books on political art and profeminism, his work has appeared in numerous publications and websites including Women's eNews, Ms., Counterpunch, The Telegraph of London, San Diego Union-Tribune, and Dallas Morning News among others.

CounterPunch
CounterPunch is a left-wing online magazine. Content includes a free section published five days a week as well as a subscriber-only area called CounterPunch+, where original articles are published weekly. CounterPunch is based in the United States and covers politics in a manner its editors describe as "muckraking with a radical attitude".

From 1993 to 2020, CounterPunch published a newsletter, and a magazine.
J. Sidi Limehouse III
Julian Sidi Limehouse III (born December 17, 1938) is an American politician in the state of South Carolina. He served in the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1967 to 1968 and 1971 to 1972, representing Charleston County, South Carolina. He was arrested for trafficking marijuana from South America. He now works as a produce broker at a wholesale vegetable market, and as a farmer at Rosebank Farms Johns Island, South Carolina. In 1972, he ran for Congress against Mendel Davis in South Carolina's 1st congressional district.

1972 United States House of Representatives elections
The 1972 United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 7, 1972, to elect U.S. Representatives to serve in the 93rd United States Congress. This was the first election held after the 1970 United States redistricting cycle. It coincided with the landslide reelection victory of President Richard M. Nixon. Nixon's Republican Party managed to gain a net of twelve House of Representatives seats from the Democratic Party, although the Democrats retained a majority.

This was the first election in which citizens at least 18 years of age (instead of 21 and older) could vote, due to the recent passage of the 26th Amendment. This was the last time until 2022 that a Democrat would win a House seat in Alaska, and the first time since 1888 that a Republican won a House seat in Louisiana.
Ulrike Reinhard
Ulrike Reinhard (born 1960) is a German publisher, author, digital nomad and futurist. She is best known for her skatepark in Madhya Pradesh, Janwaar Castle. Reinhard has also been editor of WE Magazine and has written for Think Quarterly. Most of her work is related to network theory with the Internet at its core, focusing on interactions and the co-creation processes within a network.

Digital nomad
A digital nomad is a person who travels freely while working remotely using information and communications technology such as the Internet. Such people generally have minimal material possessions and work remotely in temporary housing, hotels, cafes, public libraries, co-working spaces, or recreational vehicles, using Wi-Fi, smartphones or mobile hotspots to access the Internet.

The majority of digital nomads describe themselves as programmers, content creators, designers, or developers. Some digital nomads are perpetual travelers, while others only maintain the lifestyle for a short period of time. While some nomads travel through multiple countries, others remain in one area, and some may choose to travel while living in a vehicle, in a practice often known as van-dwelling.

In 2023, there were 17.3 million American digital nomads, which was a 131% increase since 2019, and the number increased to 18.1 million in 2024.
Eastern Army (Japan)
The Eastern Army (東部方面隊, Tōbu Hōmentai) is one of five active Armies of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force headquartered at Camp Asaka in Asaka, Saitama Prefecture. Its responsibility is the defense of the Kantō and the Northern half of the Chūbu region.

Kantō region
The Kantō region (関東地方, Kantō Chihō; IPA: [kaꜜn.toː, kan.toː tɕiꜜ.hoː, kan.toː tɕi̥.hoꜜː]) is a geographical region of Honshu, the largest island of Japan. In a common definition, the region includes the Greater Tokyo Area and encompasses seven prefectures: Chiba, Gunma, Ibaraki, Kanagawa, Saitama, Tochigi, and Tokyo. Slightly more than 45 percent of the land area within its boundaries is the Kantō Plain. The rest consists of the hills and mountains that form land borders with other regions of Japan.

As the Kantō region contains Tokyo, the capital and largest city of Japan, the region is considered the center of Japan's politics and economy. According to the official census on October 1, 2010, by the Statistics Bureau of Japan, the population was 42,607,376, amounting to approximately one third of the total population of Japan.
Oakdale, Caerphilly
Oakdale is a large village in Caerphilly county borough, Wales, 9½ miles north of Caerphilly itself, within the historic boundaries of Monmouthshire. Situated in the Sirhowy valley, it is 1.5 miles (2.4 km) east of Blackwood, with which it forms a conurbation. At the 2001 census Oakdale had a population of 4,478.

Caerphilly County Borough
Caerphilly County Borough (Welsh: Bwrdeistref Sirol Caerffili) is a county borough in the south-east of Wales. It is governed by Caerphilly County Borough Council.

Its main and largest town is Caerphilly. Other towns in the county borough are, Risca, Ystrad Mynach, Newbridge, Blackwood, Bargoed, New Tredegar and Rhymney.