hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Photofeed
A photofeed is a web feed that features image enclosures. They provide an easy, standard way to reference a list of images with title, date and description.

Photofeeds are RSS enclosures of image file formats, similar to podcasts (enclosures of audio file formats).

Image file format
An image file format is a file format for a digital image. There are many formats that can be used, such as JPEG, PNG, and GIF. Most formats up until 2022 were for storing 2D images, not 3D ones. The data stored in an image file format may be compressed or uncompressed. If the data is compressed, it may be done so using lossy compression or lossless compression. For graphic design applications, vector formats are often used. Some image file formats support transparency.

Raster formats are for 2D images. A 3D image can be represented within a 2D format, as in a stereogram or autostereogram, but this 3D image will not be a true light field, and thereby may cause the vergence–accommodation conflict.

Image files are composed of digital data in one of these formats so that the data can be displayed on a digital (computer) display or printed out using a printer. A common method for displaying digital image information has historically been rasterization.
Layer0
Layer0 (previously Moovweb), is an American software company based in San Francisco, California, providing infrastructure to run dynamic websites frontends.

The company was founded in 2009 by Ajay Kapur and Ishan Anand with $700,000 invested by Andy Bechtolsheim, and has since raised $16.7 million in venture funding. The company helped integrate Google Wallet into the 1-800-Flowers.com mobile site. Moovweb is a Google Wallet Premium Platform Partner. Moovweb has employed PayPal Express checkout on some of the sites it has developed.

Moovweb has rebranded itself as Layer0 in April 24, 2021.Ias acquired by Edgio.

Edgio
Edgio, Inc., formerly Limelight Networks, was an American company that provided a content delivery network (CDN) service, used for delivery of digital media content and software. The company ceased operations in January 2025.

Following a 2022 acquisition of Edgecast, the company re-branded as Edgio, and included edge computing and cybersecurity services, such as DDoS mitigation.

As of January 2023, the company's network had more than 300 points-of-presence and delivered 250+ terabits per second of egress capacity across the globe.

The company went bankrupt in 2024 and ceased operation on 15 January 2025.
Etonbury Castle
Etonbury Castle was a castle in the town of Arlesey, located near the road to Baldock, in the county of Bedfordshire, England (grid reference TL192379).

An ancient timber castle, attributed to the Danes, Etonbury Castle had a ringwork and one or two baileys.

The site was destroyed by a railway built through it. Only cropmarks and some earthworks remain.

Cropmark
Cropmarks or crop marks are a means through which sub-surface archaeological, natural and recent features may be visible from the air or a vantage point on higher ground or a temporary platform. Such marks, along with parch marks, soil marks and frost marks, can reveal buried man-made structures that are not visible from the ground.
Eduardo Alfonso Sánchez Hernández
Eduardo Alfonso Sánchez Hernández (born 30 October 1946) is a Mexican politician serving as Deputy of the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress and representing Veracruz.  He was formerly affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party.

LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LIX Legislature (59th session) of the Congress of Mexico met from September 2003 to August 2006. All members of the lower house (Chamber of Deputies) were elected in the elections of July 2003 while members of the upper house (Senate) were elected in the elections of July 2000.
1994 California lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 1994 California lieutenant gubernatorial election occurred on November 8, 1994. The primary elections took place on March 8, 1994. State Controller Gray Davis, the Democratic nominee, decisively defeated the Republican nominee, State Senator Cathie Wright, to succeed incumbent Leo T. McCarthy, who was retiring after three terms.

Secretary of State of California
The secretary of state of California is the chief clerk of the U.S. state of California, overseeing a department of 500 people. The secretary of state is elected for four year terms, like the state's other constitutional officers; the officeholder is restricted by term limits to two terms. The current secretary of state is Shirley Weber, who assumed the role in 2021 after Alex Padilla's appointment to the US Senate.
John P. Jumper
John Phillip Jumper (born February 4, 1945) is a retired United States Air Force (USAF) general, who served as 17th chief of staff of the United States Air Force from September 6, 2001 to September 2, 2005.  He retired from the USAF on  November 1, 2005. Jumper was succeeded as chief of staff by General T. Michael Moseley.

He is the son of major-general Jimmy J. Jumper, USAF. During his career he served as a command pilot with more than 5,000 flying hours. He later served as the CEO of Leidos from 2012 to 2014.

Nellis Air Force Base
Nellis Air Force Base ("Nellis" colloq.) is a United States Air Force installation in southern Nevada. Nellis hosts air combat exercises such as Exercise Red Flag and close air support exercises such as Green Flag-West flown in "Military Operations Area (MOA) airspace", associated with the nearby Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR).  The base also has the Combined Air and Space Operations Center-Nellis.
Wyoming's 3rd House of Representatives district
Wyoming's 3rd House of Representatives district is one of 62 districts in the Wyoming House of Representatives. The district encompasses part of Campbell County. It is represented by Republican Representative Abby Angelos of Gillette.

In 1992, the state of Wyoming switched from electing state legislators by county to a district-based system.

Campbell County, Wyoming
Campbell County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 47,026, making it the third-most populous county in Wyoming. Its county seat is Gillette. Campbell County comprises the Gillette, WY Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Dubai Meydan City
Dubai Meydan City is a new development under construction in the Ras Al Khor area of Dubai, UAE. The project was master planned by Teo A. Khing Design Consultants (TAK) who also master planned the Meydan Racecourse. It was launched on the eve of the 2007 Dubai World Cup. The entire development will cover more than 40,000,000 square feet (3,700,000 m2) GFA (gross floor area) on a land size of around 15,000,000 square feet (1,400,000 m2). It is expected to be completed in 2020, while Meydan Racecourse officially opened on 27 March 2010.
The development includes hotels, sky-bubble restaurant, entertainment, clubs, a concourse plaza, IMAX movie theater, towers and a boat-house.

Ras Al Khor
Ras Al Khor (Arabic: رَأْس ٱلْخُوْر, romanized: Raʾs al-Khūr, lit. 'Head of the Creek') or Ras Al Khor Wildlife Sanctuary is a wetland reserve in Dubai, renowned for attracting large numbers of migratory birds. It is also home to a large population of crustaceans, small mammals, and fish. It was the end of Dubai Creek before the construction of Dubai Canal, hence the Arabic name.
SQL syntax
The syntax of the SQL programming language is defined and maintained by ISO/IEC SC 32 as part of ISO/IEC 9075. This standard is not freely available. Despite the existence of the standard, SQL code is not completely portable among different database systems without adjustments.

ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32 Data management and interchange is a standardization subcommittee of the Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1 of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), which develops and facilitates standards within the field of data management and interchange. The international secretariat of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32 is the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) located in the United States.
Marieke van den Ham
Marieke van den Ham (born 21 January 1983) is a water polo player of the Netherlands who represents the Dutch national team in international competitions.

Van den Ham was part of the team that became 10th at the 2005 World Aquatics Championships in Montreal. At the 2006 FINA Women's Water Polo World League in Cosenza and the 2006 Women's European Water Polo Championship in Belgrade they finished in fifth place. She was not selected for the 2007 World Aquatics Championships in Melbourne, but returned for the Dutch team that finished in fifth place at the 2008 Women's European Water Polo Championship in Málaga and they qualified for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. There they ended up winning the gold medal on 21 August, beating the United States 9-8 in the final.

United States women's national water polo team
The United States women's national water polo team represents the United States in international women's water polo competitions and friendly matches. It is one of the leading teams in the world since the late 1990s. Women's water polo has been on the international stage since 1978 and was an exhibition sport at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics coached by Sandy Nitta before being introduced as a full medal sport in 2000.

On March 27, 2009, USA Water Polo named Adam Krikorian the head coach of the United States women's national team. Krikorian was the UCLA men's and women's water polo team head coach.
Ungra
Ungra (German: Galt; Hungarian: Ugra) is a commune in Brașov County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Dăișoara (Dahl; Longodár) and Ungra.

Ungra is located in the northern part of the county, at 9 km (5.6 mi) from Rupea and 62 km (39 mi) from the county seat, Brașov. It sits on the right bank on the river Olt, not far from where the Homorod and Dăișoara rivers flow into it.

In Ungra there is a medieval 13th century Transylvanian Saxon church and many old houses.

At the 2011 census, 88.4% of the 1,949 inhabitants were Romanians, 8.4% Roma, 1.7% Germans, and 1.5% Hungarians. At the 2021 census, Ungra had a population of 2,009; of those, 70.18% were Romanians, 15.18% Roma, and 1.1% Germans.

Germans of Romania
The Germans of Romania (German: Rumäniendeutsche; Romanian: Germanii din România or germani-români; Hungarian: romániai németek) represent one of the most significant historical ethnic minorities of Romania from the modern period onwards.

Throughout the interwar period, the total number of ethnic Germans in the country amounted to as many as c. 800,000 (according to some sources and estimates dating to 1939, just on the verge of World War II), a figure which has subsequently drastically fallen to c. 36,000 (according to the 2011 census) and dropped even more to c. 22,900 (as per the 2021 Romanian census, postponed one year because of the COVID-19 pandemic and conducted in 2022).

Following the decreasing trend of the overall population of Romania, the German community of the country is expected to continue shrinking in numbers as well, as it has already been officially reported by the partial results of the 2021 census.
Eric D. Clark
Eric D. Clark (born 1966) is a US-American musician. After growing up in California, he moved to Europe. While living in Cologne, he made a major contribution to the city's music scene in the 1990s though his clubs and DJing work, blending disco and house music. He formed Whirlpool Productions with Justus Köhncke and Hans Nieswandt, which had hits in a number of European countries, including "From Disco to Disco", which reached number 1 in the Italian charts.

While continuing to release records and perform with Whirlpool Productions, he also released a number of solo albums, including 1998's Für Dancefloor (on Ladomat 2000) and E=dC2 on Kompakt in 2007. Single releases include 2001's "Another Night, Another Disco" (on Sony BMG). He worked with Amanda Lear and Giorgio Moroder to produce a new version of Moroder's track "From Here to Eternity". As a producer, he has worked with artists including Angie Reed, Peaches, Märtini Bros, Mark Stewart, Mouse on Mars, and Tiefschwarz.

Demonyms for the United States
People from the United States of America are known as and refer to themselves as Americans. Different languages use different terms for citizens of the United States. All forms of English refer to US citizens as Americans, a term deriving from the United States of America, the country's official name. In the English context, it came to refer to inhabitants of British America, and then the United States. There is some linguistic ambiguity over this use due to the other senses of the word American, which can also refer to people from the Americas in general. Other languages, including French, Japanese, and Russian, use cognates of American to refer to people from the United States. In contrast, others, particularly, Spanish and Portuguese, primarily use terms derived from United States or North America. There are various other local and colloquial names for Americans. The name America came from the Italian navigator Amerigo Vespucci.
Murray Angus
Murray Angus CM is a Canadian activist on Indigenous issues, and the co-founder of Nunavut Sivuniksavut (NS), a college program that provides instruction to Inuit youth in Inuit history, politics, and culture, specifically on the politics and ramifications of Indigenous land claims agreements. He taught for over 25 years at Nunavut Sivuniksavut, while also publishing on topics relating to Indigenous issues and land claims policy.

Indigenous land claims in Canada
Indigenous peoples in Canada demand to have their land rights and their Aboriginal titles respected by the Canadian government. These outstanding land claims are some of the main political issues facing Indigenous peoples today.

The Government of Canada started recognizing Indigenous land claims in 1973. Federal policy divided the claims in two categories: comprehensive claims and specific claims. Comprehensive claims deal with Indigenous rights of Métis, First Nations and Inuit communities that did not sign treaties with the Government of Canada. Specific claims, on the other hand, are filed by First Nations communities over Canada's breach of the Numbered Treaties, the Indian Act or any other agreements between the Crown and First Nations.
Wushu at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's sanda 75 kg
The men's sanda 75 kilograms competition at the 2022 Asian Games in Hangzhou, China was held from 24 to 28 September 2023 at the Xiaoshan Guali Sports Centre.

A total of nine competitors from nine countries (NOCs) competed in this event, limited to fighters whose body weight was less than 75 kilograms.

Competition bouts consist of 3 rounds in total, each lasting two minutes with a one-minute rest period between rounds. The athlete who scores more points in each round is the winner of that rounds; the bout ends when one athlete has won two rounds (and thus the match).

2022 Asian Games
The 2022 Asian Games (2022年亚洲运动会), officially the 19th Asian Games (第十九届亚洲运动会) and also known as Hangzhou 2022 (杭州2022), were a continental multi-sport event which was held from 23 September to 8 October 2023 in Hangzhou, China. The games marked the 110th anniversary since the creation of the first continental event, starting with the 1913 Far Eastern Championship Games.

Originally scheduled to take place from 10 to 25 September 2022, on 6 May 2022 the Games were postponed to 2023 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The new dates were announced on 19 July 2022, with the Games remaining branded as Hangzhou 2022. Hangzhou was the third Chinese city to host the Asian Games, after Beijing in 1990 and Guangzhou in 2010.
Listed buildings in Dutton, Cheshire
Dutton is a civil parish in Cheshire West and Chester, England.  It contains the village of Dutton, but is otherwise rural. Important transport links pass through the parish.  The West Coast Main Line runs through in a north–south direction.  Dutton Viaduct and the Weaver Junction (where the Liverpool branch divides from the main line) are in the parish.  The Trent and Mersey Canal runs through it in a northwest–southeast direction, and enters the south portal of the Preston Brook Tunnel.  The A533 road traverses the parish in a similar direction.  In the southern part of the parish, running east–west, is the River Weaver and the Weaver Navigation.  Included in the parish are 22 buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings.  Some of the buildings are houses, and others are associated with the Trent and Mersey Canal and the Weaver Navigation.

Cheshire West and Chester
Cheshire West and Chester is a unitary authority area with borough status in Cheshire, England. It was established on 1 April 2009 as part of the 2009 local government changes, by virtue of an order under the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007. It superseded the boroughs of Ellesmere Port and Neston, Vale Royal and the City of Chester. The remainder of the ceremonial county of Cheshire is composed of Cheshire East, Halton and Warrington. Cheshire West and Chester has three key urban areas: Chester, Ellesmere Port and Northwich/Winsford.

The decision to create the Cheshire West and Chester unitary authority was announced on 25 July 2007 following a consultation period, in which a proposal to create a single Cheshire unitary authority was rejected.
Jean-Kersley Gardenne
Jean-Kersley Gardenne (born 16 February 1972) is a retired Mauritian pole vaulter.

His personal best jump is 5.50 metres, achieved in June 1996 in Dreux. This is the Mauritian record. He did however have a better indoor mark with 5.60 metres, achieved in January 1998 in Liévin.

Mauritians
Mauritians (singular Mauritian; French: Mauricien; Creole: Morisien) are nationals or natives of the Republic of Mauritius and their descendants. Mauritius is a melting pot of multi-ethnic, multi-cultural and multi-religious peoples. Mauritian is made up of blended groups of people who come mainly from South Asian (notably Indian), African (Mozambique, Madagascar and Zanzibar), European (White/European Mauritians), and Chinese descent, as well as those of a mixed background from any combination of the aforementioned ethnic groups. Creol-Mauritian is the blending of the different cultures; this is why it is complex to define Creol-Mauritian.
AqME
AqME (pronounced ack-MEE; previously known as Neurosyndrom) was a French alternative metal band from Paris, consisting of four members. AqME was part of a French nu metal movement called "Team Nowhere" for a few years, but the band eventually left this artist collective.

Wordplay
Wordplay (also: play-on-words) is a literary technique and a form of wit in which words used become the main subject of the work, primarily for the purpose of intended effect or amusement. Examples of wordplay include puns, phonetic mix-ups such as spoonerisms, obscure words and meanings, clever rhetorical excursions, oddly formed sentences, double entendres, and telling character names (such as in the play The Importance of Being Earnest, Ernest being a given name that sounds exactly like the adjective earnest).

Wordplay is quite common in oral cultures as a method of reinforcing meaning. Examples of text-based (orthographic) wordplay are found in languages with or without alphabet-based scripts, such as homophonic puns in Mandarin Chinese.
Electra (supercomputer)
Electra is a petascale supercomputer located at the Ames Research Center facility, manufactured by Hewlett Packard Enterprise in 2016 and commissioned at 2017. This is the first modular supercomputer prototype designed by NASA, as part of its research on making supercomputing more efficient and environment-friendly. Its research resulted in the Aitken supercomputer, destined for Moon landing and related research.

Electra was in 12th place among the most powerful supercomputers in the United States, and 33rd place in the world, in the TOP500 list at November, 2018.

It has 2,304 HPE SGI 8600 and SGI ICE X nodes, each with a second generation Intel Xeon dual CPU, delivering up to 8.32 theoretical petaflops, and 5.44 petaflops (LINPACK) as of June 2019.

LINPACK
LINPACK is a software library for performing numerical linear algebra on digital computers.
It was written in Fortran by Jack Dongarra, Jim Bunch, Cleve Moler, and Gilbert Stewart, and was intended for use on supercomputers in the 1970s and early 1980s.  It has been largely superseded by LAPACK, which runs more efficiently on modern architectures.

LINPACK makes use of the BLAS (Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms) libraries for performing basic vector and matrix operations.

The LINPACK benchmarks appeared initially as part of the LINPACK user's manual. The parallel LINPACK benchmark implementation called HPL (High Performance Linpack) is used to benchmark and rank supercomputers for the TOP500 list.
Chimantaea
Chimantaea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.

This genus is endemic to the Pantepui, a biogeographic province on the Guiana Highlands in Venezuela, Guyana, and Brazil. The region is characterized by a pattern of about 50 tepuis, isolated tabletop mountains that arise from the sandstone plateau of the highlands. Tepuis are known for their biodiversity, especially their concentrations of endemic species, and most are still pristine, undisturbed ecosystems. 
The genus is almost entirely restricted to the Chimantá Massif, a complex of several of these tepuis in Bolívar, Venezuela. There several species of the genus are dominant members of the higher-elevation shrublands, which are known as paramoid vegetation because of their similarity to the páramos of the Andes.

Species

All the species are endemic to Venezuela.

Mesa
A mesa is an isolated, flat-topped elevation, ridge, or hill, bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and standing distinctly above a surrounding plain. Mesas consist of flat-lying soft sedimentary rocks, such as shales, capped by a resistant layer of harder rock, like sandstone or limestone, forming a caprock that protects the flat summit. The caprock may also include dissected lava flows or eroded duricrust.

Unlike a plateau, which is a broader, elevated region that may not have horizontal bedrock (e.g., Tibetan Plateau), a mesa is defined by flat-lying strata and steep-sided isolation. Large, flat-topped plateaus with horizontal strata, less isolated and often part of extensive plateau systems, are called tablelands. A butte is a smaller, eroded mesa with a limited summit, while a cuesta has a gentle dip slope and one steep escarpment due to tilted strata.
CVIPtools
CVIP  has the ability to read various image formats, including TIFF, PNG, GIF, JPEG, BMP, and RAW formats. It supports standard image processing functions, image compression, restoration, logical and arithmetical operations between images, contrast manipulation, image sharpening, frequency transformation, edge detection, segmentation, and geometric transformations.

Contrast (vision)
Contrast is the difference in luminance or color that makes an object (or its representation in an image or display) distinguishable from a background. Human vision is more sensitive to relative differences than to absolute luminance, so perceived appearance can remain fairly stable despite large changes in illumination.

The maximum contrast of an image is termed the contrast ratio or dynamic range. In images where the contrast ratio approaches the maximum possible for the medium, there is a conservation of contrast. In such cases, increasing contrast in certain parts of the image will necessarily result in a decrease in contrast elsewhere. Brightening an image increases contrast in darker areas but decreases it in brighter areas; conversely, darkening the image will have the opposite effect. Bleach bypass reduces contrast in the darkest and brightest parts of an image while enhancing luminance contrast in areas of intermediate brightness.