hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Schneiderman
David Schneiderman (April 14, 1947 – January 17, 2025) was an American newspaper editor and publisher. He was the editor and publisher of The Village Voice. Schneiderman died from pneumonia on January 17, 2025, at the age of 77.
The older brother of New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman, he became publisher as well under the ownership of Leonard N. Stern and continued as variously editor-in-chief, publisher, both, or CEO to whom they reported until ending his career there as chairman of Village Voice Media after the merger with New Times Media and moving to the West Coast.

Village Voice Media
40°43′42″N 73°59′28″W﻿ / ﻿40.7283°N 73.9911°W﻿ / 40.7283; -73.9911

Village Voice Media or VVM is a newspaper company. It began in 1970 as a weekly alternative newspaper in Phoenix, Arizona. The company, founded by Michael Lacey (editor) and Jim Larkin (publisher), was then known as New Times Inc. (NTI) and the publication was named New Times. The company was later renamed New Times Media.

By 2001, the company (NTI) had grown to 13 newspapers in major cities across the United States. Most of these publications were acquired via purchase from the current owner/publishers.

In 2006, with the acquisition of The Village Voice, the company took the name Village Voice Media Holdings. The company is often referred to in this article as NTI/VVM after that date.
Yar Muhammad Kalhoro
Mian Yar Muhammad Kalhoro (Sindhi: يار محمد ڪلهوڙو) was the subahdar of parts of Sindh, which he governed between 1701 and 1719. He was the first governor of the Kalhora dynasty and ruled for 18 years. In the initial nine years of his reign, Yar Muhammad expanded the territory under his dominion. The latter part of his rule was dedicated to solidifying his authority. He was given the title of Nawāb by the Emperor Aurangzeb.

Yar Muhammad Kalhoro was responsible for the construction of  Jamia Mosque in Khudabad. His tomb is sited 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) west of Khudabad.

Yar Muhammad and Deen Muhammad were sons of Mian Nasir Muhammad Kalhoro who was succeeded by his elder son,  Deen Muhammad Kalhoro, in 1692. Later, Yar Muhammad Kalhoro became chieftain of the Kalhora clan after his brother was imprisoned and killed in Multan jail by Prince Muiz-ud-Din Muhammad, the governor of Multan, in 1700. He was founder of Kalhora dynasty in Sindh.

Subahdar
Subahdar was one of the designations of a governor of a Subah (province) during the Khalji dynasty of Bengal, Mamluk dynasty, Khalji dynasty, Tughlaq dynasty, and the Mughal era who was alternately designated as Sahib-i-Subah or Nazim. The word, Subahdar is of Persian origin. The Subahdar was the head of the Mughal provincial administration. He was assisted by the provincial Diwan, Bakhshi, Faujdar, Kotwal, Qazi, Sadr, Waqa-i-Navis, Qanungo and Patwari. The Subahdars were normally appointed from among the Mughal princes or the officers holding the highest mansabs (ranks).
À la carte
In restaurants, à la carte (/ɑː.lə.ˈkɑːrt/, ah-lə-KART; French: [a la kaʁt], lit. 'at the card') is the practice of ordering individual dishes from a menu in a restaurant, as opposed to table d'hôte, where a set menu is offered. It is an early 19th century loan from French meaning "according to the menu".

The individual dishes to be ordered may include side dishes, or the side dishes may be offered separately, in which case, they are also considered à la carte.

Loanword
A loanword is a word at least partly assimilated from one language (the donor language) into another language (the recipient or target language), through the process of borrowing. Borrowing is a metaphorical term that is well established in the linguistic field despite its acknowledged descriptive flaws: nothing is taken away from the donor language and there is no expectation of returning anything (i.e., the loanword).

Loanwords may be contrasted with calques, in which a word is borrowed into the recipient language by being directly translated from the donor language rather than being adopted in (an approximation of) its original form. They must also be distinguished from cognates, which are words in two or more related languages that are similar because they share an etymological origin in the ancestral language, rather than because one borrowed the word from the other.
Rhizine
In lichens, rhizines are multicellular root-like structures arising mainly from the lower surface. A lichen with rhizines is termed rhizinate, while a lichen lacking rhizines is termed erhizinate. Rhizines serve only to anchor the lichen to their substrate; they do not absorb nutrients, as plant roots do. Characteristics of the rhizines are used to identify lichens, for example, whether they are dense or sparse, uniformly distributed or clumped in specific areas, and straight or branched. Only foliose lichens may possess rhizines, not crustose or fruticose lichens, which lack a lower cortex.

Rhizohyphae are a type of attachment structure on some lichens. Rhizohyphae are more slender than rhizines and are one cell thick in diameter. Rhizohyphae often occur as a felt-like hyphal mass.

Multicellular organism
A multicellular organism is an organism that consists of more than one cell, and more than one cell type, unlike unicellular organisms. All species of animals, land plants and most fungi are multicellular, as are many algae, whereas a few organisms are partially uni- and partially multicellular, like slime molds and social amoebae such as the genus Dictyostelium.

Multicellular organisms arise in various ways, for example by cell division or by aggregation of many single cells. Colonial organisms are the result of many identical individuals joining together to form a colony. However, it can often be hard to separate colonial protists from true multicellular organisms, because the two concepts are not distinct; colonial protists have been dubbed "pluricellular" rather than "multicellular". There are also macroscopic organisms that are multinucleate though technically unicellular, such as the Xenophyophorea that can reach 20 cm.
Bobby Vinton Sings the Newest Hits
Bobby Vinton Sings the Newest Hits is Bobby Vinton's fifteenth studio album, released in 1967.

Primarily a cover album, this album contains various songs from past years, especially movie themes. Cover songs include "Call Me" (a British hit for Petula Clark in 1964 and U.S. hit for Chris Montez in 1965) and "The End of the World" (a hit for Skeeter Davis in 1963). Movie themes include "Born Free", "The Shadow of Your Smile", "This Is My Song", "Georgy Girl" and "All".  Two singles came from this album: "Coming Home Soldier" (co-written by Vinton); the song, a sequel of sorts to Vinton's earlier hit "Mr. Lonely", reached #11 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.  The follow-up, "For He's A Jolly Good Fellow", originally written and recorded by Ray Stevens, charted at #66.

The End of the World (Skeeter Davis song)
"The End of the World" is a pop song written by composer Arthur Kent  and lyricist Sylvia Dee, who often worked as a team. They wrote the song for American singer Skeeter Davis, and her recording of it was highly successful in the early 1960s, reaching the top five on four different charts, including No. 2 on the main Billboard Hot 100. It spawned many cover versions.
Epictia tenella
Epictia tenella, also known as the Guyana blind snake, is a species of blind snake found on Trinidad in the Caribbean, and in South America, where it ranges from Guyana south to Brazil and northwestern Peru.

It can reach a length of 170 mm (6-11/16 in) snout-to-vent.  It has a medium brown dorsal surface, with a paler ventral surface and a yellow tail.  Its head is dark except for a white to yellow spot covering the upper half of its rostral scale.

It is mesophilic.  It burrows in damp soil and rotting vegetation, and possibly in ant and termite colonies.  It feeds on ants, termites, millipedes, and eggs.

Rostral scale
The rostral scale, or rostral, in snakes and other scaled reptiles is the median (midline) plate on the tip of the snout that borders the mouth opening. It corresponds to the mental scale in the lower jaw. The term pertains to the rostrum, or nose. In snakes, the shape and size of this scale is one of many characteristics used to differentiate species from one another.
The Accusing Finger
The Accusing Finger is a 1936 American drama film directed by James P. Hogan and written by Madeleine Ruthven, Brian Marlow, John Bright and Robert Tasker. The film stars Paul Kelly, Marsha Hunt, Kent Taylor, Robert Cummings, Harry Carey, Bernadene Hayes and Joe Sawyer. The film was released on October 23, 1936, by Paramount Pictures.

John Bright (screenwriter)
John Milton Bright (January 1, 1908 – September 14, 1989) was an American journalist, screenwriter and political activist.

Bright was born in Baltimore and worked with Ben Hecht as a newspaper journalist in Chicago.  With fellow journalist Kubec Glasmon, Bright co-wrote a series of stories adapted as screenplays.  The most notable of these, Beer and Blood, became the 1931 film The Public Enemy starring James Cagney.  The two were nominated for a 1931 Academy Award for Best Story.

In 1933 he became one of the ten founders of the Screen Writers Guild.  As with other founders and members of the Screen Writers Guild, Bright was targeted in the early 1950s by the House Un-American Activities Committee, and put on the Hollywood blacklist.

Bright's wife Josefina Fierro was a Mexican-American activist in her own right.  Bright fled to Mexico and wrote screenplays for at least two Mexican films.

His posthumous 2002 memoir was called Worms in the Winecup.
Node (networking)
In networking, a node (Latin: nodus, 'knot') is either a redistribution point or a communication endpoint within telecommunication networks or computer networks.

A physical network node is an electronic device that is attached to a network, and is capable of creating, receiving, or transmitting information over a communication channel. In data communication, a physical network node may either be data communication equipment (such as a modem, hub, bridge or switch) or data terminal equipment (such as a digital telephone handset, a printer or a host computer).

A passive distribution point, such as a distribution frame or patch panel is not considered to be a node.

Patch panel
A patch panel is a device or unit featuring a number of jacks, usually of the same or similar type, for the use of connecting and routing circuits for monitoring, interconnecting, and testing circuits in a convenient, flexible manner. Patch panels are commonly used in computer networking, recording studios, and radio and television.

The term patch came from early use in telephony and radio studios, where extra equipment kept on standby could be temporarily substituted for failed devices. This reconnection was done via patch cords and patch panels, like the jack fields of cord-type telephone switchboards.
Queensland Railways 2370 class
The 2370 class were a class of diesel locomotive built in 1975 by English Electric, Rocklea for Queensland Railways in Australia. All were later sold to AN Tasrail along with the 2350 class, and reclassified as the ZB class. The sole survivor, now numbered 2128 (ex-ZB14, formerly 2371) is now preserved at Don River Railway

Queensland Rail
Queensland Rail (QR) is a railway operator in Queensland, Australia. Queensland Rail is owned by the Queensland Government, and operates both suburban and interurban rail services in South East Queensland, as well as long-distance passenger train services connecting Brisbane to regional Queensland. Queensland Rail also owns and maintains rolling stock, in addition to approximately 6,600 kilometres (4,101 mi) of track and related infrastructure.
Stonehaven (Charlotte neighborhood)
The Stonehaven neighborhood of Charlotte, North Carolina was established in the 1950s. In addition to the Stonehaven subdivision, the area also includes the Olde Stonehaven, Queens Grant, Rama Woods, Waverly Hall and Medearis subdivisions. The neighborhood is bounded by Rama Road to the northwest, Sardis Road to the southwest, McAlpine Creek to the southeast and a railroad track and Monroe Road to the northeast. The area is neighbored by the areas known as Sherwood Forest, Landsdowne, McClintock Woods, and Sardis Woods. The area's dominant architectural style is the ranch-style house with brick or wood exterior.

Subdivision (land)
Subdivisions are land that is divided into pieces that are easier to sell or otherwise develop, usually via a plat. The former single piece as a whole is then known as a subdivision. Subdivisions may be simple, involving only a single seller and buyer, or complex, involving large tracts of land divided into many smaller parcels.  If it is used for housing it is typically known as a housing subdivision or housing development, although some developers tend to call these areas communities.

Subdivisions may also be for the purpose of commercial or industrial development, and the results vary from retail shopping malls with independently owned out parcels to industrial parks.
Franklin's ground squirrel
Franklin's ground squirrel (Poliocitellus franklinii) is a species of squirrel native to North America, and the only member of the genus Poliocitellus. Due to the destruction of prairie, the populations of Franklin's ground squirrel have dwindled, approaching levels of concern. Its decline in the eastern portion of its range is mostly attributed to habitat fragmentation.

Habitat fragmentation
Habitat fragmentation describes the emergence of discontinuities (fragmentation) in an organism's preferred environment (habitat), causing population fragmentation and  ecosystem decay. Causes of habitat fragmentation include geological processes that slowly alter the layout of the physical environment (suspected of being one of the major causes of speciation), and human activity such as land conversion, which can alter the environment much faster and causes the population fluctuation of many species. More specifically, habitat fragmentation is a process by which large and contiguous habitats get divided into smaller, isolated patches of habitats.
2007 NBA Europe Live Tour
The 2007 NBA Europe Live Tour was a basketball exhibition tour featuring teams from the NBA and teams from Europe's top professional leagues, as part of the NBA Europe Live. The hosting countries were England, Italy, Spain and Turkey. The NBA teams traveled to Europe to begin their training camps, and played a series of exhibition matches against the European teams, and preseason games against other NBA teams. The games took place from October 6 to October 11 and the NBA teams prevailed 5 games to 2 over the European teams.

Baloncesto Málaga
Baloncesto Málaga S.A.D.,  also known as Unicaja for sponsorship reasons, is a professional basketball club based in Málaga, Spain. The team plays in the Liga ACB and the Champions League.

Founded in 1977, the team is sponsored by the Spanish bank Unicaja and has carried that sponsorship name since 1992. They play their home games at the Palacio de Deportes José María Martín Carpena, shortly known as the "Martín Carpena". Unicaja has won one Liga ACB title, in 2006, as well as three Copas del Rey, one EuroCup, two Basketball Champions League, one FIBA Korać Cup and two FIBA Intercontinental Cup titles.
Baron Zemo
Baron Zemo (/ˈziːmoʊ/) is the name of two supervillains appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Heinrich Zemo and his son Helmut Zemo have both been depicted as a major adversary of Captain America and the Avengers, as well as the leader of the Masters of Evil, a team comprising numerous villains in the Marvel Universe.

In the 2021 radio drama podcast series Marvel's Wastelanders, two original incarnations of King Zemo (voiced by James Saito) are introduced as Helmut Zemo's successors as Dictators of the Wastelands: Herman Zemo (voiced by Ki Hong Lee) and Ash Morse (voiced by Sasha Lane).

Asgard (comics)
Asgard is a fictional realm and its capital city appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Stan Lee, Larry Lieber and Jack Kirby, the realm first appeared in Journey into Mystery #85 (October 1962). Based on the realm of the same name from Germanic mythology (particularly Norse), Asgard is home to the Asgardians and other beings adapted from Norse mythology. It features prominently in stories that follow the Marvel Comics superhero Thor.

Asgard has appeared in comics and various media adaptations, including the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Thor (2011), Thor: The Dark World (2013), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Thor: Ragnarok (2017), Avengers: Endgame (2019), and the Disney+ series Loki (2021). Eventually, Asgard was relocated to Earth in Norway and appeared in Avengers: Endgame and Thor: Love and Thunder (2022).
The Movies: Stunts & Effects
The Movies: Stunts & Effects is 2006 expansion pack for the 2005 business simulation game The Movies, developed by Lionhead Studios and distributed by Activision Publishing for Microsoft Windows and Feral Interactive for Mac OS X. Upon release, the expansion was generally well received, with praise directed to its addition of new movie-making features, and criticism of its additions of stuntmen to the micromanagement involved in the game.

Feral Interactive
Feral Interactive Limited is a British video games developer and publisher for macOS, Linux, iOS, Android,  Nintendo Switch, Meta Quest and Microsoft Windows platforms. It was founded in 1996 to bring games to Mac and specialises in porting games to different platforms.

Feral have partnered with publishers like Square Enix Europe, 2K Games, Sega Europe, Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment and Codemasters to port and publish their games for platforms that the publishers themselves are not supporting. It has offered its games on digital download services like Direct2Drive since 2011.
Flute Sonata in E minor (HWV 359b)
The Flute sonata in E minor (HWV 359b) was composed (c. 1724) by George Frideric Handel for flute and basso continuo. The work is also referred to as Opus 1 No. 1b, and was first published in 1732 by Walsh. Other catalogues of Handel's music have referred to the work as HG xxvii,6; and HHA iv/3,10.

The sonata was originally composed as a violin sonata in D minor (HWV 359a).

Of the two sonatas in the Chrysander edition as Opus 1 Sonata I, this one (Sonata Ib) is the one in the Walsh edition (where it is called Sonata I). Chrysander's Sonata Ia was compiled from manuscript sources. Chrysander's Sonata Ia and Sonata Ib have their first and fourth movements in common.

A typical performance of the work takes about seven minutes.

Basso continuo
Basso continuo is a harmonic musical structure, almost universal in the Baroque era (1600–1750), that generally consisted of a bassline and a chord progression. The phrase is often shortened to continuo, and the instrumentalists playing the continuo part are called the continuo group.
All Saints Church, Srinagar
All Saints Church, also known as All Hallows Church, is a historical Protestant church built in the late 19th century in  Srinagar that is part of the Church of North India, a province of the worldwide Anglican Communion. All Saints Church falls within the Diocese of Amritsar and along with Holy Family Catholic Church, is one of the two Christian churches in the city. The church is dedicated to the Christian solemnity of All Saints.

Solemnity
In the liturgical calendar of the Roman Rite, a solemnity is a feast day of the highest rank celebrating a mystery of faith such as the Trinity, an event in the life of Jesus, his mother Mary, his legal father Joseph, or another important saint. The observance begins with the vigil on the evening before the actual date of the feast. Unlike feast days of the rank of feast (other than feasts of the Lord) or those of the rank of memorial, solemnities replace the celebration of Sundays outside Advent, Lent, and Easter (those in Ordinary Time).

The word comes from postclassical Latin sollemnitas, meaning a solemnity, festival, celebration of a day.
Centaurus in Chinese astronomy
The modern constellation Centaurus lies across two of the quadrants symbolized by the Azure Dragon of the East (東方青龍, Dōng Fāng Qīng Lóng), the Vermillion Bird of the South (南方朱雀, Nán Fāng Zhū Què), and the Southern Asterisms (近南極星區, Jìnnánjíxīngōu).

According to the quadrant, Centaurus is possibly not fully visible in the Chinese sky. Hadar (Beta Centauri) is a bright star in this constellation that is possibly never seen in Chinese sky.

The name of the western constellation in modern Chinese is 半人馬座 (bàn rén mǎ zuò), meaning "the centaur constellation".

Azure Dragon
The Azure Dragon (simplified Chinese: 青龙; traditional Chinese: 青龍; pinyin: Qīnglóng) is one of the Dragon Gods who represent the mounts or chthonic forces of the Five Regions' Highest Deities (五方上帝; Wǔfāng Shàngdì). It is also one of the Four Symbols of the Chinese constellations, which are the astral representations of the Wufang Shangdi. The Azure Dragon represents the east and the spring season. It is also sometimes referred to as the Blue-Green Dragon, Green Dragon, or the Blue Dragon (苍龙; 蒼龍; Cānglóng).

The Dragon is frequently referred to in the media, feng shui, other cultures, and in various venues as the Green Dragon and the Avalon Dragon. His cardinal direction's epithet is "Blue-Green Dragon of the East" (东方青龙; 東方青龍; Dōngfāng Qīnglóng or 东方苍龙; 東方蒼龍; Dōngfāng Cānglóng).

This dragon is also known as Seiryū in Japanese, Cheongryong in Korean and Thanh Long in Vietnamese.
Reedy Lake (Frostproof, Florida)
Reedy Lake is a natural freshwater lake on the east side of Frostproof, Florida. Residences and citrus groves surround much of this lake. This lake has no public swimming areas. The city of Frostproof has a public fishing pier and it operates Henderson Field (a softball field) nearby. A public boat ramp also exists at Frostproof.

Frostproof, Florida
Frostproof is a city in Polk County, Florida, United States. The city is located in southern Polk County on the Lake Wales Ridge. It is part of the Lakeland–Winter Haven Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,877 at the 2020 census.
Kyndra Rotunda
Kyndra Kaye Rotunda (née Miller, born c. 1973) is an American lawyer, author, and former Major in the United States Army Judge Advocate General's Corps.
She is a law professor at the Chapman University School of Law.

Michelle Shephard
Michelle Shephard (born 1972) is an independent investigative reporter (previously with the Toronto Star newspaper), author and filmmaker. She has been awarded the Michener Award for public service journalism and won Canada's top newspaper prize, the National Newspaper Award, three times. In 2011, she was an associate producer on a documentary called Under Fire: Journalists in Combat. She produced the National Film Board documentary, Prisoners of the Absurd, which premiered at Amsterdam's film festival in 2014. Shephard also co-directed a film based on her book about Omar Khadr, Guantanamo's Child, which premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2015.

Shephard was the 2015 recipient of the Atkinson Fellowship in Public Policy.