hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William, Lord of Douglas
William, Lord of Douglas can refer to several chiefs of the House of Douglas, an historic and warlike Scots family.

William I, Lord of Douglas (c. 1174–1213)

William II, Lord of Douglas (c. 1220–1274)

William III, Lord of Douglas (c. 1240–1298)

William IV, Lord of Douglas (died 1333)

William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas (1327–1384)

William Douglas, 6th Earl of Douglas (1426–1440)

William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas (1425–1452)

William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas
William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas, 2nd Earl of Avondale (1425 – 22 February 1452) was a late Medieval Scottish nobleman, Lord of Galloway, and Lord of the Regality of Lauderdale, and the most powerful magnate in Southern Scotland. He was killed by James II of Scotland.
Santa Cruz Shakespeare
37°01′40″N 122°02′22″W﻿ / ﻿37.027773°N 122.039566°W﻿ / 37.027773; -122.039566

Santa Cruz Shakespeare is an independent theater company in Santa Cruz, California, founded in 2014. Its predecessor, Shakespeare Santa Cruz, lost the financial support of its host and sponsor, the University of California, Santa Cruz in 2013. Members of the original company and board immediately began fundraising and raised enough money to form a new independent theater company. Santa Cruz Shakespeare values community, aesthetics, financial responsibility, inclusivity, inquisitiveness, and engagement through repertory theater, educational programs, and professionalism in the entertainment/theater fields.

The Merry Wives of Windsor
The Merry Wives of Windsor or Sir John Falstaff and the Merry Wives of Windsor is a comedy by William Shakespeare first published in 1602, though believed to have been written in or before 1597. The Windsor of the play's title is a reference to the town of Windsor, also the location of Windsor Castle in Berkshire, England. Though nominally set in the reign of Henry IV or early in the reign of Henry V, the play makes no pretence to exist outside contemporary Elizabethan-era English middle-class life. It features the character Sir John Falstaff, the fat knight who had previously been featured in Henry IV, Part 1 and Part 2. It has been adapted for the opera at least ten times. The play is one of Shakespeare's lesser-regarded works among literary critics.
Tradition has it that The Merry Wives of Windsor was written at the request of Queen Elizabeth I, who watching Henry IV, Part 1, is said to have asked Shakespeare to write a play depicting Falstaff in love.
Moenkopia
Moenkopia (meaning "for Moenkopi") is an extinct genus of prehistoric sarcopterygians from the Coelacanthidae found in the Middle Triassic Moenkopi Formation of Arizona. The type, and only species, M. wellesi, was named in 1961 in honour of Samuel Paul Welles. It is only known from the holotype, UMCP 36193, a partial skull consisting only of the basisphenoid that was collected in 1939 or 1940 by Samuel Welles and briefly noted on by him in 1947, and other assorted specimens found before 2005 in the Radar Mesa by S. J. Nesbitt, W. G. Parker and R. B. Irmis.

Middle Triassic
In the geologic timescale, the Middle Triassic is the second of three epochs of the Triassic period or the middle of three series in which the Triassic system is divided in chronostratigraphy. The Middle Triassic spans the time between 246.7 Ma and 237 Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Early Triassic Epoch and followed by the Late Triassic Epoch. The Middle Triassic is divided into the Anisian and Ladinian ages or stages.

Formerly the middle series in the Triassic was also known as Muschelkalk. This name is now only used for a specific unit of rock strata with approximately Middle Triassic age, found in western Europe. The Ashfield Shale and Bringelly Shale of western Sydney date to this epoch, with the former featuring fluvial fossils from that era.
2023–24 Rutgers Scarlet Knights men's basketball team
The 2023–24 Rutgers Scarlet Knights men's basketball team represented Rutgers University–New Brunswick during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Scarlet Knights were led by eighth-year head coach Steve Pikiell and played their home games at Jersey Mike's Arena in Piscataway, New Jersey as members of the Big Ten Conference. They finished the season 15–17, 7–13 in Big Ten play to finish in a tie for 12th place. As the No. 13 seed in the Big Ten tournament, they lost Maryland in the first round.

2024 Big Ten men's basketball tournament
The 2024 Big Ten men's basketball tournament (branded as the 2024 TIAA Big Ten Men's Basketball Tournament for sponsorship reasons) was a postseason men's basketball tournament for the Big Ten Conference of the 2023–24 NCAA Division I men's basketball season which took place from March 13–17, 2024. The tournament was held at the Target Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This was the first year in which the first round is broadcast by Peacock. As the tournament winner, Illinois received the conference's automatic bid to the 2024 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament.

This was the last edition held in this tournament format, as the conference expanded to 18 teams the following year. The conference announced that 15 teams would participate in future tournaments, with the bottom three teams not qualifying.
Kokoona leucoclada
Kokoona leucoclada is a species of plant in the family Celastraceae. It is a tree endemic to Borneo where it is confined to Sabah.

It is a medium-sized to large tree which grows up to 35 metres tall, with trunk of up to 20 cm in diameter.

It is known only from Lung Manis, Sandakan, where it grows in lowland rain forest between 70 and 80 metres elevation. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Celastraceae
The Celastraceae, also known as the staff-vine or bittersweet family, are a family of 98 genera and 1,350 species of herbs, vines, shrubs and small trees, belonging to the order Celastrales. The great majority of the genera are tropical, with only Celastrus (the staff vines), Euonymus (the spindles) and Maytenus widespread in temperate climates, and Parnassia (bog-stars) found in alpine and arctic climates.

Of the 98 currently recognized genera of the family Celastraceae, 19 are native to Madagascar and these include at least 57 currently recognized species. Six of these 19 genera (Brexiella, Evonymopsis, Hartogiopsis, Polycardia, Ptelidium, and Salvadoropsis) are endemic to Madagascar.
Source: Music of the Avant Garde
Source: Music of the Avant-Garde, also known as Source Magazine, was an independent, not-for-profit musical and artistic magazine published between 1967 and 1973 by teachers and students of the University of California, Davis, California. It emerged from the flourishing Californian musical experimentalism of the late 1950s-early 1960s, at UC-Davis and Mills College. The 11 issues document new music practices of the period like indeterminacy, performance, graphic scores, electronic music and intermedia arts.

Graphic notation (music)
Graphic notation (or graphic score) is the representation of music through the use of visual symbols outside the realm of traditional music notation. Graphic notation became popular in the 1950s, and can be used either in combination with or instead of traditional music notation. Graphic notation was influenced by contemporary visual art trends in its conception, bringing stylistic components from modern art into music. Composers often rely on graphic notation in experimental music, where standard musical notation can be ineffective. Other uses include pieces where an aleatoric or undetermined effect is desired. One of the earliest pioneers of this technique was Earle Brown, who, along with John Cage, sought to liberate performers from the constraints of notation and make them active participants in the creation of the music.
Price, South Australia
Price is a town and locality on Yorke Peninsula in South Australia. It is within the Yorke Peninsula Council local government area and is 131 kilometres (81 mi) north west of the centre of state capital, Adelaide.

Yorke Peninsula Council
The Yorke Peninsula Council is a local government area in South Australia. Its boundaries include most of the Yorke Peninsula. The main Council office is at Maitland; the council also maintains branch offices at Minlaton and Yorketown.
Adalbert (bishop of Orkney)
Adalbert (fl. 1043 x 1072) was an 11th-century prelate. Having been consecrated elsewhere, he is said by the Saxon writer Adam of Bremen to have been sent to become Bishop of Orkney by his namesake, Adalbert, Archbishop of Hamburg. He is mentioned as the successor of Bishop John.

Adam of Bremen relates that a cleric called Albert was established as the first bishop in Trondheim, an event datable to some point between 1067 and 1093. It is possible that Adalbert and Albert are the same person.

Archdiocese of Hamburg
The Archdiocese of  Hamburg (Lat. Archidioecesis Hamburgensis; Ger. Erzbistum Hamburg) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the north of Germany and covers the Federal States of Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein as well as the Mecklenburgian part of the Federal State of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. In terms of surface area it is the largest in Germany. It is characterized by its situation as a diocese in the Diaspora. Seat of the archbishop is the New St. Mary's Cathedral in Sankt Georg, Hamburg. On January 26, 2015 Stefan Heße, Generalvikar of the Archdiocese of Cologne, was appointed Archbishop of Hamburg.
2015–16 East Tennessee State Buccaneers men's basketball team
The 2015–16 East Tennessee State Buccaneers basketball team represented East Tennessee State University during the 2015–16 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Buccaneers, led by first year head coach Steve Forbes, played their home games at the Freedom Hall Civic Center and were of the Southern Conference. They finished the season 24–12, 14–4 in SoCon play to finish in to second place. They defeated Mercer and Furman to advance to the championship game of the SoCon tournament where they lost to Chattanooga. They were invited to the inaugural Vegas 16, which only had eight teams, where they defeated Louisiana Tech in the quarterfinals to advance to the semifinals where they lost to Oakland.

2016 Southern Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2016 Southern Conference men's basketball tournament took place Friday, March 4 through Monday, March 7 in Asheville, North Carolina, at the U.S. Cellular Center. The entire tournament was streamed on ESPN3, with the Southern Conference Championship Game televised on ESPN2 at 9 pm EST. The champion, Chattanooga, received an automatic bid into the 2016 NCAA tournament.
Lucius Laberius Maximus
Lucius Laberius Maximus  was a governor of Roman Egypt in 83 CE, and prefect of the imperial bodyguard, known as the Praetorian Guard, during the reign of Roman Emperor Domitian, in 84 CE.

Prior to achieving these positions, Laberius Maximus had also successfully completed a term as Praefectus annonae, or the prefect in charge of the grain supply of Rome. Maximus attained all three of the highest offices open to members of the equestrian class.

Praetorian Guard
The Praetorian Guard (Latin: cohortes praetoriae) was the imperial guard of the Imperial Roman army that served various roles for the Roman emperor including being a bodyguard unit, counterintelligence, crowd control and gathering military intelligence.

During the Roman Republic, the Praetorian Guards were escorts for high-ranking political officials and were bodyguards for the senior officers of the Roman legions. In 27 BC, after Rome's transition from republic to empire, the first emperor of Rome, Augustus, designated the Praetorians as his personal security escort. For three centuries, the guards of the Roman emperor were also known for their palace intrigues, by whose influence upon imperial politics the Praetorians could overthrow an emperor and then proclaim his successor as the new caesar of Rome. In AD 312, Constantine the Great disbanded the cohortes praetoriae and destroyed their barracks at the Castra Praetoria.
Charles Hodges
Charles Edward Hodges (born June 29, 1947 in Memphis, Tennessee) is an American organist and songwriter. He is known for his high tone on the Hammond B3 organ, that appeared on records by Al Green, and other musicians signed to Hi Records.

Hodges also played on albums by James Carr, Willie Cobbs, Albert Collins and Boz Scaggs. Hi Records acts Syl Johnson, O.V. Wright, as well as Green and Tom Jones, have all recorded songs written by Hodges. Hodges played keyboards on Vanessa Collier's 2017 album, Meeting My Shadow (Ruf Records)  and the Mountain Goats' 2020 album, Getting into Knives (Merge Records).

Albert Collins
Albert Gene Collins (October 1, 1932 – November 24, 1993) was an American electric blues guitarist and singer with a distinctive guitar style. He was noted for his powerful playing and his use of altered tunings and a capo. His long association with the Fender Telecaster led to the title "The Master of the Telecaster".
Arhatha
Arhatha is a 1990 Indian Malayalam film, directed by I. V. Sasi and produced by P. K. R. Pillai. The film stars Mohanlal, Urvashi, Rekha and Suresh Gopi in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Shyam.

Rekha Harris
Sumathi Josephine, better known by her stage name Rekha, is an Indian actress who predominantly works in Tamil and Malayalam films. She also starred in a few Telugu and Kannada films.She was one of the contestants of Bigg Boss Tamil Season 4.
Abies homolepis
Abies homolepis, also known as the Nikko fir or urajiro momi in Japanese, is a species of fir native to the mountains of Pacific-side central and southern Honshū and Shikoku, Japan. It grows at altitudes of 700–2,200 m, often in temperate rain forest with high rainfall and cool, humid summers, and heavy winter snowfall.

Shikoku
Shikoku (四国, Shikoku; pronounced [ɕi̥ꜜ.ko.kɯ, ɕi̥.koꜜ.kɯ] ⓘ, lit. 'four provinces') is the smallest of the four main islands of Japan. It is 225 kilometres (140 miles) long and between 50 and 150 kilometres (30 and 95 miles) wide. It has a population of 3.8 million, the least populated of Japan's four main islands. It is south of Honshu and northeast of Kyushu. Shikoku's ancient names include Iyo-no-futana-shima (伊予之二名島), Iyo-shima (伊予島), and Futana-shima (二名島), and its current name refers to the four former provinces that make up the island: Awa, Tosa, Sanuki, and Iyo.
The Four Valleys
The Four Valleys (Persian: چهار وادی Chahár Vádí) is a book written in Persian by Baháʼu'lláh, the founder of the Baháʼí Faith.  The Seven Valleys (Persian:  هفت وادی Haft-Vádí) was also written by Baháʼu'lláh, and the two books are usually published together under the title The Seven Valleys and the Four Valleys. The two books are distinctly different and have no direct relation.

In February 2019 an authorized translation of both titles was published by the Baháʼí World Centre in the collection The Call of the Divine Beloved.

Baháʼí World Centre
The Baháʼí World Centre is the name given to the spiritual and administrative centre of the Baháʼí Faith, representing sites in or near the cities of Acre and Haifa, Israel.

Much of the international governance and coordination of the Baháʼí Faith occurs at the Baháʼí World Centre, including global teaching plans and study and translation of the Baháʼí holy writings. The Universal House of Justice, representing the supreme governing body of the Baháʼí Faith, resides in Haifa. The Baháʼí World Centre is also a major destination for religious tourism, and the current destination for Baháʼí pilgrimage, attracting annually about one million visitors.

The Baháʼí World Centre was established at this  location due to  Baháʼu'lláh's  imprisonment in Acre in 1868.

The Baháʼí terraces and the Shrine of the Báb on the northern slope of Mount Carmel were added to the World Heritage List in July 2008.
Lingsberg Runestones
The Lingsberg Runestones are two 11th-century runestones, listed as U 240 and U 241 in the Rundata catalog, and one fragment, U 242, that are engraved in Old Norse using the younger futhark. They are at the Lingsberg farm about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) east of Vallentuna (halfway to Kusta), which is about 24 kilometres (15 mi) north of the center of Stockholm, Stockholm County, Sweden, which was part of the former province of Uppland.

The two intact runestones were raised by members of the same family, and on U 241 they engraved for posterity that a grandfather had taken two Danegelds in England. Because the receipt of the Danegeld (tax) indicates likely service with the Scandinavian troops in the Thingmen from 1018 to 1066, the runestones are dated to the second quarter of the 11th century.

Runestone
A runestone is typically a raised stone with a runic inscription, but the term can also be applied to inscriptions on boulders and on bedrock. The tradition of erecting runestones as a memorial to dead men began in the 4th century and lasted into the 12th century, but the majority of the extant runestones date from the late Viking Age. While most of these are located in Scandinavia, particularly Sweden, there are also scattered runestones in locations that were visited by Norsemen. Runestones were usually brightly coloured when erected, though this is no longer evident as the colour has worn off.
Viscount Wentworth
Viscount Wentworth was a title used by:

Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford (1593–1641), English statesman and a major figure in the period leading up to the English Civil War

Baron Wentworth
Edward Noel, 1st Viscount Wentworth (1715–1774)
Thomas Noel, 2nd Viscount Wentworth (1745–1815), British politician

Thomas Noel, 2nd Viscount Wentworth
Thomas Noel, 2nd Viscount Wentworth (18 November 1745 – 17 April 1815) was a British politician who succeeded to a peerage before he could take his seat in the House of Commons, having just been elected in 1774.
2007 Open de Moselle
The 2007 Open de Moselle was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the fifth edition of the Open de Moselle, and was part of the International Series of the 2007 ATP Tour. It took place at the Arènes de Metz in Metz, France, from 1 October until 7 October 2007.

The men's singles featured ATP no. 9, French Open quarterfinalist, Auckland and Beijing runner-up, Sopot champion Tommy Robredo, Miami Masters and Barcelona finalist, Costa do Sauípe winner Guillermo Cañas, and Doha finalist, San Jose titlist Andy Murray. Other seeds were Casablanca and Gstaad champion Paul-Henri Mathieu, Valencia and Kitzbühel runner-up Potito Starace, Gilles Simon, Philipp Kohlschreiber and Igor Andreev.

2007 Qatar Open
The 2007 Qatar Open, known as the 2007 Qatar ExxonMobil Open, for sponsorship reasons, was a men's ATP Tour tennis tournament held in Doha, Qatar from 1 January until 6 January 2007. It was the 15th edition of the Qatar Open.

The tournament saw second-seeded Ivan Ljubičić claim his first of two tournaments this year, and also saw him temporarily lead the ATP race.
Henry Charles Brace
Henry Charles Brace (March 23, 1823 – August 25, 1895) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

Brace was born in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. Other positions Brace held include chairman of the Town Board of Supervisors of Fountain Prairie, Wisconsin. He was a Republican.

Brace died in Harvey, Illinois and was buried in Fall River, Wisconsin.

Stockbridge, Massachusetts
Stockbridge is a town in Berkshire County in Western Massachusetts, United States. It is part of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts, Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,018 at the 2020 census. A year-round resort area, Stockbridge is home to the Norman Rockwell Museum, Naumkeag, a public garden and historic house, the Austen Riggs Center (a psychiatric treatment center), and Chesterwood, home and studio of sculptor Daniel Chester French.
Michigan Veterinary Medical Association
The Michigan Veterinary Medical Association (MVMA) is a not-for-profit association representing more than 2300 Michigan veterinarians working in private and corporate practice, government, industry, educational institutions, and uniformed services. MVMA has four strategic priorities: education, advocacy, resources, and community.

One of the primary sources of continuing education for veterinarians located in the State of Michigan, the MVMA develops and maintains educational programming for DVMs, LVTs, and other members of the veterinary team. In addition to providing information resources and discounts on personal and professional services, the MVMA advocates for veterinary and animal welfare legislation.

The MVMA publishes The Michigan Veterinarian and distributes a monthly e-newsletter.

Veterinarian
A veterinarian (vet) or veterinary surgeon is a medical professional who practices veterinary medicine. They manage a wide range of health conditions and injuries in non-human animals. Along with this, veterinarians also play a role in animal reproduction, health management, conservation, husbandry and breeding and preventive medicine like nutrition, vaccination and parasitic control as well as biosecurity and zoonotic disease surveillance and prevention.
Ernest Masson Anderson
Ernest Masson Anderson FRSE FGS (1877–1960) was a Scottish geologist.

Ernest was born in Falkirk and educated at Falkirk High School and the High School of Dundee before attending the University of Edinburgh, where he received a B.Sc. in 1897, an M.A. in mathematics and natural philosophy in 1898, and a D.Sc. in 1933.

He is known for his contribution to the dynamic analysis of faulting, set out in his book The Dynamics of Faulting and Dyke Formation with Applications to Britain (1951).

Anderson joined the Geological Survey of Great Britain in 1903 and remained with them until his retirement, except for his period of war service from 1916-1917. From 1922 to 1928 he was Senior Geologist to HM Geological Survey (Scotland).

He died in Edinburgh in 1960.

High School of Dundee
The High School of Dundee is a private, co-educational, day school in Dundee, Scotland, which provides nursery, primary and secondary education to just over one thousand pupils. Its foundation has been dated to 1239, and it is the only private school in Dundee.

The school's rector is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.

The school has been registered as a charity in Scotland since July 1897.
Lord North Street
Lord North Street in central London is a short street dating from 1722 of Georgian terraced housing running between Smith Square and Great Peter Street in Westminster, the political heartland of British government. As such the properties have always commanded high fees and featured in many dramatic storylines.

Past residents include the English man of letters Maurice Baring (at North Cottage, No 6, North Street), socialite Sibyl Colefax, founder of the Colefax and Fowler fabrics and wallpaper company, and Harold Wilson, twice Prime Minister who in November 1974 alleged that renegade MI5 operatives had broken into his home.

More recent residents include Jonathan Aitken and Theresa Gorman.

Jonathan Aitken
Jonathan William Patrick Aitken (born 30 August 1942) is a British author, Church of England priest and former Conservative Party politician. Beginning his career in journalism, he was elected to Parliament in 1974 (serving until 1997), and was a member of the cabinet during John Major's premiership from 1994 to 1995. That same year, he was accused by The Guardian of misdeeds conducted under his official government capacity. He sued the newspaper for libel in response, but the case collapsed, and he was subsequently found to have committed perjury during his trial. In 1999, he was sentenced to 18 months in prison, of which he served seven months.

Following his imprisonment, Aitken became a Christian and later became the honorary president of Christian Solidarity Worldwide. He was ordained as an Anglican priest in 2019.