hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
South West Main Line Route Utilisation Strategy
The South West Main Line Route Utilisation Strategy (SWML RUS) was the first Route Utilisation Strategy (RUS) to be produced under the new Network Rail regime. As such it did not completely adhere to the format that has subsequently become 'standard', and needs to be read in conjunction with the prior Draft for Consultation. It was published in May 2006  and was included in a map published by the Office of Rail Regulation as established in May 2007.

For this purpose the South West Main Line covers not only the whole of Network Rail's Route 3 - South West Main Line (with the exception of the Isle of Wight line), but also significant parts of Route 4 - Wessex, specifically Basingstoke to Exeter and routes west of Eastleigh and Redbridge (both near Southampton), as well as the Basingstoke to Reading West line of Route 13 - Great Western Main Line.

The major issue is overcrowding in the peak periods, but other issues are addressed.

Island Line, Isle of Wight
The Island Line is a railway line on the Isle of Wight which links Ryde Pier Head with Shanklin on the Island's east coast. Trains connect at Ryde Pier Head with passenger ferries to Portsmouth Harbour, and these ferries in turn connect with the rest of the National Rail network via the Portsmouth Direct Line. The line also connects to the Isle of Wight Steam Railway, a heritage railway, at Smallbrook Junction. For much of its length the line runs alongside the A3055, criss-crossing this road by means of the Ryde Tunnel and bridges at Rowborough, Morton Common, Lake Hill and Littlestairs.
OpenEV
OpenEV is an open-source geospatial toolkit and a frontend to that toolkit. OpenEV was developed using Python and uses the GDAL library to display georeferenced images and elevation data. The application also has image editing capabilities and uses OpenGL to display elevation data in three-dimensions.

OpenGL
OpenGL (Open Graphics Library) is a cross-language, cross-platform application programming interface (API) for rendering 2D and 3D vector graphics. The API is typically used to interact with a graphics processing unit (GPU), to achieve hardware-accelerated rendering.

Silicon Graphics, Inc. (SGI) began developing OpenGL in 1991 and released it on June 30, 1992. It is used for a variety of applications, including computer-aided design (CAD), video games, scientific visualization, virtual reality, and flight simulation. Since 2006, OpenGL has been managed by the non-profit technology consortium Khronos Group.
Thomas Sinclair (politician, 1857–1940)
Thomas Sinclair, PC (Ire) (17 December 1857 – 25 November 1940) was an Irish unionist politician.

Sinclair studied at Queen's University, Belfast before working as a surgeon.  He was elected to the Senate of Northern Ireland on its creation in 1921.

He was elected as an Ulster Unionist Party Member of Parliament (MP) for Queen's University of Belfast at the 1923 United Kingdom general election.  From 1935 to 1937, Sinclair served as Deputy Speaker of the Senate of Northern Ireland.  He resigned his Westminster seat on 18 September 1940 by appointment as Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds. but held his Senate seat until his death in November.

The businessman and politician Thomas Sinclair was a relative of Sinclair.

Senate of Northern Ireland
The Senate of Northern Ireland was the upper house of the Parliament of Northern Ireland created by the Government of Ireland Act 1920. It was abolished with the passing of the Northern Ireland Constitution Act 1973.
Fuglestad
Fuglestad is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Erik Fuglestad (born 1974), Norwegian footballer and coach

Finn Fuglestad (born 1942), Norwegian historian

Niklas Fuglestad (born 2006), Norwegian footballer

Finn Fuglestad
Finn Fuglestad (born 22 August 1942 in Stavanger) is a Norwegian historian.

He became an associate professor (førsteamanuensis) at the University of Oslo in 1984, and moved up the ranks to become professor in 1991.
Oxylaena
Oxylaena is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.  It has been placed in the tribe Calenduleae. The only known species is Oxylaena acicularis, native to the Cape Provinces of South Africa.

Cape Provinces
The Cape Provinces of South Africa is a biogeographical area used in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD). It is part of the WGSRPD region 27 Southern Africa. The area has the code "CPP". It includes the South African provinces of the Eastern Cape, the Northern Cape and the Western Cape, together making up most of the former Cape Province.

The area includes the Cape Floristic Region, the smallest of the six recognised floral kingdoms of the world, an area of extraordinarily high diversity and endemism, home to more than 9,000 vascular plant species, of which 69 percent are endemic.
Ziyad Saadi
Ziyad Saadi is a Palestinian Canadian writer, actor and filmmaker from Montreal, Quebec, currently based in Vancouver, British Columbia. His debut novel, Three Parties, centred on a young Palestinian American man whose plan to come out as gay on his 23rd birthday goes awry.

The book was shortlisted for the 2025 Dayne Ogilvie Prize for LGBTQ writers.

Prior to publishing Three Parties, Saadi wrote and directed a number of short films, including Hello, My Name Is Death and Don't Open Me, and was a producer of the horror film Bag Boy Lover Boy.

Bag Boy Lover Boy
Bag Boy Lover Boy is a 2014 comedy horror film that was directed by Andres Torres. The movie had its world premiere on July 23, 2014 at the Fantasia Festival and stars Jon Wachter as a hotdog vendor who finds himself becoming the muse of a manipulative photographer, played by Theodore Bouloukos.
Eugene N. Kozloff
Eugene Nicolas Kozloff (26 September 1920 – 4 March 2017) was an American marine biologist and botanist at Shannon Point Marine Center on Fidalgo Island, Washington.  He was an emeritus professor of the Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, and is best known for writing field guides for the Pacific Northwest Region of the United States.

Fidalgo Island
Fidalgo Island is an island in Skagit County, Washington, located about 60 mi (97 km) north of Seattle. To the east, it is separated from the mainland by the Swinomish Channel, and from Whidbey Island to the south by Deception Pass. The island is named after the Spanish explorer and cartographer Salvador Fidalgo, who explored the area in 1790.

Its largest and only city is Anacortes with a population of 17,637 at the time of the 2020 census. Anacortes has ferries with daily service to the San Juan Islands and Guemes Island.
Islam Issa (footballer)
Islam Issa El Sayed Mohamed Attia (Arabic: إسلام عيسى السيد محمد عطية; born 1 February 1996), is an Egyptian footballer who plays for Egyptian Premier League club Ceramica Cleopatra as a right winger.

Islam started his career with Al Nasr in youth level, but struggled to find a place in the first team after getting promoted. He joined Egyptian Third Division side Al Obour in 2016 on a free transfer, and returned to Al Nasr in the following year after showing great potential with the third division side. He plays for Pyramids in the Egyptian Premier League after agreeing on a transfer fee of £E10m (~$565k).

Ceramica Cleopatra FC
Ceramica Cleopatra Football Club (Arabic: نادي سيراميكا كليوباترا لكرة القدم), is an Egyptian football club based in Giza, Egypt. 
The club is owned by Cleopatra Group, founded by Mohamed M. Abou El Enein.

Ceramica Cleopatra FC currently play in the Egyptian Premier League, the highest league in the Egyptian football league system.
Rey de Reyes (2022)
The 2022 Rey de Reyes (Spanish for "2022 King of Kings") was a professional wrestling tournament and supercard event produced by the Mexican Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA) promotion. It was held on February 19, 2022, at Estadio Universitario Beto Ávila in Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico. The 2022 event was the 25th Rey de Reyes show and tournament.

The card comprised eight matches, including one dark match. In the main event, Hijo del Vikingo defeated Johnny Superstar (who previously appeared in AAA as Johnny Mundo) to retain the AAA Mega Championship. In other prominent matches, Psycho Clown become the 2022 Rey de Reyes by defeating Cibernético, Laredo Kid, Bandido, and the returning Heavy Metal in a five-way match, and the returning Taya defeated Lady Shani, Flammer Maravilla, and Keyra in a five-way match-way to become the #1 contender for Deonna Purrazzo's Reina de Reinas Championship.

Lady Flammer
Lady Flammer (born November 9, 1999) is a Mexican luchadora enmascarada (or masked professional wrestler). She is signed with the WWE, and is primarily known for her work for The Crash Lucha Libre. She is a freelancer, working for The Crash Lucha Libre as well as on the Mexican and independent circuit. Flammer's real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans.
German submarine U-905
German submarine U-905 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

She was ordered on 6 August 1942, and was laid down on 26 January 1943 at H. C. Stülcken Sohn, Hamburg, as yard number 802. She was launched on 20 November 1943 and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Heinz-Ehler Brüllau on 8 March 1944.

Oberleutnant zur See
Oberleutnant zur See (OLt zS or OLZS in the German Navy, Oblt.z.S. in the Kriegsmarine) is traditionally the highest rank of Lieutenant in the German Navy. It is grouped as OF-1 in NATO.

The rank was introduced in the Imperial German Navy by renaming the former rank of Premier Lieutenant in 1890. Within the navy, officers of this rank were simply addressed as Herr Oberleutnant. To distinguish naval officers from those of the army, the suffix zur See (at sea) was added in official communications, sometimes shortened to z.S. (Oblt.z.S.). The rank has since been used by the Reichsmarine, Kriegsmarine, and Bundesmarine.  In the Volksmarine, the rank was originally used in the same way until the suffix zur See was dropped. In the Kriegsmarine, engineers (Ingenieur – Ing.) of the same rank were distinguished as Oberleutnant (Ing.).
Battrum
Battrum is an unincorporated community in the Rural Municipality of Riverside No. 168, Saskatchewan, Canada. The community is approximately 56 kilometres (35 mi) northwest of the city of Swift Current on Highway 32. It is named after William Edward Battrum.

Battrum is home to oil fields owned by Mobil.

Petroleum reservoir
A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations. Such reservoirs form when kerogen (ancient plant matter) is created in surrounding rock by the presence of high heat and pressure in the Earth's crust.

Reservoirs are broadly classified as conventional and unconventional reservoirs. In conventional reservoirs, the naturally occurring hydrocarbons, such as crude oil (petroleum) or natural gas, are trapped by overlying rock formations with lower permeability, while in unconventional reservoirs the rocks have high porosity and low permeability, which keeps the hydrocarbons trapped in place, therefore not requiring a cap rock. Reservoirs are found using hydrocarbon exploration methods.
Ramsey and Parkeston
Ramsey and Parkeston (formerly just Ramsey) is a civil parish in the Tendring district, in the county of Essex, England. The parish includes the villages of Ramsey and Parkeston. The neighbouring parishes are Arwarton, Great Oakley, Harkstead, Harwich, Little Oakley, Wix and Wrabness. There are 13 listed buildings in the parish. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 2,383.

Harkstead
Harkstead is a village and civil parish in the county of Suffolk, England. The village is located on the northern bank of the River Stour estuary at Holbrook Bay, and is situated on the Shotley peninsula, around 7 miles (11 km) south of Ipswich. It is part of Babergh local government district.

Most of the civil parish south of the road between the nearby villages of Lower Holbrook and Erwarton lies within the Suffolk Coast and Heaths Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The civil parish is bounded by the neighbouring civil parishes of Holbrook, Chelmondiston and Arwarton. Large areas of the civil parish are classified as Scheduled Monuments due to the presence of ring ditches, post-medieval field boundaries and later prehistoric or Roman field systems.
Patriots Point Athletics Complex
Patriots Point Athletics Complex is a sporting complex in Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina, across the Cooper River (following the Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge) from Charleston, South Carolina and adjacent to the maritime museum at Patriots Point.  It is operated by the College of Charleston Cougars.  Ground was broken in 2001.  The facility is one of 90 college athletics programs to serve alcohol.  It contains the following venues:

CofC Baseball Stadium at Patriots Point

Ralph Lundy Field at Patriots Point

Patriots Point
Patriots Point Naval & Maritime Museum is a naval museum located in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, at the mouth of the Cooper River on the Charleston Harbor, across from Charleston.

The museum attracts more than 300,000 visitors each year with its 1,000,000 square feet of living exhibits and artifacts, landside and on ship.
Bishop Cap Formation
The Bishop Cap Formation is a geologic formation in the Franklin Mountains of southern New Mexico and western Texas and the Hueco Mountains of western Texas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Moscovian to Kasimovian Ages of the early Pennsylvanian.

Bashkirian
The Bashkirian is in the International Commission on Stratigraphy geologic timescale the lowest stage or oldest age of the Pennsylvanian. The Bashkirian age lasted from 323.4 to 315.2 Ma, is preceded by the Serpukhovian and is followed by the Moscovian.

The Bashkirian overlaps with the upper part of the Namurian and lower part of the Westphalian stages from regional European stratigraphy. It also overlaps with the North American Morrowan and Atokan stages and the Chinese Luosuan and lower Huashibanian stages.
1936–37 Svenska mästerskapet (men's handball)
The 1936–37 Svenska mästerskapet was the sixth season of Svenska mästerskapet, a tournament held to determine the Swedish Champions of men's handball. Teams qualified by winning their respective District Championships. 17 teams competed in the tournament. SoIK Hellas were the defending champions, and won their second title, defeating Redbergslids IK in the final. The final was played on 4 April in Alvikshallen in Stockholm, and was watched by 2,101 spectators.

Upsala Studenters IF
Upsala Studenters IF is a Swedish sport club from Uppsala founded in 1908. They club has had sections in basketball, table tennis, athletics, fencing, handball, volleyball, bandy and tennis The handball team was promoted to Allsvenskan in 1937. They won the Swedish championship, decided by a straight knockout tournament, in 1939. After that season, they withdrew from Allsvenskan and never returned. They did, however, play in the last edition of the Swedish championship tournament in 1952 (after that the Swedish champions title was awarded to the league winners). In 2012, the handball team merged with HK71 and formed Uppsala HK.
2012 Lamma Island ferry collision
On 1 October 2012, at approximately 20:23 HKT, the passenger ferries Sea Smooth and Lamma IV collided off Yung Shue Wan, Lamma Island, Hong Kong. This occurred on the National Day of the People's Republic of China, and one of the ships was headed for the commemorative firework display, scheduled to take place half an hour later. With 39 killed and 92 injured, the incident was the deadliest maritime disaster in Hong Kong since 1971.

On 14 February 2015, Sea Smooth′s captain Lai Sai-ming was convicted of 39 counts of manslaughter over the deaths, while Lamma IV′s captain Chow Chi-wai was acquitted of the same charges by the High Court. Both men were found guilty of endangering the safety of others at sea. On 16 February, Lai and Chow were sentenced to eight years' and nine months' imprisonment respectively.

Hong Kong Time
Hong Kong Time (abbreviation: HKT; Chinese: 香港時間; Jyutping: hoeng1 gong2 si4 gaan3) is the time in Hong Kong, observed at UTC+08:00 all year round. The Hong Kong Observatory is the official timekeeper of the Hong Kong Time. It is indicated as Asia/Hong_Kong in the IANA time zone database.
Takeuti's conjecture
In mathematics, Takeuti's conjecture is the conjecture of Gaisi Takeuti that a sequent formalisation of second-order logic has cut-elimination (Takeuti 1953).  It was settled positively:

By Tait, using a semantic technique for proving cut-elimination, based on work by Schütte (Tait 1966);

Independently by Prawitz (Prawitz 1968) and Takahashi by a similar technique (Takahashi 1967), although Prawitz's and Takahashi's proofs are not limited to second-order logic, but concern higher-order logics in general;

It is a corollary of Jean-Yves Girard's syntactic proof of strong normalization for System F.

Takeuti's conjecture is equivalent to the 1-consistency of second-order arithmetic in the sense that each of the statements can be derived from each other in the weak system of primitive recursive arithmetic (PRA). It is also equivalent to the strong normalization of the Girard/Reynold's System F.

Higher-order logic
In mathematics and logic, a higher-order logic (abbreviated HOL) is a form of logic that is distinguished from first-order logic by additional quantifiers and, sometimes, stronger semantics. Higher-order logics with their standard semantics are more expressive, but their model-theoretic properties are less well-behaved than those of first-order logic.

The term "higher-order logic" is commonly used to mean higher-order simple predicate logic. Here "simple" indicates that the underlying type theory is the theory of simple types, also called the simple theory of types. Leon Chwistek and Frank P. Ramsey proposed this as a simplification of ramified theory of types specified in the Principia Mathematica by Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell. Simple types is sometimes also meant to exclude polymorphic and dependent types.
The Originals season 5
The Originals, a one-hour American supernatural drama, was renewed for a fifth season by The CW on May 10, 2017. The 2016–17 United States television season debut of The Originals was pushed to midseason, as with the fourth-season premiere. On July 20, 2017, Julie Plec announced via Twitter that the upcoming season would be the series' last. The fifth season consists of 13 episodes and debuted on April 18, 2018. The series finale aired on August 1, 2018.

The Originals (TV series)
The Originals is an American supernatural drama television series. It is a spin-off of The Vampire Diaries and the first television series expansion of the franchise based on its parent series. The series follows vampire-werewolf hybrid Klaus Mikaelson as he and his family become embroiled in the supernatural politics of the French Quarter of New Orleans.

It began airing on the CW on October 3, 2013. On July 20, 2017, it was announced by series creator Julie Plec that the series' fifth season would be its last. The final season began airing in April 2018 and finished on August 1, 2018.
1926 in Japan
Events in the year 1926 in Japan. In the history of Japan, it marks the final year of the Taishō period, Taishō 15 (大正15年), upon the death of Emperor Taishō on December 25, and the beginning of the Shōwa period, Shōwa 1, (昭和元年), upon the accession of his son Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito). In the Japanese calendar Shōwa 1 was just six days long, prior to January 1 Showa 2 (1927, 昭和2年).

Japanese calendar
Japanese calendar types have included a range of official and unofficial systems. At present, Japan uses the Gregorian calendar together with year designations stating the year of the reign of the current Emperor. The written form starts with the year, then the month and finally the day, coinciding with the ISO 8601 standard.

For example, February 16, 2003, can be written as either 2003年2月16日 or 平成15年2月16日 (the latter following the regnal year system). 年 reads nen and means "year", 月 reads gatsu and means "month", and finally 日 (usually) reads nichi (its pronunciation depends on the number that precedes it, see below) and means "day".

Prior to the introduction of the Gregorian calendar in 1873, the reference calendar was based on the lunisolar Chinese calendar.
Peter Ingram (cricketer, born 1869)
Peter Robert Ingram (21 February 1869 – 8 December 1955(1955-12-08) (aged 86)) played first-class cricket for Somerset in two matches in 1910. He was born near Inverurie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland and died at Perranporth, Cornwall.

Ingram was a lower order left-handed batsman and a slow left-arm orthodox spin bowler. At the age of 41, he played in two matches inside a week for Somerset and failed to take a wicket in either of them; both matches were lost within two days. In his first match, however, he caught Frank Woolley when the Kent batsman had made 99. And in the second he scored seven runs in each innings and these were jointly his highest first-class innings.

Frank Woolley
Frank Edward Woolley (27 May 1887 – 18 October 1978) was an English professional cricketer who played for Kent County Cricket Club between 1906 and 1938 and represented the England cricket team. A genuine all-rounder, Woolley was a left-handed batsman and a left-arm bowler. He was also an outstanding  close-in fielder and remains the only non-wicket-keeper to have taken more than 1,000 catches in a first-class career. His aggregate of runs scored is the second-highest in first-class cricket history, while total number of wickets places him 27th overall.

Woolley played 64 Test matches for England between 1909 and 1934 and is widely  regarded as one of the greatest all-rounders in the history of the sport. He was named a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in the 1911 and was inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame in 2009.
Midland Flyers
The Midland Flyers are a Canadian junior ice hockey team based in Midland, Ontario.  They play in the Provincial Junior Hockey League and were former members of the Georgian Mid-Ontario Junior C Hockey League.

Clarence Schmalz Cup
The Clarence Schmalz Cup is the Ontario Hockey Association's Junior "C" ice hockey championship and championship trophy. The champions of the Provincial Junior Hockey League (PJHL) are awarded the Cup.  The PJHL was formed in 2016 from the former 8 provincial leagues that previously competed in a tournament, commonly called the All-Ontario Championships, to determine the winner of the Cup.
David Eggen
David Manson Eggen ECA MLA (born 1962) is a Canadian politician. He is a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, in 2019 he was elected as the member representing Edmonton-North West. He previously served three terms as the member representing Edmonton Calder from 2004-2008 and then again from 2012-2019. In 2014, Eggen ran in the NDP leadership election, where he placed second. He served as the Minister of Education and Minister of Culture and Tourism in Premier Notley's NDP government from 2015-2019. He is the longest current member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta.

Edmonton-North West (provincial electoral district)
Edmonton-North West is a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada that has existed twice, first as Edmonton North West between 1959 and 1971, and for a second time since 2019. The district is one of 87 districts mandated to return a single member (MLA) to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using the first past the post method of voting.