hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jo, the Beautiful Irishwoman
Jo, the Beautiful Irishwoman (French: Jo, la belle irlandaise) is the title of a series of four oil on canvas bust-length portraits by Gustave Courbet. They all show the same redheaded Irish model Joanna Hiffernan (c.1843 – c.1905) looking in a mirror – she also modelled for Whistler. The works have minor differences in details and dimensions but their exact chronology is unknown. They are now in the Nationalmuseum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art and a private collection.

Joanna Hiffernan
Joanna Hiffernan (1843 – 3 July 1886) or Joanna Heffernan was an Irish artists' model and muse who was romantically linked with American painter James Abbott McNeill Whistler and French painter Gustave Courbet. In addition to being an artists' model, Hiffernan herself also drew and painted, although it is not believed she ever exhibited her work.
Michael E. Sobel
Michael Edward Sobel is an American statistician who is a professor in the Department of Statistics at Columbia University. He is known for developing the Sobel test, a statistical test that is used to detect the presence of mediation between two variables by a third variable.

Statistical hypothesis test
A statistical hypothesis test is a method of statistical inference used to decide whether the data provide sufficient evidence to reject a particular hypothesis. A statistical hypothesis test typically involves a calculation of a test statistic. Then a decision is made, either by comparing the test statistic to a critical value or equivalently by evaluating a p-value computed from the test statistic. Roughly 100 specialized statistical tests are in use and noteworthy.
Maryam March Maharani
Maryam March Maharani (born 8 March 2000) is an Indonesian judoka. She competed in the women's 52 kg event at the 2024 Summer Olympics and became flagbearer at the opening ceremony.

Maharani secured her spots for women's under 52 kg categories, after being ranked sixth out of ten eligible judoka through the Asian women's continental quota allocation, in the IJF final Olympics ranking.

Maharani ended a 12-year wait for Indonesia to send another judo athlete to the Olympics. Maharani became the first judo athlete to represent Indonesia at the Olympics since Putu Wiradamungga at the 2012 Olympics.

Maharani finished in the top 16 position after being defeated by 2020 Olympic gold medalist, Distria Krasniqi, who later won silver in this event.

Judo at the 2024 Summer Olympics
Judo competitions at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris took place from 27 July to 3 August at Grand Palais Éphémère in Champ de Mars. The number of judokas competing across fourteen weight categories at these Games had been reduced from 393 in Tokyo 2020 to 372, with an equal distribution between men and women.

Despite the slight changes in athlete figures, the judo programme for Paris 2024 remained constant from the previous editions, as the competition featured an equal number of bodyweight classes for men and women, with seven each, and the return of the mixed team tournament.
Asian Gymnastics Championships
The Asian Gymnastic Union (AGU) organizes Asian Gymnastics Championships for each of the FIG gymnastic disciplines: men's and women's artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics, acrobatic gymnastics, aerobic gymnastics and trampoline gymnastics. This article lists only the senior editions of the Asian Gymnastics Championships, in which competitors must be over 16 years of age. Specific editions of the Asian Championships also exist for junior athletes; for example, the first edition of the Junior Asian Artistic Gymnastics Championships was held in 1971, but the first senior edition of the tournament was only held in 1996. Similarly, Junior Asian Trampoline Championships were held in 2010 and 2012, but only in 2014 the Asian Gymnastics Union held a senior tournament  in conjunction with the junior championships for the first time.

Trampolining
Trampolining or trampoline gymnastics is a competitive Olympic sport in which athletes perform acrobatics while bouncing on a trampoline. In competition, these can include simple jumps in the straight, pike, tuck, or straddle position to more complex combinations of forward and/or backward somersaults and twists. Scoring is based on the difficulty and on the total seconds spent in the air; points are deducted for bad form and horizontal displacement from the center of the bed.

Outside of the Olympics, competitions are referred to as gym sport, trampoline gymnastics, or gymnastics, which includes the events of trampoline, synchronised trampoline, double mini trampoline and tumbling.
Box 13 scandal
The Box 13 scandal was a political scandal in Jim Wells County, Texas, during the 1948 United States Senate elections, regarding disputed votes in a Democratic primary involving Lyndon B. Johnson and Coke Stevenson.

Political scandal
In politics, a political scandal is an action or event regarded as morally or legally wrong and causing general public outrage. Politicians, government officials, party officials and lobbyists can be accused of various illegal, corrupt,  unethical or sexual practices. Politicians and officials who are embroiled in scandals are more likely to retire or get lower vote shares.
Engine gun
An engine gun, or engine cannon (from German: Motorkanone, "motor cannon"), is an aircraft gun mounted behind and through the cylinder block of an inline aircraft engine (most often a V engine) with a reduction drive that displaces the propeller axle to be in line with the gun so that gunfire is allowed through the propeller hub. This allows for nose-mounted weaponry on aircraft without the need for synchronization gear while also permitting higher calibers for nose-mounted weaponry, which otherwise would be hard to adapt for synchronization gear.

The first time this was done was during World War I when the French modified the Hispano-Suiza 8 engine to be able to install a 37 mm autocannon. The concept was used widely before the Jet Age.

Engine block
In an internal combustion engine, the engine block is the structure that contains the cylinders and other components. The engine block in an early automotive engine consisted of just the cylinder block, to which a separate crankcase was attached. Modern engine blocks typically have the crankcase integrated with the cylinder block as a single component. Engine blocks often also include elements such as coolant passages and oil galleries.

The term "cylinder block" is often used interchangeably with "engine block". However, technically, the block of a modern engine (i.e., multiple cylinders integrated with another component) would be classified as a monobloc.
Kevin Connors
Kevin Connors is a sports television journalist for ESPN.  He is among the most versatile studio hosts in sports television, handling ESPN's coverage of college basketball and college football, as well as serving as the primary host for Baseball Tonight. He is also a regular anchor on SportsCenter. In addition, Connors has handled play-by-play duties for college basketball, college football, boxing and Major League Baseball broadcasts on ESPN. He is also a voice in the popular EA Sports video game "College Football 25." Connors was previously a sports reporter and sports anchor for WCBS-TV, the flagship station of CBS in New York City and WCBS-880.

WCBS-TV
WCBS-TV (channel 2), branded CBS New York, is a television station in New York City. It is the flagship station of the CBS television network, owned and operated through its CBS News and Stations division. Under common ownership with Riverhead, New York–licensed independent station WLNY-TV (channel 55), the two stations share studios within the CBS Broadcast Center on West 57th Street in Midtown Manhattan; WCBS-TV's transmitter is located at One World Trade Center.
United States v. Morgan
United States v. Morgan is the name of a number of noted court cases:

United States v. Morgan (1939) (307 U.S. 183), a U.S. Supreme Court case concerning temporary disposition of funds set aside due to anomalies in stockyard rate determinations

United States v. Morgan (1941) (313 U.S. 409), a U.S. Supreme Court case establishing the Morgan Doctrine where the Court cautioned against the taking of depositions from high-ranking government officials.

United States v. Morgan (1953) (118 F. Supp. 621 S.D.N.Y. 1953), a U.S. district court case involving antitrust accusations against 17 Wall Street firms and commonly referred to as the Investment Bankers Case

United States v. Morgan (1954) (346 U.S. 502), a U.S. Supreme court case providing the writ of coram nobis for those who have completed a conviction's sentence

United States v. Morgan (1941)
United States v. Morgan, 313 U.S. 409 (1941), is the fourth and final decision by the United States Supreme Court in a long battle between the Secretary of Agriculture and market agencies on the reasonable rates to be rendered for services.  The Court held that, under the Packers and Stockyards Act, the Secretary of Agriculture had the authority and he properly determined the reasonable rates for services rendered by market agencies.
Dave Freudenthal
David Duane Freudenthal (born October 12, 1950) is an American politician, attorney and economist who served as the 31st Governor of Wyoming from 2003 to 2011. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served from 1994 to 2001 as the United States Attorney for the District of Wyoming. To date, he is the last Democrat to have won or held statewide office in Wyoming.

United States District Court for the District of Wyoming
The United States District Court for the District of Wyoming (in case citations, D. Wyo.)  is the federal district court whose jurisdiction comprises the state of Wyoming and those portions of Yellowstone National Park situated in Montana and Idaho; it is the only federal court district that includes portions of more than one state, creating a possible "Zone of Death" where it would be difficult to prosecute crimes. The court has locations in Cheyenne and Casper.

Appeals from this court are heard by the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The United States Attorney's Office for the District of Wyoming represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court.  As of August 11, 2025, the acting United States attorney is 	Darin Smith.
Chowla–Mordell theorem
In mathematics, the Chowla–Mordell theorem is a result in number theory determining cases where a Gauss sum is the square root of a prime number, multiplied by a root of unity. It was proved and published independently by Sarvadaman Chowla and Louis Mordell, around 1951.

In detail, if  is a prime number,  a nontrivial Dirichlet character modulo , and

where  is a primitive -th root of unity in the complex numbers, then

is a root of unity if and only if  is the quadratic residue symbol modulo . The 'if' part was known to Gauss: the contribution of Chowla and Mordell was the 'only if' direction. The ratio in the theorem occurs in the functional equation of L-functions.

Modulo
In computing and mathematics, the modulo operation returns the remainder or signed remainder of a division, after one number is divided by another, the latter being called the modulus of the operation.

Given two positive numbers a and n, a modulo n (often abbreviated as a mod n) is the remainder of the Euclidean division of a by n, where a is the dividend and n is the divisor.

For example, the expression "5 mod 2" evaluates to 1, because 5 divided by 2 has a quotient of 2 and a remainder of 1, while "9 mod 3" would evaluate to 0, because 9 divided by 3 has a quotient of 3 and a remainder of 0.

Although typically performed with a and n both being integers, many computing systems now allow other types of numeric operands. The range of values for an integer modulo operation of n is 0 to n − 1. a mod 1 is always 0.

When exactly one of a or n is negative, the basic definition breaks down, and programming languages differ in how these values are defined.
Rublood
Rublood is an Italian industrial metal band from Turin, Italy. Formed in 2010, the group are noted for their dark horror-themed lyrics, pessimistic and misanthropic social commentary, distinctive trademark face paint, dark stage uniforms and physical appearances that correspond to gothic fashion.
Rublood have supported live acts by bands such as Avatar, Deathstars and Sex Gang Children the latter of which was part of the inspiration for Rublood. In 2015 the band appearance at the Chania Rock Festival in Chania, Greece where they shared the stage with Sabaton, Gus G and Flotsam and Jetsam  and supported Butcher Babies and Hanzel und Gretyl on their 2015 tour through Italy.

Chania Rock Festival
Chania Rock Festival is a rock festival held in Chania, Greece.
The festival's history begins back in 2002.
It is located right in the middle of the old city of Chania, next to the famous old port of the city. It is an old Venetian Bastion facing the sea.
Karnataka Vikas Grameena Bank
The Karnataka Vikas Grameena Bank (KVGB) (12 September 2005– 30 April 2025) was an Indian Regional Rural Bank sponsored by Canara Bank. It is under the ownership of the Ministry of Finance, Government of India. The bank provides retail banking services to rural users and has 629 branches in North and Western Karnataka. On 1 May 2025 Karnataka Vikas Grameena Bank amalgamated with Karnataka Gramin Bank to form Karnataka Grameena Bank

Ministry of Finance (India)
The Ministry of Finance (IAST: Vitta Mantrālaya) is a ministry of the Government of India concerned with the economy of India, serving as the Treasury of India. In particular, it concerns itself with taxation, financial legislation, financial institutions, capital markets, currency regulation, banking service, centre and state finances, and the Union Budget.

The Ministry of Finance is the apex controlling authority of four central civil services namely Indian Revenue Service, Indian Audit and Accounts Service, Indian Economic Service and Indian Civil Accounts Service. It is also the apex controlling authority of one of the central commerce services namely Indian Cost and Management Accounts Service.
2024 Pennzoil 400
The 2024 Pennzoil 400 was a NASCAR Cup Series race held on March 3, 2024, at Las Vegas Motor Speedway in North Las Vegas, Nevada. Contested over 267 laps on the 1.5 mi (2.4 km) asphalt intermediate speedway, it was the third race of the 2024 NASCAR Cup Series season. Kyle Larson won the race. Tyler Reddick finished 2nd, and Ryan Blaney finished 3rd. Ross Chastain and Ty Gibbs rounded out the top five, and Noah Gragson, Martin Truex Jr., Denny Hamlin, Joey Logano, and William Byron rounded out the top ten.

William Byron (racing driver)
William McComas Byron Jr. (born November 29, 1997) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 24 Chevrolet ZL1 for Hendrick Motorsports, and part-time in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series, driving the No. 88 Chevrolet SS for JR Motorsports.

Byron won the 2015 NASCAR K&N Pro Series East Championship and the Rookie of the Year award in the 2016 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series season. The following season, he won both the 2017 NASCAR Xfinity Series Championship and the 2017 Sunoco Rookie of the Year. He also won the 2018 NASCAR Cup Series Rookie of the Year award. He is the 2024 and 2025 Daytona 500 winner, and the 2025 NASCAR Cup Series Regular Season Champion.
Medullary thyroid cancer
Medullary thyroid cancer is a form of thyroid carcinoma which originates from the parafollicular cells (C cells), which produce the hormone calcitonin.
Medullary tumors are the third most common of all thyroid cancers and together make up about 3% of all thyroid cancer cases. MTC was first characterized in 1959.

Approximately 25% of medullary thyroid cancer cases are genetic in nature, caused by a mutation in the RET proto-oncogene. When MTC occurs by itself it is termed sporadic medullary thyroid cancer. Medullary thyroid cancer is seen in people with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, subtypes 2A and 2B. When medullary thyroid cancer due to a hereditary genetic disorder occurs without other endocrine tumours it is termed familial medullary thyroid cancer.

Five-year survival rate
The five-year survival rate is a type of survival rate for estimating the prognosis of a particular disease, normally calculated from the point of diagnosis. Lead time bias from earlier diagnosis can affect interpretation of the five-year survival rate.

There are absolute and relative survival rates, but the latter are more useful and commonly used.
Hiyoshi Taisha
Hiyoshi Taisha (日吉大社) is a Shinto shrine located in the city of Ōtsu, Shiga Prefecture Japan. This shrine is one of the Twenty-Two Shrines. Known before World War II as Hiei Taisha (日枝大社) or Hie jinja, "Hiyoshi" is now the preferred spelling. It was also known as the Sanno Gongen (山王権現). The head shrine in Ōtsu heads the seventh largest shrine network in Japan,  with approximately 3800 Hiyoshi, Hie, and Sannō shrines nationwide. Torii of this shrine have a distinctive configuration, known as the "Sannō torii", with a gaggle above the main crossbeam. The 400,000 square meter precincts centered is designated as a National Historic Site, and the east and west main shrine buildings, the Nishi Hongū (西本宮) and Higashi Hongū (東本宮) are designated as National Treasures, and many of the structures in the precincts are designated as National Important Cultural Properties.

Important Cultural Property (Japan)
An Important Cultural Property (重要文化財, jūyō bunkazai) is an item officially classified as Tangible Cultural Property by the Japanese government's Agency for Cultural Affairs (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) and judged to be of particular importance to the history, arts, and culture of the Japanese people.
Stack Rock Fort
Stack Rock Fort is a fort built on a small island in the Milford Haven Waterway, Pembrokeshire, Wales. A 3-gun fort was built between 1850 and 1852, and then upgraded from 1859 to 1871 with a new building that completely encased the original gun tower. It is now a Grade II* listed building and a scheduled monument (registered SAM number PE334).

Milford Haven Waterway
Milford Haven Waterway (Welsh: Dyfrffordd Aberdaugleddau) is a natural harbour in Pembrokeshire, Wales. It is a ria or drowned valley which was flooded at the end of the last ice age. The Daugleddau estuary winds west to the sea. As one of the deepest natural harbours in the world, it is a busy shipping channel, trafficked by ferries from Pembroke Dock to Ireland, oil tankers and pleasure craft. Admiral Horatio Nelson, visiting the haven with the Hamiltons, described it as the next best natural harbour to Trincomalee in Ceylon (today's Sri Lanka) and "the finest port in Christendom". Much of the coastline of the Waterway is designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest, listed as Milford Haven Waterway SSSI.
S. Andi Thevar
S. Andi Thevar was an Indian politician and a former member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. He was born on June 1, 1934, in P. Kalappanpatti.

He completed his schooling in Usilampatti, pursued his collegiate education at St. Xavier's College, Palayamkottai, and obtained his law degree from the Madras Law College. A member of the All India Forward Bloc party, he was elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Usilampatti Assembly constituency in the 1980 general elections.

St. Xavier's College, Palayamkottai
St. Xavier's College, Palayamkottai, is a Jesuit college of arts and science affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tamil Nadu, India. The college was founded in 1923 by Jesuit Fr. Jerome D'Souza (1897–1977). The college is ranked 36th among colleges in India by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) in 2024.
2026 ATP Tour
The 2026 ATP Tour is the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2026 tennis season. The 2026 ATP Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments, supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), the ATP Finals, the ATP Tour Masters 1000, the ATP 500, the ATP 250, and the United Cup (organized with the WTA). Also included in the 2026 calendar are the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), Next Gen ATP Finals, Hopman Cup and Laver Cup, none of which distribute ranking points.

Hopman Cup
The Hopman Cup is an international tennis tournament that plays mixed teams (one male and one female) on a country-by-country basis. It was first held in Perth, Western Australia each year from 1989 to 2019, played on indoor hardcourt, before being replaced on the calendar in 2020 by the now defunct ATP Cup, which was in turn replaced by the United Cup. The tournament was played in an eight-team format, with the exception for the years 1990-1995, with twelve teams competing. It returned in July 2023 in Nice, France and was played on outdoor clay, with six teams invited to participate. This continued in 2025, with the tournament being held in Bari, Italy on hard courts.
Durga Jain
Durga Jain is an Indian social worker known for her works related to betterment of children with Down syndrome. She was married into the Sahu Jain family and when her daughter was born, the daughter was detected with Down syndrome. She started a center for similar children; called  Tinker Bell School at Pedder Road, Mumbai in 1968 which later on moved within the premises of Sophia College in 1970. The institute received funds from her father-in-law Shreyans Prasad Jain. It later developed into a full-time institute as SPJ Sadhana School. In 2014, she was awarded with Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian honour.

Sophia College for Women
Sophia College (Autonomous) is an undergraduate women's college established in 1941 by Society of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. It is affiliated to the University of Mumbai. The governing body of The Society for the Higher Education of Women in India runs the college. The Religious Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and lay staff form the staff of the college. Sophia, as the name suggests, stands for Wisdom in Greek Σοφία.
The Street That Cut Everything
The Street That Cut Everything is a British television documentary presented by BBC political editor Nick Robinson. Billed as a social experiment, 50 residents of a street in Preston, Lancashire were persuaded to go without all council services for six weeks, and work together to run their own community with the aid of the Council Tax rebates they received for not having local authority services. One of the film's objectives was to highlight the issue of cuts in public spending, but the programme attracted criticism for the nature in which the experiment was conducted. One major point of concern involved dogs being allowed to excessively foul the street, which the residents were then required to clean up, something which raised public health concerns. The programme was aired in two episodes on Monday 16 May 2011.

Council Tax
Council Tax is a local taxation system used in England, Scotland and Wales. It is a tax on domestic property, which was introduced in 1993 by the Local Government Finance Act 1992, replacing the short-lived Community Charge (also known as "poll tax"), which in turn had replaced the domestic rates. Each property is assigned one of eight bands in England and Scotland (A to H), or nine bands in Wales (A to I), based on property value, and the tax is set as a fixed amount for each band. The higher the band, the higher the tax. Some property is exempt from the tax, and some people are exempt from the tax, while some get a discount.

In 2011, the average annual levy on a property in England was £1,196 (equivalent to £1,841 in 2023). In 2014–15, the tax raised enough money to cover 24.3% of council expenditure.

Council Tax is difficult to avoid or evade and therefore has one of the highest collection rates of any tax, with in-year collection rates of 97.0% in 2014–15.