hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dramyin
The dramyin or dranyen (Tibetan: སྒྲ་སྙན་, Wylie: sgra-snyan; Dzongkha: dramnyen; Chinese: 扎木聂; pinyin: zhamunie) is a traditional Himalayan folk music lute with six strings, used primarily as an accompaniment to singing in the Drukpa Buddhist culture and society in Bhutan, as well as in Tibet, Ladakh, Sikkim and Himalayan West Bengal. It is often used in religious festivals of Tibetan Buddhism (cf. tshechu). The instrument is played by strumming, fingerpicking or (most commonly) plucking. The dramyen, chiwang (fiddle), and lingm (flute) comprise the basic instrumental inventory for traditional Bhutanese folk music.

Tuning mechanisms for stringed instruments
A variety of methods are used to tune different stringed instruments. Most change the pitch produced when the string is played by adjusting the tension of the strings.

A tuning peg in a pegbox is perhaps the most common system. A peg has a grip or knob on it to allow it to be turned. A tuning pin is a tuning peg with a detachable grip, called a tuning lever. The socket on the tuning lever fits over the pin and allows it to be turned. Tuning pins are used on instruments where there is no space for a knob on each string, such as pianos and harps.

Turning the peg or pin tightens or loosens the string. Some tuning pegs and pins are tapered, some threaded. Some tuning pegs are ornamented with shell, metal, or plastic inlays, beads (pips) or rings.

Other tuning systems include screw-and-lever tuners, geared tuners, and the konso friction tuning system (using braided leather rings).
Church of São Salvador (Trofa)
The Church of São Salvador (Portuguese: Capela e Panteão dos Lemos/Igreja Paroquial de Trofa/Igreja de São Salvador) is a church in the civil parish of Trofa, Segadães e Lamas do Vouga, in the municipality of Águeda, in the Portuguese Centro district of Aveiro.

Central Region, Portugal
The Central Region (Portuguese: Região do Centro, IPA: [ʁɨʒiˈɐ̃w du ˈsẽtɾu]), also known as Central Portugal (Portugal Central), is one of the statistical regions of Portugal. The cities with major administrative status inside this region are Coimbra, Aveiro, Viseu, Leiria, Castelo Branco and Guarda. It is one of the seven Regions of Portugal (NUTS II subdivisions). It is also one of the regions of Europe, as given by the European Union for statistical and geographical purposes. Its area totals 28,462 km2 (10,989 sq mi). As of 2011, its population totalled 2,327,026 inhabitants, with a population density of 82 inhabitants per square kilometre.
RAF Rhine
RAF Rhine was the name of the Royal Air Force command that comprised units posted to Germany in 1919 as part of the occupying forces following the First World War. It was previously the HQ RAF Army of the Rhine, which was formed during June 1919 at Marienburg, Cologne. It was renamed to RAF Rhine during October 1919 while at still Marienburg. The Royal Air Force presence in Germany was wound down to No. 12 Squadron RAF and 'Q' Unit RAF.

'Q' Unit was formed during October 1919 at Eil, it was disbanded during May 1920.

RAF Rhine existed until at least June 1920, with the disbandedment the remaining units were directly under command of the Army of Occupation. RAF Rhine continued to be listed in AFL until at least July 1922.

Its headquarters were at Bickendorf, Germany.

Commanders:

4 Jan 1919 Maj-Gen Sir John Higgins known as John Higgins

7 May 1919 Maj-Gen Sir John Salmond

John Salmond
Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir John Maitland Salmond, GCB, CMG, CVO, DSO & Bar (17 July 1881 – 16 April 1968) was a British military officer who rose to high rank in the Royal Flying Corps and then the Royal Air Force. During the First World War he served as a squadron commander, a wing commander and then as General Officer Commanding the RAF on the Western Front towards the end of the war. He went on to be Air Officer Commanding British Forces in Iraq in the early 1920s when he halted a Turkish invasion and sought to put down a Kurdish uprising against King Faisal, the British-sponsored ruler of Iraq. He was Chief of the Air Staff in the early 1930s and bitterly opposed the position taken by British politicians at the World Disarmament Conference in Geneva, which would have led to the UK's complete aerial disarmament. In the event the talks broke down when Adolf Hitler withdrew from the Conference in October 1933.
Dat Phan
Dat Phan (born January 25, 1975) is a Vietnamese-American stand-up comedian. He first rose to fame in 2003 after defeating runner-up Ralphie May to win Season 1 of Last Comic Standing.

In Fall 2004, he returned for the third season dubbed "Battle of the Best" which featured contestants from season 1 against season 2. He and May were eliminated in the fifth round.

Love Is the Drug (film)
Love Is the Drug (also known as Addicted to Her Love) is a 2006 American drama film produced by Box Office Productions and Alpine Pictures. Directed by Elliott Lester, it was filmed in Los Angeles, California. It was previewed at the Slamdance Film Festival in January 2006 before being released theatrically on a limited basis in Seattle, Washington, on October 6, 2006. Starring John Patrick Amedori, Lizzy Caplan, and D.J. Cotrona, the film tells the story of a social outcast who becomes obsessed with a pretty wealthy girl and begins stealing drugs for her friends to be near her. It received mixed reviews from critics.
Gyrification
Gyrification is the process of forming the characteristic folds of the cerebral cortex. The peak of such a fold is called a gyrus (pl. gyri), and its trough is called a sulcus (pl. sulci).  The neurons of the cerebral cortex reside in a thin layer of gray matter, only 2–4 mm thick, at the surface of the brain.  Much of the interior volume is occupied by white matter, which consists of long axonal projections to and from the cortical neurons residing near the surface.  Gyrification allows a larger cortical surface area, and hence greater cognitive functionality to fit inside a smaller cranium.

In most mammals, gyrification begins during fetal development. Primates, cetaceans, and ungulates have extensive cortical gyri, with a few species exceptions, while small rodents such as the rat, and mouse have none. Gyrification in some animals, for example the ferret, continues well into postnatal life.

Polymicrogyria
Polymicrogyria (PMG) is a condition that affects the development of the human brain by multiple small gyri (microgyri) creating excessive folding of the brain leading to an abnormally thick cortex. This abnormality can affect either one region of the brain or multiple regions.

The time of onset has yet to be identified; however, it has been found to occur before birth in either the earlier or later stages of brain development. Early stages include impaired proliferation and migration of neuroblasts, while later stages show disordered post-migration development.

The symptoms experienced differ depending on what part of the brain is affected. There is no specific treatment to get rid of this condition, but there are medications that can control the symptoms such as seizures, delayed development or weakened muscles as some of the noted effects.
Edoardo Scotti
Edoardo Scotti (born 9 May 2000) is an Italian male 400 meter dash runner, who won a gold medal at the 2018 IAAF World U20 Championships and was a finalist at the 2018 European Athletics Championships with the Italian national track relay team. He competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics, in 400 m.

Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metres
The men's 400 metres event at the 2020 Summer Olympics took place between 1 and 5 August 2021 at the Olympic Stadium. Approximately fifty athletes were expected to compete; the exact number was dependent on how many nations use universality places to enter athletes in addition to the 48 qualifying through time or ranking (3 universality places were used in 2016). 48 athletes from 33 nations competed. The event was won by 0.23 seconds by Steven Gardiner of the Bahamas, with Anthony Zambrano of Colombia taking silver. Those were the first medals in the men's 400 metres for each of those two nations. Kirani James of Grenada won his third consecutive medal in the event with his bronze, making him the first man to earn three medals in the 400 metres.
Droserapites
Droserapites is a genus of extinct plants of somewhat uncertain droseracean affinity. It is a form taxon known only from fossil pollen.

Droserapites pollen grains are united in tetrads (groups of four). Individual grains are inaperturate. The exine is mixed with dense, superposed clavate and baculate processes, whereas the sexine is reticulate.

Pollen of D. clavatus has been found in the Miocene Peliao Sandstone of Taiwan. It generally matches that of extant Drosera in morphology. In his formal description of the genus, Tseng-Chieng Huang suggested that Droserapites may be related to Droseridites and Quadrisperites.

The tetrads of D. clavatus are tetrahedral and 34–40 μm in diameter. Individual grains are subspheroidal and measure 18–25 μm in width. They have a roughly circular amb that is abruptly acute at the distal pole. The exine is 0.5–1 μm thick, with 2–3 μm long clavae or bacula.

Tetrad (meiosis)
The tetrad is the four spores produced after meiosis of a yeast or other Ascomycota, Chlamydomonas or other alga, or a plant. After parent haploids mate, they produce diploids. Under appropriate environmental conditions, diploids sporulate and undergo meiosis. The meiotic products, spores, remain packaged in the parental cell body to produce the tetrad.
Rota (surname)
Rota is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfredo Rota (born 1975), Italian fencer

Anthony Rota (born 1961), Canadian Member of Parliament

Carlo Rota (born 1961), Canadian chef and actor

Cristina Rota (born 1945), Argentine playwright, actress, director and acting coach

Darcy Rota (born 1953), Canadian ice hockey player

Gian-Carlo Rota (1932–1999), Italian-born American mathematician and philosopher

Jérôme Rota (born 1973), French software developer

Marco Rota (born 1942), Italian Disney comic artist

Martino Rota (c. 1520–1583), artist

Nino Rota (1911–1979), Italian composer

Randy Rota (born 1950), Canadian ice hockey player

Sal Rota, American musician

Simone Rota (born 1984), Filipino football player

Lazaros Rota Greek football player

Randy Rota
Randolph Frank Rota (born August 16, 1950) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey center and winger who played 212 games in the National Hockey League and 90 games in the World Hockey Association. He played for the Montreal Canadiens, Los Angeles Kings, Kansas City Scouts, Colorado Rockies, and Edmonton Oilers. Rota was born in Creston, British Columbia, and raised in Kamloops.
Square root of 5
The square root of 5, denoted ⁠⁠, is the positive real number that, when multiplied by itself, gives the natural number 5. Along with its conjugate ⁠⁠, it solves the quadratic equation ⁠⁠, making it a quadratic integer, a type of algebraic number. ⁠⁠ is an irrational number, meaning it cannot be written as a fraction of integers. The first forty significant digits of its decimal expansion are:

2.236067977499789696409173668731276235440... (sequence A002163 in the OEIS).

A length of ⁠⁠ can be constructed as the diagonal of a ⁠⁠ unit rectangle. ⁠⁠ also appears throughout in the metrical geometry of shapes with fivefold symmetry; the ratio between diagonal and side of a regular pentagon is the golden ratio ⁠⁠.

Algebraic number
In mathematics, an algebraic number is a number that is a root of a non-zero polynomial in one variable with integer (or, equivalently, rational) coefficients.  For example, the golden ratio  is an algebraic number, because it is a root of the polynomial , i.e., a solution to the equation , and the complex number  is algebraic because it is a root of the polynomial . Algebraic numbers include all integers, rational numbers, and n-th roots of integers.

Algebraic complex numbers are closed under addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, and hence form a field, denoted . The set of algebraic real numbers  is also a field.

Numbers which are not algebraic are called transcendental and include π and e. There are countably infinite algebraic numbers, hence almost all real (or complex) numbers (in the sense of Lebesgue measure) are transcendental.
Andiagoundanoor
Andiagoundanoor village panchayat is one of the largest geographical areas in Tirupur district, Udumalpet taluk, Tamil Nadu, India. The village panchayat office is situated in Uralpatty. The panchayat comprises the following villages:
1. Uralpatty
2. Jakkampalayam
3. Andiagoundanoor
4. Amaravathy.

Udumalaipettai
Udumalaipettai also known as Udumalai, is a town in Tiruppur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located 535 km (332 mi) south west from the state capital, Chennai and 72 km (45 mi) from Coimbatore.It is the headquarters of Udumalaipettai taluk and had a population of 61,133 as per 2011 Census of India. The town comes under the Udumalaipettai Assembly constituency.
Lo mai chi
Lo mai chi (Chinese: 糯米糍), known in Mandarin as nuomici, is a type of Chinese pastry. It is one of the most standard pastries in Hong Kong. It can also be found in most Chinatown bakery shops overseas. It is also referred to as glutinous rice dumpling. Today there are many different modern variations such as green tea flavor, mango flavor, etc.

The glutinous rice ball can be dusted with dried coconut on the outside. The outer layer is made of a rice flour dough and the inside is typically filled with a sweet filling. The most common fillings are sugar with coconut and crumbled peanuts, red bean paste, and black sesame seed paste.

Glutinous rice
Glutinous rice (Oryza sativa var. glutinosa; also called sticky rice, sweet rice or waxy rice) is a type of rice grown mainly in Southeast Asia and the northeastern regions of South Asia, which has opaque grains and very low amylose content and is especially sticky when cooked. It is widely consumed across Asia.

It is called glutinous (Latin: glūtinōsus) in the sense of being glue-like or sticky, and not in the sense of containing gluten (which, like all rice, it does not). While often called sticky rice, it differs from non-glutinous strains of japonica rice, which also becomes sticky to some degree when cooked. There are numerous cultivars of glutinous rice, which include japonica, indica and tropical japonica strains.
The Amazing Awang Khenit
The Amazing Awang Khenit is a Malaysian animated children's television series produced by SEAD Studios. Launched in 2014, the show incorporates elements of Malaysian folklore and slapstick comedy.

The original trailer for the show was one of 20 winners of the MSC IPPC award for the animation category, and finished third in the 2012 TBS DigiCon6 short film and animation contest. In 2015 it was nominated for Best animated series at the Malaysia Film Festival. As of the same year, the show was viewed weekly by an audience of 2.4 million. Originally airing on TV9, Awang Khenit moved to the Mediacorp Suria channel in January 2016.

Slapstick
Slapstick is a style of humor involving exaggerated physical activity that exceeds the boundaries of normal physical comedy. Slapstick may involve both intentional violence and violence by mishap, often resulting from physical abuse and/or inept use of props such as saws and ladders.

The term arises from a device developed for use in the broad, physical comedy style known as commedia dell'arte in 16th-century Italy. The "slap stick" consists of two thin slats of wood, which makes a "slap" when striking another actor, with little force needed to make a loud—and comical—sound. The physical slap stick remains a key component of the plot in the traditional and popular Punch and Judy puppet show. More contemporary examples of slapstick humor include The Three Stooges, The Naked Gun and Mr. Bean.
Cesa (surname)
Cesa is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Lorenzo Cesa (born 1951), Italian politician

Maurizio Vitale Cesa (1945–1987), Italian entrepreneur and sportswear inventor

Matteo Cesa (c. 1425 – after 1491), Italian late-gothic style artist

Mirella Cesa (born 1984), Ecuadorian singer

Nicolò Cesa-Bianchi (born 1963), Italian computer scientist and professor of computer science

Matteo Cesa
Matteo Cesa or de Cesa (c. 1425 – c. 1495) was a late-gothic style artist living in Belluno, Italy. He shows the influence of painters of the Vivarini clan. His son, Antonio, was also a painter.

Among his works:

Virgin and Child, with Saints and Angels (carved work), Santo Stefano, Belluno

Virgin and Child between SS. Matthew and Jerome, San Matteo, Belluno
Richard J. Brenneke
Richard John Brenneke (December 5, 1941 – July 23, 2015) was an American businessman who testified in 1988 that he had worked in Southeast Asia with the Central Intelligence Agency's Air America, among other roles.

The CIA publicly disavowed Brenneke's claimed affiliation with the Agency. Brenneke testified to the United States Senate's Kerry Committee on allegations of CIA drug trafficking, and his evidence was considered by the House October Surprise Task Force on the 1980 October Surprise affair. The Kerry Committee report indicated Brenneke did not have the CIA connections he claimed to possess. The Task Force's report stated that Brenneke "played a central role in falsely propagating the October Surprise allegations for financial and person reasons".

Global International Airways
Global International Airways (GIA) was an American charter airline company based in Kansas City, Missouri. Its main business was originally flying cattle to the Mideast, before becoming a more general charter airline. It had a sideline flying weapons. The Central Intelligence Agency was apparently a customer.
Ge Jianxiong
Ge Jianxiong (Chinese: 葛剑雄; born 15 December 1945) is a Chinese historical geographer. He is a professor and the former Director of the Institute of Historical Geography of Fudan University in Shanghai, and Director of the Fudan University Library. His research focus is on historical population movements and human geography. Ge is also a well-known public figure in China. He is a member of the Standing Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and is on the Advisory Committee of the Shanghai Municipal Government.

Historical geography
Historical geography is the branch of geography that studies the ways in which geographic phenomena have changed over time. In its modern form, it is a synthesizing discipline which shares both topical and methodological similarities with history, anthropology, ecology, geology, environmental studies, literary studies, and other fields. Although the majority of work in historical geography is considered human geography, the field also encompasses studies of geographic change which are not primarily anthropogenic. Historical geography is often a major component of school and university curricula in geography and social studies. Current research in historical geography is being performed by scholars in more than forty countries.
Pure-J Openweight Championship
The Pure-J Openweight Championship (Japanese: PURE-J認定無差別級王座, Hepburn: PURE-J Nintei Musabetsu Kyūōza) is a women's professional wrestling championship owned by the Pure-J promotion. The championship, which is situated at the top of Pure-J's championship hierarchy, was introduced on October 9, 2017, when Hanako Nakamori defeated Manami Katsu in the finals of a 12-woman tournament to become the inaugural champion. Like most professional wrestling championships, the title is won as a result of a scripted match.

There have been a total of seventeen reigns shared between nine different wrestlers. Hanako Nakamori is the current champion in her sixth reign.

Manami Katsu
Manami Katsu (勝 愛実, Katsu Manami; born October 23, 1994) is a Japanese professional wrestler. She was trained by the JWP Joshi Puroresu promotion and made her debut in April 2011. In December 2011, Katsu won the Souseiseki Cup and a year later the JWP Junior and Princess of Pro-Wrestling Championships, which she held for 482 days. She has also worked for Ice Ribbon, Oz Academy, Reina X World and World Woman Pro-Wrestling Diana. Katsu retired from professional wrestling in July 2014, but made her return in April 2016.
Hạ Hòa district
Hạ Hòa is a rural district of Phú Thọ province in the Northeast region of Vietnam. As of 2003, the district had a population of 108,556. The district covers an area of 340 km2. The district capital lies at Hạ Hòa.

District (Vietnam)
Districts (Vietnamese: huyện), also known as rural districts or counties, were one of several types of former second-tier administrative subdivisions of Vietnam, the other types being urban districts (Vietnamese: quận), provincial cities (thành phố trực thuộc tỉnh), municipal cities (thành phố thuộc thành phố trực thuộc trung ương), and district-level towns (thị xã). The districts were subdivisions of the first-tier divisions, namely the provinces and municipalities. Districts were subdivided into third-tier units, namely townships and communes.

Districts and the whole second-tier of administrative subdivisions of Vietnam were eliminated in 2025, following a major governmental reform.
1951 Wimbledon Championships
The 1951 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament was held from Monday 25 June until Saturday 7 July 1951. It was the 65th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of 1951. Dick Savitt and Doris Hart won the singles titles; Hart also won both the women's doubles and mixed doubles, completing the triple crown.

This was the final Wimbledon tournament during the reign of King George VI.

Shirley Fry
Shirley June Fry Irvin (née Fry; June 30, 1927 – July 13, 2021) was an American tennis player. During her career, which lasted from the early 1940s until the mid-1950s, she won the singles title at all four Grand Slam events, as well as 13 doubles titles, and was ranked No. 1 in the world in 1956.
Quasisymmetry
In magnetic confinement fusion, quasisymmetry (sometimes hyphenated as quasi-symmetry) is a type of continuous symmetry in the magnetic field strength of a stellarator. Quasisymmetry is desired, as Noether's theorem implies that there exists a conserved quantity in such cases. This conserved quantity ensures that particles stick to the flux surface, resulting in better confinement and neoclassical transport.

It is currently unknown if it is mathematically possible to construct a quasi-symmetric magnetic field which upholds magnetohydrodynamic force balance, which is required for stability. There are stellarator designs which are very close to being quasisymmetric, and it is possible to find solutions by generalizing the magnetohydrodynamic force balance equation. Quasisymmetric systems are a subset of omnigenous systems. The Helically Symmetric eXperiment and the National Compact Stellarator Experiment are designed to be quasisymmetric.

Neoclassical transport
In plasma physics and magnetic confinement fusion, neoclassical transport or neoclassical diffusion is a theoretical description of collisional transport in toroidal plasmas, usually found in tokamaks or stellarators. It is a modification of classical diffusion adding in effects of non-uniform magnetic fields due to the toroidal geometry, which give rise to new diffusion effects.