hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bear Monument
The Bear Monument (German: Bärendenkmal) is a monument to bears in the Harz mountains of central Germany. It stands by a forest track and walking trail in woods not far from the Bremer Teich and the Viktorshöhe hill and marks the spot where the last bear was killed in 1696 in the Anhalt Forest. The monument was erected around 1900. It is a glacial erratic boulder on which a cast-iron memorial plate with an inscription has been affixed. Next to the bear monument is a checkpoint (no. 184) which is part of the Harzer Wandernadel network of hiking trails.

The last bear in the Upper Harz was killed about 90 years later near Wernigerode. A coachman or carter named Buchtekirch shot it between 1786 and 1788 and received a reward form of two Reichstaler from the Count of Stolberg.

A similar monument is the Luchsstein ("Lynx Stone") near Lautenthal, which commemorates the killing of the last wild lynx in the Harz in 1818.

Central Germany (geography)
Central Germany (German: Zentraldeutschland) or Middle Germany (Mitteldeutschland [ˈmɪtl̩ˌdɔʏtʃlant] ⓘ), in geography, describes the areas surrounding the geographical centre of Germany.

Hesse, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia are the only landlocked German states without an international border except for the city-states of Berlin and Hamburg.
2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Rhode Island
The 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Rhode Island were held on November 5, 2024, to elect the two U.S. representatives from the state of Rhode Island, one from each of the state's congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2024 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. The primary elections took place on September 10, 2024.

Seth Magaziner
Seth Michael Magaziner (/ˈmæɡəziːnər/ mag-ə-ZEE-nər; born July 22, 1983) is an American investment professional and politician serving as the U.S. representative for Rhode Island's 2nd congressional district since 2023. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 31st general treasurer of Rhode Island from 2015 until 2023. Magaziner won the November 2022 election to succeed retiring representative James Langevin.
ISO 11783
ISO 11783, known as Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry—Serial control and communications data network (commonly referred to as "ISOBUS") is a communication protocol for the agriculture industry based on, and harmonized with, the SAE J1939 protocol (which is based on the CAN bus).

Official maintenance of ISO 11783 is done by ISO TC 23 / SC 19 / WG 1 and WG5, however the Agricultural Industry Electronics Foundation (AEF) helps guide the ongoing direction of ISOBUS, organizes PlugFest events where many companies meet to test together, and provides formal ISOBUS conformance test tools.

The ISOBUS standard specifies a CAN network for control and communications on forestry or agricultural tractors and implements, although most usage is in the agricultural domain. It was noted as a widely used industry standard in 2019.

Tractor
A tractor is an engineering vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high tractive effort (or torque) at slow speeds, for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery such as that used in agriculture, mining or construction.  Most commonly, the term is used to describe a farm vehicle that provides the power and traction to mechanize agricultural tasks, especially (and originally) tillage, and now many more. Agricultural implements may be towed behind or mounted on the tractor, and the tractor may also provide a source of power if the implement is mechanised.
Friends of the San Juans
Friends of the San Juans ("Friends") is an environmental advocacy Nonprofit based in Friday Harbor, Washington. Founded in 1979, Friends is dedicated to preservation, both locally and internationally. Its mission is "Protecting and restoring the San Juan Islands and the Salish Sea for people and nature."

Friday Harbor, Washington
Friday Harbor is a town in San Juan County, Washington, United States. The population was 2,613 at the 2020 census. Located on San Juan Island, Friday Harbor is the major commercial center of the San Juan Islands archipelago and is the county seat of San Juan County.
Haram City
Haram City is a major affordable housing project being developed in Egypt by Orascom Development in 6th of October City. Construction of the project began in May 2007, and as of summer 2010 there were around 25,000 residents. By its scheduled completion in 2012, it was planned to house 400,000 residents.

Haram City represents the largest private investment in affordable housing in Egypt. Resident incomes are limited to $320 a month for individuals and $450 for families. Some residents have complained that the location is isolated and lacking in work opportunities. The development includes features such as schools, a hospital, and a shopping mall.

Orascom Construction
Orascom Construction PLC (OC; Egyptian Arabic: اوراسكوم للإنشاء والصناعه) is an engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contractor based in Cairo, Egypt. The company was Egypt's first multinational corporation. OC is active in more than 25 countries.
Paulinów, Łódź Voivodeship
Paulinów [pau̯ˈlinuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czerniewice, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north of Czerniewice, 20 km (12 mi) north-east of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 49 km (30 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Tomaszów Mazowiecki
Tomaszów Mazowiecki (pronounced [tɔˈmaʂuf mazɔˈvjɛt͡skʲi] ⓘ, Yiddish: טאָמעשעוו or Tomashuv) is a town in central Poland with 60,529 inhabitants (2021). It is the fourth most populous city in the Łódź Voivodeship and the second with free public transport. It is the seat of Tomaszów County.

In Tomaszów Mazowiecki there is the first (and the only) all-year speed skating track in Poland - Ice Arena Tomaszów Mazowiecki, which has hosted the World Championships. In autumn, the city hosts the international Love Polish Jazz festival, organized by the Polish Ministry of Culture and National Heritage.
Post–World War II anti-fascism
Post–World War II anti-fascism, including antifa groups (/ˈæntifɑː, ænˈtiːfə/), anti-fascist movements and anti-fascist action networks, saw the development of political movements describing themselves as anti-fascist and in opposition to fascism. Those movements have been active in several countries in the aftermath of World War II during the second half of the 20th and early 21st century.

Antifaschistische Aktion
Antifaschistische Aktion (German: [ˌantifaˈʃɪstɪʃə ʔakˈtsi̯oːn], lit. 'Anti-fascist Action') was an anti-fascist organisation in the Weimar Republic, that was founded and controlled by the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). Antifaschistische Aktion opposed pro-Nazi paramilitary forces, like the Sturmabteilung (SA). The group's KPD leadership strongly opposed the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), although local Antifaschistische Aktion groups worked with SPD activists.

In the postwar era, the historical organisation has inspired new groups and networks, including the German antifa movement, many of which use the aesthetics of Antifaschistische Aktion, especially the antifa moniker and logo.
All-Night Vigil (Rachmaninoff)
The All-Night Vigil (Pre-reform Russian: Всенощное бдѣніе, Vsénoshchnoye bdéniye; Modern Russian: Всенощное бдение) is an a cappella choral composition by Sergei Rachmaninoff, his Op. 37, premiered on 10/23 March 1915 in Moscow.

The piece consists of settings of texts taken from the Russian Orthodox All-night vigil ceremony. It has been praised as Rachmaninoff's finest achievement and "the greatest musical achievement of the Russian Orthodox Church".  It was one of Rachmaninoff's two favorite compositions along with The Bells, and the composer requested that its fifth movement (Нынѣ отпущаеши, Nunc dimittis) be sung at his funeral.

The title of the work is often mis-translated as Vespers. This is both literally and conceptually incorrect as applied to the entire work; only the first six of its fifteen movements set texts from the Russian Orthodox canonical hour of Vespers.

Reforms of Russian orthography
Russian orthography has been reformed officially and unofficially by changing the Russian alphabet and spelling rules over the course of the history of the Russian language. Several important reforms happened in the 18th–20th centuries.
Unió Andorrana
The Andorran Union (Catalan: Unió Andorrana, UA) was an Andorran political formation established in 1933, during the heat of the Andorran Revolution. The formation defended universal male suffrage, the creation of a status of Andorran nationality and the General Council that was dismissed by the French occupation forces.

Universal manhood suffrage
Universal manhood suffrage is a form of voting rights in which all adult male citizens within a political system are allowed to vote, regardless of income, property, religion, race, or any other qualification. It is sometimes summarized by the slogan, "one man, one vote".
1958–59 Oberliga
The 1958–59 Oberliga  was the fourteenth season of the Oberliga, the first tier of the football league system in West Germany. The league operated in five regional divisions, Berlin, North, South, Southwest and West. The five league champions and the runners-up from the west, south, southwest and north then entered the 1959 German football championship which was won by Eintracht Frankfurt. It was Frankfurt's sole national championship win. The 1959 final was one of only two post Second World War finals to go into extra time, the other having been in 1949.

A similar-named league, the DDR-Oberliga, existed in East Germany, set at the first tier of the East German football league system. The 1959 DDR-Oberliga was won by SC Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt.

Oberliga Nord (1947–1963)
The Oberliga Nord (English: Premier league North) was the highest level of the German football league system in the north of Germany from 1947 until the formation of the Bundesliga in 1963. It covered the states of Lower Saxony, Bremen, Hamburg, and Schleswig-Holstein.
Agrofirm Svitanok
Agrofirm "Svitanok" (Ukrainian: Агрофірма “Світанок”) is the second largest land owner in Ukraine. Based out of the village of Kovalivka in the Bila Tserkva Raion of the Kyiv Oblast, in 2021 it owned 1,841 hectares (4,550 acres), according to the State Service of Geodesy, Cartography, and Cadastre. The name "Svitanok" means "Dawn" in Ukrainian.

Kovalivka, Bila Tserkva Raion, Kyiv Oblast
Kovalivka (Ukrainian: Ковалівка) is a village in Bila Tserkva Raion, Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Kovalivka rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The village is administered by its own rural council. The population is approximately 1,500.
Yaroslav II
Yaroslav II is the name of:

Yaroslav II of Kiev (died 1180), Grand Prince of Kiev (1174–1175, 1180)

Yaroslav II of Vladimir (1191–1246), Grand Prince of Vladimir (1238–1246)

Yaroslav II Vsevolodovich (1139–1198), Prince of Ropesk, Starodub and Chernigov

Yaroslav II of Vladimir
Yaroslav II Vsevolodovich (Russian: Яросла́в II Все́володович; Christian name: Theodore (Феодо́р); 8 February 1191 – 30 September 1246), also transliterated as Iaroslav, was Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1238 to 1246. He collaborated with Batu Khan following the Mongol invasion, before he was ultimately poisoned.
Saint Jerome in Penitence (Lotto, Allentown)
Saint Jerome in Penitence is a 1515 oil-on-canvas painting by Italian Renaissance artist Lorenzo Lotto, now in the Allentown Art Museum in Allentown, Pennsylvania. It is signed on the rock next to the saint.

It was produced early in the painter's time in Bergamo. It was commissioned by Domenico Tasso, count and apostolic knight, for his new house on Via Pignolo in the city. Lotto had met Tasso in Rome and it may have been Tasso who drew him to Bergamo. Carlo Ridolfi mentions it among the paintings "in Domenego Dal Cornello's house" in 1648. In the 18th century, Tasso's descendants sold it to help with their financial difficulties. It was later acquired by Samuel H. Kress, who donated it to the Allentown Art Museum in 1960.

Samuel Henry Kress
Samuel Henry Kress (July 23, 1863 – September 22, 1955) was a businessman, philanthropist, and founder of the S. H. Kress & Co. five and ten cent store chain.  With his fortune, Kress amassed one of the most significant collections of Italian Renaissance and European artwork assembled in the 20th century.  In the 1950s and 1960s, a foundation established by Kress would donate 776 works of art from the Kress collection to 18 regional art museums in the United States.
Gentile Brancaleoni
Gentile Brancaleoni (1416 – Urbino, 27 July 1457), was an Italian noble, Duchess of Urbino in 1444-1457 by marriage to Federico da Montefeltro. Sha was the daughter of Bartolomeo Brancaleoni, Lord of Massa Trabaria and Count of Mercatello sul Metauro, and Giovanna Alidosi, daughter of Bertrando Alidosi, condottiere and Lord of Imola. The name "Gentile" is, now as then, both masculine and feminine; in fact, she was named after her paternal grandfather.

Bertrando Alidosi
Bertrando Alidosi (died 12 November 1391) was an Italian condottiere and the Lord of Imola(as Papal vicar) from 1372 until 1391. He was the son of Roberto Alidosi, and succeeded in his signoria to Azzo Alidosi, to whom he had been associated by will of Pope Urban V. In 1365 he had been also made lord of Castel del Rio, Monte del Fine and Castiglione. The two brothers were jailed in Bologna two times by the papal forces, but they were permitted to return soon to Imola. In 1371 he was forced by a rebellion to flee shortly at Avignon with Pope Gregory XI.

He was succeeded by his son Luigi (Ludovico).
Change management (engineering)
The change request management process in systems engineering is the process of requesting, determining attainability, planning, implementing, and evaluating of changes to a system. Its main goals are to support the processing and traceability of changes to an interconnected set of factors.

Version control
Version control (also known as revision control, source control, and source code management) is the software engineering practice of controlling, organizing, and tracking different versions in history of computer files – primarily source code text files, but generally any type of file.

Version control is a component of software configuration management.

A version control system is a software tool that automates version control. Alternatively, version control is embedded as a feature of some systems such as word processors, spreadsheets, collaborative web docs, and content management systems, such as Wikipedia's page history.

Version control includes options to view old versions and to revert a file to a previous version.
Coca-Cola Clear
Coca-Cola Clear is a colorless variant of the soft drink Coca-Cola. Without the normal caramel ingredient, Coca-Cola Clear has none of the typical dark Coke color. The drink is lemon-flavored to compensate for the removed caramel. It was developed at Coca-Cola Asia Pacific and launched locally in Japan in June 2018. A lime-flavored variation was released on June 10, 2019, known as Coca-Cola Clear Lime. Unlike regular Coca-Cola Clear, which is sweetened with both sucralose and acesulfame potassium, Coca-Cola Clear Lime is instead sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup.

Acesulfame potassium
Acesulfame potassium (UK: /æsɪˈsʌlfeɪm/, US: /ˌeɪsiːˈsʌlfeɪm/ AY-see-SUL-faym or /ˌæsəˈsʌlfeɪm/), also known as acesulfame K  or Ace K, is a synthetic calorie-free sugar substitute (artificial sweetener) often marketed under the trade names Sunett and Sweet One. In the European Union, it is known under the E number (additive code) E950. It was discovered accidentally in 1967 by German chemist Karl Clauss at Hoechst AG (now Nutrinova). Acesulfame potassium is the potassium salt of 6-methyl-1,2,3-oxathiazine-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide. It is a white crystalline powder with molecular formula C4H4KNO4S and a molecular weight of 201.24 g/mol.
The Four Owls
The Four Owls, or simply The Owls, are a British hip hop group formed in 2011.

The group is signed to English label High Focus Records and is composed entirely of previously established High Focus members under bird-themed aliases: Fliptrix (Big Owl), Verb T (Bird T), BVA (Rusty Take-Off), and Leaf Dog (Deformed Wing).

The Owls released their third album, Nocturnal Instinct, on 17 April 2020. The album featured US legends DJ Premier, R.A. the Rugged Man and Kool G Rap, among others.

Kool G Rap
Nathaniel Thomas Wilson (born July 20, 1968), better known by his stage name Kool G Rap (or simply G Rap), is an American rapper. He began his career in the mid-1980s as one half of the group Kool G Rap & DJ Polo and as a member of the Juice Crew. He is widely considered to be one of the most influential and skilled MCs of all time, and a pioneer of mafioso rap/street/hardcore content and multisyllabic rhyming. On his album The Giancana Story, he stated that the "G" in his name stands for "Giancana" (after the mobster Sam Giancana), but on other occasions he has stated that it stands for "Genius".

He has also been cited as a major influence on some of hip-hop's most critically acclaimed figures, such as the Notorious B.I.G., Nas, Eminem and Jay-Z, as well as many underground rappers.
288th Rifle Division
The 288th Rifle Division (Russian: 288-я стрелковая дивизия) was an infantry division of the Soviet Union's Red Army during World War II. Formed in the summer of 1941, the division was sent into combat on the Volkhov Front in the fall of that year. The division served in the area until early 1944 when the siege of Leningrad was ended and the 288th advanced into the Baltic states. The division spent the final months of the war blockading trapped German troops in the Courland Pocket before being disbanded in early 1946.

Courland Pocket
The Courland Pocket was a pocket located on the Courland Peninsula in Latvia on the Eastern Front of World War II from 9 October 1944 to 10 May 1945.

Army Group North of the Wehrmacht were surrounded in western Latvia by the Red Army after the Baltic Offensive, when forces of the 1st Baltic Front reached the Baltic Sea near Memel (Klaipėda) after the collapse of Army Group Centre during Operation Bagration. Army Group North retreated to the Courland Pocket and was renamed Army Group Courland on 25 January, holding off six Red Army offensives until the German Instrument of Surrender was signed on 8 May 1945. Army Group Courland were in a communication "blackout" and did not get the official order until 10 May, becoming one of the last German groups to surrender in Europe.
Matthew Frye Jacobson
Matthew Frye Jacobson is an American historian whose research concerns politics and race in all eras of American history. He is the Sterling Professor of American Studies and History and Professor of African American Studies at Yale University. From 2012 to 2013 he was president of the American Studies Association.

Sterling Professor
Sterling Professor, the highest academic rank at Yale University, is awarded to a tenured faculty member considered the best in their field. It is akin to the rank of distinguished professor at other universities.

The appointment can be granted to any Yale faculty member and is made by the President of Yale University and confirmed by the Yale Corporation. Up to forty professors can hold the title at the same time. The position was established through a 1918 bequest from John William Sterling, and the first Sterling Professor was appointed in 1920.
Good Stuff (Kelis song)
"Good Stuff" is a song by American singer Kelis from her debut studio album, Kaleidoscope (1999). Written and produced by the Neptunes, the song features guest vocals from American rapper Pusha T (then known as Terrar), one half of the hip hop duo Clipse. "Good Stuff" was released as the second single from Kaleidoscope outside the United States on June 5, 2000, by Virgin Records. It managed to achieve moderate success in select European markets, but nevertheless earned Kelis a second top-20 entry on the UK Singles Chart, peaking at number 19.

The Neptunes
The Neptunes were an American record production duo composed of Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo, formed in Virginia Beach, Virginia, in 1992. Williams often provided backing vocals and music video appearances on the duo's productions, while Hugo remained behind the scenes.

Since their inception, the Neptunes have produced songs for several music industry artists, including Clipse, Jay-Z, Kelis, N.O.R.E., Britney Spears, Justin Timberlake, Nelly, Ludacris, T.I., Robin Thicke, Usher, Gwen Stefani, and Snoop Dogg, among others. In 2009, Billboard ranked the Neptunes number one on their list of the top 10 producers of the decade. In January 2020, the Neptunes were announced to be inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame as a part of the 2020 class, and in May 2021, Hugo and Williams received Honorary Doctorates from Berklee College of Music and Boston Conservatory at Berklee.
The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1976 film)
The Hunchback of Notre Dame is a British feature length adaptation of the 1831 novel by Victor Hugo, produced for television by the BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) in 1976 and aired on December 30 the same year. Directed by Alan Cooke and written by Robert Muller, the film stars Kenneth Haigh as Claude Frollo, Warren Clarke as Quasimodo and Michelle Newell as Esmeralda, and features the visual effects by Ian Scoones and the original music by Wilfred Josephs.

Clopin Trouillefou
Clopin Trouillefou (French: [klɔ.pɛ̃ tʁuj.fu], literally "Lame Fear-Fool") is a fictional character first created in the 1831 novel The Hunchback of Notre-Dame by French author Victor Hugo, and subsequently adapted.
Un bel dì, vedremo
"Un bel dì, vedremo" (Italian pronunciation: [um bɛl di veˈdreːmo]; "One fine day we'll see") is a soprano aria from the opera Madama Butterfly (1904) by Giacomo Puccini, set to a libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa. It is sung by Cio-Cio San (Butterfly) on stage with Suzuki, as she imagines the return of her absent love, Pinkerton. It is the most famous aria in Madama Butterfly, and one of the most popular pieces in the entire soprano repertoire.

Giuseppe Giacosa
Giuseppe Giacosa (21 October 1847 – 1 September 1906) was an Italian poet, playwright and librettist. Regarded at the turn of the 20th century as one of Italy’s leading playwrights, Giacosa is remembered chiefly for his association with Puccini in double harness with the librettist Luigi Illica.
Ratko Dujković
Ratko Dujković (born 16 March 1983) is a Bosnian former professional footballer who played as goalkeeper. Dujković was voted the best goalkeeper of the 2014–15 Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina season.

2014–15 Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The 2014–15 Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina (known as BH Telecom Premier League for sponsorship reasons) was the fifteenth season of the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the highest football league of Bosnia and Herzegovina, since its original establishment in 2000 and twelfth as a unified country-wide league. It began on 2 August 2014 and ended on 23 May 2015, with a winter break between late November 2014 and late February 2015.

The 2014–15 season saw the return of Sloboda Tuzla and Drina Zvornik to zhe top flight as promoted, instead of Rudar Prijedor and Leotar.