hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war
The Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war of 1679–1684 was fought between the Central Tibetan Ganden Phodrang government, with the assistance of Oirat Mongolian Khoshut Khanate and the Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh with assistance from the Mughal Empire in Kashmir. Which in the late 17th century, Ladakh sided with Bhutan in its dispute with Tibet. The Tibetans decided to punish Ladakh for interfering in their relations with Bhutan and the oppression of Gelug monasteries in Ladakh.

Basgo
Basgo or Bazgoo, is a village situated on the bank of the Indus River in Leh district, Ladakh, India. It was once an important cultural and political centre and is frequently mentioned in the Ladakhi Chronicles. It is known for its gompas such as Basgo Monastery and historical ruins. As of the 2011 Census of India, Basgo had a population of 950 spread over 172 households.
First Stripes
First Stripes (French: Premières armes) is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Jean-François Caissy and released in 2018. The film profiles a group of Canadian Armed Forces recruits  commencing basic training.

The film had its world premiere at the 2018 Berlin International Film Festival, and its Canadian premiere at the 2018 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival.

Nicolas Canniccioni received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Cinematography in a Documentary at the 7th Canadian Screen Awards.

Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival
The Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival is the largest documentary festival in North America. The event takes place annually in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The 27th edition of the festival took place online throughout May and June 2020. In addition to the annual festival, Hot Docs owns and operates the Hot Docs Ted Rogers Cinema, administers multiple production funds, and runs year-round screening programs including Doc Soup and Hot Docs Showcase.
In Amenas Airport
In Amenas Airport, also called Zarzaitine Airport (IATA: IAM, ICAO: DAUZ), is an airport serving In Amenas, a town in the Illizi Province of southeastern Algeria. It is located 4.6 nautical miles (9 km) east of In Aménas.

In 2007, the airport handled 145,070 passengers and had 3,627 aircraft movements.

Illizi Province
Illizi (Arabic: ولاية اليزي)  is a large province (wilaya) in the south-eastern corner of Algeria named after its eponymous seat.
It borders Ouargla Province to the north, Tunisia to the extreme northeast, Libya to the east, Djanet Province to the south and, to the west, In Salah Province and Tamanrasset Province. As of the 2008 census, the province had a population of 52,333 and an annual growth rate of 4.5%.
Simon Fisher
Simon E. Fisher (born 1970) is a British geneticist and neuroscientist who has pioneered research into the genetic basis of human speech and language. He is a director of the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics and Professor of language and genetics at the Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour in Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Nijmegen
Nijmegen (/ˈnaɪmeɪɡən/ NY-may-gən, Dutch: [ˈnɛimeːɣə(n)] ⓘ; Nijmeegs: Nimwèège [ˈnɪmβ̞ɛːçə]) is the largest city in the Dutch province of Gelderland and the ninth largest of the Netherlands as a whole. Located on the Waal River close to the German border, Nijmegen is one of the oldest cities in the Netherlands and the first to be recognized as such in Roman times. In 2005, it celebrated 2,000 years of existence.

Nijmegen became a free imperial city in 1230 and a Hanseatic city in 1402. Since 1923 it has been a university city with the opening of a Catholic institution now known as the Radboud University Nijmegen. The city is well known for the annual Vierdaagse — the International Four Days Marches Nijmegen event.

Its population as of 2024 was 187,011.
USS Sequoyah
USS Sequoyah (SP-426), later USS SP-426, was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919.

Sequoyah was built as a private motorboat of the same name in 1907 by Crockett of Pocomoke City, Maryland. On 24 August 1917, the U.S. Navy chartered her from her owner, Albert T. Lavallette of Hampton, Virginia, for use as a section patrol boat during World War I. She was commissioned as USS Sequoyah (SP-426) the same day.

Sequoyah was used for transporting ammunition and supplies in the harbor at Norfolk, Virginia, for the rest of World War I. In 1918, she was renamed USS SP-426.

SP-426 was decommissioned and returned to her owner on 29 January 1919.

Charter
A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients.

The word entered the English language from the Old French charte, via Latin charta, and ultimately from Greek χάρτης (khartes, meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges.
Gumberg
Gumberg is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Gumberg (1887–1939), Ukrainian immigrant to the US

Jordan Gumberg (born 1995), American golfer

Stanley Gumberg (1927–2009), American businessman, investor, philanthropist, and sailor

Alexander Gumberg
Alexander Gumberg (1887–1939) born in Kropyvnytskyi (then Elizavetgrad), he was a Ukrainian of Jewish background who emigrated to the United States in 1903 and went on to become an important link between the Soviet regime and the USA following the Bolshevik seizure of power in 1917. Although he was not a Bolshevik himself, his brother Sergey Zorin was.
Vestingcross
The Vestingcross is a cyclo-cross race held in Hulst, Netherlands. From 2017 to 2020 it was part of the Ethias Cross, formerly known as the Brico Cross. From the season 2020-2021 it is part of the Worldcup. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021 the race was held on an alternative location in Perkpolder and not on and around the city walls in Hulst as usual.

Perkpolder
Perkpolder is a hamlet in the southwestern Netherlands, situated in the municipality of Hulst, Zeeland. It is known as the departure point for the ferry Kruiningen-Perkpolder that connected Zuid-Beveland and Zeelandic Flanders.
Amazing Red
Jonathan Figueroa (born April 26, 1982), better known by his ring name Amazing Red, is a Puerto Rican professional wrestler and promoter. He is best known for working for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), where he is a former three-time X Division Champion and one-time NWA World Tag Team Champion. He has worked on the American independent circuit and appeared for Ring of Honor (ROH) and Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW). Figueroa is also the founder of House of Glory wrestling school, where he is also one of the head trainers. He is the cousin of wrestlers Joel and Jose Maximo and Zelina Vega.

In April 2019, Red announced his retirement from professional wrestling due to a severe neck injury. However, he would return to the ring only a few months later, to work for New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW).

MCW Cruiserweight Championship
The MCW Cruiserweight Championship was a professional wrestling cruiserweight championship owned by the Maryland Championship Wrestling (MCW) promotion. The title was created and debuted on November 8, 1998 at a MCW live event. The title is currently inactive.

The inaugural champion was Gregory Martin, who defeated Ronnie Zukko in the finals of a tournament to win the championship on February 12, 2001 at an MCW live event.
Wacholder
Wacholder is a juniper-flavored distilled beverage and a regional variety of gin. It is produced predominantly in Westphalia, Emsland, Lippe, and the Rhineland. One of the oldest operating Wacholder distilleries is the Brennerei Eversbusch in Hagen, founded in the 18th century. Wacholder is the German word for "juniper".

In Austria and regions of Bavaria, Wacholder is referred to as Kranewitter, which is a regional term for the juniper plant. In Germany, Wacholder spirit can be used as an umbrella term for all juniper-flavored spirits such as Genever, Gin, Köm, Kranewitter, Krambambuli, and Steinhäger. A similar beverage, Borovička, is popular in Slovakia and the Czech Republic.

It is strong-flavored owing to its method of distillation, and is traditionally served chilled as a neat shot, with a beer chaser.

Hagen
Hagen (German pronunciation: [ˈhaːɡn̩] ⓘ) is a city in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, in western Germany, on the southeastern edge of the Ruhr area, 15 km south of Dortmund, where the rivers Lenne and Volme meet the Ruhr. In 2023, the population was 197,677.

The city is home to the FernUniversität Hagen (University of Hagen), the only state-funded distance education university in Germany.
Zhu Shilin
Zhu Shilin (Chinese: 朱石麟; pinyin: Zhū Shílín) (27 July 1899 – 5 January 1967), also romanised as Chu Shek Lin, was a Chinese film director and screenwriter, born in Taicang, Jiangsu, China. Zhu began his career in the thriving film industry of Shanghai, directing actresses like Ruan Lingyu with the Lianhua Film Company. After the war, Zhu moved to Hong Kong, where he founded the Longma Film Company along with fellow Shanghai emigrant Fei Mu.

Between 1930 and 1964, he directed 80 films. Two of his films, Sorrows of the Forbidden City (1948) and Festival Moon (1953) were ranked in the Hong Kong Film Awards' Best 100 Chinese Motion Pictures.

Taicang
Taicang  is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Suzhou, Jiangsu province, China. The city located in the south of the Yangtze River estuary opposite Nantong, being bordered by Shanghai proper to the south, while the river also delineates much of its northeastern boundary along Chongming Island.
Daddy Cleanhead
Fred Higgins (died 1960s),  known as Daddy Cleanhead, was an American singer. He was known for singing "Something's Goin' On In My Room" (1954). Gary Susman of The Boston Phoenix describes the record an "obscure gem".

He was the older brother of Chuck Higgins and regularly sang vocals with his brother's band.

He was recorded with them on the following singles

"Broke" / "I'll Be There" (1954)

"One More Time" / "Dye Ooh Mambo" (1954)

"Papa Charlie"  (1954)

"Something's Goin' On In My Room" / "Let Me Come Back Home" (1955) Specialty Records

"Shotgun Wedding"

and on the following songs from albums

Big Fat Mama (1974)

Papa Charlie (2006)

Real Gone Hound Dog (2006)

and is included in the compilation

Cool Daddy—The Central Avenue Scene 1951-1957, Vol.3

The Phoenix (newspaper)
The Phoenix (stylized as The Phœnix) was the name of several alternative weekly periodicals published in the United States by Phoenix Media/Communications Group of Boston, Massachusetts, including the now defunct Boston Phoenix, Providence Phoenix, Portland Phoenix, and Worcester Phoenix. These publications emphasized local arts and entertainment coverage as well as lifestyle and political coverage. The Portland Phoenix, which folded in 2019, was revived a few months later by another company, New Portland Publishing. The newspaper closed in 2023.

The papers, like most alternative weeklies, are somewhat similar in format and editorial content to The Village Voice.
Snitch Newsweekly
Snitch was a free, alternative weekly newspaper published in parts of the United States covering crime and police news.  Perhaps the most notable feature was the ZIP Code Crime Watch, which gave brief, usually sarcastic commentary on hundreds of items in the weekly police reports, broken down by ZIP codes, along with crime totals for the respective areas.  Snitch also ran numerous crime-themed articles in each issue, as well as advertisements and classifieds.

Alternative newspaper
An alternative newspaper is a type of newspaper that eschews comprehensive coverage of general news in favor of stylized reporting, opinionated reviews and columns, investigations into edgy topics and magazine-style feature stories highlighting local people and culture. Its news coverage is more locally focused, and their target audiences are younger than those of daily newspapers. Typically, alternative newspapers are published in tabloid format and printed on newsprint. Other names for such publications include alternative weekly, alternative newsweekly, and alt weekly, as the majority circulate on a weekly schedule.

Most metropolitan areas of the United States and Canada are home to at least one alternative paper. These papers are generally found in such urban areas, although a few publish in smaller cities, in rural areas or exurban areas where they may be referred to as an alt monthly  due to the less frequent publication schedule.
Cacouna
Cacouna (French pronunciation: [kakuna]) is a municipality in the Rivière-du-Loup Regional County Municipality within the Bas-Saint-Laurent region of Quebec, Canada. It is located on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River along Route 132.

The municipality of Cacouna was created in March 2006 through the amalgamation of the municipality of Saint-Georges-de-Cacouna and the parish of Saint-Georges-de-Cacouna.

With a population of 1,900, Cacouna is noted for the quality and unique architectural heritage of its buildings and for the richness and diversity of its agricultural life. The deep water port of Gros-Cacouna is a vital asset in the region's future development. Cacouna is a member of the association The Most Beautiful Villages in Quebec.

'Cacouna' is also the name of an Indian reserve of the Quebec Wolastoqiyik Nation, more specifically Wolastoqiyik Wahsipekuk (Viger) First Nation, located in the administrative region of Bas-Saint-Laurent.

Wolastoqiyik
The Wolastoqiyik (Malecite-Passamaquoddy pronunciation: [wəlastəgʷijik]), also known as the Maliseet or Malecite (English:  /ˈmæləsiːt/), are an Algonquian-speaking First Nation of the Wabanaki Confederacy. They are the Indigenous people of the Wolastoq (Saint John River) valley and its tributaries. Their territory extends across the current borders of New Brunswick and Quebec in Canada, and parts of Maine in the United States.

The Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians, based on the Meduxnekeag River in the Maine portion of their historical homeland, are—since 19 July 1776—the first foreign treaty allies with the United States of America. They are a federally recognized tribe of Wolastoqey people. Today Wolastoqey people have also migrated to other parts of the world. The Wolastoqiyik have occupied areas of forest, river and coastal areas within their 20,000,000-acre, 200-mile-wide, and 600-mile-long homeland in the Saint John River watershed.
Sausage gravy
Sausage gravy is a traditional Southern breakfast dish in the United States.  After loose pork sausage is cooked in a pan and removed, a roux is formed by browning flour in the residual fat. Milk and seasonings, such as salt and pepper, are added to create a moderately thick gravy, to which the cooked sausage is added. Occasionally, ingredients such as cayenne pepper or a spicy sausage are used to make a spicier gravy.

Sausage gravy is traditionally served as part of the dish biscuits and gravy and accompanied by other typical Southern breakfast items, such as fried eggs, sliced tomatoes and bacon.

Bacon
Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork made from various cuts, typically the belly or less fatty parts of the back. It is eaten as a side dish (particularly in breakfasts), used as a central ingredient (e.g., the BLT sandwich), or as a flavouring or accent.

Bacon is also used for barding and larding roasts, especially game, including venison and pheasant, and may also be used to insulate or flavour roast joints by being layered onto the meat. The word is derived from the Proto-Germanic *bakkon, meaning 'back meat'.

Meat from other animals, such as beef, lamb, chicken, goat, or turkey, may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon, and may even be referred to as, for example, "turkey bacon". Such use is common in areas with significant Jewish and Muslim populations as both religions prohibit the consumption of pork. Vegetarian bacons such as "soy bacon" also exist.
Jurong Beilu station
Jurong Beilu station (simplified Chinese: 驹荣北路站; traditional Chinese: 駒榮北路站; pinyin: Jūróng Běilù Zhàn; Cantonese Yale: Kēuiwìng Bāklǒu Jaahm; lit. 'Jurong North Road station') is a station on Line 3 of Foshan Metro, located in Foshan's Shunde District. It opened on 28 December 2022.

Line 3 (Foshan Metro)
Line 3 of Foshan Metro (FMetro) (Chinese: 佛山地铁3号线; pinyin: Fóshān Dìtiě Sān Hào Xiàn) is a metro line in Foshan that runs 45.74 km (28.42 mi) between Zhen'an in Chancheng District and Shunde College Railway Station in Shunde District, and runs 16.38 km (10.18 mi) between Lianhe and Foshan University entirely in Nanhai District. The initial section between Shunde College Railway Station and Zhen'an opened on 28 December 2022, and the rear section between Zhen'an and Zhongshan Park (south section) and between Lianhe and Foshan University (north section) opened on 23 August 2024. The full line will run from Shunde Port in Shunde District to Foshan University in Nanhai District.
Priyadarsini Govind
Priyadarsini Govind is an Indian classical dancer, choreographer, and educator specializing in Bharatanatyam. Based in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, she served as director of the Kalakshetra Foundation from 2013 to 2017 and has performed and taught Bharatanatyam in India and internationally.

Abhinaya
Abhinaya (Sanskrit abhi- 'towards' + nii- 'leading/guide') is the art of expression in Indian aesthetics. More accurately it means "leading an audience towards" the experience (bhava) of a sentiment (rasa). The concept, derived from Bharata Muni's Natya Shastra, is used as an integral part of all Indian classical dance styles.

Abhinaya has four interrelated aspects: angika (the body), vacika (the voice), aharya (costumes, make-up, scenery), and sattvika (mental states).
Belenois gidica
Belenois gidica, the African veined white or pointed caper, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found in the Afrotropical realm.

The wingspan is 40–55 millimetres (1.6–2.2 in) in males and 40–53 mm (1.6–2.1 in) in females. Its flight period is year-round.

The larvae feed on Boscia, Capparis, and Maerua species.

Capparis
Capparis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Capparaceae. It includes about 140 species of shrubs or lianas which are collectively known as caper shrubs or caperbushes. Capparis species occur over a wide range of habitat in the subtropical and tropical regions of Africa, Eurasia, Australasia, and the Pacific.

The genus was included in the family Brassicaceae in the unrevised APG II system.
2009 Usterzai bombing
On 18 September 2009, a suicide car bombing killed at least 39 people in Usterzai, Pakistan.

At 11am on 18 September 2009, a suicide car bombing took place at Kacha Pakha bazaar village market at a busy intersection, badly damaging Hikmat Ali hotel, as well as a restaurant and shops, causing some to collapse. It happened in a Shia Muslim area of Usterzai, North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan, five and a half years after the war in northwest Pakistan began. The attack killed at least 39 people and injured another 54, most of whom are believed to have been members of Pakistan's Shia minority, who are often targeted by Sunni extremist militants.

A group calling itself Lahskar-e-Jhangvi al-Almi claimed carrying out the attack, for what it called revenge for the killing of a cleric , Maulana M Amin, in Hangu, NWFP, three months earlier. They were believed to be linked to Taliban-linked Sunni supremacist group Lashkar-e-Jhangvi.

Islam in Pakistan
Islam is the largest and the state religion of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Pakistan has over 231.69 million adherents of Islam (excluding the administrative territory of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit Baltistan), making it the world's second-largest country by Muslim population. As much as 85–90% of Pakistanis follows Sunni Islam. Most Pakistani Sunni Muslims belong to the Hanafi school of jurisprudence, which is represented by the Barelvi and Deobandi traditions.

About 97% of Pakistanis are Muslims. The majority are Sunni (85–90%) while Shias make up around 10-15%. Smaller minority Muslim populations in Pakistan include Quranists, nondenominational Muslims. There are also two Mahdi'ist based creeds practised in Pakistan, namely Mahdavia and Ahmadiyya, the latter of whom are considered by the constitution of Pakistan to be non-Muslims; they jointly constitute less than 1% of the population. Pakistan has the world's largest Muslim majority city (Karachi).
Flyboat
The flyboat (also spelled fly-boat or fly boat) was a European light vessel of Dutch origin developed primarily as a mercantile cargo carrier, although many served as warships in an auxiliary role because of their agility. These vessels could displace between 70 and 200 tons, and were used in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. The name was subsequently applied to a number of disparate vessels which achieved high speeds or endurance. At the beginning of the 17th century, they were replaced by the fluyt, which in England was also known as a fly-boat.

Planing (boat)
Planing (/ˈpleɪnɪŋ/ PLAY-ning) is the mode of operation for a waterborne craft in which its weight is predominantly supported by hydrodynamic lift, rather than hydrostatic lift (buoyancy).

Many forms of marine transport make use of planing, including fast ferries, racing boats, seaplanes, and water skis. Most surfboards are planing or semi-planing hulls. Beyond planing, fast vessel designs have seen a transition to hydrofoil designs.
Ayal Njanalla
Ayal Njanalla (English: He is not me) is a 2015 Indian Malayalam-language romantic comedy film written and directed by actor Vineeth Kumar, making his debut based on the story by director Ranjith. The film stars Fahadh Faasil, Mrudula Murali, Divya Pillai and Akshat Singh in prominent roles. The film opened to mixed reviews and average performance at the box office. The film was produced by Sundar Menon, Sun Ads and Film Productions, and was the first production venture from the house.

Ranjith (director)
Ranjith Balakrishnan  is an Indian film director, screenwriter, producer, and actor who works in Malayalam cinema. Ranjith made his directorial debut in 2001 with Ravanaprabhu, the sequel to Devaasuram. He has won three National Film Awards, including one for his film Spirit, which received the National Award for Best Film on Social Issues. His films Thirakkatha and Indian Rupee won the National Film Award  for Best Feature Film in Malayalam in 2008 and 2011, respectively. Recipient of six Kerala State Film Awards, he was the former chairman of Kerala State Chalachitra Academy.
American Folk Blues Festival
The American Folk Blues Festival was a music festival that toured Europe as an annual event for several years beginning in 1962.  It introduced audiences in Europe, including the UK, to leading blues performers of the day such as Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, John Lee Hooker and Sonny Boy Williamson, most of whom had never previously performed outside the US.  The tours attracted substantial media coverage, including TV shows, and contributed to the growth of the audience for blues music in Europe.

Memphis Slim
John Len Chatman (September 3, 1915 – February 24, 1988), known professionally as Memphis Slim, was an American blues pianist, singer, and composer.  He led a series of bands that, reflecting the popular appeal of jump blues, included saxophones, bass, drums, and piano. A song he first cut in 1947, "Every Day I Have the Blues", has become a blues standard, recorded by many other artists. He made over 500 recordings.

He was posthumously inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame in 1989.