hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George Anson's voyage around the world
While Great Britain was fighting the War of Jenkins' Ear with Spain in 1740, Commodore George Anson led a squadron of eight ships on a mission to disrupt or capture the Spanish possessions in the Pacific. He returned to Britain in 1744 by way of China, thereby completing a circumnavigation of the globe. The voyage was notable for the capture of the Manila galleon and for its horrific losses due to powerful storms and disease, with only 188 men of the original 1,854 crew and officers surviving. An account of the voyage was published in 1748. It was widely read by the general public and was a great commercial success. It has been described in 1899 as being "still esteemed as the story of a remarkable voyage extremely well told."

Commodore (Royal Navy)
Commodore (Cdre) is a rank of the Royal Navy above captain and below rear admiral. It has a NATO ranking code of OF-6.  The rank is equivalent to brigadier in the British Army and the Royal Marines and to air commodore in the Royal Air Force. Commodore has been a substantive rank in the Royal Navy since only 1997. Until then the term denoted a functional position rather than a formal rank, being the title bestowed on the senior officer of a fleet of at least two naval vessels comprising an independent (usually ad hoc and short-term) command. (In this case, for instance, a lieutenant in substantive rank could be a commodore for the term of the command.)
Sanremo Music Festival 1952
The Sanremo Music Festival 1952 (Italian: Festival di Sanremo 1952), officially the 2nd Italian Song Festival (2º Festival della canzone italiana), was the second annual Sanremo Music Festival, held at the Sanremo Casino in Sanremo between 28 and 30 January 1952, and broadcast by Radiotelevisione italiana (RAI). The show was presented by Nunzio Filogamo.

According to the rules of this edition every song was performed by a couple of singers or groups, with the five artists selected performing multiple songs.
The winner of the festival was "Vola colomba", performed by Nilla Pizzi, who occupied all the podium places in that edition.

Sanremo
Sanremo, also spelled San Remo in English and formerly in Italian, is a comune (municipality) on the Mediterranean coast of Liguria, in northwestern Italy. Founded in Roman times, it has a population of about 53,000, and is known as a tourist destination on the Italian Riviera. It hosts numerous cultural events, such as the Sanremo Music Festival and the Milan–San Remo cycling classic. Italo Calvino, the most significant figure of 20th century Italian literature, spent his formative years here.
Paraguay at the 2023 Pan American Games
Paraguay competed at the 2023 Pan American Games in Santiago, Chile from October 20 to November 5, 2023. This was Paraguay's 17th appearance at the Pan American Games, having competed at every edition of the games except 1959 and 1963.

On 4 October 2023, the Paraguayan Olympic Committee officially named the team of 117 athletes (41 men and 76 women) competing in 22 sports.

Athlete Derlis Ayala and cyclist Agua Marina Espínola were the country's flagbearers during the opening ceremony. Meanwhile, golfers Fabrizio Zanotti and Sofia Garcia were the country's flagbearers during the closing ceremony.

2022 South American Games
The XII South American Games (Spanish: XII Juegos Suramericanos Asunción 2022) was a multi-sport event held between 1–15 October 2022 in Asunción, Paraguay. The Games were organized by the South American Sports Organization, the Paraguayan Olympic Committee, the government of the Republic of Paraguay and the local National Secretary of Sports.
Marjorie Schwarzer
Marjorie Schwarzer (born 1957) is an American museum educator and author of the 2020 museum textbook Riches, Rivals and Radicals: A History of Museums in the United States. She is a prolific writer on issues impacting museums, especially those in the United States but also in the United Arab Emirates and other developing nations. She has authored numerous reviews, articles and books about museums. From 1996 to 2011, she was professor and chair of Museum Studies at John F. Kennedy University, California and she taught at University of San Francisco from 2012 to 2020.   The first edition of Riches, Rivals and Radicals: 100 Years of the Museum in America was published in 2006 to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the American Alliance of Museums. The book was the basis for public television show of the same title.

Museology
Museology (also called museum studies or museum science) is the study of museums. It explores the history of museums and their role in society, as well as the activities they engage in, including curating, preservation, public programming, and education.
National Lift Tower
The National Lift Tower (previously called the Express Lift Tower) is a lift-testing tower built by the Express Lift Company (a lifts division of the General Electric Company
) off Weedon Road in Northampton, England. The structure was commissioned in 1978 with construction commencing in 1980 and was officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 12 November 1982. It has been a Grade II Listed Building since 1997.

The tower can be viewed from Arbury Hill, the highest point in Northamptonshire.

Arbury Hill
Arbury Hill, at 225 m (738 ft), is the joint highest point in the English county of Northamptonshire.  It is 9 km (5.6 mi) southwest of the town of Daventry.

The slopes of Arbury Hill are a drainage divide between three major river catchment areas, with the Nene to the north, east and south, the Cherwell (a tributary of the Thames) to the south-west and the Leam (a tributary of the Severn) to the west and north-west. There are fine views with Rugby and Coventry visible to the northwest and Northampton to the east. The River Nene rises in a swampy hollow on the northwestern flanks of the hill.
Nancy Turner
Nancy Jean Turner CM OBC FRSC FLS (born 1947) is a Canadian ethnobiologist, originally qualified in botany, who has done extensive research work with the indigenous peoples of British Columbia, the results of which she has documented in a number of books and numerous articles.

Ethnobiology
Ethnobiology is the multidisciplinary field of study of relationships among peoples, biota, and environments integrating  many perspectives, from the social, biological, and medical sciences; along with application to conservation and sustainable development. The diversity of perspectives in ethnobiology allows for examining complex, dynamic interactions between human and natural systems.
2023 Barcelona Open Banc Sabadell – Singles
Defending champion Carlos Alcaraz defeated Stefanos Tsitsipas in the final, 6–3, 6–4 to win the singles tennis title at the 2023 Barcelona Open. He did not lose a set during the tournament. Alcaraz was the second Spaniard, after Rafael Nadal, to successfully defend the Barcelona Open title.

Jozef Kovalík
Jozef Kovalík (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈjɔzef ˈkɔʋaliːk]; born 4 November 1992) is a Slovak professional tennis player who competes on the ATP Challenger Tour. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 80 and a doubles ranking of No. 245 reached in 2018.
Hajizadeh
Hajizadeh is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Abolfazl Hajizadeh (born 1985), Iranian footballer

Adnan Hajizadeh (born 1983), Azerbaijani blogger

Amir Ali Hajizadeh (1962–2025), Iranian general

Elshan Hajizadeh (born 1961), Azerbaijani economist

Hamid Hajizadeh (1950–1998), Iranian poet

Mehdi Hajizadeh (born 1981), Iranian sport wrestler

Hamid Hajizadeh
Hamid Hajizadeh (Persian: حمید حاجی‌زاده; b. 1950 – d. 22 September 1998) was a contemporary Iranian poet who wrote under the pen name "Sahar". He was murdered along with his 9 year-old son on 22 September 1998 in Kerman, Iran, which was part of a series of killings of writers known as the "Chain murders".
Tahquamenon River
The Tahquamenon River (/təˈkwɑːmənɒn, -nən/ tə-KWAH-mə-non, -⁠nən) is an 89.1-mile-long (143.4 km) blackwater river in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. The river flows in a generally eastward direction from the Tahquamenon Lakes of Columbus Township, Luce County to its mouth at Whitefish Bay, a bay of Lake Superior, in Chippewa County. It drains approximately 820 square miles (2,120 km2) of the eastern Upper Peninsula, including large sections of Chippewa and Luce counties, as well as a small portion of Mackinac County. M-123 runs alongside a portion of the river.

Along its course, the river includes the Tahquamenon Falls, a pair of waterfalls that are the largest waterfalls in Michigan, and one of the largest in the eastern half of North America.

Luce County, Michigan
Luce County (/luːs/ LOOS) is a county located in the Upper Peninsula in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,339, making it the second-least populous county in Michigan (behind Keweenaw County). The county seat is Newberry, Luce County's only incorporated community. The county was set off and organized in 1887 and named after former Michigan Governor Cyrus G. Luce. In 2002, Newberry was designated as the moose capital of Michigan by the state legislature. Luce County is served by The Newberry News, a weekly community newspaper that began in 1886.
Disinflation
Disinflation is a decrease in the rate of inflation – a slowdown in the relative rate of increase of the general price level of goods and services in a nation's gross domestic product over time. It is the opposite of reflation.

If the inflation rate is not very high to start with, disinflation can lead to deflation – decreases in the general price level of goods and services. For example if the annual inflation rate one month is 5% and it is 4% the following month, prices disinflated by 1% but are still increasing at a 4% annual rate. If the current rate is 1% and it is -2% the following month, prices disinflated by 3% and are decreasing at a 2% annual rate.

Logarithmic derivative
In mathematics, specifically in calculus and complex analysis, the logarithmic derivative of a function f is defined by the formula

where f′ is the derivative of f. Intuitively, this is the infinitesimal relative change in f; that is, the infinitesimal absolute change in f, namely f′ scaled by the current value of f.

When f is a function f(x) of a real variable x, and takes real, strictly positive values, this is equal to the derivative of ln f(x), or the natural logarithm of f. This follows directly from the chain rule:
Exit Wounds (Torchwood)
"Exit Wounds" is the thirteenth and final episode of the second series of the British science fiction television series Torchwood, and was broadcast on BBC Two on 4 April 2008. It marked the final appearance of Burn Gorman as Owen Harper and Naoko Mori as Toshiko Sato, with both characters being killed off at the end of the episode. It is also the final Torchwood episode in its original format.

In the episode, Gray (Lachlan Nieboer), the brother of Jack Harkness (John Barrowman), punishes Jack for abandoning him long ago by having Jack buried underground in the past. Meanwhile, Gray has also ordered the detonation of bombs throughout Cardiff, leaving the remaining members of Jack's team of Torchwood preoccupied with saving Cardiff.

Lachlan Nieboer
Lachlan Nieboer is a British actor best known for his roles as Lieutenant Edward Courtenay in Downton Abbey, Count Antonio Rossi in The Princess Switch: Switched Again and Cpt. Charles Davenport in the film Into the White; and as executive producer for Shane, a documentary on Australian cricketer, Shane Warne.
History of Karelia
The Karelian people's presence can be dated back to the 7th millennium BC–6th millennium BC. The region itself is rich with fish, lakes, and minerals, and because of that its holder has changed throughout history, and to this day it is divided between the Republic of Finland and the Russian Federation.

7th millennium BC
The 7th millennium BC spanned the years 7000 BC to 6001 BC (c. 9 ka to c. 8 ka). It is impossible to precisely date events around this millennium, and all dates mentioned here are estimates mostly based on geological and anthropological analysis.

Towards the end of this millennium, the islands of Great Britain, and Ireland were severed from continental Europe by rising sea levels.
Keller's reagent (metallurgy)
In metallurgy, Keller's reagent is a mixture of nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and hydrofluoric acid, used to etch aluminum alloys to reveal their grain boundaries and orientations. It is also sometimes called Dix–Keller reagent, after E. H. Dix, Jr., and Fred Keller of the Aluminum Corporation of America, who pioneered the use of this technique in the late 1920s and early 1930s.

Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrofluoric acid is a solution of hydrogen fluoride (HF) in water. Solutions of HF are colorless, acidic and highly corrosive. A common concentration is 49% (48–52%) but there are also stronger solutions (e.g. 70%) and pure HF has a boiling point near room temperature. It is used to make most organofluorine compounds; examples include the commonly used pharmaceutical antidepressant medication fluoxetine (Prozac) and the  material polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon). Elemental fluorine is produced from it. It is commonly used to etch glass and silicon wafers.
Lake Township, Cook County, Illinois
Lake Township, also known as the Town of Lake, was a 42-square-mile (109 km2) former civil township in Cook County, Illinois, which now forms the south-west portion of Chicago. It was bounded by present-day Pershing Road (3900 South) on the north, State Street (0 East/West) on the east, 87th Street (8700 South) on the south, and Crawford Avenue (4000 West) on the west (although some sources state the current Chicago City boundaries as former south and west boundaries). The Union Stock Yards were developed as an economic anchor of the township.

The township was annexed into the city of Chicago in 1889, and its functions fell into abeyance. Townships in Chicago were abolished in 1902; however, they, including Lake Township, are still used for property assessment purposes. The former township hub became the Englewood neighborhood.

Pulaski Road (Chicago)
Pulaski Road (/pəˈlæskiː/) is a major north–south street in the city of Chicago, at 4000 W., or exactly five miles west of State Street. It is named after Polish hero of the American Revolutionary War, Casimir Pulaski.
Pikes Peak National Cemetery
Pikes Peak National Cemetery is a 374-acre (151-hectare) Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) national cemetery located in El Paso County, Colorado. The cemetery serves the burial needs of veterans, their spouses and eligible family members. When fully developed, the cemetery will have 95,000 graves and columbarian niches.

Veterans' affairs
Veterans' affairs is an area of public policy concerned with relations between a government and its communities of military veterans. Some jurisdictions have a designated government agency or department, a Department of Veterans' Affairs, Ministry of Veterans' Affairs, Department of Veterans Services, or the like, which oversees issues relating to veterans' affairs. These departments provide a variety of services for veterans.
Chinamita
The Chinamitas or Tulumkis (Nahuatl chinamitl, Mopan tulumki) were likely a Mopan Maya people who constituted the former Chinamita Territory, an early Columbian polity of the Maya Lowlands, likely in present-day Belize and Guatemala. In the early 17th century, the Territory probably lay along the Mopan River in the eastern Petén Basin and neighbouring portions of western Belize, being thereby situated east of the Itza of Nojpetén, south of the Yaxhá and Sacnab lakes, and west of Tipuj.

Yaxhá Lake
Yaxhá Lake is a Guatemalan lake situated in the northern department of El Petén.

The ancient Maya City of Yaxhá was built on the shores of Yaxhá Lake, and the Maya ruins of Topoxté occupy a group of three small islands, Canté, Paxté and Topoxte, at the western end of the lake.
Alberta Senior Hockey League (1965–1978)
The Alberta Senior Hockey League was a Canadian senior ice hockey league which operated in Alberta from 1965 and 1978. The Alberta Amateur Hockey Association (AAHA) consolidated its senior hockey leagues in 1965, resulting in one league for the province and folding the Central Alberta Hockey League. Several teams from the AAHA opted instead for inter-provincial play in the Western Canada Senior Hockey League, based in Alberta and Saskatchewan.

The Drumheller Miners won the 1966 Allan Cup played at the Stampede Corral in Calgary. They represented Canada at the 1967 Ahearne Cup tournament in Sweden. The Calgary Stampeders represented the league and Western Canada at the 1969 Allan Cup, and 1971 Allan Cup.

Senior ice hockey
Senior hockey refers to amateur or semi-professional ice hockey competition. There are no age restrictions for Senior players, who typically consist of those whose Junior eligibility has expired.

Most senior hockey leagues operate under the jurisdiction of Hockey Canada or USA Hockey. They are not affiliated in any way with professional hockey leagues. Many former professional players play Senior hockey after their pro careers are over. The top Senior teams in Canada (Senior AAA) compete annually for the Allan Cup.
Bhonsle (film)
Bhonsle is a 2018 Indian Hindi-language drama film written and directed by Devashish Makhija and co-produced by Piiyush Singh,
The film stars Manoj Bajpayee in the title role:  a retired Mumbai police officer who befriends a North Indian girl and her brother who are targeted among other migrants by local politicians. Its first look was launched at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival.

Bhonsle premiered in the 'A Window on Asian Cinema' section of the 2018 Busan International Film Festival and was also screened in the non-competitive India Story section at the MAMI Film Festival, the 2018 Dharamshala International Film Festival, the 2019 International Film Festival Rotterdam, the Bengaluru International Film Festival and the Singapore South Asian film festival. It won the Best Screenplay and Best Director Award at the Asian Film Festival Barcelona. It was released on SonyLIV on 26 June 2020. Manoj Bajpayee won the National Film Award for Best Actor at the 67th National Film Awards.

Mumbai Academy of the Moving Image
The Mumbai Academy of Moving Image (MAMI) is a public trust that organises the MAMI Mumbai Film Festival in the city of Mumbai, India. Priyanka Chopra Jonas is the chairperson of the trust while Shivendra Singh Dungarpur serves as the interim Festival Director.

Apart from the film festival, MAMI also organises the Year Round Programme, under which MAMI holds various activities and workshops throughout the year.

Director Shyam Benegal was the first chairperson of MAMI starting with the 1999 edition of the festival and he remained the chairperson through the 2014 edition of the festival. In 2015, he was replaced by director Kiran Rao, who would go on to serve as the chairperson until 2019, when she was replaced by actor Deepika Padukone. Padukone was then replaced by Priyanka Chopra Jonas in 2021.
Nigel Stephenson
Nigel Stephenson (born 12 October 1950) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, and coached in the 1980s and 1990s. He played at representative level for England and Yorkshire, and at club level for Shaw Cross, Dewsbury (two spells), Bradford Northern, Carlisle, Wakefield Trinity (captain), York and Huddersfield, as a centre, and coached at club level for Hunslet and Huddersfield.

Drop goal
A drop goal, field goal, or dropped goal is a method of scoring points in rugby union and rugby league and also, rarely, in American football and Canadian football. 
A drop goal is scored by drop kicking the ball (dropping the ball and then kicking it as it rises from the first bounce) over the crossbar and between the posts of the goal posts. After the kick, the ball must not touch the ground before it goes over and through, although it may touch the crossbar, the uprights or an opponent. A drop goal in rugby union is worth three points, and in rugby league a drop goal is usually worth one point (see below).

If the drop goal attempt is successful, play stops and the non-scoring team (the scoring team in rugby union sevens) restarts play with a kick from halfway. If the kick is unsuccessful, play continues and the offside rules for a kick apply. Defenders may tackle the kicker while he is in possession of the ball, or attempt to charge down or block the kick.
Jean Saint-Josse
Jean Saint-Josse (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ sɛ̃ ʒɔs]; born 22 March 1944 in Coarraze, Pyrénées-Atlantiques) is a French politician and former member of the Rally for the Republic (RPR), he was the leader of the ruralist Hunting, Fishing, Nature and Traditions (CPNT) party until 2008.

In the 2002 presidential election  he won 4.23%  as candidate of CPNT. He is a former Member of the European Parliament (MEP).

Rally for the Republic
The Rally for the Republic (French: Rassemblement pour la République [ʁasɑ̃bləmɑ̃ puʁ la ʁepyblik]; RPR [ɛʁ pe ɛʁ]) was a Gaullist and conservative political party in France. Originating from the Union of Democrats for the Republic (UDR), it was founded by Jacques Chirac in 1976 and presented itself as the heir of Gaullist politics. It was one of the two major parties in French politics, alongside the Socialist Party. On 21 September 2002, the RPR was merged into the Union for the Presidential Majority, later renamed the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP).
Spike Island railway station
Spike Island was a workman's platform situated off the Great Northern Railway's mainline some 1+3⁄4 miles (2.8 km) south of Doncaster, England, by the Carr Wagon Shops. It was situated off the Down Goods Line and was served by a passenger train, running non-stop, under express headlights, known as the Spike Island Flyer. This brought staff from the main station to work in the wagon shops and returned them in the evening. The locomotive was the J52 which worked the wagon shop sidings during the day. The works closed in the early 1960s, production being moved to the plant works.

The name "Spike Island" was given to the area around the wagon shops but its origins are unclear.

GNR Class J13
The Great Northern Railway (GNR) Class J13, classified J52 by the LNER is a class of 0-6-0ST steam locomotive intended primarily for shunting.

The Class J13 were introduced in 1897 designed by Henry Ivatt based on the earlier domeless GNR Class J14 (LNER Class J53).  Eighty-five J13s were built up to 1909.  Several J14s were rebuilt as J13s from 1922.
Simca do Brasil
Simca do Brasil was the Brazilian subsidiary of the now defunct French automaker Simca. It started out in the late 1950s assembling the Simca Vedette imported in kit form from France and selling it in three versions, the Chambord, Présidence and Rallye. Later the company manufactured the radically restyled Esplanada with improved engines and, with increasing control by the Chrysler Corporation over the French concern, was taken over with the American car giant becoming its majority shareholder. During its ten years of market presence Simca defended its market share against fierce competition from Volkswagen, Ford, Chevrolet and Willys. The brand disappeared from the Brazilian market in the late 1960s following a strategic decision by its owners Chrysler.

Knock-down kit
A knock-down kit (also knockdown kit, knocked-down kit, or simply knockdown or KD) is a collection of parts required to assemble a product. The parts are typically manufactured in one country or region, and then exported to another country or region for final assembly. CBU, on the other hand, stands for "Completely Built Up" and signifies import of a finished product.