hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NGC 4845
NGC 4845 (also known as NGC 4910) is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Virgo around 65 million light years away. The galaxy was originally discovered by William Herschel in 1786. It is a member of the NGC 4753 Group of galaxies, which is a member of the Virgo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the southern edge of the Virgo Supercluster.

The galaxy has a supermassive black hole, called IGR J12580+0134, at its center with a mass of 300,000. In 2013, the ESA observed the black hole absorbing matter from a nearby, low-mass object; possibly a brown dwarf star. The observed X-ray flare was caught by the ESA's INTEGRAL telescope.

Supermassive black hole
A supermassive black hole (SMBH or sometimes SBH) is the largest type of black hole, with its mass being on the order of hundreds of thousands, or millions to billions, of times the mass of the Sun (M☉). Black holes are a class of astronomical objects that have undergone gravitational collapse, leaving behind spheroidal regions of space that nothing, not even light, can escape. Observational evidence indicates that almost every large galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center. For example, the Milky Way galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center, corresponding to the radio source Sagittarius A*. Accretion of interstellar gas onto supermassive black holes is the process responsible for powering active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and quasars.

Two supermassive black holes have been directly imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope; these are Sagittarius A, at the center of the Milky Way, and the black hole at the center of Messier 87, a giant elliptical galaxy.
Steek (Sikh literature)
A steek or teeka (other spellings may exist such as stik or tika) (Gurmukhi: ਸਟੀਕ, romanized: steek; 'Exegesis') is an exegesis or commentary on a Sikh religious text, usually Gurbani, but can also include other writings like the ghazals of Bhai Nand Lal. An author of a steek or teeka is known as a teekakar (Gurmukhi: ਟੀਕਾਕਾਰ). A steek always includes an explanation, or viakhya (Gurmukhi: ਵ੍ਯਾਖ੍ਯਾ) of the specific religious text, but depending on the complexity of the steek, it can also include footnotes, commentary, and contexts to the specific verses and where they were first written/revealed (known as an "Uthanka" [Gurmukhi: ਉਥਾਨਕਾ]).

There are different characteristics and variations between steeks. Traditional Sikh commentaries on Sikh scripture are known as a Sampardai Steek/Teeka (Gurmukhi: ਸੰਪ੍ਰਦਾਈ ਟੀਕਾ/ਸਟੀਕ) and usually includes more detailed exegesis of Sikh Scripture.

Gurmukhi
Gurmukhī (Punjabi: ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ [ˈɡʊɾᵊmʊkʰiː], Shahmukhi: گُرمُکھی) is an abugida developed from the Laṇḍā scripts, standardized and used by the second Sikh guru, Guru Angad (1504–1552). Commonly regarded as a Sikh script, Gurmukhi is used in Punjab, India as the official script of the Punjabi language.

The primary scripture of Sikhism, the Guru Granth Sahib, is written in Gurmukhī, in various dialects and languages often subsumed under the generic title Sant Bhasha or "saint language", in addition to other languages like Persian and various phases of Indo-Aryan languages.

Modern Gurmukhī has thirty-five original letters, hence its common alternative term paintī or "the thirty-five", plus six additional consonants, nine vowel diacritics, two diacritics for nasal sounds, one diacritic that geminates consonants and three subscript characters.
2025–26 Logan Cup
The 2025–26 Logan Cup is the 32nd edition of the Logan Cup, a first-class cricket competition in Zimbabwe, which starts on 26 October 2025 and will conclude in March 2025. The season similar to previous seasons will be played in conjunction with the 2025–26 Pro50 Championship, where the 50-over fixture will be played after the first-class game.

Five-wicket haul
In cricket, a five-wicket haul (also known as a "five–for" or "fifer") occurs when a bowler takes five or more wickets in a single innings, commonly abbreviated as 5wI. Taking five wickets is regarded as a notable achievement, equivalent to a century by a batter. In 2001, Glenn McGrath invented the tradition of a bowler raising the ball to the crowd at the completion of a five-wicket haul.

Taking a five-wicket haul at Lord's earns the bowler a place on the Lord's honours boards.
Chips Moman
Lincoln Wayne "Chips" Moman (June 12, 1937 – June 13, 2016) was an American record producer, guitarist, and songwriter. He is known for working in R&B, pop music and country music, operating American Sound Studios and producing hit albums like Elvis Presley's 1969 From Elvis in Memphis and the 1985 debut album for The Highwaymen. Moman won a Grammy Award for co-writing "(Hey Won't You Play) Another Somebody Done Somebody Wrong Song", a 1975 hit for B.J. Thomas.

Carla Thomas
Carla Venita Thomas (born December 21, 1942) is an American singer, who is often referred to as the Queen of Memphis Soul. She is best known for her 1960s recordings for Atlantic and Stax including the hits "Gee Whiz (Look at His Eyes)" (1960), "B-A-B-Y" (1966) and "Tramp" (1967), a duet with Otis Redding. She is the daughter of Rufus Thomas.
Pandi Geço
Pandi Geço (1913–1994) was an Albanian geographer. He was best known for his unique regionalization of Albania into four physical-geographic regions, a regionalization proposed for the first time by him and still used today. He was also the author of the first Albanian academic textbooks of geography.

Textbook
A textbook is a book containing a comprehensive compilation of content in a branch of study serving to explain the subject. Textbooks are produced to meet the needs of educators, usually at educational institutions, as well as learners (who could be independent learners outside of formal education). Schoolbooks are textbooks and other books used in schools. Today, many textbooks are published in both print and digital formats.
Colpo di fulmine (song)
"Colpo di fulmine" (transl. "Love at first sight", lit. "Lightning strike") is a 2008 song composed by Gianna Nannini and performed by Giò Di Tonno and Lola Ponce. It won the 58th edition of the Sanremo Music Festival.

Gianna Nannini
Gianna Nannini (Italian pronunciation: [ˈdʒanna nanˈniːni]; born 14 June 1954) is an Italian singer and songwriter. Her most notable songs include "America" (1979), "Fotoromanza" (1984), "I maschi" (1987), "Meravigliosa creatura" (1995), "Sei nell'anima" (2006) and "Bello e impossibile" (1986). The latter became a hit across Europe, especially  in Austria, Germany, Italy and Switzerland.
Keowee-Toxaway State Park
Keowee-Toxaway State Park is a state park in Pickens County, South Carolina.  It was created in 1970 along the shores of Lake Keowee from lands previously owned by Duke Power.

The Keowee-Toxaway Museum includes exhibits about the area Cherokee Indians and their interactions with local settlers.  There are four interpretive kiosks along one trail that also highlight the Cherokees. Trail has since been closed and artifacts moved to the Cherokee museum in Walhalla, South Carolina.

The park includes several picnic shelters as well as fishing and boat access to the adjacent lake.  Hiking can be done on the 3.1 mi (5.0 km) Raven Rock hiking trail or the 1.4 mi (2.3 km)  Natural Bridge hiking trail, as well as a short interpretive loop trail.  The park also offers both backcountry and paved campsites, as well as cabin lodging.

Duke Energy
Duke Energy Corporation is an American electric power and natural gas holding company headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina. The company serves over 7 million customers in the eastern United States. In 2024 it ranked as the 141st largest company in the United States – its highest-ever placement on the Fortune 500 list.
Pekan (federal constituency)
Pekan is a federal constituency in Pekan District and Kuantan District,  Pahang, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 1959.

The federal constituency was created from parts of the Pahang Timor constituency in the 1958 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.

Pekan District
The Pekan District is a district in Pahang, Malaysia. Located in the east of Pahang, the district borders Kuantan District on the north, South China Sea on the east, Maran District on the west and Rompin District on the south.
ASCII (magazine)
ASCII (アスキー) was a monthly released microcomputer magazine in Japan, published by ASCII Corporation from 1977. It targeted business users who used a personal computer in their home and office, but it sometimes introduced computer games and computer music. It was also known as the Monthly ASCII (月刊アスキー) written along with the title from Vol. 2 No. 4, and distinguish with the Weekly ASCII (週刊アスキー) founded in 1997. The ASCII was rebranded as the Business ASCII (ビジネスアスキー) in 2008, and ceased in 2010. Its news website and the Weekly ASCII are continuing as in 2016.

The LOGiN (ログイン), a computer game magazine, was first published as an extra issue of the ASCII in 1982, and the Famitsu (ファミ通) was branched from the LOGiN.

Computer music
Computer music is the application of computing technology in music composition, to help human composers create new music or to have computers independently create music, such as with algorithmic composition programs. It includes the theory and application of new and existing computer software technologies and basic aspects of music, such as sound synthesis, digital signal processing, sound design, sonic diffusion, acoustics, electrical engineering, and psychoacoustics. The field of computer music can trace its roots back to the origins of electronic music, and the first experiments and innovations with electronic instruments at the turn of the 20th century.
2024–25 Bradley Braves men's basketball team
The 2024–25 Bradley Braves men's basketball team represented Bradley University during the 2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Braves, led by 10th-year head coach Brian Wardle, played their home games at Carver Arena located in Peoria, Illinois, as members of the Missouri Valley Conference. They finished the season 28–9, 15–5 in MVC play to finish in second place. They defeated Murray State and Valparaiso in the MVC tournament before losing to Drake in the championship game. They received an at-large bid to the National Invitation Tournament as the No. 3 seed in the Dayton region. There they defeated North Alabama and George Mason before losing to Chattanooga in the quarterfinals.

2024–25 George Mason Patriots men's basketball team
The 2024–25 George Mason Patriots Men's basketball team represented George Mason University during the 2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The season was the 59th for the program, the second under head coach Tony Skinn, and the twelfth as members of the Atlantic 10 Conference (A-10). The Patriots played their home games at EagleBank Arena in Fairfax, Virginia.

The 2025 season was one of the most successful seasons in George Mason history, and the program's most successful season since joining the Atlantic 10. Mason posted 26 wins, their most since 2011, were regular season co-champions of the Atlantic 10, their first regular season title also since 2011, and reached a conference tournament championship game for the first time since 2009.
Uttarākhaṇḍ Devabhūmi Mātribhūmi
"Uttarākhaṇḍ Devabhūmi Mātŕbhūmi" is the official state song of the Indian state of Uttarakhand. The lyrics were written by Hemant Bisht, with music by the noted Uttarakhandi folk musician Narendra Singh Negi.

This song is trilingual with first three of its seven verses written in Hindi, while the last four verses are written in Garhwali and Kumaoni languages.

The song is a hymn, praising Uttarakhand as a divine motherland. The theme is set to reflect the geography, ecology, fauna and flora, culture, festivals, music, cuisine, arts, and lifestyle of the people of Uttarakhand.

Narendra Singh Negi
Narendra Singh Negi (born 12 August 1949), also referred as 'Garh Ratna' and 'Bob Dylan of the hills' is one of the most prominent folk singers, composer and a poet of the Garhwal and Uttarakhand who prominently sings in Garhwali language. Reportedly, he has sung more than 1000 songs. His unparalleled work in the field of folk music of Uttarakhand is an inspiration for all the upcoming singers of Uttarakhand.
2008 New York Dragons season
The 2008 New York Dragons season is the 14th season for the franchise, their eighth season in New York. The Dragons finished the regular season with an 8–8 record, and were able to take the 6th and final playoff seed in the National Conference by virtue of winning a tiebreaker scenario over the New Orleans VooDoo. The Dragons won their Wild Card round game, upsetting the Dallas Desperados 77–63. The Desperados had defeated the Dragons in both regular season meetings. In the Divisional round of the playoffs, the Dragons lost to top seeded Philadelphia Soul, 48–49, who the Dragons had also lost both regular season meetings to.

2008 Arena Football League season
The 2008 Arena Football League season was the 22nd season of the Arena Football League and final season before the 2009 season cancellation and subsequent bankruptcy of the original AFL corporate entity.  The regular season began play on February 29, 2008 and concluded on June 22. The playoffs began the following week, and ArenaBowl XXII was held in New Orleans, Louisiana on July 27 between the National Conference champion Philadelphia Soul and the American Conference champion San Jose SaberCats. This game was won by the Soul, 59–56.

Prior to the season, it was announced that the Austin Wranglers would move to the af2, and the Nashville Kats folded, thus leaving the league with 17 teams.  The Las Vegas Gladiators relocated to Cleveland.
Mahmudabad Rural District (Ilam County)
Mahmudabad Rural District (Persian: دهستان محمودآباد) is in Sivan District of Ilam County, Ilam province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Mahmudabad, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 789 in 217 households.

Ilam province
Ilam Province (Persian: استان ایلام) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Ilam.

The province is in the western part of the country in Region 4 and covers 20,164.11 km2 (7,785.41 mi2). It shares 425 km (264 mi) of the border with Iraq, and also borders on the provinces of Kermanshah, Lorestan, and Khuzestan.
Chełmsko Śląskie
Chełmsko Śląskie [ˈxɛu̯mskɔ ˈɕlɔ̃skʲɛ] (German: Schömberg) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubawka, within Kamienna Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, near the border with the Czech Republic.

Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo dolnośląskie, [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ dɔlnɔˈɕlɔ̃skjɛ] ⓘ) in southwestern Poland, is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is divided. It covers an area of 19,946 square kilometres (7,701 sq mi) and as of 2019 has a total population of 2,899,986.

It is one of the wealthiest provinces in Poland, as natural resources such as copper, brown coal and rock materials are widely present.

Its capital and largest city is Wrocław, situated on the Oder River. The voivodeship is host to several spa towns, many castles and palaces, and the Giant Mountains, with several ski resorts. For this reason, tourism is a large part of this region's economy.
Santoña CF
Santoña Club de Fútbol is a football team based in Santoña in the autonomous community of Cantabria. Founded in 1917, it plays in the Segunda Regional – Group B. Its stadium is El Paloma with a capacity of 4,500 seats.

Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in Cantabria
The Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in the Cantabria, are organized by the Cantabrian Football Federation:

Regional Preferente (Level 6 of the Spanish football pyramid)

Primera Regional (Level 7)

Segunda Regional (Level 8)
Warren Petryk
Warren Petryk (born January 24, 1955) is an American public relations professional and Republican politician from Eau Claire County, Wisconsin.  He served 12 terms as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing Wisconsin's 93rd Assembly district from 2011 to 2025.  While serving in the Assembly, he was chair of Assembly Committee on Workforce Development from 2015 to 2025.

Wisconsin's 93rd Assembly district
The 93rd Assembly district of Wisconsin is one of 99 districts in the Wisconsin State Assembly.  Located in western Wisconsin, the district comprises parts of western Eau Claire County, northern Trempealeau County, and southeast Dunn County.  It includes the western half of the city of Eau Claire, along with the city of Osseo and the villages of Eleva and Strum.  It contains landmarks such as the University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire campus, the Eau Claire campus of Chippewa Valley Technical College, Carson Park, and Water Street Historic District.  The district is represented by Democrat Christian Phelps, since January 2025.

The 93rd Assembly district is located within Wisconsin's 31st Senate district, along with the 91st and 92nd Assembly districts.

Water Street Historic District

Downtown Osseo
Optical vortex
An optical vortex (also known as a photonic quantum vortex, screw dislocation or phase singularity) is a zero of an optical field; a point of zero intensity. The term is also used to describe a beam of light that has such a zero in it. The study of these phenomena is known as singular optics.

The concept of "optical vortices" was first described by Coullet et al. in 1989, based on solutions of the Maxwell-Bloch equations. According to one review, studies in 1989-1999 mainly focused on fundamentals; studies in 1999-2009 developed many applications; and studies in 2009-2019 made a number of technological breakthroughs.

Plane wave
In physics, a plane wave is a special case of a wave or field: a physical quantity whose value, at any given moment, is constant through any plane that is perpendicular to a fixed direction in space.

For any position  in space and any time , the value of such a field can be written as

where  is a unit-length vector, and  is a function that gives the field's value as dependent on only two real parameters: the time , and the scalar-valued displacement  of the point  along the direction . The displacement is constant over each plane perpendicular to .

The values of the field  may be scalars, vectors, or any other physical or mathematical quantity.  They can be complex numbers, as in a complex exponential plane wave.

When the values of  are vectors, the wave is said to be a longitudinal wave if the vectors are always  collinear with the vector , and a transverse wave if they are always orthogonal (perpendicular) to it.
Zankyōsanka/Asa ga Kuru
"Zankyōsanka/Asa ga Kuru" (残響散歌/朝が来る) is the twentieth single by Japanese singer Aimer, released "Zankyōsanka" on December 6, 2021, later released "Asa ga Kuru" on January 12, 2022 both under SACRA MUSIC. The song serves as the opening and ending songs of Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba – Entertainment District Arc. She also performed "Zankyōsanka" on THE F1RST TAKE.

The First Take
The First Take (stylized as THE F1RST TAKE) is a Japanese YouTube channel that invites singers to perform a song recorded in one take in a white studio. The First Take is a trademark of Sony Music Entertainment Japan.
Sap (producer)
Jonathan King (born February 6, 1990), better known by his stage name Sap (stylized as SAP) is an American hip hop record producer and rapper from Newark, Delaware. SAP is an acronym for "Sound of A Pioneer". He works closely with producers Cool & Dre, but is currently independent and not signed by a label. Sap has produced for artists such as Mac Miller, The Game, Schoolboy Q, Tyga, Chris Webby, Juicy J, Juelz Santana, Fat Joe, Freddie Gibbs, and Meek Mill among others. He is best known for producing Mac Miller's Platinum single "Donald Trump" and "Watching Movies", and The Game's "Celebration". Most recently Sap Produced, "Powers That Be" featuring Rick Ross and Nas. The song is featured on Ross's Album "Rather You Than Me". As a rapper he is the leader of the group The Pioneer Crew.

Celebration (The Game song)
"Celebration" is a song by American rapper Game featuring fellow American rappers Tyga, Wiz Khalifa, & Lil Wayne and American singer Chris Brown, released as the lead single from the former's fifth studio album Jesus Piece. "Celebration" premiered on Los Angeles' Power 106 on August 22, 2012. The song samples Bone Thugs-n-Harmony's hit single "1st of tha Month", which in return samples the Chapter 8 and Anita Baker song  "I Just Want to Be Your Girl".
November 13–21, 2014 North American winter storm
The November 13–21, 2014 North American winter storm (given the code name Knife by local governments and colloquially nicknamed Snow-vember) was a potent winter storm and particularly severe lake-effect snowstorm that affected the United States, originating from the Pacific Northwest on November 13, which brought copious amounts of lake-effect snow to the Central US and New England from November 15 until November 21, when the system departed the East Coast of the United States. The snowstorm elicited an enormous response from emergency crews and the National Guard, requiring more manpower than any other snowstorm in the history of New York state, as it buried cars and stranded thousands of people in their homes in Western New York. Eight months after the storm, the snow's remnants still remained in Buffalo, New York.

Winter storm
A winter storm (also known as snow storm) is an event in which wind coincides with varieties of precipitation that only occur at freezing temperatures, such as snow, mixed snow and rain, or freezing rain. In temperate continental and subarctic climates, these storms are not necessarily restricted to the winter season, but may occur in the late autumn and early spring as well. A snowstorm with strong winds and low visibility is called a blizzard.
Ceremonial dress
Ceremonial dress is clothing worn for very special occasions, such as coronations, graduations, parades, religious rites, trials and other important events. In the western dress code hierarchy of dress codes, ceremonial dress is often considered one of the most formal, in other cultures ceremonial dresses vary widely having entirely different meanings, and styles.

Dress code
A dress code is a set of rules, often written, with regard to what clothing groups of people must wear. Dress codes are created out of social perceptions and norms, and vary based on purpose, circumstances, and occasions. Different societies and cultures are likely to have different dress codes, Western dress codes being a prominent example.

Dress codes are symbolic indications of different social ideas, including social class, cultural identity, attitude towards comfort, tradition, and political or religious affiliations. Dress code also allows individuals to read others' behavior as good, or bad by the way they express themselves with their choice of apparel.
Gellen
The Gellen or Gellen Peninsula (German: Halbinsel Gellen) is a spit at the southern end of the island of Hiddensee off the north German Baltic coast. Its southern part is protected as an important bird reserve and is part of protection zone I of the Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park. It is therefore not accessible to the public.

It consists of post-ice age sand depositions and is growing annually by a few metres to the south. The dredging of the shipping channel between the island of Bock and the Gellen prevents a graded shoreline from being formed, which would otherwise be typical of the eastern Baltic Sea area with its numerous spits.

Spit (landform)
A spit or sandspit is a deposition bar or beach landform off coasts or lake shores. It develops in places where re-entrance occurs, such as at a cove's headlands, by the process of longshore drift by longshore currents. The drift occurs because waves meet the beach at an oblique angle, moving sediment down the beach in a zigzag pattern. This is complemented by longshore currents, which further transport sediment through the water alongside the beach. These currents are caused by the same waves that cause the drift.