hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wigan Rural District
Wigan Rural District was an administrative district in Lancashire, England from 1894 to 1974.  The rural district comprised an area to the north, but did not include the town of Wigan.

The district was created by the Local Government Act 1894 as the successor to the Wigan Rural Sanitary District.
It consisted of six civil parishes: Dalton, Haigh, Parbold, Shevington, Worthington and Wrightington. The contiguous parishes of Haigh and Worthington were separated from the rest of the district by Standish with Langtree Urban District.

The rural district was abolished by the Local Government Act 1972 in 1974.  Its territory was split between the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan in Greater Manchester, and the district of West Lancashire, with the parishes of Haigh, Shevington, and Worthington going to Wigan, and the remainder going to West Lancashire district.

Sanitary district
Sanitary districts were established in England and Wales in 1872 and in Ireland in 1878.  The districts were of two types, based on existing structures:

Urban sanitary districts in towns with existing local government bodies

Rural sanitary districts in the remaining rural areas of poor law unions.

Each district was governed by a local board of health, which was responsible for various public health matters such as providing clean drinking water, sewers, street cleaning, and clearing slum housing.

In England and Wales both rural and urban sanitary districts were replaced under by the Local Government Act 1894 (56 & 57 Vict. c. 73) by the more general rural districts and urban districts.  A similar reform was carried out in Ireland in 1899 under the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898.
Miss Russia 2014
Miss Russia 2014 the 22nd Miss Russia pageant was held at the concert hall at Barvikha Luxury Village in Moscow on March 1, 2014. 50 contestants from all over Russia competed for the crown. Elmira Abdrazakova of Mezhdurechensk crowned her successor, Yulia Alipova, who represented Russia in Miss Universe 2013 and Miss World 2013.

Each year, there are 477 beauty contests in states and cities of Russia to go to compete in the Miss Russia. Each year, 4 months before the national competition, a pre-preliminary happens in Moscow to select the 50 official candidates. In 2014 for the first time, the public selected the 20th semifinalist by Internet votes.

Mezhdurechensk
Mezhdurechensk (Russian: Междуреченск) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Mezhdurechensk, Kemerovo Oblast, a city in Kemerovo Oblast; administratively incorporated as a city under oblast jurisdiction

Mezhdurechensk, Komi Republic, an urban-type settlement in Udorsky District of the Komi Republic

Mezhdurechensk, Samara Oblast, an urban-type settlement in Syzransky District of Samara Oblast

Rural localities

Mezhdurechensk, Ivanovo Oblast, a selo in Teykovsky District of Ivanovo Oblast
Wiederhold
Wiederhold is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carlos Wiederhold (1867–1935), German-Chilean entrepreneur

Doug Wiederhold (born c. 1986), actor

Gio Wiederhold (born 1936), Italian computer scientist

Sascha Wiederhold (1904–1962), German painter, graphic artist and stage designer

Gio Wiederhold
Giovanni Corrado Melchiore Wiederhold (June 24, 1936 – December 26, 2022) was an Italian-born American computer scientist who spent most of his career at Stanford University. His research focused on the design of large-scale database management systems, the protection of their content, often using knowledge-based techniques. After his formal retirement he focused on valuation methods for intellectual property and intellectual capital.
When in Rome (1952 film)
When in Rome is a 1952 American comedy drama film directed by Clarence Brown and starring Van Johnson, Paul Douglas, and Joseph Calleia. The film was released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, and was based on a story by Robert Buckner, Dorothy Kingsley, and Charles Schnee. The picture opens with the following text: ”1950 was a Holy Year. Three million pilgrims from every part of the world thronged to Rome, the Eternal City. Our story is about two men who journeyed to Rome that year. One was Father John X. Halligan, a young priest from Coaltown, Pennsylvania, whose mission was a holy one. The other was Joe Brewster, late of Sing Sing, San Quentin, Joliet and Atlanta, whose mission was not so holy. If our story has a moral, it’s a simple one. God may move in mysterious ways, but He gets there just the same.”

San Quentin Rehabilitation Center
San Quentin Rehabilitation Center (SQ), formerly known as San Quentin State Prison, is a California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation state prison for men, located north of San Francisco in the unincorporated place of San Quentin in Marin County.

Established in 1852, and opening in 1854, San Quentin is the oldest prison in California. The state's only death row for male inmates, the largest in the United States, was located at the prison. Its gas chamber has not been used since 1993, and its lethal injection chamber was last used in 2006. The prison has been featured on film, radio drama, video, podcast, and television; is the subject of many books; has hosted concerts; and has housed many notorious inmates.
Paulo Vinícius (footballer, born 1984)
Paulo Vinícius de Souza Nascimento (born 12 August 1984), known as Paulo Vinícius, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a defender. He could occupy all three defensive positions.

He spent the vast majority of his career in Portugal, amassing Primeira Liga totals of 126 matches and nine goals in representation of four clubs. In 2017 he signed with CFR Cluj in Romania, where he won several club and individual honours.

Cypriot Super Cup
The Cypriot Super Cup is a Cypriot football trophy, contested in an annual match between the previous season's Cypriot First Division champions, and the Cypriot Cup winners. The match is contested at the beginning of the football season, and is usually played at the GSP Stadium in Nicosia. The most successful team in the competition are Omonia, who have won the trophy on 17 occasions.

The current holders are AEK Larnaca who defeated Pafos FC 1–1 (5-4 on penalties) in the 2025 match.
Empty chair (law)
The empty chair is a non-party to a civil lawsuit who might also be blamed for any damages.  To the defendant, the advantage of shifting blame to the empty chair, a strategy called the empty chair defense, is that the empty chair is not there to defend itself, forcing the plaintiff to defend it.  This is why plaintiffs try to name all possible parties that might be blamed when filing a lawsuit.  In interrogatories, plaintiffs will typically follow up by asking defendants to confirm that everyone who might be blamed has been named as a defendant.  Sometimes, that is not possible, such as when a party is immune to suits.

Defendant
In court proceedings, a defendant is a person or object who is the party either accused of committing a crime in criminal prosecution or against whom some type of civil relief is being sought in a civil case.

Terminology varies from one jurisdiction to another. In Scots law, the terms "accused" or "panel" are used instead in criminal proceedings and "defender" in civil proceedings. Another term in use is "respondent".
Fahrudin Gjurgjevikj
Fahrudin Gjurgjevikj (Macedonian: Фахрудин Ѓурѓевиќ, born 17 February 1992) is a Macedonian footballer who plays for Gostivari. His surname can also be transliterated in Serbian Cyrillic as Ђурђевић, or as Đurđević/Djurdjević in Latin script.

FK Makedonija G.P.
FK Makedonija Gjorche Petrov (Macedonian: ФК Македонија Ѓорче Петров), commonly referred to as Makedonija GP (Macedonian: ФК Македонија Ѓ.П.), is a football club based in the municipality of Gjorche Petrov, in Skopje, North Macedonia. They are currently playing in the Macedonian First League.
John Harrington of Hornby
Sir John Harrington of Hornby, Lancashire (About 1310 – 1359), was a fourteenth-century knight and founder of the medieval Harrington dynasty in the North of England, known as the Harringtons of Farleton and Hornby. They were a cadet branch of the Harringtons of Aldingham, Sir John being the second son of the first Lord Harrington, who died in 1347.  At some point he married Katherine Banastre. Sir John the younger held Farleton manor jointly with Katherine  for a peppercorn rent of an annual payment of one rose, and suit at his father's court. In 1354, Henry, Duke of Lancaster granted Harrington a lease of a manor in Hornby; Harrington already held Bolton-le-Moors, Chorley, and Aighton, jure uxoris. He died on 1 August 1359: his lands passed in quick succession to his eldest son, Robert, to Robert's brother Thomas (who both died in 1361), and thence to his Harrington's youngest son Nicholas.

Aighton, Bailey and Chaigley
Aighton, Bailey and Chaigley is a civil parish in the Borough of Ribble Valley in Lancashire, England, just west of Clitheroe. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 1,307, an increase from 1,249 in 2001.

The main settlements in the parish are Hurst Green and Walker Fold. Other places are Aighton, Bailey and Chaigley, originally three hamlets forming a township. Stonyhurst College is located near to Hurst Green, within the parish.
Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States Agency
The Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States Agency was an agency of the Indian Empire, managing the relations of the Provincial Government of the Bombay Presidency with a collection of princely states.

The political agent in charge of the agency resided at Baroda (Vadodara).

Indian Political Department
The Indian Political Department, formerly part of the Foreign and Political Department of the Government of India, was a government department in British India. The department looked after the diplomatic and "political" relations with the subsidiary states of the British Raj in India, and some states overseas. The nature of its work was indirect rule. The department was disbanded at the time of Indian independence and replaced by a newly formed States Department in the Government of India.
HFG1
HFG1 is a very old planetary nebula located in the Constellation of Cassiopeia. The nebula was produced by V664 Cassiopeia, a binary star system. The distinct fist-shape of this nebula comes from the star system moving rapidly across the galaxy and ramming into the interstellar medium, which creates a blue colored bowshock and a red colored trail.

It was discovered in 1982 along with another nebula Abell 6. The HFG stands for Heckathorn-Fesen-Gull.

Fist
A fist is the shape of a hand when the fingers are bent inward against the palm and held there tightly. To make or clench a fist is to fold the fingers tightly into the center of the palm and then to clamp the thumb over the middle phalanges; in contrast to this "closed" fist, one keeps the fist "open" by holding the thumb against the side of the index finger.  One uses the closed fist to punch the lower phalanges against a surface, or to pound with the little-finger side of the hand's heel; one uses the open fist to knock with the middle knuckle of the middle finger.

Speakers of some English dialects may use the word "nieve" or "neef" to refer to a fist.
Torrico (surname)
Torrico is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alberto Torrico (born 1969), American politician

Didí Torrico (born 1988), Bolivian footballer

Juan Crisóstomo Torrico (1808–1875) served as the 16th President of Peru

Luis Torrico (born 1986), Bolivian footballer

Sebastián Torrico (born 1980), Argentine former footballer

Marcelo Torrico (born 1972), Bolivian former footballer

Jair Torrico (born 1986), Bolivian footballer

Rufino Torrico (1833—1920), Peruvian soldier and politician

José Carrasco Torrico (1863–1921), Bolivian lawyer, journalist, and politician

Alcira Cardona Torrico (1926–2003), Bolivian writer and poet

José Carrasco Torrico
José Carrasco Torrico (4 November 1863 – 24 May 1921) was a Bolivian lawyer, journalist and politician who served as the 19th vice president of Bolivia from 1913 to 1917. He served as second vice president alongside first vice president Juan Misael Saracho during the second administration of Ismael Montes.
Esufaly Goolamhusen Adamaly
Esufaly Goolamhusen Adamaly, JP, was a Bohra merchant and legislator in Ceylon.

Mohamedbhoy Allibhoy immigrated to Ceylon from India and became a successful merchant. His firm E. G. Adamaly & Co., named after his three sons, Esufally, Gulamhussein and Adamaly, was at the time the largest importer of rice, sugar, flour, matches, kerosene and grain. In 1905, the firm imported 400,000 bags of rice per year and owned extensive property in Colombo, Kandy, and Nuwara Eliya including the 120-hectare (300-acre) Fairfield Estate of rubber and tea in Avissaewella.

Esufaly Goolamhusen Adamaly was born in Cutch, India and was educated firstly in Bombay and subsequently at St. Joseph's College, Colombo.

He was appointed by the Governor of Ceylon as the Indian unofficial member of Legislative Council of Ceylon in 1920 and served until 1925. His son Kurbanhusen Adamaly also served as an appointed member of the Senate of Ceylon.

Kandy
Kandy (Sinhala: මහනුවර, romanised: Mahanuwara [mahanuʋərə] ⓘ; Tamil: கண்டி, romanised: Kaṇṭi [ˈkaɳɖi] ⓘ) is a major city located in the Central Province of Sri Lanka. It was the last capital of the Sinhalese monarchy from 1469 to 1818, under the Kingdom of Kandy. The city is situated in the midst of hills in the Kandy plateau. Kandy is the administrative  capital of the Central Province, and considered as the cultural capital of Sri Lanka, due to its architectural heritage. Kandy is the home of the Temple of the Tooth Relic (Sri Dalada Maligawa), one of the most important places of the Buddhist world. It was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1988. Historically the local Buddhist rulers resisted Portuguese, Dutch, and British colonial expansion and occupation.
Structure of the Royal Air Force
This is the structure of the Royal Air Force (RAF).

Air Chief Marshal Harv Smyth serves as the Chief of the Air Staff, the professional head of the Royal Air Force, alongside Air Marshal Paul Lloyd, the Deputy Chief of the Air Staff. Warrant Officer Murugesvaran Subramaniam was appointed the senior Warrant Officer of the RAF in April 2023. Air Marshal Allan Marshall was appointed Air and Space Commander in March 2024.

Air and Space Commander
The Air and Space Commander is the senior Royal Air Force officer responsible for the conduct of air operations. The current Air and Space Commander is Air Marshal Allan Marshall who has been serving in the position since March 2024.

Marshall is married to the current Assistant Chief of the Air Staff, Air Vice-Marshal Suraya Marshall.

The Air and Space Commander supervises 1 Group, 2 Group, 11 Group (with 83 EAG within it); 22 Group, and United Kingdom Space Command.
Jacobi's formula
In matrix calculus, Jacobi's formula expresses the derivative of the determinant of a matrix A in terms of the adjugate of A and the derivative of A.

If A is a differentiable map from the real numbers to n × n matrices, then

where tr(X) is the trace of the matrix X and  is its adjugate matrix.  (The latter equality only holds if A(t) is invertible.)

As a special case,

Equivalently, if dA stands for the differential of A, the general formula is

The formula is named after the mathematician Carl Jacobi.

Characteristic polynomial
In linear algebra, the characteristic polynomial of a square matrix is a polynomial which is invariant under matrix similarity and has the eigenvalues as roots. It has the determinant and the trace of the matrix among its coefficients. The characteristic polynomial of an endomorphism of a finite-dimensional vector space is the characteristic polynomial of the matrix of that endomorphism over any basis (that is, the characteristic polynomial does not depend on the choice of a basis). The characteristic equation, also known as the determinantal equation, is the equation obtained by equating the characteristic polynomial to zero.

In spectral graph theory, the characteristic polynomial of a graph is the characteristic polynomial of its adjacency matrix.
Kingold Jewelry
Kingold Jewelry is a Chinese jewelry company with its headquarters in the Huangpu Science & Technology Park in Jiangan District, Wuhan, Hubei. It also has an office in New York City. As of 2020 the chairperson is Jia Zhihong and the company is the largest gold processor in the province that is not owned by the Chinese government nor provincial nor local governments.

The company had several trust products but investors in 2019 never received money they asked for. Dongguan Trust Co. Ltd., which investigated Kingold in order to liquidate its capital, found that some purported gold bars used as collateral were copper with gold plating. The loans were to be worth $2.8 billion U.S. dollars.

Jiang'an, Wuhan
Jiang'an District (Chinese: 江岸区; pinyin: Jiāng'àn Qū) forms part of the urban core of and is one of 13 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province, China.

Jiang'an District is located on the Yangtze's left (northwestern) shore, and includes the northeastern half of the former Hankou city (northeast, i.e. downstream, of Jianghan Rd.). On the left bank of the Yangtze, it borders Huangpi to the north, Jianghan to the southwest, and Dongxihu to the west; on the opposite bank it borders Hongshan, Wuchang, and Qingshan.
Christine Ayo Achen
Christine Ayo Achen also known as Achen Christine Ayo (born 7 July 1983) is a Ugandan politician and administrator. She is the district woman representative of Alebtong in the 10th parliament of Uganda. She is affiliated with the National Resistance Movement.

Parliament of Uganda
The Parliament of Uganda is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Uganda. One of its primary functions is to pass laws that support effective governance in the country. Government ministers are required to answer to the people's representatives on the floor of the house and may be appointed from amongst its members.

Through the various parliamentary committees, parliament scrutinises government programmes, particularly as outlined in the State of the Nation address by the president. Fiscal matters, such as taxation and loans, require parliamentary approval after appropriate debate.Parliament also holds the authority to confirm certain presidential nominations and, through a motion of censure, may compel a Minister to resign.
Seven Mile Beach National Park
Seven Mile Beach is a national park in New South Wales (Australia), 110 km southwest of Sydney.

It consists of tidal flats, islands and a coastal sand barrier built from river silt
in the Shoalhaven River delta. It is important areas for migratory waders and sea birds and protects a large littoral rainforest. The wettest month of the year is March, and the driest is September. The average temperature ranges from 17 to 25 degrees Celsius.

There are great opportunities for bird watchers. They can observe king parrots, rainbow lorikeets, rosellas, wrens, New Holland honeyeaters and brown cuckoo doves.

Rosella
Rosellas /roʊˈzɛləz/ are in a genus that consists of six species and nineteen subspecies. 
These colourful  parrots from Australia are in the genus Platycercus. 
Platycercus means "broad-tailed" or "flat-tailed", reflecting a feature common to the rosellas and other members of the broad-tailed parrot tribe. Their diet is mainly seeds and fruit.
NK Primorac 1929
Nogometni Klub Primorac 1929 (English: Football Club Primorac 1929), commonly referred to as Primorac Stobreč, is a Croatian football club based in the small coastal town of Stobreč near the city of Split in central Dalmatia. They are members of the 3. HNL South, one of five third level divisions in the Croatian football league system. Primorac 1929 acted as a farm team for the nearby powerhouse Hajduk Split from 2011 to 2014.

Croatian football league system
The Croatian football league system is a series of connected leagues for club football in Croatia. This system has hierarchical format with promotion and relegation between leagues at different levels. Last revision of league system was made in 2022:
Joseph H. Steere
Joseph H. Steere (May 16, 1852 – December 16, 1936) was an American jurist.

Born in Addison, Michigan, Steere graduated from University of Michigan in 1876. He then studied law, went to University of Michigan Law School for law lectures, and was admitted to the Michigan bar in 1878. In 1878, Steere moved to Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan to practice law. He served as prosecuting attorney. From 1881 to 1911, Steere served as Michigan circuit court judge and was a Republican. Steere served on the Michigan Supreme Court from 1911 until 1927 and was the chief justice. Steere died in a hospital in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan.

Michigan Supreme Court
The Michigan Supreme Court is the highest court in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is Michigan's court of last resort and consists of seven justices. The Court is in the Michigan Hall of Justice at 925 Ottawa Street in Lansing, the state capital.
2011 Mountain West Conference baseball tournament
The 2011 Mountain West Conference baseball tournament took place from May 24 through 28  The top six regular season finishers of the league's seven teams met in the double-elimination tournament held at San Diego State's Tony Gwynn Stadium.  Sixth seeded New Mexico won their first Mountain West Conference Baseball Championship with a championship game score of 4–2 and earned the conference's automatic bid to the 2011 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

Tony Gwynn Stadium
Tony Gwynn Stadium is a ballpark in San Diego, California, located on the campus of San Diego State University (SDSU). Opened in 1997, it is the home of the San Diego State Aztecs baseball team. The Aztecs compete in NCAA Division I as a member of the Mountain West Conference (MW).
Cygnus NG-15
Cygnus NG-15, previously known as OA-15, was the fifteenth launch of the Northrop Grumman robotic resupply spacecraft Cygnus and its fourteenth flight to the International Space Station (ISS) under the Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) contract with NASA. The mission launched on 20 February 2021 at 17:36:50 UTC. This is the fourth launch of Cygnus under the CRS-2 contract.

Orbital ATK (now Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems) and NASA jointly developed a new space transportation system to provide commercial cargo resupply services to the International Space Station (ISS). Under the Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program, Orbital ATK designed, acquired, built, and assembled these components: Antares, a medium-class launch vehicle; Cygnus, an advanced spacecraft using a Pressurized Cargo Module (PCM) provided by industrial partner Thales Alenia Space of Turin, Italy, and a Service Module based on the Orbital GEOStar satellite bus.

Satellite bus
A satellite bus (or spacecraft bus) is the main body and structural component of a satellite or spacecraft, in which the payload and all scientific instruments are held.

Bus-derived satellites are less customized than specially-produced satellites, but have specific equipment added to meet customer requirements, for example with specialized sensors or transponders, in order to achieve a specific mission.

They are commonly used for geosynchronous satellites, particularly communications satellites, but are most commonly used in spacecraft which occupy low Earth orbit missions.
Guibourg
Guibourg is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Étienne Guibourg (1610–1680), French Roman Catholic abbé who performed Black Masses for Catherine Monvoisin in the Affair of the Poisons

Georges Guibourg (1891–1970), French singer, author, writer, playwright, and actor

Étienne Guibourg
The Abbé Étienne Guibourg (c. 1610 – January 1686) was a French Roman Catholic abbé and occultist who was involved in the affaire des poisons, during the reign of Louis XIV. He has been variously described as a "defrocked" or "renegade" priest, and is said to have also had a good knowledge of chemistry. He is best known for performing a series of Black Mass rituals with Catherine Monvoisin for Madame de Montespan.