hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Besim Tibuk
Besim Tibuk (born 14 April 1946 in Fındıklı) is a Turkish businessman and former politician. He is the chairman of the board of directory of Net Holding, and the founder and the ex-chairman of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP).

He was born in 1946 at Arılı village of Fındıklı district of Rize as the child of a family of Laz origin. He completed his primary education in Murgul and secondary education in Kars, Artvin, and İzmit. He went to the United States with 1962–1963 AFS scholarship. He finished his high school education in the US. In 1968, he graduated from Ankara University, Faculty of Political Sciences, Department of Diplomacy (now Ankara University, Faculty of Political Sciences, Department of International Relations). He worked at the State Institute of Statistics between 1964 and 1967. In 1971–1972, he completed his master's degree in the Business Administration Specialization Program at the Institute of Business Economics of Istanbul University.

Murgul
Murgul (Laz and Georgian: მურღული/Murghuli) is a town in Artvin Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Murgul District. Its population is 5,020 (2021).

Previously known as Damar and Göktaş, Murgul is on a tributary of the Çoruh River, with mountains on all sides.

Half of the land is mountain forest and most of the other half is meadow, only 5% is planted. There are various mining and mineral operations especially copper (Murgul has Turkey's largest copper reserve) and also iron and nitrates.
François Lafourcade
François Lafourcade (8 November 1881 – 10 August 1917) was a French professional road racing cyclist. He rode seven times the Tour de France and had among others five podium finishes in Bol d'Or and five top-10 achievements in Bordeaux–Paris. He was involved in the first known doping case in Tour de France history.

Bol d'Or
The Bol d’Or is a 24-hour endurance race for motorcycles, held annually in France. The race is part of the FIM Endurance World Championship. The riding of each bike is now shared by a team of three riders.
Alice Twemlow
Alice Twemlow is a writer, critic and educator from the United Kingdom whose work focuses on graphic design. She has been a guest critic at the Yale University School of Art, Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA), and Rhode Island School of Design (RISD). In 2006, the School of Visual Arts (SVA) in New York named Twemlow the chair and co-founder of its Master of Fine Arts in Design Criticism (D-Crit). According to her SVA biography: "Alice Twemlow writes for Eye, Design Issues, I.D., Print, New York magazine and The Architect’s Newspaper." Twemlow is also a contributor to the online publication Voice: AIGA Journal of Design. In 2012 Core77 selected her as a jury captain for the "Design Writing and Commentary" category of the Core77 Design Awards. Twemlow was head of the MA in Design Curating & Writing at Design Academy Eindhoven, 2017-2018, and is now Lector Design at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts (KABK) in The Hague, and Associate Professor at Leiden University.

Maryland Institute College of Art
The Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA) is a private art and design college in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1826 as the Maryland Institute for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts, it is regarded as one of the oldest art colleges in the United States.

MICA is a member of the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design (AICAD), a consortium of US art schools. The college hosts pre-college, post-baccalaureate, continuing studies, Master of Fine Arts, and Bachelor of Fine Arts programs, as well as young peoples' studio art classes.
Hadoti
Hadoti is a historical region located in the southeastern part of the Indian state of Rajasthan. It encompasses the districts of Bundi, Kota, Jhalawar, and Baran. Named after the Hada Rajputs, a branch of the Chauhan clan, the region's identity began taking shape in the 13th century when Rao Deva conquered Bundi in 1241 CE, followed by the capture of Kota in 1264 CE.

Malvi
The Malvi or Malavi, also known as Manthani or Mahadeopuri, is an Indian breed of zebu cattle from the Malwa plateau in western Madhya Pradesh, in central India. It is a good draught breed; the milk yield of the cows is low.: 3

The breed has been studied at the Government Cattle Breeding Farm at Agar, in Shajapur district of Madhya Pradesh, for more than 50 years.
N.V.H v Minister for Justice & Equality
N.H.V. v Minister for Justice & Equality [2017] IESC 35 was an Irish Supreme Court case in which the Court upheld a challenge to the absolute prohibition on employment of asylum seekers contained in Section 9(4) of the Refugee Act 1996 and held it to be contrary to the constitutional right to seek employment.

Supreme Court of Ireland
The Supreme Court of Ireland (Irish: Cúirt Uachtarach na hÉireann) is the highest judicial authority in Ireland. It is a court of final appeal and exercises, in conjunction with the Court of Appeal and the High Court, judicial review over Acts of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament). The Supreme Court also has appellate jurisdiction to ensure compliance with the Constitution of Ireland by governmental bodies and private citizens. It sits in the Four Courts in Dublin.
Juan Gossaín
Juan Antonio Gossaín Abdallah (born January 17, 1949) is a Colombian writer, journalist and novelist. Known for his distinctive journalistic style, he is one of the most renowned veteran journalists in the country.

Born in San Bernardo del Viento, Córdoba, he served as director of the RCN Radio network and has twice won the Simón Bolívar National Journalism Prize for best radio journalist.

RCN Radio
RCN Radio (Radio Cadena Nacional, "National Radio Network") is one of the main radio networks in Colombia. Founded in 1949 with the integration of Radio Pacífico (Cali), La Voz de Medellín and Emisora Nueva Granada (Bogotá).

Carlos Ardila Lülle is its main shareholder since 1973.
Conopomorpha cramerella
Conopomorpha cramerella, the cocoa pod borer, is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Saudi Arabia, China, India (West Bengal, Andaman Islands), Thailand, Brunei, Indonesia (Sumatra, Sulawesi, Papua, Papua Barat, Java, Kalimantan, Moluccas), Malaysia (Peninsula, Sarawak, Sabah), Vietnam, Australia, New Britain, the Philippines, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Vanuatu, and Australia (Northern Territory).

The larvae feed on Cynometra cauliflora, Swietenia species, Dimocarpus longan, Litchi chinensis, Nephelium lappaceum, Nephelium litchi, Nephelium malainse, Nephelium mutabile, Pometia species (including Pometia pinnata), Cola species and Theobroma cacao.

Longan
Dimocarpus longan, commonly known as the longan (/ˈlɒŋɑːn/) and dragon's eye, is a tropical tree species that produces edible fruit. It is one of the better-known tropical members of the soapberry family Sapindaceae, to which the lychee and rambutan also belong. The fruit of the longan is similar to that of the lychee, but is less aromatic in taste.

The longan (from Vietnamese long nhãn or Cantonese lùhng ngáahn 龍眼, literally 'dragon eye'), is so named because the black seed within the shelled fruit creates the appearance of an eyeball. The plant is native to tropical Asia and China.
Panykang County
Panyikang County is an administrative area in Upper Nile State, in the Greater Upper Nile region of South Sudan. Panyikang County is situated in Upper Nile State, within the Greater Upper Nile region of South Sudan. Covering an area of approximately 5,038 square kilometers, it had an estimated population of 70,117 as of 2017.

Greater Upper Nile
The Greater Upper Nile (Arabic: منطقة أعالي النيل, romanized: A'Ali An Nil) is a region of northeastern South Sudan. It is named for the White Nile (it is its lowest portion in South Sudan), a tributary of the Nile River in North and East Africa.
Grigorchuk group
In the mathematical area of group theory, the Grigorchuk group or the first Grigorchuk group is a finitely generated group constructed by Rostislav Grigorchuk that provided the first example of a finitely generated group of intermediate (that is, faster than polynomial but slower than exponential) growth. The group was originally constructed by Grigorchuk in a 1980 paper and he then proved in a 1984 paper that this group has intermediate growth, thus providing an answer to an important open problem posed by John Milnor in 1968. The Grigorchuk group remains a key object of study in geometric group theory, particularly in the study of the so-called branch groups and automata groups, and it has important connections with the theory of iterated monodromy groups.

Elementary amenable group
In mathematics, a group is called elementary amenable if it can be built up from finite groups and abelian groups by a sequence of simple operations that result in amenable groups when applied to amenable groups.  Since finite groups and abelian groups are amenable, every elementary amenable group is amenable - however, the converse is not true.

Formally, the class of elementary amenable groups is the smallest subclass of the class of all groups that satisfies the following conditions:

it contains all finite and all abelian groups

if G is in the subclass and H is isomorphic to G, then H is in the subclass

it is closed under the operations of taking subgroups, forming quotients, and forming extensions

it is closed under directed unions.

The Tits alternative implies that any amenable linear group is locally virtually solvable; hence, for linear groups, amenability and elementary amenability coincide.
2013 World Pool Masters
The 2013 World Pool Masters, also known as World Pool Masters XXI, was a nine-ball pool tournament that took place in Barnsley, England, between 25 and 27 October 2013. It was the 21st edition of the invitational tournament organised by Matchroom Sport. Netherlands' Niels Feijen won the event, defeating Darren Appleton in the final 8–6.

Defending champion Ralf Souquet lost his first round match to Chris Melling 8–3.

Chris Melling (pool player)
Christopher Melling (born 27 January 1979) is an English professional pool and snooker player from Keighley, Bradford, West Yorkshire. He is a former world number 1 at World Rules British Eight-Ball. He won the WEPF World Eightball Championship twice, in 2001 and 2003. He was ranked #1 in 2003 by the World Eightball Pool Federation. Melling has also twice won the International Pool Masters (2001 and 2002) and the European Professional title (2002). He was the first player to win two International Tour events back to back.
Château de Najac
Château de Najac or the royal fortress of Najac (Languedocien: Castèl de Najac) is located in Najac, in the Aveyron département, in southern France.

The castle was built in 1253 by the villagers on the orders of Alphonse de Poitiers, brother of Saint Louis, on the site of an older castle (a square tower) built in 1100 by Bertrand of St Gilles, son of Raymond IV, count of Toulouse.

Count of Toulouse
The count of Toulouse  (Occitan: comte de Tolosa, French: comte de Toulouse) was the ruler of Toulouse during the 8th to 13th centuries. Originating as vassals of the Frankish kings, 
the hereditary counts ruled the city of Toulouse and its surrounding county from the late 9th century until 1270.  The counts and other family members were also at various times counts of Quercy, Rouergue, Albi, and Nîmes, and sometimes margraves (military defenders of the Holy Roman Empire) of Septimania and Provence.   
Count Raymond IV founded the Crusader state of Tripoli, and his descendants were also counts there.
They reached the zenith of their power during  the 11th and 12th centuries, but after the Albigensian Crusade the county fell to the kingdom of France, nominally in 1229 and de facto in 1271.

Later the title was revived for Louis Alexandre, Count of Toulouse, a bastard of Louis XIV (1678–1737).
Amanda Gentil
Amanda Kelly Gentil Guimarães Rosa (born 25 December 1998) is a Brazilian politician serving as a member of the Chamber of Deputies since 2023. From 2021 to 2023, she served as secretary of government of Caxias.

Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)
The Chamber of Deputies (Portuguese: Câmara dos Deputados) is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. The chamber comprises 513 deputies, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms. The current president of the chamber is the Deputy Hugo Motta (Republicanos-PB), who was elected on 1 February 2025.
Vijaygarh Jyotish Ray College
Vijaygarh Jyotish Roy College is a Govt. aided college in Southern Kolkata, India. It offers science, arts, and commerce courses with undergraduate and post-graduate degrees, and it is affiliated with the University of Calcutta. It is recognized under (UGC) University Grants Commission (India), and accredited with Grade "A" by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council of India (NAAC).

National Assessment and Accreditation Council
The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) is a public autonomous body of the government of India that assesses and accredits higher education institutions (HEIs) in India. It is funded by the University Grants Commission and headquartered in Bengaluru.
Rina Amiri
Rina Amiri (born c. 1969) is an Afghan-born American diplomat and activist who served as the U.S. special envoy for Afghan women, girls and human rights from 2022 to 2025. She served as senior advisor to the U.S. special representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan under the Obama administration, has served in the United Nations in several peace building capacities, and has held senior positions in programs at Harvard, Princeton, and New York University. She has provided political analysis and commentary on MSNBC, PBS, CNN, and CSPAN, and was recognized as 125 Women of Impact by Newsweek.

Afghans
Afghans are the citizens and nationals of Afghanistan. Afghans comprise various ethnic groups, of which Tajiks, Pushtuns, Hazaras, and Uzbeks are the largest.

The two main languages spoken among the Afghan people are Dari (a variety of Persian) and Pashto. Historically, the ethnonym "Afghan" used to refer to Pashtuns, but later came to refer to all ethnicities in Afghanistan after the 1964 Constitution of Afghanistan proposed by King Mohammad Zahir Shah.
Markus Västilä
Markus Västilä (born 30 November 1992) is a Finnish professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing for Nybro IF of the Hockeyettan.

Markus Västilä made his Liiga debut playing with Ilves during the 2011–12 Liiga season

Ilves
Tampereen Ilves, commonly known as Ilves, (pronounced [ˈilʋes]; Finnish for "Lynx") is a Finnish professional ice hockey team based in Tampere. They play in the Liiga at the Nokia Arena.

The colors of Ilves, green, yellow, and black, were taken from what was then the coat of arms of the city of Tampere.
POOR Magazine
POOR Magazine/Prensa Pobre is a grassroots, poor people-led, non-profit arts organization in San Francisco, California, United States. It is part of the greater indigenous and poor peoples-led movements around the world, such as the Landless Peoples Movements, the Homeless Workers' Movement, and Take Back the Land. POOR Magazine also holds an office in Oakland, California through its Homefulness Project, a sustainable permanent housing initiative for families displaced by gentrification.

POOR Magazine was founded in 1996 by Lisa "Tiny" Gray-Garcia and Dee Gray, a mother and daughter team struggling with extreme poverty, racism, incarceration, and homelessness.

In November 2013 POOR Magazine staged a highly publicized action theater piece in front of Twitter headquarters to protest Twitter's greater financial presence within San Francisco.

POOR Magazine operates the low-power FM radio station KEXU-L.

Landless People's Movement
The Landless People's Movement is an independent social movement in South Africa. It consisted of rural people and people living in shack settlements in cities. The Landless People's Movement boycotted parliamentary elections and had a history of conflict with the African National Congress. The Landless People's Movement was affiliated to Via Campesina internationally and its Johannesburg branches to the Poor People's Alliance in South Africa.
Wilfred Thomas
Wilfred William Henry Thomas (1875–1953) was the inaugural Bishop of Brandon.

He was born in Tenby in 1875 and educated at Reading School. Ordained in 1898, he began his career as Curate of Christ's Church Cathedral, Hamilton, Ontario after which he held incumbencies in Winnipeg and Selkirk. From 1916 to 1924 he was Archdeacon of East Manitoba when he was elevated to the episcopate.

Reading School
Reading School is a state grammar school for boys with academy status in the English town of Reading, the county of Berkshire. It traces its history back to the school of Reading Abbey and is, thus, one of the oldest schools in England, although it closed for a few years in the 1860s. It is a state boarding school. There are no tuition fees for day pupils, and boarders only pay for food and lodging. Reading is one of the best state schools in the UK according to the GCSE and A-level tables and has consistently ranked in the top ten.
Vishegrad Fortress
Vishegrad (Bulgarian: Вишеград) is a medieval fortress in the Rhodope Mountains of southern Bulgaria rising over a promontory in the valley of the river Arda. About one kilometer south on another hill lie the ruins of an ancient Thracian fort. Its name means High Town.

Rhodope Mountains
The Rhodopes (/ˈrɒdəpiːz/; Bulgarian: Родопи, Rodopi; Greek: Ροδόπη, Rodopi; Turkish: Rodoplar) are a mountain range in Southeastern Europe, and the largest by area in Bulgaria, with over 83% of its area in the southern part of the country and the remainder in Greece. Golyam Perelik is its highest peak at 2,191 meters (7,188 ft). The mountain range gives its name to the terrestrial ecoregion Rodope montane mixed forests that belongs in the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome and the Palearctic realm. The region is particularly notable for its karst areas with their deep river gorges, large caves and specific sculptured forms, such as the Trigrad Gorge.

A significant part of Bulgaria's hydropower resources are located in the western areas of the range. There are a number of hydro-cascades and dams used for electricity production, irrigation, and as tourist destinations.
2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri
The 2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri were held on November 8, 2016, to elect the eight U.S. representatives from the state of Missouri, one from each of the state's eight congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections. The primaries were held on August 2.

Blaine Luetkemeyer
William Blaine Luetkemeyer (/ˈluːtkəmaɪ.ər/ LOOT-kə-my-ər; born May 7, 1952) is an American politician who served as the U.S. representative for Missouri's 3rd congressional district from 2013 to 2025. On January 4, 2024, he declined to run for reelection to Congress. He previously represented Missouri's 9th congressional district from 2009 to 2013. A member of the Republican Party, Luetkemeyer formerly served as a member of the Missouri House of Representatives.
Sultanate of Shewa
The Sultanate of Shewa (also spelled Sultanate of Shoa), sometimes called the Makhzumi dynasty, was a Muslim kingdom in present-day Ethiopia. Its capital Walale was situated in northern Hararghe in Harla country. Its territory extended possibly to areas west of the Awash River. The port of Zeila may have influenced the kingdom. The rise of the Makhzumi state at the same time resulted in the decline of the Kingdom of Axum. Several engravings dating back to the 13th century showing the presence of the kingdom are found in Chelenqo, Bate, Harla near Dire Dawa and Munesa near Lake Langano.

It has recently been proposed that Shewa was not a unified Sultanate but rather a collection of smaller, autonomous political entities.

Munesa
Munesa is one of the Aanaas in the Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia. Part of the Arsi Zone located in the Great Rift Valley, Munesa is bordered on the south and west by the West Arsi Zone and Lake Langano, on the northwest by Batu Dugda, on the north by Tiyo, on the northeast by Digeluna Tijo, and on the east by Bekoji. The administrative center of the woreda is Kersa; other towns in Munesa include Ego.
Taylor Ziemer
Taylor Marie Ziemer (born July 16, 1998) is an American soccer player who plays as a midfielder for 1. FC Köln. She has represented the United States National Team at the U14, U15, U18, and U19 levels.

Besta deild kvenna
The Besta deild kvenna (lit. 'Women's Best Division') is the top-tier women's football league in Iceland. It features 10 teams that play a double round robin to decide the champion, which qualifies for a spot in the UEFA Women's Champions League. The 2022 season was the first season of the league after it was rebranded as Besta deild kvenna; previously, it had been named Úrvalsdeild kvenna (lit. 'Women's Elite League').
Roger Preece (priest)
Roger Preece (born 25 September 1964) is a British Anglican priest who was the first Archdeacon of St Helens and Warrington from 2015 until 2019.

After graduating from Imperial College London, Preece was in banking until 2005. After a course of study at St Stephen's House, Oxford, he was ordained in 2007. He was curate at Marple then Vicar of Bowdon until his appointment as Archdeacon of St Helens and Warrington. It was announced on 11 July 2019 that Preece would become Master of the Royal Foundation of St Katharine on 30 September (by which he vacated the archdeaconry).

Bowdon, Greater Manchester
Bowdon is a village and electoral ward in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, Greater Manchester, England. It is a suburb of Altrincham, lying within the historic county boundaries of Cheshire. It became part of Greater Manchester in 1974.
Netherlands Antilles at the South American Games
Netherlands Antilles first entered the competition at the 1994 games in Valencia, Venezuela and have participated in all but one edition in 1998.

The Netherlands Antilles usually send the smallest delegations at the games but have still managed to get a total of seven gold medals in only four editions.

1994 South American Games
The V South American Games (Spanish: Juegos Sudamericanos; Portuguese: Jogos Sul-Americanos) were a multi-sport event held in 1994 in Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela, with some events in Puerto Cabello (boxing, judo, karate, wrestling) and Caracas (shooting). The Games were organized by the South American Sports Organization (ODESUR).  An appraisal of the games and detailed medal lists were published
elsewhere,
emphasizing the results of the Argentinian teams.

Torch lighter at the Polideportivo Misael Delgado was local swimmer Ramón Volcán.  Aruba, the Netherlands Antilles, and Panamá had their first appearance at the games, enhancing the number of participating nations to 14.

The games were initially awarded to Montevideo, Uruguay, but the local officials declined in 1992.