hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dave Howie
David Dickie Howie (12 May 1888 – 19 January 1916) was a rugby union player, who represented Scotland and Kirkcaldy RFC. He enlisted as a trooper in the local yeomanry in September 1914, at the start of the First World War. After undergoing training in England, he was commissioned second lieutenant in the Royal Field Artillery in April 1915 and despatched to Gallipoli in August. During the evacuation of Anzac Bay, he contracted pneumonia, and died in Cairo, Egypt, after shooting himself with a revolver while in a state of delirium. He is buried at the Cairo War Memorial Cemetery.

Howie, who played as a forward, was capped seven times for Scotland between 1912 and 1913.

North of Scotland District (rugby union)
North of Scotland was a select provincial amateur rugby union team that drew its players mainly from north of Scotland, roughly corresponding from around Aberdeenshire west and northwards.

Confusingly the name North of Scotland was also used for a larger 'combined district' of the North of Scotland District and the Midlands District.

This lack of recognition for the Midlands District, when the 'North of Scotland' name was used for the combined side, was finally ended in 1978. After this the 'combined district' became known as North and Midlands, although the 'North and Midlands' name was used from 1954 in the Scottish Inter-District Championship.

The name of North of Scotland was then only used for the Aberdeenshire and Highland district.
Rafah-e-Aam Society
Rafah-e-Aam Society (Urdu: رفاہ عام سوسائٹی) is a neighborhood in the Korangi District in eastern Karachi, Pakistan. It was previously part of Shah Faisal Town, which was an administrative unit that was disbanded in 2011. Its old name was "Allahabad Town". 
Rafah-e-Aam Society's postal code is 75210.

There are several ethnic groups residing in Rafah-e-Aam Society; dominated by around 96% Urdu-speaking, the other 4% of people belonging from other ethnicities including Pakhtuns, Balochis and Punjabis. Over 99% of the population is Muslim.

Rafah-e-Aam Society contains Rafah-e-Aam Park, Ladies Park, Jamia Masjid Mosque, Union Council office, Johar Park Ground, Rafah-e-Aam Market and a commercial street.

Baloch people
The Baloch people or the Balochs are an Iranian nomadic pastoral ethnic group which speaks the Western Iranic Balochi language and are native to the Balochistan region of South and West Asia, occupying parts of Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan. There are also Baloch diaspora communities in neighbouring regions, including in Central Asia, and the Arabian Peninsula.

The majority of the Baloch reside within Pakistan. About 50% of the total Baloch population live in the Pakistani province of Balochistan, while 40% are settled in Sindh and a significant albeit smaller number resides in the Pakistani Punjab. They make up 3.6% of Pakistan's total population, 2% of Iran's population, and around 0.5%–1% of the population of Afghanistan, and the largest non-Arab community in Oman.
The Trail of Cthulhu
The Trail of Cthulhu is a series of interconnected short stories  by American writer August Derleth as part of the Cthulhu Mythos genre of horror fiction. The stories chronicle the struggles of Laban Shrewsbury and his companions against the Great Old Ones, particularly Cthulhu.

The stories were originally published in Weird Tales from 1944 to 1952, and were republished in collected form as The Trail of Cthulhu by Arkham House in 1962  in an edition of 2,470 copies.

Cthulhu Mythos
The Cthulhu Mythos is a mythopoeia and a shared universe, originating in the works of American horror writer H. P. Lovecraft. The term was coined by August Derleth, a contemporary correspondent and protégé of Lovecraft, to describe the settings, tropes, and lore employed by Lovecraft and his literary successors. The name "Cthulhu" derives from the central creature in Lovecraft's seminal short story "The Call of Cthulhu", first published in the pulp magazine Weird Tales in 1928.

Richard L. Tierney, a writer who also wrote Mythos tales, later applied the term "Derleth Mythos" to distinguish Lovecraft's works from Derleth's later stories, which modify key tenets of the Mythos. Authors of Lovecraftian horror in particular frequently use elements of the Cthulhu Mythos.: viii–ix
RecQ helicase
RecQ helicase is a family of helicase enzymes initially found in Escherichia coli that has been shown to be important in genome maintenance. They function through catalyzing the reaction ATP + H2O → ADP + P and thus driving the unwinding of  paired DNA and translocating in the 3' to 5' direction. These enzymes can also drive the reaction NTP + H2O → NDP + P to drive the unwinding of either DNA or RNA.

Exonuclease
Exonucleases are enzymes that work by cleaving nucleotides one at a time from the end (exo) of a polynucleotide chain. A hydrolyzing reaction that breaks phosphodiester bonds at either the 3′ or the 5′ end occurs.  Its close relative is the endonuclease, which cleaves phosphodiester bonds in the middle (endo) of a polynucleotide chain.  Eukaryotes and prokaryotes have three types of exonucleases involved in the normal turnover of mRNA: 5′ to 3′ exonuclease (Xrn1), which is a dependent decapping protein; 3′ to 5′ exonuclease, an independent protein; and poly(A)-specific 3′ to 5′ exonuclease.

In both archaea and eukaryotes, one of the main routes of RNA degradation is performed by the multi-protein exosome complex, which consists largely of 3′ to 5′ exoribonucleases.
SM UC-10
SM UC-10 was a German Type UC I minelayer submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. The U-boat was ordered on 14 November 1914 and was launched on 15 July 1915. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 17 July 1915 as SM UC-10. Mines laid by UC-10 in her 30 patrols were credited with sinking 18 ships. UC-10 was torpedoed and sunk on 21 August 1916 by British submarine HMS E54 at position 52°02′N 03°54′E﻿ / ﻿52.033°N 3.900°E﻿ / 52.033; 3.900.

Minelayer
A minelayer is any warship, submarine, military aircraft or land vehicle deploying explosive mines. Since World War I the term "minelayer" refers specifically to a naval ship used for deploying naval mines. "Mine planting" was the term for installing controlled mines at predetermined positions in connection with coastal fortifications or harbor approaches that would be detonated by shore control when a ship was fixed as being within the mine's effective range.

An army's special-purpose combat engineering vehicles used to lay landmines are sometimes called "minelayers".
Grane oil field
Grane (Norwegian: Granefeltet) is an offshore oil field in the North Sea located 185 km (115 mi) west of the city of Haugesund on the western coast of Norway. It is Norway's first heavy crude oil production field and Statoil's largest heavy oil field in the Norwegian continental shelf. The oil from the field, located in Block 25/11 is transported to Sture terminal via Grane oil pipeline. The injection gas is imported to Grane oil field from the Heimdal, located just north the field.

Petroleum reservoir
A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations. Such reservoirs form when kerogen (ancient plant matter) is created in surrounding rock by the presence of high heat and pressure in the Earth's crust.

Reservoirs are broadly classified as conventional and unconventional reservoirs. In conventional reservoirs, the naturally occurring hydrocarbons, such as crude oil (petroleum) or natural gas, are trapped by overlying rock formations with lower permeability, while in unconventional reservoirs the rocks have high porosity and low permeability, which keeps the hydrocarbons trapped in place, therefore not requiring a cap rock. Reservoirs are found using hydrocarbon exploration methods.
Hamman
Hamman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adalbert Hamman (1910–2000), French Franciscan priest

Bob Hamman (born 1938), American professional bridge player

Edouard Hamman (1819–1888), Belgian painter

Jared Hamman (born 1982)

John Hamman (1927–2000)

Louis Virgil Hamman (1877–1946), American medical researcher
Hamman-Rich syndrome
Hamman's sign
Hamman's syndrome

Mary Hamman (1907–1984)

Petra Hamman (born 1946)

Phillip Hamman (c. 1753 – 1832)

Shane Hamman (born 1972), American weightlifter

Hamman's sign
Hamman's sign (rarely, Hammond's sign or Hammond's crunch) is a medical sign consisting of a crunching, rasping sound, synchronous with the heartbeat, heard over the precordium in spontaneous mediastinal emphysema. It is thought to result from the heart beating against air-filled tissues.

It is named after Johns Hopkins clinician Louis Hamman, M.D.

This sound is heard best over the left lateral position.  It has been described as a series of precordial crackles that correlate with the heart beat rather than respiration.
Oregon (1845 steamboat)
Oregon built in 1845, was a side-wheel driven steamboat operating on the Hudson River. Originally built for George Law, it was later bought by Daniel Drew. Drew was operating a service using his boat Knickerbocker on the Stonington and New York route. George Law saw the chance to provide competition and had the Oregon (a "floating palace") built in 1845.

Stonington, Connecticut
Stonington is a town located on Long Island Sound in New London County, Connecticut. The municipal limits of the town include the borough of Stonington, the villages of Pawcatuck, Lords Point, and Wequetequock, and the eastern halves of the villages of Mystic and Old Mystic. Stonington is part of the Southeastern Connecticut Planning Region. The population of the town was 18,335 at the 2020 census. The town is home to many restored homes and preserves its long nautical history.
Plautia gens
The gens Plautia, sometimes written Plotia, was a plebeian family at ancient Rome.  Members of this gens first appear in history in the middle of the fourth century BC, when Gaius Plautius Proculus obtained the consulship soon after that magistracy was opened to the plebeian order by the Licinio-Sextian rogations.  Little is heard of the Plautii from the period of the Samnite Wars down to the late second century BC, but from then to imperial times they regularly held the consulship and other offices of importance.  In the first century AD, the emperor Claudius, whose first wife was a member of this family, granted patrician status to one branch of the Plautii.

Praenomen
The praenomen (Classical Latin: [prae̯ˈnoːmɛn]; plural: praenomina) was a first name chosen by the parents of a Roman child. It was first bestowed on the dies lustricus (day of lustration), the eighth day after the birth of a girl, or the ninth day after the birth of a boy. The praenomen would then be formally conferred a second time when girls married, or when boys assumed the toga virilis upon reaching manhood. Although it was the oldest of the tria nomina commonly used in Roman naming conventions, by the late republic, most praenomina were so common that most people were called by their praenomina only by family or close friends. For this reason, although they continued to be used, praenomina gradually disappeared from public records during imperial times. Although both men and women received praenomina, women's praenomina were frequently ignored, and they were gradually abandoned by many Roman families, though they continued to be used in some families and in the countryside.
Ain Nzagh
Ain Nzagh is a small town and rural commune in Settat Province of the Chaouia-Ouardigha region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 14,367 people living in 1,813 households.

Settat Province
Settat (Arabic: سطات) is a province of Morocco in the Casablanca-Settat Region. The province had a population of 651,327 people in 2024.

The Wali (governor) of the region is Bouchaib El Moutawakkil. The major cities and towns are:

Ben Ahmed

El Borouj

Guisser

Loulad

Oulad M'Rah

Oulad Said

Ras El Ain, Morocco

Settat
Baldia Colony
Baldia Colony (Urdu: بلدیہ کالونی) is one of the neighborhoods of Baldia Town in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

Baldia was established as a katchi abadi after 1958. It was estimated to contain 1 million people.

There are several ethnic groups including Muhajirs, Punjabis, Sindhis, Kashmiris, Seraikis, Pakhtuns, Balochis, Memons, ( Hazarewal) Bohras and Ismailis.  Over 99% of the population is Muslim.

Memon people
The Memon are a Muslim community in Gujarat, India, and Sindh, Pakistan, the majority of whom follow the Hanafi fiqh of Sunni Islam. They are divided into different groups based on their origins: Kathiawari Memons, Kutchi Memons and Bantva Memons from the Kathiawar, Kutch and Bantva regions of Gujarat, respectively, and Sindhi Memons from Sindh.

Memons have cultural similarities with the Khoja, Bohra, and other Gujarati peoples. They speak the Memoni language as their first language, which shares vocabulary with the Sindhi language, Kutchi language and Gujarati languages.

Today Memons are connected through globally recognized organisations such as the World Memon Organisation (WMO) and International Memon Organisation (IMO).
Lance Styles
Lance Styles (born 6 July 1951) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1970s.

Prior to joining Carlton, Styles was a ruckman at Scottsdale and represented Tasmania in the 1972 Perth Carnival. He shared his league debut with fellow Northern Tasmanian Football Association recruit and Carlton team-mate Craig Davis midway into the 1973 VFL season. However, it was one of only three times that Styles played VFL football and he instead spent most of his time in the reserves.

In 1975, Styles moved to Perth and played in the West Australian National Football League with the Subiaco Football Club. In 1976, he returned to Victoria and played in the Victorian Football Association for the Waverley Football Club, where he won the Field Medal as the second division Best and Fairest in 1978.

Northern Tasmanian Football Association (1886–1986)
The Northern Tasmanian Football Association (NTFA) was an Australian rules football competition which ran from 1886 to 1986. In its time it was one of the three main leagues in Tasmania, with the Tasmanian Football League and North West Football Union representing the rest of the state. It was based in the city of Launceston.
The three most successful clubs of the old NTFA, Launceston, North Launceston and City-South, went on to compete in the short-lived TFL Statewide League.

From 1947 to 1983 the NTFA was a six team competition, in 1984 George Town and Deloraine joined to make eight teams.

In 1987, the NTFA merged with the North West Football Union to form the Northern Tasmanian Football League.

At the end of 1995 the Tasmanian Amateur Football Association disbanded, The southern clubs help form the Southern Football League, The northern clubs formed a competition called the Northern Tasmanian Football Association. There is no relationship between the old and new NTFA.
2021 Zambian Charity Shield
The 2021 Zambian Charity Shield (also known as The Atlas Mara Samuel ‘Zoom’ Ndhlovu Charity Shield for sponsorship reasons) was the 56th Charity Shield, an annual football match played between the winners of the previous season's Super League Zesco United and ABSA Cup Lusaka Dynamos. The match was set to be played on 21 August and was later postponed to 28 August at Woodlands stadium. Nkana were the defending champions as winners of the 2020 Zambia Charity Shield, but did not qualify for this edition, as they failed to win either the Super League or the ABSA Cup. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the match was played behind closed doors and televised live on Supersport 229, Variety 4 and GOtv Zambia platform. Zesco won the match 4–0, Zesco's club record scorer Jesse Jackson scored brace while Edward Lungu and Mukaka Chanda scored one goal each. The funds raised during the match will be given to St Lawrence Home for Vulnerable Children.

Woodlands Stadium (Lusaka)
Woodlands Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Lusaka, Zambia.  It is currently used mostly for football matches and serves as the home for City of Lusaka F.C. of the Zambian National Division One.  The stadium holds about 10,000.
Saint-Aignan-Grandlieu
Saint-Aignan-Grandlieu (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t‿ɛɲɑ̃ ɡʁɑ̃ljø] ⓘ; Breton: Sant-Enion-al-Lenn-Veur; Gallo: Saent-Aenyan-Graund-Loe) is a commune in the Loire-Atlantique department in the administrative region of Pays de la Loire, France.

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire (French pronunciation: [pe.i d(ə) la lwaʁ]) is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France, located on the country's Atlantic coast. It was created in the 1950s to serve as a zone of influence for its capital and most populated city, Nantes, one of a handful of French "balancing metropolises" (métropoles d'équilibre). In 2020, Pays de la Loire had a population of 3,832,120.
Contemptus mundi
Contemptus mundi, the "contempt of the world" and worldly concerns, is a theme in the intellectual life of both Classical Antiquity and of Christianity, both in its mystical vein and its ambivalence towards secular life, that figures largely in the Western world's history of ideas. In inculcating a turn of mind that would lead to a state of serenity untrammeled by distracting material appetites and feverish emotional connections, which the Greek philosophers called ataraxia, it drew upon the assumptions of Stoicism and a neoplatonism  that was distrustful of deceptive and spurious appearances. In the familiar rhetorical polarity in Hellenic philosophy between the active and the contemplative life, which Christians, who expressly rejected "the World, the Flesh, and the Devil", might exemplify as the way of Martha and the way of Mary, contemptus mundi assumed that only the contemplative life was of lasting value and the world an empty shell, a vanity.

Vanity
Vanity is the excessive belief in one's own abilities or attractiveness compared to others. Prior to the 14th century, it did not have such narcissistic undertones, and merely meant futility. The related term vainglory is now often seen as an archaic synonym for vanity, but originally meant considering one's own capabilities and that God's help was not needed, i.e. unjustified boasting; although glory is now seen as having a predominantly positive meaning, the Latin term from which it derives, gloria, roughly means boasting, and was often used as a negative criticism.
Piscataway Creek (Virginia)
Piscataway Creek is a tributary of the Rappahannock River in eastern Virginia, in the United States, approximately 17 miles (27 km) in length. It is fed by the Sturgeon Swamp and Mussel Swamp, lowlands near US Route 360 on the Middle Peninsula, and empties into the Rappahannock River three miles (5 km) downstream from the town of Tappahannock. It is tidal for much of its course.

The creek drains an area of 57.4 square miles (149 km2). Its watershed is 63% forested. Agriculture encompasses 26.5 percent of the watershed, with 16.1 percent cropland and 10.4 pasture/hayland. The remainder consists of swampland and residential area.

U.S. Route 360
U.S. Route 360 (US 360) is a spur route of US 60. The U.S. Highway runs 225.3 miles (362.6 km), entirely within the state of Virginia, from US 58 Business, Virginia State Route 293 (SR 293), and SR 360 in Danville east to SR 644 in Reedville. US 360 connects Danville, South Boston, Keysville and Burkeville in Southside Virginia with the state capital of Richmond.  The highway connects Richmond with Tappahannock on the Middle Peninsula and the eastern Northern Neck, where it serves as the primary route through Northumberland County. US 360 is a four-lane divided highway for almost all of its length.
Klein Lauteraarhorn
The Klein Lauteraarhorn (3,738 m) is a peak of the Bernese Alps, overlooking the Unteraar Glacier in the canton of Bern. It lies south of the Lauteraarhorn, on the range separating the Strahlegg Glacier from the Lauteraar Glacier, both tributaries of the Unteraar Glacier.

The summits of the Klein Lauteraarhorn are (from northwest to southeast): main-summit pt 3738; south-top (double-tower), not measured; lower southeast-top pt 3648; double-gendarme pt 3626.

Unteraargletscher
The Unteraargletscher (German: [ˈʊntəraːrˌglɛtʃər]), literally "Lower Aare-Glacier", is the larger of the two sources of the Aare river in the Bernese Alps. It emerges from the association of the Finsteraargletscher (near the Finsteraarhorn) and the Lauteraargletscher (near the Lauteraarhorn) and flows for about 6 km (3.7 mi) to the east down to the Grimselsee near the Grimsel Pass. In total the glacier was 12.95 km (8.05 mi) long and 29.48 km2 (11.38 sq mi) in area in 1973. Its lower end is (or was) almost 400 metres lower than that of the neighbouring Oberaargletscher.

In the 18th and 19th centuries, it was one of the first subjects of developing glaciology.
Archeological Site No. LA 54050
Archeological Site No. LA 54050 is a prehistoric archaeological site in Hidalgo County, New Mexico. The Animas phase site was inhabited from roughly 1200 to 1350 A.D. Its principal feature is a 1-metre (3 ft 3 in) tall adobe mound with about 50 rooms. Another adobe block to the south of the main mound may contain another 50 rooms, though it has not been fully investigated. A lithic scatter is located to the west of the main site. Artifacts recovered from the site include ceramics, cobbles, and projectile points.

The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 23, 1993.

Adobe
Adobe (/əˈdoʊbi/ ⓘ ə-DOH-bee; Spanish: [aˈðoβe]; via Spanish, from Arabic  الطّوب (at-tūb)) is a building material made from loam and organic materials. Adobe is Spanish for mudbrick. In some English-speaking regions of Spanish heritage, such as the Southwestern United States, the term is used to refer to any kind of earthen construction, or various architectural styles like Pueblo Revival or Territorial Revival. Most adobe buildings are similar in appearance to cob and rammed earth buildings. Adobe is among the earliest building materials, and is used throughout the world.

Adobe architecture has been dated to before 5,100 BP.
Kansas City Terminal Railway
The Kansas City Terminal Railway (reporting mark KCT) is a Class III terminal railroad that serves as a joint operation of the trunk railroads that serve the Kansas City metropolitan area, the United States' second largest rail hub after Chicago. It is operated by the Kaw River Railroad.

The railway owns and dispatches 95 miles of track in Kansas and Missouri. It no longer owns Kansas City Union Station. It leases six locomotives and no freight cars. Maintenance operations are subcontracted to BNSF Railway.

KCT now serves the Class I railroads BNSF, Canadian Pacific Kansas City, Norfolk Southern, and Union Pacific. It also serves Amtrak, as well as the Class II railroad Missouri & Northern Arkansas Railroad and the class III railroad Kaw River Railroad (a WATCO subsidiary).

Railroad classes
Railroad classes are the system by which freight railroads are designated in the United States. Railroads are assigned to Class I, II or III according to annual revenue criteria originally set by the Surface Transportation Board in 1992. With annual adjustments for inflation, the 2019 thresholds were US$504,803,294 for Class I carriers and US$40,384,263 for Class II carriers. (Smaller carriers were Class III by default.)

There are six Class I freight railroad companies in the United States: BNSF Railway, CSX Transportation, Canadian National Railway, CPKC, Norfolk Southern Railway, and Union Pacific Railroad. Canadian National also operates in Canada and CPKC operates in Canada and Mexico.

In addition, the national passenger railroad in the United States, Amtrak, would qualify as Class I if it were a freight carrier, as would Canada's Via Rail passenger service. Mexico's Ferromex freight railroad would also qualify as Class I, but it does not operate in the United States.