hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Daniel Dumbacher
Daniel Dumbacher is an American aerospace engineer, educator and administrator. Dumbacher was appointed an executive director of American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics in 2017. He served as deputy associate administrator of NASA's Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate from 2007 to 2014. Dumbacher was a professor at Purdue University School of Aeronautics and Astronautics from 2014 to 2017.

Dumbacher earned a BS in mechanical engineering from Purdue University in 1981 and an MBA from the University of Alabama in Huntsville in 1984.

University of Alabama in Huntsville
The University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH, formerly known as UAHuntsville) is a public research university in Huntsville, Alabama, United States. It is part of the University of Alabama System and is classified among "R2: High Research Spending and Doctorate Production".

The university offers 94 degrees across its 8 colleges, leading to bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. It is known for its research in astronomy, atmospheric science, and aerospace engineering, and frequently collaborates with NASA on research projects.
Choi Sung-won (actor)
Choi Min-woo (born January 17, 1985), better known by his stage name Choi Sung-won, is a South Korean actor. He started gaining recognition through his role as Sung No-eul in the Korean drama Reply 1988 (2015), a third installment of the Reply series by tvN.

TvN (South Korean TV channel)
tvN (originally standing for Total Variety Network) is a South Korean nationwide pay television network owned by CJ ENM Entertainment Division. tvN programming consists of a variety of entertainment content focused on television series and variety shows. It is available on cable, on satellite through SkyLife, and on IPTV platforms in South Korea. Since 2014, the network has been headed by Kang Ho-sung. From June 28, 2010, to April 30, 2013, tvN Go was broadcast by renting a channel from Korea DMB.
9 Days in Summer
9 Days in Summer is a promotional documentary film made by Ford that tells the story of the development of the Ford-funded Cosworth DFV and Lotus 49, the title coming from the nine Formula One races the car took part in the 1967 Formula One season, which are also extensively featured in the film.

Keith Duckworth
David Keith Duckworth (10 August 1933 – 18 December 2005) was an English mechanical engineer. He is most famous for designing the Cosworth DFV (Double Four Valve) engine, an engine that revolutionised the sport of Formula One.
Abductive reasoning
Abductive reasoning (also called abduction, abductive inference, or retroduction) is a form of logical inference that seeks the simplest and most likely conclusion from a set of observations. It was formulated and advanced by the American philosopher and logician Charles Sanders Peirce beginning in the latter half of the 19th century.

Abductive reasoning, unlike deductive reasoning, yields a plausible conclusion but does not definitively verify it. Abductive conclusions do not eliminate uncertainty or doubt, which is expressed in terms such as "best available" or "most likely". While inductive reasoning draws general conclusions that apply to many situations, abductive conclusions are confined to the particular observations in question.

In the 1990s, as computing power grew, the fields of law, computer science, and artificial intelligence research spurred renewed interest in the subject of abduction.
Diagnostic expert systems frequently employ abduction.

Pragmatism
Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that views language and thought as tools for prediction, problem solving, and action, rather than describing, representing, or mirroring reality. Pragmatists contend that most philosophical topics—such as the nature of knowledge, language, concepts, meaning, belief, and science—are best viewed in terms of their practical uses and successes.

Pragmatism began in the United States in the 1870s. Its origins are often attributed to philosophers Charles Sanders Peirce, William James and John Dewey. In 1878, Peirce described it in his pragmatic maxim: "Consider the practical effects of the objects of your conception. Then, your conception of those effects is the whole of your conception of the object."
Emilio Amadei
Emilio Amadei (born 12 March 1867) was an Italian painter.

He was  born in Florence. He completed his studies at the Academy of Fine Arts of Florence, under professor Giovanni Fattori with whom he worked for about two years. He exhibited in 1889 at the Promotrice of Florence a figure of a woman outdoors, and an interior with a young girl. He also completed portraits, among them of signore Baldini, signore Puliti, and the painter Giulio Versorese, as well as many studies of the surroundings of Florence painted outdoors, and figures in open air or studio. He displayed in 1892 at Florence Summer Morning, and in 1896, Brutto tempo. He also painted an altarpiece depicting the Beheading of John the Baptist.

Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze
The Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze (lit. 'academy of fine arts of Florence') is an instructional art academy in Florence, in Tuscany, in central Italy.

It was founded by Cosimo I de' Medici in 1563, under the influence of Giorgio Vasari. Michelangelo, Benvenuto Cellini and other significant artists have been associated with it.

Like other state art academies in Italy, it became an autonomous degree-awarding institution under law no. 508 dated 21 December 1999, and falls under the administration of the Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, the Italian ministry of education and research.

The adjacent (but unaffiliated) Galleria dell'Accademia houses the original David by Michelangelo.
Suga Mama (band)
Suga Mama was an American all-female live performance band formed by Beyoncé Knowles in 2006. Named after Knowles' song from her 2006 album B'Day, and ranging from nine to twelve members at various times, the band contained percussionists, guitarists, saxophonists, keyboardists, and The Mamas: a trio of background vocalists. Various members of the band have appeared in music videos for "Irreplaceable", "Blow", "Countdown", and "Green Light", as well as multiple live performance DVD releases, award show performances, various TV Specials/appearances, and the Super Bowl XLVII Halftime Show. Several band-members continue to work alongside Knowles.

Following On the Run Tour (2014), the band has been disbanded, with only a select few members continuing to feature in Beyoncé's tour bands, including her most recent Renaissance World Tour (2023).

Homecoming: The Live Album
Homecoming: The Live Album is the fifth live album by American singer and songwriter Beyoncé, recorded from her two headlining Coachella performances in April 2018. It was released on April 17, 2019. The album accompanied a concert film documenting the performance, Homecoming: A Film by Beyoncé, which premiered the same day on the streaming platform Netflix. The album was also released on vinyl, on December 4, 2020.
Osborne Colson
Osborne Colson (March 31, 1916 – July 14, 2006) was a Canadian figure skater and coach.

Colson was born in Toronto, Ontario on March 31, 1916.  His father was one of the founders of the Toronto Cricket, Skating and Curling Club.  He won the Canadian Figure Skating Championships in 1936 and 1937.  He trained with Gus Lussi during his competitive career.  He later skated professionally with Ice Follies.

As a coach, he worked with skaters including Barbara Ann Scott, Donald Jackson, Patrick Chan and Sarah Kawahara.  He continued to stay active in the sport late in life as the coach of Patrick Chan, who won the 2005 Canadian junior championship under his guidance.

Colson died in Toronto on July 14, 2006, from pneumonia and other complications from a car accident earlier in the year.

Toronto Cricket, Skating and Curling Club
The Toronto Cricket Skating and Curling Club is a private sport and social club located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The club has facilities for sports including aquatics, cricket, croquet, curling, figure skating, fitness classes, lawn bowling, squash and tennis.
1996 Australian Individual Speedway Championship
The 1996 Australian Individual Speedway Championship was held at the Newcastle Showgrounds in Newcastle, New South Wales on 17 February 1996. The Newcastle Showgrounds had last hosted an Australian Solo Championship in 1927 when it was a ½ mile track and not the modern, 400 metres (440 yards) version.

Sydney's Craig Boyce won his second national championship and his second with a 15-point maximum. Defending champion Jason Crump finished second after defeating Queensland's Tony Langdon in a runoff. Triple Australian Champion Leigh Adams and fellow Mildura rider Jason Lyons claimed the final two Overseas Final qualifying positions.

Jason Crump
Jason Philip Crump (born 6 August 1975) is a former international motorcycle speedway rider from Australia (UK born). He is a three-time Speedway World Champion, and a World Cup winner.

In a 21-year career in Speedway, Crump finished with seven World Championship titles to his name (four individual, including the U/21 title, and three teams), making him one of the most successful Australian motorcycle racers of all time. He holds the all-time record for Grand Prix wins with 23.
2025 Ballerup municipal election
The 2025 Ballerup Municipal election was held on November 18, 2025, to elect the 25 members to sit in the regional council for the Ballerup Municipal council, in the period of 2026 to 2029. Jesper Würtzen from the Social Democrats, would secure re-election.

Ballerup
Ballerup is a Danish town, seat of the Ballerup Municipality, in the Region Hovedstaden. There are approximately 25 schools in Ballerup Municipality. Ballerup has its own educational institution specialized in the study, training and research of music. It is twinned with East Kilbride in Scotland.
CKGB-FM
CKGB-FM (99.3 MHz) is a Canadian radio station that broadcasts a hot adult contemporary format in Timmins, Ontario. The station uses the on-air brand KiSS 99.3 and is owned by Rogers Radio, a division of Rogers Sports & Media.

Timmins
Timmins (/ˈtɪmɪns/ TIM-inss) is a city in northeastern Ontario, Canada, located on the Mattagami River. The city is the fourth-largest city in the Northeastern Ontario region with a population of 41,145 at the 2021 Canadian census and an estimated population of 44,819 in 2023. The city's economy is based on natural resource extraction. It is supported by industries related to lumbering, and to the mining of gold, zinc, copper, nickel, and silver. Timmins serves as a regional service and distribution centre.

The city has a large Francophone community, with more than 50% of the residents bilingual in French and English.
China Maritime Satellite Telemetry and Control Department
The China Maritime Satellite Tracking and Control Department  (Chinese: 中国卫星海上测控部; pinyin: Zhōnggúo Wèixīng Hǎishàng Cèkòng Bù)), MUCD 63680, is a corps deputy grade naval base located at Jiangyin City in Jiangsu Province. It was stablished in 1978 as the headquarter and home port for the Yuan Wang-class tracking ships which are used to track rocket and missile launches, in particular the testing of the Dongfeng series ballistic missiles and Long March rockets.

Following 1 January 2016, the base was made subordinate to the Main Department of Satellite Launches and Orbit Tracking and Control (Chinese: 卫星发射测控系统部) of the Strategic Support Force. From April 2024, it has been subordinate to the Aerospace Force.

Stabilizer (ship)
Ship stabilizers (or stabilisers) are fins or rotors mounted beneath the waterline and emerging laterally from the hull to reduce a ship's roll due to wind or waves. Active fins are controlled by a gyroscopic control system. When the gyroscope senses the ship roll, it changes the fins' angle of attack so that the forward motion of the ship exerts force to counteract the roll. Fixed fins and bilge keels do not move; they reduce roll by hydrodynamic drag exerted when the ship rolls. Stabilizers are mostly used on ocean-going ships.
KSJN
KSJN (99.5 FM) is a non-commercial educational radio station licensed to Minneapolis, Minnesota. Owned by Minnesota Public Radio (MPR), this station serves the Twin Cities region as the flagship of "YourClassical MPR", MPR's classical music network. KSJN's studios are located at the MPR Broadcast Center on Cedar Street in downtown Saint Paul, while its transmitter is located on the KMSP Tower in Shoreview. KSJN broadcasts using HD Radio technology, and uses its HD2 subchannel to carry American Public Media's Classical 24 network.

The 99.5 frequency was established as commercial radio station WLOL-FM in 1957; the station achieved its most success as a top-rated Top 40 station during the 1980s under Emmis Communications ownership. After Emmis purchased the Seattle Mariners baseball club, the company sold WLOL to MPR in 1991. Relaunched as KSJN, the station has originated the public radio service's classical format full-time ever since.

Digital subchannel
In broadcasting, digital subchannels are a method of transmitting more than one independent program stream simultaneously from the same digital radio or television station on the same radio frequency channel. This is done by using data compression techniques to reduce the size of each individual program stream, and multiplexing to combine them into a single signal. The practice is sometimes called "multicasting".
Orto Botanico dell'Università della Calabria
The Orto Botanico dell'Università della Calabria (8 hectares) is a botanical garden operated by the University of Calabria. It is located at I-87030 Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, Province of Cosenza, Calabria, Italy.

University of Calabria
The University of Calabria (Italian: Università della Calabria, UNICAL) is a state-run university in Italy. Located in Arcavacata, a hamlet of Rende and a suburb of Cosenza, the university was founded in 1972. Among its founders there were Beniamino Andreatta, Giorgio Gagliani, Pietro Bucci and Paolo Sylos Labini.
It currently has about 35,000 students, 800 teaching and research staff and about 700 administrative staff.

Since 2024, the University has held the first position among the "Big-sized Italian Universities" in the Censis ranking.
2018 Formula 4 South East Asia Championship
The 2018 Formula 4 South East Asia Championship season was the third season of the Formula 4 South East Asia Championship. It began on 7 July at the Sepang International Circuit and finished on 1 December at the same venue.

Sepang International Circuit
Sepang International Circuit (Malay: Litar Antarabangsa Sepang) (known as Petronas Sepang International Circuit for commercial reasons) is a motorsport race track in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia. It is located approximately 45-kilometre (28 mi) south of Kuala Lumpur, close to Kuala Lumpur International Airport. It hosted the Formula One Malaysian Grand Prix between 1999 and 2017, and is also the venue for the Malaysian Motorcycle Grand Prix, the Malaysia Merdeka Endurance Race, and other major motorsport events. Previously known as the Sepang F1 Circuit, it was renamed the Sepang International Circuit. On 31 October 2023, it was announced that Petronas has acquired the naming rights to the circuit for three years in an undisclosed fee.
Mirounga Point
Mirounga Point (62°14′S 58°41′W﻿ / ﻿62.233°S 58.683°W﻿ / -62.233; -58.683) is the east entrance point to Potter Cove, King George Island, in the South Shetland Islands off Antarctica. The feature was called "Punta Baliza" (beacon point) by R. Araya and F. Herve in 1966. It was later called "Punta Elefante" by the Argentine Antarctic Expedition after the elephant seal (Mirounga leonina), in connection with the establishment of Site of Special Scientific Interest number 13 (now Antarctic Specially Protected Area 132) in this vicinity under the Antarctic Treaty. The approved name avoids the duplication of Elephant Point on Livingston Island.

King George Island (South Shetland Islands)
King George Island (Argentinian Spanish: Isla 25 de Mayo, Brazilian Portuguese: Ilha do Rei George, Chilean Spanish: Isla Rey Jorge, Russian: Ватерло́о Vaterloo) is the largest of the South Shetland Islands, lying 120 km (75 miles) off the coast of Antarctica in the Southern Ocean.  The island was named after King George III.
Acres Farm Meadow
Acres Farm Meadow (grid reference SU024927) is a 4.2 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in Wiltshire, notified in 1989. It lies between the villages of Somerford Keynes and Minety. The SSSI is the former site of a mediaeval ridge and furrow system which lies on the Upper Jurassic Oxford Clay. The site is home to grasses, sedges and herbs. Trees such as oak, maple, English elm (when notified, prior to Dutch elm disease) and hawthorn can be found in the hedgerows on the site, which provide nesting sites for lesser whitethroat, willow warbler, yellowhammer and bullfinch.

Somerford Keynes
Somerford Keynes (/ˌsʌmərfʊd ˈkaɪnz/ SUM-ər-fuud KYNZE; grid reference SU019952) is a village and civil parish in the Cotswold district of Gloucestershire, England, close to the River Thames and about 5 miles (8 km) from its source. It lies on the boundary with Wiltshire, midway between Cirencester, Swindon and Malmesbury. The parish population at the 2011 census was 479, and a 2019 estimate put it at 558. The parish includes the village of Shorncote.
Magnolia (Scotland Neck, North Carolina)
Magnolia is a historic plantation house located near Scotland Neck, Halifax County, North Carolina. It was built about 1840, and is a two-story, five-bay, Greek Revival-style frame dwelling with rear additions.  It is sheathed in weatherboard, a hipped roof with interior chimneys, and full-width front porch.  The house was originally set in a formal landscape designed by Joseph B. Cheshire.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Plantation house
A plantation house is the main house of a plantation, often a substantial farmhouse, which often serves as a symbol for the plantation as a whole. Plantation houses in the Southern United States and in other areas are known as quite grand and expensive architectural works today, though most were more utilitarian, working farmhouses.
Religion in Libya
Islam is the dominant religion in Libya.

Other than the vast majority of Sunni Muslims, there are also small Christian communities, composed exclusively of immigrants. Coptic Orthodox Christianity, which is the Christian Church of Egypt, is the largest and most historical Christian denomination in Libya.

In 2016, there were over 60,000 Egyptian Copts in Libya, as they comprise over 1% of the population alone. There were an estimated 40,000 Roman Catholics in Libya who are served by two Bishops, one in Tripoli (serving the Italian community) and one in Benghazi (serving the Maltese community). There was also a small Anglican community, made up mostly of African immigrant workers in Tripoli; it is part of the Anglican Diocese of Egypt.

Libya was until recent times the home of one of the oldest Jewish communities in the world, dating back to at least 300 BC. A series of pogroms beginning in November 1945 lasted for almost three years, drastically reducing Libya's Jewish population.

Maltese people
The Maltese (Maltese: Maltin) people are an ethnic group native to Malta who speak Maltese, a Semitic language descended from Siculo-Arabic with a substantial Romance superstratum, and share a common Maltese history and culture characterised by Latin Catholicism, which remains the state religion. Malta, an island country in the Mediterranean Sea, is an archipelago that also includes an island of the same name together with the islands of Gozo (Maltese: Għawdex) and Comino (Maltese: Kemmuna); people of Gozo, Gozitans (Maltese: Għawdxin) are considered a subgroup of the Maltese.
Mariano Rumor
Mariano Rumor (Italian pronunciation: [maˈrjaːno ruˈmor] ;16 June 1915 – 22 January 1990) was an Italian politician and statesman. A member of the Christian Democracy (DC), he served as the 39th prime minister of Italy from December 1968 to August 1970 and again from July 1973 to November 1974. As prime minister, he led five different governments, supported by various coalitions.

Rumor served as Italian Minister of Agriculture from 1959 to 1963, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1974 to 1976, and Italian Minister of the Interior in two brief periods, in 1963 and from 1972 to 1973. Rumor was the secretary of the DC from 1964 to 1969.

Piazza Fontana bombing
The Piazza Fontana bombing (Italian: Strage di Piazza Fontana) was a terrorist attack that occurred on 12 December 1969 when a bomb exploded at the headquarters of Banca Nazionale dell'Agricoltura (the National Agricultural Bank) in Piazza Fontana (near the Duomo) in Milan, Italy, killing 17 people and wounding 88. The same afternoon, another bomb exploded in a bank in Rome, and another was found unexploded in the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. The attack was carried out by the neo-fascist paramilitary terrorist group Ordine Nuovo, and possibly undetermined collaborators.
Tekantó Municipality
Tekantó Municipality (In the Yucatec Maya Language: “Place where there is yellow flint”) is a small (47.25 km2) municipality in the Mexican state of Yucatán. The municipality was formed in 1900 and its municipal seat is the homonymous locality of Tekantó, at the end of highway 80, 54 km east of Merida.

Secretariat of Infrastructure, Communications and Transportation
The Secretariat of Infrastructure, Communications and Transportation (Secretaría de Infraestructura, Comunicaciones y Transportes, SICT) of Mexico is the national federal entity that regulates commercial road traffic and broadcasting. Its headquarters are in Av. Insurgentes Centro, 1079-1099, Noche Buena, Deleg. Benito Juárez. Ciudad de México.
Centrão
In Brazilian politics, the Centrão (lit. 'big centre' – Portuguese pronunciation: [se᷉'tɾɐ᷉w᷉]) refers to a group of political parties that do not have a specific or consistent ideological orientation and aim at ensuring proximity to the executive branch in order to guarantee advantages and allow them to distribute privileges through clientelistic networks. Despite its name, the Centrão is not a centrist political group, generally composed of parliamentarians from the "lower clergy" and big tent parties, who act according to their own interests, linked to cronyism and logrolling, instead of a clear ideological program. Over the years, the Centrão has become the political kingmaker in Brazil.

Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)
The Chamber of Deputies (Portuguese: Câmara dos Deputados) is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. The chamber comprises 513 deputies, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms. The current president of the chamber is the Deputy Hugo Motta (Republicanos-PB), who was elected on 1 February 2025.
Astrocaryum vulgare
Astrocaryum vulgare is a very spiny palm native to the Guianas and the Amazon. It is a species which has greatly benefited from deforestation, as it cannot grow in undisturbed rainforest. It is common in the Pará state of Brazil, to the east of the Amazon. This plant has edible fruit.

Astrocaryum vulgare was first described in the book Flora Brasiliensis by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius.

Flora Brasiliensis
Flora Brasiliensis is a book published between 1840 and 1906 by the editors Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, August Wilhelm Eichler, Ignatz Urban and many others. It contains taxonomic treatments of 22,767 species, mostly Brazilian angiosperms.

The work was begun by Stephan Endlicher and Martius.
Von Martius completed 46 of the 130 fascicles before his death in 1868, with the monograph being completed in 1906.

It was published by the Missouri Botanical Garden.