hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
University of Constantine 2
The University of Constantine 2, (Arabic: جامعة قسنطينة 2) ,also known as University of Abdelhamid Mehri is a public university located in Constantine, Algeria established in November 2011.

The university was established in accordance with Executive Decree No. 11-401 dated November 28, 2011, It is the same date on which the University of Constantine 3 was founded.

Constantine, Algeria
Constantine (Arabic: قسنطينة, romanized: Qusanṭīnah), also spelled Qacentina or Kasantina, is the capital of Constantine Province in northeastern Algeria. During Roman times it was called Cirta and was renamed "Constantina" in honour of Emperor Constantine the Great. Located somewhat inland, Constantine is about 80 kilometres (50 miles) from the Mediterranean coast, on the banks of the Rhumel River.

Constantine is regarded as the capital of eastern Algeria and the commercial centre of its region and has a population of about 450,000 (938,475 with the agglomeration), making it the third largest city in the country after Algiers and Oran. There are several museums and historical sites located around the city. Constantine is often referred to as the "City of Bridges" because of the numerous picturesque bridges connecting the various hills, valleys, and ravines that the city is built on and around.

Constantine was named the Arab Capital of Culture in 2015.
Stuffed article
Stuffed article is a legal or industry term describing items such as mattresses, beds, upholstery, pillows, plush toys, teddy bears etc., i.e.: fabric items stuffed with an inert, resilient material, such as cotton, kapok, or polyurethane foam. Such articles sold as new in the United States usually are required to have a tag called a law label describing the fabric and stuffing used.

Teddy bear
A teddy bear, or simply a teddy, is a stuffed toy in the form of a bear. The teddy bear was named by Morris Michtom after the 26th president of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt; it was developed apparently simultaneously in the first decade of the 20th century by two toymakers: Richard Steiff in Germany and Michtom in the United States. It became a popular children's toy, and it has been celebrated in story, song, and film.

Since the creation of the first teddy bears (which sought to imitate the form of real bear cubs), "teddies" have greatly varied in form, style, color, and material. They have become collector's items, with older and rarer teddies appearing at public auctions. Teddy bears are among the most popular gifts for children, and they are often given to adults to signify affection, congratulations, or sympathy.
Jacob the Heretic
Jacob the heretic is the name given to a 2nd-century heretic (Hebrew min) whose doings were used as examples in a few passages of the Tosefta and Talmud to illustrate laws relating to dealing with heresy (minut).

Tosefta
The Tosefta (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: תוספתא, romanized: tosep̄tā "supplement, addition") is a compilation of Jewish Oral Law from the late second century CE, the period of the Mishnah and the Jewish sages known as the Tannaim.
Du Pan syndrome
Du Pan syndrome, also known as fibular aplasia-complex brachydactyly syndrome, is an extremely rare genetic condition that affects bone growth, associated with alterations to the GDF5 (also known as CDMP1) gene. Unlike other rare genetic conditions, Du Pan syndrome does not affect brain function or the appearance of the head and trunk. The way that this condition is passed on from generation to generation varies, but it is most commonly inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, meaning two copies of the same version of the gene are required to show this condition. Rare cases exist where the mode of inheritance is autosomal dominant, which means having only one version of the gene is enough to cause this condition.

Acromesomelic dysplasia
Acromesomelic dysplasia is a rare skeletal disorder that causes abnormal bone and cartilage development, leading to shortening of the forearms, lower legs, hands, feet, fingers, and toes. Five different genetic mutations have been implicated in the disorder. Treatment is individualized but is generally aimed at palliating symptoms, for example, treatment of kyphosis and lumbar hyperlordosis.
Saleh Kamrani
Saleh Kamrani (Persian: صالح کامرانی, Azerbaijani: صالح کامرانی/Saleh Kamrani; born 1972) is an Iranian-Swedish lawyer, human rights defender, and politician of Azerbaijani origin. He is regarded as prisoner of conscience by Amnesty International. Kamrani defended Iranian activists like Mohsen Sazegara, Yousef Azizi Bani-Torof and many others. He was repeatedly threatened for his activities and persecuted by Iranian security services and was abducted in 2006. He was sentenced to one year in prison, and after serving his sentence, he was forced to flee Iran, and move to Sweden, where he founded the Azerbaijan Central Party and AzNews TV (ANT).

Prisoner of conscience
A prisoner of conscience (POC) is anyone imprisoned because of their race, sexual orientation, religion, or political views. The term also refers to those who have been imprisoned or persecuted for the nonviolent expression of their conscientiously held beliefs.

Most often associated with the human rights organisation Amnesty International, the term was coined by that organisation's founder Peter Benenson in a 28 May 1961 article ("The Forgotten Prisoners") for London newspaper The Observer.
Listed buildings in Sheffield S9
The S9 district lies within the City of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England.  The district contains 52 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, 3 are listed at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The district is in the north east of the city of Sheffield, and covers the areas of Attercliffe, Brightside, Carbrook, Darnall, Meadowhall, Tinsley and Wincobank.

For neighbouring areas, see listed buildings in S2, listed buildings in S4, listed buildings in S5, listed buildings in S13, listed buildings in Brinsworth, listed buildings in Rotherham (Boston Castle Ward), listed buildings in Rotherham (Keppel Ward) and listed buildings in Rotherham (West Ward).

Listed buildings in Rotherham (Boston Castle Ward)
Boston Castle is a ward in the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England.  The ward contains 39 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, three are listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, three are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The ward contains the central part of the town of Rotherham and the area of Moorgate to the south.  The listed buildings include houses and associated structures, churches and a chapel, shop and offices, re-sited Roman remains, a former shooting lodge in the form of a castle, schools, a lamp standard for an oil lamp, a former foundry, mileposts, a public house, a commemorative clock, two war memorials, and a former cinema.
Loga Ramin Torkian
Loga Ramin Torkian (Persian: لوگا) رامین ترکیان))،(Born: September 23, 1964) is a musician and the co-founder of the groups Axiom of Choice and Niyaz.  Both groups incorporate Persian and Middle Eastern themes into their music. Torkian composes music and plays several instruments, including the Iranian tar, the Turkish saz, and the GuitarViol, an electric guitar-like instrument that uses a bow and is adapted from a 14th-century instrument. Several of the lyrics in his songs draw on or include traditional Middle-Eastern prayers, songs or chants. His music has also appeared in several films, such as The Chosen One (1995), America So Beautiful (2001), Plastic Flowers Never Die (2008), and Crossing Over (2009).

Bağlama
The bağlama or saz is a family of plucked string instruments and long-necked lutes used in Asia, Central-Asia, Caucasus, Anatolia, Levant, Thrace, Balkans and Europe. It is commonly used in Iranian, Armenian, Azerbaijani and Turkish Folk Music. It is a common instrument among Turkic people and a notable instrument of traditional folk artists like ashiks and ozans. It is both used as a solo instrument to play songs and to accompany türkü, traditional folk songs.
Sf.citi
sf.citi, founded in 2012, is a 501(c)6 nonprofit organization that lobbies for public policies on behalf of San Francisco's tech community. sf.citi's membership consists of the world's foremost tech companies, including Microsoft, Google, Meta, LinkedIn, Twitter, Comcast, AT&T, Verizon, Airbnb, Lyft, Uber, Cruise, and Salesforce. The organization's work falls into three primary categories: political advocacy, corporate social responsibility, and events with the broader San Francisco community.

Lyft
Lyft, Inc. is an American company offering ride-hailing services, motorized scooters, and bicycle-sharing systems in the United States and Canada, and, via its Free Now mobile app, Europe. Lyft is the second-largest ridesharing company in the United States after Uber. It has 25 million active riders and coordinates 9 million rides per day.
Singorgarh fort
Singorgarh Fort, is a hill-fort located in Damoh district in the Madhya Pradesh state of Central India. It is about 45 km from Jabalpur city, on the way to Damoh town. It is presently under the Archeological Survey of India.

In its peak years, thousands of people lived in the fort, which was spread over large area. Many of its former watch towers are still visible. The fort was attacked in June of 1564 during the invasion of the Garha Kingdom by the Mughal forces. At that time, Rani Durgavati, the ruling Queen of Gondwana, resided there; she later moved to Chouragarh Fort in Narsinghpur.

Narsinghpur
Narsinghpur is a city in Madhya Pradesh in central India. It is a district under Jabalpur division. Narsinghpur has a large temple dedicated to Lord Narasimha. As of 2001, Narsinghpur is the most literate district of the state.
Conseil national du numérique
The Conseil national du numérique (French Digital Council, abbreviated CNNum or less commonly CNN) is a French independent advisory commission created on 29 April 2011 by the French presidential decree n°2011-476. It was reorganized and expanded by another French presidential decree on 13 December 2012, to expand its spectrum of actions to all the questions set up by the development of the digital in society and economy.

The council issues independent opinions and recommendations on any question relating to the impact of digital technologies on economy and society. The government can consult the council on new legislation or draft regulations.

Civic technology
Civic technology, or civic tech, is the idea of using technology to enhance the relationship between people and government through software for communication, decision-making, service delivery, and political processes. It includes information and communications technology supporting government with software built by community-led teams of volunteers, nonprofits, consultants, and private companies as well as embedded tech teams working within government.
The Gospel Hummingbirds
The Gospel Hummingbirds are an American gospel music group from Oakland, California.

The group was founded in the 1970s by the father of Joe A. Thomas, who now sings lead vocals and plays bass in the group. They released two albums on Blind Pig Records in the 1990s, one of which (Steppin' Out) was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Traditional Gospel Album.

Grammy Award for Best Traditional Gospel Album
The Grammy Award for Best Traditional Gospel Album was awarded from 1991 to 2011.  A similar award, the Grammy Award for Best Soul Gospel Performance, Traditional was awarded from 1978 to 1983. It was previously known as the award Best Traditional Soul Gospel Album.

According to the category description guide for the 52nd Grammy Awards, the award is reserved for "albums containing at least 51% playing time of newly recorded traditional gospel vocal tracks" performed by "solo artists, duos, groups or choirs/choruses."

The category was discontinued from 2012 in a major overhaul of Grammy categories. From 2012, recordings in this category were shifted to the newly formed Best Gospel Album category.

Shirley Caesar and The Blind Boys of Alabama were the biggest recipients in this category with five wins each.
2017 Monster Energy NASCAR All-Star Race
The 2017 Monster Energy NASCAR All-Star Race (XXXIII) is a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series stock car exhibition race held on May 20, 2017 at Charlotte Motor Speedway in Concord, North Carolina. Contested over 70 laps, it was the second exhibition race of the 2017 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season.

This is the first NASCAR All-Star race without Tony Stewart since 1998, Greg Biffle since 2003 and Carl Edwards since 2004.

Carl Edwards
Carl Michael Edwards Jr. (born August 15, 1979) is an American former professional stock car racing driver and a current analyst for NASCAR on Prime Video.

He last competed in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, driving the No. 19 Toyota Camry for Joe Gibbs Racing. Prior to that, he drove the No. 99 Ford Fusion for Roush Fenway Racing from 2005–2014. He won the 2007 NASCAR Busch Series championship and nearly won the 2011 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series title, but lost by a tiebreaker to Tony Stewart. Edwards is known for doing a backflip off his car to celebrate his victories. In 2023, he was named one of NASCAR's 75 Greatest Drivers, and in 2025, he was inducted into the NASCAR Hall of Fame.
Amanalco
Amanalco is a municipality, in Mexico State in Mexico. The municipal seat is the town of Amanalco de Becerra and includes several larger towns including San Juan, San Jerónimo, San Bartolo, and San Mateo.  The municipality covers an area of 219.49 km2.

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 20,343.

The original name was N’dabi, which in Otomi means “place where tree trunks float” or “where there is much water.” The current name is from Nahuatl and means “near a lake” or “an extension of water.” The municipality has both an Aztec glyph as well as a coat of arms.

Glyph
A glyph (/ɡlɪf/ GLIF) is any kind of purposeful mark. In typography, a glyph is "the specific shape, design, or representation of a character". It is a particular graphical representation, in a particular typeface (or computer font), of an element of written language. (That 'element' is called a grapheme –  the conceptual abstraction of some letter, number or symbol, which is independent of the glyph designed to represent it in a particular font.)
Like a Man (Dallas Smith song)
"Like a Man" is a song recorded by Canadian country music singer Dallas Smith and released as the fifth single from his 2020 album Timeless. The song was written by David Garcia, Jessi Alexander, and Josh Miller, while Garcia produced the track with Joey Moi. It was named "Single of the Year" at the 2021 Canadian Country Music Awards.

2021 Canadian Country Music Awards
The 2021 Canadian Country Music Awards, honouring achievements in Canadian country music in 2021, were presented November 29, 2021, at Budweiser Gardens in London, Ontario. Hosted by Lindsay Ell and Priyanka, the ceremony was presented in-person, although due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada the venue maintained vaccination and social distancing mandates. The top winner of the night was Dallas Smith, who won three awards.

The event was webcast live on the Global Television Network's streaming app and Amazon Prime Video, with a repeat broadcast on Global's terrestrial television stations on December 3.

Nominations were announced on September 22, 2021.
Asa Managed Reserve
Asa Managed Reserve (Georgian: ასას ხეობა) is a protected area in the Dusheti Municipality, Mtskheta-Mtianeti region of Georgia  in historical Khevsureti. It protects flora and fauna in highlands with several glaciers.

Mtskheta-Mtianeti
Mtskheta-Mtianeti (Georgian: მცხეთა-მთიანეთი, IPA: [mt͡sʰχetʰa‿mtʰianetʰi]) is a region (mkhare) in eastern Georgia comprising the town of Mtskheta, which serves as a regional capital, together with its district and the adjoining mountainous areas. The western part of the region, namely the entire Akhalgori Municipality, is controlled by breakaway South Ossetia since the 2008 Russo-Georgian War.
Aykroyd
Aykroyd is an English surname meaning “dweller of the oak-clearing”. It is said to have originated in Yorkshire. Notable people with the surname include:

Dan Aykroyd (born 1952), Canadian comedian, actor, screenwriter and musician; brother of Peter

Harold Ackroyd VC MC (1877–1917), soldier and recipient of the Victoria Cross

James P. Aykroyd (1810−1835), early American composer, music teacher, musician

Peter Aykroyd (1955−2021), Canadian comedian, actor, screenwriter and musician; brother of Dan

William Aykroyd, 1st Baronet OStJ (1865−1947), English woollen and carpet manufacturer

Tabitha "Tabby" Aykroyd (c.1771–1855), domestic servant and lifelong friend of the Brontë family

Harold Ackroyd
Harold Ackroyd (18 July 1877 – 11 August 1917) was a British physician, scientific researcher, army officer and a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

An officer with the Royal Army Medical Corps during the First World War, he was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions in late July–early August 1917, during the Battle of Passchendaele.
Sierra del Tontal
The Sierra del Tontal is a mountain range in the southern part of San Juan Province, Argentina.

The range is in the precordillera area of La Rioja, San Juan and Mendoza, in the Cuyo region. 
It extends south of the Sierra del Tigre, from which it is separated by the valley of the San Juan River.
Its southern foothills are located in Mendoza Province. The city of San Juan is located east of the mountains and the Calingasta valley to the west.

The range extends for about 100 kilometres (62 mi) in a northwest–southeast direction.  The highest point is the Ojo de Agua mountain at 4,140 metres (13,580 ft).
Most of the range extends to the south of this peak, and is over 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) in elevation.

The rocks include greywackes and shales. The fossil remains of plants that probably date to the middle or upper Devonian period are found in the shales.

San Juan Province, Argentina
San Juan Province (Spanish pronunciation: [saŋ ˈxwan]) is a province of Argentina, located in the western part of the country. Neighbouring provinces are, moving clockwise from the north, La Rioja, San Luis and Mendoza. It borders with Chile to the west.

The province has an area of 89,651 km2, covering a mountainous region with scarce vegetation, fertile oases and turbulent rivers. Throughout the province there are a number of paleontological sites.

Similar to other regions in Argentina, agriculture is one of the most important economic activities, highlighting wine production and olive oil. Additionally, a variety of fruits and vegetables are produced in the fertile valleys irrigated by artificial channels in the western part, close to the Andes mountain range. This is the second province in terms of the volume of wine production at the national level and in South America, and possesses outstanding varietal wines. It is also an important center of mining and oil production.
Hillary Coast
The Hillary Coast is a portion of the coast of Antarctica along the western margin of the Ross Ice Shelf between Minna Bluff and Cape Selborne. It was named by the New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1961 for Sir Edmund Hillary, the leader of the New Zealand Party of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1956–58. Various New Zealand parties carried out detailed surveys of portions of this coast and pioneered routes up Skelton Glacier and Darwin Glacier to the polar plateau.

Nicholson Peninsula
Nicholson Peninsula (80°43′S 160°30′E﻿ / ﻿80.717°S 160.500°E﻿ / -80.717; 160.500) is a broad ice-covered peninsula about 15 nautical miles (28 km) long, between Couzens Bay and Matterson Inlet on the Shackleton Coast on the west side of the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica.
Submarining
Submarining may mean in:

Engineering sciences, the design, construction and use of submarines

Cars (in the 1960s), when a driver or passenger slides forward under a loosely fitted  seat belt

Wrestling, a term used in Road Wild (1997)

Online dating (since 2017), staying away for weeks or months and suddenly reappearing ( "resurfacing" ), mostly neither mentioning the absence nor giving an explanation and not even trying to ask for an excuse; similar to ghosting

Road Wild (1997)
The 1997 Road Wild was the second Road Wild professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and the first to be produced under the Road Wild name. It took place on August 9, 1997 from the Sturgis Motorcycle Rally in Sturgis, South Dakota.

In the main event, Hollywood Hogan defeated Lex Luger to win the WCW World Heavyweight Championship, which marked for the second straight year that Hogan won the title at the event. In other important matches on the undercard, The Outsiders retained the World Tag Team Championship against The Steiner Brothers, Curt Hennig defeated Diamond Dallas Page and Ric Flair defeated Syxx.
Johannes Benzing
Johannes Benzing (13 January 1913 – 16 March 2001) was a German Turkic specialist and diplomat in the era of National Socialism and in the Federal Republic of Germany. Benzing worked as a linguist in Pers Z S, the signals intelligence agency of the German Foreign Office (German: Auswärtiges Amt).  He was the youngest senior official (German: Beamter) and headed the section from October 1939 until September 1944.

Turkology
Turkology (or Turcology or Turkic studies) is a complex of humanities sciences studying languages, history, literature, folklore, culture, and ethnology of people speaking Turkic languages and the Turkic peoples in chronological and comparative context. That includes ethnic groups from the Sakha, in eastern Siberia, to the Turks in the Balkans and the Gagauz, in Moldova.
ALC-0159
ALC-0159 is a PEG/lipid conjugate (i.e. PEGylated lipid), specifically, it is the N,N-dimyristylamide of 2-hydroxyacetic acid, O-pegylated to a PEG chain mass of about 2 kilodaltons (corresponding to about 45-46 ethylene oxide units per molecule of N,N-dimyristyl hydroxyacetamide).  It is a non-ionic surfactant by its nature. It has been deployed in the Pfizer-BioNTech SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine (0.05 mg per dose) that contains the active ingredient tozinameran.

Myristic acid
Myristic acid (IUPAC name: tetradecanoic acid) is a common saturated fatty acid with the molecular formula CH3(CH2)12COOH. Its salts and esters are commonly referred to as myristates or tetradecanoates. The name of the acyl group derived from myristic acid is myristoyl or tetradecanoyl. The acid is named after the binomial name for nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), from which it was first isolated in 1841 by Lyon Playfair.
Faisal Sakhizada
Faisal Safa Sakhizada (Persian: فیصل سخی‌زاده; born 15 June 1990) is an Afghan professional footballer who plays as a defender for Australian side Kingston City. He has played for the Afghanistan national team.

Kingston City FC
Kingston City Football Club is an Australian professional soccer club from Clayton South, Victoria (within the local government area of Kingston), whose home ground is The Grange Reserve. Kingston City currently competes in the Victoria Premier League 2.