hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Astanababa
Astanababa (Russian: Астана-Баба) is a town in the Kerki District, Lebap Province, Turkmenistan. The town is located on the left bank of the Amu Darya River, about 12 km northwest of Kerki. There lies Astana-baba Mausoleum, which gives its name to the town. In 2022, Astanababa proper had a population of 11,466 people.

Amu Darya
The Amu Darya, historically known as the Oxus, is a major river in Central Asia which flows through Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Rising in the Pamir Mountains, north of the Hindu Kush, the Amu Darya is formed by the confluence of the Vakhsh and Panj rivers, in the Tigrovaya Balka Nature Reserve on the border between Afghanistan and Tajikistan, and flows from there north-westwards into the southern remnants of the Aral Sea. However, today the Amu Darya does not reach the Aral Sea, and its mouth is in a dried-up area, of what was once the Aral Sea. In its upper course, the river forms part of Afghanistan's northern border with Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan. In ancient history, the river was regarded as the boundary of Greater Iran with Turan, which roughly corresponded to present-day Central Asia. The Amu Darya has a flow of about 70 cubic kilometres per year on average.
Fort São Domingos da Baralha
The Fort São Domingos da Baralha (Forte de São Domingos da Baralha in Portuguese) or Baralha Fort (Forte da Baralha in Portuguese) is located next to Baleeira beach, between Cape Espichel and Sesimbra, in the District of Setúbal, in Portugal. It was built in the 1665, as part of Portugals defensive strategy implemented by John IV, construction having begun in the reign of Afonso VI, thus contributing to the protection and surveillance of the coast.

Considered at the time part of the first line of defense of the Arrábida coast, this fort is currently abandoned and in ruins.

John IV of Portugal
Dom John IV (João; 19 March 1604 – 6 November 1656), also known by the Portuguese as John the Restorer (João, o Restaurador), was the King of Portugal from 1640 until his death in 1656. He restored the independence of Portugal from Habsburg Spanish rule by terminating the 60-year-old Iberian Union in which Portugal and Spain shared the same monarch, and by establishing the House of Braganza on the Portuguese throne.

Before becoming king, he was John II, the 8th Duke of Braganza. He was the grandson of Catherine, Duchess of Braganza, a claimant to the crown during the Portuguese succession crisis of 1580. On the eve of his death in 1656, the Portuguese Empire was at its territorial zenith, spanning the globe.
Marriott Constantine Hotel
The Marriott Constantine Hotel is a hotel in Constantine, Algeria. It is rated in the 5 stars  international category, and is decorated in an Arabic-Moorish style.

The hotel was renovated in 2018 with the assistance of architects Fabris & Partners of Latisana, Italy. The renovation included addition of multiple swimming pools by Myrtha pools company.

The hotel has 180 rooms, distributed as 160 standard rooms, 10 executive suites, 10 senior suites and a presidential suite. located within four consecutive blocks that adapt to the underlying ground, connected in between through vertical elements that contain stairs and elevators.

Constantine, Algeria
Constantine (Arabic: قسنطينة, romanized: Qusanṭīnah), also spelled Qacentina or Kasantina, is the capital of Constantine Province in northeastern Algeria. During Roman times it was called Cirta and was renamed "Constantina" in honour of Emperor Constantine the Great. Located somewhat inland, Constantine is about 80 kilometres (50 miles) from the Mediterranean coast, on the banks of the Rhumel River.

Constantine is regarded as the capital of eastern Algeria and the commercial centre of its region and has a population of about 450,000 (938,475 with the agglomeration), making it the third largest city in the country after Algiers and Oran. There are several museums and historical sites located around the city. Constantine is often referred to as the "City of Bridges" because of the numerous picturesque bridges connecting the various hills, valleys, and ravines that the city is built on and around.

Constantine was named the Arab Capital of Culture in 2015.
Kalaniʻōpuʻu
Kalaniʻōpuʻu-a-Kaiamamao (c. 1729 – April 1782) was the aliʻi nui (supreme monarch) of the island of Hawaiʻi. He was called Terreeoboo, King of Owhyhee by James Cook and other Europeans. His name has also been written as Kaleiopuu.

Aliʻi
The aliʻi were the traditional nobility of the Hawaiian islands. They were part of a hereditary line of rulers, the noho aliʻi. There were many classes of aliʻi (or chief) and the position could be held by a man or a woman.

Cognates of the word aliʻi have a similar meaning in other Polynesian languages; in Māori it is ariki and in Tahitian ari'i.
Morris Lake (Nova Scotia)
Morris Lake is the longest and deepest lake in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia's Halifax Regional Municipality, reaching a maximum depth of 15 metres (49 ft), with a typical depth of 4 to 8 metres (13 to 26 ft) throughout. It borders the communities of Dartmouth, Shearwater and Cole Harbour.

The lake is bounded by Shearwater and Portland Estates on the west, Cole Harbour on the east and south, and Portland Hills on the north. The shoreline is mostly developed on the northwest end. The closed Dartmouth Refinery on the shore of Halifax Harbour once drew water from the lake for cooling. CFB Shearwater also uses a portion of the lake for helicopter practice manoeuvres and it also maintains a small recreational beach.

Dartmouth, Nova Scotia
Dartmouth (/ˈdɑːrtməθ/ DART-məth) is a built-up community of the Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia, Canada. Located on the eastern shore of Halifax Harbour, Dartmouth has 72,139 residents as of 2021.
Svorkmo Hydroelectric Power Station
Svorkmo Power Station  is a hydroelectric power station located in Svorkmo in Orkland Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway.

It has a total installed capacity of 54 megawatts (72,000 hp), with two units equipped with francis turbines, and has an annual production of approximately 270 gigawatt-hours (970 TJ). The power station utilises the waterfalls between Meldal and Svorkmo on the Orkla river system, with a total head of 99 metres (325 ft).

Joule
The joule (/dʒuːl/ JOOL, or /dʒaʊl/ JOWL; symbol: J) is the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI). In terms of SI base units, one joule corresponds to one kilogram-metre squared per second squared (1 J = 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−2). One joule is equal to the amount of work done when a force of one newton displaces a body through a distance of one metre in the direction of that force. It is also the energy dissipated as heat when an electric current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second. It is named after the English physicist James Prescott Joule (1818–1889).
Albert Kempster
Albert Joseph Kempster (23 August 1874 – 2 January 1952) was a British sport shooter who competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics and the 1912 Summer Olympics.

In 1908, he finished fifth in the running deer single shots competition as well as in the running deer double shots event. Four years later, he won the bronze medal as a member of the British team in the team 30 metre military pistol event as well as in the team 50 metre military pistol competition. In the individual 50 metre pistol event he finished 24th. RSM Royal Jersey Militia.

Shooting at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's double-shot running deer
The men's double-shot 100 meter running deer competition was one of 15 shooting sports events on the Shooting at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme.  A deer-shaped target made 10 runs of 75 feet (23 meters), with the shooter firing two shots during each run. The runs lasted about 4 seconds each and took place 110 yards (100 meters) distant from the shooter. There were three concentric circles on the target, with the smallest counting for 4 points, the middle for 3, and the outermost for 2. A hit outside the circles but still on the target (except on the haunch) counted for 1 point. The maximum possible score was thus 80 points. Each nation could enter up to 12 shooters.
Dechmont Law
Disambiguation: the name Dechmont, and an associated "Dechmont Hill" are also places near Cambuslang in Scotland

Dechmont Law is a hill in Livingston, West Lothian, Scotland. It lies around 700 yards southwest of the village of Dechmont, which provides its name. It is known locally as "Decky Hill" or as "Dechmont Hill" (Law is Lowland Scots for "hill"). "Deer Hill" is another peak of the same hill, to the northeast of the main peak.

It is the highest hill in the Livingston area, and Arthur's Seat and the Pentland Hills can be seen from here, as well as a view down the Almond valley.

River Almond, Lothian
The River Almond (Scottish Gaelic: Abhainn Amain) is a river in Lothian, Scotland.  It is approximately 28 miles (45 km) long, rising at Hirst Hill in Lanarkshire near Shotts, running through West Lothian and draining into the Firth of Forth at Cramond, Edinburgh. The name Almond/Amon is simply old Celtic for "river".
Hydrological optimization
Hydrological optimization applies mathematical optimization techniques (such as dynamic programming, linear programming, integer programming, or quadratic programming) to water-related problems. These problems may be for surface water, groundwater, or the combination. The work is interdisciplinary, and may be done by hydrologists, civil engineers, environmental engineers, and operations researchers.

Quadratic programming
Quadratic programming (QP) is the process of solving certain mathematical optimization problems involving quadratic functions. Specifically, one seeks to optimize (minimize or maximize) a multivariate quadratic function subject to linear constraints on the variables. Quadratic programming is a type of nonlinear programming.

"Programming" in this context refers to a formal procedure for solving mathematical problems. This usage dates to the 1940s and is not specifically tied to the more recent notion of "computer programming." To avoid confusion, some practitioners prefer the term "optimization" — e.g., "quadratic optimization."
Larry Rohrbach
Larry Rohrbach (born November 12, 1946, in California, Missouri) is an American former Republican politician who served in the Missouri Senate and the Missouri House of Representatives where he rose to the level of House Assistant Minority Floor Leader.

Rohrbach graduated from the California, Missouri, public school system and from Central Missouri State University with a bachelor's degree in agribusiness.  He has worked as a farmer and has served in the U.S. Army from 1968 until 1970.  In 2014, Rohrbach announced his retirement from Missouri politics after 32 years in Jefferson City, Missouri.  After retiring from the state senate in 2002, he joined a then newly-founded lobbying firm.

Missouri Senate
The Missouri Senate is the upper chamber of the Missouri General Assembly, the lower chamber being the Missouri House of Representatives. It has 34 members, representing districts with an average population of 181,000. Its members serve four-year terms, with half the seats being up for election every two years. The Senate chooses a President Pro Tempore to serve in the absence of the lieutenant governor or when he shall have to exercise the office of governor of Missouri if there is a vacancy in that office due to death, resignation, impeachment, or incapacitation.

Members of the Missouri General Assembly are prohibited from serving more than eight years in either the state house of representatives or state senate, or a total of sixteen years, due to statutory term limits.
Mazes of Fate
Mazes of Fate is a first-person role-playing video game developed by Argentinian studio Sabarasa and published by Graffiti Entertainment for the Game Boy Advance and the Nintendo DS. The Game Boy Advance version was released in North America on December 12, 2006.

A reconversion, titled Mazes of Fate DS, was released for the Nintendo DS on July 25, 2008, in Europe and on September 9, 2008, in North America. It improved on the original by fixing bugs present in the original, introducing a 3D engine in dungeons as a replacement of fake-3D, adding new secret areas in dungeons, and including new dungeon maps. A major bug in the DS port removed the challenge of combat by making nearly all enemies killable before they can approach the player and start counterattacking.

The game's Game Boy Advance release received mixed-to-positive reviews, whilst the DS re-release was looked upon more unfavourably.

Software bug
A software bug is a defect (bug) in computer software. A computer program with many or serious bugs may be described as buggy.

The effects of a software bug range from minor (such as a misspelled word in the user interface) to severe (such as frequent crashing).

In 2002, a study commissioned by the US Department of Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology concluded that "software bugs, or errors, are so prevalent and so detrimental that they cost the US economy an estimated $59 billion annually, or about 0.6 percent of the gross domestic product".

Since the 1950s, some computer systems have been designed to detect or auto-correct various software errors during operations.
Ricardo Barreiro
Ricardo Barreiro (October 2, 1949 – April 12, 1999) was a comic book writer from Argentina, widely acclaimed in Latin America and Europe. He collaborated with artists including Juan Giménez, Eduardo Risso, Enrique Breccia, Francisco Solano López, Juan Zanotto, and Enrique Alcatena, and is best known for series such as Slot-Barr, As de Pique, Parque Chas and El Eternauta: Odio cósmico.

Script (comics)
A script is a document describing the narrative and dialogue of a comic book in detail. It is the comic book equivalent of a television program teleplay or a film screenplay.

In comics, a script may be preceded by a plot outline, and is almost always followed by page sketches drawn by a comics artist and inked, succeeded by the coloring and lettering stages. There are no prescribed forms of comic scripts, but there are two dominant styles in the mainstream comics industry, the full script (commonly known as "DC style") and the plot script (or "Marvel house style").

The creator of a script is known as a comics writer.
Melodi Grand Prix Junior 2002
Melodi Grand Prix Junior 2002 was the first ever music competition in Norway in the series Melodi Grand Prix Junior for children between the ages of 8 and 15. The winners were To små karer (meaning two little guys) with the song "Paybacktime". They represented Norway in MGP Nordic (Melodi Grand Prix Nordic 2002) held in Denmark together with the second-placed Wicked Instinct and third-placed Black Jackets. Program presenter was Thomas Numme, while Stian Barsnes Simonsen was backstage.

There were 10 participants, including three bands, three girl groups, three solo artists and one duo.

The album Melodi Grand Prix Junior 2002 containing the songs of the 10 finalists reached #4 on the VG-lista Norwegian Albums Chart on weeks 10 and 11 of 2002 staying at #4, with the album staying a total of 10 weeks in the charts.

VG-lista
VG-lista is the primary Norwegian record chart, charting albums and singles from Norwegian and international artists. It is presented weekly in the newspaper VG. The data is collected by Nielsen Soundscan International and based on the sales in approximately 100 shops in Norway. The singles chart started as a top 10 chart in week 42 of 1958 and was expanded to a top 20 chart in week 5 of 1995, the same time as the albums chart, which started as a top 20 chart in week 1 of 1967, was expanded to a top 40 chart. It expanded even further into a top 100 chart in week 14 of 2025.
Franklinsundet
Franklinsundet is a strait between Storsteinhalvøya and Lågøya at the northern side of Nordaustlandet, Svalbard. The eastern side of the strait leads into Lady Franklinfjorden, named after Jane Franklin.

Lågøya
Lågøya (lit. 'Low Island') is an island in Svalbard, Norway, situated north west of Nordaustlandet. It has an area of 103.5 km2 (40.0 sq mi).

Lågøya has rarely been visited. It was first marked on the Muscovy Company's map (1625) as Purchas plus ultra Island. Cornelis Giles and Outger Rep (c. 1710) labeled it t' Lage eyl. The island was first marked Low Island by William Scoresby (1820).
Kancelář Blaník
Kancelář Blaník (The Office Blanik) is a Czech web series that premiered between 2014 and 2018 on internet television Stream.cz. The main role of lobbyist Tonda Blaník is played by Marek Daniel, his assistants are Michal Dalecký and Halka Třešňáková. The directors are Marek Najbrt and Bohdan Sláma. It was written by Robert Geisler, Benjamin Tuček, Marek Najbrt, Tomáš Hodan, Jan Bartes, Milan Kuchynka and also Marek Daniel. Related film Prezident Blaník was released in 2018.

Prezident Blaník
Prezident Blaník is a Czech satirical film directed by Marek Najbrt. It stars Marek Daniel as a fictional Czech lobbyist Antonín "Tonda" Blaník. Blaník is the main protagonist of the satirical web series Kancelář Blaník. The film is about Blaník's candidacy in the 2018 presidential election.
Hapta Band
Hapta Band (transl. Installment closed) is an Indian Marathi language game show which aired on Zee Marathi. It was hosted by Aadesh Bandekar, Makarand Anaspure and Nirmiti Sawant. It premiered from 1 July 2009 and ended on 1 November 2012 airing two seasons.

Aadesh Bandekar
Aadesh Chandrakant Bandekar is a Marathi actor, TV host, and a Shiv Sena secretary and leader. He is known for hosting the Marathi game show Home Minister on Zee Marathi since 2004. He is the former chairman of Shree Siddhivinayak Temple Trust with a status of Minister of State Government of Maharashtra. He holds a degree in M.A. political science from University of Mumbai (2020–22).
Plain of Flanders
The Plain of Flanders (fr: Plaine de Flandre or plaine flamande) is a low-lying plain bordering the North Sea. It is part of the Low Countries, and the North European Plain. It extends through the territories of Northern France and Belgium. It has two main sections : Maritime Flanders and Interior Flanders. The coastal plain consists mainly of sand dunes and polders.

It is a feature of the Flanders Basin (fr: Bassin de Flandre), which is separated from the Parisian Basin by the Hills of Artois.

It is a formation dating the Cenozoic era.

Maritime Flanders also refers to the French Westhoek region. It refers more specifically to the Blootland (Dutch for "naked land") or the Maritime Plain (French: Plaine maritime) including Dunkirk, Bourbourg, Bergues and Hondschoote.

Westhoek (region)
Westhoek (Dutch: [ˈʋɛstɦuk] ⓘ, French: [wɛstuk]; Dutch for 'West Corner') or Maritime Flanders (French: Flandre maritime) is a region in Belgium and France and includes the following areas:

Belgian Westhoek (Dutch: Belgische Westhoek) including the West Flanders arrondissements of Diksmuide, Ypres, and Veurne including the cities of Veurne, Poperinge, Wervik, Ypres, De Panne, Langemark-Poelkapelle, Diksmuide and Koekelare.  However, the three Belgian coast municipalities of De Panne, Koksijde, and Nieuwpoort are frequently considered a separate region known as the Belgian or Flemish West Coast (Westkust).

French Westhoek (French: Westhoek français; Dutch: Franse Westhoek), roughly the arrondissement of Dunkirk, including the cities of Dunkirk, Gravelines, and Hazebrouck, itself part of a larger area known as French Flanders.

Outside Dutch-language sources, Westhoek sometimes refers only to French Westhoek.
Petru Rareș National College (Piatra Neamț)
46°56′00″N 26°22′11″E﻿ / ﻿46.93332°N 26.3698°E﻿ / 46.93332; 26.3698

The Petru Rareș National College (Colegiul Național Petru Rareș) is the oldest high school in Piatra Neamț, Romania, located at 4 Ștefan cel Mare Street. At the 2024 evaluation of Romanian secondary schools, it came in 15th place, with a score of 9.41/10.

The school building dates to 1890–1892, and is classified as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs.

Ministry of Culture (Romania)
The Ministry of Culture of Romania (Romanian: Ministerul Culturii) is one of the ministries of the Government of Romania. The current position holder is András István Demeter from the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ).

The Romanian National Institute of Historical Monuments, part of this ministry, maintains the list of historical monuments in Romania. The list, created in 2004–2005, contains historical monuments entered in the National Cultural Heritage of Romania.
2019 Fitzgibbon Cup
The 2019 Fitzgibbon Cup was the 103rd staging of the Fitzgibbon Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912. It was sponsored by Electric Ireland, and known as the Electric Ireland HE GAA Fitzgibbon Cup for sponsorship purposes. The draw for the group stage fixtures took place on 5 December 2018. It started with the group stage on 20 January 2019 and is scheduled to end on 23 February 2019.

The University of Limerick were the defending champions, however, they failed to make it out of the "group of death".

On 23 February 2019, University College Cork won the Fitzgibbon Cup after a 2–21 to 0–13 defeat of Mary Immaculate College in the final. This was their 39th cup title overall and their first title since 2013.

Evan Niland of NUI Galway was the Fitzgibbon Cup top scorer with 0-54.

University of Galway GAA
University of Galway GAA comprises the Gaelic football and hurling teams at the University of Galway.

Competitions in which they feature include the Sigerson Cup, Fitzgibbon Cup, and Walsh Cup.

Historically, they have won the Galway Senior Football Championship and contested the FBD Insurance League.

They are the second most prolific winners of the Sigerson Cup.
Altazimuth mount
An altazimuth mount or alt-azimuth mount is a simple two-axis mount for supporting and rotating an instrument about two perpendicular axes – one vertical and the other horizontal. Rotation about the vertical axis varies the azimuth (compass bearing) of the pointing direction of the instrument. Rotation about the horizontal axis varies the altitude angle (angle of elevation) of the pointing direction.

These mounts are used, for example, with telescopes, cameras, radio antennas, heliostat mirrors, solar panels, and guns and similar weapons.

Several names are given to this kind of mount, including altitude-azimuth, azimuth-elevation and various abbreviations thereof. A gun turret is essentially an alt-azimuth mount for a gun, and a standard camera tripod is an alt-azimuth mount as well.

Coordinate system
In geometry, a coordinate system is a system that uses one or more numbers, or coordinates, to uniquely determine and standardize the position of the points or other geometric elements on a manifold such as Euclidean space. The coordinates are not interchangeable; they are commonly distinguished by their position in an ordered tuple, or by a label, such as in "the x-coordinate". The coordinates are taken to be real numbers in elementary mathematics, but may be complex numbers or elements of a more abstract system such as a commutative ring. The use of a coordinate system allows problems in geometry to be translated into problems about numbers and vice versa; this is the basis of analytic geometry.