hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stepladder Mountains
The Stepladder Mountains are located in southeastern California in the United States. The range, found in San Bernardino County, is home to the 84,199-acre (approximate) Stepladder Mountains Wilderness, which protects the Desert tortoise, California's state reptile. The mountains are located east of the Old Woman Mountains and north of the Turtle Mountains, about 29 miles (47 km) southeast of the town of Essex.

The dominant vegetation consists of creosote bush scrub on the bajadas, and microphylla woodlands within the washes; palo verde, smoketree, and catclaw are typically the trees found in the woodlands. A small stand of crucifixion thorn and a dense stand of teddy bear cholla are also found in the area. Wildlife is typical for the Mojave Desert; including coyote, black-tailed jackrabbits, ground squirrels, kangaroo rats, quail, roadrunners, rattlesnakes, and several species of lizards.

Roadrunner
The roadrunners (genus Geococcyx), also known as chaparral birds or chaparral cocks, are two species of fast-running ground cuckoos with long tails and crests. They are found in the southwestern and south-central United States, Mexico and Central America, usually in the desert. Although capable of flight, roadrunners generally run away from predators. On the ground, some have been measured at 32 km/h (20 mph).
Sten Olsson
Sten Olsson (8 February 1944 - 7 March 2008) was a Swedish handball goalkeeper, who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics.

In 1972 he was part of the Swedish team which finished seventh in the Olympic tournament. He played three matches.

Handball at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Handball at the 1972 Summer Olympics was the second appearance of the sport at the Olympics, returning to the Olympic program after a 36-year absence. The competition was for men only and it was contested by sixteen teams.
Tommy Spangler
Tommy Spangler (born August 10, 1961) is an American college football coach. He is currently the special teams coordinator and safeties coach at Furman. He was the head coach of the Presbyterian Blue Hose football team at Presbyterian College, a position he held from 2001 to 2006 and reprised from 2017 to 2020.

Presbyterian Blue Hose football
The Presbyterian Blue Hose football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Presbyterian College located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS); while Presbyterian is a full member of the Big South Conference, it plays football in the Pioneer Football League. The current head coach is Matt Rahl, who was hired in December 2025 to replace Steve Englehart. Presbyterian's first football team was fielded in 1913. The team plays its home games at the 6,500 seat Bailey Memorial Stadium in Clinton, South Carolina. The Blue Hose began a transition to non-scholarship football in 2017 and left Big South football after the 2019 season, while otherwise remaining a full Big South member. The Blue Hose football program played the 2020–21 season as an independent and joined the Pioneer League in July 2021 upon completion of its transition.
Log area ratio
Log area ratios (LAR) can be used to represent reflection coefficients (another form for linear prediction coefficients) for transmission over a channel. While not as efficient as line spectral pairs (LSPs), log area ratios are much simpler to compute. Let  be the kth reflection coefficient of a filter, the kth LAR is:

Use of Log Area Ratios have now been mostly replaced by Line Spectral Pairs, but older codecs, such as GSM-FR use LARs.

Reflection coefficient
In physics and electrical engineering the reflection coefficient is a parameter that describes how much of a wave is reflected by an impedance discontinuity in the transmission medium.  It is equal to the ratio of the amplitude of the reflected wave to the incident wave, with each expressed as phasors.  For example, it is used in optics to calculate the amount of light that is reflected from a surface with a different index of refraction, such as a glass surface, or in an electrical transmission line to calculate how much of the electromagnetic wave is reflected by an impedance discontinuity. The reflection coefficient is closely related to the transmission coefficient. The reflectance of a system is also sometimes called a reflection coefficient.

Different disciplines have different applications for the term.
Wratten
Wratten is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Wratten GBE, CB, AFC (born 1939), Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief of RAF Strike Command from 1994

Frederick Wratten (1840–1926), English inventor

Jack Wratten (1906–1996), Progressive Conservative party member of the Canadian House of Commons

Paul Wratten (born 1970), retired English footballer who played as a midfielder

Jack Wratten
Jack Wratten (30 July 1906 – 24 August 1996) was a Progressive Conservative party
member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in England and became a contractor by career.

He was first elected at the Brantford riding in the 1957 general election and served two terms until his defeat in the 1962 election.

During his second term in the House of Commons in 1961, Wratten attempted to establish a national holiday in honour of Canada's first Prime Minister by supporting a parliamentary bill. Had this become law, John A. Macdonald Day would have been observed each year on a Monday in mid-February. Macdonald's birthdate in January was deemed too soon after the Christmas and New Year's holiday period for this purpose.
Mieres uprising
The Mieres uprising (Catalan: Alçament de Mieres) was a peasant revolt which occurred on 22 September 1484 in the valley of Mieres (Garrotxa).  It was led by Pere Joan Sala, and precipitated by the attempted seizure of the property of farmers that were not willing to accede to the droit du seigneur.  It was the beginning of the Second War of the Remences (Peasants' War).

The revolt came about in the environment following the Catalan Civil War, and the king's 1481 approval of a constitution favouring the rights of the nobility over those of the remensas.

Garrotxa
Garrotxa (Catalan pronunciation: [ɡəˈrɔtʃə]) is a comarca (county) in the Girona region, Catalonia, Spain. Its population in 2016 was 55,999, more than half of them in the capital city of Olot. It is roughly equivalent to the historical County of Besalú.
Second inauguration of Goodluck Jonathan
The second inauguration of Goodluck Jonathan as the 14th president of Nigeria, and 3rd in the fourth republic was held on Sunday, 29 May 2011, marking the start of the second and only full term of Goodluck Jonathan as president and Namadi Sambo as vice president. It was the 6th presidential inauguration in Nigeria, and 4th in the fourth republic.

Jonathan was sworn in after winning the 2011 Nigerian presidential election, an election which was seen as the fairest at the time.

Vice President of Nigeria
The vice president of Nigeria is the second-highest official in the executive branch of the federal government of Nigeria, after the president of Nigeria, and ranks first in the presidential line of succession. Officially styled Vice President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, the vice president is directly elected together with the president to a four-year term of office.

Kashim Shettima is the 15th and current vice president of Nigeria, he assumed office on 29 May 2023.
Marilyn Vance
Marilyn Vance (née Kaye) is an American costume designer and filmmaker. She received nominations for an Academy Award and two BAFTA Awards. She was honored with the Costume Designers Guild Career Achievement Award in 2009.

Costume Designers Guild Career Achievement Award
The Costume Designers Guild Career Achievement Award is awarded to an extraordinary individual whose remarkable career in costume design has left an indelible mark on the worlds of film and television.

The award was established in 1998 and was first presented at the 1st Costume Designers Guild Awards, in February 1999. Initially known as The Rit Color Award for Achievement in Costume Design, as well as the BVLGARI and LACOSTE Career Achievement Awards in both film and television.
Fjelldal
Fjelldal is a village in Tjeldsund Municipality in Troms county, Norway. The village is located on the eastern bank of the Tjeldsundet strait in the northeastern part of the municipality. The village is located about halfway between the villages of Ramsund and Evenskjer. The town of Harstad is located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) north of Fjelldal, and Harstad/Narvik Airport, Evenes is reachable by a 15-minute car drive to the southeast. Fjelldal Chapel is located in this village.

The 0.84-square-kilometre (210-acre) village had a population (2012) of 312 and a population density of 371 inhabitants per square kilometre (960/sq mi). Since 2012, the population and area data for this village area has not been separately tracked by Statistics Norway.

Harstad (town)
Harstad (Norwegian: [hɑ̂ʂtɑ] ⓘ; Northern Sami: Hárstták) is a city in Harstad Municipality in Troms county, Norway. The city is also the administrative centre of Harstad Municipality. The 11.46-square-kilometre (2,830-acre) city has a population (2023) of 21,289 (31,404 in the Urban area) and a population density of 1,858 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,810/sq mi).  It is the second-largest town in Troms county, after the city of Tromsø, and it is the largest town in Central Hålogaland.

The town is located on the northeastern part of the large island of Hinnøya, along the Vågsfjorden. The city is made up of several areas (bydeler) including Gansås, Grønnebakkan, Kanebogen, Medkila, Sama, Seljestad, Kilhus, Stangnes, and Trondenes and more. There are two churches of the Church of Norway in the town: Harstad Church and Kanebogen Church. The historic Trondenes Church lies on the north edge of the town, near the Trondenes Fort.
Raymond Gallois-Montbrun
Raymond Gallois-Montbrun (15 August 1918, Saigon – 13 August 1994, Paris) was a French violinist and composer. He was the director of the Conservatoire de Paris from 1962 to 1984.

He studied violin and composition at the Conservatoire de Paris, and won the Prix de Rome in 1944.

His works include a violin concerto and the symphony Japan, as well as film scores, such as Danger de mort (1947) and Cry, the Beloved Country (1951).

Cry, the Beloved Country (1951 film)
Cry, the Beloved Country is a 1951 British drama film directed by Zoltán Korda and starring Sidney Poitier, Charles Carson and Canada Lee, in his last film role. The film is based on the novel of the same name written by Alan Paton.
Hyde Road railway station
Hyde Road was a railway station in Gorton, Manchester, England, on the Fallowfield Loop Line. It opened in 1892 and closed in 1958, when local passenger services on the line were withdrawn.  The station was sometimes advertised as Hyde Road for Belle Vue, given its close proximity to Belle Vue Zoo which was about one mile away.  The line was closed completely in 1988 and the track was taken up. The station has long since been demolished and the site was partly redeveloped. The former trackbed is now a popular shared use path called the Fallowfield Loop.

The station was named after Hyde Road, which begins at the east end of Ardwick Green South in Ardwick and runs east towards Hyde. At the boundary between Gorton and Denton, it continues as Manchester Road.

Hyde, Greater Manchester
Hyde is a town in Tameside, Greater Manchester, England. It lies within the historic county boundaries of Cheshire, and became part of Greater Manchester in 1974. The built-up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics had a population of 35,895 at the 2021 census. The town lies 5 miles (8 km) north-east of Stockport, 6 miles (10 km) west of Glossop and 6.5 miles (10 km) east of Manchester.
Cederroth
Cederroth AB is a Swedish pharmaceuticals company which manufactures and markets personal care, healthcare, wound care, household and first aid products. Founded in 1895 in Gävle, by Christian Cederroth, it is based in Upplands Väsby.

In 2015 Norwegian conglomerate Orkla acquired Cederroth.

Its brands include Acta, Stomatol, Samarin, Svinto, Grumme, Pharbio, Allévo, HTH and Salvequick.

Gävle
Gävle (/ˈjɛvleɪ, -lə/ YEV-lay or YEV-lə; Swedish: [ˈjɛ̌ːvlɛ] ⓘ) is a city in Sweden, the seat of Gävle Municipality and the capital of Gävleborg County. It had 79,004 inhabitants in 2020, which makes it the 13th-most-populated city in Sweden. It is the oldest city in the historical Norrland (Sweden's northern lands), having received its charter in 1446 from Christopher of Bavaria. However, Gävle is far nearer to the greater Stockholm region than it is to most other major settlements in Norrland and has a much milder climate than associated with said region.

In recent years, the city has received much international attention due to its large Yule Goat figure made of straw – the Gävle Goat. The goat is erected in December each year and is often subsequently vandalized, usually by being set on fire. The goat has now become a symbol for the city and is being used for various marketing purposes.
Greenville Christian School
Greenville Christian School is a private, Christian school located in Greenville, Mississippi that was founded as a segregation academy. Greenville Christian offers preschool through grade 12 education to residents of Greenville and the surrounding areas.  The school is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools and the Mississippi Association of Independent Schools.

Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) is a regional educational accreditor recognized by the United States Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation. As of 2022, the organization oversees approximately 750 public and private degree-granting educational institutions in the Southern United States. Its headquarters are in North Druid Hills, Georgia, near Decatur, in the Atlanta metropolitan area.

SACS accredits educational institutions in the states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia, and educational institutions for U.S. students in Mexico, the Caribbean, Central and South America.

There are a number of affiliate organizations within the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. One affiliate organization is the Southern Association of Community, Junior, and Technical Colleges.
Ladywood Estates
Ladywood Estates is a historic district in Indianapolis, Indiana. Built in 1967, it consists of 14 contributing multi-family residential buildings, 16 contributing garage buildings, and one contributing object. Originally planned as apartments, the residential buildings vary in size and number of units. All structures maintain a mid-century modern design relating to the community's post-war era development. The buildings are limestone, brick, and wood siding, with post-and-beam construction typical of mid-century modern open design.

The community was planned by lawyer and developer Fredrick J. Capp, who purchased the land in 1965. Capp employed architectural designer Avriel Shull to design it.

It was listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places in 2019.

Post-war
A post-war or postwar period is the period immediately following the end of a war. The term usually refers to a varying period of time after World War II, which ended in 1945. A post-war period can become an interwar period or interbellum, when a war between the same parties resumes at a later date (such as the period between World War I and World War II). By contrast, a post-war period marks the cessation of armed conflict entirely.
Hell and Back Together: 1984–1990
Hell and Back Together: 1984–1990 is a compilation album by the American rock band T.S.O.L. (True Sounds of Liberty), released in 1992 through Restless Records. It includes material from the band's hard rock/glam metal era with singer/guitarist Joe Wood and drummer Mitch Dean, which saw lineup changes resulting in the departure of original members Ron Emory and Mike Roche. It compiles tracks from the albums Revenge (1986), Hit and Run (1987), and Strange Love (1990), two tracks from other compilations, and three songs recorded live for radio station WBCN in Boston. It was the final album released by this incarnation of T.S.O.L.; in 1999 the original lineup of Emory, Roche, Jack Grisham, and Todd Barnes reacquired legal rights to the band's name and relaunched the group with a return to its hardcore punk roots.

T.S.O.L.
T.S.O.L. (True Sounds of Liberty) is an American punk rock band formed in 1978 in Huntington Beach, California. Although most commonly associated with hardcore punk, T.S.O.L.'s music has varied on each release, including such styles as deathrock, art punk, horror punk, other varieties of punk music, and hard rock.
Grazhdansky
Grazhdansky (Russian: Гражданский; masculine), Grazhdanskaya (Гражданская; feminine), or Grazhdanskoye (Гражданское; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Grazhdansky, Republic of Adygea, a khutor in Maykopsky District of the Republic of Adygea

Grazhdansky, Chelyabinsk Oblast, a settlement in Yuzhno-Stepnoy Selsoviet of Kartalinsky District of Chelyabinsk Oblast

Grazhdansky, Krasnodar Krai, a settlement in Gazyrsky Rural Okrug of Vyselkovsky District of Krasnodar Krai

Grazhdansky, Oryol Oblast, a settlement in Mokhovskoy Selsoviet of Pokrovsky District of Oryol Oblast

Grazhdansky, Samara Oblast, a settlement in Krasnoarmeysky District of Samara Oblast

Grazhdanskoye, a selo in Grazhdansky Selsoviet of Mineralovodsky District of Stavropol Krai

Vyselkovsky District
Vyselkovsky District (Russian: Выселковский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-eight in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Vyselkovsky Municipal District. It is located in the center of the krai. The area of the district is 1,730 square kilometers (670 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a stanitsa) of Vyselki. Population:  60,271 (2010 Census); 60,239 (2002 Census); 59,436 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Vyselki accounts for 32.2% of the district's total population.
Grand Council of Thurgau
The Grand Council of Thurgau (German: Grosser Rat) is the legislature of the canton of Thurgau, in Switzerland. Thurgau has a unicameral legislature. The Grand Council has 130 seats, with members elected every four years.

The council has the unique feature in Switzerland of convening in two different locations: the town hall of Frauenfeld in the summer and that of Weinfelden in the winter.

Weinfelden
Weinfelden is a municipality in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.  It is the capital of the district of the same name.

Weinfelden is an old town, which was known during Roman times as Quivelda (Winis Feld).

Weinfelden is mostly known throughout Switzerland for its hockey team, HC Thurgau which is currently playing in the Swiss League.
Honfleur station
Honfleur station was the railway station for the town of Honfleur, Calvados, in Lower Normandy. The station was the terminus for two railway lines, the main line from Paris via Brionne and the branch line from Paris via Pont-l'Évêque.

The CF de l'Ouest company built the line from Pont-l'Évêque and opened it on 7 July 1862, the main line from Paris opened 8 August 1889. The station closed in 1977 and the line to the station cut off a few hundred metres at the junction with the dock yard. A new goods yard of 8 tracks was built and is now below the Pont de Normandie.

49°25′01″N 0°14′28″E﻿ / ﻿49.417°N 0.241°E﻿ / 49.417; 0.241

Pont-l'Évêque, Calvados
Pont-l'Évêque (French pronunciation: [pɔ̃ levɛːk] ⓘ) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. It is known for Pont-l'Évêque cheese, a type of soft cheese, the oldest Normandy cheese in production.
MEWF Mid-Atlantic Championship
The Mid-Eastern Wrestling Federation (MEWF) Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Championship was the second highest ranking singles title in the Mid-Eastern Wrestling Federation, one of three in the promotion.

The title was created when "Hollywood" Bob Starr defeated C.C. Danger at an event held in Gaithersburg, Maryland on March 6, 1993. In 2003, the title was merged with the MCW Rage Television Championship when Maryland Championship Wrestling held its final show as an interpromtional event with the Mid-Eastern Wrestling Federation creating the MEWF Unified Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Championship.

The championship has been known as:

MEWF Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Championship (1993 – 2003)

MEWF Unified Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Championship (2003 – 2004)

There have been a total of 31 recognized champions who have had a combined 45 official reigns.

MCW Rage Television Championship
The MCW Rage Television Championship is a professional wrestling television championship owned by the MCW Pro Wrestling (MCW) promotion. The title was created and debuted on February 21, 2001 at a MCW live event. The current champion is Ken Dixon, who is in his third reign.

The inaugural champion was Gregory Martin, who defeated Ronnie Zukko in the finals of a tournament to win the championship on February 21, 2001 at an MCW live event.
Ningthou
Ningthou was a title used for the King of Manipur. The Ningthou was used to refer to the King after the reign of Pakhangba and was a title used until King Pamheiba. The subsequent Sanskritization undertaken by Pamheiba and Shantidas Adhikari changed the title of the King to Maharaja or Raja  though the native name was still used for some Kings (ex. Ningthou Ching-Thang Khomba).
Leima was Also a title used for the Queen of Manipur.

Bhagya Chandra
Bhagya Chandra (also known as Ching-Thang Khomba and Jai Singh) (1748–1798)  was a king of Manipur in the 18th century CE. He was the grandson of Gharib Niwaz and ruled Manipur for almost forty years (1759–1798). During his rule, he faced several invasions from the Burmese empire and went into exile, but eventually made peace with Burma.

Bhagya Chandra is known for spreading Vaishnavism in the Manipur state. He invented the Manipuri Raas Leela dance. His daughter (Shija Laioibi) played the role of Radha at the first performance and became a popular figure in Manipur.
2007 Punjab Legislative Assembly election
The Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 2007 was held in Indian state of Punjab in 2007, to elect 117 members to the 13th Punjab Legislative Assembly. Shiromani Akali Dal, and its alliance partner Bharatiya Janata Party gained majority of the seats. Parkash Singh Badal was elected as the Chief Minister

Chief Minister of Punjab, India
The chief minister of Punjab is the head of the government of Punjab. As per the Constitution of India, the Governor of Punjab is the state's head, but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister. Following elections to the Punjab Legislative Assembly, the governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly. Given that he has the confidence of the assembly, the chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no term limits.