hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charles Barter
Charles Barter (1821 – 15 July 1859) was a Scottish gardener and botanist who trained at Kew Gardens in London from 1849 to 1851. He was foreman of Regent's Park of the Royal Botanic Society from 1851 to 1857.

In 1857, he joined an expedition to Niger led by William Balfour Baikie (1825–1864), a naturalist and philologist from Scotland, who was in correspondence  with Charles Darwin. The expedition ended prematurely when the ship hit rocks near Jebba. It took one year for the survivors to be rescued and taken back to England but Charles Barter never returned to his country. He caught dysentery and died in Rabba, Nigeria in 1859. German botanist Gustav Mann was sent to replace him on the expedition after he became ill.

Plants of the genus Barteria Hook. f. in the Passifloraceae commemorate his name.

Palisota barteri is a species from the Commelinaceae family that also honours his name.

Passifloraceae
The Passifloraceae are a family of flowering plants, containing about 750 species classified in around 27 genera.

They include trees, shrubs, lianas, and climbing plants, and are mostly found in tropical regions. The family takes its name from the passion flower genus (Passiflora) which includes the edible passion fruit (Passiflora edulis), as well as garden plants such as maypop and running pop.

Passiflora vines and Dryas iulia (among other heliconian butterflies) have demonstrated evidence of coevolution, in which the plants attempted to stop their destruction from larval feeding by the butterflies, while the butterflies tried to gain better survival for their eggs.

The former Cronquist system of classification placed this family in the order Violales, but under more modern classifications systems such as that proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, this is absorbed into the Malpighiales and the family has been expanded to include the former Malesherbiaceae and Turneraceae.
RS-18
The RS-18 is a reconfigured version of the Rocketdyne Lunar Module Ascent Engine (LMAE), modified to burn liquid oxygen (LOX) and liquid methane (CH4) for NASA's Exploration Systems Architecture Study (ESAS) engine testing in 2008.

Exploration Systems Architecture Study
The Exploration Systems Architecture Study (ESAS) was a 90-day study of human spaceflight systems, conducted by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) between May and July of 2005. The final report was released in November 2005. The report presented recommendations for implementing the Vision for Space Exploration. The report recommended the approach adopted in the Constellation program, which was cancelled in 2010 and replaced with the Artemis program.
Mohammad Taqi Mirza Rokn ed-Dowleh
Mohammad Taqi Mirza Rokn ed-Dowleh (Persian: محمد تقی میرزا رکن‌الدوله) was an Iranian prince of the Qajar dynasty.

He was born in Tehran to Mohammad Shah Qajar before 13 February 1842 (s/o a Zainab Khanum) and was granted the title Rokn ed-Dowleh in 1868. He was governor of Tehran between 1856 and 1858, Khamseh 1866–1867 and 1872–1873, Zanjan 1876–1878, Governor-General of Khorasan 1876, 1881, 1883–1884, 1887–1888 and 1897, of Fars 1892–1893 and 1894–1897, and of Arabistan 1897–1901.

He received the decoration of the Imperial Portrait, and the Order of the Lion and Sun 1st class.

He died in 1901, having left behind eight sons and six daughters.

Khorasan province
Khorasan (Persian: استان خراسان [xoɾɒːˈsɒːn] ⓘ; also transcribed as Khurasan, Xorasan and Khorassan), also called Traxiane during Hellenistic and Parthian times, was a province in northeastern Iran until September 2004, when it was divided into three new provinces: North Khorasan, South Khorasan, and Razavi Khorasan.

Khorasan historically referred to a much larger area, comprising the east and the northeast of the Persian Empire. The name Khorāsān is Persian and means "where the sun arrives from". The name was first given to the eastern province of Persia during the Sasanian Empire and was used from the Late Middle Ages in distinction to neighbouring Transoxiana.

This province, whose people are mainly Shia Muslims, roughly encompassed the western portion of the historical Greater Khorasan. The modern boundaries of the Iranian province of Khorasan were formally defined in the late nineteenth century and the province was divided into three separate administrative divisions in 2004.
Zinc fluoride
Zinc fluoride is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula ZnF2. It is encountered as the anhydrous form and also as the tetrahydrate, ZnF2·4H2O (rhombohedral crystal structure). It has a high melting point and has the rutile structure containing 6 coordinate zinc, which suggests appreciable ionic character in its chemical bonding. Unlike the other zinc halides, ZnCl2, ZnBr2 and ZnI2, it is not very soluble in water.

Like some other metal difluorides, ZnF2 crystallizes in the rutile structure, which features octahedral Zn cations and trigonal planar fluorides.

Rutile
Rutile is an oxide mineral composed of titanium dioxide (TiO2), the most common natural form of TiO2. Rarer polymorphs of TiO2 are known, including anatase, akaogiite, and brookite.

Rutile has one of the highest refractive indices at visible wavelengths of any known crystal and also exhibits a particularly large birefringence and high dispersion. Owing to these properties, it is useful for the manufacture of certain optical elements, especially polarization optics, for longer visible and infrared wavelengths up to about 4.5 micrometres. Natural rutile may contain up to 10% iron and significant amounts of niobium and tantalum.

Rutile derives its name from the Latin rutilus ('red'), in reference to the deep red color observed in some specimens when viewed by transmitted light. Rutile was first described in 1803 by Abraham Gottlob Werner using specimens obtained in Horcajuelo de la Sierra, Madrid (Spain), which is consequently the type locality.
White Front
White Front was a chain of discount department stores in California and the western United States from 1929 through the mid-1970s. The stores had a distinctive front architecture with an enormous, sweeping archway having the store name spelled out in letters fanned across the top. For several years, White Front was the leading discount store in the U.S.

Gail Davis
Gail Davis (born Betty Jeanne Grayson; October 5, 1925 – March 15, 1997) was an American actress and singer, best known for her starring role as Annie Oakley in the 1950s television series Annie Oakley.
In Our Time (EP)
In Our Time is a two-part EP series by Canadian alternative country band Cuff the Duke, released in 2012 and 2013 on Paper Bag Records.

The EPs contain covers of songs by artists the band considers as influences on their sound and style, with six songs on each volume.

Alternative country
Alternative country (commonly abbreviated to alt-country; insurgent country, Americana, or y'allternative) is a loosely defined subgenre of country music that includes acts that differ significantly in style from mainstream country music, mainstream country rock, and country pop. Most frequently, the term has been used to describe certain country music bands and artists that are also defined as or have incorporated influences from genres such as alternative rock, indie rock, punk rock, heartland rock, Southern rock, progressive country, outlaw country, neotraditional country, Texas country, Red Dirt, roots rock, indie folk, folk rock, rockabilly, bluegrass, and honky tonk.
Manila's 1st congressional district
Manila's 1st congressional district is one of the six congressional districts of the Philippines in the city of Manila. It has been represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 1916 and earlier in the Philippine Assembly from 1907 to 1916. The district consists of barangays 1 to 146 in the western part of the Manila district of Tondo, west of Dagupan Street, Estero de Vitas and Estero de Sunog Apog bordering Navotas. It used to encompass the entire district of Tondo until 1972, as well as the western districts of Binondo, Intramuros, and San Nicolas, making it also known as the North District, until 1949 due to the revision of Manila's city charter. It is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Ernesto M. Dionisio Jr. of Lakas–CMD.

Binondo
Binondo (Chinese: 岷倫洛; pinyin: Mínlúnluò; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bîn-lûn-lo̍h; Tagalog: Distrito ng Binondo) is a district in Manila and is referred to as the city's Chinatown. Its influence extends beyond to the places of Quiapo, Santa Cruz, San Nicolas and Tondo. It is the oldest Chinatown in the world, established in 1594 by the Spaniards as a settlement near Intramuros but across the Pasig River for Catholic Chinese; it was positioned so that the colonial administration could keep a close eye on their migrant subjects. It was already a hub of Chinese commerce even before the Spanish colonial period. Binondo is the center of commerce and trade of Manila, where all types of business run by Chinese Filipinos thrive.

Noted residents include Saint Lorenzo Ruiz, the Filipino protomartyr, and Venerable Mother Ignacia del Espiritu Santo, founder of the Congregation of the Religious of the Virgin Mary.
Marin Hills
The Marin Hills are a series of steep high ridges and peaks in southern Marin County. They are a part of the long Pacific Coast Ranges mountain system. The centerpoint of these hills is the 2,571-foot (784 m) Mount Tamalpais near Mill Valley. The hills are bordered to the north by the Santa Rosa Plain and Laguna de Santa Rosa; to the east by the San Pablo Bay, the northern arm of San Francisco Bay; to the south by the Golden Gate Strait; and  to the west by the San Andreas Fault, running through Tomales Bay, Olema Valley, Bolinas Lagoon, and Stinson Beach. Parts of the hills are protected for their scenic beauty by Mount Tamalpais State Park and the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. The many ridges and peaks of these hills form a dramatic backdrop to the Golden Gate Bridge, the San Francisco skyline, and several towns around Richardson Bay when viewed from the south.

Golden Gate
The Golden Gate is a strait on the west coast of North America that connects San Francisco Bay to the Pacific Ocean. It is defined by the headlands of the San Francisco Peninsula and the Marin Peninsula, and, since 1937, has been spanned by the Golden Gate Bridge. The entire shoreline and adjacent waters throughout the strait are managed by the Golden Gate National Recreation Area.
Bucerdea Grânoasă
Bucerdea Grânoasă (German: Burhardsdorf; Hungarian: Búzásbocsárd) is a commune located in Alba County, Transylvania, Romania. It has a population of 2,169 (as of 2021). It is composed of four villages: Bucerdea Grânoasă, Cornu (Kornujalja), Pădure (Székelyhegytanya), and Pânca. These were part of Crăciunelu de Jos Commune until 2006, when they were split off.

The commune is located in the southeastern corner of the Transylvanian Plateau, about 3 km (1.9 mi) north of the Târnava River and 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Blaj.

The Bucerdea Grânoasă train station serves Line 300 of the CFR network, which runs from Bucharest to Blaj to Teiuș and then towards the Hungarian border. A rail crash occurred here in the morning of October 7, 1968: due to a signalman's error, a fast passenger train collided head-on with a local train; 22 people were killed, and 72 seriously injured. This was Romania's second railway accident in number of victims after the Ciurea rail disaster of 1917.

Căile Ferate Române Line 300
Line 300 is one of Căile Ferate Române's main lines in Romania, having a total length of 647 kilometres (402 mi). The main line, connecting Bucharest with the Hungarian border near Oradea, passes through Ploiești, Brașov, Sighișoara, Teiuș, and Cluj-Napoca. The section between Bucharest and Ploiești is shared with CFR line 500.

Line 300 makes up part of the TEN-T Rhine–Danube Corridor. In this context, the line is to be greatly upgraded, improving speed, capacity and interoperability (train lengths, ERTMS).

The section between Câmpina and Predeal was upgraded between 2007 and 2011, bringing several improvements to the infrastructure along the route. Between 2012 and 2018, the Coșlariu–Sighișoara section was extensively upgraded to speeds of up to 160 km/h, including the construction of bridges and tunnels to straighten out the alignment of the railway.
Bismarckstraße (Berlin U-Bahn)
Bismarckstraße is a Berlin U-Bahn station on lines U2 and U7, located in the Charlottenburg district. It was opened in 1978 on the eponymous street, a major arterial road named after Otto von Bismarck.

U2 (Berlin U-Bahn)
U2 is a line of the Berlin U-Bahn. The U2 line starts at Pankow S-Bahn station, runs through the eastern city centre (Alexanderplatz) to Potsdamer Platz, the western city centre (Wittenbergplatz, Zoologischer Garten, Theodor-Heuss Platz) and finally to the Ruhleben terminal station.

The U2 has 29 stations and a length of 20.7 kilometers (12.9 mi). Together with the U1, U3, and U4 lines, it was part of the early Berlin U-Bahn network built before 1914. The line between Potsdamer Platz and Zoologischer Garten was the western section of the "stem line" (Stammstrecke), Berlin's first U-Bahn line opened in 1902.
1980 UAE national football team results
This article details the fixtures and results of the UAE national football team in 1980.

The UAE made their first appearance at the Asian Cup finals but failed to get out of the group stages. It was also the first time that the national team had faced opposition outside of West Asia.

United Arab Emirates national football team
The United Arab Emirates national football team (Arabic: منتخب الإمَارَاتُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ الْمُتَّحِدَة لِكُرَّةُ الْقَدَم) represents United Arab Emirates in men's international football and serves under the auspices of the country's Football Association.

It has made one FIFA World Cup appearance in 1990 in Italy and lost all three of its games. United Arab Emirates took fourth place in the 1992 AFC Asian Cup and runner-up in 1996 as host. It won the Arabian Gulf Cup in 2007 and 2013. It finished third in the 2015 AFC Asian Cup and hosted the 2019 edition in which it was eliminated in the semi-finals.
The Love Bug (song)
"The Love Bug", stylised as "the Love Bug", is a song recorded by Japanese hip-hop duo M-Flo for their third studio album, Astromantic (2004). It was written, arranged, and produced by Verbal and Taku Takahashi who compose the duo and features South Korean singer BoA as the accompanying vocalist. It was released on March 17, 2004, and was distributed by Rhythm Zone in two physical formats: a standard CD single and a limited edition vinyl. In its bass line, the song samples "Give Me Your Love" (1981) by American jazz vocalist Sylvia Striplin. Following its release, "The Love Bug" peaked at number eight on the Oricon Singles Chart and sold over 56,000 copies.

Japanese hip-hop
Japanese hip hop is hip hop music from Japan. It began in the early 1980s with Yellow Magic Orchestra and Hiroshi Fujiwara. Japanese hip hop tends to be most directly influenced by old school hip hop, taking from the era's catchy beats, dance culture and overall fun and carefree nature and incorporating it into their music. As a result, hip hop stands as one of the most commercially viable mainstream music genres in Japan and the line between it and pop music is frequently blurred.
Two Tribes (company)
Two Tribes B.V. is an independent video game developer based in Harderwijk, Netherlands. Founded in 2001 by Martijn Reuvers and Collin van Ginkel, it develops its own intellectual property and games for franchises. The office closed in September 2016, after the release of Rive, but Two Tribes continues development of the Nintendo Switch version of Rive, as well as supporting older games.

The Game Factory
The Game Factory was a Danish video game publisher operating in Europe and North America. The Game Factory was founded in 2004 and fully owned by K.E. Mathiasen A/S, with headquarters just outside Aarhus, Denmark. Its titles were distributed either by the company's own sales force in Scandinavia, their parent company K.E. Media or from their two fully owned subsidiaries in Santa Monica, California and London, England.

Their final known release was Rubik's World for the Nintendo DS and Wii on November 4, 2008. Both their American and European websites lay dormant until July 2012 when their hosting expired. Their domains eventually followed.
Phil Garthwaite
Phil Garthwaite (born October 6, 1972) is a Democratic former member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing the 49th Assembly District from 2006 until his defeat in 2010. He was a member of the Committees on Agriculture, Transportation, Rural Affairs, and Rural Economic Development and the Council on Highway Safety.

Garthwaite attended UW-River Falls. He is a graduate of Continental Auctioneers University in Mankato, MN and Madison Media Institute. He is a former radio director and on-air personality. He is also a farmer manager and member of the National Association of Farm Broadcasting and the National Dairy Shrine.

He was defeated for re-election by Travis Tranel in 2010.

National Dairy Shrine
The National Dairy Shrine is an American dairying group founded in 1949 and based in Wisconsin. The shrine promotes the dairy industry and records its history. As of 2007, the organization had over 18,000 members from most facets of dairying. It holds an annual ceremony where it inducts members of the dairy industry into its hall of fame.
Sri Fatmawati
Sri Fatmawati (born 7 June 1999) is an Indonesian badminton player from Jaya Raya Jakarta badminton club. She started her career as a badminton player when she was in the grade eight junior high school, and joined Pelatcab Abadi Probolinggo. Fatmawati who came from Tamansari village in Dringu, Probolinggo, represented East Java competed at the 2014 National Youth Games and won the gold medal in the singles event. She won her first senior international title at the 2016 Bahrain International tournament.

In 2022, she participated in the ASEAN University Games and won a gold medal in the women's singles and a silver medal in the women's team.

Bahrain International Challenge
Bahrain International Challenge is an open international badminton tournament in Bahrain established in 2008. This tournament presented by the Bahrain Badminton and Squash Federation, and sanctioned by Badminton World Federation and Badminton Asia. This tournament has been a BWF International Challenge level, and a part of Bahrain International Badminton Festival. Another tournament on Bahrain Festival is Bahrain International Series.
Li Meng (basketball)
Li Meng (Chinese: 李梦, born 2 January 1995) is a Chinese professional basketball player for Sichuan Yuanda of the Women's Chinese Basketball Association (WCBA.) She has also represented the Chinese national team, where she participated at the 2014, 2018 FIBA World Championship, and 2022 FIBA World Championship.

China women's national basketball team
The China women's national basketball team represents the People's Republic of China in international women's basketball tournaments. The national team is governed by the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA).
Bill Horne
William H. Horne (born March 28, 1948) is a Canadian politician. He was elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly in the 2013 provincial election. A member of the Nova Scotia Liberal Party, he represented the electoral district of Waverley-Fall River-Beaver Bank.

Horne graduated from Saint Mary's University in 1972 with a Bachelor of Science.

Nova Scotia Liberal Party
The Nova Scotia Liberal Party (officially the Liberal Association of Nova Scotia) is a centrist provincial political party in Nova Scotia, Canada and the provincial section of the Liberal Party of Canada. The party currently holds two seats in the Legislature, under the interim leadership of Iain Rankin. The party was in power most recently from the 2013 election until the 2021 election.

The party is the only party in the province with uninterrupted presence in the legislature since confederation. It has formed the Government of Nova Scotia for 90 of the approximately 160 years since it became a province of Canada. It won 25 of the province's 42 elections, but was supplanted by the Nova Scotia New Democratic Party as the official opposition for three consecutive elections in 1999, 2003 and 2006, and again in the most recent election in 2024.
Kutateladze
Kutateladze (Georgian: ქუთათელაძე) is a Georgian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Apollon Kutateladze (1900–1972), Georgian and Soviet painter

Guram Kutateladze (1924–1979), Georgian painter

Guram  Kutateladze (MMA fighter) (born 1992), Swedish-Georgian mixed martial arts fighter

Natalia Kutateladze (born 1992), Georgian mezzo-soprano

Nikoloz Kutateladze (born 2001), Georgian footballer

Samson Kutateladze (1914–1986), Soviet physicist

Samson Kutateladze (brigadier general) (1964–2018), Georgian businessman, politician, and military officer

Semyon Kutateladze (1945–2025), Russian mathematician

Guram Kutateladze
Guram (Khita) Kutateladze (Georgian: გურამ (ხიტა) ქუთათელაძე; March 29, 1924 – November 29, 1979) was a 20th-century Georgian painter. He received numerous honors including the title Honoured Artist of the Georgian SSR and the Rustaveli Prize. He studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture (1940-1942, 1946) and the Tbilisi State Academy of Arts (1942-1946).
Jessel baronets
There have been two baronetcies created for members of the Jessel family, both in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. One creation is extant as of 2012.

The Jessel Baronetcy, of Ladham House in the parish of Goudhurst in the County of Kent, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 25 May 1883 for Charles Jessel, in honour of his father, the prominent lawyer and judge Sir George Jessel, Master of the Rolls from 1873 to 1883. The first Baronet was later High Sheriff of Kent in 1903.

The Jessel Baronetcy, of Westminster in the County of London, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom in 1917 for the politician Herbert Jessel, second son of Sir George Jessel and younger brother of the first Baronet of the 1883 creation. He was elevated to the peerage as Baron Jessel in 1924 (see this title for more information).

High Sheriff of Kent
The high sheriff is the oldest secular office under the Crown (prior to 1974 the office previously known as sheriff). Formerly the high sheriff was the principal law enforcement officer in the county but over the centuries most of the responsibilities associated with the post have been transferred elsewhere or are now obsolete, so that its functions are now largely ceremonial.  The high sheriff changes every March. The current High Sheriff is Jonathan Neame.

This is a list of high sheriffs of Kent.
Middle-range theory (archaeology)
In archaeology, middle-range theory refers to theories linking human behaviour and natural processes to physical remains in the archaeological record. It allows archaeologists to make inferences in the other direction: from archaeological finds in the present to behaviours in the past. Middle range theories are derived from ethnoarchaeology and experimental research in combination with the study of taphonomic processes.

Taphonomy
Taphonomy is the study of how organisms decay and become fossilized or preserved in the paleontological record. The term taphonomy (from Greek táphos, τάφος 'burial' and nomos, νόμος 'law') was introduced to paleontology in 1940 by Soviet scientist Ivan Efremov to describe the study of the transition of remains, parts, or products of organisms from the biosphere to the lithosphere.

The term taphomorph is used to describe fossil structures that represent poorly-preserved, deteriorated remains of a mixture of taxonomic groups, rather than of a single one.