hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bremen–Bremerhaven railway
The Bremen–Bremerhaven railway line is a railway line connecting the German cities Bremen and Bremerhaven. It is an entirely two-track and electrified mainline railway that is operated Deutsche Bahn. It is designed for speeds of up to 160 km/h. In section from Bremen Hauptbahnhof to Bremerhaven Hauptbahnhof is 62.0 km long, but its extension via Bremerhaven-Lehe to the Bremerhaven-Speckenbüttel marshalling yard and on to Columbus quay is also often included. The most important intermediate station is Osterholz-Scharmbeck, where Regional-Express trains also stop.

The line was fully opened on 23 January 1862 jointly by the Royal Hanoverian State Railways and Bremen. Today it mostly sees freight traffic and local passenger trains. The last long-distance trains were InterRegio trains on the line Cuxhaven-Luxembourg that were discontinued in 2001.

Glossary of rail transport terms
Rail transport terms are a form of technical terminology applied to railways. Although many terms are uniform across different nations and companies, they are by no means universal, with differences often originating from parallel development of rail transport systems in different parts of the world, and in the national origins of the engineers and managers who built the inaugural rail infrastructure. An example is the term railroad, used (but not exclusively) in North America, and railway, generally used in English-speaking countries outside North America and by the International Union of Railways. In English-speaking countries outside the United Kingdom, a mixture of US and UK terms may exist.

Various terms, both global and specific to individual countries, are listed here. The abbreviation "UIC" refers to terminology adopted by the International Union of Railways in its official publications and thesaurus.
Watershed Trail
The Watershed Trail is a 1.3-mile-long (2.1 km) rail trail in Edwardsville, Illinois, that follows an old section of Illinois Terminal Railroad tracks.

The eastern end of the trail is near downtown Edwardsville at West High Street just west of North 2nd Street. For much of its length, Watershed Trail follows along the south border of the Watershed Nature Center, a 40-acre (16 ha) protected wetland habitat in Edwardsville. The western end of the trail is at the junction with the Madison County Transit Goshen Trail. This intersection is near the Cahokia Creek Bridge, a Warren deck truss structure that sits at least 40 feet (12 m) above Cahokia Creek.

Watershed Trail is owned and maintained by Madison County Transit.

Illinois Terminal Railroad
The Illinois Terminal Railroad Company (reporting mark ITC), known as the Illinois Traction System until 1937, was a heavy duty interurban electric railroad with extensive passenger and freight business in central and southern Illinois from 1896 to 1956. When Depression era Illinois Traction was in financial distress and had to reorganize, the Illinois Terminal name was adopted to reflect the line's primary money making role as a freight interchange link to major steam railroads at its terminal ends, Peoria, Danville, and St. Louis. Interurban passenger service slowly was reduced, ending in 1956. Freight operation continued but was hobbled by tight street running in some towns requiring very sharp radius turns. In 1956, ITC was absorbed by a consortium of connecting railroads.
Ashton, Herefordshire
Ashton is a village in the Eye, Moreton and Ashton civil parish of Herefordshire, England, and is 3 miles (5 km) north from Leominster, 15 miles (24 km) north from the city and county town of Hereford, and in the catchment area of the River Lugg. The village is on the A49 road; to the north is Brimfield. Bordering the village to the south-west is Berrington Hall.

Recorded in the Domesday Book, Ashton was in the hundred of Leominster. In the National Gazetteer of Britain and Ireland of 1868 it was listed as in the hundred of Wolphy.

Leominster
Leominster (/ˈlɛmstər/ ⓘ LEM-stər) is a market town in Herefordshire, England; it is located at the confluence of the River Lugg and its tributary the River Kenwater. The town is 12 miles (19 kilometres) north of Hereford and 7 miles (11 kilometres) south of Ludlow in Shropshire. With a population of almost 12,000, Leominster is the largest of the five towns in the county; the others being Ross-on-Wye, Ledbury, Bromyard and Kington.

From 1974 to 1996, Leominster was the administrative centre for the former local government district of Leominster.
Central Zone of São Paulo
The Central Zone (Portuguese: Zona Central de São Paulo) is an administrative zone of the city of São Paulo, Brazil.

One of the largest commercial and business districts in South America, the region is administered by the subprefecture of Sé. It is not concurrent, although often confused, with the regions known as Centro Expandido ("Expanded Center"), a broader area used by the city government for urban planning and road space rationing actions and Centro Histórico de São Paulo ("Historic Center of São Paulo"), which, as the name implies, includes only the oldest part of the central region.

Subdivisions of São Paulo
São Paulo in Brazil is a large metropolitan city that has several levels of subdivision.  Administratively, the municipality is divided into 32 boroughs, each in turn divided into 96 wards (distritos, or districts).  Locally, wards may contain one or more neighborhoods (bairros).
SS Laura (1908)
Laura was an 842 GRT coaster that was built in 1908 by Kjøbenhavns Flydedok & Skibsværft, Copenhagen, Denmark for Danish owners. She was captured in 1917 by UC-79 and passed to German owners as a prize of war.

A sale in 1935 saw her renamed Sylt. She was seized by the Allies in May 1945, passed to the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) and was renamed Empire Continent., then Master Nicholas following a sale in 1947. In 1952, she was sold to Greece and renamed Soussana II. A further sale in 1955 saw her renamed Georgios Matsas.

On 18 April 1955, she struck a reef off Muros, Spain and sank. Although Georgios Matsas was refloated two months later, she was declared a constructive total loss. Despite this, she was sold to Panama, repaired and renamed Sur, serving until 1965 when she was scrapped.

Prize (law)
In admiralty law, prizes (from the Old French prise, "taken, seized") are equipment, vehicles, vessels, and cargo captured during armed conflict. The most common use of prize in this sense is the capture of an enemy ship and its cargo as a prize of war. In the past, the capturing force would commonly be allotted a share of the worth of the captured prize. Nations often granted letters of marque that would entitle private parties to capture enemy property, usually ships. Once the ship was secured on friendly territory, it would be made the subject of a prize case: an in rem proceeding in which the court determined the status of the condemned property and the manner in which the property was to be disposed of.
George L. Tews
George L. Tews (September 25, 1883 – 1936) was a machinist, businessman and real estate broker from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, who served three non-continuous terms (1915–1916; 1927–1928; and 1931–32) as a Socialist member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

Real estate agent
Real estate agents and real estate brokers are people who represent sellers or buyers of real estate or real property. While a broker may work independently, an agent usually works under a licensed broker to represent clients. Brokers and agents are licensed by the state to negotiate sales agreements and manage the documentation required for closing real estate transactions.
The Mayor of McLellan, Florida
The Mayor of McLellan, Florida is a studio album by American country music singer–songwriter Hank Locklin. It was released in November 1972 via RCA Victor Records. Consisting of ten tracks, the album was co-produced by Chet Atkins, Jerry Bradley, Danny Davis and Ronny Light. It was Locklin's final studio release for the RCA Victor label and contained among his final single releases.

Danny Davis and the Nashville Brass
Danny Davis and the Nashville Brass was an American country music band. They were founded by bandleader Danny Davis (May 29, 1925 – June 12, 2008) a trumpeter, vocalist, and producer. The Nashville Brass were founded in 1968 and recorded a variety of projects between then and the 1980s, including collaborations with Willie Nelson and Hank Locklin. Other members of the band included Floyd Cramer, Buddy Harmon, John Hartford, Grady Martin, Bob Moore, and Bobby Thompson.
The Antagonists (Haggard novel)
The Antagonists is a 1964 suspense novel by the British author William Haggard published in England by Cassell and in the United States by Ives Washburn. It was Haggard's sixth of 21 books involving his protagonist Colonel Charles Russell, the urbane head of the unobtrusive but lethal Security Executive, a government counter-intelligence agency clearly based on the actual MI5 or Security Service, where he moves easily and gracefully along C. P. Snow's Corridors of Power in Whitehall. Like Haggard's earlier books it has standard elements of suspense thrillers along with detailed examinations of character, but in this case with more scenes of direct action and somewhat less dissection of character and motivation than in the first three books.

C. P. Snow
Charles Percy Snow, Baron Snow (15 October 1905 – 1 July 1980) was an English novelist and physical chemist who also served in several important positions in the British Civil Service and briefly in the UK government. He is best known for his series of novels known collectively as Strangers and Brothers, and for "The Two Cultures", a 1959 lecture in which he laments the gulf between scientists and "literary intellectuals".
Robert Shope
Robert Ellis Shope (February 21, 1929 – January 19, 2004) was an American virologist, epidemiologist and public health expert, particularly known for his work on arthropod-borne viruses and emerging infectious diseases. He discovered more novel viruses than any person previously, including members of the Arenavirus, Hantavirus, Lyssavirus and Orbivirus genera of RNA viruses. He researched significant human diseases, including dengue, Lassa fever, Rift Valley fever, yellow fever, viral hemorrhagic fevers and Lyme disease. He had an encyclopedic knowledge of viruses, and curated a global reference collection of over 5,000 viral strains. He was the lead author of a groundbreaking report on the threat posed by emerging infectious diseases, and also advised on climate change and bioterrorism.

RNA virus
An RNA virus is a virus characterized by a ribonucleic acid (RNA) based genome. The genome can be single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) or double-stranded (dsRNA). Notable human diseases caused by RNA viruses include influenza, SARS, MERS, COVID-19, Dengue virus, hepatitis C, hepatitis E, West Nile fever, Ebola virus disease, rabies, polio, mumps, and measles.

All RNA viruses use a homologous RNA-dependent polymerase for replication and are categorized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) into the realm Riboviria. This includes viruses belonging to Group III, Group IV, Group V, and Group VI of the Baltimore classification system. Group VI comprises the retroviruses, which have RNA genetic material but use DNA intermediates in their life cycle. Riboviria does not include viroids and satellite nucleic acids: Deltavirus, Avsunviroidae, and Pospiviroidae are taxa that were mistakenly included in 2019, but this was corrected in 2020.
Great dodecahedron
In geometry, the great dodecahedron is one of four Kepler–Poinsot polyhedra. It is composed of 12 pentagonal faces (six pairs of parallel pentagons), intersecting each other making a pentagrammic path, with five pentagons meeting at each vertex.

Pentagon
In geometry, a pentagon (from Greek  πέντε (pente) 'five' and  γωνία (gonia) 'angle') is any five-sided polygon or 5-gon.  The sum of the internal angles in a simple pentagon is 540°.

A pentagon may be simple or self-intersecting. A self-intersecting regular pentagon (or star pentagon) is called a pentagram.
Sabur al-Saqlabi
Sabur al-Saqlabi (died 1022) was a non-Arab freedman who became the first taifa king of Badajoz.

Originally a palatial slave, he was freed by Al-Hakam II. The al-Saqlabi from his name means "the Slavic". He is theorized to perhaps have a Persian background, due to Sabur being the arabization of the Persian name Sapor. He was sent by Hisham II's hadjib Al Mansur to rule as wali of the western province of al-Andalus (Al-Gharb). He proclaimed himself independent amid the fitna of al-Andalus (1009–1031). Sabur, traditionally loyal to the Umayyads, may have self-proclaimed once the Umayyad caliph was routed by the Hammudids (1016). Other sources point to 1009 or 1013. Following his death in 1022, his Aftasid visir, Abd Allah, seized power in the taifa.

Gharb al-Andalus
Gharb al-Andalus (Arabic: غرب الأندلس, romanized: gharb al-ʼandalus, lit. 'west of al-Andalus'), or just al-Gharb (Arabic: الغرب, romanized: al-gharb, lit. 'the west'), was the name given by the Muslims of Iberia to the region of southern modern-day Portugal and part of western-central modern day Spain during their rule of the territory, from 711 to 1249. This period started with the fall of the Visigothic kingdom after Tariq ibn-Ziyad's invasion of Iberia and the establishment of the Umayyad control in the territory. The present day Algarve derives its name from this Arabic name. The region had a population of about 500,000 people.
Figen Yüksekdağ
Figen Yüksekdağ Şenoğlu (born 19 December 1971) is a Turkish politician and journalist, who was a former co-leader of the left-wing Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) of Turkey from 2014 to 2017, serving alongside Selahattin Demirtaş. She was a Member of Parliament for Van since the June 2015 general election until her parliamentary membership was revoked by the courts on 21 February 2017. Her party membership and therefore her co-leadership position were revoked by the courts on 9 March 2017 following a six-year prison sentence for distributing "terrorist propaganda".

In May 2024, she was sentenced to 30 years and three months in prison. HDP leader Selahattin Demirtaş was sentenced to over 40 years in prison.

Van (electoral district)
Van is an electoral district of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. It elects eight members of parliament (deputies) to represent the province of the same name for a four-year term by the D'Hondt method, a party-list proportional representation system.
Die Zähmung der Hydra
Die Zähmung der Hydra is a 2012 German hip-hop album by Shaban & Käptn Peng. It was released in April 2012 by the independent label Kreismusik. It was the duo's only album, though they went on to produce two other albums in 2013 and 2017 as the band Käptn Peng & Die Tentakel von Delphi. The album received praise for its themes and wordplay.

German hip-hop
German hip-hop (locally known as Deutschrap) refers to hip hop music in the German language. Elements of American hip hop culture, such as graffiti art and breakdancing, diffused into Western Europe in the early 1980s.
Ernst Bogislaw von Croÿ
Ernst Bogislaw von Croÿ (26 August 1620, in Finstingen (Fénétrange) – 7 February 1684, in Königsberg) was a Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Cammin and official in the service of Brandenburg-Prussia.

Diocesan administrator
A diocesan administrator (also known as archdiocesan administrator, archiepiscopal administrator and eparchial administrator for the case, respectively, of an archdiocese, archeparchy, and eparchy) is a provisional ordinary of a Catholic particular church.
2019 La Drôme Classic
The 2019 La Drôme Classic was the sixth edition of the La Drôme Classic cycle race. It was held on 3 March 2019 as a category 1.1 race on the 2019 UCI Europe Tour. The race started and finished in Livron-sur-Drôme.

The race was won by French rider Alexis Vuillermoz of AG2R La Mondiale, ahead of fellow French riders Valentin Madouas of Groupama–FDJ and Warren Barguil of Arkéa–Samsic.

Warren Barguil
Warren Barguil (French: [waʁɛn baʁgil]; born 28 October 1991) is a French cyclist who rides for UCI WorldTeam Team Picnic–PostNL. He is best known for winning two mountain stages and the mountains classification of the 2017 Tour de France.
Li Dezhu
Li Dezhu (Chinese: 李德洙; Korean: 리덕수; born November 1943) is a Chinese politician of Korean ethnicity who served as director of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission from 1998 to 2008.

He was an alternate member of the 12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and a member of the 13th, 14th, 15th and 16th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a representative of the 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th and 17th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a member of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
The 15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was held in Beijing between September 12 and 18, 1997. It was preceded by the 14th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and was followed by the 16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. 2,048 delegates and 60 specially invited delegates represented the party's estimated 59 million members.

The congress elected a 344-member 15th CCP Central Committee, as well as a 115-member Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI). This change in membership made the new average age of the CCP 55 and percentage of members holding university or college level education 92.4%. Jiang Zemin was reappointed CCP General Secretary and Chairman of the Central Military Commission.
San Bernardino da Siena, Carpi
San Bernardino da Siena and the adjacent Capuchin order Monastery are a Roman Catholic, Baroque style church and convent respectively, located on Via Trento Trieste 20 in central Carpi, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. San Bernardino da Siena is the patron saint of Carpi.

Bernardino of Siena
Bernardino of Siena, OFM (Bernardine or Bernadine; 8 September 1380 – 20 May 1444), was an Italian Catholic priest and Franciscan missionary preacher in Italy. He was a systematizer of scholastic economics.

His preaching, his book burnings, and his "bonfires of the vanities" established his reputation in his own lifetime; they were frequently directed against gambling, infanticide, sorcery/witchcraft, sodomy (male homosexuality), Jews, Gypsies, usury, and the like.

Bernardino was canonized by Pope Nicholas V in 1450 and is referred to as "the Apostle of Italy" within the Roman Catholic church for his efforts to revive the country's Catholicism during the 15th century.
Asian Young Researchers Conference on Computational and Omics Biology
The Asian Young Researchers Conference on Computational and Omics Biology (AYRCOB) is a conference series for young researchers and students who are conducting their research in the fields of computational, omics and systems biology in Asia. The main objectives of AYRCOB are to promote international exchange among young researchers in Asia and to deliver lectures given by leading researchers. One of unique characteristics of AYRCOB is that the conference itself is organized by young researchers (graduate students and post-doctoral fellows). From the outstanding performance of young students, the Dean Prize of the Graduate School of Frontier Sciences by the University of Tokyo has been awarded to the committee in 2009 and 2011 respectively.

In 2016 and 2017, AYRCOB was held jointly with the International Conference on Genome Informatics Workshop (GIW).

Biopolis
Biopolis is a research and development centre for biomedical sciences in Singapore. It is located at one-north in Buona Vista, and is close to the National University of Singapore, the Singapore Polytechnic, the Singapore Institute of Technology, the National University Hospital, the Singapore Science Park, Ministry of Education, ESSEC Business School, INSEAD Business School, and Fusionopolis. This campus is dedicated to providing space for biomedical research and development activities and promoting peer review and collaboration among the private and public scientific community.
Anke Kühne
Anke Kühne (née Kühn, born 28 February 1981) is a field hockey player from Germany, who played for the German national team and won the gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. She is married to German sculler Tobias Kühne. She has represented Germany in 181 matches.

Kühne began her career with TSV Engensen alongside Kerstin Hoyer, also on the national team, and played there from 1985 to 1991. She went on to play for HC Hannover and remained there from 1991 to 1992. From 1992 to 1997, she played for DTV Hannover. Since 1997, she has been playing for Eintracht Braunschweig in the first and second Bundesliga.

Sculling
Sculling is the use of oars to propel a boat by moving them through the water on both sides of the craft, or moving one oar over the stern. A long, narrow boat with sliding seats, rigged with two oars per rower may be referred to as a scull, its oars may be referred to as sculls and a person rowing it referred to as sculler.

Sculling is distinguished from sweep rowing, whereby each boat crew member employs an oar, complemented by another crew member on the opposite side with an oar, usually with each pulling it with two hands and from stern sculling, which uses an oar to propel a vessel with side-to-side movements from the stern.
Minnesota's 1st Senate district
The 1st Senate district of Minnesota is one of 67 districts in the Minnesota Senate. Located in northwest Minnesota, the district comprises all of Kittson, Marshall, Norman,Pennington, Polk, Red Lake, and Roseau counties, as well as Felton, Hagen, and Ulen townships in Clay County. It is currently represented by Republican Mark Johnson, who has been in office since 2017.

Norman County, Minnesota
Norman County is a county in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,441, and was estimated to be 6,284 in 2024. The county seat and the largest city is Ada. The county is in Minnesota's Red River Valley region.
Nova Scotia Association of Architects
The Nova Scotia Association of Architects (NSAA) is a professional association that regulates the practice of architecture in Nova Scotia, Canada. It was founded in 1932 and is empowered by the provincial Architects Act. The organisation is headquartered on Barrington Street in Halifax.

The NSAA administers the Lieutenant Governor Design Awards in Architecture, the premier architectural awards in the province.

Professional association
A professional association (also called  a professional body, professional organization, or professional society) is a group that usually seeks to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals and organisations engaged in that profession, and the public interest. In the United States, such an association is typically a nonprofit business league for tax purposes. In the UK, they may take a variety of legal forms.
Bošnjaci zajedno!
Bosniaks Together! – National Coordination of Bosniaks in Croatia (Croatian: Bošnjaci zajedno! – Nacionalna koordinacija Bošnjaka u Hrvatskoj) is a big-tent political party representing the Bosniak minority in Croatia.

The party was founded to support the candidacy of Armin Hodžić in the 2024 Croatian parliamentary election. Rather than competing as separate parties in the election, nearly all Bosniak groups collaborated in the effort to elect a member of Parliament.

The party is currently led by President of the Bosniak National Council and Member-elect of the Croatian-Parliament, Armin Hodžić. Meanwhile, the party's president is Bermin Meškić.

Big tent
A big tent party, or catch-all party, is a political party having members covering a broad spectrum of beliefs. This is in contrast to other kinds of parties, which defend a determined ideology, seek voters who adhere to that ideology, and attempt to convince people towards it.