hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chemical oscillator
In chemistry, a chemical oscillator is a complex mixture of reacting chemical compounds in which the concentration of one or more components exhibits periodic changes. They are a class of reactions that serve as an example of non-equilibrium thermodynamics with far-from-equilibrium behavior. The reactions are theoretically important in that they show that chemical reactions do not have to be dominated by equilibrium thermodynamic behavior.

In cases where one of the reagents has a visible color, periodic color changes can be observed. Examples of oscillating reactions are the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction (BZ reaction), the Briggs–Rauscher reaction, and the Bray–Liebhafsky reaction.

Periodic function
A periodic function is a function that repeats its values at regular intervals. For example, the trigonometric functions, which are used to describe waves and other repeating phenomena, are periodic. Many aspects of the natural world have periodic behavior, such as the phases of the Moon, the swinging of a pendulum, and the beating of a heart.

The length of the interval over which a periodic function repeats is called its period. Any function that is not periodic is called aperiodic.
Floyd County Productions
Floyd County Productions is an American animation studio located in Atlanta, Georgia. It produces the animated TV shows Archer, Hit-Monkey, Unsupervised, Chozen, and Dicktown in addition to providing animation for various live-action shows (including the television shows Atlanta, Legion, Fargo, Goliath and It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia).

Floyd County's longest-running show Archer has received positive reviews from critics and won awards, including four Primetime Emmy Awards, four Critics Choice Awards, and three Clio Awards. The series has also received 15 Annie Award nominations, among others, for outstanding achievement in animation, writing, direction, and voice acting.

Annie Awards
The Annie Awards are accolades which the Los Angeles branch of the International Animated Film Association, ASIFA-Hollywood, has presented each year since 1972 to recognize excellence in animation shown in American cinema and television. Originally designed to celebrate lifetime or career contributions to animation, the award has been given to individual works since 1992, becoming the biggest awards ceremony in the United States for the animation industry.

Membership in ASIFA-Hollywood is divided into three main categories: General Member (for professionals), Patron (for enthusiasts of animation), and Student Member. Members in each category pay a fee to belong to the branch. Selected professional members of the branch are permitted to vote to decide the awards.

The 48th and 49th Annie Awards ceremonies were held virtually on April 16, 2021, and March 12, 2022, respectively, due to the then ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Kaplan Financial Education
Kaplan Financial Education is part of Kaplan University School of Professional and Continuing Education, based in  La Crosse, Wisconsin. Kaplan Financial Education is a consortium of numerous financial services training and publishing companies providing insurance and securities licensing exam preparation, along with continuing education. It is a subsidiary of Graham Holdings Company.

Test preparation
Test preparation (abbreviated test prep) or exam preparation is an educational course, tutoring service, educational material, or a learning tool designed to increase students' performance on standardized tests. Examples of these tests include entrance examinations used for admissions to institutions of higher education, such as college (e.g. the SAT and ACT), business school (the GMAT), law school (the LSAT or LNAT), medical school (the MCAT), BMAT, UKCAT and GAMSAT and graduate school (the GRE) and qualifying examinations for admission to gifted education programs.
Zachativka, Horlivka Raion, Donetsk Oblast
Zachativka (Ukrainian: Зача́тівка) is a rural settlement in Shakhtarsk urban hromada, Horlivka Raion, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine.

According to the 2001 Ukrainian census, the settlement had a population of 568, of whom natively 26.58% spoke Ukrainian, 72.18% spoke Russian, 0.53% spoke Moldovan (Romanian) and 0.18% spoke Greek.

Rural settlement
The definition of a rural settlement depends on the country, in some countries, a rural settlement is any settlement in the areas defined as rural by a governmental office, e.g., by the national census bureau. This may include even rural towns. In some others, rural settlements traditionally do not include towns.

Common types of rural settlements are villages, hamlets, and farms. They may be dispersed.

Traditionally, rural settlements were associated with agriculture. In modern times other types of rural communities have been developed.

The settlement where the occupation of majority of people relate to the local natural resources are called rural settlement for example, (1) settlement of fisheries along a sea coast, (2) settlement of tribal people in a forest area and (3) settlement of farmers along the banks of rivers.

Rural settlements show the reciprocal relationship of human occupance features and environment.
No. 1 Snehatheeram Bangalore North
No. 1 Snehatheeram Bangalore North is a 1995 Malayalam family drama film, written by Fazil, directed by Sathyan Anthikkad, and produced by Khais, starring Mammootty and Priya Raman, supported by Innocent, Thilakan, Oduvil Unnikrishnan and Sukumari.

Oduvil Unnikrishnan
Oduvil Unnikrishnan (13 February 1943 – 27 May 2006) was an Indian actor who worked in Malayalam cinema. He portrayed supporting roles in both dramatic and comedic roles. He is a four-time winner of Kerala State Film Awards.
Baron Colchester
Baron Colchester, of Colchester in the County of Essex, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 1 June 1817 for Charles Abbot, Speaker of the House of Commons between 1802 and 1817. He was succeeded by his son, the second Baron. He was a naval commander and Conservative politician. His son, the third Baron, was a barrister, President of the Oxford Union and a Charity Commissioner. He was childless and the title became extinct on his death in 1919.

Oxford Union
The Oxford Union Society is a debating society in the city of Oxford, England, whose membership is drawn primarily from the University of Oxford. Founded in 1823, it is one of Britain's oldest university unions and is widely considered as one of the world's most prestigious private students' societies. The Oxford Union exists independently from the university and is distinct from the Oxford University Student Union.

The Oxford Union has a tradition of hosting some of the world's most prominent individuals across politics, academia, and popular culture ranging from Albert Einstein and Elton John to Sir Winston Churchill, Ronald Reagan, Queen Elizabeth II and Mahathir Mohamad. Many former Presidents of the Union have gone on to hold high office in the UK and the Commonwealth including William Gladstone, Ted Heath, Boris Johnson, and Benazir Bhutto.
Ioan Talpeș
Ioan Talpeș (born 24 August 1944) is a Romanian senator, who previously served as a Romanian Army general, military historian and politician. He served as head of the Romanian Foreign Intelligence Service (SIE) from 1992 to 1997. In 1997–8, Talpeș served as Ambassador to Bulgaria and acted as an advisor to President Ion Iliescu from 1999 to 2000. He is currently an independent Senator representing Caraș-Severin County, having resigned from the Social Democratic Party (PSD) in May 2005 because of a scandal involving the party.

Senate of Romania
The Senate (Romanian: Senat) is the upper house in the bicameral Parliament of Romania. It has 136 seats (before the 2016 parliamentary election the total number of elected representatives was 176), to which members are elected by direct popular vote using party-list proportional representation in 43 electoral districts (the 41 counties, the city of Bucharest plus 1 constituency for the Romanians living abroad), to serve four-year terms.
Jerrod Bettis
Jerrod Bettis, also known as SKINS, is an American music producer, composer, and musician. Bettis has composed songs for Adele, the Lonely Island, Melissa Etheridge, KJ-52, and  Serena Ryder. He has also produced work for artists including Hilary Duff, Gavin DeGraw, Needtobreathe, Birdy, Etheridge, and the Lonely Island.

Bettis has been nominated for an Emmy Award in 2011 for his work on The Lonely Island's "I Just Had Sex". He was the original drummer for pop-rock band OneRepublic from 2002 until his departure in 2005. He was replaced by Eddie Fisher.

Gavin DeGraw
Gavin Shane DeGraw (born February 4, 1977) is an American singer-songwriter. DeGraw rose to fame with his song "I Don't Want to Be" from his debut album Chariot (2003); the song became the main theme song for The WB/CW drama series One Tree Hill. Other notable singles from his debut album were the title track and "Follow Through".

His self-titled second album (2008) was preceded by the top 40-single "In Love with a Girl". His third album, Free (2009), saw a commercial decline and served as his final release with J Records. His fourth album, Sweeter (2011), spawned the hit single "Not Over You", along with "Soldier" and "Sweeter". In 2013, DeGraw released the album Make a Move, while in 2016 he released the album Something Worth Saving.
In 2022, he released Face the River and a documentary on how he made the record and how he dealt with his parents' deaths.

DeGraw's duet with Colbie Caillat on "We Both Know" for the 2013 film Safe Haven received a Grammy Award nomination.
Alain Grandjean
Alain Grandjean (born 1955) is a French economist, climatologist,and businessman. Alongside Jean-Marc Jancovici, he co-founded Carbone 4. Grandjean is a member of the High Council on Climate, and the president of the Fondation pour la nature et l'homme since 2019.

High Council on Climate
The High Council on Climate (French: Haut Conseil pour le Climat ) is an independent executive council in the Government of France announced by Emmanuel Macron in 2018 and created on 14 May 2019. The council is meant to address the countries climate policy, and produce reports on the progress of France towards its climate commitments. The organization was formed separately from the  National Council for Ecological Transition which was formed to create a social dialogue body responding to groups, like the Yellow vests movement.

The current chair of the council is Corinne Le Quéré and the council includes 13 scientists and experts in climate change. The council is inspired by the Committee on Climate Change in the UK.
Petushki, Vladimir Oblast
Petushki (Russian: Петушки́, lit. little roosters) is a town and the administrative center of Petushinsky District in Vladimir Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Klyazma River on the Moscow–Nizhny Novgorod railway and motorway, 67 kilometers (42 mi) west of Vladimir, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 13,317 (2021 Census); 15,148 (2010 Census); 16,482 (2002 Census); 20,144 (1989 Soviet census).

Vladimir Oblast
Vladimir Oblast (Russian: Влади́мирская о́бласть, romanized: Vladimirskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Vladimir, which is located 190 kilometers (120 mi) east of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, the oblast's population was 1,443,693.

The UNESCO World Heritage List includes the 12th-century cathedrals of Vladimir, Suzdal, Bogolyubovo, and Kideksha.
Cassegrain (crater)
Cassegrain is a lunar impact crater that is located on the far side of the Moon, beyond the southeastern limb. It lies to the southeast of the larger crater Lebedev, and to the northeast of the comparably-sized Priestley. It is named after the inventor of the Cassegrain reflector, who was later identified as most likely Laurent Cassegrain.

The interior of this crater has a relatively dark-hued floor, a feature it has in common with other craters to the west and northwest that form part of the Mare Australe. The floor is level and mostly featureless, except for some deposits in the northwest corner. The rim is more heavily worn in the northwest corner than elsewhere, and the remaining inner wall displays a slumped shelf below the rim.

The crater features prominently in the science fiction novel "The Cassandra Project," by Jack McDevitt and Mike Resnick,  Ace Books, New York, 2012.

Mare Australe
Mare Australe /ɔːˈstreɪliː/ (Latin austrāle the "Southern Sea") is a lunar mare located in the southeastern hemisphere of the Moon. It is 997 kilometers in diameter, overlapping the near and far sides of the Moon.  Smooth, dark volcanic basalt lines the bottom of the mare. The Australe basin was formed in the Pre-Nectarian epoch, while the mare material inside formed in the Upper Imbrian epoch. The basin was almost completely destroyed by impacts prior to the appearance of the mare.

Unlike most of the lunar maria, Mare Australe has an uneven surface that is marked by a number of crater impacts. Examples of these include the craters Jenner and Lamb, which are flooded with basaltic lava much like many of the other crater features in this mare. The selenographic coordinates of this mare are 38.9° S, 93.0° E. The eastern half of the mare lies on the far side of the Moon, although it can be viewed in its entirety during periods of favorable libration.
Amauli
Amauli is a village situated in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is one of the 13 block headquarter of Fatehpur District.  Its population is about 15000. There are 50 government and private schools and colleges situated in the 5 km radius of Amauli. One government CHC and many private hospitals are here. There are three branches of nationalized banks located here, these are Punjab National Bank, Bank of Baroda and Central Bank of India. The Postal Index Number (PIN) of Amauli is 212631. All mobile operator services are available here. It is the fourth biggest market of Fatehpur district. It is connected by roadways with all major cities of Uttar Pradesh.

Bank of Baroda
Bank of Baroda (BOB or BoB) is an Indian public sector bank headquartered in Vadodara, Gujarat. It is the second largest public sector bank in India after State Bank of India. Based on 2025 data, it is ranked 455 on the Forbes Global 2000 list.

The Maharaja of Baroda, Sayajirao Gaekwad III, founded the bank on 20 July 1908 in the princely state of Baroda, in Gujarat. The Government of India nationalized the Bank of Baroda, along with 13 other major commercial banks of India, on 19 July 1969 and the bank was designated as a profit-making public sector undertaking (PSU).
Ministry of Agriculture (Russia)
The Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation (Russian: Министерство сельского хозяйства Российской Федерации, romanized: Ministerstvo selskogo khozyaystva Rossiyskoy Federatsii) is a ministry of the Government of Russia responsible for agricultural production, soil conservation, rural development, agricultural market regulation, and financial stabilization of the farm sector.

The Ministry of Agriculture is subdivided into functional departments including the Federal Agency for Fishery and the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Supervision. It was formed from the Russian SFSR branch of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food in 1990 and is headquartered in the Narkomzem Building in Krasnoselsky District, Moscow.

Oksana Lut has been Minister of Agriculture since 14 May 2024.

Federal Agency for Fishery
The Federal Agency for Fishery (Rosrybolovstvo; Russian: Федеральное агентство по рыболовству (Росрыболовство), romanized: Federal'noye agentstvo po rybolovstvu) is a federal body that exercises oversight over fishing and marine life in waters under the territory of the Russian Federation, excluding internal seas as well as the Caspian and Azov seas. It was formed on May 12, 2008 as part of Russia's Ministry of Agriculture.
Swimming at the 2011 Pan American Games – Women's 100 metre freestyle
The Women's 100 metre freestyle swimming event at the 2011 Pan American Games was held on October 19, 2011, in Guadalajara, Mexico.  The defending Pan American Games champion was Arlene Semeco of Venezuela.

This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, both in freestyle.

Arlene Semeco
Arlene Iradie Semeco Arismendi (born January 11, 1984) is a female freestyle swimmer from Venezuela, who represented her native country in three consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 2004. She won two gold medals at the 2007 Pan American Games. She attended the University of Alabama.
The Prostitutes
The Prostitutes are an indie rock band formed in 2004 in Prague, Czech Republic. The original members were singer Adrian T. Bell, guitarist Martin Destroyer (Martin Přikryl), keyboard player Stevie LFO (Martin Převrátil), bass-guitarist Mark Jukebox (Marek Dziuba) and drummer Luk Santiago (Lukáš Přikryl).
The Prostitutes released their first album "Get Me Out of Here" in September 2006.
In December 2006, Mark Jukebox left the band after long-term mutual disagreements. New bass-guitarist Šmity (Martin Chmátal) was on board immediately. Šmity is also known in the Czech Republic for his own band called Roe-Deer. In late 2009, Šmity left the band due to his time-consuming employment as a sound engineer. Adam Piaf, former frontman of the band Fake Tapes, became the new bass-guitarist.

Fender (company)
33°38′46″N 111°53′57″W﻿ / ﻿33.6460322°N 111.899058°W﻿ / 33.6460322; -111.899058

The Fender Musical Instruments Corporation (FMIC, or simply Fender) is an American manufacturer and marketer of musical instruments and amplifiers. Fender produces acoustic guitars, bass amplifiers and public address equipment; however, it is best known for its solid-body electric guitars and bass guitars, particularly the Stratocaster, Telecaster, Jaguar, Jazzmaster, Precision Bass, and the Jazz Bass. Fender also develops digital audio workstation and scorewriter via its subsidiary PreSonus which was acquired in 2021. The company was founded in Fullerton, California, by Clarence Leonidas "Leo" Fender in 1946. Andy Mooney has served as the chief executive officer (CEO) since June 2015; He has now since retired and Edward 'Bud' Cole took Chief Executive Officer in February of 2026.

In January 2020, Servco Pacific became the majority owner after acquiring the shares of TPG Growth.
Toby (film)
Toby is a 2023 Indian Kannada-language action drama film directed by Basil Alchalakkal and produced by Ravi Rai Kalasa. The film stars Raj B. Shetty in the title role, alongside Samyukta Hornad, Chaithra J Achar and Raj Deepak Shetty. The music was composed by Midhun Mukundan, while the cinematography was handled by Praveen Shriyan and editing by Nithin Shetty.

The titular character is based on a 8 page short story by T.K. Dayanand, Raj. B. Shetty retained the attributes of the character from the story and wrote a new script for the film. The film is based in Kumta region of Uttara Kannada district in Kanara.

Toby was released on 25 August 2023 and received positive reviews from critics. The film was dubbed and released in Malayalam by Wayfarer Films on 22 September 2023.
Movie earned 4.3Cr from world wide at the end of its theatrical run and became moderate success in boxoffice.

Uttara Kannada
Uttara Kannada is the fifth largest district in the Indian state of Karnataka, It is bordered by the state of Goa and Belagavi districts to the north, Dharwad District and Haveri District to the east, Shivamogga District, and Udupi District to the south, and the Laccadive Sea to the west. Karwar is the district headquarters, and Sirsi is the major commercial center in the district.
The district's agroclimatic divisions include the coastal plain consisting of Karwar, Ankola, Kumta, Honnavar, Bhatkal taluks and Malenadu consisting of Sirsi, Siddapur, Yellapur, Haliyal, Dandeli, Joida, Mundgod taluks.
Hose House No. 10
Hose House No. 10, also known as Old Hose House No. 10, is a historic fire station located at Evansville, Indiana. The Italianate style brick structure was built in December 1888 to serve the then-northeast side. A tower attached to the building was removed in 1947. In 1977 the fire department moved to a new station on the opposite side of Columbia Street.: 2, 3

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Fire station
A fire station (also called a fire house, fire hall, firemen's hall, or engine house) is a structure or other area for storing firefighting apparatuses such as fire engines and related vehicles, personal protective equipment, fire hoses and other specialized equipment. Fire stations frequently contain working and living space for the firefighters and support staff.

In large U.S. cities, fire stations are often named for the primary fire companies and apparatus housed there, such as "Ladder 49". Other fire stations are named based on the settlement, neighborhood or street where they are located, or given a number.
Kranzberg railway station
Kranzberg railway station is a railway station in Namibia between the towns of Karibib and Usakos. It is part of the TransNamib Railway. At Kranzberg, the railway line from Windhoek splits; one line continues westwards to Swakopmund and Walvis Bay, the other one continues north-eastwards towards Omaruru and Tsumeb.

The Windhoek—Swakopmund line, commissioned during Imperial Germany's colonial rule of German South West Africa, reached Kranzberg in 1902. In 1914, this line was extended to Walvis Bay. In 1906, Kranzberg was connected to Otavi, a line that was later extended to Grootfontein (1908), Outjo (1921), and Oshikango (2004).

Kranzberg is connected to the south and east of Namibia via Windhoek.

Tsumeb
Tsumeb (Otjiherero: Okavisume; Khoekhoe: ǂAixorobes) is a town of around 35,000 inhabitants and the largest town and the former capital of the Oshikoto region in northern Namibia.

Tsumeb, since its founding in 1905, has been primarily a mining town. The town is the site of a deep mine (the lower workings now closed) whose ore deposits with respect to variety, rarity and aesthetics of minerals have been listed among 100 geological heritage sites around the world by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS).
Dunmore Bridge
The Dunmore Bridge is a heritage-listed road bridge that carries Clarence Town Road across the Paterson River in Woodville, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by Percy Allan and built in 1899 by Morpeth contractor, S. McGill. The property is owned by Transport for NSW. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 20 June 2000.

Morpeth, New South Wales
Morpeth is a suburb of the city of Maitland in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. It is on the southern banks of the Hunter River at the border between the City of Maitland and Port Stephens Council LGAs. The major population centre, where almost all residents of the suburb reside, is the historical town of Morpeth which takes its name from Morpeth, Northumberland, near Newcastle upon Tyne, in England.
R. Sundararaj
R. Sundararaj was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from Ottapidaram constituency in the 2016 election.

He was one of the 18 members who were disqualified by Speaker P. Dhanapal as they withdrew support to Chief Minister Edappadi K. Palaniswami and became loyal to rebel leader T.T.V. Dhinakaran and joined his party Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam.

Ottapidaram Assembly constituency
Ottapidaram is one of the 234 state legislative assembly constituencies in Tamil Nadu in southern India. It is also one of the six state legislative assembly constituencies included in Thoothukkudi Lok Sabha constituency. It is one of the oldest assembly segments in Tamil Nadu, having existed since the 1962 election.