hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elias I of Jerusalem
Elias of Jerusalem (d. c. 518) was a bishop and Patriarch of Jerusalem from 494 until he was deposed by Byzantine Emperor Anastasius I in 516 for supporting the decrees of the Council of Chalcedon. Elias was an Arab, by birth, who had been educated in a monastery in Egypt. At the Synod of Sidon (512) he successfully defended, together with Flavian II of Antioch, the dyophysite Christological doctrine proclaimed by the Council of Chalcedon.

Dyophysitism
Dyophysitism (/daɪˈɒfɪsaɪtɪzəm/; from Greek δύο dyo, "two" and φύσις physis, "nature") is the Christological position that Jesus Christ is in two distinct, inseparable natures: divine and human. It is accepted by the majority of Christian denominations, including the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Church of the East, Anglicanism, Methodism, Reformed Christianity and Lutheranism. It is rejected by the Oriental Orthodox churches, who hold to Miaphysitism—that Jesus Christ is of two natures united into one composite nature—while rejecting Monophysitism as heresy along with other extant denominations.

Those who subscribe to the "two natures after the union" formula on either Chalcedonian and Nestorian side were referred to as dyophysites (/daɪˈɒfəsaɪts/). It is related to the doctrine of the hypostatic union and prosopic union.
Simon Courcoul
Simon Courcoul (born 28 December 1995) is a French professional rugby union player. He plays as a prop for the New England Free Jacks in Major League Rugby, previously playing for the Austin Elite, RC Narbonne and Aviron Bayonnais professionally.

RC Narbonne
Racing Club de Narbonne Méditerannée (also known as RCNM) is a French rugby union club that play in the third-level Nationale.

They are based in Narbonne in the Aude département of Occitania. They were founded in 1907. They play at Parc des Sports Et de l'Amitié (capacity 12,000). They wear orange and black.
Cauayan
Cauayan can refer to the following places in the Philippines:

Cauayan, a component city in the province of Isabela, Philippines

Cauayan, a municipality in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines

Cauayan, Negros Occidental
Cauayan, officially the Municipality of Cauayan (Hiligaynon: Banwa sang Cauayan; Tagalog: Bayan ng Cauayan),  is a municipality and the most populous municipality in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 110,899 people.
Criticism of intellectual property in the United Kingdom
This page concerns criticism of United Kingdom copyright law.

Many individuals in the United Kingdom have accused the recent Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 of criminalising file sharing. Section 52 has been abolished from the CDPA.

Also, the UK copyright law is one of the worst, according to Consumer Focus, after the law supposedly criminalized music and CD copying. A 2009 survey by Consumers International looked at intellectual property laws and enforcement practices in 16 countries worldwide.

Consumer Futures
The New National Consumer Council, operating as Consumer Futures, was a non-departmental public body and statutory consumer organisation in England, Wales, Scotland, and, for postal services, Northern Ireland. It was established by the Consumers, Estate Agents and Redress Act 2007, and began operations in 2008 by the merging of Postwatch, Energywatch and the Welsh, Scottish and National Consumer Councils under the Consumer Focus brand.

Following the UK Government's 2010 Spending Review, funding from the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) for Consumer Focus was redirected to the Citizens Advice Bureau service, and in May 2013 Consumer Focus was renamed Consumer Futures. It was abolished as a non-departmental public body on 1 April 2014, when it was merged into Citizens Advice.
Quercinol
Quercinol (a chromene derivative), isolated from the mushroom Fomitopsis quercina, has in vitro anti-inflammatory activity, and inhibits the enzymes cyclooxygenase-2, xanthine oxidase, and horseradish peroxidase.

Horseradish peroxidase
The enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP), found in the roots of horseradish, is  used extensively in biochemistry applications. It is a metalloenzyme with many isoforms, of which the most studied type is C. It catalyzes the oxidation of various organic substrates by hydrogen peroxide.
Tai Fat Hau (constituency)
Tai Fat Hau (Chinese: 大佛口) is a former constituency in the Wan Chai District of Hong Kong. It returned one member of the district council until it was abolished the 2023 electoral reforms.

The constituency loosely covers Wan Chai in Hong Kong Island with the estimated population of 13,170.

Wan Chai District
Wan Chai District is one of the 18 districts of Hong Kong. Of the four on Hong Kong Island, it is north-central, and had 166,695 residents in 2021, an increase from 152,608 residents in 2011. The district has the second-highest educationally qualified residents with the highest-bracket incomes, the lowest population and the third-oldest quotient. It is a relatively affluent district, with one in five persons having liquid assets of more than HKD 1 million.
Germán Briceño
Germán Briceño (born 13 August 1919, date of death unknown) was a Venezuelan sports shooter. He competed in the 100 metre running deer event at the 1956 Summer Olympics.

Germán Briceño is deceased. He was the brother of fellow Venezuelan shooter Humberto Briceño.

Shooting at the 1956 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 meter running deer, single and double shot
The men's 100 meter running deer, single and double shot event was a shooting sports event held as part of the shooting programme of the 1956 Summer Olympics. It was the second and last appearance of the event. The competition was held on 3 and 4 December 1956 at the shooting ranges in Melbourne. 11 shooters from 6 nations competed.
Tormore distillery
57°23′51.0″N 3°24′31.8″W﻿ / ﻿57.397500°N 3.408833°W﻿ / 57.397500; -3.408833

Tormore distillery is a Speyside single malt Scotch whisky distillery located approximately 1 km south of the River Spey. Its water source is the Allt an Torra Mhoir Burn.

It is currently not open to the public

River Spey
The River Spey (Scottish Gaelic: Uisge Spè) is a river in the northeast of Scotland. At 107 mi (172 km) it is the ninth longest river in the United Kingdom and the third longest and fastest-flowing river in Scotland.  It is an important location for the traditions of salmon fishing and whisky production in Scotland.
Torrisdale Bay, Argyll
Torrisdale Bay is a coastal embayment along the east side of the Kintyre Peninsula within Kilbrannan Sound in Scotland. The shoreline of the bay consists partially of a shingle beach. Nearby is located Torrisdale Castle. The villages of Torrisdale and Bridgend lie along Torrisdale Bay with Carradale directly to the north. Bottlenose dolphins and harbor porpoises are often sighted.

Bridgend
Bridgend (English:  /brɪˈdʒɛnd/; Welsh: Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr or just Pen-y-bont, meaning "the end of the bridge on the Ogmore") is a town in the Bridgend County Borough of Wales, 20 miles (32 km) west of Cardiff and 20 miles (32 km) east of Swansea.  The town is named after the medieval bridge over the River Ogmore. The River Ewenny also flows through the town. The population was 49,597 in 2021. Bridgend is within the Cardiff Capital Region which in 2019 had a population of approximately 1.54 million.

Historically a part of Glamorgan, Bridgend has greatly expanded in size since the early 1980s – the 2001 census recorded a population of 39,429 for the town.
CRadP
Chartered Radiation Protection Professional is a professional designation and title, used initially in the United Kingdom from January 2008, for scientists who work in the field of radiation protection.

The grant, in the UK, of a Royal charter in January 2008 to the Society for Radiological Protection (SRP) "assists the Society in its aim to strengthen, maintain and promote standards of competence and recognition of professional progression within the field of radiation protection by enabling qualifying members to use the title “Chartered Radiation Protection Professional”, and the post-nominal letters - (CRadP), subject to the laws of the Society".

Post-nominal letters
Post-nominal letters, also called post-nominal initials, post-nominal titles, designatory letters, or simply post-nominals, are letters placed after a person's name to indicate that the individual holds a position, an academic degree, accreditation, an office, a military decoration, or honour, or is a member of a religious institute or fraternity. An individual may use several different sets of post-nominal letters, but in some contexts it may be customary to limit the number of sets to one or just a few. The order in which post-nominals are listed after a name is based on rules of precedence and what is appropriate for a given situation. Post-nominal letters are one of the main types of name suffix. In contrast, pre-nominal letters precede the name rather than follow it, such as addressing a physician or professor as "Dr. Smith".
Susanne Kasperczyk
Susanne Stephanie Kasperczyk (born 1 August 1985) is a German footballer who played as a left-back or midfielder. She made appearances in the Bundesliga for Bayer Leverkusen and also played for Brauweiler Pulheim, SG Essen-Schönebeck, 1. FC Köln, and Alemannia Aachen.

As an Under-19 international she played the 2002 U-19 World Championship and the 2002 and 2004 U-19 European Championships, winning the 2002 Euro.

The 2002 U-19 World Championship games were played in Canada, where she assisted on the game-winning goal scored by Linda Bresonik during extra time of the quarter-final with Japan in Edmonton, Alberta. She captained Germany in pre-tournament friendly in Lachine, Quebec in a loss to Canada.

Bayer 04 Leverkusen (women)
Bayer 04 Leverkusen, also known as Bayer Leverkusen, Leverkusen, or simply known as Bayer, is a German women's football club based in Leverkusen, North Rhine-Westphalia. The club plays in the Frauen-Bundesliga, the top tier of German football.
New Zealand top 50 singles of 1984
This is a list of the top 50 singles in New Zealand of 1984 as compiled by Recorded Music NZ in the end-of-year chart of the Official New Zealand Music Chart. Only one single by a New Zealand artist is included on the chart, however it was the highest selling single of the year, Pātea Māori Club's debut single "Poi E".

Poi E
"Poi E" is a song by New Zealand group Pātea Māori Club off the album of the same name. Released in 1983, the song was sung entirely in the Māori language and featured a blend of Māori cultural practices in the song and accompanying music video, including Māori chanting, poi dancing, and the wearing of traditional Māori kākahu (garments). The song reached No. 1 in New Zealand in each of the following three decades.

The song topped the New Zealand pop charts for four weeks and also became the biggest seller in New Zealand for 1984, "outselling all international recording artists." Today the song maintains its status as a cult classic in New Zealand, as the group behind it, Patea Maori Club, was a one-hit wonder. However, for Māori, the song is much more important, as it became "the anthem of a new generation", the generation known as the "hip-hop generation".
2025 Montreux Nestlé Open – Doubles
Oksana Selekhmeteva and Simona Waltert won the title, defeating Arantxa Rus and Anca Todoni 6–4, 6–1 in the final.

Quinn Gleason and Ingrid Martins were the reigning champions, but they did not participate this year.

Quinn Gleason
Quinn Gleason (born November 10, 1994) is an American professional tennis player.
She has career-high WTA ranking of No. 60 in doubles and No. 323 in singles. Gleason has won two WTA Tour, four WTA 125 doubles titles and 15 on the ITF Circuit as well as one singles title.

She first played college tennis at the University of Notre Dame.
Samuel Somerville
Samuel Jacob Somerville (born 6 August 1994) is a professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Malaysia Super League side Melaka, on loan from Selangor. Born and raised in England but with a Malaysian grandmother from Kulim, he took Malaysian nationality in 2015, and was called up for the Malaysia national team in 2021.

Kulim District
The Kulim District is a district and town in the state of Kedah, Malaysia. It is located on the southeast of Kedah, bordering Penang. The town of Kulim, a mere 27 km (17 mi) east of Penang's capital city, George Town, also forms part of the George Town Conurbation, Malaysia's second largest metropolitan area.
2008 Ginetta G50 Cup
The 2008 Ginetta G50 Cup was the inaugural Ginetta G50 Cup season. The season began at Oulton Park on 24 March and finished after 20 races over 10 rounds at Donington Park on 12 October, supporting rounds of the British Formula 3 Championship and British GT Championship.

Nigel Moore dominated the first year of the series, winning 14 races and finishing the season over 200 points ahead of runner up Frank Wrathall.

Oulton Park
Oulton Park is a hard surfaced track used for motor racing, close to the village of Little Budworth, Cheshire, England, 5-mile (8.0 km) from Winsford, 13-mile (21 km) from Chester city centre, 8-mile (13 km) from Northwich and 17-mile (27 km) from Warrington, with a nearby rail connection along the Mid-Cheshire Line. It occupies much of the area which was previously known as the Oulton Estate. The racing circuit is owned and operated by Jonathan Palmer's MotorSport Vision organisation.
Ragnhild Sælthun Fjørtoft
Ragnhild Sælthun Fjørtoft  (born 9 June 1947) is a Norwegian former television presenter.

She was born in Lærdal Municipality to farmer Olaf Sælthun and politician Ambjørg Sælthun, and is married to Arne Fjørtoft .

She was assigned with NRK for 45 years, from 1969 to 2014. She has also been engaged in humanitarian work, and has been a board member of institutions such as Unicef Norway, the Strømme Foundation, FORUT and Antislaveriselskapet. She was awarded Kringkastingsprisen in 1994, Storegutprisen in 2004, the Gullruten honorary award in 2006, and the King's Medal of Merit in 2014.

Gullruten
Gullruten ("Golden Screen") is an annual award for the Norwegian TV industry, founded in 1998 by Norske Film- og TV-produsenters forening. The awarding committee has representatives from the major national TV companies, NRK, TV 2, TV3 and TVNorge. In 1998, the show was hosted by Nadia Hasnaoui, and from 1999 to 2012, by Dorthe Skappel. From 2013, the show has been hosted by Henriette Steenstrup and John Brungot.

The prize categories have varied over the years. Some of the categories that have been awarded are: Best Entertainment Program, Best Reality, Best Documentary Soap, Best TV Drama, Best Comedy Show, Best Children's or Youth Program, Best Magazine- or Life Style Program, Best Fact- or Actuality Program, Best TV Documentary, Best Actress, Best Actor, Best Female Television Presenter and Best Male Television Presenter.
Tarjanne
Tarjanne (also Tarjannevesi) is a medium-sized lake in Finland. It is situated in the municipalities of Ruovesi, Virrat and Mänttä-Vilppula in the Pirkanmaa region in western Finland. The lake is part of the Kokemäenjoki basin. The main inflows are the lake Vaskivesi and a chain of lakes north of it in the west and a chain of lakes from the lake Pihlajavesi in the north. The lake drains into the Lake Ruovesi in the south.

Pirkanmaa
Pirkanmaa (Finnish: [ˈpirkɑmˌmɑː]; Swedish: Birkaland; Latin: Birkaria), also known as Tampere Region in government documents, is a region of Finland. It borders the regions of Satakunta, South Ostrobothnia, Central Finland, Päijät-Häme, Kanta-Häme and Southwest Finland. Most of the water area in the Kokemäki River watershed is located in the Pirkanmaa region, although Lake Vanajavesi is partly in the Kanta-Häme region. The region got its name from Pirkkala, which in the Middle Ages comprised most of present-day Pirkanmaa. Tampere is the regional center and capital of Pirkanmaa, and at the same time the largest city in the region.

The total population of Pirkanmaa was 529,100 on 30 June 2022, which makes it the second largest among Finland's regions after Uusimaa. The population density is well over twice the Finnish average, and most of its population is largely concentrated in the Tampere metropolitan area.
Wraysbury and Hythe End Gravel Pits
Wraysbury and Hythe End Gravel Pits is a 117.2-hectare (290-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Wraysbury in Berkshire. It is part of South West London Waterbodies Ramsar site and Special Protection Area.

The site features four former gravel pits and is within the floodplains of the River Thames and the Colne Brook. It is important for the number of bird species it features.

Ramsar site
A Ramsar site is a wetland site designated to be of international importance under the Ramsar Convention, also known as "The Convention on Wetlands",  an international environmental treaty signed on 2 February 1971 in Ramsar, Iran, under the auspices of UNESCO. It came into force on 21 December 1975, when it was ratified by a sufficient number of nations. It provides for national action and international cooperation regarding the conservation of wetlands, and wise sustainable use of their resources. Ramsar treaty participants meet regularly to identify and agree to protect "Wetlands of International Importance", especially those providing waterfowl habitat.

As of January 2026, there are 2,520 Ramsar sites around the world, which protect 253,075,668 hectares (625,363,590 acres), and 172 national governments participate in the convention.
John Pitt (British Army officer)
John Pitt (1698–1754) was a British Army officer, colonial administrator and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1720 and 1734.

Pitt was the youngest son of Governor Thomas "Diamond" Pitt who made a fortune while in India and returned to Britain to found a political dynasty. He attended Eton College, and went into the army where he rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel and served as an aide-de-camp to George I.

Pitt served as Member of Parliament for Hindon from 1720 to 1722, Old Sarum from 1724 to 1726 and Camelford from 1727 to 1734. From 1728 to 1737 he served as Governor of Bermuda.

Pitt was cut out of his father's will after a dispute. He was the brother-in-law of James Stanhope, 1st Earl Stanhope, the effective Prime Minister between 1717 and 1721, and the uncle of William Pitt. He was married to Mary Belasyse, the daughter of the Viscount Fauconberg.

Old Sarum (UK Parliament constituency)
Old Sarum was from 1295 until 1832 a parliamentary constituency of England, Great Britain (until 1800), and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.  It was a so-called rotten borough, with an extremely small electorate that was consequently vastly over-represented and could be used by a patron in gaining such undue influence. The constituency was on the site of what had been the original settlement of Salisbury, known as Old Sarum. The population and cathedral city had moved in the 14th century to New Sarum, at the foot of the Old Sarum hill. It became one of the more notorious constituencies in the unreformed House of Commons and was abolished under the Reform Act 1832.
Sheryl WuDunn
Sheryl WuDunn (born November 16, 1959) is an American business executive, writer, lecturer, and Pulitzer Prize winner.

A senior banker focusing on growth companies in technology, new media and the emerging markets, WuDunn also works with double bottom line firms, alternative energy issues, and women entrepreneurs. She has also been a private wealth adviser with Goldman Sachs and was previously a journalist and business executive for The New York Times, where she served as a foreign correspondent in the Beijing and Tokyo bureaus.

Princeton School of Public and International Affairs
The Princeton School of Public and International Affairs (abbrev. SPIA; formerly the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs) is a professional public policy school at Princeton University. The school provides an array of comprehensive coursework in the fields of international development, foreign policy, science and technology, and economics and finance through its undergraduate (AB) degrees, graduate Master of Public Affairs (MPA), Master of Public Policy (MPP), and PhD degrees.
Mike Maignan
Mike Peterson Maignan (French pronunciation: [mɛɲɑ̃]; born 3 July 1995) is a French professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Serie A club AC Milan, which he captains, and the France national team.

Maignan came through the youth teams at Paris Saint-Germain, where he often served as an unused substitute. In 2015 he joined Lille for €1 million, and became their first-choice in 2017. He was voted Ligue 1's goalkeeper of the year in 2018–19, and won the league title in 2020–21. He then moved to AC Milan for €15 million, winning Serie A in his first season and making the Team of the Season.

After earning 37 caps for France at youth level, Maignan made his senior international debut in 2020. He was selected in the French squads for UEFA Euro 2020 and Euro 2024.

Supercoppa Italiana
The Supercoppa Italiana, also known as the Italian Super Cup, is an annual super cup tournament in Italian football. Founded in 1988 as a two-team competition, it has featured four teams since 2023 (the winners and runners-up of the previous season's Serie A and Coppa Italia). Before the format change, the match was exclusively contested between the winners of the Serie A and Coppa Italia titles. Under the new rules, if a team were to be occupying more than one of the four spots, that spot would then be filled by the third and/or fourth teams in the Serie A standings.

It was originally the opening match of the new season, played at the home stadium of the previous season's Serie A champions. Since 2018, the competition has been held during the winter months, and is mainly hosted internationally. Juventus is the most successful club with nine titles. They have met Lazio on five occasions, making it the most frequent matchup in tournament history.
Lalomie Washburn
Lalomie (Lomie) Washburn (25 August 1941 – 18 December 2004) was an American R&B singer and songwriter.

She was born on August 25, 1941, in Memphis, Tennessee, and went on to sing backup with such legends as Ray Charles, Ike & Tina Turner and Chaka Khan. She wrote songs for and with Rufus & Chaka Khan, New Birth, Buddy Miles, The Brothers Johnson and Aretha Franklin.

In 1977, Washburn signed with the Parachute label, where she released her first album, My Music is Hot. She went on to launch a solo career, which drew a large following in Germany in the 1970s and 1980s. In 1992, she released several 12" singles, and in 1997 a second (self-titled) solo album. She came back to Omaha, Nebraska, to do a small tour when in her mid-fifties.

She died on September 18, 2004, in Los Angeles, California.

In 2005, she was inducted into the Omaha Black Music Hall of Fame.

Casablanca Records
Casablanca Records is an American record label owned by Universal Music Group and operated under Republic Records. Under its founder Neil Bogart, Casablanca was most successful during the disco era of the mid to late 1970s. The label focuses on dance and electronic music under the direction of Brett Alperowitz.