hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Montenegrin perun
The perun (Cyrillic: Перун, older spelling: Перунъ) was the currency that was planned for introduction in Montenegro by Petar II Petrović Njegoš in 1851. However, he died the same year, and Montenegro later used the Austro-Hungarian krone until the 1906 introduction of the perper by Nicholas I of Montenegro. It was named after Perun, whom Njegoš considered to be the supreme god of Slavic mythology. If introduced, one Perun would have had equal value to two thalers.

Nicholas I of Montenegro
Nikola I Petrović-Njegoš (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола I Петровић-Његош; 7 October [O.S. 25 September] 1841 – 1 March 1921) was the last monarch of Montenegro from 1860 to 1918, reigning as prince from 1860 to 1910 and as the country's first and only king from 1910 to 1918. His grandsons were kings Alexander I of Yugoslavia and Umberto II of Italy, among others.
Andhra Pradesh Lokayukta
Andhra Pradesh Lokayukta has been formed as the  parliamentary ombudsman by the Government of Andhra Pradesh under the Andhra Pradesh Lokayukta and Upa-Lokayuktas Act, 83. Its institution acts as the high-level statutory functionary for the state of Andhra Pradesh and created independent of the governing political and public administration to address the public grievances against the state government and its administration. It came into force on 1 November 1983. It functions as a public instrument against corruption and other malpractices by public servants and government authorities of the state.

A Lokayukta of the state is appointed to office by the state Governor after consulting a committee consisting of State Chief Minister, Speaker of Legislative Assembly, Leader of Opposition, Chairman of Legislative Council and Leader of Opposition of Legislative Council and will serve the period of five years.

Parliamentary Ombudsman
Parliamentary Ombudsman (Swedish: Riksdagens ombudsman, Finnish: Eduskunnan oikeusasiamies, Icelandic: Umboðsmaður Alþingis, Danish: Folketingets Ombudsmand, Norwegian: Sivilombudet) is the name of the principal ombudsman institutions in the Nordic countries of Sweden (where the term justice ombudsman – Justitieombudsmannen or JO – is also used), Finland, Iceland, Denmark and Norway. In each case, the terms refer both to the office of the parliamentary ombudsman and to an individual ombudsman.
Maroofganj (Gaya)
Maroofganj (Hindi: मारूफगंज, IAST: mārūphagaṃja; Urdu: معروف گنج, romanized: maʿrūfganj), also spelled Marufganj, is a residential neighborhood under the jurisdiction of the Kotwali thana of Gaya, Bihar, India. In close proximity to the Gaya Junction railway station, it is one of the oldest and among the most crime-infested localities in the town. The area is known for landmarks such as Urdu Girls High School and Nala Road.

Gaya Junction railway station
Gayaji Junction railway station is a junction station serving the city of Gayaji, the headquarters of Gayaji district and Magadh Division in the Indian state of Bihar. Gaya is in the Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya railway division of the East Central Railway zone. Grand Chord rail-line that connects Howrah and New Delhi passes through Gaya. It lies between Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction on the Delhi side and Dhanbad Junction on the Howrah side. It is located at 24°48′13″N 84°59′57″E﻿ / ﻿24.80361°N 84.99917°E﻿ / 24.80361; 84.99917. It has an elevation of 117 metres (384 ft). Gaya is connected with most of the states through rail network.

There are also two other broad-gauge train lines from Gayaji, one to Patna and the other to Kiul Junction. The city has two major railway stations: Gaya Junction & Manpur Junction. Gaya is well connected with Patna, Jehanabad, Biharsharif, Rajgir, Islampur, Nawada, Dehri on sone through daily passenger and express train services.
Marla Pennington
Marla Lynn Pennington (born March 5, 1954) is an American former actress. She is best known for her role as Joan Anderson Lawson on Small Wonder, her last acting role to date.

Her other television credits include Soap, Diff'rent Strokes, Magnum, P.I., Charlie's Angels, Happy Days, The Incredible Hulk, and General Hospital. Pennington's film credits include National Lampoon's Class Reunion, and The Day of the Locust.

While Small Wonder was her last acting role, she appeared in a brief reunion with her co-stars on The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet on January 14, 2009. She provided commentary to the Small Wonder season 1 DVD set, released in February 2010.

In 1988, Pennington married entertainment lawyer Tom Rowan, son of comedian Dan Rowan (of Rowan and Martin fame) with whom she had a son, Dan, and a daughter, Kat. Upon Small Wonder ending in 1989, she retired from acting to devote time to her family. Rowan died in 2021, leaving Pennington a widow.

National Lampoon's Class Reunion
National Lampoon's: Class Reunion is a 1982 American black comedy film produced by National Lampoon as the third film from the magazine. It was the second film released; although National Lampoon Goes to the Movies was filmed in 1981, it was delayed and not released until 1982. The film was produced by ABC Motion Pictures and released by 20th Century-Fox on October 29, 1982, grossing $10.1 million.

In the film, the 1972 graduating class of a high school is gathering for their class reunion. They are unaware that among the guests is an escaped mental patient, who wants revenge for a decade-old sadistic prank which had ruined his life and his sanity. After several deaths at the reunion, the surviving alumni team-up to discover who is their secret enemy.
SCMOS
sCMOS (scientific Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor) are a type of CMOS image sensor (CIS). These sensors are commonly used as components in specific observational scientific instruments, such as microscopes and telescopes. sCMOS image sensors offer extremely low noise, rapid frame rates, wide dynamic range, high quantum efficiency, high resolution, and a large field of view simultaneously in one image.

The sCMOS technology was launched in 2009 during the Laser World of Photonics fair in Munich. The companies Andor Technology, Fairchild Imaging and PCO Imaging developed the technology for image sensors as a joint venture.

Frame rate
Frame rate, commonly expressed in frame/s, frames per second, or FPS, is typically the frequency (rate) at which consecutive images (frames) are captured or displayed. This definition applies to film and video cameras, computer animation, and motion capture systems. In these contexts, frame rate may be used interchangeably with frame frequency and refresh rate, which are expressed in hertz (Hz). Additionally, in the context of computer graphics performance, FPS is the rate at which a system, particularly a GPU, is able to generate frames, and refresh rate is the frequency at which a display shows completed frames. In electronic camera specifications frame rate refers to the maximum possible rate frames could be captured, but in practice, other settings (such as exposure time) may reduce the actual frequency to a lower number than the frame rate.
Political history of Mysore and Coorg (1761–1799)
The political history of Mysore and Coorg (1761–1799) is the political history of the contiguous historical regions of Mysore State and Coorg province on the Deccan Plateau in west-central peninsular India from the time of the rise of Haidar Ali in 1761 to that of the death of his son Tipu Sultan in 1799.

Political history
Political history is the narrative and survey of political events, ideas, movements, organs of government, voters, parties and leaders. It is closely related to other fields of history, including diplomatic history, constitutional history, social history, people's history, and public history. Political history studies the organization and operation of power in large societies.

From approximately the 1960s onwards, the rise of competing subdisciplines, particularly social history and cultural history, led to a decline in the prominence of "traditional" political history, which tended to focus on the activities of political elites. In the two decades from 1975 to 1995, the proportion of professors of history in American universities identifying with social history rose from 31% to 41%, and the proportion of political historians fell from 40% to 30%.
Environmental manager
Environmental managers are involved in processes that seek to control some environmental entities in orientation to a plan or idea. Whether such control is possible, however, is contested. Examples for environmental managers range from corporate agents (corporate environmental managers) via managers of a nature reserve, to environmental and resource planning agents but, analytically seen, also involve indigenous environmental managers, farmers or environmental activists. In many accounts, hope is held that environmental managers implement grand plans or political programmes.  At the heart of the notion of environmental managers is, thus, a pragmatic and rational actor who optimises environments in orientation to some aim. Critical academics point out that the very idea that such managers exist and are imagined as capable of managing may well be flawed.

Hope
Hope is an optimistic state of mind that is based on an expectation of positive outcomes with respect to events and circumstances in one's own life, or the world at large. As a verb, Merriam-Webster defines hope as "to expect with confidence" or "to cherish a desire with anticipation".

Among its opposites are dejection, hopelessness, and despair.

Hope finds expression through many dimensions of human life, including practical reasoning, the religious virtue of hope, legal doctrine, and literature, alongside cultural and mythological aspects.
Flying Sikh
Flying Sikh is the nickname of:

Milkha Singh, a Sikh athlete who represented India in the 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics

Joginder Singh (rally driver), a successful endurance rally driver in the 1960s and 1970s

Karamjit Singh, a Malaysian professional rally driver

Karamjit Singh
Karamjit Singh (Punjabi: ਕਰਮਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ, romanized: Karamajīta sigha; born 29 January 1962), also known as the Flying Sikh, is a Malaysian rally driver and was the first Asian driver to win the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) Production Car World Championship for Drivers, doing so on his first try. He has been rallying professionally since 1985. He has won the 2001 Asia Pacific Rally Championship for Drivers, the 2002 FIA Production Car World Championship for Drivers, as well as the 2002 and 2004 FIA Asia-Pacific Rally Championship for Drivers. He has raced for the Petronas EON Racing Team and Team Proton Pert Malaysia using Proton 4WD rally cars. His co-drivers have been (in chronological order) Ron Teoh, Allen Oh and John Bennie.
South Dallas
South Dallas is an area in Dallas, Texas. It is south of Downtown Dallas, bordered by Trinity River on the west, Interstate 30 on the north, and the Great Trinity Forest to the south and east. In recent years the City of Dallas and organizations including Dallas Area Habitat for Humanity and Rebuilding Together Dallas have begun revitalizing the area in an effort to make the area more attractive to homeowners and foster economic development.

Dallas Area Rapid Transit
Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART) is a transit agency serving the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex of Texas. It operates buses, light rail, commuter rail, and high-occupancy vehicle lanes in Dallas and twelve of its suburbs. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 55,151,000, or about 162,900 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2025.

DART was created in 1983 to replace a municipal bus system and funded expansion of the region's transit network through a sales tax levied in member cities. DART rail began operation in 1996 and operates over 93 miles (149.7 km) of track. It was the longest light rail system in the United States until 2023, when it was surpassed by Los Angeles Metro Rail with the consolidation of the A Line.

DART jointly operates the Trinity Railway Express commuter rail line between Dallas and Fort Worth, with Trinity Metro. The agency also operates the Dallas Streetcar and provides funding for the non-profit M-Line Trolley.
Bostanlı, Dargeçit
Bostanlı (Kurdish: Wersikê) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Dargeçit, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Omerkan tribe and had a population of 244 in 2021.

Mardin Province
Mardin Province (Turkish: Mardin ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Mêrdîn; Arabic: محافظة ماردين; Classical Syriac: ܡܪܕܝܢ ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ) is a province and metropolitan municipality in Turkey. Its area is 8,780 km2, and its population is 870,374 (2022). The largest city in the province is Kızıltepe, while the capital Mardin is the second largest city.
Business Development Bank of Canada
The Business Development Bank of Canada (BDC; French: Banque de développement du Canada) is a Crown corporation and national development bank wholly owned by the Government of Canada, mandated to help create and develop Canadian businesses through financing, growth and transition capital, venture capital and advisory services, with a focus on small and medium-sized enterprises.

Founded in 1944, its corporate headquarters is located in Montreal and it has more than 123 business centres working with 60,000 clients. BDC's debt obligations, secured by the Government of Canada, are issued to public and private sector institutions.

Debt
Debt is an obligation that requires one party, the debtor, to pay money borrowed or otherwise withheld from another party, the creditor. Debt may be owed by a sovereign state or country, local government, company, or an individual. Commercial debt is generally subject to contractual terms regarding the amount and timing of repayments of principal and interest. Loans, bonds, notes, and mortgages are all types of debt. In financial accounting, debt is a type of financial transaction, as distinct from equity.

The term can also be used metaphorically to cover moral obligations and other interactions not based on a monetary value. For example, in Western cultures, a person who has been helped by a second person is sometimes said to owe a "debt of gratitude" to the second person.
South Calgary, Calgary
South Calgary is a residential neighbourhood in the southwest quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. It is located between 14th St west and Crowchild Trail. The community has an area redevelopment plan in place.

The community maintains an outdoor swimming pool, as well as a community hall and several city parks. The Giuffre Family Library (previously Alexander Calhoun Library) of the Calgary Public Library is also located in the area.

South Calgary was established in 1914 on land annexed by the City of Calgary in 1907. However, the area remained largely undeveloped until the early 1950s.

Crowchild Trail
Crowchild Trail is a major expressway in western Calgary, Alberta. The segment from the 12 Mile Coulee Road at the edge of the city to Stoney Trail is designated as Highway 1A by Alberta Transportation; however, prior to the completion of Stoney Trail the Highway 1A designation formerly extended to 16 Avenue NW (Trans-Canada Highway, Highway 1). The road is a critical north–south link in West Calgary for both downtown-bound traffic and travel between the two quadrants of the city it passes through. Although planned to be one single freeway from Glenmore Trail to the city limits, the route is divided by a section of slow-moving arterial road with four signalized intersections between 24 Avenue and Memorial Drive. This separates the freeway in the northwest from the freeway south of the Bow River. Filling the gap and making the whole route a minimum six-lane freeway is planned for construction beyond 2027.
Jiri-ye Sofla
Jiri-ye Sofla (Persian: جيري سفلي, also Romanized as Jīrī-ye Soflá) is a village in Cham Khalaf-e Isa Rural District, Cham Khalaf-e Isa District, Hendijan County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 339, in 64 families.

Hendijan County
Hendijan County (Persian: شهرستان هندیجان) is in Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Hendijan. Hendijan County is located in the southeast of Iran and is connected to Persian Gulf through Zohreh River.
Who Rules America?
Who Rules America? is a book by research psychologist and sociologist G. William Domhoff, Ph.D., published in 1967 as a best-seller (#12).

WRA is frequently assigned as a sociology textbook, documenting the dangerous concentration of power and wealth in the American upper class. More recent editions have brought the discussion up to date, including the rise of Barack Obama, Donald Trump, and the trend toward nationalism in the Republican Party.

American upper class
The American upper class is a social group within the United States consisting of people who have the highest social rank, due to economic wealth, lineage, and typically educational attainment. The American upper class is estimated to be the richest 1% of the population.

The American upper class is distinguished from the rest of the population because its primary source of income consists of assets, investments, and capital gains rather than wages and salaries. Its members include owners of large private companies, heirs to fortunes, and top executives of certain publicly traded corporations (more importantly, critically vital large scale companies and corporations).
Light of Mine
Light of Mine is the debut studio album by American rapper and singer Kyle. It was released on May 18, 2018, by Independently Popular and Atlantic Records. The album features guest appearances from Kehlani, 2 Chainz, Sophia Black, Khalid, Take 6, Avery Wilson, Lil Yachty and Alessia Cara. The album was supported by four singles; "iSpy", "To the Moon", "Playinwitme" and “Ikuyo". A deluxe version of the album was released on August 23, 2019. It features three previously released singles: "Moment" featuring Wiz Khalifa, "SuperDuperKyle" featuring MadeinTYO, "Hey Julie!" featuring Lil Yachty, and most recently released single "F You I Love You" featuring Teyana Taylor, along with two new songs.

MadeinTYO
Malcolm Jamaal Davis (born April 12, 1992), better known by his stage name MadeinTYO (pronounced Made in Tokyo), is an American rapper, singer, and songwriter. He is best known for his 2016 single "Uber Everywhere", which peaked at number 51 on the Billboard Hot 100. It spawned a remixed version featuring Travis Scott, which served as lead single for his debut mixtape, You Are Forgiven (2016). His debut studio album, Sincerely, Tokyo (2018), peaked at number 98 on the Billboard 200.
Myoporum niueanum
Myoporum niueanum, alternatively known as the Niue myoporum, is a plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae of unresolved status that was first described by botanist Harold St. John in 1976 based upon plant material originally collected a century earlier. It is believed to be endemic to the Polynesian island nation of Niue. The species is recognized by several authorities as a full species, however there have  been no modern observations and it is unclear if the species may actually have come from a different locality or gone extinct since the original collection. The respected botanist Arthur Whistler formally challenged the terms of the original species description and suggested the type specimen may indeed have been undescribed but actually have come from a different region.

Scrophulariaceae
The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family.  The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs.  Flowers have bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial  (actinomorphic) symmetry.  The Scrophulariaceae have a cosmopolitan distribution, with the majority found in temperate areas, including tropical mountains.  The family name is based on the name of the included genus Scrophularia L.
Lost Temper Creek
Lost Temper Creek is a stream in North Slope Borough, Alaska, in the United States. It is a tributary of the Colville River.

Lost Temper Creek was named in the 1950s by a government geologist from an unpleasant incident at the explorers' camp. Lost Temper Creek has been noted for its unusual place name.

North Slope Borough, Alaska
The North Slope Borough is the northernmost borough in the US state of Alaska and, thus, the northernmost county or equivalent of the United States as a whole. As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,031. The borough seat and largest city, comprising nearly half of the borough’s population, is Utqiaġvik (known as Barrow from 1901 to 2016), the northernmost settlement in the United States.
Caution Point
Caution Point (65°16′S 62°1′W﻿ / ﻿65.267°S 62.017°W﻿ / -65.267; -62.017) is a headland 4 nautical miles (7 km) northeast of Mount Birks, on the north side of the entrance to Spillane Fjord, which marks the east end of Austa Ridge that forms the north wall of Crane Glacier, on the east coast of Graham Land. It was photographed from the air by Sir Hubert Wilkins on a flight of December 20, 1928, and named by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey who charted it in 1947.

Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition
The Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE) was an aerial survey of the Falkland Islands Dependencies and the Antarctic Peninsula which took place in the 1955–56 and 1956–57 southern summers.

Funded by the Colonial Office and organized by Peter Mott, the survey was carried out by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd.  The expedition was based at Deception Island and utilized the Oluf Sven, two Canso flying-boats, and several helicopters.

The photographic collection, held by the British Antarctic Survey as the United Kingdom Antarctic Mapping Centre, comprises about 12,800 frames taken on 26,700 kilometers of ground track.
Pont (surname)
Pont is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles E. Pont, American artist

John Pont, American college football coach

Mike Pont, singer

Mónica Pont, Spanish long-distance runner

Robert Pont, 16th century Scottish reformer

Timothy Pont, Scottish mapmaker of the late 16th century

Charles E. Pont
Charles Ernest Pont (6 January 1898 – 28 July 1971) was an American artist and Baptist minister.  Although his ministerial career was not particularly noteworthy, he was a prolific artist in many media including watercolor, printmaking, oil, pen and ink, and pencil.  His framed art not only hangs in hundreds of private and public collections, but can also be found in many realms of graphic design, including book and magazine illustration, greeting cards, sign painting and calligraphy, murals, typographic design, and decorative papers.  While his style evolved with the times in which he lived, and was particularly influenced by modernism in the 1930s, he is best known for the fine precision of his prints and the realism of his watercolors.