hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Canton of Montaigu-de-Quercy
The canton of Montaigu-de-Quercy is a French former administrative division in the department of Tarn-et-Garonne and region Midi-Pyrénées. It had 2,570 inhabitants (2012). It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It consisted of 6 communes, which joined the canton of Pays de Serres Sud-Quercy in 2015.

Tarn-et-Garonne
Tarn-et-Garonne (French: [taʁn e ɡaʁɔn] ⓘ; Occitan: Tarn e Garona [ˈtaɾ e ɣaˈɾunɔ]) is a department in the Occitania region in Southern France. It is traversed by the rivers Tarn and Garonne, from which it takes its name. The area was originally part of the former provinces of Quercy and Languedoc. The department was created in 1808 under Napoleon, with territory taken from the neighbouring Lot, Haute-Garonne, Lot-et-Garonne, Gers and Aveyron departments.

The department is mostly rural with fertile agricultural land in the broad river valley, but there are hilly areas to the south, east and north. The departmental prefecture is Montauban; the sole subprefecture is Castelsarrasin. In 2019, it had a population of 260,669.
Geography of Afghanistan
Afghanistan is a landlocked mountainous country located on the Iranian Plateau, at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. The country is the 40th largest in the world in size. Kabul is the capital and largest city of Afghanistan, located in the Kabul Province. With a location at the intersection of major trade routes, Afghanistan has attracted a succession of invaders since the sixth century BC.

Afghanistan contains most of the Hindu Kush. There are a number of major rivers in the country, including Amu Darya, Arghandab, Farah, Gambila, Hari, Helmand, Kabul, Kokcha, Kunar, Kunduz, and Panj. The country also possesses many smaller rivers as well as streams, canals, lakes, ponds, and springs. Most of its fresh water historically flowed into neighboring countries.

Chitral River
The Chitral River, also known in Afghanistan as the Kunar River, is a 480 kilometres (300 mi) long river  in northern Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan. It originates from the Chiantar glacier, located at the border of Gilgit Baltistan and Chitral in Pakistan. At Arandu it enters into Afghanistan, where it is called the Kunar River. It later merges with Kabul river in Nangahar Province of Afghanistan. The river system is fed by melting glaciers and snow of the Hindu Kush mountains. The Chitral River serves as a major tributary of the Kabul river, which is in turn a tributary of the Indus River in Pakistan.
Miss Grand Myanmar 2025
Miss Grand Myanmar 2025 was the third edition of the Miss Grand Myanmar pageant, held at the Shwe Htut Tin Complex in Tamwe, Yangon, on June 21, 2025. Contestants from 27 cities of the country competed for the title.

The contest was won by a 21-year-old Jawkang Sophia Nawaug, representing Namhkam. JK Sophia represented Myanmar at the international stage, Miss Grand International 2025, which held in Thailand on 18 October 2025.

The event was also attended by Miss Grand International 2024 CJ Opiaza of the Philippines and Miss Grand International's vice president Teresa Chaivisut.

Miss Grand International 2024
Miss Grand International 2024 was the 12th Miss Grand International pageant, held at the MGI Hall in Bangkok, Thailand, on 25 October 2024.

At the conclusion of the event, Luciana Fuster of Peru crowned Rachel Gupta of India as Miss Grand International 2024. This is the first victory of India in the pageant's history. However, Gupta's reign ended on 28 May 2025 due to several issues between her and the organization, and the 1st runner-up, CJ Opiaza of the Philippines, took over the title.

Contestants from sixty-eight countries and territories competed in this edition. The competition was presented by Matthew Deane and was transmitted via the pageant's YouTube channel, GrandTV.
2020 San Jose City Council election
The 2020 San Jose City Council election took place on March 3, 2020, to elect five of the ten seats of the San Jose City Council, with runoff elections taking place on November 3, 2020. Runoffs only occurred if no candidate received more than 50% of the votes cast in the contest. Local elections in California are officially nonpartisan. Each councilmember is term-limited after two consecutive terms in office.

San Jose City Council
The San Jose City Council, officially San José City Council, is the legislature of the Government of the
City of San José, California.

As the Mayor of San Jose, Matt Mahan casts the 11th vote on matters before the council and acts as chair of the council during most meetings. Vice Mayor Pam Foley conducts Council meetings in the absence of the Mayor.
Charles C. Adams Jr.
Charles Clarence Adams Jr. (born August 25, 1947) is a British-born American diplomat who is the former United States Ambassador to Finland.

Previously, he was an American international arbitration expert and American political and social activist. Based in Geneva, Switzerland, he served as co-chair of Americans Abroad for Obama, a Democratic Party fundraising and networking organization of Americans living overseas. and raised money for Democratic candidate Pete Buttigieg.

He also served as a member of the National Finance Committee of the 2012 Barack Obama presidential campaign, a position he also held during the 2008 Obama campaign.

He was nominated Ambassador to Finland by President Barack Obama in July 2014 and was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on June 24, 2015. He presented his credentials on December 8, 2015, and served until January 20, 2017.

In 2017, Adams became a non-executive director at the Nordic West Office in Finland.

Franklin University Switzerland
Franklin University Switzerland is a private university institute in Lugano, Switzerland. Founded in 1969, Franklin offers Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees accredited in both the United States and Switzerland.
Domninus of Fidenza
Saint Domninus of Fidenza (Italian: San Donnino di Fidenza) is an Italian Catholic saint. According to tradition, he died in 304 AD and was a native of Parma. The cathedral in Fidenza (a town once called Borgo San Donnino) is dedicated to him. The Hieronymian Martyrology commemorates Domninus, but does not include any further information about him, and his feast day is cited as occurring on 9 October.  He is not commemorated in the martyrologies of Bede, Ado, Notker, or the Parvum Romanum.

His legend states that Domninus was Chamberlain to Emperor Maximian and keeper of the royal crown, and converted to Christianity, thereby incurring the emperor's wrath. Pursued by imperial forces, he rode through Piacenza holding a cross. He was caught and beheaded on the banks of the Stirone, outside of Fidenza, or the Via Aemilia. It is recounted that Domninus picked up his severed head and placed it on the future site of the cathedral of San Donnino.

Ado of Vienne
Ado (died 16 December 874) was a Frankish churchman and writer. He served as the archbishop of Vienne from 850 until his death and is venerated as a saint. His writings include hagiography and historiography.
Ayoola Adeleke
Chief Raji Ayoola Adeleke (born 27 December 1923) was a Nigerian politician, a labour activist and a senator in the second republic who represented Old Oyo State Senatorial District 11 which comprises six present day Local Governments in Osun State: Ede, Osogbo, Irepodun, Ifelodun, Odo Otin, Ila Orangun.

Osogbo
Osogbo // ⓘ (also known as Oṣogbo, and seldomly as Oshogbo) is a city in Nigeria. It became the capital city of Osun State in 1991. Osogbo city seats the Headquarters of both Osogbo Local Government Area (situated at Oke-Baale Area of the city) and Olorunda Local Government Area (situated at Igbonna Area of the city). It is some 88 kilometers by road northeast of Ibadan. It is also 108 kilometres (67 mi) by road south of Ilorin (capital and largest city of Kwara State) and 108 kilometres (67 mi) northwest of Akure. Osogbo shares boundaries with Ikirun, Ilesa, Ede, Egbedore, Ogbomosho and Iragbiji and it is easily accessible from any part of the state because of its central nature. It is about 48 km from Ife, 32 km from Ilesa, 46 km from Iwo, 48 km from Ikire and 46 km from Ila-Orangun; the city had a population of about 200,000  people and an approximate land area of 126 km. The postal code of the area is 230. The current chairman of the council is Onibonokuta Saheed M.
Yongsan-dong
Yongsan-dong can refer to several administrative wards in South Korean cities

Yongsan-dong in Yongsan-gu, Seoul

Yongsan-dong in Dong-gu, Gwangju

Yongsan-dong in Yuseong-gu, Daejeon

Yongsan-dong in Chungju, Chungcheongbuk-do

Yongsan-dong in Naju, Jeollanam-do

Chungju
Chungju (Korean: 충주) is a city in North Chungcheong Province, South Korea. Uamsan is a mountain located within the outskirts of the city.

The city is famous for the annual martial arts festival held in October, and for being the hometown of former UN Secretary-General, Ban Ki-moon.
Reclamation Service Boise Project Office
The Reclamation Service Boise Project Office in Boise, Idaho, is a 2-story, L-shape Bungalow with entry at a porch on the inside corner. Finished in 1912, the building is constructed of brick with corbels separating basement, first, and second floors, and it includes segmented arch window openings. The low pitched roof includes four dormers.

The building was constructed by the Whiteway-Lee Co., and it features American Craftsman details uncommon to public buildings at the time. C. Herbert Lee had been an architect in the office of Tourtellotte & Co., and he had supervised construction of the 1907 administration building at the University of Idaho. But the Reclamation Office design is attributed to F.E. Weymouth, supervising engineer for the U.S. Reclamation Service. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.

University of Idaho
The University of Idaho (U of I, or UIdaho) is a public land-grant research university in Moscow, Idaho, United States. Established 137 years ago in 1889 and opened three years later, it was the state's sole university for 71 years, until 1963.

The university comprises ten undergraduate, graduate, and professional schools. It enrolls approximately 12,000 students across its campuses, with 11,000 on the Moscow campus. The university is classified among "Research 1: Very High Spending and Doctorate Production".

Located on the rural Palouse, the university is represented in intercollegiate athletics by the Idaho Vandals, who compete in NCAA Division I, primarily in the Big Sky Conference. In addition to the main campus in Moscow, the U of I has branch campuses in Coeur d'Alene, Boise, and Idaho Falls; it also operates a research park in Post Falls, and dozens of extension offices statewide.
Hall baronets
There have been four baronetcies created for persons with the surname Hall, one in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia and three in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. Three of the creations are extant as of 2026.

Hall baronets of Dunglass (1687)

Hall baronets of Llanover (1838): see Benjamin Hall, 1st Baron Llanover

Hall baronets of Burton Park (1919)

Hall baronets of Grafham (1923)

Hall baronets of Burton Park (1919)
The Hall baronetcy, of Burton Park, in the parish of Burton in the County of Sussex, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 18 September 1919 for the Conservative politician Douglas Hall. He was the son of Bernard Hall, the first ever Mayor of the City of Liverpool.
Luis Carrión Beltrán
Luis Carrión Beltrán (May 3, 1942 Mexico City – June 1, 1997) was a renowned Mexican screenwriter, journalist, novelist and professor at SOGEM. His works dealt with the issues of socialism, the Mexican regime of the PRI and global social injustice in general.

Sociedad General de Escritores de México
The Sociedad General de Escritores de México (SOGEM) (English: General Society of Writers of Mexico) is an association of Mexican writers founded in 1976 with its headquarters in Mexico City, Mexico. It is in charge of protecting the copyright of its members, in addition to promoting and disseminating literary production. It is part of the International Confederation of Societies of Authors and Composers, an organization that brings together the different societies of authors around the world.

The society also operates Mexico's oldest school of creative writing, Escuela de Escritores, graduates of which have achieved more than 250 literary awards. Recognized Mexican writers such as Alberto Chimal, Vicente Leñero, Emilio Carballido, and Gonzalo Soltero have taught in their classrooms.
Kaynardzha Municipality
Kaynardzha Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Кайнарджа) is a municipality (obshtina) in Silistra Province, Northeastern Bulgaria, located in the Danubian Plain, in the area of the South Dobrudzha geographical region, bounded on the north with Romania. The Danube river is about 25 km away to the north through the Romanian territory. The area is named after its administrative centre – the village of Kaynardzha.

The municipality embraces a territory of 314.96 km2 with a population of 5,250 inhabitants, as of December 2009.

The main road II-71 crosses the area from northwest to southeast, connecting the province centre of Silistra with the city of Dobrich.

Opština
Opština, općina, občina, obshtina or obshchina (Cyrillic: општина, опћина or община), is a local government unit in Slavic-speaking countries, most commonly translated as municipality in English. It is used by the following countries:
Hynson, Maryland
Hynson, is an unincorporated community on Maryland's Eastern Shore in Caroline County, Maryland, United States. The earliest record of its existence is from the 1875 Map of Caroline County, where it is referred to as  Newhope. In the 1897 Map of Caroline County, it is referred to as Hynson. The Hynson Post Office was located there, which operated from 1881 to 1907.

Caroline County, Maryland
Caroline County is a rural county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 33,293.  Its county seat is Denton. The county is part of the Mid-Eastern Shore region of the state.

Caroline County is bordered by Queen Anne's County to the north, Talbot County to the west, Dorchester County to the south, Kent County, Delaware, to the east, and Sussex County, Delaware, to the southeast.
Ahmad Fathi Sorour
Ahmad Fathi Sorour (Arabic: احمد فتحى سرور; 9 July 1932 – 5 April 2024) was an Egyptian politician who served as the 9th speaker of the People's Assembly of Egypt from 1990 until the Egyptian Revolution of 2011. Previously he had served in the government as Minister of Education from 1986 to 1990.

Sorour was first elected to the People's Assembly in April 1989, and he was elected as Speaker in November 1990. He was President of the Council of the Inter-Parliamentary Union in 1994–1997 and also served as President of the Union of African Parliaments in 1990–1991. According to Article 84 of the Egyptian Constitution, Sorour, as Speaker of the People's Assembly, was first in the order of succession to become President of Egypt if the President died, became incapacitated, or resigned. Upon the resignation of Hosni Mubarak in 2011, however, the military, headed by Mohamed Hussein Tantawi, assumed control of the state.

Constitution of Egypt
The Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt is the fundamental law of Egypt.
The Egyptian Constitution of 2014 was passed in a referendum in January 2014. The constitution took effect after the results were announced on 18 January 2014. A constitutional amendments referendum was held from 20 to 22 April 2019.
Functional matrix hypothesis
In the development of vertebrate animals, the functional matrix hypothesis is a phenomenological description of bone growth.  It proposes that "the origin, development and maintenance of all skeletal units are secondary, compensatory and mechanically obligatory responses to temporally and operationally prior demands of related functional matrices."

The fundamental basis for this hypothesis, laid out by Columbia anatomy professor Melvin Moss  is that bones do not grow but are grown, thus stressing the ontogenetic primacy of function over form.  This is in contrast to the current conventional scientific wisdom that genetic, rather than epigenetic (non-genetic) factors, control such growth.

The theory was introduced as a chapter in a dental textbook in 1962.

Columbia University College of Dental Medicine
The Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, often abbreviated CDM, is one of the 21 graduate and professional schools of Columbia University. It is located at 630 West 168th Street in Manhattan, New York City. According to American Dental Education Association, CDM is one of the most selective dental schools in the United States based on average DAT score, GPA, and acceptance rate. In 2017, 1,657 people applied for 84 positions in its entering class. The median undergraduate GPA and average DAT score for successful applicants in 2020 were 3.62 and 22.8, respectively.
Scott's Pi
Scott's pi (named after William A. Scott) is a statistic for measuring inter-rater reliability for nominal data in communication studies. Textual entities are annotated with categories by different annotators, and various measures are used to assess the extent of agreement between the annotators, one of which is Scott's pi. Since automatically annotating text is a popular problem in natural language processing, and the goal is to get the computer program that is being developed to agree with the humans in the annotations it creates, assessing the extent to which humans agree with each other is important for establishing a reasonable upper limit on computer performance.

Level of measurement
Level of measurement or scale of measure is a classification that describes the nature of information within the values assigned to variables. Psychologist Stanley Smith Stevens developed the best-known classification with four levels, or scales, of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. This framework of distinguishing levels of measurement originated in psychology and has since had a complex history, being adopted and extended in some disciplines and by some scholars, and criticized or rejected by others. Other classifications include those by Mosteller and Tukey, and by Chrisman.
1915 Stanley Cup Final
The 1915 Stanley Cup Final was played from March 22–26, 1915. The Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) champion Vancouver Millionaires swept the National Hockey Association (NHA) champion Ottawa Senators three games to none in a best-of-five game series. The finals were played in Vancouver, with games one, three and five played under PCHA rules. The Millionaires became the first team from the PCHA to win the Cup. This was the second Stanley Cup championship series between the champions of the NHA and the PCHA and the first held in a PCHA rink.

1914–15 NHA season
The 1914–15 NHA season was the sixth season of the National Hockey Association and played from December 26, 1914, until March 3, 1915. Each team played 20 games. The Ottawa Senators won the NHA championship in a two-game, total goal playoff against the Montreal Wanderers. The Senators, however fell to the Vancouver Millionaires of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association in the Stanley Cup championship. It was the second 'World's Series' between the NHA and the PCHA for the Stanley Cup.
The Evening Tribune (Hornell)
The Evening Tribune is an American daily newspaper published weekday mornings and on Sundays (as The Spectator) in Hornell, New York.

In addition to the city of Hornell, the Tribune and Spectator circulate in several villages and towns of eastern Allegany County and western Steuben County, including Alfred, Almond, Andover, Angelica, Arkport, Canaseraga and Canisteo.

The paper is considered a paper of public record by the Steuben County clerk's office.

Andover (village), New York
Andover is a village located in the town of Andover in Allegany County, New York, United States. The population was 1,042 at the 2010 census. The name is derived from Andover, Vermont.

The village of Andover is centrally located in the town and near the east county line.
Alice Bowe
Alice Bowe (born 1980) is an English garden designer and columnist for The Times.

Bowe was born September 1980 in Redhill, Surrey and grew up in Dorking before moving to the small village of Osgathorpe in Leicestershire at the age of nine.

After schooling at Loughborough High School in the East Midlands, she trained in fine art at Oxford University's Ruskin School of Drawing and Fine Art. She completed graduate studies in garden design and landscape architecture at the Oxford College of Garden Design.

Bowe was the winner of the BT Essence of an Entrepreneur award 2006, and a finalist in the Young Entrepreneur of the Year category at the Startups Awards in 2005.

Bowe features as a presenter on the BBC's RHS Chelsea Flower Show 2009 website.

Chelsea Flower Show
The RHS Chelsea Flower Show, formally known as the Great Spring Show, is a garden show held for five days in May by the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) in the grounds of the Royal Hospital Chelsea in Chelsea, London. Held at Chelsea since 1912, the show is attended by members of the British royal family.

Highlights to the Chelsea Flower Show include the avant-garde show gardens designed by leading names with Floral Marquee at the centrepiece. The Show also features smaller gardens such as the Artisan and Urban Gardens.
Jeremy Bolm
Jeremy X. Bolm is an American vocalist, record label owner, music producer and writer. In his music career, he is most known for being the full-time vocalist of the post-hardcore band Touché Amoré. He has also performed with the part-time bands Thriller, Deadhead and Hesitation Wounds. Outside of performing, Bolm runs the indie record label Secret Voice and self-publishes his own poetry zines.

Jacob Bannon
Jacob Bannon (born October 15, 1976) is an American musician and visual artist who is best known as the vocalist for the metalcore band Converge. He is the co-founder and owner of the record label Deathwish Inc. and the author of many visual works for independent punk rock and heavy metal musicians. Bannon has also composed and performed experimental music as Supermachiner with Ryan Parker and more recently as Wear Your Wounds.

Bannon exclusively employs screaming and other forms of harsh vocals without the augmentation of clean singing. Joe Davita of Loudwire described his style as "at times sounding less like a voice and more like a percussive instrument adding yet another hard-hitting layer to the music".
Politically exposed person
In financial regulation, a politically exposed person (PEP) is one who has been entrusted with a prominent public function. A PEP generally presents a higher risk for potential involvement in bribery and corruption by virtue of their position and the influence they may hold. The terms "politically exposed person" and senior foreign political figure are often used interchangeably, particularly in international forums.

Financial regulation
Financial regulation is a broad set of policies that apply to the financial sector in most jurisdictions, justified by two main features of finance: systemic risk, which implies that the failure of financial firms involves public interest considerations; and information asymmetry, which justifies curbs on freedom of contract in selected areas of financial services, particularly those that involve retail clients and/or principal–agent problems. An integral part of financial regulation is the supervision of designated financial firms and markets by specialized authorities such as securities commissions and bank supervisors.

In some jurisdictions, certain aspects of financial supervision are delegated to self-regulatory organizations. Financial regulation forms one of three legal categories which constitutes the content of financial law, the other two being market practices and case law.