hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Undergraduate research journal
An undergraduate research journal is an academic journal dedicated to publishing the work of undergraduate research students. Such journals have been described as important for the professionalization of students into their academic discipline and a more substantive opportunity to experience the publication and peer review process than inclusion in the acknowledgments or as one of many authors on a traditional publication. The model has been described as well established in the United States and as a potential extension to the traditional undergraduate dissertation written by students in the United Kingdom. A case study of student participation in the journal Reinvention: A Journal of Undergraduate Research, found that the process challenges the "student as consumer" model of higher education.

American Institute of Physics
The American Institute of Physics (AIP) promotes science and the profession of physics, publishes physics journals, and produces publications for scientific and engineering societies. The AIP is made up of various member societies. Its corporate headquarters are at the American Center for Physics in College Park, Maryland, but the institute also has offices in Melville, New York, and Beijing.
Literary language
Literary language is the register of a language used when writing in a formal, academic, or particularly polite tone; when speaking or writing in such a tone, it can also be known as formal language. It may be the standardized variety of a language. It can sometimes differ noticeably from the various spoken lects, but the difference between literary and non-literary forms is greater in some languages than in others. If there is a strong divergence between a written form and the spoken vernacular, the language is said to exhibit diglossia.

The understanding of the term differs from one linguistic tradition to another and is dependent on the terminological conventions adopted.

Aureation
Aureation ("to make golden", from Latin: aureus) is a device in arts of rhetoric that involves the "gilding" (or supposed heightening) of diction in one language by the introduction of terms from another, typically a classical language considered to be more prestigious. Aureation commonly involves other mannered rhetorical features in diction; for example circumlocution, which bears a relation to more native literary devices such as the kenning. It can be seen as analogous to Gothic schools of ornamentation in carving, painting, or ceremonial armoury.

In terms of prosody it stands in direct contrast to plain language and its use is sometimes regarded, by current standards of literary taste, as overblown and exaggerated. But aureated expression does not necessarily mean loss of precision or authenticity in poetry when handled by good practitioners.
Frieder
Frieder is both a surname and a masculine given name, a variant of Friedrich. People with the name include:

Surname:

Armin Frieder (1911–1946), Slovak Neolog rabbi

Bill Frieder (1942), former basketball coach

Katalin Frieder (1915–1991), Hungarian pianist

Given name:

Frieder Bernius (1947), German conductor

Frieder Birzele (1940–2023), German politician

Frieder Burda (1936–2019), German art collector

Frieder Gröger (1934–2018), German mycologist

Frieder Lippmann (1936–2023), German politician

Frieder Nake (1938), German computer scientist

Frieder Weissmann (1893–1984), German conductor and composer

Frieder Zschoch (1932–2016), German musicologist

Katalin Nemes
Katalin Nemes (born Katalin Frieder; 5 October 1915 - 29 March 1991) was a pianist and teacher. She was the wife of the writer and journalist György Nemes and the mother of the literary translator Anna Nemes.

From the age of 10 she attended the conservatory of Debrecen as a student of Margit Halácsy. From 1932 to 1937 she attended Franz Liszt Academy of Music and was taught by Imre Stefániai, Béla Bartók and Imre Keéri-Szántó. During this period she had to play on piano in a band. After getting degree, she married György Nemes.

She taught at Nemzeti Zenede from 1947 to 1949, and then between 1949 and 1951 at Musical Secondary Grammar School at Budapest. At this time she returned to the academy as a demonstrator. Later she became a professor; her primary subject was related to piano.

At the same time she was a leader of concerts.
Icelandic passport
Icelandic passports (Icelandic: íslenskt vegabréf) are issued to citizens of Iceland for the purpose of international travel. Beside serving as proof of Icelandic citizenship, they facilitate the process of securing assistance from Icelandic consular officials abroad (or public officials in the mission of another Nordic country in case an Icelandic consular official is absent).

As of 2023, 94.9% of Icelandic citizens possess an Icelandic passport. The only other official document issued by the Icelandic government stating Icelandic citizenship is the Icelandic identity card.

The passport allows for the freedom of movement in any of the states of EFTA and the EU/EEA. This is because Iceland is a member state of EFTA, and by virtue of it also being a member of the European Economic Area (EEA) and part of the Schengen Area. For travel within the Nordic countries no identity documentation is legally required for Nordic citizens due to the Nordic Passport Union.

Internal passport
An internal or domestic passport is a type of identity document issued in a passport-like booklet format. Internal passports may have a variety of uses including:

An ordinary identity document produced in a passport format (such as the modern Russian internal passport)

Recording the residence and place of employment of citizens for civil registration purposes (such as the Chinese hukou)

Management and restriction of internal migration (as in the Soviet Union)

Recording demographic information such as ethnicity and citizenship and immigration status, sometimes related to structural discrimination (such as the pass books in Apartheid South Africa)

Controlling access to closed cities and other sensitive locations

When passports first emerged, there was no clear distinction between internal and international ones. Later, some countries developed sophisticated systems of passports for various purposes and various groups of population.
Mercury FM
Mercury FM was an Independent Local Radio station in the Surrey and Sussex area of the United Kingdom that was founded on 20 October 1984 and closed on 25 July 2010. The station broadcast on FM 97.5 MHz in Horsham and 102.7 MHz in East Surrey and North Sussex and later merged with Heart Sussex to form Heart Sussex and Surrey.

Horsham
Horsham (/ˈhɔːrʃəm/) is a market town on the upper reaches of the River Arun on the fringe of the Weald, in West Sussex, England. The town lies 31 miles (50 km) south-south-west of London, 18.5 miles (30 km) north-west of Brighton and 26 miles (42 km) north-east of the county town of Chichester. Nearby towns include Crawley to the north-east and Haywards Heath and Burgess Hill to the south-east. It is the administrative centre of the Horsham district.
State Highway 39 (Rajasthan)
State Highway 39 is a state highway in Rajasthan state of India that connects Satur in Bundi district of Rajasthan with Mundwa in Nagaur district of Rajasthan. The total length of RJ SH 39 is 318 km. 
Length: 318 km Total length 318 km Satur
Shahpura,
Gulabpura, 
Bijaynagar,
Mandi Choraya
shivpuraghata
rawalabadiya
beawar 50 km from Ajmer 
Ghatii (6 km from beawar)
Choti roopnagar(7 km from beawar)
Roopnagar(9 km from Beawar)
Babra, 21 km from Beawar
Raas, 29 km from Beawar
Lambiya 46 km from Beawar
Merta [82 km from Beawar
Mundwa 110 km from Beawar

Shahpura, Bhilwara
Shahpura is a city and tehsil headquarter of Shahpura tehsil in Bhilwara district, in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It was made a district on 17 March 2023. But was cancelled by the state government later.
Busybody
A busybody, meddler, nosey parker, or marplot is someone who meddles in the affairs of others.

An early study of the type was made by the ancient Greek philosopher Theophrastus in his typology, Characters, "In the proffered services of the busybody there is much of the affectation of kind-heartedness, and little efficient aid."

Susanna Centlivre wrote a successful play, The Busie Body, which was first performed in 1709 and has been revived repeatedly since.  It is a farce in which Marplot interferes in the romantic affairs of his friends and, despite being well-meaning, frustrates them. The characterisation of Marplot as a busybody whose "chief pleasure is knowing everybody's business" was so popular that he appeared as the title character in a sequel, Marplot.  The name is a pun — mar / plot — and passed into the language as an eponym or personification of this type.

Susanna Centlivre
Susanna Centlivre (/sɛntˈlɪvər/ sent-LIV-ər or /sɛntˈliːvər/ sent-LEE-vər; born Susanna Freeman; baptised 1669 – 1 December 1723), also known professionally as Susanna Carroll, was an English poet, actress, and "the most successful female playwright of the eighteenth century". Centlivre's "pieces continued to be acted after the theatre managers had forgotten most of her contemporaries." During a long career at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, she became known as the second woman of the English stage, after Aphra Behn.
James Snyder (actor)
James Randall Snyder (born February 7, 1981) is an American actor and singer. He graduated from Christian Brothers High School in Sacramento, California and received his Bachelor of Fine Arts from the USC School of Dramatic Arts in Los Angeles, where he was a member of the SoCal VoCals, USC's premiere a cappella group.

Anna's Dream
Anna's Dream is an American television film directed by Colin Bickley, starring former Caitlin's Way star Lindsay Felton as Anna Morgan and former So Weird star Cara DeLizia as Beth Morgan. It aired on Pax TV on September 20, 2002.
Absolute Giganten
Absolute Giganten is a 1999 German comedy drama film written and directed by Sebastian Schipper, produced by Stefan Arndt and Tom Tykwer. Set in Hamburg, it depicts how a group of young Germans react to the prospect of one of them leaving forever, and involves drinking, V8 engines, and an extraordinary game of table football.

It was Schipper's first movie as a director. In the year 2000 the movie won the German Film Award in the category Outstanding Feature Film.

German Film Award
The German Film Award (German: Deutscher Filmpreis),  also known as Lola after its prize statuette, is the national film award of Germany. It is presented at an annual ceremony honouring cinematic achievements in the German film industry. Besides being the most important film award in Germany, it is also the most highly endowed German cultural award, with cash prizes in its current 20 categories totalling nearly three million euros.

From 1951 to 2004 it was awarded by a commission, but since 2005 the award has been organized by the German Film Academy (Deutsche Filmakademie). The Federal Commissioner for Cultural and Media Affairs has been responsible for the administration of the prize since 1999. The awards ceremony is traditionally held in Berlin.
M.P.M. Builders, LLC v. Dwyer
M.P.M. Builders, LLC v. Dwyer, 442 Mass. 87, 809 N.E.2d 1053 (2004), was a case decided by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court that first adopted the Restatement Third of Servitudes for the relocation of easements in that state. Attorney(s) appearing for the Case: Robert S. Mangiaratti (Judith S. Yogman with him) for the plaintiff and Edmund J. Brennan, Jr. (Michael J. Polak with him) for the defendant.

North Eastern Reporter
The North Eastern Reporter, North Eastern Reporter Second and North Eastern Reporter Third (ISSN 0275-262X) are United States regional case law reporters.  Collectively, the North Eastern Reporter is part of the National Reporter System created by John B. West for West Publishing Company, which is now part of Thomson West.

The North Eastern Reporter contains published U.S. state appellate court case decisions for:

Illinois

Indiana

Massachusetts

New York

Ohio

When cited, the North Eastern Reporter, North Eastern Reporter Second and North Eastern Reporter Third are abbreviated "N.E.", "N.E.2d" and "N.E.3d", respectively.
Moravian-Silesian Football League
The Moravian-Silesian Football League (MSFL; Czech: Moravskoslezská fotbalová liga) is one of the third level football leagues in the Czech Republic (the other is the Bohemian Football League) headquartered in Olomouc. The league comprises teams from the historic regions of Moravia and Silesia and partially also Bohemia.

The league was formed in 1991 during the Czechoslovakia era, replacing the former II.ČNL (II. Česká národni liga; Second Czech National League) at the third tier of Czechoslovak football alongside sister league ČFL.

The winner of MSFL is promoted to the Czech National Football League. Three clubs are promoted to the MSFL – the winners of Divize D, E and F of the Czech Fourth Division.

Olomouc
Olomouc (Czech pronunciation: [ˈolomouts] ⓘ; German: Olmütz) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 103,000 inhabitants, making it the sixth largest city in the country. It is the administrative centre of the Olomouc Region.

Located on the Morava River, the city is the ecclesiastical metropolis and was a historical co-capital city of Moravia, before having been occupied by the Swedish army during the Thirty Years' War. The historic city centre is well preserved and is protected as urban monument reservation. The Holy Trinity Column was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000 for its quintessential Baroque style and symbolic value.
Nashville season 1
The first season of the American television musical drama series Nashville premiered on October 10, 2012 and concluded on May 22, 2013 on ABC. The series was created by Academy Award winner Callie Khouri and produced by R.J. Cutler, Khouri, Dee Johnson, Steve Buchanan and Connie Britton. The series stars Connie Britton as Rayna Jaymes, a legendary country music superstar whose stardom is beginning to fade, and Hayden Panettiere as rising star Juliette Barnes.

The episodes, except for the pilot, are named after Hank Williams songs.

Dee Johnson
Dee Johnson is an American television producer and writer. She has worked on the series ER, Melrose Place, Commander in Chief, Southland, The Good Wife
 and was an executive producer and showrunner on Nashville for seasons one through four, exiting after the fourth season. In 2023, Johnson was an executive producer for the Peabody Award-winning miniseries  Fellow Travelers. The series won the award for Chronicling LGBTQ+ History Over 50 Years. Her production company is Small Wishes Productions.
Tarocin
Tarocin A and tarocin B are two structurally unrelated compounds that inhibit the TarO enzyme involved in teichoic acid biosynthesis in bacteria.

Using either of them with β-lactam antibiotics seems to be effective in mice against some β-lactam-resistant bacteria.

Because the tarocins lack activity when used alone it may simplify the clinical trials for approval for medical use.

Β-Lactam antibiotic
β-Lactam antibiotics (beta-lactam antibiotics) are antibiotics that contain a β-lactam ring in their chemical
structure. This includes penicillin derivatives (penams), cephalosporins and cephamycins (cephems), monobactams, carbapenems and carbacephems. Most β-lactam antibiotics work by inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis in the bacterial organism and are the most widely used group of antibiotics. Until 2003, when measured by sales, more than half of all commercially available antibiotics in use were β-lactam compounds. The first β-lactam antibiotic discovered, penicillin, was isolated from a strain of Penicillium rubens (named as Penicillium notatum at the time).

Bacteria often develop resistance to β-lactam antibiotics by synthesizing a β-lactamase, an enzyme that attacks the β-lactam ring. To overcome this resistance, β-lactam antibiotics can be given with β-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid.
Ashty, Republic of Dagestan
Ashty (Russian: Ашты; Dargwa: ГIяштти) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Ashtynsky Selsoviet, Dakhadayevsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 393 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.

Dakhadayevsky District
Dakhadayevsky District (Russian: Дахада́евский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the southern central part of the republic. The area of the district is 1,450 square kilometers (560 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Urkarakh. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 36,709, with the population of Urkarakh accounting for 12.0% of that number.
Charlie Pugh
Charles Henry Pugh (7 March 1896 – 23 January 1951) was a Welsh international rugby union player who played rugby for three notable Welsh clubs, Aberavon, Maesteg and Neath. He was capped seven times for Wales and was part of the Welsh team that faced the touring 1924 New Zealand team.

Neath RFC
Neath Rugby Football Club (Welsh: Clwb Rygbi Castell-Nedd) is a Welsh rugby union club which plays in the Indigo Premiership for Season 2024/25. The club's home ground is The Gnoll, Neath. The team is known as the  All Blacks because of the team colours: black with only a white cross pattée as an emblem. They were formed in 1871. They are feeder club to the Ospreys regional team.
Negreiros
Almada Negreiros (1893-1970), Portuguese artist

André Vidal de Negreiros, (1606 – 1680) was a Portuguese colonial governor and military man

António Lobo de Almada Negreiros,  journalist and colonialist writer, essayist and poet

Armando Negreiros,  freestyle swimmer from Brazil

Luis Negreiros, Peruvian sociologist and politician

Walter Ferraz de Negreiros (born 1946),  Brazilian retired footballer

Almada Negreiros
José Sobral de Almada Negreiros, usually known as Almada Negreiros (7 April 1893 – 15 June 1970), was a Portuguese artist. He was born in the colony of Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe, the son of a Portuguese father, António Lobo de Almada Negreiros, and a Santomean mother, Elvira Freire Sobral. Besides literature and painting, Almada developed ballet choreographies, and worked on tapestry, engraving, murals, caricature, mosaic, azulejo and stained glass.
Wilton Zaiser
Wilton Zaiser is an American gasser drag racer.

In 1956, at the NHRA national meet in Kansas City, Missouri, Zaiser won A/Gas.  His Oldsmobile-powered 1931 Ford turned in a pass of 13.32  seconds at 108.82 mph (175.13 km/h).

Zaiser took a second gasser class win at Detroit Dragway  in Detroit, Michigan, in B/GS in 1960, with an Oldsmobile-powered 1941 Willys.  He recorded a pass of 11.84  seconds at 121.29 mph (195.20 km/h).

Willys
Willys (pronounced /ˈwɪlɪs/ "Willis") was a brand name used by Willys–Overland Motors, an American automobile company, founded by John North Willys. It was best known for its design and production of World War II–era military jeeps (MBs), Willys M38 and M38A1 military jeeps as well as civilian versions (Jeep CJs), and branding the 'jeep' military slang-word into the '(Universal) Jeep' marque.
Javeria Abbasi
Javeria Abbasi (Urdu: جویریہ عباسی) is a Pakistani film and television actress, model and host. She has appeared in the Hum TV serials Dil, Diya, Dehleez (in which she plays a lead role) and Thori Si Khushiyan as well as Doraha, Andata, Sotayli, Tere Liye; the ARY Digital serials "Darmiyan" Phool Wali Gali and Phir Kho Jayye Na and PTV serials Maamta, Kash Mein Teri Beti Na Hoti and Chahatain. She made her film debut in the 2011 Pakistani film, Saltanat.

Javeria has a daughter, Anzela, with her first spouse Shamoon Abbasi. Javeria and Shamoon divorced in 2009, and Anzela lived afterwards with her mother. In 2023, Javeria arranged her daughter’s wedding. A year later Javeria got married with entrepreneur Adeel Haider.

Pakistan Television Corporation
Pakistan Television Corporation (Urdu: پاکستان ٹیلی وژن نیٹ ورک; reporting name: PTV), also known as Pakistan Television, is the Pakistani public broadcaster based in Islamabad, Pakistan, which comprises a number of TV channels.

The PTV is operated and managed directly under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of federal Government of Pakistan since its founding on 26 November 1964 when a pilot television station was established at Lahore, Punjab.
2025 MotoAmerica Superstock 1000 Championship
The 2025 MotoAmerica Superstock 1000 Championship season was the eleventh season of the Superstock 1000 class. The Superstock 1000 season started on May 2 at Road Atlanta, and finished on September 14 at Circuit of the Americas. This was the final season of the Superstock 1000 championship as a standalone series. Starting in 2026, the Superstock 1000 has been combined with the Superbike Cup to help expand the Superbike Championship.

The season ended with Andrew Lee of Orange Cat Racing winning his third Superstock 1000 championship.

Road Atlanta
Road Atlanta (known for sponsorship reasons as Michelin Raceway Road Atlanta) is a 2.540 mi (4.088 km) road course located just north of Braselton, Georgia, United States. The facility is utilized for a wide variety of events, including professional and amateur sports car and motorcycle races, racing and driving schools, corporate programs and testing for motorsports teams. The track has 12 turns, including the famous "esses" between turns three and five; and Turn 12, a downhill, diving turn. The track is owned by IMSA Holdings, LLC through its subsidiary Road Atlanta, LLC, and is the home to the Petit Le Mans, as well as AMA motorcycle racing, and smaller events throughout the year. Michelin acquired naming rights to the facility in 2018.
1918 Wellington South by-election
The Wellington South by-election of 1918 was a by-election held in the Wellington South electorate during the 19th New Zealand Parliament, on 19 December 1918. It was caused by the death of incumbent MP Alfred Hindmarsh, the leader of the Labour Party and was won by fellow party member Bob Semple with a majority of 1,231.

Alfred Hindmarsh
Alfred Humphrey Hindmarsh (18 April 1860 – 13 November 1918) was a New Zealand politician, lawyer, and unionist.  He died in the 1918 influenza epidemic. He served as the first leader of the modern New Zealand Labour Party.
How to Get Away with Murder season 1
The first season of the ABC American television drama series How to Get Away with Murder premiered on September 25, 2014, and concluded on February 26, 2015, with a total of 15 episodes. On May 7, 2015, the show was renewed by ABC for a second season.

For its first season, the series received numerous accolades. The show was honored as a Television Program of the Year by the American Film Institute. It was also named Outstanding Drama Series at the Image Awards and the GLAAD Awards. For her performance, Davis won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series, the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance in a Drama Series, and the Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Drama Series. Davis received nominations from the Golden Globe Awards for Best Actress in a Television Series, the Critics' Choice Awards for Best Actress in a Drama Series, and the Television Critics Association for Individual Achievement in Drama.

5th Critics' Choice Television Awards
The 5th Critics' Choice Television Awards ceremony, presented by the Broadcast Television Journalists Association (BTJA), honored the best in primetime television programming from June 1, 2014, to May 31, 2015, and was held on May 31, 2015, at The Beverly Hilton in Los Angeles, California. The ceremony was broadcast live on A&E.

The nominations were announced on May 6, 2015. Channelwise, HBO received a total of 27 nominations and FX came in second with 16. On May 13, 2015, Cat Deeley was announced as host. Seth MacFarlane received the Critics' Choice Louis XIII Genius Award.