hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hydnum rufescens
Hydnum rufescens, commonly known as the terracotta hedgehog, is an edible basidiomycete of the family Hydnaceae. It belongs to the small group of mushrooms often referred to as the tooth fungi, which produce fruit bodies whose cap undersurfaces are covered by hymenophores resembling spines or teeth, and not pores or gills.

It is very similar to the more common hedgehog fungus (Hydnum repandum), and was previously sometimes considered a variety of that species.  However, the following differences have been noted:

the cap of H. rufescens is russet rather than beige,

the overall dimensions are smaller and more regular in shape, with a central stipe,

the spines are not decurrent, and

the spores are slightly larger.

Both species are found in European coniferous and deciduous forests growing on soil. It is reportedly ectomycorrhizal with Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Fagus sylvatica and Quercus robur.

Decurrent
Decurrent (sometimes decurring) is a  term used in botany and mycology to describe plant or fungal parts that extend downward.

In botany, the term is most often applied to leaf blades that partly wrap or have wings around the stem or petiole and extend down along the stem. A "decurrent branching habit" is a plant form common for shrubs and most angiosperm trees, contrasted with the excurrent or "cone-shaped crown" common among many gymnosperms. The decurrent habit is characterized by having weak apical dominance that eventually produces a rounded or spreading tree crown. Examples of trees with decurrent habit are most hardwood trees: oak, hickory, maple, etc.

In mycology, the term is most often applied to the hymenophore of a basidiocarp (such as the lamellae or "gills" of a mushroom or the "pores" of a bracket fungus) when it is broadly attached to and extends down the stipe.
Abbots Ripton rail accident
The Abbots Ripton rail disaster occurred on 21 January 1876 at Abbots Ripton, then in the county of Huntingdonshire, England, on the Great Northern Railway main line, previously thought to be exemplary for railway safety. In the accident, the Special Scotch Express train from Edinburgh to London was involved in a collision, during a blizzard, with a coal train. An express travelling in the other direction then ran into the wreckage. The initial accident was caused by:

over-reliance on signals and block working as allowing high-speed running even in adverse conditions

systematic signal failure in the adverse conditions of that day due to a vulnerability to accumulation of snow and ice

The accident (and the subsequent inquiry into it) led to fundamental changes in British railway signalling practice.

Huntingdon
Huntingdon is a market town in the Huntingdonshire district of Cambridgeshire, England. The town was given its town charter by King John in 1205. It was the county town of the historic county of Huntingdonshire. Oliver Cromwell was born there in 1599 and became one of its Members of Parliament (MP) in 1628. The former Conservative Prime Minister (1990–1997) John Major served as its MP from 1979 until his retirement in 2001.
Punchline (film)
Punchline is a 1988 American comedy-drama film written and directed by David Seltzer and distributed by Columbia Pictures. Its story follows a talented young comic as he helps a housewife who wants to break into stand-up comedy. It stars Sally Field, Tom Hanks, John Goodman, and Mark Rydell.

The film was produced by Daniel Melnick and Michael I. Rachmil and was released on October 7, 1988. It grossed $21.0 million in the United States and Canada, against a budget of $15 million. It received generally mixed reviews and has a 57% approval rating based on 21 votes on Rotten Tomatoes.

Daniel Melnick
Daniel Melnick (April 21, 1932 – October 13, 2009) was an American film producer. He began his career in Hollywood as a teenager in television and later became the producer of such films as All That Jazz, Altered States and Straw Dogs. Melnick's films won more than 20 Academy Awards out of some 80 nominations.
Jack P. Juhan
Jack Phillip Juhan (December 28, 1904 – February 24, 2002) was a decorated officer of the United States Marine Corps, who reached the rank of major general. He is most noted for his service as executive officer of 8th Marine Regiment during the Pacific War. Juhan later served as commanding general of the Force Troops, Fleet Marine Force Atlantic and headed UN Personnel and Medical Processing Unit or 7th Marine Regiment during Korean War.

2nd Marine Division
The 2nd Marine Division (2nd MARDIV) is a division of the United States Marine Corps, which forms the ground combat element of the II Marine Expeditionary Force (II MEF). The division is based at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina and headquartered at Julian C. Smith Hall.

The 2nd Marine Division earned renown in World War II, distinguishing itself at Guadalcanal, Tarawa, Saipan, Tinian, and Okinawa.
Alexander McCall Smith bibliography
The bibliography of Alexander McCall Smith, a Scottish legal scholar and author of fiction. He was raised in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and was formerly Professor of Medical Law at the University of Edinburgh. He became an expert on medical law and bioethics and served on related British and international committees. He has since become known as a fiction writer, with sales in English exceeding 40 million by 2010 and translations into 46 languages.

44 Scotland Street
44 Scotland Street is an episodic novel by Alexander McCall Smith, the author of The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency.  The story was first published as a serial in The Scotsman, starting 26 January 2004, every weekday, for six months.  The book retains the 100+ short chapters of the original.  It was partially influenced by Armistead Maupin's Tales of the City, a famous serial story. It is the first book in a series of the same name. The series now has 17 books, as of 2024.
2014 Women's Hockey Investec Cup
The 2014 Women's Hockey Investec Cup was a women's field hockey tournament held at the Lee Valley Hockey and Tennis Centre. It took place between 9–13 July 2014 in London, England. A total of four teams competed for the title.

England won the tournament by defeating South Africa 2–1 in the final. Scotland won the bronze medal by defeating Wales 3–2 in the third and fourth playoff.

England women's national field hockey team
The England women's national field hockey team are the current Commonwealth Games champions having previously won silver 3 times. England have also won the 2006 Women's Field Hockey World Cup Qualifier and the 2002 Champions Challenge.
Ansonia albomaculata
Ansonia albomaculata, also known as the white-lipped slender toad and whitebelly stream toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the island of Borneo and can be found in Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia), Brunei, and northern Kalimantan (Indonesia).

Toad
Toad (also known as a hoptoad) is a common name for certain frogs, especially of the family Bufonidae, that are characterized by dry, leathery skin, short legs, and large bumps covering the parotoid glands.

In popular culture (folk taxonomy), toads are distinguished from frogs by their drier, rougher skin and association with more terrestrial habitats. However, this distinction does not align precisely with scientific taxonomy.
Onsen tamago
Onsen tamago (Japanese: 温泉卵 or 温泉玉子, lit. 'hot spring egg') is a traditional Japanese low temperature boiled egg which is slow cooked in the hot waters of onsen (hot springs) in Japan.

The egg has a unique texture in that the white tastes like a delicate custard (milky and soft) and the yolk comes out firm, but retains the colour and creamy texture. This special texture is the result of cooking it in a temperature high enough to solidify the yolk yet too low to solidify the white.

Low-temperature cooking
Low-temperature cooking is a cooking technique that uses temperatures in the range of about 60 to 90 °C (140 to 194 °F) for a prolonged time to cook food. Low-temperature cooking methods include sous vide cooking, slow cooking using a slow cooker, cooking in a normal oven which has a minimal setting of about 70 °C (158 °F), and using a combi steamer providing exact temperature control. The traditional cooking pit also cooks food at low temperature.

Cooking food by a low-temperature method does not necessarily imply that the internal temperature of the food is lower than by traditional cooking.

In the American South, this style of cooking is sometimes referred to as "low and slow".
Automatic radar plotting aid
A marine radar with automatic radar plotting aid (ARPA) capability can create tracks using radar contacts. The system can calculate the tracked object's course, speed and closest point of approach (CPA), thereby knowing if there is a danger of collision with the other ship or landmass.

Development of ARPA started after 1956, when the Italian liner SS Andrea Doria collided with the MS Stockholm in dense fog and sank off the east coast of the United States.  ARPA radars started to emerge in the 1960s, with the development of microelectronics.  The first commercially available ARPA was delivered to the cargo liner MV Taimyr in 1969 and was manufactured by Norcontrol, now a part of Kongsberg Gruppen. ARPA-enabled radars are now available even for small yachts.

Cargo liner
A cargo liner, also known as a passenger-cargo ship or passenger-cargoman, is a type of merchant ship which carries general cargo and often passengers.

They became common just after the middle of the 19th century, and eventually gave way to container ships and other more specialized carriers in the latter half of the 20th century.
Châteauneuf-sur-Charente
Châteauneuf-sur-Charente (French pronunciation: [ʃɑtonœf syʁ ʃaʁɑ̃t]; literally 'Châteauneuf on Charente') is a commune in Charente, a department in southwestern France. It is the seat of the canton of Charente-Champagne, and part of the Communauté d'agglomération du Grand Cognac.

The town is on the banks of the Charente, on the left bank of a large meander.

Charente (river)
The Charente (French: [ʃaʁɑ̃t] ⓘ; Occitan: Charanta [tʃaˈɾantɔ]) is a 381-kilometre (237 mi) long river in southwestern France.  
Its source is in the Haute-Vienne département at Chéronnac, a small village near Rochechouart. It flows through the departments of Haute-Vienne, Charente, Vienne and Charente-Maritime. The river flows into the Atlantic Ocean near Rochefort.
Small nucleolar RNA R16
In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA R16 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule identified in plants which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.

snoRNA R16 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.

snoR16 was identified in Arabidopsis thaliana. snoRNA R16 is related to another Arabidopsis snoRNA called R40.

Non-coding RNA
A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. The DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an RNA gene. Abundant and functionally important types of non-coding RNAs include transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), as well as small RNAs such as microRNAs, siRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNAs, snRNAs, exRNAs, scaRNAs and the long ncRNAs such as Xist and HOTAIR.

The number of non-coding RNAs within the human genome is unknown; however, recent transcriptomic and bioinformatic studies suggest that there are thousands of non-coding transcripts. 
Many of the newly identified ncRNAs have unknown functions, if any. 
There is no consensus on how much of non-coding transcription is functional: some believe most ncRNAs to be non-functional "junk RNA", spurious transcriptions, while others expect that many non-coding transcripts have functions to be discovered.
Edgel Groves
Edgel Groves is a recording artist/singer-songwriter who recorded the hit single "Footprints in the Sand" based on the anonymous poem of the same name in 1981. The song sold millions of copies and the record was No. 1 in "country music" and was a cross over hit and became No. 1 in Christian and country gospel. It was also voted the number one requested song of 1981 by American radio DJs. His number one hit is credited with making the poem famous.

Footprints (poem)
"Footprints", also known as "Footprints in the Sand", is a popular modern allegorical Christian poem. It describes a person who sees two pairs of footprints in the sand, one of which belonged to God, and another to themselves. At some points, the two pairs of footprints dwindle to one; it is explained that this is where God carried the protagonist.
Muda language
Muda (木达 or 母打) is a Loloish language of China.

There are over 2,000 Muda speakers in Nanlianshan Village Community 南联山村委会 (formerly Nanlianshan District, 南联山乡, now part of Gasa Township 嘎洒镇), Jinghong City, Yunnan, China (Xu 1991).

Jinghong
Jinghong (Chinese: 景洪; pinyin: Jǐnghóng; Tai Lü: ᦵᦋᧂ ᦣᦳᧂᧈ ᦉᦹᧈ; Burmese: ကျိုင်းဟုံ; Thai: เชียงรุ่ง, RTGS: Chiang Rung, pronounced [tɕʰīaŋ rûŋ]; Northern Thai: เจียงฮุ่ง, pronounced [tɕīaŋ hûŋ]; Lao: ຊຽງຮຸ່ງ, pronounced [síaŋ hūŋ]; also formerly romanised as Chiang Hung, Chengrung, Cheng Hung, Jeng Hung,  Jinghung, Keng Hung, Kiang Hung and Muangjinghung) is a city in and the seat of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, in the far south of China's Yunnan province, and the historic capital of the former Tai kingdom of Sipsongpanna.
Nordberg Church (Oslo)
Nordberg Church is a hexagonal church, located in the neighbourhood of Nordberg in Oslo, Norway.

The church was completed in 1962 and was restored and expanded with a church parlor in 1982. The facade is in white bricks and has a characteristic church tower which can be seen from large parts of the city of Oslo. It is one of the largest churches in the city.

The altar tapestry, The Resurrection, was made by Kari-Bjørg Ile. It came into place in 1992. The pulpit and the baptismal font are made according to the architects' drawings. The current church organ from 2015 is a digital organ of the type Johannus Monarke Präludium.

There are two church bells from Olsen Nauen Bell Foundry in the church tower.

Outside the church is a log house, a former chapel used for the church's nursery.

The church is listed by the Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage and protected by Norwegian law.

Nordberg
Nordberg is a neighbourhood in Nordre Aker in Oslo, the capital of Norway.

From 1934 to 1992 it was served by Nordberg Station on the Sognsvann Line, but is now served by Østhorn and Holstein on the same line.
Rothschild's Violin (opera)
Rothschild's Violin (Russian: Скрипка Ротшильда) is a one-act opera by Russian composer Veniamin Fleishman (1913–1941) set to the Russian libretto by the composer after the short story "Rothschild's Fiddle" by Anton Chekhov.

The opera centres on the bitter central character, Yakov Ivanov, a coffin-maker and amateur fiddler, his gradual understanding of life and his bequest of his violin to Rothschild, who also plays in the Jewish band with Ivanov and whom he has treated with contempt.

Dmitri Smirnov (composer)
Dmitri Nikolaevich Smirnov (Russian: Дми́трий Никола́евич Смирно́в; 2 November 1948 – 9 April 2020) was a Russian-British composer and academic teacher, who also published as Dmitri N. Smirnov and D. Smirnov-Sadovsky. He wrote operas, symphonies, string quartets and other chamber music, and vocal music from song to oratorio. Many of his works were inspired by the art of William Blake.
Ryukyu Kobudo
Ryukyu Kobudo is the branch of Okinawan Kobudo developed and systemized by Taira Shinken under the Ryukyu Kobudo  Hozon Shinko Kai association.

Ryukyu Kobudo uses the following weapons: Bō (in various lengths), Sai, Eku, Kama, Tinbe-Rochin, Tekko, Nunchaku, Tonfa and Surujin.

Tinbe-rochin
The term Tinbe-Rochin refers to an arms and armor combination of a short spear (rochin, ローチン) and a shield (tinbe or tinbei, ティンベー).  It is one of the least well-known Okinawan weapon systems. The tinbe can be made of various materials but is commonly found in vine, cane, metal, or turtle shell. The shield size is generally about 45 cm long and 38 cm wide . The length of the rochin is usually equivalent to the length of the forearm and can be found in many differing designs varying from spears to short swords and machete-style (seiryuto) implements. In use, the techniques tend to be circular in order to avoid excessive contact with the shield . The short spear is predominantly used in an upward stabbing motion, piercing armor under the rib cage, armpits, and throat although dependent upon the type of Rochin used, slashing motions can also be employed.
English cricket team in the West Indies in 2024–25
The England cricket team toured the West Indies in October and November 2024 to play the West Indies cricket team. The tour consisted of three One Day International (ODI) and five Twenty20 International (T20I) matches. In May 2024, the Cricket West Indies (CWI) had confirmed the fixtures for the tour, as a part of the 2024–25 home international season.

Liam Livingstone
Liam Stephen Livingstone (born 4 August 1993) is an English international cricketer who has captained the England ODI team. He is a right-handed batter and spin bowler, capable of bowling both right-arm leg and off spin. He also plays for Lancashire in domestic cricket. He represents Birmingham Phoenix in The Hundred and was awarded the "Most Valuable Player" in the inaugural edition of the tournament. Livingstone s a member of the England team that won the 2022 T20 World Cup.
Keith Foote Nyborg
Keith Foote Nyborg (March 4, 1930 – September 15, 2019) was an American businessman who served as the United States Ambassador to Finland from 1981 to 1986.

He died on September 15, 2019, in Ashton, Idaho at age 89.

Ashton, Idaho
Ashton is a city in Fremont County, Idaho, United States. The population was 949 at the 2020 census, and it is part of the Rexburg Micropolitan Statistical Area. The district is noted for seed potato production and bills itself as the world's largest seed potato growing area.
Arizona Mahoney
Arizona Mahoney is a 1936 American Western film directed by James P. Hogan and written by Stuart Anthony and Robert Yost. The film stars Joe Cook, Robert Cummings, June Martel, Buster Crabbe, Marjorie Gateson and John Miljan. It is based on the short story "Stairs of Sand" by Zane Grey. The film was released on December 4, 1936, by Paramount Pictures.

James P. Hogan (director)
James Patrick Hogan (commonly referred to as simply James Hogan) (September 21, 1890 in Lowell, Massachusetts – November 4, 1943 in North Hollywood, California) was an American filmmaker.
The films Hogan directed include Bulldog Drummond's Secret Police (1939) and The Mad Ghoul (1943), his last film. He died from a heart attack aged 53.
Kara-Kyrgyz Khanate
The Kyrgyz Khanate, also the Kara-Kyrgyz Khanate or the Ormon Khanate, was a feudal state of the Kyrgyz people established in the northern part of the territory of present-day Kyrgyzstan that existed from 1841 to 1867. The khanate was proclaimed as a result of the confederation of a number of northern Kyrgyz tribes at the initiative of Ormon Khan in 1841, who became the first ruler of the khanate. After the death of Ormon Khan, his son Umetaaly would succeed him and continue to govern the fragmented khanate, where he would later face Russian annexation in 1867, eventually ending the khanate rule.

Kyrgyz people
The Kyrgyz people are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia. They primarily reside in Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, China, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. A Kyrgyz diaspora is also found in Russia, Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan. They speak the Kyrgyz language, which is the official language of Kyrgyzstan.

The earliest people known as "Kyrgyz" were the descendants of several Central Asian tribes, first emerging in western Mongolia around 201 BC. Modern Kyrgyz people are descended in part from the Yenisei Kyrgyz that lived in the Yenisey river valley in Siberia. The Kyrgyz people were constituents of the Tiele people, the Göktürks, and the Uyghur Khaganate before establishing the Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate in the 9th century, and later a Kyrgyz khanate in the 15th century.
You Are We
You Are We is the third studio album by English metalcore band While She Sleeps. The band decided to release it through their independent label Sleeps Brothers, and funded the album through PledgeMusic. It was released on 21 April 2017 in collaboration with SharpTone Records, Arising Empire and UNFD. The album was produced by the band themselves and Carl Bown.

Arising Empire
Arising Empire is a German independent record label that focuses primarily on punk, rock, alternative, post-hardcore, and all forms and subsidiaries of metalcore music. It was first established in 2015 in Donzdorf, Baden-Württemberg.
Swoveberg
Swoveberg (Swovenberg, from German: Schwaben Berg, "Swabia Mountain") is a low mountain in Northampton County, Pennsylvania in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania. The main peak, which rises to 853 feet (260 m), is in Lower Saucon Township, east of Hellertown. Hellertown Reservoir adjoins the mountain to the south.

It is a part of the Reading Prong of the Appalachian Mountains.

Lower Saucon Township, Pennsylvania
Lower Saucon Township is a township in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, United States. The township's population was 10,772 as of the 2010 census. The township is part of the Lehigh Valley metropolitan area, which had a population of 861,899 and was the 68th-most populous metropolitan area in the U.S. as of the 2020 census.

Lower Saucon Township is located 6 miles (9.7 km) east of Allentown, 58.9 miles (94.8 km) north of Philadelphia, and 83.6 miles (134.5 km) west of New York City. Addresses in nearby in township are either Hellertown or Bethlehem.
Blank verse
Blank verse is poetry written with regular metrical but unrhymed lines, usually in iambic pentameter. It has been described as "probably the most common and influential form that English poetry has taken since the 16th century", and Paul Fussell has estimated that "about three quarters of all English poetry is in blank verse".

The first known use of blank verse in English was by Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey in his translation of the Aeneid (composed c. 1540; published posthumously, 1554–1557). He may have been inspired by the Latin original since classical Latin verse did not use rhyme, or possibly he was inspired by Ancient Greek verse or the Italian verse form of versi sciolti, both of which also did not use rhyme.

The play Arden of Faversham (around 1590 by an unknown author) is a notable example of end-stopped blank verse.

Paul Fussell
Paul Fussell Jr. (22 March 1924 – 23 May 2012) was an American cultural and literary historian, author and university professor. His writings cover a variety of topics, from scholarly works on eighteenth-century English literature to commentary on America's class system. Fussell served in the 103rd Infantry Division during World War II and was wounded in fighting in France. Returning to the US, Fussell wrote extensively and held several faculty positions, most prominently at Rutgers University (1955–1983) and at the University of Pennsylvania (1983–1994). He is best known for his writings about World War I and II, which explore what he felt was the gap between the romantic myth and the reality of war; he made a "career out of refusing to disguise it or elevate it".