hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Gibson (martyr)
William Gibson (1548 – 29 November 1596) was a layman from Ripon in Yorkshire, England, a member of a noble Scottish family, who was executed at York for professing the Roman Catholic faith. He is honoured as a martyr by the Catholic Church.

With him also suffered George Errington of Herst, Northumberland; William Knight of South Duffield and (after a short reprieve) Henry Abbot of Howden, also in Yorkshire.

Howden
Howden (/ˈhaʊdən/) is a market town and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It lies in the Vale of York to the north of the M62, on the A614 road about 16 miles (26 km) south-east of York and 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Goole, which lies across the River Ouse. It is known for Howden Minster, one of the largest churches in the East Riding.

William the Conqueror gave the town to the Bishops of Durham in 1080. The wapentake of Howdenshire was named after the town, and remained an exclave of County Durham until as late as 1846. The original boundaries of the wapentake were used for the current two government wards of Howden and Howdenshire, which had a combined population of 19,753 at the 2011 census.
1969 Rhodesian constitutional referendum
A double referendum was held in Rhodesia on 20 June 1969, in which voters were asked whether they were in favour of or against a) the adoption of a republican form of government, and b) the proposals for a new Constitution, as set out in a white paper and published in a Gazette Extraordinary on 21 May 1969. Both proposals were approved. The country was subsequently declared a republic on 2 March 1970.

White paper
A white paper is a report or guide that informs readers concisely about a complex issue and presents the issuing body's philosophy on the matter. It is meant to help readers understand an issue, solve a problem, or make a decision. Since the 1990s, this type of document has proliferated in business.  Today, a business-to-business white paper falls under grey literature, more akin to a marketing presentation meant to persuade customers and partners, and promote a certain product or viewpoint.

The term originated in the 1920s to mean a type of position paper or industry report published by a department of the UK government.
Joseph T. Adams House
Joseph T. Adams House is a historic home located at Georgetown, Sussex County, Delaware.  It was built in 1868, and is a two-story, five-bay, shingled frame dwelling in the Greek Revival style.  It has a rear ell, gable roof, and cross-gable dormer.  It features corner columns and an elaborate Italianate style cornice.  In 1957, the house was acquired for the first permanent home for the Georgetown town offices since its establishment in 1791.

Joseph T. Adams (1831-1905) was recorded as working as a clerk on the 1850 and 1860 Census. He was an alderman of the Town of Georgetown from 1873-1876. Ownership of the house passed to his wife, Jane Adams, when he died. When she died in 1914, it passed to their son, William Adams.

The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

Sussex County, Delaware
Sussex County is a county in the southern part of the U.S. state of Delaware, on the Delmarva Peninsula. As of the 2020 census, the population was 237,378, making it the state's second most populated county behind New Castle and ahead of Kent. The county seat is Georgetown.

The first European settlement in the state of Delaware was founded by the Dutch in 1631 near the present-day town of Lewes on the Atlantic Coast. However, Sussex County was not organized until 1683 under English colonial rule.

Sussex County forms the Seaford, Delaware, Micropolitan Statistical Area.
2018 Wimbledon Championships – Girls' singles
Iga Świątek defeated Leonie Küng in the final, 6–4, 6–2 to win the girls' singles tennis title at the 2018 Wimbledon Championships. Świątek went on to win the ladies' singles title in 2025.

Claire Liu was the defending champion, but chose not to compete in the junior event. She received a wildcard into the qualifying competition and won three matches to qualify for the main draw before losing to eventual champion Angelique Kerber in the second round; she was the only player in the tournament to win a set against Kerber.

This tournament featured a second-round match between Emma Raducanu and Leylah Fernandez; the pair would later face off in the women's final of the 2021 US Open. Raducanu won this encounter before losing to Świątek in the quarterfinals.

Leylah Fernandez
Leylah Annie Fernandez (born 6 September 2002) is a Canadian professional tennis player. She has been ranked as high as No. 13 by the WTA on 8 August 2022. Her best doubles ranking is world No. 17, achieved on 23 October 2023. Fernandez won her first WTA Tour title at the 2021 Monterrey Open, and has won five WTA singles titles overall. As a 19-year-old, she finished runner-up at the 2021 US Open to fellow teenager Emma Raducanu, defeating three top-5 players en route to the final, including defending champion Naomi Osaka.

Fernandez played a pivotal role in Canada's first-ever Billie Jean King Cup win in 2023, defeating Jasmine Paolini in the final.
Harati High School
Harati High School (دبیرستان هراتی) is one of Isfahan’s most prestigious high schools, established more than half a century ago through the initiative and funding of Mohammad Sheikhzadeh Herati Yazdi. The two-storey mid-20th-century campus on Kamal Esmaeel Avenue occupies about approx. 8750 m² near the Zayandeh River and features decorative tilework by master craftsman Mohammad Ali Maghzi; the building is listed on Iran’s register of national heritage sites.

Zayanderud
The Zayanderud or Zayandehrud (Persian: Zāyanderūd ,زاینده‌رود; from زاینده [zɑːjændɛ] "fertile" or "life-giver", and رود [rʊːd] "river"), also spelled as Zayanderud or Zayanderood, ..., is the largest river of the Iranian Plateau in central Iran.
Potassium dideuterium phosphate
Deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KD2PO4 or K2H2PO4) or DKDP single crystals are widely used in non-linear optics as the second, third and fourth harmonic generators for Nd:YAG and Nd:YLF lasers. They are also found in electro-optical applications as Q-switches for Nd:YAG, Nd:YLF, alexandrite and Ti-sapphire lasers, as well as for Pockels cells.

DKDP is monopotassium phosphate (KDP, or KH2PO4), but using deuterium. Replacement of hydrogen by deuterium in DKDP lowers the frequency of O–H vibrations and their overtones (high-order harmonics). Absorption of light by those overtones is detrimental for the infrared lasers, which DKDP and KDP crystals are used for. Consequently, despite higher cost, DKDP is more popular than KDP.

DKDP crystals are grown by a water-solution method at usual level of deuteration >98%.

Q-switching
Q-switching, sometimes known as giant pulse formation or Q-spoiling, is a technique by which a laser can be made to produce a pulsed output beam. The technique allows the production of light pulses with extremely high (gigawatt) peak power, much higher than would be produced by the same laser if it were operating in a continuous wave (constant output) mode. Compared to mode locking, another technique for pulse generation with lasers, Q-switching leads to much lower pulse repetition rates, much higher pulse energies, and much longer pulse durations. The two techniques are sometimes applied together.

Q-switching was first proposed in 1958 by Gordon Gould, and independently discovered and demonstrated in 1961 or 1962 by R.W. Hellwarth and F.J. McClung at Hughes Research Laboratories using electrically switched Kerr cell shutters in a ruby laser. Optical nonlinearities such as Q-switching were fully explained by Nicolaas Bloembergen, who won the Nobel Prize in 1981 for this work.
Dmytro Kushnirov
Dmytro Kushnirov (Ukrainian: Дмитро Олександрович Кушніров, born 1 April 1990) is a Ukrainian retired professional football defender who last played for Daugava Daugavpils in the Latvian Higher League and currently is retired from professional football career.

Kushnirov is product of RVUFK Kyiv sportive school.

He became the Champion of the European Under-19 Football Championship in 2009.

As for 2016 Kushnirov is working in the Ukrainian police and in February 2017 was promoted to the police rank of lieutenant.

FC Daugava
FC Daugava was a Latvian football club, based at the Daugava Stadium, in the city of Daugavpils. It was founded as FC Ditton in 2001. They lastly played in the Latvian Second League in 2015. They were one of two simultaneous clubs with the name Daugava and should not be confused with the historic FK Daugava Rīga.

In 2008, they won the Latvian Cup. In 2012, they won their first ever Latvian Higher League championship.
Kwame Kenyatta
Kwame Kenyatta (March 15, 1956 – May 22, 2019) was an American politician.

Kenyatta was an African-American who lived in Detroit, Michigan. He served on the Wayne County Commission and the Detroit Board of Education. Kenyatta also served on the Detroit City Council from 2006 to 2013.

Kwame Kenyatta's name included components from the names of two well-known Black African revolutionaries - Kwame Nkruma (Ghana) and Jomo Kenyatta (Kenya).

Detroit Public Schools Community District
Detroit Public Schools Community District (DPSCD) is a public school district that serves Detroit, Michigan, and high school students in Highland Park, Michigan. The district, which replaced the original Detroit Public Schools (DPS) in 2016, provides services to approximately 50,000 students, making it the largest school district in the state.  The district has its headquarters in the Fisher Building of the New Center area of Detroit.

The school district has experienced extensive financial difficulties over a series of years. From 1999 to 2005, and from 2009 to the reorganization in 2016, the district was overseen by a succession of state-appointed emergency financial managers.
Settebello (train)
The Settebello was a famous Italian high-speed express train that linked Milano Centrale in Milan with Roma Termini station in Rome, via Bologna and Florence.  Introduced in 1953, it was operated by the Italian State Railways (FS) and used the distinctive ETR 300-type electric multiple unit trainsets, featuring observation lounges at the front and rear of the train. When introduced, it "set a standard of speed and luxurious travelling accommodation previously unknown in Italy [and] rivalling anything else on European rails." It was a Trans Europ Express (TEE) from 1974 until its withdrawal, in 1984.

Roma Termini railway station
Roma Termini (in Italian, Stazione Termini) (IATA: XRJ) is the main railway station of Rome, Italy. It is named after the district of the same name, which in turn took its name from ancient Baths of Diocletian (in Latin, thermae), which lies across the street from the main entrance. It is Italy's busiest railway station and the fifth-busiest in Europe, with a traffic volume of approximately 150 million passengers per year, and with 850 trains in transit per day.
11th New Brunswick Legislature
The 11th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly represented New Brunswick between January 20, 1835, and August 18, 1837.

The assembly sat at the pleasure of the Governor of New Brunswick Sir Archibald Campbell.

The speaker of the house was selected as Charles Simonds.

Sir Archibald Campbell, 1st Baronet
Sir Archibald Campbell, 1st Baronet, GCB (12 March 1769 – 6 October 1843) was a British army officer.  From 1824 to 1826, Gen. Campbell commanded the British forces in the First Anglo-Burmese War, the longest and most expensive war in British Indian history, that gave the British control of Assam, Manipur, Cachar, Jaintia, Arakan and Tenasserim. He became known as the "Hero of Ava". From 1831 to 1837, he was the administrator of the colony of New Brunswick, Canada.  The Canadian city of Campbellton in the province of New Brunswick was named in his honour.
Rebellion Beer Company
The Rebellion Beer Company in Marlow Bottom, Buckinghamshire, England is a microbrewery that produces regular and seasonal beers. It uses the chalky water of the local Chiltern Hills, which has high levels of minerals and salts.

Chiltern Hills
The Chiltern Hills or the Chilterns are a chalk escarpment in southern England to the northwest of London, covering 660 square miles (1700 sq km) across Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire and stretching 45 miles (72 km) from Goring-on-Thames in the southwest to Hitchin in the northeast. The hills are 12 miles (19 km) at their widest.

In 1964, 833 square kilometres - almost half of the Chiltern Hills - were designated by the Countryside Commission
as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) under the powers established by the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949.

The northwest boundary of the Chilterns is clearly defined by the escarpment. The dip slope is by definition more gradual and merges with the landscape to the southeast. The southwest endpoint is the River Thames. The hills decline slowly in prominence in northeast Bedfordshire.
Michel Rougerie
Michel Rougerie (21 April 1950 in Montreuil-sous-Bois – 31 May 1981 in Rijeka) was a French professional motorcycle racer. He competed in the Grand Prix road racing world championships from 1972 to 1981.

His best year was in 1975 when he won two races and finished in second place in the 250cc world championship behind his Harley-Davidson team-mate Walter Villa. Rougerie actually scored more points than Villa that season, but because only the best six results of the season were counted, he lost the championship.

At the 1980 British Grand Prix at Silverstone, Rougerie was involved in a collision which claimed the life of fellow French racer Patrick Pons. He was killed under similar circumstances just nine months later, at the 1981 Yugoslavian Grand Prix, where he was struck by his teammate Roger Sibille having just recovered from a crash.

Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis
Montreuil (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃tʁœj] ⓘ), also known unofficially as Montreuil-sous-Bois (pronounced [mɔ̃tʁœj su bwa]), is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 6.6 km (4.1 mi) from the centre of Paris, in the Seine-Saint-Denis department and in the Métropole du Grand Paris. With a population of 111,367 as of 2020, Montreuil is the third most populous suburb of Paris after Boulogne-Billancourt and Saint-Denis. It is located north of Paris's Bois de Vincennes (in the 12th arrondissement), on the border with Val-de-Marne.
2024 Kurume U.S.E Cup – Doubles
Talia Gibson and Wang Yafan were the defending champions but chose not to participate.

Madeleine Brooks and Sarah Beth Grey won the title, defeating Momoko Kobori and Ayano Shimizu in the final, 6–4, 6–0.

Momoko Kobori
Momoko Kobori (小堀 桃子, Kobori Momoko; born 22 August 1998) is a Japanese female tennis player.
She has career-high WTA rankings of world No. 226 in singles, achieved on 22 April 2019, and No. 95 in doubles, set on 3 November 2025. 
She has won two singles titles and 21 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.
Money shot
A money shot is a moving or stationary visual element of a film, video, television broadcast, or print publication that is disproportionately expensive to produce or is perceived as essential to the overall importance or revenue-generating potential of the work.

Publication
To publish is to make content available to the general public. While specific use of the term may vary among countries, it is usually applied to text, images, or other audio-visual content, including paper (newspapers, magazines, catalogs, etc.). Publication means the act of publishing, and also any copies issued for public distribution.
Clarrie Grimmett
Clarence Victor Grimmett (25 December 1891 – 2 May 1980) was a New Zealand-born Australian cricketer. He was one of the finest  spin bowlers of his time and usually credited as the developer of the flipper.

Spin bowling
Spin bowling is a bowling technique in cricket, in which the ball is delivered relatively slowly but with rapid rotation, giving it the potential to deviate sharply after bouncing. A bowler who uses this technique is called a spinner, a spin bowler, or a slow bowler.

It is one of the two main approaches to bowling, the other being fast bowling.

A spinner may bowl with their right-arm or left-arm, and with a finger spin or wrist spin action. Therefore, there are four types of spin bowling: off spin, leg spin, left-arm orthodox spin and left-arm unorthodox spin.

The bowlers with the highest, second-highest and fourth-highest number of wickets in the history of Test cricket, Muttiah Muralitharan, Shane Warne and Anil Kumble, respectively, were spinners.
Temata
Temata is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Farrell Temata (c. 1944–2013), New Zealand rugby union player and coach

Karl Temata (born 1978), New Zealand rugby league player

Sonya Apa Temata, New Zealand activist and nurse

Tessa Temata (c. 1967–2019), New Zealand diplomat

Tessa Temata
Tessa Temata (c. 1967 – 8 December 2019) was a New Zealand career diplomat and lawyer who served as High Commissioner to the Cook Islands from February 2019 until her death in December 2019. Temata was the first person of Cook Islander descent to serve as New Zealand High Commissioner to the Cook Islands, as well as the first female High Commissioner of Pasifika descent to be posted anywhere in Oceania. Prior to her appointment as High Commissioner, Temata had served as a diplomat in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Kiribati, and Niue.
World Rugby Men's 15s Dream Team of the Year
World Rugby Men's 15s Dream Team of the Year was first presented in 2021 by World Rugby. The award is open to all men's 15s players who have played international test matches in the voting year. They are voted by a panel of international past players and coaches, World Rugby Hall of Fame inductees and the rugby media.

The 2021 panel was composed of Maggie Alphonsi (ENG), Fiona Coghlan (IRE), Thierry Dusautoir (FRA), George Gregan (AUS), Richie McCaw (NZL), Brian O'Driscoll (IRE), Melodie Robinson (NZL), John Smit (RSA), and the 2003 Coach of the Year, Sir Clive Woodward (ENG). In 2021, England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales each had one player selected; Australia had two, New Zealand had three, and South Africa had the majority of five. Four of the Men's 15s Player of the Year nominees were included. The players selected had a combined 850 caps.

As of 2025, Will Jordan is the only player to have been selected for all five World Rugby Dream Teams of the Year.

Will Jordan (rugby union)
William Thomas Jordan (born 24 February 1998) is a New Zealand rugby union player who plays as a fullback for the Crusaders in Super Rugby, Tasman in the National Provincial Championship (NPC), and the New Zealand national team.

Jordan began his professional career with provincial side Tasman in 2017 and was signed by the Crusaders in 2018, making his debut in 2019 after missing the previous year with injury. Jordan quickly established himself as a starting player on the back of their title winning season (2018) before becoming their first choice fullback. He made his international debut for New Zealand in 2020 and holds a try ratio of 0.83, having scored 45 tries in 54 appearances. Since 2024 Jordan has been talked up by numerous figures and outlets as one of the best fullbacks in the world.
Oshino Hakkai
Oshino Hakkai (Japanese: 忍野八海, literally Eight Seas in Oshino) are the eight springs found in Oshino, Yamanashi, Japan. The aquifer water from Mount Fuji comes out to the ground to form these springs. They are a Natural monument of Japan, part of the Mount Fuji World Heritage Site, and one of Yamanashi Prefecture's important tourist attractions.

Natural monument
A natural monument is a natural or cultural feature of outstanding or unique value because of its inherent rarity, representative of aesthetic qualities, or cultural significance. They can be natural geological and geographical features such as waterfalls, cliffs, craters, fossil, sand dunes, rock forms, valleys and coral reefs. Locations important to faith groups may be considered natural monuments. Archeological and historical sites linked to the natural environment are also included, such as cave art. This is especially true when relevant to the land of Indigenous Peoples.
1889 Birthday Honours
The 1889 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen, and were published in the London Gazette on 24 May 1889 and in The Times on 25 May 1889.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom and the British Overseas Territories, personal bravery, achievement, or service are rewarded with honours. The honours system consists of three types of award:

Honours are used to recognise merit in terms of achievement and service;

Decorations tend to be used to recognise specific deeds;

Medals are used to recognise service on a particular operation or in a specific theatre, long or valuable service, and good conduct.

Appointments to the various orders and awards of other honours are usually published in The London Gazette.
Lisa Berry
Lisa Berry  (born November 6, 1979) is a Canadian actress, seen regularly on television with appearances in The Colony, Northpole: Open for Christmas, Combat Hospital, Bad Blood, Shadowhunters: The Mortal Instruments, 19-2 and Supernatural. Other credits include Departure (2019-2022), Ghostwriter (2022), Slasher (2019-2023).

2012 Toronto International Film Festival
The 37th annual Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) was held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada between September 6 and September 16, 2012. TIFF announced the films that were accepted on August 21, 2012. On its 37th edition the TIFF included a 289 feature films and 83 short films. Directed by Rian Johnson, Looper  was selected as the opening film.
Artocarpus mariannensis
Artocarpus mariannensis (Chamorro: dugdug), also known as the Marianas breadfruit or the seeded breadfruit, is a species of plant in the mulberry / fig family, Moraceae.  It is endemic to the Mariana Islands and Guam. It has been utilized extensively by the Micronesian people, being one of the staple food crops that was introduced to other islands in Micronesia.

Chamorro language
Chamorro is an Austronesian language spoken by about 58,000 people, numbering about 25,800 on Guam and about 32,200 in the Northern Mariana Islands and elsewhere.

It is the historic native language of the Chamorro people, who are indigenous to the Mariana Islands, although it is less commonly spoken today than in the past. Chamorro has three distinct dialects: Guamanian, Rotanese, and that in the other Northern Mariana Islands (NMI).
Penile cancer
Penile cancer, or penile carcinoma, is a cancer that develops in the skin or tissues of the penis. Symptoms may include abnormal growth, an ulcer or sore on the skin of the penis, and bleeding or foul-smelling discharge.

Risk factors include phimosis (inability to retract the foreskin of the penis), chronic inflammation, smoking, HPV infection, condylomata acuminate, having multiple sexual partners, and early age of sexual intercourse.

Around 95% of penile cancers are squamous-cell carcinomas. Other types of penile cancer, such as Merkel-cell carcinoma, small-cell carcinoma, and melanoma, are generally rare. In 2020, it occurred in 36,000 men and caused 13,000 deaths.

Genital ulcer
A genital ulcer is an open sore located on the genital area, which includes the vulva, penis, perianal region, or anus. Genital ulcers are most commonly caused by infectious agents (fungal infections, secondary bacterial infections, or sexually transmitted infections such as genital herpes, syphilis or chancroid). However, this is not always the case, as a genital ulcer may have noninfectious causes as well.