hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010
The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010 is the name of a United States appropriations bill created in the conference report for H.R. 3288, originally the Transportation, and Housing and Urban Development Appropriations Act, 2010. The bill, signed into law on December 16, 2009, combined six of the seven fiscal year 2010 appropriations bills that were still pending before Congress near the end of 2009.

The six bills contained within the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010 are:

The defense appropriations dealt with separately soon after passage. The bill follows a similar bill from the previous year.

Conference report
In the United States Congress, a conference report refers to the final version of a bill that is negotiated between the House of Representatives and the Senate via a conference committee. This report is crucial in resolving differences between the two chambers' versions of a bill, ensuring that a unified and consistent piece of legislation can be presented for final approval. It is printed and submitted to each chamber for its consideration, such as approval or disapproval. It contains a statement of managers, a section-by-section explanation of the agreement.
2024–25 Rugby Europe Trophy
The 2024–25 Rugby Europe Trophy is the seventh season of the second premier rugby union competition for European national teams outside the Six Nations Championship which itself is a part of the Rugby Europe International Championships. The confirmed teams that are competing include  Czechia, Croatia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Poland and Sweden.

Czech Republic national rugby union team
The Czech Republic national rugby union team is the third tier rugby national team of the Czech Republic.

They first started playing as the Czech Republic in 1993 after the split of Czechoslovakia and now compete in the European Nations Cup. They have yet to qualify for the Rugby World Cup, but have entered the qualifiers since the 1995 edition. Rugby union in the Czech Republic is administered by the Czech Rugby Union. The sport is still amateur in the country, but there are several Czech players who are professionals in France, including Martin Jágr.

The best ranking in the world ranking was 24th place in 2005.
The national side is ranked 36th in the world (as of 5 November 2019).
Prevail (IX-537)
Prevail (IX-537) is a modified Stalwart-class auxiliary general ocean surveillance ship (AGOS) of the United States Navy previously operated by the U.S. Military Sealift Command as T-AGOS 8.  Prevail was reclassified as Unclassified Miscellaneous (IX) in October 2003 and is unofficially referred to as TSV-1.  In this context, TSV stands for Training Support Vessel, and should not be confused with the U.S. Army's USAV Spearhead Theater Support Vessel initiative.

Prevail is currently assigned to Commander, Carrier Strike Group Four and is operated with a minimal, hybrid crew of civil service and contract mariners.  The ship provides a dedicated training support for Strike Group training for U.S. Atlantic Fleet ships, including serving as a platform for training Visit, Board, Search, and Seizure (VBSS) operations.

Stalwart-class ships were originally designed to collect underwater acoustical data in support of Cold War anti-submarine warfare operations in the 1980s.

Visit, board, search, and seizure
Visit, board, search, and seizure (VBSS) is the term used by United States military and law enforcement agencies for maritime boarding actions and tactics. VBSS teams are designed to capture enemy vessels, combat terrorism, piracy, and smuggling, and to conduct customs, safety and other inspections.
Open O
Open o or turned c (majuscule: Ɔ, minuscule: ɔ) is a letter of the extended Latin alphabet. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, it represents the open-mid back rounded vowel. It is used in the orthographies of many African languages using the African reference alphabet.

The Yucatec Maya language used Ɔ to transcribe the alveolar ejective affricate [t͡sʼ] consonant in the orthography of the Colonial period. Now dz or tsʼ is preferred.

Yucatec Maya language
Yucatec Maya (/ˈjuːkətɛk ˈmaɪə/ YOO-kə-tek MY-ə; Spanish: yucateco [ʝukaˈteko]), referred to by its speakers as mayaʼ or maayaʼ t’aan (pronounced [màːjaʔˈtʼàːn] ⓘ), is a Mayan language spoken in the Yucatán Peninsula, including part of northern Belize. There is also a significant diasporic community of Yucatec Maya speakers in San Francisco, though most Maya Americans are speakers of other Mayan languages from Guatemala and Chiapas.
Starolaspa
Starolaspa (Ukrainian: Староласпа; Russian: Староласпа; Urum: Эст’и Ласпи) is a village in Kalmiuske Raion (district) in Donetsk Oblast of eastern Ukraine, at 67.7 km SSE from the centre of Donetsk city, on the right bank of the Kalmius river.

During the war in Donbas, that started in 2014, the village was taken under control of pro-Russian forces.

Raions of Ukraine
A raion (Ukrainian: район, romanized: raion; pl. райони, raiony), often translated as district, is the second-level administrative division in Ukraine. Raions were created in a 1922 administrative reform of the Soviet Union, to which Ukraine, as the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, belonged.

On 17 July 2020, the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament) approved an administrative reform to merge most of the 490 raions, along with the "cities of regional significance", which were previously outside the raions, into just 136 reformed raions. Most tasks of the raions (education, healthcare, sport facilities, culture, and social welfare) were taken over by new hromadas, the subdivisions of raions. The 136 new districts include ten in Crimea, which have been de facto outside Ukrainian control since the start of the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2014.
Travel Guide
Travel Guide is an album by guitarists Ralph Towner, Wolfgang Muthspiel, and Slava Grigoryan recorded in Switzerland in August 2012 and released on ECM September the following year.

The trio first performed as a group in 2005, and previously appeared together on the album From a Dream.

ECM Records
ECM (Edition of Contemporary Music) is an independent record label founded by Karl Egger, Manfred Eicher and Manfred Scheffner in Munich in 1969. While ECM is best known for jazz music, the label has released a variety of recordings, and ECM's artists often refuse to acknowledge boundaries between genres. ECM's motto is "the most beautiful sound next to silence", taken from a 1971 review of ECM releases in Coda, a Canadian jazz magazine.

ECM has been distributed in the U.S. by Warner Bros. Records, PolyGram Records, BMG, and, since 1999, Universal Music, the successor of PolyGram, worldwide. Its album covers were profiled in two books: Sleeves of Desire and Windfall Light, both published by Lars Müller.
Kuningamäe
Kuningamäe is a village in Põltsamaa Parish, Jõgeva County, Estonia. It is located just west of the town of Põltsamaa. Kuningamäe has a populstion of 84 (as of 2010).

Earlier Kuningamäe was a location of Vana-Põltsamaa Manor's cattle manor Königsberg, which has also been associated with the residence of Duke Magnus. In 1766 Johann Woldemar von Lauw established a hospital and pharmacy in Kuningamäe. The director Peter Ernst Wilde founded a medical school and a print shop where he published the first Estonian periodical Lühhike öppetus and the first Estonian medical manual Arsti ramat.

Lühhike öppetus
Lühhike öppetus (Estonian for Brief Instruction), by modern orthography 'Lühike õpetus', was the first periodical publication in Estonian.  Edited by Dr. Peter Ernst Wilde and printed for a short while in 1766–1767, it described various simple medical techniques intended to be usable in the field by peasants.

The full title of the newspaper was Lühhike öppetus mis sees moned head rohhud täeda antakse, ni hästi innimeste kui ka veiste haigusse ning viggaduste vasto, and it can be translated as Brief instruction announcing some good medicine, both for human and bovine ailments and traumas.  It was printed weekly, with each issue having four pages.  A total of 41 issues were printed.

August Wilhelm Hupel was responsible for translating the content into Estonian.
2023 Tennis in the Land – Singles
Sara Sorribes Tormo defeated Ekaterina Alexandrova in the final, 3–6, 6–4, 6–4 to win the singles title at the 2023 Tennis in the Land. She won the title as a lucky loser, becoming just the sixth player in WTA Tour history to do so and the third within a five-week span.

Liudmila Samsonova was the reigning champion, but withdrew before the tournament began.

Nadia Podoroska
Nadia Natacha Podoroska (Spanish pronunciation: [ˌnaðja poðoˈɾoska]; born 10 February 1997) is an Argentine professional tennis player. She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of No. 36, achieved on 12 July 2021 and a best doubles ranking of No. 62, attained on 18 October 2021.

Podoroska has won one WTA Tour title in doubles at 2017 Copa Colsanitas, with Beatriz Haddad Maia. She also earned three WTA Challenger Tour singles trophies and multiple titles on the ITF Circuit.

Podoroska competed for Argentina at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
Ray Cawley
Ray Cawley (born 1944) is an Irish retired Gaelic footballer who played as a goalkeeper for the Cork senior football team.

Born in Cork, Cawley first played competitive football during his schooling at Coláiste Chríost Rí. He arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of seventeen when he first linked up with the Cork minor team, before later joining the under-21 side. He made his senior debut during the 1963 championship. Cawley went on to play for the team for just two seasons. He was a Munster runner-up on one occasion.

At club level Cawley enjoyed a decade-long career with Nemo Rangers. He also lined out for Curragh Camp.

Throughout his inter-county career, Cawley made just 3 championship appearances for Cork. His retirement came following the conclusion of the 1964 championship.

Curragh Camp GAA
Curragh Camp were prominent participants in County Kildare GAA championships, significant in Kildare GAA history. They won the Kildare Senior Hurling Championship seven times in 1938, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1944, 1948 and 1955. They also won the Kildare Senior Football Championship in 1948.

John Joe O'Reilly, considered to be "one of the greatest players of all time", played for Curragh Camp in the 1940s.

Curragh Camp GAA was named for Curragh Camp.
N-Alkylamphetamine
N-Alkylamphetamine, or a substituted N-alkylamphetamine, is an amphetamine with an alkyl group at the amine nitrogen and can refer to:

N-Methylamphetamine (methamphetamine)

N-Ethylamphetamine (ethylamphetamine)

N-Propylamphetamine (propylamphetamine)

N-Isopropylamphetamine (isopropylamphetamine)

N-Butylamphetamine (butylamphetamine)

N,N-Dialkylamphetamines include dimethylamphetamine (N,N-dimethylamphetamine) and derivatives like metamfepramone (dimethylpropion, N,N-dimethylcathinone), amfepramone (diethylpropion, N,N-diethylcathinone), MDDM (N,N-diethyl-MDMA), dimethylone, dibutylone, and dipentylone.

An N,N,N-trialkylamphetamine is MDTMA (N,N,N-trimethyl-MDA).

Metamfepramone
Metamfepramone (INN; also known as dimepropion (BAN), dimethylcathinone, and dimethylpropion) is a stimulant drug of the phenethylamine, and cathinone chemical classes. Dimethylcathinone was evaluated as an appetite suppressant and for the treatment of hypotension, but was never widely marketed.

It was used as a recreational drug in Israel under the name rakefet, but was made illegal in 2006.

Metamfepramone is metabolized to produce N-methylpseudoephedrine and methcathinone. It has also been found to be about 1.6 times less potent than methcathinone, making it roughly equipotent to cathinone itself.
NNI-351
NNI-351 is an orally active inhibitor of DYRK1ATooltip dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A and neurogenesis enhancer which is under development by NeuroNascent, Inc. for the treatment of Down syndrome, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). As of 2017, it is in the preclinical development stage, and has yet to progress to human clinical trials. In July 2022, NNI-351 was granted orphan drug status by the FDA for the treatment of Fragile X syndrome.

Oral administration
Oral administration is a route of administration whereby a substance is taken through the mouth, swallowed, and then processed via the digestive system. This is a common route of administration for many medications.

Oral administration can be easier and less painful than other routes of administration, such as injection.  However, the onset of action is relatively low, and the effectiveness is reduced if it is not absorbed properly in the digestive system, or if it is broken down by digestive enzymes before it can reach the bloodstream. Some medications may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea or vomiting, when taken orally. Oral administration can also only be applied to conscious patients, and patients able to swallow.
Zetterlund
Zetterlund is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Fabian Zetterlund (born 1999), Swedish ice hockey player

Lars Zetterlund (born 1964), Swedish footballer

Monica Zetterlund (1937–2005), Swedish singer and actress

Rolf Zetterlund (born 1942), Swedish footballer and manager

Yoko Zetterlund (born 1969), Japanese volleyball player

Yoko Zetterlund
Yoko Karin Zetterlund (born March 24, 1969) is a former United States national volleyball player and two-time Olympian. She was a setter.

Zetterlund graduated from Waseda University in Tokyo, Japan, and went on to play for the United States national volleyball team. She won a bronze medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. She also competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta.

Zetterlund played volleyball for several years in Japan's V.League, leading Daiei to two championships. She retired in 1999.
John Franklin Bobbitt
John Franklin Bobbitt (February 16, 1876 near English, Indiana – March 7, 1956 in Shelbyville, Indiana) was an American educationist, a university professor and a writer. A representative of the efficiency minded thinkers, he specialized in the field of the curriculum.

Efficiency movement
The efficiency movement was a major movement in the United States, Britain and other industrial nations in the early 20th century that sought to identify and eliminate waste in all areas of the economy and society, and to develop and implement best practices. The concept covered mechanical, economic, social, and personal improvement. The quest for efficiency promised effective, dynamic management rewarded by growth.

As a result of the influence of an early proponent, it is more often known as Taylorism.
Cognitive ecology
Cognitive ecology is the study of cognitive phenomena within social and natural contexts. It is an integrative perspective drawing from aspects of ecological psychology, cognitive science, evolutionary ecology and anthropology. Notions of domain-specific modules in the brain and the cognitive biases they create are central to understanding the enacted nature of cognition within a cognitive ecological framework. This means that cognitive mechanisms not only shape the characteristics of thought, but they dictate the success of culturally transmitted ideas. Because culturally transmitted concepts can often inform ecological decision-making behaviors, group-level trends in cognition (i.e., culturally salient concepts) are hypothesized to address ecologically relevant challenges.

Cognitive science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition (in a broad sense). Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include perception, memory, attention, reasoning, language, and emotion. To understand these faculties, cognitive scientists borrow from fields such as psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. The typical analysis of cognitive science spans many levels of organization, from learning and decision-making to logic and planning; from neural circuitry to modular brain organization. One of the fundamental concepts of cognitive science is that "thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures."
Abby Moon Zeciroski
Abby Moon Zeciroski (born 18 February 1973) is an American mixed media artist known for her contemporary art. Her art delves into various themes and has been exhibited in numerous museums, and her achievements have been featured in publications such as The New York Times and Windy City Times.

Mixed media
In visual art, mixed media describes artwork in which more than one medium or material has been employed.
Assemblages, collages, and sculpture are three common examples of art using different media. Materials used to create mixed media art include, but are not limited to, paint, cloth, paper, wood and found objects.

Mixed media art is distinguished from multimedia art which combines visual art with non-visual elements, such as recorded sound, literature, drama, dance, motion graphics, music, or interactivity.
Death of Yasser Arafat
Yasser Arafat, who was the President of the Palestinian National Authority and Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization, died unexpectedly on 11 November 2004, at the age of 75, after a short period of illness. The cause of his death has since been debated, and several different theories concerning it have been suggested. However, official investigations by French and Russian teams did not find evidence of foul play.

Vladimir Uyba
Vladimir Viktorovich Uyba (Russian: Владимир Викторович Уйба), born in 1958, is a Russian statesman, scientist, and doctor, who has served as the 5th Head of the Komi Republic from 2020 to 2024. Before being appointed to that position, he was deputy health minister and head of the Federal Biomedical Agency.

He has the federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation. He is a doctor of medical sciences, a professor, and was awarded an honorary titles of the Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Honored Doctor of the Chechen Republic, Honored Doctor of the Republic of Ingushetia, and Honored Doctor of the Republic of South Ossetia. He is of Estonian descent through his father.
Michele Davis Macfarlane
Michele Macfarlane (born 1948) is an American horse trainer who competes in the sport of saddle seat. She has been one of the leading trainers and riders in the sport for over 40 years. Macfarlane resides in San Diego, California and is Marshal for the Scripps Miramar Ranch Saddlebreds parade unit.

Paschal Conley
Paschal Conley (1858-1919) was a Second Lieutenant in the United States Army, Buffalo Soldier, and served as Quartermaster Sergeant Troop M, 10th Cavalry Regiment, during the Spanish–American War.

Conley was recognized by The Secretary of the Army, John McHugh, and U.S. Sen. Jeff Sessions (R-AL), a senior member of the Senate Armed Services Committee and Ranking Member of the Strategic Forces Subcommittee, who agreed with Sgt. Conley's posthumous promotion in 2012.
Gurdas Ram Alam
Gurdas Ram Alam (1912–1989), was a Punjabi language poet born in Bundala village of Jalandhar, Punjab. He was a progressive poet and an activist poet from a marginalized part of the society known as Dalits, and he is known as the first Punjabi Dalit poet. He was from a working-class family and lived in small mud house in village. Alam did not go to school, he learned reading and writing Gurmukhi from his friends. Being a working-class child he started working at a very young age, and he also started writing poems from his childhood. His first source of inspiration for getting into writing was oppression by the rich on the poor people that he experienced while working as child labor. Despite being illiterate, he emerged as a popular name in Punjabi folk poetry before the partition of India. Alam is recognised as a Dalit activist poet and the voice of deprived, oppressed castes and communities.

Mud House
The Mud House is a historic home located at Penfield in Monroe County, New York. It is a 1+1⁄2-story, 24-by-38-foot (7.3 by 11.6 m) rectangular earthen building with gable roof.  It was constructed about 1836 of clay, puddled with straw, and then rammed into forms above a fieldstone foundation and is a rare surviving example of rammed-earth construction and was part of the Brown Brothers Nursery owned by Don Brown.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
Kingdom of Masama
Masama or Kingdom of Masama also sometimes referred to as Masama country (Isarile la Masama in Kimasama), (Ufalme wa Masama in Swahili) was a former sovereign Chagga state located in modern-day Masama West ward in Hai District of Kilimanjaro Region in Tanzania. Masama was situated on Mount Kilimanjaro to the west of the Kikafu River to Marire River to the east. The kingdom existed between 1951 and 1962 and was created from Machame. Kikibosho, one of seven dialects of the Chagga language groups' West Kilimanjaro language, is still spoken by the people of Masama country.

Kikafu River
Kikafu River(Mto Kikafu in Swahili) is located in the northern Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania. It begins in Machame Mashariki ward in Moshi District and drains into the Pangani River. The river plays an important part of Chagga history in the Chagga kingdom of Machame.
Konstantin Sokolov
Konstantin Sokolov (born May 12, 1991) is a Russian professional ice hockey forward currently playing with HC Sochi of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). Sokolov previously played with Admiral Vladivostok of the KHL during the 2012–13 season.

HC Sochi
Hockey Club Sochi (Russian: Хоккейный клуб Сочи) is a professional ice hockey club based in Sochi, Russia. It is a member of the Bobrov Division in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). The club joined the KHL in the 2014–15 season.
Haleon
Haleon plc is a British multinational consumer healthcare company with headquarters in Weybridge, England. It is one of the largest consumer healthcare businesses in the world, with brands including Sensodyne toothpaste, Panadol and Advil painkillers, and Centrum vitamins. The company was projected to be a global leader in over the counter medicines with a 7.3 per cent market share in 2022.

Haleon was established on 18 July 2022 as a corporate spin-off from GSK. Haleon is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a component of the FTSE 100, with a secondary listing on the New York Stock Exchange.

Toothpaste
Toothpaste is a paste or gel dentifrice that is used with a toothbrush to clean and maintain the aesthetics of teeth. Toothpaste is used to promote oral hygiene: it is an abrasive that aids in removing dental plaque and food from the teeth, assists in suppressing halitosis, and delivers active ingredients (most commonly fluoride) to help prevent tooth decay (dental caries) and gum disease (gingivitis). Due to variations in composition and fluoride content, not all toothpastes are equally effective in maintaining oral health. The decline of tooth decay during the 20th century has been attributed to the introduction and regular use of fluoride-containing toothpastes worldwide. Large amounts of swallowed toothpaste can be poisonous. Common colors for toothpaste include white (sometimes with colored stripes or green tint) and blue.