hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michael Turner (actor)
Michael Turner (19 July 1921 — 14 July 2012) was a South African-born actor who appeared in numerous British films and television series from the early 1950s. These include Callan, Emergency Ward 10, The Avengers, Z-Cars, Doctor Who (in the serial The Wheel in Space), Van der Valk, Crown Court, Dixon of Dock Green, The New Avengers, Within These Walls, Angels, Cry Freedom, Boon, Pie in the Sky and The Bill. Arguably, his most well-known role was that of tycoon business man J. Henry Pollard in the long running ITV soap Crossroads, a part he played off-and-on from 1980–1984.

Angels (TV series)
Angels is a British television seasonal drama series dealing with the subject of student nurses, which was broadcast by the BBC between 1975 and 1983. It was described as the "Z-Cars of nursing".

The show's format switched to a twice-weekly soap opera format (although still seasonal) from 1979 to 1983.
Homelessness in Hungary
There are estimated to be 30,000 homeless people in Hungary. 131 homeless people died of hypothermia in Budapest between 2006 and 2010.

After repeated attempts by the Fidesz government to make homelessness a criminal offence, and with homeless people in many cities facing severe restrictions imposed by local ordinances, a law banning homelessness was introduced in June 2018. Since the law took effect, about 200 homeless people have received police warnings and at least four have been arrested. Thus far, the courts have dealt with the homeless people brought before them by handing down formal cautions.

Various Hungarian nongovernmental organizations, notably a group named The City is For All, have protested against the new law, calling it "inhumane".

The City is For All
The City is For All (Hungarian: A Város Mindenkié) is a volunteer based grassroots organization founded in 2009. It operates in Budapest and Pécs in Hungary. Homeless (currently or past) and non-homeless activists work together for housing rights and social justice.

The organization operates as an informal advocacy group. It is an independent group that depends on the volunteer work contribution and financial support of its members. The group represents a wide range of people living in poverty and/or homelessness. The group's goal is to empower homeless people to stand up for their human dignity and to fight for their  right to housing. Homeless people play a leading role in all aspects of the group.
Psycho in the Wax Museum
Psycho in the Wax Museum is an EP by the American punk rock band Misfits. It features two songs that were previously unreleased and were recorded during the American Psycho sessions. The versions included are instrumental, as it has been reported that the vocals were never recorded ("Angel Baby" has previously been performed live at soundcheck with vocals by Michale Graves). The single was only available via an offer from Misfits Records where proofs of purchase had to be sent in from Osaka Popstar's Osaka Popstar and the American Legends of Punk, Balzac's Beyond the Darkness and the Misfits' Project 1950.

The cover art is by Butch Lukic and features the Misfits' mascot Crimson Ghost. The vinyl itself features an etched pattern of Fiend Skulls in the area that doesn't feature music. In 2011, Michale Graves recorded new vocals for the track "Angel Baby", renaming it "We Are the Wicked".

Osaka Popstar and the American Legends of Punk
Osaka Popstar and the American Legends of Punk is the first, and so far only, album released by Osaka Popstar. The title references the fact that the band includes members of legendary punk bands such as The Misfits, Ramones, Black Flag and The Voidoids.

The CD came with a DVD that included music videos for "Wicked World" and "Insects".
Palaeoamasia
Palaeoamasia is an extinct herbivorous paenungulate mammal of the embrithopod order, making it distantly related to elephants, sirenians, and hyraxes. Palaeoamasia fossils have been found in Turkish deposits of the Çeltek Formation, dating to the Ypresian. It has unique bilophodont upper molars, an embrithopod synapomorphy.

Apomorphy and synapomorphy
In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to have evolved in their most recent common ancestor.

In cladistics, synapomorphy implies homology.

Examples of apomorphy are the presence of erect gait, fur, the evolution of three middle ear bones, and mammary glands in mammals but not in other vertebrate animals, such as amphibians or reptiles, which have retained their ancestral traits of a sprawling gait and lack of fur. Thus, these derived traits are also synapomorphies of mammals in general as they are not shared by other vertebrate animals.
Seven pillars of Ismailism
The Ismā'īlī Shi'a (the Nizari, and Mustaali) have more pillars than those of the Sunni. The Shahadah (profession of faith) is not considered a pillar and is instead seen as the foundation upon which they are built. The members of Druze faith also have seven pillars, though not every concept is the same.

Nizari Isma'ilism
Nizari Isma'ilis (Arabic: النزارية, romanized: al-Nizāriyya) are the largest segment of the Ismailis, who are the second-largest branch of Shia Islam after the Twelvers. Nizari teachings emphasise the independent legal jurisprudence or ijtihad — though they reject usul (legal reasoning) — pluralism (the acceptance of racial, ethnic, cultural and inter-religious differences) and social justice. Nizaris, along with Twelvers, adhere to the Jaʽfari school of jurisprudence. The Aga Khan, currently Aga Khan V, is the spiritual leader and Imam of most modern Nizaris. The global seat of the Ismaili Imamate is in Lisbon, Portugal.
Francesco Maurolico
Francesco Maurolico (Latin: Franciscus Maurolycus; Italian: Francesco Maurolico; Greek: Φραγκίσκος Μαυρόλυκος; Sicilian: Francescu Maurolicu; 16 September 1494 – 22 July 1575) was an Italian mathematician and astronomer from the Kingdom of Sicily. He made contributions to the fields of geometry, optics, conics, mechanics, music, and astronomy. He edited the works of classical authors including Archimedes, Apollonius, Autolycus, Theodosius and Serenus. He also composed his own unique treatises on mathematics and mathematical science.

Sicilian language
Sicilian (sicilianu, pronounced [sɪʃɪˈljaːnʊ, sɪdʒɪˈljaːnʊ]; Italian: siciliano) is a Romance language that is spoken on the island of Sicily and its satellite islands.
It belongs to the broader Extreme Southern Italian language group (Italian: italiano meridionale estremo).

Ethnologue (see below for more detail) describes Sicilian as being "distinct enough from Standard Italian to be considered a separate language", and it is recognized as a minority language by UNESCO. It has been referred to as a language by the Sicilian Region. It has the oldest literary tradition of the Italo-Romance languages. A version of the UNESCO Courier is also available in Sicilian.
António Augusto de Rocha Peixoto
António Augusto de Rocha Peixoto (18 May 1866–2 May 1909) was a Portuguese naturalist, ethnologist and archaeologist.

In 1891, he became the secretariat of the magazine Revista de Portugal established by his friend Eça de Queiroz and organized the Cabinet of Mineralogy, Geology and Palaeontology of the Polytechnic Academy of Porto (currently University of Porto). He also collaborated in other journals and magazines and was the director of the Public Library and Municipal Museum of Porto. In his native town, he revealed Cividade de Terroso and remodelled the town hall. Two weeks after dying, his body was transferred from the cemetery of Agramonte in Porto to the one of Póvoa.

Municipal Library of Porto
The Municipal Library of Porto (Portuguese: Biblioteca Pública Municipal do Porto) is a library located in the civil parish of Bonfim, municipality of Porto in the Portuguese district of the same name.
Thomas Lown
Thomas Lown (April 5, 1904 – September 22, 1977) was an American boxer who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics. He was born in New York City.

In 1928, he was eliminated in the first round of the welterweight class after losing his fight to the upcoming silver medalist Raúl Landini. He took part in a total of 14 professional between March 1929 and January 1931, winning 12 (three by knockout).

Lown died in Burnt Hills, New York on September 22, 1977, aged 73.

Boxing at the 1928 Summer Olympics – Welterweight
The men's welterweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1928 Summer Olympics.  The weight class was the fourth-heaviest contested, and allowed boxers of up to 147 pounds (66.7 kilograms). The competition was held from August 7, 1928 to August 11, 1928.
Alexander Devereux
Christianity portal

Alexander Devereux  was a 16th-century bishop in Ireland.

He was the last Abbot of Dunbrody Abbey. An appointment of, Henry VIII he was consecrated Bishop of Ferns at St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin on 14 December 1539. He died in post at Fethard-on-Sea in 1566.

St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin
Saint Patrick's Cathedral (Irish: Ard-Eaglais Naomh Pádraig) in Dublin, Ireland is the national cathedral of the Church of Ireland. Christ Church Cathedral, also a Church of Ireland cathedral in Dublin, is designated as the local cathedral of the Diocese of Dublin and Glendalough.
Chinese Deep Space Network
The Chinese Deep Space Network (CDSN) is a network of large antennas and communication facilities that are used for radio astronomy, radar observations, and spacecraft missions of China. The CDSN is managed by the China Satellite Launch and Tracking Control Center General (CLTC) of the People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force Space Systems Department.

The network was first needed for the lunar mission Chang'e 1, and since has been used to support subsequent missions to the Moon and Mars such as Chang'e 5, Tianwen-1, and Tianwen-2 missions. Similar deep space networks are run by the United States, Russia, European countries, Japan, and India.

Exploration of Mars
The planet Mars has been explored remotely by spacecraft. Probes sent from Earth, beginning in the late 20th century, have yielded a large increase in knowledge about the Martian system, focused primarily on understanding its geology and habitability potential. Engineering interplanetary journeys is complicated and the exploration of Mars has experienced a high failure rate, especially the early attempts. Roughly sixty percent of all spacecraft destined for Mars failed before completing their missions, with some failing before their observations could begin. Some missions have been met with unexpected success, such as the twin Mars Exploration Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, which operated for years beyond their specification.
Cross of the Home Army
The Cross of the Home Army (Polish: Krzyż Armii Krajowej) is a Polish military decoration that was introduced by General Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski on 1 August 1966 to commemorate the efforts of the soldiers of the Polish Secret State between 1939 and 1945. The decoration was awarded to soldiers of the Home Army (Armia Krajowa) and of its predecessor organizations (Służba Zwycięstwu Polski, Związek Walki Zbrojnej).

The first recipient (posthumous) was General Stefan Grot–Rowecki.

The award was supported by the Polish government in exile in London and was not recognized by the People's Republic of Poland, which viewed members of the mostly anti-communist Armia Krajowa as enemies of the state.  After the fall of communism, in 1992 it was recognized by the government of Poland and was awarded by the president of Poland until 8 May 1999.

Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski
Generał Tadeusz Komorowski (1 June 1895 – 24 August 1966), better known by the name Bór-Komorowski (after one of his wartime code names: Bór – "The Forest") was a Polish military leader. He was appointed commander-in-chief a day before the capitulation of the Warsaw Uprising and following World War II, 32nd Prime Minister of Poland, 3rd Polish government-in-exile in London.
Dr Dee
Dr Dee: An English Opera is an opera created by theatre director Rufus Norris and musician and composer Damon Albarn. Its debut performance was at the Palace Theatre, Manchester in July 2011, as part of the 2011 Manchester International Festival. The opera is based on the life of John Dee, medical and scientific advisor to Elizabeth I.

BBC Philharmonic
The BBC Philharmonic is a national British broadcasting symphony orchestra and is one of five radio orchestras maintained by the British Broadcasting Corporation.  The Philharmonic is a department of the BBC North Group division based at MediaCityUK, Salford. The orchestra's primary concert venue is the Bridgewater Hall, Manchester.
Pandharpur Assembly constituency
Pandharpur Assembly constituency is one of the 288 Vidhan Sabha (legislative assembly) constituencies of Maharashtra state, western India. This constituency is located in Solapur district. It is a segment of Solapur Lok Sabha constituency.

Two families, Paricharak and Bhalke, have been prominent in local politics since last 3-4 decades. Sudhakar Paricharak was elected five times, from 1985 to 2004. In 2009, NCP fielded Vijaysinh Mohite Patil but he lost to Bharat Bhalke. Then in 2014, Bhalake, by now in Congress, defeated Shailendra Paricharak. In 2019, Bhalke defeated Sudhakar Paricharak who had contested as BJP candidate. In August 2020, Sudhakar Paricharak died during Corona epidemic at the age of 84. In November 2020, sitting MLA Bhalke also died after contracting the novel coronavirus at the age of 60.

Solapur district
Solapur district (Marathi pronunciation: [solaːpuːɾ]) is a district in Maharashtra state of India. The city of Solapur is the district headquarters. It is located on the south east edge of the state and lies entirely in the Bhima and Seena basins. The entire district is drained by the Bhima River.

Solapur district leads Maharashtra in the production of Indian cigarettes known as beedi.
Badminton at the 1998 Asian Games – Men's team
The Badminton men's team event at the 1998 Asian Games was scheduled from 8–11 December 1998 at Thamassat University Sports Complex, Bangkok, Thailand.

Defending champion, Indonesia successfully retained their gold medal after defeating China 4 - 0 in the final. It was in this event, the Indonesian team had introduced their future star, The Enigma Taufik Hidayat for the first time. Being just at 17, Hidayat clinched the winning point in the 2nd singles match to earn Indonesia the gold medal. Below are the summaries and results of the event.

China national badminton team
The China national badminton team (Chinese: 中国国家羽毛球队; pinyin: Zhōngguó guójiā yǔmáoqiú duì) is a badminton team that represents the People's Republic of China in international badminton team competitions. In addition to the first national team, there is also the second national badminton team of China. Immediately afterward, there is the China National Badminton National Youth Team. All team procedures are managed by the China Badminton Association. The Chinese National Badminton Team is the most successful badminton team in history, having won 11 Thomas Cups, 16 Uber Cups, and 13 Sudirman Cups. China is also the only country to achieve a clean sweep gold medal in 2012 Olympics.
Vermont Technical College
Vermont Technical College (Vermont Tech or VTC) was a public technical college in Vermont. Its main residential campuses were located in Randolph Center and Williston. In addition, there were regional campuses distance sites, and nursing campuses in locations throughout the state.

Founded in 1866 as the Randolph Normal School, the mission of the school evolved through time, finally becoming a technical institute in 1957. On July 1, 2023, VTC merged with Northern Vermont University and Castleton University to become Vermont State University.

Vermont House of Representatives
The Vermont House of Representatives is the lower house of the Vermont General Assembly, the state legislature of Vermont. The House comprises 150 members, with each member representing around 4,100 citizens. Representatives are elected to two-year terms without term limits.

Vermont had a unicameral legislature until 1836. It added a senate by constitutional amendment. The House meets in Representatives Hall at the Vermont State House in Montpelier. It is the only U.S. state legislature whose debating chamber seating layout comes closer to that of the Westminster-style parliament found elsewhere, being similar to debating chambers in Australian state parliaments.
Rep, Slovenska Bistrica
Rep (pronounced [ˈɾeːp]) is a small settlement in the Pohorje Hills in the Municipality of Slovenska Bistrica in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Drava Statistical Region.

A small roadside chapel to the east of the village was built after the First World War in memory of a local soldier killed.

Municipality of Slovenska Bistrica
The Municipality of Slovenska Bistrica (pronounced [slɔˈʋeːnska ˈbiːstɾitsa] ⓘ; Slovene: Občina Slovenska Bistrica) is a municipality in the traditional region of Styria in northeastern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Slovenska Bistrica. Slovenska Bistrica became a municipality in 1994.
Franklin Graham
William Franklin Graham III (born July 14, 1952) is an American evangelist and missionary in the evangelical movement. He frequently engages in Christian revival tours and political commentary. The son of Billy Graham, he is president and CEO of the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association (BGEA) and of Samaritan's Purse, an international evangelical Christian humanitarian aid organization. Under his leadership, Samaritan's Purse has become a leading global Christian relief organization, providing emergency assistance in crisis zones worldwide, including large-scale responses in Ukraine, Pakistan, and other regions affected by conflict or natural disasters. Graham has been considered as one of the most influential and best-known evangelicals in America, leading one of the largest charitable organizations in the United States, with $1.111 billion in private donations.

Graham became a "committed Christian" in 1974 and was ordained in 1982, and has since become a public speaker and author.

Political criticism
Political criticism, also referred to as political commentary or political discussion, is a type of criticism that is specific of or relevant to politics, including policies, politicians, political parties, and types of government.
Shushu Jiyi
Shushu Jiyi (數術記遺; translated as Notes on Traditions of Arithmetic Methods, Memoir on the Methods of Numbering or Notes on Traditions of Arithmetic Method) is a Chinese mathematical treatise written by the Eastern Han dynasty mathematician Xu Yue.  The text received a subsequent commentary by Zhen Luan in the 6th century.

Zu Chongzhi
Zu Chongzhi (Chinese: 祖沖之; 429–500), courtesy name Wenyuan (Chinese: 文遠), was a Chinese astronomer, inventor, mathematician, politician, and writer during the Liu Song and Southern Qi dynasties. He was most notable for calculating pi as between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927, a record in precision which would not be surpassed for nearly 900 years.
The Holocaust in the Kamyenyets district
The Holocaust in the Kamyenyets District is the systematic persecution and extermination of Jews in the Kamyenyets District of the Brest Region by the occupying authorities of Nazi Germany and collaborators from 1941 to 1944 during World War II, as part of the policy of the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question" — an integral part of the Holocaust in Belarus and the Catastrophe of European Jewry.

Brest region
Brest region, also known as Brest oblast or Brest voblasts, is one of the six regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Brest. Other major cities in the region include Baranavichy, and Pinsk. As of 2024, it has a population of 1,308,569.
Eastern Sierra
The Eastern Sierra is a region in California comprising the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada, which includes all of Mono and Inyo Counties and portions of other adjoining counties. The main thoroughfare is U.S. Route 395, which passes through Bridgeport, Lee Vining, Bishop, Big Pine, Independence, Lone Pine, and Olancha, with Bishop being the largest city in the area. It is sparsely populated but well known for its scenery; major points of interest include Mono Lake, Bodie, Mammoth Lakes, Manzanar, Mount Whitney and parts of Yosemite National Park, Sequoia National Park, Kings Canyon National Park, and Death Valley National Park. It is also home to rare and endangered species such as the sage grouse and the bristlecone pine.

Little Lakes Valley in the John Muir Wilderness

Aerial view from the east of the Eastern Sierra with Mount Whitney.  The snow-capped mountains drop steeply to dry desert on the east side.

Bridgeport, California
Bridgeport is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Mono County, California, United States. It is the county seat of Mono County. The population was 553 at the 2020 census.

The first post office at Bridgeport opened in 1864. The ZIP code is 93517, and the community is in area codes 760 and 442.
Soso (search engine)
Soso (Chinese: 搜搜; pinyin: Sōusōu) was a Chinese search engine owned by Tencent Holdings Limited, which is well known for its other creations Pengyou and QQ. As of 1 October 2012, Soso was ranked as the 33rd most visited website in the world, the 11th most visited website in China, and the number eight most visited website in South Korea, according to Alexa Internet.

In September 2013, Tencent invested in Sogou, a subsidiary of Sohu. At this point, Soso discontinued services and now redirects to Sogou Search. Sogou also has search results in English which is powered by Bing.

Alexa Internet
Alexa Internet, Inc. was an American web traffic analysis company based in San Francisco, California. It was founded as an independent company by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat in 1996. Alexa provided web traffic data, global rankings, and other information on over 30 million websites. It was acquired by Amazon in 1999 for $250 million in stock. Amazon discontinued the Alexa Internet service on May 1, 2022.

Alexa estimated website traffic based on a sample of millions of Internet users using browser extensions as well as from sites that had chosen to install an Alexa script. As of 2020, its website was visited by over 400 million people every month.
Zacharias Lewala
Zacharias Lewala (fl. 1908) was a Namibian worker, considered to have started a diamond rush in the area of Lüderitz in the former colony of German South West Africa, now Namibia, with his discovery of a diamond on 14 April 1908.

German South West Africa
German South West Africa (German: Deutsch-Südwestafrika) was a colony of the German Empire from 1884 until 1915, when it was captured by the Western Allies during World War I. However, Germany did not officially recognise its loss of this territory until the 1919 Treaty of Versailles.

German rule over this territory was punctuated by numerous rebellions by its native African peoples, which culminated in a campaign of German reprisals from 1904 to 1908 known as the Herero and Nama genocide.

In 1915, during World War I, German South West Africa was invaded by the Allies in the form of South African and British forces. After the war, its administration was taken over by the Union of South Africa (a dominion within the British Empire) and the territory was administered as South West Africa under a League of Nations mandate. It became independent as Namibia on 21 March 1990.