hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Portrait of William Pitt (Hoppner)
Portrait of William Pitt is an oil on canvas portrait painting by the English artist John Hoppner, from 1804. It depicts the British politician William Pitt the Younger.  Pitt had first become Prime Minister in 1784. After a brief spell in opposition he returned to office in 1804. From 1792 Britain was at war during the French Revolutionary Wars and later Napoleonic conflict.

The original painting was commissioned by Lord Mulgrave, both an art collector and a colleague of Pitt who served as his Foreign Secretary. Multiple variations of the picture exist. A version produced by Hoppner's studio is today in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery, having been loaned by the Tate Gallery since 1954.

Tate Britain
Tate Britain, known from 1897 to 1932 as the National Gallery of British Art and from 1932 to 2000 as the Tate Gallery, is an art museum on Millbank in the City of Westminster in London, England. It is part of the Tate network of galleries in England, with Tate Modern, Tate Liverpool and Tate St Ives. Founded by Sir Henry Tate, it houses a substantial collection of the art of the United Kingdom since Tudor times, and in particular has large holdings of the works of J. M. W. Turner, who bequeathed all his own collection to the nation. It is one of the largest museums in the country. In 2021, it ranked 50th on the list of most-visited art museums in the world.
Groupe de Chasse (Belgium)
The Groupe de Chasse was Belgium's first dedicated fighter wing. It was created in March 1918 at Les Moëres aerodrome near Veurne. On request of King Albert I, Captain-commandant Fernand Jacquet was appointed Commanding Officer, and the Groupe de Chasse also became known as the Groupe Jaquet. It consisted of the 9ème Escadrille de Chasse, the 10ème Escadrille de Chasse and the 11ème Escadrille de Chasse.

By war's end, the group was able to support the offensive, and could manage to get up to 40 aircraft airborne at short notice. In October 1918, the Group moved to Moerkerke. After the war, the three Squadrons were assigned to different aerodromes: 9 Squadron was stationed at Berchem-Sainte-Agathe, while 10 and 11 Squadrons moved to Bochum in Germany.

Les Moëres
De Moeren (Dutch) or Les Moëres (French) are a marshy region in the Westhoek, politically divided between the French-Belgian border.  At one time the area was inhabited by the Gallic people known as the Morini; they are believed to have lent their name to the territory.

For many centuries, beginning around 800, the marshes were completely submerged due to a slight elevation of the nearby sea; beginning in 1617 the area was drained by Wenceslas Cobergher on the orders of Albert VII, Archduke of Austria and his wife, Isabella.  The project was finished in 1627, leaving the marshes around 2.5 meters below sea level.

With the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, De Moeren were divided between France and the Habsburg monarchy.  Today, two communes share the territory and its name:

Les Moëres, Nord, which contains a museum of water pumps

De Moeren, Veurne, Belgium
Suddala Ashok Teja
Suddala Ashok Teja (born Gurram Ashok Teja; 4 April 1954) is an Indian poet and lyricist known for his work in Telugu cinema and Telugu literature. He has written lyrics for over 2200 songs. He won the National Film Award for Best Lyrics for the song "Nenu saitam" from Tagore (2004).

He was selected as a brand Ambassador of Swachh Bharat, only poet from two Telugu states.

He was awarded with a cash award of ₹1 crore at Telangana Formation Day celebrations in Parade Grounds, Secunderabad on 2 June 2025 for his contributions to the Telangana movement.

Military parade
A military parade is a formation of military personnels whose movement is restricted by close-order manoeuvering known as drill or marching. Large military parades are today held on major holidays and military events around the world. Massed parades may also hold a role for propaganda purposes, being used to exhibit the apparent military strength of a country.
Evan Simpson
Evan Simpson (born February 11, 1957) is an American politician and a Republican former member of the Wyoming House of Representatives representing District 21 from his appointment on October 13, 2017 until January 10, 2023.

Wyoming House of Representatives
The Wyoming House of Representatives is the lower house of the Wyoming State Legislature. There are 62 Representatives in the House, representing an equal number of single-member constituent districts across the state, each with a population of at least 9,000. The House convenes at the Wyoming State Capitol in Cheyenne.

Members of the House serve two year terms without term limits. Term limits were declared unconstitutional by the Wyoming Supreme Court in 2004, overturning a decade-old law that had restricted Representatives to six terms (twelve years).

The current Speaker of the House is Chip Neiman.
Reforma de Pineda
Reforma de Pineda is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 193.92 km2.   
It is part of the Juchitán District in the west of the Istmo de Tehuantepec region.

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 2,691.

Juchitán District
Juchitán District is located in the east of the Istmo de Tehuantepec region of the State of Oaxaca, Mexico and the easternmost district in Oaxaca, covering the southern part of a low-lying corridor through the mountains that separates the Gulf of Mexico from the Pacific Ocean.
The district has an area of 13,176 km2 and a population as of 2020 of 381,791.
Ed Bush Stadium
The Ed Bush Stadium is an multi-sport stadium in West Bay, Cayman Islands, used mostly as an association football venue. The stadium is one of the venues for the Cayman Islands Premier League and has hosted matches of the Cayman Islands national football team.

West Bay, Cayman Islands
West Bay is a district located on the west side of the British Overseas Territory of the Cayman Islands in the Caribbean.  The population is 15,335.

West Bay is a residential area located north of Grand Cayman's tourist-popular Seven Mile Beach. It is also a tourist area with destinations such as Hell, Cayman Turtle Farm, Cayman Motor Museum, and Dolphin Adventure. It is home to the Scholars International football club. West Bay features a public beach, complete with changing rooms and bathrooms available to the public. The beach is popular because of its proximity to the restaurants in Grand Cayman. This is the location that many watched the sinking of the USS Kittiwake in 2011.
New Mexico State Road 554
New Mexico State Road 554 (NM 554) is a 21.153 mi (34.0 km) long state highway in northern New Mexico, located in the Southwestern United States. NM 554 is located on the southern slope of the Tusas Mountains. The highway starts East of Abiquiú at an intersection with U.S. Route 84, crossing the Rio Chama, then paralleling El Rito creek, passing through the village of El Rito, and ending Northwest of Ojo Caliente at an intersection with NM 111.

Tusas Mountains
The Tusas Mountains are a mountain range in northern New Mexico, extending slightly  into southern Colorado. They are considered the southeasternmost part of the San Juan Mountains. Grouse Mesa, 11,407 feet (3,477 m), is the highest peak in the range. The mountains are located to the west of Taos and northwest of Santa Fe. The Tusas Mountains are a wide region of upland mesas and gently sloping mountains, dissected in places by deep canyons.
Sam Tarry
Samuel Peter Tarry (/ˈtɑːri/; born 27 August 1982) is a British former politician who was the Labour Party Member of Parliament (MP) for Ilford South from 2019 until 2024. He was a member of the Socialist Campaign Group parliamentary caucus. On 10 October 2022 he was deselected by the Ilford South Constituency Labour Party as its candidate for the next general election.

Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK)
The Deputy Leader of the Labour Party is the second-highest ranking politician in the Labour Party of the United Kingdom. The current deputy leader is  Lucy Powell.

In the event of the Labour Party Leader's resignation, the Deputy Leader will serve as Acting Leader until the election of a successor. It is generally expected that the Deputy will act as Leader in the House of Commons in scenarios where the Leader is otherwise unavailable.
Transgender legal history in the United States
The legal and regulatory history of transgender and transsexual people in the United States begins in the 1960s. Such legislation covers federal, state, municipal, and local levels, as well as military justice. It reflects broader societal attitudes which have shifted significantly over time and have impacted legislative and judicial outcomes.

Legal cases concerning LGBT issues were first raised in the United States in the 1960s. These initial cases often revolved around the ability to change names or sex on legal documents and sought protection against various forms of discrimination—such as in employment, civil rights violations, and equal protection under the law. Over the decades, these issues expanded to include a broader array of concerns such as Medicare and Social Security benefits, transition-related healthcare rights in the workplace, marital rights, military service conditions, medical malpractice, restroom access, and housing discrimination.

Paula Grossman
Paula Miriam Grossman (October 30, 1919 – September 26, 2003) was an American music educator who was dismissed from a teaching position after gender-affirming surgery in 1971. Grossman unsuccessfully sued the school district on the basis of sex discrimination in the lawsuit Grossman v. Bernards Township Board of Education, but her case garnered international media attention.
Cosmos (1996 film)
Cosmos is a Canadian drama anthology film, released in 1996. Written and directed by Jennifer Alleyn, Manon Briand, Marie-Julie Dallaire, Arto Paragamian, André Turpin and Denis Villeneuve, the film is an anthology of six black and white short films, one by each of the credited directors, linked by the common character of Cosmos (Igor Ovadis), a Greek immigrant working as a cab driver in Montreal.

The film, made by a collective of then-emerging young directors, was considered an unofficial sequel to Montreal Stories (Montréal vu par...), a 1991 anthology film by six more established filmmakers.

Greek Canadians
Greek Canadians (Greek: Ελληνοκαναδοί) are Canadian citizens who have full or partial Greek heritage or people who emigrated from Greece and reside in Canada. According to the 2021 Census, there were 262,140 Canadians who claimed Greek ancestry.
Irish Bakers' National Amalgamated Union
The Irish Bakers' National Amalgamated Union was a trade union in Ireland.

The union was founded in 1889 as the Irish National Federal Union of Bakers by twenty-one local unions, and its membership soon reached 1,000.  Heavy recruitment at the start of the twentieth century increased this to 3,000, this meaning that it was the largest member of the Irish Congress of Trade Unions in 1901.  However, a lock-out in Dublin harmed the union, and by 1910 membership was barely a tenth of its peak.  In 1918, the union was renamed as the Irish Bakers, Confectioners and Allied Workers Amalgamated Union, and membership recovered to 2,000, then 5,000 by the 1950s.  In 1977, the union merged with the British-based Bakers, Food and Allied Workers Union.

Lockout (industry)
A lockout is a work stoppage or denial of employment initiated by the management of a company during a labor dispute. In contrast to a strike, in which employees refuse to work, a lockout is initiated by employers or industry owners.

Lockouts are usually implemented by simply refusing to admit employees onto company premises, and may include changing locks or hiring security guards for the premises. Other implementations include a fine for showing up, or a simple refusal of clocking in on the time clock. For these reasons, lockouts are referred to as the antithesis of strikes.

In professional sports in the United States and Canada, the National Football League, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, and the National Hockey League have all experienced lockouts.
Emily Azevedo
Emily Dianne Azevedo (born April 28, 1983) is an American bobsledder who has competed since 2002. She won two medals in the mixed bobsleigh-skeleton team event at the FIBT World Championships with a silver in 2007 and a bronze in 2008.

A native of Chico, California, Azevedo graduated from the University of California, Davis. While at UC-Davis, she competed in track and field in the 100 m hurdles. Azevedo decided to compete in bobsleigh after watching the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. She is supported by her parents, Dr. Alan and Wendy Azevedo and her sisters Amber, Chelsea and Geneva.

It was announced on 16 January 2010 that Azvedo made the US team for the 2010 Winter Olympics where she finished fifth in the two-woman event.

FIBT World Championships 2008
The FIBT World Championships 2008 ran February 11–24, 2008 in Altenberg, Germany for the fifth time, having done so in 1991 (bobsleigh), 1994 (skeleton), 1999 (skeleton), and 2000 (men's bobsleigh). It is the first time Altenberg has hosted all of those events at one championship, and also includes the mixed team event (one run each of men's skeleton, women's skeleton, 2-man bobsleigh, and 2-women bobsleigh) that debuted at the 2007 championships. Training for the events took place February 12–14 for two-man and two-woman bobsleigh, and February 19–20 for skeleton and four-man bobsleigh.
Bremner Wafer
Bremner Wafers are a water cracker made by the Bremner Biscuit Company. The company claims that the crackers "have a neutral taste" and that they are "perfect for pairing with a fine wine or savoring with cheese and pâté or seafood, soups and salads". It is because of this "neutral" taste that many wineries and food aficionados around the world prefer using the Bremner wafer as a wine tasting cracker. This neutral taste, however, is seen as a drawback by some because it means the crackers are nearly tasteless when eaten alone.

As of December 2023 the Bremner Wafer product has been discontinued.

Winery
A winery is a building or property that produces wine, or a business involved in the cultivation and production of wine, such as a wine company. Some wine companies own many wineries. Besides wine making equipment, larger wineries may also feature warehouses, bottling lines, laboratories, and large expanses of tanks known as tank farms. Wineries may have existed as long as 8,000 years ago.
The Fire that Consumes
The Fire that Consumes is an English translation of the 1955 play by French dramatist Henry de Montherlant,  La Ville dont le Prince est un enfant. The play was translated by Vivian Cox with Bernard Miles, and staged at the London West End Mermaid Theatre in 1977 with Nigel Hawthorne and Dai Bradley in the key roles. The title, literally translated, The City Whose Prince is a Child, is taken from Ecclesiastes 10:16: "Woe to thee, O land, when thy king is a child, and thy princes eat in the morning!"

Bernard Miles
Bernard James Miles, Baron Miles (27 September 1907 – 14 June 1991) was an English character actor, writer and director. He opened the Mermaid Theatre in 1959, the first new theatre that opened in the City of London since the 17th century.

He was known for playing character roles that had bucolic backgrounds or links to countrymen. His strong accent was typical of rustic dialects associated with the counties of Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire. His pleasant rolling bass-baritone voice made him a regular presence on the stage and in films for more than fifty years. In addition to his acting, he was a voice-over artist and published author.
Paillon
The Paillon (French pronunciation: [pajɔ̃] ⓘ; Nissard Occitan: Palhon) is a coastal river of the Alpes-Maritimes that flows into the Mediterranean Sea in Nice, near the old district. It is 35.8 km (22.2 mi) long. Its drainage basin is 258 km2 (100 sq mi). Its source is north of Lucéram. It flows generally south, through L'Escarène, Peillon, Drap (where it meets its main tributary Paillon de Contes), La Trinité, and finally Nice.

Being a typical Mediterranean river with low water level throughout the year but with the autumn and winter rains can turn violent with damaging floods.

The region of the Paillon and the Paillon de Contes is called the pays des Paillons. The river course was covered and converted into a subterranean stream for its last few kilometers in the city of Nice starting at Rue Georges Chapel to its mouth at Plage de Carras. Two major buildings built over the stream are the LGT Lyceé Guillaume Apollinaire Nice High School the Palais des Congrès Acropolis.

Lucéram
Lucéram (French pronunciation: [lyseʁam]; Italian: Lucerame, formerly; Occitan: Luceram) is a rural commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the southeastern Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in France.

The commune of Lucéram is home to the village of Peïra-Cava, north of the village of Lucéram, the first winter sports station in the department, established in 1909. The village of Lucéram has a number of ecclesiastical and medieval monuments, as well as altarpieces by Ludovico Brea.
Glyn Jenkins
Owen Glyndwr Jenkins (8 April 1927 – 21 August 2014) was an Australian politician.

Jenkins was born in Mildura to soldier settler Frederick John Jenkins and Doris Lewis. He was educated at Red Cliffs and then at Condamine and Toowoomba in Queensland qualifying as an accountant. From 1945 to 1946 he was a sergeant in the Australian Imperial Force. After the war he worked as a chartered accountant in Geelong. From 1966 to 1971 he served on Geelong City Council.

In 1970 Jenkins was elected to the Victorian Legislative Council for South Western, serving until 1976 when he transferred to Geelong; he was a member of the Liberal Party and served as whip from 1973 to 1979, parliamentary secretary to cabinet from 1979 to 1981, and Minister of Water Supply from 1981 to 1982. He lost his seat in 1982 and returned to chartered accountancy. Jenkins died in 2014 at Geelong.

Condamine, Queensland
Condamine is a rural town and locality in the Western Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the locality of Condamine had a population of 294 people.

Condamine is claimed to be the location of the invention of the Condamine Bell, a small bell made from sheet metal used to locate herds of cattle.
The Year's Best Science Fiction: First Annual Collection
The Year's Best Science Fiction: First Annual Collection is a science fiction anthology edited by Gardner Dozois that was published in 1984.  It is the 1st of 35 in The Year's Best Science Fiction series. It is available in the Kindle format.

Greg Bear
Gregory Dale Bear (August 20, 1951 – November 19, 2022) was an American science fiction writer. His work covered themes of conflict, consciousness, and accelerated evolution. The Forge of God and Anvil of Stars established his reputation. As time went on these works were rolled into lengthier trilogies and series. Along with Forge, popular series have included parallel universes in The Way and evolutionary themes in Darwin's Children.

He won numerous awards over the course of his career. His most awarded novel was Moving Mars, which won a Nebula Award. His last work was the 2021 novel The Unfinished Land. Greg Bear wrote over 50 books in total. He was one of the five co-founders of San Diego Comic-Con.
Professional learning community
A professional learning community (PLC) is a method to foster collaborative learning among colleagues within a particular work environment or field. It is often used in schools as a way to organize teachers into working groups of practice-based professional learning.

The Fifth Discipline
The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization is a book by Peter Senge about developing learning organizations by focusing on group problem solving using five basic disciplines or "component technologies", the "cornerstone" of which is systems thinking. The other four disciplines are personal mastery, mental models, building shared vision, and team learning.
The Boat Race 1997
The 143rd Boat Race between crews from the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge took place on the River Thames on 29 March 1997.  Umpired by former Oxford rower Tom Cadoux-Hudson, Cambridge won in a time of 17 minutes and 38 seconds.

In the reserve race, Cambridge's Goldie beat Oxford's Isis by 6+1⁄2 lengths.  Cambridge won the 52nd Women's Boat Race.

Umpire
An umpire is an official in a variety of sports and competition, responsible for enforcing the rules of the sport, including sportsmanship decisions such as ejection.

The term derives from the Old French nonper, non, 'not' and per, 'equal': 'one who is requested to act as arbiter of a dispute between two people' (as evidenced in cricket, where dismissal decisions can only be made on appeal). Noumper shows up around 1350 before undergoing a linguistic shift known as false splitting. It was written in 1426–1427 as a noounpier; the n was lost with the a indefinite article becoming an. The earliest version without the n shows up as owmpere, a variant spelling in Middle English, circa 1440. The leading n became permanently attached to the article, changing it to an Oumper around 1475.

The word was applied to the officials of many sports including baseball, association football (where it has been superseded by assistant-referee) and cricket (which still uses it).
Dutch Punk
Dutch Punk, or Nederpunk, is a body of music that evolved in the Netherlands that encompasses the various styles of punk rock music. The culture surrounding punk rock is often strongly politically oriented; in the Netherlands, punk culture grew alongside, and was influenced by, the Dutch squatters' movement and other European squatters' movements.
Few Dutch punk bands write lyrics in Dutch. However, as a small country, punk in the Netherlands has evolved with a unique mix of UK, US, European, and global punk influences.

The Travoltas
The Travoltas are a Dutch pop punk band from the Netherlands.  With a sound that combines an energetic mix of the Beach Boys and the Ramones, the band is often referred to as 'The Beach Boys of punk rock'.
Darya of the Bronze Age
Darya of the Bronze Age is a science fiction novel by American writer Lin Carter, the fourth in his series about the fictional "Hollow Earth" land of Zanthodon. It was first published in paperback by DAW Books in September 1981, with an ebook edition following from Gateway/Orion in October 2018. It was also gathered together with the other volumes in the series into the omnibus ebook collection The Zanthodon Megapack (Wildside Press, 2014).

Hollow Earth
The Hollow Earth is a concept proposing that the planet Earth is entirely hollow or contains a substantial interior space. Notably suggested in the late 17th century by Edmond Halley, the notion was later disproven, first tentatively by Pierre Bouguer in 1740, then definitively by Charles Hutton in his Schiehallion experiment around 1774.

It was still occasionally defended through the mid-19th century, notably by John Cleves Symmes Jr. and J. N. Reynolds, but by this time it was part of popular pseudoscience and no longer a scientifically viable hypothesis.

The concept of a hollow Earth still recurs in folklore and as a premise for subterranean fiction, a subgenre of adventure fiction. Hollow Earth also recurs in conspiracy theories and the cryptoterrestrial hypothesis and is often said to be inhabited by mythological figures or political leaders.