hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Noisy-le-Sec station
Noisy-le-Sec station is a railway station in Noisy-le-Sec, Seine-Saint-Denis, France. The station opened in 1849 and is on the Paris-Est–Strasbourg-Ville railway and Paris-Est–Mulhouse-Ville railway. The station is served by RER Line E services operated by the SNCF and Île-de-France tramway Line 1, operated by RATP Group. The station has long functioned as an important depot and marshalling yard, making it a major railway node.

The original station opened in the year 1849 with the first part of the railway line from Paris-Est to Strasbourg-Ville and was enlarged in 1910. During the first World War, it was an important station for transporting troops to the front lines. Following World War II, the station was rebuilt and later modified for the commencement of RER services in 1999.  The Tramway Line 1 extension to Noisy-le-Sec opened in the month of December 2003.

Strasbourg-Ville station
Strasbourg-Ville station (French: Gare de Strasbourg-Ville) is the main railway station in the city of Strasbourg, Bas-Rhin, France. It is the eastern terminus of the Paris-Est–Strasbourg-Ville railway. The current core building, an example of historicist architecture of the Wilhelminian period, replaced a previous station inaugurated in 1852, later turned into a covered market and ultimately demolished.
With 24.5 million passengers in 2024, Strasbourg-Ville is one of the busiest railway stations in France outside of the Île-de-France.
Andrés Ibáñez Province
Andrés Ibáñez Province is one of the fifteen provinces of the Bolivian Santa Cruz Department, situated in the western part of the department. Its capital is Santa Cruz de la Sierra which is also the capital of the department.

The province was created on December 6, 1944, during the presidency of Gualberto Villarroel López.

Gualberto Villarroel
Gualberto Villarroel López (15 December 1908 – 21 July 1946) was a Bolivian military officer who served as the 39th president of Bolivia from 1943 to 1946. A reformist, sometimes compared with Argentina's Juan Perón, he is nonetheless remembered for his alleged fascist sympathies and his violent demise.
1912 Yale Bulldogs football team
The 1912 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1912 college football season. The Bulldogs finished with a 7–1–1 record under first-year head coach Art Howe.  The team's only loss was to Harvard by a 20–0 score in the final game of the season.  Yale end Douglas Bomeisler and center Hank Ketcham were consensus picks for the 1912 College Football All-America Team, and two other Yale players (guards Russell Cooney and John Pendleton) received first-team All-America honors from at least one selector. Guard Ted York died following the Army game.

1912 college football season
The 1912 college football season was the first season of the modern era of college football, as the NCAA implemented changes to increase scoring:

Teams were given 4 downs instead of 3 downs to gain ten yards

The value of a touchdown was increased from 5 points to 6 points

The length of the playing field was reduced from 110 yards to 100 yards, and end zones of ten yards were added

Kickoff was made from the 40 yard line rather than at midfield.

At the end of the season, Harvard was named the year's champion by The New York Times.
Albert Jan Maat
Albert Jan Maat (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɑlbər tɕɑ ˈmaːt]; born 8 February 1953 in Heino, Overijssel) is a Dutch politician and Member of the European Parliament. He is a member of the Christian Democratic Appeal, which is part of the European People's Party, and sits on the European Parliament's Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development and its Committee on Fisheries.

He is also a substitute for the Committee on Budgetary Control, the Committee on Budgets, the Subcommittee on Human Rights, and the delegation to the EU–Chile Joint Parliamentary Committee. He is vice-chair of the delegation to the EU–Kazakhstan, EU–Kyrgyzstan and EU–Uzbekistan Parliamentary Cooperation Committees, and for relations with Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Mongolia.

European Parliament Committee on Budgets
The Committee on Budgets (BUDG) is a committee of the European Parliament. It has 41 members plus 39 substitute members. The committee's current chair is Jean Arthuis, who has held this position since 7 July 2014.
History of the Sitcom
History of the Sitcom is an eight-part CNN documentary television series that traces the development of the American situation comedy show from the 1950s to the 21st Century. The show features 184 interviews with creatives, actors and directors including Norman Lear, Mel Brooks, Yvette Lee Bowser, Marta Kauffman, and Carl Reiner (in his last recorded interview). The series follows a similar format of the CNN Original Series The History of Comedy.

The series takes an expansive view of what can be considered a sitcom; it includes traditional programs shot with multiple cameras in front of a live audience like I Love Lucy as well as modern single camera programs like Fleabag. The decision about which programs to include, according to series producer Bill Carter, came down to: "If the overarching purpose of the show is to make you laugh, it can be considered a sitcom. And in almost all cases, the shows are half-hours rather than hours."

Yvette Lee Bowser
Yvette Denise Lee Bowser (born June 9, 1965) is an American television writer and producer best known for creating the Fox sitcom Living Single. With Living Single, she became the first African-American woman to develop her own primetime series.
David F. Musto
David Franklin Musto (January 8, 1936 – October 8, 2010) was an American expert on U.S. drug policy and the war on drugs who served as a government adviser on the subject during the Presidency of Jimmy Carter. He wrote extensively on the history of licit and illicit drugs and the process by which many of them were placed under governmental control.

Federal drug policy of the United States
The drug policy in the United States is the activity of the federal government relating to the regulation of drugs. Starting in the early 1900s, the United States government began enforcing drug policies. These policies criminalized drugs such as opium, morphine, heroin, and cocaine outside of medical use. The drug policies put into place are enforced by the Food and Drug Administration and the Drug Enforcement Administration. Classification of Drugs are defined and enforced using the Controlled Substances Act, which lists different drugs into their respective substances based on its potential of abuse and potential for medical use. Four different categories of drugs are Alcohol, Cannabis, Opioids, and Stimulants.
Devone Payne
Howard Devone Payne (November 14, 1913 – March 20, 1958) was an American football coach and college athletics administrator. He served as head football coach at Louisiana College in 1953 and Northeast Louisiana State College—now known as the University of Louisiana at Monroe—serving four seasons, from 1954 to 1957, and compiling a career college football coaching record of 18–29–1. Payne lettered in football, basketball, and track at Louisiana College, serving as team captain in football in 1937.

Payne died on March 20, 1958, at a hospital in Monroe, Louisiana, where he had been undergoing surgery for ulcers. In 2007 Payne was inducted into the ULM Sports Hall of Fame. He is also a member of the Louisiana High School Athletic Association, having been inducted in 1992 posthumously.

Monroe, Louisiana
Monroe is the ninth-largest city in the U.S. state of Louisiana, and is the parish seat and largest city of Ouachita Parish. With a 2020 census-tabulated population of 47,702, it is the principal city of the Monroe metropolitan statistical area, the second-largest metropolitan area in North Louisiana.
Electoral district of South Coast
South Coast is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It incorporates almost all of the City of Shoalhaven to the south of the Shoalhaven River, notably Nowra, Ulladulla and Milton.

Milton, New South Wales
Milton is a village in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia, within the City of Shoalhaven. It was founded in 1860, named after the property of post master George Knight and became an important regional centre during the 19th Century. Today, Milton remains one of the two main commercial centres of the Milton-Ulladulla district, with a population at the 2016 census of 1,663. It is  a popular stopping place for travellers on the Princes Highway which runs through the centre of town. In recent years, Milton has undergone a resurgence largely influenced by the local tourism industry and an influx of residents to the district seeking a seachange. Several new housing estates are being developed on the fringes of the village and new boutique stores, cafes and bed and breakfast type businesses have located in the town.
Callulina dawida
Callulina dawida, also known as Taita warty frog, is a species of frogs in the family Brevicipitidae. It is endemic to Kenya, where it is only found in severely fragmented montane forests in Taita Hills in the south-eastern part of the country. Originally Callulina was thought to be monotypic and widely distributed through Eastern Arc Mountains in Tanzania and in southern Kenya. However, within the last decade eight new species have been identified, many which are considered critically endangered by IUCN. C. dawida was described in 2009 by a team led by Simon Loader; it received its specific name after Dawida language, which is spoken in Taita Hills.

Eastern Arc Mountains
The Eastern Arc Mountains are a chain of mountains found in Kenya and Tanzania. The chain runs from northeast to southwest, with the Taita Hills being in Kenya and the other ranges being in Tanzania. They are delimited on the southwest by the fault complex represented by the Makambako Gap that separates them from the Kipengere Range.  To the northeast, they are delimited by more recent volcanism represented by Mount Kilimanjaro. The chain is considered a tentative World Heritage Site.
Geoff Linke
Geoff Linke (born 21 November 1955) is  a former Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL)	and South Adelaide in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL).

Linke was drafted by St Kilda in the inaugural VFL Draft in 1981 by badly injured his knee in his second match for St Kilda. After missing the rest of the 1982 VFL season, Linke aggravated his knee injury while training in the 1983 pre-season, requiring further surgery.

1981 VFL draft
The 1981 VFL draft was the first annual national draft held by the Victorian Football League, the leading Australian rules football league.

Held on 8 October 1981, all twelve VFL clubs participated in the draft, each having two picks, with the team finishing last in the 1981 VFL season having first choice, followed by the other eleven clubs in reverse finishing position order. Wooden spooners Melbourne named Perth wingman Alan Johnson as the first pick of the draft.
Gros (coinage)
A gros was a type of silver coinage of France from the time of Saint Louis. There were gros tournois and gros parisis. The gros was sub-divided in half gros and quarter gros. The original gros created by St Louis weighed about 4.52 g of nearly pure silver, and was valued at one sou, that is 12 deniers or 1/20 of a livre tournois. Unlike the gold écu that was minted in small numbers, mostly for prestige reasons, the gros was a very common coin, and very widely copied by non royal mints.

Livre tournois
The livre tournois (French pronunciation: [livʁ tuʁnwa]; lit. 'Tours pound'; abbreviation: ₶ or £) was one of numerous currencies used in medieval France, and a unit of account (i.e., a monetary unit used in accounting) used in early modern France.

The 1262 monetary reform established the livre tournois as 20 sous tournois, or 80.88 grams of fine silver. The franc à cheval was a gold coin of one livre tournois minted in large numbers from 1360.
In 1549, the livre tournois was decreed a unit of account, and in 1667 it officially replaced the livre parisis. 
In 1720, the livre tournois was redefined as 0.31 grams of pure gold, and in 1726, in a devaluation under Louis XV, as 4.50516 grams of fine silver.
It was the basis of the revolutionary French franc of 1795, defined as 4.5 grams of fine silver exactly.
Rancho Cañada de los Pinos
Rancho Cañada de los Pinos or College Rancho was a 35,499-acre (143.66 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Santa Barbara County, California.  The grant extended  along the north bank of the Santa Ynez River opposite Rancho Lomas de la Purificacion and encompassed Mission Santa Inés and present-day Santa Ynez, in the Santa Ynez Valley.

Santa Ynez Valley
The Santa Ynez Valley (Spanish: Valle de Santa Ynez) is located in Santa Barbara County, California, between the Santa Ynez Mountains to the south and the San Rafael Mountains to the north. The Santa Ynez River flows through the valley from east to west. The Santa Ynez Valley is separated from the Los Alamos Valley, to the northwest, by the Purisima Hills, and from the Santa Maria Valley by the Solomon Hills. The Santa Rita Hills separate the Santa Ynez Valley from the Santa Rita and Lompoc Valleys to the west.

The valley has a population of about 20,000 residents living in the communities of Solvang, Los Olivos, Santa Ynez, Buellton, and Ballard.
Larry Playfair
Larry William Playfair (born June 23, 1958) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He played for the Buffalo Sabres and Los Angeles Kings in the NHL and he has worked as a color analyst for Sabres television broadcasts since his 1990 retirement due to chronic back problems. Along with his younger brother Jim, Playfair was drafted in the first round of the NHL Entry Draft (Larry in 1978 and Jim in 1982), and both played junior hockey for the Portland Winter Hawks of the Western Hockey League.

Playfair was president of the Sabres Alumni Association spanning at least December 2007 and March 2012.

1982 NHL entry draft
The 1982 NHL entry draft was the 20th NHL entry draft. It was held at the Montreal Forum in Montreal, Quebec. The National Hockey League (NHL) teams selected 252 players eligible for entry into professional ranks, in the reverse order of the 1981–82 NHL season and playoff standings. This is the list of those players selected.

The last active player in the NHL from this draft class was Dave Andreychuk, who retired after the 2005–06 season.
Lay Down (DMA's song)
"Lay Down" is a song by Australian rock band DMA's. It was released in September 2015 as the lead single from their debut album Hills End. The song was premiered on Annie Mac's BBC 1 show and was certified gold in Australia in 2019.

DMA's
DMA's are an Australian rock band formed in 2012 in Sydney, New South Wales. The band is composed of lead vocalist Tommy O'Dell, lead guitarist Matt Mason, and rhythm guitarist Johnny Took. They originally gained popularity for their debut single "Delete" and for their self-titled EP, which were both released in 2014. The band have since gone on to release four studio albums: Hills End (2016), For Now (2018), The Glow (2020) and How Many Dreams? (2023). All four albums have peaked within the top 10 of the ARIA Albums Chart, with the latter two also reaching the top five in the UK and Scotland.
Price Wallace
Price Wallace (born November 24, 1961) is an American politician. He is a member of the Mississippi House of Representatives from the 77th District, being first elected in 2018. He is a member of the Republican Party.

In a November 7, 2020 tweet from his official Twitter account, in response to the victory of Joe Biden in the 2020 United States presidential election, Wallace called for the state of Mississippi to "succeed  [sic] from the union and form our own country." This tweet was later deleted, and Wallace apologized for posting it.

Secession
Secession (from Latin: sēcessiō, lit. 'a withdrawing') is a term and a concept which is used in reference to the formal withdrawal of a group from a political entity.

In international law, secession is understood as a process in which an integral part of a state's territory unilaterally withdraws without the consent of the original state.

The process begins once a group proclaims an act of secession (such as a declaration of independence). A secession attempt might be violent or peaceful, but the goal is the creation of a new state or entity independent of the group or territory from which it seceded. Threats of secession can be a strategy for achieving more limited goals. There is some academic debate about this definition, and in particular how it relates to separatism.
Pilipinas Kong Mahal
Pilipinas Kong Mahal (English: Philippines, My Philippines) is one of the most popular patriotic songs in the Philippines. The song was composed by Filipino musician, Francisco Santiago and lyrics by Ildefonso Santos.

The English lyrics, Philippines, My Philippines, was written by Prescott Ford Jernegan. The tune was adapted from the former U.S. state anthem, Maryland, My Maryland, itself a set to the German Christmas carol, O Tannenbaum. Santiago revised the melody, and Santos translated the Jernegan text into Filipino.

In the Philippines, patriotic songs are often sung by people at political rallies, protests and demonstrations. These are sung in patriotic dramas, choral performances, or dances, especially in schools during Araw ng Kalayaan (Independence Day) celebrations in June, and Buwan ng Wika (Language Month) in August.

This patriotic song is usually sung during flag retreat ceremonies on Friday afternoons, and events held days other than a Monday.

Christmas carol
A Christmas carol is a carol (a song or hymn) on the theme of Christmas, traditionally sung at Christmas itself or during the surrounding Christmas and holiday season. The term noel has sometimes been used, especially for carols of French origin. Christmas carols may be regarded as a subset of the broader category of Christmas music.
Lucius Laberius Maximus
Lucius Laberius Maximus  was a governor of Roman Egypt in 83 CE, and prefect of the imperial bodyguard, known as the Praetorian Guard, during the reign of Roman Emperor Domitian, in 84 CE.

Prior to achieving these positions, Laberius Maximus had also successfully completed a term as Praefectus annonae, or the prefect in charge of the grain supply of Rome. Maximus attained all three of the highest offices open to members of the equestrian class.

Bodyguard
A bodyguard (or close protection officer/operative) is a type of security guard, government law enforcement officer, or servicemember who protects an important person or group of people, such as high-ranking public officials, wealthy businesspeople, and celebrities, from harm. The personnel team that protects a VIP is often referred to as the VIP's security detail.

Most important public figures, such as heads of state, heads of government, and governors are protected by a team of bodyguards from a government agency, security forces, or police forces. Less-important public figures, or those with lower risk profiles, may be accompanied by a single bodyguard who doubles as a driver.
Bodyguards have existed since ancient civilizations, with notable examples including the Roman Praetorian Guard, Persian Immortals, and the Janissaries of the Ottoman Empire. These roles have evolved into modern executive protection professionals, equipped with advanced technologies and training.
Open access in the Netherlands
Scholarly communication of the Netherlands published in open access form can be found by searching the National Academic Research and Collaboration Information System (NARCIS). The web portal was developed in 2004 by the Data Archiving and Networked Services of the Dutch Research Council (NWO) and Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Brill Publishers, National Library of the Netherlands, OAPEN Foundation, Stichting Fair Open Access Alliance, Utrecht University Library, and VU University Amsterdam Library belong to the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association.

Royal Library of the Netherlands
The KB National Library of the Netherlands (legal Dutch name: Koninklijke Bibliotheek [ˈkoːnɪŋkləkə ˌbiblijoːˈteːk] 'Royal Library',  or KB [kaːˈbeː]) is the national library  of the Netherlands, based in The Hague, founded in 1798.

The KB collects everything that is published in and concerning the Netherlands, from medieval literature to today's publications. About 7 million publications are stored in the stockrooms, including books, newspapers, magazines and maps. The KB offers digital services, such as the national online Library (with e-books and audiobooks), Delpher (millions of digitized pages) and The Memory (about 800,000 images). Since 2015, the KB has played a coordinating role for the network of the public library. The KB's collection of websites as hosted by the former Dutch internet provider XS4ALL is on the Unesco documentary world heritage memory of the world. It is the first web collection in the world that has been granted this status.
Pranahuti (Pre-meal ritual)
Pranahuti (Sanskrit: प्राणाहुति, romanized: Prāṇāhuti) is a ritual of reciting a mantra (hymn), offering food that is about to be consumed, to the five pranas. It is mostly practiced by orthodox Brahmins before consuming their meal. It is also performed at the time of Śrāddha, a ritual of homage to one's ancestors.

Devanagari transliteration
Devanagari transliteration is the process of representing text written in Devanagari script—an Indic script used for Classical Sanskrit and many other Indic languages—in the Latin script, preserving pronunciation and spelling conventions. There are several methods of transliteration from Devanagari to the Latin script (i.e., romanisation), including the IAST notation. Romanised Devanagari is also called Romanagari.
P C K Prem
P C K Prem (P C Katoch) is an Indian poet, novelist, short story writer, editor and critic, writing in English and Hindi. He is a former academician, civil servant, and member of the Himachal Public Service Commission, Shimla.

Palampur, Himachal Pradesh
Palampur is a hill station and a municipal corporation situated in the Kangra District in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. Palampur is served by the Palampur Himachal railway station (PLMX), situated in Maranda.
De Medina
De Medina is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bartolomé de Medina (theologian), Spanish theologian

Eduardo Diez de Medina

Federico Diez de Medina

Juan de Medina

Lucila Gamero de Medina

Miguel de Medina

Nathan de Medina, Belgian footballer

Samuel de Medina

Solomon de Medina

Samuel de Medina
Rabbi Samuel ben Moses de Medina (abbreviated RaShDaM, Hebrew: רשד"ם or Maharashdam; 1505 – October 12, 1589), was a Talmudist and author from Thessaloniki. He was principal of the Talmudic academy of that city, which produced a great number of prominent scholars during the 16th and 17th centuries. His teachers were the noted Talmudists Joseph Taitazak and Levi Ibn Chaviv, and among his schoolmates were Isaac Adarbi, Joseph ibn Leb, and Moses Almosnino. While on a mission to Constantinople he met the noted grammarian Menahem Lonzano, who studied under him for some time and who therefore speaks of him as his teacher.

Among Samuel's many disciples who attained prominence were Abraham de Boton, Joseph ibn Ezra and Ḥayyim Shabbethai. He had a controversy with Joseph Karo and other rabbis at Safed, against whom he wrote a polemical letter (Ketav Tochachah). He died at Salonica.  A grandson of his was Samuel Hayyun, author of Bene Shemuel, novellae and responsa (Salonica, c. 1613).