hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nookat
Nookat (Kyrgyz: Ноокат), also Eski-Nookat, Iski-Naukat or Naukat, is a city in Osh Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is the seat of Nookat District. Its population was 18,228 in 2021.

The main street, Soltobaev, forms part of the main Osh-Batken highway and is consequently very dusty and busy, lined by willow, poplar and plane trees.

Nookat came to signify the repression during the Kurmanbek Bakiyev regime as villagers were imprisoned, tortured and sentenced to lengthy prison terms following civil unrest in the fall of 2008. Following the revolt in April 2010, the villagers, of the Uzbek minority, were released.

Kurmanbek Bakiyev
Kurmanbek Sali uulu Bakiyev (born 1 August 1949) is a Kyrgyzstani politician who served as the second president of Kyrgyzstan from 2005 until his removal from office as a result of the Kyrgyz Revolution of 2010, forcing Bakiyev to flee the country.

Bakiyev was the leader of the People's Movement of Kyrgyzstan before his ascendance to the presidency. He received most of his popular support from the south of the country. The Legislative Assembly of Kyrgyzstan of the Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan appointed him acting president on 25 March 2005, following the ousting, during the Tulip Revolution, of President Askar Akayev. In October 2007, Bakiyev initiated the creation of Ak Jol party, but could not lead it due to his presidency.
Kosmos 268
Kosmos 268 (Russian: Космос 268 meaning Cosmos 268), known before launch as DS-P1-Yu No.18, was a Soviet satellite which was used as a radar calibration target for tests of anti-ballistic missiles. It was a 250-kilogram (550 lb) spacecraft, which was built by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, and launched in 1969 as part of the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik programme.

Anti-ballistic missile
An anti-ballistic missile (ABM) is a surface-to-air missile designed to destroy in-flight ballistic missiles. They achieve this explosively (chemical or nuclear), or via hit-to-kill kinetic vehicles, which may also have self-maneuvering capabilities.

Tactical systems are widely deployed to counter short and intermediate-range ballistic missiles that carry conventional warheads.

Strategic systems, deployed by the United States, Russia, China, and Israel, are capable of intercepting intercontinental ballistic missiles, typically used to carry strategic nuclear warheads. During the Cold War, the 1972 ABM Treaty limited the nuclear arms race; excessive ICBM production would have been favoured to overwhelm ABM systems. For modern strategic systems, Russia's ABMs are the only ones that are themselves armed with nuclear warheads.
Madelaine Smith
Madelaine Smith (born 19 January 1995 in Solihull) is a British skeleton racer who competes on the Skeleton World Cup and lower ranking circuits.  She started racing in 2014, and was promoted to the World Cup circuit for the first time at Igls in December, 2017, where she finished 17th.  Her best finish on the ICC was 5th, achieved at three races in Calgary, and she won both North American Cup races in Park City in 2017. 
In 2019/2020 Madelaine designed her own line of winter sports sunglasses for British eye wear brand - Toyshades. 
She came to skeleton from athletics, where she was a hurdler, at the suggestion of aerial skier Lloyd Wallace.

Olympic Sliding Centre Innsbruck
The Olympic Sliding Centre Innsbruck is a venue for bobsleigh, luge and skeleton located in Igls, Austria (southeast of Innsbruck). The most recent version of the track was completed in 1975 and is the first permanent, combination artificially refrigerated bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track, serving as a model for other tracks of its kind worldwide. It hosted the bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton competitions for the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics.
Lankenau Environmental Science Magnet High School
Lankenau Environmental Science Magnet High School (commonly referred as Lankenau High School) is a district-run magnet high school in Upper Roxborough, Northwest Philadelphia. It is a part of the School District of Philadelphia. The school's Advanced Placement participation was 34 percent during the 2014 school year. The school has also received a Bronze recognition by U.S. News & World Report's list of Best U.S. High Schools from 2012 through 2014.

The school is near the border with Montgomery County and occupies a wooded area. It described itself as the "country campus for the college bound".

Northwest Philadelphia
Northwest Philadelphia is a section of the city of Philadelphia. The official boundary is Stenton Avenue to the north, the Schuylkill River to the southwest, Northwestern Avenue to the northwest, Roosevelt Boulevard to the south, and Wister Street and Stenton Avenue to the east. Conventionally, the area east of Wissahickon Creek, which comprises Germantown, Mount Airy, Chestnut Hill, and Cedarbrook, is termed the 'Upper Northwest', and the area west of the creek, which comprises Roxborough, Wissahickon, East Falls, and Manayunk, is termed the 'Lower Northwest'. The area of Philadelphia west of the Schuylkill River is known as West Philadelphia. The Philadelphia Police Department patrols two districts located within Northwest Philadelphia. The two patrol districts serving Northwest Philadelphia are the 5th and 14th districts.
Uberto Decembrio
Uberto Decembrio (1350–1427) was a Milanese Renaissance Humanist who worked for the Viscontis. He justified Visconti tyranny, tyranny meaning absolute rule by someone without noble title. In his De Re Publica, dedicated to Filippo Maria Visconti, he argued that public office should be open to all on the basis of talent. He justified Visconti tyranny as necessary for Italian unification and to end the factionalism endemic to republics, which were the same reasons Petrarch gave in favor of tyranny but at odds with both Guelph and Ghibeline ideas.

Uberto had four sons: Modesto, Pier Candido, Paolo Valerio and Angelo Camillo.

Visconti of Milan
The Visconti of Milan are a noble Italian family. They rose to power in Milan during the Middle Ages where they ruled from 1277 to 1447, initially as lords and then as dukes, and several collateral branches still exist. The effective founder of the Visconti Lordship of Milan was the Archbishop Ottone, who wrested control of the city from the rival Della Torre family in 1277.
Anthony Henley (cricketer)
Anthony Alfred Henley (7 November 1846 – 14 December 1916) was an English cricketer and medical doctor.

The son of Cornish Henley, he was born at Sherborne in November 1846. He was educated there at Sherborne School, where he played for and captained the school cricket team. He played first-class cricket for Hampshire in 1866, making a single appearance against Surrey at The Oval. Playing as a wicket-keeper in the match, he batted twice and was dismissed for 7 runs by George Griffith in Hampshire's first innings, while in their second innings he was dismissed by Thomas Humphrey for 9 runs. Henley was by profession a doctor and was resident at Woodbridge in Suffolk until his death there in December 1916. His son, Francis, was also a first-class cricketer, as was his brother Robert.

Sherborne
Sherborne is a market town and civil parish in north west Dorset, in South West England. It is sited on the River Yeo, on the edge of the Blackmore Vale, 6 miles (10 kilometres) east of Yeovil. The parish includes the hamlets of Nether Coombe and Lower Clatcombe. The A30 road, which connects London to Penzance, runs through the town. In the 2021 census the population of Sherborne was 10,361.

Sherborne's historic buildings include Sherborne Abbey, its manor house, independent schools, and two castles: the ruins of a 12th-century fortified palace and the 16th-century mansion known as Sherborne Castle built by Sir Walter Raleigh. Much of the old town, including much of the abbey and many medieval and Georgian buildings, is built from distinctive honey-brown coloured Sherborne Stone.

The town is served by Sherborne railway station.
María Virginia Francesa
María Virginia Francesa (born 25 March 1974) is a Venezuelan former professional tennis player.

Raised in Caracas, Francesa represented the Venezuela Fed Cup team in 19 ties, debuting in 1991. She won a total of 18 rubbers, nine in singles and nine in doubles. Her last appearance in 2001 was a World Group play-off tie against Croatia.

On the professional tour she reached a career high singles ranking of 311 and won two doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. She had a best doubles ranking of 380 in the world.

Francesa won a gold medal at the 1993 Central American and Caribbean Games in women's doubles (with Ninfa Marra) and a mixed doubles gold medal at the 1994 South American Games (with Jimy Szymanski). She also competed for Venezuela in two editions of the Pan American Games.

Venezuela Billie Jean King Cup team
The Venezuela Billie Jean King Cup team represents Venezuela in the Billie Jean King Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Venezuelan Tennis Federation, known in Spanish as Federación Venezolana de Tenis . Venezuela will compete in Americas Zone Group I in 2012.
Star for a Night (Philippine TV series)
Star for a Night is a Philippine television reality competition show broadcast by IBC. Hosted by Regine Velasquez, it aired from March 31, 2002, to March 1, 2003, replacing Musika Atbp. and was replaced by Amazing Twins. The grand finals took place in ULTRA in Pasig.

The Legendary Siblings
The Legendary Siblings (絕代雙驕) is a Taiwanese television series adapted from Gu Long's novel Juedai Shuangjiao. The series was directed by Lee Kwok-lap and starred Jimmy Lin and Alec Su. It was first broadcast on TTV in Taiwan in 1999 and was followed by The Legendary Siblings 2 in 2002.
Expansion team
An expansion team is a new team in a sports league, usually from a city that has not hosted a team in that league before, formed with the intention of satisfying the demand for a local team from a population in a new area. Sporting leagues also hope that the expansion of their competition will grow the popularity of the sport generally. The term is most commonly used in reference to the North American major professional sports leagues but is applied to sports leagues in other countries with a closed franchise system of league membership. The term refers to the expansion of the sport into new areas. The addition of an expansion team sometimes results in the payment of an expansion fee to the league by the new team and an expansion draft to populate the new roster.

Vancouver Warriors
The Vancouver Warriors are a Canadian professional box lacrosse team based in Vancouver, British Columbia, that competes in the National Lacrosse League (NLL). The team moved from Everett, Washington, for the 2014 NLL season.
McCune–Albright syndrome
McCune–Albright syndrome is a complex genetic disorder affecting the bone, skin and endocrine systems. It is a mosaic disease arising from somatic activating mutations in GNAS, which encodes the alpha-subunit of the Gs heterotrimeric G protein.

It was first described in 1937 by American pediatrician Donovan James McCune and American endocrinologist Fuller Albright.

Gs alpha subunit
The Gs alpha subunit (Gαs, Gsα) is a subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein Gs that stimulates the cAMP-dependent pathway by activating adenylyl cyclase. Gsα is a GTPase that functions as a cellular signaling protein. 
Gsα is the founding member of one of the four families of heterotrimeric G proteins, defined by the alpha subunits they contain: the Gαs family, Gαi/Gαo family, Gαq family, and Gα12/Gα13 family. The Gs-family has only two members: the other member is Golf, named for its predominant expression in the olfactory system. In humans, Gsα is encoded by the GNAS complex locus, while Golfα is encoded by the GNAL gene.
2012 South American Basketball Championship
The 2012 South American Basketball Championship was the 45th edition of the South American Basketball Championship. Eight teams participated in the competition, held in Resistencia, Chaco Province, Argentina, from 18 to 22 June 2012 at the Stadium of Club Atlético Sarmiento. Brazil were the defending champions. The top five teams qualified for the 2013 FIBA Americas Championship, which also served as the FIBA Americas' qualifier for the 2014 Basketball World Cup.

2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup
The 2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup was the 17th edition of the FIBA Basketball World Cup, the tournament previously known as the FIBA World Championship. The tournament was held from 30 August to 14 September 2014. Hosted by Spain, it was the last tournament to be held on the then-current four-year cycle. The next FIBA World Cup was held five years later, in 2019, to reset the four-year-cycle on a different year than the FIFA World Cup.

The United States won their fifth world championship, after beating silver medal-winning Serbia in the Final. France claimed the third place, while Lithuania finished fourth in the tournament.
Aaron Payne (sprinter)
Aaron Payne (born May 16, 1971) is an American former sprinter.

Competing for the Ohio State Buckeyes track and field team, Payne won the 1993 4 × 400 meter relay at the NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships. Payne also competed for the school's football team.

4 × 400 meter relay at the NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
This is a list of the NCAA Division I outdoor champions in the 4 × 440-yard relay until 1975, and the metric 4 × 400 meter relay since metrication occurred in 1976. Hand timing was used until 1973, while starting in 1974 fully automatic timing was used.
Escort Group B2
Escort Group B2 was a convoy escort British formation of the Royal Navy which saw action during the Second World War, principally in the Battle of the Atlantic.
The group was under the command of Cdr Donald Macintyre, one of Britain's most successful anti-submarine warfare commanders.

German submarine U-186
German submarine U-186 was a Type IXC/40 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II.
Her keel was laid down on 24 July 1941 by DeSchiMAG AG Weser in Bremen as yard number 1026. She was launched on 11 March 1942 and commissioned on 10 July with Korvettenkapitän Siegfried Hesemann in command.

The U-boat's service began with training as part of the 4th U-boat Flotilla. She then moved to the 10th flotilla on 1 January 1943 for operations. 
The submarine carried out two patrols and was a member of nine wolfpacks. She sank three ships totalling 18,782 gross register tons (GRT).

She was sunk by a British destroyer on 12 May 1943.
Paenarthrobacter aurescens
Paenarthrobacter aurescens is a bacterium species from the genus Paenarthrobacter . Paenarthrobacter aurescens produces nitrilase and L-N-carbamoylase. Paenarthrobacter aurescens has a low GC-content and has the ability to utilize anethole.

Nitrilase
Nitrilase enzymes (nitrile aminohydrolase; EC 3.5.5.1) catalyse the hydrolysis of nitriles to carboxylic acids and ammonia, without the formation of "free" amide intermediates. Nitrilases are involved in natural product biosynthesis and post translational modifications in plants, animals, fungi and certain prokaryotes. Nitrilases can also be used as catalysts in preparative organic chemistry. Among others, nitrilases have been used for the resolution of racemic mixtures. Nitrilase should not be confused with nitrile hydratase (nitrile hydro-lyase; EC 4.2.1.84) which hydrolyses nitriles to amides. Nitrile hydratases are almost invariably co-expressed with an amidase, which converts the amide to the carboxylic acid. Consequently, it can sometimes be difficult to distinguish nitrilase activity from nitrile hydratase plus amidase activity.
Ed Roland discography
The discography of American musician Ed Roland consists of two studio albums as a solo artist, ten studio albums with Collective Soul, two studio albums with Ed Roland and the Sweet Tea Project, and one studio album with Alien Attitude.

Ed Roland
Edgar Eugene Roland, Jr. (born August 3, 1963) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. He is the lead vocalist and primary songwriter of the rock band Collective Soul, along with his brother Dean, who also served as the band's rhythm guitarist. He is also active with his side project, Ed Roland and the Sweet Tea Project.
Edgewood station (MARC)
Edgewood station is a passenger rail station on the Northeast Corridor in the unincorporated community of Edgewood, Maryland, served by the MARC Penn Line. Edgewood station serves the southern terminus of Maryland Route 755 which terminates at an entrance to the Aberdeen Proving Ground. The station has two side platforms with a small station building north of the tracks. Parking is located on either side of the station area.

Aberdeen Proving Ground
Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG) is a U.S. Army facility located adjacent to Aberdeen, Maryland, United States. More than 7,500 civilians and 5,000 military personnel work at APG. There are 11 major commands among the tenant units, including:

United States Army Communications-Electronics Command (CECOM)

United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM)

United States Army Test and Evaluation Command (ATEC)

Edgewood Arsenal

Adelphi Laboratory Center
The Army Reserve Information Operations Command
Unified Cross Domain Services Management Office
HQ, U.S. Army Contracting Command (Army Contracting Command –APG, Adelphi Contracting Division)
U.S. Army 93rd Signal Network - Network Enterprise Center
Logistics Readiness Center
U.S. Army Cyber Operation Group – 335th Signal Command
Blossom Point Research Facility
Leonardo Acosta
Leonardo Daniel Acosta Díaz (born March 21, 1977) is a Uruguayan association football forward currently playing for Patronato de Paraná of the Primera B Nacional in Argentina. He was born in Montevideo.

Club Atlético Patronato
The Club Atlético Patronato de la Juventud Católica (commonly called Patronato or Patronato de Paraná, lit. 'Patronage of Parana') is an Argentine sports club based in Paraná, Entre Ríos Province.

The club is mostly known for its football team currently competes in Primera Nacional, the second division of the Argentine football league system. Other sports sections of the club include basketball, volleyball, artistic roller skating, judo, and karate.
Red Cross parcel
Red Cross parcel refers to packages containing mostly food, tobacco and personal hygiene items sent by the International Association of the Red Cross to prisoners of war (POWs) during the First and Second World Wars, as well as at other times.  It can also refer to medical parcels and so-called "release parcels" provided during the Second World War.

The Red Cross arranged them in accordance with the provisions of the Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War (1929).  During the Second World War these packages augmented the often-meagre and deficient diets in the prisoner-of-war camps, contributing greatly to prisoner survival and an increase in morale.  Modern Red Cross food parcels provide basic food and sanitary needs for persons affected by natural disasters, wars, political upheavals or similar events.

More recent catastrophes involving delivery of Red Cross parcels include events in Georgia, Thailand and Great Britain.

Condensed milk
Condensed milk is cow's milk from which water has been removed (roughly 60% of it). It is most often found with sugar added, in the form of sweetened condensed milk, to the extent that the terms "condensed milk" and "sweetened condensed milk" are often used interchangeably today. Sweetened condensed milk is a very thick, sweet product, which when canned can last for years without refrigeration if not opened. The product is used in numerous dessert dishes in many countries.

A related product is evaporated milk, which has undergone a lengthier preservation process because it is not sweetened.
Learn to Talk / Country of Blinds
Learn to Talk / Country of Blinds is a CD compilation album by American experimental rock and jazz band Skeleton Crew. It was released by RecRec Music in 1990 and comprises the band's two studio albums, Learn to Talk and The Country of Blinds, with two tracks omitted from the former album, and one track omitted from the latter.

In 2005 Fred Records reissued the compilation on a double CD, omitting only one track from The Country of Blinds, and adding ten live tracks taken from the band's North American and European tours, nine of which were previously unreleased. This reissue was dedicated by Fred Frith to Tom Cora, who died in 1998: "Dedicated to the memory of Tom Cora – dear friend, master musician and enthusiastic co-conspirator."

Dave Newhouse
David Newhouse (born 1953) is an American progressive rock and avant-garde jazz multi-instrumentalist and composer. He was one on the founding members of the Maryland-based progressive rock/avant-jazz band, the Muffins, and has recorded nine solo albums, five of them as Manna/Mirage, a solo project he created in 2015.
Neodesmus
Neodesmus is a genus of green algae in the family Scenedesmaceae.

Neodesmus consists of colonies of two cells, termed coenobia (plural of coenobium); these coenobia may be further arranged in a structured called a syncoenobium surrounded by a mucilage envelope. The cells are fusiform to cylindrical, 5 to 9 μm long and arranged obliquely next to each other. Syncoenobia may be up to 65 μm long. Each cell is uninucleate (i.e. with one nucleus) and contains one parietal chloroplast, each with a pyrenoid.

Neodesmus reproduces asexually by forming autospores; two spores are produced per cell. Sexual reproduction or flagellated life stages have not been observed in Neodesmus.

Autospore
Autospores are a type of spores that are produced by algae to enable asexual reproduction and spread. They are non-motile and non-flagellated aplanospores that are generated within a parent cell and have the same shape as the parent cell before their release. Autospores are also known as resting spores. Algae primarily use three different types of spores for asexual reproduction - autospores, zoospores, and aplanospores. Autospores occur in several groups of algae, including Eustigmatophyceae, Dinoflagellates, and green algae. One example of a colonial alga that produces autospores is Dichotomococcus. This alga generates two autospores per reproducing cell, and the autospores escape through a slit in the cell wall and remain attached to the mother cell. Some study on autospores and algae in general include looking into its use for biofuel, animal feed, food supplements, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals.
Karen Anderson
Karen Anderson is the name of

Karen Anderson (writer) (1932–2018), American fantasy writer

Karen Anderson (athlete) (born 1938), American javelin thrower

Karen Anderson (squash) (born 1971), Jamaican squash player

Karen Anderson (politician), member of the North Dakota House of Representatives

Karen Anderson (politician)
Karen A. Anderson is an American politician in the state of North Dakota. She is a member of the North Dakota House of Representatives, representing the 19th district. She won the seat in the 2022 election with fellow Republican David Monson against Democratic candidates Jill Hipsher and Lynnell Popowski.
Megaera
Megaera (/məˈdʒɪərə/ mə-JEER-ə; Ancient Greek: Μέγαιρα, romanized: Mégaira, lit. 'the jealous one') is one of the Erinyes, Eumenides or "Furies" in Greek mythology.  Bibliotheca Classica states "According to the most received opinions, they were three in number, Tisiphone, "Megaera ... daughter of Nyx and Acheron", and Alecto".

In other versions, she and her sisters, as well as the Meliae, were born of the blood of Uranus when Cronus castrated him.

In modern French (mégère), Portuguese (megera), Modern Greek (μέγαιρα), Italian (megera), Polish (megiera), Russian (мегера), Ukrainian (меґера), Czech (megera) and Swedish (megära), this name denotes a jealous or spiteful woman. She is not to be confused with Megara, the wife of Heracles.

Meliae
In Greek mythology, the Meliae  (also called Meliads) (/ˈmiːli.iː/; Ancient Greek: Μελίαι, romanized: Melíai or Μελιάδες, Meliádes) were usually considered to be the nymphs of the ash tree, whose name they shared.