hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Middle River (Alabama)
The Middle River is a distributary river in Baldwin County, Alabama, which forms part of the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta. It branches off from the Tensaw River at 31°01′16″N 87°57′00″W﻿ / ﻿31.021°N 87.950°W﻿ / 31.021; -87.950. From there it flows southward for approximately 9.5 miles (15.3 km) before rejoining the Tensaw at 30°55′23″N 87°54′47″W﻿ / ﻿30.923°N 87.913°W﻿ / 30.923; -87.913.

Distributary
A distributary, or a distributary channel is a stream channel that branches off and flows away from a main stream channel. It is the opposite of a tributary, a stream that flows towards and into another stream or river. Distributaries are a result of river bifurcation and are often found where a river approaches a lake or an ocean and divides into distributary networks; as such they are a common feature of river deltas. They can also occur inland, on alluvial fans, or where a tributary stream bifurcates as it nears its confluence with a larger stream. In some cases, a minor distributary can divert so much water from the main channel that it can later become the main route.
Ron Masters
Ronald Masters (20 April 1913 – 6 March 1972) was an Australian diver who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.

In 1936 he finished 14th in the 3 metre springboard event and 15th in the 10 metre platform competition. At the 1938 Empire Games he won the gold medal in the high diving contest and the silver medal in the 3 metre springboard event.

Diving at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's 3 metre springboard
The men's 3 metre springboard, also reported as springboard diving, was one of four diving events on the diving at the 1936 Summer Olympics programme.

The competition was split into two sets of dives on separate days:

Compulsory dives (Monday, 10 August)
Divers performed five pre-chosen dives (one from each category) – a running straight somersault forward, standing header backward with pike, running straight isander-half gainer, standing backward spring and forward somersault with pike, and running pike dive with half-screw forward.

Facultative dives (Tuesday, 11 August)
Divers performed five dives of their choice (one from each category and different from the compulsory).

Twenty-four divers from 15 nations competed.
Medal for Bravery (Bronze)
The Medal for Bravery (Bronze) (Chinese: 銅英勇勳章, MBB) is the third Medal for Bravery rank in the honours system of Hong Kong.  It is awarded for exemplary acts of gallantry of a lesser standard then the Medal for Bravery (Silver).  It was created in 1997 to replace the British honours system after the transfer of sovereignty to the People's Republic of China and the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR).

Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom and the British Overseas Territories, personal bravery, achievement, or service are rewarded with honours. The honours system consists of three types of award:

Honours are used to recognise merit in terms of achievement and service;

Decorations tend to be used to recognise specific deeds;

Medals are used to recognise service on a particular operation or in a specific theatre, long or valuable service, and good conduct.

Appointments to the various orders and awards of other honours are usually published in The London Gazette.
William H. Lee House
William H. Lee House, also known as Billy Lee Farm, is a historic home located at Lewiston, Bertie County, North Carolina. It was built about 1820, and is a two-story, three-bay, hall and parlor plan frame Federal style I-house. It has a side gable roof and rests on a brick pier foundation.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.

I-house
The I-house is a vernacular house type, popular in the United States from the colonial period onward. The I-house was so named in the 1930s by Fred Kniffen, a cultural geographer at Louisiana State University who was a specialist in folk architecture. He identified and analyzed the type in his 1936 study of Louisiana house types.

He chose the name "I-house" because the style was commonly built in the rural farm areas of Indiana, Illinois and Iowa, all states beginning with the letter "I". But he was not implying that this house type originated in, or was restricted to, those three states. It is also referred to as Plantation Plain style.
Lanang
Lanang is a federal constituency in Sibu Division (Sibu District), Sarawak, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 1990.

The federal constituency was created in the 1987 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.

Sibu Division
Sibu Division is one of the twelve administrative divisions of Sarawak, Malaysia. It has a total area of 8,278.3 square kilometres, and is the third largest division after Kapit Division and Miri Division.

The population of Sibu Division (year 2000 census) was 257,300.  Ethnically, the population was mostly Iban, Chinese, Malay, and Melanau.

Sibu Division consists of three districts: Sibu, Kanowit, and Selangau.

The economy is largely based on timber extraction from the extensive tropical rainforest. Processed wood products, rather than log export has been given priority by the government. Agriculture is relatively minor, with oil palm and pepper the main products. Tourism, particularly ecotourism, is a growing component of the economy.

The two major rivers in the Sibu Division are the Rajang River and the Igan River.
Binding immunoglobulin protein
Binding immunoglobulin protein (BiPS) also known as 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP-78) or heat shock 70 kDa protein 5 (HSPA5) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSPA5 gene.

BiP is a HSP70 molecular chaperone located in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that binds newly synthesized proteins as they are translocated into the ER, and maintains them in a state competent for subsequent folding and oligomerization. BiP is also an essential component of the translocation machinery and plays a role in retrograde transport across the ER membrane of aberrant proteins destined for degradation by the proteasome. BiP is an abundant protein under all growth conditions, but its synthesis is markedly induced under conditions that lead to the accumulation of unfolded polypeptides in the ER.

Temperature-sensitive mutant
Temperature-sensitive mutations are variants of genes that allow the organism to function normally at low temperatures but alter its function at higher temperatures. Cold-sensitive mutants are variants of genes that allow normal function of the organism at higher temperatures but altered function at low temperatures.
12th Jungle Cazadores Company
The 12th Jungle Cazadores Company (Spanish: Compañía de Cazadores de Monte 12) is a light infantry unit of the Argentine Army (EA) specialized in combat patrol in mountain forest terrain, counterinsurgency, and jungle warfare. This company is part of the 12th Bush Brigade, and is based in Puerto Iguazú, province of Misiones.

Misiones Province
Misiones (Spanish pronunciation: [miˈsjones], Missions) is one of the 23 provinces of Argentina, located in the northeastern corner of the country in the Mesopotamia region. It is surrounded by Paraguay to the northwest, Brazil to the north, east and south, and Corrientes Province of Argentina to the southwest.

This was an early area of Roman Catholic missionary activity by the Jesuits in what was then called the province of Paraguay, beginning in the early 17th century. In 1984, the ruins of four mission sites in Argentina were designated World Heritage Sites by UNESCO.
Gettysburg Spring Railroad
The Gettysburg Spring Railroad (Springs Horse Railway) was a Gettysburg Battlefield tourist conveyance in the Battle of Gettysburg, First Day, area.  The trolley extended from the western terminus on the east side of Herr Ridge at the Gettysburg Springs Hotel eastward to the Gettysburg borough after crossing Willoughby Run, McPherson Ridge, Pitzer Run, Seminary Ridge, Stevens Run (stone bridge), to the slopes of Baltimore Hill where it turned northward at the borough square to end at the Gettysburg Railroad Station. In addition to a stop at the Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, by 1879  the horse railroad had a stop near Pitzer Run at the "Trotting Park" which was replaced after 1904 with a horse track east of Stevens Run at the county fairgrounds (now the Gettysburg Recreation Park).

McPherson Ridge
McPherson Ridge is a landform used for military engagements during the 1863 Battle of Gettysburg, when the I Corps of the Union Army had a headquarters on the ridge and was defeated by the Confederate division of Major General Henry Heth.  The ridge has terrain above ~530 ft (160 m) and is almost entirely a federally protected area except for township portions at the southern end and along Pennsylvania Route 116, including a PennDOT facility.  The northern end is a slight topographic saddle point on the west edge of Oak Ridge, and summit areas above 560 ft (170 m) include 4 on/near the Lincoln Highway, a broader summit south of the Fairfield Road, and the larger plateau at the northern saddle.
Walla! Communications Ltd
Walla! Communications Ltd (Hebrew: וואלה! תקשורת בע"מ) is an Israeli internet company headquartered in Tel Aviv and is fully owned by The Jerusalem Post. Until 2020, it was fully owned by Bezeq. Walla!'s web portal provides news, search (powered by Google Search) and e-mail, among other things. As of January 2022, Alexa rankings put it in the top 9 sites by traffic originating in Israel. Its online news outlet Walla (until March 2024 called Walla!; from April 2015 to February 2021, Walla!NEWS) is one of the major Israeli news websites.

Web traffic
Web traffic is the data sent and received by visitors to a website. Since the mid-1990s, web traffic has been the largest portion of Internet traffic. Sites monitor the incoming and outgoing traffic to see which parts or pages of their site are popular and if there are any apparent trends, such as one specific page being viewed mostly by people in a particular country. There are many ways to monitor this traffic, and the gathered data is used to help structure sites, highlight security problems or indicate a potential lack of bandwidth.

Not all web traffic is welcomed.
Some companies offer advertising schemes that, in return for increased web traffic (visitors), pay for screen space on the site.

Sites also often aim to increase their web traffic through inclusion on search engines and through search engine optimization.
Science tourism
This is a list of notable scientific places to visit worldwide. It covers interests in visiting and exploring scientific landmarks, including museums, laboratories, observatories and universities.

It also includes visits to see events of scientific interest, such as solar eclipses. A laboratory is a workplace and many have ongoing scientific research. They may not be open to the general public, or may only offer occasional special opportunities for public access. Many observatories are open to the public at regular hours, and have tours showcasing their astronomical research.

Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysics, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed.

The term observatoire has been used in French since at least 1976 to denote any institution that compiles and presents data on a particular subject (such as public health observatory) or for a particular geographic area (European Audiovisual Observatory).
Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw
The men's javelin throw event at the 2020 Summer Olympics took place on 4 and 7 August 2021 at the Japan National Stadium. Approximately 35 athletes competed; the exact number depended on how many nations use universality places to enter athletes in addition to the 32 qualifying through distance or ranking (one universality place was used in 2016).

Lassi Etelätalo
Lassi Etelätalo (born 30 April 1988) is a Finnish athlete specialising in the javelin throw. He represented his country at the 2019 World Championships in Doha finishing fourth in the final. In addition, he also finished fourth at the 2014 European Championships in Zürich.

His personal best in the event is 86.44 metres set in Munich in 2022.
Byron Gay
Byron Sturges Gay (August 28, 1886 – December 22, 1945) was an American songwriter. One of his best-known songs "Four or Five Times" (co–written with Marco H. Hellman) has been recorded by numerous artists including King Oliver, Sidney Bechet, Lionel Hampton, Bob Wills, Woody Herman, Benny Goodman, Peggy Lee and more. Byron also worked with the composer Richard A. Whiting, together they wrote such songs as "Horses" and "Fire", both popular dance and comedy songs.

Peggy Lee
Norma Deloris Egstrom (May 26, 1920 – January 21, 2002), known professionally as Peggy Lee, was an American jazz and popular music singer, songwriter, and actress whose career spanned seven decades. From her beginning as a vocalist on local radio to singing with Benny Goodman's big band, Lee created a sophisticated persona, writing music for films, acting, and recording conceptual record albums combining poetry and music. Called the "Queen of American pop music", Lee recorded more than 1,100 masters and co-wrote more than 270 songs. She is best known for her role in the Walt Disney classic Lady and the Tramp, where she voiced Darling, Peg, and the Siamese cats, among others. She received an Academy Award nomination for her role in the 1955 film Pete Kelly's Blues.
Noncentral F-distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the noncentral F-distribution is a continuous  probability distribution that is a noncentral generalization of the (ordinary) F-distribution. It describes the distribution of the quotient (X/n1)/(Y/n2), where the numerator X has a noncentral chi-squared distribution with n1 degrees of freedom and the denominator Y has a central chi-squared distribution with n2 degrees of freedom. It is also required that X and Y are statistically independent of each other.

It is the distribution of the test statistic in analysis of variance problems when the null hypothesis is false.  The noncentral F-distribution is used to find the power function of such a test.

Null hypothesis
The null hypothesis (often denoted ) is the claim in scientific research that the effect being studied does not exist.  The null hypothesis can also be described as the hypothesis in which no relationship exists between two sets of data or variables being analyzed. If the null hypothesis is true, any experimentally observed effect is due to chance alone, hence the term "null". In contrast with the null hypothesis, an alternative hypothesis (often denoted or ) is developed, which claims that a relationship does exist between two variables.
Pirnove rural hromada
Pirnove rural hromada (Ukrainian: Пірнівська селищна громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Vyshhorod Raion, Kyiv Oblast. Its administrative center is the village of Pirnove.

It has an area of 727.1 square kilometres (280.7 mi2) and a population of 6,764, as of 2020.

The hromada contains 10 settlements, which are all villages:

Vyshhorod Raion
Vyshhorod Raion (Ukrainian: Вишгородський район) is a raion (district) in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Vyshhorod. It has a population of 132,136 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Kyiv Oblast was reduced to seven, and the area of Vyshhorod Raion was significantly expanded. Two abolished raions, Ivankiv and Poliske Raions, as well as the cities of Slavutych and Vyshhorod, which were previously incorporated as cities of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion, were merged into Vyshhorod Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 76,347 (2020 est.).
2015 Samarkand Challenger – Singles
Farrukh Dustov who was second seed at the tournament was the defending champion, but lost in the first round to Luke Bambridge.

Teymuraz Gabashvili won the tournament defeating Yuki Bhambri in the final, 6–3, 6–1.

Teymuraz Gabashvili
Teymuraz Besikovich Gabashvili (Russian: Теймураз Бесикович Габашвили, IPA: [tɛɪ̯mʊˈraz ɡəbɐˈʂvʲilʲɪ]; born 23 May 1985) is a Russian-Georgian former professional tennis player. He has a career-high singles ranking of World No. 43 achieved on 1 February 2016. He has reached the fourth round of the 2010 and 2015 French Open.

On 18 November 2021, Gabashvili was banned from competition for 20 months after testing positive for furosemide.
Zdenka Samish
Zdenka Samish (Hebrew: זדנקה סמיש, also spelled Samisch) (March 13, 1904 – March 8, 2008) was a Czech-Israeli food technology researcher. One of the first agricultural researchers in Mandatory Palestine and then Israel, she studied methods for industrial processing of fruits and vegetables, canning, and food infestation. Her research was published in numerous peer-reviewed journals. She was director of the Department of Food Technology at the Agricultural Research Station (Volcani Center) in Rehovot from the early 1950s to 1969.

Agricultural research in Israel
Agricultural research in Israel is based on close cooperation and interaction between scientists, consultants, farmers and agriculture-related industries. Israel's climate ranges from Mediterranean (Csa) to semi-arid and arid. Shortage of irrigation water and inadequate precipitation in some parts of the country are major constraints facing Israeli agriculture. Through extensive greenhouses production, vegetables, fruits and flowers are grown for export to the European markets during the winter off-season.

The Agricultural Experiment Station established in 1921 developed into the Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), widely known as the Volcani Institute. The Faculty of Agriculture of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Tel Aviv University, Bar Ilan University, Ben Gurion University of the Negev and  the Weizmann Institute of Science also engage in agricultural research.
The Sprout Fund
The Sprout Fund is a non-profit organization dedicated to funding various programs designed to increase civic engagement in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Sprout-funded murals were named the "Best Public Art" by the Pittsburgh City Paper in 2006.

The Sprout Fund hosts an annual fundraiser called "Hothouse", a "roving party". Most of that money funds the "Sprout Seed Awards", a series of small to moderate grants.

Pittsburgh City Paper
The Pittsburgh City Paper was Pittsburgh's leading alternative weekly newspaper which focused on local news, opinion, and arts and entertainment. It bought out In Pittsburgh Weekly in 2001. As of April 2015, City Paper was the 14th largest (by circulation) alternative weekly in the United States. It ceased publication on December 31, 2025.
Glasgow Girls
Glasgow Girls can refer to:

Glasgow Girls (artists), a group of female designers and artists associated with the Glasgow School

Glasgow Girls (activists), a group of young women who highlighted the situation of asylum seekers in Glasgow

Glasgow Girls F.C., a women's association football club

Glasgow Girls, a 2014 TV movie by Brian Welsh

Glasgow Women F.C.
Glasgow Girls & Women Football Club, whose first team is branded as Glasgow GWFC, is a Scottish women's association football club based in the East End of Glasgow. They are members of the Scottish Women's Football Championship. They were previously known as Glasgow Girls at senior level before rebranding in 2020.
Hambantota
Hambantota (Sinhala: හම්බන්තොට, Tamil: அம்பாந்தோட்டை) is the main city in Hambantota District, Southern Province, Sri Lanka.

This area was hit hard by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and underwent a number of major development projects including the construction of a new sea port and international airport finished in 2013. These projects and others such as Hambantota Cricket Stadium are said to form part of the government's plan to transform Hambantota into the second major urban hub of Sri Lanka, away from Colombo.

Matara, Sri Lanka
Matara (Sinhala: මාතර, romanized: Māthara; Tamil: மாத்தறை) is a major city in Sri Lanka, on the southern coast of Southern Province. It is the second largest city in Southern Province. It is 160 km (99 mi) from Colombo. It is a major commercial hub, the administrative capital and largest city of Matara District.

Ethnic composition in Matara DS Division according to 2012 census data is Sinhalese 111,039 (95.88%), Muslims 4,296 (3.71%), Tamils 326 (0.28%), Others 144 (0.12%).
Napoletana goat
The Napoletana is an Italian breed of domestic goat from the area south of Naples, in Campania in southern Italy. It is raised on the slopes of Vesuvius, on the slopes of the Monti Lattari, and in the Agro Nocerino Sarnese which lies between them.: 375  The origin of the breed is unknown. It may derive from goats of African origin imported to the area in the early years of the twentieth century; the alternative name Torca Nera, "black Turkish goat", suggests an origin in the Mediterranean basin.: 375

The Napoletana is one of the forty-three autochthonous Italian goat breeds of limited distribution for which a herdbook is kept by the Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia, the Italian national association of sheep- and goat-breeders;: 103  the herdbook was established in 2002. The Napoletana was in the past numerous. By the early 1980s the population had fallen substantially, to 2000–3000.: 376  At the end of 2013 the registered population was reported as 71.

Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia
The Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia, or roughly "national association of pastoralists", is the Italian national body responsible for the administration of sheep- and goat-breeding. It maintains the herd books for more than a hundred indigenous breeds of sheep and goats. It records breed numbers and submits them twice yearly to DAD-IS, and keeps records for all breeders of sheep and goats in the country.
Dhammika Niroshana
Hinidumage Dhammika Niroshana (22 February 1983 – 16 July 2024) was a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his debut for the Sri Lanka Under 19s against Singapore in 2000. He continued playing Under 19 Test and ODI cricket for two years (captaining the side on ten occasions, but winning only one match) before making his senior First-class debut; for the Sri Lanka Schools XI. He went on to appear in domestic Sri Lankan cricket for Chilaw Marians Cricket Club and Galle Cricket Club. He was an old boy of Sri Devananda College, Ambalangoda.

Niroshana played as a bowler, with a healthy bowling average of under 30 in First-class, List A and both Under 19 forms of the game.

Niroshana was murdered on 16 July 2024, when he was shot dead in front of his home in Kandewatte, Ambalangoda. He was 41.

Ambalangoda
Ambalangoda is a coastal town located in Galle District, Southern Province of Sri Lanka, famous for its ancient demon masks and devil dancers.

The town is distinct from the Ambalangoda Urban Council area. The boundaries of Ambalangoda town differ from those of the Ambalangoda Urban Council which governs a much larger area containing 9 villages, 8 Grama Niladhari Divisions (GN)and 12 electoral wards.

Situated approximately 87 kilometres (54 mi) south of Colombo, it sits on an elevation of 13 metres (43 ft) above the sea level.