hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kotluban
Kotluban (Russian: Котлубань) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Kotlubanskoye Rural Settlement, Gorodishchensky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 2,103 as of 2010. There are 40 streets.

Gorodishchensky District, Volgograd Oblast
Gorodishchensky District (Russian: Городи́щенский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-three in Volgograd Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Gorodishchensky Municipal District. It is located in the southern central part of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,450 square kilometers (950 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Gorodishche. Population: 60,188 (2010 Census); 57,308 (2002 Census); 45,982 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Gorodishche accounts for 35.5% of the district's total population.
Busy signal
A busy signal (or busy tone or engaged tone) in telephony is an audible call-progress tone or audible signal to the calling party that indicates failure to complete the requested connection of that particular telephone call.

The busy signal has become less common in the past few decades due to the prevalence of call waiting and voicemail.

Call waiting
Call waiting is a telephone service where a subscriber can accept a second incoming telephone call by placing an in-progress call on hold, and may also switch between calls. With some providers it can be combined with additional features such as conferencing, call forwarding, and caller ID. Call waiting is intended to alleviate the need to have more than one telephone line or number for voice communications.

When a second call arrives, the subscriber is notified with a beep or tone. The user may then either switch to the new call or continue the existing conversation. The service is commonly used in both personal and business contexts, allowing individuals to manage multiple calls without a second phone line, and enabling small businesses to handle client calls without advanced call management systems.
Séamus Hughes
Séamus F. Hughes (1 September 1952 – 12 July 2022) was an Irish District Court judge and Fianna Fáil politician.

He was from Westport, County Mayo. Hughes was a solicitor, when he was elected to the 27th Dáil as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Mayo West constituency on his first attempt at the 1992 general election. He lost his seat at the 1997 general election when the constituency was combined with Mayo East and the combined Mayo constituency was reduced to 5 seats. Hughes was then appointed State Solicitor for County Mayo.

Hughes was a District Court judge from 2009 to 2022, sitting initially in District Court area Number One in County Donegal and thereafter District Court area Number Nine covering Athlone, Mullingar and Longford. He attracted criticism over comments on the ethnic backgrounds of those before him in court, having described some as "neanderthals" and commented on social welfare being like "snuff at a wake".

Mayo (Dáil constituency)
Mayo is a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas (the Irish parliament). The constituency elects five deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV). It includes the entirety of County Mayo.
I, Q (book series)
I, Q is a series of young adult fiction mystery books. The first three are written by Roland Smith and the rest are co-written by Smith and Michael P. Spradlin. They concern a thirteen-year-old boy named "Quest" – whose nickname is "Q" – and whose parents are well-known rock musicians.  He and his stepsister Angela get involved with the U.S. Secret Service and the Israeli Mossad and are protected by Tyrone Boone and his group SOS (save our souls).

United States Secret Service
The United States Secret Service (USSS or Secret Service) is a federal law enforcement agency under the United States Department of Homeland Security. It is tasked with conducting criminal investigations and providing protection to American political leaders, their families, and visiting heads of state or government.

The Secret Service was, until 2003, part of the United States Department of the Treasury, due to their initial mandate of combating counterfeiting of United States currency. The agency has protected United States presidents and presidential candidates since 1901.
Zhao Lingzhi
Zhao Lingzhi (simplified Chinese: 赵令畤; traditional Chinese: 趙令畤; 1064–1134), courtesy name Zhao Jingkuang 趙景貺 or Zhao Delin 趙德麟, style Liaofuweng 聊複翁 or Cangliu jushi 藏六居士, was a Chinese poet and politician of the Northern Song dynasty. Zhao Lingzhi was a descendant of Zhao Dezhao 趙德昭, the Prince of Yan (燕懿王), and second son of Emperor Taizu (r. 960-975), the founder of the Song dynasty. He was one of Su Shi's close friends.

He is known for his Houqing lu (侯鯖錄/侯鲭录), a biji ("brush notes" style book)  in 8 juan. The Hanyu da zidian, for example, makes use of it in the edition of the Zhibuzuzhai congshu 知不足斋丛书.

Biji (Chinese literature)
Biji (traditional Chinese: 筆記; simplified Chinese: 笔记; pinyin: bǐjì) is a special literary genre in classical Chinese literature. Literally, it means 'notebook' or 'written notes'. There is no strict writing mode for biji, it is a literary form mainly based on recording personal insights, experiences, miscellaneous sensations, and trifles, and it is known for its characteristics of scattered notes and trivial records. A book of biji can contain stories, anecdotes, quotations, random musings, philological speculations, literary criticism and indeed everything that the author deems worth recording.
2015 World Archery Championships – Women's team compound
The women's team compound competition at the 2015 World Archery Championships took place from 26 July to 1 August in Copenhagen, Denmark.

27 countries entered the full quota of three archers into the qualification round, thus becoming eligible for the team competition. The combined totals of the three archers from each country in the qualification round were added together, and the 16 teams with the highest combined scores competed in the elimination rounds.

Compound bow
In modern archery, a compound bow is a bow that uses a levering system, usually of cables and pulleys, to bend the limbs. The compound bow was first developed in 1966 by Holless Wilbur Allen in North Kansas City, Missouri, and a US patent was granted in 1969. Compound bows are widely used in target practice and hunting.

Compound bows are typically constructed of man-made materials such as fiberglass and carbon fiber, while traditional bows and warbows usually are entirely or partially made of wood or bamboo.

The pulley/cam system grants the user a mechanical advantage, and so the limbs of a compound bow are much stiffer than those of a recurve bow or longbow. This rigidity makes the compound bow more energy-efficient than traditional bows, as less energy is dissipated in limb movement. The higher-rigidity, more advanced construction also improves accuracy by reducing the bow's sensitivity to changes in temperature and humidity.
2016 "GDD CUP" International Challenger Guangzhou – Doubles
Daniel Muñoz de la Nava and Aleksandr Nedovyesov were the defending champions but they decided not to compete this year.

Alexander Kudryavtsev and Denys Molchanov won the title after defeating Sanchai and Sonchat Ratiwatana 6–2, 6–2 in the final.

Alexander Kudryavtsev
Alexander Mikhailovich Kudryavtsev (Russian: Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Кудря́вцев; born 26 October 1985) is a retired Russian professional tennis player who has played professionally since 2003. He made his breakthrough in 2008, playing in his first top-level international tournaments on the ATP tour, having spent time playing at the ATP Challenger Tour and Futures events. He reached his career-high singles ranking of 117 on 2 February 2015 and career-high doubles ranking of 70 on 7 November 2011.
Australian Eight Ball Federation
The Australian Eight Ball Federation (or Eight Ball Federation Incorporated), formed in 1983 is the governing body in Australia for the sport of eight-ball pool, a cue sport also standardised under the name blackball, and distinct from the American-style game of eight-ball, itself subject to international competition.

Australia became a founding member in 1992 of the World Eightball Pool Federation.

The federation holds annual championships for team and individual for men's and ladies representation for Australia at the annual world championships.

Eight-ball pool (British variation)
The English-originating version of eight-ball pool, also known as English pool, English eight-ball, blackball, or simply reds and yellows, is a pool game played with sixteen balls (a cue ball and fifteen usually unnumbered object balls) on a small pool table with six pockets. It originated in the United Kingdom and is played in the Commonwealth countries such as Australia and South Africa. In the UK and Ireland it is usually called simply "pool".

The English version of eight-ball has two main sets of playing rules used in professional play; those of the World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA), known as "blackball rules", and the "International Rules" adopted by the International Eightball Pool Federation (IEPF, formerly known as the World Eightball Pool Federation (WEPF) prior to 2004).
Ullam (2012 film)
Ullam (transl. Heart) is a 2012 Indian Tamil-language film directed by Arunmoorthy and produced by Vedha, starring Mithun and Priyamani, while Raghuvaran and Karunas amongst others in supporting roles.

The film has a music score composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja. The film after production delays failed to gain a theatrical release and was released straight to DVD in 2012.

Karunas
Karunas (born as Karunanidhi Sethu; February 21, 1970) is an Indian actor, comedian, composer, playback singer and politician in the Tamil film industry. Appearing mostly in supporting roles, he has also played main lead roles in films including Dindigul Sarathy (2008) and Ambasamudram Ambani (2008). Apart from acting, Karunas has also been credited in films as a producer, music composer and singer, while he continues to serve as the Vice-President of the Nadigar Sangam, a trade union for actors, after being elected in October 2015.
John Tebbutt
John Tebbutt (25 May 1834 – 29 November 1916) was an Australian astronomer and meteorologist, famous for discovering the Great Comets of 1861 and 1881.

Tebbutt also discovered Nova Scorpii 1862, a nova visible to the unaided eye.

Great comet
A great comet is a comet that becomes exceptionally bright, and easily observable to the naked eye. There is no official definition; often the term is attached to comets such as Halley's Comet, which during certain appearances are bright enough to be noticed by casual observers who are not looking for them, and become well known outside the astronomical community. Typically, they are as bright or brighter than a second magnitude star and have tails that are 10 degrees or longer under dark skies. Great comets appear at irregular, unpredictable intervals, on average about once per decade. Although comets are officially named after their discoverers, great comets are sometimes also referred to by the year in which they appeared great, using the formulation "The Great Comet of ...", followed by the year. It can also be used as a generic name when a very bright comet is discovered by many observers simultaneously.
Stigmella nakamurai
Stigmella nakamurai is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is only known from Hokkaido in Japan.

Adults are on wing in August. There is probably one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Ulmus davidiana var. japonica. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Ulmus davidiana var. japonica
Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, the Japanese elm, is one of the larger and more graceful Asiatic elms, endemic to much of continental northeast Asia and Japan, where it grows in swamp forest on young alluvial soils, although much of this habitat has now been lost to intensive rice cultivation.
1973 Dundee East by-election
The 1973 Dundee East by-election, in Scotland, was held on 1 March 1973. It was one of three UK parliamentary by-elections held on that day. It was caused by the appointment of George Thomson as a European commissioner. George Machin retained the seat for Labour, but only narrowly. There was a strong showing by the Scottish National Party, which prefigured their serious breakthrough at the Govan by-election later in the year, and the two general elections of 1974.

George Thomson, Baron Thomson of Monifieth
George Morgan Thomson, Baron Thomson of Monifieth, KT, PC, DL, FRSE (16 January 1921 – 3 October 2008) was a British politician and journalist who served as a Labour MP. He was a member of Harold Wilson's cabinet, and later became a European Commissioner.

In the 1980s, he joined the Social Democratic Party. Following the SDP's merger with the Liberal Party, he became a Liberal Democrat and sat as a Liberal Democrat member of the House of Lords.
George C. Eads
George C. Eads (born August 20, 1942) is an American economist. He served on the Council of Economic Advisers from 1979 to 1981. He later served as vice president of CRA International.

A native of Clarksville, Texas, Eads earned a degree in economics from University of Colorado Boulder, before continuing his postgraduate studies at Yale University.

CRA International
CRA International, Inc. (doing business as Charles River Associates) is a global consulting firm headquartered in Boston. The firm provides expert testimony and litigation support, strategic advice, and analysis to law firms, corporations, accounting firms, and governments.
145th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 145th Infantry Brigade was a regional brigade of the British Army that saw active service in both the First and the Second World Wars, disbanding in 1943 and being reformed in the 1990s. The Brigade was renamed Headquarters 11th Infantry Brigade and Headquarters South East in October 2014.

Brigadier (United Kingdom)
Brigadier (Brig) is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines. Brigadier is the superior rank to colonel and subordinate to major-general. It corresponds to the rank of brigadier general in many other nations, although it is not considered to be a general officer rank in the United Kingdom.

The rank has a NATO rank code of OF-6, placing it equivalent to the Royal Navy commodore and the Royal Air Force air commodore ranks and the brigadier general (1-star general) rank of the United States military and numerous other NATO nations.
Gabrska Gora, Litija
Gabrska Gora (pronounced [ˈɡaːbəɾska ˈɡɔːɾa]) is a settlement south of Gabrovka in the Municipality of Litija in central Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Sava Statistical Region; until January 2014 the municipality was part of the Central Slovenia Statistical Region. It includes the hamlets of Gora, Stari Boršt, Gabrje, and Turn (German: Gallenstein).

Municipality of Litija
The Municipality of Litija (pronounced [liˈtiːja] ⓘ; Slovene: Občina Litija) is a municipality in central Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Litija. The area is part of the traditional Upper and Lower Carniola regions. The entire municipality is now included in the Central Sava Statistical Region; until 2015 it was part of the Central Slovenia Statistical Region. The population of the municipality is just over 15,000.
Grodno Castle (Poland)
Grodno Castle (German: Kynsburg) is a castle located in the southern parts of the Wałbrzych Mountains, on the Choina Mountain (450 metres), standing to the left of the river Bystrzyca. The valley of this river, formerly known as the Silesian Valley (Śląska Dolina, Polish), creates a natural boundary between the Owl Mountains and to the west of it the Wałbrzych Mountains. The castle is located in Zagórze Śląskie (11 km east of Wałbrzych), Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland.

The picturesque location of the castle is exacerbated by the barraged Lubachowskie Lake in the foothills of the mountain.

Barrage (dam)
A barrage is a type of low-head, diversion dam which consists of a number of large gates that can be opened or closed to control the amount of water passing through. This allows the structure to regulate and stabilize river water elevation upstream for use in irrigation and other systems. The gates are set between flanking piers which are responsible for supporting the water load of the pool created.

The term barrage is borrowed from the French word "barrer" meaning "to bar".
Todd Fork
Todd Fork is a stream in Clinton and Warren counties, Ohio, in the United States. It is a tributary of the Little Miami River.

Todd Fork was likely named in the 18th century for the Todd family of pioneer settlers. A variant name is "Todds Fork".

It is spanned by the Martinsville Road Covered Bridge, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Warren County, Ohio
Warren County is a county located in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 242,337. Its county seat is Lebanon and largest city is Mason. The county is one of Ohio's most affluent, with the highest median income of the state's 88 counties. The county was established on May 1, 1803, from Hamilton County; it is named for Dr. Joseph Warren, a hero of the Revolution who sent Paul Revere and the overlooked William Dawes on their famous rides and who died at the Battle of Bunker Hill. Warren County is part of the Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Todd Smola
Todd M. Smola (born c. 1977) is a Republican member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives Smola represents the 1st Hampden District, serving the towns of Brimfield, Holland, Palmer, Sturbridge, Wales, Ware, and Warren.

Sturbridge, Massachusetts
Sturbridge is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. It is home to Old Sturbridge Village living history museum and other sites of historical interest such as Tantiusques.

The population was 9,867 at the 2020 census, with more than 3,600 households. For geographic and demographic information on specific parts of the town of Sturbridge, see: Fiskdale and Sturbridge (CDP).
Modern Day Cowboy
"Modern Day Cowboy" is the debut single by American rock band Tesla, from the band's debut studio album, Mechanical Resonance. The song's lyrics make references to criminals such as Billy the Kid and Al Capone, until the final verse, which references Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union.

Mechanical Resonance (album)
Mechanical Resonance is the debut studio album by the American hard rock band Tesla. It was released on December 8, 1986, by Geffen Records. The album peaked at No. 32 on the Billboard 200 on April 3, 1987, and was certified platinum by the RIAA on October 5, 1989.
Mangalore University
Mangalore University (abbreviated as MU) is a public university located in Konaje, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India. In 2021, the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) awarded the university a ‘B’ grade.

As on 2024, Prof. P L Dharma took charge of the university as Vice Chancellor.

National Assessment and Accreditation Council
The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) is a public autonomous body of the government of India that assesses and accredits higher education institutions (HEIs) in India. It is funded by the University Grants Commission and headquartered in Bengaluru.
Riḍwan
Riḍwān (or Rızvan , Arabic: رضوان), is an angel in Islam, who guards the gates of the garden. The name Riḍwān likely derives from a late personifying exegetical reading of the common Quran’ic term “riḍwān” meaning “favor/goodwill”; which is used when speaking about the garden in Qur’an 3:15 “riḍwānun minna Allah” meaning “favor from God”. The first extant mentions of his name being that of the angel still named Ismāʿīl by Ibn Hisham are found in 10th-century reports. From thereon this name has been a common feature of stories, reports, and exegesis particularly Mi'raj narrations. Ridwan also plays an important role as the guardian of heaven in the Qisas Al-Anbiya, here he must prevent Iblis from entering the keep of Adam, but was tricked by a serpent, who concealed Iblis in his mouth, carrying him past the guardian.

Ibn Hisham
Abu Muhammad Abd al-Malik ibn Hisham ibn Ayyub al-Himyari (Arabic: أَبُو مُحَمَّدٌ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ هِشَامٍ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ, romanized: Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Hishām ibn Ayyūb al-Ḥimyarī; died 7 May 833), known simply as Ibn Hisham, was a 9th-century Abbasid historian and scholar. He grew up in Basra, in modern-day Iraq and later moved to Egypt.
WDAI
WDAI (98.5 FM, "98.5 Kiss FM") is a mainstream urban radio station licensed to Pawleys Island, South Carolina, and serves the Grand Strand area. The Cumulus Media outlet is licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to broadcast with an effective radiated power (ERP) of 6,100 watts.  Its studios are located on U.S. Highway 17 in Murrells Inlet, South Carolina, and its transmitter is located a mile west of the studios.

Grand Strand
The Grand Strand is an arc of beach land on the Atlantic Ocean in South Carolina, United States, extending more than 60 miles (97 km) from Little River to Winyah Bay. It is located in Horry and Georgetown Counties on the northeastern South Carolina coast.

The term Grand Strand dates back to a November 19, 1949 The Myrtle Beach Sun column, "From the Grandstrand" and another titled "From the Grand Strand" on December 3, 1949, in The Myrtle Beach News.

The area has become a major tourist attraction along the Southeastern coast, attracting 20.6 million visitors in 2019. The area, whose primary city is Myrtle Beach, is home to numerous hotels, golf resorts, and recreational centers, making it popular with families and college students during the summers and winters.
Eric Sakwa
Eric Joseph Sakwa is a Ugandan politician and former Resident District Commissioner of Jinja District. He was the assistant youths leader of Uganda People's Congress in 2005, before joining National Resistance Movement in 2010. He was born in 1982.

Uganda People's Congress
The Uganda People's Congress (UPC; Swahili: Congress ya Watu wa Uganda) is a political party in Uganda.

UPC was founded in 1960 by Milton Obote, who led the country to independence alongside UPC member of parliament A.G. Mehta. Obote later served two presidential terms under the party's banner. Obote was still the party head when he died in October 2005, although he had previously announced his intention to step down.

The party won nine out of 289 elected seats in the 2006 general election. In the presidential election of the same date, UPC candidate Miria Obote, the former first lady, won 0.8 percent of the vote.

On 14 May 2010, the party elected Olara Otunnu, a former United Nations undersecretary-general for children and armed conflict, to lead the party. He replaced Obote's widow Miria.