hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative storytelling
Quantitative storytelling (QST) is a systematic approach to exploring the many frames potentially legitimate in a scientific study or controversy. QST assumes that, in an interconnected society, multiple frameworks and worldviews are legitimately upheld by different entities and social actors. QST looks critically at models used in evidence-based policy. Such models are often reductionist in that tractability (i.e. the possibility of proceeding towards a solution to a given problem) is achieved at the expense of suppressing available evidence. QST suggests corrective approaches to this practice.

Scientific controversy
Sustained scientific controversy, sometimes scientific debate is any substantial disagreement among scientists. A scientific controversy may involve issues such as the interpretation of data, which ideas are most supported by evidence, and/or which ideas are most worth pursuing.

Controversies between scientific and non-scientific ideas are not within the realm of science and are not true scientific controversies. A genuine scientific controversy entails an ongoing discussion within the wider scientific community. Well known examples include the debate over the existence of the atom that lasted until the turn of the 20th century, the Bohr–Einstein debates, the linguistics wars, and the debate over the causes of ADHD.
The Life of Man
The Life of Man (Russian: Жизнь человека, romanized: Zhizn cheloveka) is a five-act symbolist drama by Leonid Andreyev. Written in September 1906, it premiered on 22 February 1907 at the Komissarzhevskaya Theatre, directed by Vsevolod Meyerkhold. On 12 December 1907 it was performed for the first time at the Moscow Art Theatre, directed by Konstantin Stanislavski and Leopold Sulerzhitsky.

An allegorical play, stylized to some extent after Maeterlinck's "static" plays, it is recognized now as a dramatic summary of several important short stories and novellas by Andreyev of the 1903–1906 period ("The Wall", "The Thought", "The Life of Vasily Fiveysky"), focusing, through a set of abstract and schematic characters and scenes, upon the meaning of human life, or rather the tragic lack of it, epitomized by the mysterious Someone in Grey, the symbol of both disinterested God and desperate human mind.

Leopold Sulerzhitsky
Leopold Antonovich Sulerzhitsky (Russian: Леопольд Антонович Сулержицкий; 27 September 1872 – 30 December 1916) was a Russian theatre director, painter and pedagogue of Polish descent. He is associated with the Moscow Art Theatre and the household of Leo Tolstoy. Among his many students were Yevgeny Vakhtangov and Michael Chekhov.
Irvin Rock
Irvin Rock (1922–1995) was an American experimental psychologist who studied visual perception at the University of California at Berkeley.  He wrote a book, titled The Logic of Perception, and was regarded as an excellent perception psychologist.  Rock is notable in the field of psychology for his 1957 experiment where he tilted a square to make it look like a diamond and then tilted his test subjects and asked them what shape they saw.  The experiment tested Rock's hypothesis that perceptual phenomena could be explained by higher-level mental processes instead of merely by automatic processes.  When his test subjects continued to perceive the shape as a diamond after being tilted to view the shape as a square, Rock concluded that perception is an intelligent, higher-level mental process. This differed from previous conclusions by Gestalt psychologists that perception was not a higher-level process. Rock later wrote another important book on the field of inattentional blindness.

Gestalt psychology
Gestalt psychology, gestaltism, or configurationism  is a school of psychology and a theory of perception that emphasizes the processing of entire patterns and configurations, and not merely individual components. It emerged in the early twentieth century in Germany and Austria as a rejection of basic principles of Wilhelm Wundt's and Edward Titchener's elementalist and structuralist psychology.

Gestalt psychology is often associated with the adage, "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts". In Gestalt theory, information is perceived as wholes rather than disparate parts which are then processed summatively. As used in Gestalt psychology, the German word Gestalt (/ɡəˈʃtælt, -ˈʃtɑːlt/ gə-SHTA(H)LT, German: [ɡəˈʃtalt] ⓘ; meaning "form") is interpreted as "pattern" or "configuration".

It differs from Gestalt therapy, which is only peripherally linked to Gestalt psychology.
Tridrepana unispina
Tridrepana unispina is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It is found in China (Fujian, Guangdong, Chongqing, Sichuan, Yunnan), Japan and Taiwan.

The wingspan is 27–42 mm. Adults are on wing in June.

The larvae feed on the leaves of Castanopsis formosana.

Drepanidae
The Drepanidae are a family of moths with about 660 species described worldwide. They are generally divided in three subfamilies, which share the same type of hearing organ. Thyatirinae, previously often placed in their own family, bear a superficial resemblance to Noctuidae. Many species in the drepanid family have a distinctively hook-shaped apex to the fore wing, leading to their common name of hook-tips.

The larvae of many species are very distinctive, tapering to a point at the tail and usually resting with both head and tail raised. They usually feed on the leaves of trees and shrubs, pupating between leaves spun together with silk.
Tennis at the 2015 Summer Universiade – Men's doubles
The men's doubles tennis event at the 2015 Summer Universiade was held from July 5 to 11 at the Jawol International Tennis Court in Gwangju, South Korea.

Joe Salisbury and Darren Walsh of Great Britain won the gold medal, defeating Chung Hyeon and Nam Ji-sung of South Korea in the final, 2–6, 6–3, [10–8]

Lee Hsin-han and Peng Hsien-yin of Chinese Taipei and Shintaro Imai and Kaito Uesugi of Japan won the bronze medals.

Chinese Taipei at the 2015 Summer Universiade
Chinese Taipei participated at the 2015 Summer Universiade, in Gwangju, South Korea.

Taipei being the host city of the 2017 Summer Universiade, a Taiwanese segment was performed at the closing ceremony.
Birgitta Johansson
Birgitta Johansson (born 4 July 1943) is a Swedish orienteering competitor. She won a silver medal in the relay event at the 1972 World Orienteering Championships in Jičín, together with Ulla Lindkvist and Birgitta Larsson, and finished eighth in the individual event.

Orienteering
Orienteering is a group of sports in which participants use a map and compass to navigate from point to point in unfamiliar terrain as quickly as possible.

The sport originated from military land-navigation training in the late 19th century. It has since evolved into several competitive forms where participants race against the clock and other competitors while navigating through checkpoints. Variants include automobile, underwater, mountain bike, ski, and trail orienteering. The most common form is foot orienteering, also known as FootO.

In formal foot-orienteering competitions, participants are given a specially prepared orienteering map, usually topographical, which they use to locate control points.

Orienteering is part of the World Games and the World Police and Fire Games.
HSwMS Sjöhunden
Two warships of Sweden have been named Sjöhunden, after Sjöhunden:

HSwMS Sjöhunden (1938), a Sjölejonet-class submarine launched in 1938 and stricken in 1960.

HSwMS Sjöhunden (1968), a Sjöormen-class submarine launched in 1968 and sold to Singapore in 1997.

Sjölejonet-class submarine
The Sjölejonet class was a series of nine coastal patrol submarines operated by the Swedish Navy during World War II and early Cold War. The boats were developed as part of a Navy modernization program intended to counteract Germany during the late 1930s. The boats were the first indigenous Swedish design, and incorporated unique weapons. During World War II, the boats conducted patrols along the coast to maintain Swedish neutrality. By the start of the Cold War, the vessels were retrofitted before being withdrawn from service by the early 1960s and being replaced by the Sjöormen class.
USS Relief (YP-2)
The third USS Relief (YP-2) was a lookout station tender that served in the United States Navy from 1917 to 1921.

Relief was a wooden private motorboat built during 1910 at Yarmouth, Maine. Ensign Walter G. Richardson purchased her for the U.S. Navy for World War I service on 13 June 1917 with funds furnished by the Bar Harbor War Relief Committee of Bar Harbor, Maine, for use as a tender to the lookout station at Crumple Island, Maine. In 1920 she was designated YP-2.

Relief was sold on 4 June 1921 to Gus Potter of Yonkers, New York, remaining on mercantile registers until 1946 when she was transferred to exempt status as a yacht.

Ship's tender
A ship's tender, usually referred to as a tender, is a boat or ship used to service or support other boats or ships. This is generally done by transporting people or supplies to and from shore or another ship.

A second and different meaning for "tender" is small boats carried by larger vessels, to be used either as lifeboats, or as transport to shore, or both.
Sosnówko
Sosnówko (Polish pronunciation: [sɔsˈnufkɔ]; formerly German: Neu Zozenow) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Resko, within Łobez County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) east of Resko, 19 km (12 mi) north of Łobez, and 74 km (46 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Łobez
Łobez [ˈwɔbɛs] ⓘ (Kashubian: Łobéz; German: Labes) is a town on the river Rega in northwestern Poland, within the West Pomeranian Voivodeship. It is the capital of Łobez County, and has a population of 10,066 (2019).
Marano Ticino
Marano Ticino is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Novara in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northeast of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Novara.

Marano Ticino borders the following municipalities: Divignano, Mezzomerico, Oleggio, Pombia, and Vizzola Ticino.

Vizzola Ticino
Vizzola Ticino is a village and comune of the province of Varese in Lombardy, Italy. It is on the banks of the Ticino River, immediately to the west of Strada Provinciale 52 on the western perimeter of Malpensa Airport.

In the late 19th century, the town was the site of one of the largest electrical generating facilities in Europe, powered by a canal run from the Ticino. The Caproni aircraft company had a manufacturing facility here and the Gianni Caproni Museum of Aeronautics was situated here from the 1960s to the 1980s.
History of the Jacksonville Jaguars
The history of the Jacksonville Jaguars, an American football team in the National Football League (NFL), formally dates to November 30, 1993, when the NFL awarded Jacksonville, Florida the expansion franchise that became the Jacksonville Jaguars. The Jaguars, along with the Carolina Panthers, started play in the 1995 NFL season as expansion teams.

Jimmy Smith (wide receiver)
Jimmy Lee Smith Jr. (born February 9, 1969) is an American former professional football who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys and Jacksonville Jaguars. He played college football for the Jackson State Tigers. With the Cowboys, he won two consecutive Super Bowls over the Buffalo Bills.
Panhala
Panhala (Pronunciation: [pənʱaːɭa]) is a city and a Hill station Municipal Council (3177 feet above sea level) 18 km northwest of Kolhapur, in Kolhapur district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Panhala is the smallest city in Maharashtra and being a Municipal Council the city is developing rapidly. The city sprawls in the Panhala fort commands a panoramic view of the valley below. The main historical attraction here is the Panhala fort. There are many places of interest, each with its share of haunting anecdotes.

Sangli railway station
Sangli railway station is a major railway station serving the city of Sangli in Maharashtra, India. It is classified as a Class A station within the Pune Railway Division of the Central Railway Zone under Indian Railways.
Shimōsa Plateau
The Shimōsa Plateau (下総台地, Shimōsa-daichi) is a plateau on the Kantō Plain in central Honshu, Japan. The plateau covers most of northern Chiba Prefecture. The plateau was historically richly agricultural, but in the 20th century the western and central Shimōsa Plateau became one of the major industrial areas of Japan, as well as a large-scale bedroom community of the Tokyo Metropolitan Region. Narita International Airport is located in the center of the Shimōsa Plateau.

Tone River
The Tone River (利根川, Tone-gawa; Japanese pronunciation: [to.ne.ɡa.wa, -ŋa.wa], locally [to.neꜜ.ɡa.wa, -ŋa.wa]) is a river in the Kantō region of Japan. It is 322 kilometers (200 mi) in length (the second longest in Japan after the Shinano River) and has a drainage area of 16,840 square kilometers (6,500 sq mi) (the largest in Japan). It is nicknamed Bandō Tarō (坂東太郎); Bandō is an obsolete alias of the Kantō Region, and Tarō is a popular given name for an oldest son. It is regarded as one of the "Three Greatest Rivers" of Japan, the others being the Shinano River in northeastern Honshu and the Ishikari River in Hokkaido.
Madha
Madha (Arabic: مَدْحَاء, romanized: madḥāʾ) is a wilayah in northern Oman, and is an exclave of the Musandam Governorate, enclaved by the United Arab Emirates (UAE); inside it, there is a second-order enclave: Nahwa, which is part of the UAE Emirate of Sharjah. Madha is located halfway between the Musandam Peninsula and the rest of Oman.

The exclave is on the Fujairah–Khor Fakkan road, which is mostly in the Emirate of Sharjah, and covers approximately 93.34 km2 (36.04 sq mi). There are two exits to Madha on the Fujairah–Khorfakkan road. This territory is the only territory between UAE and Oman which is not lined with any barrier and there is no border crossing between Madha, Nahwa, or the UAE.

Wilayah
A wilayah (Arabic: وَلاية, romanized: walāya or wilāya, plural wilāyat, wilayat; Urdu, Pashto and Persian: ولایت, romanized: velâyat, welāyat; Turkish: vilayet) is an administrative division, usually translated as "state", "province" or occasionally as "governorate". The word comes from the Arabic root "w-l-y", "to govern": a wāli—"governor"—governs a wālāya (or wilāya), "that which is governed". Under the Caliphate, the term referred to any constituent near-sovereign state.
Would You Buy a Used War from This Man?
Would You Buy A Used War From This Man? A Collection of Political Humor From National Lampoon is a 1972 American humor book, a paperback anthology of pieces of political humor from National Lampoon magazine.

The "This Man" in the title was Richard Nixon, who was the President of the United States from 1969 to 1974, and the "War" in the title was the Vietnam War, which lasted from 1955 to 1975. The title referred to a poster in the 1960 presidential campaign that showed a grinning Nixon with the caption "Would YOU buy a used car from this man?"

The cartoonist Ed Sorel drew the cover illustration, which shows Nixon as a used car salesman leaning on a pile of blood-stained army uniforms, with a sign in the background with lettering that says "TRICKY DICKY" and "USED CARNAGE". The book was published by Warner-Paperback Library.

Automobile salesperson
An automobile salesperson is a retail salesperson who sells new or used cars. Unlike traditional retail sales, car sales are sometimes negotiable. Salesmen are employed by new car dealerships or used car dealerships.
Mickey Kojak
Michael Dable (born 20 September 1994), known professionally as Mickey Kojak, is an Australian musician, singer, songwriter and producer from Sydney, New South Wales. Mickey supported Bag Raiders on their 2019 Horizons tour. Mickey received full rotation on radio for songs "Get Out" and "All That Acid". His debut studio album Ultra is scheduled for release in 2022.

Bag Raiders
Bag Raiders are an Australian electronic music duo founded in 2006 by Jack Glass and Chris Stracey. They play keyboards, drums, and act as vocalists, producers, and remixers, with Stracey additionally playing guitar, violin and piano. They also write and produce other artists' work. In 2009, they were rated at number 11 on the Inthemix poll of Australia's top 50 DJs.

In October 2010, they released their self-titled debut album, which peaked at number 7 on the ARIA Albums Chart and received a J Award album of the year nomination. The album's song "Shooting Stars" renewed the band's popularity seven years after its release, when it began being used as part of a popular Internet meme.
Dharampreet
Dharampreet (Punjabi: ਧਰਮਪ੍ਰੀਤ) was a well-known Punjabi singer from Punjab, India, known as the "King of Punjabi Sad Songs". He started his career in 1993 with a solo album, Khatra ha Sohneya Nu. In all, he released 12 solo albums and 6 albums of duets. He committed suicide on June 8, 2015, at his residence in Bathinda.

Bathinda
Bathinda is a city and municipal corporation in Punjab, India. The city is the administrative headquarters of Bathinda district. It is located in northwestern India in the Malwa Region, 227 km (141 mi) west of the capital city of Chandigarh and is the fifth largest city of Punjab. It is the second cleanest city in Punjab after Mohali.

Bathinda is home to the Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Central University of Punjab and AIIMS Bathinda. The city is also home to two modern thermal power plants, Guru Nanak Dev Thermal Plant and Guru Hargobind Thermal Plant at Lehra Mohabbat. Also located in the city is a fertiliser plant, two cement plants (Ambuja Cements and UltraTech Cement Limited), a large army cantonment, an air force station, a zoo, and a historic Qila Mubarak fort.
2026 deaths in the United Kingdom
The following notable deaths of British people occurred in 2026. Names are reported under the date of death, in alphabetical order. A typical entry reports information in the following sequence:

Name, age, citizenship at birth, nationality (in addition to British), or/and home nation, what subject was noted for, birth year, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Notability in the English Wikipedia
In the English version of the online encyclopedia Wikipedia, notability is a criterion to determine whether a topic merits a separate Wikipedia article. It is described in the guideline "Wikipedia:Notability". In general, notability is an attempt to assess whether the topic has "gained sufficiently significant attention by the world at large and over a period of time" as evidenced by significant coverage in reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic". The notability guideline was introduced in 2006 and has since been subject to various controversies.
Fodil Megharia
Fodil Megharia (Arabic: فوضيل مغارية; born 23 May 1961) is an Algerian former footballer who played as a defender. He spent his entire club career with ASO Chlef (Algeria) and Club Africain (Tunisia), with whom he won the 1991 African Cup of Champions Clubs.

1991 African Cup of Champions Clubs
The 1991 African Cup of Champions Clubs was the 27th edition of the annual international club football competition held in the CAF region (Africa), the African Cup of Champions Clubs. It determined that year's club champion of association football in Africa.

Club Africain from Tunisia won that final, and became for the first time CAF club champion.
Morato
Morato or Morató is a surname. It is most prevalent in Brazil, followed by Spain and the Philippines.

Notable people with this surname include:

Andrew Eric Feitosa (born 1992), Brazilian footballer commonly known as Morato

António Henriques Morato (1937–2025), Portuguese footballer

António Morato (footballer, born 1964), Portuguese footballer

Joaquín García Morato (1904–1939), Spanish aviator

Manuel Morato (1933–2021), Filipino politician

Morato (footballer, born 2001), Brazilian footballer

Nina Morato (born 1966), French singer-songwriter

Rosa Morató (born 1979), Spanish runner

Teresa Morató (born 1998), Andorran footballer

Tomas Morato (1887-1965), Filipino businessman

Nina Morato
Stéphanie Morato (born 2 March 1966), known professionally as Nina Morato, is a French singer and songwriter. Morato is best known for representing France in the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 with the song "Je suis un vrai garçon", where she placed seventh.
28th Hong Kong Film Awards
Ceremony for the 28th Hong Kong Film Awards was held on 19 April 2009 in the Hong Kong Cultural Centre and hosted by Eric Tsang, Teresa Mo, Sandra Ng, Vincent Kok, Kay Tse, Denise Ho, Lam Chi Chung, Chin Kar-lok, Louis Fan, Tin Kai Man, Michelle Lo and Wong Cho Lam.

Vincent Kok
Vincent Kok Tak-chiu (Chinese: 谷德昭; born 15 August 1965) is a Hong Kong actor, scriptwriter and film director.
Vincent's ancestral hometown is Shandong province.

Kok is best known for his frequent collaborations with Stephen Chow, acting and co-writing with him the films Forbidden City Cop, From Beijing with Love and The God of Cookery in addition to producing and co-writing Chow's 2007 film CJ7. He also made a cameo appearance in Chow's Shaolin Soccer as a hapless soccer player.

Kok also wrote, directed and starred alongside Jackie Chan in Gorgeous, a romantic comedy by the martial arts actor.
Solidaridad Obrera
Solidaridad Obrera could refer to:

Solidaridad Obrera (historical union), the union founded in 1907

Solidaridad Obrera (periodical), the newspaper founded in 1907

Confederación Sindical Solidaridad Obrera, the union founded in 1990

Solidaridad Obrera (historical union)
Workers' Solidarity (Spanish: Solidaridad Obrera; Catalan: Solidaritat Obrera; SO) was a regional federation of trade unions in Catalonia. Established in 1907, following a series of unsuccessful attempts to establish a national trade union centre in Spain, SO united many of Barcelona's disparate anarchist and socialist trade unions into a single federation. The two factions of the organisation struggled to influence it in their favoured direction, while also clashing with the Radical Republican Party (PRR). In 1909, SO organised a general strike in Catalonia, which escalated into an insurrection known as the Tragic Week. The organisation was suppressed in the wake of the uprising, but managed to reorganise itself following the rise to power of a liberal government. In 1910, it merged together with other regional trade union federations into the National Confederation of Labour (CNT).
Jacques Desallangre
Jacques Desallangre (6 September 1935 – 17 January 2020) was a member of the National Assembly of France.  He represented the Aisne department, and was a member of the Gauche démocrate et républicaine.

Desallangre was born in Châlons-en-Champagne, Marne. Formerly a left-wing independent, he joined the new Left Party in November 2008.

Châlons-en-Champagne
Châlons-en-Champagne (French pronunciation: [ʃɑlɔ̃ ɑ̃ ʃɑ̃paɲ]) is a city in the Grand Est region of France. It is the capital of the department of Marne, despite being only a quarter the size of the city of Reims.

Formerly called Châlons-sur-Marne, the city was officially renamed in 1995. It should not be confused with the Burgundian town of Chalon-sur-Saône.
Pre Pleasure
Pre Pleasure is the third studio album by Australian singer-songwriter Julia Jacklin. It was released on 26 August 2022 under Polyvinyl Record Co. and Transgressive Records. At the 2022 ARIA Music Awards, the album earned Jacklin nominations for Best Solo Artist, Best Independent Release and Best Adult Contemporary Album. The album was also nominated for several other awards, including the Australian Album of the Year at the 2022 J Awards, the Australian Music Prize, Independent Album of the Year at the AIR Awards of 2023, and Best Album at the 2023 Music Victoria Awards.

2023 Music Victoria Awards
The 2023 Music Victoria Awards are the 18th Annual Music Victoria Awards. The ceremony took place on 31 October 2023. The nominees were announced on 14 September 2023 Public voting was open from 14 September until 13 October.