hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Siege of Messina (1282)
The siege of Messina (June–September 1282) was a 13th-century military engagement. Fought during the opening months of the War of the Sicilian Vespers, the engagement began when an Angevin army led by Charles of Anjou laid siege to the city of Messina, which had rebelled against Angevin rule. Hoping to secure Messina as a bridgehead to reconquer the rest of Sicily, Charles of Anjou conducted a successful naval crossing of the Strait of Messina, but several assaults on the city failed.

After five weeks of siege, the Messinese defenders were reinforced by an Aragonese relief force. Facing mounting casualties and supply issues, the Angevin army lifted the siege and made a costly withdraw back across the strait to Calabria. The victorious Aragonese–Sicilian forces followed up the siege with a series of military actions to harass the retreating Angevins, and the failure to take Messina was an early defeat for the Angevin Kingdom in the Vesperan war.

Randazzo
Randazzo (Sicilian: Rannazzu) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, southern Italy. It is situated at the northern foot of Mount Etna, c. 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Catania. It is the nearest town to the summit of Etna, and is one of the points from which the ascent may be made.
Gertrude of Flanders, Duchess of Lorraine
Gertrude of Flanders (c. 1070–1117), was a Countess of Louvain and Landgravine of Brabant by marriage to Henry III, Count of Leuven, and a Duchess of Lorraine by marriage to Theodoric II, Duke of Lorraine. At the time the duchy was the upper Lorraine, since 959 separated from the duchy of Lower Lorraine.

Lower Lotharingia
The Duchy of Lower Lotharingia, also called Northern Lotharingia, Lower Lorraine or Northern Lorraine (and also referred to as Lothier or Lottier in titles), was a stem duchy of the medieval Kingdom of Germany established in 959, which encompassed almost all of  modern Belgium, Luxembourg, the northern part of the German Rhineland province and the eastern parts of France's Nord-Pas de Calais region. It also included almost all of modern Netherlands.
2015 Epping Forest District Council election
The 2015 Epping Forest District Council election took place on 7 May 2015 to elect members of Epping Forest District Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections.

This election marks the last time a Labour councillor sat in the chamber after Peter Gode of Shelley stood down - a dramatic decline following Labour being the largest party in the mid-1990s.

Epping Forest District
Epping Forest District is a local government district in Essex, England. It is named after the ancient woodland of Epping Forest, a large part of which lies within the district. The district covers northeastern parts of the urban area of London, including the suburban towns of Epping, Loughton, Waltham Abbey, Chigwell, and Buckhurst Hill, as well as rural areas beyond it. The district is situated in the west of the county, bordering north-eastern Greater London.

The administrative headquarters of Epping Forest District Council are in the town of Epping. Neighbouring districts are Brentwood, Broxbourne, Chelmsford, East Hertfordshire, Enfield, Harlow, Havering, Redbridge, Uttlesford and Waltham Forest. In 2021 it had a population of 134,909.
First Nations Broadcasting Australia
First Nations Broadcasting Australia (officially known as First Nations Broadcasting Australia Ltd and formerly Aboriginal Broadcasting Australia) is an Australian television and radio network, based in Darwin. The network is owned and controlled by Indigenous Australians.

The network currently broadcasts eight different television channels, including four radio simulcasts.

First Nations Radio
First Nations Radio, formerly, Radio Larrakia (call sign: 8KNB), is an Aboriginal Australian community radio station in Darwin, Northern Territory with a broadcast range that reaches Jabiru.

The station was established in 1998 by the Larrakia Aboriginal community of Darwin and is managed and controlled by Larrakia Aboriginal traditional owners.
Ghulam Nabi Gowhar
Ghulam Nabi Gowhar (born Ghulam Nabi Muqeem; 26 June 1934 – 19 June 2018) was a multilingual Kashmiri author, novelist, poet, columnist and a retired sessions jurist. He wrote about sixty books in Kashmiri, Urdu, and in English languages on various subjects such as politics, literature, history and on Sufism. In 1971, he wrote a novel titled Mujrim, leading him to become the "first novelist of Kashmiri literature". The recipient of cultural and literary awards and accordion, including Sahitya Akademi Award, he is also credited for translating the constitution of India into Kashmiri language.

He also conducted extensively research on various subjects such as history of Kashmir and Sufi saints. He is also credited for deciphering the poetry (called Shruks) of Nund Rishi. He also documented Bijbehara Massacre and Charari Sharief operation in his two historical books titled The Central Stage of Kashmir Politics and Military operation in Kashmir: insurgency at Charar-e-Sharief.

Literature of Kashmir
Literature of Kashmir has a long history, the oldest texts having been composed in the Sanskrit language. Early names include Patanjali, the author of the Mahābhāṣya commentary on Pāṇini's grammar, suggested by some to have been the same to write the Hindu treatise known as the Yogasutra, and Dridhbala, who revised the Charaka Samhita of Ayurveda.

In medieval times, philosophers of Kashmir Shaivism include Vasugupta (c. 800), Utpala (c. 925), Abhinavagupta, Kshemaraja, and Anandavardhana. Within contemporary Kashmir literature there are many poets, including Asif Tariq Bhat Tashi Shah, Akeel Mohiuddin Bhat, Omair Bhat   and Zeeshan Jaipuri.
Hakudō Kobayashi
Hakudō Kobayashi (小林はくどう, Kobayashi Hakudō; July 2, 1944)  is a Tokyo-based artist working in video and sculpture. He is best known for his work as a promoter of citizen video work. Kobayashi is also Representative Director of the NPO Shimin ga Tsukuru TVF (Community-made TVF) which runs the annual Tokyo Video Festival. He taught at Seian University of Art and Design from 1992-2010.

NTT InterCommunication Center
NTT InterCommunication Center (ICC) is a media art gallery in Tokyo Opera City Tower in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan. It was established by NTT to commemorate the 100th anniversary of telephone service in Japan and opened in 1997. In addition to permanent and temporary exhibitions featuring international and Japanese artists, ICC holds workshops, performances, symposia, and produces publications with the goal of advancing communication between artists and scientists.
New Bandon Parish
New Bandon is a geographic parish in Gloucester County, New Brunswick, Canada.

For governance purposes, the heavily francophone east comprises the towns of Hautes-Terres and Rivière-du-Nord, while the heavily anglophone west is part of the Chaleur rural district. The towns are members of the Acadian Peninsula Regional Service Commission,

Gloucester County, New Brunswick
Gloucester County (2021 population 78,256) is located in the northeastern corner of New Brunswick, Canada. Fishing, mining and forestry are the major industries in the county. The eastern section of the county is known for its Acadian culture. The county is named for Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh.
Peter Skabara
Peter John Skabara (born 1968) is a British chemist at the University of Glasgow, where he holds the Ramsay Chair in Chemistry.

Skabara earned a first-class honours degree in chemistry from Queen Mary and Westfield College in 1991, and completed his PhD at Durham University in 1994.

From 2005 to 2017, he held the James Young Chair of Chemistry and served as Head of Department at the University of Strathclyde. He was Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Materials Chemistry C from 2011 to 2019. He received a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award in 2014.

University of Strathclyde
The University of Strathclyde (Scottish Gaelic: Oilthigh Shrath Chluaidh) is a public research university located in Glasgow, Scotland. Founded in 1796 as the Andersonian Institute, it is Glasgow's second-oldest university, having received its royal charter in 1964 as the first technological university in the United Kingdom. Taking its name from the historic Kingdom of Strathclyde, its combined enrolment of 25,000 undergraduate and graduate students ranks it Scotland's third-largest university, drawn with its staff from over 100 countries.

The annual income of the institution for 2024–25 was £430.6 million of which £119.5 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £440.1 million.
London Metropolitan University
London Metropolitan University (abbreviated as London Met) is a public research university in London, England. The University of North London and London Guildhall University merged in 2002 to create the university. The University's roots can be traced back to 1848.

The university has campuses in the City of London and in the London Borough of Islington, a museum, archives and libraries. Special collections include the TUC Library, the Irish Studies Collection and the Frederick Parker Collection.

The Hoosiers
The Hoosiers are an English pop rock band who were originally formed in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. The band consists of members Irwin Sparkes (lead vocals, lead guitar) and Alan Sharland (drums, percussion, vocals).

Their first single "Worried About Ray" reached number 5 on the UK Singles Chart in July 2007, whilst their debut album,  The Trick to Life, reached number 1 on the UK Albums Chart in October 2007. In August 2010, the band released their second top 20 single, "Choices", and their second top 10 album, The Illusion of Safety.
John Palmer (colonial administrator)
Captain John Palmer (c.1650 – c.1700) was an English soldier, lawyer and colonial administrator.

In the earlier 1670s Palmer moved from Barbados to the Province of New York, and he was then appointed ranger of Staten Island. Thomas Rudyard made him one of his councillors in East Jersey, in 1682.

Palmer purchased the land comprising much of the neighborhood now known as Far Rockaway in the borough of Queens in New York City in 1685 from the Native American chief Tackapausha for 31 English pounds. Palmer sold most of the land to Richard Cornell in 1687.

Also in 1687, Thomas Dongan sent Palmer to England, to confer with James II. He was then made a commissioner governing Maine, with John West, taking profit from supposed uncertainties in land titles of colonists there. In 1688 the governor Sir Edmund Andros of New England fell as a result of the Glorious Revolution, and Palmer was imprisoned.

Far Rockaway
Far Rockaway is a neighborhood on the eastern part of the Rockaway peninsula in the New York City borough of Queens. It is the easternmost section of the Rockaways. The neighborhood extends from Beach 32nd Street east to the Nassau  County line. Its southern boundary is the Atlantic Ocean; it is one of the neighborhoods along Rockaway Beach.

Far Rockaway is located in Queens Community District 14 and its ZIP Codes are 11691 and  11693. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 101st Precinct.
Family of Lyndon B. Johnson
The family of Lyndon B. Johnson is an American political family related to Lyndon B. Johnson, the 36th president of the United States (1963–1969), and his wife Lady Bird Johnson, the second lady of the United States (1961–1963) and the first lady of the United States (1963–1969). Their immediate family was the First Family of the United States from 1963 to 1969. They also served as the Second Family of the United States from 1961 to 1963, when Lyndon B. Johnson was vice president.

Wedowee, Alabama
Wedowee is a town and the county seat of Randolph County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2020 census, Wedowee had a population of 737. It was initially incorporated in 1836, but its charter lapsed by the late 19th century. It was reincorporated in 1901.
Rule the World (Take That song)
"Rule the World" is a song by English boy band Take That. It was recorded for the soundtrack of the film Stardust (2007), and included on the deluxe edition of their fourth studio album Beautiful World (2006).

It was released in the United Kingdom on 21 October 2007 via digital download and as a CD single the following day. The single peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart and went on to become the group's best selling single, shifting over 1.8 million sales and being certified as 3× platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI).

The song was submitted for consideration at the 80th Academy Awards for Best Original Song, but was not nominated. In addition to the song featuring in the film, it also played over the ending of the episode "Fireworks" of the sitcom Not Going Out.

Howard Donald
Howard Paul Donald (born 28 April 1968) is an English singer, songwriter, drummer, pianist, dancer, DJ and record producer. He is a member of the pop group Take That. He was also judge on the German reality talent show Got to Dance from 2013 to 2014, during a Take That hiatus.
Elaan (1994 film)
Elaan is a 1994 Indian Hindi-language action film directed by Guddu Dhanoa. It stars Akshay Kumar, Madhoo, and Amrish Puri in pivotal roles. Other cast members include Farida Jalal, Deven Verma, Mohnish Behl, Dalip Tahil, Mohan Joshi, and Rami Reddy. Released on 21 January 1994, the film was a commercially successful.

Dalip Tahil
Dalip Tahil (born Dalip Tahilramani; 30 October 1952) is an Indian film, television and theatre actor. He is best known for his work in Baazigar (1993), Raja (1995), Hum Hain Rahi Pyar Ke (1993) and Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (1988), Pyaar Ki Miss Call (2009) along with actor Gaurav Prateek. In the UK, he appeared in the BBC soap opera EastEnders as Dan Ferreira, the head of the Ferreira family, from June to December 2003.
Jim Odom
James Cecil Odom (July 16, 1921 – January 18, 1989) was an American professional baseball umpire who worked in the American League from 1965 to 1974. Odom umpired 1,597 major league games in his 10-year career. He umpired in the 1971 World Series, two League Championship Series (1970 and 1973) and the 1968 Major League Baseball All-Star Game.

League Championship Series
The League Championship Series (LCS) is the semifinal round of postseason play in Major League Baseball which has been conducted since 1969. In 1981, and since 1995, the two annual series have matched up the winners of the Division Series, and the winners advance to meet in the World Series. The LCS comprises the American League Championship Series (ALCS) and National League Championship Series (NLCS).
Bruno Blašković
Bruno Blašković (born 2 August 1998) is a Croatian swimmer. He represented Croatia at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships held in Gwangju, South Korea and he finished in 33rd place in the heats in the men's 50 metre freestyle event. In the men's 100 metre freestyle he finished in 27th place in the heats.

In 2015, he competed in the men's 50 metre freestyle and men's 100 metre freestyle events at the European Games held in Baku, Azerbaijan.

2019 World Aquatics Championships
The 2019 World Aquatics Championships were the 18th FINA World Aquatics Championships, held in Gwangju, South Korea from 12 to 28 July 2019. The city had previously hosted the 2015 Summer Universiade aquatics events in the same venues.
Rossiya Tournament 1972
Rossiya Tournament 1972 was played in Ulyanovsk on 15–18 January 1972. It was the first time the Rossiya Tournament was arranged. The Soviet Union won the tournament.

The tournament was decided by round-robin results like a group stage.

Ulyanovsk
Ulyanovsk, known as Simbirsk until 1924, is a city and the administrative center of Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Volga River 705 kilometers (438 mi) east of Moscow. Ulyanovsk has been the only Russian UNESCO City of Literature since 2015.

The city was the birthplace of Vladimir Lenin (born Ulyanov), for whom it was renamed after his death in 1924; and of Alexander Kerensky, the leader of the Russian Provisional Government which Lenin overthrew during the October Revolution of 1917. It is also famous for its writers such as Ivan Goncharov, Nikolay Yazykov and Nikolay Karamzin, and for painters such as Arkady Plastov and Nikas Safronov.
Operation Paraquet
Operation Paraquet was the code name for the British military operation to recapture the island of South Georgia from Argentine military control in April 1982 at the start of the Falklands War.

The operation, a subsidiary of the main Operation Corporate—recapture of the Falkland Islands from Argentina—was successful, leading to the island being restored to British control on 25 April 1982.

Officially named "Operation Paraquet", an alternative spelling of parakeet, it was known among British troops as "Paraquat", after the industrial weedkiller.

Observation post
An observation post (commonly abbreviated OP), temporary or fixed, is a position from which soldiers can watch enemy movements, to warn of approaching soldiers (such as in trench warfare), or to direct fire. In strict military terminology, an observation post is any preselected position from which observations are to be made - this may include very temporary installations such as a vehicle parked as a roadside checkpoint, or even an airborne aircraft.
Aunty Disco Project (album)
Aunty Disco Project (Urdu: آنٹی ڈسکو پراجیکٹ, sometimes shortened in English as ADP) is the debut self-titled studio album of the Pakistani indie rock band Aunty Disco Project, released in December, 2007 independently at New Shadab Studios. The album achieved success as the band received wide acclaim and exposure alongside mainstream acts.

The self-titled debut album is independently produced and written by the band themselves. The first single from the album was "Sultanat" for which a music video was released on July 27, 2007 followed by the release of another single "Iss Tanhai Ko" on October 28. Aunty Disco Project made a comeback to the music industry with the release of their third music video, “Nazar”, released in August 2008.

MTV (Pakistani TV channel)
MTV Pakistan was the Pakistani subsidiary of MTV, a cable television network owned by Viacom. The Pakistan franchise was set up in collaboration with Pakistan's first satellite channel media group known as Indus Media Group (Indus TV). Indus TV was Pakistan's second private television broadcaster after STN.
Clark Foam
Clark Foam was a Californian company that manufactured surfboard blanks — foam slabs, reinforced with one or more wooden strips or "stringers" — cast in the rough shape of a surfboard and used by surfboard shapers to create finished surfboards.: 113   Founded in 1961 by Gordon "Grubby" Clark, Clark Foam established a near-monopoly on the American market, and a strong presence in the international market, which it held until the company's unexpected closure in 2005.

Foam
Foams are two-phase material systems where a gas is dispersed in a second, non-gaseous material, specifically, in which gas cells are enclosed by a distinct liquid or solid material.: 6 : 4  Foam "may contain more or less liquid [or solid] according to circumstances",: 6  although in the case of gas-liquid foams, the gas occupies most of the volume.: 4

In most foams, the volume of gas is large, with thin films of liquid or solid separating the regions of gas.
Eddie McLeod (footballer)
Edward McCormick McLeod (born 28 July 1907 – 1969) was a Scottish footballer who played as a left half; his only club at the professional level was Partick Thistle, where he spent thirteen 'normal' seasons (all in the top division), and was also on the books during the unofficial World War II campaigns, making 495 appearances for the Jags in all competitions and scoring 7 goals. He played for the club in the 1930 Scottish Cup Final which they lost to Rangers after a replay, but did manage to claim winner's medals in the Glasgow Merchants Charity Cup in 1927 and the one-off Glasgow Dental Hospital Cup in 1928, both against the same opponents, followed later by a Glasgow Cup in 1934.

McLeod was selected twice for the Scottish Football League XI, both times against the Irish League XI, and played in one edition of the Glasgow Football Association's annual challenge match against Sheffield.

Glasgow Charity Cup
The Glasgow Merchants' Charity Cup was a knockout football tournament open to teams from in and around Glasgow and later on in the tournament's history, teams from outwith Glasgow. Invitations were made and sent out by the Glasgow Charity Cup Committee (GCCC) at their discretion, but no criteria were ever published.

Like many domestic competitions in Scottish football, it was dominated by the Old Firm of Rangers and Celtic, with 31 and 28 victories each respectively. In the latter years of the tournament, it ceased being a knockout tournament and became a one-off contest between a Glasgow Select and a team invited from the English League.
Southern Hebridean dialect group
The Southern Hebridean dialect group is a group of dialects of Scottish Gaelic. The Southern Hebridean dialects are spoken in the Outer Hebrides south of Lewis, that being the islands of Harris, Uist and Barra, as well as surrounding smaller islands such as Berneray and Eriskay. The dialect of Skye is closely related to this dialect group and shares many of its features, as are the west coast mainland dialects of Glenelg, Mallaig and Arisaig.

The group is generally subdivided dialectally into its individual islands, though the distinction between the individual Uist islands is less clear.

Eriskay
Eriskay (Scottish Gaelic: Èirisgeigh), from the Old Norse for "Eric's Isle", is an island and community council area of the Outer Hebrides in northern Scotland with a population of 160. It lies between South Uist and Barra and is connected to South Uist by a causeway which was opened in 2001. In the same year Ceann a' Ghàraidh in Eriskay became the ferry terminal for travelling between South Uist and Barra. The Caledonian MacBrayne vehicular ferry travels between Eriskay and Ardmore in Barra. The crossing takes around 40 minutes.
Lev Borisov
Lev Ivanovich Borisov  (Russian: Лев Иванович Борисов;  8 December 1933, Plyos – 15 November 2011, Moscow) was a Russian actor. Brother of Oleg Borisov. He was a People's Artist of Russia.

Lev Borisov was buried at the Troyekurovskoye Cemetery.

Grave
A grave is a location where a dead body (typically that of a human, although sometimes that of an animal) is buried or interred after a funeral. Graves are usually located in special areas set aside for the purpose of burial, such as graveyards or cemeteries.

In some religions, it is believed that the body must be burned or cremated for the soul to survive; in others, the complete decomposition of the body is considered to be important for the rest of the soul (see bereavement).
Nowy Janów, Łódź Voivodeship
Nowy Janów [ˈnɔvɨ ˈjanuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kluki, within Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Kluki, 11 km (7 mi) south-west of Bełchatów, and 57 km (35 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Bełchatów
Bełchatów ([bɛu̯ˈxatuf] ⓘ) is a city in central Poland, with a population of 55,583, as of December 2021. It is located in Łódź Voivodeship, 160 kilometres (99 miles) southwest of Warsaw.

The Elektrownia Bełchatów, located in Bełchatów, is the largest coal fueled power plant in Europe and the fifth largest in the world. It produces 27–28 TWh of electricity per year, or 20% of the total power generation in Poland. 8,000 people work directly for the company that runs the coal mine and electricity plants.

The city is also known for the successful volleyball club Skra Bełchatów and local krówki (traditional Polish candy).