hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L18
39S ribosomal protein L18, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPL18 gene.

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein that belongs to the L18P ribosomal protein family. Three polymorphic sites exist in this gene, one of which is three nt in length which causes an extra aa near the N-terminus.

Sequence homology
Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a speciation event (orthologs), or a duplication event (paralogs), or else a horizontal (or lateral) gene transfer event (xenologs).

Homology among DNA, RNA, or proteins is typically inferred from their nucleotide or amino acid sequence similarity. Significant similarity is strong evidence that two sequences are related by evolutionary changes from a common ancestral sequence. Alignments of multiple sequences are used to indicate which regions of each sequence are homologous.
Biecz County
Biecz County (Polish: powiat biecki) was an administrative unit (powiat) of both the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. With its seat in the town of Biecz, it was part of Kraków Voivodeship. Biecz County existed from the second half of the 14th century, until the first partition of Poland in 1772.

In the early Kingdom of Poland, the ancient town of Biecz was the seat of a castellany. In the 14th century, when castellanies were replaced by counties, the expansive Biecz County was created, one of seven such units of Kraków Voivodeship. Apart from Biecz itself, it included such towns, as Jasło, Gorlice, Dukla and Ciezkowice. In the 17th century, Biecz County had 11 towns and 264 villages, with an area of 2,300 km2 (890 sq mi).

In 1772, following first partition of Poland, Biecz was annexed by the Habsburg Empire. The county was disbanded by Austrian authorities in 1783.

Jasło
Jasło [ˈjaswɔ] ⓘ is a county town in south-eastern Poland with 36,641 inhabitants, as of 31 December 2012. It is situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (since 1999), and it was previously part of Krosno Voivodeship (1975–1998). It is located in Lesser Poland, in the heartland of the Doły (Pits), and its average altitude is 320 metres above sea level, although there are some hills located within the confines of the city. The Patron Saint of the city is Saint Anthony of Padua.
Nashville Golf Open
The Simmons Bank Open is a golf tournament on the Korn Ferry Tour. It was first played in June 2016 as the Nashville Golf Open at the Nashville Golf & Athletic Club in Brentwood, Tennessee. After the event was canceled in 2020 due to COVID-19, it moved to The Grove in May 2021 as a regular season Korn Ferry event. Once it was named the 2022 Korn Ferry Tour Tournament of the Year, it was announced that the event would move to September to be a part of the Korn Ferry Tour Finals for the 2023 Korn Ferry Tour season and beyond. Beginning in 2024, the event moved to the Vanderbilt Legends Club's North Course as The Grove will be hosting LIV Golf Nashville's event.

LIV Golf
LIV Golf (/lɪv/ LIV) is a professional men's golf tour. The name "LIV" refers to the Roman numerals for 54, the number of holes played at LIV events. The first LIV Golf Invitational Series event started on 9 June 2022, at the Centurion Club near St Albans in Hertfordshire, UK. The Invitational Series became the LIV Golf League in 2023.

LIV Golf is financed by the Public Investment Fund, the sovereign wealth fund of Saudi Arabia. Some journalists and commentators have said the tour is part of efforts by the Saudi monarchy, which has been criticized for its corruption and human rights abuses, to improve its public image through sports.

LIV Golf Adelaide was awarded the best golf event in the world from 2023–2025 at the World Golf Awards.
German submarine U-25 (1936)
German submarine U-25 was one of two Type IA ocean-going submarines produced by Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine. Constructed by DeSchiMAG AG Weser in Bremen as yard number 903, U-25 was commissioned  on 6 April 1936. It experienced a short, but successful combat career, sinking eight ships and damaging one.

AG Weser
Aktien-Gesellschaft "Weser" (abbreviated A.G. "Weser") was one of the major  German shipbuilding companies, located at the Weser River in Bremen. Founded in 1872 it was finally closed in 1983. All together, A.G. „Weser" built about 1,400 ships of different types, including many warships. A.G. „Weser" was the leading company in the Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau AG, a cooperation of eight German shipbuilding companies between 1926 and 1945.
William Fellner
William John Fellner (born Fellner Vilmos on May 31, 1905 – September 15, 1983) was a Hungarian-American economist and Sterling Professor of Economics at Yale University from 1952 until his retirement in 1973. Born in Budapest, Austria-Hungary, he studied at the University of Budapest, the ETH Zurich and the Frederick William University in Berlin, where he received his Ph.D. in economics in 1929,. Fellner served on the Council of Economic Advisers from 1973 to 1975.

Hungarian Americans
Hungarian Americans (Hungarian: amerikai magyarok, pronounced [ˈɒmɛrikɒji ˈmɒɟɒrok]) are Americans of Hungarian descent. The U.S. Census Bureau has estimated that there are approximately 1.396 million Americans of Hungarian descent as of 2018. The total number of people with ethnic Hungarian background is estimated to be around 4 million. The largest concentration is in the Greater Cleveland Metropolitan Area in Northeast Ohio. At one time, the presence of Hungarians within Cleveland proper was so great that the city was known as the "American Debrecen," with one of the highest concentrations of Hungarians in the world.
Atropine/diphenoxylate
Diphenoxylate/atropine, also known as co-phenotrope and sold under the brand name Lomotil among others, is used to treat diarrhea. It is a fixed-dose combination of the medications diphenoxylate, as the hydrochloride, an antidiarrheal; and atropine, as the sulfate, an anticholinergic. It is taken by mouth. Onset is typically within an hour.

Side effects may include abdominal pain, angioedema, glaucoma, heart problems, feeling tired, dry mouth, and trouble seeing. It is unclear if use in pregnancy is safe and use when breastfeeding may result in side effects in the baby. It works by decreasing contractions of the bowel.

The combination was approved for medical use in the United States in 1960. It is available as a generic medication. In 2023, it was the 286th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 600,000 prescriptions. The combination is classified as a Schedule V controlled substance in the United States.

Tachycardia
Tachycardia, also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate. In general, a resting heart rate over 100 beats per minute is accepted as tachycardia in adults. Heart rates above the resting rate may be normal (such as with exercise) or abnormal (such as with electrical problems within the heart).
Abydos (Hellespont)
Abydos (Ancient Greek: Ἄβυδος, Latin: Abydus) was an ancient city and bishopric in Mysia. It was located at the Nara Burnu promontory on the Asian coast of the Hellespont (the straits of Dardanelles), opposite the ancient city of Sestos, and near the city of Çanakkale in Turkey. Abydos was founded in c. 670 BC at the most narrow point in the straits, and thus was one of the main crossing points between Europe and Asia, until its replacement by the crossing between Lampsacus and Kallipolis in the 13th century, and the abandonment of Abydos in the early 14th century.

In Greek mythology, Abydos is presented in the myth of Hero and Leander as the home of Leander. The city is also mentioned in Rodanthe and Dosikles, a novel written by Theodore Prodromos, a 12th-century writer, in which Dosikles kidnaps Rodanthe at Abydos.

Çanakkale
Çanakkale (Turkish: [tʃaˈnakkale] ⓘ), formerly known in English as Dardanelles, is a city and seaport in Turkey on the southern shore of the Dardanelles at their narrowest point. It is the seat of Çanakkale Province and Çanakkale District. Its population is 143,622 (2021).

Çanakkale is the nearest major urban centre to the ancient city of Troy, which (together with the ancient region of the Troad) is also located inside Çanakkale Province. The wooden horse from the 2004 film Troy is exhibited on the Çanakkale waterfront.

Today Çanakkale is the main base for visits to the ruins of Troy and to the First World War cemeteries at Gallipoli. Particularly around 18 March and 25 April (Anzac Day) when there are major celebrations of the events of the war the town is heavily visited.

Çanakkale Airport is 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from the city centre. AnadoluJet and Borajet have daily flights from Istanbul and Ankara. Intercity buses run to Bursa, Istanbul and İzmir.
Shōhaku Art Museum
Shōhaku Art Museum (松伯美術館, Shōhaku Bijutsukan) opened in Nara, Japan, in 1994. It was established thanks to donations of artworks and the support of Kintetsu. The collection comprises paintings and sketches by Uemura Shōen, Uemura Shōkō (上村松篁), and Uemura Atsushi (上村淳之), and special exhibitions are staged to help promote the appreciation of Nihonga. The shō (松) element of the museum's name is derived from the first character of the first two of these artists' given names, as well as from the pines in the garden of the former honorary chairman of Kintetsu, where the museum now stands, while the haku (伯) element comes from its tea house, known as Hakusentei (伯泉亭).

Chashitsu
Chashitsu (茶室, 'tea room') in Japanese tradition is an architectural space designed to be used for tea ceremony (chanoyu) gatherings.

The architectural style that developed for chashitsu is referred to as the sukiya style (sukiya-zukuri), and the term sukiya (数奇屋) may be used as a synonym for chashitsu. Related Japanese terms are chaseki (茶席), broadly meaning "place for tea", and implying any sort of space where people are seated to participate in tea ceremony, and chabana, "tea flowers", the style of flower arrangement associated with the tea ceremony.

Typical features of chashitsu are shōji windows and sliding doors made of wooden lattice covered in a translucent Japanese paper; tatami mat floors; a tokonoma alcove; and simple, subdued colours and style. The most typical floor size of a chashitsu is 4.5 tatami mats (7.4 m2; 80 sq ft).
Tony Smith (band manager)
John Anthony "Tony" Smith (born January 1945) is a British manager and music and film producer. He was talent manager for the rock band Genesis, for the solo careers of Phil Collins, Mike Rutherford and Tony Banks, and for Pink Floyd's Nick Mason and his band Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets.

In his early career Smith promoted shows with acts such as the Beatles, the Rolling Stones and the Who. He went on to co-found (with Jon Crawley) the Hit & Run Music Publishing house in 1977, located in the United Kingdom. Along with Hilary Shor, he has expanded into film production under the name Hit and Run Productions. As a film producer, he has produced Eye of the Beholder (1999) and Children of Men (2006).

In 2000, the Music Managers Foundation presented him with the Peter Grant Award.

Smith is a historic car racer and has owned an Aston Martin DB4 GT Zagato Sanction II Coupe, one of only four ever made, which in 2012 was auctioned by Bonhams for a record-breaking £1.2 million with fees.

Peter Grant (music manager)
Peter Grant (5 April 1935 – 21 November 1995) was an English music manager, best known as the manager of Led Zeppelin from their creation in 1968 to their breakup in 1980. With his intimidating size and weight, confrontational manner, knowledge and experience, Grant was able to procure strong and unprecedented deals for Led Zeppelin, and is widely credited with improving pay and conditions for all musicians in dealings with concert promoters. Grant has been described as "one of the shrewdest and most ruthless managers in rock history".

Born and largely brought up in the south London suburb of South Norwood, England by his mother, he worked variously as a  stagehand,  bouncer,  wrestler, bit-part actor, and UK tour manager for acts such as Chuck Berry, Gene Vincent and the Animals, before getting involved briefly in band management with the Nashville Teens and the Yardbirds.

He was also a record executive for Swan Song Records.
KCDO-TV
KCDO-TV (channel 3), branded The Spot – Denver 3, is an independent television station licensed to Sterling, Colorado, United States, serving the Denver area. It is owned by the E. W. Scripps Company alongside ABC affiliate KMGH-TV (channel 7). The two stations share studios on Delgany Street in Denver's River North Art District; KCDO-TV's transmitter is located in rural southwestern Morgan County, east of Frederick.

Morgan County, Colorado
Morgan County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 29,111. The county seat is Fort Morgan. The county was named after old Fort Morgan, which in turn was named in honor of Colonel Christopher A. Morgan.

Morgan County comprises the Fort Morgan, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Aliyu Modibbo Umar
Aliyu Modibbo Umar (born 15 November 1958) is a Nigerian technocrat who currently serves as the Special Adviser on General Duties to the Vice President of Nigeria, Kashim Shettima. He previously served as the federal Minister of State for Power and Steel from December 2002 to May 2003, Minister of Commerce from July 2006 to July 2007, then Minister for the FCT (Federal Capital Territory, Abuja), a post he held until October 2008.

Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)
The Federal Capital Territory (FCT) is a federal territory in central Nigeria. Abuja, the capital city of Nigeria, is located in this territory. The FCT was formed in 1976 from parts of the states of old Kaduna, Kwara, Niger, and Plateau states, with the bulk of land mass carved out of Niger state. The Federal Capital Territory is within the North Central region of the country. Unlike other states of Nigeria, which are headed by elected Governors, it is administered by the Federal Capital Territory Administration, headed by a minister, who is appointed by the president.
2010–11 Ukrainian First League
The 2010–11 Ukrainian First League was the 20th since its establishment.  Eighteen teams competed in the competition. Two teams were promoted from the 2009–10 Ukrainian Second League and a third team replaced a team that withdrew from the competition.

The competition began on July 17, 2010, with six matches. It had a winter break and resumed on March 19, 2011.

Ukrainian First League
The Persha Liha (Ukrainian: Перша ліга [ˈpɛrʃɐ ˈl⁽ʲ⁾iɦɐ]) or Ukrainian First League is a level of national football competitions (second tier) in Ukraine governed by the Professional Football League at the discretion of the Ukrainian Association of Football. Members of the league also participate in the Ukrainian Cup. The league is the intermediate level within the three-tiered "competition pyramid".
Arch Taylor
Archibald Robert Taylor (born 26 November 1941) is a New Zealand former cricketer. He played first-class cricket for Wellington in the 1960s and List A cricket for Auckland in the 1970s.

Taylor was a promising right-arm fast-medium bowler who played 13 matches of first-class cricket for Wellington between 1963 and 1966 before his career was interrupted by injury. He resumed as a medium-pace bowler for a few one-day matches for Auckland in the 1970s. In his last match he took two wickets to help Auckland win the final of the Gillette Cup in December 1978. His best first-class figures were 6 for 47 in Wellington's two-wicket victory over Northern Districts in the 1965–66 Plunket Shield.

Ford Trophy
The Ford Trophy is the main domestic List A limited overs cricket competition in New Zealand. Previous sponsor State Insurance did not renew naming rights in 2009, resulting in the competition being renamed the New Zealand Cricket one-day competition. The competition was renamed the Ford Trophy following a partnership between New Zealand Cricket and Ford Motor Company in 2011.
North American Open 2011
The North American Open 2011 is the men's edition of the 2011 North American Open, which is a PSA World Series event Gold (prize money: $115,000). The event took place at the Westwood Club in Richmond, Virginia in the United States from 20 February to 26 February. Nick Matthew won his second North American Open trophy, beating Ramy Ashour in the final.

Nick Matthew
Nicholas Matthew OBE (born 25 July 1980 in Sheffield) is a former English professional squash player who has won the two most prestigious tournaments in the professional game, the British Open and the World Open, three times each. He reached a career-high world ranking of World No. 1 in June 2010. His home club is Hallamshire Tennis and Squash Club in Sheffield which has named 'The Nick Matthew Showcourt' after him.

He married Esme Taylor, a sports physiologist who has worked with British Cycling, in 2013 and the couple celebrated the birth of their first child Charlotte Rose on 9 September 2014.
Palle (given name)
Palle is a given name.  Notable people with the given name include:

Palle Christiansen (born 1973), Greenlandic politician

Palle Huld (1912 – 2010), Danish Boy Scout film actor and writer

Palle Mikkelborg (born 1941), Danish jazz trumpet player, composer, arranger and record producer

Palle Sørensen (1927 – 2018), Danish convicted murderer

Palle Suenson, (1904 - 1987), Danish modernist architect

Palle Huld
Palle Huld (2 August 1912 – 26 November 2010) was a Danish Boy Scout, film actor and writer. He appeared in 40 films between 1933 and 2000. He was born in Hellerup in Denmark. His journey around the world at the age of 15 in 1928 reportedly inspired Hergé to create Tintin.
1957 in Malaya
This article lists important figures and events in Malayan public affairs during the year 1957, together with births and deaths of significant Malayans. Malaya became independent from British colonial rule on 31 August 1957.

King of Malaysia
The King of Malaysia, officially Yang di-Pertuan Agong (lit. 'He who is made Lord', Jawi: يڠ دڤرتوان اݢوڠ‎), is the constitutional monarch and ceremonial head of state of Malaysia. The office was established in 1957, when the Federation of Malaya gained independence from the United Kingdom. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected by the Conference of Rulers, comprising the nine rulers of the Malay states, with the office de facto rotated between them, making Malaysia one of the world's few elective monarchies.

The 17th and current Yang di-Pertuan Agong is Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor. He was elected on 26 October 2023, at a special meeting of the Conference of Rulers; he took the oath of office and was sworn in at the Istana Negara on 31 January 2024. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong's queen consort is known as the Raja Permaisuri Agong (Queen of Malaysia), currently Raja Zarith Sofiah. The royal couple are styled in English as "His Majesty" and "Her Majesty".
Vartsikhe
Vartsikhe (Georgian: ვარციხე [väɾt̪͡s̪ʰiχe̞]) is a village in the Baghdati Municipality, Imereti, Georgia. It is located in western part of the country, in the Imereti Lowlands, at the confluence of the Rioni and Khanitskali rivers, some 17 km northwest of the town of Baghdati. Its population as of the 2014 census was 1,559.

Vartsikhe, formerly Vardtsikhe, is the Rhodopolis of the Eastern Roman authors of Late Antiquity. Rhodopolis was one of the key towns in Lazica, contested between the Eastern Roman and Sasanian empires in the 6th century. From the late 15th century into the early 19th, Vardtsikhe functioned as one of the castles of the kings of Imereti.

Rioni
The Rioni (Georgian: რიონი [ˈɾio̞n̪i]; Ancient Greek: Φᾶσις, Phâsis) is the main river of western Georgia.  It originates in the Caucasus Mountains, in the region of Racha and flows west to the Black Sea, entering it north of the city of Poti (near ancient Phasis). The city of Kutaisi, once the ancient city of Colchis, lies on its banks. It drains the western Transcaucasus into the Black Sea while the river Kura drains the eastern Transcaucasus into the Caspian Sea.
2024 Chilean wildfires
In February 2024, a series of wildfires broke out in Chile, affecting multiple regions including Valparaíso, O'Higgins, Maule, Biobío, and Los Lagos. The most severe incidents occurred in the Valparaíso Region as of 5 February 2024. The Chilean government labeled the fires as the country's worst disaster since the 2010 Chile earthquake, and declared a two-day national mourning period.

Biobío Region
The Biobío Region (Spanish: Región del Biobío [ˌbi.oˈβi.o]) is one of Chile's sixteen regions (first-order administrative divisions). With a population of 1.5 million, thus being the third most populated region in Chile, it is divided into three provinces: Arauco, Biobío and Concepción. The latter contains its capital and largest city, Concepción, a major city and metro area in the country. Los Ángeles, capital of the Biobío Province, is another important city in the region.
Golovkino
Golovkino (Russian: Головкино) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Golovkino, Kaliningrad Oblast, a settlement in Golovkinsky Rural Okrug of Polessky District of Kaliningrad Oblast

Golovkino, Leningrad Oblast, a village in Nezhnovskoye Settlement Municipal Formation of Kingiseppsky District of Leningrad Oblast

Golovkino, Oryol Oblast, a village in Gagarinsky Selsoviet of Korsakovsky District of Oryol Oblast

Golovkino, Pskov Oblast, a village in Dedovichsky District of Pskov Oblast

Golovkino, Smolensk Oblast, a village in Selenskoye Rural Settlement of Tyomkinsky District of Smolensk Oblast

Golovkino, Tambov Oblast, a village in Fedorovsky Selsoviet of Sosnovsky District of Tambov Oblast

Golovkino, Staritsky District, Tver Oblast, a village in Novo-Yamskoye Rural Settlement of Staritsky District of Tver Oblast

Golovkino, Vyshnevolotsky District, Tver Oblast, a village in Dyatlovskoye Rural Settlement of Vyshnevolotsky District of Tver Oblast

Tyomkinsky District
Tyomkinsky District (Russian: Тёмкинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-five in Smolensk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,324.22 square kilometers (511.28 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Tyomkino. Population: 6,348 (2010 Census);  6,916 (2002 Census); 8,160 (1989 Soviet census). The population of the administrative center accounts for 38.0% of the district's total population.
History of combinatorics
The mathematical field of combinatorics was studied to varying degrees in numerous ancient societies.  Its study in Europe dates to the work of Leonardo Fibonacci in the 13th century AD, which introduced Arabian and Indian ideas to the continent.  It has continued to be studied in the modern era.

Al-Karaji
Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn al Ḥasan al-Karajī (Persian: ابو بکر محمد بن الحسن الکرجی; c. 953 – c. 1029) was a 10th-century Persian mathematician and engineer who flourished at Baghdad. He was born in Karaj, a city near Tehran. His three principal surviving works are mathematical: Al-Badi' fi'l-hisab (Wonderful on calculation), Al-Fakhri fi'l-jabr wa'l-muqabala (Glorious on algebra), and Al-Kafi fi'l-hisab (Sufficient on calculation).