hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Texas Low Emission Diesel standards
Texas Low Emission Diesel standards (TxLED) are rules regulating the quality of diesel fuels, intended to reduce pollutants (especially NOx).  Since October 31, 2005, diesel fuel to be consumed by engines in 110 counties in Eastern Texas must meet these requirements:

Maximum aromatic hydrocarbon content of 10% by volume.

Minimum cetane number of 48.

Alternatively, diesel fuel that complies with the specifications of a California Air Resources Board (CARB) certified alternative diesel formulation that was approved by CARB before January 18, 2005, may be used, as can fuel approved by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) that is proven to have emissions equivalent to or less than TxLED compliant fuel.

Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) is the environmental agency for the state of Texas. The commission's headquarters are located at 12100 Park 35 Circle in Austin. The fourth-largest environmental agency in the United States (and the third-largest state environmental agency, behind the US Environmental Protection Agency, the California EPA, and the New York DEC), it employs about 2,780 employees, has 16 regional offices, and has a $420 million operating budget for the 2016 fiscal year.
Kuczów
Kuczów [ˈkut͡ʂuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brody, within Starachowice County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) west of Brody, 7 km (4 mi) south-east of Starachowice, and 39 km (24 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Starachowice
Starachowice [staraxɔˈvʲit͡sɛ] ⓘ is a city in southeastern Poland (historic Lesser Poland), with 49,513 inhabitants (31.12.2017). It is the capital of Starachowice County in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It is situated upon the River Kamienna, a tributary of the Vistula River, among hills and forests.
Udokan Range
The Udokan Range (Russian: хребет Удокан) is a mountain range in Sakha Republic (Yakutia) and Zabaykalsky Krai, Russian Federation. The nearest town is Chara.

There is copper mining in the range at the Udokan mine, part of the Udokan Ore Region that includes the Kalar and Kodar ranges. A stretch of the Baikal–Amur Mainline passes through the range following the valley of the Khani river.

Zabaykalsky Krai
Zabaykalsky Krai is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the Russian Far East. Its administrative center is Chita. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 1,107,107.

The krai was created on 1 March 2008, as a result of a merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug after a referendum held on the issue on 11 March 2007. In 2018, the krai became part of the Far Eastern Federal District.
Lawrence Grace
Lawrence Marshall Grace (16 April 1854 – 10 January 1934) was a 19th-century Member of Parliament from the Bay of Plenty region of New Zealand.

He represented the Tauranga electorate from 1885 to 1887, when he retired.

He was the son of missionary Thomas Grace and Agnes Fearon. Lawrence's twin brother was John Edward. In 1885 he married Te Kahui Te Heuheu, daughter of Ngāti Tuwharetoa paramount chief Te Heuheu Tūkino IV, and sister of Tureiti Te Heuheu Tukino V. They had 12 children. Their eldest daughter, Bessie Te Wenerau Grace, was the first Māori woman to earn a degree from a university. His son, Hāmi Grace, was a New Zealand cricketer.

As an MP and son-in-law of Te Heuheu Tūkino IV, Grace was involved in the negotiations to establish Tongariro National Park.

Ngāti Tūwharetoa
Ngāti Tūwharetoa is an iwi descended from Ngātoro-i-rangi, the priest who navigated the Arawa canoe to New Zealand. The Tūwharetoa region extends from Te Awa o te Atua (Tarawera River) at Matatā across the central plateau of the North Island to the lands around Mount Tongariro and Lake Taupō.

Tūwharetoa is the sixth largest iwi in New Zealand, with a population of 35,877 of the 2013 New Zealand census, and 40% of its people under the age of 15. The tribe consists of a number of hapū (subtribes) represented by 33 marae (meeting places). The collective is bound together by the legacy of Ngātoro-i-rangi as epitomised in the ariki (paramount chief), currently Sir Tumu te Heuheu Tūkino VIII.

In the 2013 New Zealand census 35,877 people identified as Ngāti Tūwharetoa. By the 2018 New Zealand census, there were at least 47,103 people identifying with the iwi, including 44,448 identifying with the Taupō branch, and 2,655 identifying with the Kawerau branch.
Pixodarus, son of Mausolus
Pixodarus (Πιξώδαρος) was a dignitary of Caria circa 500 BCE, son of a man named Mausolus (not to be confused with the later ruler of Caria named Mausolus), who was from the city of Cindye. Pixodarus led the Carians fighting on the Ionian side during the Ionian revolt in 490 BCE, but was defeated twice by the Achaemenids (in the Battle of the Marsyas and the Battle of Labraunda in 495 BC).

He also married the daughter of Syennesis, ruler of Achaemenid Cilicia. Syennesis was a contemporary and tributary of Darius the Great, and possibly the same man whom Herodotus mentions as one of the most distinguished of the subordinate commanders in the fleet of Xerxes I.

Syennesis
Syennesis (Ancient Greek: Συέννεσις) was the name of a number of men in classical antiquity. In particular it seems to have been a common name of the native kings of Cilicia.

Syennesis (5th century), a figure in the conflict of Artaxerxes II of Persia and Cyrus the Younger

Syennesis of Cyprus, an ancient Greek physician in the 4th century BCE

Syennesis, a contemporary with Achaemenid Empire king Darius I, to whom he was tributary

Syennesis, a king of Cilicia, who joined with Labynetus (Nebuchadnezzar) in mediating between Cyaxares and Alyattes of Lydia, the kings respectively of Media and Lydia
Xanthesma furcifera
Xanthesma furcifera, or Xanthesma (Xanthesma) furcifera, is a species of bee in the family Colletidae and the subfamily Euryglossinae. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1913 by British-American entomologist Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell.

Euryglossinae
Euryglossinae is a subfamily of plasterer bees endemic to Australia. Most of the 400+ species in the subfamily are very small, with the largest reaching 10 mm in length. Females of this subfamily carry pollen internally, in the crop.
Kevin Sedgbeer
Kevin Graham Sedgbeer (born 20 September 1972) is a former English cricketer. Sedgbeer was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox spin.

Sedgbeer made his List-A debut for the Somerset Cricket Board in the 1999 NatWest Trophy against Bedfordshire.

In 2000 he played 2 List-A matches for Huntingdonshire in the 2000 NatWest Trophy against the Hampshire Cricket Board and the Yorkshire Cricket Board.

In 2001 he once again played for the Somerset Cricket Board against Wales Minor Counties in the 2001 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy and later that year he played for the Board in the 2nd round of the 2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy against Norfolk which was played in September 2001.  His final List-A match for the Board came against Cornwall in the 1st round of the 2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy.

In his 6 one-day matches, he scored 103 runs at a batting average of 20.60.  With the ball he took 2 wickets at a bowling average of 64.50, with best figures of 1/29.

Huntingdonshire County Cricket Club
Huntingdonshire County Cricket Club is one of the county clubs which make up the minor counties in the English domestic cricket structure, representing the historic county of Huntingdonshire. The club does not currently compete in either the Minor Counties Championship or MCCA Knockout Trophy, but does play informal matches, typically against armed forces teams and county academies.
Walter Arlen
Walter Arlen (né Aptowitzer; July 31, 1920 – September 2, 2023) was an Austrian and American composer, focused on songs for voice and piano. Just after completing school, he fled the Nazi regime in Vienna for the United States, where he worked as a music critic for the Los Angeles Times, and a professor of music at the Loyola Marymount University. He was recognised as a composer late in life.

Bad Sauerbrunn
Bad Sauerbrunn (German: [baːt ˈzaʊ̯ɐˌbʁʊn] ⓘ; until 1987, Sauerbrunn; Hungarian: Savanyúkút; Croatian: Kisela voda; Central Bavarian: Sauabrunn) is the name of a mineral spa and the town in which it is located, in the district of Mattersburg in the Austrian state of Burgenland. The spa was used in ancient times by the Romans and was re-opened in 1847. The town, formerly called Savanyúkút, was part of German-speaking western Hungary until that territory became part of Austria in 1920. In 1921 Sauerbrunn, became the provisional capital of the newly formed federal state of Burgenland until 1925, when the seat of government moved to Eisenstadt.
Phyllodesma americana
Phyllodesma americana, the American lappet moth, is a moth of the family Lasiocampidae. It is found from Nova Scotia to northern Florida, west through Texas to California, north to British Columbia and Yukon.

The wingspan is 29–49 mm. Adults are on wing from March to September in two generations in the south. In eastern Ontario, adults are on wing from May to July. The flight season in Ohio is from April to August. There is one generation per year in the northern part of the range.

The larvae feed on the leaves of Alnus, Betula, Quercus, Populus, Salix, Ceanothus velutinus, Chrysolepis chrysophylla and Rosoideae species.

Rosoideae
The rose subfamily Rosoideae consists of more than 850 species, including many shrubs, perennial herbs, and fruit plants such as strawberries and brambles. Only a few are annual herbs.

The circumscription of the Rosoideae is still not wholly certain; recent genetic research has resulted in several changes at the genus level and the removal from Rosoideae of some genera (notably Cercocarpus, Cowania, Dryas and Purshia) previously included in the subfamily.
Grey Towers Castle
The Grey Towers Castle is a building on the campus of Arcadia University in Glenside, Pennsylvania, which is located in Cheltenham Township, a suburb of Philadelphia, United States. The mansion was designed by Horace Trumbauer and built starting in 1893 on the estate of William Welsh Harrison.

The university (then known as Beaver College and located in nearby Jenkintown) purchased the estate in 1929 for $712,500, equal to $13,359,375 today. Classes were split between the two locations until 1962, when the school moved all of its operations to the Glenside area. The mansion was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985 for its architecture.

Jenkintown, Pennsylvania
Jenkintown is a borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, Jenkintown had a population of 4,719. It is approximately 10 mi (16 km) north of Center City Philadelphia.
Dashabatar Cards
Dashabatar Cards (দশাবতার তাস) or Dashavatari Ganjifa are playing cards from West Bengal used to play certain games. They first originated in Bishnupur, a town in Bankura District. King Bir Hambir is attributed to the invention of these cards in the 16th century. The ten avatars of Bishnu are featured in the cards. It is a unique example of Bengal's folk art.

Kalki
Kalki (Sanskrit: कल्कि), also called Kalkin, is the prophesied tenth and final incarnation of the Hindu god Vishnu. According to Vaishnava cosmology, Kalki is destined to appear at the end of the Kali Yuga, the last of the four ages in the cycle of existence (Krita). His arrival will mark the end of the Kali Yuga and herald the beginning of the Satya Yuga, the most virtuous age, before the ultimate dissolution of the universe (Mahapralaya).

In the Puranas, Kalki is depicted as the avatar who will rejuvenate existence by ending the darkest period of adharma (unrighteousness) and restoring dharma (righteousness). He is described as riding a white horse named Devadatta and wielding a fiery sword. The portrayal of Kalki varies across different Puranas, and his narrative is also found in other traditions, including the Kalachakra-Tantra of Tibetan Buddhism and Sikh texts.
Nicolae Papuc
Nicolae Papuc (born 6 February 1973) is a Romanian modern pentathlete. He represented Romania at the 2000 Summer Olympics held in Sydney, Australia in the men's modern pentathlon and he finished in 21st place.

Romania at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Romania competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. 145 competitors, 71 men and 74 women, took part in 116 events in 16 sports. At the Games, there was some controversy when gymnast Andreea Răducan was stripped of her individual all-around gold medal after testing positive for a stimulant. Răducan had taken cold medicine containing pseudoephedrine given to her by a team doctor.
Guardians of the Galaxy: Cosmic Rewind
Guardians of the Galaxy: Cosmic Rewind is an enclosed roller coaster at Epcot at Walt Disney World, manufactured by Dutch company Vekoma. Based on the Marvel Cinematic Universe Guardians of the Galaxy films, it is the first attraction at Walt Disney World to feature characters from the Marvel Universe. Opened on May 27, 2022, it is Epcot's first roller coaster and Disney's first backwards-launched roller coaster. It replaced the Universe of Energy pavilion, which closed on August 13, 2017.

Originally set to open in 2021, the roller coaster was delayed in part due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on The Walt Disney Company and its theme parks. It was instead given a summer 2022 opening as part of Epcot's 40th anniversary celebration, which in turn was part of Walt Disney World's 50th anniversary celebration. With an estimated cost of $500 million, it is the most expensive amusement park ride ever built.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Walt Disney Company
The Walt Disney Company and its subsidiaries have been variously impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic; the company has business interests in areas that involve mass gatherings (including its theme parks and film releases) and isolation (including its streaming service and U.S. television brands).
National Liberation Front of Angola
The National Front for the Liberation of Angola (Portuguese: Frente Nacional de Libertação de Angola; abbreviated FNLA) is a political party and former militant organisation that fought for Angolan independence from Portugal in the war of independence, under the leadership of Holden Roberto.

Founded in 1954 as the União dos Povos do Norte de Angola guerrilla movement, it was known after 1959 as the União dos Povos de Angola (UPA) guerrilla movement, and from 1961 as the FNLA guerrilla movement.

Ahead of the first multiparty elections in 1992, the FNLA was reorganized as a political party. The FNLA received 2.4% of the votes and had five Members of Parliament elected. In the 2008 parliamentary election, the FNLA received 1.11% of the vote, winning three out of 220 seats.

Abbreviation
An abbreviation (from Latin  brevis 'short') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing full stop (period). For example, the term etc. is the usual abbreviation for the Latin phrase et cetera.
Winners & Losers season 3
The third season of the television drama series Winners & Losers was aired in three parts on the Seven Network in Australia. Season 3A – comprising 13 episodes – aired from 9 July to 25 September 2013 while Season 3B – comprising 13 episodes – aired from 28 January to 24 June 2014, before the immediate start of season 4. It replaced Packed to the Rafters due to the series ending. Season three follows the lives of Jenny, Bec, Sophie and Frances four months on from the death of Bec's husband Matt. Filming for the season began in September 2012 and wrapped in July 2013.

Winners & Losers
Winners & Losers is an Australian television drama series first broadcast on the Seven Network on 22 March 2011. It was created by the producers of Packed to the Rafters and is aired in the show's former time slot. Winners & Losers focuses on the lives of four women living in Melbourne, after they win a large amount of money in the Oz Lotto. Seven renewed Winners & Losers for a second season in July 2011 and it began airing from 26 June 2012. Two months later, it was announced the series had been renewed for a third season. A fourth season was confirmed on 19 December 2013. A fifth season was confirmed on 3 December 2014.

Angus Ross, the Director of Programming at the Seven Network, confirmed in an interview with Australian television blog TV Tonight that the fifth season of Winners & Losers would be the final season. The season premiered on 5 July 2016 and concluded on 12 September 2016.
East Asian Youth Games
The East Asian Youth Games (EAYG) is a continental multi-sport event organised by the East Asian Olympic Committee (EAOC) and held every four years since 2023 among athletes from East Asian countries and territories of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA), as well as the Pacific island of Guam, which is a member of the Oceania National Olympic Committees.

The East Asian Youth Games is currently the only Games held by the East Asian Olympic Committee without a special edition for disabilities (Para Games).

Olympic Council of Asia
The Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) is a governing body of sports in Asia, currently with 45 member National Olympic Committees. Joaan bin Hamad Al Thani has been president of the OCA since 26 January 2026.

The headquarters of the OCA is located at Kuwait City, Kuwait.
Tagreed Darghouth
Tagreed Darghouth (born 1979) is a Lebanese artist.

She was born in Saida and studied painting and sculpting at the Lebanese Institute of Fine Arts in Beirut. She continued her studies at the Ayloul Summer Academy at Darat Al Funoun in Amman with Marwan Kassab Bachi and at the École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs in Paris.

In her art, she deals with uncomfortable subjects such as the obsession of Lebanese young people with cosmetic surgery and the changes in Lebanese society brought on by an influx of imported female domestic help. Her work has appeared in solo and group exhibitions in Beirut, Dubai, Qatar, Amman, Istanbul, Buenos Aires, the United States and France.

Darghouth was awarded first prize by the Cité Internationale Universitaire de Paris at the cm3 competition in 2003.

Sidon
Sidon (/ˈsaɪdən/ SY-dən), or Saida (/ˈsaɪdə, ˈsɑːɪdə/ SY-də, SAH-id-ə; Arabic: صيدا, romanized: Ṣaydā), is the third-largest city in Lebanon. It is located on the Mediterranean coast in the South Governorate, of which it is the capital. Tyre, to the south, and the Lebanese capital of Beirut, to the north, are each about 40 kilometres (25 miles) away. Sidon has a population of about 80,000 within the city limits, while its metropolitan area has more than a quarter-million inhabitants.
Dalai Lama's escape from China
In March 1959, the 14th Dalai Lama escaped from Tibet, together with members of his family and his government. They fled the Chinese authorities, who were suspected of wanting to detain him. From Lhasa, the Tibetan capital, the Dalai Lama and his entourage travelled southwards to Tawang in India, where he was welcomed by the Indian authorities.

Lhasa
Lhasa, officially the Chengguan District of Lhasa City, is the inner urban district of Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region, Southwestern China.

Lhasa is the second most populous urban area on the Tibetan Plateau after Xining and, at an altitude of 3,656 metres (11,990 ft), Lhasa is one of the highest cities in the world. The city has been the religious and administrative capital of Tibet since the mid-17th century. It contains many culturally significant Tibetan Buddhist sites such as the Potala Palace, Jokhang Temple and Norbulingka Palaces. According to the census, the total resident population of the city by the end of 2024 will be 876,400.
Varadero Point
Varadero Point is a point projecting 620 m into Barclay Bay from Robbery Beaches on Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica and forming the west side of the entrance to Baba Tonka Cove.  Dominated by Varadero Hill (116 m).

The point is named descriptively ('Boathouse Point') from being an area where icebergs get stranded.

Byers Peninsula
Byers Peninsula is a mainly ice-free peninsula forming the west end of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. It occupies 60 km2 (23 sq mi), borders Ivanov Beach to the northeast and is separated from Rotch Dome on the east by the ridge of Urvich Wall. The peninsula features more than 60 meltwater streams and as many lakes, notably Midge Lake, Limnopolar Lake and Basalt Lake. Byers Peninsula has a regime of special environmental protection under the Antarctic Treaty System and requires a permit to enter.
Phonemic neurological hypochromium therapy
Phonemic neurological hypochromium therapy (PNHT) is a technique that uses insemination devices to implement chromium (Cr3+) into the hypothalamic regions of the brain. It has been proposed by Dr. Nicole Kim to offset delayed phonemic awareness in children between the ages of 3 and 8. The causes of delayed phonemic awareness have been linked to an inability to break down chromium triastenitephosphate. PNHT has been successfully implemented into in vivo mice with some controversial side effects, including; polydactyly, regurgitation, fatigue, and nausea. While Russia, Poland, and Ukraine have approved this procedure, the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) has not yet granted its approval.

Phonemic awareness
Phonemic awareness is a part of phonological awareness in which listeners are able to hear, identify and manipulate phonemes, the smallest mental units of sound that help to differentiate units of meaning (morphemes). Separating the spoken word "cat" into three distinct phonemes, /k/, /æ/, and /t/, requires phonemic awareness. The National Reading Panel has found that phonemic awareness improves children's word reading and reading comprehension and helps children learn to spell. Phonemic awareness is the basis for learning phonics.

Phonemic awareness and phonological awareness are often confused since they are interdependent. Phonemic awareness is the ability to hear and manipulate individual phonemes. Phonological awareness includes this ability, but it also includes the ability to hear and manipulate larger units of sound, such as onsets and rimes and syllables.
Zelenodol
Zelen dol is a village in Blagoevgrad Municipality, Blagoevgrad Province, Bulgaria. It is situated on the right bank of Struma river 5 kilometers west from Blagoevgrad on the road to Delčevo in North Macedonia.

Blagoevgrad Province
41°45′N 23°15′E﻿ / ﻿41.750°N 23.250°E﻿ / 41.750; 23.250

Blagoevgrad Province (Bulgarian: област Благоевград, oblast Blagoevgrad or Благоевградска област, Blagoevgradska oblast), also known as Pirin Macedonia or Bulgarian Macedonia (Bulgarian: Пиринска Македония; Българска Македония), (Pirinska Makedoniya or Bulgarska Makedoniya) is a province (oblast) of southwestern Bulgaria. It borders four other Bulgarian provinces to the north and east, the Greek region of Macedonia to the south, and North Macedonia to the west. The province has 14 municipalities with 12 towns. Its principal city is Blagoevgrad, while other significant towns include Bansko, Gotse Delchev, Melnik, Petrich, Razlog, Sandanski, and Simitli.