hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nowa Wieś, Gmina Bolesławiec
Nowa Wieś [ˈnɔva ˈvjɛɕ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bolesławiec, within Bolesławiec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

The intersection of Polish A4 and A18 motorways is located nearby, east of the village.

Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo dolnośląskie, [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ dɔlnɔˈɕlɔ̃skjɛ] ⓘ) in southwestern Poland, is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is divided. It covers an area of 19,946 square kilometres (7,701 sq mi) and as of 2019 has a total population of 2,899,986.

It is one of the wealthiest provinces in Poland, as natural resources such as copper, brown coal and rock materials are widely present.

Its capital and largest city is Wrocław, situated on the Oder River. The voivodeship is host to several spa towns, many castles and palaces, and the Giant Mountains, with several ski resorts. For this reason, tourism is a large part of this region's economy.
Domain (Hong Kong shopping centre)
Domain (Chinese: 大本型) is a shopping centre located next to Yau Tong station in Yau Tong, Kwun Tong District, Kowloon, Hong Kong. The shopping centre is serving about 80,000 people in Yau Tong Estate, Yau Lai Estate, Yau Chui Court, Yau Mei Court and Lei Yue Mun Estate. It is the largest one owned by Hong Kong Housing Authority after most of its shopping centre assets were sold to Link REIT in 2005.

Hong Kong Housing Authority
The Hong Kong Housing Authority (HA) is the main provider of public housing in Hong Kong. It was established in April 1973 under the Housing Ordinance and is an agency of the Government of Hong Kong. In the same year, the Resettlement Department and the Building Section of the Urban Services Department were merged to form the Housing Department, which acts as the Housing Authority's executive body.
Edward F. Simms
Edward Francis Simms (March 5, 1871 – December 6, 1938) was an American lawyer, oil industrialist, and owner and breeder of Thoroughbred racehorses about whom a Houston Post obituary said his career was "a saga of American accomplishment."

A graduate of Yale University and the University of Virginia School of Law, at the turn of the 20th Century Simms went to Texas where he made a fortune in oil exploration in the Sour Lake area. While at Yale, he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity. In 1915 he returned to Kentucky where he bought out his brother William's share in Xalapa Farm near Paris, Kentucky, a property they had inherited from their father. Edward Simms would become a successful breeder of Thoroughbred racehorses.

Simms died on December 6, 1938, at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland where he had been undergoing treatment for leukemia. He was buried in Paris Cemetery. He was buried at Glenwood Cemetery.

Delta Kappa Epsilon
Delta Kappa Epsilon (ΔΚΕ), commonly known as DKE or Deke, is one of the oldest fraternities in the United States, with fifty-six active chapters and five active colonies across North America. It was founded at Yale College in 1844 by fifteen sophomores who were discontented with the existing fraternity order on campus. The men established a fellowship where the candidate most favored was "he who combined in the most equal proportions the Gentleman, the Scholar, and the Jolly Good Fellow."
Stalin (Scheme implementation)
In computing, Stalin (STAtic Language ImplementatioN) is a programming language, an aggressive optimizing batch whole-program Scheme compiler written by Jeffrey Mark Siskind. It uses advanced data flow analysis and type inference and a variety of other optimization methods to produce code. Stalin is intended for production use in generating an optimized executable.

The compiler runs slowly, with little or no support for debugging or other niceties. Full R4RS Scheme is supported, with a few minor and rarely encountered omissions. Interfacing to external C libraries is straightforward. The compiler does lifetime analysis and hence does not generate as much garbage as might be expected, but global reclamation of storage is done using the Boehm garbage collector.

The name is a joke: "Stalin brutally optimizes."

Stalin is free and open-source software, licensed under a GNU General Public License (GPL), and is available online.

Debugging
In engineering, debugging is the process of finding the root cause, workarounds, and possible fixes for bugs.

For software, debugging tactics can involve interactive debugging, control flow analysis, log file analysis, monitoring at the application or system level, memory dumps, and profiling. Many programming languages and software development tools also offer programs to aid in debugging, known as debuggers.
Mouad Ouites
Mouad Ouites is an Algerian karateka. He represented Algeria at the 2019 African Games and he won one of the bronze medals in the men's team kata event.

In 2018, he competed in the men's individual kata event at the World Karate Championships held in Madrid, Spain.

In 2019, he also competed at the African Beach Games held in Sal, Cape Verde where he won the silver medal in the men's individual kata event. He also won the gold medal in the men's team kata event.

At the 2019 African Karate Championships, he won one of the bronze medals in the men's individual kata event. In 2021, he won the silver medal in the men's team kata event at the African Karate Championships held in Cairo, Egypt.

2019 African Games
The 12th African Games (Arabic: الألعاب الإفريقية الثانية عشرة), also known as Rabat 2019 (Arabic: الرباط 2019), were held from 19 to 31 August 2019 in Rabat, Morocco. This was the first time that the African Games were hosted by Morocco following the country's readmission to the African Union in January 2017.

Later five Egyptian athletes (Abderrahmane Al Sayed, Ibrahim Moustafa, Samar Hossein, Sara Ahmed Samir, Farag Salma) were disqualified due to anti-doping violations.
194 Prokne
194 Prokne is a main-belt asteroid that was discovered by German-American astronomer C. H. F. Peters on March 21, 1879, in Clinton, New York, and named after Procne, the sister of Philomela in Greek mythology. Stellar occultations by Prokne have been observed twice, in 1984 from Italy and again in 1999 from Iowa (United States).

Observations from the W. M. Keck Observatory show the asteroid to be around 151 km across, with a size ratio of 1.13±0.06 between the major and minor axes. For comparison, observations by the IRAS observatory gave a diameter of 164 km. The spectrum matches a classification of a C-type asteroid, indicating it has a primitive carbonaceous composition. Judging from radar data, the near surface solid density of the asteroid is 3.6+1.1−0.9 g cm−3.

Based upon a light curve that was generated from photometric observations of this asteroid at Pulkovo Observatory, it has a rotation period of 15.679±0.001 hours and varies in brightness by 0.16±0.02 in magnitude.

W. M. Keck Observatory
The W. M. Keck Observatory is an astronomical observatory with two telescopes at an elevation of 4,145 meters (13,600 ft) near the summit of Mauna Kea in the U.S. state of Hawaii. Both telescopes have 10 m (33 ft) aperture primary mirrors, and, when completed in 1993 (Keck I) and 1996 (Keck II), they were the largest optical reflecting telescopes in the world. They have been the third and fourth largest since 2006.
Seven Secretaries of the SKOJ
The Seven Secretaries of the SKOJ (Serbo-Croatian: Седам секретара СКОЈ-а, Sedam sekretara SKOJ-a; Slovene: Sedem sekretarjev SKOJ-a) is a group label for seven leaders of the League of Communist Youth of Yugoslavia (SKOJ) who were all secretaries of its Central Committee in the 1920s, during the harsh persecution of the Communists in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. All seven were killed by the royal police or died in prison during the 6 January Dictatorship between June 1929 and October 1931. After World War II, during the period of Communist rule in Yugoslavia, they were praised as heroes and many schools, streets and other institutions were named "Seven Secretaries of the SKOJ". The seven secretaries were: Josip Debeljak, Josip Kolumbo, Paja Marganović, Janko Mišić, Mijo Oreški, Pero Popović Aga and Zlatko Šnajder.

Sverdlov Communist University
The Sverdlov Communist University (Russian: Коммунистический университет имени Я. М. Свердлова) was a school for Soviet activists in Moscow, founded in 1918 as the Central School for Soviet and Party Work. After the death of the Bolshevik leader Yakov Sverdlov, the institution was named after him. Its founding rector was Vladimir Nevsky.
Mitch Hyatt
Mitch Hyatt (born February 6, 1997) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive tackle for the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Clemson Tigers, earning consensus All-American honors in 2018.

Georgia High School Association
The Georgia High School Association (GHSA) is an organization that attempts to govern athletics and activities for member high schools in the U.S. state of Georgia. GHSA is a member of the National Federation of State High School Associations. The association has 463 public and private high schools as members. GHSA organizes all sports and academic competitions as well as overseeing registration, training, and approves local area sports officials associations to administer regional athletics and activities per member schools.
Disabled Wintersport Australia
Disabled Wintersport Australia (DWA) was established in 1978 as the Australian Disabled Skiers Federation. Its current mission is "to promote and foster the advancement of participation by people with a disability in wintersport both in Australia and overseas". DWA is a member of the Australian Paralympic Committee. DWA plays a major role in the development of Australian athletes that compete at the Winter Paralympics.

Adrienne Smith (sport administrator)
Adrienne Mary Elise Smith OAM (19 January 1934 – 20 February 2012) was a leading Australian  sport administrator. She played a significant role in the establishment of the Australian Paralympic Federation in 1990.
Hans Van de Bovenkamp
Hans Van de Bovenkamp (born 1938) is a Dutch-born American sculptor. Van de Bovenkamp was born in Garderen, Holland in 1938 and immigrated to the United States in 1958. He is best known for his large scale abstract work in bronze, stainless steel, painted steel, and aluminum. Van de Bovenkamp's works are often influenced by myth, symbol, and nature. He is a member of the International Sculpture Center, the New York Sculptors Guild, and the Royal Society of British Sculptors.

Sculptors Guild
Sculptors Guild, a society of sculptors who banded together to promote public interest in contemporary sculpture, was founded in 1937. Signatories to the original corporation papers (Sculptors Guild, Inc.) were Sonia Gordon Brown, Berta Margoulies, Aaron Goodelman, Chaim Gross (who became the first President), Minna Harkavy, Milton Horn, Concetta Scaravaglione, Warren Wheelock, and William Zorach. The inaugural exhibition of the Guild was held April 12 – May 31, 1938, on a vacant lot at Park Avenue and 39th St. This outdoor exhibit, the first of its kind in New York City, hosted 40,000 visitors paying an admission price of ten cents to view the work. Owing to the tremendous success of this first exhibit, the Brooklyn Museum held an exhibition of contemporary American sculpture by Guild members, October 21- November 27, 1938.
Frustration Falls
Frustration Falls, is a three drop waterfall located on the Salmon River at the south skirt of the Mount Hood National Forest, in Clackamas County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is located in a privileged area where the river creates several waterfalls: Final Falls, Vanishing Falls, Little Niagara Falls, and Copper Creek Falls are within a mile from Frustration Falls; while Hideaway Falls, Split Falls, and Stein Falls are approximately two miles away.

The cascade and its river trail are surrounded by forest of Douglas fir, western hemlock, red cedar, bigleaf maple, red alder and black cottonwood trees.

Tsuga heterophylla
Tsuga heterophylla, the western hemlock or western hemlock-spruce, is a species of hemlock. It typically grows to 70 metres (230 feet) tall and is long-lived at high elevations. Native to the northwest coast of North America, it is a source of timber, tannin, and edible cambium.
Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. v Cadbury UK Limited
Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. v Cadbury UK Limited is a trademark law case decision by the High Court of Justice, Court of Chancery, in the United Kingdom. The Court held that a specific shade of the colour purple (Pantone 2685C) was registrable as a trademark for the following goods: milk chocolate in bar and tablet form; milk chocolate for eating; drinking chocolate; preparations for making drinking chocolate.

However the ruling was overturned by a court of appeal in October 2014.

Pantone
Pantone LLC (stylized as PANTONE) is an American limited liability company headquartered in Carlstadt, New Jersey, and best known for its Pantone Matching System (PMS), a proprietary color naming system used in a variety of industries, notably graphic design, fashion design, product design, textile industry, printing, as well as manufacturing and supporting the management of color from design to production, in physical and digital formats, across coated paper and uncoated paper stocks, as well as cotton, polyester, nylon and plastics.

The company is a subsidiary of X-Rite, which is a subsidiary of Veralto.
Ibn an-Nawwahah
Abdullah ibn an-Nawwahah (عبدالله إبن النواحة) was a messenger sent by Musaylimah, a claimant to prophethood active in the Yamamah region during the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He is primarily known for delivering a message from Musaylimah to Muhammad and for his later execution following Muhammad's death.

Banu Hanifa
Banu Hanifa (Arabic: بنو حنيفة) is an ancient Arab tribe inhabiting the area of al-Yamama in the central region of modern-day Saudi Arabia.  The tribe belongs to the great Rabi'ah branch of North Arabian tribes, which also included  Abdul Qays, Taghlib, al-Nammir ibn Qasit, and Anazzah. Though counted by the classical Arab genealogists as a Christian branch of Bani Bakr, they led an independent existence prior to Islam. The ruling House of Saud of Saudi Arabia are Hanifites.
The Stooges (album)
The Stooges is the debut studio album by American rock band the Stooges, released on August 5, 1969, by Elektra Records. Considered a landmark proto-punk release, the album peaked at number 106 on the US Billboard Top 200 Albums chart. The tracks "I Wanna Be Your Dog" and "1969" were released as singles; "1969" was featured on Rolling Stone's list of the "100 Greatest Guitar Songs" at number 35. In 2020, the album was ranked number 488 on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.

Jac Holzman
Jac Holzman (born September 15, 1931) is an American record executive. He is the founder of the record labels Elektra Records and Nonesuch Records. Holzman helped commercially launch the CD and home video formats, as well as the pilot program which became MTV. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2011.
Stephan Kullberg
Stephan Svante Walter Kullberg (born 10 January 1959) is a Swedish former football defender. He played for Åtvidabergs FF, IFK Göteborg, Djurgårdens IF, IF Brommapojkarna and Gimonäs CK.

Kullberg played two matches for the Sweden national under-16 football team and then 16 matches for the Sweden national under-21 football team, in which he scored one goal.

Stephen Kullberg is the father of Swedish footballers Emma and Sanna Kullberg, where Sanna also represented Djurgården.

Sweden men's national under-17 football team
The Sweden men's national under-17 football team (Swedish: svenska pojklandslaget i fotboll) is the football team representing Sweden in competitions for under-17-year-old players. Primarily, it competes to qualify for the annual UEFA European Under-17 Championship.

In the 2013 UEFA European Under-17 Championship, Sweden reached the semi-finals where they were knocked out on penalties by Russia. In the 2013 FIFA U-17 World Cup they finished in third place after beating Argentina with 4–1 in the third-place match. Valmir Berisha scored three goals in the match and thus became the top scorer of the tournament.
Brienne Stairs
Brienne Stairs (born 22 December 1989) is a Canadian women's field hockey player.

Stairs first represented Canada in 2011, and has become a mainstay in the national team since. She has competed at two Pan American Games and two Pan American Cup's taking home a bronze medal from each.

Following the 2017 Pan American Cup, Stairs was named in the 2017 Pan American Elite Team by the Pan American Hockey Federation.

Pan American Hockey Federation
The Pan American Hockey Federation is the field and Indoor hockey federation for the Americas. It consists of 30 Members. It is associated with the International Hockey Federation and hosts several continental competitions for national teams.
Dmitry Yakovlevich Popov
Dmitry Yakovlevich Popov (pseudonyms — D. Punimov and D. Ya. Podov, Russian: Дми́трий Я́ковлевич Попо́в; May 3, 1863, Vologda Governorate — October 9, 1921, Komi-Zyryan Autonomous Oblast) was a priest and revolutionary, who was expelled from the seminary because of his alcoholism. Later he became a head of a parochial school and a censor of translations from Komi language - he also wrote poems in this language. Popov was a deputy of the Fourth Imperial Duma from the Vologda Governorate between 1912 and 1917. During the February Revolution, he blessed revolutionary troops in front of Tauride Palace. After October 1917, he supported the bolsheviks, for which he was laicization of clergy. Later he became a member of the Komi-autonomist party and was accused of anti-Soviet activities.

Komi language
Komi (коми кыв, komi kyv, IPA: [komi kɨv] ⓘ), also known as Zyran, Zyrian or Komi-Zyryan (зыран коми кыв, zyran komi kyv), is the native language of the Komi (Zyrians). It is one of the Permic languages; the other regional varieties are Komi-Permyak, which has official status, and Komi-Yazva.

Komi is spoken in the Komi Republic and other parts of Russia such as Nenetsia and Yamalia. There were 285,000 speakers in 1994, which decreased to 160,000 in 2010.

It was formerly written in the Old Permic script created by Stephen of Perm for liturgical purposes in the 14th century, though very few texts exist in this script. The Cyrillic script was introduced by Russian missionaries in the 17th century, replacing it. A tradition of secular works of literature in the modern form of the language dates back to the 19th century.
Rudzie
Rudzie [ˈrud͡ʑɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gołdap, within Gołdap County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) south of Gołdap and 130 km (81 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn. It is located in the historic region of Masuria.

In the late 19th century, the village had a population of 230, of mixed Polish, German, and Jewish ethnicity. In 1938, during a massive campaign of renaming of placenames, the Nazi government of Germany renamed the village to Rodenstein in attempt to erase traces of Polish origin. After Germany's defeat in World War II, in 1945, the village became again part of Poland and its historic Polish name was restored.

1938 changing of place names in East Prussia
On 16 July 1938, more than 1500 place names in East Prussia were changed, following a decree issued by Gauleiter and Oberpräsident Erich Koch and initiated by Adolf Hitler. Most of the names affected were of Old Prussian, Lithuanian and Polish origin; they were either eliminated, Germanized, or simplified. Similar geographical renaming also took place in other parts of Nazi Germany.
Metallarcha beatalis
Metallarcha beatalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Cajetan Felder, Rudolf Felder and Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer in 1875. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia.

Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer
Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer (22 December 1831, in Vienna – 15 January 1897, in Vienna) was an Austrian entomologist. He was a curator at the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna, where he was the first keeper of the Lepidoptera. Rogenhofer was mainly interested in Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera.

Rogenhoer studied law in Vienna but after passing the law exam he worked as a volunteer in the zoological museum becoming an assistant in 1860 and a curator in 1867. He described a number of species of lepidoptera, particularly those collected on the Novara expedition. Beside him Josef Mann (1804-1889) worked as a keen technician and collector for the benefits of the museum. Mann described many species of Lepidoptera new to science focussing on Microlepidoptera.
Southwest Michigan Council
Southwestern Michigan Council  is a defunct local council of the Boy Scouts of America that served youth in Kalamazoo, Michigan serving Northern Van Buren County, Kalamazoo County, St. Joseph County, Branch County, and Western Calhoun County

Kalamazoo County, Michigan
Kalamazoo County (/ˌkæləməˈzuː/ KAL-ə-mə-ZOO) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of 2020, the population was 261,670. The county seat is Kalamazoo. Kalamazoo County is included in the Kalamazoo–Portage, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Azhagiya Asura
Azhagiya Asura (transl. Beautiful Demon) is a 2006 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film written and directed by Nagu. The film stars Yogi, Regina Cassandra and Nanditha Jennifer, while Krishna, Krish, Sampath Raj, and Vaiyapuri play supporting roles. Featuring music composed by Brahma, the film was released on 22 December 2006. The film's title was taken from a song from Whistle (2003).

Sampath Raj
Sampath Raj (born 25 December 1968) is an Indian actor who works predominantly in Tamil and Telugu films, in addition to Kannada and Malayalam films.

He is best known for his appearances in director Venkat Prabhu's trilogy, which includes Chennai 600028, Saroja, and Goa. In addition to these films, he has played supporting roles in various other projects, often portraying negative characters. He won the Nandi Award for Best Villain for his performance in Mirchi (2013). After a sabbatical, he returned to Kannada cinema with Shourya (2010).
James Meston (musician)
James Meston (born 1975) is an Australian, Adelaide-based radio producer, announcer and podcaster. He has produced and co-announced the 'Arch D Radio' show on 1079 Life FM since 2011, and produced a number of series of podcasts related to Catholic education and Catholic spirituality since 2019.

From 1993 to 2017 he was a blues guitarist with the stage name "Sweet Baby James", who was named as Official Ambassador of the 2007 Australian Blues Festival. He has played onstage with Jeff Healey and Sue Foley.

In 1997, he moved to London, England, and regularly worked with David Hadley-Ray, Pete Brown and a short stint with The Big Town Playboys, filling in for regular guitarist Andy Fairweather Low while he was on tour with Eric Clapton in 1998.

Meston worked as both a trio and, from 2002, as a duo with drummer Rob Eyers in Sweet Baby James and Rob Eyers. They released a 2005 album Rhythm 'n' Blues (Black Market Music), followed in 2010 with Double Voodoo Blues.

Sue Foley
Sue Foley (born March 29, 1968) is a Canadian multi-award-winning blues guitarist and singer/songwriter known for her fiery Texas blues style and refined acoustic touch. A five-time Blues Music Award winner for Traditional Blues Female,   and a Juno recipient, she has shared the stage with musicians including B.B. King and Buddy Guy. In 2024 she released One Guitar Woman: A Tribute to The Female Pioneers of Guitar which earned a 2025 Grammy Award nomination for Best Traditional Blues Album. Foley also holds a PhD in Musicology, and is the author of the forthcoming book Guitar Women, exploring the lives and legacies of trailblazing female guitarists.