hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sébastien Bubeck
Sébastien Bubeck (born April 16, 1985) is a French-American computer scientist. He was Microsoft's Vice President of Applied Research,  Distinguished Scientist, and led the Machine Learning Foundations group at Microsoft Research Redmond. Bubeck was formerly professor at Princeton University and a researcher at the University of California, Berkeley. He is known for his contributions to online learning, optimization and more recently studying deep neural networks, and in particular transformer models. Since 2024, he works for OpenAI.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
2002 Challenge Bell – Doubles
Samantha Reeves and Adriana Serra Zanetti were the defending champions, but Serra Zanetti decided not to participate this year.

Reeves partnered with Jessica Steck and successfully defended her title, defeating María Emilia Salerni and Fabiola Zuluaga 4–6, 6–3, 7–5 in the final.

Adriana Serra Zanetti
Adriana Serra Zanetti (born 5 March 1976; Italian pronunciation: [adriˈaːna ˈsɛrra ddzaˈnetti]) is an Italian former tennis player.

On 11 February 2002, she achieved her career-high singles ranking of world No. 38. On 17 June 2002, she peaked at No. 69 in the doubles rankings. In her career, she won three WTA Tour doubles titles, as well as one singles ITF title.

Serra Zanetti reached one Grand Slam quarterfinal in singles, at the 2002 Australian Open.

Her younger sister Antonella is also a tennis player.

Adriana Serra Zanetti retired from the professional tour 2007.
Carl Owens
Carl Owens (1929 – December 11, 2002) was an American artist born in Detroit, Michigan. His professional experience in the Art began as an illustrator in the U.S. Army. Later, he taught art in the Detroit Public Schools and served as staff artist for the school system. He was a member of the National Conference of Artists and worked as a self-employed artist from 1968 until his death.

In addition to numerous private collections, his fine art has been on exhibition at: The Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; The Minneapolis Institute of Arts; The Art Institute of Chicago; the M. H. de Young Memorial Museum, San Francisco; the Detroit Institute of Arts; the Cincinnati Art Museum; the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC; the North American Black Historical Museum, Ontario, Canada; the Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History, Detroit, Michigan; and the Detroit Historical Museum.

Minneapolis Institute of Art
The Minneapolis Institute of Art (Mia) is an art museum located in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. Home to more than 100,000 works of art representing 5,000 years of world history, Mia is one of the largest art museums in the United States. Its permanent collection spans about 5,000 years and represents the world's diverse cultures across six continents. The museum has five curatorial areas: Arts of Global Africa, Global Contemporary Art, Asian Art, European Art, and Arts of the Americas.

More than a half-million people visit the museum each year, and a hundred thousand more are reached through the museum's Art Adventure program for elementary schoolchildren. The museum has a free general admission policy, as well as public programs, classes for children and adults, and interactive media programs.
Drug-related crime
A drug-related crime is a crime to possess, manufacture, or distribute drugs classified as having a potential for abuse (such as cocaine, heroin, morphine and amphetamines). Drugs are also related to crime as drug trafficking and drug production are often controlled by drug cartels, organised crime and gangs. Some drug-related crime involves crime against the person such as robbery or sexual assaults.

Gang
A gang is a group or society of associates, friends, or members of a family with a defined leadership and internal organization that identifies with or claims control over territory in a community and engages, either individually or collectively, in illegal, and possibly violent, behavior, with such behavior often constituting a form of organized crime.
Baby Shark's Big Show!
Baby Shark's Big Show! is an animated musical comedy children's television series based on the "Baby Shark" brand from The Pinkfong Company. Nickelodeon Animation Studio co-produces the show with Pinkfong.

In South Korea, Baby Shark's Big Show! debuted on the Educational Broadcasting System (EBS) with a Christmas special on December 25, 2020. From September 2021 onward, the series airs regularly on EBS1 on Wednesdays and Thursdays. In the United States, it premiered on Nickelodeon on December 11, 2020.

Chloe Fineman
Chloe Rose Fineman (born July 20, 1988) is an American actress and comedian. She became a featured player on the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live (SNL) starting in its 45th season in September 2019, and was promoted to repertory status in 2021 at the beginning of season 47.
Dansili
Dansili (27 January 1996 – 22 December 2021) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse. He won five races, including the Prix du Muguet. After retiring from racing he became a successful stallion, with his progeny including Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe winner Rail Link and King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes winner Harbinger. He also became Champion sire in France in 2006.

King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes
The King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Ascot over a distance of 1 mile 3 furlongs and 211 yards (2,406 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in July.

It is Britain's most prestigious open-age flat race, and its roll of honour features some of the most highly acclaimed horses of the sport's recent history. The 1975 running, which involved a hard-fought battle to the finish between Grundy and Bustino, is frequently described as the "race of the century". Many of its winners subsequently compete in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, and a number go on to have a successful career at stud. The race is often informally referred to as the "King George".
Ibrayım Yusupov
Ibroyim Yusupov (Karakalpak: Ibrayım Yusupov; 5 May 1929 – 24 July 2008) was a Soviet, Karakalpak and Uzbek poet, teacher, translator and playwright. He was the People’s Poet of Uzbekistan and Karakalpakstan. He was also the Hero of Uzbekistan (2004).

He was the author of the text of the State Anthem of the Republic of Karakalpakstan.

Uzbeks
The Uzbeks (Uzbek: Oʻzbeklar; Ўзбеклар; اۉزبېکلر‎) are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, being the largest Turkic ethnic group in the area. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, next to Tajiks and Karakalpak minorities, and also form minority groups in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Russia, and China. Uzbek diaspora communities also exist in Turkey, Saudi Arabia, United States, Ukraine, Pakistan, and other countries.
Louise Elisabeth de Meuron
Louise Elisabeth de Meuron (22 August 1882 – 22 May 1980), known as Madame de Meuron, was a well-known eccentric Swiss aristocrat from Bern. She owned several houses in the Bernese old town as well as the alpine meadowland known as Rämisgummen above Eggiwil. In addition, she inherited Amsoldingen Castle from her father and Rümligen Castle from her mother, the latter being her main residence for many years.

Eccentricity (behavior)
Eccentricity (also called quirkiness) is an unusual or odd behavior on the part of an individual. This behavior would typically be perceived as unusual or unnecessary, without being demonstrably maladaptive. Eccentricity is contrasted with normal behavior, the nearly universal means by which individuals in society solve given problems and pursue certain priorities in everyday life. People who consistently display benignly eccentric behavior are labeled as "eccentrics".
The Grasshopper and the Ant (1913 film)
The Grasshopper and the Ant (Russian: Стрекоза и муравей) is a 1913 Russian  silent short animated film directed and written by Ladislas Starevich. The film is based on the classic fable by the same name by the Greek fabulist Aesop as adapted by I. Krylov. A copy of the film was presented to Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia as a gift.

Though the Russian title literally translates to "The Dragonfly and the Ant", the insect depicted is a grasshopper; the word "стрекоза" was used for both species in the 19th century, when Krylov's adaptation was published.

Ivan Krylov
Ivan Andreyevich Krylov (/ˈkrɪlɒf/; Russian: Ива́н Андре́евич Крыло́в; 13 February 1769 – 21 November 1844) is Russia's best-known fabulist and probably the most epigrammatic of all Russian authors. Formerly a dramatist and journalist, he only discovered his true genre at the age of 40. While many of his earlier fables were loosely based on Aesop's and La Fontaine's, later fables were original work, often with a satirical bent.
161st Intelligence Squadron
The 161st Intelligence Squadron (161 IS) is a unit of the 184th Wing of the Kansas Air National Guard stationed at McConnell Air Force Base, Wichita, Kansas.  The 161st is a non-flying squadron operating the Distributed Common Ground System.

Kansas Air National Guard
The Kansas Air National Guard (KS ANG) is the aerial militia of the State of Kansas, United States of America. It is a reserve of the United States Air Force and along with the Kansas Army National Guard, an element of the Kansas National Guard.

As state militia units, the units in the Kansas Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Kansas through the office of the Adjutant General of Kansas unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States.  The Kansas Air National Guard is headquartered in Topeka, and its commander is currently Brigadier General Bradley S. Link.
2023–24 Egyptian Premier League
The 2023–24 Egyptian Premier League was the 65th season of the Egyptian Premier League, the top professional league for association football clubs in the Egyptian football league system, since its establishment in 1948. Fixtures for the 2023–24 season were announced on 11 September 2023. Al Ahly were the defending champions.

The season started on 18 September 2023, and concluded on 18 August 2024.

Al Ahly successfully defended their title and won the league on 8 August 2024 following a 1–0 away win against Smouha, winning a record-extending 44th league title.

ZED FC
ZED Football Club (Arabic: نادي زد لكرة القدم), formerly known as FC Masr, is an Egyptian professional football club based in Giza, Egypt. The club currently plays in the Egyptian Premier League, the highest tier in the Egyptian football league system.

The club was known as FC Masr since its establishment in 2009 until 24 November 2020, when ZED Egypt acquired the club and renamed it to ZED FC prior to the start of the 2020–21 season in Egypt. They previously played in the Egyptian Premier League only once during the 2019–20 season under the name of FC Masr; their last season under that name.
Tripidium
Tripidium is a genus of flowering plant in the Poaceae (or grass) family of plants. The genus is native to southern Europe, North Africa, and parts of Asia with the native distribution of genus extending from the western parts of Mediterranean (including Spain and Morocco) and Western Sahara, to the Korean peninsula and the island of New Guinea at the eastern-most extent of its distribution.

The genus name was first published by Hildemar Wolfgang Scholz in 2006 as a replacement for the illegitimate name Ripidium.

Nomen novum
In biological nomenclature, a nomen novum (Latin for "new name"), replacement name (or new replacement name, new substitute name, substitute name) is a replacement scientific name that is created when technical, nomenclatural reasons have made it impossible to continue using the previous name (for example because it was discovered to be a homonym – spelled the same as an existing, older name). Nomen novum does not apply when a name is changed for taxonomic reasons alone. It is frequently abbreviated, e.g. nomen nov., nom. nov..
Thomas & Friends series 8
Thomas & Friends is a children's television series about the engines and other characters working on the railways of the Island of Sodor, and is based on The Railway Series books written by Wilbert Awdry.

This article lists and details episodes from the eighth series of the show, which was first broadcast in 2004. This series was narrated by Michael Angelis for the United Kingdom audiences, while Michael Brandon narrated the episodes for the United States audiences.

This was the first series produced solely by HIT Entertainment.

Michael Brandon
Michael Brandon (born Michael Feldman; April 20, 1945) is an American character actor. He is known for his role as James Dempsey in the British drama series Dempsey and Makepeace (1985–1986) and narrating the American dub of the children's television series Thomas & Friends (2004–2013). His theatre credits include the original Broadway production of Does a Tiger Wear a Necktie? (1969), and Jerry Springer in the West End production of Jerry Springer: The Opera (2003–2004).

Brandon has starred in films including Lovers and Other Strangers (1970), Jennifer on My Mind (1971), Four Flies on Grey Velvet (1971), FM (1978), Promises in the Dark (1979), A Change of Seasons (1980), Rich and Famous (1981) and Captain America: The First Avenger (2011). He also acted in the TV movies The Third Girl from the Left (1973), Queen of the Stardust Ballroom (1975), James Dean (1976), Deadly Messages (1985), The Lost Battalion (2001) and Hawking (2004).
German ship Augsburg
A number of German ships have been named Augsburg for the city of Augsburg:

German corvette Augsburg of the Braunschweig class.

German frigate Augsburg (F213) of the Bremen class.

German frigate Augsburg (F222) of the Köln class.

SMS Augsburg, a Kolberg-class cruiser of the Imperial German Navy.

SS Augsburg, a cargo steamship that disappeared at sea in 1912.

German frigate Augsburg (F213)
Augsburg is a Bremen-class frigate of the German Navy. The vessel was laid down in April 1987 by Bremer Vulkan, in Bremen, Germany and launched on 17 September 1987. The vessel was commissioned on 3 October 1989. The ship has been deployed as part of Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa and Operation Atalanta in the Middle East and Indian Ocean and has seen service in the Mediterranean Sea. The vessel is currently based at Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
Human rights in France
Human rights in France are contained in the preamble of the Constitution of the French Fifth Republic, founded in 1958, and the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. France has also ratified the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as well as the European Convention on Human Rights 1960 and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (2000). All these international law instruments take precedence on national legislation. However, human rights abuses take place nevertheless. The state of detention centres for unauthorized migrants who have received an order of deportation has also been criticized.

Immigration detention
Immigration detention is the policy and practice of incarcerating both foreign national asylum seekers/refugees and immigrants — whether suspected of unauthorized arrival, illegal entry, visa violations, as well as those subject to deportation and removal — in detention centers for the purpose of immigration control, until a decision is made by immigration authorities to grant a visa and release them into the community, or to repatriate them to their country of departure. Mandatory detention refers to the practice of compulsorily detaining or imprisoning people who are considered to be illegal immigrants or unauthorized arrivals into a country. Some countries have set a maximum period of detention, while others permit indefinite detention.
Animation on Fox
The American television network Fox has aired numerous animated television series. During the more than thirty-year existence of the network, there have been many successful prime time animated series. The first and most famous of these, The Simpsons, was the first such series since the end of The Flintstones in the 1960s.

Grimsburg
Grimsburg is an American animated sitcom created by Catlan McClelland and Matthew Schlissel for the Fox Broadcasting Company. Before its first-season premiere, the series was renewed for a second season in October 2022. The series premiered on the Animation Domination programming block on January 7, 2024. The first season concluded on May 12, 2024 and the second season premiered on February 16, 2025. The second season concluded on July 17, 2025. In May 2025, the series was renewed for a third season.
Manikarnikeswarar Temple
Manikarnikeswarar Temple is a Hindu temple located in the town of Thanjavur, India. The temple was constructed by Serfoji II in 1827. The principal deity is Manikarnikeswarar and the goddess, Mangala Nayaki Amman.

Serfoji II
Serfoji II (Tamil: இரண்டாம் சரபோஜி ராஜா போன்ஸ்லே, Marathi: शरभोजी राजे भोसले (दुसरे)) (24 September 1777 – 7 March 1832), also known as Sarabhoji II Bhonsle, was the last sovereign ruler of the Maratha principality of Thanjavur. He ruled from 1787 to 1793, and again from 1798 until his death in 1832. He was adopted by the previous ruler, Thulaja, and was subsequently nominated as his successor.

During his reign, administrative powers were transferred to the British East India Company, rendering him and his descendants titular Maharajas of Thanjavur. He belonged to the Maratha Bhonsle dynasty.

Serfoji II is remembered for his patronage of art and culture, as well as for his notable contributions to the field of ophthalmology.
Euryomyrtus patrickiae
Euryomyrtus patrickiae is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.

The low rounded shrub typically grows to a height of 0.3 metres (1.0 ft). It is found on rises in the Mid West and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia where it grows in stony loam and sandy soils.

Goldfields–Esperance
31°S 123°E﻿ / ﻿31°S 123°E﻿ / -31; 123

The Goldfields–Esperance region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia. It is located in the south-eastern corner of Western Australia, and comprises the local government areas of Coolgardie, Dundas, Esperance, Kalgoorlie–Boulder, Laverton, Leonora, Menzies, Ngaanyatjarraku, Ravensthorpe and Wiluna.

It also incorporates the area along the Great Australian Bight to the South Australian border known as the Nullarbor Plain.
Centerplate
Centerplate, Inc. is a food and beverage corporation serving entertainment venues in North America, and the UK.

Centerplate, formerly known as Volume Services America, Inc., was originally a division of Canteen Corp. In 1995, it was sold to Flagstar, controlled by private equity firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts (KKR), which then sold Volume Services to The Blackstone Group after Flagstar filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Volume Services changed its name to Centerplate in 2004 when the company completed an IPO. In 2009, Centerplate again became a private company following its merger with an affiliate of Kohlberg & Company.  In 2012, Centerplate was acquired by a consortium of investors including members of the then current management team as well as private equity firm Olympus Partners. In 2017, Centerplate was acquired by food services company Sodexo.

Kohlberg & Company
Kohlberg, formerly known as Kohlberg & Company, L.L.C, is an American private equity firm that focuses on leveraged buyout transactions. Founded by investor Jerome Kohlberg, Jr., the firm invests in a variety of transactions including leveraged carveout, take-private transactions, and acquisitions of privately held companies.

Kohlberg & Company is headquartered in Mount Kisco, New York.
Lexington and Ohio Railroad (1996–2003)
The Lexington and Ohio Railroad (reporting mark LXOH) was a shortline railroad formerly operating between a connection with Norfolk Southern at Lexington to Versailles, Kentucky, about 15 miles (24 km). Upon its 1996 startup the railroad was a Gulf & Ohio subsidiary, the railroad was later sold R.J. Corman Railroad Group, who has operated the line as R. J. Corman Railroad/Central Kentucky Lines since 2003.

Reporting mark
A reporting mark is a code used to identify owners or lessees of rolling stock and other equipment used on certain rail transport networks.  The code typically reflects the name or identifying number of the owner, lessee, or operator of the equipment, similar to IATA airline designators.

In North America, the mark, which consists of an alphabetic code of two to four letters, is stenciled on each piece of equipment, along with a one- to six-digit number. This information is used to uniquely identify every such rail car or locomotive, thus allowing it to be tracked by the railroad it is traveling over, which shares the information with other railroads and customers.  In multinational registries, a code indicating the home country may also be included.
Joseph C. Hough Jr.
Joseph Carl Hough Jr. was an ordained minister in the United Church of Christ and served as the interim president of Claremont Graduate University in Claremont, California from 2009 to 2010. He was an author, coauthor, and editor of several books.

Hough was the fifteenth president of Union Theological Seminary in the City of New York where he served for 9 years.  He served as the William E. Dodge Professor of Social Ethics Emeritus.

Hough also worked with Vanderbilt University and Claremont School of Theology.

Claremont School of Theology
Claremont School of Theology (CST) is a private graduate school focused on religion and theology and located in Los Angeles, California. It is one of the thirteen official theological schools of the United Methodist Church, and also has close relationships with a variety of other faith traditions and Protestant denominations, especially the Disciples of Christ and United Church of Christ, the Episcopal Church, and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.
The Magician (musician)
Stephen Fasano, better known by his stage name The Magician, is a Belgian DJ and record producer from Namur, in Belgium. He is best known for his 2011 remix of Lykke Li's "I Follow Rivers", his single "Sunlight" featuring Years & Years and his 2014 remix of Clean Bandit's "Rather Be" which were worldwide hits. In 2014, he received the Electro award during the Belgian ceremony Les Octaves de la musique. 
His monthly mixtapes called Magic Tapes, which he started releasing in the mid-2010s, feature new dance music from an array of genres.

Lykke Li
Li Lykke Timotej Zachrisson (born 18 March 1986), known as Lykke Li (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈlʏ̂kːɛ ˈliː]), is a Swedish singer, songwriter, model and actress. Her music often blends elements of indie pop, dream pop and electronic. Her debut studio album, Youth Novels, was released in 2008, and has been followed by Wounded Rhymes (2011), I Never Learn (2014), So Sad So Sexy (2018), Eyeye (2022), and The Afterparty (2026). She is best known for her biggest hit single to date, "I Follow Rivers".