hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
German submarine U-953
German submarine U-953 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's navy (Kriegsmarine) during World War II.

The submarine was laid down on 10 February 1942 in the Blohm & Voss yard at Hamburg, launched on 28 October 1942, and commissioned on 17 December 1942 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Karl-Heinz Marbach.

After training with the 5th U-boat Flotilla at Kiel, U-953 was transferred to the 3rd U-boat Flotilla based at La Pallice (in southwestern France), for front-line service on 1 June 1943. She sailed on ten war patrols with no ships sunk. She was transferred to the 33rd U-boat Flotilla on 15 October 1944, under the command of her second skipper, Oberleutnant zur See Herbert Werner, author of the memoir Iron Coffins. U-953 was surrendered at Trondheim in Norway on 9 May 1945.

3rd U-boat Flotilla
The 3rd U-boat Flotilla (German 3. Unterseebootsflottille), also known as  Lohs Flotilla, was the third operational U-boat unit in Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine. Founded on 4 October 1937 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Hans Eckermann, it was named in honour of Oberleutnant zur See Johannes Lohs. Lohs, a U-boat commander during World War I, died on 14 August 1918 after his submarine UB-57 was sunk by a mine.

The flotilla, under the name "Lohs Flotilla", was founded in Kiel in June 1937 and existed until December 1939. The flotilla was re-founded as "3rd Flotilla" in March 1941 with its base in Kiel. In October 1941 the flotilla was moved to La Pallice, La Rochelle in France. In August 1944 the last U-boats left the base for Norway and the flotilla was disbanded in October 1944.
Cynthia Ní Mhurchú
Cynthia Ní Mhurchú (Irish pronunciation: [n̠ʲiː ˈwʊɾˠəxuː]; born 1966) is an Irish Fianna Fáil politician, barrister and former radio host with Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ) who has served as a Member of the European Parliament for the South constituency since July 2024. As a broadcaster, she presented Eurovision Song Contest 1994 in Dublin along with Gerry Ryan.

Carlow
Carlow (/ˈkɑːrloʊ/ KAR-loh; Irish: Ceatharlach [ˈcahəɾˠl̪ˠəx]) is the county town of County Carlow, in the south-east of Ireland, 84 km (52 mi) from Dublin. At the 2022 census, it had a population of 27,351, the twelfth-largest urban center in Ireland.

The River Barrow flows through the town and forms the historic boundary between counties Laois and Carlow. However, the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 included the town entirely in County Carlow. The settlement of Carlow is thousands of years old and pre-dates written Irish history. The town has played a major role in Irish history, serving as the capital of the country in the 14th century. The town is in a townland and civil parish of the same name.
Lindsay Institute
The Lindsay Institute is a Category B listed building in Lanark, Scotland, which was opened by Sheriff Scott Moncrieff on 25 June 1914 with a free reading room, library and museum.  The building is still in use today and houses the Lanark Library, which is run by South Lanarkshire Leisure and Culture.

Lanark
Lanark (/ˈlænərk/ LAN-ərk; Scottish Gaelic: Lannraig [ˈl̪ˠaun̪ˠɾɪkʲ]; Scots: Lanrik) is a town in South Lanarkshire, Scotland, located 20 kilometres to the south-east of Hamilton. The town lies on the River Clyde, at its confluence with Mouse Water. In 2020, the town had a population of 8,880.

Lanark was a royal burgh from 1140 to 1975, and was historically the county town of Lanarkshire, though in modern times this title belongs to Hamilton. Notable landmarks nearby include New Lanark, the Corra Linn and the site of Lanark Castle.

Lanark railway station and bus interchange have frequent services to Glasgow. There is little industry in Lanark and some residents commute to work in Glasgow and Edinburgh. Its shops serve the local agricultural community and surrounding villages. There is a large modern livestock auction market on the outskirts of the town.
Carugate
Carugate (Lombard: Carugaa [karyˈɡaː]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northeast of Milan.  
Carugate borders the following municipalities: Agrate Brianza, Pongo, Brugherio, Pessano con Bornago, Bussero, Cernusco sul Naviglio.

Lombard language
The Lombard language (Lombard: lombard, lumbard, lumbart or lombart, depending on the orthography; pronunciation: [lumˈbaːrt, lomˈbart]) belongs to the Gallo-Italic group within the Romance languages. It is characterized by a Celtic linguistic substratum and a Lombardic linguistic superstratum and is a cluster of homogeneous dialects that are spoken by millions of speakers in Northern Italy and southern Switzerland.  These include most of Lombardy and some areas of the neighbouring regions, notably the far eastern side of Piedmont and the extreme western side of Trentino, and in Switzerland in the cantons of Ticino and Graubünden. The language is also spoken in Santa Catarina in Brazil by Lombard immigrants from the Province of Bergamo, in Italy.
Eliseo Vivas
Eliseo Vivas (July 13, 1901 – August 28, 1991)  was a 20th-century philosopher and literary theorist.

As a child, his family fled Colombia in response to the presidency of Cipriano Castro. They went to Curacao, then Paris, then, in 1915, to New York City. Vivas served as the Venezuelan consul in Philadelphia, then turned to academia studying or teaching at, among other schools, the University of Wisconsin, the University of Chicago, Ohio State University, Northwestern University, Rockford College, and the University of Iowa.

Vivas's philosophy was essentially conservative, and he relied on poetry as metaphysics while abandoning naturalism. He arrived at his conclusions after trying on many schools, "from Marxism to conservatism, and from naturalism to value realism."

His papers are collected by Northwestern University.

Cipriano Castro
José Cipriano Castro Ruiz (12 October 1858 – 4 December 1924) was a Venezuelan politician and officer of the military who served as president from 1899 to 1908. He was the first man from the Venezuelan Andes to rule the country, and was the first of four military strongmen from the Andean state of Táchira to rule the country over the next 46 years.
Naman, New South Wales
Naman, New South Wales is a bounded rural locality of Coonamble Shire and a civil parish of Gowen County, New South Wales.

The Parish is on the Tunderbrine Creek a tributary of the Castlereagh River and the nearest settlement of the parish is Tooraweenah, New South Wales to the south.

The parish is on the traditional lands of the Weilwan Aboriginal people.

Gowen County
Gowen County is one of the 141 cadastral divisions of New South Wales. It is located to the east of the Castlereagh River in the area to the east of Gilgandra, to Coonabarabran in the north-east. This includes land on both sides of the Newell Highway.

The origin of the name Gowen County is unknown.
Francois P. Giraud
Francois P. Giraud (June 1, 1818, in Charleston – May 8, 1877, in San Antonio), also known as Francis P. Giraud, was an American politician. He was mayor of the Bexar County city of San Antonio in the U.S. state of Texas.

Bexar County, Texas
29°27′N 98°31′W﻿ / ﻿29.45°N 98.52°W﻿ / 29.45; -98.52

Bexar County (/bɛər/ BAIR or /ˈbeɪər/ ⓘ BAY-ər; Spanish: Béxar [ˈbexaɾ]) is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. It is in South Texas and its county seat is San Antonio.

As of the 2020 census, the population was 2,009,324, making it the state's fourth-most populous county.  Bexar County is included in the San Antonio–New Braunfels, TX metropolitan statistical area. It is the 16th-most populous county in the nation and the fourth-most populated in Texas. Bexar County has a large Hispanic population with a significant growing African American population. With a population that is 59.3% Hispanic as of 2020, it is Texas' most populous majority-Hispanic county and the third-largest such nationwide.
Papaver orientale 'Patty's Plum'
Papaver orientale 'Patty's Plum' is a poppy originally discovered growing in a compost heap at Kingsdon Nursery Garden, Somerset, UK, by Sandra Pope of Hadspen House, Somerset, UK, who had come to work in Mrs Patricia Marrow's garden. After the damson colour of the poppy was noticed, Marrow propagated it. She and Pope later came up with a name "Patty's Plum" because that is Marrow's first name, and it is typical of Marrow to describe the colour as "Plum". The cultivar has also been known under the synonym: Papaver orientale 'Mrs Marrow's Plum'.

Damson
The damson (/ˈdæmzən/), damson plum, or damascene (Prunus domestica subsp. insititia, sometimes Prunus insititia),  is an edible drupaceous fruit, a subspecies of the plum tree. Varieties of insititia are found across Europe, but the name damson is derived from and most commonly applied to forms that are native to Great Britain. Damsons are small, ovoid, plum-like fruit with a distinctive, somewhat astringent taste, and are widely used for culinary purposes, particularly in fruit preserves and jams.

In South and Southeast Asia, the term damson plum sometimes refers to jamblang, the fruit from a tree in the family Myrtaceae. The name "mountain damson" or "bitter damson" was also formerly applied in Jamaica to the tree Simarouba amara. Terminalia microcarpa and Chrysophyllum oliviforme are also sometimes referred to as damson plums.
Niklas Pyyhtiä
Niklas Anton Juhana Pyyhtiä (born 25 September 2003) is a Finnish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Serie B club Modena, on loan from Serie A club Bologna, and for the Finland national football team.

Veikkausliiga
Veikkausliiga (Finnish: [ˈʋei̯kːɑusˌliːɡɑ]) is a professional association football league in Finland and the highest level of the Finnish football league system. The league comprises the top 12 clubs of the country. Its main sponsor is the Finnish national betting agency Veikkaus, hence the league's name. Veikkausliiga was founded in 1990; before that the top division was called Mestaruussarja (championship series) since 1930 which was an amateur or semi-professional league. Between 1908 and 1930 the championship was decided as a knock-out cup competition.
Joe Senser
Joseph Spence Senser (born August 18, 1956) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL). A 6'4", 240 lbs. tight end from West Chester University, Senser was selected in the sixth round of the 1979 NFL draft by the Minnesota Vikings.

He ranks third in Vikings history among tight ends for catches (165) and touchdowns (16), and earned a berth in the Pro Bowl after the 1981 season. He played in all sixteen games in 1981, setting career highs in receptions (79), yards (1,004), yards per catch (12.7) and touchdowns (8).

He was also a onetime leader in NCAA basketball statistics for field goal percentage. A serious knee injury forced Senser to miss the entire 1983 NFL season, but he returned in 1984.

1979 NFL draft
The 1979 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held May 3–4, 1979, at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York City, New York. The league also held a supplemental draft after the regular draft and before the regular season.

The Buffalo Bills held the first overall pick in the draft, acquired from the San Francisco 49ers in the trade which sent O. J. Simpson to his hometown team. The Bills' selection at No. 1, Ohio State linebacker Tom Cousineau, refused to sign with the Bills and instead signed a lucrative deal with the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League.
Henry of Poitou
Henry of Poitou (died c. 1149) - not to be confused with Henry of Antioch (c. 1217 - c. 1276) who was also known as Henry of Poitou - thought to be the son of William VII of Poitou. Henry was an ecclesiastic, and, according to the Peterborough Chronicle, held a number of titles throughout his career. He was a sworn witness attesting to the consanguinity of William Clito and Sybilla of Anjou, which led to the annulment of their marriage in 1124 by Pope Calixtus II.

Sibylla of Anjou
Sibylla of Anjou (Sibylle d’Anjou; c. 1112–1165) was a countess consort of Flanders as the wife of Count Thierry. Sibylla ruled the County of Flanders as regent during the absence of her spouse from 1147 to 1149.
Dave Oberlé
Dave Oberlé (born 9 January 1953 in Farnborough, Kent, England) is an English musician, best known as percussionist and lead vocalist with the 1970s band Gryphon. After the band split up in 1977, Oberlé went on to help launch the heavy rock magazine Kerrang!.  He now spends his time with the newly re-formed Gryphon who have completed a new album entitled, ReInvention, and toured during 2018/9. He is also a Director of Small Blue, a computer software company.

In 2014, it was also announced that Oberlé would make a return to progressive rock, as one of the guest vocalists on A Forest of Fey by UK outfit Gandalf's Fist.

In 2016, Gandalf's Fist announced that Oberlé would contribute to their next album The Clockwork Fable.

Farnborough, London
Farnborough is a large village in Greater London, England. Historically within Kent, it is situated south of Locksbottom, west of Green Street Green, north of Downe and Hazelwood, and east of Keston, it is centred 13.4 miles (21.6 km) southeast of Charing Cross.

Suburban development following the Second World War resulted in the area becoming almost contiguous with the Greater London conurbation, but the village is still surrounded by open farmland. The area has formed part of the London Borough of Bromley local authority district since the formation of the ceremonial county of Greater London in 1965.
Chlorophyllide a reductase
Chlorophyllide a reductase (EC 1.3.7.15), also known as COR, is an enzyme with systematic name bacteriochlorophyllide-a:ferredoxin 7,8-oxidoreductase.  It catalyses the following chemical reaction

This reduction, (with trans stereochemistry) of the sidechains in the pyrrole ring, gives the characteristic 18-electron aromatic system that distinguishes bacteriochlorophylls from chlorophylls, which retain the chlorin system of chlorophyllide a. The enzyme uses ferredoxin and adenosine triphosphate as cofactors and gives adenosine diphosphate and phosphate (Pi) as byproducts.

This enzyme is present in purple bacteria such as Rhodobacter capsulatus and Rhodobacter sphaeroides, and Pseudomonadota. It is a component of the biosynthetic pathway to bacteriochlorophylls.

Phosphoric acid
Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, monophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a colorless, odorless phosphorus-containing solid, and inorganic compound with the chemical formula H3PO4. It is commonly encountered as an 85% aqueous solution, which is a colourless, odourless, and non-volatile syrupy liquid. It is a major industrial chemical, being a component of many fertilizers.

The compound is an acid. Removal of all three H+ ions gives the phosphate ion PO3−4. Removal of one or two protons gives dihydrogen phosphate ion H2PO−4, and the hydrogen phosphate ion HPO2−4, respectively. Phosphoric acid forms esters, called organophosphates.

The name "orthophosphoric acid" can be used to distinguish this specific acid from other "phosphoric acids", such as pyrophosphoric acid. Nevertheless, the term "phosphoric acid" often means this specific compound; and that is the current IUPAC nomenclature.
Cadorna (Milan Metro)
Cadorna FN is an underground interchange station in Milan, Italy, serving Lines 1 and 2 of the Milan Metro. The Line 1 station was opened on 1 November 1964 as part of the inaugural section of the Metro, between Sesto Marelli and Lotto. The Line 2 station was opened on 3 March 1978 as the southern terminus of the extension from Garibaldi FS. It served as the southern terminus of Line 2 until the extension of the line to Porta Genova on 30 October 1983.

The station is located at Piazzale Luigi Cadorna, opposite to Milano Cadorna railway station, within the municipal area of Milan. It is close to Sforzesco Castle, the Triennale and Parco Sempione.

Milan Metro Line 1
Line 1 is the first underground rapid transit line built in Milan, Italy. It is part of the Milan Metro and it is operated by ATM. Works on the line began in 1957, and the first part was opened on 1 November 1964, running from Sesto Marelli to Lotto station. The line is also called Red Line (Linea Rossa in Italian), as it is visually identified by red signs. Due to its premiership, the line gave its red color to the Milan Metro logo.
Rıza Yıldırım
Rıza Yıldırım (born May 6, 1987) is a European champion Turkish wrestler competing in the 97 kg division of freestyle wrestling. He is a member of Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyesi Spor Kulübü.

Yıldırım won the gold medal in the 96 kg division at the 2013 Mediterranean Games in Mersin, Turkey. He became champion at the 2017 European Wrestling Championships held in Novi Sad, Serbia.

Mersin
Mersin (pronounced [ˈmæɾsin]) is a large city and port on the Mediterranean coast of southern Turkey. It is the provincial capital of the Mersin Province (formerly İçel). It is made up of four district governorates, each having its own municipality: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir.

A larger metropolitan region which combines Mersin with Tarsus and Erdemli houses more than 1.7 million inhabitants. Çukurova International Airport (COV) situated 50 kilometres (31 miles) from Mersin city centre, is its closest international airport. There are ferry services from Mersin to Famagusta (Mağusa) in Northern Cyprus. Mersin is linked to Adana via Tarsus by way of TCDD trains.
Bar Chamarkand Tehsil
Bar Chamarkand Tehsil (Pashto: بار چمرکنډ تحصیل), alternatively written Bar Chamar Kand is an administrative subdivision (tehsil) of Bajaur District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. Bar Chamarkand is the smallest of Bajaur District's seven tehsils.

Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
The Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives of the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, which is located in Peshawar, the provincial capital. It was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan, having a total of 145 seats, with 115 general seats, 26 seats reserved for women and 4 reserved for non-Muslims.
Grenda (surname)
Grenda is a Polish surname. According to the Dictionary of American Family Names, it is a variant of the Polish surname Grzęda, meaning "perch", "roost", or "patch of land".

Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred Grenda (1889–1977), Australian cyclist

Ivana Švarc-Grenda (born 1970), Croatian pianist

Jolanta Sobierańska-Grenda (born 1973), Polish politician

Michael Grenda (born 1962), Australian cyclist

Stephen Grenda (1910–1971), American football coach

Alfred Grenda
Alfred Francis Grenda (September 15, 1889 – May 30, 1977) was an Australian professional track cyclist, who specialized in six-day races. He won eight in his career, including the Six Days of New York four times. He also competed in sprinting, notably winning the silver medal at the 1912 UCI Track Cycling World Championships. He came to the United States under a professional contract in 1912, where he stayed and became a naturalized citizen in 1930.
John Franklin Kinney
John Franklin Kinney (June 20, 1860 – May 8, 1934) of Rochester, New York was a New York State jurist and Democratic Party operative of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, described as one of "the strong men of the Democratic Party, potent in counsel, a trusted leader and a popular campaign orator."

Spencerport, New York
Spencerport is a village in Monroe County, New York, United States, and a suburb of Rochester. The population was 3,685 at the 2020 census. The village is within the town of Ogden, along the Erie Canal.
Jameh Mosque of Yazd
The Jāmeh Mosque of Yazd (Persian: مسجد جامع یزد, romanized: Masjid-e-Jāmeh Yazd; Arabic: جامع يزد) is a Friday mosque (jāmeh) located in the city of Yazd, in the province of Yazd, Iran. Built on the site of a 9th-century CE fire temple, the mosque was completed during the 14th and 15th century CE and renovated in subsequent years. Between 1982 and 2005 the mosque was depicted on the obverse of the Iranian 200 rial banknote. The mosque has served as the spiritual center of Yazd for centuries, and is renowned for its complete display of architectural motifs from Medieval Persian dynasties as well as Zoroastrian and Muslim coexistence in the city of Yazd.

The mosque was added to the Iran National Heritage List on 22 July 1934, administered by the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran. The mosque, along with other monuments in Yazd, was inscribed as a UNESCO world heritage site in 2017.

Iran National Heritage List
Iran National Heritage List is a register of nationally significant monuments, places, buildings, events, etc., officially registered under the National Heritage Preservation Act of 1930. According to Article 1 of this law, "All the industrial monuments and buildings that were built up to the end of the Zand dynasty in the country of Iran, including movable and immovable in accordance with Article 13 of this law, can be considered as national heritage of Iran and under the protection and supervision of the state."

After 25 years, on 1 February 1956, with the registration of the Golestan Palace, the ban on the registration of works related to the Qajar era was practically lifted and subsequently the official list of these monuments was published under the current name.
Baldwin 0-6-6-0 1000
The Baldwin 0-6-6-0-1000/1DE were cab unit diesel-electric locomotives built by Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1945. The 0-6-6-0-1000/1DEs were powered by an eight-cylinder diesel engine rated at 1,000 horsepower (746 kW), and rode on a pair of three-axle trucks in a C-C wheel arrangement. 30 of these models were built for Soviet Railways, today Russian Railways, as Class Дб (Class Db).

All were scrapped except the cab of one unit that was used as a shed, and a bogie that was used for a fuel tanker.

Cylinder (engine)
In an engine, the cylinder is the space in which a piston travels.

The inner surface of the cylinder is formed from either a thin metallic liner (also called "sleeve") or a surface coating applied to the engine block. A piston is seated inside each cylinder by several metal piston rings, which also provide seals for compression and the lubricating oil. The piston rings do not actually touch the cylinder walls, instead they ride on a thin layer of lubricating oil.
Stara Rafalivka
Stara Rafalivka (Ukrainian: Стара Рафалівка) is a village in Varash Raion, Rivne Oblast, Ukraine, but was formerly administered within Volodymyrets Raion.  In 2001 the community had 435 residents. Postal code — 34354. KOATUU code — 5620889301.

It was the site of a gruesome massacre (60 people, including children, were killed) by Soviet partisans during World War II.

Massacre
A massacre is an event of killing defenseless human beings or other animals. It is generally used to describe a targeted mass killing of civilians by an armed group. It can also be used figuratively to refer to a one-sided exchange between armed groups. The word is a loan of a French term for "butchery" or "carnage". Other terms with overlapping scope include war crime, pogrom, mass killing, mass murder, and extrajudicial killing.