hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wood–Anderson seismometer
The Wood–Anderson seismometer (also known as the Wood–Anderson seismograph) is a torsion seismometer developed in the United States by Harry O. Wood and John August Anderson in the 1920s to record local earthquakes in southern California. It photographically records the horizontal motion. The seismometer uses a pendulum of 0.8g, its period is 0.8 seconds, its magnification is 2,800 times, and its damping constant is 0.8. Charles Francis Richter developed the Richter magnitude scale using the Wood–Anderson seismometer.

Charles Richter
Charles Francis Richter (/ˈrɪktər/; April 26, 1900 – September 30, 1985) was an American seismologist and physicist. He is the namesake and one of the creators of the Richter scale, which, until the development of the moment magnitude scale in 1979, was widely used to quantify the size of earthquakes. Inspired by Kiyoo Wadati's 1928 paper on shallow and deep earthquakes, Richter first used the scale in 1935 after developing it in collaboration with Beno Gutenberg; both worked at the California Institute of Technology.
Refractory Obdurate
Refractory Obdurate is the seventh studio album by the American rock band Wovenhand. The album was released on April 29, 2014 through a partnership between Glitterhouse Records and Deathwish Inc.

The album was met with generally favorable reviews, and ranked at number 47 on Billboard Top Heatseekers chart.

Deathwish Inc.
Deathwish Inc. is an American independent record label conceived by Jacob Bannon of Converge and Tre McCarthy in 2000. Their first release was Deeper the Wound, a split album between Converge and Japanese band Hellchild on April 23, 2001. Deathwish established itself quickly, working with a diverse group of bands and eventually becoming one of the most respected and innovative labels in contemporary hardcore punk and aggressive music in general.

After having previously worked with RED Distribution, in March 2016, Deathwish signed a global deal with Alternative Distribution Alliance (ADA), an independent distribution label under Warner Music Group that has also partnered with other punk labels including Epitaph Records, Rise Records, and Run for Cover Records.

Deathwish, Inc. has also expanded into releasing exclusive archived prints from various artists, which include Jacob Bannon.
Olle Kärner
Olle Kärner (born November 24, 1977, in Tartu) is an Estonian orienteering competitor from Tartu. He received a bronze medal in the long distance at the 2006 European Orienteering Championships in Otepää.

Orienteering
Orienteering is a group of sports in which participants use a map and compass to navigate from point to point in unfamiliar terrain as quickly as possible.

The sport originated from military land-navigation training in the late 19th century. It has since evolved into several competitive forms where participants race against the clock and other competitors while navigating through checkpoints. Variants include automobile, underwater, mountain bike, ski, and trail orienteering. The most common form is foot orienteering, also known as FootO.

In formal foot-orienteering competitions, participants are given a specially prepared orienteering map, usually topographical, which they use to locate control points.

Orienteering is part of the World Games and the World Police and Fire Games.
Einar Sundt
Einar Sundt (16 October 1854 – 20 September 1917) was a Norwegian businessman, writer and publisher.

He was born in Christiania to Eilert Sundt and Nicoline Conradine Hansen, and was a cousin of Johan Lauritz Sundt and Karen Sundt. He founded the business magazine Farmand in 1891, and edited the magazine until his death in 1917.

Johan Lauritz Sundt
Johan Lauritz Sundt (14 April 1828 – 25 January 1889) was a Norwegian industrialist.

Sundt was born in Fredriksvern, and was a nephew of Eilert Sundt. He founded the matchstick factory Nitedals Tændstikfabrik in 1862, and co-founded the first margarine factory in Norway, Christiania smørfabrikk, in 1876. He served as mayor of Nittedal for seven years, from 1858. He was interested in literature, and wrote two plays, including Nils Lykke, which was staged at Kristiania norske Theater. He was decorated Knight of the Order of St. Olav in 1887.
Vest-Telemark Blad
Vest-Telemark Blad is a Norwegian newspaper, published in Kviteseid, Norway, and covering the district of Vest-Telemark. The newspaper was founded in 1973, and its first editor was Tore Skaug. The newspaper is issued three days per week. It had a circulation of 5,530 in 2008.

Vest-Telemark
Vest-Telemark (lit. 'West-Telemark') is a traditional district in Norway. The 7,699-square-kilometre (2,973 sq mi) area comprises the western areas of the larger region known as Upper Telemark (Norwegian: Øvre Telemark) in Vestfold og Telemark county. The region consists of six municipalities: Fyresdal, Tokke, Vinje, Nissedal, Kviteseid, and Seljord. In 2020, there were 13,903 residents in the region. The area of Vest-Telemark was historically called Øvre Telemark vestfjelske.

The region is known for its folk traditions within music, clothing, handcrafts, food, and architecture. The region is also distinctly marked by its dialects of Norwegian. This form of Norwegian is among those containing the most traces of the Old Norse language and grammar. This area uses the Nynorsk written form of Norwegian.

Vest-Telemark is also the home of slalom (slalåm) skiing, Telemark skiing, and ski jumping (with its characteristic Telemark landing). "The Cradle of Modern Skiing" is found in Morgedal.
Joel Hastings Metcalf
Joel Hastings Metcalf (January 4, 1866 – February 23, 1925) was an American astronomer, humanitarian and minister.

Reverend Metcalf graduated from Harvard Divinity School in 1892. He served as a Unitarian minister in Burlington, Vermont and in Taunton, Massachusetts, Winchester, Massachusetts and Portland, Maine.

He discovered or co-discovered several comets, including 23P/Brorsen-Metcalf and 97P/Metcalf-Brewington, and also 41 asteroids during 1905–1914, as credited by the Minor Planet Center.

Two of his discoveries, the main-belt asteroids 726 Joëlla and 792 Metcalfia, were named in his honor.

Winchester, Massachusetts
Winchester is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, located 8.2 miles (13.2 km) north of downtown Boston as part of the Greater Boston metropolitan area. It is also one of the wealthiest municipalities in Massachusetts. The population was 22,970 at the 2020 United States Census.
HMS Goldcrest
A number of shore establishments of the Royal Navy, used by the Fleet Air Arm, have borne the name HMS Goldcrest.

RAF Angle was an airbase of the Fleet Air Arm, located near the village of Angle, Pembrokeshire, in Wales, between May and September in 1943. Either side of those dates it was RAF Angle, a Royal Air Force station.

RNAS Dale was a Fleet Air Arm airbase situated next to the village of Dale, Pembrokeshire, in Wales, between 1943 and 1948.

RNAS Brawdy was a Royal Naval Air Station between 1946 and 1971, situated next to the village and community of Brawdy in Pembrokeshire, Wales.

RNAS Dale
Royal Naval Air Station Dale (RNAS Dale, also known as HMS Goldcrest) is a former Royal Naval Air Station, located 10 miles (16 km) South West of Haverfordwest in Pembrokeshire, Wales. It was operational between 1942 and 1948, being used by both the Royal Air Force (1942–1943) and the Royal Navy (1943–1948).

The village of Dale in Pembrokeshire is situated 0.5 miles (0.80 km) south-east of the airfield, which itself lies adjacent to the coast, 2 miles (3.2 km) north of St. Ann's Head, the western entrance to the Milford Haven waterway. The town of Milford Haven lies 5 miles (8 km) east and Pembroke Dock lies 11 miles south-east. Notable landmarks are St. Anne's Head and Milford Haven, with Skomer Island lying 3.5 miles (5.6 km) north-west and the small island of Skokholm lying 2.5 miles (4 km) south-west.
Gorleben
Gorleben (German pronunciation: [ˈɡɔʁˌleːbn̩] ⓘ) is a small municipality (Gemeinde) in the Gartow region of the Lüchow-Dannenberg district in the far north-east of Lower Saxony, Germany, a region also known as the Wendland.

Gorleben was first recorded as a town by the rulers of Dannenberg in 1360; there was a fort on the site. The name "Gorleben" probably comes from Goor ("silt"; in Slavic, however, Gor means "mountain") and leben ("heritage").

Gorleben is known as the site of a controversial radioactive waste disposal facility, currently used as an intermediate storage facility initially planned to serve with the salt dome Gorleben as a future deep final repository for waste from nuclear reactors. As of September 28, 2020 this is no longer the case as the entire area has been deemed unfit by 70 geologists in a national geographic survey for final repositories. It has attracted frequent protests from environmentalists since the 1970s.

County of Dannenberg
The County of Dannenberg (German: Grafschaft Dannenberg) was a fief in the Duchy of Saxony. Its heartland was largely identical with the present-day collective municipality of Elbtalaue in northern Germany.

Its historical origins go back to the middle of the 12th century, when Henry the Lion founded the five counties of  Holstein, Ratzeburg, Schwerin, Dannenberg and Lüchow during the Ostsiedlung, or colonisation of the East, from the mouth of the river Elbe to the southern border of the March of Brandenburg, in order to protect the new regions and borders of his territory.

The County of Dannenberg is first mentioned in the records in 1153; its first count, until 1169, was Volrad I of Dannenberg. He came from a noble family, the Edlers of Salzwedel. The county lasted until 1303, when the last count, Nicholas of Dannenberg, relinquished all his rights between the Elbe and Jeetzel rivers to Duke Otto the Strict, and it is finally mentioned in the records in 1311.
Speakeasy (1929 film)
Speakeasy is a 1929 American sound (All-Talking) pre-Code sports drama film directed by Benjamin Stoloff and adapted by Frederick Hazlitt Brennan and Edwin J. Burke. The picture was produced and distributed by Fox Film Corporation. Lola Lane and Paul Page played the lead roles. John Wayne had a minor role in the film as a speakeasy patron. All film elements to this movie are considered lost, but Movietone discs of the soundtrack survive.

Sports film
A sports film is a film genre in which any particular sport plays a prominent role in the film's plot or acts as its central theme. It is a production in which a sport or a sports-related topic is prominently featured or is a focus of the plot. Despite this, sport is ultimately rarely the central concern of such films and sport performs primarily an allegorical role. Furthermore, sports fans are not necessarily the target demographic in such movies, but sports fans tend to maintain a high following and esteem for such movies.
1877 St. Louis general strike
The 1877 St. Louis general strike was one of the first general strikes in the United States. It grew out of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877. The strike was largely organized by the Knights of Labor and the Marxist-leaning Workingmen's Party, the main radical political party of the era.

Alton Railroad
The Alton Railroad (reporting mark A) was the final name of a railroad linking Chicago to Alton, Illinois; St. Louis, Missouri; and Kansas City, Missouri. Its predecessor, the Chicago and Alton Railroad (reporting mark C&A), was purchased by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in 1931 and was controlled until 1942 when the Alton was released to the courts. On May 31, 1947, the Alton Railroad was merged into the Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad. Jacob Bunn had been one of the founding reorganizers of the Chicago & Alton Railroad Company during the 1860s.

Main lines included Chicago to St. Louis and a branch to Kansas City. The former is now part of Union Pacific, with Metra Heritage Corridor commuter rail service north of Joliet (owned by the Canadian National Railway but used by UP). Today, the Kansas City line is part of the CPKC system.
Sergey Glazenap
Sergey Pavlovich Glazenap (Russian: Серге́й Павлович Глазенап; 13(25) September 1848 - 12 April 1937) was a Russian and Soviet astronomer, honorary member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (1929), and Hero of Socialist Labor (1932). In some publications, particularly in the 19th century, his last name was given as S. de Glasenapp (in French) or von Glasenapp (in German).

He published Orbites des étoiles doubles du catalogue de Poulkova, a study of double stars, for which he was awarded the Valz Prize in 1890.

Glazenap crater on the Moon and the minor planet 857 Glasenappia have been named after him.

Glazenap (crater)
Glazenap is a lunar impact crater that is located on the Moon's far side. It lies to the south-southwest of the huge walled plain Mendeleev, and to the northwest of the crater Pannekoek. This crater is nearly circular, and has not been significantly eroded. However, a small crater lies across the northwestern rim. The loose material deposited along the inner walls has accumulated at the base in a ring of scree about the interior floor.
Gozie Ugwu
Chigozie Eze Ugwu (born 22 April 1993) is an English professional footballer who plays as a forward. He made his debut in the Football League in 2012, and his debut in the Scottish Professional Football League in 2014.

Ebbsfleet United F.C.
Ebbsfleet United Football Club is a professional association football club based in Northfleet, Kent, England. The club compete in the National League South, the sixth level of the English football league system.

Founded in 1946 from the merger between Gravesend United and Northfleet United, they were known as Gravesend & Northfleet until changing to their current name in 2007.

Between 2008 and 2013, the club was 75% owned by the web-based venture MyFootballClub whose members, by majority vote, decided on things that at many other clubs were decisions made by the club's management and staff. In May 2013 KEH Sports Ltd, a group of Kuwaiti investors took over full ownership of the club.
Thomas O'Hagan (Australian judge)
Thomas Carlyle O'Hagan (14 April 1903 – 18 July 1958) served as a judge from 16 October 1952 until 18 July 1958 on the Supreme Court of Queensland, which is the highest ranking court in the Australian State of Queensland.

O'Hagan died in office in 1958 and is buried in Toowong Cemetery.

Toowong Cemetery
Toowong Cemetery is a heritage-listed cemetery on the corner of Frederick Street and Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was established in 1866 and formally opened in 1875. It is Queensland's largest cemetery and is located on forty-four hectares of land at the corner of Frederick Street and Mount Coot-tha Road approximately four and a half kilometres west of Brisbane. It was previously known as Brisbane General Cemetery. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 31 December 2002.

Although still used as a cemetery, it is a popular place for joggers and dog walkers, with its over-hanging fig trees and winding pathways. The Friends of Toowong Cemetery is a volunteer group that discover and share the history and stories of Toowong Cemetery. They conduct tours and provide a series of self-guided walks through the cemetery.
Aga Khan Trophy
The Aga Khan Trophy is the prize presented for Ireland's showjumping Nations Cup competition, held annually at the Dublin Horse Show. The first trophy was donated in 1926 by Aga Khan III, who was a frequent visitor to the show. Initially, a country winning the competition three times would win the trophy outright – which Switzerland achieved with wins in 1926, 1927 and 1930 – but from 1930 it is necessary to win three times in succession. It has been won outright on five occasions, and on each occasion a new trophy was presented by the Aga Khan or his successor, Aga Khan IV. The most recent outright winner was Ireland, who won the trophy in 1977, 1978 and 1979, on the latter two occasions after a jump-off with Great Britain.

The competition is part of the FEI Nations Cup.

FEI Nations Cup
The FEI Nations Cup, called Longines FEI Nations Cup since 2013 because of sponsorship reasons, is the most prestigious Show Jumping series for national teams in the world. It is organized by the Fédération Équestre Internationale (FEI).
Delaware languages
The Delaware languages, also known as the Lenape languages (Delaware: Lënapei èlixsuwakàn), are Munsee and Unami, two closely related languages of the Eastern Algonquian subgroup of the Algonquian language family. Munsee and Unami were spoken aboriginally by the Lenape people in the vicinity of the modern New York City area in the United States, including western Long Island, Manhattan Island, Staten Island, as well as adjacent areas on the mainland: southeastern New York State, eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Connecticut, Maryland, and Delaware.

Hudson Valley
The Hudson Valley or Hudson River Valley comprises the valley of the Hudson River and its adjacent communities in the U.S. state of New York. The region stretches from the Capital District including Albany and Troy south to Yonkers in Westchester County, bordering New York City.
The Voice: la plus belle voix season 1
The Voice: la plus belle voix (season 1) was the first season of the French reality singing competition, created by media tycoon John de Mol.  It was aired from February 2012 to May 2012 on TF1.

One of the important premises of the show is the quality of the singing talent. Four coaches, themselves popular performing artists, train the talents in their group and occasionally perform with them. Talents are selected in blind auditions, where the coaches cannot see, but only hear the auditioner.

The coaches were Florent Pagny, Jenifer, Louis Bertignac and Garou. The First Season ended on May 12, 2012, Stephan Rizon was declared the winner.

TF1
TF1 (French: [te ɛf œ̃] ⓘ; standing for Télévision Française 1) is a French commercial television network owned by TF1 Group, controlled by the Bouygues conglomerate. TF1's average market share of 24% makes it the most popular domestic network.

TF1 is part of the TF1 Group of mass media companies, which also includes the news channel LCI. It previously owned the satellite TV provider TPS, which was sold to Canal+ Group.

The network is a supporter of the Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV (HBBTV) initiative, promoting and establishing an open European standard for hybrid set-top boxes for the reception of terrestrial TV and broadband multimedia applications with a single user interface.
Satay bee hoon
Satay bee hoon is a Singaporean dish. It was created due to cultural fusion of the Malays or Javanese with the Teochew people who immigrated to Singapore. Satay bee hoon sauce is a chilli-based peanut sauce very similar to the one served with satay. The satay sauce is spread on top of rice vermicelli.

Teochew people
The Teochew (/tiˈoʊt͡ʃuː/), Teo-Swa, or Chaoshanese are an ethnic group historically native to the Chaoshan region in south China who speak the Teochew language. Today, ethnic Teochew people live throughout Chaoshan and Hong Kong, but also outside China in Southeast Asia, including in Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Cambodia, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The community can also be found in diasporas around the world, including the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and France.
1997 Marbella Open – Doubles
Andrew Kratzmann and Jack Waite were the defending champions, but did not participate together this year.  Kratzmann partnered Libor Pimek, losing in the quarterfinals.  Waite did not participate this year.

Karim Alami and Julián Alonso won in the final 4–6, 6–3, 6–0, against Alberto Berasategui and Jordi Burillo.

Alberto Berasategui
Alberto Berasategui Salazar (born 28 June 1973) is a former top-10 professional tennis player from Spain. He was a Grand Slam finalist at the 1994 French Open, and won a total of 14 ATP singles titles, achieving a career-high singles ranking of world No. 7 in November 1994.
1927 College Football All-Southern Team
The 1927 College Football All-Southern Team consists of American football players selected to the College Football All-Southern Teams selected by various organizations in for the 1927 Southern Conference football season.

College Football All-Southern Team
The College Football All-Southern Team was an all-star team of college football players from the Southern United States.  The honor was given annually to the best players at their respective positions. It is analogous to the All-America Team and was most often selected in newspapers. Notable pickers of All-Southern teams include John Heisman, Dan McGugin, George C. Marshall, Grantland Rice, W. A. Lambeth, Reynolds Tichenor, Nash Buckingham, Innis Brown, and Dick Jemison.
Picong
Picong or Piquant is light comical banter, usually at someone else's expense.  It is the way in which West Indians (particularly those in the Eastern Caribbean) tease, heckle and mock each other in a friendly manner.  However, the line between humour and insult is fine and constantly shifting, and at times the convivial spirit may degenerate into more heated debate and perhaps, physical altercations. The ability to engage in picong without crossing over into insult is highly valued in the culture of calypso music.

Playwright Steve Carter, who wrote an award-winning play of the same name, describes pecong as a "verbal battle of insults hurled in rhymed verse."

Pecong (play)
Pecong is a 1990 play by American playwright Steve Carter. Set "well in the past" on a fictional Caribbean island, the play tells the story of a sorceress who falls madly in love with a shallow womanizer.
Victory Ride Stakes
The Victory Ride Stakes is a Grade III American Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-old fillies run at a distance of 6+1⁄2 furlongs on the dirt held annually in late June or early July at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York.

Elmont, New York
Elmont is an unincorporated hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located in northwestern Hempstead in Nassau County, New York, United States, along its border with the borough of Queens in the City of New York. The population was 35,265 at the time of the 2020 census.

The hamlet is famous for Belmont Park which hosts the Belmont Stakes, the third leg of the prestigious Triple Crown of thoroughbred racing. Elmont is also home to UBS Arena, home of the NHL's New York Islanders.

Elmont has tried incorporating itself as a village multiple times, but has been unable to successfully do so.
House of Horror (film)
House of Horror is a 1929 American sound part-talkie comedy mystery film directed by Benjamin Christensen. In addition to sequences with audible dialogue or talking sequences, the film features a synchronized musical score and sound effects along with English intertitles. According to the film review in Variety, only 1 percent of the total running time featured dialogue. This very short dialogue sequence was inserted immediately after the starting titles and was apparently added so that the picture could be disingenuously advertised as a talkie. The soundtrack was recorded using the Vitaphone sound-on-disc system. The film stars Louise Fazenda and Chester Conklin. The film portion of House of Horror is now presumed lost while the sound survives on Vitaphone discs.

Vitaphone
Vitaphone was a sound film system used for feature films and nearly 1,000 short subjects made by Warner Bros. and its sister studio First National from 1926 to 1931. Vitaphone is the last major analog sound-on-disc system and the only one that was widely used and commercially successful. The soundtrack is not printed on the film, but issued separately on phonograph records. The discs, recorded at 33+1⁄3 rpm (a speed first used for this system) and typically 16 inches (41 cm) in diameter, are played on a turntable physically coupled to the projector motor while the film is projected. Its frequency response is 4300 Hz. Many early talkies, such as The Jazz Singer (1927), used the Vitaphone system. The name "Vitaphone" derived from the Latin and Greek words, respectively, for "living" and "sound".

The "Vitaphone" trademark was later associated with cartoons and other short subjects that had optical soundtracks and did not use discs.