hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Checkmates, Ltd.
The Checkmates, Ltd. were an American R&B group from Fort Wayne, Indiana. The group, discovered by Nancy Wilson, was named such because the group included both black and white members, and their various skin tones evoked a chessboard; their one major hit was 1969's "Black Pearl", produced by Phil Spector. The song peaked at No. 13 on the U.S. pop chart. Their remake of "Proud Mary" reached No. 30 on the UK Singles Chart in late 1969.

The group broke up in 1970, but reunited in 1974 for a few more years. They performed on the same billing as Frank Sinatra and Herb Alpert, and sang the national anthem for the Thrilla in Manila in 1975. Lead singer Sonny Charles later had a moderately successful career as a solo artist. Charles and Marvin ("Sweet Louie") Smith later reunited and toured the U.S. into the 2000s.

Smith died on December 15, 2007, of a heart attack, while on a cruise ship in the Caribbean where he and Sonny Charles were scheduled to perform. He was 68.

Nancy Wilson (jazz singer)
Nancy Sue Wilson (February 20, 1937 – December 13, 2018) was an American singer whose career spanned over five decades, from the mid-1950s until her retirement in the early 2010s. She was especially notable for her single "(You Don't Know) How Glad I Am" and her version of the standard "Guess Who I Saw Today". Wilson recorded more than 70 albums and won three Grammy Awards for her work. During her performing career, Wilson was labeled a singer of blues, jazz, R&B, pop, and soul; a "consummate actress"; and "the complete entertainer". The title she preferred, however, was "song stylist". She received many nicknames including "Sweet Nancy", "The Baby", "Fancy Miss Nancy" and "The Girl With the Honey-Coated Voice".
Stephen Angulalik
Stephen Angulalik (ca. 1898–1980) was an internationally known Ahiarmiut Inuk from northern Canada notable as a Kitikmeot fur trader and trading post operator at Kuugjuaq (Perry River), Northwest Territories. His stories and photos were carried by journals and periodicals worldwide.

Fur trade
The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur. Since the establishment of a world fur market in the early modern period, furs of boreal, polar and cold temperate mammalian animals have been the most valued. Historically the trade stimulated the exploration and colonization of Siberia, northern North America, and the South Shetland and South Sandwich Islands.

Today the importance of the fur trade has diminished; it is based on pelts produced at fur farms and regulated fur-bearer trapping, but has become controversial. Animal rights organizations oppose the fur trade, citing that animals are brutally killed and sometimes skinned alive. Fur has been replaced in some clothing by synthetic imitations, for example, as in ruffs on hoods of parkas.
Rancho Punta del Año Nuevo
Rancho Punta del Año Nuevo was a 17,753-acre (71.84 km2) Mexican land grant in present day San Mateo County, California given in 1842  by Governor Juan B. Alvarado to Simeon Castro. Following statehood, the land grant was within Santa Cruz County; however, an 1868 boundary adjustment gave the land to San Mateo County. The grant extended along the Pacific coast from Rancho Butano and Arroyo de los Frijoles on the north, past Pigeon Point, Franklin Point to Point Año Nuevo on the south.

Santa Cruz County, California
Santa Cruz County (/ˌsæntə ˈkruːz/ ⓘ), officially the County of Santa Cruz, is a county on the Pacific coast of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 270,861. The county seat is Santa Cruz. Santa Cruz County comprises the Santa Cruz–Watsonville, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area. The county is on the California Central Coast, south of the San Francisco Bay Area region. The county forms the northern coast of the Monterey Bay, with Monterey County forming the southern coast.
Nagalim movement
The Nagalim movement is a separatist movement seeking to create a country for the Naga people in the Naga-majority areas of the Indian states of Nagaland, Manipur, Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh and the Naga Self-Administered Zone of the Sagaing Region of Myanmar.

Sagaing Region
Sagaing Region (Burmese: စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီး, pronounced [zəɡáɪ̯ɰ̃ táɪ̯ɰ̃ dèθa̰ dʑí]; formerly Sagaing Division) is an administrative region of Myanmar, located in the north-western part of the country between latitude 21° 30' north and longitude 94° 97' east. It is bordered by Chin State and India's Nagaland, Manipur, and Arunachal Pradesh states to the west and north, Kachin State, Shan State, and Mandalay Region to the east and Mandalay Region and Magway Region to the south. The Ayeyarwady River forms a greater part of its eastern and also southern boundary. Sagaing Region has an area of 93,527 square kilometres (36,111 sq mi), making it the second-largest subdivision of Myanmar. In 1996, it had a population of over 5,300,000, while its population in 2012 was 6,600,000. The urban population 2012 was 1,230,000, and the rural population was 5,360,000. The namesake of Sagaing Region is Sagaing but the administrative capital and largest city is Monywa.
Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role
The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role is an annual award presented by the Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in professional London theatre. The Oliviers were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976, and renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor and director Laurence Olivier.

This award was first given in 1977, then was replaced in 1985 by the commingled actor/actress Best Performance in a Supporting Role, which replaced the 1977 to 1984 pair of Best Actor in a Supporting Role and Best Actress in a Supporting Role awards. From 1991 to 2012, the general supporting category vacillated at random between the commingled singular award (presented for 12 different seasons) and the pair of awards (presented for the other 11 seasons); the commingled award was last given in 2012, and the split pair of Best Actor and Best Actress awards have been presented every year since.

1984 Laurence Olivier Awards
The 1984 Laurence Olivier Awards were presented by the Society of London Theatre on 8 December 1984 at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London, celebrating excellence in West End theatre. It was broadcast by BBC Television, though the broadcast date and specific BBC station is not available – the 2003 Oliviers, for example, aired on BBC Two the evening after the live event.

After the first eight years (1976–1983) as the Society of West End Theatre Awards, these were the first awards to be held after Laurence Olivier consented to the awards being renamed in his honour.
Sonia Andrade
Sonia Andrade (born 1935) is a Brazilian feminist and visual artist. She was born in 1935 in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil She was one of the pioneers in video art in Brazil.  Her video works use appropriation, humor, and political commentary to break down accepted visual codes.

Appropriation (art)
In art, appropriation is the use of pre-existing objects or images with little or no transformation applied to them. The use of appropriation has played a significant role in the history of the arts (literary, visual, musical and performing arts). In the visual arts, "to appropriate" means to properly adopt, borrow, recycle or sample aspects (or the entire form) of human-made visual culture. Notable in this respect are the readymades of Marcel Duchamp.

Inherent in the understanding of appropriation is the concept that the new work recontextualizes whatever it borrows to create the new work. In most cases, the original "thing" remains accessible as the original, without change.
Texas City, Illinois
Texas City is an unincorporated community in Rector Township, Saline County, Illinois, United States. Texas City is located at the junction of U.S. Route 45 and County Highway 6 5 miles (8.0 km) north-northeast of Eldorado.

U.S. Route 45
U.S. Route 45 (US 45) is a major north-south United States highway and a border-to-border route, from Lake Superior to the Gulf of Mexico. A sign at the highway's northern terminus notes the total distance as 1,297 miles (2,087 km).

US 45 is notable for incorporating, in its maiden alignment, the first paved road in the South, a 49-mile (79 km) segment in Lee County, Mississippi. Let to contract in July 1914, the concrete highway opened on November 15, 1915.

As of 2006, the highway's northern terminus is in Ontonagon, Michigan, at the corner of Ontonagon and River Streets, a few blocks from Lake Superior (M-64 formerly terminated there as well until its rerouting in October 2006 to use the newly built Ontonagon River Bridge).  US 45's southern terminus is in Mobile, Alabama, at an intersection with U.S. Route 98.
Niesułków-Kolonia
Niesułków-Kolonia [ɲɛˈsuu̯kuf kɔˈlɔɲa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stryków, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) south-east of Stryków, 20 km (12 mi) east of Zgierz, and 19 km (12 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Zgierz
Zgierz [zɡʲɛʂ] ⓘ is a city in central Poland, located just to the north of Łódź, and part of the Łódź metropolitan area. As of 2021, it had a population of 54,974. Located within the historic Łęczyca Land, it is the capital of Zgierz County in the Łódź Voivodeship.
Limb-sparing techniques
Limb-sparing techniques, also known as limb-saving or limb-salvage surgery, are performed in order to preserve the appearance and function of limbs. Limb-sparing techniques are used to preserve limbs affected by trauma, arthritis, cancers such as high-grade bone sarcomas, and vascular conditions such as diabetic foot ulcers. As the techniques in chemotherapy, radiation, and diagnostic modalities improve, there has been a trend toward limb-sparing procedures to avoid amputation, which has been associated with a lower 5-year survival rate and cost-effectiveness compared to limb salvage. There are many different types of limb-sparing techniques focusing on the preservation or reconstruction of soft tissue, bone, or other vital functional structures.

Bone sarcoma
A bone sarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumour, a type of sarcoma that starts in the bones. This is in contrast to most bone cancers that are  secondary having developed as a metastasis from another cancer. Bone sarcomas are rare, and mostly affect the legs. The other type of sarcoma is a soft-tissue sarcoma.

There are three main types of bone sarcoma based on tissue type – an osteosarcoma, a Ewing's sarcoma, and a chondrosarcoma.
Adahisa Peña
Adahisa Peña Arteaga (born August 6, 1984) is a pageant titleholder, born in Valencia, Venezuela. She was represented of the Apure state in the Miss Venezuela 2008 pageant, on September 10, 2008, and won the Miss Congeniality award and proceeded to represent Venezuela in multiple International contests.
Peña once considered one of Venezuelan's top fashion models, participating in International Runways for designers such as Tommy Hilfiger, Angel Sanchez, and Carolina Herrera among others; is currently based in the US where she continues her career participating in multiple projects as a sports and entertainment TV host.

Miss Venezuela 2008
Miss Venezuela 2008 was the 55th Miss Venezuela pageant, held at the Poliedro de Caracas in Caracas, Venezuela, on September 10, 2008.

Dayana Mendoza of Amazonas crowned Stefania Fernández of Trujillo as her successor at the end of the event.

On July 29, Osmel Sousa assumed further control of the selection process by directly appointing the 28 final contestants from a pool of 73 candidates.  Although winners of regional and state contests have never been guaranteed participation in the final Miss Venezuela pageant, this direct selection resulted in the unprecedented elimination of the representatives of Falcón, Lara, Sucre, Vargas and Nueva Esparta.  In addition to the two aforementioned titleholders from Zulia, a total of seven state winners were consequently stripped of their titles, which will be carried in the final pageant by other candidates.
Enzyme-modified cheese
Enzyme-modified cheese (EMC) is a concentrated cheese flavour ingredient that is produced from cheese (or its upstream ingredients) by treatment with enzymes such as proteases (not including the usual rennet), lipases and esterases. An incubation period under controlled conditions is required for proper flavor development. These enzymes accelerate and intensify the ripening of cheese, which is normally done with enzymes released by an microbial culture. They may be added to during cheesemaking, after the cheese curds have been pressed, or even after the cheese has been naturally aged. EMCs were first made in the 1970s.

Rennet
Rennet (/ˈrɛnɪt/) is a complex set of enzymes produced in the stomachs of ruminant mammals. Its key component is chymosin, a protease enzyme that curdles the casein proteins in milk. Rennet also contains other enzymes such as pepsin and a lipase.

Rennet has traditionally been used to separate milk into solid curds and liquid whey, used in the production of cheeses. Rennet from calves has become less common for this use, to the point that less than 5% of cheese in the United States is made using animal rennet today. Most cheese is now made using chymosin derived from bacterial sources.
Flowability
Flowability, also known as powder flow is a property that defines an ability of a powdered material to flow, related to cohesion.

Powder flowability depends on many traits:

the shape and size of the powder particles due to intermolecular force,

porosity

electrostatic activity

hygroscopy

bulk density

angle of repose

presence of glidants

oxidation rate (of a metallic powder)

humidity

ISO 4490:2018 norm (and its precedent, ISO 4490:2014) standardizes a method for determining the flow rate of metallic powders. It uses a normalized/calibrated funnel, named Hall flowmeter.

Porosity
Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%. Strictly speaking, some tests measure the "accessible void", the total amount of void space accessible from the surface (cf. closed-cell foam).

There are many ways to test porosity in a substance or part, such as industrial CT scanning.

The term porosity is used in multiple fields including pharmaceutics, ceramics, metallurgy, materials, manufacturing, petrophysics, hydrology, earth sciences, soil mechanics, rock mechanics, and engineering.
Hediste diversicolor
Hediste diversicolor, commonly known as a ragworm, is a polychaete worm in the family Nereididae. It lives in a burrow in the sand or mud of beaches and estuaries in intertidal zones in the north Atlantic. This species is used in research, but its classification is in dispute; in the literature, it is often classified as Nereis diversicolor (O.F. Müller, 1776). Its specific name "diversicolor" refers to the fact that its colour changes from brown to green as the breeding season approaches.

Spartina
Spartina is a genus of plants in the grass family, frequently found in coastal salt marshes. Species in this genus are commonly known as cordgrass or cord-grass, and are native to the coasts of the Atlantic Ocean in western and southern Europe, north-western and southern Africa, the Americas and the islands of the southern Atlantic Ocean; one or two species also occur on the western coast of North America and in freshwater habitats inland in the Americas. The highest species diversity is on the east coasts of North and South America, particularly Florida. They form large, often dense colonies, particularly on coastal salt marshes, and grow quickly. The species vary in size from 0.3–2 m tall. Many of the species will produce hybrids if they come into contact.
Critical ionization velocity
Critical ionization velocity (CIV), or critical velocity (CV), is the relative velocity between a neutral gas and plasma (an ionized gas), at which the neutral gas will start to ionize. If more energy is supplied, the velocity of the atoms or molecules will not exceed the critical ionization velocity until the gas becomes almost fully ionized.

The phenomenon was predicted by Swedish engineer and plasma scientist, Hannes Alfvén, in connection with his model on the origin of the Solar System (1942). At the time, no known mechanism was available to explain the phenomenon, but the theory was subsequently demonstrated in the laboratory. Subsequent research by Brenning and Axnäs (1988) have suggested that a lower hybrid plasma instability is involved in transferring energy from the larger ions to electrons so that they have sufficient energy to ionize. Application of the theory to astronomy through a number of experiments have produced mixed results.

Ionization
Ionization or ionisation is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons, often in conjunction with other chemical changes. The resulting electrically charged atom or molecule is called an ion. Ionization can result from the loss of an electron after collisions with subatomic particles, collisions with other atoms, molecules, electrons, positrons, protons, antiprotons, and ions, or through the interaction with electromagnetic radiation. Heterolytic bond cleavage and heterolytic substitution reactions can result in the formation of ion pairs. Ionization can occur through radioactive decay by the internal conversion process, in which an excited nucleus transfers its energy to one of the inner-shell electrons causing it to be ejected.
Tom Ehlers
Thomas Slick Ehlers (born July 14, 1952) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Kentucky Wildcats and was selected by the Philadelphia Eagles in the 13th round of the 1975 NFL draft. He played in the league for the Eagles and Buffalo Bills.

He currently resides in Mishawaka, Indiana.  Ehlers is the son of former National Basketball Association (NBA) player Bulbs Ehlers.  In 1988, he joined his father in the Indiana Football Hall of Fame.

Kentucky Wildcats football
The Kentucky Wildcats football program represents the University of Kentucky in the sport of American football. The Wildcats compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The Wildcats play their home games at Kroger Field in Lexington, Kentucky and are led by first-year head coach Will Stein.
Elvington, Kent
Elvington is a small pit village on a ridge in between Canterbury and Dover in the county of Kent in Southeast England. Located near Eythorne, Elvington was mostly built in the early 20th century to serve the nearby coal mine at Tilmanstone, as were other Kent Coalfield villages including Snowdown, Aylesham and Betteshanger.

Snowdown
Snowdown is a hamlet near Dover in Kent, England. It was the location of one of the four chief collieries of the Kent coalfield, which closed in 1987.

The population of the hamlet is included in the civil parish of Aylesham, Kent. As a result, Snowdown is served by Aylesham Parish Council. The District Authority is Dover District Council and the County Authority is Kent County Council. There are roughly 54 houses in Snowdown.
Jach'a Q'awa
Jach'a Q'awa (Aymara jach'a big, q'awa little river, ditch, crevice, fissure, gap in the earth, "big brook" or "big ravine", Hispanicized spelling Jachcha Khaua) is a 4,718-metre-high (15,479 ft) mountain in the Cordillera de los Frailes in the Andes of Bolivia. It is situated in the Potosí Department, Tomás Frías Province, Tinguipaya Municipality, north of the Pillku Mayu (red river"). It lies southeast of the village of Janq'u Laqaya (Jankho Lacaya) and the mountain named Janq'u Laqaya (Jhanco Lacaya) and northwest of Pari Chata.

The river Jach'a Q'awa originates on the west side of the mountain. It flows to the south.

Tomás Frías Province
Tomás Frías is a province in the northern parts of the Bolivian Potosí Department. Its capital is Potosí which is also the capital of the department. The province is named after the former president Tomás Frías Ametller.
Lafragua
Lafragua  is a municipality in the Mexican state of Puebla. According to the National Statistics Institute (INEGI), it had a population of 10,551 inhabitants in the 2005 census. By the 2010 census it had dropped to 7,767 inhabitants, 761 of whom lived in Saltillo, the municipal seat. Its total area is 128.85 km². The Saltillo name comes from the Nahuatl words Atlcholoa in atl, which means water, and Choloa, meaning drip. Therefore, means water that drips. The name Lafragua is in honor of José María Lafragua.

Its geographical coordinates are 19° 17′ 52” North, and  97° 17′  54” West at Saltillo. Its average altitude is 2,860 m above sea level. The elevation at Saltillo is officially 2,829 meters (9,281.5 ft.), making it the third-highest municipal seat in Mexico (after Emiliano Zapata, Tlaxcala and El Porvenir, Chiapas).

Source: Statistics from INEGI

José María Lafragua
José María Lafragua Ibarra was a Mexican liberal lawyer, politician, diplomat, and writer. He was born in Puebla, 2 April 1813, the son of Lt. Col. José María Lafragua and Mariana de Ibarra and Veytia. He served in as Minister of Interior in the government of liberal President Ignacio Comonfort. He was the first director of the National Library of Mexico and key author of the Mexican Civil and Penal Codes.
Raypur Union, Jibannagar
Raypur Union (Bengali: রায়পুর ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad of Jibannagar Upazila, in Chuadanga District, Khulna Division of Bangladesh. The union has an area of 41.96 square kilometres (16.20 sq mi) and as of 2001 had a population of 11,948. There are 8 villages and 7 mouzas in the union.

Chuadanga District
Chuadanga District (Bengali: চুয়াডাঙ্গা জেলা) is a district in south western Bangladesh, specifically Khulna Division, Bangladesh. It is bordered by the Indian state of  West Bengal to the west, Meherpur District to the northwest, Jessore District to the south, Jhenaidah District to the east, and Kushtia District to the north. Before partition Chuadanga was one of the five subdivisions of Nadia district.
GSIS Museo ng Sining
The GSIS Museo ng Sining (English: GSIS Museum of Art) or the GSIS Museum is an art museum in Pasay, Metro Manila, Philippines established on April 23, 1996. It is located at the GSIS Building within the Financial Center Area of Bay City. The museum features artworks of Filipino artists from the colonial period to the contemporary period and also serves as an exhibit area for Filipino artists.

In December 2011, a total of 308 artworks are in the museum's collection.

Among its collections is a commissioned copy of Ritual Dance by Fernando Amorsolo-the original copy is lost in 1972, and the History of Philippine Music dated 1931. The Parisian Life by Juan Luna estimated in 2009 to value around P200 million, was formerly part of the museum's collections but was transferred to the National Museum of Fine Arts in 2012 along with other selected works.

Art museum
An art museum, or art gallery, is an organization, usually with buildings or spaces for the display of art from the museum's own collection. It might be in public or private ownership, be accessible to all, or have restrictions in place. Although primarily concerned with visual art, art museums are often used as a venue for other cultural exchanges and artistic activities, such as lectures, jewelry, performance arts, music concerts, or poetry readings. Art museums also frequently host themed temporary exhibitions, which often include items on loan from other collections.