hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hamid Algar
Hamid Algar (born September 21, 1940) is a British-American Professor Emeritus of Persian studies at the Faculty of Near Eastern Studies, University of California, Berkeley. He writes on Islamic topics, Persian and Arabic literature and the history of Iran, Turkey, the Balkans and Afghanistan. He served on the UC Berkeley faculty for 45 years, 1965 to 2010. Algar remains an active scholar and his research has concentrated on the Islamic history of the Perso-Turkish world, with particular emphasis on Iranian Shi'ism during the past two centuries, and the Naqshbandi Sufi order.

Algar, who was born in England, first converted to Sunni Islam and later chose to follow Shia Islam. He has also translated books written by contemporary Shi'i theologians, like Ruhollah Khomeini's book Islamic Government (Velayat-e Faqih) and works by Ali Shariati, Morteza Motahhari, Mahmoud Taleqani and Mujtaba Musavi Lari.

Morteza Motahhari
Morteza Motahhari (Persian: مرتضی مطهری, romanized: Mortezā Motahharī; 31 January 1919 – 1 May 1979) was an Iranian Twelver Shia scholar, philosopher, lecturer. Motahhari is considered to have an important influence on the ideologies of the Islamic Republic, among others. He was a co-founder of Hosseiniye Ershad and the Combatant Clergy Association (Jāme'e-ye Rowhāniyat-e Mobārez). He was a disciple of Ruhollah Khomeini during the Shah's reign and formed the Council of the Islamic Revolution at Khomeini's request. He was chairman of the council at the time of his assassination.
State Road 27 (Serbia)
State Road 27 is an IB-class road in western, northern, central and eastern Serbia, connecting Bosnia and Herzegovina at Trbušnica with Svilajnac. It is located in Šumadija and Western Serbia, Belgrade and Southern and Eastern Serbia regions.

Before the new road categorization regulation given in 2013, the route wore the following names: M 14.1, M 19 and M 4 (before 2012) / 23, 21, 13, A2, 16, 150 and 132 (after 2012).

The existing route is a main road with two traffic lanes. By the valid Space Plan of Republic of Serbia the road is not planned for upgrading to motorway, and is expected to be conditioned in its current state.

Section from Ćelije to Lazarevac is a part of European route E763.

Southern and Eastern Serbia
The Southern and Eastern Serbia (Serbian: Јужна и источна Србија, romanized: Južna i istočna Srbija) is one of five statistical regions of Serbia. It is also a Level-2 statistical region according to the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS).
Western blue devil
The western blue devil (Paraplesiops sinclairi) is a species of fish in the longfin family Plesiopidae endemic to Western Australia. The fish is found in rocky reef habitats in the coastal, inshore waters of southwestern Western Australia, from the Recherche Archipelago to Lancelin. The specific name  was coined as a memorial to the ichthyologist Nicholas Sinclair of the Australian Museum who was involved in the collection of the type specimens.

Longfin
The longfins, also known as roundheads or spiny basslets, are a family, Plesiopidae, which were formerly placed in the order Perciformes or considered indeterminate percomorphs, but are now considered basal blenniiforms. They are elongated fishes, found in the Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean.
The Neutral Thousands
The Neutral Thousands, initialized as TNT, was an organization created in 1937 to target union activities and was known as an anti-union organization. The organization rose along with a tide of similar organizations in the period of the late-19th century to the mid-twentieth century. Bessie Ochs, formerly a speaker for the Merchants and Manufacturers Association, was recruited by Byron C. Hanna, the leader of The Southern Californians, Incorporated, to lead the organization. In addition to the general activities of the organization, it also broadcast a radio program, referred to as the "California Caravan".

The organization claimed to have over 100,000 members at its high point, according to membership logs by the leader, Bessie Ochs. However, In 1940, after an investigation by the La Follette Committee, the organization disbanded, along with other similar organization, such as the Southern Californians, Incorporated (or SCI).

Anti-union organizations in the United States
In the United States shortly after 1900, there were few effective employers' organizations that opposed the union movement. By 1903, these organizations started to coalesce, and a national employers' movement began to exert a powerful influence on industrial relations and public affairs.
Kaeo
Kaeo (Māori: Kāeo) is a township in the Far North District of New Zealand, located some 22 km (14 mi) northwest of Kerikeri. The town's name comes from the Māori-language name of the New Zealand freshwater mussel, which is found in nearby rivers.

Sanfords Fishery factory, one of the main employers in Kaeo, closed in December 2011.

A new bridge on State Highway 10 across the Kaio River was opened in February 2024 to reduce queuing and improve traffic safety.

Echyridella menziesii
Echyridella menziesii, the New Zealand freshwater mussel, also known by its Māori names kākahi, kāeo, and torewai, is a species of freshwater mussel endemic to New Zealand. E. menziesii is an aquatic bivalve mollusc in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.

They were an important food source for the Māori, but like many freshwater mussels worldwide, are now endangered by pollution and eutrophication of rivers, and the introduction of new species of fish leading to actions via the Treaty of Waitangi claims process.

It is one of three species of native freshwater mussels identified in New Zealand, the others being Echyridella aucklandica and Echyridella onekaka.
2003 Kroger St. Jude International – Women's doubles
Ai Sugiyama and Elena Tatarkova were the defending champions, but did not compete this year.

Qualifiers Akiko Morigami and Saori Obata won the title by defeating Alina Jidkova and Bryanne Stewart 6–1, 6–1 in the final.

Ai Sugiyama
Ai Sugiyama (杉山愛, Sugiyama Ai; born July 5, 1975) is a Japanese former tennis player. She reached the world No. 1 ranking in women's doubles on the WTA Tour and had a career-high singles ranking of world No. 8, achieved on February 9, 2004. In her career, she won six singles and 38 doubles titles, including three Grand Slam titles (one with Julie Halard-Decugis and two partnering Kim Clijsters), and one Grand Slam mixed doubles title (partnering Mahesh Bhupathi). Sugiyama held the all-time record, for both male and female players, for her 62 consecutive Grand Slam main-draw appearances, until she was surpassed by Roger Federer at the 2015 Wimbledon Championships.
Dangu, Eure
Dangu (French pronunciation: [dɑ̃ɡy]) is a commune on the river Epte in the Eure department in the Normandy region in northern France.

It is home to the renowned Haras de Dangu, once a large estate and thoroughbred horse breeding and training farm owned by Count Frédéric de Lagrange (1815–1883).

Eure
Eure (/ɜːr/ UR; French pronunciation: [œʁ]; Norman: Eure or Eûre) is a department in the administrative region of Normandy, northwestern France, named after the river Eure. Its prefecture is Évreux. In 2021, Eure had a population of 598,934.
Haybridge High School
Haybridge High School and Sixth Form is an 11–18 mixed academy school with approximately 1,250 students (420 in the sixth form) in Hagley, Stourbridge, England, United Kingdom, serving North West Worcestershire, the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley, and South Staffordshire. The school is a Technology College, with the two additional specialisms of Applied Learning and Sports. It is also a Training School and a Leading Edge School.

Stourbridge
Stourbridge (/ˈstaʊərbrɪdʒ/) is a market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley in the West Midlands, England. Situated on the River Stour, the town lies around 11 miles (18 kilometres) west of Birmingham,
at the southwestern edge of the Black Country conurbation. Historically in Worcestershire, it was the centre of British glass making during the Industrial Revolution. The 2021 UK census recorded the town's population as 56,950.
Outcast Islands
The Outcast Islands are two small islands, nearly 0.9 km (0.5 nmi) apart, and a number of surrounding rocks lying 3.7 km (2 nmi) southwest of Bonaparte Point, off the southwest coast of Anvers Island in the Palmer Archipelago of Antarctica. The Outcast Islands were named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-names Committee (UK-APC) following a survey in 1955 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS). The name arose because of their isolated position which is some distance from the other islands in the vicinity of Arthur Harbor.

Palmer Archipelago
Palmer Archipelago, also known as Antarctic Archipelago, Archipiélago Palmer, Antarktiske Arkipel or Palmer Inseln, is a group of islands off the northwestern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It extends from Tower Island in the north to Anvers Island in the south. It is separated by the Gerlache and Bismarck straits from the Antarctic Peninsula and Wilhelm Archipelago, respectively. The archipelago is in the British, Chilean, and Argentine Claims.

Palmer Archipelago is located at 64°15′S 62°50′W﻿ / ﻿64.250°S 62.833°W﻿ / -64.250; -62.833.
Hugh Whistler
Hugh Whistler (28 September 1889 – 7 July 1943), F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. was an English police officer and ornithologist who worked in India. He wrote one of the first field guides to Indian birds and documented the distributions of birds in notes in several journals apart from describing new subspecies.

Zoological Society of London
The Zoological Society of London (ZSL) is a charity and organization devoted to the worldwide conservation of animals and their habitats. It was founded in 1826. Since 1828, it has maintained London Zoo, and since 1931 Whipsnade Zoo.
Alsen, Louisiana
Alsen is an unincorporated community in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, United States. Established for freedmen, the community has been plagued by industrial pollution. The community is located less than 2 miles (3.2 kilometres) west of Baker and 6 miles (9.7 kilometres) southwest of Zachary and 2 miles (3.2 kilometres) east of the Mississippi River.

East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana
East Baton Rouge Parish (French: Paroisse de Bâton-Rouge Est; Spanish: Parroquia del Este de Bastón Rojo) is the most populous parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. Its population was 456,781 at the 2020 census. The parish seat is Baton Rouge, Louisiana's state capital. East Baton Rouge Parish is located within the Greater Baton Rouge area.
Rosalea Hamilton
Rosalea Hamilton is a Jamaican academic, trade policy specialist, radio host and advocate. She is Founding Director of the Institute of Law and Economics (ILE) and has hosted a radio programme, Trade Talk. She is also the coordinator of The Advocacy Network, which pushes for constitutional reform in Jamaica.

Commercial policy
A commercial policy (also referred to as a trade policy or international trade policy) is a government's policy governing international trade. Commercial policy is an all encompassing term that is used to cover topics which involve international trade.  Trade policy is often described in terms of a scale between the extremes of free trade (no restrictions on trade) on one side and protectionism (high restrictions to protect local producers) on the other. A common commercial policy can sometimes be agreed by treaty within a customs union, as with the European Union's common commercial policy and in Mercosur.
A nation's commercial policy will include and take into account the policies adopted by that nation's government while negotiating international trade. There are several factors that can affect a nation's commercial policy, all of which can affect international trade policies.
Personal mobility
In Universal Personal Telecommunications (UPT), personal mobility is the ability of a user to access telecommunication services at any UPT terminal on the basis of a personal identifier, and the capability of the network to provide those services in accord with the user's service profile.

Personal mobility involves the network's capability to locate the terminal associated with the user for the purposes of addressing, routing, and charging the user for calls. "Access" is intended to convey the concepts of both originating and terminating services. Management of the service profile by the user is not part of personal mobility. The personal mobility aspects of personal communications are based on the UPT number.

Terminal (telecommunication)
In the context of telecommunications, a terminal is a device which ends a telecommunications link and is the point at which a signal enters or leaves a network. Examples of terminal equipment include telephones, fax machines, computer terminals, printers and workstations.

An end instrument is a piece of equipment connected to the wires at the end of a telecommunications link. In telephony, this is usually a telephone connected to a local loop.  End instruments that relate to data terminal equipment include printers, computers, barcode readers, automated teller machines (ATMs) and the console ports of routers.
Abdirizak Jurile
Abdirizak Osman Hassan 'Jurile' (Somali: Cabdirisaaq Cusmaan Xasan Juurile, Arabic: عبد الرزاق عثمان حسن جوريلى), commonly known as Jurile, is a Somali British politician, diplomat and professor, he served as Somali Minister of Planning and International Cooperation from July 2004 to December 2007, and later became Somali Minister of Postal Cooperation and Telecommunications.  Jurile was twice or more a Member of the Federal Parliament's lower house, before moving to the Upper House (senate) of the Parliament of Somalia in October 2016. He was responsible administratively and operationally to build The Garowe–Bosaso Highway and the Port of Bosaso in the Bari province. The highway starts from the Port of Bosaso and continues south as a single carriageway up over the Al-Miskat hills and downwards toward Qardho. It continues from there around 205 km (127.6 mi) southwards to Garowe thereafter the thoroughfare joins the Mogadishu – Berbera highway.

Senate of Somalia
The Senate of Somalia is the upper chamber of the bicameral legislature of Somalia, which, along with the lower chamber constitutes the legislature of Somalia. The Senate chamber is located in Mogadishu, the capital City of Somalia.

The term "Senator" usually refers to a member of the Aqalka Sare, the Upper House of Somalia Federal parliament and the term "Xildhibaan" is used for the member of the House of People (the lower house), this does not imply the former is more powerful than the latter. The approval of both houses is necessary for legislation to become law and, thus, the Senate can reject bills passed by the House of the People.
Tracey Fuchs
Tracey Claire Fuchs (born November 3, 1966) is a former field hockey midfielder from the United States, who was a member of the US women's team that finished fifth at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. She also competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, where Team USA finished in eighth and last position. She also played for the 1994 World Cup team that won the bronze medal.
She won a bronze medal at the 1995 Pan American Games.  Fuchs won the NCAA Division I national title as the coach of the Northwestern Wildcats in 2021 and 2024.

1995 Pan American Games
The 1995 Pan American Games, officially known as the XII Pan American Games (Spanish: XII Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Mar del Plata 1995, were held in Mar del Plata, Argentina, from 12 to 26 March 1995. After 44 years, this was the Pan American Games' first return to the country that hosted the first Games, in 1951.
Tiffin (confectionery)
Tiffin is a form of cake-like confection composed of crushed biscuits (most commonly digestive biscuits), sugar, syrup, raisins, chocolate, and cocoa powder, often covered with a layer of melted striped chocolate. Unlike regular cakes, tiffin does not require baking. Instead, following preparation of the mixture, the confection is chilled until set. As a consequence the product may also be known as "fridge cake" or another similar term.

Cocoa solids
Dry cocoa solids are the components of cocoa beans remaining after cocoa butter, the fatty component of the bean, is extracted from chocolate liquor, roasted cocoa beans that have been ground into a liquid state. Cocoa butter is 46% to 57% of the weight of cocoa beans and gives chocolate its characteristic melting properties. Cocoa powder is the powdered form of the dry solids with a small remaining amount of cocoa butter. Untreated cocoa powder is bitter and acidic. Dutch process cocoa has been treated with an alkali to neutralize the acid.

Cocoa powder contains flavanols, amounts of which are reduced if the cocoa is subjected to acid-reducing alkalization.

Other definitions of cocoa solids, especially legal ones, include all cocoa ingredients (cocoa mass, cocoa powder and cocoa butter). In this case, cocoa solids without cocoa butter are specified as non-fat cocoa solids.
Periscope lens
A periscope lens, sometimes called a folded lens, is a mechanical assembly of lens elements that uses a prism or mirror to redirect the light through the lenses with a 90° angle to the optical axis, as in a periscope.

Optical axis
An optical axis is an imaginary line that passes through the geometrical center of an optical system such as a camera lens, microscope or telescopic sight. Lens elements often have  rotational symmetry about the axis.

The optical axis defines the path along which light propagates through the system, up to first approximation. For a system composed of simple lenses and mirrors, the axis passes through the center of curvature of each surface, and coincides with the axis of rotational symmetry. The optical axis is often coincident with the system's mechanical axis, but not always, as in the case of off-axis optical systems.

For an optical fiber, the optical axis is along the center of the fiber core, and is also known as the fiber axis.
Robert Hill Myers
Robert Hill Myers (March 30, 1856 – November 16, 1921) was a lawyer, judge and political figure in Manitoba. He represented Minnedosa from 1892 to 1903 in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Liberal.

He was born in Oxford County, Canada West, the son of Robert Myers, a native of England, and Margaret Hill, a native of Scotland. Myers was educated at the Collegiate Institute in Stratford and at Osgoode Hall. He was called to the Ontario bar in 1880, then moved to Manitoba in 1882 and was called to the Manitoba bar the following year. In 1885, Myers married Annie McLeod. He practised law briefly in Winnipeg and Brandon before settling in Minnedosa, where he was in practice for 21 years.

In January 1903, he was named county court judge for Winnipeg. Myers died in Winnipeg at the age of 65.

His former home in Minnedosa was designated a Manitoba Municipal Heritage site in 1986.

Stratford, Ontario
Stratford is a city on the Avon River within Perth County in southwestern Ontario, Canada, with a 2021 population of 33,232 in a land area of 30.02 square kilometres (11.59 sq mi). Stratford is the seat of Perth County, which was settled by English, Irish, Scottish and German immigrants, in almost equal numbers, starting in the 1820s but primarily in the 1830s and 1840s. Most became farmers; even today, the area around Stratford is known for mixed farming, dairying and hog production.

The area was settled by Europeans in 1832, and the town and river were named after Stratford-upon-Avon, England. Stratford was incorporated as a town in 1859 and as a city in 1886. The first mayor was John Corry Wilson Daly. The swan has become a symbol of the city. Each year, twenty-four white swans are released into the Avon River. The town is noted for the Stratford Festival, which performs Shakespearean plays and other genres from May to October.
BSD Daemon
The BSD Daemon, nicknamed Beastie, is the generic mascot of BSD operating systems. The BSD Daemon is named after software daemons, a class of long-running computer programs in Unix-like operating systems—which, through a play on words, takes the cartoon shape of a demon. The BSD Daemon's nickname Beastie is a slurred phonetic (in American English) pronunciation of BSD. Beastie customarily carries a trident to symbolize a software daemon's forking of processes. The FreeBSD web site has noted Evi Nemeth's 1988 remarks about cultural-historical daemons in the Unix System Administration Handbook: "The ancient Greeks' concept of a 'personal daemon' was similar to the modern concept of a 'guardian angel' ... As a rule, UNIX systems seem to be infested with both daemons and demons."

KDE
KDE is an international free software community that develops free and open-source software. As a central development hub, it provides tools and resources that enable collaborative work on its projects. Its products include the KDE Plasma graphical shell, KDE Frameworks, and the KDE Gear range of applications including Kate, digiKam, and Krita. Many KDE applications are cross-platform and can run on Unix and Unix-like operating systems as well as Microsoft Windows. KDE is legally represented by KDE e.V. based in Germany, which also owns the KDE trademarks and funds the project.
Hodgson Report
Report of the committee appointed to investigate phenomena connected with the Theosophical Society, commonly called the Hodgson Report was an 1885 report by the Society for Psychical Research (SPR) on Helena Blavatsky and purportedly apported Mahatma Letters.

Apport (paranormal)
In parapsychology and Spiritualism, an apport is the alleged paranormal transference of an article from one place to another, or an appearance of an article from an unknown source that is often associated with poltergeist activity or séances. Apports reported during séances have been found to be the result of deliberate fraud. No medium or psychic has demonstrated the manifestation of an apport under scientifically controlled conditions.
Stay Away, Joe
Stay Away, Joe is a 1968 American comedy Western film with musical interludes, set in modern times and starring Elvis Presley, Burgess Meredith, Joan Blondell, Katy Jurado and Thomas Gomez. Directed by Peter Tewksbury, the film is based on the 1953 satirical farce novel of the same name by Dan Cushman. The film reached number 65 on the Variety weekly national box office chart in 1968.

Greensleeves
"Greensleeves" is a traditional English folk song. A broadside ballad by the name "A Newe Northen Dittye of ye Ladye Greene Sleves" was registered by Richard Jones at the London Stationers' Company in September 1580, and the tune is found in several late 16th-century and early 17th-century sources, such as Ballet's MS Lute Book and Het Luitboek van Thysius, as well as various manuscripts preserved in the Seeley Historical Library in the University of Cambridge.
Montague Hayter
Montague William Hayter (16 November 1871 – 6 May 1948) was an English first-class cricketer.

The son of Meshach William Hayter and Mary Jane Eaton, he was born in November 1871 at Ringwood, Hampshire. Hayter made his debut in first-class cricket for Hampshire against Leicestershire at Leicester in the 1904 County Championship; he was one of seven consecutive Hampshire debutants in 1904, in what was a weak Hampshire side which would finish last in the County Championship. Hayter made six further first-class appearances for Hampshire in 1904, which included playing against the touring South Africans at Alton. In his seven first-class matches, Hayter scored 166 runs at an average of 13.83; he made one half century, a score of 82 against Derbyshire.

Outside of cricket, he was the head keeper of the Royalty Fishery in Christchurch Harbour from 1909 to 1946. Hayter died at Christchurch in May 1948.

Ringwood, Hampshire
Ringwood is a market town in south-west Hampshire, England, on the River Avon close to the New Forest, northeast of Bournemouth and southwest of Southampton. It was founded by the Anglo-Saxons, and has held a weekly market since the Middle Ages.