hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bingo Shooting Device
The Bingo Shooting Device is a small mousetrap-like device used in novelty pranks and magic tricks. The device, invented by Sam S. Adams for S.S. Adams Novelties in 1907, consists of a hinge that is closed over a spring-loaded hammer. When the hinge is allowed to open, the hammer is released and strikes a percussion cap, causing a loud bang. The mechanism has been adapted to many prank items, including pens that explode when the cap is removed and toilet seats that explode when raised.

Percussion cap
The percussion cap, percussion primer, or caplock, introduced in the early 1820s, is a type of single-use percussion ignition device for muzzle loader firearm locks enabling them to fire reliably in any weather condition. Its invention gave rise to the caplock mechanism or percussion lock system which used percussion caps struck by the hammer to set off the gunpowder charge in  rifles and cap and ball firearms. Any firearm using a caplock mechanism is a percussion gun. Any long gun with a cap-lock mechanism and rifled barrel is a percussion rifle. Cap and ball describes cap-lock firearms discharging a single bore-diameter spherical bullet with each shot.
Preethi Vathsalya
Preethi Vathsalya is a 1984 Indian Kannada-language film, directed by H. R. Bhargava and produced by Bhargava and D. V. Rajaram. The film stars Tiger Prabhakar, Aarathi, Srinath and Sridhar. The film has musical score by Rajan–Nagendra.

H. R. Bhargava
Hunsur Ramachandra Bhagyachandra (Kannada: ಹು. ರಾ. ಭಾರ್ಗವ), known mononymously as Bhargava, is an Indian film director who worked primarily in Kannada cinema. Originally a producer, he came to be considered one of the best directors in Kannada cinema, and he was awarded the Puttanna Kanagal Award, the highest award in Kannada cinema, in 2012. He has directed 50 films.
Nikodimos of Ierissos
Nikodimos Anagnostou (Greek: Νικόδημος Αναγνώστου; September 7, 1931, Ierissos – September 16, 2012, Arnaia) was a Greek Orthodox bishop of Ierissos from 1981 to 2012.

He graduated with honors from the Theological School of Halki in 1955, and in the same year he was ordained a Deacon and then an Presbyter in the Theological School of Halki by the Headmaster of the School, Bishop of Konya, Iakovos.

Ierissos
Ierissos (Greek: Ιερισσός) is a small town on the east coast of the Akti peninsula in Chalkidiki, Greece. It is located 115 km from Thessaloniki, and 10 km from the border of the Autonomous Monastic State of the Holy Mountain, or Mount Athos. It is the site of Ancient city and former bishopric Hierissus, and as such remains a Latin Catholic titular see. Ferries run from Ierissos to the east coast of Mount Athos.

Since the 2011 local government reform Ierissos has been the seat of the municipality of Aristotelis, and of the municipal unit of Stagira-Akanthos.
Alma Canales
Alma Canales (born 1947) is an American organizer and activist best known for being the first and only Chicana, and the only Mexican-American, to run for lieutenant governor of Texas before Linda Chavez-Thompson in 2010 and Leticia Van de Putte in 2014. In the 1970s, she actively participated in the Chicano movement as a member of the Mexican American Youth Organization (MAYO) and as an organizer in the Raza Unida Party (RUP).

Linda Chavez-Thompson
Linda Chavez-Thompson (born August 3, 1944) is a second-generation Mexican-American union leader. She was elected the executive vice-president of the AFL-CIO in 1995 and served until September 21, 2007. She was also a vice chair of the Democratic National Committee from 1997 to 2012 and served as a member of the board of trustees of United Way of America. She was the Democratic nominee for Lieutenant Governor of Texas in the 2010 election.
Breakthrough (The Gaslamp Killer album)
Breakthrough is the first studio album by American alternative-hip hop producer The Gaslamp Killer. It was released on Brainfeeder on September 17, 2012. The album features guest appearances from Gonjasufi, Daedelus, and Samiyam, among others.

Brainfeeder
Brainfeeder is an independent record label based in Los Angeles, California, founded by Flying Lotus in 2008, focusing on electronic music and instrumental hip hop. It has signed artists such as Ras G, Samiyam, The Gaslamp Killer, Thundercat, The Underachievers, Lapalux, Daedelus, Genevieve Artadi, Hiatus Kaiyote, Kit Sebastian and Mr. Oizo.
Protoneuridae
Protoneuridae was formerly considered a family of damselflies. Recent taxonomic revisions have classified the species previously placed in Protoneuridae into two existing families - Coenagrionidae and Platycnemididae, both in the superfamily Coenagrionoidea.

Along with Pseudostigmatidae, New World Protoneuridae are now sunk in Coenagrionidae and Old World Protoneuridae in Platycnemididae.

Old World
The "Old World" (Latin: Mundus vetus) is a term for Afro-Eurasia coined by Europeans after 1493, when they became aware of the existence of the Americas. It is used to contrast the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia in the Eastern Hemisphere, previously thought of by the Europeans as the entire world, with the "New World", a term for the newly encountered lands of the Western Hemisphere, particularly the Americas.
ASN Co building
The ASN Co building is a heritage-listed building located at 1–5 Hickson Road, The Rocks, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Completed in 1885 and built in the Pre-Federation Anglo Dutch style under the direction of William Wardell and his associate, Walter Liberty Vernon, the building served as the principal offices and warehouse for the Australasian Steam Navigation Company until the company's merger in 1887, when the Government of New South Wales acquired the land used for ordinance facilities and later as government administration offices. Since 1989 the building has been owned by the Sydney Cove Redevelopment Authority and its successors. The building is currently used as an art gallery to display the works of Ken Done.

The building is owned by the Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority and is listed on the (now defunct) Register of the National Estate and on the non-statutory National Trust of Australia heritage register.

Walter Liberty Vernon
Colonel Walter Liberty Vernon VD FRIBA (11 August 1846 – 17 January 1914) was an English architect who migrated to Australia and pursued his career as an architect in Sydney, New South Wales. In his role as the New South Wales Government Architect he is noted for designing multiple government buildings, many of which are extant with listings on national and state heritage registers.
2021 São Paulo Challenger de Tênis – Doubles
Luis David Martínez and Felipe Meligeni Alves were the defending champions but chose to defend their title with different partners. Martínez partnered Fernando Romboli but lost in the semifinals to Nicolás Barrientos and Alejandro Gómez. Meligeni Alves partnered Rafael Matos but withdrew before the final due to a positive test for COVID-19.

Barrientos and Gómez won the title by walkover after Matos and Meligeni Alves withdrew before the final.

Luis David Martínez
Luis David Martínez (Latin American Spanish: [ˈlwis ðaˈβið maɾˈtines]; born 12 May 1989 in Lara) is a Venezuelan tennis player who specializes in doubles.
He has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 85 achieved on 3 July 2023 and a career-high singles ranking of No. 390 achieved on 10 February 2014. He is currently the No. 3 Venezuelan player.

Martínez has represented Venezuela at the Davis Cup where he has a win–loss record of 23–13.
Gudusia chapra
Gudusia chapra, or the Indian river shad, is a species of fish in the family Clupeidae, occurring in rivers of India and Bangladesh draining to the Bay of Bengal (e.g. the Ganges, Brahmaputra, Mahanadi River), and also reported from Pakistan and Nepal. Outside the rivers it also occurs in ponds, beels, ditches and inundated fields.

Mahanadi
The Mahanadi River is a major river in East Central India. It drains an area of around 132,100 square kilometres (51,000 sq mi) and has a total length of 900 kilometres (560 mi). Mahanadi is also known for the Hirakud Dam which was the first major multipurpose river valley project after India's independence in 1947. The river flows through the states of Chhattisgarh and Odisha, before finally ending in the Bay of Bengal.
Chatchai-decha Butdee
Chatchai-decha Butdee (Thai: ฉัตร์ชัยเดชา บุตรดี, RTGS: Chatchaidecha Butdi, pronounced [t͡ɕʰàt.t͡ɕʰāj.dēː.t͡ɕʰāː bùt.dīː]), formerly Chatchai Butdee (ฉัตร์ชัย บุตรดี, RTGS: Chatchai Butdi, [tɕʰàt.tɕʰāj bùt.dīː]; born 26 March 1985), is a Thai southpaw boxer who won a bronze medal at the 2013 World Championships. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, competing in the flyweight, he was defeated in his second bout. At the 2016 Summer Olympics, Butdee was again eliminated in his second bout. In Muay Thai he was known as Thapraya KimichiangKorsang (Thai: ตาพระยา กิมเชียงก่อสร้าง

Boxing at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's flyweight
The men's flyweight boxing competition at the 2012 Olympic Games in London was held from 30 July to 12 August at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre. The gold medal was won by Robeisy Ramírez

Twenty-six boxers from 26 nations are competing.
The Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation
The Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation was founded in 1918 by Louis Comfort Tiffany to operate his estate, Laurelton Hall, in Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island. It was designed to be a summer retreat for artists and craftspeople.   In 1946 the estate closed and the foundation changed its purpose from a retreat to the bestowing of grants to artists.

The first director of the foundation was Sarah Eileen Hanley.

In closing down her father's residence after his death, George Frederick Kunz' daughter, Ruby Zinsser, donated two paintings by Louis C. Tiffany to the Tiffany Foundation. "In 1935, the family of George F. Kunz donated two Tiffany paintings to the picture gallery." In this, she was following her father's inclination, since he had previously donated a Syrian bracelet and mineral collection to the Foundation in 1928.

Cold Spring Harbor, New York
Cold Spring Harbor is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of Huntington, in Suffolk County, on the North Shore of Long Island in New York. As of the 2010 United States census, the CDP population was 5,070.
Computational literacy
Computational literacy is a term that is used to describe the broad ability to apply computational thinking and awareness of the range, scope and limitations of computational techniques. It is distinct from the ability to perform math calculations by hand, instead anticipating that the actual computations will be performed by computers.

A leading advocate of Computational literacy, Conrad Wolfram explains the difference as "The maths taught around the world today does not fit how it is used in the real world. Computation technology is more accessible than ever before, but no curriculum in the world assumes it exists. Instead, it is focussed on the mechanics of hand calculation, rather than the essence of real-world maths." Andrea diSessa has stated that "computers might fundamentally change learning".

Conrad Wolfram
Conrad Wolfram (born 10 June 1970) is a British technologist and businessman known for his work in information technology and mathematics education reform. In June 2020, Wolfram released his first book, The Math(s) Fix: An Education Blueprint for the AI Age.
Schmieder
Schmieder is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Eduard Schmieder (born 1948), German violinist and teacher

Günther Schmieder (born 1957), German nordic combined skier

Heinrich Schmieder (1970-2010), German actor

Helmut Schmieder, German conoeist

Oskar Schmieder (1891–1980), the namesake of Schmiederite

Robert Schmieder (born 1941), American scientist and explorer

Werner Schmieder (born 1926), German politician

Wolfgang Schmieder (1901-1990), German musicologist

Schmiederite
Schmiederite is a secondary mineral in the oxidized zone of selenium-bearing hydrothermal base metal deposits. Its chemical formula is Pb2Cu2(Se4+O3)(Se6+O4)(OH)4.

It was first described in 1962 for an occurrence in the Cóndor mine, Los Llantenes district, Sierra de Cacheuta, La Rioja Province, Argentina (type locality). It was named for Oscar Schmieder (1891–1980), German geographer.
MS Skåne
MS Skane (Swedish: Skåne) is a Swedish passenger ferry in operation between Trelleborg in Scania, Sweden and Rostock in Mecklenburg, Germany. The world's largest multi-purpose ro-ro/train ferry, it is owned by the Stena Line, and operated by Scandlines. The ship was built in 1997-98 by Astilleros Españoles of Spain. It is named for the southern Swedish province of Skåne, called "Scania" in English.

Scandlines
Scandlines is a ferry company that operates the Rødby–Puttgarden and Gedser–Rostock ferry routes between Denmark and Germany.

Scandlines owns seven ferries, six of which are hybrid ferries, making it the owner of the world’s largest fleet of hybrid ferries. The company has two subsidiaries—Scandlines Danmark ApS and Scandlines Deutschland GmbH—which operate in the two main countries.
Ulansuhai Formation
The Ulansuhai Formation (simplified Chinese: 乌兰苏海组; traditional Chinese: 烏蘭蘇海組; pinyin: Wūlánsūhǎi Zǔ) is a geological formation in Inner Mongolia, north China. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.

The Ulansuhai Formation has traditionally been considered to date to the Aptian-Albian stages of the Lower Cretaceous, due to similarities between the Ulansuhai fauna and known Aptian formations. However, radiometric dating done on underlying formations has shown this to be incorrect. Due to the age of underlying rocks, the Ulansuhai Formation cannot be older than the Turonian stage of the Late Cretaceous, about 92 Ma. Evans et al. (2021) suggested that the formation is likely dated to the Santonian-Campanian ages or older, but younger than 92 million years ago.

Albian
The Albian is both an age of the geologic timescale and a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is the youngest or uppermost subdivision of the Early/Lower Cretaceous Epoch/Series. Its approximate time range is 113.2 ± 0.3 Ma to 100.5 ± 0.1 Ma (million years ago). The Albian is preceded by the Aptian and followed by the Cenomanian.
Big Gold Belt
The Big Gold Belt is a historic professional wrestling championship belt that has represented titles in multiple promotions throughout its history. Originally designed in 1985 by silversmith Charles Crumrine and commissioned by Jim Crockett Promotions for Ric Flair as the NWA World Heavyweight Champion, the championship belt has three large gold plates with a distinctive name plate onto which the champion's name was etched. While not the first wrestling championship belt to incorporate a name plate, it popularized the concept. The original championship belt design was known for being unbranded as it only read "World Heavyweight Wrestling Champion" and bore no initials or trademark of its owning promotion.

Championship belt
A championship belt is a large, extravagantly designed belt used primarily in combat sports as an award, similarly to trophies in other sports. There are several companies in the business of constructing championship belts. The first belt given as a prize for accomplishments within the ring was presented in 1810 by King George III to bare-knuckle boxer Tom Cribb, after he defeated Tom Molineaux, an American who was possibly a former slave.
Teresa Táboas
María Teresa Táboas Veleiro (born 1961 in Mexico City, Mexico) is an architect, professor and Galician politician. She has been part of the Galician government as Conselleira of House and Real State of the Board of Galicia between 2005 and 2009. She was chosen in 2009 deputy of the Galician Parliament, a post she occupied until February 2012.

Regional Government of Galicia
The Regional Government of Galicia (Galician: Xunta de Galicia, Galician pronunciation: [ˈʃuntɐ ðɪ ɣaˈliθjɐ]) is the collective decision-making body of the government of the autonomous community of Galicia, composed of the President, the Vice-president(s) and the specialized ministers (Conselleiros).

The Regional Government is based at Santiago de Compostela, the Galician government capital. The Xunta de Galicia has delegations in the four provincial capital cities of Galicia: A Coruña, Pontevedra, Ourense and Lugo.
Adolf Holtzmann
Adolf Holtzmann (2 May 1810 in Karlsruhe – 3 July 1870 in Heidelberg) was a German professor and philologist. His name is associated with a Proto-Germanic sound law known as Holtzmann's law.

He studied theology at the universities of Halle and Berlin, where he was a student of Friedrich Schleiermacher. He later studied philology at the University of Munich, where his influences included Johann Andreas Schmeller. Holtzmann also attended classes in Paris given by Eugène Burnouf, and beginning in 1837, spent a number of years working as a tutor to members of Baden royalty. From 1852 he was a professor of German literature and Sanskrit at the University of Heidelberg, and a notable philologist of his day.

Holtzmann was the father-in-law of Albrecht Kossel, German biochemist and 1910 Nobel laureate, by his marriage to Holtzmann's daughter, Luise, in 1886.

Baden
Baden (/ˈbɑːdən/; German: [ˈbaːdn̩]) is a historical territory in southern Germany. In earlier times it was considered to be on both sides of the Upper Rhine, but since the Napoleonic Wars, it has been considered only East of the Rhine.
Llanfallteg Formation
The Llanfallteg Formation is a geologic formation in Wales. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period. It predominantly consists of ash containing siltstones, as wells as ash fall deposits and tuffs. It likely dates to the Darriwilian based on graptolites. The local graptolite fauna includes Didymograptus artus and Glossograptus armatus. The local trilobite fauna includes agnostids, phacopids and asaphids.

Darriwilian
The Darriwilian is the upper stage of the Middle Ordovician. It is preceded by the Dapingian and succeeded by the Upper Ordovician Sandbian Stage. The lower boundary of the Darriwilian is defined as the first appearance of the graptolite species Undulograptus austrodentatus around 469.4 million years ago. It lasted for about 10.8 million years until the beginning of the Sandbian around 458.2 million years ago. This stage of the Ordovician was marked by the beginning of the Andean-Saharan glaciation.
Nikolai Dzhumagaliev
Nikolai Espolūly Jumağaliev (Kazakh: Николай Есполұлы Жұмағалиев, Russified as Dzhumagaliyev, Russian: Николай Есполович Джумагалиев; born 15 November 1952), also known as Metal Fang, is a Soviet serial killer, convicted of the murders of ten people in the Kazakh SSR (now Kazakhstan) between 1979 and 1990.

Dzhumagaliev killed and cannibalized at least ten people, targeting mainly women in the Almaty area, and is believed to have killed more until his arrest. He was declared insane and imprisoned in a mental hospital until escaping in 1989, but was recaptured two years later, and is currently serving his sentence.

Soviet people
The Soviet people (Russian: сове́тский наро́д, romanized: sovetsky narod) were the citizens and nationals of the Soviet Union. This demonym was presented in the ideology of the country as the "new historical unity of peoples of different nationalities" (новая историческая общность людей различных национальностей).
Down to Earth (Monie Love album)
Down to Earth is the debut studio album by English rapper Monie Love. It was released on 30 October 1990 on Warner Bros. Records. It peaked at 109 on the Billboard 200 and at 26 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, and spawned three charting singles. "It's a Shame (My Sister)" became Monie's only top-40 hit in the U.S., and peaked at 26 on the Billboard Hot 100, while "Monie in the Middle" and "Down 2 Earth" were both successful on the R&B and hip hop charts.

Coke Escovedo
Joseph Thomas "Coke" Escovedo (April 30, 1941 – July 13, 1986) was an American percussionist, who came from a prominent musical family including five musician brothers and his niece, Sheila E. He played in various genres, including R&B, jazz fusion and soul, with bands including Santana, Malo, Cal Tjader, and Azteca.
Nevirapine
Nevirapine (NVP), sold under the brand name Viramune among others, is a medication used to treat and prevent HIV/AIDS, specifically HIV-1. It is generally recommended for use with other antiretroviral medications. It may be used to prevent mother to child spread during birth but is not recommended following other exposures. It is taken by mouth.

Common side effects include rash, headache, nausea, feeling tired, and liver problems. The liver problems and skin rash may be severe and should be checked for during the first few months of treatment. It appears to be safe for use during pregnancy. It is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and works by blocking the function of reverse transcriptase.

Nevirapine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1996. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication.

Liver disease
Liver disease, or hepatic disease, is any of many diseases of the liver. If long-lasting it is termed chronic liver disease. Although the diseases differ in detail, liver diseases often have features in common.
Krazzy Kiya Re
Airtel Krazzy Kiya Re also known as KKR and broadcast on DD National is an Indian 2008 dance reality show with comedy.  It consistently remained in top five in the TRP chart.

The show was produced by known production and post-production house Prime Focus and directed by Gyan Sahay. The show was hosted by two anchors Sahitya Sahay and Agastya Jain and judged by Sudha Chandran, Krushna Abhishek, Bakhtiyaar Irani and Habiba Rahman.

Bharti Airtel
Bharti Airtel is an Indian multinational telecommunications company headquartered in New Delhi. It operates in 18 countries across Indian Subcontinent, Africa, and the Channel Islands. In India, the company provides mobile telephony services using 5G, 4G, and LTE Advanced technologies, along with fixed-line broadband and voice services, while the range of services varies by country of operation.

Airtel is the second-largest mobile network operator in India and one of the largest mobile network operators globally by subscriber base. It has also deployed Voice over LTE (VoLTE) technology across telecom circles in India to support voice calls over 4G networks.
Interactive design
Interactive design is a user-oriented field of study that focuses on meaningful communication using media to create products through cyclical and collaborative processes between people and technology. Successful interactive designs have simple, clearly defined goals, a strong purpose and intuitive screen interface.

Means of communication
Means of communication or media are ways used by people to communicate and exchange information with each other as an information sender and a receiver. Diverse arrays of media that reach a large audience via mass communication are called mass media.
PEN World Voices
The PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature is an annual week-long literary festival held in New York City and Los Angeles. The festival was founded by Salman Rushdie, Esther Allen, and Michael Roberts and was launched in 2005. The festival includes events, readings, conversations, and debates that showcase international literature and new writers. The festival is produced by PEN America, a nonprofit organization that works to advance literature, promote free expression, and foster international literary fellowship.

Paul Auster
Paul Benjamin Auster (February 3, 1947 – April 30, 2024) was an American writer, novelist, memoirist, poet, and filmmaker. His notable works include The New York Trilogy (1987), Moon Palace (1989), The Music of Chance (1990), The Book of Illusions (2002), The Brooklyn Follies (2005), Invisible (2009), Sunset Park (2010), Winter Journal (2012), and 4 3 2 1 (2017). His books have been translated into more than 40 languages.