hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quantum computational chemistry
Quantum computational chemistry is an emerging field that exploits quantum computing to simulate chemical systems. Despite quantum mechanics' foundational role in understanding chemical behaviors, traditional computational approaches face significant challenges, largely due to the complexity and computational intensity of quantum mechanical equations. This complexity arises from the exponential growth of a quantum system's wave function with each added particle, making exact simulations on classical computers inefficient.

Efficient quantum algorithms for chemistry problems are expected to have run-times and resource requirements that scale polynomially with system size and desired accuracy. Experimental efforts have validated proof-of-principle chemistry calculations, though currently limited to small systems.

Qubit
In quantum computing, a qubit (/ˈkjuːbɪt/) or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information; a binary qudit – the quantum version of the classic binary bit physically realized with a two-state device. A qubit is a two-state (or two-level) quantum-mechanical system, one of the simplest quantum systems displaying the peculiarity of quantum mechanics. Examples include the spin of the electron in which the two levels can be taken as spin up and spin down; or the polarization of a single photon in which the two spin states (left-handed and the right-handed circular polarization) can also be measured as horizontal and vertical linear polarization. In a classical system, a bit would have to be in one state or the other. However, quantum mechanics allows the qubit to be in a coherent superposition of multiple states simultaneously, a property that is fundamental to quantum mechanics and quantum computing.
CITIC Securities
CITIC Securities Co., Ltd. is a Chinese full-service investment bank.  It offers services in underwriting, research, brokerage, asset management, wealth management, and investment advisory. CITIC Securities was established in 1995 and it is headquartered in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province. By mid-2020, it was among China's four largest securities firms, together with Guotai Junan Securities, GF Securities, and Haitong Securities.

Securities research
Securities research is a discipline within the financial services industry.  Securities research professionals are known most generally as "analysts", "research analysts", or "securities analysts"; all the foregoing terms are synonymous. Research analysts produce research reports and typically issue a recommendation: buy ("overweight"), hold, or sell ("underweight"); see target price and trade idea.

These reports can be accessed from a number of sources, and brokerages will often offer the reports free to their customers.  Research can be categorized by the security type, as well as by whether it is buy-side research or sell-side research;  analysts further focus on particular industries.  Although usually associated with fundamental analysis, research also focuses on technical analysis, and reports will often include both.
See also Financial analyst  § Securities firms.
Seger
Seger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adolf Seger (born 1945), German  wrestler

Bob Seger (born 1945), American rock and roll singer-songwriter and musician

Caroline Seger (born 1985), Swedish footballer

Francis Seger (1796–1872), American politician

George N. Seger (1866–1940), American politician

Gerhart Seger (1896–1967), German politician

Joe Seger (born 1935), American archaeologist

John Homer Seger (1846–1928), American educator

Jon Seger, American evolutionary ecologist

Josef Seger (1716–1782), Czech organist, composer, and educator

Linda Seger (born 1945), American author and screenwriting consultant

Daniel Seger (born 1977), Liechtenstein politician

Mathias Seger (born 1977), Swiss ice hockey player

Shea Seger (born 1979), American singer-songwriter

Jon Seger
Jon Allen Seger is an American evolutionary ecologist, and Distinguished Professor of Biology at the University of Utah. He helped develop the theory of bet-hedging in biology. His work has appeared in leading scientific journals such as Nature, Science, Nature Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evolution, Journal of Evolutionary Biology, as well as popular magazines such as Scientific American.
Kevin Grumbach
Kevin Grumbach is an American physician, academic and advocate for single-payer health insurance. He is the Chair of the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco.

Grumbach is an outspoken supporter of universal health care, specifically in the framework of a single-payer, Medicare-for-all system. He advocates increased focus and funding for primary care and preventative medicine, especially in underrepresented inner-city and rural areas. Grumbach was involved in creating some of the primary care provisions in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010.

Single-payer healthcare
Single-payer healthcare is a type of universal healthcare, in which the costs of essential healthcare for all residents are covered by a single public system (hence "single-payer"). Single-payer systems may contract for healthcare services from private organizations (as is the case in Canada) or may own and employ healthcare resources and personnel (as is the case in the United Kingdom). "Single-payer" describes the mechanism by which healthcare is paid for by a single public authority, not a private authority, nor a mix of both.
Second Djerad government
The second Djerad government (Arabic: حكومة جراد الثانية) was the forty-seventh government of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria. It was the second government formed by Abdelaziz Djerad on 4 May 2020 under President Abdelmadjid Tebboune.

Abdelmadjid Tebboune
Abdelmadjid Tebboune (Arabic: عَبد الْمَجِيْد تَبُّون, romanized: ʿAbd al-Majīd Tabbūn; born 17 November 1945) is an Algerian politician currently serving as the president of Algeria since December 2019 and as minister of defence.

Tebboune took over the power after former president Abdelaziz Bouteflika and former acting head of state Abdelkader Bensalah. Previously, he was Prime Minister of Algeria from May 2017 to August 2017. In addition, he was also minister of housing from 2001 to 2002 for a year and again from 2012 to 2017 for five years.
Canton of Vesoul-2
The Canton of Vesoul-2 (before March 2015: Vesoul-Est) is a French administrative division, in the arrondissement of Vesoul, in Haute-Saône département (Bourgogne-Franche-Comté région). It consists of the eastern part of the commune of Vesoul and its eastern suburbs. It has 16,072 inhabitants as of 2017.

Haute-Saône
Haute-Saône (French: [ot soːn] ⓘ; Frainc-Comtou: Hâte-Saône; English: Upper Saône) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of northeastern France. Named after the river Saône, it had a population of 235,313 in 2019. Its prefecture is Vesoul; its sole subprefecture is Lure.
Celeste De Luna
Celeste De Luna (born 1974) is a Mexican American Chicana visual artist, printmaker, and educator.

De Luna previously taught art at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, and is currently an assistant professor of Mexican American Studies at Northwest Vista College.

Lower Rio Grande Valley
The Lower Rio Grande Valley (Spanish: Valle del Río Grande), often referred to as the Rio Grande Valley (RGV) of South Texas, is a region located in the southernmost part of Texas. It is located along the border of Texas with Mexico located in a floodplain of the Rio Grande near its mouth. The region includes the southernmost tip of South Texas. It consists of the Brownsville-Harlingen and McAllen-Edinburg-Mission metropolitan areas, and the Rio Grande City-Roma and Raymondville micropolitan areas. The area is generally bilingual in English and Spanish, with a fair amount of Spanglish due to the region's diverse history and transborder agglomerations. It is home to some of the poorest cities in the nation, as well as many unincorporated, persistent poverty communities called colonias. A large seasonal influx occurs of "winter Texans" – people who come down from the north for the winter and then return north before summer arrives.
Seo Bok
Seo Bok (Korean: 서복), also known as Seo Bok: Project Clone, is a 2021 South Korean science fiction action thriller film written and directed by Lee Yong-ju. It stars Park Bo-gum as the title character, and Gong Yoo as a former intelligence agent. It was initially slated for a December 2020 release, however, its launch was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The film, which was pre-sold to 56 countries ahead of its launch, was eventually released simultaneously in theaters in South Korea and several Asian countries, as well as via streaming media TVING on April 15, 2021. It is the first Korean film released simultaneously in theaters and over-the-top media service.

The film received generally favorable reviews from critics, with Park's performance as a human clone gaining critical acclaim. He won Best New Actor at the 41st Golden Cinematography Awards for the role.

Jang Young-nam
Jang Young-nam (Korean: 장영남; born November 25, 1973) is a South Korean actress. She is skilled in both comedic and dramatic roles and easily transitions between different genres and mediums, including theater, television, and film. Her notable supporting film roles include A Werewolf Boy and Hello Ghost. In 2013, she took on her first leading film role in the crime thriller Azooma. Her performance in the film earned her the Best Actress Award from the Director's Guild at the 17th Busan International Film Festival (BIFF).

Jang began her career in theater before moving to supporting roles in television and film. She was a member of the Korean theater troupe Mokhwa Repertory Company. She is also a member of "Jang Jin's Division" (장진사단), a term used to describe actors who frequently appear in the works of director Jang Jin. She was also an original cast member of the live sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live Korea.
Gemini PDA
The Gemini PDA is a personal digital assistant designed by Planet Computers in association with Martin Riddiford, who formerly worked on the Psion Series 5 in the 1990s, and crowdfunded via Indiegogo in 2017. The Gemini bucks the trend of modern smartphones in its screen being primarily used in landscape aspect, and having a keyboard, i.e. taking on the form of a subnotebook.

Planet supports running two operating systems on the device, and it dual-boots between Android and Linux. Other possibilities include Sailfish OS.

Before January 2018, preproduction devices were made available to reviewers, and mass production was in full swing in December 2017 with devices starting to ship in late January 2018 to Indiegogo backers.

Indiegogo
Indiegogo (/ˌɪndiˈɡoʊɡoʊ/) is an American crowdfunding website founded in 2008 by Danae Ringelmann, Slava Rubin, and Eric Schell. Its headquarters are in San Francisco, California. Indegogo is one of the first sites to offer crowd funding. Users can solicit funds for an idea, charity, or start-up business. It charges a 5% fee on contributions  in addition to Stripe credit card processing charges of 2,9% + $0.30 per transaction. Fifteen million people visit the site each month.

The site runs on a rewards-based system, meaning donors, investors, or customers who are willing to help to fund a project or product can donate and receive a gift, rather than an equity stake in the company. Following changes in Security and Exchange Commission rules earlier in 2016, Indiegogo has partnered with MicroVentures to offer equity-based campaigns beginning in November 2016, allowing unaccredited investors to participate with equity stakes.
Electoral district of Gippsland West
The electoral district of Gippsland West was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Victoria. 
It was created by the Electoral Act Amendment Act 1888 along with Gippsland Central and 
Gippsland East. Gippsland North and Gippsland South were resized at the same time. The electorate was dissolved in 2002.

The principal towns of Gippsland West included Pakenham, Drouin, Warragul and Trafalgar.

Trafalgar, Victoria
Trafalgar is a town in the West Gippsland region of Victoria, Australia. The town lies on the Princes Highway and main Gippsland railway line about 10 kilometres (6 mi) west of Moe. The town backs onto the foothills of the Strzelecki Ranges to the south.  The township sits at approximately 70 metres above sea level. At the 2016 census, Trafalgar had a population of 3,912.
The town is named in honour of the Battle of Trafalgar, 1805, which established the Royal Navy's supremacy at sea; allowing consolidation of Britain's Australian colonies at the time.

Trafalgar Post Office opened on 2 June 1879.

Trafalgar was noted for having a cheese factory producing award-winning cheeses. The factory was owned by Petersville from 1960 until its closure in 1990.

The town has a railway station on the Bairnsdale railway line. It also has a swimming pool, tennis courts, Scouts hall, Uniting church and town hall.
Karol Pecze
Karol Pecze (born 7 February 1946) is a Slovak football manager.

He coached MŠK Žilina, Slovan Bratislava, FK DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda, Győri ETO FC, FC Nitra, Wisla Kraków, Spartak Trnava, 1. FC Košice, Gençlerbirliği, Çaykur Rizespor, Inter Bratislava, Panionios, Sivasspor.

Czechoslovak Cup
The Czechoslovak Cup (Czech: Československý pohár) was a football cup competition held in Czechoslovakia. It was officially created in 1960 and folded in 1993 with the split between Czech Republic and Slovakia.

The cup was played throughout Czechoslovakia until 1968–69. From the 1969–70 season to the 1992–93 season, the cup was played between the winners of  Czech Cup (Český pohár) and Slovak Cup (Slovenský pohár), which were thus the semi-finals of the Czechoslovak Cup. The modern Czech Cup and Slovak Cup are the successors of the Czechoslovak Cup.

Sparta Prague and Dukla Prague were the most successful clubs winning both 8 times. In total, Czech teams lifted the Cup 20 times, and Slovak teams 13 times.

The origins of the cup are in unofficial tournaments played in 1950–51, 1951–52, 1955 and 1959–60 season.
Steccherinum tenue
Steccherinum tenue is a hydnoid crust fungus of the family Steccherinaceae. It is found in the southern United States, where it grows on decaying angiospermous wood. The fungus was described as a new species in 1981 by mycologists Harold Burdsall and Karen Nakasone. The type, found growing on grape plants (Vitis), was collected in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (Tennessee) along the Rainbow Falls Trail. Steccherinum tenue has also been found on maple (Acer). The fungus is characterized by its thin grayish-yellow fruit bodies with grey to bluish-grey margins, a lack of rhizomorphs, and a scarcely developed subiculum. The specific epithet tenue (Latin for "thin") refers to the thin fruit bodies.

Basidiocarp
In fungi, a basidiocarp, basidiome, or basidioma (pl. basidiomata) is the sporocarp of a basidiomycete, the multicellular structure on which the spore-producing hymenium is borne. Basidiocarps are characteristic of the hymenomycetes; rusts and smuts do not produce such structures. As with other sporocarps, epigeous (above-ground) basidiocarps that are visible to the naked eye (especially those with a more or less agaricoid morphology) are commonly referred to as mushrooms, while hypogeous (underground) basidiocarps are usually called false truffles.
Dell Flight Strip
Dell Flight Strip (FAA LID: 4U9) is a public-use airport located one nautical mile (1.85 km) northwest of the central business district of Dell, in Beaverhead County, Montana, United States. It is owned by the Montana Department of Transportation Aeronautics Division and provides general aviation service.

Beaverhead County, Montana
Beaverhead County is the largest county by area in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,371. Its county seat is Dillon. The county was founded in 1865.

Much of the perimeter of the county is the Continental Divide, including its entire border with the state of Idaho. The divide heads east into Montana at the county border with Ravalli County, between Lost Trail Pass and Chief Joseph Pass.
Gymnastics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games
Gymnastics competitions at the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham, England, were held from 29 July to 6 August 2022. The sport made its tenth appearance since its 1978 debut and its second appearance within England specifically, spread across twenty events.

South Africa at the 2022 Commonwealth Games
South Africa competed at the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham, England from 28 July to 8 August 2022. It was South Africa's 14th appearance at the Commonwealth Games.

Para-swimmer Christian Sadie and netballer Bongiwe Msomi were the country's flagbearers during the opening ceremony.

Durban initially secured the hosting rights after Edmonton withdrew from the bidding contest, which would have led to the Games being hosted on African soil for the first time. However, the South African government subsequently claimed it would not be possible to host the Games because of financial constraints; as a result, the CGF stripped Durban of their hosting rights in March 2017.
Koanga
Koanga is an opera written between 1896 and 1897, with music by Frederick Delius and a libretto by Charles Francis Keary, inspired partly by the book The Grandissimes: A Story of Creole Life by George Washington Cable (1880).  Inspiration also came from Delius's own experiences as a young man, when his family sent him to work in Florida. It was Delius's third opera, and he thought better of it than of its predecessors, Irmelin and The Magic Fountain, because of the incorporation of dance scenes and his treatment of the choruses. Koanga is reputed to be the first opera in the European tradition to base much of its melodic material on African-American music.

Charles Francis Keary
Charles Francis Keary (29 March 1848 – 25 October 1917) was an English scholar and historian. His later work as a novelist influenced the modernist writer James Joyce. However, the English novelist George Gissing read four of Keary's works, including three novels, in the first 31 days of 1896, and found the novel Herbert Vanlennert, "a long, conscientious, uninspired book".
Alfredo Joignant
Alfredo Roberto Joignant Rondón (born August 28, 1964) is a Chilean sociologist and political scientist who served on the Governing Council of Chile's Electoral Service (Servel) from 2013 to 2025. A professor at Diego Portales University and principal researcher at the Center for Social Conflict and Cohesion Studies (COES), he has played a prominent role in Chilean academic and political discourse. Joignant has also held leadership positions in professional associations, contributed to major policy debates, and maintained a regular presence in national media.

Diego Portales University
Diego Portales University (Spanish: Universidad Diego Portales, UDP) is one of the first private universities founded in Chile and is named after the Chilean statesman Diego Portales.

UDP has campuses in the Barrio Universitario de Santiago and Huechuraba.
Jon Baker (linebacker)
Jonathan Baker (June 14, 1923 – November 26, 1992) was an American professional football player who was a linebacker for the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL).  He played college football for the California Golden Bears and was selected in the seventh round of the 1949 NFL draft by the Los Angeles Rams.

1949 NFL draft
The 1949 NFL draft was held on December 21, 1948, at The Bellevue-Stratford Hotel in Philadelphia. The draft was preceded by a secret  draft meeting held November 15, 1948, at the Hotel Schenley in Pittsburgh.

This was the third year that the first overall pick was a bonus pick determined by lottery, with the previous two winners (Chicago Bears in 1947 and Washington Redskins in 1948) ineligible from the draw; it was won by the Philadelphia Eagles, who selected center/linebacker Chuck Bednarik.
Hu Dandan
Hu Dandan (born 10 March 1989 in Xuzhou) is a Chinese powerlifter and former wheelchair tennis player. She won the gold medal at the women's 45 kg event at the 2016 Summer Paralympics, with 107 kilograms. She won the gold medal at the women's 50 kg event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics, with 120 kilograms.

Wheelchair tennis
Wheelchair tennis is one of the forms of tennis adapted for wheelchair users. The size of the court, net height and rackets are the same, but there are two major differences from pedestrian tennis: athletes use specially designed wheelchairs, and the ball may bounce up to two times, where the second bounce may also occur outside the court.

Wheelchair tennis has been played at all four Grand Slams since 2007 and is one of the sports played at the Summer Paralympics. There are three categories: Men, Women, and Quads; each category has singles and doubles tournaments. The Quad, the newest division, is for players who have substantial loss of function in at least one upper limb, but may include various disabilities besides quadriplegia. The division is sometimes called Mixed, especially at the Paralympic Games. Quad players often tape the rackets to their hand, to compensate for loss of function, and some players are allowed to use electric-powered wheelchairs.
James v Redcats (Brands) Ltd
James v Redcats (Brands) Ltd [2007] IRLR 296 is a legal case in the United Kingdom on the definition of a worker under the National Minimum Wage Act 1998. The Employment Appeal Tribunal held that a lack of "mutuality of obligation" does not affect the status of being an employee, and therefore coverage under the 1998 Act.

National Minimum Wage Act 1998
The National Minimum Wage Act 1998 (c. 39) creates a minimum wage across the United Kingdom. From 1 April 2025, the minimum wage is £12.21 per hour for people aged 21 and over, £10.00 for people aged 18-20, and £7.55 for people aged under 18 and apprentices aged under 19 or in the first year of their apprenticeship. (See Current and past rates.)

It was a flagship policy of the Labour Party in the UK during their successful 1997 general election campaign. The national minimum wage (NMW) took effect on 1 April 1999. On 1 April 2016, an amendment to the act attempted an obligatory "National Living Wage" for workers over 25 (now extended to workers aged 21 and over), which was implemented at a significantly higher minimum wage rate of £7.20. This was expected to rise to at least £9 per hour by 2020, but in reality by that year it had only reached £8.72 per hour.
Egil Meidell Hopp
Egil Meidell Hopp (6 October 1898 – 9 November 1972) was a Norwegian journalist and intelligence agent.

He was born in Bergen, a son of Kristian Hopp and Anna Christine Meidell. He was a brother of Einar Meidell Hopp. He finished his secondary education at Bergen Cathedral School in 1916, studied one year at the Norwegian Military Academy, later initiated law studies, graduated as cand.jur. in 1923. He worked as a lawyer until 1928, when he started his career as journalist. He worked as journalist for the newspapers Morgenbladet and Aftenposten, and for the Norwegian News Agency. During the German occupation of Norway he was an undercover intelligence agent, active from 1940 to March 1945, with the cover name "Truls".

Morgenbladet
Morgenbladet is Norway's oldest daily newspaper, covering politics, culture and science, now a weekly news magazine primarily directed at well-educated readers. The magazine is notable for its opinion section featuring contributions exclusively from Norwegian academics and other intellectuals.