hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Monkeys and apes in space
Before humans went into space in the 1960s, several other animals were launched into space, including numerous other primates, so that scientists could investigate the biological effects of spaceflight. The United States launched flights containing primate passengers primarily between 1948 and 1961 with one flight in 1969 and one in 1985. France launched two monkey-carrying flights in 1967. The Soviet Union and Russia launched monkeys between 1983 and 1996. Most primates were anesthetized before lift-off.

Over thirty-two non-human primates flew in the space program; none flew more than once. Numerous backup primates also went through the programs but never flew. Monkeys and non-human apes from several species were used, including rhesus macaque, crab-eating macaque, squirrel monkeys, pig-tailed macaques, and chimpanzees.

Southern pig-tailed macaque
The southern pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina), also known as the Sundaland pig-tailed macaque and the Sunda pig-tailed macaque, is a medium-sized macaque that lives in Sundaland, southern Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. It is known locally as beruk.
Fashion and History: A Dialogue
Fashion and History: A Dialogue was a 1992 exhibition of the Costume Institute at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (The Met). The exhibit featured European and American clothing and accessories from a variety of time periods. The curator was Katell Le Bourhis. The exhibition ran from December 7, 1992, to March 21, 1993 and had more than 200 pieces, many of them donated. Of that total, 120 mannequins were assembled entirely.

The event took place in the basement, a space of 5,000 square feet, and had four central themes: Floral Imagery, Symbolism of Black and White, Geometric and Abstract Imagery, and The Evolution of Tweeds.

Anna Wintour Costume Center
The Anna Wintour Costume Center is a wing of the Metropolitan Museum of Art main building in New York City, United States. It houses the collection of the Costume Institute, a curatorial department of the museum focused on fashion and costume design. The center is named after Anna Wintour, the longtime editor-in-chief of Vogue, Chief Content Officer of Condé Nast, and chair of the museum's annual Met Gala (often called the "Met Ball") since 1995. It was endowed by Lizzie and Jonathan Tisch. As of August 2017, the chief curator is Andrew Bolton.

The center was formally opened by the First Lady of the United States Michelle Obama on May 5, 2014. Guests included Sarah Jessica Parker, Diane Von Furstenberg, Tory Burch, Zac Posen, Ralph Lauren, and Donatella Versace.
Tolgay
Tolgay is a Turkish given name for males.  "Tol" means "gift" or "present" in Turkish, and the word "gay" means "swift" or "fast".

Therefore, Tolgay can be interpreted as "swift gift" or "fast present" in Turkish. Notable people with the surname include:

Tolgay Arslan (born 1990), German-Turkish football player

Tolgay Özbey (born 1986), Australian-Turkish football player

Tolgay Arslan
Tolgay Ali Arslan (Turkish pronunciation: [toɫɡaj ali aɾsɫan]; born August 16, 1990) is a German professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for J1 League club Sanfrecce Hiroshima.

He has represented both Germany and Turkey internationally at youth level.
Papaverine
Papaverine (Latin papaver, "poppy") is an opium alkaloid antispasmodic drug, used primarily in the treatment of visceral spasms and vasospasms (especially those involving the intestines, heart, or brain), occasionally in the treatment of erectile dysfunction and acute mesenteric ischemia. While it is found in the opium poppy, papaverine differs in both structure and pharmacological action from the analgesic morphine and its derivatives (such as codeine).

In addition to opium, papaverine is purported to be present in high concentrations in star gooseberry.

Vasospasm
Vasospasm refers to a condition in which an arterial spasm leads to vasoconstriction. This can lead to tissue ischemia (insufficient blood flow) and tissue death (necrosis).

Along with physical resistance, vasospasm is a main cause of ischemia. Like physical resistance, vasospasms can occur due to atherosclerosis. Vasospasm is the major cause of Prinzmetal's angina.

Cerebral vasospasm may arise in the context of subarachnoid hemorrhage as symptomatic vasospasm (or delayed cerebral ischemia), where it is a major contributor to post-operative stroke and mortality. Vasospasm typically appears 4 to 10 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage, however the relationship between radiological arterial spasm (seen on angiography) and clinical neurological deterioration is nuanced and uncertain.
Jindal Steel
Jindal Steel Limited (JSL) is an Indian steel company based in New Delhi. JSPL is a part of OP Jindal Group.

In terms of tonnage, it is the third-largest private steel producer in India and the only private player in India to produce rails. The company manufactures and sells sponge iron, mild steel slabs, rails, mild steel, structural, hot rolled plates, iron ore pellets, and coils. Jindal Steel set up the world's first MXCOL plant at Angul, Odisha that uses the locally available and cheap high-ash coal and turns it into synthesis gas for steel making, reducing the dependence on imported coking coal.

Syngas
Syngas, or synthesis gas, is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in various ratios.  The gas often contains some carbon dioxide and methane.   It is principally used for producing ammonia or methanol. Syngas is combustible and can be used as a fuel. Historically, it has been used as a replacement for gasoline when gasoline supply has been limited; for example, wood gas was used to power cars in Europe during WWII (in Germany alone, half a million cars were built or rebuilt to run on wood gas).
Outer Touch
Outer Touch (American title Spaced Out, also known as Outer Reach and Outer Spaced) is a 1979 British science fiction sex comedy film directed by Norman J. Warren and starring Glory Annen, Barry Stokes and Ava Cadell. The screenplay was written by Andrew Payne from a story by David Speechley.

Bob Saget
Robert Lane Saget (May 17, 1956 – January 9, 2022) was an American stand-up comedian, actor, director, and television host. He portrayed Danny Tanner on the sitcom Full House (1987–1995) and its sequel Fuller House (2016–2020). Saget was the original host of America's Funniest Home Videos (1989–1997), and the voice of narrator Ted Mosby on the sitcom How I Met Your Mother (2005–2014). He was also known for his squeaky-clean family-sitcom image and at the same time profane comedian persona, with his 2014 album That's What I'm Talkin' About being nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album.
United States House Appropriations Subcommittee on Homeland Security
The House Subcommittee on Homeland Security is a standing subcommittee within the House Appropriations Committee. The United States House Committee on Appropriations has joint jurisdiction with the United States Senate Committee on Appropriations over all appropriations bills in the United States Congress. Each committee has 12 matching subcommittees, each of which is tasked with working on one of the twelve annual regular appropriations bills. This subcommittee has jurisdiction over the budget for the United States Department of Homeland Security.

The subcommittee is currently chaired by Republican Mark Amodei, and its Ranking Member is Henry Cuellar.

United States House Committee on Appropriations
The United States House Committee on Appropriations is a committee of the United States House of Representatives that is responsible for passing appropriation bills along with its Senate counterpart. The bills passed by the Appropriations Committee regulate expenditures of money by the government of the United States. As such, it is one of the most powerful committees, and its members are seen as influential.
Donovan Miller
Donovan Miller (born 14 January 1979) is a Jamaican-born former cricketer and current cricket coach. He represented Melbourne Cricket Club before moving to the UK, where he played 2nd XI cricket for Essex, Derbyshire, and minor county cricket for Hertfordshire. He played a role assisting Essex during the 2016 and 2017 County Championship campaigns, before commencing various roles for T20 franchises around the world. He was also part of the support staff for England's World Cup-winning campaign in 2019, as well as the Ashes series that followed later that summer.

Hertfordshire County Cricket Club
Hertfordshire County Cricket Club is one of twenty minor county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Hertfordshire.

The team is currently a member of the Minor Counties Championship Eastern Division and plays in the MCCA Knockout Trophy. Hertfordshire played List A matches occasionally from 1964 until 2004 but is not classified as a List A team per se.

The club is based at Balls Park, Hertford and also plays matches around the county at Cricket Field Lane in Bishop's Stortford, Long Marston, Brunton Memorial Ground in Radlett and North Mymms.
Muhsin Muhammad
Muhsin Muhammad II (/muːˈsɪn/; born Melvin Darnell Campbell Jr. on May 5, 1973) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver for the Carolina Panthers and Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL).  Muhammad played college football for Michigan State and was selected by the Panthers in the second round of the 1996 NFL draft. A two-time Pro Bowl selection (1999, 2004) and first-team All-Pro selection (2004), Muhammad was known for his nickname, "Moose", and for his signature touchdown dance, which was featured in one of the opening cameos of Madden NFL 2006. He was one of the NFL's best blocking receivers during his career.

Michigan State Spartans football
The Michigan State Spartans football program represents Michigan State University (MSU) in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) level. The Spartans are members of the Big Ten Conference. Michigan State claims a total of six national championships, including two (1952, 1965) from the major wire-services: AP Poll and/or Coaches' Poll. The Spartans have also won eleven conference championships, with two in the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association and nine in the Big Ten.

Home games of the Spartans are played at Spartan Stadium, which is located on the main university campus. Spartan Stadium is consistently ranked among the NCAA's top 25 in attendance. The Spartans are currently coached by Pat Fitzgerald.
Geoff Everett (footballer)
Geoff Everett (born 20 December 1960) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Everett came to Fitzroy from Warrandyte and made his league debut in the final round of the 1980 VFL season, against Carlton at Princes Park. He played the opening six rounds of the 1981 season, then didn't feature again for the rest of the year. In 1981 he made eight appearances, which included a win over Hawthorn, in which Everett tagged Leigh Matthews and was successful in blunting him.

In 1986, Everett coached Melton to a premiership in the Riddell District Football League.

Since then he has moved to Thailand and was coach of the Thailand Tigers Australian rules football team.

Riddell District Football Netball League
The Riddell District Football Netball League (RDFNL) is an Australian rules football and netball league in Victoria, Australia. The RDFNL covers towns in the Macedon Ranges and an area from Melton in the south to Kyneton and Lancefield in the north.

The league also runs junior competitions from Under 9 to Under 17 age groups.
1983 Liverpool City Council election
Elections to Liverpool City Council were held on 5 May 1983.  One third of the council was up for election and the Labour Party gained overall control of the council following it previously being under no overall control.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Liverpool City Council
Liverpool City Council, formerly the Liverpool Corporation is the local authority for the city of Liverpool in Merseyside, England. Liverpool has had a local authority since 1207, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. The council has been a member of the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority since 2014.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2010. It meets at Liverpool Town Hall and has its main offices at the Cunard Building.
Alexandros Avlonitis
Alexandros Avlonitis is a Greek politician who is a member of the Hellenic Parliament. Avlonitis, representative of the Corfu constituency, was first elected MP in the 2019 elections with Syriza and was re-elected in May and June 2023.  
In November 2024, in the midst of the crisis that erupted during the internal elections for the party's presidency, he resigned and became an independent, protesting against the undemocratic procedures followed in the election of delegates.
  After a few days he joined the new party of Stefanos Kasselakis, Movement for Democracy as one of the founding members.

Movement for Democracy (Greece)
Democrats – Progressive Centre (Greek: Δημοκράτες – Προοδευτικό Κέντρο, romanized: Dimokrates – Proodeftiko Kentro formerly Movement for Democracy) is a political party formed in Greece on 23 November 2024 by the former leader of Syriza, Stefanos Kasselakis after the party's extraordinary congress refused to approve his candidacy in the internal elections. The party's founding declaration was signed by, among others, five independent MPs, formerly members of the Syriza parliamentary group.
Leo Nuia
Leo Nuia was an officer in the Papua New Guinea Defence Force.

In 1991, when he was a Colonel, he replaced Colonel Lima Dataona as local commander on Bougainville Island, during a civil uprising. Security Challenges described him as a "hardliner". It said he led an unauthorized landing on Bougainville, which was counter to an interim ceasefire Papua New Guinea's civilian leadership had negotiated with Bougainville rebel forces, and disrupted their attempts to reach a lasting Peace Agreement. Nuia was suspended after he publicly criticized the Minister of Defence.

The final result of the conflict was that the rebels earned Bougainville Island the status of an autonomous region, within Papua New Guinea.

In 1997, Nuia served as Commander of the Papua New Guinea Defence Force.

Commander of the Papua New Guinea Defence Force
The Commander of the Papua New Guinea Defence Force is the highest-ranking military officer of in the Papua New Guinea Defence Force, who is responsible for maintaining the operational command of the military. The current commander is Brigadier general Gilbert Toropo.
The Last Enemy (autobiography)
The Last Enemy (first published in America as Falling Through Space), is a war memoir written by the Second World War Anglo-Australian fighter pilot Richard Hillary detailing his experiences during the Battle of Britain in 1940.

Fighter pilot
A fighter pilot or combat pilot is a military aviator trained to engage in air-to-air combat, air-to-ground combat and sometimes electronic warfare while in the cockpit of a fighter aircraft. Fighter pilots undergo specialized training in aerial warfare and dogfighting (close range aerial combat). A fighter pilot with at least five air-to-air kills becomes known as an ace.
Nytt Land
Nytt Land are a two-piece Nordic folk band from Kalachinsk in Siberia, Russia. Started by husband and wife Anatoly and Natalya Pakhalenko in 2013, the band released their third album Fimbulvinter on Cold Spring Records in 2017.

Wardruna
Wardruna is a Norwegian music group formed in 2003 by Einar Selvik along with Gaahl and Lindy-Fay Hella. They create musical renditions of Norse cultural and esoteric traditions and make significant use of Nordic historical and traditional instruments, including deer-hide frame drums, flutes, kraviklyra, mouth harp, goat horn, and lur. Non-traditional instruments, like the Finnish jouhikko, and other sources of sound like trees, rocks, water, and torches are also used.

The band have released six full-length albums, the first three based on Norse runes, the fourth based on the sayings of Odin from the Völuspá and other old Norse sources. The name Wardruna means "the guardian of secrets" or "she who whispers".
Lisdoonvarna
Lisdoonvarna (Irish: Lios Dúin Bhearna, meaning 'fort of the gapped keep') is a spa town in County Clare in Ireland. The town is famous for its music and festivals. Although the Lisdoonvarna Music Festival was discontinued in the 1980s, the town still hosts an annual matchmaking festival each September. The population was 934 at the 2022 census.

Spa town
A spa town is a resort town based on a mineral spa (a developed mineral spring). Patrons may visit spas to "take the waters" for their purported health benefits.

Thomas Guidott set up a medical practice in the English town of Bath in 1668. He became interested in the curative properties of the hot mineral waters there and in 1676 wrote A discourse of Bathe, and the hot waters there. Also, Some Enquiries into the Nature of the water. This brought the purported health-giving properties of the waters to the attention of the aristocracy, who started to partake in them soon after.

The term spa is used for towns or resorts offering hydrotherapy, which can include cold water or mineral water treatments and geothermal baths, and comes from the Belgian town Spa.
Amasa, Michigan
Amasa (/æm.əsə/ AM-ə-sə) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Iron County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The population of the CDP was 195 at the 2020 census.  The community is located within Hematite Township.

Hemlock River
The Hemlock River is a 12.9-mile-long (20.8 km) river in Michigan in the United States. It is a tributary of the Paint River, which flows to the Brule River, then the Menominee River, and ultimately Lake Michigan.
Jim McMasters
Jim McMasters (born September 20, 1952) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey forward.  He was drafted by the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League in the third round, 37th overall, of the 1972 NHL Entry Draft; however, he never played in that league. He played 83 regular-season games and nine playoff games in the World Hockey Association with the Cleveland Crusaders in the 1972–73 and 1973–74 seasons. McMasters was born in High River, Alberta, but grew up in Nanton, Alberta.

Cleveland Crusaders
The Cleveland Crusaders were a professional ice hockey team from Cleveland. They played in the World Hockey Association from 1972 to 1976. Their home ice was the Cleveland Arena from 1972 to 1974, and the Richfield Coliseum from 1974 to 1976.
A. J. Manikannan
A. J. Manikannan is an Indian politician who is a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as a Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from Ulundurpet in 2021 and also from Thirunavalur constituency in the 1996 election. He contested the seat again in the 2001 elections and came second to K. G. P. Gnanamoorthy of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. He has been a loyal candidate of DMK and dispersed his duties in good will of the society.

1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election
The eleventh legislative assembly election of Tamil Nadu was held on 2 May 1996 to elect members from 234 constituencies for the state legislature. The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) led front won the election securing 221 seats in the 234 seat Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly, and its leader M. Karunanidhi, became the chief minister.

In the tenth Tamil Nadu assembly, All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) held the majority with its leader J. Jayalalithaa as the chief minister. The elections resulted in a landslide defeat for the incumbent government, with the AIADMK winning only four seats. Outgoing chief minister Jayalalithaa lost the election from the Bargur, and became the first incumbent chief minister since M. Bakthavatsalam in 1967 to lose the elections.
Towards the Horizon (composition)
Towards the Horizon is the second cello concerto by the Finnish composer Einojuhani Rautavaara.  The work was commissioned by the Minnesota Orchestra under the direction of Osmo Vänskä.  It was first performed by the cellist Arek Tesarczyk and the Minnesota Orchestra conducted by Osmo Vänskä in Orchestra Hall, Minneapolis, on September 30, 2010.  The piece is dedicated to the cellist Truls Mørk, who was originally scheduled to perform the world premiere, but had to drop out due to health concerns.

Minnesota Orchestra
The Minnesota Orchestra is an American orchestra based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Founded originally as the Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra in 1903, the Minnesota Orchestra plays most of its concerts at Minneapolis's Orchestra Hall.
Chaiwut Thanakamanusorn
Chaiwut Thanakamanusorn (Thai: ชัยวุฒิ ธนาคมานุสรณ์) is a Thai politician. He served as Minister of Digital Economy and Society in the second cabinet of Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha. He replaced Puttipong Punnakanta who was removed from office after being found guilty of insurrection during protests that led to the 2014 coup d'état.

Sing Buri province
Sing Buri (Thai: สิงห์บุรี, pronounced [sǐŋ būrīː]) is one of the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Nakhon Sawan, Lopburi, Ang Thong, Suphan Buri, and Chai Nat.

According to the Ayutthaya Testimonies, the province center, Sing Buri, was founded by the Siamese monarch Anuraja in the early 12th century, who established it as the new capital of the Phraek Si Racha region, thereby superseding Chai Nat as the administrative center of the polity.: 43
Dodecane
Dodecane (also known as dihexyl, bihexyl, adakane 12, or duodecane) is an oily liquid n-alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C12H26 (which has 355 isomers).

It is used as a solvent, distillation chaser, and scintillator component. It is used as a diluent for tributyl phosphate (TBP) in nuclear reprocessing plants.

Scintillator
A scintillator (/ˈsɪntɪleɪtər/ SIN-til-ay-ter) is a material that exhibits scintillation (also termed radioluminescence), a kind of luminescence, when excited by ionizing radiation. Luminescent materials, when struck by an incoming particle, absorb its energy and scintillate (i.e. re-emit the absorbed energy in the form of light). Sometimes, the excited state is metastable, so the relaxation back down from the excited state to lower states is delayed (necessitating anywhere from a few nanoseconds to hours depending on the material). The process then corresponds to one of two phenomena: delayed fluorescence or phosphorescence. The correspondence depends on the type of transition and hence the wavelength of the emitted optical photon.