hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alexander Ziegler (Swiss writer)
Alexander Ziegler (8 March 1944 in Zurich – 11 August 1987 in Zurich) was a Swiss author and actor.

Ziegler studied drama at the Max Reinhardt Seminar in Wien (1960/1961). He was an actor in Spring Awakening, a play by Frank Wedekind, in 1964. He was also an actor in the American television series Boys and Girls, created by Fred Mallow.

Openly gay, in 1966, he was imprisoned for two years because of his gay friendship with a 16-year-old named Stephan. While in prison, he wrote his first work, Labyrinth (1966). After he was released from prison, he worked as a journalist and author from 1971 to 1979 for the German gay magazine DU&ICH. He wrote many other articles and books.

In November 1977, his work Die Konsequenz was filmed and shown on German television. Actors in the film Die Konsequenz were Jürgen Prochnow as Martin Kurath and Ernst Hannawald as Thomas Manzoni.

Ziegler committed suicide, aged 43, in Zurich by overdosing on tranquilizers.

Spring Awakening (play)
Spring Awakening (German: Frühlings Erwachen) (also translated as Spring's Awakening and The Awakening of Spring) is the German dramatist Frank Wedekind's first major play and a foundational work in the modern history of theatre. It was written sometime between autumn 1890 and spring 1891, but did not receive its first performance until 20 November 1906 when it premiered at the Deutsches Theater in Berlin under the direction of Max Reinhardt. It carries the sub-title A Children's Tragedy. The play criticises perceived problems in the sexually oppressive culture of nineteenth century (Fin de siècle) Germany and offers a vivid dramatisation of the erotic fantasies that can breed in such an environment. Due to its controversial subject matter, the play has often been banned or censored.
Samuel Lowe
Samuel Lowe (c. 1693–1731) of Goadby Marwood was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1718 to 1731.

Lowe was the son of Henry Lowe of Goadby Marwood and his wife Elizabeth Long, daughter of Samuel Long of Jamaica, and nephew of Charles Long. He matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford on  21 April 1710, aged 16 and was admitted at Middle Temple in 1711. He succeeded his father in 1714 and also inherited extensive sugar plantations in Jamaica

Lowe was appointed Comptroller of the Ordnance for Ireland in 1718 and held the post until 1730. He was elected Member of Parliament for Aldburgh as Whig at a by-election on 24 November 1718. He generally voted with the government.   At the general elections of  1722 and 1727 he was returned unopposed for Aldeburgh. By this time he had gone over to support the opposition.

Lowe died unmarried on 19 July 1731, leaving his fortune to his two sisters, one of whom married Theobald Taaffe.

Goadby Marwood
Goadby Marwood is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Eaton, in the Melton district, in the north of the English county of Leicestershire. It is about 6 miles (10 km) north of Melton Mowbray and a few miles from the Vale of Belvoir. In 1931 the parish had a population of 144.
Pasteur Medal (Swedish)
The Pasteur Medal is given every ten years by the Swedish Society of Medicine (SSM) to a scientist who has excelled in the fields of bacteriology or hygiene. It first was struck and given to its honorand Louis Pasteur on the occasion of his 70th birthday in 1892. The Yale Art Gallery mischaracterizes the bronze medallion as French. The medal was designed by Frenchman Victor Peter (1840–1918).

Bacteriology
Bacteriology is the branch and specialty of biology that studies the morphology, ecology, genetics and biochemistry of bacteria as well as many other aspects related to them. This subdivision of microbiology involves the identification, classification, and characterization of bacterial species. Because of the similarity of thinking and working with microorganisms other than bacteria, such as protozoa, fungi, and non-microorganism viruses, there has been a tendency for the field of bacteriology to extend as microbiology. The terms were formerly often used interchangeably. However, bacteriology can be classified as a distinct science.
Lower limit topology
In mathematics, the lower limit topology or right half-open interval topology is a topology defined on  , the set of real numbers; it is different from the standard topology on  (generated by the open intervals) and has a number of interesting properties. It is the topology generated by the basis of all half-open intervals [a,b), where a and b are real numbers.

The resulting topological space is called the Sorgenfrey line after Robert Sorgenfrey  or the arrow and is sometimes written ,  or . Like the Cantor set and the long line, the Sorgenfrey line often serves as a useful counterexample to many otherwise plausible-sounding conjectures in general topology.  
The product of  with itself is also a useful counterexample, known as the Sorgenfrey plane.

In complete analogy, one can also define the upper limit topology, or left half-open interval topology.

Product topology
In topology and related areas of mathematics, a product space is the Cartesian product of a family of topological spaces equipped with a natural topology called the product topology.  This topology differs from another, perhaps more natural-seeming, topology called the box topology, which can also be given to a product space and which agrees with the product topology when the product is over only finitely many spaces.  However, the product topology is "correct" in that it makes the product space a categorical product of its factors, whereas the box topology is too fine; in that sense the product topology is the natural topology on the Cartesian product.
Ottoman Kurds
Ottoman Kurds were ethnic Kurds who lived in the Ottoman Empire. At its peak, the Ottoman Empire ruled North Kurdistan, South Kurdistan, West Kurdistan, and a small part of East Kurdistan. Parts of Greater Kurdistan under Ottoman control are collectively known as Ottoman Kurdistan.

Turkish Kurdistan
Turkish Kurdistan or Northern Kurdistan (Kurdish: Bakurê Kurdistanê) is the southeastern part of Turkey where Kurds form the predominant ethnic group. The Kurdish Institute of Paris estimates that there are 20 million Kurds living in Turkey, the majority of them in the southeast.

Southeastern Turkey (Northern Kurdistan) is considered to be one of the four parts of Kurdistan, which also includes parts of northern Syria (Western Kurdistan), northern Iraq (Southern Kurdistan) and northwestern Iran (Eastern Kurdistan).
Steven Fonti
Steven Fonti, also known as Steve Fonti (born June 16, 1970), is a Primetime Emmy Award winner who has worked in the Art Department on movies such as Over the Hedge and Adam Sandler's Eight Crazy Nights, Cinderella III: A Twist in Time, Pooh's Heffalump Movie, Osmosis Jones and TV shows including The Simpsons, Family Guy and Futurama. He was also a writer and the storyboard director for Nickelodeon's animated series SpongeBob SquarePants. He also worked on an episode of The Powerpuff Girls called "Catastrophe".

Fonti studied character animation at the California Institute of the Arts, where he produced a parody of Schoolhouse Rock! called Political Correction with fellow student Jory Prum in 1995. The film was part of Spike and Mike's Festival of Animation in 1997. His 1993 student film Yes Timmy, There is a Santa Claus was included in the 1998 Spike and Mike's Sick & Twisted festival.

Eight Crazy Nights
Eight Crazy Nights (also known as Adam Sandler's Eight Crazy Nights) is a 2002 American adult animated musical comedy-drama film starring, co-written and produced by Adam Sandler. Directed by Seth Kearsley, the supporting cast includes Sandler's future wife Jackie Titone, Austin Stout, Rob Schneider, Kevin Nealon, Norm Crosby and Jon Lovitz. Set around Hanukkah, the film centers on Davey Stone, a troubled Jewish alcoholic who is sentenced to community service with the aid of an aging referee in an attempt at rehabilitation.

The title is taken from a line in Sandler's "The Chanukah Song" that compares the gift-giving traditions of Christmas and Hanukkah: "Instead of one day of presents, we get eight crazy nights!" A new version of the song plays over the film's closing credits.

Eight Crazy Nights was released in the United States on November 27, 2002, by Sony Pictures Releasing. It received negative reviews and grossed $23.8 million.
Fort-Liberté Arrondissement
Fort-Liberté (Haitian Creole: Fòlibète) is an arrondissement in the Nord-Est department of Haiti. As of 2015, the population was 60,632 inhabitants. Postal codes in the Fort-Liberté Arrondissement start with the number 21.

The arrondissement consists of the following communes:

Fort-Liberté

Ferrier

Perches

Departments of Haiti
In the administrative divisions of Haiti, the department (French: département d'Haïti, pronounced [depaʁtəmɑ̃ d‿aiti]; Haitian Creole: depatman Ayiti) is the first of four levels of government. Haiti is divided administratively into ten departments, which are further subdivided into 42 arrondissements, 145 communes, and 571 communal sections.

In 2014, there was a proposal by the Chamber of Deputies to increase the number of departments from 10 to 14 —perhaps as high as 16.
2012 Open BNP Paribas Banque de Bretagne – Doubles
James Cerretani and Adil Shamasdin were the defending champions but decided not to participate.
Pierre-Hugues Herbert and Maxime Teixeira won the title, defeating Dustin Brown and Jonathan Marray 7–6(7–5), 6–4 in the final.

Maxime Teixeira
Maxime Teixeira (born 18 January 1989) is a French former professional tennis player. He competed mainly on the ATP Challenger Tour and ITF Futures circuit, both in singles and doubles. He reached his highest ATP singles ranking of World No. 154 in March 2012, and his highest ATP doubles ranking of No. 256 in July 2015.
Willem de Fesch
Willem de Fesch (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈʋɪləm də ˈfɛs]; 1687 in Alkmaar – 3 January 1761) was a virtuoso Dutch violinist and composer.

The pupil of Karel Rosier, who was a Vice-Kapellmeister at Bonn, de Fesch later married his daughter, Maria Anna Rosier.

De Fesch was active in Amsterdam between 1710 and 1725. From 1725 to 1731 he served as Kapellmeister at Antwerp Cathedral.

Thereafter he moved to London where he gave concerts and played the violin in Handel's orchestra in 1746. In 1748 and 1749 he conducted at Marylebone Gardens. He apparently made no public appearances after 1750.

His works included the oratorios Judith (1732) and Joseph (1746), as well as chamber duets, solo and trio sonatas, concertos and part songs. Both oratorios were thought lost until 1980 when a copy of a manuscript of Joseph was found in London's Royal Academy of Music.

De Fesch's music was influenced by the Italians, particularly Vivaldi, as well as Handel.

Sonata
In music, a sonata (/səˈnɑːtə/; pl. sonate) is a piece that consists of 3 or 4 movements that can be for different musical instruments.: 17  The term evolved through the history of music, designating a variety of forms until the Classical era, when it took on increasing importance. Sonata is a vague term, with varying meanings depending on the context and time period. By the early 19th century it came to represent a principle of composing large-scale works. It was applied to most instrumental genres and regarded—alongside the fugue—as one of two fundamental methods of organizing, interpreting and analyzing concert music. Though the musical style of sonatas has changed since the Classical era, most 20th- and 21st-century sonatas maintain the overarching structure.

The term sonatina, pl. sonatine, the diminutive form of sonata, is often used for a short or technically easy sonata.
1898 Hastings and Macleay colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Hastings and Macleay on 23 September 1898 because Francis Clarke (National Federal) resigned to allow Edmund Barton to re-enter parliament.

Electoral district of Hastings and Macleay
Hastings and Macleay was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1894 to 1920. It was created with the division of the two-member electorate of Hastings and Manning. In 1920 proportional representation was introduced and Hastings and Macleay was absorbed into the new four-member district of Oxley. The electorate was named after the Hastings and Macleay Rivers, the alluvial valleys of which contained most of its population.
Hallgrímsson
Hallgrímsson is a surname of Icelandic origin, meaning son of Hallgrímur. In Icelandic names, the name is not strictly a surname, but a patronymic. The name refers to:

Asgeir Örn Hallgrimsson (b. 1984), Icelandic professional handball player

Benedikt Hallgrimsson (b. 1967), Icelandic-Canadian biological anthropologist and evolutionary biologist

Geir Hallgrímsson (1925–1990), Icelandic politician; Prime Minister of Iceland 1974–78; mayor of Reykjavík 1959–72

Hafliði Hallgrímsson (b. 1941), Icelandic composer

Jónas Hallgrímsson (1807–1845), Icelandic poet and author

Hallgrim Eagle Hallgrimsson, fictional police officer from the Danish TV Series The Eagle: A Crime Odyssey

Heimir Hallgrímsson, an Icelandic football manager and former player

Matthías Hallgrímsson (born 1946), Icelandic footballer

Viktor Gísli Hallgrímsson (born 2000), Icelandic handball player

Icelanders
Icelanders (Icelandic: Íslendingar) are an ethnic group and nation who are native to the island country of Iceland. They speak Icelandic, a North Germanic language.

Icelanders established the country of Iceland in mid 930 CE when the Alþingi (parliament) met for the first time. Iceland came under the reign of Norwegian, Swedish and Danish kings but regained full sovereignty from the Danish monarchy on 1 December 1918, when the Kingdom of Iceland was established. On 17 June 1944, Iceland became a republic. Lutheranism is the predominant religion. Historical and DNA records indicate that around 60 to 80 percent of the male settlers were of Norse origin (primarily from Western Norway) and a similar percentage of the women were of Gaelic stock from Ireland and peripheral Scotland.
Caletti
Caletti is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Deb Caletti (born 1963), American writer

Giuseppe Caletti or Calletti (c. 1600 - c. 1660), Italian painter and engraver of the Baroque period

Joe Caletti (born 1998), Australian professional soccer player

Deb Caletti
Deb Caletti (born June 16, 1963) is an American writer of young adult and adult fiction. Caletti is a National Book Award finalist, and a Michael L. Printz Honor Book medalist, as well as the recipient of other numerous awards including the PEN USA finalist award, the Josette Frank Award for Fiction, the Washington State Book Award, and SLJ Best Book award. Caletti's books feature the Pacific Northwest, and her young adult work is popular for tackling difficult issues typically reserved for adult fiction. Her first adult fiction novel, He's Gone, was published by Random House in 2013, and was followed by several other books for adults, in addition to her many books for teens.
1969 Investiture Honours
The 1969 Investiture Honours were appointments made by Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom to various orders and honours released on 7 July 1969, on the occasion of the investiture of her eldest son, Charles (now Charles III), as Prince of Wales. The awards were of a special character compared to most honours lists, in that the awardees were selected due to their links with Wales, or involvement with the investiture ceremony itself.

Prince of Wales
Prince of Wales is a title traditionally given to the male heir apparent to the English, and later, the British throne. The title originated with the Welsh rulers of Gwynedd who, from the late 12th century, used it (albeit inconsistently) to assert their supremacy over the other Welsh rulers. However, to mark the finalisation of his conquest of Wales, in 1301, Edward I of England invested his son Edward of Caernarfon with the title, thereby beginning the tradition of giving the title to the heir apparent when he was the monarch's son or grandson. The title was later claimed by the leader of a Welsh rebellion, Owain Glyndŵr, from 1400 until 1415.

King Charles III created his son, William, Prince of Wales on 9 September 2022, the day after his accession to the throne, with formal letters patent issued on 13 February 2023. The title has become a point of controversy in Wales.
Yoshino (restaurant)
Yoshino is a Japanese restaurant in New York City serving sushi omakase by head chef Tadashi Yoshida. Yoshino was one of the top three sushi restaurants in Japan according to Tabelog as of 2017 when it decided to shut down its Nagoya restaurant and move to Tokyo by teaming up with Andrew Gyokudari, a restaurateur and former sushi chef. Yoshino relocated to New York and opened in 2021.

Omakase
Omakase (Japanese: お任せ, Hepburn: o-makase) is a Japanese word meaning "I'll leave it up to you", derived from the Japanese "to entrust" (任せる, makaseru). It is most commonly used at Japanese restaurants as a form of gourmet dining in which the customer does not order from a menu and instead lets the chef decide which seasonal specialties to serve.
Amazônia Live
Amazônia Live (also known as Amazônia Para Sempre) is a Brazilian music and environmental awareness project created by Roberto Medina, founder of the festivals Rock in Rio and The Town, in partnership with the company Vale. The first edition took place on two dates, September 17 and 20, 2024. The first day featured a floating stage built on the Guamá River in Belém, Pará, and the second day was held at the Mangueirão Stadium. The event included an international performance by Mariah Carey and national acts by Pará-based artists such as Joelma, Gaby Amarantos, Zaynara, and Dona Onete. It was broadcast by TV Globo, Multishow, and Globoplay.

The hosts were Guilherme Guedes and Laura Vicente, while Kenya Sade and Milton Cunha contributed reflections on the importance of preserving the Amazon rainforest.

Globoplay
Globoplay is a Brazilian subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service owned by Globo, a division of Grupo Globo. The service primarily distributes films and television series produced by Estúdios Globo with the service also hosting content from other providers, content add-ons, live sporting events, and video rental and purchasing services. It was created on 26 October 2015, and launched in Brazil on November 3 of the same year. In 2020, it reached the milestone of 20 million registered users and became the most used national streaming service in Brazil.

In September 2021, it was announced that Globoplay would be released in Canada and in more than 20 European countries, such as Italy, France, Switzerland, Germany, Spain, Portugal and United Kingdom starting 14 October 2021.
Ankiti Bose
Ankiti Bose (born 1992) is an Indian former business executive who co-founded defunct e-commerce company, Zilingo. On 31 March 2022, she was suspended as CEO after an attempt to raise capital raised questions about Zilingo's accounting practices, according to Bloomberg. On 20 May 2022 Bose was fired from Zilingo.

Sequoia Capital
Sequoia Capital Operations, LLC, doing business as Sequoia Capital or simply Sequoia, is an American venture capital firm headquartered in Menlo Park, California. It specializes in seed stage, early stage, and growth stage investments in private companies across technology sectors. As of January 2025, the firm had approximately US$56 billion in assets under management (AUM).

The firm operates three regionally-focused venture entities, as Sequoia in Europe, Peak XV Partners in Southeast Asia, and formerly HongShan in China. Sequoia has made a wide variety of venture investments since inception, including in Apple, ByteDance, and Cisco, among many others.
Foley v Classique Coaches Ltd.
Foley v Classique Coaches Ltd. [1934] 2 KB 1 is an English contract law case decided in 1934 relating to restraint of trade and forward-looking agreements to agree. The initial judgment delivered in the High Court held that there was no "undue" restraint of trade, and this was upheld in the Court of Appeal.

Unenforceable
An unenforceable contract or transaction is one that is valid but one the court will not enforce. Unenforceable is usually used in contradiction to void (or void ab initio) and voidable. If the parties perform the agreement, it will be valid, but the court will not compel them if they do not.

An "agreement to agree", where a purported contract contains an obligation to enter into a subsequent agreement in the future, the terms of which are not certain at the time of the initial agreement, is generally considered to lack sufficient certainty to constitute a legally enforceable contract and is therefore unenforceable. However, an agreement under which "the parties contemplate entering into a further, more formal, agreement later" may be enforceable.
Brackenhill Tower
Brackenhill Tower is a peel tower, in the parish of Arthuret, in Cumbria, just north of the River Lyne.  The site is about 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Kirklinton and 4 miles (6.4 km) east of Longtown, or 10 miles (16 km) north of Carlisle and 8 miles (13 km) east of Gretna Green, and is a good defensive position, with ravines to the north and south.  Extensions were added in the 18th and 19th centuries, but the original tower has had little alteration.  It is the only remaining example of a Scottish tower house south of the border with England, and became a Grade II* listed building in 1957.

Tower house
A tower house is a particular type of stone structure, built for defensive purposes as well as habitation. Tower houses began to appear in the Middle Ages, especially in mountainous or limited access areas, to command and defend strategic points with reduced forces. At the same time, they were also used as an aristocrat's residence, around which a castle town was often constructed.
Anna Łukasiak
Anna Łukasiak is a Polish freestyle wrestler. She won one of the bronze medals in the women's 50 kg event at the 2022 World Wrestling Championships held in Belgrade, Serbia. She is a two-time bronze medalist at the European Wrestling Championships.

European Wrestling Championships
The European Wrestling Championships is the second oldest international wrestling competition of the modern world and the main wrestling championships in Europe. It predates World Wrestling Championships and other regional wrestling championships and is second only to the wrestling events at the Olympics. From its inception in 1898 till 1927 only Greco-Roman wrestling was contested. Since 1929 separate freestyle wrestling events were held as well. Since 1970 the two Olympic wrestling styles were contested together during the same unified events. Since 1973 Sambo wrestling was included into the championships programme along with GR and freestyle wrestling (subsequently discontinued and from 1983 contested separately). Since 2014 associated traditional wrestling styles recognized globally by UWW were incorporated into the annual championships schedule.
Sainte-Croix, Lot
Sainte-Croix (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t kʁwa] ⓘ; Languedocien: Senta Crotz) is a former commune in the Lot department in south-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Montcuq-en-Quercy-Blanc. Its population was 76 in 2018.

Lot (department)
Lot (French pronunciation: [lɔt]; Occitan: Òlt [ɔl]) is a department in the Occitanie region of France. Named after the Lot River, it lies in the southwestern part of the country and had a population of 174,094 in 2019. Its prefecture is Cahors; its subprefectures are Figeac and Gourdon.