hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1999 Madrid municipal election
A municipal election was held in Madrid on Sunday, 13 June 1999, to elect the 6th City Council of the municipality. All 53 seats in the City Council were up for election. It was held concurrently with regional elections in thirteen autonomous communities and local elections all across Spain, as well as the 1999 European Parliament election.

The People's Party (PP) won an absolute majority of seats for a third consecutive time, but, for the first time since the 1987 election the party lost votes and seats. The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) maintained its second place but reverted the decline it had been suffering since 1983. PSOE gains came at the expense of United Left (IU), which lost nearly half of its votes and seats.

As a result, José María Álvarez del Manzano was elected as Mayor of Madrid for a third term in office.

1999 Spanish regional elections
Regional elections were held in Spain during 1999 to elect the regional parliaments of fourteen of the seventeen autonomous communities: Aragon, Asturias, the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands, Cantabria, Castile and León, Castilla–La Mancha, Catalonia, Extremadura, La Rioja, Madrid, Murcia, Navarre and the Valencian Community; and the two autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla. 919 of 1,178 seats in the regional parliaments were up for election, as well as the 50 seats in the regional assemblies of the autonomous cities. The elections were held on 13 June for most regions (concurrently with local elections all across the country, as well as the 1999 European Parliament election) and on 17 October in Catalonia.
Lipeón Formation
The Lipeón Formation is a Telychian to Pridoli geologic formation of southern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina. The formation comprises sandstones and siltstones. Plant fossils comprising rhyniophytes (specifically Aberlemnia, Steganotheca, Tarrantia, Hostinella and Cooksonia) are scattered throughout, with some abundant concentrations on micaceous bedding plains. The fossil flora is the oldest of South America. Also present were quite diverse small, irregularly branching fragments possibly the tips of algae
such as Buthotrephis or Hungerfordia.

Rhyniophyte
The rhyniophytes are a group of extinct early vascular plants that are considered to be similar to the genus Rhynia, found in the Early Devonian (around 420 to 393 million years ago). Sources vary in the name and rank used for this group, some treating it as the class Rhyniopsida, others as the subdivision Rhyniophytina or the division Rhyniophyta. The first definition of the group, under the name Rhyniophytina, was by Banks,: 8  since when there have been many redefinitions,: 96–97  including by Banks himself. "As a result, the Rhyniophytina have slowly dissolved into a heterogeneous collection of plants ... the group contains only one species on which all authors agree: the type species Rhynia gwynne-vaughanii".: 94  When defined very broadly, the group consists of plants with dichotomously branched, naked aerial axes ("stems") with terminal spore-bearing structures (sporangia).: 227  The rhyniophytes are considered to be stem group tracheophytes (vascular plants).
Nonstandard calculus
In mathematics, nonstandard calculus is the modern application of infinitesimals, in the sense of nonstandard analysis, to infinitesimal calculus. It provides a rigorous justification for some arguments in calculus that were previously considered merely heuristic.

Non-rigorous calculations with infinitesimals were widely used before Karl Weierstrass sought to replace them with the (ε, δ)-definition of limit starting in the 1870s. For almost one hundred years thereafter, mathematicians such as Richard Courant viewed infinitesimals as being naive and vague or meaningless.

Contrary to such views, Abraham Robinson showed in 1960 that infinitesimals are precise, clear, and meaningful, building upon work by Edwin Hewitt and Jerzy Łoś. According to Howard Keisler, "Robinson solved a three hundred year old problem by giving a precise treatment of infinitesimals.  Robinson's achievement will probably rank as one of the major mathematical advances of the twentieth century."

Jerzy Łoś
Jerzy Łoś (Polish pronunciation: [ˈjɛʐɨ ˈwɔɕ]; born 22 March 1920 in Lwów, Poland (now Lviv, Ukraine) – 1 June 1998 in Warsaw) was a Polish mathematician, logician, economist, and philosopher. He is especially known for his work in model theory, in particular for "Łoś's theorem", which states that any first-order formula is true in an ultraproduct if and only if it is true in "most" factors (see ultraproduct for details). In model theory he also proved many preservation theorems, but he gave significant contributions, as well, to foundations of mathematics, Abelian group theory and universal algebra. In the 60's he turned his attention to mathematical economics, focusing mainly on production processes and dynamic decision processes.

He was faculty at academies in Wrocław, Toruń, and Warsaw.

In 1996, Łoś suffered from a severe brain stroke. He was thenceforward ill until his death in 1998.
Sobongsan station
Sŏbongsan station (West Pongsan station) is a railway station located in Pongsan-ŭp, Pongsan County, North Hwanghae Province, North Korea. It is the terminus of the Pongsan Line of the Korean State Railway.  It is a freight-only station serving the February 8 Cement Complex, one of the largest cement factories in the DPRK.

North Hwanghae Province
North Hwanghae Province (Hwanghaebuk-to; Korean pronunciation: [ɸwa̠ŋ.ɦɛ.buk̚.t͈o̞], lit. "north Yellow Sea province") is a province of North Korea.  The province was formed in 1954 when the former Hwanghae Province was split into North and South Hwanghae.  The provincial capital is Sariwon.  The province is bordered by Pyongyang and South Pyongan to the north, Kangwon to the east, Kaesong Industrial Region and South Korea's Gyeonggi Province to the south, and South Hwanghae southwest.  In 2003, Kaesong Directly Governed City (Kaesong Chikhalsi) became part of North Hwanghae as Kaepung County. Later on in 2019, it was promoted as Special City (Kaesong T'ŭkpyŏlsi). Thus, it was separated from North Hwanghae.
Novo Selo, Plovdiv Province
Novo Selo (Bulgarian: Ново село, meaning "new village") is a small village in southern Bulgaria. It is located in Stamboliyski municipality in Plovdiv Province. Novo Selo is located on the north slope of the Rhodope Mountains.

42°06′18″N 24°28′59″E﻿ / ﻿42.105°N 24.483°E﻿ / 42.105; 24.483

Stamboliyski
Stamboliyski (Bulgarian: Стамболийски [stɐmboˈlijski]) is a town in Plovdiv Province, southern Bulgaria. It is located on the Maritsa river. Stamboliyski was founded in 1873–75, when the Istanbul-Belovo railway was built. It was initially called Gara Krichim ('Krichim Station') after the largest village in the vicinity then, Krichim.
Democracy Video Challenge
The Democracy Video Challenge is an annual film contest featuring films under three minutes in length that complete the phrase "Democracy is…" It is part of a broader initiative called "Democracy is…" that seeks to use creative mediums to start a global discussion about the meaning of democracy. The contests use social media to foster that dialogue among people around the world.

The 2009 Video Challenge was first announced on September 15, 2008, International Day of Democracy. Richard Engel, NBC News chief foreign correspondent served as master of ceremonies for both the 2009  and 2010  contest launches. Since its launch, more than 1,600 people from 111 countries have entered the contest,  while nearly 3.5 million people have been engaged online.

USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism
The USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism is a part of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles.
It has 2,300 undergraduate and graduate students. Willow Bay is the Dean. Prof. Hector Amaya is the Director of the School of Communication, Prof. Gordon Stables serves as Director of the School of Journalism.
Gombak District
The Gombak District is an administrative district located in the eastern-central part of the state of Selangor, Malaysia. The district was created on February 1, 1974, the same day when Kuala Lumpur was declared a Federal Territory.

Kepong Sentral station
The Kepong Sentral KTM station is a railway station located in Kepong, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is served by KTM ETS's Gold Service on the KL Sentral-Ipoh route, and KTM Komuter's Tanjung Malim–Port Klang Line. Situated just beside this station is the Kuala Lumpur Middle Ring Road 2 (MRR2).
Miss Exotic World Pageant
The Miss Exotic World Pageant (officially, the Miss Exotic World Pageant and Striptease Reunion) is an annual neo-burlesque pageant and convention, and is the annual showcase event (and fundraiser for) the Burlesque Hall of Fame (formerly the Exotic World burlesque museum).  The pageant, sometimes referred to as the "Miss America of Burlesque",  attracts former burlesque queens from past decades, as well as current participants of the neo-burlesque scene. The pageant consists of burlesque performances spanning a weekend, culminating with the competition to crown a single performer as Miss Exotic World. Because of the significance of the Exotic World Burlesque Museum to the burlesque community, winning the pageant is considered a top honor for a burlesque performer.

Artists such as Josh Ellingson, Mister Reusch and Mitch O’Connell have designed posters for the event.

El Vez
Robert Alan Lopez (born 1960), better known by his stage name El Vez, is an American singer-songwriter and musician, who performs and records original material and covers classic rock songs. Mixing the styles of Elvis Presley and many other American rock artists with his own Latin-American heritage and music, he is known for expressing revolutionary views through the satire and humor in his songs.
Thomas Neale-Caulker
Thomas Neale-Caulker (died 1898) was chief of Kagboro in Sierra Leone (1888–1898). He was killed during the Hut Tax War of 1898, in which he sided with the government and was reproached for his brutality.

He was the son of Thomas Stephen Caulker,  and a member of the Caulker family, descendants of Thomas Corker.

He was an opponent of the Poro, a powerful secret society prevalent amongst the Mende people. A practicing Christian he said: "I believe the society will, in God's time, die out of our midst. It will not be by violence, but by the power of the gospel." John Augustus Abayomi-Cole

Mende people
The Mende are one of the two largest ethnic groups in Sierra Leone; their neighbours, the Temne people, constitute the largest ethnic group at 35.5% of the total population, which is slightly larger than the Mende at 31.2%.  The Mende are predominantly found in the Southern Province and the Eastern Province. The Mende are mostly farmers and hunters. Some of the major cities with significant Mende populations include Bo, Kenema, Kailahun, and Moyamba.

Like a majority of African nations, Sierra Leone's political parties are often tied to specific ethnic groups and have been dominated by the Mende, on the one hand, and the Temne and their long-time political allies, the Limba, on the other. The Mende are known to typically support the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP), while the Temnes and Limbas are associated with the All People's Congress party (APC).
Baron Alexander von Bach
Alexander, Baron von Bach (German: Alexander Freiherr von Bach; 4 January 1813, Loosdorf, Austria – 12 November 1893, Schöngrabern, Austria) was an Austrian politician. His most notable achievement was instituting a system of centralized control at the beginning of the reign of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria.

Battle of Schöngrabern
The Battle of Schöngrabern, also known as the Battle of Hollabrunn, was an engagement in the Napoleonic Wars during the War of the Third Coalition, fought on 16 November 1805 near Hollabrunn in Lower Austria, four weeks after the Battle of Ulm and two weeks before the Battle of Austerlitz (Slavkov, Moravia - now Czech Republic).
Emmanuel Tugumisirize
Emmanuel Tugumisirize (born 30 November 1988) is a retired Ugandan sprinter who specialized in the 400 metres.

Individually he finished seventh at the 2013 Summer Universiade. He also competed at the 2009 Summer Universiade, the 2010 African Championships (semi-final), the 2011 Summer Universiade (semi-final) and the 2014 Commonwealth Games (semi-final).

In the 4 × 400 metres relay he finished seventh at the 2010 African Championships. He also competed at the 2009 Summer Universiade without reaching the final.

His personal best time was 45.69 seconds, achieved in May 2014 in Jacksonville. He competed collegiately for the Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders.

Athletics at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Men's 400 metres
The Men's 400 metres at the 2014 Commonwealth Games, as part of the athletics programme, was held at Hampden Park between 28 and 30 July 2014. The event was won by pre-event favourite and Olympic champion Kirani James in a new Commonwealth Games record. Wayde van Niekerk from South Africa came second and Lalonde Gordon of Trinidad and Tobago got the bronze medal.
2020 Hula Bowl
The 2020 Hula Bowl was a post-season college football all-star game played on January 26, 2020, at 5:30 p.m. HST (10:30 p.m. EST), at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, Hawaii. The game featured "NCAA college football players from all divisions, along with international players". The game was the last of the 2019–20 bowl games and, while not restricted to FBS players, it was the final game of the 2019 FBS football season.

This was the first playing of the Hula Bowl since January 12, 2008. Head coaches were Rex Ryan and Mike Smith, who both previously coached at the college and professional levels. Scouts from the CFL, NFL, and XFL were expected to attend. Television coverage was provided by the CBS Sports Network. With news magazine Newsweek as the title sponsor, the game was officially the Newsweek Hula Bowl.

Mike Smith (American football coach)
Mike Smith (born June 13, 1959) is an American former football coach and player. He served as the head coach of the Atlanta Falcons from 2008 to 2014. Smith has also served as the defensive coordinator for the Jacksonville Jaguars and Tampa Bay Buccaneers. During his tenure in Atlanta, Smith became the franchise's winningest head coach by number of wins in addition to being the recipient of the 2008 NFL Coach of the Year Award by the Associated Press and was also voted NFL Coach of the Year Award by the Sporting News in 2008, 2010, and 2012.
Zhenghua Secondary School
Zhenghua Secondary School (ZSS) is a co-educational government secondary school located in Bukit Panjang, Singapore. Established on 15 December 1999, the school offers secondary education leading to the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Ordinary Level examinations or the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Normal Level examinations.

Ministry of Education (Singapore)
The Ministry of Education (MOE; Malay: Kementerian Pendidikan; Chinese: 教育部; Tamil: கல்வி அமைச்சு) is a ministry of the Government of Singapore responsible for the formulation and implementation of policies related to the education in Singapore.
Gedanken über das Denken
Gedanken über das Denken (translation: thoughts about thinking) is a German philosophical book by Moritz Engel. It was published in 1922 in Berlin by Verlag von Leonhard Simion as part of the series Library of Philosophy (Volume 22), which was edited by Ludwig Stein. The work sets out Engel's theory that the essence of all matter is grounded in "Geistesmaterie" (English: thinking matter). Its fundamental principle is that thought is common to all things: it is unconscious in inanimate objects, conscious in animals and humans, and abstractly conscious in humans alone. Building on this idea, Engel develops an argument that connects thinking to metaphysics, theology, and ethics.

Unconscious cognition
Unconscious cognition is the processing of perception, memory, learning, thought, and language without being aware of it.

The role of the unconscious mind on decision making is a topic greatly debated by neuroscientists, linguists, philosophers, and psychologists around the world. Though the actual level of involvement of the unconscious brain during a cognitive process might still be a matter of differential opinion, the fact that the unconscious brain does play a role in cognitive activity is undeniable. Several experiments and well recorded phenomena attest to this fact, for example the illusion-of-truth effect. There have also been several experiments suggesting that the unconscious mind might actually be better at decision making than the conscious mind when there are multiple variables to take into consideration.
Pedro Rodríguez (motorcyclist)
Pedro Rodríguez González (born 12 August 1994 in Zaragoza) is a former Spanish Grand Prix motorcycle racer. He currently races in the RFME Superstock 1000 Championship aboard a BMW S1000RR, and has previously competed in the Spanish CEV 125GP Championship, the Spanish Moto3 Championship, the Spanish Moto2 Championship, the European Superstock 600 Championship and the RFME Superstock 600 Championship.

European Superstock 600 Championship
The European Superstock 600 Championship was a support class to the Superbike World Championship at the European rounds. The championship used 600 cc production motorcycles and was reserved for riders between 15 and 24 years of age. Same rules as FIM Superstock 1000 Cup applied, but the series was organized by FIM Europe. In November 2015 the championship was discontinued as a result of the creation of a new European sub-series to be held within the Supersport World Championship and changes in the Supersport technical regulations.
Mahendra Verma
Mahendra Kumar Verma (born 27 May 1966) is an Indian physicist and professor at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur who works on fluid dynamics, turbulence, and nonlinear dynamics. Verma earned his bachelor's degree in computer science from the Indian Institute of Technology Madras in 1988, and a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Maryland, College Park in 1994. He was awarded the Swarnajayanti Fellowship by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India in 2006, and the Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Cray HPC award, which honors high-performance computing contributions from India, in 2018. He is also an elected fellow of the Indian National Science Academy and the Indian Academy of Sciences.

Indian National Science Academy
The Indian National Science Academy (INSA) is a national academy in New Delhi for Indian scientists in all branches of science and technology.

In 2015 INSA has constituted a junior wing for young scientists in the country named Indian National Young Academy of Sciences (INYAS) in line with other national young academies. INYAS is the academy for young scientists in India as a national young academy and is affiliated with Global Young Academy. INYAS is also a signatory of the declaration on the Core Values of Young Academies, adopted at World Science Forum, Budapest on 20 November 2019. Prof.Shekhar C. Mande is the serving president (2026-present).
2017 Ricoh Open – Women's singles
The 2017 Ricoh Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 28th edition of the Rosmalen Grass Court Championships, and part of the 250 Series of the 2017 ATP World Tour, and of the WTA International tournaments of the 2017 WTA Tour. Both the men's and the women's events took place at the Autotron park in Rosmalen, 's-Hertogenbosch in the Netherlands, from June 12 through June 18, 2017.

CoCo Vandeweghe was the defending champion, but lost in the first round to Carina Witthöft. Unseeded Anett Kontaveit won her first WTA title, defeating Natalia Vikhlyantseva in the final, 6–2, 6–3.

Natalia Vikhlyantseva
Natalia Konstantinovna Vikhlyantseva (Russian: Наталья Константиновна Вихлянцева; born 16 February 1997) is a former Russian tennis player. Her favourite court surface is grass.

Vikhlyantseva has career-high rankings of 54 in singles, achieved on 23 October 2017, and 216 in doubles, reached in July 2019.

She has not played on the professional tour since August 2022. The ITIA listed her as a retired player on 23 June 2024.
Dunwood Camp
Dunwood Camp is the site of an Iron Age hillfort located in Hampshire. It occupies the summit of a sandy hill. It has a single Rampart (fortification) but no definite indication of a ditch and it is possible that this earthwork was never completed.

Rampart (fortification)
In fortification architecture, a rampart  is a length of embankment or wall forming part of the defensive boundary of a castle, hillfort, settlement or other fortified site. It is usually broad-topped and made of excavated earth and/or masonry.
Ihadilanana
Ihadilanana is a town and commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Ambositra, which is a part of Amoron'i Mania Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 9,000 in 2001 commune census.

Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 99% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 0.5% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crops are rice and oranges, while other important agricultural products are peanuts, beans and cassava. Services provide employment for 0.5% of the population.

Amoron'i Mania
Amoron'i Mania (Translated: Banks of the Mania) is a region in central Madagascar bordering Vakinankaratra Region in north, Atsinanana in northeast, Fitovinany in southeast, Haute Matsiatra in south, Atsimo-Andrefana in southwest and Menabe in west.

The capital of the region is Ambositra, and the population was 833,919 in 2018. The area of the region is 16,141 km2 (6,232 sq mi).
Henry II, Lord of Mecklenburg
Henry II, Lord of Mecklenburg, nicknamed the Lion (after 14 April 1266 – 21 January 1329 in Sternberg) was regent of Mecklenburg from 1287 to 1298, co-regent from 1298 to 1302 and ruled alone again from 1302 to 1329.

Uckermark
The Uckermark (German pronunciation: [ˈʊkɐˌmaʁk] ⓘ) is a historical region in northeastern Germany, which currently straddles the Uckermark District of Brandenburg and the Vorpommern-Greifswald District of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Its traditional capital is Prenzlau.
Max Seydewitz
Max Seydewitz (December 19, 1892 – February 8, 1987) was a German politician (SPD, SAPD and SED) who served as the Minister-President of Saxony from 1947 to 1952. He also served in the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic and the Volkskammer of the German Democratic Republic.

State of Saxony (1945–1952)
The State of Saxony (German: Land Sachsen) was a subdivision of the Soviet occupation zone in Germany (until 1949) and state of East Germany (from 1952) which broadly corresponds with the present-day German state of Saxony.
Wan Peng
Wan Peng (Chinese: 万鹏; born 20 August 1996) is a Chinese actress under Easy Entertainment. She made her debut with the drama When We Were Young (2018), and gained significant fame for her performances in first and second seasons of My Girlfriend is an Alien (2019–2022), First Romance (2020), Crush (2021), and Sword and Fairy 6 (2024).

IQIYI
iQIYI (Chinese: 爱奇艺; pinyin: Àiqíyì, pronounced in English as eye-CHEE-yee), formerly Qiyi (奇艺; Qíyì), is a Chinese subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service owned by Baidu. Headquartered in Beijing, iQIYI primarily produces and distributes films and television series.

iQIYI is currently one of the largest online video sites in the world, with nearly 6 billion hours spent on its service each month and over 500 million monthly active users. On March 29, 2018, the company issued its initial public offering in the United States and raised $2.25 billion.