hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spanish Fork, Utah
Spanish Fork is a city in Utah County, Utah, United States. It is part of the Provo–Orem metropolitan area. The 2020 census reported a population of 42,602. Spanish Fork is the 20th largest city in Utah based on official 2017 estimates from the US Census Bureau.

Spanish Fork lies in the Utah Valley, with the Wasatch Range to the east and Utah Lake to the northwest. I-15 passes the northwest side of the city. Payson is approximately six miles to the southwest, Springville lies about four miles to the northeast, and Salem is approximately 4.5 miles to the south.

Wasatch Range
The Wasatch Range (/ˈwɑːsætʃ/ WAH-satch) or Wasatch Mountains is a mountain range in the western United States that runs about 160 miles (260 km) from the Utah–Idaho border south to central Utah. It is the western edge of the greater Rocky Mountains, and the eastern edge of the Great Basin region. The northern extension of the Wasatch Range, the Bear River Mountains, extends just into Idaho, constituting all of the Wasatch Range in that state.

In the language of the native Ute people, wasatch means "mountain pass" or "low pass over high range." According to William Bright, the mountains were named for a Shoshoni leader who was named with the Shoshoni term wasattsi, meaning "blue heron". In 1926, Cecil Alter quoted Henry Gannett from 1902, who said that the word meant "land of many waters," then posited, "the word is a common one among the Shoshones, and is given to a berry basket" carried by women.
Richter Peaks
Richter Peaks (71°20′S 70°21′W﻿ / ﻿71.333°S 70.350°W﻿ / -71.333; -70.350) is a group of peaks rising to about 1,385 m located near the southern extremity of the Walton Mountains, situated in the central portion of Alexander Island, Antarctica. The peaks were named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Joseph J. Richter, United States Antarctic Research Program biologist, Palmer Station, 1965–66 and 1966–67.

Alexander Island
Alexander Island, also known as Alexander I Island, Alexander I Land, Alexander Land, Alexander I Archipelago, and Zemlja Alexandra I, is the largest island of Antarctica. It lies in the Bellingshausen Sea west of Palmer Land, Antarctic Peninsula from which it is separated by Marguerite Bay and George VI Sound. The George VI Ice Shelf entirely fills George VI Sound and connects Alexander Island to Palmer Land. The island partly surrounds Wilkins Sound, which lies to its west. Alexander Island is about 390 kilometres (240 mi) long in a north–south direction, 80 kilometres (50 mi) wide in the north, and 240 kilometres (150 mi) wide in the south. Alexander Island is the second-largest uninhabited island in the world, after Devon Island.
2021 Abierto Zapopan
The 2021 Abierto Zapopan was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 2nd edition of the tournament and part of the 2021 WTA Tour.

Originally scheduled for 16–21 March 2020 in Guadalajara, Mexico and was part of the 125K series during the 2020 tennis season, but was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic due to local restrictions, and the suspension of play on the WTA tour.

It took place in Guadalajara, Mexico from 8 to 13 March 2021 and it was a part of the WTA 250 tournaments, offering a total of $235,238 in prize money.

2020 WTA 125K series
The WTA 125K series is the secondary professional tennis circuit organised by the Women's Tennis Association. The 2020 WTA 125K series calendar consists of only three tournaments, shortened from the original schedule of fourteen tournaments due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Malcolm Ross (courtier)
Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Walter Hugh Malcolm Ross, GCVO OBE DL (27 October 1943 – 27 October 2019), was a member of the British Royal Household, becoming Master of the Household to then-Prince Charles from 2006 to 2008.

Sir Malcolm Ross served as Lord-Lieutenant for the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright from 2006 until 2018 and also, from 2016, as Lord Prior of the Order of St John.

Stewartry
54°58′48″N 3°48′36″W﻿ / ﻿54.980°N 3.810°W﻿ / 54.980; -3.810

Stewartry was a local government district in the Dumfries and Galloway region of south-west Scotland between 1975 and 1996. The district covered the greater part of the historic county of Kirkcudbrightshire, whose alternative name, the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright, provided the district’s title.

Following the abolition of districts under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994, the area became part of the unitary Dumfries and Galloway Council area in 1996. Under the name Stewartry of Kirkcudbright, the same area continues to be used as a lieutenancy area. Dumfries and Galloway Council maintains a Stewartry area committee whose jurisdiction broadly corresponds to the boundaries of the former district, although minor adjustments have been made where modern electoral ward boundaries differ from those in place prior to 1996.
Diasporangium
Diasporangium is a genus of water moulds. It contains the single species Diasporangium jonesianum, described in 1936 by German mycologist Willy Höhnk. Known from the United States and Germany, where it grows in soil, D. jonesianum can cause root rot in various plants. It has a spherical oogonium up to 25 μm in diameter, with an oospore that almost fills the oogonium.

Oospore
An oospore is a thick-walled sexual spore that develops from a fertilized oosphere in some algae, fungi, and oomycetes. They are believed to have evolved either through the fusion of two species or the chemically induced stimulation of mycelia, leading to oospore formation.

In Oomycetes, oospores can also result from asexual reproduction, by apomixis. These haploid, non-motile spores are the site of meiosis and karyogamy in oomycetes.

A dormant oospore, when observed under an electron microscope, has led researchers to draw conclusion that there is only a single central globule with other storage bodies surrounding it.
Show Bitch
Show Bitch  is a 2010 comedy musical film by Nikos Zervos. The film is a parody of show business starring Anna Rezan, Renos Haralampidis and Dimitris Poulikakos. The costumes of the film were made by Bianca Nikolareizi.

The film premiered at the 2010 Thessaloniki International Film Festival, and opened in Greek theatres on 7 December 2010.

Thessaloniki International Film Festival
The Thessaloniki International Film Festival (TIFF; Greek: Φεστιβάλ Κινηματογράφου Θεσσαλονίκης, romanized: Festivál Kinimatográfou Thessaloníkis) is a film festival held every November in Thessaloniki, Greece. It is organized by the Thessaloniki Film Festival under the auspices of the Greek Ministry of Culture. It features international competition sections, and its program includes tributes to major filmmakers and national cinemas, as well as sidebar events such as masterclasses, exhibitions, live concerts and workshops. In addition to TIFF, the Thessaloniki Film Festival holds the annual Thessaloniki Documentary Festival (TDF) in March.
Nancy Mayer
Nancy Mayer is an American politician who most recently served as the state Treasurer of Rhode Island from 1993 to 1998.

She was the first Republican Treasurer of Rhode Island since Thomas P. Hazard in 1940 and the last Republican Treasurer of Rhode Island as of 2022. She has been credited with introducing and implementing a number of reforms, both in the Office of the General Treasurer and in the General Assembly. In 1996, she ran for U.S. Senate after incumbent Claiborne Pell decided to retire. She won the Republican primary. She lost the general election to Jack Reed.

Claiborne Pell
Claiborne de Borda Pell GCC GCM (November 22, 1918 – January 1, 2009) was an American politician and writer who served as a U.S. senator from Rhode Island for six terms from 1961 to 1997. He was the sponsor of the 1972 bill that reformed the Basic Educational Opportunity Grant, which provides financial aid funding to American college students; the grant was given Pell's name in 1980 in honor of his work in education legislation.

A member of the Democratic Party, Pell remains the longest serving U.S. senator from Rhode Island.
Mondale (surname)
Mondale is an American surname of Norwegian origin. The surname "Mondale" comes from Mundal by Fjærland, in the Sogndal municipality in Norway.

The name is primarily associated with just one American family:

Walter Mondale (1928–2021), 42nd vice president of the United States
Joan Mondale (1930–2014), wife of Walter Mondale
Eleanor Mondale (1960–2011), American radio personality and actress, daughter of Walter Mondale
Ted Mondale (born 1957), American politician and entrepreneur, son of Walter Mondale
Lester Mondale (1904–2003), American minister, half brother of Walter Mondale

Joan Mondale
Joan Mondale (née Adams; August 8, 1930 – February 3, 2014) was the second lady of the United States from 1977 until 1981 as the wife of Walter Mondale, the 42nd vice president of the United States. She was an artist and author and served on the boards of several organizations. For her promotion of the arts, she was affectionately dubbed Joan of Art.
Marti Frederiksen
Martin Harold "Marti" Frederiksen (born July 1, 1962) is an American songwriter, record producer, and musician.   He writes and produces music primarily in rock, country, and pop.  He is best known for his work with many artists and bands including the Struts, Aerosmith, Gavin Rossdale, Carrie Underwood, Buckcherry, Daughtry, Ozzy Osbourne, Mötley Crüe, and Faith Hill.  He's also well known for performing the lead vocals for the fictitious band Stillwater in the movie Almost Famous.

Sorry (Buckcherry song)
"Sorry" is a song by American rock band Buckcherry. It is their fifth and final single from their third album, 15. Initially, "Sorry" was not planned to be a single, but after increasing popularity on mainstream radio, the band made a video and officially released the song in November 2007.
2006 United States Senate election in Virginia
The 2006 United States Senate election in Virginia was held November 7, 2006. Incumbent Republican Senator George Allen ran for reelection to a second term but was narrowly defeated by former Secretary of the Navy Jim Webb, who earned 49.6% of the vote to Allen's 49.2%. With a margin of just 0.4%, this election was the closest race of the 2006 Senate election cycle. This was the second consecutive election for this seat where the incumbent lost re-election. Allen later unsuccessfully ran for this seat again in 2012 when Webb did not seek re-election. This is the last time a Senator from Virginia lost re-election.

Prince William County, Virginia
Prince William County lies beside the Potomac River in the Commonwealth of Virginia. At the 2020 census, the population was 482,204, making it Virginia's second most populous county. The county seat is the independent city of Manassas. A part of Northern Virginia, Prince William County is part of the Washington metropolitan area. In 2020, it had the 24th highest income of any county in the United States. The county is named after Prince William, Duke of Cumberland, the youngest son of King George II.
Italians in France
Italian French (Italian: italo-francesi; French: italo-français) are French-born citizens who are fully or partially of Italian descent, whose ancestors were Italians who emigrated to France during the Italian diaspora, or Italian-born people in France.

Italian migration into what is today France has been going on, in different migrating cycles, for centuries, beginning in prehistoric times right to the modern age. In addition, Corsica passed from the Republic of Genoa to France in 1768, and the county of Nice and Savoy from the Kingdom of Sardinia to France in 1860.

About 5.5 million French nationals are of Italian origin, corresponding to about 8% of the total population (including Corsicans).

Charlotte Casiraghi
Charlotte Marie Pomeline Casiraghi (born 3 August 1986) is a Monégasque model, socialite, equestrian and journalist. She is the second child of Caroline, Princess of Hanover, and Stefano Casiraghi, an Italian industrialist. She is  twelfth in line to the throne of Monaco. Her maternal grandparents were Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, and American actress Grace Kelly.
Alphonse Fournier
Alphonse Fournier PC QC (March 24, 1893 – October 8, 1961) was a Canadian politician.

Born in Methuen, Massachusetts, he was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada representing the Quebec riding of Hull in the 1930 federal election. A Liberal, he was re-elected in 1935, 1940, 1945, and 1949.

From 1942 to 1953, he was the Minister of Public Works. From 1948 to 1953, he was the Leader of the Government in the House of Commons and Liberal Party House Leader.

His son, Roy Fournier, was also a member of the Quebec parliament and solicitor general for the province of Quebec.

There is a Alphonse Fournier fonds at Library and Archives Canada.

Library and Archives Canada
Library and Archives Canada (LAC; French: Bibliothèque et Archives Canada) is the federal institution tasked with acquiring, preserving, and providing accessibility to the documentary heritage of Canada. The national archive and library is the 16th largest library in the world. The LAC reports to the Parliament of Canada through the Minister of Canadian Identity and Culture.

LAC traces its origins to the Dominion Archives, formed in 1872, and the National Library of Canada, formed in 1953. The former was later renamed as the Public Archives of Canada in 1912, and the National Archives of Canada in 1987. In 2004, the National Archives of Canada and the National Library of Canada were merged to form Library and Archives Canada.
Rychłocice
Rychłocice [rɨxwɔˈt͡ɕit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Konopnica, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies on the Warta River, approximately 4 km (2 mi) north of Konopnica, 25 km (16 mi) north-east of Wieluń, and 64 km (40 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Wieluń
Wieluń [ˈvjɛluɲ] (Latin: Velun) is a town in south-central Poland with 21,624 inhabitants (2021). The town is the seat of the Gmina Wieluń and Wieluń County, and is located within the Łódź Voivodeship. Wieluń is a capital of the historical Wieluń Land.

Wieluń has a long and rich history. In the past, it used to be an important urban trade centre of the Kingdom of Poland. Several Polish kings and notables visited the town, but following the catastrophic Swedish Deluge (1655–1660), Wieluń declined and never regained its status. In September 1939, during the invasion of Poland, it was heavily bombed by the Luftwaffe. The Bombing of Wieluń is considered to be the first World War II bombing in Europe. It killed at least 127 civilians, injured hundreds more and destroyed the majority of the town.
Ted Hendry
Eugene "Ted" Hendry (born August 31, 1940) is an American former professional baseball umpire who worked in the American League from 1977 to 1999, wearing uniform number 35 when the AL adopted numbers for its umpires in 1980. Hendry umpired 2,906 major league games in his 23-year career. He umpired in the 1990 World Series, two All-Star Games (1983 and 1995), four American League Championship Series (1985, 1988, 1993 and 1998), and the 1996 American League Division Series. Hendry was also the home plate umpire of Bret Saberhagen's no hitter in 1991 and Jim Abbott's no hitter in 1993.

Bret Saberhagen
Bret William Saberhagen (/ˈseɪbərheɪɡɪn/; born April 11, 1964) is an American former professional baseball right-handed starting pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Kansas City Royals, New York Mets, Colorado Rockies, and Boston Red Sox from 1984 through 1999, and a comeback in 2001.

Known for his blazing fastball and pinpoint control, Saberhagen was named a three-time All-Star, a two-time Cy Young Award winner, a Gold Glove Award winner, and the Most Valuable Player of the 1985 World Series as the Royals beat the St. Louis Cardinals in 7 games. He led MLB in wins and earned run average in 1989, and threw a no-hitter in 1991.
Andrei Trușescu
Andrei George Trușescu (born 27 May 1999) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Pandurii Târgu Jiu in the Liga III, on loan from Astra Giurgiu. Trușescu was born in Pitești, Argeș County and grew up at FC Dănuț Coman Football Academy, then played for Roma Primavera before signing its first contract as a professional footballer on 27 August 2018, with Astra Giurgiu.

AS Roma Youth Sector
AS Roma Youth Sector is the youth set-up of Italian club AS Roma. The under-19 team (Primavera) currently competes in the Campionato Primavera 1, as well as the Coppa Italia Primavera, and regularly compete in the continental UEFA Youth League (2014–15, 2015–16 and 2016–17).

Roma Primavera have enjoyed much success over the years, winning the Campionato Nazionale Primavera eight times, the Coppa Italia Primavera five times and Torneo di Viareggio thrice.

Players to have graduated from the AS Roma Primavera squad include Bruno Conti, Agostino Di Bartolomei, Giuseppe Giannini, Daniele De Rossi and record appearance holder and record goalscorer Francesco Totti.
Upwardly Mobile
Upwardly Mobile was an Irish television sitcom that was made and broadcast by RTÉ. Three series, including three Christmas specials, were originally broadcast on RTÉ One between 8 September 1995 and 26 December 1997.

The programme starred Joe Savino and Catherine Byrne as northside couple Eddie and Molly Keogh, who win the Lotto and move to the exclusive Belvedere Downs estate on the southside of Dublin. Backed by a strong supporting cast, the series chronicles their highs and lows in life, in particular the contrast with their upper-class neighbours.

Northside, Dublin
The Northside (Irish: Taobh Ó Thuaidh) in an informal but commonly used term to describe the part of the city of Dublin that lies to the north of the River Liffey, and extending into part of North County Dublin. The part outside the city is within the county of Fingal, a local government area established in 1994. While it is sometimes regarded as less wealthy than the city's Southside, the Northside was originally the home of the city's upper classes and the more privileged of the two. Today, some of the wealthiest areas in Ireland, such as Malahide, Howth, Clontarf, and Castleknock, lie north of the river.
Ferromex
Ferromex (reporting mark FXE) (syllabic abbreviation of Ferrocarril Mexicano, 'Mexican Railway') is a private rail consortium that operates the largest (by mileage) railway in Mexico with combined mileage (Ferromex + Ferrosur) of 12,100 kilometres (7,500 mi) and is often classed with North American Class I railroads.

Abbreviation
An abbreviation (from Latin  brevis 'short') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing full stop (period). For example, the term etc. is the usual abbreviation for the Latin phrase et cetera.
Cruachan Power Station
The Cruachan Power Station (also known as the Cruachan Dam) is a pumped-storage hydroelectric power station in Argyll and Bute, Scotland, UK. The scheme can provide 440 MW of power and produced 705 GWh in 2009.

The turbine hall is located inside Ben Cruachan, and the scheme moves water between Cruachan Reservoir and Loch Awe, a height difference of 396 m (1,299 ft). It is one of only four pumped storage power stations in the United Kingdom, and is capable of providing a black start capability to the National Grid.

Construction began in 1959 to coincide with the Hunterston A nuclear power station in Ayrshire. Cruachan uses cheap electricity generated at night to pump water to the higher reservoir, which can then be released during the day to provide power as necessary. The power station is open to visitors, and around 50,000 tourists visit it each year.

Argyll and Bute
Argyll and Bute (Scots: Argyll an Buit; Scottish Gaelic: Earra-Ghàidheal agus Bòd, pronounced [ɛrˠəˈɣɛːəl̪ˠ akəs̪ ˈpɔːtʲ]) is one of 32 unitary council areas in Scotland and a lieutenancy area. The current lord-lieutenant for Argyll and Bute is Jane Margaret MacLeod (14 July 2020). The administrative centre for the council area is in Lochgilphead at Kilmory Castle, a 19th-century Gothic Revival building and estate. The current council leader is Councillor Jim Lynch.

Argyll and Bute covers the second-largest administrative area of any Scottish council. The council area adjoins those of Highland, Perth and Kinross, Stirling and West Dunbartonshire.
Łódź Marysin railway station
Łódź Marysin is a commuter railway station located in city of Łódź, in Bałuty district, Poland, on a loop line between Łódź Widzew and Zgierz stations, in the neighborhood of the former Radegast station. The station was constructed as part of the Łódź Commuter Railway and serves only ŁKA trains running from Łódź to Zgierz.

On 20 October 2019 the station was closed and since then is being expanded by rebuilding it into railroad turnout to increase the traffic rate on the line. Partial reopening of station took place in January 2020 after completion of works on the track switches. New platform was brought into service on 30 August 2020.

Railroad switch
A railroad switch (AE), turnout, or (set of) points (CE) is a mechanical installation enabling railway trains to be guided from one track to another, such as at a railway junction or where a spur or siding branches off.
Energy transformation
Energy transformation, also known as energy conversion, is the process of changing energy from one form to another. In physics, energy is a quantity that provides the capacity to perform work (e.g. lifting an object) or provides heat. In addition to being converted, according to the law of conservation of energy, energy is transferable to a different location or object or living being, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

Thermal energy
The term "thermal energy" is often used ambiguously in physics and engineering. It can denote several different physical concepts, including:

Internal energy: The energy contained within a body of matter or radiation, excluding the potential energy of the whole system.

Heat: Energy in transfer between a system and its surroundings by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work and transfer of matter.

The characteristic energy kBT, where T denotes temperature and kB denotes the Boltzmann constant; it is twice that associated with each degree of freedom.

Mark Zemansky (1970) has argued that the term "thermal energy" is best avoided due to its ambiguity. He suggests using more precise terms such as "internal energy" and "heat" to avoid confusion. The term is, however, used in some textbooks.
Altofts railway station
Altofts railway station served the village of Altofts near Normanton in the English county of West Yorkshire. It was opened in 1870 as Altofts and Whitwood by the Midland Railway on its line from Derby to Leeds Wellington Station. Much of the village of Altofts is in fact closer to Normanton station.

It was built on an embankment using spoil from the cutting south of Normanton. The area was in any case, prone to subsidence, resulting in speed restrictions and the need to shore up the platforms.
North of the station the line crosses the Aire and Calder Navigation and the River Calder by means of a viaduct of five 60-foot (18.3 m) arches.

Altofts
Altofts is a village in the civil parish of Normanton and Altofts, in the City of Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England. It lies 5 miles (8 km) north-east from the centre of Wakefield and less than 1 mile (1.6 km) north-west of Normanton. The M62 runs close to the village to the north-east, and the Aire and Calder Navigation to the north-west.

It is part of the ward of Altofts and Whitwood, which also includes the western part of Castleford.