hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Purvey (MP)
John Purvey (by 1525 – 21 April 1583), of Wormley, Hertfordshire, was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Huntingdon in October 1553, Horsham in November 1554, Hertfordshire in 1558, and Higham Ferrers in 1559 and 1563.

Hertfordshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Hertfordshire was a county constituency covering the county of Hertfordshire in England. It returned two Knights of the Shire to the House of Commons of England until 1707, then to the House of Commons of Great Britain until 1800, and to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 until 1832. The Reform Act 1832 gave the county a third seat with effect from the 1832 general election.

Elections were held using the bloc vote system, when contested. However, even after the 1832 reforms, contested elections were the exception: of the 17 elections from 1832 to 1880, 9 were uncontested, including the 1880 general election. In such cases all the nominated candidates were returned without a vote.
Wichrowiec
Wichrowiec [viˈxrɔvjɛt͡s] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Janowo, within Nidzica County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 19 km (12 mi) east of Nidzica and 49 km (30 mi) south of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Nidzica County
Nidzica County (Polish: powiat nidzicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Nidzica, which lies 48 kilometres (30 mi) south of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The county covers an area of 960.7 square kilometres (370.9 sq mi). As of 2006, its total population is 33,955, out of which the population of Nidzica is 14,761 and the rural population is 19,194.
Jörgen Brink
Jörgen Brink (born 10 March 1974 in Delsbo, Hälsingland) is a retired Swedish cross-country skier and biathlete who has competed since 1994. He earned three bronze medals at the 2003 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Val di Fiemme (10 km + 10 km double pursuit, 50 km, and 4 × 10 km relay).

Brink's best finish at the Winter Olympics was a 24th in the individual sprint in 2002. He won eleven FIS races from 1995 to 2006 at all distances. On 7 March 2010 he won the 90 km ski marathon race Vasaloppet, beating Daniel Tynell to the finishing line by a very narrow margin. Brink's winning time was 4 hours, 2 minutes and 59 seconds. On 6 March 2011 he won Vasaloppet again, beating Stanislav Řezáč by one second. His winning time was 3 hours, 51 minutes and 51 seconds. In 2012, he set a new Vasaloppet record by 16 seconds, winning at 3 hours, 38 minutes and 41 seconds. It was his third consecutive Vasaloppet win.

On 18 April 2019, he announced his retirement from cross-country skiing.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2003
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2003 took place February 18 – March 1, 2003 in Val di Fiemme, Italy for a second time (1991). The ski jumping team normal hill held in 2001 was not held at this championships while the women's 30 km returned after being cancelled in the previous championships due to extremely cold weather. Additionally the pursuit races went from separate races run on the same day (combined) to Skiathlon races.
Frederick Hilgen
Johann Friedrich "Frederick" Hilgen (April 3, 1805 – March 27, 1878) was a German American immigrant, miller, and Wisconsin pioneer.  He is known as the "father" of Cedarburg, Wisconsin, and was responsible for the construction of the historic Cedarburg Mill and the Hilgen and Wittenberg Woolen Mill.  He also represented Ozaukee County in the Wisconsin Senate during the 1860 legislative session.

Ozaukee County, Wisconsin
Ozaukee County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 91,503. Its county seat is Port Washington. Ozaukee County is included in the Milwaukee metropolitan area.

As of the 2000 Census, Ozaukee County had the second-lowest poverty rate of any county in the United States, at 2.6%. In terms of per capita income, it is the 25th-wealthiest county in the country.
Kyrillos Katerelos
Kyrillos Katerelos (His Eminence Kyrillos, Metropolitan of Krini; Greek:  Ο Σεβασμιώτατος  Μητροπολίτης Κρήνης Κύριλλος; French: Cyrille; Russian: Кирилл; Born Evangelos Katerelos Greek: Κατερέλος Ευάγγελος, 21 November 1956, Lamia) is the Eastern Orthodox Christian Metropolitan Bishop of  Krini (Çesme) and exarch of Malta (Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople).  A theologian, church historian, and canonist, he is currently a professor of theology at the University of Athens.

National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA; Greek: Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών, Ethnikó kai Kapodistriakó Panepistímio Athinón), simply referred to as the University of Athens (UoA), is a public university in Athens, Greece, with various campuses along the Athens agglomeration.

It has been in continuous operation since its establishment in 1837 and is the oldest higher education institution of the modern Greek state and the first contemporary university in both the Balkan Peninsula and the Eastern Mediterranean. Today it is one of the largest universities by enrollment in Europe, with over 69,000 registered students.
Chicheley War Memorial
Chicheley War Memorial is located in Hall Lane, Chicheley, Buckinghamshire, England. It is a grade II listed building with Historic England. It was designed by Sir Herbert Baker and unveiled on 22 October 1920 by Lady Farrar of Chicheley Hall.

Chicheley Hall
Chicheley Hall, Chicheley, Buckinghamshire, England, is a country house built in the first quarter of the 18th century. The client was Sir John Chester, the main architect was Francis Smith of Warwick and the architectural style is Baroque. Later owners included David Beatty, 2nd Earl Beatty, and the Royal Society. Chicheley Hall is a Grade I listed building.
Crawick Multiverse
Crawick Multiverse is a land art project by the landscape architect and designer Charles Jencks near Sanquhar, Dumfries and Galloway. It opened to the public on 21 June 2015. The project is located on the site of a former open cast coal mine and covers approximately 55 acres, making it the largest of Jencks's works in Britain. Nine 'landforms' make up the Crawick Multiverse.

Like Jencks's other work, including the nearby Garden of Cosmic Speculation, these represent ideas from modern cosmology. Unlike the Garden of Cosmic Speculation, the Crawick Multiverse landforms use stone, in the style of the megalithic monuments. These include the 'North-South Line', a 400 meter long stone avenue flanked by over 300 boulders, and two stone circles on top of mounds representing the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies. In total, over 2000 boulders have been used in the project. Jencks has described it as "A cosmic landscape worthy of the ancients."

Open-pit mining
Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining, is a surface mining technique that extracts rock or minerals from the earth.

Open-pit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful ore or rocks are found near the surface where the overburden is relatively thin. In contrast, deeper mineral deposits can be reached using underground mining.

This form of mining carries several risks to the health and safety of miners, and can have a significant negative impact on the environment.
Boise State Broncos track and field
The Boise State Broncos track and field team is the track and field program that represents Boise State University. The Broncos compete in NCAA Division I as a member of the Mountain West Conference. The team is based in Boise, Idaho, at the Ed Jacoby Track.

The program is coached by Pat McCurry. The track and field program officially encompasses four teams because the NCAA considers men's and women's indoor track and field and outdoor track and field as separate sports.

In 2019, runner Allie Ostrander became the first Boise State athlete to win three NCAA individual titles, which she accomplished in the 3000 meters steeplechase. The performance marked the most national titles won by any Broncos athlete in any sport.

3000 metres steeplechase
The 3000 metres steeplechase or 3000-meter steeplechase (usually abbreviated as 3000mSC) is the most common distance for the steeplechase in track and field. It is an obstacle race over the distance of the 3000 metres, which derives its name from the horse racing steeplechase.
Wilbur Dawbarn
Wilbur Dawbarn is a British cartoonist based in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. He has drawn cartoons for publications such as Punch, The Times, Private Eye, The Spectator, and comic strips, such as The Beano's Billy Whizz (2012–2014), Mr. Meecher, the Uncool Teacher, Rocky's Horror Show, Winker Watson, Robin Hood's Schooldays, The Badd Lads, and Jack Silver for the Dandy (2010–2014). He also collaborated on Useleus with Alexander Matthews for the children's comic The Phoenix.

In July 2013, Dawbarn tweeted The Dandy digital project had ended, causing speculation the comic was being discontinued. The comic's publisher DC Thomson said this was not the case.

DC Thomson
DC Thomson is a media company based in Dundee, Scotland. Founded by David Couper Thomson in 1905, it is best known for publishing The Courier, The Evening Telegraph and The Sunday Post newspapers, and the comics Oor Wullie, The Broons, The Beano, The Dandy and  Commando. It also owns the Aberdeen Journals Group which publishes the Press and Journal. The company owns several websites, including Findmypast, and owned the now defunct social media site Friends Reunited.
Wichter Ee
The Wichter Ee is a gat between the East Frisian Islands of Norderney (to the west) and Baltrum (to the east).

At the eastern end of the island of Norderney in the Wichter Ee are sandbanks occupied by common and grey seals. The western end of Baltrum is formed by the port and massive coastal defences, that protect the island from storm surges driven by westerly winds that would otherwise flood the island.

53°43′27″N 7°21′16″E﻿ / ﻿53.72417°N 7.35444°E﻿ / 53.72417; 7.35444

Grey seal
The grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) is a large seal of the family Phocidae, which are commonly referred to as "true seals" or "earless seals". The only species classified in the genus Halichoerus, it is found on both shores of the North Atlantic Ocean. In Latin, Halichoerus grypus means "hook-nosed sea pig". Its name is spelled gray seal in the United States; it is also known as Atlantic seal and the horsehead seal.
1999 Ukrainian Cup final
The 1999 Ukrainian Cup final was a football match that took place at the NSC Olimpiyskiy on 30 May 1999. The match was the 8th Ukrainian Cup Final and it was contested by Dynamo Kyiv and Karpaty Lviv. The 1999 Ukrainian Cup Final was the eighth to be held in the Ukrainian capital Kyiv. Dynamo won  by three goals.

FC Karpaty Lviv
Football Club Karpaty Lviv (Ukrainian: Футбольний клуб "Карпати" Львів [kɐrˈpɑtɪ ˈlʲwiu̯]) is a Ukrainian professional football club based in Lviv.

In 2020–21 the club was reorganized and changed owners. During that period, two clubs existed with the same name - one at professional level competitions and another at amateur.
Gerard County
Gerard Maximin County (born 1960 in Port of Spain) is a Trinidadian clergyman and bishop for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kingstown. He was ordained in 1996, and appointed bishop in 2015. In 2016, he entered into a partnership with the Archdiocese of Louisville to renovate the diocesan pastoral center, among other projects intended to aid Kingstown and other small dioceses in the area. In April 2021, following the eruption of the La Soufriere, he sent a message asking for prayers from the people of St. Vincent and the Grenadines to "bring triumph from tragedy".

La Soufrière (Saint Vincent)
La Soufrière or Soufrière Saint Vincent (French pronunciation: [sufʁjɛʁ sɛ̃ vɛ̃sɑ̃]) is an active volcano on the Caribbean island of Saint Vincent in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. It is the highest peak on Saint Vincent, and has had eight recorded eruptions since 1718. The latest eruptive activity began on 27 December 2020 with the slow extrusion of a dome of lava, and culminated in a series of explosive events between 9 and 22 April 2021.
Relative dimension
In mathematics, specifically linear algebra and geometry, relative dimension is the dual notion to codimension.

In linear algebra, given a quotient map , the difference dim V − dim Q is the relative dimension; this equals the dimension of the kernel.

In fiber bundles, the relative dimension of the map is the dimension of the fiber.

More abstractly, the codimension of a map is the dimension of the cokernel, while the relative dimension of a map is the dimension of the kernel.

These are dual in that the inclusion of a subspace  of codimension k dualizes to yield a quotient map  of relative dimension k, and conversely.

The additivity of codimension under intersection corresponds to the additivity of relative dimension in a fiber product. Just as codimension is mostly used for injective maps, relative dimension is mostly used for surjective maps.

Pullback (category theory)
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a pullback (also called a fiber product, fibre product, fibered product or Cartesian square) is the limit of a diagram consisting of two morphisms f : X → Z and g : Y → Z with a common codomain. The pullback is written

P = X ×f, Z, g Y.

Usually the morphisms f and g are omitted from the notation, and then the pullback is written

P = X ×Z Y.

The pullback comes equipped with two natural morphisms P → X and P → Y.  The pullback of two morphisms f and g need not exist, but if it does, it is essentially uniquely defined by the two morphisms. In many situations, X ×Z Y may intuitively be thought of as consisting of pairs of elements (x, y) with x in X, y in Y, and f(x)  =  g(y). For the general definition, a universal property is used, which essentially expresses the fact that the pullback is the "most general" way to complete the two given morphisms to a commutative square.

The dual concept of the pullback is the pushout.
Adam Elsheimer
Adam Elsheimer (18 March 1578 – 11 December 1610) was a German Baroque painter who worked in Rome. Though his career was short, his relatively few paintings were very influential in the early 17th century. His works were nearly all small oils  on copper plates, of the type often known as cabinet paintings. They include a variety of light effects, and an innovative treatment of landscape. He was an influence on many other artists, including Rembrandt and Peter Paul Rubens.

Petworth House
Petworth House is a late 17th-century Grade I listed country house in the parish of Petworth, West Sussex, England. It was built in 1688 by Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset, and altered in the 1870s to the design of the architect Anthony Salvin. It contains intricate wood-carvings by Grinling Gibbons (d. 1721). It is the manor house of the manor of Petworth. For centuries it was the southern home for the Percy family, earls of Northumberland.

Petworth is famous for its extensive art collection made by the Northumberland and Seymour/Somerset families and George Wyndham, 3rd Earl of Egremont (1751–1837), containing many works by his friend J. M. W. Turner. It also has an expansive deer park, landscaped by Capability Brown, which contains a large herd of fallow deer.
Foreign relations of Yemen
The foreign relations of Yemen are the relationships and policies that Yemen maintains with other countries. It is a member of the United Nations, the Arab League, and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. Yemen participates in the nonaligned movement. The Republic of Yemen accepted responsibility for all treaties and debts of its predecessors, the YAR and the PDRY. Additionally, Yemen acceded to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and has stressed the need to render the Middle East region free of nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction.

Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC; Arabic: منظمة التعاون الإسلامي, romanised: Munaẓẓamat at-Taʿāwun al-ʾIslāmī; French: Organisation de la coopération islamique), formerly the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, is an intergovernmental organisation founded in 1969. It consists of 57 member states, 48 of which are Muslim-majority. The organisation claims to be "the collective voice of the Muslim world" and works to "safeguard and protect the interests of the Muslim world in the spirit of promoting international peace and harmony".

OIC has permanent delegations to the United Nations and the European Union. Its official languages are Arabic, English, and French. It operates affiliated, specialised, and subsidiary organs within the framework of OIC Charter.

Member states had a collective population of over 1.8 billion as of 2015, accounting for just under a quarter of the world's population. The collective area is 31.66 m km2.
NGC 1198
NGC 1198 is an elliptical galaxy in the constellation of Perseus. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 1419 ± 14 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 20.92 ± 1.48 Mpc (~68 million light-years). It was discovered by French astronomer Édouard Stephan on 6 December 1880. This galaxy was also observed by the American astronomer Lewis Swift on 27 October 1888, and was later added to the Index Catalogue as IC 282.

Lewis A. Swift
Lewis A. Swift (February 29, 1820 – January 5, 1913) was an American astronomer who discovered 13 comets and 1,248 previously uncatalogued nebulae. Only William Herschel discovered more nebulae visually.
Diego Fernández de Córdoba (died 1450)
Diego Fernández de Córdoba (died November 1450) was a Castilian knight and nobleman. He was the lord of Chillón, Espejo and Lucena.

Diego was born in the final third of the 14th century, the first son of Martín I Fernández de Córdoba and his first wife, María Alfonso de Argote. He married Catalina de Sotomayor, daughter of Garcí Madruga, lord of El Carpio. They had three sons (Martín, Garcí, Diego) and three daughters (Inés, Isabel, María).

In 1421, during Henry of Aragon's revolt, Diego was entrusted by King John II to deliver a personal letter to Henry. In general, however, he sided with Álvaro de Luna against the disgruntled nobles. In 1431, he took part in Luna's campaign against Granada. He remained on Luna's side during the Castilian Civil War of 1437–1445. He was at the battle of Olmedo in 1445. In 1450, he signed an accord with his brothers Alfonso and Pedro, allowing him to inherit the office of alcaide of the donceles (royal pages). He died in November that year.

First Battle of Olmedo
The First Battle of Olmedo, between Castilian forces and those of Navarre and Aragon, took place on 19 May 1445 outside Olmedo in Castile (now in the province of Valladolid, Spain).

The war was in part prompted by the decrees of John II of Castile and his aide Álvaro de Luna that rents, that is taxes, from the town of Medina del Campo would be paid to his administration, rather than that of John II of Aragon, also of Navarre. The latter king invaded Castile, aided by his brother Alfonso V of Aragón. The Castilian king departed from Medina del Campo, and met the invasion at Olmedo, where he was successful. The infante (prince) Henry of Aragon, the younger brother of Alfonso and John, died of his wounds a few days later in Calatayud.
Billy Uhl
Billy Uhl (born April 22, 1950) is an American former professional motorcycle enduro competitor. He represented the United States in the International Six Day Trials in the 1970s, winning five gold medals.

The son of a motorcycle dealer, he was born in Wooster, Ohio and grew up in Idaho. Uhl competed in several different off-road motorcycling disciplines including motocross, trials, dirt track oval racing and hillclimbs. In 1969, Uhl became the youngest ISDT gold medal winner at the age of nineteen. After his retirement from competition, he became active in designing off-road trails as well as becoming an advocate for responsible off-road vehicle usage.

He was inducted into the AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame in 2007.

Off-roading
Off-roading is the act of driving or riding in a vehicle on unpaved surfaces such as sand, dirt, gravel, riverbeds, mud, snow, rocks, or other natural terrain. Off-roading ranges from casual drives with regular vehicles to competitive events with customized vehicles and skilled drivers.
Mount Royal (sternwheeler)
Mount Royal was a sternwheeler that worked on the Skeena River and Stikine Rivers in British Columbia, Canada, from 1902 until 1907. She was named after Lord Strathcona who was also known as Donald Smith, 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal.: 199

Mount Royal was owned by the Hudson's Bay Company which also owned Caledonia and Strathcona. These sternwheelers were used to serve the communities along the river before and during the construction of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. During her six seasons of service, Mount Royal was piloted by Captain SB Johnson.: 112

Mount Royal was built to run against Hazelton a privately owned sternwheeler that worked as a passenger and freight steamer for Robert Cunningham.: 65, 66

Paddle steamer
A paddle steamer is a steamship or steamboat powered by a steam engine driving paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water. Earlier ships that are driven by a paddle wheel under manual power are known as paddle wheelers.

In the early 19th century, paddle wheels were the predominant way of propulsion for steam-powered boats. In the late 19th century, paddle propulsion was largely superseded by the screw propeller and other marine propulsion systems that have a higher efficiency, especially in rough or open water.

Paddle wheels continue to be used by some ships that operate as excursion boats, floating restaurants, and casinos; these include replica vessels, and are often diesel powered.

Small pedal-powered paddle boats are also found, typically as novelty attractions.
Southern Plains Indian Museum
Southern Plains Indian Museum is a Native American museum located in Anadarko, Oklahoma. It was opened in 1948 under a cooperative governing effort by the United States Department of the Interior and the Oklahoma state government. The museum features cultural and artistic works from Oklahoma tribal peoples of the Southern Plains region, including the Caddo, Chiricahua Apache, Comanche, Delaware Nation, Kiowa, Plains Apache, Southern Arapaho, Southern Cheyenne, and Wichita.

Allan Houser
Allan Capron Houser or Haozous (June 30, 1914 – August 22, 1994) was a Chiricahua Apache sculptor, painter, and book illustrator born in Oklahoma. He was one of the most renowned Native American painters and Modernist sculptors of the 20th century.

Houser's work can be found at the Smithsonian Museum of American Art, the National Museum of the American Indian, the National Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C., the Oklahoma State Capitol Building, and in numerous major museum collections throughout North America, Europe, and Japan. Additionally, Houser's Offering of the Sacred Pipe is on display at United States Mission to the United Nations in New York City.
Second Chance Month
Second Chance Month, observed in the United States during April since 2017, is a nationwide effort to raise awareness of the collateral consequences of a criminal conviction, and unlock second-chance opportunities for people who have completed their sentences to become contributing citizens. The awareness effort is led by Prison Fellowship, the nation's largest nonprofit serving prisoners, former prisoners, and their families, and an advocate for justice reform.  Activities include promoting public awareness and encouraging employers to become second-chance employer.

Prisoner
A prisoner, also known as an inmate or detainee, is a person who is deprived of liberty against their will. This can be by confinement or captivity in a prison or physical restraint. The term usually applies to one serving a sentence in prison.