hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1992–93 Liga Alef
The 1992–93 Liga Alef season saw Hapoel Beit She'an (champions of the North Division) and Hapoel Rishon LeZion (champions of the South Division) win their regional divisions and promotion to Liga Artzit, along with runners-up Hapoel Tayibe and Hapoel Bat Yam.

At the bottom, Maccabi Bnei Hatzor (from the North division) and Beitar Netanya (from the South division) finished bottom and relegated to Liga Bet.

Hapoel Bat Yam F.C.
Hapoel Bat Yam  (Hebrew: הפועל בת ים) (currently known as Hapoel Abirei Bat Yam Hebrew: הפועל אבירי בת ים, lit. Hapoel Bat Yam Knights) is an Israeli football club from the city of Bat Yam. The current club is a resurrection of an older Hapoel Bat Yam club, which was folded in 2004.
Sangupiddy Bridge
Sangupiddy Bridge (Changkupiddy Bridge) is a road bridge across Jaffna Lagoon in northern Sri Lanka. It connects Sangupiddy in Kilinochchi District to Karaitivu in Jaffna District. It is one of only two road bridges connecting the densely populated Jaffna Peninsula with the mainland.

Kilinochchi District
Kilinochchi District (Tamil: கிளிநொச்சி மாவட்டம் Kiḷinocci Māvaṭṭam; Sinhala: කිලිනොච්චි දිස්ත්‍රික්කය) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka, the second level administrative division of the country. The district is administered by a District Secretariat headed by a District Secretary (previously known as a Government Agent) appointed by the central government of Sri Lanka. The capital of the district is the town of Kilinochchi.
The Great Irish Bake Off series 3
Series 3 of The Great Irish Bake Off aired on TV3 in Ireland and saw twelve home bakers take part in a bake-off to test every aspect of their baking skills as they battled to be crowned The Great Irish Bake Off's best amateur baker. Each week saw keen bakers put through two challenges in a particular discipline. The series aired from 25 October 2015 till 13 December 2015. This season was presented by Anna Nolan and judged by Paul Kelly and Lilly Higgins.

Virgin Media One
Virgin Media One, also called Virgin One, is an Irish free-to-air television channel owned by Virgin Media Ireland (part of Liberty Global), operated through its subsidiary Virgin Media Television. The channel launched on 20 September 1998, as TV Three, becoming Ireland's fourth television channel and the first commercial channel. It was known as TV3 from 2006, and then as Virgin Media One from 30 August 2018. The channel broadcasts a mix of Irish programming and acquired programming from ITV and other networks.
Down to Earth (book)
Down to Earth (2008)  is a Canadian literary collection by high school students in Montreal. The book focuses on environmental issues through creative writing. The collection features introductions by Roberta Bondar and Justin Trudeau as well as endorsements from David Suzuki and Robert Bateman. The book was edited and published by Michael Ernest Sweet.

Roberta Bondar
Roberta Lynn Bondar (/ˈbɒndər/; born December 4, 1945) is a Canadian astronaut, neurologist and consultant. She is Canada's first female astronaut and the first neurologist in space.

After more than a decade as head of an international space medicine research team collaborating with NASA, Bondar became a consultant and speaker in the business, scientific, and medical communities.

Roberta Bondar has received many honours including appointment as a Companion of the Order of Canada and the Order of Ontario, the NASA Space Flight Medal, over 28 honorary degrees, induction into the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame, the International Women's Forum Hall of Fame and a star on Canada's Walk of Fame.
Loch of Swannay
The Loch of Swannay is the most northerly loch on the mainland of Orkney and lies within the parish of Birsay in the north west of the island.  It is an elliptically shaped, freshwater loch  and is close to the lochs of Hundland and Boardhouse.  The grassland at the shore of the loch is the main feeding area for a wintering flock of rare Greenland white-fronted geese and the rare flat-stalked pondweed is found in the waters.  Many varieties of birds use and nest in the loch including mute swans, skylarks, meadow pipits, twites, gulls and sedge warblers. It is also popular for trout fishing.

The loch was surveyed in 1906 by James Murray and later charted as part of the Bathymetrical Survey of Fresh-Water Lochs of Scotland 1897-1909.

Twite
The twite (Linaria flavirostris) is a small brown passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae. It is a partially migratory species that is found in a strongly disjunct distribution in northern Europe, and in Asian mountains from eastern Turkey to Nepal, western China and Mongolia. It mainly feeds on small seeds but occasionally also feeds on insects.
Ramachari
Ramachari – Eedo Pedda Goodachari is a 2013 Indian Telugu-language comedy film directed by Eshwar. A remake of C.I.D. Moosa, the film stars Venu Thottempudi and Kamalinee Mukherjee. The film was released on 17 May 2013. After the failure of this film, Venu Thottempudi took a break from acting.

Kamalinee Mukherjee
Kamalinee Mukherjee is an Indian actress. She has predominantly appeared in Telugu films as well as a few Malayalam and Tamil films.

After graduating with a degree in English literature, she completed a workshop on theatre in Mumbai. She made her acting debut in Phir Milenge (2004), a film that was based on the subject of AIDS. She then appeared in the Telugu film Anand also in 2004.
Head over Heels (British TV series)
Head over Heels is a British television comedy-drama programme lasting one series, which was broadcast on ITV from 11 January to 22 February 1993. It starred Ann Bell as Gracie Ellis, Sally Geoghegan as Catherine Ellis, Kathy Kiera Clarke as Bernadette Brennan and Elena Ferrari as Patsy Willoughby. The programme was produced at the Pinewood Studios.

Pinewood Studios
Pinewood Studios is a British film and television studio located in the village Iver Heath, England, 18 miles (29 km) west of central London.

Opened in 1936, the studio has been the base for many productions from major films to television programmes, commercials, and pop promos, including the James Bond and Carry On film franchises.
2025 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials
The 2025 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials (branded as the 2025 Montana's Canadian Curling Trials for sponsorship reasons) were held from November 22 to 29 at the Scotiabank Centre in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The winners of the men's and women's events represented Canada at the 2026 Winter Olympics.

UTC−04:00
UTC−04:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of −04:00.

It is observed in the Eastern Time Zone (e.g., in Canada and the United States) during daylight saving time, as Eastern Daylight Time. The Atlantic Time Zone observes it during standard time.

It is observed all year in the Eastern Caribbean and several South American countries.
Brixton murals
The Brixton murals are a series of murals by local artists in the Brixton area, in south London. Most of the murals were funded by Lambeth London Borough Council and the Greater London Council after the Brixton riots in 1981.

The murals portray politics, community and ideas. Many are now in a state of disrepair and some are no longer there.

The remaining murals are within walking distance of each other.

Greater London Council
The Greater London Council (GLC) was the top-tier local government administrative body for Greater London from 1965 to 1986. It replaced the earlier London County Council (LCC) which had covered a much smaller area. The GLC was dissolved in 1986 by the Local Government Act 1985 and its powers were devolved to the London boroughs and other entities. A new administrative body, known as the Greater London Authority (GLA), was established in 2000.
J. Todd Billings
J. Todd Billings (born 9 June 1973) is the Gordon H. Girod Research Professor of Reformed Theology at Western Theological Seminary in Holland, Michigan.  Billings has lectured in Europe, South Africa, and the United States, and has published in a variety of journals, including Modern Theology, Harvard Theological Review, Missiology, and International Journal of Systematic Theology, as well as periodicals such as Christianity Today, The Christian Century, and Sojourners.

Sojourners
Sojourners is a progressive monthly magazine and daily online publication of the American Christian social justice organization Sojourners, which arose out of the Sojourners Community. It was first published in 1971 under the original title of The Post-American. The magazine and online publication feature reporting, commentary, and analysis on Christianity and politics, the church and social issues, social justice, and Christian living. Articles frequently feature coverage of fair trade, interfaith dialogue, peacemaking, and work to alleviate poverty. The offices of the magazine are in Washington, D.C.

Julie Polter has served as editor-in-chief since September 2022. She followed Sandi Villarreal, who was named in August 2020. Adam Russell Taylor succeeded founder Jim Wallis as president in November 2020.
Jim Sewell
James Vernon Sewell (born 3 February 1955) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Footscray in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1980s.

Born in Geraldton, Sewell commenced his senior football career with West Australian Football League (WAFL) club East Fremantle and was centre half forward in their 1979 premiership team with a reputation for high flying marks. When he crossed to Footscray in 1983 he was used initially as a full-back but the following season Sewell played up forward, kicking 28 goals. He was a losing Preliminary Finalist in 1985, kicking two goals in the loss to Hawthorn.

A regular Western Australian representative, Sewell played in the original 1977 State of Origin game and the 1979 Perth State of Origin Carnival.

Following his retirement from football, Sewell served as the Football Manager of the Brisbane Bears.

Geraldton
Geraldton (/ˈd͡ʒɛɹəltən/, JER-əl-tən; Wajarri: Jambinu, Wilunyu: Jambinbirri) is a coastal city in the Mid West region of Western Australia, 424 kilometres (263 mi) north of the state capital, Perth.

As of the 2021 census, Geraldton had an urban population of 38,595. Geraldton is the seat of government for the City of Greater Geraldton, which also incorporates the town of Mullewa, Walkaway and large rural areas previously forming the shires of Greenough and Mullewa.

The Port of Geraldton is a major west coast seaport. Geraldton is an important service and logistics centre for regional mining, fishing, wheat, sheep and tourism industries.
National Weather Service St. Louis, Missouri
National Weather Service St. Louis is the National Weather Service office located in St. Charles, Missouri, just outside St. Louis, Missouri.  There are 46 counties in its County Warning Area (CWA).  Some of the cities in its CWA are Columbia, Farmington, Hannibal and Jefferson City in Missouri, and Belleville, Centralia, Edwardsville, and Quincy in Illinois.

Farmington, Missouri
Farmington is a city in and the county seat of St. Francois, Missouri, United States. It is in the Lead Belt region in Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 18,217. Farmington was established in 1822 as Murphy's Settlement, named for William Murphy of Kentucky, who first visited the site in 1798. When St. Francois County was organized, the town was briefly called St. Francois Court House and later renamed to Farmington.
Carystius
Carytius of Pergamum (Greek: Καρύστιος) was an ancient Greek grammarian who lived at the end of the 2nd century BCE, all of whose works are now lost. Among his works were Historical Notes (Ἱστορικα ὑπομνήματα), On the Dramatic Poets (Περι διδασκαλιῶν), and On Sotades (Περι Σωτάδου).  The first of these was used by Athenaeus in composing the Deipnosophistae, in which many of its passages are preserved.

Deipnosophistae
The Deipnosophistae (Ancient Greek: Δειπνοσοφισταί, Deipnosophistaí, lit. 'The Dinner Sophists', where sophists may be translated more loosely as 'sages, philosophers, experts') is a work written c. 200 AD in Ancient Greek by Athenaeus of Naucratis. It is a long work of literary, historical, and antiquarian references set in Rome at a series of banquets held by the protagonist Publius Livius Larensis for an assembly of grammarians, lexicographers, jurists, musicians, and hangers-on.
Listing's law
Listing's law, named after German mathematician Johann Benedict Listing (1808–1882), describes the three-dimensional orientation of the eye and its axes of rotation. Listing's law has been shown to hold when the head is stationary and upright and gaze is directed toward far targets, i.e., when the eyes are either fixating, making saccades, or pursuing moving visual targets.

Listing's law (often abbreviated L1) has been generalized to the binocular extension of Listing's law (often abbreviated L2) which also covers vergence.

Listing proposed Listing's law based on its geometric beauty, although he never published it. It was first published by Christian Georg Theodor Ruete in a 1855 textbook. Hermann von Helmholtz first found empirical justification based on measurements of afterimages.

Listing's law has also been reported for the head, the arm, and the wrist, although for the head, the control is more nuanced.

Binocular vision
Within the science of vision, binocular vision focuses on the question of how humans and animals perceive the world with two eyes instead of one. Two main areas are distinguished: directional vision and depth perception (stereopsis). In addition, both eyes can positively or negatively influence each other's vision through binocular interaction.

In medical science, binocular vision refers to binocular vision disorders and tests and exercises to improve binocular vision. In biology, binocular vision refers to the fact that the placement of the eyes affects the capabilities of depth perception and directional vision in animals. In society, binocular vision refers to applications for seeing stereoscopic images and aids for binocular vision.
Obergefreiter
Obergefreiter (abbr. OGefr.) is an enlisted rank of the German and Swiss militaries which dates from the 19th century.

In today's Bundeswehr, every Gefreiter is normally promoted Obergefreiter after six months. The NATO-Code is OR-3 which would make Obergefreiter the equivalent to private / airman / seaman first class in most forces or, e.g., lance corporal in the Australian/New Zealand Forces. Like all enlisted personnel in the German Bundeswehr, soldiers of this rank have no military authority over lower ranking enlisted personnel (for instance Schütze or Gefreiter), except given by a higher rank.

In the Bundeswehr the lower rank is Gefreiter while the next rank is Hauptgefreiter. The lower rank in the Swiss Army is also Gefreiter; the next rank is Korporal.

Enlisted rank
An enlisted rank (also known as an enlisted grade or enlisted rate or enlisted man) is, in some armed services, any rank below that of a commissioned officer. The term can be inclusive of non-commissioned officers or warrant officers, except in United States military usage where warrant officers/chief warrant officers are a separate officer category ranking above enlisted grades and below commissioned officer grades. In most cases, enlisted service personnel perform jobs specific to their own occupational specialty, as opposed to the more generalized command responsibilities of commissioned officers.

The term "enlistment" refers solely to a military commitment (whether officer or enlisted) whereas the terms "taken on strength" and "struck off strength" refer to a service member being carried on a given unit's roll.
Neolithic symbols in China
Beginning in the latter half of the 20th century, artifacts bearing markings dating to the Neolithic period have been unearthed at several archeological sites in China, mostly in the Yellow River valley. These symbols, collectively called Táo Wén (陶文 'pottery scripts'), have been compared to the oracle bone script — the earliest known forms of Chinese characters, first attested in the late 13th century BCE — and have been cited by some as evidence that Chinese writing has existed in some form for over six millennia. However, the Neolithic symbols have only been found in small numbers, and do not appear to go beyond pictorial techniques, as is required to obtain a true writing system representing spoken language.

Damaidi
Damaidi (simplified Chinese: 大麦地; traditional Chinese: 大麥地; pinyin: Dàmàidì; literally: Big wheat field) is the location of 3,172 sets of early Chinese petroglyphs, carved into the cliffs which feature 8,453 individual figures. Cliff carving expert  Li Xiangshi stated that "The pictographs are similar to the ancient hieroglyphs of Chinese characters and many can be identified as ancient characters," Another expert said "Through arduous research, we have found that some pictographs are commonly seen in up to hundreds of pictures in the carvings," said Liu Jingyun, an expert on ancient Oracle Bone characters. The size, shape and meanings of the pictographs in different carvings are the same. These pictographs may be the origin of Chinese characters.

Damaidi itself is a small village located in Zhongwei in Central China, set amid the Weining Mountains on the north bend of the Yellow River.
Louis De Haes
Louis De Haes (born 23 July 1896, date of death unknown) was a Belgian weightlifter. He competed in the men's featherweight event at the 1920 Summer Olympics. Fourteen athletes from eleven nations took part in the event, which was held on 29 August 1920.

Weightlifting at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Men's 60 kg
The men's featherweight was a weightlifting event held as part of the Weightlifting at the 1920 Summer Olympics programme in Antwerp. 1920 was the first time weightlifting was divided into weight categories. Featherweight was the lightest category, including weightlifters weighing up to 60 kilograms. A total of 14 weightlifters from 11 nations competed in the event, which was held on 29 August 1920.
Gideon Peters
Gideon George Peters (born 6 August 1999) is a South African cricketer. He made his Twenty20 debut for Northerns in the 2019–20 CSA Provincial T20 Cup on 13 September 2019. In April 2021, he was named in Border's squad, ahead of the 2021–22 cricket season in South Africa.

Northerns cricket team
Northerns (formerly North Eastern Transvaal and Northern Transvaal) has played first-class cricket in South Africa since December 1937. Its territory is the area north of Johannesburg, including Pretoria.

For the purposes of the SuperSport Series, Northerns has merged with Easterns (formerly Eastern Transvaal) to form the Titans.
Ola Fløene
Ola Fløene (born February 1, 1969) is a Norwegian rally co-driver in the World Rally Championship. He is currently contesting WRC2 alongside long-time colleague Andreas Mikkelsen with Toksport WRT. In the past Ola has co-driven with a number of Norwegians and Swedes including Pontus Tidemand, Mads Østberg and Henning Solberg.

World Rally Championship
The World Rally Championship (WRC) is an international rallying series owned and governed by the FIA. Inaugurated in 1973, it is the second oldest FIA world championship (after Formula One). Each season lasts one calendar year, and typically consists of 13 three- to four-day rally events driven on surfaces ranging from gravel and tarmac to snow and ice. Each rally is usually split into 15–25 special stages which are run against the clock on up to 350 kilometres (220 mi) of closed roads.

Separate championship titles are awarded to drivers, co-drivers and manufacturers. There are also two support championships, WRC2 and WRC3, which are contested on the same events and stages as the WRC, but with progressively lower maximum performance and running costs of the cars permitted. Junior WRC is also contested by younger drivers on five events of the World Rally Championship calendar.
Stanley Herbert
Stanley Herbert (27 June 1905 – 1 January 1967) was a British commercial artist active in the 1930s to 1960s.

Among his clients were The Radio Times, for which he painted covers, and London Transport and Imperial Airways, for both of whom he designed posters. His other clients included the RAF, BOAC, Danish Bacon and the National Savings Bank, and the children's comics 'Eagle', 'Girl' and 'Jack and Jill'. He painted the portrait of Maid Marian used as a logo for the convenience food store chain of that name, which was use until the 1980s.

He also worked in scraperboard, and illustrated a number of books. He taught poster design at the Reimann School, London.

Herbert died at Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge on 1 January 1967.

Jack and Jill (comics)
Jack and Jill was a British children's comics magazine published by Amalgamated Press/Fleetway/IPC between 27 February 1954 and 29 June 1985, a run of approximately 1,640 issues. In 1955, Jack and Jill absorbed the fellow Amalgamated Press title Playbox (launched in 1925).

The title of the magazine was derived from the nursery rhyme of the same title but the characters Jack and Jill of Buttercup Farm were otherwise unrelated. Jack and Jill of Buttercup Farm was the cover strip for many years, originally drawn by Hugh McNeill and later by Antonio Lupatelli.

The stories of Jack and Jill were related in rhyming couplets, as were a number of other early stories, although by the end of the 1970s the stories were written in normal prose form. Others were told in captions below the illustrations or text comics, a style of storytelling common to pre-war nursery comic magazines such as Puck (published 1904–1940) and The Rainbow (published 1914–1956).
BBC Writers Academy
BBC Studios Writers’ Academy is a training scheme for writers of television drama. The course was originally run by the British Broadcasting Corporation from 2005 to 2013. It relaunched under the banner of BBC Studios in 2019.

The Dumping Ground
The Dumping Ground is a British children's television drama series that focuses on the lives and experiences of young people who live in a children's home with their care workers. The show has continuously aired on CBBC since its inception in 2013, being one of the channel's longest-running and most successful shows. The show is a continuation of Tracy Beaker Returns, which aired from 2010 to 2012. It is the third television series in the Tracy Beaker franchise.

The Dumping Ground broadcast its 100th episode on 16 March 2018, which was the tenth episode of series six.

In 2024, the eleventh series of The Dumping Ground marked a complete revamp of the show, including a new house, new title sequence and logo, and the animated sequences are no longer a part of the show, much like My Mum Tracy Beaker and The Beaker Girls.

A fourteenth series began airing on the CBBC Channel on 23 January 2026.
Matrix Chernoff bound
For certain applications in linear algebra, it is useful to know properties of the probability distribution of the largest eigenvalue of a finite sum of random matrices.  Suppose  is a finite sequence of random matrices.  Analogous to the well-known Chernoff bound for sums of scalars, a bound on the following is sought for a given parameter t:

The following theorems answer this general question under various assumptions; these assumptions are named below by analogy to their classical, scalar counterparts.  All of these theorems can be found in (Tropp 2010), as the specific application of a general result which is derived below.  A summary of related works is given.

Rademacher distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the Rademacher distribution (which is named after Hans Rademacher) is a discrete probability distribution where a random variate X  has a 50% chance of being +1 and a 50% chance of being −1.

A series (that is, a sum) of Rademacher distributed variables can be regarded as a simple symmetrical random walk where the step size is 1.