hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Palatinate-Landsberg
Palatinate-Landsberg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire based around Landsberg Castle near Obermoschel, in southwestern Germany.

Palatinate-Landsberg was the intermediate partition of Palatinate-Zweibrücken in 1604 for Frederick Casimir, the youngest son of John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken. Landsberg was invaded and devastated during the Thirty Years' War. In 1645 Frederick Casimir was succeeded by his son Frederick Louis. Frederick Louis inherited the Duchy of Zweibrücken in 1661 with its seat in the Imperial Diet. After dying in 1681 without legitimate descendants, Palatinate-Landsberg passed to the Kings of Sweden.

Obermoschel
Obermoschel (German pronunciation: [oːbɐˈmɔʃl̩] ⓘ, lit. 'Upper Moschel', in contrast to "Lower Moschel") is a town and municipality in the district Donnersbergkreis, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. With around 1,000 residents, it is the smallest town in the Palatinate (Pfalz). It is part of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Nordpfälzer Land, which has its seat of administration in community of Rockenhausen and an administrative office in Alsenz. According to regional planning, Obermoschel is designated as lower-order center (Grundzentrum).
German School London
The German School London (German: Deutsche Schule London; often referred to in both languages by its German abbreviation DSL) is an independent school based in the grounds of Douglas House in Petersham in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. Founded in 1971, today it serves a student body of over 800, from kindergarten to the end of high school.

The German School London is one of approximately 140 schools that the Federal Republic of Germany established internationally to promote the German culture and language in other countries, and is accredited by the German government's Central Agency for German Schools Abroad, as a "Deutsche Auslandsschule" ("German School Abroad").

The German School London offers a bilingual system where, in addition to completing the German Abitur, students can also choose to graduate with an International Baccalaureate Diploma.

Culture of Germany
The culture of Germany has been shaped by its central position in Europe and a history spanning over a millennium. Characterized by significant contributions to art, music, philosophy, religion, science, and technology, German culture is both diverse and influential. Historically, Germany was not a unified nation for long periods, leading to a wide variety of regional customs and traditions. From the medieval Holy Roman Empire to the modern Federal Republic, German culture has absorbed influences from across the continent and beyond. Key aspects include a strong emphasis on education and craftsmanship, a long literary tradition featuring figures like Goethe and Schiller, a musical heritage from Bach to Beethoven, and a philosophical legacy including Kant and Marx. Germany is also known for its numerous festivals, regional cuisines, and a commitment to preserving its historical heritage while embracing contemporary trends in art, architecture, and popular culture.
Jar station
Jar is a station served both by the Oslo Metro and the Oslo Tramway located in Bærum, just west of Lysakerelva which divides Oslo and Bærum. The track is shared, the tram line (Lilleaker Line) joins with the rapid transit line (Kolsås Line) on the Oslo side of the river. The station had a yellow penthouse and contained a newspaper outlet. However, after the reconstruction, the penthouse was reinstated but has a different colour.

Formerly, the entire line to Kolsås was part of the tram network. Jar was originally a terminus for the defunct line 10, and had a balloon loop. However, this has been removed and since the 2nd of December 2007, tram operations (line 13) have returned on this line from Jar to Bekkestua.

As of December 2016, the Tram line 13 is running trams (every 20 minutes, 15 at  weekends.) to Bekkestua. The Oslo Metro line 3 also runs with an interval of every 15 minutes.

Bærum
Bærum (Norwegian: [ˈbæ̂ːrʉm] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Greater Oslo Region in Akershus County, Norway. It forms an affluent suburb of Oslo on the west coast of the city. Bærum is Norway's fifth largest municipality with a population of 128,760 (2021). The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Sandvika. Bærum was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838.

Bærum has the highest income per capita in Norway and the highest proportion of university-educated individuals. Bærum, particularly its eastern neighbourhoods bordering West End Oslo, is one of Norway's priciest and most fashionable residential areas. The municipality has been voted the best Norwegian place to live in considering governance and public services to citizens.
Pretoria-Pietersburg railway line
The Pretoria-Pietersburg railway line was built between 1897 and 1899 from Pretoria to Pietersburg (now Polokwane) by the Pretoria Pietersburg Railway Company with British capital. Five months after the railway was completed, the Second Anglo-Boer War broke out and the ZAR government took control of the railway.

After the war, it came under the control of the Central South African Railways.

Polokwane
Polokwane (UK: /ˌpɒləˈkwɑːni/, meaning "Sanctuary" in Northern Sotho), formerly named Pietersburg, is the capital city of the Limpopo Province in South Africa. It is the country's largest urban centre north of Gauteng. It was one of the nine host cities of the 2010 FIFA World Cup.
Ch'illiwani
Ch'illiwani (Aymara ch'illiwa a species of grass (Festuca dolichophylla), -ni a suffix, "the one with the ch'illiwa grass", also spelled Chillihuani) is a mountain in the Bolivian Andes which reaches a height of approximately 3,960 m (12,990 ft). It is located in the Cochabamba Department, Ayopaya Province, Ayopaya Municipality. Ch'illiwani lies southwest of Kuntur Chukuña.

Cochabamba Department
Cochabamba (Aymara: Quchapampa Jach'a Suyu, Spanish: Departamento de Cochabamba pronounced [kotʃaˈβamba] ⓘ, Quechua: Quchapampa Suyu), from Quechua qucha or qhucha, meaning "lake", pampa meaning "plain", is one of the nine departments of Bolivia. It is known to be the breadbasket of the country because of its variety of agricultural products from its geographical position. It has an area of 55,631 km2. Its population in the 2024 census was 2,005,373. Its capital is the city of Cochabamba, known as the "City of Eternal Spring" and "The Garden City" because of its spring-like temperatures all year.
Hong Kong Amateur Radio Transmitting Society
The Hong Kong Amateur Radio Transmitting Society (HARTS, Chinese: 香港業餘電台聯會) is an organization representing a majority of the amateur radio operators in Hong Kong. HARTS is a charitable institution recognized by the Inland Revenue Department since early 2008. HARTS was established in October 1929, when Hong Kong was a dependent territory of the United Kingdom. HARTS is the member society representing Hong Kong in the International Amateur Radio Union.

The organization's primary mission is to popularize and promote amateur radio in Hong Kong. HARTS operates and maintains beacons and repeaters at Tai Mo Shan, Tate's Cairn, Victoria Peak, and Tin Shui Wai. The organization has provided communications support for charitable groups and events, and has formed a support network for amateur radio emergency communications. One membership benefit of the organization is a QSL bureau for members who regularly make communications with amateur radio operators in other countries.

Tai Mo Shan
Tai Mo Shan (大帽山) is the highest peak in Hong Kong, with an elevation of 957 metres (3,140 ft) above the Hong Kong Principal Datum, or around 956 metres (3,136 ft) above mean sea level. It is located at approximately the geographical centre of the New Territories.

The Tai Mo Shan Country Park covers an area of 14.40 square kilometres (5.56 sq mi) around Tai Mo Shan. It is located to the north of Tai Lam Country Park. The 35-metre-high (115 ft) Long Falls at Ng Tung Chai is the highest waterfall in Hong Kong.
Vladimír Hagara
Vladimír Hagara (7 November 1943 – 24 May 2015) was a former Slovak football player. He played for Czechoslovakia national team in 25 matches and scored four goals.

He was a participant at the 1970 FIFA World Cup, where he played in two matches.

Hagara played mostly for Spartak Trnava. At the end of his career played for ZTS Martin.

On 24 May 2015, Hagara was reported dead at the age of 71.

Czechoslovakia national football team
The Czechoslovakia national football team (Czech: Československá fotbalová reprezentace, Slovak: Česko-slovenské národné futbalové mužstvo) represented Czechoslovakia in men's international football from 1919 to 1993. The team was controlled by the Czechoslovak Football Association, and the team qualified for eight World Cups and three European Championships. It had two runner-up finishes in World Cups, in 1934 and 1962, and won the European Championship in the 1976 tournament.

At the time of the dissolution of Czechoslovakia at the end of 1992, the team was participating in UEFA qualifying Group 4 for the 1994 World Cup; it completed the remainder of this campaign under the name Representation of Czechs and Slovaks (RČS, Czech: Reprezentace Čechů a Slováků, Slovak: Reprezentácia Čechov a Slovákov) before it was disbanded in November 1993. Both the Czech and Slovak national teams are considered to be the joint successors of the Czechoslovak record.
Ceremony: Remixes & Rarities
Ceremony: Remixes and Rarities is a 2003 compilation by Santana and was the third album released under the Arista label. It was released on December 16, 2003, with a limited edition of 100,000 copies and featured five previously unreleased brand new songs, newly recorded versions or remixes of five songs that came from the first two albums (Supernatural 1999 and Shaman 2002), and one key album track. The album cover is by Sal Garcia, a prominent member of California's Chicano art movement, former curator at Galeria de la Raza and known to many as "the Mayor of 24th Street".

Galería de la Raza
Galería de la Raza (GDLR) is a non-profit art gallery and artist collective founded in 1970, that serves the largely Chicano and Latino population of San Francisco's Mission District. GDLR mounts exhibitions, hosts poetry readings, workshops, and celebrations, sells works of art, and sponsors youth and artist-in-residence programs. Exhibitions at the Galería tend to feature the work of minority and developing country artists and concern issues of ethnic history, identity, and social justice.
Gargoyle Club
The Gargoyle Club was a private club on the upper floors of 69 Dean Street, Soho, London, at the corner with Meard Street. It was founded on 16 January 1925 by the aristocratic socialite David Tennant, son of the First Baron Glenconner. David was the brother of Stephen Tennant who was a prominent member of the social set called "Bright Young People" and of Edward Tennant, the poet who was killed in action in World War I.

Bright young things
The Bright Young Things, or Bright Young People, was a group of Bohemian young aristocrats and socialites in London during the 1920s. The name was given to them by the tabloid press. They threw flamboyant fancy dress parties, went on elaborate treasure hunts through nighttime London, and some drank heavily or used illicit drugs — all of which was enthusiastically covered by journalists such as Charles Graves and Tom Driberg.

They inspired a number of writers, including Nancy Mitford (Highland Fling), Anthony Powell (A Dance to the Music of Time), Henry Green (Party Going), Dorothy L. Sayers (Murder Must Advertise), and the poet John Betjeman. Evelyn Waugh's 1930 novel Vile Bodies, adapted as the 2003 film Bright Young Things, is a satirical look at this scene. Cecil Beaton began his career in photography by documenting this set, of which he was a member.

Prominent members of the group included:
Emil Uzelac
Milan Emil Uzelac (26 August 1867 – 7 January 1954) was an Austro-Hungarian military commander who was a leading figure in the air forces of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the Independent State of Croatia.

Petrinja
Petrinja (pronounced [pětriːɲa]) is a town in central Croatia near Sisak in the historic region of Banovina. It is administratively located in Sisak-Moslavina County.

On December 29, 2020, the town was hit by a strong earthquake with a magnitude of 6.4 Mw, causing significant damage to the town.
Pueblo IV period
The Pueblo IV period (1350–1600) was the fourth period of the Ancestral Puebloans in Oasisamerica.  At the end of prior Pueblo III period, ancestral Puebloans living in the Colorado and Utah regions abandoned their settlements and migrated south to the Pecos River and Rio Grande valleys.  As a result, pueblos in those areas saw a significant increase in total population.

The Pueblo IV period (Pecos Classification) is similar to the "Regressive Pueblo period" or, referring to the Ancestral Puebloans of Colorado and Utah, the "post-Pueblo period." It is preceded by Pueblo III and is followed by the present Pueblo V period.

Taos Pueblo
Taos Pueblo (or Pueblo de Taos) is an ancient pueblo belonging to a Taos-speaking (Tiwa) Native American tribe of Puebloan people. It lies about 1 mile (1.6 km) north of the modern city of Taos, New Mexico. Taos Pueblo has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Taos Pueblo is one of several settlements established in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. It is a member of the Eight Northern Pueblos. A tribal land of 95,000 acres (38,000 ha) is attached to the pueblo; as of 2012, about 4,500 people live in this area.
University of Queensland Gatton Campus
University of Queensland Gatton Campus is a heritage-listed university campus of the University of Queensland at Warrego Highway, Lawes (east of Gatton), Lockyer Valley Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1897 to 1960s. It is also known as the Queensland Agricultural College, the Foundation Precinct Gatton College and Lawes Campus. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 6 January 2004.

Campus
A campus traditionally refers to the land and buildings of a college or university. This will often include libraries, lecture halls, student centers and, for residential universities, residence halls and dining halls.

By extension, a corporate campus is a collection of buildings and grounds that belong to a company, particularly in the technology sector. Examples include Bell Labs, the Googleplex and Apple Park.
College Students for Bernie
College Students for Bernie (CSFB) was a grassroots organization dedicated to increase young voter participation, enhance progressive politics, and support Bernie Sanders' 2016 presidential bid. At the organization's peak during the 2016 United States presidential election, there were over 200 chapters (with the exact numbers being around 260) in universities across the United States.

The group was founded in April 2015 and did most of their organizing online through social media. The executive board and their founders consisted of students from various universities across the country (see Founding section).

In the aftermath of the 2016 election, the organization split into two different organizations, the existing group Young Democratic Socialists of America, and a new organization founded by College Students for Bernie members, Young Progressives Demanding Action, a subgroup of Progressive Democrats of America.

Progressive Democrats of America
Progressive Democrats of America is an American political action committee that was founded in the summer of 2004 by Kevin Spidel, the National Field Director for the Kucinich for President campaign and Tim Carpenter, the Deputy Campaign Manager for Kucinich and activists from the Howard Dean and Dennis Kucinich campaigns with the goal to make the Democratic Party more progressive.
2010 in Malaysia
This article lists important figures and events in Malaysian public affairs during the year 2010, together with the deaths of notable Malaysians. Malaysia Day, 16 September was celebrated as a national holiday for the first time.

Shah Alam
Shah Alam (/ʃɑː ˈɑːləm/, Malaysian: [ʃah ˈalam], from Persian, meaning "king of the world") is a city and the state capital of Selangor, Malaysia which is situated within the Petaling District and a small portion of the neighbouring Klang District. Shah Alam replaced Kuala Lumpur as the capital city of the state of Selangor in 1978 due to Kuala Lumpur's incorporation into a Federal Territory in 1974. Shah Alam was the first planned city in Malaysia after independence from Britain in 1957.
Craig Branch
Craig Branch (born 11 February 1977) is an Australian alpine skier.  He competed for Australia at the 2002 Olympics, 2006 Olympics and the 2010 Olympics.  His best result was 27th place in the super-G at the 2002 Olympics.

Alpine skiing at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiing at the 2002 Winter Olympics consisted of ten events held 10–23 February in the United States near Salt Lake City, Utah. The downhill, super-G, and combined events were held at Snowbasin, the giant slaloms at Park City, and the slaloms at adjacent Deer Valley.
Hordatine A
Hordatine A is a phenolic secondary metabolite and an adrenergic antagonist that is found in barley. This natural product is a member of the class benzofurans, and can also be found in barley malt and beer, as it withstands moderate processing. Hordatine A is a hydroxycinnamic acid amide derivative (HCAA) as well as a dimer of coumaroyl agmatine, and is plentiful during the development of barley seedlings, specifically in the shoots. Hordatines and their hydroxycinnamoyl agmatine precursors are of interest because of their antifungal activity against plant pathogens, such as inhibiting spore germination of many fungi species. Hordatine A is thought to be a phytoanticipin, because it is observed in significant amounts in young seedlings and at early growth stages. It, along with its cis-isomer aperidine, has been found to activate the muscarinic M3 receptor; this mechanism is thought to contribute to the increase in GI motility caused by beer consumption.

Germination
Germination is the process by which an organism grows from a seed or spore. The term is applied to the sprouting of a seedling from a seed of an angiosperm or gymnosperm, the growth of a sporeling from a spore, such as the spores of fungi, ferns, bacteria, and the growth of the pollen tube from the pollen grain of a seed plant.
Otto Stoll
Otto Stoll (29 December 1849 in Frauenfeld – 18 August 1922 in Zürich) was a Swiss linguist and ethnologist.

Otto Stoll was a professor of ethnology and geography at the University of Zurich who specialized in research of Mayan languages. From 1878 to 1883 he conducted scientific studies in Guatemala. He was the author of several treatises on Guatemala, including important works in the fields on ethnography and ethno-linguistics. Stoll also published on neotropical Acari with a major work being the volume in the Biologia Centrali-Americana between Dec. 1886 and Jan. 1893.

Ethnolinguistics
Ethnolinguistics (sometimes called cultural linguistics) is an area of anthropological linguistics that studies the relationship between a language or group of languages and the cultural practices of the people who speak those languages.

It examines how different cultures conceptualize and categorize their experiences, such as spatial orientation and environmental phenomena. Ethnolinguistics incorporates methods like ethnosemantics, which analyzes how people classify and label their world, and componential analysis, which dissects semantic features of terms to understand cultural meanings. The field intersects with cultural linguistics to investigate how language encodes cultural schemas and metaphors, influencing areas such as intercultural communication and language learning.
Doctrine of equivalents
The doctrine of equivalents is a legal rule in many (but not all) of the world's patent systems that allows a court to hold a party liable for patent infringement if the infringing device or process does not fall within the literal scope of a patent claim but is nevertheless equivalent to the claimed invention. In the United States, Judge Learned Hand has described its purpose as being "to temper unsparing logic and prevent an infringer from stealing the benefit of the invention."

Court
A court is an institution, often a government entity, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties  and administer justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law.

Courts generally consist of judges or other judicial officers, and are usually established and dissolved through legislation enacted by a legislature. Courts may also be established by constitution or an equivalent constituting instrument.

The practical authority given to the court is known as its jurisdiction, which describes the court's power to decide certain kinds of questions, or petitions put to it. There are various kinds of courts, including trial courts, appellate courts, administrative courts, international courts, and tribunals.
BlackBerry Unified Endpoint Manager
BlackBerry Unified Endpoint Manager (UEM), formerly BlackBerry Enterprise Server (BES), designates the middleware software package that is part of the BlackBerry wireless platform supplied by BlackBerry Limited.  The software plus service connects to messaging and collaboration software (MDaemon Messaging Server, Microsoft Exchange, Lotus Domino, Novell GroupWise) on enterprise networks to redirect emails and synchronize contacts and calendaring information between servers, desktop workstations, as well as mobile devices. Some third-party connectors exist, including Scalix, Zarafa, Zimbra, and the Google Apps BES Connector, although these are not supported by BlackBerry Limited.

Scalix
Scalix is an e-mail and groupware server that runs on Linux, licensed under the Scalix Public License (SPL).

The software provides e-mail, group calendaring and other collaborative software, which are standard in groupware. It can also be accessed from many different clients, most notably Microsoft Outlook, Novell and Evolution (formerly Ximian). It also has an AJAX-based web email and calendaring client named Scalix Web Access.
Newington West
Newington West was a parliamentary constituency in  the Newington area of South London.  It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post system.

Newington, London
Newington is a district of Central London, just south of the River Thames, and part of the London Borough of Southwark. It was an ancient parish and the site of the early administration of the county of Surrey. It was the location of the County of London Sessions House from 1917, in a building now occupied by the Inner London Crown Court.
Ross Hardison
Ross C. Hardison (born March 29, 1951) is an American biochemist and molecular biologist, currently the T. Ming Chu Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the Eberly College of Science, of the Pennsylvania State University.

Eberly College of Science
The Eberly College of Science is the science college of Pennsylvania State University in University Park, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1859 by Jacob S. Whitman, professor of natural science. The College offers baccalaureate, master's, and doctoral degree programs in the basic sciences. It was named after Robert E. Eberly.