hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Schröder's equation
Schröder's equation, named after Ernst Schröder, is a functional equation with one independent variable:  given the function h, find the function Ψ such that

Schröder's equation is an eigenvalue equation for the composition operator Ch that sends a function f to f(h(.)).

If a is a fixed point of h, meaning h(a) = a, then either Ψ(a) = 0 (or ∞) or s = 1. Application of the chain rule shows that the eigenvalue s is given by s = h′(a), provided that Ψ(a) is finite and Ψ′(a) does not vanish or diverge.

Dependent and independent variables
A variable is considered dependent if it depends on (or is hypothesized to depend on) an independent variable. Dependent variables are the outcome of the  test they depend, by some law or rule (e.g., by a mathematical function), on. Independent variables, on the other hand, are not seen as depending on any other variable in the scope of the experiment in question. Rather, they are controlled by the experimenter.
Rob Markey
Rob Markey (born 1964) is an American author, speaker, and business strategist. Often referred to as the Vince Lombardi of Customer Loyalty, he is perhaps best known for his research and writing on customer experience and loyalty marketing. Markey is also the co-creator of the Net Promoter System of management (NPS), along with fellow Bain & Company consultant Fred Reichheld.

Strategist
A strategist is a person with responsibility for the formulation
and implementation of a strategy.
Strategy generally involves setting goals, determining actions to achieve the goals,
and mobilizing resources to execute the actions. A strategy describes how the ends (goals) will be achieved using the means (resources). Organizations generally task senior leaders with determining strategy.  Strategy can be intended or can emerge as a pattern of activity as the organization adapts to its environment or competes. It involves activities such as strategic planning and strategic thinking.
Robert H. Burns
Robert H. Burns (born August 14, 1870, in Richland County, Wisconsin) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1939 to 1942. Previously, he was Superintendent of Schools of Richland County from 1899 to 1907 and of Rusk County, Wisconsin from 1919 to 1923. He was a Republican.

Rusk County, Wisconsin
Rusk County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,188. Its county seat is Ladysmith. The Chippewa and Flambeau rivers and their tributaries flow through the county. The land ranges from corn/soybean farms and dairy farms to lakes rimmed with vacation homes to hiking trails through the Blue Hills.
Peter Shalulile
Peter Shalulile (born 23 October 1993) is a Namibian professional footballer who plays as a striker for South African Premiership club Mamelodi Sundowns and captains the Namibia national team. He is regarded as one of the best strikers to play in the South Africa top flight division.

Namibia national football team
The Namibia national football team represents Namibia in men's international football and is controlled by the Namibia Football Association. They have never qualified for the FIFA World Cup but have made four appearances in the Africa Cup of Nations. The team represents both FIFA and Confederation of African Football (CAF).
WISEPA J171104.60+350036.8
WISE J1711+3500 (also known as WISEPA J171104.60+350036.8) is a binary consisting of a brown dwarf and a planetary-mass object or brown dwarf. Both objects are late T dwarfs.

WISE J1711+3500 was discovered in 2011 with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and with a spectrum from NASA IRTF as a T8 dwarf. In 2012 it was discovered that this object is a binary from imaging with the Keck telescope. The individual spectral types were estimated to be T8 for the primary and T9.5 for the secondary. The pair is separated by 15 ± 2 astronomical units (AU). For an age of 1 billion years the masses are around 19–23 MJ for the primary and around 8.1–10.7 MJ for the secondary. For an age of 5 billion years the masses are around 44–48 MJ for the primary and 20–26 MJ for the secondary. The orbital period was poorly constrained, but is larger than 200 years.

W. M. Keck Observatory
The W. M. Keck Observatory is an astronomical observatory with two telescopes at an elevation of 4,145 meters (13,600 ft) near the summit of Mauna Kea in the U.S. state of Hawaii. Both telescopes have 10 m (33 ft) aperture primary mirrors, and, when completed in 1993 (Keck I) and 1996 (Keck II), they were the largest optical reflecting telescopes in the world. They have been the third and fourth largest since 2006.
Al-Jalaa
Al-Jalaa (Arabic: ٱلْجَلَاء, romanized: al-Jalāʾ) is a small city in eastern Syria, administratively part of the Deir ez-Zor Governorate, located along the Euphrates River, south of Deir ez-Zor. Nearby localities include al-Abbas to the west, al-Ramadi and Abu Kamal to the south and Kharayij and Hajin to the north. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, al-Jalaa had a population of 9,171 in the 2004 census. It is the administrative center of a nahiyah ("subdistrict") of the Abu Kamal District. The al-Jalaa subdistrict consists of six towns which had a collective population of 29,255 in 2004.

In the Syrian Civil War the city was occupied by ISIL until the Syrian army captured it on 5 December 2017.

Al-Ramadi, Deir ez-Zor Governorate
Al-Ramadi (Arabic: الرمادى) is a Syrian town located in Abu Kamal District, Deir ez-Zor.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Al-Ramadi had a population of 3,593 in the 2004 census.
Cardew, Cumbria
Cardew is a hamlet in Cumbria, England. It is located southwest of Dalston, south of Cardewlees and east of Thursby.

Cardew House, a 16th-century farmhouse built for the Denton family, is a country house of note and Cardew Lodge, a hunting lodge built for Major General William Henry Lowther, is a country house built in the style of an Indian bungalow.

Dalston
Dalston (/ˈdɔːlstən/) is an area of East London, in the London Borough of Hackney. It is four miles (six kilometres) northeast of Charing Cross. Dalston began as a hamlet on either side of Dalston Lane, and as the area urbanised the term also came to apply to surrounding areas including Kingsland and Shacklewell, all three of which being part of the Ancient Parish of Hackney.

The area has experienced a high degree of gentrification in recent years, a process accelerated by the East London line extension, now part of London Overground, and the reopening of Dalston Junction railway station, part of London's successful bid to host the 2012 Olympics.
Breaka Burleigh Pro
The Breaka Burleigh Pro is a surfing competition which has been held annually since 2010 in February at Burleigh Heads, Queensland, Australia. It is sponsored by Breaka Flavoured Milk. It features an Association of Surfing Professionals 6-Star rated Women's event and a 4-Star Men's event.

In the 2010 Men's event, Taj Burrow took the championship, and he won again in 2011. Julian Wilson won in 2012. Owen Wright won it in 2013

In the 2013 Women's event, the first year an event was offered for women, the winner was 22-year-old Sally Fitzgibbons.

Sally Fitzgibbons
Sally Fitzgibbons (born 19 December 1990) is an Australian professional surfer on the Association of Surfing Professionals World Tour (2009–2013). In June 2019, she was ranked No. 1 in the world for women's surfing after winning the Rio Pro.
Minovici
Minovici is a Romanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Mina Minovici (1857–1933), Romanian forensic scientist

Nicolae Minovici (1868–1941), Romanian criminologist and forensic scientist

Ștefan Minovici (1867–1935), Romanian chemist

Nicolae Minovici
Nicolae S. Minovici (23 October 1868 – 26 June 1941) was a Romanian forensic scientist and criminologist who served as head of his country's anthropometric service. He is known for his studies investigating connections between tattooing and criminal behaviour, as well as his research on hanging and its physiological effects on the human body.

He was the founder of the Legal Medicine Association of Romania and the publisher of the Romanian journal of Legal Medicine. He also served as mayor of Băneasa.
Ulster Lake
Ulster Lake (French: lac Ulster) is a lake in the municipality of Sioux Narrows-Nestor Falls, Rainy River District in northwestern Ontario, Canada. It is part of the Hudson Bay drainage basin.

The primary inflow is the Black River at the east. The primary outflow is also the Black River which flows from the southern tip of the lake via the Lake of the Woods, the Winnipeg River and the Nelson River to Hudson Bay.

Rainy River District
Rainy River District is a district and census division in Northwestern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It was created in 1885. It is the only division in Ontario that lies completely in the Central Time Zone, except for the township of Atikokan (including Sapawe and Kawene to the east) observing Eastern Standard Time for part of the year. Its seat is Fort Frances. It is known for its fishing and its location on the US border opposite International Falls, Minnesota, and Baudette, Minnesota.
Huiyang railway station
Huiyang railway station (Chinese: 惠阳站; pinyin: Huìyáng zhàn) is a railway station located in Huiyang District, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China, on the Xiamen-Shenzhen Railway operated by the China Railway Guangzhou Group, China Railway Corporation.

Xiamen–Shenzhen railway
The Xiamen–Shenzhen railway, also known as the Xiashen railway, (Chinese: 厦深铁路) is a dual-track, electrified, high-speed rail line connecting the major coastal cities of Xiamen in Fujian and Shenzhen in Guangdong. The line has a total length of 502.4 km (312.2 mi) and forms part of China's Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen passenger-dedicated railway. Construction of the Xiashen line began on November 23, 2007, and the line entered into operation on December 28, 2013.

The line is designed for trains running at top speeds of 250 kilometres per hour (155 mph), and reduced travel time between Xiamen and Shenzhen from 11 hours to 3 hours and 40 minutes upon its commencement of operations. The speed of the line was increased, starting on April 10, 2021, resulting in a further reduction in travel time to 2 hours and 30 minutes Currently, CR Guangzhou offers C-train services from Shenzhen North to Shenzhen Pingshan, Huizhou South and Shanwei.
George Lynas
George Goulton Lynas (7 September 1832 – 8 December 1896) was an English first-class cricketer, who played in both Roses Matches for Yorkshire County Cricket Club in 1867. Yorkshire won the first, at Old Trafford by 165 runs and the second, at Swatter's Carr, Linthorpe Road East Ground in Middlesbrough by an innings.

Born in Coatham, Redcar, Yorkshire, England, Lynas was a right-handed tail ender, who scored four runs in his three innings, averaging 2.00.  His right arm round arm fast bowling was not called upon, but he was also an occasional wicket-keeper.  He also took two catches in his games.

Lynas died in December 1896 in Skelton-in-Cleveland, Yorkshire.

Roses Match
The Roses Match refers to any game of cricket played between Yorkshire County Cricket Club and Lancashire County Cricket Club. Yorkshire's emblem is the white rose, while Lancashire's is the red rose. The associations go back to the Wars of the Roses in the 15th century. These matches have a long and proud history and are traditionally the hardest fought matches in the English first class game, with many dour draws recorded as both teams battled to avoid the ignominy of defeat.

The term is occasionally used in connection with other sports where Lancashire play Yorkshire, such as rugby union and rugby league (War of the Roses).
Beware of the Car
Beware of the Car (Russian: Береги́сь автомоби́ля, translit. Beregis Avtomobilya, English titles Uncommon Thief, or Watch out for the Automobile) is a 1966 Soviet crime comedy drama film directed by Eldar Ryazanov, based on a screenplay by Emil Braginsky and produced by Mosfilm. It stars Innokenty Smoktunovsky, Oleg Yefremov, Andrei Mironov and Anatoli Papanov, among others. Beware of the Car is recognized as a satire of the film noir genre, highly unusual in Brezhnev-era society. It is credited for launching Soviet political satire as a film genre, typified by Ryazanov's work.

Era of Stagnation
The "Era of Stagnation" (Russian: Пери́од засто́я, romanized: Períod zastóya, or Эпо́ха засто́я Epókha zastóya) is a term coined by Mikhail Gorbachev in order to describe the negative way in which he viewed the economic, political, and social policies of the Soviet Union that began during the rule of Leonid Brezhnev (1964–1982) and continued under Yuri Andropov (1982–1984) and Konstantin Chernenko (1984–1985). It is sometimes called the "Brezhnevian Stagnation" in English.
Colin Graham (English cricketer)
Colin Charles Graham (born 5 August 1957) is a former English cricketer.  Graham was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast.  He was born in Wendover, Buckinghamshire.

Graham made his debut for Suffolk in the 1980 Minor Counties Championship against Buckinghamshire.  Graham played Minor counties cricket infrequently for Suffolk from 1980 to 1991, which included 19 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. He made his List A debut against Derbyshire in the 1983 NatWest Trophy.  He made 2 further List A appearances, against Worcestershire in the 1984 NatWest Trophy and Lancashire in the 1985 NatWest Trophy. In his 3 List A matches, he took 3 wickets at an average of 42.00 with best figures of 2/36.

His brother, Ian, also played List A and Minor counties cricket for Suffolk.

Wendover
Wendover is a town and civil parish at the foot of the Chiltern Hills in Buckinghamshire, England. It is situated at the point where the main road across the Chilterns between London and Aylesbury intersects with the once important road along the foot of the Chilterns. The town is 35 miles (56 km) north west of London and 5 miles (8 km) south east of Aylesbury.

The parish has an area of 5,832 acres (2,360 ha) and had, at the time of the 2011 census, a population of 7,399. Outside Wendover, the parish is mainly arable and also contains several hamlets in the surrounding hills. Wendover has a weekly market, and has had a market charter since 1464.
Higashi-Fukuyama Station
Higashi-Fukuyama Station (東福山駅, Higashi-Fukuyama-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Fukuyama, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West). It is also the location of a freight depot operated by the Japan Freight Railway Company {JR Freight).

Japan Freight Railway Company
Japan Freight Railway Company (日本貨物鉄道株式会社, Nippon Kamotsu Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha), or JR Freight (JR貨物, Jeiāru Kamotsu), is one of the seven constituent companies of Japan Railways Group (JR Group). It provides transportation of cargo nationwide throughout Japan. Its headquarters are in Shibuya, Tokyo near Shinjuku Station.

The Japan Railways Group was founded on 1 April 1987, when Japanese National Railways (JNR) was privatized. Japanese National Railways was divided into six regional passenger rail companies and a single freight railway company, Japan Freight Railway Company.

The company has only about 50 kilometers (31 mi) of track of its own, and therefore operates on track owned by the six JR passenger railways as well as other companies which provide rail transport in Japan.
Mailfence
Mailfence is a Belgian encrypted email service with a focus on security and privacy that offers OpenPGP based end-to-end encryption and digital signatures for usage in emails. It was launched in November 2013 by ContactOffice Group, which has been operating an online collaboration suite since 1999.

Online office suite
An online office suite, online productivity suite or cloud office suite is an office suite offered in the form of a web application, accessed online using a web browser. This allows people to work together worldwide and at any time, thereby leading to web-based collaboration and virtual teamwork. Some online office suites can be installed either on-premise or online and some are offered only as online as a software as a service. Some versions can be free of charge, some have a subscription fee. Some online office suites can run as progressive web applications which no longer require an online connection to function. Online office suites exist as both open-source and proprietary software.
1992 French Open – Men's singles
Defending champion Jim Courier defeated Petr Korda in the final, 7–5, 6–2, 6–1 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1992 French Open. It was his second French Open title and third major title overall.

Stefan Edberg was attempting to complete the career Grand Slam, but lost to Andrei Cherkasov in the third round.

Stefan Edberg
Stefan Edberg (Swedish: [ˈstěːfan ˈêːdbærj]; born 19 January 1966) is a Swedish former professional tennis player. He was ranked as the world No. 1 in both men's singles and men's doubles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP), one of two players in the Open Era to hold both positions (alongside John McEnroe). Edberg won 41 career singles titles and 18 doubles titles, including nine majors: six in singles and three in men's doubles. A major practitioner of the serve-and-volley style of tennis, Edberg also won the 1989 year-end championships, led Sweden to four Davis Cup titles, and won four Masters Series titles and four Championship Series titles. After retirement, Edberg coached Roger Federer from January 2014 to December 2015.
1841 Belgian general election
Partial legislative elections were held in Belgium on Tuesday 8 June 1841 in which 48 of the 95 seats in the Chamber of Representatives were elected. Voter turnout was 77.0%, although only 24,887 people were eligible to vote. Under the alternating system, elections were only held in five out of the nine provinces: Antwerp, Brabant, Luxembourg, Namur and West Flanders.

The number of seats in the Chamber decreased from 98 to 95 following the 1839 independence of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; its three districts (Luxembourg, Grevenmacher and Diekirch) had one representative each.

The Lebeau Government, the first homogeneously Liberal government, resigned shortly before the elections. The unionist Nothomb Government took over on 13 April 1841.

Antwerp Province
The Antwerp Province (/ˈæntwɜːrp/; Dutch: Provincie Antwerpen [proːˈvɪnsi ˈɑntʋɛrpə(n)]; French: Province d'Anvers; German: Provinz Antwerpen), between 1815 and 1830 known as Central Brabant (Dutch: Midden-Brabant [ˌmɪdə(m)ˈbraːbɑnt], French: Brabant-Central, German: Mittel-Brabant), is the northernmost province both of the Flemish Region, also called Flanders, and of Belgium. It borders on the North Brabant province of the Netherlands to the north and the Belgian provinces of Limburg, Flemish Brabant and East Flanders. Its capital is Antwerp, which includes the Port of Antwerp, the second-largest seaport in Europe. It has an area of 2,876 km2 (1,110 sq mi), and with over 1.92 million inhabitants as of January 2024, is the country's most populous province. The province consists of three arrondissements: Antwerp, Mechelen and Turnhout. The eastern part of the province comprises the main part of the Campine region.
Vibration theory of olfaction
The vibration theory of smell proposes that a molecule's smell character is due to its vibrational frequency in the infrared range. This controversial theory is an alternative to the more widely accepted docking theory of olfaction (formerly termed the shape theory of olfaction), which proposes that a molecule's smell character is due to a range of weak non-covalent interactions between its protein odorant receptor (found in the nasal epithelium), such as electrostatic and Van der Waals interactions as well as H-bonding, dipole attraction, pi-stacking, metal ion, Cation–pi interaction, and hydrophobic effects, in addition to the molecule's conformation.

Cation–π interaction
Cation–π interaction is a noncovalent molecular interaction between the face of an electron-rich π system (e.g. benzene, ethylene, acetylene) and an adjacent cation (e.g. Li+, Na+). This interaction is an example of noncovalent bonding between a monopole (cation) and a quadrupole (π system).  Bonding energies are significant, with solution-phase values falling within the same order of magnitude as hydrogen bonds and salt bridges. Similar to these other non-covalent bonds, cation–π interactions play an important role in nature, particularly in protein structure,  molecular recognition and enzyme catalysis. The effect has also been observed and put to use in synthetic systems.
Gimme Gimme Good Lovin'
"Gimme Gimme Good Lovin'" is a song written by Joey Levine and Ritchie Cordell and performed by Crazy Elephant. It reached No. 12 on both the Billboard Hot 100 and the UK Singles Chart in 1969, and was featured on their 1969 album, Crazy Elephant.

The single was first released in January 1969, with "Hips and Lips" as the B-side, but it did not become a hit until re-released in February 1969.

It was produced by Joey Levine and Artie Resnick and arranged by Levine.

The single ranked No. 89 on the Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1969.

Artie Resnick
Arthur Resnick (born 1937) is an American songwriter, record producer and musician.  His most successful songs as a writer include "Under the Boardwalk" (co-written with Kenny Young), "Good Lovin'" (co-written with Rudy Clark), and "Yummy Yummy Yummy" (co-written with Joey Levine).
International Transtar
The International TranStar (originally the International 8000 Series) is a range of Class 8 trucks produced by Navistar International for North America.  Produced nearly exclusively as a semitractor, the product range is focused towards local delivery and regional shipping.

Introduced in 2002, the 8000 Series replaced a product line of the same name derived from the long-running International Harvester S-Series. In 2007, Navistar rebranded the 8000 Series as the International TranStar. The name is derived from International Harvester Transtar, used for various Class 8 conventional and cabover highway tractors from the 1960s to the 1980s.

Tractor unit
A tractor unit, also known as a truck unit, lorry unit, power unit, prime mover, ten-wheeler, semi-tractor, semi-truck, semi-lorry, big rig tractor, big rig truck or big rig lorry or simply a tractor, truck, lorry, semi, big rig or rig, is a characteristically heavy-duty towing engine that provides motive power for hauling a towed or trailered load. The largest such vehicles are similar to locomotives. These fall into two categories: heavy- and medium-duty military and commercial rear-wheel-drive semi-tractors used for hauling semi-trailers, and very heavy-duty typically off-road-capable, often 6×6, military and commercial tractor units, including ballast tractors.

It should not be confused with a tractor-trailer which is a combination of a tractor unit and semi-trailer, whereas a tractor unit describes only the tractor portion.