hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ferenc Merkli
Ferenc Merkli (born November 29, 1974) is a Hungarian Slovene Catholic priest, writer, and translator.

He was born in Szentgotthárd to Ferenc and Irén Merkli, and grew up in Szakonyfalu. He attended the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome. After his ordination, he served the Deanery of Szentgotthárd in the parish of Felsőszölnök and Apátistvánfalva, and was known for celebrating bilingual masses in Hungarian and Prekmurje Slovene.

In 2011, Merkli translated the work of Lojzer Kozar into Hungarian, and compiled a hymnal with content in the Prekmurje dialect and standard Slovene for the Hungarian Slovenes with Lojzer Kozar Jr. (Cirill Kozar).

Merkli lives in Vasszécseny.

Pontifical Gregorian University
Pontifical Gregorian University (Italian: Pontificia Università Gregoriana; also known as the Gregorian or Gregoriana), is a private pontifical university in Rome, Italy.

The Gregorian originated as a part of the Roman College, founded in 1551 by Ignatius of Loyola, and included all grades of schooling. Its chairs of philosophy and theology received Papal approval in 1556, making it the first institution founded by the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). In 1584, the Roman College was given a new home by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom it was renamed the Gregorian University. It had distinguished scholars in ecclesiastical fields as well as in natural science and mathematics. Only the theology and philosophy departments of the Gregorian survived the political turmoil in Italy after 1870.

Today the Gregorian has an international faculty and around 2750 students from over 150 countries.
Ray Chen (engineer)
Ray Chen is an American engineer, who is currently the Keys and Joan Curry/Cullen Trust Endowed Chair in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin. He is a fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, The Optical Society and SPIE.

SPIE
SPIE (formerly the Society of Photographic Instrumentation Engineers, later the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers) is an international not-for-profit professional society for optics and photonics technology, founded in 1955. It organizes technical conferences, trade exhibitions, and continuing education programs for researchers and developers in the light-based fields of physics, including: optics, photonics, and imaging engineering.  The society publishes peer-reviewed scientific journals, conference proceedings, monographs, tutorial texts, field guides, and reference volumes in print and online. SPIE is especially well-known for Photonics West, one of the laser and photonics industry's largest combined conferences and tradeshows which is held annually in San Francisco.  SPIE also participates as partners in leading educational initiatives, and in 2020, for example, provided more than $5.8 million in support of optics education and outreach programs around the world.
Alice Kusi
Alice Kusi (born 12 January 1995) is a Ghanaian footballer who plays as a midfielder for the Ghana national team. She competed for Ghana at the 2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations, playing in three matches.

WAFF Women's Clubs Championship
The WAFF Women's Clubs Championship (Arabic: بطولة غرب آسيا لأندية السيدات) is an international women's association football competition. It involves club teams from countries affiliated with the West Asian governing body WAFF. The competition was first played in 2019, with five teams participating at the time. Safa are the current champions, having won the 2022 edition.
Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 1967
Germany was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1967 with the song "Anouschka", written by Hans Blum, and performed by Inge Brück. The German participating broadcaster on behalf of ARD, Hessischer Rundfunk (HR), internally selected its entry for the contest.

Hessischer Rundfunk
Hessischer Rundfunk (pronounced [ˈhɛsɪʃɐ ˈʁʊntfʊŋk]; "Hesse Broadcasting"), shortened to HR (pronounced [haːˈʔɛʁ]; stylized as hr),  is the German state of Hesse's public broadcasting corporation. Headquartered in Frankfurt, it is a member of the national consortium of German public broadcasting corporations, ARD.
Castilian Civil War of 1437–1445
The Castilian Civil War of 1437–1445 was a civil war in which two noble factions fought for power in the Crown of Castile. On one side was Constable Álvaro de Luna, King John II of Castile, and Henry Prince of Asturias. On the other side was the noble League led by Infantes of Aragon John and Henry, sons of Ferdinand of Antequera, who was the regent of Castile during the minority of John II. Although the Infantes of Aragon faction won in 1441, imposing their conditions in the Medina del Campo ruling, the final victory went to the royalist faction and the Constable, who won the decisive battle of Olmedo. According to historian Carme Batlle, Álvaro de Luna is primarily responsible for the war. Following his victory over the Infantes of Aragon during the truces of Majano, Luna's "authoritarian excesses" escalated and led to a civil war. Although Batlle places the war's start in 1439.

Ferdinand I of Aragon
Ferdinand I (Spanish: Fernando I; 27 November 1380 – 2 April 1416 in Igualada, Òdena) named Ferdinand of Antequera and also the Just (or the Honest) was king of Aragon, Valencia, Majorca, Sardinia and (nominally) Corsica and king of Sicily, duke (nominal) of Athens and Neopatria, and count of Barcelona, Roussillon and Cerdanya (1412–1416). He was also regent of Castile (1406–1416). He was the first Castillian ruler of the Crown of Aragon.
Sentence boundary disambiguation
Sentence boundary disambiguation (SBD), also known as sentence breaking, sentence boundary detection, and sentence segmentation, is the problem in natural language processing of deciding where sentences begin and end. Natural language processing tools often require their input to be divided into sentences; however, sentence boundary identification can be challenging due to the potential ambiguity of punctuation marks. In written English, a period may indicate the end of a sentence, or may denote an abbreviation, a decimal point, an ellipsis, or an email address, among other possibilities. About 47% of the periods in The Wall Street Journal corpus denote abbreviations. Question marks and exclamation marks can be similarly ambiguous due to use in emoticons, source code, and slang.

Some languages including Japanese and Chinese have unambiguous sentence-ending markers.

Slang
Slang is a vocabulary (words, phrases, and linguistic usages) of an informal register, common in everyday conversation but avoided in formal writing and speech. It also often refers to the language exclusively used by the members of particular in-groups in order to establish group identity, exclude outsiders, or both. The word itself came about in the 18th century and has been defined in multiple ways since its conception, with no single technical usage in linguistics.
Jani Juntunen
Jani Juntunen is a Finnish Radio host. He is known for his radio broadcasts on Radiomafia and Radio Rock. He hosted the Yle TV1 programme NOW and the list and was the Finnish commentator at the Eurovision Song Contest between 1999 and 2001.

Radiomafia
Radiomafia was a Finnish radio station owned by Yle and mainly directed to teenagers and young adults. It was established on 1 June 1990 and decommissioned on 12 January 2003. It was followed by YleX, with some of the programmes moved to other channels, such as YleQ, Yle Radio Suomi and Yle Radio 1.

One of the programmes aired on Radiomafia in the 1990s was a drum and bass music programme hosted by Dizzy, the alias of Juha Ponteva.
Sogge Bridge
The Sogge Bridge (Norwegian: Sogge bru) is a truss bridge crossing the river Rauma in Rauma Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The bridge carries County Road 63. The intersection between E136 and County Road 63 is located on the north side of the bridge. The first bridge was built in 1877, but was washed away in 1895 or 1896. A new, wooden bridge was then built in 1903 or 1904. The current bridge was built between 1934 and 1937.

European route E136
European route E136 is a European highway located entirely in Møre og Romsdal and Innlandet counties in Norway. The highway begins in the town of Ålesund in Møre og Romsdal county on the west coast of Norway, and it goes east up through the Romsdalen valley, crossing into the upper Gudbrandsdalen Valley to end at the village of Dombås in Dovre Municipality in Innlandet county.
Monstera gambensis
Monstera gambensis is a species of plant in the family Araceae. It is endemic to the tropical forest of La Gamba, Golfito, Costa Rica, at 100 m (330 ft) elevation. They can be found on the floor of humid forests with their stems climbing up trees and aerial roots visible above the soil. Sometimes the entire plant can be found solely on trees. M. gambensis is typically not fenestrated until the adult stage, but can have two perforations on their blade.

Tropical forest
Tropical forests are forested ecoregions with tropical climates – that is, land areas approximately bounded by the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, but possibly affected by other factors such as prevailing winds.

Some tropical forest types are difficult to categorize. While forests in temperate areas are readily categorized on the basis of tree canopy density, such schemes do not work well in tropical forests. There is no single scheme that defines what a forest is, in tropical regions or elsewhere. Because of these difficulties, information on the extent of tropical forests varies between sources. However, tropical forests are extensive, making up just under half the world's forests. The tropical domain has the largest proportion of the world's forests (45 percent), followed by the boreal, temperate and subtropical domains.

More than 3.6 million hectares of virgin tropical forest was lost in 2018.
Elkridge Farm
Elkridge Farm, is a historic slave plantation located in Ellicott City in Howard County, Maryland, United States.

In 1913, James Booker Clark built a mansion resembling the White House to house seven children. James Booker was the son of James Clark, Jr., a Confederate soldier who went into the livestock and banking trade after the war. Senator James A. Clark, Jr. was a nephew who traveled to the property regularly from Keewaydin Farm, down the unimproved Montgomery Road. The plantation house was destroyed by fire on 2 July 1920, with a cracked water reservoir, at a time when James Booker Clark was facing litigation against his family, Garnett Y Clark, for a failed coal mine project. A Target store in Long Gate shopping center now occupies the site.

Ellicott City, Maryland
Ellicott City (/ˈɛlɪkət/ EL-ih-kət) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in, and the county seat of, Howard County, Maryland, United States. Part of the Baltimore metropolitan area, its population was 75,947 at the 2020 census, making it the most populous unincorporated county seat in the United States.

Ellicott City's historic downtown – the Ellicott City Historic District – lies in the valleys of the Tiber and Patapsco rivers. The historic district includes the Ellicott City Station; it is the oldest surviving train station in the United States, having been built in 1830 as the first terminus of the original B&O Railroad line. The historic district of the town is often called "Historic Ellicott City" or "Old Ellicott City" to distinguish it from the surrounding suburbs that extend south to Columbia and west to West Friendship.
Baltic (steamship)
Several steamships have been named Baltic:

SS Baltic (1850) — a wooden-hulled sidewheel steamer with the American Collins Line, which held the Blue Riband from 1851 to 1857

SS Baltic (1871) — a passenger ship of the White Star Line which held the eastbound transatlantic record from 1873 to 1875

RMS Baltic (1903) — a White Star ocean liner which was the world's largest passenger ship in 1905

SS Baltic (1906) — a Danish cargo ship sunk in a collision in 1924

Collins Line
The Collins Line, formally the New York and Liverpool United States Mail Steamship Company, was an American maritime transport company started by Israel Collins and then built up by his son Edward Knight Collins. Under Edward Collins' guidance, the company grew to be a serious competitor to the British Cunard Line.
2011 Open d'Orléans
The 2011 Open d'Orléans was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the seventh edition of the tournament which was part of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Orléans, France between 17 and 23 October 2011.

Michaël Llodra
Michaël Llodra (French pronunciation: [mikaɛl jɔdʁa]; born 18 May 1980) is a French former professional tennis player. He was ranked as the world No. 3 in men's doubles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP), winning 26 career doubles titles, including three majors and an Olympic silver medal. Llodra also had success in singles, winning five career titles and with victories over Novak Djokovic, Juan Martín del Potro, Tomáš Berdych, Robin Söderling, Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, Nikolay Davydenko, Janko Tipsarević and John Isner. Llodra has been called "the best volleyer on tour."
Bellecôte
The Bellecôte is a mountain in the Vanoise Massif in the Graian Alps, lying in the northern part of the Vanoise National Park and dominating the Peisey-Nancroix valley in Savoie. The north face is immense and austere, whereas the south face is more accessible.

The resort of La Plagne lies on one side of the Bellecôte.

Graian Alps
The Graian Alps (Latin:: Alpes Graiæ  ; French: Alpes grées [alp ɡʁe]; Italian: Alpi Graie [ˈalpi ˈɡraːje]) are a mountain range in the western part of the Alps, and the name of an Ancient Roman province.
Yuliya Zhivitsa
Yuliya Zhivitsa (Kazakh: Юлия Живица; born May 14, 1990, in Alma-Ata) is a Kazakhstani sabre fencer, team bronze medallist at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China and at the 2014 Asian Games in Incheon.

Zhivitsa represented Kazakhstan at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, where she competed in the women's individual sabre event. She lost the first preliminary round match to Russia's Yuliya Gavrilova, with a final score of 7–15.

Fencing at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's sabre
The women's individual sabre competition in fencing at the 2012 Olympic Games in London was held on 1 August at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre.

South Korea's Kim Ji-yeon won the gold medal. Thirty-two fencers from 24 countries competed.
Bradley McCuaig
Bradley "Brad" McCuaig (born 12 December 1970) is a Canadian retired sprinter who specialized in the 100 metres.

Representing the Alabama Crimson Tide track and field team, McCuaig won the 1990 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships in the 4 × 100 m relay.

In the 4 × 100 metres relay event he finished fourth at the 1998 IAAF World Cup and won a silver medal at the 1999 Pan American Games.

His personal best time is 10.10 seconds, achieved in July 1998 in Flagstaff.

McCuaig competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in the men's 4 × 100 m relay.

1990 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 1990 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships were contested May 30 − June 2 at Wallace Wade Stadium at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina in order to determine the individual and team national champions of men's and women's collegiate Division I outdoor track and field events in the United States.

These were the 68th annual men's championships and the ninth annual women's championships. This was the Blue Devils' first time hosting the event.

For the second consecutive year, LSU topped both the men's and women's standings; it was the LSU men's team's third team title and the fourth consecutive, as well as fourth overall, for the Lady Tigers. This would go on to be the fourth of LSU's eleven consecutive women's national championships in track and field between 1987 and 1997.
Ruperto Herrera Tabio
Ruperto Nicolás Herrera Tabio (born December 6, 1949, in Havana) is a former basketball player from Cuba. At a height of 2.00 m (6'6 3⁄4") tall, and a weight of 95 kg (210 lbs.), he played at the shooting guard and small forward positions. He received the FIBA Order of Merit in 1999, and he became a FIBA Hall of Fame player, in 2015. He was awarded with the Olympic Order, in 2019.

FIBA Order of Merit
FIBA Order of Merit is an international basketball award that is awarded by FIBA, the international basketball federation. The award is given to individuals that have made very significant individual contributions to furthering the sport of basketball. The award was first established in July 1994.
Kamilukh
Kamilukh (Russian: Камилух; Avar: Къамилухъ) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Kamilukhsky Selsoviet, Tlyaratinsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population:  903 (2010 Census); 867 (2002 Census); 775 (1989 Soviet census). There are 2 streets.

Avar language
Avar (авар мацӏ, avar maⱬ [ʔaˈwar mat͡sʼː] or магӏарул мацӏ, maⱨarul maⱬ [maʕarul mat͡sʼː], 'language of the mountains'), also known as Avaric, is a Northeast Caucasian language of the Avar–Andic subgroup that is spoken by Avars, primarily in Dagestan. In 2010, there were approximately one million speakers in Dagestan and elsewhere in Russia.
Max Tishler
Max Tishler (October 30, 1906 – March 18, 1989) was president of Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories where he led the research teams that synthesized ascorbic acid, riboflavin, cortisone, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, nicotinamide, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan. He also developed the fermentation processes for actinomycin, vitamin B12, streptomycin, and penicillin. Tishler invented sulfaquinoxaline for the treatment for coccidiosis.

Chemistry of ascorbic acid
Ascorbic acid is an organic compound with formula C6H8O6, originally called hexuronic acid. It is a white solid, but impure samples can appear yellowish.  It dissolves freely in water to give mildly acidic solutions.  It is a mild reducing agent.

Ascorbic acid exists as two enantiomers (mirror-image isomers), commonly denoted "l" (for "levo") and "d" (for "dextro"). The l isomer is the one most often encountered: it occurs naturally in many foods, and is one form ("vitamer") of vitamin C, an essential nutrient for humans and many animals. Deficiency of vitamin C causes scurvy, formerly a major disease of sailors in long sea voyages. It is used as a food additive and a dietary supplement for its antioxidant properties. The "d" form (erythorbic acid) can be made by chemical synthesis, but has no significant biological role.
Nikolayevka, Ivanovsky District, Amur Oblast
Nikolayevka (Russian: Николаевка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Nikolayevsky Selsoviet of Ivanovsky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 287 as of 2018. There are five streets.

Amur Oblast
Amur Oblast (/əˈmʊər ˈɒblæst/) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located on the banks of the Amur and Zeya rivers in the Russian Far East. The oblast borders Heilongjiang province of the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the south.

The administrative center of the oblast, the city of Blagoveshchensk, is one of the oldest settlements in the far east of the country, founded in 1856. It is a traditional center of trade and gold mining. The territory is accessed by two railways: the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal–Amur Mainline. As of the 2021 Census, the oblast's population was 766,912.
Mughal invasions of Konkan (1684)
Mughal invasion of Konkan (1684) was a part of the Deccan wars. It was a military campaign launched by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb to capture the Konkan region from the Maratha emperor Sambhaji. Auranzeb's main plan is to convert whole india to islam but the Maratha empire under Shivaji and later Sambhaji stood as a shield to Sanatan Dharma and soul of Bharat.The Mughal forces were led by Shah Alam I (Muazzam) and Shahbuddin Khan. The harsh climate and Maratha guerrilla tactics caused the numerically stronger Mughal troops to go into a slow retreat. The Maratha army suffered small losses in this unsuccessful campaign of the Mughal Empire.

Most of the troops died due to famine, drought, food poisoning, and a general lack of food. Nearly one third of the total troops were killed by Marathas under Sambhaji at the narrow passage of Ramghat. The remaining few thousand troops including Shah Alam were rescued by the Siddis and Ruhulla Khan and then joined Aurangzeb's camp.

Famine
A famine is a widespread scarcity of food caused by several possible factors, including, but not limited to: war, natural disasters, crop failure, widespread poverty, an economic catastrophe or government policies. This phenomenon is usually accompanied or followed by regional malnutrition, starvation, epidemic, and increased mortality. Every inhabited continent in the world has experienced a period of famine throughout history. During the 19th and 20th centuries, Southeast and South Asia, as well as Eastern and Central Europe, suffered the greatest number of fatalities due to famine. Deaths caused by famine declined sharply beginning in the 1970s, with numbers falling further since 2000. Since 2010, Africa has been the most affected continent in the world by famine. As of 2025,  Haiti and Afghanistan are the two countries with the most catastrophic and widespread states of famine, followed by Sudan.
1952 West Essex CC Race
The 1st West Essec CC Formula 2 Race was a non-championship Formula Two motor race held at Boreham Circuit on 21 June 1952. The race was won by Reg Parnell in a Cooper T20-Bristol, who also set fastest lap. Kenneth McAlpine was second in a Connaught Type A-Lea Francis and Bill Dobson was third in a Ferrari 125. Ken Downing in another Connaught Type A started from pole position and finished fourth.

Ferrari 125 F1
The 125 F1 is Ferrari's first Formula One car. It shared its name with the 125 S sports racer which preceded it by a year, but was developed at the same time by Enzo Ferrari, Valerio Colotti and designer, Gioacchino Colombo. Initially the racer was called 125 GPC for Gran Premio Città or Grand Prix Compressore before the Formula One era.
Synodontis polystigma
Synodontis polystigma is a species of upside-down catfish that is native to the upper Congo Basin of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia.  It was first described by  George Albert Boulenger in 1915.  The original specimens were obtained at Lukonzolwa, in Lake Mweru, in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo.  The species name polystigma is derived from poly, meaning "many" and stigma, meaning "mark or spot", referring to the numerous black spots on the body and fins of the species.

Lake Mweru
Lake Mweru (also spelled Mwelu, Mwero)  (French: Lac Moero, Swahili: Ziwa Mweru) is a freshwater lake on the longest arm of Africa's second-longest river, the Congo. Located on the border between Zambia and Democratic Republic of the Congo, it makes up 110 kilometres (68 mi) of the total length of the Congo, lying between its Luapula River (upstream) and Luvua River (downstream) segments.

Mweru means 'lake' in a number of Bantu languages, so it is often referred to as just 'Mweru'.