hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Marj Rahit (634)
The Battle of Marj Rahit (Arabic: معركة مرج راهط) was a minor conflict fought between the Ghassanid Arab allies of Byzantine Empire and the Rashidun army under the command of Khalid bin Walid in April 634. The morning after the Battle of Huwwarin, Khalid moved his army of 9000 towards Damascus.

Approximately 20 miles from Damascus there lies a pass with an elevation of 2000 feet above the surrounding countryside. The associated ridge is part of the range known as Jabal-ush-Sharq, which is an offshoot of the Anti-Lebanon Mountains and runs in a north-easterly direction to Tadmur. The pass itself, although not formidable, is quite long. Khalid stopped at the peak and planted his standard. As a result of this action, the pass became known as Saniyyat-ul-Uqab (ثنية العقاب), i.e. the Pass of the Eagle, after the name of Khalid's standard.

From that place, Khalid moved his army to Marj Rahit, a large meadow near the current city of Adra, northwest of Damascus.

Palmyra (modern)
Palmyra (/ˌpɑːl-maɪrə/; Arabic: تَدْمُر, romanized: Tadmur; Palmyrene: 𐡶𐡣𐡬𐡥𐡴 Tadmor) is a city in central Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate. It is located in an oasis in the middle of the Syrian Desert 215 kilometres (134 mi) northeast of Damascus and 180 kilometres (110 miles) southwest of the Euphrates River. The ruins of ancient Palmyra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, are situated about 500 metres (1⁄3 mile) southwest of the modern city centre. Relatively isolated, the nearest localities include Arak to the east, Al-Sukhnah further to the northeast, Tiyas to the west and al-Qaryatayn to the southwest.
Grantchester Woodland Railway
The Grantchester Woodland Railway is a 7+1⁄4 in (184 mm), 5 in (127 mm) and 3+1⁄2 in (89 mm) ridable miniature railway, in the Newnham area of Cambridge, close to Grantchester. It is owned and operated by the Cambridge Model Engineering Society (CMES) and is affiliated to the Narrow Gauge Railway Society.

Indicators of the significance of the railway include a Trainline URL giving details of how to get there using national rail services. It has been the subject of several dedicated publications, including three in 'The Model Engineer' magazine. An article published in 1955 gave details of the early history of the club, including information about the range of locomotives and carriages available.  A few years later, an issue covered the subsequent creation of the public track and included photos of it being opened by Sir Vivian Fuchs. Finally, the main article in a recent issue of the magazine was dedicated to the railway.

Ridable miniature railway
A ridable miniature railway (US: riding railroad or grand scale railroad) is a large scale, usually ground-level railway that hauls passengers using locomotives that are often models of full-sized railway locomotives (powered by diesel or petrol engines, live steam or electric motors).
Gabriela Stoeva
Gabriela Stoeva (Bulgarian: Габриела Стоева; born 15 July 1994) is a Bulgarian badminton player specializing in doubles. Her current partner is her younger sister, Stefani Stoeva. The pair is the four-time European Champion and two-time European Games gold medalist as well. They competed at the 2016, 2020 and the 2024 Summer Olympics.

Badminton at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's doubles
The badminton women's doubles tournament at the 2016 Summer Olympics took place from 11 to 17 August at Riocentro - Pavilion 4. The seeding was decided on 21 July 2016.

Japan's Misaki Matsutomo and Ayaka Takahashi defeated Denmark's Christinna Pedersen and Kamilla Rytter Juhl 18–21, 21–9, 21–19, to win the gold medal in women's doubles badminton at the 2016 Summer Olympics. It was Japan's first gold medal in Olympics badminton, and their win marked the first time since the debut of badminton as an Olympic sport in 1992 that a non-Chinese women's doubles team won the event. In the bronze-medal match, South Korea's Jung Kyung-eun and Shin Seung-chan defeated China's Tang Yuanting and Yu Yang 21–8, 21–17, marking the first time in Olympic badminton history that a Chinese team failed to podium in the women's doubles event.
Component-based software engineering
Component-based software engineering (CBSE), also called component-based development (CBD), is a style of software engineering that aims to construct a software system from components that are loosely coupled and reusable. This emphasizes the separation of concerns among components.

To find the right level of component granularity, software architects have to continuously iterate their component designs with developers. Architects need to take into account user requirements, responsibilities, and architectural characteristics.

Non-functional requirement
In systems engineering and requirements engineering, a non-functional requirement (NFR) is a requirement that specifies criteria that can be used to judge the operation of a system, rather than specific behaviours. They are contrasted with functional requirements that define specific behavior or functions. The plan for implementing functional requirements is detailed in the system design. The plan for implementing non-functional requirements is detailed in the system architecture, because they are usually architecturally significant requirements. Non-functional requirements are also known as cross-functional requirements by some.

In software architecture, non-functional requirements are known as "architectural characteristics". Note that synchronous communication between software architectural components entangles them, and they must share the same architectural characteristics.
Badreh-ye Semi Yagardava
Badreh-ye Semi Yagardava (Persian: بادره سمي ياگردوا, also Romanized as Bādreh-ye Semī Yāgardavā) is a village in Dinaran Rural District, in the Central District of Ardal County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 66, in 12 families. The village is populated by Lurs.

Lurs
The Lurs, Lors or Luris (Persian: لر) are an Iranian people living in western and southern Iran. The four Luri branches are the Bakhtiari, Mamasani, Kohgiluyeh and Lur proper, who are principally linked by the Luri language.

Lorestan province is named after the Lurs, but not all Lurs live in Lorestan, nor are all the inhabitants of Lorestan ethnic Lurs. Many Lurs live in other provinces of Iran including Fars, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Khuzestan, Hamadan, Isfahan, Tehran southern Ilam province, and Genaveh county in Bushehr province.
Buru white-eye
The Buru white-eye (Zosterops buruensis) is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is endemic to Indonesian islands, including the island of Buru which gives its name. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. The species occupy an area of larger than 20,000 km2 and is thought to have a stable population of above 10,000, and thus are not considered as threatened.

White-eye
The white-eyes are a family, Zosteropidae, of small passerine birds native to tropical, subtropical and temperate Sub-Saharan Africa, southern and eastern Asia, and Australasia. White-eyes inhabit most tropical islands in the Indian Ocean, the western Pacific Ocean, and the Gulf of Guinea. Discounting some widespread members of the genus Zosterops, most species are endemic to single islands or archipelagos. The silvereye, Zosterops lateralis, naturally colonised New Zealand, where it is known as the "wax-eye" or tauhou ("stranger"), from 1855. The silvereye has also been introduced to the Society Islands in French Polynesia, while the Japanese white-eye has been introduced to Hawaii.
Nélson Oliveira
Nélson Miguel Castro Oliveira CvIH (European Portuguese: [ˈnɛlsõ ɔliˈvɐjɾɐ]; born 8 August 1991) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Primeira Liga club Vitória de Guimarães.

He began his career at S.L. Benfica, making 24 appearances and scored three goals for the club, while spending most of his time out on loan. He represented four clubs in English football, and also played in France, Spain and Greece.

Oliveira earned 70 caps for Portugal across all youth levels. He made his debut for the senior team in 2012, and later that year was part of the Portugal squad that reached the semi-finals of UEFA Euro 2012.

Asteras Tripolis F.C.
Asteras Tripolis Football Club (Greek: ΠΑΕ Αστέρας Τρίπολης), currently known as Asteras AKTOR for sponsorship reasons, commonly referred to as Asteras, is a Greek professional football club based in the city of Tripoli in Arcadia, Peloponnese, Greece.

Asteras Tripolis has been competing in Super League Greece, the Greek top professional league, since the 2007–08 season. They were runners-up of the Greek Football Cup in 2013 and have reached the semi-finals of the competition overall four times.

Asteras Tripolis has competed in the UEFA Europa League group stage for two seasons and has a total of five seasons in the competition. The  club ranks 10th among the 20 Greek clubs with contribution of points for the UEFA country ranking.
Athens, Pennsylvania
Athens is a borough in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania and is located 2 miles (3 km) south of the New York state line on the Susquehanna and Chemung rivers. The population was 3,265 at the 2020 census. Athens is in a small area locally known as "The Valley", a group of four contiguous communities in Pennsylvania and New York: Waverly, New York; South Waverly, Pennsylvania; Sayre, Pennsylvania; and Athens. The Valley has a population near 30,000.

Northeastern Pennsylvania
Northeastern Pennsylvania (NEPA or Nepa; sometimes pronounced /ˈniːpɑː/ NEE-pah) is a region of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania that includes the Pocono Mountains, and the industrial cities of Scranton (the area's largest city), Wilkes-Barre, Pittston, Hazleton, Nanticoke, and Carbondale. A portion of this region is located in the New York City metropolitan area. Recently, Pennsylvania tourism boards have described Northeastern Pennsylvania as Upstate Pennsylvania.

Unlike most other parts of the Rust Belt, some of the communities are experiencing a modest population increase, and others, including Monroe and Pike counties, rank among the state's fastest growing counties.

Northeastern Pennsylvania borders the Pennsylvania Wilds to the west, the New York State Southern Tier and Hudson Valley regions to the north and northeast, Sussex and Warren counties in New Jersey to the east, and the Lehigh Valley to the south.
Blackbrook Group
The Blackbrook Group is a geologic group in Leicestershire, and is the oldest group of the Charnian Supergroup. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ediacaran period. It mainly contains pelite, tuff and greywacke.

Pelite
A pelite (from Ancient Greek  πηλός (pēlós) 'clay, earth') or metapelite is a metamorphosed fine-grained sedimentary rock, i.e. mudstone or siltstone. The term was earlier used by geologists to describe a clay-rich, fine-grained clastic sediment or sedimentary rock, i.e. mud or a mudstone, the metamorphosed version of which would technically have been a metapelite. It was equivalent to the now little-used Latin-derived term lutite. A semipelite is defined in part as having similar chemical composition but being of a crystalloblastic nature.

Pettijohn (1975) gives the following descriptive terms based on grain size, avoiding the use of terms such as clay or argillaceous which carry an implication of chemical composition. The Ancient Greek terms are more commonly used for metamorphosed rocks, and the Latin for unmetamorphosed:
1999 Direct Line International Championships – Singles
The 1999 Direct Line International Championships singles was the singles event of the twenty-fifth edition of the Eastbourne International, a WTA Tier II tournament held in Eastbourne, England, United Kingdom and part of the European grass court season. Jana Novotná was the reigning champion but did not participate this year, which was her final year on tour before retiring in the fall.

Natasha Zvereva won in the final 0–6, 7–5, 6–3 against Nathalie Tauziat.

Nathalie Tauziat
Nathalie Tauziat (born 17 October 1967) is a French former professional tennis player and coach. She was the runner-up in women's singles at the 1998 Wimbledon Championships and runner-up in the women's doubles at the 2001 US Open partnering  Kimberly Po-Messerli. She reached a career-high ranking of world No. 3 in both singles and doubles.

She previously coached Canadian tennis player Bianca Andreescu and compatriot Harmony Tan, and currently coaches Victoria Mboko.
Duchaylard Island
Duchaylard Island is an island 6 km (3 nmi) long at the west side of Grandidier Channel, lying 2 km (1 nmi) southeast of Vieugue Island and 19 km (10 nmi) west of Cape Garcia, off the west coast of Graham Land. It was discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, and named by Jean-Baptiste Charcot for Monsieur du Chaylard, French Minister Plenipotentiary at Montevideo, Uruguay. The recommended spelling follows the form used in Maurice Bongrain's report of 1914 and is now firmly established.

Grandidier Channel
Grandidier Channel (65°35′S 64°45′W﻿ / ﻿65.583°S 64.750°W﻿ / -65.583; -64.750) is a navigable channel between the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica, and the north end of the Biscoe Islands, extending from Penola Strait southwestward to the vicinity of Larrouy Island. It was first charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, and named by Jean-Baptiste Charcot for Alfred Grandidier, President of the Paris Geographical Society. Charcot applied the name to the entire body of water between the mainland and the Biscoe Islands but the name has since been restricted to the navigable portion described.

Cruising Grandidier Channel in January 2014

Iceberg in Grandidier Channel

Grandidier Channel

Nautical chart of Grandidier Channel

Grandidier Channel

Akademik Ioffe cruises Grandidier Channel in January 2014

Grandidier Channel in January 2014

MV Polar Star in Grandidier Channel, 2006
Great Basin
The Great Basin (Spanish: Gran Cuenca) is the largest area of contiguous endorheic watersheds, those with no outlets to the ocean, in North America. It spans nearly all of Nevada, much of Utah, and portions of California, Idaho, Oregon, Wyoming, and Baja California. It is noted for both its arid climate and the basin and range topography that varies from the North American low point at Badwater Basin in Death Valley to the highest point of the contiguous United States, less than 100 miles (160 km) away at the summit of Mount Whitney. The region spans several physiographic divisions, biomes, ecoregions, and deserts.

Armen Takhtajan
Armen Leonovich Takhtajan or Takhtajian (Armenian: Արմեն Լևոնի Թախտաջյան; Russian: Армен Леонович Тахтаджян; pronounced takh-tuh-JAHN; 10 June 1910 – 13 November 2009), was a Soviet-Armenian botanist, one of the most important figures in 20th century plant evolution and systematics and biogeography. His other interests included morphology of flowering plants, paleobotany, and the flora of the Caucasus. He was one of the most influential taxonomists of the latter twentieth century.
Abby Portner
Abigail Portner is an American visual artist, designer, music video director and musician in the bands Rings and Hex Message, and solo under the name Drawlings. She currently lives and works out of Savannah, Georgia.

Designer
A designer is a person who plans the form or structure of something before it is made, by preparing drawings or plans. In practice, anyone who creates tangible or intangible objects, products, processes, laws, games, graphics, services, or experiences can be called a designer.
Woodside, Nova Scotia
Woodside is an unincorporated middle income urban locality of Dartmouth, within the Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia. The community is divided into North Woodside and South Woodside. Woodside is home to two hospitals: the Dartmouth General Hospital and the Nova Scotia Hospital.

Nova Scotia Hospital
The Nova Scotia Hospital, known locally as The NS or Mount Hope, is a psychiatric hospital in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. Operated by the Nova Scotia Health Authority, it is the province's largest and oldest mental health facility. Co-founded by the Hon. Hugh Bell and Dorothea Dix, it opened in 1856 as the Mount Hope Asylum for the Insane and today it is a fully accredited teaching facility affiliated with Dalhousie University.

Since its founding in 1852, the Nova Scotia Hospital has a rich and long history. It supported patients during World War I and II, and the Halifax Explosion. It has undergone expansion and constant improvement with the addition of buildings which support adolescent, adult, and geriatric patient care ranging from day programs, outpatient, short-term stay, and long-term stay.

The former Nova Scotia Hospital Foundation is now the Mental Health Foundation of Nova Scotia.
Alexandros Souflas
Alexandros Souflas (born 8 October 1988) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder. Born in Finland, Souflas is of Greek descent. He has spent the majority of his career in Greek leagues, and represented Finland at youth international levels.

In the 2015–16 Gamma Ethniki season, Souflas scored 12 goals for Ethnikos Piraeus, making him the club's best goalscorer of the season.

2015–16 Gamma Ethniki
The 2015–16 Gamma Ethniki was the 33rd season since the official establishment of the third tier of Greek football in 1983.
It started on 27 September 2015 and ended on 8 May 2016.

64 teams were separated into four groups, according to geographical criteria.

Zakynthiakos and Paniliakos withdrew from the league before the group draw.
Pramono Edhie Wibowo
General (Ret.) Pramono Edhie Wibowo (5 May 1955 – 13 June 2020) was an Indonesian military officer who served as the Chief of Staff of the Army from 31 June 2011 until 20 May 2013. He was the brother-in-law of former Indonesian president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Before becoming Indonesian Army Chief of Staff, he was Commander of Army Strategic Command (Kostrad) (Pangkostrad), Commandant General of Kopassus (Danjen Kopassus), Commander of the Military Territory III/Siliwangi, Chief of Staff of the Military Territory IV/Diponegoro, as well as Personal Aide of former Indonesian President, Megawati Sukarnoputri. He died at Cimacan Hospital, Cianjur Regency on 13 June 2020 due to a heart attack.

President of Indonesia
The president of the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Presiden Republik Indonesia) is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Indonesia. The president is the leader of the executive branch of the Indonesian government and the commander-in-chief of the Indonesian National Armed Forces and the Indonesian National Police. Since 2004, the president and vice president have been directly elected to a five-year term, once renewable, allowing for a maximum of ten years in office.

The current president is Prabowo Subianto, who assumed office on 20 October 2024.
Gmina Szczebrzeszyn
Gmina Szczebrzeszyn is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Szczebrzeszyn, which lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) west of Zamość and 69 km (43 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 123.16 square kilometres (47.6 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 12,040 (out of which the population of Szczebrzeszyn amounts to 5,299, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 6,741).

Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship (Polish: województwo lubelskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ luˈbɛlskʲɛ] ⓘ) is a voivodeship (province) of Poland, located in the southeastern part of the country, with its capital being the city of Lublin.

The region is named after its largest city and regional capital, Lublin, and its territory is made of four historical lands: the western and central part of the voivodeship, with Lublin itself, belongs to Lesser Poland, the eastern part of Lublin Area belongs to Cherven Cities/Red Ruthenia, and the northeast belongs to Polesie and Podlasie.
Lublin Voivodeship borders Subcarpathian Voivodeship to the south, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship to the south-west, Masovian Voivodeship to the west and north, Podlaskie Voivodeship along a short boundary to the north, Belarus (Brest Region) and Ukraine (Lviv and Volyn Regions) to the east. The region's population as of 2024 was 1,996,440. It covers an area of 25,155 square kilometres (9,712 sq mi).
Bow Lake (New Hampshire)
Bow Lake is a 1,149-acre (465 ha) water body located in Strafford and Rockingham counties in eastern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Strafford and Northwood. Its outlet is the Isinglass River, flowing east to the Atlantic Ocean via the Cocheco and Piscataqua rivers.

The lake is classified as a cold- and warmwater fishery, with observed species including rainbow trout, brown trout, smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, chain pickerel, horned pout, and white perch.

Every year there are fireworks of Strafford and Northwood over Bow Lake, and it is a popular place to swim, boat and fish for those who live in the towns around it.

Rockingham County, New Hampshire
Rockingham County is the easternmost county in the U.S. state of New Hampshire. As of the 2020 census, the population was 314,176, making it New Hampshire's second-most populous county. The county seat is Brentwood. Rockingham County is part of the Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH Metropolitan Statistical Area and the greater Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT Combined Statistical Area. Per the 2020 census, it was New Hampshire's fastest growing county from 2010 to 2020.

As of 2014–2018 estimates from the American Community Survey, Rockingham County was the fourth- wealthiest county in New England, with a median household income of $90,429.
Hemmesomyces
Hemmesomyces is a fungal genus in the family Corticiaceae. The genus is monotypic, containing the single corticioid fungus species Hemmesomyces puauluensis, found in Hawaii. Hemmesomyces was circumscribed in 2003 by mycologists Robert L. Gilbertson and Karen Nakasone. It is named after Donald E. Hemmes, a biology professor at the University of Hawaii, "in recognition of his contributions to knowledge of Hawaiian fungi".

Corticioid fungi
The corticioid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota typically having effused, smooth basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that are formed on the undersides of dead tree trunks or branches. They are sometimes colloquially called crust fungi or patch fungi. Originally such fungi were referred to the genus Corticium ("corticioid" means Corticium-like) and subsequently to the family Corticiaceae, but it is now known that all corticioid species are not necessarily closely related. The fact that they look similar is an example of convergent evolution. Since they are often studied as a group, it is convenient to retain the informal (non-taxonomic) name of "corticioid fungi" and this term is frequently used in research papers and other texts.