hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alfred Stengel
Professor Alfred Stengel (1868–1939) was an American surgeon, born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. He was president of the American College of Physicians, a clinical professor of medicine at the Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania, and a member of the American Philosophical Society.

Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
Lancaster County (/ˈlæŋkɪstər/), sometimes nicknamed the Garden Spot of America or Pennsylvania Dutch Country, is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States.

As of the 2020 census, the population was 552,984, making it Pennsylvania's sixth-most populous county. Its county seat is also Lancaster. Lancaster County comprises the Lancaster metropolitan statistical area. Lancaster County is a tourist destination with its Amish community being a major attraction. The ancestors of the Amish began to immigrate to colonial Pennsylvania in the early 18th century to take advantage of the religious freedom offered by William Penn, as well as the area's rich soil and mild climate. They were joined by French Huguenots fleeing the religious persecution of Louis XIV. There were also significant numbers of English, Welsh and Ulster Scots (also known as the Scotch-Irish in the colonies). The county is part of the South Central region of the commonwealth.
Mount Norvegia
Mount Norvegia (67°51′S 48°8′E﻿ / ﻿67.850°S 48.133°E﻿ / -67.850; 48.133) is a large ice-covered mountain, 1,340 m, standing 6 nautical miles (11 km) north of Mount Christensen, Enderby Land. It was plotted from air photos taken by ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) aircraft in 1956 and 1957 and was named after the Norwegian exploration ship, Norvegia, which was off Enderby Land in December 1929-January 1930.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Mount Norvegia". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions
The Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE /ænˈɑːri/ ann-AR-ee) is the historical name for the Australian Antarctic Program (AAP) administered for Australia by the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD).
Cognitive vulnerability
A cognitive vulnerability in cognitive psychology is an erroneous belief, cognitive bias, or pattern of thought that predisposes an individual to psychological problems.  The vulnerability exists before the symptoms of a psychological disorder appear. After the individual encounters a stressful experience, the cognitive vulnerability shapes a maladaptive response that increases the likelihood of a psychological disorder.

In psychopathology, there are several perspectives from which the origins of cognitive vulnerabilities can be examined,
It is the path way of including cognitive schema models, hopelessness models, and attachment theory. Attentional bias is one mechanism leading to faulty cognitive bias that leads to cognitive vulnerability.  Allocating a danger level to a threat depends on the urgency or intensity of the threshold.  Anxiety is not associated with selective orientation.

Attentional bias
Attentional bias refers to how a person's perception is affected by selective factors in their attention. Attentional biases may explain an individual's failure to consider alternative possibilities when occupied with an existing train of thought. For example, cigarette smokers have been shown to possess an attentional bias for smoking-related cues around them, due to their brain's altered reward sensitivity. Attentional bias has also been associated with clinically relevant symptoms such as anxiety and depression.
Sanctus (species)
The species name sanctus (Latin for 'sacred') occurs in several binomial names in the taxonomy of life. Examples include:

Confuciusornis sanctus, a prehistoric primitive bird

Rubus ulmifolius subsp. sanctus, or holy bramble

Todiramphus sanctus, the sacred kingfisher

Tarachodes sanctus, a species of praying mantis

Rubus ulmifolius subsp. sanctus
Rubus ulmifolius subsp. sanctus, commonly called holy bramble, is a bramble native to parts of Asia and Europe.

This plant is very long-lived. An instance of it can be found at the Chapel of the Burning Bush on Mount Sinai, where it is revered as the original burning bush of the Bible. This longevity and location lead to its Latin name.
1880 New South Wales colonial election
The 1880 New South Wales colonial election was held between 17 November and 2 December 1880. This election was for all of the 108 seats in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and it was conducted in 43 single-member constituencies, 25 2-member constituencies, one 3-member constituency and three 4-member constituencies, all with a first past the post system. Suffrage was limited to adult white males. The previous parliament of New South Wales was dissolved on 9 November 1880 by the Governor, Lord Augustus Loftus, on the advice of the Premier, Sir Henry Parkes.

There was no recognisable party structure at this election; instead the government was determined by a loose, shifting factional system.

Premier of New South Wales
The premier of New South Wales is the head of government in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The Government of New South Wales follows the Westminster Parliamentary System, with a Parliament of New South Wales acting as the legislature. The premier is appointed by the Governor of New South Wales, and by modern convention holds office by their ability to command the support of a majority of members of the lower house of Parliament, the Legislative Assembly.

Before Federation in 1901, the term "prime minister of New South Wales" was also used. "Premier" has been used more or less exclusively from 1901, to avoid confusion with the federal prime minister of Australia.

The current premier is Chris Minns, the leader of the New South Wales Labor Party, who assumed office on 28 March 2023. Minns defeated Dominic Perrottet at the election held on 25 March 2023, after twelve years of Liberal/National Coalition rule.
2022 Italian Open – Men's doubles
Defending champions Nikola Mektić and Mate Pavić defeated John Isner and Diego Schwartzman in the final, 6–2, 6–7(6–8), [12–10] to win the men's doubles tennis title at the 2022 Italian Open. The pair saved a championship point en route to their tenth career title as a team.

Franko Škugor
Franko Škugor (Croatian pronunciation: [frâŋko ʃkûɡor]; born 20 September 1987) is a Croatian inactive professional tennis player who mainly competes on the ATP Challenger Tour and specialized in doubles. He has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of World No. 17 achieved on 22 April 2019. He is best known for his very powerful serve up to 230 km/h (140 mph) along with very strong groundstrokes. Along with doubles partner and fellow Croatian Nikola Mektić, he reached the doubles semifinals at the 2017 Wimbledon Championships and with Brit Dominic Inglot the semifinals of the 2018 Wimbledon Championships. He also won the 2019 Monte-Carlo Masters with Mektic.

Škugor is a member of HTK Zagreb, his staff is Alan Marić (coach), Jurica Stančić (fitness coach) and Velibor Viboh (physiotherapist).

In November 2019, following the departure of Željko Krajan, Škugor captained the Croatia Davis Cup team at the 2019 Davis Cup.
Pindell
Pindell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Henry M. Pindell (1860–1924), American journalist, businessman, and politician

Howardena Pindell (born 1943), American artist, curator, and educator

Terry Pindell, American travel writer

Terry Pindell
Terry Pindell (born ) is an American travel writer known primarily for three North American 'rail odysseys', through the US, Canada and Mexico, each of which became the subject of a travel book. He has also written a book on migration within the United States. The Toledo Blade said of his first book, Making Tracks: "Not since John Steinbeck's Travels with Charley has anyone put together a better story about America on the road."

A New Hampshire resident, Pindell is a former English teacher and mayoral candidate in Keene, NH. He is the grandson of a railroad engineer.
2025 Hobart International – Singles
McCartney Kessler defeated Elise Mertens in the final, 6–4, 3–6, 6–0 to win the singles tennis title at the 2025 Hobart International. It was her second WTA Tour title.

Emma Navarro was the reigning champion, but chose to compete in Adelaide instead.

Ann Li (tennis)
Ann Li (Chinese: 李吉妮; born June 26, 2000) is an American tennis player. She has a career-high singles WTA singles ranking of world No. 33 and a doubles ranking of No. 149, both achieved on 27 October 2025. Li has won two singles titles on the WTA Tour and three titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.

Li was a finalist at the 2017 Wimbledon girls' singles final.
Ahmad ibn Ali
Ahmad Harb 'Arad (Arabic: أحمد بن علي) (flourished mid-14th century) was the son of Jamal ad-Din I. The Emperor of Ethiopia Newaya Krestos made him Governor of Ifat after his father Ali ibn Sabr ad-Din unsuccessfully revolted against the Emperor and was put into prison.

Ifat (historical region)
Ifat (Harari: ኣው ፋጥ Aw Fāt; Amharic: ይፋት Yifāt; Somali: Awfat) also known as Wafāt or Awfāt (along with its eponymous capital) in Arabic texts, was a historical Muslim region in the Horn of Africa. It was located on the eastern edge of Shewa.
John Nichols (Worcestershire cricketer)
John Ernest Nichols (20 April 1878 – 29 February 1952), sometimes known as Jack Nichols,  was an English professional sportsman who played cricket and association football. As a first-class cricketer he played five matches for Worcestershire County Cricket Club between 1902 and 1904, as well as making one first-class appearance for a Minor Counties representative team in 1912. He also played Minor Counties Championship cricket for Norfolk and Staffordshire County Cricket Clubs and was an influential cricket coach.

As a footballer, Nichols spent time contracted by Bolton Wanderers and Bury and played professionally at Football League Second Division level for Loughborough F.C. He served in the British Army during World War I.

Staffordshire County Cricket Club
Staffordshire County Cricket Club is one of twenty national county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Staffordshire. The team is currently a member of the National Counties Championship Eastern Division and plays in the NCCA Knockout Trophy. Staffordshire played List A matches occasionally from 1971 until 2005 but is not classified as a List A team per se.
Thermal Valley
The Thermal Valley (Chinese: 地獄谷; pinyin: Dìyù Gǔ) is a valley located on the foothill of Yangmingshan National Park in Beitou District, Taipei, Taiwan. This makes Thermal Valley one of the sources of acidic sulfur hot spring in the area. Locals also sometimes refer to it as Hell Valley. The formula of this mineral water contains Plaster, Alunite, Jarosite, Realgar, Sulfur, and Radium. pH value is between 1.4~1.6, the highest temperature could be reached to 90 Celsius.  It was one of the eight attractions and twelve scenic spots in Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period.

Jarosite
Jarosite is a basic hydrous sulfate of potassium and ferric iron (Fe-III) with a chemical formula of KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6. This sulfate mineral is formed in ore deposits by the oxidation of iron sulfides. Jarosite is often produced as a byproduct during the purification and refining of zinc and is also commonly associated with acid mine drainage and acid sulfate soil environments.
Sheldrake Lake (New York)
Sheldrake Lake is a man-made body of water located in the north-eastern section of New Rochelle in Westchester County, New York.  It has a surface area of 25 acres and formerly served as the water supply for neighboring Larchmont village. The lake is the result of Larchmont Water Company Dam #2 on the Sheldrake River. The dam, constructed in 1935, is masonry  with a height of 31 feet (9.4 m) and a length of 1,000 feet (300 m). The dam has a maximum discharge is 987 cubic feet (27.9 m3) per second and drains an area of 2.66 square miles (6.9 km2).

Masonry
Masonry is the craft of building a structure with brick, stone, or similar material, including mortar plastering, which are often laid in, bound, and pasted together by mortar. The term masonry can also refer to the building units (stone, brick, etc.) themselves.

The common materials of masonry construction are bricks and building stone; rocks such as marble, granite, and limestone; cast stone, concrete blocks, glass blocks, and adobe. Masonry is generally a highly durable form of construction. However, the materials used, the quality of the mortar and workmanship, and the pattern in which the units are assembled can substantially affect the durability of the overall masonry construction.

A person who constructs masonry is called a mason or bricklayer, or in some places colloquially a "brickie". These are both classified as construction trades.
Goeppertia gandersii
Goeppertia gandersii (syn. Calathea gandersii) is a species of flowering plant in the Marantaceae family. It is endemic to Napo Province of Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Marantaceae
The Marantaceae are a family, the arrowroot family, or the prayer plant family, of flowering plants consisting of 28 genera and around 530 species, defining it as one of the most species-rich families in its order. Species of this family are found in lowland tropical forests of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. The majority (80%) of the species are found in the American tropics, followed by Asian (11%) and African (9%) tropics. They are commonly called the prayer-plant family and are also known for their unique secondary pollination presentation.
Small nucleolar RNA Z163/Z177 family
In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA Z163 (homologous to snoRNA Z177) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.

snoRNA Z163 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.

Plant snoRNA SNORD54 was identified in a screen of Oryza sativa.

Non-coding RNA
A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. The DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an RNA gene. Abundant and functionally important types of non-coding RNAs include transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), as well as small RNAs such as microRNAs, siRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNAs, snRNAs, exRNAs, scaRNAs and the long ncRNAs such as Xist and HOTAIR.

The number of non-coding RNAs within the human genome is unknown; however, recent transcriptomic and bioinformatic studies suggest that there are thousands of non-coding transcripts. 
Many of the newly identified ncRNAs have unknown functions, if any. 
There is no consensus on how much of non-coding transcription is functional: some believe most ncRNAs to be non-functional "junk RNA", spurious transcriptions, while others expect that many non-coding transcripts have functions to be discovered.
Netscape 7
Netscape 7 is a discontinued Internet suite developed by Netscape Communications Corporation, and was the seventh major release of the Netscape series of browsers. It is the successor of Netscape 6, and was developed in-house by AOL. It was released on August 29, 2002 and is based on Mozilla Application Suite 1.0.

The browser in Netscape 7 was originally superseded by Netscape Browser (version 8) in 2005, which like its name suggests was simply a web browser and not a full Internet suite. Netscape 7's Mail & Newsgroups client was succeeded by Netscape Messenger 9 in 2007.

As of version 7.2, it consisted of the following major components:

a web browser

an e-mail and news client, Netscape Mail & Newsgroups

an address book

a HTML editor, Netscape Composer

an IRC client

an instant messaging client, AOL Instant Messenger

Radio@Netscape

Address book
An address book or a name and address book is a book, or a database used for storing entries, called contacts. Each contact entry usually consists of a few standard fields (for example: first name, last name, company name, address, telephone number, e-mail address, fax number, mobile phone number). Most such systems store the details in alphabetical order of people's names, although in paper-based address books entries can easily end up out of order as the owner inserts details of more individuals or as people move. Many address books use small ring binders that allow adding, removing, and shuffling of pages to make room.
Håja
Håja (Norwegian) or Jievju (Northern Sami) is an unpopulated island in Hammerfest Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. Håja is located in the Sørøysundet strait, between the larger islands of Kvaløya to the east, Seiland to the south, and Sørøya to the northwest. The town of Hammerfest lies about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) to the east of Håja.

On the island, there is a gull colony. Locals use the island for picking seagull eggs and berries, traditional ingredients of North Norwegian cuisine.

Several companies and institutions in Hammerfest have been named after Håja, including a kindergarten.

Finnmark
Finnmark (Norwegian: [ˈfɪ̀nːmɑrk] ⓘ; Northern Sami: Finnmárku [ˈfinːˌmaːrːhkuː]; Kven: Finmarkku; Finnish: Finnmarkin lääni; Russian: Финнмарк) is a county in northern Norway. By land, it borders Troms county to the west, Finland's Lapland region to the south, and Russia's Murmansk Oblast to the east, and by water, the Norwegian Sea (Atlantic Ocean) to the northwest, and the Barents Sea (Arctic Ocean) to the north and northeast.

The county was formerly known as Finmarkens amt or Vardøhus amt. Since 2002, it has had two official names: Finnmark (Norwegian) and Finnmárku (Northern Sami). It is part of the Sápmi region, which spans four countries, as well as the Barents Region, and is Norway's second-largest and least populous county.

In January 2020, Finnmark merged with the neighbouring county of Troms to form Troms og Finnmark county. In January 2024, the counties of Finnmark and Troms were restored after parliament decided in June 2022 to separate them.
Robert Arp
Robert Arp (born March 20, 1970) is an American philosopher known for his work in ethics, modern philosophy, ontology, philosophy of biology, cognitive science, evolutionary psychology, religious studies, and philosophy and popular culture. He currently works as an adjunct professor teaching philosophy courses in the classroom and online at numerous schools in the Kansas City, Missouri area and other areas of the United States.

Steven Mithen
Steven Mithen, FBA, FSA, FSA Scot (born 16 October 1960) is an archaeologist. He is noted for his work on the evolution of language, music and intelligence, prehistoric hunter-gatherers, and the origins of farming. He is professor of early prehistory at the University of Reading.
Bobby Ford (Scottish footballer)
Bobby Ford (born 14 December 1949) is a Scottish footballer, who played for Falkirk, Dundee, Montrose, Raith Rovers, Dunfermline Athletic and Meadowbank Thistle.

In 2024, having played over 250 games and winning the 1973 Scottish League Cup with the club, Ford was inducted in the Dundee F.C. Hall of Fame.

Montrose F.C.
Montrose Football Club is a Scottish semi-professional football team, based in the town of Montrose, Angus. The club was founded in 1879. They are members of the Scottish Professional Football League and currently play in Scottish League One, the third tier of football in Scotland.
Walkaway Lover
"Walkaway Lover" is a song by Australian actress and singer Toni Pearen, released in October 1994 as the third single from her debut album Intimate. It peaked at number 35 in Australia and spent a total of 16 weeks in the top 100. The single was issued to coincide with the release of Intimate. The song is a cover of an album track by British singer Sonia.

Sonia (singer)
Sonia Evans (born 13 February 1971), known mononymously as Sonia, is an English pop singer from Liverpool. She had a 1989 UK number one hit with "You'll Never Stop Me Loving You" and became the first female UK artist to achieve five top 20 hit singles from one album.. She represented the United Kingdom in the 1993 Eurovision Song Contest, where she finished second with the song "Better the Devil You Know".

Between 1989 and 1993, she had 11 UK top 30 hits, including "Listen to Your Heart" (1989), "Counting Every Minute" (1990) and "Only Fools (Never Fall in Love)" (1991). In 1994, she starred as Sandy in a West End revival of the musical Grease, while on television she appeared as Bunty in the 1998 BBC comedy series The Lily Savage Show.
It's Such a Pretty World Today (album)
It's Such a Pretty World Today is a studio album by American country artist Wynn Stewart. It was released in April 1967 via Capitol Records and was produced by Ken Nelson. It was Stewart's second studio release in his recording career and contained 12 tracks. The album's name was derived from its title track, which became a number one hit in 1967. Although not written by Stewart, other songs on the album were self-composed and contained new material that was previously unreleased. The album reached charting positions on the Billboard surveys as well.

Wynn Stewart
Winford Lindsey "Wynn" Stewart (June 7, 1934 – July 17, 1985) was an American country music singer and songwriter. He was one of the progenitors of the Bakersfield sound. Although not a huge chart success, he was an inspiration to such artists as Buck Owens, Merle Haggard and Nick Lowe.
Kashiwa Kinen
The Kashiwa Kinen (かしわ記念; Kashiwa Memorial) is a Japanese thoroughbred horse race run on dirt track for four years old and above. It is run over a distance of 1,600 meters (about 8 furlongs) at Funabashi Racecourse during the period known as Golden Week from the end of April to the beginning of May.

The Funabashi Racecourse is located in Funabashi, Chiba, but the race was named after the Kashiwa Racecourse (柏競馬場), which was located in Toyoshiki, Kashiwa City. The race began as a non-grade race in 1978, when its distance was 1,800 meters. In 1997, it was graded Domestic Grade 3, and in 2002, elevated to Domestic Grade 2. Finally, after three years, it was graded Domestic Grade 1 race. It is considered "the dirt mile championship in spring".

The top two finishers are granted the right to participate in the Teio sho, if they are not coming from Japan Racing Association(JRA).

Japan Racing Association
The Japan Racing Association (Japanese: 日本中央競馬会 Nippon Chūō Keiba Kai, or JRA) is a public company established in Japan under a law to operate Chūō Keiba (中央競馬 Central horse racing) and to manage racecourses, betting facilities, and horse-training facilities in the country.

It was founded in 1954, according to the Horse Racing Law (競馬法 Keiba Hō) and the Japan Racing Association Law (日本中央競馬会法 Nippon Chūō Keiba Kai Hō) and is operated under the strict oversight of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Japan).