hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Norvega Esperantista Ligo
Norvega Esperantista Ligo (Norsk Esperanto-Forbund, Norwegian Esperanto League) was founded in 1911. As the Norwegian arm of the Esperanto movement, its aim is to spread knowledge and use of the international language Esperanto. The league has a modest size of a couple of hundred members, and work done within NEL is mostly voluntary. The youth wing of NEL is Norvega Junularo Esperantista.

Affiliated with the largest international Esperanto organization, the Universala Esperanto-Asocio (UEA), the association has a permanent office in Oslo (also used by the Esperanto club of Oslo) and local subgroups scattered around the country. The Grupo Esperantista de Trondheim (Norwegian: Trondheim Esperantoklubb), for example, celebrated its centennial on June 16, 2007.

Since 1985 the NEL has published a magazine, Norvega Esperantisto (six issues per year).

Universal Esperanto Association
The World Esperanto Association (Esperanto: Universala Esperanto-Asocio, UEA), also known as the Universal Esperanto Association, is the largest international organization of Esperanto speakers, with 5,501 individual members in 121 countries and 9,215 through national associations (in 2015) in 214 countries. In addition to individual members, 70 national Esperanto organizations are affiliated with UEA. Its current president is Fernando Maia. The magazine Esperanto is the main publication to inform UEA members about everything happening in the Esperanto community.

The UEA was founded in 1908 by the Swiss journalist Hector Hodler and others and is now headquartered in Rotterdam, Netherlands. The organization has official relations with the United Nations and has an office at the United Nations headquarters in New York City.
Soyuz TM-29
Soyuz TM-29 was a Russian Soyuz spaceflight launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz 11A511U rocket. It docked with Mir on February 22, 1999 at 05:36 GMT with cosmonauts Viktor Afanasyev of Russia, Jean-Pierre Haigneré of France, and Ivan Bella of Slovakia aboard. Since two crew seats had been sold (to Slovakia and France), Afanasyev was the only Russian cosmonaut aboard. This meant that Russian engineer Avdeyev already aboard Mir would have to accept a double-length assignment. After the February 27 departure of EO-26 crew commander Padalka and cosmonaut Bella aboard Soyuz TM-28, the new EO-27 Mir crew consisted of Afanasyev as Commander, Avdeyev as Engineer and French cosmonaut Haigneré.

Viktor Afanasyev (cosmonaut)
Viktor Mikhailovich Afanasyev (Russian: Виктор Михайлович Афанасьев; born 31 December 1948) is a colonel in the Russian Air Force and a test cosmonaut of the Yu. A. Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.  He was born 31 December 1948, in Bryansk,  Russian SFSR, and is married to Yelena Ya. Afanasyeva, born in 1952. They have two children. His father, Mikhail Z. Afanasyev, is deceased. His mother, Marya S. Afanasyeva, resides in Merkulyevo, Bryansk region, Russia. His recreational interests include football, swimming, and tourism. He considers his favorite meal to be borscht.
Rimmen railway halt
Rimmen railway halt (Danish: Rimmen Trinbræt) is a railway halt, located a short distance north of the village of Nielstrup north of Frederikshavn in Vendsyssel, Denmark.

The halt is located on the Skagensbanen railway line from Skagen to Frederikshavn between Jerup station and Strandby station. The train services are currently operated by Nordjyske Jernbaner which run frequent local train services between Skagen station and Frederikshavn station.

Vendsyssel
Vendsyssel (Danish pronunciation: [ˈvenˌsysl̩]) is the northernmost traditional district of Denmark and of Jutland. Being divided from mainland Jutland by the Limfjord, it is technically a part of the North Jutlandic Island which also comprises the areas Hanherred and Thy. Vendsyssel is part of the North Denmark Region.

Vendsyssel neighbours Hanherred to the southwest and Himmerland to the south, across the Limfjord. Whether the island Læsø is also a part of Vendsyssel, is a matter of definition. The major towns of Vendsyssel are Hjørring, Frederikshavn, Brønderslev, Sæby, Hirtshals, Løkken Vodskov, and, on its northern tip, Skagen. The dominating city is, however, Aalborg which is mainly situated outside Vendsyssel on the southern shore of the Limfjord with Nørresundby as a secondary, northern centre.
Yadkin River Veterans Memorial Bridge
The Yadkin River Veterans Memorial Bridge is a pair of bridges, each carrying four lanes of I-85/US 52 across the Yadkin River between Rowan and Davidson Counties near Spencer, North Carolina in the United States. The northbound span opened May 5, 2012, and on August 2, 2012, southbound traffic moved to that span as well. A southbound span of the same bridge was completed in October 2012 and opened to traffic in March 2013. The pair of bridges replaces twin spans that carried I-85/US 52 from 1957 to 2012, which were separated by less than 1,000 feet (300 m).  Adjacent are two Warren deck trusses carrying the North Carolina Railroad and Norfolk Southern, one bridge carrying US 29/US 70/NC 150, and the historic concrete arch Wil-Cox Bridge.

North Carolina Highway 150
North Carolina Highway 150 (NC 150) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina.  It serves the Foothills and Piedmont Triad areas of the state, connecting the cities of Shelby, Mooresville, Salisbury and Winston-Salem.
International strait
An international strait is a narrow natural waterway connecting two parts of the high seas or exclusive economic zones, used for international navigation. Per the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), a transit passage regime prevails in such straits for both ships and aircraft with few exceptions, even when the territorial waters of bordering country or countries overlap. Worldwide, more than 200 straits might satisfy the criteria of an international strait. Notable international straits include the Bosporus and Dardanelles, Strait of Magellan, Strait of Gibraltar, Strait of Dover, Danish straits and the Strait of Hormuz.

Bosporus
The Bosporus or Bosphorus Strait is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Turkey which is straddled by the city of  Istanbul. The Bosporus connects the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara and forms one of the continental boundaries between Asia and Europe. It also divides Turkey by separating Asia Minor from Thrace. It is the world's narrowest strait used for international navigation.

Most of the shores of the Bosporus Strait, except for the area to the north, are heavily settled, with the city of Istanbul's metropolitan population of 17 million inhabitants extending inland from both banks.

The Bosporus Strait and the Dardanelles Strait at the opposite end of the Sea of Marmara are together known as the Turkish Straits.

Sections of the shore of the Bosporus in Istanbul have been reinforced with concrete or rubble and those sections of the strait prone to deposition are periodically dredged.
Philippi (surname)
Philippi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred Philippi (1903–1994), German general WWII

Andreas Philippi (born 1965), German surgeon and politician

Bernhard Eunom Philippi, aka Bernardo Philippi (1811–1852), German naturalist and explorer

Donald Philippi (1930–1993), American translator of Japanese

Federico Philippi (1838–1910), German zoologist and botanist, son of Rodolfo Amando Philippi

Friedrich Adolf Philippi (1809–1882), Lutheran theologian

Friedrich Philippi (historian) (1853–1930), German archivist and historian

Mark Philippi (born 1963), American powerlifter

Rodolfo Amando Philippi (1808–1904), German-Chilean zoologist and botanist

Waldemar Philippi (1929–1990), German footballer

Andreas Philippi
Andreas Milan Gerhard Philippi (born 4 July 1965) is a German surgeon and politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who has been serving as State Minister of Social Affairs, Labour, Health and Equality in the government of Lower Saxony since 2023. He previously was a member of the Bundestag from the state of Lower Saxony from 2021 to 2022.
Boulevards of the Marshals
The Boulevards of the Marshals (French: Boulevards des Maréchaux, pronounced [bulvaʁ de maʁeʃo]) are a series of traffic arteries that together encircle the city of Paris, France, just inside its city limits. Development of the Boulevards began in the 1860s under Napoleon III who named nineteen of them after a Marshal who served under his uncle, Napoleon I. Never officially designated as a thoroughfare, the name came into gradual use during the 20th century as the work was completed and the various segments came to be perceived as a whole.

From 1951 to the early 2000s, the circuit was served by the PC (Petite Ceinture: small beltway) buses. They have since been replaced by the Tramway des Maréchaux (Île-de-France tramway Lines 3a and 3b) except in the 16th arrondissement.

Charles-Pierre Augereau
Charles Pierre François Augereau, duc de Castiglione (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁl pjɛʁ oʒʁo]; 21 October 1757 – 12 June 1816) was a French military commander and a Marshal of the Empire who served during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. After serving in the Revolutionary Wars, he earned rapid promotion while fighting against Spain and soon found himself as a division commander under Napoleon Bonaparte in Italy. He fought in all of Bonaparte's battles of 1796 with great distinction. During the Napoleonic Wars, Napoleon entrusted Augereau with important commands. His life ended under a cloud because of his poor timing in switching sides between Napoleon and Louis XVIII. Napoleon wrote of Augereau that he "has plenty of character, courage, firmness, activity; is inured to war; is well liked by the soldiery; is fortunate in his operations". Augereau is generally counted as one of the most capable generals of the Napoleonic Wars.
Allan Melvin
Allan John Melvin (February 18, 1923 – January 17, 2008) was an American actor and impressionist, who was cast in hundreds of television episodes from the 1950s to the early 1990s, often appearing in recurring roles on various series. Some of those roles and series include portraying various characters on: The Andy Griffith Show, as real estate salesman Pete Dudley in My Favorite Martian, as Corporal Henshaw on The Phil Silvers Show, Sergeant Hacker on Gomer Pyle, USMC, Alice's boyfriend Sam the Butcher on The Brady Bunch, and as Archie Bunker's friend Barney Hefner on both All in the Family and Archie Bunker's Place. He has also voiced Tyrone the Bulldog, an archvillain (with his aliases The Jester, The Puzzler, Poochquin, Sheriff of Sherwood, and many others) in the live-action/animated series The Secret Lives of Waldo Kitty and was Magilla Gorilla on The Magilla Gorilla Show, as well as Drooper on The Banana Splits.

My Favorite Martian
My Favorite Martian is an American sitcom that aired on CBS from September 29, 1963, to May 1, 1966, for 107 episodes. The show stars Ray Walston as "Uncle Martin" (the Martian) and Bill Bixby as Tim O'Hara. My Favorite Martian was the first of the "fantasy" situation comedies prevalent on American television in the mid-1960s featuring characters who could do extraordinary things, predating My Living Doll (1964–1965), Bewitched (1964–1972), and I Dream of Jeannie (1965–1970). The first two seasons, totaling 75 episodes, were in black and white, and the 32 episodes of the third and final season were filmed in color.

John L. Greene created the central characters and developed the core format of the series, which was produced by Jack Chertok.
Aaron (amora)
Aaron was an amora, who receives two brief mentions in the Babylonian Talmud. In both places he is represented as furnishing Ravina, head of the rabbinical academy at Sura from 488 to 499, and one of the editors of the Talmud, with information concerning the Baraitot (tannaitic traditions not embodied in the Mishnah) of which the latter was ignorant.

Amoraim
Amoraim (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אמוראים [ʔamoraˈʔim], singular Amora אמורא [ʔamoˈra]; "those who say" or "those who speak over the people", or "spokesmen") refers to Jewish scholars of the period from about 200 to 500 CE, who "said" or "told over" the teachings of the Oral Torah. They were primarily located in Babylonia and the Land of Israel. Their legal discussions and debates were eventually codified in the Gemara. The Amoraim followed the Tannaim in the sequence of ancient Jewish scholars. The Tannaim were direct transmitters of uncodified oral tradition; the Amoraim expounded upon and clarified the oral law after its initial codification.
Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage
The Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage (Irish: An tAire Tithíochta, Rialtais Áitiúil agus Oidhreachta) is a senior minister in the Government of Ireland and leads the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage.

The Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage since January 2025 is James Browne, TD.

He is assisted by three Ministers of State:

John Cummins, TD – Minister of State for local government and planning

Christopher O'Sullivan, TD – Minister of State for nature, heritage and biodiversity

Kieran O'Donnell, TD – Minister of State for housing

Christopher O'Sullivan
Christopher O'Sullivan (born 2 June 1982) is an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who has served as Minister of State at the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage since January 2025 and a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cork South-West constituency since the 2020 general election.
Pleshanovo
Pleshanovo (Russian: Плешаново) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Pleshanovo, Orenburg Oblast, a selo in Pleshanovsky Selsoviet of Krasnogvardeysky District of Orenburg Oblast

Pleshanovo, Palkinsky District, Pskov Oblast, a village in Palkinsky District, Pskov Oblast

Pleshanovo, Pytalovsky District, Pskov Oblast, a village in Pytalovsky District, Pskov Oblast

Pleshanovo, Vologda Oblast, a village in Nelazsky Selsoviet of Cherepovetsky District of Vologda Oblast

Krasnogvardeysky District, Orenburg Oblast
Krasnogvardeysky District (Russian: Красногварде́йский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-five in Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,800 square kilometers (1,100 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Pleshanovo. Population: 21,097 (2010 Census). The population of Pleshanovo accounts for 16.5% of the district's total population.
Jay Blotcher
Jay Blotcher (born 1960) is an American activist,  journalist, and editor. He was active in the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP) in its early years, serving as chair of the media committee, and was a founding member of Queer Nation.

Blotcher later worked as a publicist for the American Foundation for AIDS Research (AmFAR) and the Culinary Institute of America, as well as co-founding a public relations firm that specialized in representing progressive groups and individuals. His work has appeared in both mainstream and LGBTQ publications, including The New York Times, the Advocate, Out, POZ, Gay City News, and LGNY.

In 2004, Blotcher and his longtime partner were among the first same-sex couples to be married in the state of New York when New Paltz mayor Jason West wed twenty-five couples in front of the village hall in a ceremony later challenged in court.

Out (magazine)
Out is an American LGBTQ news, fashion, entertainment, and lifestyle magazine, with the highest circulation of any LGBTQ monthly publication in the United States. Out was owned by Robert Hardman of Boston, its original investor, until 2000. It then changed hands among LPI Media, PlanetOut Inc., Here Media, and Pride Media. In June 2022, Pride Media was acquired by Equal Entertainment LLC, taking on the name Equal Pride.

Out is known for the Out100, its annual list of the most "impactful and influential LGBTQ+ people".
Amish friendship bread
Amish friendship bread is a type of bread or cake made from a sourdough starter that is often shared in a manner similar to a chain letter.  The starter is a substitute for baking yeast and can be used to make many kinds of yeast-based breads, shared with friends, or frozen for future use. The sweet, cake-like Amish cinnamon bread is a common bread that is made from this starter; it is a simple, stirred quick bread that includes a substantial amount of sugar and vegetable oil, with a mild cinnamon flavor. It has characteristics of both pound cake and coffee cake. The flavor of the finished product can be altered by cinnamon being omitted.

A common recipe using this starter suggests using one cup (240 ml) of it to make bread, keeping one cup to start a new cycle, and giving the remaining three cups to friends.  The process of sharing the starter makes it somewhat like a chain letter.  One cup of starter makes one standard loaf of bread.

Chain letter
A chain letter is a message that attempts to convince the recipient to make a number of copies and pass them on to a certain number of recipients. The "chain" is an exponentially growing pyramid (a tree graph) that cannot be sustained.

Common methods used in chain letters include emotionally manipulative stories, get-rich-quick pyramid schemes, and the exploitation of superstition to threaten the recipient with misfortune or promise good luck. Originally, chain letters were letters sent by mail; modern chain letters are often sent electronically via email, social network sites, and text messages.
Umm Al Quwain Fort
Umm Al Quwain Fort, also known as the Al Ali Fort, is located in the city of Umm Al Quwain in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It was the seat of the rulers of Umm Al Quwain and the centre of government in the emirate until 1969. It was used as a police station before the fort was restored and opened to the public in 2000 by Sheikh Rashid Bin Ahmed Al Mualla, the Ruler of Umm Al Quwain at the time.

Today it houses the Umm Al Quwain National Museum. Exhibits include artefacts from the important archaeological site of Ed-Dur.

The Fort is located in the Madeena Al Qadeema or old souq area of Umm Al Quwain, the most traditional remaining area of the emirate's capital.

Ed Dur
Ed Dur, also known as Al Dour and Ad Dour (Arabic: ٱلدُّوْر, romanized: Ad-Dūr, lit. 'The Houses') is an ancient Near Eastern city, today located in Umm Al Quwain, United Arab Emirates. One of the largest archaeological sites in the emirates, comprising an area of some 5 km2 (1.9 sq mi), the coastal settlement overlooks Al Beidha Lake. One of the most important archaeological finds in the UAE, and closely associated with the inland trading centre of Mleiha, Ed Dur has been dubbed "one of the most significant lost cities of Arabia".
Anthurium scandens
Anthurium scandens is a species of plant in the genus Anthurium. Native from Mexico to Southeast Brazil, it is the most widely distributed species of Anthurium in the Americas, and also extends to the Caribbean including Haiti, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and other nations.

An epiphyte with green, elliptical foliage and white berries, its botanical name refers to its scandent (i.e. climbing) growth habit. It is the most common and variable species in the genus with a number of subspecies across its range. It is most often confused with Anthurium trinerve, but can be distinguished by the fact that its spathe is reflexed when flowering, whereas on A. trinerve it stays erect. In some areas the plant is used medicinally as folk medicine from a tincture prepared from its roots.

Southeast Region, Brazil
The Southeast Region of Brazil (Portuguese: Região Sudeste do Brasil, pronounced [ʁeʒiˈɐ̃w suˈdɛstʃi du bɾaˈziw]) is composed of the states of Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo. It is the richest region of the country, responsible for approximately 53% of the Brazilian GDP (2022), as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Minas Gerais are the three richest states of Brazil, the top three Brazilian states in terms of GDP. The Southeast of Brazil also has the highest GDP per capita among all Brazilian regions.

The Southeast region accounts for about 44% of Brazil's total population, leading the country in population, urban population, population density, vehicles, industries, universities, airports, ports, highways, hospitals, schools, houses and many other areas.
Quadracycle
A quadracycle (also spelled quadricycle) is a four-wheeled human-powered land vehicle. It is also referred to as a quadcycle, pedal car, or four-wheeled bicycle among other terms.

Quadracycles have been in use since 1853 and have grown into several families of vehicles for a variety of purposes, including tourist rentals, pedal taxis, private touring, mountain and industrial use.

Bicycle lock
A bicycle lock is a security device used to deter bicycle theft, either by simply locking one of the wheels or by fastening the bicycle to a fixed object, e.g., a bike rack.

Locking devices vary in size and security, the most secure tending to be the largest, heaviest and least portable. Thus, like other security equipment, bicycle locks must balance the competing interests of security, portability, and cost. Some are made of particularly expensive materials chosen for their acceptable strength and low density.
Atlantik (film)
Atlantic is a 1929 British-made German language drama film directed by Ewald André Dupont and starring Fritz Kortner, Elsa Wagner and Heinrich Schroth. The film is a German language version of the 1929 film Atlantic made at Elstree Studios by British International Pictures. Following the introduction of sound films, leading film companies attempted to cater to different markets by producing multiple-language versions of their films. Atlantic was released in four versions: English, French, German and silent, for cinemas not yet converted to the new format. The German version was filmed at the same time as the British version, with each scene first being filmed in English for the British version, then the same scene being filmed in German by a German cast, using the same sets. The film was the first fully talking film to be released in Germany, where it was a major hit. It is based on the 1929 play The Berg by Ernest Raymond which itself was based on the Titanic disaster.

Ernest Raymond
Ernest Raymond OBE (31 December 1888 – 14 May 1974) was a British novelist, best known for his first novel, Tell England (1922), set in World War I. His next biggest success was We, the Accused (1935), generally thought to be a reworking of the Crippen case. Raymond was a highly prolific writer, with an output of forty-six novels, two plays and ten non-fiction works.
Castle Peak (Alaska)
Castle Peak is a 10,190-foot (3,110-meter) mountain summit located in the Wrangell Mountains, in the U.S. state of Alaska. The peak is situated in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, 21 mi (34 km) northwest of McCarthy, and 9.3 mi (15 km) south of Mount Blackburn on the south margin of the Kuskulana Glacier valley. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into Kuskulana River and Lakina River which are both tributaries of the Chitina River. The peak's descriptive name was used by early prospectors as reported in 1901 by the US Geological Survey.

Kuskulana Glacier
The Kuskulana Glacier is a glacier in the Wrangell Mountains of Alaska.

The Kuskulana Glacier trends southwest 24 km (15 mi)  from Mount Blackburn to its terminus at the head of Kuskulana River, 46 km (29 mi) northwest of McCarthy in the Wrangell Mountains.

Kuskulana is an Indian name given in 1900 by T. G. Gerdine of the US Geological Survey.