hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rǫgnvaldr Óláfsson (fl. 1164)
Rǫgnvaldr Óláfsson (fl. 1164) was a twelfth-century King of the Isles, succeeding the warrior Somerled. He was a son of Óláfr Guðrøðarson, King of the Isles and a member of the Crovan dynasty. In the 1153, Óláfr was assassinated by three nephews, before his son, Guðrøðr, was able to overcome them and succeed his father as king. By 1158, Guðrøðr was forced from power by his brother-in-law, Somairle mac Gilla Brigte, who was married to Óláfr's daughter Ragnhildr. In 1164, when Somairle was killed in an invasion of Scotland, and while Guðrøðr was away in exile overseas, Rǫgnvaldr briefly seized the kingship for himself, before being overcome by Guðrøðr, who had him blinded and mutilated.

David Rollason
David W. Rollason is an English historian and medievalist. He is a Professor in history at Durham University. He specialises in the cult of saints in Anglo-Saxon England, the history of Northumbria and in the historical writings of Durham, most notably producing a modern edition and translation of the Libellus de exordio and co-operating on an edition of the Durham Liber Vitae.

Outside of his academic interests, David Rollason is a keen cyclist, cycling 175 miles from Edinburgh to Seaton Delaval to raise money to assist the National Trust in their purchase of Seaton Delaval Hall.
Ruyangosaurus
Ruyangosaurus (Ruyang County lizard) is a genus of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaur recovered from the Early Cretaceous Haoling Formation of China. The type species is R. giganteus, described in 2009 by Lü Junchang et al.

Ruyang County
Ruyang County (simplified Chinese: 汝阳县; traditional Chinese: 汝陽縣; pinyin: Rǔyáng Xiàn) is a county in the west of Henan province, China, under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Luoyang.

Ruyang County has been the site of several major discoveries of fossilized dinosaur bones, including Huanghetitan ruyangensis, which was first described in 2007.
Annie Kevans
Annie Kevans (born Cannes, France, 1972) is an English artist who paints series of 'portraits' that explore sometimes controversial concepts and alternative histories. They are "portraits only in a loose sense... her works being a composite of existing images, research and imagination". Kevans has been described as "sensitive yet fearless, an artist who tackles controversial subjects head on".  She was named number 19 in Harper's Bazaar magazine's "Forty Under 40" chart of hot new British talent and was named number 32 in New Woman magazine's "Brit Hit List" and was described as the "new Tracey Emin".

She is married to Will Kevans, with whom she has one daughter.

Marc Quinn
Marc Quinn (born 8 January 1964) is a British contemporary visual artist whose work includes sculpture, installation, and painting. Quinn explores "what it is to be human in the world today" through subjects including the body, genetics, identity, environment, and the media. His work has used materials that vary widely, from blood, bread and flowers, to marble and stainless steel. Quinn has been the subject of solo exhibitions at Sir John Soane's Museum, the Tate Gallery, National Portrait Gallery, Fondation Beyeler, Fondazione Prada, and South London Gallery. The artist was a notable member of the Young British Artists movement.

Quinn exhibits internationally. He was awarded the commission for the first edition of the Fourth Plinth in Trafalgar Square in 2004, for which he exhibited Alison Lapper Pregnant. Quinn's frozen self-portrait series made of his own blood, Self (1991–present) was subject to a retrospective at Fondation Beyeler in 2009.

Quinn lives and works in London.
Methylenecyclopropane
Methylenecyclopropane is an organic compound with the formula (CH2)2C=CH2. It is a hydrocarbon which, as the name suggests, is derived from the addition of a methylene (=CH2) substituent to a cyclopropane ring. It is a colourless, easily condensed gas that is used as a reagent in organic synthesis.

Reagent
In chemistry, a reagent (/riˈeɪdʒənt/ ree-AY-jənt) or analytical reagent is a substance or compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, or test if one occurs. A reactant is a substance or compound that is consumed in a chemical reaction. The terms reactant and reagent are often used interchangeably, but reactant specifies a substance consumed in the course of a chemical reaction; reagent is used in the context of chemical analysis, while reactant is used in the context of reaction itself. Solvents, though involved in the reaction mechanism, are usually not called reactants. Similarly, catalysts are not consumed by the reaction, so they are not reactants. In biochemistry, especially in connection with enzyme-catalyzed reactions, the reactants are commonly called substrates.
Doumely Castle
Doumely Castle (French: Château de Doumely) is a 15th-century fortified castle that dominates the countryside of Porcien, situated in the commune of Doumely-Bégny in the Ardennes département of France.

The castle was fully restored at the end of the 20th century by its current owner, who had acquired the castle in complete ruins. The structure bears witness to the transformations that successive occupants have made to the castle: filling of the ditches, openings in the façade, destruction of internal levels, etc.

The Château de Doumely has been listed as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture since 1984.

Ardennes (department)
Ardennes (French: [aʁdɛn] ⓘ) is a department in the Grand Est region of northeastern France named after the broader Ardennes. Its prefecture is the town Charleville-Mézières. The department has 270,582 inhabitants. The inhabitants of the department are known as Ardennais or Ardennaises.
Lucius Minicius Natalis
Lucius Minicius Natalis was a Roman senator and military leader who occupied a number of offices in the imperial service. He was suffect consul in 106 with Quintus Licinius Silvanus Granianus Quadronius Proculus as his colleague. He is known entirely from inscriptions.

Roman army
The Roman Army (Latin: Exercitus Romanus) served ancient Rome and the Roman people enduring through the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC), the Roman Republic (509–27 BC), and the Roman Empire (27 BC – AD 476/1453), including the Western Roman Empire (collapsed AD 476/480) and the Eastern Roman Empire (collapsed AD 1453). It is thus a term that broadly spans approximately 2,206 years, during which the force underwent numerous permutations in size, composition, organization, equipment and tactics, while conserving a core of lasting traditions.
Little Huron River
The Little Huron River is an 8.0-mile-long (12.9 km) stream that flows entirely within Powell Township in northwest Marquette County, Michigan, in the United States. It rises on the slopes of Mount Benison and Superior Mountain in the west end of the Huron Mountains.  For almost half of its length it flows generally southwesterly then westerly as it is joined by creeks from other arms of its valley.  It then turns north, flowing through gentler terrain to its mouth on the south shore of Lake Superior.  The Little Huron River drainage basin is 15.8 square miles (41 km2).

Marquette County, Michigan
Marquette County (/mɑːrˈkɛt/ mar-KET) is a county located in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 66,017. It is the most populous county in the Upper Peninsula. The county seat is Marquette. The county is named for Father Marquette, a Jesuit missionary. It was set off in 1843 and organized in 1851.

Marquette County comprises the Marquette, MI micropolitan statistical area.
Cuphodes plexigrapha
Cuphodes plexigrapha is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Bihar and Tamil Nadu, India.

The larvae feed on Caesalpinia species, including Cajanus cajan and Cajanus indicus. They probably mine the leaves of their host plant.

Caesalpinia
Caesalpinia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It includes 10 species which range from southeastern Mexico through Central America to Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, and to Cuba, Hispaniola, and the Bahamas.
Adelmorn, the Outlaw
Adelmorn, the Outlaw is an 1801 play by the British writer Matthew Lewis. The overture and incidental music was composed by Michael Kelly. It was first staged at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London. The manager Richard Brinsley Sheridan chose the play ahead of the author's historical tragedy Alfonso, King of Castile, because he hoped it would enjoy the same success as his melodramatic hit The Castle Spectre.

The original cast included Charles Kemble as Adelmorn, William Barrymore as Father Cyprian, Richard Suett as Hugo, John Bannister as Lodowick, Marie Therese Du Camp as Herman, Dorothea Jordan as Innogen and Rosemond Mountain as Orilla.

Michael Kelly (tenor)
Michael Kelly (25 December 1762 – 9 October 1826) was an Irish tenor, composer and theatrical manager who made an international career of importance in musical history. One of the leading figures in British musical theatre around the turn of the nineteenth century, he was a close associate of playwright and poet Richard Brinsley Sheridan. He also became friends with musicians such as Mozart, Storace, and Paisiello, and created roles for the operas of all three composers. With his friend and fellow singer Nancy Storace, he was one of the first tenors of that era from Britain and Ireland to become famous in Italy and Austria. In Italy he was also known as O'Kelly or even Signor Ochelli. Although the primary source for his life is his Reminiscences, doubt has been cast on the reliability of his own account, and it has been said that '[a]ny statement of Kelly's is immediately suspect.'
North Luffenham Quarry
North Luffenham Quarry is a 4.6-hectare (11-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of North Luffenham in Rutland.

This is calcareous grassland on thin soils derived from Jurassic Lincolnshire Limestone. Flora include basil thyme, marjoram and bee orchid. There are increasing areas of scrub, and the mixture of habitats has a diverse variety of insect species.

The site is private land with no public access.

Marjoram
Marjoram (/ˈmɑːrdʒərəm/, Origanum majorana) is a cold-sensitive perennial herb or undershrub with sweet pine and citrus flavours. In some Middle Eastern countries, marjoram is synonymous with oregano, and there the names sweet marjoram and knotted marjoram are used to distinguish it from other plants of the genus Origanum. It is also called pot marjoram, although this name is also used for other cultivated species of Origanum.
John Benjamin Henck
John Benjamin Henck (October 20, 1815 Philadelphia – January 3, 1903 Montecito, California) although educated as a classical scholar and graduating as valedictorian of the Harvard class of 1840 yet, during his career, transitioned to a practicing civil engineer. As an engineering educator, Henck required a strict knowledge of classical literature" and a "thorough and accurate knowledge of science". One of his notable students was Arthur M Wellington, author of The Economic Theory of the Location of Railways.(1877, first edition.)

Montecito, California
Montecito (archaic use of Spanish for woodland or countryside) is an unincorporated town in Santa Barbara County, California, United States. Located on the Central Coast of California, Montecito sits between the Santa Ynez Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. Montecito is best known for its concentration of prominent and wealthy residents. In 2024, the median home price was $7.5 million. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Montecito as a census-designated place (CDP). The population as of 2022 is approximately 8,638 residents.
George Kay (footballer)
George Kay (21 September 1891 – 18 April 1954) was an English football player and manager of Luton Town, Southampton and Liverpool.

The highlight of his playing career was when he captained West Ham United in the first FA Cup final to be played at Wembley, the White Horse Final.

He was manager of Liverpool FC for 14 years and 5 months, August 1936 to January 1951, and led them to the Football League title in 1947, the first post-war football season, as well as taking them to the 1950 FA Cup Final (the club's first in thirty-six years).

Gold Cup (Northern Ireland)
The Gold Cup is a defunct cup competition which involved competitors from Ireland and, from 1921 onwards, just for Northern Ireland. It was initially run by the New Irish Football Association but later, and mainly, by the Irish Football Association.

The competition was first played in the 1911–12 season after seven of the eight participating clubs left the IFA (only Linfield remained) after a dispute over money and founded the New IFA. This new organisation introduced the cup as the "New Irish Cup". At the end of the season after many discussions, the dissident clubs returned to the IFA and the tournament was not held in 1912-13. However, it was revived by the IFA as the Gold Cup in 1913–14 season. In the seasons 1915–16 to 1918–19 season it was played in a league format. This involved a play-off between the two teams topping the table in the first of these seasons. The competition was last staged in 2000-01.
Herbert Schilling
Herbert Schilling (20 June 1930 – 24 October 2004) was a German boxer. He competed in the men's light welterweight event at the 1952 Summer Olympics. In 1951 he won the European Amateur Boxing Championships in Milan.

Boxing at the 1952 Summer Olympics – Light welterweight
The men's light welterweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1952 Summer Olympics. It was the inaugural Olympic event for the weight class and it allowed boxers of up to 63.5 kilograms to compete. The competition was held from 28 July to 2 August 1952. 28 boxers from 28 nations competed.
Alberto Pinto (mathematician)
Alberto Adrego Pinto is a full professor at the Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (Portugal). He is a researcher of the Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support, Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering LIAAD, INESC TEC. He is the founder and editor-in-chief of the Journal of Dynamics and Games, published by the American Institute of Mathematical Sciences (AIMS). He is the President of the Portuguese International Center for Mathematics (CIM). Currently, he is also a Special Visiting Researcher from CNPq at Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e Aplicada (IMPA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

University of Porto
The University of Porto (Universidade do Porto) is a Portuguese public research university located in Porto, and founded on 22 March 1911. It is the second largest Portuguese university by number of enrolled students, after the University of Lisbon, and has one of the most noted research outputs in Portugal.
NGC 444
NGC 444 is a spiral galaxy of type Sd located in the constellation Pisces. It was first discovered on October 26, 1854 by R. J. Mitchell (and later listed as NGC 444), and was also spotted on October 17, 1903 by Stéphane Javelle (and later listed as IC 1658). It was described by Dreyer as "very faint, much extended 135°, a little brighter middle."

R. J. Mitchell (astronomer)
R. J. Mitchell, active in astronomy in the 1850s, was an assistant to William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse. He studied at Queen's College, Galway and was employed as a scientific assistant to Lord Rosse in 1853. He also taught the sons of Lord Rosse.

Mitchell was a talented observer and drawer who made many discoveries with Lord Rosse's 72-inch telescope, and it has been suggested that many of the discoveries claimed by Lord Rosse were actually made by Mitchell. After leaving the employ of Lord Rosse in May 1858, Mitchell began a career in the Irish civil service.
Darren Hughes
Darren Colyn Hughes (born 3 April 1978) is a New Zealand former Member of Parliament between 2002 and 2011, first elected at the age of 24. He represented the Labour Party and was a Minister outside Cabinet in the Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand.

In 2011, Hughes resigned from Parliament and in 2012, he relocated to the United Kingdom to become the Campaigns and Research Director of the Electoral Reform Society. In 2017, Hughes became Chief Executive of the Electoral Reform Society, based in South London.

Electoral Reform Society
The Electoral Reform Society (ERS) is an independent advocacy organisation in the United Kingdom which promotes electoral reform. It seeks to replace first-past-the-post voting with proportional representation, advocating the single transferable vote, and an elected upper house of Parliament. It is the world's oldest still-extant electoral reform campaign.
1887 New England colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of New England on 10 January 1887 because of the resignation of William Proctor. He had been found guilty by a jury of having sat and voted in parliament whilst he had an interest in a contract with the Government and the statutory penalty of £500 was imposed. Proceedings were stayed pending Proctor's appeal to the Full Court of the Supreme Court, however he resigned stating that he desired to have the verdict of his constituents.

Supreme Court of New South Wales
The Supreme Court of New South Wales is the highest state court of the Australian state of New South Wales. It has unlimited jurisdiction within the state in civil matters, and hears the most serious criminal matters. Whilst the Supreme Court is the highest New South Wales court in the Australian court hierarchy, an appeal by special leave can be made to the High Court of Australia.

Matters of appeal can be submitted to the New South Wales Court of Appeal and Court of Criminal Appeal, both of which are constituted by members of the Supreme Court, in the case of the Court of Appeal from those who have been commissioned as judges of appeal.

The Supreme Court consists of 52 permanent judges, including the Chief Justice of New South Wales, currently Andrew Bell, the President of the Court of Appeal, 10 Judges of Appeal, the Chief Judge at Common Law, and the Chief Judge in Equity.

The Supreme Court's central location is the Law Courts Building in Queen's Square, Sydney.
Simon Milton (politician)
Sir Simon Henry Milton (2 October 1961 – 11 April 2011) was a British Conservative politician. He lately served as London's Deputy Mayor for Policy and Planning, and before that was a leader of Westminster City Council and Chairman of the Local Government Association. Milton was a director of Ian Greer Associates, a parliamentary lobbying company "with close links to the Tory party" which was at the centre of the "cash-for-questions" scandal in the 1990s.

Cash-for-questions affair
The cash-for-questions affair was a political scandal of the 1990s in the United Kingdom.

It began in October 1994 when The Guardian newspaper alleged that London's most successful parliamentary lobbyist, Ian Greer of Ian Greer Associates, had bribed two Conservative Members of Parliament to ask parliamentary questions and perform other tasks on behalf of the Egyptian owner of Harrods department store, Mohamed Al-Fayed.
Eissporthalle Gletscher
The Eissporthalle Gletscher, is a German Icesport arena, which lies in Kupfermühle, near the border between Germany and Denmark. The EIssporthalle Gletscher was the home arena of the Flensburger EC. The arena belongs to the Hotel des Nordens and the Danish Fleegard-Group.

Built in 1983, the arena is mostly used by ice skaters. The arena can be used between November first and April first every year. Between 1985 and 2004, the Flemsburgs Ice Hockey Team played its league matches at "Gletscherhalle". The seating capacity is 300. The arena can be used also for sports like Figure Skating or Ice stock sport, but not for Curling. During the ice skating season, there is an Ice Disco held once a week.

Every year the Aggewars, an ice stock tournament is held in the arena.

Flensburger EC
Flensburger EC (German: Flensburger Eissportclub), later called Flensburg-Harrisleer Eissportclub (1986) is a German hockey and ice sport club.

Established in 1984, the Flensburger EC started with the sports of ice hockey, ice stock sport and figure skating. Their home arena was the Gletscher Eissporthalle in Harrislee-Kupfermühle.
Since 2003 the Flensburger EC has been inactive.
Cliffs of Dover (composition)
"Cliffs of Dover" is an instrumental rock composition by the American guitarist, singer and songwriter Eric Johnson, released on his 1990 studio album Ah Via Musicom. Johnson had performed it as early as 1984.

The album version is composed in the key of G major. It was played with a Gibson ES-335 (as well as a Fender Stratocaster) through a B. K. Butler Tube Driver and an Echoplex plugged into a 100-watt Marshall amplifier.  The composition takes its name from the White Cliffs of Dover, a coastline in southern England.

G major
G major is a major scale based on G, with the pitches G, A, B, C, D, E, and F♯. Its key signature has one sharp.  Its relative minor is E minor and its parallel minor is G minor.

The G major scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The G harmonic major and melodic major scales are:
Al-Haluwaniyah
al-Haluwaniyah (Arabic: الحلوانية, romanized: al-Ḥalwāniyah) is a village in northern Aleppo Governorate, northern Syria. Situated on the northern Manbij Plain, the village is located about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) southwest of Jarabulus and less than 1 km (0.62 mi) south of the border to the Turkish province of Gaziantep.

With 763 inhabitants, as per the 2004 census, al-Haluwaniyah administratively belongs to Nahiya Jarabulus within Jarabulus District. Nearby localities include al-Hajalieh 4 km (2.5 mi) to the northeast, Haymar 3 km (1.9 mi) to the southeast, and al-Bir Tahtani 2.5 km (1.6 mi) to the southwest.

Syria–Turkey border
The border between the Syrian Arab Republic and the Republic of Turkey (Arabic: الحدود السورية التركية, romanized: alhudud alsuwriat alturkia; Turkish: Suriye–Türkiye sınırı) is  909 kilometres (565 mi) long, and runs from the Mediterranean Sea in the west to the tripoint with Iraq in the east. It runs across Upper Mesopotamia for some 400 kilometres (250 mi), crossing  the Euphrates and reaching as far as the Tigris. Much of the border follows the Southern Turkish stretch of the Baghdad Railway, roughly along the 37th parallel between the 37th and 42nd eastern meridians. In the west, it almost surrounds the Turkish Hatay Province, partly following the course of the Orontes River and reaching the Mediterranean coast at the foot of Jebel Aqra. Should Turkey, which is a candidate for EU membership, accede to the EU, Syria will be a border neighbor with the European Union.
IRL Golden Boot Award
The IRL Golden Boot Award (previously Open Rugby Golden Boot Award and Rugby League World Golden Boot Award) is an annual rugby league award, presented by the International Rugby League (IRL), awarded to the best player of the calendar year. There are categories for men's, women's, and wheelchair players.

The IRL purchased the rights to the award from League Publications Ltd. in 2017, who in turn purchased it from its original awarders Open Rugby in 1998 who started the award in 1984.

Upon purchase IRL introduced a women's category starting in 2018, with the wheelchair category coming a year later.

Wheelchair rugby league
Wheelchair rugby league is a wheelchair-based version of rugby league football, one of two recognised disability versions of the sport. It was developed in France in 2000. Unlike other wheelchair sports, people without disabilities are allowed to compete in top-level competition.