hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Teuku Iskandar
Teuku Iskandar was an Indonesian scholar, literary critic, lexicographer, historian, and nobleman. He was one of the native Indonesians of Acehnese who were eager to revivify the historical records of the indigenous civilizations of the Indonesian island of Sumatra (mainly revolve about the literatures of Acehnese, as well as Malay). In the modern days, Teuku Iskandar considered as the linguistic father of Standard Malay, a standardized form of Malay which heavily based on the Standard Indonesian linguistic elements.

Scholar
A scholar is a person who is a researcher or has expertise in an academic discipline. A scholar can also be an academic, who works as a professor, teacher, or researcher at a university. An academic usually holds an advanced degree or a terminal degree, such as a master's degree or a doctorate. Independent scholars and public intellectuals work outside the academy yet may publish in academic journals and participate in scholarly public discussion.
Stern House
The Stern House, (Hebrew: בית שטרן) is a preserved and reconstructed historic building in Jerusalem. The house was built in 1877 in Mamilla, one of the original neighborhoods outside the city walls, and was rescued during a major reconstruction of the same neighborhood in the late 20th and early 21st century.

The Stern House is notable for accommodating Theodor Herzl during his visit to Jerusalem in 1898. It currently serves as the Jerusalem "flagship store" of the Steimatzky bookstore chain and includes an outdoor cafe, as well as a small museum.

Historic preservation
Historic preservation (US), built heritage preservation or built heritage conservation (UK) is an endeavor that seeks to preserve, conserve and protect buildings, objects, landscapes or other artifacts of historical significance. It is a philosophical concept that became popular in the twentieth century, which maintains that cities as products of centuries' development should be obligated to protect their patrimonial legacy. The term refers specifically to the preservation of the built environment, and not to preservation of, for example, primeval forests or wilderness.
Azerbaijani dances
Azerbaijani dances (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Rəqsləri) are traditional dances developed and performed in the Republic of Azerbaijan. These dances are known for their quick tempo and the dancers' traditional clothing.

Nagara (drum)
The nagara or naghara is a drum used in India. There are several types of naghara, which is considered to be the lead instrument in mandir ceremonies and weddings. These are typically two drums, one treble and one bass and are played with sticks.

In Sikh traditions, the naghara is used as a large singular ceremonial drum in Gatka performances and was used historically in battle.

In Central Asia and the Middle East, the naghara is considered to be only one drum and differs in size and goes by various names such as "boyuk nagara" (big naghara), "cura nagara" (small naghara), "chiling naghara" (played with drum sticks), "Qoltuq nagara" (drum held under the arm), gosha naghara (Naqareh) and "el naghara" (hand naghara).

'Nagada' (Indian Drum) is a percussion instrument used for its rhythmic sounds.. Nakara is a festival instrument mostly used in South Indian Hindu temples. The size may vary and this instrument may be kept near the entrance of the South Indian Hindu temples.
Rouben Paul Adalian
Rouben Paul Adalian is the Director of the Armenian National Institute in Washington, D.C., and a professor at the Elliott School of International Affairs of George Washington University and at Johns Hopkins University.

Armenian National Institute
The Armenian National Institute (ANI) is a Washington, D.C.–based organization dedicated to the research and documentation of the Armenian genocide. It was founded in 1997 by the Armenian Assembly of America to bring more awareness to the Armenian genocide. The abbreviation of the Institute, ANI, is the name of the medieval capital of Armenia.
1974 US Open – Women's doubles
Margaret Court and Virginia Wade were the defending champions but only Virginia Wade competed that year with Lesley Hunt. Lesley Hunt and Virginia Wade lost in the semifinals to Rosemary Casals and Billie Jean King.

Rosemary Casals and Billie Jean King won the title by defeating Françoise Dürr and Betty Stöve 7–6, 6–7, 6–4 in the final. The winning team earned $4,500.

Betty Stöve
Betty Flippina Stöve (born 24 June 1945) is a Dutch former professional tennis player. She is best known for reaching the ladies' singles final, the ladies' doubles final and the mixed doubles final during the same year at Wimbledon in 1977. She also won ten Grand Slam titles in women's doubles and mixed doubles.
Nalini Ranjan Chatterjee
Sir Nalini Ranjan Chatterjee (died 6 September 1942) was a judge of the Calcutta High Court, India from 1910 to 1926 and officiated as Acting Chief Justice on three occasions. He was knighted in the 1920 New Year Honours. He became a member of the Viceroy's Executive Council post retirement.

It was said of Chatterjee by then Chief Justice Sir George Rankin that not a single judgment of the former was set aside by the Privy Council.

Calcutta High Court
Calcutta High Court is the oldest High Court in India. It is located at Esplanade Row West, Kolkata, West Bengal. It has jurisdiction over the state of West Bengal and the Union Territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The Gothic Revival building was completed in 1872, and designed by Walter Long Bozzi Granville.

Currently, the court has a sanctioned judge strength of 72.
Prussian State Ministry
The Prussian State Ministry (German: Preußisches Staatsministerium) from 1808 to 1850 was the executive body of ministers, subordinate to the King of Prussia and, from 1850 to 1918, the overall ministry of the State of Prussia consisting of the individual ministers. In other German states, it corresponded to the state government or the senate of a free city.

Free imperial city
In the Holy Roman Empire, the collective term free and imperial cities (German: Freie und Reichsstädte), briefly worded free imperial city (Freie Reichsstadt, Latin: urbs imperialis libera), was used from the 15th century to denote a self-ruling city that had a certain amount of autonomy and was represented in the Imperial Diet.

An imperial city held the status of imperial immediacy, and was subordinate only to the Holy Roman Emperor, as opposed to a territorial city or town (Landstadt), which was subordinate to a territorial prince – be it an ecclesiastical lord (prince-bishop, prince-abbot), or a secular prince (duke (Herzog), margrave, count (Graf), etc.).
Second Wanzhou Yangtze River Bridge
The Second Wanzhou Yangtze River Bridge (万州长江二桥) is a suspension bridge over the Yangtze River in Wanzhou District of Chongqing, China.  Completed in 2004, it has a main span of 580 metres (1,900 ft) places it among the longest suspension spans in the world.

Wanzhou, Chongqing
Wanzhou District (Chinese: 万州区; pinyin: Wànzhōu Qū) is Chongqing's second most populated urban core area on the upper reaches of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River in China. It is currently governed as a district of Chongqing Municipality, bordering Sichuan to the northwest and Hubei to the southeast. It was formerly known as Wanxian or Wan County (simplified Chinese: 万县; traditional Chinese: 萬縣; pinyin: Wànxiàn). Prior to Chongqing's formation as a direct-controlled municipality, Wanzhou was part of Sichuan province. The urban core of Wanzhou  is 228 km (142 mi) away from Chongqing's city proper.

The characters for "Wanzhou" mean "myriad-prefecture"; which is derived from the phrase "the place where myriad rivers converge and myriad traders gather" (万川毕汇、万商云集). Due to the construction of the Three Gorges Dam, 47% of Wanzhou's old urban area was submerged and had to be relocated.
Masahisa Sato
Masahisa Sato (佐藤 正久, Satō Masahisa; born October 23, 1960) is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party, a member of the House of Councillors in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Fukushima Prefecture, he graduated from National Defense Academy of Japan with a major in applied physics and joined the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF). In the JGSDF, he was the commander of the Japanese Iraq Reconstruction and Support Group. After his retirement as colonel in 2007, he was elected to the House of Councillors for the first time in 2007.

Japan Ground Self-Defense Force
The Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (Japanese: 陸上自衛隊, Hepburn: Rikujō Jieitai), JGSDF (陸自, Rikuji), also referred to as the Japanese Army, is the land warfare branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces. Created on July 1, 1954, it is the largest of the three service branches.

New military guidelines, announced in December 2010, direct the Self-Defense Forces away from their Cold War focus on the Soviet Union to a new focus on China, especially in respect of the dispute over the Senkaku Islands.

The JGSDF operates under the command of the chief of the ground staff, based in the city of Ichigaya, Shinjuku, Tokyo. The present chief of staff is General Yasunori Morishita. The JGSDF numbered 247,000 soldiers in 2025.
Tqana
Tqana (Arabic: تقانة)  is a Syrian village located in Maarrat al-Nu'man Nahiyah in Maarrat al-Nu'man District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Tqana had a population of 562 in the 2004 census.

Idlib Governorate
Idlib Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة ادلب, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Idlib) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in northwestern Syria, bordering Turkey's Hatay province to the north, Aleppo Governorate to the east, Hama Governorate to the south, and Latakia Governorate to the west. Reports of its area vary, depending on the source, from 5,933 square kilometres (2,291 sq mi)2 to 6,097 square kilometres (2,354 sq mi)2. The provincial capital is Idlib.
Anders Wallner
Anders Wallner, born 1983 in Bergsjö, Hälsingland, is a Swedish Green Party member, resident in Stockholm. He was party secretary (Swedish: partisekreterare) from 2011 to 2016.

Anders Wallner has previously held elected office on a local level in Malmö. From 2007 to 2008, he was a member of the party's ruling party board of directors. in 2010, he became a member of the Stockholm City Council.  He was previously assistant to party spokesperson Maria Wetterstrand.  In 2007, he was press officer for Stockholm Pride.

In May 2011, Anders Wallner was wounded in a stabbing at a subway station in Stockholm.

Maria Wetterstrand
Maria Wetterstrand (born 2 October 1973) is a Swedish politician. She was one of the spokespersons of the Green Party alongside Peter Eriksson between 2002 and 2011. Between 2001 and 2011 she was a member of the Riksdag.

She was born on 2 October 1973 in Eskilstuna.

Wetterstrand has a master's degree in biology from the University of Gothenburg.

Wetterstrand was married to Ville Niinistö, a Finnish politician representing the Green League, between 2004 and 2012. They have two children: a son born in October 2004 and a daughter born 2007.
East Greenland Orogen
The East Greenland orogen, also known as East Greenland mountain range, is the linear mountain range along the eastern Greenland coast, from 70 to 82 degrees north latitude.

Geologically, the mountain chain consists of Silurian to early Devonian (490 to 390 million years ago) fold and thrust belts. The rocks of the East Greenland orogen are mostly Cryogenian to Silurian sedimentary rocks overlying a basement of mainly Proterozoic gneisses.

The current mountain range formed as a result of Cenozoic uplift following the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean in the early Eocene (about 55 million years ago).

Fold and thrust belt
A fold and thrust belt is a series of mountainous foothills adjacent to an orogenic belt, which forms due to contractional tectonics. Fold and thrust belts commonly form in the forelands adjacent to major orogens as deformation propagates outwards. Fold and thrust belts usually comprise both folds and thrust faults, commonly interrelated. 
They are commonly also known as thrust-and-fold belts, or simply thrust-fold belts.
Triathlon at the 2014 Asian Games
Triathlon at the 2014 Asian Games was held at the Songdo Central Park, Incheon, South Korea from September 25 to 26, 2014. Both men and women competed in individual events, plus a mixed-gendered relay event.

The individual triathlon contains three components: a 1.5 km (0.93 mi) swim, 40 km (25 mi) cycle, and a 10 km (6.2 mi) run. The relay event features teams of four competitors, where each completes a 250 m (0.16 mi) swim, a 6.6 km (4.1 mi) cycle, and a 1.6 km (1.0 mi) run.

Songdo Central Park
Songdo Central Park (Korean: 송도 센트럴파크; 송도 중앙공원) is a public park in the Songdo district of Incheon, South Korea. The park is the centerpiece of Songdo IBD's green space plan, inspired by New York City's Central Park. Central Park is a public zone in the center of Korea's first international city, covering 101 acres (41 hectares); the park covers almost 10% of Songdo IBD’s total area. It serves to connect to various civic and cultural destinations by providing a seawater canal that refreshes itself every 24 hours.
Sykes Smelt Mill
Sykes Smelt Mill was a mediaeval mill located between Sykes and Hareden in Bowland Forest High, Lancashire, England. It stood on the banks of Langden Brook.

A "Smelt Mill Clough", but not the mill itself, appears on the 1841 tithe map for the Upper Division of the Trough of Bowland. The site is now believed to be occupied by a group of small buildings, known as "Smelt Mill Cottages", one of which is the home of Bowland Pennine Mountain Rescue Team. One of the buildings sits on an old foundation.

There is some evidence that smelting was being done in the early 17th century, during which period Bevis Bulmer was working at the King's Silver Mines on Brunghill Moor, near Newton-in-Bowland. It is possible that Bulmer also worked at Sykes mill (or nearby Ashnott) under a "blanket lease" held by the Society of Mines Royal. It is not known whether Bulmer had a smelt mill on his mines, but in 1630 Charles Coare, from Bashall Eaves, was the smelter at Thievley Mine.

Bevis Bulmer
Sir Bevis Bulmer (1536–1615) was an English mining engineer during the reigns of Elizabeth I and James I. He has been called "one of the great speculators of that era". Many of the events in his career were recorded by Stephen Atkinson in The Discoveries and Historie of the Gold Mynes in Scotland, compiled in part from a lost manuscript by Bulmer entitled Bulmer's Skill.
Sebastian Bach Mills
Sebastian Bach Mills (13 March 1839 – 21 December 1898) was an English pianist, composer and piano instructor who made his concert career in the United States and gave the first American performances of many important works.

Piano Concerto (Schumann)
The Piano Concerto in A minor, Op. 54, by the German Romantic composer Robert Schumann was completed in 1845 and is the composer's only piano concerto. The complete work was premiered in Dresden on 4 December 1845. It is one of the most widely performed and recorded piano concertos from the Romantic period.

The autograph manuscript of the concerto is preserved in the Heinrich Heine Institute in Düsseldorf.
Rebel Hall
Rebel Hall is a historic plantation house located at Orange, Orange County, Virginia. It was built in 1848–1849, and is a two-story, three-bay, Greek Revival style brick dwelling. It sits on a raised brick basement and has a shallow-pitched, standing-seam metal roof. A rear wing was added about 1900.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

Orange, Virginia
Orange is a town and the county seat of Orange County, Virginia, United States. The population was 4,880 at the 2020 census, representing a 3.4% increase since the 2010 census. Orange is 28 miles (45 km) northeast of Charlottesville, 88 miles (142 km) southwest of Washington, D.C., and 4 miles (6 km) east of Founding Father and fourth U.S. president James Madison's plantation of Montpelier.
Tiraspol
Tiraspol (Moldovan Cyrillic: Тираспол, pronounced [tiˈraspol]; also Tirișpolea/Тиришполя; Russian: Тирасполь, pronounced [tʲɪˈraspəlʲ]; Ukrainian: Тирасполь, romanized: Tyraspol', pronounced [tɪˈrɑspolʲ]) is the capital and largest city of Transnistria, a breakaway state of Moldova, where it is the second-largest city. The city is located on the eastern bank of the Dniester River. Tiraspol is a regional hub of culture, economy, tourism, and light industry, such as furniture and electrical goods production.

The modern city of Tiraspol was founded by the Russian generalissimo Alexander Suvorov in 1792, although the area had been inhabited for thousands of years by varying ethnic groups. The city celebrates its anniversary every year on 14 October.

Generalissimo
Generalissimo (/ˌdʒɛn(ə)rəˈlɪsɪmoʊ/ JEN-(ə-)rə-LIS-ih-moh), also generalissimus, is a military rank of the highest degree, superior to field marshal and other five-star ranks in the states where they are used.
Dumpa Mary Vijayakumari
Dumpa Mary Vijayakumari (born 9 July 1952) is an Indian politician and a member of parliament elected from the Bhadrachalam-ST constituency in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh being a Telugu Desam Party candidate.

Telugu Desam Party
The Telugu Desam Party (abbr. TDP; transl. Party of the Telugu Land) is an Indian regional political party primarily active in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It was founded by Telugu matinée idol N. T. Rama Rao (NTR) on 29 March 1982 and has focused on supporting Telugu people. The party has won a five-time majority in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly and has emerged as the most successful political outfit in the state's history. It is currently the ruling party in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.

From 1 September 1995, the TDP was led by N. T. Rama Rao's son-in-law, Nara Chandra Babu Naidu as the national president of the party. The headquarters of the party is called N. T. R. Bhavan, which is located at Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh.
Miyu Kato (tennis)
Miyu Kato (加藤 未唯, Katō Miyu; born 21 November 1994) is a Japanese professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. On 1 January 2024, she peaked at world No. 26 in the WTA doubles rankings.
She also achieved her career-high singles ranking of No. 122 in January 2018.

Kato has won five doubles titles on the WTA Tour and two WTA Challenger doubles titles. In addition, she has won four singles and 13 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

Playing for Japan Fed Cup team, Kato has a win–loss record of 6–1 (5–1 in doubles), as of June 2024.

Japan Billie Jean King Cup team
The Japan women's national tennis team represents Japan in Fed Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Japan Tennis Association. Most recently, in 2024, they qualified for the finals by beating Kazakhstan in April, and then reached the quarter-finals of the competition with a win over Romania in November.
Lake Pressegg
Lake Pressegg (German: Pressegger See, Slovene: Preseško jezero) is a lake in Carinthia, Austria. It is located in a glacial valley within the Gailtal Alps, a mountain range of the Southern Limestone Alps, east of Hermagor. With an average depth of 3.4 m (11 ft), the water body of the semi-circular lake is relatively flat. It is characterized by extended reed beds, while there are also bathing beaches on the northern and southern shore busy in summer.

In addition to underground springs, the lake is fed with water from the western side by a tributary. There is an outflow on the eastern shore.

Glacial period
A glacial period (alternatively glacial or glaciation) is an interval of time (thousands of years) within an ice age that is marked by colder temperatures and glacier advances. Interglacials, on the other hand, are periods of warmer climate between glacial periods. The Last Glacial Period ended about 15,000 years ago. The Holocene is the current interglacial. A time with no glaciers on Earth is considered a greenhouse climate state.
Göcek Tunnel
Göcek Tüneli (Turkish: Göcek Tüneli) is a road tunnel in Dalaman, Muğla. The tunnel goes through D400 road. It takes its name from Göcek. It was opened on 9 September 2006, by the president of the term Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. The tunnel was built as a single tube in the first phase. In 2015, the second tube section was built by the state for 65 million liras in the then currency.

Dalaman
Dalaman is a municipality and district of Muğla Province, Turkey. Its area is 608 km2, and its population is 47,482 (2022). It is situated on the southwestern coast of Turkey.

Dalaman Stream (Dalaman çayı) forms much of the western border of the district, where its neighbors are Köyceğiz and Ortaca districts. The town of Dalaman is located in the coastal plain, whereas the rest of the district – towards Fethiye district on the coast and towards the high mountains on the northern border to Denizli Province – is upland, dominated by the valleys of the Dalaman Stream's eastern tributaries.
Shir Govaz
Shir Govaz (Persian: شيرگواز, also Romanized as Shīr Govāz and Shīr Gavāz) is a village in Bahu Kalat Rural District, Dashtiari District, Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 553, in 126 families.

Bahu Kalat Rural District
Bahu Kalat Rural District (Persian: دهستان باهوكلات) is in Bahu Kalat District of Dashtiari County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Dempak Bazar. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Bahu Kalat.
Evelyn Schötz
Evelyn Schötz (born 30 June 1961) is a German politician from Die Linke. In the 2025 German federal election, she ran as a direct candidate in the constituency of Roth and won a seat in the 21st Bundestag by placing fifth on her party's Bavarian state list.

Roth (electoral district)
Roth is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 245. It is located in northern Bavaria, comprising the districts of Nürnberger Land and Roth.

Roth was created for the 1976 federal election. Since 2021, it has been represented by Ralph Edelhäußer of the Christian Social Union (CSU).
Saint Kitts and Nevis Rugby Association
The Saint Kitts and Nevis Rugby Association is the rugby governing body in Saint Kitts and Nevis. Based in Basseterre, it was founded in 2008. The association became affiliated to the North America Caribbean Rugby Association (NACRA, formerly NAWIRA) in the following year, but it is not currently a member of World Rugby.

The British first introduced the game to the islands in the 1960s, and for a number of years it was mainly played by expatriates. Now it has some uptake by the local population. Games against visiting ships, and touring sides are common, as well as against neighbouring Caribbean islands.

Basseterre
Basseterre (/bæsˈtɛər/; Saint Kitts Creole: Bastear) is the capital and largest city of Saint Kitts and Nevis with an estimated population of 14,000 in 2018. Geographically, the Basseterre port is located at 17°18′N 62°44′W﻿ / ﻿17.300°N 62.733°W﻿ / 17.300; -62.733, on the south-western coast of Saint Kitts Island, and it is one of the chief commercial depots of the Leeward Islands. The city lies within Saint George Basseterre Parish.

Basseterre is one of the oldest towns in the Eastern Caribbean.
Turcaret
Turcaret (or Le Financier) is a comedy by Alain-René Lesage, first produced on 14 February 1709 at the Comédie-Française in Paris. It is considered one of Lesage's most important works.

The play shows clear signs of having been written by an admirer of Molière, and has much in common with his 1664 comedy Tartuffe.

Tartuffe
Tartuffe, or The Impostor, or The Hypocrite (/tɑːrˈtʊf, -ˈtuːf/; French: Tartuffe, ou l'Imposteur, pronounced [taʁtyf u lɛ̃pɔstœʁ]), first performed in 1664, is a theatrical comedy (or more specifically, a farce) by Molière. The characters of Tartuffe, Elmire, and Orgon are considered among the greatest classical theatre roles.