hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peter Oskam
Peter Oskam (born 5 January 1960 in The Hague) is a Dutch politician and former football referee and judge. As a member of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) he was an MP between 20 September 2012 and 4 January 2016.

As a referee he refereed 64 football games in the Eredivisie (Honorary Division) between 1998 and 2004. Oskam also officiated in UEFA Euro 2004 qualification, serving as fourth official for the qualifying match between the Faroe Islands and Germany. As a judge he was vice president of the court of Rotterdam and Amsterdam.

In November 2015 it was announced Oskam would leave the House of Representatives to become mayor of Capelle aan den IJssel per January 2016. He was sworn in as mayor on 4 January. He was replaced in the House by Mustafa Amhaouch.

Oskam is married, has four children, and lives in Rijswijk.

Capelle aan den IJssel
Capelle aan den IJssel (Dutch pronunciation: [kaːˈpɛlə ʔaːn dən ˈɛisəl] ⓘ or [- də ˈʔɛi-]; transl. "Capelle on the IJssel") is a large town and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality had a population of 67,319 in 2021, and covers an area of 15.40 km2 (5.95 sq mi), of which 1.26 km2 (0.49 sq mi) is water. It is situated on the eastern edge of Rotterdam, on the Hollandse IJssel river.

The town has what is probably the country's smallest museum, the Dief- en Duifhuisje ("House of Thieves and Pigeons"). Now a historical museum, it served as the prison for the castle of Capelle and is all that now remains of the 17th-century castle.

On opposing sides of the A16 motorway are two business parks called Rivium and Brainpark respectively. Companies based in the larger Rivium include Rockwell Automation, Pfizer Nederland, Sodexho Nederland, Royal Dutch Shell, Van Oord, and many more.
Chandur Assembly constituency
Chandur Vidhan Sabha seat was one of the constituencies of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha, in India. It was a segment of Amravati Lok Sabha constituency. Chandur seat existed until the 2004 elections after which it was succeeded by Dhamangaon Railway Assembly constituency seat in 2008.

Chandur, Maharashtra
Chandur Railway is a city and a municipal council in Amravati district in the state of Maharashtra, India. Chandur Railway is one of the three talukas (the other two are the Dhamangaon and the Nandgaon Khandeshwar railway stations) of Chandur Railway subdivision in Amravati district.
Arrenodes minutus
Arrenodes is a genus of primitive weevils belonging to the family Brentidae, containing a single described species, Arrenodes minutus, commonly known as the oak timberworm. These beetles are pests of hardwoods in North America. Adult oak timberworms are shiny, elongate, and range 7 to 25 mm in length.  They are reddish-brown to brownish-black in coloration, with yellow spots on their elytra. Adults display strong sexual dimorphism; females have long, slender, straight mouthparts, while males possess flattened, broadened mouthparts with large mandibles. Males are known to be aggressive and use these large mandibles for combat.  These mandibles are also used in courtship.  Larvae are elongate, cylindrical, white, and curved. They have three pairs of jointed legs on the thorax and one pair of prolegs near the end of the abdomen.

Mandible (insect mouthpart)
Insect mandibles are a pair of appendages near the insect's mouth, and the most anterior of the three pairs of oral appendages (the labrum is more anterior, but is a single fused structure). Their function is typically to grasp, crush, or cut the insect's food, or to defend against predators or rivals. Insect mandibles, which appear to be evolutionarily derived from legs, move in the horizontal plane unlike those of vertebrates, which appear to be derived from gill arches and move vertically.
Health Sciences Online
Health Sciences Online (HSO) is a non-profit online health information resource that launched in December 2008. The website hosts a virtual learning center providing weblinks to a collection of  more than 50,000 courses, references, textbooks, guidelines, lectures, presentations, cases, articles, images and videos, available in 42 different languages. The content includes medicine, public health, nursing, pharmacy, dentistry, nutrition, kinesiology and other health sciences resources.

Kinesiology
Kinesiology (from Ancient Greek  κίνησις (kínēsis) 'movement' and  -λογία -logía 'study of') is the scientific study of human body movement. Kinesiology addresses physiological, anatomical, biomechanical, pathological, neuropsychological principles and mechanisms of movement. Applications of kinesiology to human health include biomechanics and orthopedics; strength and conditioning; sport psychology; motor control; skill acquisition and motor learning; methods of rehabilitation, such as physical and occupational therapy; and sport and exercise physiology. Studies of human and animal motion include measures from motion tracking systems, electrophysiology of muscle and brain activity, various methods for monitoring physiological function, and other behavioral and cognitive research techniques.
110 Virginis
110 Virginis is a star in the zodiac constellation Virgo, located 195 light-years away from Earth. It is visible to the naked eye as an orange-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.40. The star is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −16 km/s.

The stellar classification of 110 Virginis is K0.5 IIIb Fe–0.5, indicating that this is an evolved giant star with a mild underabundance of iron in its spectrum. At the age of 4.5 billion years old, it belongs to a sub-category of giants called the red clump, which means it is on the horizontal branch and is generating energy through the helium fusion at its core. Compared to the Sun, it has 167% of the mass but has expanded to 14 times the size. The enlarged photosphere has an effective temperature of 4,655 K and is radiating 80 times the Sun's luminosity.

Red clump
The red clump is a clustering of red giants in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram at around 5,000 K and absolute magnitude (MV) +0.5, slightly hotter than most red-giant-branch stars of the same luminosity.  It is visible as a denser region of the red-giant branch or a bulge towards hotter temperatures.  It is prominent in many galactic open clusters, and it is also noticeable in many intermediate-age globular clusters and in nearby field stars (e.g. the Hipparcos stars).

The red clump giants are cool horizontal branch stars, stars originally similar to the Sun which have undergone a helium flash and are now fusing helium in their cores.
Trinity National Forest
Trinity National Forest was established as the Trinity Forest Reserve by the U.S. Forest Service in California on April 26, 1905 with 1,243,042 acres (5,030.41 km2). It became a National Forest on March 4, 1907. On July 1, 1908 it gave up some acreage to California National Forest. In 1954 it was combined administratively with Shasta National Forest to create Shasta-Trinity National Forest. Trinity National Forest is located overwhelmingly in Trinity County, which has 89.46% of its acreage. In descending order of land area the rest of the counties are Tehama with 7.37%, Shasta with 2.93%, and Humboldt with 0.23%. There are local ranger district offices in Hayfork and Weaverville. Its administrative offices reside in Redding, as part of the combined Shasta-Trinity National Forest. As of 30 September 2008, the Forest has an area of 1,043,677 acres (4,223.61 km²), comprising 47.23% of the combined Shasta-Trinity's total 2,209,832 acres (8,942.87 km²).

National Park Service ranger
National Park Service rangers are among the uniformed employees charged with protecting and preserving areas set aside in the National Park System by the United States Congress and the President of the United States. While all employees of the agency contribute to the National Park Service mission of preserving unimpaired the natural and cultural resources set aside by the American people for future generations, the term "park ranger" is traditionally used to describe all National Park Service employees who wear the uniform. Broadly speaking, all National Park Service rangers promote stewardship of the resources in their care—either voluntary stewardship via resource interpretation, or compliance with statute or regulation through law enforcement.  These comprise the two main disciplines of the ranger profession in the National Park Service.
Kharel
Kharel (Nepali: खरेल) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ramesh Kharel, Nepalese policeman

Achyut Krishna Kharel, Nepalese policeman and former IGP of Nepal

Pramod Kharel, Nepalese singer

Rajendra Kharel, Nepalese politician

Rajendra Kharel
Rajendra Kharel (Nepali: राजेन्द्र खरेल) is a Nepalese politician. He was elected to the Pratinidhi Sabha in the 1999 election on behalf of the Nepali Congress. Later he joined Sher Bahadur Deuba's break-away party, Nepali Congress (Democratic).He also served as the Minister for Women, Children and Senior Citizens, contributing to the advancement of social welfare and child rights during his tenure.
Rothschildia jacobaeae
Rothschildia jacobaeae (commonly known as the Brazilian silk moth) is a moth of the family Saturniidae first described by Francis Walker in 1855. It is endemic to Argentina and Brazil.

The wingspan is 80–100 mm.

The larvae feed on plants of several families, including species of Ilex paraguariensis, Jacaranda caroba, Jacaranda mimosifolia,  Ligustrum spp., Ligustrum ovalifolium, Cephalanthus glabratus.

Jacaranda mimosifolia
Jacaranda mimosifolia is a sub-tropical tree native to south-central South America that has been widely planted elsewhere because of its attractive and long-lasting violet-colored flowers.  It is also known as the jacaranda, blue jacaranda, black poui, Nupur or fern tree. Older sources call it J. acutifolia, but modern authorities usually classify it as J. mimosifolia. In scientific usage, the name "jacaranda" refers to the genus Jacaranda, which has many other members, but in horticultural and everyday usage, it nearly always means the blue jacaranda.

In its native range in the wild, J. mimosifolia is listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN.
Lefty Robinson
Charles "Lefty" Robinson (March 2, 1891 - August 14, 1974) was a Negro leagues pitcher from 1923 to 1932. He pitched and played for the Birmingham Black Barons, St. Louis Stars and Atlanta Black Crackers.

St. Louis Stars (baseball)
The St. Louis Stars, originally the St. Louis Giants, were a Negro league baseball team that competed independently from as early as 1906 to 1919, and then joined the Negro National League (NNL) for the duration of their existence. After the 1921 season, the Giants were sold by African-American promoter Charlie Mills to Dick Kent and Dr. Sam Sheppard, who built a new park and renamed the club the Stars. As the Stars, they eventually built one of the great dynasties in Negro league history, winning three pennants in four years from 1928 to 1931.
Nik Azli
Nik Azli bin Nik Alias (born 26 January 1997) is a Malaysian professional footballer who plays for Malaysia A1 Semi-Pro League club Kelantan Red Warrior. Nik Azli plays mainly as a forward, but can also play as a winger.

Kelantan Red Warrior F.C.
Kelantan Red Warrior Football Club is a Malaysian professional football club based in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. They  play in the second division of the Malaysian football league system, the Malaysia A1 Semi-Pro League.
American Cinema Editors Awards 1964
The 14th American Cinema Editors Awards, which were presented on Saturday, March 21, 1964, at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel, honored the best editors in films and television. The award was hosted by actress and comedian Irene Ryan while the principal speaker was NBC president Pat Weaver.

Irene Ryan
Irene Ryan (born Irene Noblitt; October 17, 1902 – April 26, 1973) was an American actress and comedienne who found success in vaudeville, radio, film, television, and Broadway. She is most widely known for her portrayal of Daisy May "Granny" Moses, mother-in-law of Buddy Ebsen's character Jed Clampett on the long-running TV series The Beverly Hillbillies (1962–1971). She was nominated for Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series in 1963 and 1964 for the role.
Gao Xingzhou
Gao Xingzhou (高行周) (885 – September 10, 952), courtesy name Shangzhi (尚質), formally Prince Wuyi of Qin (秦武懿王), was a Chinese military general, monarch, and politician who served the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period Jin, Later Tang, Later Jin, Liao Dynasty, Later Han, and Later Zhou. dynasties. His son Gao Huaide was later a famed general in the succeeding Song Dynasty.

Historical Records of the Five Dynasties
The Historical Records of the Five Dynasties (Wudai Shiji) is a Chinese history book on the Five Dynasties period (907–960), written by the Song dynasty official Ouyang Xiu in private. It was drafted during Ouyang's exile from 1036 to 1039 but not published until 1073, a year after his death. An abridged English translation by Richard L. Davis was published in 2004. The history book is a typical representative of the use of Spring and Autumn style (春秋笔法). It has high literal value but its content may not be accurate enough.

One of the official Twenty-Four Histories of China, the book is frequently referred to as the New History of the Five Dynasties (Xin Wudai Shi) in order to distinguish it from the Old History of the Five Dynasties which was published in 974. Though both books follow a similar format, Ouyang's book is more concise and markedly more analytical.
UIC Flames
The UIC Flames are the intercollegiate athletic teams that represent the University of Illinois Chicago, located in Chicago, Illinois, in intercollegiate sports as a member of the Division I level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), primarily competing in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) since the 2022–23 academic year.

The Flames previously competed in the D-I Horizon League from 1994–95 to 2021–22; in the D-I Mid-Continent Conference (Mid-Con, now currently known as the Summit League since 2007–08) from 1982–83 to 1993–94; as an NCAA D-I Independent during the 1981–82 school year; and in the Chicagoland Collegiate Athletic Conference (CCAC) of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) from 1949–50 to about 1980–81.

Chicagoland Collegiate Athletic Conference
The Chicagoland Collegiate Athletic Conference (CCAC) is a college athletic conference affiliated with the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA). Its 13 members are located in the Midwestern United States. In many sports, the conference champion qualifies directly for national competition.

The CCAC sanctions play in eight men's and eight women's sports. Men's sports include soccer, cross country, basketball, track and field, tennis, baseball, golf, and volleyball; while women's sports include soccer, volleyball, cross country, track and field, basketball, tennis, golf, and softball.

In all sports, it sanctions regular season league play as well as a post-season tournament.
1998 Australian Open – Mixed doubles
Venus Williams and Justin Gimelstob defeated Helena Suková and Cyril Suk in the final, 6–2, 6–1 to win the Mixed Doubles title at the 1998 Australian Open.

Manon Bollegraf and Rick Leach were the defending champions, but lost in the first round to Kristine Kunce and Jim Grabb.

Rick Leach
Rick Leach (born December 28, 1964) is a tennis coach and former professional player from the United States. A doubles specialist, he won five Grand Slam doubles titles (three at the Australian Open, one at Wimbledon, and one at the US Open), and four mixed doubles titles (two at the Australian Open, one at Wimbledon, and one at the US Open). He reached the world No. 1 doubles ranking in 1990.

Leach was a member of the US team which won the Davis Cup in 1990. Partnering Jim Pugh, he won the doubles rubbers in all four of the rounds which the US played in that year, and clinched the team's victory in the final with a win over Pat Cash and John Fitzgerald of Australia.

Prior to turning professional, Leach became the first four-time Division 1 All-American in singles and doubles at the University of Southern California (where he played for his father Dick), and won the NCAA doubles title in 1986 and 1987.
Black Fell (Pennines)
Black Fell is a hill in the North Pennines, England. It is located just north of the A686 road, west of Alston and is one of the most northerly parts of the Pennines.

It has a height of 664 m (2,178 ft) and a prominence of 87 m (285 ft), and is classed as a  Simm, Hewitt,  Nuttall, Buxton & Lewis, Bridge, and Clem.

It is on the Pennine watershed: streams on its eastern slopes drain into the River South Tyne and towards the North Sea, while streams on the western slopes drain into the River Eden which flows into the Solway Firth.

The book Mountain Days in the Pennines recommends a "strenuous" circular walk of 18 km (11 mi) over Thack Moor and Black Fell, starting from Renwick, and describes the area as "the soft grassy fells that gather north of the A 686 ... only rarely visited by walkers".

Alston, Cumbria
Alston is a town in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England, within the civil parish of Alston Moor. It is located at about 1,000 feet (300 m) above sea level in the North Pennines, the River South Tyne, and shares the title of 'highest market town in England', with Buxton, Derbyshire. Despite its relative isolation, the town has road connections to the Tyne Gap to the north, Weardale and Teesdale to the south-east, and Penrith to the south-west.

Much of the town centre is a designated conservation area which includes several listed buildings. It was  historically within the county of Cumberland. Alston was historically a centre for mining, with lead, zinc, iron, copper, and coal found in the vicinity.
ACE Bakery
ACE Bakery is a maker of European-style, artisan breads and baked goods. The company, based in Toronto, has some 35 varieties of bread. According to Toronto Life, ACE Bakery's bread is preservative free and from natural starters. In addition to other products, including a line of granola and artisan crisps, marketed across Canada and parts of the United States. Along with breads, ACE Bakery also makes par-baked or partially baked, flash-frozen dough. Founded by a Caledon, Ontario husband and wife, the company is today owned by FGF Brands.

Caledon, Ontario
Caledon (/ˈkælədən/; 2021 population 76,581) is a town in the Regional Municipality of Peel in the Greater Toronto Area of Ontario, Canada. The name comes from a shortened form of Caledonia, the Roman name for what is now Scotland. Caledon is primarily rural with a number of hamlets and small villages, but also contains the larger community of Bolton (population 26,795) in its southeastern quadrant, adjacent to York Region. Some spillover urbanization also occurs in the south bordering the City of Brampton.

Caledon is the northernmost of three municipalities of Peel Region. The town is northwest of Brampton. According to Statistics Canada the land area is 688 km2 (266 sq mi) and, according to the city the area is 696.04 km2 (268.74 sq mi), which makes Caledon the largest municipality by area in the Greater Toronto Area.
Henry Veltmeyer
Henry Veltmeyer is a professor of Sociology and International Development Studies at Saint Mary's University (Halifax), Nova Scotia, Canada. He is a prolific author on matters of Development and Globalization. He is also on faculty at the Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, in the Unidad Académica en Estudios de Desarrollo.

Zed Books
Zed Books is a non-fiction publishing company based in London, UK. It was founded in 1977 under the name Zed Press by Roger van Zwanenberg.

Zed publishes books for an international audience of both general and academic readers, covering areas such as politics and global current affairs, economics, gender studies and sexualities, development studies and the environment.
First Quench Retailing
First Quench Retailing was the largest independent off-licence retail chain in the UK, with around 3,500 shops operating under several retail brands, though all have now been closed. At the time of First Quench's closure, these included the Threshers, Bottoms Up, Drinks Cabin, Haddows, The Local and Wine Rack chains.

Its head office was based in Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire. On 29 October 2009 it was announced that the company had gone into administration.

Welwyn Garden City
Welwyn Garden City (/ˈwɛlɪn/ ⓘ WEL-in) is a town in the Welwyn Hatfield district, in Hertfordshire, England, 20 miles (32 km) north of London. It was the second garden city in England (founded 1920) and one of the first new towns (designated 1948). It is unique in being both a garden city and a new town and exemplifies the physical, social and cultural planning ideals of the periods in which it was built. In 2021 it had a population of 51,505.
Haplogroup D-M174
Haplogroup D1 or D-M174 is a subclade of haplogroup D-CTS3946. This broad lineage of the male-specific portion of the human Y chromosome is found primarily in East Asia, Magar-ethnic Nepal and the Andaman Islands. It is also found regularly with lower frequency in Central Asia, North Asia and Mainland Southeast Asia, and, more rarely, in Europe and West Asia.

Yi people
The Yi or Nuosu people (Nuosu: ꆈꌠ, [nɔ̄sū]; Chinese: 彝族; pinyin: Yízú; see also § Names and subgroups) are an ethnic group in southern China. Numbering nine million people, they are the sixth largest of the 55 ethnic minority groups recognized by the Chinese government. They live primarily in rural areas of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi, usually in mountainous regions. The Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture is home to the largest population of Yi people within China, with two million Yi people in the region. In neighbouring Vietnam, as of 2019, there are 4,827 Lô Lô people (a subgroup of the Yi) living in the Hà Giang, Cao Bằng, and Lào Cai provinces, in the country's north.

The Yi speak various Loloish languages, closely related to Burmese. The prestige variety is Nuosu, which is written in the Yi script.
Susan Var
Susan Var (Persian: سوسن وار, also Romanized as Sūsan Vār) is a village in Qohab-e Rastaq Rural District, Amirabad District, Damghan County, Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 18, in 4 families.

Semnan province
Semnan province (Persian: استان سمنان) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the north of the country. Its capital is the city of Semnan.

The province of Semnan covers an area of 96,816 square kilometers and stretches along the Alborz mountain range, bordering on Kavir desert in its southern parts. The province was made part of Region 1 on 22 June 2014, as the provinces were grouped into 5 regions for coordination and development purposes.
Lucas Kraglievich
Lucas Kraglievich (3 August 1886 – 13 March 1932) was an Argentine vertebrate paleontologist who specialized in the study of South American mammal faunas from the Paleogene, Neogene, and Pleistocene, both from a systematic and stratigraphic perspective.

Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification). It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks.
Stratigraphy has three related subfields: lithostratigraphy (lithologic stratigraphy), biostratigraphy (biologic stratigraphy), and chronostratigraphy (stratigraphy by age).

Several principles and laws come into play when using stratigraphy such as Principle of original horizontality, Law of superposition, Cross-cutting relationships, Principle of inclusions, Principle of faunal succession.