hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ceramic valve
A ceramic valve is a valve with ceramic trim, ball, seat, disc or lining.  A carbon steel or stainless steel body is used to protect the ceramic trim from being damaged by sudden thermal or mechanical shock. Advanced ceramics are used in the manufacture including alumina, zirconia and silicon nitride. Significant benefits of the use of ceramic in valves (when compared to steel or other traditional materials) include resistance to wear and their lower mass. Thanks to the excellent corrosion resistance, abrasive  resistance and wear resistance, ceramic valves are often used in severe corrosive and abrasive applications, such as FGD, and pneumatic refuse conveying systems.

Zirconium dioxide
Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), sometimes known as zirconia (not to be confused with zirconium silicate or zircon), is a white crystalline oxide of zirconium. Its most naturally occurring form, with a monoclinic crystalline structure, is the mineral baddeleyite. A dopant stabilized cubic structured zirconia, cubic zirconia, is synthesized in various colours for use as a gemstone and a diamond simulant.
Flyer News
Flyer News, also known as "fn", is the independent student newspaper of the University of Dayton in Dayton, Ohio. It was first published October 21, 1959 and is now published in print monthly while classes are in session, for a total of nine issues per academic year. Currently, 4,000 copies of each issue are distributed throughout campus. Each issue is typically 12 pages long and includes four sections: news, arts and entertainment, opinions and sports. Flyer News' website is updating weekly with campus, local and national news; editorials, Flyer sports recaps and breaking news.

Campus
A campus traditionally refers to the land and buildings of a college or university. This will often include libraries, lecture halls, student centers and, for residential universities, residence halls and dining halls.

By extension, a corporate campus is a collection of buildings and grounds that belong to a company, particularly in the technology sector. Examples include Bell Labs, the Googleplex and Apple Park.
Formiche di Grosseto
The Formiche di Grosseto ("Ants of Grosseto") is a group of islets which emerge sharply in the Tuscan Archipelago, in front of the city of Grosseto, Italy. They are located in open sea among the coast of the Natural Park of Maremma and Pianosa, approximately 13 nautical miles (24 km) from Porto Santo Stefano on Monte Argentario and 9.4 miles (15.1 km) from Marina di Grosseto; they are part of the comune of Grosseto and are placed in a nature reserve which makes part of a special protection area.

Pianosa
42°34′56″N 10°04′42″E﻿ / ﻿42.58222°N 10.07833°E﻿ / 42.58222; 10.07833

Pianosa (Italian pronunciation: [pjaˈnoːza]) is an island in the Tuscan Archipelago in the Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy. It is about 10.25 km2 (3.96 sq mi) in area, with a coastal perimeter of 26 km (16 mi).
Julien Simon
Julien Simon (born 4 October 1985) is a French former road bicycle racer, who competed as a professional from 2008 to 2024.

In his career, Simon competed for Crédit Agricole (2008), Sojasun (2009–2013), Cofidis (2014–2019), and Team TotalEnergies (2020–2024). He took thirteen professional victories, including a record three victories at both the Grand Prix du Morbihan and the Tour du Finistère, and two stage victories at the 2012 Volta a Catalunya.

Cofidis (cycling team)
Cofidis  (UCI team code: COF) is a French professional road bicycle racing team sponsored by a money-lending company, Cofidis.  It was started in 1996 by Cyrille Guimard, the former manager of Bernard Hinault, Greg LeMond and Laurent Fignon of the Renault–Elf–Gitane team of the 1980s. The team's sponsor has supported the team despite repeated problems such as doping scandals. After it was part of the UCI ProTour for the ProTour's first five seasons, from 2010 the team competed as a UCI Professional Continental team. The team joined the UCI World Tour for the 2020 season.
Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
The Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) is a research-oriented university focused on science and technology that is located in Gwangju, South Korea. GIST is a member of the research-oriented universities group consisting of GIST-KAIST-UNIST-UST-POSTECH-DGIST.

Gwangju
Gwangju (Korean: 광주; Korean: [kwaŋ.dʑu] ⓘ), formerly romanized as Kwangju, is South Korea's sixth-largest metropolis. It is a designated metropolitan city under the direct control of the central government's Home Minister. The city was also the capital of South Jeolla Province until its promotion to a metropolitan city in 2005, upon which the provincial office moved to the southern village of Namak in Muan County.

Its name is composed of the words gwang (Korean: 광; Hanja: 光) meaning "light" and ju (주; 州) meaning "province". Gwangju was historically recorded as Muju (무주; 武州), in which "Silla merged all of the land to establish the provinces of Gwangju, Ungju, Jeonju, Muju and various counties, plus the southern boundary of Goguryeo and the ancient territories of Silla" in the Samguk sagi. In the heart of the agricultural Jeolla region, the city is also famous for its rich and diverse cuisine.
Wonder Wizard
The Wonder Wizard (model number: 7702) is a dedicated first-generation home video game console which was manufactured by Magnavox and released by General Home Products (GHP) in June 1976 only in the United States.

The console features two paddle-based game controllers attached to the system and contains the same circuit board as the Magnavox Odyssey 300 and the same bottom part housing as the Magnavox Odyssey. The paddles are larger than those of the Odyssey 300.

The console had a dealer cost of $39 but initial retail price was set at $60 (compared to the MSRP of the Odyssey 300 at $70).

Paddle (game controller)
A paddle is a game controller with a round wheel and one or more fire buttons, where the wheel is typically used to control movement of the player object along one axis of the video screen. A paddle controller rotates through a fixed arc (usually about 330 degrees); it has a stop at each end.

The name paddle is derived from the first game that used it, Pong,, being a video game simulation of table tennis, whose racquets are commonly called paddles. Even though the simulated paddles appeared on-screen (as small line segments), it was the hand controllers used to move the line segments that actually came to bear the name.

Some famous video games using paddles are Pong, Breakout, and Night Driver.
Clover Forest
Clover Forest is a historic mansion and former plantation house built starting in 1761 and located in Goochland, Virginia. The mansion lies in a large bend of the James River, and is an authentically restored in a Federal-style with portions of the architecture dating to Pre–American Revolutionary Period.

The location of the property is part of what has been called the "Golden Horseshoe", with former plantation houses creating a horseshoe-shape from east to west, including Blythewood, Orapax, Bolling Hall, Pocahontas, Dungeness 1931, Rock Castle, Deer Lodge, Mannsville, Bolling Island, Snowden, Clover Forest, Howard's Neck, Harrison's Elk Hill, and Jefferson's Elk Hill.

Since 2003, Clover Forest operates as a private event venue.

Orapax
Orapax (also spelled Orapakes or Orapaks) served as a significant capital for the Powhatan Confederacy during the early 17th century. This strategic relocation reflected the dynamic interactions between the indigenous Powhatan people and the encroaching English settlers.
Mesudiye, Ordu
Mesudiye, formerly Hamidiye, (in Greek Μεσουδιέ and Μιλάς) is a municipality and district of Ordu Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,046 km2, and its population is 13,221 (2022). The town lies at an elevation of 1,100 m (3,609 ft).

Mesudiye is a large area of hilly countryside, villages and pasture far inland from the Black Sea coast, south-west of the city of Ordu, in the direction of Sivas. This is a low-income district that since the 1950s has seen successive generations migrate away to jobs in Istanbul and elsewhere. Today Mesudiye itself is a small town of 5,600 people and the whole district is sparsely populated, although busier in summer with returning Mesudiye families on vacation. Efforts are being made by the state to boost the local economy including the opening of a college of a higher education college. Mesudiye is a home to sizeable Chepni Turkmen population. also, was capital of Chepni Beylik Hacıemiroğulları.

Beyliks of Canik
Beyliks of Canik (Turkish: Canik beylikleri) was a group of small Turkish principalities in northern Anatolia during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Anthony Bryer connects the toponym Chanik with the name "Chani" which the Laz people call themselves.
Pelotas International Airport
Pelotas–João Simões Lopes Neto International Airport (IATA: PET, ICAO: SBPK) is the airport serving Pelotas, Brazil.

This airport was named after the regional writer João Simões Lopes Neto (1865 — 1916).

It is operated by Motiva.

João Simões Lopes Neto
João Simões Lopes Neto (March 9, 1865 – June 14, 1916) was a Brazilian regionalist writer from Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul.

After some unsuccessful business ventures, Neto married at 27. He only wrote four significant works, but nevertheless made a strong contribution to Brazilian literature, specifically regionalist writing known as Criollismo in Latin America.

Neto died of a perforated ulcer in 1916 at age 51.
Wallkill, Ulster County, New York
Wallkill is a hamlet (and census-designated place), generally identified as coterminous with ZIP Code 12589, telephone exchange 895 in the 845 area code and most of the Wallkill Central School District located mostly in the eastern half of the town of Shawangunk, Ulster County, New York, United States, but partly spilling over into adjacent regions of the Orange County towns of Newburgh and Montgomery. The population was 2,166 at the 2020 census.

The Wallkill and Shawangunk correctional facilities are located in Wallkill. The hamlet's attractions include the Walden–Wallkill Rail Trail, the original Borden Farm (namesake for the area's middle school, John G. Borden Middle School), the Wallkill River, the Magnanini Winery, and for its proximity to the Shawangunk Mountains.

Borden Dairy
Borden Dairy Company is an American dairy processor and distributor headquartered in Dallas, Texas. Established in 2009, the company is a successor to the original Borden Company established in 1857 by Gail Borden. The company is a former subsidiary of Dean Foods.

On January 5, 2020, Borden Dairy Company filed for bankruptcy. "Despite our numerous achievements during the past 18 months, the company continues to be impacted by the rising cost of raw milk and market challenges facing the dairy industry," said CEO Tony Sarsam in a statement. Borden's filing says the company plans to stay in business during the bankruptcy process.
Then We Came to the End
Then We Came to the End is the first novel by Joshua Ferris.  It was released by Little, Brown and Company on March 1, 2007. A satire of the American workplace, it is similar in tone to Don DeLillo's Americana, even borrowing DeLillo's first line for its title.

It takes place in a Chicago advertising agency that is experiencing a downturn at the end of the 1990s Internet boom. Ferris employs a first-person-plural narrative.

Advertising agency
An advertising agency, often referred to as a creative agency or an ad agency, is a business dedicated to creating, planning, and handling advertising and sometimes other forms of promotion and marketing for its clients. An ad agency is generally independent of the client; it may be an internal department or agency that provides an outside point of view to the effort of selling the client's products or services, or an outside firm. An agency can also handle overall marketing and branding strategies and promotions for its clients, which may include sales as well.

Typical ad agency clients include businesses and corporations, non-profit organizations and private agencies. Agencies may be hired to produce television advertisements, radio advertisements, online advertising, out-of-home advertising, mobile marketing, and AR advertising, as part of an advertising campaign.
Deaths in July 2020
The following is a list of notable deaths in July 2020.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

West Bengal Legislative Assembly
The West Bengal Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of West Bengal. It is located in the B. B. D. Bagh area of Kolkata, the capital of the state. Members of the Legislative assembly are directly elected by the people. The legislative assembly comprises 294 Members of Legislative Assembly, all directly elected from single-seat constituencies. Its term is five years, unless sooner dissolved.
Wilbert McIvor
Wilbert McIvor (January 11, 1915 – March 22, 1987) was a Canadian farmer and provincial politician. He was the Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan for the constituency of Arm River, from 1967 until 1971.  As representative of the Arm River riding, he was preceded by Progressive Conservative party leader Martin Pederson and followed by New Democrat Donald Leonard Faris.

He was born on the family homestead near Craik, Saskatchewan and farmed near Girvin. In 1940, McIvor married Faere Old. McIvor was reeve for the rural municipality of Arm River from 1956 to 1968. He also served as vice-president of the Saskatchewan Standard Bred Association. and was defeated by Donald Leonard Faris when he ran for reelection to the provincial assembly in 1971. McIvor died on his farm at the age of 72.

Homestead principle
The homestead principle is the principle by which one gains ownership of an unowned natural resource by performing an act of original appropriation. Appropriation could be enacted by putting an unowned resource to active use (as with using it to produce some product),
joining it with previously acquired property, or by marking it as owned (as with livestock branding).

Homesteading is one of the foundations of Rothbardian anarcho-capitalism and right-libertarianism.
Fauna of Pakistan
Pakistan's native fauna reflect its varied climatic zones. The northern Pakistan, which includes Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit Baltistan, has portions of two biodiversity hotspots, Mountains of Central Asia and Himalayas.

Pothohar Plateau
The Pothohar Plateau (Punjabi: پوٹھوہار پَٹھوار, romanized: Pо̄ṭhoā̀r Paṭhwār; Urdu: سطح مرتفع پوٹھوہار, romanized: Satāh Murtafā Pо̄ṭhohār), also known as the Northern Punjab Plateau, is a plateau within the Sagar Doab of north-western Punjab in Pakistan. It is located between the Indus and Jhelum rivers.
1984 Australian Endurance Championship
The 1984 Australian Endurance Championship was a CAMS sanctioned motor racing competition open to Group C Touring Cars. The championship, which was the fourth Australian Endurance Championship, was contested over a five-round series. Titles were awarded for both Drivers and Makes with Allan Moffat winning the Drivers title and Mazda winning the Makes award.

Motorsport Australia
Motorsport Australia, formerly the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport (CAMS), is the nationally recognised governing and sanctioning body for four-wheeled motorsport in Australia. It is affiliated with the Federation Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA).
Pentacrinites
Pentacrinites is an extinct genus of crinoids that lived from the Hettangian to the Bathonian of Asia, Europe, North America, and New Zealand. Their stems are pentagonal to star-shaped in cross-section and are the most commonly preserved parts. Pentacrinites are commonly found in the Pentacrinites Bed of the Early Jurassic (Lower Lias) of Lyme Regis, Dorset, England. Pentacrinites can be recognized by the extensions (or cirri) all around the stem, which are long, unbranching, and of increasing length further down, the very small cup and 5 long freely branching arms.

Sinemurian
In the geologic timescale, the Sinemurian is an age and stage in the Early or Lower Jurassic Epoch or Series. It spans the time between 199.5 ±0.3 Ma and 192.9 ±0.3 Ma (million years ago). The Sinemurian is preceded by the Hettangian and is followed by the Pliensbachian.

In Europe the Sinemurian age, together with the Hettangian age, saw the deposition of the lower Lias, in Great Britain known as the Blue Lias.
Peter Maes
Peter Maes (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈpeːtər ˈmaːs]; born 1 June 1964) is a Belgian professional football manager and former player.

Prior to Willem II, he also managed Beerschot VA in the Belgian First Division A, KV Mechelen and Genk.

K Beerschot VA
Koninklijke Beerschot Voetbalclub Antwerpen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkoːnəŋkləkə ˈbeːrsxɔt ˈvudbɑlklʏp ˈɑntʋɛrpə(n)]), or simply Beerschot, is a Belgian professional football club located in Antwerp, that competes in the second-tier Challenger Pro League after relegation from top tier in 2024–25 season. In 2013, KFCO Wilrijk decided to integrate the identity of Beerschot AC when they were relegated in the 2012–13 season, not only through their league position but also due to losing their professional licence through financial issues, being officially declared bankrupt on 21 May 2013 and folding shortly afterwards. The club colours are purple and white, they play their games on the club's home ground the Olympic Stadium often referred to as 't Kiel.
Henrik Nerlund
Magnus "Henrik" Erkki Nerlund (August 14, 1978, in Stockholm) is a Swedish architectural historian, author and museum professional.

Nerlund specializes in cultural heritage issues and urban renewal in 20th-century built environments. Since 2014, he has served as secretary and director for the Council for Urban Aesthetics in Stockholm (Skönhetsrådet). Nerlund was appointed by the Swedish government as a member of the board of Moderna Museet (Sweden’s museum of contemporary art and architecture) in 2025. He is Sweden's representative on the scientific committee for 20th-century cultural heritage in the global expert organization ICOMOS.

Urban renewal
Urban renewal, also known as urban regeneration or urban redevelopment, is a set of government or private initiatives aimed at addressing urban decay, upgrading infrastructure, and revitalizing city neighborhoods. Typically, urban renewal involves clearing "blighted" areas, followed by new construction for housing, businesses, and public spaces. While such projects can modernize cities and stimulate economic growth, they are controversial due to frequent displacement of low-income and minority communities, a process known as gentrification.
Siblu
Siblu (formerly Haven Europe) owns and operates 23 large family holiday parks in France and the Netherlands. Siblu's holiday parks are located across Normandy, the Brittany coastline, the west of France, the Loire Valley, the Mediterranean coast, Zeeland and the Wadden Sea. The parks have Dutch, French and English speaking staff and the facilities are aimed at families with a mix of accommodation such as mobile homes and chalets.

The sites are mainly classified 4 stars.

Siblu has two distinct activities: the rental of short or long stays in mobil-homes; The sale of mobile homes on its villages via an integrated turnkey offer, with the possibility of including rental management.

Holiday camp
A holiday camp is a type of holiday accommodation, primarily in the United Kingdom, that encourages holidaymakers to stay within the site boundary, and provides entertainment and facilities for them throughout the day. Since the 1970s, the term has fallen out of favour with terms such as holiday park, resort, holiday village and holiday centre replacing it.

As distinct from camping, accommodation typically consisted of wooden chalets, accommodation buildings arranged individually or in blocks. From the 1960s onward, many camps also added static caravan accommodation, and today, many static caravans are also termed holiday camps.
National Institutes of Health Director's Pioneer Award
National Institutes of Health Director's Pioneer Award is a research initiative first announced in 2004 designed to support individual scientists' biomedical research. The focus is specifically on "pioneering" research that is highly innovative and has a potential to produce paradigm shifting results. 
The awards, made annually from the National Institutes of Health common fund, are each worth $500,000 per year, or $2,500,000 for five years.

Broad Institute
The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (IPA: /broʊd/, pronunciation respelling: BROHD), or the Broad Institute, is a biomedical and genomic research center located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. The institute is independently governed and supported as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit research organization under the name Broad Institute Inc., and it partners with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, and the five Harvard teaching hospitals.
Suchen Christine Lim
Suchen Christine Lim (born 15 July 1948) is a Malaysian-born Singaporean writer. She was the inaugural winner of the Singapore Literature Prize in 1992. She was awarded Singapore's pinnacle arts award, the Cultural Medallion, in 2023.

Ethos Books
Ethos Books is an independent book publisher based in Singapore established in 1997. It is an imprint of Pagesetters Services Pte Ltd, a communications and design house. Ethos Books specialises in publishing literary works of fiction, non-fiction and poetry primarily from writers in Singapore. It has published several award-winning poetry volumes and anthologies by authors such as Felix Cheong, Alvin Pang, Alfian Sa'at, Cyril Wong and Daren Shiau. In recent years, it has published critical works on Singapore studies by scholars and activists such as Cherian George, Loh Kah Seng, Kevin YL Tan, Thum Ping Tjin, and Teo You Yenn.
December 2 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
December 1 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - December 3

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on December 15 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For December 2nd, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on November 19.

Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar
The Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar describes and dictates the rhythm of the life of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Passages of Holy Scripture, saints and events for commemoration are associated with each date, as are many times special rules for fasting or feasting that correspond to the day of the week or time of year in relationship to the major feast days.

There are two types of feasts in the Orthodox Church calendar: fixed and movable. Fixed feasts occur on the same calendar day every year, whereas movable feasts change each year. The moveable feasts are generally relative to Pascha (Easter), and so the cycle of moveable feasts is referred to as the Paschal cycle.
Princess Henriette of Nassau-Weilburg
Princess Henriëtte of Nassau-Weilburg, then of Nassau (22 April 1780, in Kirchheimbolanden – 2 January 1857, in Kirchheim unter Teck) was a German duchess. She was a daughter of Prince Charles Christian and Carolina of Orange-Nassau, daughter of William IV, Prince of Orange.

William IV, Prince of Orange
William IV (Willem Karel Hendrik Friso; 1 September 1711 – 22 October 1751) was Prince of Orange from birth and the first hereditary stadtholder of all the United Provinces of the Netherlands from 1747 until his death in 1751.