hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rib Mountain (Ontario)
Rib Mountain is a mountain that straddles the border between the municipalities of Latchford, Timiskaming District and Temagami, Nipissing District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It divides Friday Lake on the east and Rib Lake on the west.

Latchford, Ontario
Latchford is a single-tier municipality town in Timiskaming District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is located on Bay Lake on the Montreal River, near the town of Cobalt and the municipality of Temagami, and is 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the city of Temiskaming Shores. The population of the town in the 2021 Canadian census was 355. The town's slogan is "The Best Little Town by a Dam Site!"
Biconditional introduction
In propositional logic, biconditional introduction is a valid rule of inference. It allows for one to infer a biconditional from two conditional statements. The rule makes it possible to introduce a biconditional statement into a logical proof. If  is true, and if  is true, then one may infer that  is true. For example, from the statements "if I'm breathing, then I'm alive" and "if I'm alive, then I'm breathing", it can be inferred that "I'm breathing if and only if I'm alive". Biconditional introduction is the converse of biconditional elimination. The rule can be stated formally as:

where the rule is that wherever instances of "" and "" appear on lines of a proof, "" can validly be placed on a subsequent line.

Material conditional
The material conditional (also known as material implication) is a binary operation commonly used in logic. When the conditional symbol  is interpreted as material implication, a formula  is true unless  is true and  is false.

Material implication is used in all the basic systems of classical logic as well as some nonclassical logics. It is assumed as a model of correct conditional reasoning within mathematics and serves as the basis for commands in many programming languages. However, many logics replace material implication with other operators such as the strict conditional and the variably strict conditional. Due to the paradoxes of material implication and related problems, material implication is not generally considered a viable analysis of conditional sentences in natural language.
Silence (TV series)
Silence (traditional Chinese: 深情密碼; simplified Chinese: 深情密码; pinyin: Shen Qing Mi Ma) is a 2006 Taiwanese drama starring Vic Chou, Park Eun-hye, Andy Hui, Megan Lai, and Kingone Wang. It was produced by Comic Ritz International Production and Chai Zhiping and Hsiao Dingyi as producers and directed by Zhang Zhongyi. The series premiered in Taiwan on free-to-air China Television (CTV) from May 21, 2006, to September 24, 2006, every Sunday at 22:00. It was also shown on cable TV Eastern Television (ETTV).

Eastern Broadcasting Company
Eastern Broadcasting Company (EBC; Chinese: 東森電視; pinyin: Dōngsēn Diànshì), originally called Eastern Television (ETTV), is a nationwide cable television network in Taiwan that is operated by the Eastern Broadcasting Group. ETTV began channel syndications in the United States in 2003 under the name of ETTV America. In November 2015, Eastern Television renamed as Eastern Broadcasting Company.
Yermakhan Ibraimov
Yermakhan Ibraimov (born 1 January 1972 in Jambyl Region) is a Kazakh boxer who competed in the Light Middleweight (71 kg) at the 2000 Summer Olympics and won the gold medal. Four years earlier, at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, he got a bronze medal. He also won a bronze at the 1999 World Amateur Boxing Championships in Houston, Texas, and a silver at the previous edition in Budapest. His first coach is Bakshar Karsybaev. After his competitive career, Ibraimov worked to support youth sport in Kazakhstan.

Jambyl Region
Jambyl Region, formerly named Dzhambul Region until 1991, is a region of Kazakhstan. The population of the region is 1,209,665 Its administrative center is Taraz, with a population of 335,100. To the south the region borders Kyrgyzstan and nearly borders Uzbekistan in the southwest. Jambyl also borders three other provinces of Kazakhstan: Karaganda Region (to the north), Turkistan Region (to the west), and Almaty Region (to the east). The total area is 144,200 square kilometres (55,700 mi2). The province borders Lake Balkhash to its northeast. The province (and its capital during the Soviet era) was named after the Kazakh akyn (folk singer) Jambyl Jabayev.
Vastseliina Castle
Vastseliina Castle (Estonian: Vastseliina piiskopilinnus; German: Neuhausen) was a castle of the Livonian Order, Bishopric of Dorpat. It was constructed by 1342 by the Landmeister Burkhard von Dreileben as part of the border fortifications of Old Livonia against Novgorod, Pskov and later Moscow.

Nowadays the ruins of the castle are located near Vastseliina (in the village of Vana-Vastseliina), Võru Parish, Võru County, Estonia.

Võru County
Võru County (Estonian: Võru maakond or Võrumaa; Võro: Võro maakund) is a county in southern Estonia. It is bordered by Valga and Põlva counties, Latvia's Alūksne and Ape municipalities, and Russia's Pskov Oblast (making it the only Estonian county to border two countries).

The territory of Võrumaa covers 2,305 km2 (890 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. In 2022, Võru County had a population of 34,182, 2.6% of the total population in Estonia. The county is subdivided into 12 rural municipalities and one urban municipality, the county capital, Võru.
Heel effect
In X-ray tubes, the heel effect or, more precisely, the anode heel effect is a variation of the intensity of X-rays emitted by the anode depending on the direction of emission along the anode-cathode axis. X-rays emitted toward the anode are less intense than those emitted perpendicular to the cathode–anode axis or toward the cathode. The effect stems from the absorption of X-ray photons before they leave the anode in which they are produced. The probability of absorption depends on the distance the photons travel within the anode material, which in turn depends on the angle of emission relative to the anode surface.

X-ray tube
An X-ray tube is a vacuum tube that converts electrical input power into X-rays. The availability of this controllable source of X-rays created the field of radiography, the imaging of partly opaque objects with penetrating radiation. In contrast to other sources of ionizing radiation, X-rays are only produced as long as the X-ray tube is energized. X-ray tubes are also used in CT scanners, airport luggage scanners, X-ray crystallography, material and structure analysis, and for industrial inspection.

Increasing demand for high-performance computed tomography (CT) scanning and angiography systems has driven development of very high-performance medical X-ray tubes.
St Johns, London
St Johns is a district around the station of the same name in south-east London. It lies within the Borough of Lewisham and borders the Royal Borough of Greenwich. It makes up the northwestern part of Lewisham along with Telegraph Hill.

St John's is noted for its mid 19th-century housing, constructed as Deptford New Town, and protected as the Brookmill Road and St John's Conservation Areas since 1972 and 1976 respectively. It was also the site in 1957 of one of Britain's worst railway disasters.

Lewisham rail crash
On the evening of 4 December 1957, two trains crashed in dense fog on the South Eastern Main Line near Lewisham in south-east London, causing the deaths of 90 people and injuring 173. An electric train to Hayes had stopped at a signal under a rail bridge, and the following steam train to Ramsgate crashed into it, destroying a carriage and causing the bridge to collapse onto the steam train. The bridge had to be completely removed; it was over a week before the lines under the bridge were reopened, and another month before the bridge was rebuilt and traffic allowed over it.

The driver of the Ramsgate train was acquitted of manslaughter charges after two trials. The Ministry of Transport report found that he had failed to slow down after passing two caution signals, so he was unable to stop at the danger signal, concluding that the use of an Automatic Warning System would have prevented the collision.
HMS Aid
Two ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Aid:

Aid (1562) was an 18-gun ship launched in 1562, rebuilt in 1580 and broken up in 1599.

HMS Aid (1809) was a 10-gun transport launched in 1809. She was used as a survey ship from 1817, was renamed HMS Adventure in 1821 and was sold in 1853.

English ship Aid (1562)
Aid or Ayde was an 18-gun ship of the Royal Navy.  She was built at Deptford Dockyard, being launched on 6 October 1562. She was rebuilt in 1580 and was broken up in 1599.  For the majority of her service, she was commanded by Sir Martin Frobisher.
Hank Wilson, Vol. II
Hank Wilson Vol. II is an album by singer and songwriter Leon Russell singing as Hank Wilson. The album was recorded in 1981 at Russell's Paradise Studios in Burbank, California. The album was produced by Russell.

There were two vinyl LP released of this album, Hank Wilson Vol. II, one in 1982 and one in 1984. The 1982 cover's original art, a self portrait of Leon Russell, is located at Russel's former recording studio The Church Studio. The two Hank Wilson Vol. II vinyl LP albums have different track listings and different cover photos. The 1982 version has artwork of Russell with eyes closed and a microphone to his lips. The 1984 cover has him standing with his guitar. Hank Wilson Vol. II was re-released on CD on October 23, 2001.  The 1982 release was sold in limited quality at Russell's live shows.

The Church Studio
The Church Studio is a recording studio in the Pearl District of Tulsa, Oklahoma established in 1972 by musician, songwriter, and producer Leon Russell. Located in a converted church building, the studio has since been cited as being the heart of the Tulsa Sound.
Bitch (Rolling Stones song)
"Bitch" is a song recorded by the English rock band the Rolling Stones. Written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, "Bitch" is a "hard-bitten rocker" featuring Jagger on vocals and a powerful horn line. It was released as the B-side to the advance single, "Brown Sugar", from their ninth British and eleventh American studio album, Sticky Fingers. It was originally released one week before the album. Despite not being used as an official single by itself, the tune has garnered major airplay from AOR radio stations. The song was recorded in October 1970 at London's Olympic Studios, and at Stargroves using the Rolling Stones Mobile studio.

Jimmy Miller
Jimmy Miller (March 23, 1942 – October 22, 1994) was an American record producer and musician.  While he produced albums for dozens of different bands and artists, he is known primarily for his work with several key musical acts of the 1960s and 1970s.

Miller rose to prominence working with the various bands of vocalist Steve Winwood (including Spencer Davis Group, Traffic, and Blind Faith).  His best acclaimed work was his late 1960s-early 1970s work with the Rolling Stones for whom he produced a string of singles and albums that rank among the most critically and financially successful works of the band's career: Beggars Banquet (1968), Let It Bleed (1969), Sticky Fingers (1971), Exile on Main St. (1972) and Goats Head Soup (1973). In the late 1970s, he began working with Motörhead and continued to produce until his death in 1994.
Hamoud bin Abdullah al-Harthi
Sheikh Hamoud bin Abdullah al-Harthi was a prominent politician from Oman.

Al-Harthi was born about 1940 in al-Mudayrib in the al-Sharqiyah region. He was from Hirth tribe. He attended school in Zanzibar Sultanate and studied law in Cairo and Baghdad University. He later worked in Kuwait and then for the ministry of electricity and water in Abu Dhabi.

Al-Harthi returned to Oman in 1971 for government employment. First, he worked as the director of legal affairs in ministries and held several ministerial positions. He was appointed the chairman of the Consultative Assembly from 28 October 1983	to 1991.

Al-Harthi was appointed the Minister of Justice, Awqaf and Islamic Affairs in February 1991. He was then appointed the chairman of the Council of State of Oman in December 1997. He served in that role until his death on 1 March 2004.

Ash Sharqiyah Region (Oman)
Ash-Sharqiyyah Region (Arabic: ٱلْمِنْطَقَة ٱلشَّرْقِيَّة, romanized: Al-Minṭaqah Ash-Sharqiyyah, lit. 'The Eastern Region') was the eastern minṭaqah (region) of the Sultanate of Oman. The capital of Ash-Sharqiyyah was Sur. On 28 October 2011 Ash Sharqiyah Region was split into Ash Sharqiyah North Governorate and Ash Sharqiyah South Governorate.

Ash Sharqiyah Region consisted of eleven provinces (Wilāyāt): Sur, Ibra, Al-Mudhaibi, Al-Kamil Wal-Wafi, Jalan Bani Bu Hassan, Jalan Bani Bu Ali, Wadi Bani Khalid, Dema Wa Thaieen, Bidiya, Al-Qabil, and Massirah. The main cities are Sur and Ibra.
Ivar Geelmuyden
Ivar Christian Sommerschild Geelmuyden (8 April 1819 – 21 May 1875) was a Norwegian politician.

He was the son of Hans Geelmuyden, and brother of Christian Torber Hegge Geelmuyden. He was the uncle of Marie Geelmuyden, first Norwegian woman to receive a degree in science.

He enrolled as a student in 1837 and graduated as cand.mag. in 1837. He worked as a teacher in Christiania before moving to Fredrikshald in 1852. While living here he was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1857, representing the constituency of Fredrikshald.

In 1862 he was hired as a school principal in Bergen. He was elected from his city to the Norwegian Parliament in 1865, 1868, 1871 and 1874. He served as mayor of Bergen from 1867 to 1868 and 1873 to 1875.

He died in 1875.

Halden
Halden (pronounced [ˈhɑ̀ɫdn̩] ⓘ), between 1665 and 1928 known as Fredrikshald, is both a town and a municipality in Østfold county, Norway. The municipality borders Sarpsborg to the northwest, Rakkestad to the north and Aremark to the east, as well as the Swedish municipalities Strömstad, Tanum and Dals-Ed respectively to the southwest, south and southeast.

The seat of the municipality, Halden is a border town located at the mouth of the Tista river on the Iddefjord, the southernmost border crossing between Norway and Sweden. The town of Halden is located about 120 km (75 mi) south of Oslo, 190 km (120 mi) north of Gothenburg, and 12 km (7.5 mi) west of the border crossing at Svinesund.
2016 Empire Slovak Open – Doubles
Yuliya Beygelzimer and Margarita Gasparyan were the defending champions, but Gasparyan chose to participate in Rome instead. Beygelzimer partnered Misa Eguchi, but lost in the first round.

Anna Kalinskaya and Tereza Mihalíková won the title, defeating Evgeniya Rodina and Anastasija Sevastova in the final, 6–1, 7–6(7–4).

Anastasija Sevastova
Anastasija Sevastova (born 13 April 1990) is a Latvian professional tennis player. She achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 11 in October 2018, after reaching a Premier Mandatory final at the China Open. Sevastova has won four singles titles on the WTA Tour, as well as 13 singles and four doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

Sevastova is best known for her success at the US Open, particularly during the second half of her career. In 2016, she defeated the reigning French Open champion and world No. 3, Garbiñe Muguruza, as well as Australian Open semifinalist Johanna Konta, en route to her first major quarterfinal. In 2018, she reached her first major semifinal, defeating defending champion and world No. 3, Sloane Stephens (whom she had lost to at that same stage in 2017), in the quarterfinals, before losing to Serena Williams.
Curutchet House
The Curutchet House, La Plata, Argentina, is a building by Le Corbusier. It was commissioned by Dr. Pedro Domingo Curutchet, a surgeon, in 1948 and included a small medical office on the ground floor.   The house consists of four main levels with a courtyard between the house and the clinic.  The building faces the Paseo del Bosque park.  The main facade incorporates a brise soleil.

Brise soleil
Brise soleil, sometimes brise-soleil (French: [bʁiz sɔlɛj]; lit. 'sun breaker'), is an architectural feature of a building that reduces its heat gain by deflecting incoming sunlight. The system allows low-level sunlight to enter a building in the mornings, evenings and during winter but cuts out direct light during summer.
November 1956 lunar eclipse
A total lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Sunday, November 18, 1956, with an umbral magnitude of 1.3172. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's shadow is smaller. Occurring about 3.4 days before perigee (on November 21, 1956, at 16:45 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

This lunar eclipse was the second of an almost tetrad, with the others being on May 24, 1956 (partial); May 13, 1957 (total); and November 7, 1957 (total).

Tetrad (astronomy)
In astronomy, a tetrad is a set of four total lunar eclipses within two consecutive years.

The frequency of tetrads varies by century with the frequency of total lunar eclipses. This repeating cycle is called a tetradia. See Eclipse cycle for more information.
Christian Fredrikson
Christian Fredrikson (born 1964 in Finland) is the President and CEO at F-Secure Corporation, an anti-virus and computer security and computer software company based in Helsinki, Finland.

Christian Fredrikson started on his position on January 16, 2012. Previously, Fredrikson worked at Nokia Siemens Networks, where he was responsible for global sales of the Network Systems business unit. He has also been Head of the Asia Pacific Region and Head of OBS Business Unit (Operation and Business Software) at Nokia Siemens Networks.

F-Secure
F-Secure Corporation is a global cyber security and privacy company, which has its headquarters in Helsinki, Finland. F-Secure develops and sells antivirus, VPN, password management, and other consumer cyber security products and services for computers, mobile devices, smart TVs and internet of things devices. The company also offers several free-to-use tools on its website.

In 2022, F-Secure announced a demerger of its corporate and consumer businesses: the corporate business branch was renamed to WithSecure.
Schwartz sign
Schwartz sign, also known as Flemingo's pink sign, is a diagnostic indicator for otosclerosis, a disease of the bones of the middle or inner ear.

In clinical examination of the ear drum, increased vascularity of the promontory may be seen through the ear drum.  This sign is known as Flemingo's flush sign or Schwartz's sign.  This indicates otospongiosis (active otosclerosis).

In about 10% of cases of otosclerosis, there is a redness of the promontory of the cochlea seen through the tympanic membrane due to prominent vascularity associated with an otospongiotic focus. Be aware of the similar, Brown's sign. This is a red retro-tympanic bulge that blanches on pressure via pneumatic otoscopy. This is secondary to paragangliomata of the middle ear.

Eardrum
In the anatomy of humans and various other tetrapods, the eardrum, also called the tympanic membrane or myringa, is a thin, cone-shaped membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear. Its function is to transmit changes in pressure of sound from the air to the ossicles inside the middle ear, and thence to the oval window in the fluid-filled cochlea. The ear thereby converts and amplifies vibration in the air to vibration in cochlear fluid. The malleus bone bridges the gap between the eardrum and the other ossicles.

Rupture or perforation of the eardrum can lead to conductive hearing loss. Collapse or retraction of the eardrum can cause conductive hearing loss or cholesteatoma.
Klima (application)
Klima is a carbon offsetting mobile application created by Climate Labs GmbH with headquarters in Berlin. The company was formed in 2019 and is the third to have been founded jointly by serial entrepreneurs Markus Gilles, Andreas Pursian-Ehrlich, and Jonas Brandau. Klima's mission is "to turn carbon neutrality into a mass movement and unleash the power of individual action at scale."

In 2020, Klima raised $5.8 million in a seed funding round backed by Christian Reber (co-founder and CEO of Pitch), Jens Begemann, Niklas Jansen (co-founder and managing director of Blinkist), e.ventures, HV Holtzbrinck Ventures, and 468 Capital.

The Klima app launched on the App Store and Google Store in December 2020. It is currently available worldwide on iOS and Android.

Headline (company)
Headline, formerly e.ventures and BV Capital, is a global and data-driven venture capital firm investing across stages and sectors, from direct-to-consumer to deep tech and software. It was founded in 1998 in Santa Barbara, California and has since grown to invest in four different regions worldwide: United States, Europe, Asia and Latin America. The firm has its headquarters in San Francisco, California, with additional offices in Berlin and Hamburg, Germany; Paris, France; London, United Kingdom; Tokyo, Japan; Taipei, Taiwan and São Paulo, Brazil.
Shasta (drink)
Shasta Beverages is an American soft drink manufacturer that markets a value-priced soft drink line with a wide variety of soda flavors, as well as a few drink mixers, under the brand name Shasta. The company name is derived from Mount Shasta in northern California and the associated Shasta Springs.

Sucralose
Sucralose is an artificial sweetener and sugar substitute. In the European Union, it is also known under the E number E955. It is produced by chlorination of sucrose, selectively replacing three of the hydroxy groups—in the C1 and C6 positions of the fructose portion and the C4 position of the glucose portion—to give a 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxyfructose–4-chloro-4-deoxygalactose disaccharide. Sucralose is about 600 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar), 3 times as sweet as both aspartame and acesulfame potassium, and 2 times as sweet as sodium saccharin.

The commercial success of sucralose-based products stems from its favorable comparison to other low-calorie sweeteners in terms of taste, stability, and safety.
Gatsby: An American Myth
Gatsby: An American Myth is a stage musical with music by Florence Welch and Thomas Bartlett, lyrics by Welch, and a book by Martyna Majok, based on the 1925 novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald.

When the project was first announced in 2021, the initial press release quoted Welch, best known as lead singer for Florence + the Machine, as saying, "This book has haunted me for a large part of my life. It contains some of my favourite lines in literature. Musicals were my first love, and I feel a deep connection to Fitzgerald’s broken romanticism."

Martyna Majok
Martyna Majok (/ˈmaɪoʊk/ MY-ohk) is a Polish-born American playwright who received the 2018 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for her play Cost of Living. She emigrated to the United States as a child and grew up in New Jersey. Majok studied playwriting at the Yale School of Drama and Juilliard School. Her plays are often politically engaged, feature dark humor, and experiment with structure and time.

Her breakthrough came with the play Ironbound (2014). As her work gained wider acclaim and recognition, Majok, who has a diverse writing style, debuted Cost of Living (2016), Queens (2018), and Sanctuary City (2021). She adapted The Great Gatsby for the musical "Gatsby: An American Myth," with Florence Welch and Thomas Bartlett writing music.

Martyna lives in Manhattan with her partner, actor Bobby Conte.