hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Western tailed-blue
The western tailed-blue (Cupido amyntula) is a Nearctic non-migratory butterfly that commonly takes flight during the spring and summer seasons of March–July. They can be best classified as having a presence of a tail on their hindwing, an upper surface that's bluish while the under surface is chalky-white with occasional black spots, and an orange spot toward the base of their tail. Their wingspan ranges from 0.875 to 1.125 inches (2.2 to 2.9 cm). Larvae feed on various plant species including Astragalus (several species), Lathyrus (several species), Oxytropis, and Vicia (several species). Adults feed on various things such as flower nectar, horse and coyote manure, urine, and mud.

Astragalus (plant)
Astragalus is a large genus of over 3,000 species of herbs and small shrubs, belonging to the legume family Fabaceae and the subfamily Faboideae. It is the largest genus of plants in terms of described species. The genus is native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Common names include milkvetch (most species), locoweed (in North America, some species) and goat's-thorn (A. gummifer, A. tragacantha). Some pale-flowered vetches (Vicia spp.) are similar in appearance, but they are more vine-like than Astragalus.
Northern Illinois Huskies wrestling
The Northern Illinois Huskies wrestling team represents Northern Illinois University (NIU) in DeKalb, Illinois. NIU wrestling started competing in 1931 and currently competes in the Mid-American Conference (MAC). NIU wrestling has produced two NCAA Champions, three NAIA Champions, and currently holds a 51-year streak (1972–present) of sending at least one NCAA qualifier to the NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships. The Huskies are coached by Ryan Ludwig.

Northern Illinois University
Northern Illinois University (NIU) is a public research university in DeKalb, Illinois, United States. It was founded as "Northern Illinois State Normal School" in 1895 by Illinois Governor John P. Altgeld, initially to provide the state with college-educated teachers. In addition to the main campus in DeKalb, it has satellite centers in Chicago, Naperville, Rockford, and Oregon, Illinois.

The university is composed of seven degree-granting colleges and has a student body of approximately 16,000. NIU is one of seven public universities in Illinois that compete in NCAA Division I. The athletic teams are known as the Huskies and compete in the Mid-American Conference (MAC).
Garraf (Sitges)
Garraf (Catalan pronunciation: [ɡəˈraf]) is a small seaside village located between Sitges and Castelldefels, in the Garraf comarca, Catalonia, Spain, surrounded by the area of the Garraf Natural Park.

Garraf
41°19′N 1°49′E﻿ / ﻿41.317°N 1.817°E﻿ / 41.317; 1.817

Garraf (Catalan pronunciation: [ɡəˈraf]), is a comarca (county) in the Penedès region in Catalonia, Spain. It is named after the Garraf Massif. The capital is the city of Vilanova i la Geltrú.

The GR 92 long-distance footpath, which roughly follows the length of the Mediterranean coast of Spain, has a staging point at Garraf. Stage 21 links northwards to Bruguers, a distance of 15.6 kilometres (9.7 mi), whilst stage 22 links southwards to Vilanova i la Geltrú, a distance of 22.0 kilometres (13.7 mi).
Miami RedHawks men's basketball
The Miami RedHawks men's basketball team (known as the Miami Redskins until 1997) is the intercollegiate men's basketball program representing Miami University. The school competes in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The RedHawks play home basketball games at Millett Hall in Oxford, Ohio on the university campus. Miami has reached the NCAA Championship's Sweet Sixteen four times and has been the MAC regular season champions 18 times. The RedHawks have appeared in the NCAA Tournament 17 times, most recently in 2007. The team is currently coached by Travis Steele.

In May 2013, the Ohio Basketball Hall of Fame inducted 11 players and coaches who starred in the state, including Miami's Wayne Embry, Randy Ayers, Ron Harper and Wally Szczerbiak.

Oxford, Ohio
Oxford is a city in Butler County, Ohio, United States. The population was 23,035 at the 2020 census. A college town, Oxford was founded in 1810 to serve as the home of Miami University. The city lies in southwestern Ohio roughly 4 miles (6.4 km) from the Indiana–Ohio border, approximately 30 miles (48 km) northwest of Cincinnati and 35 miles (56 km) southwest of Dayton.
Pat Hewson
Patrick Carroll "Pat" Hewson (2 June 1926 - 28 March 2017) was an English footballer who played as a full-back.

Hewson played in The Football League for Gateshead between 1953 and 1958 after a spell at West Bromwich Albion. He was also on the books at Northern League side Crook Town earlier in his career.

Northern Football League
The Northern League is a British men's football league in north east England. Having been founded in 1889, it is the second-oldest football league in the world still in existence after the English Football League.

It contains two divisions; Division One and Division Two. Division One sits on the ninth tier of the English football league system, five divisions below the Football League. These leagues cover the historic counties of Durham, Northumberland, Cumberland, Westmorland and Yorkshire's North Riding. The champion club of Division One is promoted to the lower division of the Northern Premier League.
Catocala desdemona
Catocala desdemona, the Desdemona underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Henry Edwards in 1882. It is found in Utah and Arizona, ranging south into New Mexico and Texas, and onwards through Mexico up to Honduras.

It was formerly considered to be a subspecies of Catocala delilah.

The wingspan is 60–65 mm. Adults are on wing from May to June depending on the location. There is probably one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Quercus gambeli, Quercus macrocarpus and Salix.

Quercus gambelii
Quercus gambelii, with the common name Gambel oak, is a deciduous small tree or large shrub that is widespread in the foothills and lower mountains of western North America. It is also regionally called scrub oak, oak brush, and white oak.

The common and scientific names, Gambel oak and Quercus gambelii, were named after the American naturalist William Gambel (1821–1849).
Lexington Financial Center
The Lexington Financial Center, locally known as "Fifth Third" or the "Big Blue Building", is a 357,361-square-foot (33,199.9 m2), 410-foot (120 m), 31-floor high-rise in Lexington, Kentucky. It is located between Vine Street and Main Street at South Mill Street. Its exterior features blue tinted glass that has become an identifying symbol for the downtown.

It was originally proposed as a 26-story skyscraper in 1984 across from the Vine Center and replaced the failed project, the Galleria.

$7.5 million in state aid was announced by then-Governor Martha Layne Collins towards the construction of a six-level parking structure that would serve Triangle Center and the Lexington Financial Center.

Construction was completed in 1987. Upon completion, it housed the Webb Company, the Bank of Lexington, Sherman, Carter, Barnhart Architects and a law firm. Today, it houses the Fifth Third Bank among other financial institutions, including Kentucky Employers' Mutual Insurance

Festival marketplace
A festival marketplace is a  shopping market in the United States which uses a mix of local tenants instead of regional or national chain stores, shop stalls and common areas to energize the space, and uncomplicated architectural ornaments to highlight the goods. Festival marketplaces were a leading strategy for revitalization of downtowns in American cities during the 1970s and 1980s.
Marcel Roth
Marcel Roth is a Swiss retired slalom canoeist who competed from the late 1950s to the late 1960s. He won three bronze medals in the C-1 team event at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships, earning them in 1959, 1961 and 1963.

1963 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 1963 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held in Spittal an der Drau, Austria under the auspices of International Canoe Federation. It was the 8th edition. The women's folding K1 team event resumed after being absent from the program at 1961 championships.
Center for the Book
The Library of Congress's Center for the Book was founded in 1977 by Daniel J. Boorstin, the Librarian of Congress, to promote literacy, libraries, and reading and an understanding of the history and heritage of American literature. The Center for the Book is mainly supported by tax-deductible donations.

Donation
A donation is a gift for charity, humanitarian aid, or to benefit a cause. A donation may take various forms, including money, alms, services, or goods such as clothing, toys, food, or vehicles. A donation may satisfy medical needs such as blood or organs for transplant.

Charitable donations of goods or services are also called gifts in kind.
Richard Tempest
Sir Richard Tempest (about 1480 – 25 August 1537) was an English landowner, courtier, soldier, administrator and legislator under Kings Henry VII and Henry VIII who was imprisoned after joining the Pilgrimage of Grace and died in jail.

Pilgrimage of Grace
The Pilgrimage of Grace was an English Catholic popular revolt beginning in Yorkshire in October 1536 before spreading to other parts of Northern England, including Cumberland, Northumberland, Durham and north Lancashire. The protests occurred under the leadership of Robert Aske. The "most serious of all Tudor period rebellions", the Pilgrimage was a revolt against King Henry VIII's break with the Catholic Church, the dissolution of the lesser monasteries, and the policies of the King's chief minister, Thomas Cromwell, as well as other specific political, social, and economic grievances.

Following the suppression of the short-lived Lincolnshire Rising of 1536, the traditional historical view portrays the Pilgrimage as "a spontaneous mass protest of the conservative elements in the North of England angry with the religious upheavals instigated by King Henry VIII". Historians have observed that there were contributing economic factors.
Joseph R. Applegate
Joseph Roye Applegate (December 4, 1925 – October 18, 2003) was an American linguist. He was the first black faculty member at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in 1955. In the 1960s, he started working at Howard University and became a professor emeritus of African Studies and it was there that he started the nation's first Ph.D. program in African Studies.

African studies
African studies is the study of Africa, especially the continent's cultures and societies (as opposed to its geology, geography, zoology, etc.). The field includes the study of Africa's history (pre-colonial, colonial, post-colonial), demography (ethnic groups), culture, politics, economy, languages, and religion (Islam, Christianity, traditional religions). A specialist in African studies is often referred to as an "Africanist".

Africanists argue that there is a need to "deexoticize" Africa and banalise it, rather than understand Africa as exceptionalized and exoticized. African scholars, in recent times, have focused on decolonizing African studies, and reconfiguring it to reflect the African experience through an African lens.
Zadniki
Zadniki (pronounced [ˈzaːdniki]) is a settlement west of Sveti Gregor in the Municipality of Ribnica in southern Slovenia. It includes three hamlets: Zadniki, Mlake, and Avžlah. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Municipality of Ribnica
The Municipality of Ribnica (pronounced [ˈɾiːbnitsa] ⓘ; Slovene: Občina Ribnica) is a municipality in southern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Ribnica. It is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Archaeological evidence shows that the area has been settled at least since the late Bronze Age between 1300 and 900 BC.
Fissurina (foraminifera)
Fissurina is a genus of unilocular (single chambered) calcareous forams, similar in general form to Lagena, but included in the nodosarioidean family Ellipsolagenidae, Lagenida.

Fissurina has a small shell (test) that is rounded to egg-shaped in outline and lens-like in cross-section, sometimes edged with one or more sharp ridges (keels). The wall is made of clear calcium carbonate with very fine pores; the surface is smooth and dotted with tiny pits that can be scattered or arranged in rows. The opening (aperture) sits at the tip in a shallow groove and ranges from oval to a slit. Inside, a thin tube (the entosolenian tube) extends from the opening; it can run down the centre or curve to one side and attach to the inner wall. Fissurina is known from the Cretaceous to the present (Holocene), i.e., from about 145 million years ago to today.

Test (biology)
In biology, a test is the hard shell of some spherical aquatic animals and protists, notably sea urchins and microorganisms such as testate foraminiferans, radiolarians, and testate amoebae. The term is also applied to the covering of scale insects. The related Latin term testa is used for the outer layer of the hard seed coat of plant seeds.
Leenaun Hill
Leenaun Hill (Irish: An Meall Dubh, meaning 'black knoll') at 618 metres (2,028 ft), is the 201st–highest peak in Ireland on the Arderin scale, and the 243rd–highest peak on the Vandeleur-Lynam scale.  Leenaun Hill lies on a massif that overlooks Leenaun village and Killary Harbour, and which is at the far northeastern sector of the Maumturks mountain range in the Connemara National Park in County Galway, Ireland; this massif is connected to the main range via the "Col of Despondency".  Leenaun Hill is the 6th-highest mountain in the Maumturks, and its grassy massif, constructed from sandstone and siltstone, contrasts with the rocky ridges and summits constructed from quartzites, grits, and graphitic, of the middle and southern sectors of the range.

Maumturks
The Maumturks or Maamturks (Irish: Sléibhte Mhám Toirc; mountains of the boar's pass) is a mountain range in Connemara, County Galway, in the west of Ireland. It is a long, broadly-straight range, consisting of weathered quartzite peaks in its central section. The Maumturks lie east of the Twelve Bens, on the other side of Lough Inagh and the Inagh Valley (a Western Way route).
Read Creek
Read Creek is a river in Delaware County, New York. It drains Merrick Pond and flows east until it meets the unnamed creek that drains Trask Pond, then begins flowing south receiving its other tributaries before converging with the East Branch Delaware River northeast of Fishs Eddy.

Delaware County, New York
Delaware County is a county located in the US state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 44,308.  The county seat is Delhi. The county is named after the Delaware River, which was named in honor of Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, appointed governor of Virginia in 1609. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.
Valle del Jerte
Valle del Jerte is a comarca and mancomunidad in the province of Cáceres, Spain.  It contains the following municipalities:

Barrado

Cabezuela del Valle

Cabrero

Casas del Castañar

El Torno

Jerte

Navaconcejo

Piornal

Rebollar

Tornavacas

Valdastillas

Tornavacas
Tornavacas is a municipality located in the province of Cáceres, in the autonomous community of Extremadura, Spain. The municipality covers an area of 595 square kilometres (230 sq mi) and as of 2011 had a population of 1170 people.
Girdhari Lal Dogra
Girdhari Lal (17 July 1915 – 27 November 1987) was an Indian politician from Jammu and Kashmir, belonging to the National Conference and later the Indian National Congress. He was a member of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly, and served as Finance minister of the state for 26 years. He was also a member of the Lok Sabha (the lower house of the Indian Parliament), elected from the Jammu–Poonch constituency and the Udhampur constituency.  He was known as "The People’s man".

Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly
The Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly (Dogri: 𑠑𑠢𑠹𑠢𑠰 𑠙𑠳 𑠊𑠧𑠹𑠢𑠮𑠤 𑠊𑠺𑠝𑠰𑠝 𑠀𑠩𑠳𑠷𑠠𑠥𑠮 (in Dogri)); (Kashmiri: جۆم تہٕ کٔشیٖر مَجلِسہِ قۄنوٗن سٲزی (in Perso-Arabic), 𑆘𑆾𑇌𑆩𑇀 𑆠 𑆑𑆯𑆵𑆫𑇀 𑆩𑆘𑇀𑆬𑆴𑆱𑇀-𑆅 𑆑𑇊𑆾𑇋𑆳𑆤𑆷𑆤𑇀 𑆱𑆃𑆘𑇊𑆵 (in Sharada)) is the unicameral legislature of Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly is the legislative arm of the Government of Jammu and Kashmir. At present, it consists of 95 members, directly elected from 95 constituencies. The tenure of the Legislative Assembly is five years unless dissolved sooner.

Prior to 2019, the State of Jammu and Kashmir had a bicameral legislature with a legislative assembly (lower house) and a legislative council (upper house). The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, passed by the Parliament of India in August 2019, replaced this with a unicameral legislature while also re-organising the state into a union territory. The current 13th assembly was elected in September and October 2024.
China Railways DF11G
The DF11G (Chinese: 东风11G, nickname: 猪头) is a twin unit semi-high-speed diesel-electric locomotive used on the People's Republic of China's national railway system. This locomotive was built by Qishuyan Locomotive and Rolling Stock Works. DF11G Diesel Locomotive is a twelve shaft fixing reconnection passenger diesel locomotive which based on two six-axle locomotives connected.

The DF11G has two batches, varying in the voltage of head-end power. In the first batch, HEP is supplied as three-phase AC at 380 V, while the second batch supports DC 600 V HEP.

Higher-speed rail
Higher-speed rail (HrSR) is used to describe inter-city passenger rail services that have top speeds higher than conventional rail but not fast enough to be called high-speed rail services. The term is also used by planners to identify the incremental rail improvements to increase train speeds and reduce travel time as alternatives to larger efforts to create or expand the high-speed rail networks.

Though the definition of higher-speed rail varies from country to country, most countries refer to rail services operating at speeds up to 200 km/h (125 mph).

The concept is usually viewed as stemming from efforts to upgrade a legacy railway line to high speed railway standards (speeds in excess of 250 km/h or 155 mph), but usually falling short on the intended speeds. The faster speeds are achieved through various means including new rolling stock such as tilting trains, upgrades to tracks including shallower curves, electrification, in-cab signalling, and less frequent halts/stops.
D/M/1 queue
In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, a D/M/1 queue represents the queue length in a system having a single server, where arrivals occur at fixed regular intervals and job service requirements are random with an exponential distribution. The model name is written in Kendall's notation. Agner Krarup Erlang first published a solution to the stationary distribution of a D/M/1 and D/M/k queue, the model with k servers, in 1917 and 1920.

Agner Krarup Erlang
Agner Krarup Erlang (1 January 1878 – 3 February 1929) was a Danish mathematician, statistician and engineer, who invented the fields of traffic engineering and queueing theory.

Erlang's 1909 paper, and subsequent papers over the decades, are regarded as containing some of most important concepts and techniques for queueing theory.

By the time of his relatively early death at the age of 51, Erlang had created the field of telephone networks analysis. His early work in scrutinizing the use of local, exchange and trunk telephone line usage in a small community to understand the theoretical requirements of an efficient network led to the creation of the Erlang formula, which became a foundational element of modern telecommunications network studies.
Gorkoye-Peresheyechnoye
Gorkoye-Peresheyechnoye (Russian: Горькое-Перешеечное) is a salt lake in Yegoryevsky District, Altai Krai, Russian Federation.

The lake is located in the southwestern part of the Krai. The nearest town is Novoyegoryevskoye, close to the southern shore. Gorkoye-Peresheyechnoye is a tourist attraction, equipped with resorts near the lake. There are pine forests close to the lakeshore.

Salt lake
A salt lake or saline lake is a landlocked body of water that has a concentration of salts (typically sodium chloride) and other dissolved minerals significantly higher than most lakes (often defined as at least three grams of salt per liter). In some cases, salt lakes have a higher concentration of salt than sea water; such lakes can also be termed hypersaline lake, and may also be pink lakes on account of their color. An alkalic salt lake that has a high content of carbonate is sometimes termed a soda lake.

Salt lakes are classified according to salinity levels. The formation of these lakes is influenced by processes such as evaporation and deposition. Salt lakes face serious conservation challenges due to climate change, pollution and water diversion.
John Pettinger
Captain John Stuart Pettinger DCM (born 1953) is a former officer of the Parachute Regiment in the British Army and a veteran of the Falklands War during which he was awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal (DCM) for bravery. This was a field award for other ranks of the British Army and was the oldest British award for gallantry, at that time ranking second only to the Victoria Cross. His DCM was one of only eight awarded during the conflict, five of which were awarded to the Parachute Regiment. Pettinger was invested with his Distinguished Conduct Medal by Queen Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace in 1982.

Company quartermaster sergeant
"SQMS" redirects here. For the British Army appointment of staff quartermaster sergeant, see Warrant officer (United Kingdom) § Appointments.

Company quartermaster sergeant is a military rank or appointment.
Bisma Khan
Bisma Khan (born 21 April 2002) is a Pakistani swimmer.

She represented Pakistan at the 2018 Asian Games held in Jakarta, Indonesia competing in six events.

In 2019, she represented Pakistan at the World Aquatics Championships held in Gwangju, South Korea competing in two events..In the same year, she won the silver medal in the women's 200 metre individual medley event at the 2019 South Asian Games held in Nepal.

In 2021, she competed in the women's 50 metre freestyle event at the 2020 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo, Japan. In 2022, she represented Pakistan at the World Aquatics Championships held in Budapest, Hungary. She competed in the women's 50 metre freestyle and women's 100 metre freestyle events.

She represented Pakistan at the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham, England.

At the 2023 National Games of Pakistan, Khan won five gold medals in individual categories and an additional three gold medals in relay events.

2022 World Aquatics Championships
The 2022 World Aquatics Championships, the 19th edition of the FINA World Aquatics Championships, were held in Budapest, Hungary, from 17 June to 3 July 2022. These championships included five disciplines, with high diving not staged for this edition of the championships.
Golden Valley Colony, Montana
Golden Valley Colony is a Hutterite community and census-designated place (CDP) in Golden Valley County, Montana, United States. It is in the southwest part of the county, 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south of Ryegate and U.S. Route 12.

Golden Valley Colony was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

Ryegate, Montana
Ryegate is a town in, and the county seat of, Golden Valley County, Montana, United States. The population was 223 at the 2020 census. Ryegate is situated on the north bank of the Musselshell River.

The Milwaukee Road established Ryegate in 1908 as a depot and station stop.