hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Affordable College Textbook Act
The Affordable College Textbook Act is a United States legislative bill intended to support use of open textbooks. It was introduced on April 4, 2019, to the 116th Congress by four senators (Dick Durbin of Illinois, Angus King of Maine, Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona, Tina Smith of Minnesota), and one representative (Joe Neguse of Colorado). Organizations supporting the bill include the American Federation of Teachers, the American Association of Community Colleges, the Association of Research Libraries, and Creative Commons.

Joe Neguse
Joseph D. Neguse (/nəˈɡuːs/ nə-GOOSS; born May 13, 1984) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the U.S. representative for Colorado's 2nd congressional district since 2019. The district is located in the northwest part of the state, based in Fort Collins, Longmont, and Boulder, and includes many rural communities and mountain towns, including Walden, Granby, Steamboat Springs, and Gypsum. A member of the Democratic Party, he was a regent of the University of Colorado from 2008 to 2015. Neguse is the first Eritrean-American elected to the United States Congress and Colorado's first black member of Congress. Neguse has served as House assistant Democratic leader since 2024.
Ernest C. Wills
Ernest Claude Wills (March 28, 1892 – December 24, 1976) was an American football, basketball, and baseball coach. He served as the head football coach at Tempe Normal School, now Arizona State University, in 1922 and at Chadron State College in 1924, compiling a career college football record of 8–4–1. Wills was also the head basketball coach at Tempe Normal in 1922–23, tallying a mark of 8–4, and the head baseball coach at the school in 1923, guiding his baseball squad to a 5–5 record.  Wills graduated the University of Iowa in 1916 with a degree in engineering. He played on the Iowa Hawkeyes football team from 1913 through 1915.

Wills graduated from Clinton High School in Clinton, Iowa. In 1923, he was hired physical director and coach at Fremont High School in Fremont, Nebraska. Wills died on December 24, 1976, at St. Joseph Hospital in Bryan, Texas.

Bryan, Texas
Bryan is a city in and the county seat of Brazos County, Texas, United States. It is located in the heart of the Brazos Valley (East and Central Texas). As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 83,980. Bryan borders the city of College Station, which lies to its south. Together they make up the Bryan–College Station metropolitan area, the 15th-largest metropolitan area in Texas with 268,248 people as of 2020.
Leopold, Prince of Hohenzollern
Leopold, Prince of Hohenzollern (German: Leopold Stephan Karl Anton Gustav Eduard Tassilo Fürst von Hohenzollern; 22 September 1835 – 8 June 1905) was the head of the Swabian branch of the House of Hohenzollern, and played a fleeting role in European power politics in connection with the Franco-Prussian War.

He was born into the dynasty's Sigmaringen branch, which inherited all the dynasty's Swabian lands when the Hohenzollern-Hechingen branch became extinct.

Leopold's parents were Josephine of Baden and Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern. Leopold was the older brother of King Carol I of Romania and father of the future King Ferdinand of Romania. Carol ascended to the Romanian throne in 1866, and Leopold renounced his rights to the Romanian succession in favor of his sons in 1880.

Swabia
Swabia is a cultural, historical and linguistic region in southwestern Germany. The name is ultimately derived from the medieval Duchy of Swabia, one of the German stem duchies, representing the historic settlement area of the  Germanic tribe alliances named Alemanni and Suebi.

This territory would include all of the Alemannic German area, but the modern concept of Swabia is more restricted, due to the collapse of the duchy of Swabia in the thirteenth century. Swabia as understood in modern ethnography roughly coincides with the Swabian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire as it stood during the early modern period, now divided between the states of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg.

Swabians (Schwaben, singular Schwabe) are the natives of Swabia and speakers of Swabian German. Their number was estimated at close to 800,000 by SIL Ethnologue as of 2006, out of a total population of 7.5 million in the regions of Tübingen, Stuttgart and Bavarian Swabia.
Aasiya Zubair
Aasiya Zubair, also known as Aasiya Hassan (June 17, 1972 – February 12, 2009) was married to Muzzammil Hassan, the Pakistani-American co-founder and owner of Bridges TV, the first American Muslim English-language television network. In February 2009, she was found dead, beheaded, at the Bridges TV station in Orchard Park, New York after her estranged husband turned himself in to a police station and was charged with second-degree murder.

Orchard Park, New York
Orchard Park is an incorporated town in Erie County, New York, United States. It is an outer ring suburb southeast of Buffalo. The population was 29,686 at the 2020 census. The town contains a village also named Orchard Park. Orchard Park is one of the Southtowns of Erie County and is best known as the site of Highmark Stadium, home of the Buffalo Bills.
2021 Chevrolet Silverado 250
The 2021 Chevrolet Silverado 250 was a  NASCAR Camping World Truck Series race that was held on October 2, 2021, at Talladega Superspeedway in Lincoln, Alabama. Contested over 99 laps—extended from 94 laps due to an overtime finish—on the 2.66 mi (4.28 km) asphalt superspeedway, it was the 20th race of the 2021 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series season, the fifth race of the Playoffs, and the second race of the Round of 8. In a wild finish that saw numerous lead changes, Tate Fogleman and John Hunter Nemechek would collide, with Nemechek spinning. Fogleman would then hold off the charging Tyler Hill on the final lap to collect his first career Truck series victory.

Tate Fogleman
Tate Fogleman (born March 8, 2000) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, driving the No. 30 Toyota Tundra for On Point Motorsports and the No. 26 Chevrolet Silverado for Rackley WAR.
Che (Persian letter)
Che or cheem (چ‎) is a letter of the Persian alphabet, used to represent [t͡ʃ]. The letter derives from Jīm (ج‎) by the addition of two dots. It is found with this value in other Arabic-derived scripts. It is used in Persian, Urdu, Pashto, Kurdish, Uyghur, Kashmiri, Azerbaijani, Ottoman Turkish, Malay (Jawi), Javanese (Pegon), and other Indo-Iranian languages. It is also one of the five letters the Persian alphabet added to the Arabic script (the others being ژ, پ, and گ in addition to the obsolete ڤ. Its numerical value is 3000 (see Abjad numerals).

Dot (diacritic)
When used as a diacritic mark, the term dot primarily refers to the glyphs "combining dot above" (◌̇),  and "combining dot below" (◌̣)
which may be combined with some letters of the extended Latin alphabets in use in 
a variety of languages. Similar marks are used with other scripts.
J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I
J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I refer to two video games:

J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1990 video game)

J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1994 video game)

J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1990 video game)
J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I is a role-playing video game published by Interplay Productions. It is an adaptation of The Fellowship of the Ring by J. R. R. Tolkien, being the first volume in The Lord of the Rings. The game was released in 1990 for MS-DOS, in 1991 for the Amiga and PC-98, and in 1992 for the FM Towns. It was followed by J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. II: The Two Towers. It was originally designed for the Commodore 64, but the production team switched to the newer platforms. The game was designed by Troy A. Miles, Scott Bennie, Jennell Jaquays, and Bruce Schlickbernd. For the later versions, the cutscenes are taken from the 1978 Lord of the Rings film directed by Ralph Bakshi.
Lavangi
Lavangi is a 1946 Indian Tamil-language film directed and produced by Y. V. Rao and written by P. R. Narayanan. It stars Y. V. Rao, Kumari Rukmani, B. R. Panthulu, B. Jayamma, K. Sarangapani, K. R. Chellam and T. R. Ramachandran. The film features music by C. R. Subbu Raman.

B. Jayamma
B. Jayamma (15 November 1915 – 20 December 1988) was an Indian actress and singer. She began her career on stage as a 14-year-old when she joined a theatre group owned by Gubbi Veeranna, her future husband. She went on to perform for 45 years on stage while also appearing in 45 Kannada, Telugu and Tamil films.
Dobrich Air Base
26th Reconnaissance Air Base Dobrich (Bulgarian: 26та Разузнавателна авиобаза Добрич) is a former Bulgarian military installation near the City of Dobrich in the northeastern part of the country. It was of significant importance for the nation's security, as it housed the air force's sole air reconnaissance unit.

Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21
The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 (Russian: Микоян и Гуревич МиГ-21; NATO reporting name: Fishbed) is a supersonic jet fighter and interceptor aircraft, designed by the Mikoyan-Gurevich Design Bureau in the Soviet Union. Its nicknames include: "Balalaika", because its planform resembles the stringed musical instrument of the same name; "Ołówek", Polish for "pencil", due to the shape of its fuselage, and "Én Bạc", meaning "silver swallow", in Vietnamese.

Approximately 60 countries across four continents have flown the MiG-21, and it still serves many nations seven decades after its maiden flight. It set aviation records, becoming the most-produced supersonic jet aircraft in aviation history, the most-produced combat aircraft since the Korean War and, previously, the longest production run of any combat aircraft.
Brothers and Sisters, Are You Ready?
Brothers and Sisters, Are You Ready? is the fifth album by Big Sugar, It was released concurrently with a separate album containing French versions of the same songs, Brothers and Sisters, Êtes Vous Ready?. The album was nominated for Best Rock Album at the 2002 Juno Awards. Brothers and Sisters, Are You Ready? was certified Gold (50,000 units) by the CRIA in August 2003.

Music Canada
Music Canada is a non-profit trade organization that was founded 9 April 1963 in Toronto to represent the interests of companies that record, manufacture, produce, and distribute music in Canada. It also offers benefits to some of Canada's leading independent record labels and distributors. It was known as the Canadian Record Manufacturer's Association (French: Association canadienne des fabricants de disques) until 1972 and the Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA) (French: Association de l'industrie canadienne de l'enregistrement) until 2011.
Mike Hobin
Michael Patrick Hobin (born February 21, 1954) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played in the World Hockey Association (WHA). Drafted in the thirteenth round of the 1974 NHL amateur draft by the Montreal Canadiens, Hobin opted to play in the WHA after being selected by the Vancouver Blazers in the seventh round of the 1974 WHA Amateur Draft. He played parts of two WHA seasons for the Phoenix Roadrunners.

Phoenix Roadrunners (WHA)
The Phoenix Roadrunners were a professional ice hockey team in the World Hockey Association (WHA) from 1974 to 1977. They played at Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum in Phoenix, Arizona. The organization folded for financial reasons before the remaining teams in the WHA merged with the NHL in 1979. The colors of the team were blue and gold.

In 1996 the Winnipeg Jets, a former WHA franchise, moved to Phoenix and became the Phoenix Coyotes. In 2016, the Coyotes purchased their AHL affiliate (the Springfield Falcons), and moved them to Tucson. The Tucson Roadrunners use a logo very similar to the WHA Roadrunners.
Thamnoecha
Thamnoecha is a monotypic moth genus in the family Sphingidae erected by Walter Rothschild and Karl Jordan in 1903. Its only species, Thamnoecha uniformis, first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1875, is known from the Himalayas.

The wingspan is 50–54 mm for males and 53–66 mm for females. It is similar in colour to Sphinx pinastri and Sphinx caligineus. Adults are on wing from March to August.

The larval food plant is thought to be chir pine (Pinus roxburghii).

Arthur Gardiner Butler
Arthur Gardiner Butler F.L.S., F.Z.S. (27 June 1844 – 28 May 1925) was an English entomologist, arachnologist and ornithologist. He worked at the British Museum on the taxonomy of birds, insects, and spiders.
Thorpe's Opera House
Thorpe's Opera House is a historic three-story building in David City, Nebraska. It was built in 1889 for William Thorpe. The facade includes arches and scallops. Inside, there is an auditorium and a balcony. Besides being used for the performing arts, the facility also hosted events with the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, fraternal organizations, political events, and high school reunions. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since September 28, 1988.

David City, Nebraska
David City is a city in and the county seat of Butler County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 2,995 at the 2020 census. David City was founded in 1873 to serve as the county seat when county residents desired a more centrally located county seat than Savannah.
Sinikka Kurkinen
Sinikka Mirjam Kurkinen (born 1935) is a Finnish painter. She studied in Helsinki and Paris.

Kurkinen was born in Joutseno, South Karelia. She gave her first exhibitions in Imatra in 1955 and in Helsinki in 1958. Her works can be seen at Ateneum, the Imatra Museum of Art and in various other locations all over the country.

Kurkinen is an honorary member of the Imatra Art Association. She has won many awards during her career, including the Art Prize of Imatra in 1983.

Joutseno
Joutseno (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈjou̯tseno]) is a former town and municipality of Finland. It is located in the province of Southern Finland and is part of the South Karelia region.

The municipality was unilingually Finnish. Joutseno was consolidated with Lappeenranta on 1 January 2009.

It bordered Lappeenranta, Taipalsaari, Ruokolahti and Imatra, prior to 1967 it bordered Lappee instead of Lappeenranta and prior to 1989 it bordered Nuijamaa. The municipality also had a 9 km border with Russia, more specifically its Vyborgsky District.
Software analytics
Software analytics is the analytics specific to the domain of software systems taking into account source code, static and dynamic characteristics (e.g., software metrics) as well as related processes of their development and evolution. It aims at describing, monitoring, predicting, and improving the efficiency and effectiveness of software engineering throughout the software lifecycle, in particular during software development and software maintenance. The data collection is typically done by mining software repositories, but can also be achieved by collecting user actions or production data.

Software repository
A software repository, or repo for short, is a storage location for software packages. Often a table of contents is also stored, along with metadata. A software repository is typically managed by source or version control, or repository managers. Package managers allow automatically installing and updating repositories, sometimes called "packages".
Mediso
Mediso is a Hungarian manufacturer of nuclear medicine imaging equipment. Their range includes gamma cameras, PET scanners and software components, for clinical and preclinical imaging. The company was founded in 1990 and is headquartered in Budapest. Mediso is one of Hungary's largest outward foreign direct investors.

As well as manufacturing equipment, the company also operates two diagnostic nuclear medicine centres, in Debrecen and Budapest, representing two-thirds of Hungary's PET-CT capacity.

Gamma camera
A gamma camera (γ-camera), also called a scintillation camera or Anger camera, is a device used to image gamma radiation emitting radioisotopes, a technique known as scintigraphy. The applications of scintigraphy include early drug development and nuclear medical imaging to view and analyse images of the human body or the distribution of medically injected, inhaled, or ingested radionuclides emitting gamma rays.
Christopher St George
Christopher St George JP DL (1812 – 13 November 1877) was an Irish Member of Parliament.

He was son of Arthur French St George by his wife Lady Harriet, daughter of William St Lawrence, 2nd Earl of Howth. His paternal grandfather, Christopher French, had adopted the name St George to commemorate his descent from the Barons St George.

He was first elected to represent County Galway on 11 August 1847 during the general election of that year. He was not re-elected at the next general election in 1852.

County Galway (UK Parliament constituency)
County Galway was a United Kingdom parliamentary constituency in Ireland, comprised the whole of County Galway, except for the Borough of Galway. It replaced the pre-Acts of Union Parliament of Ireland constituency. Its representatives sat in the British House of Commons.

It returned two Members of Parliament.

The constituency was abolished in 1885 and replaced by smaller constituencies in the county.
Küperbaş
Küperbaş (Tatar: Күпербаш, romanized: Küperbaş) is a rural locality (a selo) in Arça District, Tatarstan. The population was 448 as of 2010.
Küperbaş is located 4 km from Arça, district's administrative centre, and 72 km from Ԛazаn, republic's capital, by road.
The village already existed during the period of the Qazan Khanate.
There are 9 streets in the village.

Khanate of Kazan
The Khanate of Kazan was a Tatar state that encompassed the territory of the former Volga Bulgaria from 1438 until 1552. The khanate covered contemporary Tatarstan, Mari El, Chuvashia, Mordovia, and parts of Udmurtia and Bashkortostan; its capital was the city of Kazan.

It was one of the successor states of the Golden Horde 
(Mongol state), and it came to an end when it was conquered by the Tsardom of Russia.
Tariana people
The Tariana or Taliaseri are an Indigenous people of the Vaupés or Uaupés River in the Amazon region of Brazil and Colombia. Starting in the 19th century missionaries tried to persuade them to abandon their traditional beliefs and practices, with some level of success. The government made efforts to convert them to a "colony" system in exchange for health, education and economic benefits starting in the 1980s. They are now relatively autonomous within several Indigenous territories.

Vaupés River
Vaupés River (Uaupés River) is a tributary of the Rio Negro in South America. It rises in the Vaupes Department of Colombia, flowing east through Vaupés Department. It forms part of the international border between the Vaupés department of Colombia and the Amazonas state of Brazil.  On the border it merges with the Papurí River and becomes known as the Uaupés. In 1847 an explorer saw a rapid which hurled its waves 12 or 15 metres (40 or 50 ft) in the air, "as if great subaqueous explosions were taking place." The river continues eastwards through the Alto Rio Negro Indigenous Territory until it flows into the Rio Negro at São Joaquim, Amazonas.
Vaupés is a blackwater river.
Northwest Ohio Building & Construction Trades Council
The Northwest Ohio Building & Construction Trades Council is an umbrella organization that represents multiple affiliated labor unions in the building and construction sectors across northwest Ohio. The council advocates for workers' rights, including the enforcement of prevailing wage standards on publicly funded projects and the use of project labor agreements to ensure union involvement in major construction initiatives. It plays a role in local politics through endorsements of candidates supportive of labor interests and has been involved in legal disputes over wage laws.

Labor rights
Labor rights or workers' rights are both legal rights and human rights relating to labor relations between workers and employers. These rights are codified in national and international labor and employment law. In general, these rights influence working conditions in the relations of employment. One of the most prominent is the right to freedom of association, otherwise known as the right to organize. Workers organized in trade unions exercise the right to collective bargaining to improve working conditions.
Nadzeya Pisarava
Nadzeya Pisarava (born July 5, 1988, in Kingisepp) is a retired Belarusian biathlete. She competed at the Biathlon World Championships 2011, where she won a bronze medal in the relay with the Belarusian team.

Kingisepp
Kingisepp (Russian: Ки́нгисепп or Кингисе́пп), formerly Yamburg (Я́мбург), Yam (Ям), and Yama (Я́ма; Votic: Jaama), is a town and the administrative center of Kingiseppsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located along the Luga River 138 kilometers (86 mi) southwest of St. Petersburg, 20 kilometers (12 mi) east of Narva, and 40 kilometers (25 mi) south of the Gulf of Finland. Population:  48,488 (2010 census); 50,295 (2002 census); 49,954 (1989 Soviet census).
Les Ballets Trockadero de Monte Carlo
Les Ballets Trockadero de Monte Carlo is an all-male drag ballet troupe that parodies the conventions of romantic and classical ballet. The company's current artistic director is Tory Dobrin.

The dancers portray both male and female roles in a humorous style that combines parodies of ballet, posing, and physical comedy with "straighter" pieces intended to show off the performers' technical skills. Much of the humor is the male dancers performing en travesti in roles usually reserved for females, while wearing tutus and dancing en pointe.

Classical ballet
Classical ballet is any of the traditional, formal styles of ballet that exclusively employ classical ballet technique. It is known for its aesthetics and rigorous technique (such as pointe work, turnout of the legs, and high extensions), its flowing, precise movements, and its ethereal qualities.

There are stylistic variations related to an area or origin, which are denoted by classifications such as Russian ballet, French ballet, British ballet and Italian ballet. For example, Russian ballet features high extensions and dynamic turns, whereas Italian ballet tends to be more grounded, with a focus on fast, intricate footwork. Many of the stylistic variations are associated with specific training methods that have been named after their originators. Despite these variations, the performance and vocabulary of classical ballet are largely consistent throughout the world.
T. C. Narendran
Thekke Curuppath Narendran (middle name sometimes written Kuruppath; 24 February 1944 – 31 December 2013) was an Indian entomologist specializing in the systematics of parasitic wasps in the superfamily Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera).

Narendran received a Janakiammal National Award for Taxonomy (2004) and was a Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore (IASc) and the Indian Entomology Academy, Chennai.

Narendran's major publications include monographs on the Oriental Chalcididae (1989), Torymidae & Eurytomidae of Indian Subcontinent (1994) and Indo-Australian Ormyridae (1999) - and some 300 research papers in various scientific journals describing 700 new species and over 50 new genera. Narendran mentored a number of taxonomists at the Calicut University where he worked.

Narendran died on 31 December 2013, aged 69, of a heart attack.

Ormyridae
The Ormyridae are a small family of parasitic wasps in the superfamily Chalcidoidea. They are either parasitoids or hyperparasitoids on gall-forming insects, primarily cynipid wasps and tephritid flies. There are 153 species, mostly in the genus Ormyrus); the family has a worldwide distribution, although almost entirely absent from South America.

Some can be recognized by distinctive scalloped sculpturing of their metasomal tergites. Adults of many species are iridescent.