hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Treaty of Schwedt
The Treaty of Schwedt was concluded on 6 October 1713, during the Great Northern War, between the Tsardom of Russia and Brandenburg-Prussia in Schwedt. Brandenburg-Prussia was promised southern Swedish Pomerania up to the Peene river, which had just been conquered by Russia. In turn, Brandenburg-Prussia accepted Russia's annexation of Swedish Ingria, Estonia and Karelia, and agreed to pay 400,000 thalers to Russia. Southern Swedish Pomerania was to be administered by Brandenburg-Prussia until a definite ruling in a peace treaty was reached.

Tsardom of Russia
The Tsardom of Russia, also known as the Tsardom of Moscow, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721.

From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew by an average of 35,000 square kilometres (14,000 sq mi) per year. The period includes the upheavals of the transition from the Rurik to the Romanov dynasties, wars with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire, and the Russian conquest of Siberia, to the reign of Peter the Great, who took power in 1689 and transformed the tsardom into an empire. During the Great Northern War, he implemented substantial reforms and proclaimed the Russian Empire after victory over Sweden in 1721.
AMD 900 chipset series
The AMD 900 chipset series is identical to the AMD 800 chipset series except for the fact that it is only found on Socket AM3+ mainboards, whereas its predecessor is only found on Socket AM3 mainboards. It was released in 2011.

This allows consumers to easily identify the Socket through the chipset name. Socket AM3+ supports solely Bulldozer (microarchitecture)-based FX-processors.

In support of AM3+ CPUs, AMD has validated the 9-Series chipset for use with HyperTransport 3.1 (up to 6.4 GT/s). They also worked with NVIDIA to bring SLI support to this chipset series. AMD OverDrive is supported for simplified overclocking.

Bulldozer (microarchitecture)
The AMD Bulldozer Family 15h is a microprocessor microarchitecture for the FX and Opteron line of processors, developed by AMD for the desktop and server markets. Bulldozer is the codename for this family of microarchitectures. It was released on October 12, 2011, as the successor to the K10 microarchitecture.

Bulldozer is designed from scratch, not a development of earlier processors. The core is specifically aimed at computing products with TDPs of 10 to 125 watts. AMD claims dramatic performance-per-watt efficiency improvements in high-performance computing (HPC) applications with Bulldozer cores.

The Bulldozer cores support most of the instruction sets implemented by Intel processors (Sandy Bridge) available at its introduction (including SSSE3, SSE4.1, SSE4.2, AES, CLMUL, and AVX) as well as new instruction sets proposed by AMD; ABM, XOP, FMA4 and F16C. Only Bulldozer GEN4 (Excavator) supports AVX2 instruction sets.
Harmonic seventh chord
The harmonic seventh chord is a major triad plus the harmonic seventh interval (ratio of 7:4, about 968.826 cents). This interval is somewhat narrower (about 48.77 cents flatter, a septimal quarter tone) and is "sweeter in quality" than an "ordinary" minor seventh, which has a just intonation ratio of 9:5 (1017.596 cents), or an equal-temperament ratio of 1000 cents (25⁄6:1).

Minor seventh
In music theory, a minor seventh is one of two musical intervals that span seven staff positions. It is minor because it is the smaller of the two sevenths, spanning ten semitones. The major seventh spans eleven. For example, the interval from A3 to G4 (in scientific pitch notation) is a minor seventh, as the note G4 lies ten semitones above A3, and there are seven staff positions from A3 to G4.

Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can download the audio file.

Diminished and augmented sevenths span the same number of staff positions, but consist of a different number of semitones (nine and twelve, respectively).
Gabriel R. G. Benito
Gabriel Robertstad Garcia Benito (born 1960) is a Norwegian economist, Professor of Strategy and International Business and a previous Dean of Doctoral Studies at BI Norwegian Business School, in Oslo, Norway. He is known for his work on foreign direct investments.

Foreign direct investment
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an ownership stake in a company, made by a foreign investor, company, or government from another country. More specifically, it describes a controlling ownership of an asset in one country by an entity based in another country. The magnitude and extent of control, therefore, distinguishes it from a foreign portfolio investment or foreign indirect investment. Foreign direct investment includes expanding operations or purchasing a company in the target country.
Ata'ollah Mohajerani
Ata'ollah Mohajerani (Persian: عطاءالله مهاجرانی, also Romanized as Atā'ollāh Mohājerāni; born 24 July 1954) is an Iranian journalist, author, and reformist politician. Mohajerani served as Minister of Culture and Islamic Guidance of Iran under President Mohammad Khatami from 1997 until 2000 when he was fired from office for alleged "permissiveness". He is living as a UK citizen.

Iranian reformists
The Reformists (Persian: اصلاح‌طلبان, romanized: Eslâh-Talabân) are an Islamic liberal political faction in Iran. Iran's "reform era" is sometimes said to have lasted from 1997 to 2005—the length of President Mohammad Khatami's two terms in office. The Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front is the main umbrella organization and coalition within the movement; however, there are reformist groups not aligned with the council, such as the Reformists Front. Masoud Pezeshkian, a reformist, was elected president following the 2024 Iranian presidential election, and was subsequently confirmed by Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei on 28 July.
Education in Bristol
Bristol is the largest city in South West England, and as such is a centre for culture, research and higher education in the region.  The city is home to a prestigious "red brick university" (University of Bristol) and a high-ranking "new university" (University of the West of England).  The city is also noted for its investment in the sciences and engineering, particularly its ties to the aerospace industry.

Southmead Hospital
Southmead Hospital is a large public National Health Service hospital, situated in the area of Southmead, though in Horfield ward, in the northern suburbs of Bristol, England. It is part of the North Bristol NHS Trust. The 800-bed Brunel Building opened in May 2014, to provide services (including Accident and Emergency), which transferred from Frenchay Hospital in advance of its closure. The hospital site covers 60 acres (24 ha).
Eriocrania alpinella
Eriocrania alpinella is a moth of the family Eriocraniidae, found in Central Europe, including Austria and Switzerland and possibly neighbouring countries.

The wingspan is 10.5-11.5 mm and the moth flies in June and July.

The larvae mine the leaves of green alder (Alnus viridis).

Alnus alnobetula
Alnus alnobetula is a common tree widespread across much of Europe, Asia, and North America. Many sources refer to it as Alnus viridis, the green alder, but botanically this is considered an illegitimate name synonymous with Alnus alnobetula subsp. fruticosa.
Secular Culture & Ideas
Secular Culture & Ideas is a web journal about Jewish culture, literature, and thought. Founded in 2007, it was originally part of JBooks.com although it now maintains its own website . The journal’s tag line is, “rethinking Jewish.”

Among the popular pieces published on Secular Culture & Ideas are interviews with Tony Kushner, Natalie Angier, and A.B. Yehoshua, and reviews of books by Jonathan Sarna and Susan Jacoby. The website features an articles section, and a blog, “News & Notes.” A special book section, “Bookshelf,” was introduced in 2011.

Secular Culture & Ideas is supported by the Posen Foundation, a non-profit that works internationally to promote Jewish culture and support Jewish education. Secular Culture & Ideas expanded its culture coverage in the summer of 2011 with its new section “Culture Currents.”

A. B. Yehoshua
Avraham Gabriel "Boolie" Yehoshua (Hebrew: אברהם גבריאל "בולי" יהושע; December 9, 1936 – June 14, 2022) was an Israeli novelist, essayist, and playwright. The New York Times called him the "Israeli Faulkner". Underlying themes in Yehoshua's work are Jewish identity, the tense relations with non-Jews, the conflict between the older and younger generations, and the clash between religion and politics.
Trīna Šlapeka
Trīna Šlapeka (born 20 May 1988 in Cēsis) is a retired Latvian tennis player.

Šlapeka never won a professional ITF tournament in her career, but, on 28 May 2007, reached her best singles ranking of world number 1400. On 23 April 2007, she peaked at world number 948 in the doubles rankings. She holds a win–loss record of 4–1 for Latvia in Fed Cup competition, having represented her country in 2007 and 2008 in Mauritius and Armenia respectively. Her latter appearances helped the team get promoted to Group II of the 2009 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone.

Šlapeka attended Lindsey Wilson College, in Kentucky, United States, where she gained an undergraduate degree. As of 2013, she was studying for a master's degree in business at the Holy Names University in Oakland, California.

2007 Fed Cup
The 2007 Fed Cup was the 45th edition of the most important competition between national teams in women's tennis.

The final took place at the Luzhniki Palace of Sports in Moscow, Russia, on 15–16 September. The home team, Russia, defeated the defending champions, Italy, 0–4, giving Russia their third title in four years.
Rick Austin (politician)
Rick Austin (born June 6, 1966) is an American politician. He was a Republican member of the Georgia State House of Representatives, and he represented the 10th District from January 12, 2009 until September 2011. Previously, he was a member of the Habersham County, Georgia, Board of Commissioners for three years. District 10 of the Georgia House of Representatives encompasses all of Habersham County and parts of White County.

Habersham County, Georgia
Habersham County is a county in the Northeast region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 46,031. The county seat is Clarkesville. The county was created on December 15, 1818, and named for Colonel Joseph Habersham of the Continental Army in the Revolutionary War. Habersham County comprises the Cornelia, GA Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Jonathan Lazar
Jonathan Lazar is a professor in the College of Information Studies at the University of Maryland, where he is Executive Director of the Maryland Initiative for Digital Accessibility (MIDA), and is a core faculty member in the Human-Computer Interaction Lab (HCIL). He previously had been a professor at Towson University. At Towson University, he served as director of the Information Systems program for 14 years and also founded the Universal Usability Laboratory. He researches Human-Computer-Interaction, web accessibility for people with disabilities, user-centered design, and law and public policy related to HCI and accessibility. He is well-known for his work on accessibility  for people who are blind.

Towson University
Towson University (TU or Towson) is a public university in Towson, Maryland, United States. Founded in 1866 as Maryland's first training school for teachers, Towson University is a part of the University System of Maryland. Since its founding, the university has evolved into eight subsidiary colleges with over 20,000 students. Its 329-acre campus is situated in Baltimore County, Maryland, eight miles north of downtown Baltimore. Towson is one of the largest public universities in Maryland and produces the most teachers of any university in the state.
Ralph C. Thompson
Ralph C. Thompson (c. 1947 – July 9, 2014) was a Canadian judge and lawyer. Thompson served as a member of the Provincial Court of Prince Edward Island from 1985 until 2005, including two tenures as the Provincial Court's Chief Justice, 1985–1990 and again from 1995 to 2000. He retired from the court in 2005.

Thompson, a lawyer, practiced as a Crown prosecutor, departmental solicitor and director of legal services on Prince Edward Island. He also practiced within Campbell, Mitchell, Lea, Cheverie and Thompson, a private law firm.

The PEI provincial government appointed Thompson as a commissioner on land and local governance in 2008.

He died from cancer on July 9, 2014, at Prince County Hospital in Summerside, Prince Edward Island, the age of 67. A resident of Wilmot Valley, Thompson was survived by his wife, Karen (née MacRae) Thompson.

Provincial Court of Prince Edward Island
The Provincial Court of Prince Edward Island is the provincial court of the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island, established according to the Provincial Court Act.

The Provincial Court has three judges, who sit in Summerside, Charlottetown, and Georgetown. The Court has jurisdiction to hear criminal offences and cases contrary to provincial legislation.

The Provincial Court judges also serve as judges of the Youth Court, which hears cases pursuant to the Youth Criminal Justice Act.

Applications for judicial reviews for decisions made in Provincial Court can be heard by the Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island, and appeals can be heard by the Court of Appeal of Prince Edward Island.
One Love (Glay album)
One Love is the seventh released album from the Japanese rock band Glay. This album is the first one to have song compositions from each member (except vocalist, Teru).

The single "Global Communication" quickly rose up the charts to the number one spot. It was also the main theme for their 2001 outdoor concert tour, "Glay Expo 2001 Global Communication", and the title for their Fuji Television series, Glay Global Communication. The album peaked at #1 on Oricon charts and sold about 661,460.

Glay Global Communication
GLAY Global Communication was an 11-episode, thirty-minute, television series aired on the Fuji Television Networks hosted by the Japanese rock band, Glay. The show ran from April 18, 2001 to June 27, 2001, every Wednesday at 1:55 am.

The series was focused on the production of the One Love album, the promotion of the Global Communication Asia special, the free street live in Sapporo, and the creation of the promotional videos for the singles from the One Love album.  At the end of each episode each band member would give something away as a present for the fans.
2016 Argentina Women's Hockey National Tournament
The 2016 Argentina Women's Hockey National Tournament was the 8th edition of the women's national tournament. It was held from 27 to 30 October 2016 in Tucumán, Argentina.

Buenos Aires won the tournament for the third time after defeating Mendoza 2–1 in the final.

Tucumán Province
Tucumán (Spanish pronunciation: [tukuˈman]) is the most densely populated, and the second-smallest by land area, of the provinces of Argentina.

Located in the northwest of the country, the province has the capital of San Miguel de Tucumán, often shortened to Tucumán. Neighboring provinces are, clockwise from the north: Salta, Santiago del Estero and Catamarca. It is nicknamed El Jardín de la República (The Garden of the Republic), as it is a highly productive agricultural area.
Remmert
Remmert is a surname and given name. Notable people with the surname include:

Birgit Remmert (born 1966), German mezzo-soprano

Dennis Remmert (1938–2020), American football player

Martha Remmert (1853–1941), German classical pianist, music educator, conductor and music writer

Peter Remmert (born 2005), German footballer

Reinhold Remmert (1930–2016), German mathematician

Remmert Wielinga (born 1978), Dutch road bicycle racer

Reinhold Remmert
Reinhold Remmert (22 June 1930 – 9 March 2016) was a German mathematician. Born in Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, he studied mathematics, mathematical logic and physics in Münster. He established and developed the theory of complex-analytic spaces in joint work with Hans Grauert. Until his retirement in 1995, he was a professor for complex analysis in Münster.

Remmert wrote two books on number theory and complex analysis, which contain a huge amount of historical information together with references on important papers in the subject.
Mary Meeker
Mary Meeker (born September 1959) is an American venture capitalist and former Wall Street securities analyst. Her primary work is on Internet and new technologies. She is the founder and general partner at BOND, a San Francisco–based venture capital firm. She previously served as partner at Kleiner Perkins.

Meeker has been called the "Queen of the Internet". A "perennial leading VC on the Midas List," she appeared at No. 21 in 2021.  In 2022, she was No. 2 on the female investors list.

In 2021, she was ranked 84th on Forbes list of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women.
In 2023, Meeker ranked 85th.

Partner (business rank)
A partner in a law firm, accounting firm, consulting firm, or financial firm is a highly ranked position, traditionally indicating co-ownership of a partnership in which the partners were entitled to a share of the profits as "equity partners". The title can also be used in corporate entities where equity is held by shareholders.
DeJuan Wright
DeJuan Wright (born December 7, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for Kutaisi 2010 of the Georgian Superliga. Wright usually plays the shooting guard position.

From Detroit, Wright attended Henry Ford High School and Florida International University.

Henry Ford High School (Detroit, Michigan)
Henry Ford High School is located at 20000 Evergreen Road, on the northwest side of Detroit, Michigan. The facility is staffed and operated by Detroit Public Schools. Ford High opened its doors on September 5, 1957; it was constructed to accommodate an overflow of students from nearby Cooley, Mumford, and Redford high schools. In 2007, DPS closed Redford High School. As a result, Henry Ford High School now serves the Detroit sub-community of Old Redford. DPS will re-assume control of Henry Ford High School in fall 2017.
Panjipara railway station
Panjipara railway station is a railway station on Katihar–Siliguri branch of Howrah–New Jalpaiguri line in the Katihar railway division of Northeast Frontier Railway zone. It is situated beside National Highway 27 at Hanskunda, Panjipara of Uttar Dinajpur district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Katihar–Siliguri line
The Katihar–Siliguri line is a railway line connecting Katihar in the Indian state of Bihar with Siliguri Junction in West Bengal, via Barsoi, Dalkhola,  Kishanganj, Aluabari Road Junction, Thakurganj, Adhikari, Naxalbari,  Bagdogra and Matigara. It was a metre-gauge track that was converted to 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge in 2011.

Another railway line with a slightly different route with shorter distance exists between Siliguri Junction and Aluabari Road Junction (Islampur) and its details are available in Howrah–New Jalpaiguri line article.
July 2015 Sinai clashes
On 1 July 2015, the IS-affiliated Sinai Province militant group launched the largest scale battle the Sinai Peninsula has seen since the 1973 Yom Kippur War, killing 21 soldiers in the numerous attacks which targeted multiple Egyptian army checkpoints and the Sheikh Zuweid police station in the Sinai Peninsula. More than 100 militants were reportedly killed by the army during the battle.

Sheikh Zuweid
Sheikh Zuweid (also spelled Sheikh Zoweid, Shaykh Zuwayd, or Sheikh Zouède; Arabic: الشيخ زويد  Arabic pronunciation: [aʃˈʃeːx zeˈweːd, -zoˈwæjjed], Coptic: ⲃⲁⲓⲧⲩⲗⲟⲩⲁ, Greek: Bitulion) is a Bedouin town in the North Sinai Governorate of Egypt near the border with the Gaza Strip. It is situated between the cities of Arish and Rafah and is 334 kilometers (214 miles) northeast of Cairo. It had a population of around 60,000 as of 2015.
Big Chicken
The Big Chicken is a KFC restaurant in Marietta, Georgia, which features a 56-foot-tall (17 m) steel-sided structure designed in the appearance of a chicken rising up from the top of the building. It is located at the intersection of Cobb Parkway (U.S. 41/Georgia 3) and Roswell Road (Georgia 120) and is a well-known landmark in the area.  Constructed in 1963, it was rebuilt following storm damage in 1993 and underwent a $2 million renovation project in 2017.

Landmark
A landmark is a recognizable natural or artificial feature used for navigation, a feature that stands out from its near environment and is often visible from long distances.

In modern-day use, the term can also be applied to smaller structures or features that have become local or national symbols.
Ferrari 250 MM
The Ferrari 250 MM was a sports racing car produced by Ferrari from 1952 to 1954. After the initial racing successes of the 3.0-litre Colombo V12 engine, introduced in the 250 S one-off, Ferrari produced a serial racing model. It is best recognisable for the distinctive closed berlinetta bodywork by Pinin Farina. The "MM" in its name stood for the Mille Miglia race.

Phil Hill
Philip Toll Hill Jr. (April 20, 1927 – August 28, 2008) was an American racing driver, who competed in Formula One from 1958 to 1966. Hill won the Formula One World Drivers' Championship in 1961 with Ferrari, and won three Grands Prix across eight seasons. In endurance racing, Hill was a three-time winner of both the 24 Hours of Le Mans and the 12 Hours of Sebring, all with Ferrari. Upon winning the 24 Hours of Daytona in 1964 with NART, Hill became the first driver to complete the Triple Crown of endurance racing.

Hill was one of two American drivers to win the World Drivers' Championship alongside Mario Andretti, and the only one who was born in the United States. Hill was described as a "thoughtful, gentle man" and once said, "I'm in the wrong business. I don't want to beat anybody, I don't want to be the big hero. I'm a peace-loving man, basically."
Mole (animal)
Moles are small, subterranean mammals. They have cylindrical bodies, velvety fur, very small, inconspicuous eyes and ears, reduced hindlimbs, and short, powerful forelimbs with large paws adapted for digging.

The word "mole" most commonly refers to many species in the family Talpidae (which are named after the Latin word for mole, talpa). True moles are found in most parts of North America, Europe (except for Ireland) and Asia. Other mammals referred to as moles include the African golden moles and the Australian marsupial moles, which have a similar ecology and lifestyle to true moles but are unrelated.

Moles may be viewed as pests to gardeners, but they provide positive contributions to soil, gardens, and ecosystems, including soil aeration, feeding on slugs and small creatures that eat plant roots, and providing prey for other wildlife. They eat earthworms and other small invertebrates in the soil.

Hindlimb
A hindlimb or back limb is one of the paired articulated appendages (limbs) attached on the caudal (posterior) end of a terrestrial tetrapod vertebrate's torso.   With reference to quadrupeds, the term hindleg or back leg is often used instead.  In bipedal animals with an upright posture (e.g. humans and some primates), the term lower limb is often used.
Canacomyrica
Canacomyrica is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Myricaceae containing the single species Canacomyrica monticola. It is endemic to New Caledonia. This endangered tree or small shrub is limited to ultramafic serpentine soils.

Ultramafic rock
Ultramafic rocks (also referred to as ultrabasic rocks, although the terms are not wholly equivalent) are igneous and meta-igneous rocks with a very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are usually composed of greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content). Earth's mantle is composed of ultramafic rocks. Ultrabasic is a more inclusive term that includes igneous rocks with low silica content that may not be extremely enriched in Fe and Mg, such as carbonatites and ultrapotassic igneous rocks.