hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Boxberg, Saxony
Boxberg (German: [ˈbɔksˌbɛʁk]; officially Boxberg/O.L.) or Hamor (Upper Sorbian: [ˈhamɔʁ] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Görlitz district in Saxony, Germany. The place is known for its large Boxberg Power Station, that uses lignite as fuel.

The municipality is part of the recognized Sorbian settlement area in Saxony. Upper Sorbian has an official status next to German, all villages bear names in both languages.

In October 2007 it absorbed the former municipality Uhyst, and in February 2009 Klitten.

In 2022, Peter Fitzek's gang bought Bärwalde Castle and made it the headquarters of the right-wing extremist Reich Citizens' Movement "Kingdom of Germany" under the leadership of the self-proclaimed "Supreme Sovereign" and "King" Peter Fitzek.

Lignite
Lignite (from Latin  lignum 'wood'), often called brown coal, is a soft, brown, combustible sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat. It has a carbon content around 25–35% and is considered the lowest rank of coal due to its relatively low heat content. When removed from the ground, it contains a very high amount of moisture, which partially explains its low carbon content. Lignite is mined all around the world and is used almost exclusively as a fuel for steam-electric power generation.

Lignite combustion produces less heat for the amount of carbon dioxide and sulfur released than other ranks of coal. As a result, lignite is the most harmful coal to human health. Depending on the source, various toxic heavy metals, including naturally occurring radioactive materials, may be present in lignite and left over in the coal fly ash produced from its combustion, further increasing health risks.
Giovanni Arduino
Giovanni Arduino (16 October 1714 – 21 March 1795) was an  Italian geologist who is known as the "Father of Italian Geology". Arduino proposed the division of the earth's crust into four general and successive orders: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary, a classification regarded as the starting point for modern stratigraphy.

Earth's crust
Earth's crust is its thick outer shell of rock, comprising less than one percent of the planet's radius and volume. It is the top component of the lithosphere, a solidified division of Earth's layers that includes the crust and the upper part of the mantle. The lithosphere is broken into tectonic plates whose motion allows heat to escape the interior of Earth into space.

The crust lies on top of the mantle, a configuration that is stable because the upper mantle is made of peridotite and is therefore significantly denser than the crust. The boundary between the crust and mantle is conventionally placed at the Mohorovičić discontinuity, a boundary defined by a contrast in seismic velocity.

The temperature of the crust increases with depth, reaching values typically in the range from about 700 to 1,600 °C (1,292 to 2,912 °F) at the boundary with the underlying mantle. The temperature increases by as much as 30 °C (54 °F) for every kilometer locally in the upper part of the crust.
Steve Craig (politician)
Stephen Allen Craig (born March 19, 1955) is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly in a by-election on June 18, 2019. A member of the Progressive Conservatives, he represents the electoral district of Sackville-Cobequid.

Craig had previously sat on Halifax Regional Council, representing Lower Sackville since the 2012 Halifax Regional Municipality municipal election.

Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia
The Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia, more commonly known as the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia, is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada. Like most conservative parties in Atlantic Canada, it has been historically associated with the Red Tory faction of Canadian conservatism. The party is currently led by Pictou East MLA Tim Houston. The party won a majority government in the 2021 provincial election. He called a snap election in 2024, increasing his party's majority mandate. The Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia and the Conservative Party of Canada are two separate entities.
Amen (EP)
Amen is an extended play by Forrest Frank, an American pop and hip-hop musician. The EP was released on April 25, 2025, through River House Records and 10K Projects. It features the previously released singles "Your Way's Better", "Nothing Else", "Celebration", and "No L's".  The five tracks featured on the extended play were later included on Frank's eighth studio album, Child of God II, released on May 9, 2025.

Digital Song Sales
The Digital Song Sales (previously named Digital Songs and Hot Digital Songs) ranks the most downloaded songs in the United States, as compiled by Luminate and published by Billboard magazine. Although it originally started tracking song sales the week of October 30, 2004, it officially debuted in the issue dated January 22, 2005, and merged all versions of a song sold from digital music distributors. Its data was incorporated in the Hot 100 three weeks later. Since October 2004, digital sales have been incorporated into many of Billboard's music singles charts. The decision was based on the dramatic increase of the digital market while commercial single sales in a physical format were becoming negligible.

The first number one song on the Digital Song Sales chart was "Just Lose It" by Eminem. The chart's current number one as of the issue dated July 26, 2025 is 
"Ordinary" by Alex Warren.
Raymond Savard
Pierre Raymond Savard (29 June 1927 – 20 July 2021) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. His career included various business interests including merchandising, administration and store ownership. Savard entered national politics at Quebec's Verdun electoral district following a by-election victory on 24 May 1977. He was re-elected in the 1979 and 1980 federal elections, but defeated in 1984 by Gilbert Chartrand of the Progressive Conservative party. He served in the latter stages of the 30th Canadian Parliament, and for full terms in the 31st and 32nd Canadian Parliaments. He later served as the mayor of Verdun, Quebec from 1985 to 1993. Savard died on 20 July 2021 at the age of 94.

Verdun, Quebec
Verdun (/vərˈdʌn/ vər-DUN, Quebec French: [vaɛ̯ʁdœ̃˞]) is a borough (arrondissement) of the city of Montreal, Quebec, located in the southeastern part of the island.

Long known as a working class neighbourhood, it has experienced significant gentrification and social change in the 21st century.
Logan's Roadhouse
Logan's Roadhouse is an American chain of casual dining restaurants based in Houston, Texas, United States, founded in 1991 in Lexington, Kentucky, U.S. There are 135 Logan's Roadhouse locations throughout twenty-two states.

The chain uses retro style decorations. Some of the Logan's establishments have locality-inspired decor and artwork. For example, Detroit area Logan's have murals of people wearing Detroit Pistons shirts.  The chain's menu includes mesquite-grilled steaks, traditional American fare such as sandwiches, soup, salads, and seafood, longneck cold beer, and homemade yeast rolls.

Types of restaurant
Restaurants fall into several industry classifications, based upon menu style, preparation methods and pricing, as well as the means by which the food is served to the customer. This article mainly describes the situation in the US, while categorisation differs widely around the world.
Hokonui
The term Hokonui refers to several things in New Zealand, all directly or indirectly related to the area around the Southland town of Gore:

The Hokonui Hills and the area surrounding them, often simply known as Hokonui or the Hokonuis

Hokonui, New Zealand, a small settlement near Hedgehope

Hokonui (radio network), a radio network based in Gore

Moonshine alcohol

Colloquialism for any alcoholic beverage

Hokonui Moonshine, a present-day (legal) alcohol brand produced by the Southern Distilling Company

Hokonui (New Zealand electorate), a former parliamentary electorate

Hokonui Rūnanga, a constituent part of the Ngāi Tahu Māori tribal area

Hokonui Coal Company

Gore, New Zealand
Gore (Māori: Maruawai) is a town and district in the Southland region of the South Island of New Zealand. It has a resident population of 8,310 as of June 2025. Gore is known for its country music scene and hosts an annual country music festival. The town is also surrounded by farmland and is an important centre for agriculture in the region.
Templeton Peck
Lieutenant Templeton Arthur Peck, played by Dirk Benedict, is a fictional character and one of the four protagonists of the 1980s action-adventure television series The A-Team. A recognized war hero, he is often referred to as (The) Faceman or simply Face. Although creators Stephen J. Cannell and Frank Lupo had Benedict in mind for the role, studio executives initially insisted that the role be handled differently. Tim Dunigan played the role in the pilot episode, but after it was completed, the same executives thought he looked too young to be a believable Vietnam veteran. At 6 ft 5 in (196 cm), Dunigan was also much taller than the rest of the cast, particularly the show's 5 ft 10 in (178 cm) muscleman Mr. T. He was replaced by Benedict for the rest of the show's run. Bradley Cooper portrayed the character in the 2010 film while Benedict appeared in a post-credits cameo.

Frank Lupo
Frank Lupo (January 22, 1955 – February 18, 2021) was an American television writer and producer who created or co-created many successful TV series from the 1970s to the 1990s. In collaboration with Stephen J. Cannell, Lupo created such shows as The A-Team, Renegade, Riptide, Wiseguy and Hunter. He also served as the executive producer for Walker, Texas Ranger during its first full season.

Lupo died of cardiac arrest at his home in Florida on February 18, 2021, at age 66.
David Beckham Homme
David Beckham Homme is a men's eau de toilette fragrance endorsed by English footballer David Beckham. The scent, which was released by Coty in September 2011, joined his existing scents David Beckham Instinct (2005) and Intimately Beckham (2006), a his-and-hers collection with his wife Victoria Beckham. The fragrance was launched as part of a new branding venture with business partner Simon Fuller, which also included a men's bodywear line and a number of other projects to capitalize on Beckham's worldwide commercial appeal.

Eau de toilette
Eau de toilette (French: [o d(ə) twalɛt], meaning "grooming water") is a lightly scented perfume. It is also referred to as aromatic waters and has a high alcohol content. It is usually applied directly to the skin after bathing or shaving. It is traditionally composed of alcohol and various volatile oils. Traditionally these products were named after a principal ingredient, like geranium water, lavender water, lilac water, violet water, spirit of myrcia and "eau de Bretfeld". Because of this, eau de toilette was sometimes referred to as "toilet water".

In modern perfumery, eau de toilette has less concentrated fragrance than perfume (eau de parfum) and more than cologne (eau de Cologne).
Valea Viilor fortified church
The Valea Viilor fortified church (Romanian: Biserica fortificată din Valea Viilor; German: Kirchenburg von Wurmloch) is a Lutheran fortified church in Valea Viilor (Wurmloch), Sibiu County, in the Transylvania region of Romania. It was built by the ethnic German Transylvanian Saxon community at a time when the area belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary. Initially Roman Catholic, it became Lutheran following the Reformation. Together with the surrounding village, the church forms part of the villages with fortified churches in Transylvania UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Sibiu County
Sibiu County (Romanian pronunciation: [siˈbiw]) is a county (Romanian: județ) of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. Its county seat (Romanian: reședință de județ) is the namesake town of Sibiu (German: Hermannstadt).
Ninth Avenue (Islamabad)
33°24′N 73°18′E﻿ / ﻿33.40°N 73.3°E﻿ / 33.40; 73.3

Ninth Avenue also known as Agha Shahi Avenue, named after Pakistani statesman Agha Shahi, is a partially signal free road located in Islamabad. It was inaugurated by the then CDA chairman Kamran Lashari on 25 February 2008.

It starts from the intersection on Khayaban-e-Iqbal (Margalla Road) near Fatima Jinnah Park and ends at the intersection on IJP Road connecting Rawalpindi and Islamabad. It is stretched between sectors F-8, G-8, H-8, I-8 and F-9, G-9, H-9, I-9. Ninth Avenue was built at a cost of PKR 1,686.373 million.

Capital Development Authority (Pakistan)
Capital Development Authority (Urdu: وفاقی ترقیاتی ادارہ, abbreviated as CDA) is a public benefit corporation responsible for providing municipal services in Islamabad Capital Territory. The CDA was established on 14 June 1960 by an executive order entitled Pakistan Capital Regulation. As of 2016, most of CDA's municipal services and departments have been transferred to the newly created Islamabad Metropolitan Corporation. However, the CDA is still in charge of estate management, project execution and sector developments.
Tobi Jnohope
Tobi "Bob" Jnohope (born 4 October 1997) is a professional footballer who plays as a defender for Chattanooga Red Wolves of the USL League One. Born in the United States, he has represented Dominica at youth level.

2018–19 Maltese FA Trophy
The 2018–19 Maltese FA Trophy was the 81st edition of the football cup competition. A record number of 67 clubs competed in the FA Trophy, with the first round starting on the weekend of 1–2 September 2018 and concluding with the final played on 18 May 2019.

Valletta were the defending champions, but lost in the final to Balzan on penalties, the latter winning their first ever FA Trophy title.
Rapala arata
Rapala arata, the Japanese flash, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found from Russia (Amur, Ussuri, Sakhalin and the southern Kuriles), north-eastern China, Korea and Japan. The habitat consists of brook banks, meadows and the edges of montane mixed forests.

The length of the forewings is 14–17 mm. Adults are on wing from late May to late August in two generations in the southern part of the range. In the north, there is one generation with adults on wing in June.

The larvae feed on Fabaceae, Saxifragaceae, Ericaceae, Rhamnaceae and Fagaceae species.

Saxifragaceae
Saxifragaceae is a family of herbaceous perennial flowering plants, within the core eudicot order Saxifragales. The taxonomy of the family has been greatly revised and the scope much reduced in the era of molecular phylogenetic analysis. The family is divided into ten clades, with about 640 known species in about 35 accepted genera. About half of these consist of a single species, but about 400 of the species are in the type genus Saxifraga. The family is predominantly distributed in the northern hemisphere, but also in the Andes in South America.
Chinna Irusampalayam
Chinna Irusampalayam is a small village near Ariyankuppam in the Cuddalore district of the Tamil Nadu state of India.  This village mainly depends on agriculture & cattle products. This village has only three streets namely Mudhal Theru (First Street), Nadu Theru (Middle Street) & Kadasi Theru (Last Street). This village has an Amman (Goddess) Temple.

This village can be reached by bus service to Ariyankuppam and from there by walk of 1.5 km. The road to reach this place is a zig zag one exactly resembling the crawling of a Snake. The roads are guarded by Paddy field and coconut fields.

This village is very near to the river Thiru Kanchi Aaaru, where the funeral services are performed every year for the deserted people. This hamlet is a part of Kilinjikuppam Panchayat Village under Cuddalore Block in Cuddalore District.

Zigzag
A zigzag is a pattern like a row of Ws joined together, consisting of a single line made up of line segments of usually constant length joined by usually constant angles in alternating directions.

In geometry, this pattern is described as a skew apeirogon. From the point of view of symmetry, a regular zigzag can be generated from a simple motif like a line segment by repeated application of a glide reflection.

Although the origin of the word is unclear, its first printed appearances were in French-language books and ephemera of the late 17th century.
Jappie van Dijk
Jacobus "Jappie" van Dijk (born 29 September 1944) is a former speed skater from the Netherlands. He competed at the  1972 Winter Olympics in the 500 m and finished in 32nd place. A year later he won the national allround title.

1972 Winter Olympics
The 1972 Winter Olympics, officially the XI Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Sapporo 1972, were a winter multi-sport event held from February 3 to 13, 1972, in Sapporo, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. It was the first Winter Olympic Games to take place outside Europe and North America.
GStat
GStat is a web application which is aimed at displaying information about grid services, the grid information system itself and related metrics. The system is designed in modular way so that the software can be reused in different application scenarios.

Academia Sinica
Academia Sinica (AS; Latin: Academia Sinica; Chinese: 中央研究院) is the national academy of the Republic of China (Taiwan). It is headquartered in Nangang, Taipei.

Founded in Nanjing in 1928, the academy supports research activities in mathematics, physical sciences, life sciences, humanities and social sciences. As an educational institute, it provides PhD training and scholarship through its English-language Taiwan International Graduate Program in biology, agriculture, chemistry, physics, informatics, and earth and environmental sciences.

The current president since 2016 is James C. Liao, an expert in metabolic engineering, systems biology and synthetic biology.
California Department of Financial Institutions
The California Department of Financial Institutions (DFI) was a government department of the California Business, Transportation and Housing Agency responsible for financial regulation of California's banking system.

Pursuant to the Governor's Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 2012, the Department of Financial Institutions and Department of Corporations became divisions of the California Department of Business Oversight (DBO) on July 1, 2013.

Financial regulation
Financial regulation is a broad set of policies that apply to the financial sector in most jurisdictions, justified by two main features of finance: systemic risk, which implies that the failure of financial firms involves public interest considerations; and information asymmetry, which justifies curbs on freedom of contract in selected areas of financial services, particularly those that involve retail clients and/or principal–agent problems. An integral part of financial regulation is the supervision of designated financial firms and markets by specialized authorities such as securities commissions and bank supervisors.

In some jurisdictions, certain aspects of financial supervision are delegated to self-regulatory organizations. Financial regulation forms one of three legal categories which constitutes the content of financial law, the other two being market practices and case law.
Tony Clubb
Tony Clubb (born 12 June 1987) is a former English professional rugby league footballer who played as a prop for the Wigan Warriors in the Super League and has played for England at international level.

He is currently assistant coach at Leigh Leopards.

He played for London under the guises of Harlequins RL and the London Broncos in the Super League.

2008 Rugby League World Cup
The 2008 Rugby League World Cup was the thirteenth World Cup for men’s rugby league national teams. It was held between 26 October and 22 November and was won by New Zealand, who defeated Australia 34–20 in the final in one of the greatest upsets in the sports history.

Originally there was a plan to hold a World Cup in Australia in 2004, however the lack of competitiveness at the 2000 World Cup and rise of the Tri-Nations between Australia, New Zealand and Great Britain meant that plans for another World Cup were shelved.

For the World Cup to regain some credibility, the number of teams was reduced to ten with Australia, England, France, Papua New Guinea and New Zealand automatically qualifying and a qualifying tournament to determine the other five teams. The tournament ended a year of celebrations commemorating the centenary of the game in the Southern Hemisphere and was part of the Festival of World Cups.
Rudolf Hermanses
Rudolf Hermanses (1 September 1921 – 1 June 1970) was a bureaucrat from Indonesia. He served as the minister of agrarian affairs from 1964 until 1966.

Rudolf Hermanses was born at the Sangihe Islands on 1 September 1921. He studied law at the University of Indonesia and graduated in 1954. He was the assistant to the minister of agrarian affairs before being appointed as the minister of agrarian affairs on 4 Juni 1964 in a reshuffle of the Dwikora Cabinet. He retained his office in the second and third Dwikora Cabinet. He served until 25 July 1966. He died on 1 June 1970 in Jakarta and was buried at the Kalibata Heroes' Cemetery.

Kalibata Heroes' Cemetery
The National Main Heroes' Cemetery in Kalibata (Indonesian: Taman Makam Pahlawan Nasional Utama Kalibata), colloquially known as Kalibata Heroes' Cemetery (Indonesian: Taman Makam Pahlawan Kalibata or TMP Kalibata), is a military cemetery in Kalibata, South Jakarta, Indonesia. It was built in 1953 and opened on 10 November 1954. Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie was the first Indonesian President to be buried in the cemetery following his death on 11 September 2019. Former Indonesian foreign minister Agus Salim, who died 6 days before the cemetery was opened, was the first senior politician buried in the cemetery. There were also 121 bodies moved from Heroes' Cemetery in Ancol.

More than 7,000  military casualties and veterans from the Indonesian War of Independence are buried there. This includes many veterans of the Imperial Japanese Army who stayed in the Dutch colony after World War II of their own free will and fought for Indonesian independence.
Companion matrix
In linear algebra, the  Frobenius companion matrix of the monic polynomial

is the square matrix defined as

Some authors use the transpose of this matrix, , which is more convenient for some purposes such as linear recurrence relations (see below).

is defined from the coefficients of , while the characteristic polynomial as well as the minimal polynomial of  are equal to . In this sense, the matrix  and the polynomial  are "companions".

Monic polynomial
In algebra, a monic polynomial is a non-zero univariate polynomial (that is, a polynomial in a single variable) in which the leading coefficient (the coefficient of the nonzero term of highest degree) is equal to 1. That is to say, a monic polynomial is one that can be written as

with
Extinct in the wild
A species that is extinct in the wild (EW) is one that has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as only consisting of living members kept in captivity or as a naturalized population outside its historic range. Classification requires exhaustive surveys conducted within the species' known habitat with consideration given to seasonality, time of day, and life cycle. Once a species is classified as EW, the only way for it to be downgraded is through reintroduction.

Not all EW species are rare. An example is the Brugmansia genus, where all seven species are widely cultivated, but none are found in the wild.

Captivity
Captivity, or being held captive, is a state wherein humans or other animals are confined to a particular space and prevented from leaving or moving freely. An example in humans is imprisonment. Prisoners of war are usually held in captivity by a government hostile to their own. Animals are held in captivity in zoos, and often as pets and as livestock.