hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Royal Lancashire Show
The Royal Lancashire Show (RLS) is an agricultural show which takes place every year at different locations throughout the historical county boundaries of Lancashire in Northern England. The show is organised by the Royal Lancashire Agricultural Society (RLAS) and is one of Britain's oldest agricultural shows, first taking place in 1767. It is a three-day event.

Agricultural show
An agricultural show, county show or farm show is a public event exhibiting the equipment, animals, sports and recreation associated with agriculture and animal husbandry. The largest comprise a livestock show (a judged event or display in which breeding stock is exhibited), a trade fair, competitions, and entertainment. The work and practices of farmers, animal fanciers, cowboys, and zoologists may be displayed. The terms agricultural show and livestock show are synonymous with the North American terms county fair and state fair, and the UK county show.

Agricultural shows tend to be important events for sharing different agricultural practices or techniques, learning about new technologies or celebrating achievements by producers through competitions.
Attorney-General (Vic) ex rel Dale v Commonwealth
Attorney-General (Vic); Ex rel Dale v Commonwealth, commonly known as the "First Pharmaceutical Benefits case", was a High Court of Australia decision.  The case dealt with limits of the powers of the Australian Federal Government under section 81 of the Constitution of Australia, to take and spend money by legislation, in this case to fund reduced prices for prescription medicines.

Appropriation bill
An appropriation bill, also known as supply bill or spending bill, is a proposed law that authorizes the expenditure of government funds. It is a bill that sets money aside for specific spending. In some democracies, approval of the legislature is necessary for the government to spend money.

In a Westminster parliamentary system, the defeat of an appropriation bill in a parliamentary vote generally necessitates either the resignation of a government or the calling of a general election. One of the more famous examples of the defeat of a supply bill was the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis, when the Senate, which was controlled by the opposition, refused to approve a package of appropriation and loan bills, prompting Governor-General Sir John Kerr to dismiss Prime Minister Gough Whitlam and appoint Malcolm Fraser as caretaker Prime Minister until the next election (where the Fraser government was elected).
Anna Marie (song)
"Anna Marie" is a song written by Cindy Walker, sung by Jim Reeves, and released on the RCA Victor label. In December 1958, it peaked at No. 3 on Billboard's country and western jockey chart. It spent 18 weeks on the charts and was also ranked No. 35 on Billboard's 1958 year-end country and western chart.

Jim Reeves
James Travis Reeves (August 20, 1923 – July 31, 1964) was an American singer, songwriter, and musician. One of the earliest pioneers and practitioners of the Nashville sound, he played a central role in the sonic development of country music in the 1960s. Known as "Gentleman Jim", his songs continued to chart for years after his death in a plane crash. He is a member of both the Country Music and Texas Country Music Halls of Fame.
Karen Tallian
Karen Rae Tallian (born December 2, 1950) is an American politician and attorney who served as a member of the Indiana Senate for the 4th district from December 2005 through October 2021. She was re-elected in 2006, 2010 and 2014. While serving in the Senate, Tallian, a progressive, has supported medicinal prescription and the decriminalization of marijuana, and has authored bills in its favor. In 2015, she announced her candidacy for governor of Indiana but dropped out that same year, well before the primary season. Tallian was also a candidate for the Democratic Party nomination for Indiana Attorney General in 2020, but lost the nomination to Jonathan Weinzapfel.

Expressing frustration with the way the Republican majority ran the Indiana legislature, Tallian retired in mid-term at the end of October, 2021.

In March, 2025 Tallian was elected Chair of the Indiana Democratic Party.

Indiana Senate
The Indiana State Senate is the upper house of the Indiana General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Indiana. The Senate is composed of 50 members representing an equal number of constituent districts. Senators serve four-year terms without term limits. According to the 2010 U.S. census, the average state senator represents 129,676 people.

The Senate convenes at the Indiana Statehouse in Indianapolis, Indiana.
Anil Malnad
Anil Malnad (12 October 1957 – 19 March 2018) was an Indian editor who worked in over 200 films across Telugu, Tamil and Odia languages. He won the National Film Award for Best Editing for the Telugu film Sitaara (1984).

Vamsa Vruksham
Vamsa Vruksham (transl. The genealogy tree) is a 1980 Indian Telugu-language drama film directed by Bapu. The film stars Anil Kapoor, J. V. Somayajulu, Kanta Rao, Mukkamala, and Jyothi. The film marked Kapoor's debut as an actor in a lead role. It is a remake of the 1972 Kannada film Vamsha Vriksha which was based on S. L. Bhyrappa's novel of same name. Mullapudi Venkata Ramana wrote the screenplay.

Released on 20 November 1980, the film was not commercially successful. It was later dubbed into Hindi as Pyaar Ka Sindoor in 1986.
MileIQ
MileIQ is an American-based technology company that develops a mileage tracking and logging app.

The app uses automatic mileage tracking to calculate mileage while driving for business purposes that can then be used to report for reimbursement and potentially a tax deduction with the IRS, being attributed as the first mobile app to passively track such data. MileIQ has been compared to Fitbit for driving and has been discussed in national business publications that include Fast Company, Fortune, and Forbes.

On November 5, 2015, Microsoft announced that it had acquired MileIQ. On March 18, 2021, Microsoft divested MileIQ and it became an independent company again. Subsequently in July 2025, the company was acquired by Bending Spoons for $233 million.

Fast Company
Fast Company is an American business magazine published monthly in print and online, focusing on technology, business, and design. Founded in 1995, it releases six print issues annually, in addition to various ranking lists, podcasts, newsletters, and paid communities of business executives. As of 2025, Fast Company attracts millions of monthly readers. It is owned by Mansueto Ventures.
Winning Widows
Winning Widows is a British television sitcom which first aired on ITV between 1961 and 1962. It stars Peggy Mount and Avice Landone as Martha and Mildred, two widowed sisters who move in together.

Other actors who appeared in the series include Thorley Walters, Carole Shelley, Anthony Sagar, Willoughby Goddard, Harold Goodwin, Hugh Paddick, John Junkin, Davy Kaye, Barbara Hicks, Graham Stark, Joe Melia, Ronnie Stevens, Anneke Wills and Bernard Cribbins.

Only two of the thirteen episodes are known to survive.

Anthony Sagar
Anthony Sagar (19 June 1920 – 24 January 1973) was an English character actor and a member of the National Theatre. He was prolific screen performer and appeared in many films (including seven of the Carry On series) and television series including the 1959 adaptation of The Moonstone, Steptoe and Son, The Avengers and Dad's Army.
Łęgi, Świdwin County
Łęgi [ˈwɛnɡi] (German: Langen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Połczyn-Zdrój, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) west of Połczyn-Zdrój, 13 km (8 mi) east of Świdwin, and 100 km (62 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Świdwin County
Świdwin County (Polish: powiat świdwiński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Świdwin, which lies 89 kilometres (55 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. The only other town in the county is Połczyn-Zdrój, lying 23 km (14 mi) east of Świdwin.

The county covers an area of 1,093.06 square kilometres (422.0 sq mi). As of 2012 its total population is 49,181.
Let Freedom Ring
Let Freedom Ring is an album by American jazz saxophonist Jackie McLean, recorded in 1962 and released on the Blue Note label. It features McLean in a quartet with pianist Walter Davis Jr., bassist Herbie Lewis and drummer Billy Higgins.

McLean wrote three of the four compositions. "Melody for Melonae" is dedicated to his daughter (as was an earlier composition, "Little Melonae"), and appeared as "Melanie" on Matador, a later recording that he made with Kenny Dorham. The slower-tempo performance on Let Freedom Ring was the first occasion that McLean used "provocative upper-register screams". "Rene" and "Omega" are both blues-related pieces, the former with a standard twelve-bar structure and harmonies, the latter more abstract and modal. The one non-McLean track is Bud Powell's ballad, "I'll Keep Loving You".

Twelve-bar blues
The twelve-bar blues (or blues changes) is one of the most prominent chord progressions in popular music. The blues progression has a distinctive form in lyrics, phrase, chord structure, and duration. In its basic form, it is predominantly based on the I, IV, and V chords of a key. Mastery of the blues and rhythm changes are "critical elements for building a jazz repertoire".
Erfoud manuport
The Erfoud manuport (300,000-200,000 BP) is a 70 mm long and 35 mm wide (at its widest point) fossilized fragment of a cuttlefish resembling naturalistic, life-size, non-erect human phallus.

The fossil was found in 1984 by Lutz Fiedler of Marburg University, Germany, at an archaeological site near the towns of Erfoud and Rissani in eastern Morocco. It was located among a dense cluster of Late Acheulian stone tools. No evidence of carving or shaping have been detected.

While cuttlefish fossils are not themselves rare in other parts of Morocco, they are not native to the region in which the Erfoud manuport was found. It has, therefore, been thought that this fossil was intentionally brought back to the camp due to its natural phallic resemblance, which makes it a candidate for being a manuport. However, no further research regarding this artifact has been done.

Erfoud
Erfoud (Berber languages: ⴰⵔⴼⵓⴷ, Arfud; Arabic: أرفود) is an oasis town in the Sahara, in the Drâa-Tafilalet region, eastern Morocco. It belongs to ait atta tribe, divided into several districts: Hay Salam, Hay Jdid, Hay Ziz, Hay el Bathaa, Hay Annahda, and Hay el Hamri.

Due to its proximity to Merzouga desert village in the Erg Chebbi Dunes, Erfoud has developed tourist-related infrastructures such as hotels and restaurants.
Jonas Vaidutis
Jonas Vaidutis (Latin: Waydutte; Polish: Jan Wajduta Butawtowicz; 1365 – spring 1402) was a Lithuanian duke, priest, and academic rector from the Gediminid dynasty. Vaidutis was a son of duke Butautas and a grandson of the former Lithuanian monarch Kęstutis. He titled himself as the Duke of Drohiczyn.

He held the positions of the Custos of the Franciscans of Kraków and the Canon of Kraków and Sandomierz. From 1401 to 1402, the year of his death, he was the Rector of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków.

According to Czech philologist Tomáš Hoskovec, Vaidutis was the first ethnic Lithuanian to be a European intellectual. Lithuanian-American historian Vanda Sruogienė deemed him the earliest known Lithuanian to graduate from a university. His pre-Christian Lithuanian  name Vaidutis is sometimes confused with that of his uncle Vaidotas.

Intellectual
An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about the nature of reality, especially the nature of society and proposed solutions for its normative problems. Coming from the world of culture, either as a creator or as a mediator, the intellectual participates in politics, either to defend a concrete proposition or to denounce an injustice, usually by either rejecting, producing or extending an ideology, and by defending a system of values.
Matt McCoy (politician)
Matthew W. "Matt" McCoy (born March 29, 1966) is a member of the Board of Supervisors of Polk County, Iowa, representing the fifth district. A member of the Iowa Democratic Party, McCoy served in the Iowa Senate from 1997 to 2019 and the Iowa House of Representatives from 1993 to 1997. McCoy was the first openly gay member of the Iowa General Assembly.

Iowa Democratic Party
The Iowa Democratic Party (IDP) is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Iowa.

The party organizes the Democratic Iowa presidential caucuses. In recent years, the party has lost ground in the state, holding no congressional seats from Iowa, superminorities in both houses of the state legislature, and only one out of seven statewide elected officials.
Ratajki
Ratajki [raˈtai̯ki] (German: Ratteick) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sianów, within Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) east of Sianów, 19 km (12 mi) east of Koszalin, and 152 km (94 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Sianów
Sianów (Polish pronunciation: [ˈɕanuf]; German: Zanow) is a town in northern Poland, in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in Koszalin County. It is the seat of Gmina Sianów. It has 6,555 inhabitants (2010).

Sianów is a member of Cittaslow.
1290 Zhili earthquake
The 1290 Zhili earthquake occurred on 27 September with an epicenter near Ningcheng, Zhongshu Sheng (Zhili), Yuan China. This region is today administered as part of Inner Mongolia, China. The earthquake had an estimated surface-wave magnitude of 6.8 and a maximum felt intensity of IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale. One estimate places the death toll at 7,270, while another has it at 100,000.

Zhongshu Sheng
The Zhongshu Sheng (中書省), also known as the Palace Secretariat or Central Secretariat, was one of the departments of the Three Departments and Six Ministries government structure in imperial China from the Cao Wei (220–266) until the early Ming dynasty. As one of the Three Departments, the Zhongshu Sheng was primarily a policy-formulating agency responsible for proposing and drafting all imperial decrees, but its actual function varied at different times. The department traces its origins back to the Han dynasty.
Sylvie Giry-Rousset
Sylvie Giry-Rousset (born 21 July 1965) is a French cross-country skier who competed at a high level from 1992 to 1994.

Rousset was born in Grenoble, Isère.  Competing in two Winter Olympics, she earned her best results at the 1992 Games in Albertville with a fifth in the 4 × 5 km relay and 28th in the 15 km event.

Giry Rousset's best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was 37th in the 15 km event at Falun in 1993. Her best World Cup finish as 29th twice in 1992.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1993
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1993 took place 19–28 February 1993 in Falun, Sweden, for the third time (1954, 1974). This event saw the creation of the combined pursuit where competitors would skate one distance in the classical interval style (10 km: men, 5 km: women) one day, then follow the next day in the freestyle pursuit (15 km: men, 10 km: women) with the first distance winner going first in the pursuit. Additionally it was the first competition since the breakup of the Soviet Union in late 1991 and the first competition with Czechoslovakia having been split up as the Czech Republic and Slovakia, however, the two nations competed as combined teams in women's relay in cross-country skiing and team large hill in ski jumping.
Archips dichotoma
Archips dichotoma is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Heilongjiang, Sichuan), North Korea and Russia (Primorye).

The wingspan is about 24 mm.

The larvae feed on Aralia mandshurica, Juglans mandshurica, Prunus mandshurica, Fraxinus rhynochoplylla, Lespedeza bicolor, Maackia amurensis, Ulmus propinqua and Salix rorida.

Aralia elata
Aralia elata, also known as the Japanese angelica tree, Chinese angelica-tree, or Korean angelica-tree, is a species of woody plant in the family Araliaceae native to eastern Asia (in Russia, China, Taiwan, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan).
150 personae non gratae of Turkey
The 150 personae non gratae of Turkey (Turkish: Yüzellilikler, lit. 'Hundred-and-fiftyers') is a list of high-ranking personages of the Ottoman Empire who were exiled from the Republic of Turkey shortly after the end of the Turkish War of Independence with the Armistice of Mudanya on 11 October 1922. The Sultanate was abolished by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in Angora (Ankara) on 1 November 1922, and the last Ottoman Sultan, Mehmed VI, was declared persona non grata. Leaving Istanbul aboard the British warship HMS Malaya on 17 November 1922, he was sent into exile and died in Sanremo, Italy, on 16 May 1926.

The list was created on 23 April 1924, by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, and revised on 1 June 1924. By targeting the former Imperial ruling-elite, it reaffirmed the political and cultural break between the Empire and the Republic. The preliminary list contained 600 individuals, negotiated down to its final form of 150 with the Treaty of Lausanne.

Sanremo
Sanremo, also spelled San Remo in English and formerly in Italian, is a comune (municipality) on the Mediterranean coast of Liguria, in northwestern Italy. Founded in Roman times, it has a population of about 53,000, and is known as a tourist destination on the Italian Riviera. It hosts numerous cultural events, such as the Sanremo Music Festival and the Milan–San Remo cycling classic. Italo Calvino, the most significant figure of 20th century Italian literature, spent his formative years here.
Katharine Perera
Katharine Perera (1943-2016)  was a Professor  of linguistics at the University of Manchester specialising in Children's language development.  She was a pro- and later senior pro-vice-chancellor at the University of Manchester. In addition to her scholarly work she was a major contributor to a contentious report for the Department for Education and Science on the national school curriculum in English. One of her recommendations was that  "Children should write in standard English when appropriate."  Margaret Thatcher the UK prime minister argued for the deletion of the last two words of this sentence .... but they were, at Perera's insistence, retained.

Department for Education
The Department for Education (DfE) is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It is responsible for child protection, child services, education (compulsory, further, and higher education), apprenticeships, and wider skills in England.

A Department for Education previously existed between 1992, when the Department of Education and Science was renamed, and 1995, when it was merged with the Department for Employment to become the Department for Education and Employment.

The current holder of Secretary of State for Education is the Rt Hon Bridget Phillipson MP and Susan Acland-Hood is the permanent secretary.

The expenditure, administration, and policy of the Department of Education are scrutinised by the Education Select Committee.
Gaetan Pikioune
Gaetan Pikioune (born 1965) or Pikinoune is a Vanuatuan politician and a member of the Parliament of Vanuatu from Espiritu Santo. He was a member of the Nagriamel movement, before being expelled in 2018. In 2019 he co-founded the Vanuatu Liberal Movement. In 2025 he was elected to parliament as an independent, and then joined the Reunification Movement for Change. He was Minister of Finance from February 2016 to April 2020.

Reunification Movement for Change
The Reunification Movement for Change (sometimes written as the Reunification of Movements for Change) is a political party in Vanuatu resulting from a split in the Union of Moderate Parties in 2012. At the 2016 election the party won 3.44% of the vote and 3 seats, resulting in its leader Charlot Salwai being appointed Prime Minister. The party was also included in the governing coalitions that emerged from the two following elections, in 2020 and 2022, where it won 7 and 5 seats respectively.
Bend City, California
Bend City is a former settlement in Inyo County, California. It was located on the Owens River near the modern-day town of Kearsarge. Founded in the 1863, Bend City was originally a mining camp. Bend City was the site of the first county bridge spanning the Owens River. The 1872 Lone Pine earthquake changed the course of the river away from the townsite, which had already declined. The site is now registered as California Historical Landmark #209.

1872 Owens Valley earthquake
The 1872 Owens Valley earthquake – also known as the Lone Pine earthquake – struck on March 26 at 2:30 a.m. local time (10:30 UTC) in the Owens Valley (California, along the east side of the Sierra Nevada), with the epicenter near the town of Lone Pine. Its magnitude has been estimated at Mw 7.4 to 7.9, with a maximum Mercalli Intensity of X (Extreme). It was one of the most powerful earthquakes to hit California in recorded history and was similar in strength to the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Twenty-seven people were killed and fifty-six were injured.
Glass electrode
A glass electrode is a type of ion-selective electrode made of a doped glass membrane that is sensitive to a specific ion. The most common application of ion-selective glass electrodes is for the measurement of pH. The pH electrode is an example of a glass electrode that is sensitive to hydrogen ions. Glass electrodes play an important part in the instrumentation in analytical chemistry and in physicochemical studies. The voltage of the glass electrode, relative to some reference value, is sensitive to changes in the activity of certain types of ions.

Concentration
In chemistry, concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. Several types of mathematical description can be distinguished: mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration. The concentration can refer to any kind of chemical mixture, but most frequently refers to solutes and solvents in solutions. The molar (amount) concentration has variants, such as normal concentration and osmotic concentration. Dilution is reduction of concentration, e.g., by adding solvent to a solution. The verb "to concentrate" means to increase concentration, the opposite of dilute.
1970–71 Portland Trail Blazers season
The 1970–71 Portland Trail Blazers season was the inaugural season of the Portland Trail Blazers in the National Basketball Association (NBA). In their first regular season game on October 16, 1970, they beat the fellow expansion Cleveland Cavaliers 115–112, with 4,273 people in attendance.

The Trail Blazers played a regular season home game at McArthur Court in Eugene, Oregon on February 19, 1971, against the Cincinnati Royals. Portland was defeated by Cincinnati, 102–109.

Portland finished last in the Pacific Division with a record of 29–53 (.354). Of the three expansion teams, their record was the best; with seven more wins than the Buffalo Braves and fourteen more than the Cavaliers. The leading scorer for the Blazers was Geoff Petrie; he averaged 24.8 points per game and shared Rookie of the Year honors with Boston Celtics star Dave Cowens.

1970–71 NBA season
The 1970–71 NBA season was the 25th season of the National Basketball Association. The season ended with the Milwaukee Bucks winning the NBA Championship, beating the Baltimore Bullets 4 games to 0 in the NBA Finals. Three new teams made their debut: the Cleveland Cavaliers, the Portland Trail Blazers, and the Buffalo Braves.