hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Villabuona
The Battle of Villabuona (sometimes spelled "Villabona") was fought on 29 May 1630 in the frazione of Villabona (a locality in the comune of Goito) in southern Lombardy during the Mantuan war of succession between an allied Franco-Venetian army led by the Venetian provveditore Zaccaria Sagredo and the French commander Duc de Candale on one side and the Imperial army of Mathias Gallas on the other. The more numerous Franco-Venetians and their Mantuan allies hoped to end the Imperial siege of Mantua but were comprehensively defeated by Gallas' smaller force, numbering perhaps 10,000 men. The defeat was tactically and strategically significant for the allies and "rendered the outcome of the siege of Mantua a foregone conclusion", leading to the collapse of the city's defenses and its infamous sack later that year.

Valeggio sul Mincio
Valeggio sul Mincio (Venetian: Vałézo sol Menzo) is a commune in the Province of Verona, region of Veneto, Italy, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) west of Venice and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Verona. It is crossed by the Mincio river. Its frazione of Borghetto is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

The economy is mostly based on agriculture, with some craftwork and industrial production. Valeggio sul Mincio borders the following municipalities: Castelnuovo del Garda, Marmirolo, Monzambano, Mozzecane, Peschiera del Garda, Ponti sul Mincio, Roverbella, Sommacampagna, Sona, Villafranca di Verona, and Volta Mantovana.
Peter C. Vance
Peter C. Vance or P. C. Vance was an American politician who served as a member of the Illinois House of Representatives.

He served as a state representative representing Brown County and Schuyler County in the 13th Illinois General Assembly.

Brown County, Illinois
Brown County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,244. Its county seat is Mount Sterling. Siloam Springs State Park is located partly in this county.
Mansel Aylward
Sir Mansel Aylward CB FLSW (November 1942 – 29 May 2024) was a Welsh public health physician and academic. He was Chief Medical Officer, Medical Director and Chief Scientist at the U.K. Government Department for Work and Pensions.

Aylward was Director of the Centre for Psychosocial Research, Occupational and Physician Health at Cardiff University School of Medicine. He was appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 2002 Birthday Honours and knighted in the 2010 New Year Honours, for services to healthcare. He was made a Freeman of the Borough of Merthyr Tydfil in 2013 and elected to the fellowship of the Learned Society of Wales in 2016.

From 2009 to 2017, he was the first Chair of Public Health Wales NHS Trust, responsible for the delivery of public health services at national, local and community levels in Wales. He was later the Chair (Emeritus) of the Bevan Commission, a group of international experts which advises the Welsh Minister for Health and Social Services.

Cardiff University School of Medicine
The Cardiff University School of Medicine (Welsh: Ysgol Feddygaeth Prifysgol Caerdydd) is the medical school of Cardiff University and is located in Cardiff, Wales, UK. Founded in 1893 as part of the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire, it is the oldest of the three medical schools in Wales.

It is one of the largest medical schools in the United Kingdom, employing nearly 600 academic and 450 support staff; and with over 1000 undergraduate and 1100 postgraduate students enrolled on medical and scientific courses. The school has an annual financial turnover of over £50 million, of which nearly half comes from competitive external research funding. The school is based at the University Hospital of Wales in Cardiff. It offers undergraduate and postgraduate programs in teaching and research across the Centre for Medical Education and divisions such as Cancer and Genetics, Infection and Immunity, Population Medicine, and Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences.
2008–09 Duleep Trophy
The 2008–09 Duleep Trophy was the 48th season of the Duleep Trophy, a first-class cricket tournament contested by five zonal teams of India: Central Zone, East Zone, North Zone, South Zone and West Zone.

West Zone won the title, defeating South Zone in the final.

North Zone cricket team
The North Zone cricket team is a first-class cricket team that represents northern India in the Duleep Trophy and Deodhar Trophy. It is a composite team of players from seven first-class Indian teams from northern India competing in the Ranji Trophy: Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab and Services. North Zone has the strongest track record of all the zones in the Duleep Trophy, as they have won the Trophy 17 times, with the next best team, West Zone having won 16 times. They hold the record for the most consecutive titles, five, from 1990/91 through to 1994/95.
Dharakhoh railway station
Dharakhoh railway station is a railway station of Bhopal–Nagpur section under Nagpur CR railway division of West Central Railway zone of Indian Railways. The station is situated at Sihari in Betul district of Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.

West Central Railway zone
The West Central Railway (abbreviated WCR), one of the 19 zones of the Indian Railways, came into existence on 1 April 2003. It is headquartered at Jabalpur. It was created by taking away two divisions namely Bhopal division and Jabalpur division from central railways and one division namely Kota division from Western Railway zone. The WCR zone provides rail route coverage to the west central region of India. Most of its route is in the states of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan with a very little portion in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
Charles Kunje
Charles Kunje (born 27 May 1994) is a Zimbabwean cricketer. He made his Twenty20 debut for Matabeleland Tuskers in the 2018–19 Stanbic Bank 20 Series on 11 March 2019. In December 2020, he was selected to play for the Rhinos in the 2020–21 Logan Cup.

2020–21 Logan Cup
The 2020–21 Logan Cup was the 27th edition of the Logan Cup, a first-class cricket competition in Zimbabwe, which started on 9 December 2020. After originally scheduled to start on 3 December 2020, the tournament was moved back a week to allow time to set up a bio-secure bubble. Five teams took part in the competition, including the Southern Rocks, who last played in the 2013–14 tournament. There was no defending champion, after the previous tournament was voided due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Four matches were played during December 2020. However, on 3 January 2021, Zimbabwe Cricket halted all cricket in the country following a rise in COVID-19 cases. In mid-March 2021, it was reported that the tournament would resume later that month, with the next round of matches starting on 18 March 2021.

In March 2021, Rocks won their first ever Logan Cup title, with a match left to play.
Isaac Hong
Isaac Hong (Korean: 홍이삭; born 12 May 1988) is a South Korean singer-songwriter. He is best known for singing South Korean drama soundtracks, including "Fallin'" from Queen of Tears. Prior to that, Hong also won the third season of JTBC program Sing Again and appeared in the first season of Superband.

Choi Yu-ree
Choi Yu-ree (Korean: 최유리; born November 24, 1998) is a South Korean singer-songwriter. Choi is known as the winner of the 29th Yoo Jae-ha Music Contest in 2018 and as one of the 23rd CJ Azit TuneUp Musicians. Her most famous single is Wish, original soundtrack of Netflix original series Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha (2021).
Methylobacterium oxalidis
Methylobacterium oxalidis  is a Gram-negative, facultatively methylotrophic, non-spore-forming and motile bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from the leaves of the plant Oxalis corniculata in Japan.

Methylotroph
Methylotrophs  are a diverse group of microorganisms that can use reduced one-carbon compounds, such as methanol or methane, as the carbon source for their growth; and multi-carbon compounds that contain no carbon-carbon bonds, such as dimethyl ether and dimethylamine. This group of microorganisms also includes those capable of assimilating reduced one-carbon compounds by way of carbon dioxide using the ribulose bisphosphate pathway.  These organisms should not be confused with methanogens which on the contrary produce methane as a by-product from various one-carbon compounds such as carbon dioxide.
Some methylotrophs can degrade the greenhouse gas methane, and in this case they are called methanotrophs. The abundance, purity, and low resource cost of methanol compared to commonly used sugars make methylotrophs competent organisms for production of amino acids, vitamins, recombinant proteins, single-cell proteins, co-enzymes and cytochromes.
Beautiful (2000 film)
Beautiful is a 2000 American comedy drama film directed by Sally Field (in her feature film directorial debut), starring Minnie Driver and Hallie Eisenberg. The plot deals with the sacrifices that contestants in the Miss America pageant typically must make. The film had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival and was released theatrically on September 29, 2000. It received negative reviews and was a commercial disappointment.

Miss America
Miss America is an annual competition that is open to women from the United States between the ages of 18 and 28. Originating in 1921 as a "bathing beauty revue", the contest is judged on competition segments with scoring percentages: Private Interview (30%) – a 10-minute press conference-style interview with a panel of judges, On Stage Question (10%) – answering a judge's question onstage, Talent or HER Story (20%) – a performance talent or 90 second speech, Health and Fitness (20%) – demonstrated physical fitness onstage dressed in athletic wear, and Evening Gown (20%) – modeling evening-wear onstage.

The previous year's titleholder crowns the winner. Miss America 2026 is Cassie Donegan of New York, who was crowned on September 7, 2025, at the Dr Phillips Center for the Performing Arts in Orlando, Florida.
Aristocrat Leisure
Aristocrat Leisure Limited is an Australian gambling machine manufacturer, which has its administrative and research headquarters in the Sydney suburb of North Ryde. It has marketing and development offices in South Africa, Russia and the United States.

Aristocrat is the largest gambling machine manufacturer in Australia, and one of the largest manufacturers of slot machines in the world, currently second only to International Game Technology.

North Ryde
North Ryde is a suburb located in the Northern Sydney region of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. North Ryde is located 15 kilometres north-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Ryde.

One of Australia's major business districts, North Ryde is home to many multi-national corporations such as Hewlett-Packard, Oracle and Honeywell. The suburb is the site of Macquarie University and its residents include those from the university academe and the research sector. The CSIRO also has a major site on Delhi Road in the Riverside Corporate Park.

North Ryde shares the postcode of 2113 with adjacent suburbs Macquarie Park and East Ryde. These suburbs were once part of North Ryde and many businesses and residences in these suburbs still advertise their address as being in North Ryde. Adjacent Macquarie University was issued with its own postcode, 2109, by Australia Post in the late 1980s.
Hammond School (South Carolina)
Hammond School, originally James H. Hammond Academy, is a pre-K through 12  private school in Columbia, South Carolina, with 1008 total students as of 2025. The school was founded in 1966 as a segregation academy. Hammond School's leader is Andy North. It is accredited by the South Carolina Independent School Association (SAIS) and the National Association of Independent Schools (NAIS). The school's namesake, James Henry Hammond – a brutal slaveholder known for his sexual exploitation of enslaved women and of his four teenage nieces – has been a source of enduring controversy.

National Association of Independent Schools
The National Association of Independent Schools (NAIS) is a U.S.-based membership organization for private, nonprofit, K-12 schools. Founded in 1962, NAIS represents independent schools and associations in the United States, including day, boarding, and day/boarding schools; elementary and secondary schools; boys', girls', and coeducational schools.  NAIS also has affiliate members internationally.
Hackney Empire
Hackney Empire is a theatre on Mare Street, in Hackney in the London Borough of Hackney. Originally designed by Frank Matcham it was built in 1901 as a music hall, and expanded in 2001. Described by The Guardian as "the most beautiful theatre in London" it is an Arts Council England National Portfolio Organisation. In 2021, pop singer Leona Lewis became the patron of the Empire.

The architectural writer Nikolaus Pevsner described the Hackney Empire as "among the best-surviving Edwardian suburban variety theatres". Samantha Ellis in The Guardian writes, "From Chaplin to Gracie, the Hackney Empire played host to the greatest stars of music hall".

Dawn French
Dawn Roma French (born 11 October 1957) is a British actress, comedian, and writer. She is known for writing and starring in the BBC sketch comedy series French and Saunders (1987–2007) with her friend and comedy partner Jennifer Saunders, and for starring in the BBC comedy series Murder Most Horrid (1991–1999) and The Vicar of Dibley (1994–2007). She has been nominated for seven British Academy Television Awards and won a BAFTA Fellowship with Saunders in 2009.
Eric Nussbaumer
Eric Nussbaumer (born 11 September 1960 in Mulhouse) is a French-born Swiss politician who currently serves on the National Council (Switzerland) for the Social Democratic Party since 2007. He concurrently served as the President of the National Council from 2023 to 2024.

National Council (Switzerland)
The National Council (German: Nationalrat; French: Conseil national; Italian: Consiglio nazionale; Romansh: Cussegl naziunal) is a house of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland, representing the people. The other house, the Council of States, represents the states. As the powers of the houses are the same, it is sometimes called perfect bicameralism. Both houses meet in the Federal Palace of Switzerland in Bern.

The National Council consists of 200 members. Adult citizens elect the council's members, who are called national Councillors, for four year terms. Members are apportioned to the cantons in proportion to their population.
Frank Klotz
Frank Graham Klotz (born September 7, 1950) served as Under Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Security and Administrator for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy. He was confirmed for the position on April 8, 2014, and retired on January 20, 2018.

Until retiring in 2011, Klotz was a United States Air Force Lieutenant General who last served as the commander of Air Force Global Strike Command, Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana.

He was born in Lubbock, Texas.

National War College
The National War College (NWC) is a school within the United States' National Defense University. It is housed in Roosevelt Hall on Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C., the third-oldest Army post still active.
Analogue (theatre company)
Analogue is a British multi-disciplinary performance company based in the South-East of England. The company consists of Artistic Directors Liam Jarvis and Hannah Barker, and Producer Ric Watts. The work of the company is led by the directors and created collectively with "Associate Artists" who are invited to collaborate on new projects.

A company mainly focusing on progressive theatre and exploring contemporary social issues, they work with multiple companies both in the UK and overseas, whilst citing companies such as Complicite and Robert LePage as influences, in order to create multimedia theatre that appeals to the more modern generation.

Robert Lepage
Robert Lepage CC OQ (born December 12, 1957) is a Canadian playwright, actor, film director, and stage director. He is known for his multidisciplinary performance and production company called Ex Machina, which he founded in 1994 in Quebec City.
Nkosinathi Ndwandwe
Hummingfield Charles Nkosinathi Ndwandwe (born 29 January 1959) is a South African Anglican bishop: he has been Bishop of Mthatha since 2017. On 9 July 2021 he was elected to be the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Natal, by an electoral college of bishops for the Province of Southern Africa, meeting online.

Ndwandwe was born in Nongoma and ordained in 1983. He was previously Suffragan Bishop of Natal.

Anglican Diocese of Mthatha
The Diocese of Mthatha is a diocese of the Anglican Church of Southern Africa in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Before 2006 it was known as the Diocese of St John's, and earlier still as that of Kaffraria. The diocese currently has 96 parishes.
Elophila tinealis
Elophila tinealis, the black duckweed moth, is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Eugene G. Munroe in 1972. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Michigan, Ontario and New York, south to Florida and west to Texas. The habitat consists of swamps and wet woods.

The larvae feed on Lemna species.

Lemna
Lemna is a genus of free-floating aquatic plants referred to by the common name "duckweed". They are morphologically divergent members of the arum family Araceae. These rapidly growing plants have found uses as a model system for studies in community ecology, basic plant biology, ecotoxicology, and production of biopharmaceuticals, and as a source of animal feeds for agriculture and aquaculture. Currently, 14 species of Lemna are recognised.
The Masked Monkey
Children's literature portal

Novels portal

The Masked Monkey is the fifty-first volume in the original The Hardy Boys series of mystery books for children and teens published by Grosset & Dunlap.

This book was written for the Stratemeyer Syndicate by Vincent Buranelli in 1972.

Stratemeyer Syndicate
The Stratemeyer Syndicate was an American book packaging company that produced a number of book series for children, including Nancy Drew, The Hardy Boys, the various Tom Swift series, the Bobbsey Twins, the Rover Boys, and others. It contracted the many pseudonymous authors who wrote the series from 1899 to 1987, and arranged the publishing by firms such as Grosset & Dunlap. In 1987 it was sold to Simon & Schuster.
Outline of Sikhism
The following outline is provides an overview of Sikhism, or Sikhi (its endonym).

Sikhism has been described as being either a panentheistic or monotheistic religion—emphasizing universal selflessness and brotherhood—founded in the 15th century upon the teachings of Guru Nanak and the ten succeeding Gurus. It is the fifth-largest organized religion in the world, and one of the fastest-growing.

The sacred text and last Guru of Sikhism, Guru Granth Sahib, teaches humans how to unite with the all cosmic soul; with God, the creator: "Only those who selflessly love everyone, they alone shall find God."

Major religious groups
The world's principal religions and spiritual traditions may be classified into a small number of major groups, though this is not a uniform practice. This theory began in the 18th century with the goal of recognizing the relative degrees of civility in different societies, but this concept of a ranking order has since fallen into disrepute in many contemporary cultures.
Greip (moon)
Greip or Saturn LI is a natural satellite of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Jan Kleyna, and Brian G. Marsden on 26 June 2006, from observations taken between 5 January and 1 May 2006. Greip is about 5 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 18,066 Mm in 906.556 days, at an inclination of 172.7° to the ecliptic (159.2° to Saturn's equator), in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.3735, and is presumably at high risk of eventually colliding with Phoebe. It is unknown whether Greip is more similar to Suttungr or Hyrrokkin in color. Its rotation period is most likely 12.75±0.35 hours with two minima in the light curve, but a longer period of 19 hours cannot be ruled out due to the short observation time by Cassini–Huygens.

It is named after Greip, a giantess in Norse mythology.

David C. Jewitt
David Clifford Jewitt (born 1958) is an astronomer who studies the Solar System, especially its minor bodies. He is based at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he is a Member of the Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics, the Director of the Institute for Planets and Exoplanets, Professor of Astronomy in the Department of Physics and Astronomy and Professor of Astronomy in the Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences. He is best known for being the first person (along with Jane Luu) to discover a body beyond Pluto and Charon in the Kuiper belt.
Five mile
Five Mile or 5 Mile can refer to:

5 Mile, the Red Hose 5 Mile Race, a cross country race in Scotland

"5 Mile (These Are the Days)", a song by Turin Brakes

"5 Miles", a song by James Blunt from Once Upon a Mind, 2019

Five Mile Airport, in Alaska

Five Mile Lane, another name for A4226 road in Vale of Glamorgan, Wales

Five Mile Pond (Plymouth, Massachusetts)

Five Mile Press, an Australian publishing company

Five Mile River, in Connecticut

Five Mile River (East Brookfield River), in central Massachusetts

Five Mile River, Nova Scotia, Canada

Five mile road, in Michigan

Five Mile River (East Brookfield River tributary)
The Five Mile River (Fivemile River on federal maps) is a 10.1-mile-long (16.3 km) river in central Massachusetts, part of the Chicopee River watershed. It rises north of Dean Pond in the Town of Oakham within Rutland State Forest and flows south through Dean Pond to Brooks Pond, 2.5 miles (4.0 km) northeast of North Brookfield, then continues south to its mouth at the north end of Lake Lashaway, also in North Brookfield.
Paul Schindler
Paul E. Schindler Jr. (born September 17, 1952) is an American journalist known for being the software reviewer on the popular television program Computer Chronicles from 1985 to 1999. He worked for 20 years in computer journalism at CMP Technology and Ziff-Davis, including Computer Systems News, Information Systems News, Information Week, PC Week, Byte Magazine, and Windows Magazine.

A 1974 graduate of MIT, he now lives in the San Francisco Bay Area and was a middle-school history teacher at the Joaquin Moraga Intermediate School in Moraga, California. Paul was also a contestant on Jeopardy! in 1985 as well as five other television game shows.

UBM Technology Group
UBM Technology Group, formerly CMP Publications, was a business-to-business multimedia company that provided information and integrated marketing services to technology professionals worldwide. It offered marketers and advertisers services such as print, newsletters, custom web sites, and events. Its products and services include newspapers, magazines, Internet products, research, education and training, trade shows and conferences, direct marketing services and custom publishing.

Headquartered in San Francisco, California, UBM Technology Group was a part of UBM, a global business-to-business (B2B) events organiser which in turn owned by Informa and later absorbed into Informa TechTarget in 2024.