hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
British and American keyboards
There are two major keyboard layouts (English language computer keyboard layouts): the United States layout and the United Kingdom layout defined in BS 4822 (48-key version). Both are QWERTY layouts. Users in the United States do not frequently need to make use of the £ (pound) and € (euro) currency symbols, which are common needs in the United Kingdom and Ireland, although the $ (dollar sign) symbol is also provided as standard on UK and Irish keyboards. In other countries which predominantly use English as a common working language, such as Australia, Canada (in English-speaking parts), and New Zealand, the US keyboard is commonly used.

Acute accent
The acute accent (´, ◌́) is a diacritic used in many modern written languages with alphabets based on the Latin, Cyrillic, and Greek scripts. For the most commonly encountered uses of the accent in the Latin and Greek alphabets, precomposed characters are available.
1936 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1936 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 48th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.

Macroom entered the championship as the defending champions.

On 16 August 1936, Duhallow West won the championship following a 2–05 to 0–02 defeat of Clonakilty in the final at the Mardyke. This was their first ever championship title.

Macroom GAA
Macroom GAA is a Gaelic football and hurling club based in the town and surrounding parish of Macroom in County Cork, Ireland. The club is affiliated with Cork GAA county board and the Muskerry GAA divisional board. The club has been one of the most successful Gaelic football clubs in Cork, having won the Cork Senior Football Championship ten times and having contributed numerous players to Cork GAA football teams.
Dhauladhar
Dhauladhar (Hindi: धौलाधार) (lit. 'The White Range') is a mountain range which is part of a lesser Himalayan chain of mountains in northern India. It rises from the Shivalik hills, to the north of Kangra and Mandi. Dharamsala, the headquarters of Kangra district and the winter capital of the state of Himachal Pradesh, lies on its southern spur in the Kangra Valley. Chamba lies to the North of this range.

Sivalik Hills
The Sivalik Hills, also known as Churia Hills, are a mountain range of the outer Himalayas.
The literal translation of "Sivalik" is 'tresses of Shiva'. The hills are known for their numerous fossils, and are also home to the Soanian Middle Paleolithic archaeological culture.
San Juan de Dios Educational Foundation
San Juan de Dios Educational Foundation, Inc. (SJDEFI or SJ, formerly Hospital de San Juan de Dios) is a private, non-stock, non-profit, joint institute of education and tertiary health sciences operating as a college and a hospital in Pasay, Philippines. Both the colleges and hospital are run by the Daughters of Charity. It started out as a hospital in 1578. The hospital is considered the oldest hospital in the Philippines. It is named after San Juan de Dios, a Portuguese-born soldier that turned health-care worker of Spain.

Throughout the years, the school has received accreditation from organizations such as the Commission on Higher Education (CHEd), the Department of Education (DepEd). It has also become a member of the Catholic Educational Association of the Philippines (CEAP).

John of God
John of God, O.H. (Portuguese: João de Deus; Spanish: Juan de Dios; born João Duarte Cidade [ˈʒwɐ̃w̃ duˈwaɾ.t siˈða.ðɨ]; March 8, 1495 – March 8, 1550) was a Portuguese soldier turned healthcare worker in Spain, whose followers later formed the Brothers Hospitallers of Saint John of God, a Catholic religious institute dedicated to the care of the poor, sick and those with mental disorders.

Cidade was canonized by Pope Alexander VIII and is considered one of the leading religious figures in the history of the Iberian Peninsula.
Brunia replana
Brunia replana, the lichen-eating caterpillar or lichen moth, is a species of moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It is found in Australia (including New South Wales, Queensland and Tasmania).

The wingspan is about 30 mm.

Arctiinae
The Arctiinae (formerly called the family Arctiidae) are a large and diverse subfamily of moths with around 11,000 species found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species. This subfamily includes the groups commonly known as tiger moths (or tigers), which usually have bright colours, footmen, which are usually much drabber, lichen moths, and wasp moths. Many species have "hairy" caterpillars that are popularly known as woolly bears or woolly worms. The scientific name Arctiinae refers to this hairiness (Gk. αρκτος = a bear). Some species within the Arctiinae have the word "tussock"' in their common names because they have been misidentified as members of the Lymantriinae subfamily based on the characteristics of the larvae.
Martin Baddeley
Martin James Baddeley  (10 November 1936 – 28 June 2018) was an Anglican priest who served as the Archdeacon of Reigate from 1996 to 2000.

Baddeley was the son of Walter Baddeley, Bishop of Melanesia and then Bishop of Blackburn. He was educated at Keble College, Oxford and ordained deacon in 1962 and priest in 1963. He was a Curate at St Matthew, Stretford after which he was on the staff of Lincoln Theological College. From 1974 to 1980 he was a Canon Residentiary at Rochester Cathedral. Next he was in charge of ordinations at the Southwark for 14 years. His last job before his Archdeacon's appointment was as Joint Principal of the South East Institute for Theological Education.

Baddeley died on 28 June 2018, at the age of 81.

Principal (academia)
The principal is the chief executive and the chief academic officer of a university or college in certain parts of the Commonwealth.

In the United States, the principal is the head of school at most pre-university, non-boarding schools.
Grant Petersen
Grant Petersen  is a bicycle designer, author, and the founder and owner of Rivendell Bicycle Works.  He was U.S. marketing director for Bridgestone Cycle (U.S.A.), Inc. during the 1980s and 1990s, where he designed the XO series of bicycles.  He is known for promoting traditional bicycle technology and materials such as wide tires, fenders, leather saddles, and lugged steel frames with relaxed geometry over modern, lightweight, racing technology.

Bicycle frame
A bicycle frame is the main component of a bicycle, onto which wheels and other components are fitted. The modern and most common frame design for an upright bicycle is based on the safety bicycle, and consists of two triangles: a main triangle and a paired rear triangle. This is known as the diamond frame. Frames are required to be strong, stiff and light, which they do by combining different materials and shapes.
Prostitution in Greece
Prostitution in Greece is legal and regulated at the age of 18. It is estimated that fewer than 1,000 women are legally employed as prostitutes and approximately 20,000 women, half of whom are of foreign origin and the other half are Greek, are engaged in illegal prostitution. Many women affected by the economic crisis have turned to prostitution through poverty.

Procuring (prostitution)
Procuring, pimping, or pandering is the facilitation or provision of a prostitute or other sex worker in the arrangement of a sex act with a customer. A procurer, often called a pimp if male, or a madam if female, (though the term "pimp" is often used for female procurers as well) or a brothel keeper, is an agent for prostitutes who collects part of their earnings. The procurer may receive this money in return for advertising services, physical protection, or for providing and possibly monopolizing a location where the prostitute may solicit clients. Like prostitution, the legality of certain actions of a madam or a pimp vary from one region to the next.

Examples of procuring include: helping to support trafficking a person into a country for the purpose of soliciting sex; operating a business where prostitution occurs; transporting a prostitute to the location of their arrangement; and deriving financial gain from the prostitution of another.
Club Atlético Mitre
Club Atlético Mitre is an Argentine sports club located in the Santiago del Estero. The club is mostly known for its football team, that currently plays in Primera B Nacional, the second division of Argentine football league system.

Other sports practised at the club are basketball, basque pelota, bowls, cestoball, and cycling.

Primera Nacional
Primera Nacional, (usually called simply Nacional B, (English "National B Division"), and known as Primera B Nacional until the 2019–20 season) popularly known as La B (The B), is the second division of the Argentine football league system. The competition is made up of 38 teams.

It is played by teams from all over the country. Clubs from Buenos Aires surroundings, as well as some from Santa Fe Province, are promoted from or relegated to the Primera B Metropolitana ("Metropolitan B Division") while for teams from the other provinces the Torneo Federal A ("Federal A Tournament") is the next level down. In Argentine football, Primera Nacional is the second-highest league, and from it, the three best teams are automatically promoted to Primera División.

Primera B Nacional games are often transmitted to Argentina and abroad on television by TyC Sports.
Yhden enkelin unelma
"Yhden enkelin unelma" ("One Angel's Dream") is a Christmas song by the Finnish singer Tarja Turunen, released as her first single in December 2004, when she was still part of the symphonic metal band Nightwish. It was also released as a limited edition extended play.

Right after the release it debuted at number 2, and ended 2004 after more three weeks at number 1; it started 2005 as number 4, and reached number 1 again in December 2005, after spending 10 weeks on the official Finnish charts. The single reached gold disc status in Finland with more than 7,000 copies sold.

The single is sung entirely in the Finnish language, and Turunen promoted it with a mini tour holding concerts in Finland, Germany, Spain and Romania, in late 2005.

Official Finnish Charts
The Official Finnish Charts (Finnish: Suomen virallinen lista; Swedish: Finlands officiella lista) are national record charts in Finland compiled and published by Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland. The name Suomen virallinen lista/Finlands officiella lista (lit. "the Official Finnish Chart"), which is singular in both Finnish and Swedish, is used generically to refer to both the albums and the singles chart, and the context (albums or songs) reveals which chart is meant.
Yamanoue Sōji
Yamanoue Sōji (山上宗二 ; 1544–1590) was a Japanese tea master during the late Sengoku period and early Azuchi-Momoyama period.

Originally a merchant from Sakai, he became a famous disciple of Sen no Rikyū and wrote the chronicle Yamanoue Sōji ki (山上宗二記), which gives commentary about Rikyū's teachings and the state of chanoyu at the time of its writing. In it he also elaborates on the principle of ichi-go ichi-e (一期一会 "one time, one meeting").

He later entered into the service of the Later Hōjō lords of Odawara. The clan, however, fell from power after their opposition to lord Toyotomi Hideyoshi in the Siege of Odawara (1590). Toyotomi Hideyoshi sentenced Yamanoue Sōji to have his ears and nose cut off and was then decapitated. One year later, his master was also sentenced to death and had to commit ritual suicide.

Sakai
Sakai (堺市, Sakai-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜ.kai, sa.kaꜜi.ɕi]) is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. It has been one of the largest and most important seaports of Japan since the medieval era. Sakai is known for its kofun, keyhole-shaped burial mounds dating from the fifth century. The kofun in Sakai include the largest grave in the world by area, Daisen Kofun. Once known for swords, Sakai is now famous for the quality of its cutlery. As of 1 January 2022, the city had an estimated population of 819,965, making it the fourteenth most populous city in Japan (excluding Tokyo).
Paropsisterna
Paropsisterna is a genus of leaf beetles indigenous to Papua New Guinea and Australia. There are over 120 species, many with bright aposematic colours, and many feeding on Eucalyptus leaves.

The genus was described by Victor Motschulsky in 1860.

Eucalyptus globulus
Eucalyptus globulus, commonly known as southern blue gum or blue gum, is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae. It is a tall, evergreen tree endemic to southeastern Australia. This Eucalyptus species has mostly smooth bark, juvenile leaves that are whitish and waxy on the lower surface, glossy green, lance-shaped adult leaves, glaucous, ribbed flower buds arranged singly or in groups of three or seven in leaf axils, white flowers and woody fruit.

There are four subspecies, each with a different distribution across Australia, occurring in New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. The subspecies are the Victorian blue gum, Tasmanian blue gum, Maiden's gum, and Victorian eurabbie.
Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000
The Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000 (asp 5) was a land reform enforced by an act of the Scottish Parliament that was passed by the Scottish Parliament on 3 May 2000, and received royal assent on 9 June 2000.

Land reform
Land reform (also known as agrarian reform) involves the changing of laws, regulations, or customs regarding land ownership, land use, and land transfers. The reforms may be initiated by governments, by interested groups, or by revolution.

Land reform is often considered a contentious process, as land is a key driver of a wide range of social, political and economic outcomes. The structure and distribution of land rights has been linked to state formation, economic growth, inequality, political violence, and identity politics, making land reform highly consequential for the long-term structures of society.
High on the Mountain Top
"High on the Mountain Top" is an 1850s hymn written by Latter Day Saint hymn writers Joel H. Johnson and Ebenezer Beesley. Originally named "Deseret", it is hymn number 5 in the current LDS Church hymnal.

The lyrics to the hymn were written by Johnson in 1853, five years after Brigham Young preached on Ensign Peak as the Mormon pioneers first arrived in the Salt Lake Valley. Even though Johnson's journal contains more than 700 hymns, "High on the Mountain Top" is his most notable contribution to LDS music.

In 1854, Beesley composed music to accompany Johnson's poem. The Mormon Tabernacle Choir adopted Beesley's rendition and it has since become one of the choir's standard numbers.

The hymn has five verses and centers on the theme that God has restored the gospel to the earth.

Salt Lake Valley
The Salt Lake Valley (also known as the Jordan Valley)
is a 500-square-mile (1,300 km2) valley in Salt Lake County in the north-central portion of the U.S. state of Utah. It contains Salt Lake City and many of its suburbs, notably Murray, Sandy, South Jordan, West Jordan, and West Valley City; its total population is 1,029,655 as of 2010.

Brigham Young said, "this is the right place," when he and his fellow Mormon settlers moved into Utah after being driven out of several states.
Biscayne (ethnonym)
Until the early 19th century the word Biscayne (= Biscayan) was a demonym and ethnonym referring somewhat ambiguously to the Basque Country (usually excluding Navarre), or more often the Basque people in general. For example, Saint Francis Xavier identified himself as a "Biscayne" — or vizcaino, as he wrote it – meaning a Basque from Vizcaya. Whaling crews from Labourd in the North Atlantic are also referred to as Biscaynes in the 16–18th century.

The word Biscayne left an imprint in different place names and surnames (last names) of the Americas and the Philippines, related to the Basque whale hunting and colonisation of the "New World". By the time of the 1833 territorial division of Spain, the concept had shifted gradually to mean anything related to the Basque province of Biscay in Spain.

1833 territorial division of Spain
The 1833 territorial division of Spain divided the country into provinces, in turn classified into "historic regions" (Spanish: regiones históricas). This division was followed (helped by the enforcing of the 1834 Royal Statute) by the ensuing creation of provincial deputations, the government institutions for most of the provinces, remaining up to this date. Nearly all of the provinces retain roughly or precisely the 1833 borders. Conversely, many of the historic regions correspond to present-day autonomous communities.
Tilmanstone Colliery Halt railway station
Tilmanstone Colliery Halt was a station on the East Kent Light Railway. It opened on 16 October 1916 and was renamed Elvington in 1925. It closed to passenger traffic after the last train on 30 October 1948. The station served the pit village of Elvington. Part of the platform is still in situ hidden in undergrowth.

East Kent Light Railway
The East Kent Light Railway was part of the Colonel Stephens group of cheaply built rural light railways in England.  Holman Fred Stephens was engineer from its inception, subsequently becoming director and manager.  The line ran from Shepherdswell to Wingham (Canterbury Road) Station with a branch from Eastry through Poison Cross to Richborough Port. Built primarily for colliery traffic within the Kent Coalfields, the line was built with many spurs and branches to serve the mines, with cancelled plans to construct extensions to several others. The success of Tilmanstone colliery allowed the main line of the railway to continue operation until 1986. A remainder of the line became the East Kent Railway, a heritage railway, in 1987.
Outline of mining
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to mining:

Mining – extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually (but not always) from an ore body, vein or (coal) seam. Any material that cannot be grown from agricultural processes, or created artificially in a laboratory or factory, is usually mined.

Davy lamp
The Davy lamp is a safety lamp used in flammable atmospheres, invented in 1815 by Sir Humphry Davy. It consists of a wick lamp with the flame enclosed inside a mesh screen. It was created for use in coal mines, to reduce the danger of explosions due to the presence of methane and other flammable gases, called firedamp or minedamp.
Evaz Beg
Evaz Beg (also spelled Ivaz) was a 17th-century Safavid official and royal gholam. Of Georgian origin, he served during the reign of Abbas II (1632–1666), and was the brother of one of the most prominent court eunuchs at the time, Mehtar Davud, as well as of the imperial treasurer and eunuch Mohammad Beg. In 1640, Evaz Beg was appointed governor (vizier) of Lar. A few years later, in 1646–1647, he was briefly made governor (hakem) of the nearby district of Bandar Abbas, which included the islands of Hormuz, Qeshm and Larek. In 1656, he was permitted to resign as governor of Lar and was appointed as divanbegi (chancellor, chief justice), while a few years later, in 1660, he was made governor (vizier) of Bia-pas in Gilan and its provincial capital Rasht.

Evaz Beg's descendants would hold the government of Lar (and later also that of Bandar Abbas) for many more years to come, until 1725. During this lengthy period, he and his family dominated the politics of the Persian Gulf littoral.

Bandar Abbas
Bandar Abbas (Persian: بندر عباس, pronounced [bænˌd̪æɹ ʔæbˈbɒːs] ⓘ) is a port city in the Central District of Bandar Abbas County, Hormozgan Province, Iran serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. Bandar Abbas is a port on the southern coast of the country, on the Persian Gulf.

The city occupies a strategic position on the narrow Strait of Hormuz (just across from Musandam Governorate, Oman). It is the location of the main base and headquarters of the Iranian Navy.
Frederick Leeds Edridge
Frederick Leeds Edridge (1800 – 3 April 1841 in Woolwich) was a lieutenant in the Royal Artillery and an amateur artist.

Edridge was at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, receiving the Waterloo Medal for his service. In 1820, he joined the Royal Artillery, and was stationed with the Sixth Battalion at Gibraltar between 1830 and 1834. During this stay he painted a series of watercolours, mostly now housed with the Gibraltar Museum.

Soldiering could not have been Edridge's passion in life, for he still held the rank of lieutenant by the time he left Gibraltar in 1834. The garrison there had a good reputation in the eyes of its officers who were mainly of the hunting, shooting and fishing persuasion. Edridge found diversion in his painting, a pastime he seemed to have discovered for himself. His works - mainly watercolours - verged on the naive, but have great charm and document an interesting period in the history of Gibraltar.

Edridge died in Woolwich at the age of 41.

Woolwich
Woolwich (/ˈwʊlɪtʃ, -ɪdʒ/) is a market town in southeast London, England, within the Royal Borough of Greenwich.

The district's location on the River Thames led to its status as an important naval, military and industrial area; a role that was maintained throughout the 16th to 20th centuries. After several decades of economic hardship and social deprivation, the area now has several large-scale urban renewal projects.
Bellow (sound)
A bellow /ˈbel.oʊ/ (ⓘ) is a type of animal vocalization common amongst bulls and other large animals such as alligator, koala, moose, red deer, cattle, bison and rhinoceros. The bull snake bellows and hisses as a defensive sound. It bellows at first in a short period high amplitude, followed by a longer period of low amplitude before it maintains a constant sound.

Bullsnake
The bullsnake (Pituophis catenifer sayi) is a large, nonvenomous, colubrid snake. It is a subspecies of the gopher snake (Pituophis catenifer). The bullsnake is one of the largest/longest snakes of North America and the United States, reaching lengths up to 8 ft.
Alexander Vvedensky (born 1870)
Alexander Nikolaevich Vvedensky (Russian: Александр Николаевич Введенский; 3 April 1870 – 12 September 1920) was an Imperial Russian Army colonel who participated in World War I, and later the White movement in the Volunteer Army and Armed Forces of South Russia.

Volunteer Army
The Volunteer Army (Russian: Добровольческая армия, romanized: Dobrovolcheskaya armiya; pre-1918 Russian: Добровольческая армія), abbreviated to Добрармия, Dobrarmiya (pre-1918 Russian: Добрармія), also known as the Southern White Army was a White Army active in South Russia during the Russian Civil War from 1917 to 1920. The Volunteer Army fought against Bolsheviks and the Makhnovists on the Southern Front and the Ukrainian War of Independence. On 8 January 1919, it was made part of the Armed Forces of South Russia, becoming the largest force of the White movement until it was merged with the Army of Wrangel in March 1920.
Johan Petersen Fjord
Johan Petersen Fjord, also known as Petersen Bay (Danish: Petersen Bugt), is a fjord in King Christian IX Land, Eastern Greenland.
The fjord is named after Danish Arctic explorer Johan Petersen (1813–1880).

Arctic exploration
Arctic exploration is the physical exploration of the Arctic region of the Earth. It refers to the historical period during which mankind has explored the region north of the Arctic Circle. Historical records suggest that humankind have explored the northern extremes since 325 BC, when the ancient Greek sailor Pytheas reached a frozen sea while attempting to find a source of the metal tin. Dangerous oceans and poor weather conditions often fetter explorers attempting to reach polar regions, and journeying through these perils by sight, boat, and foot has proven difficult.