hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ferroelectrics (journal)
Ferroelectrics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published bimonthly by Taylor & Francis. Established in 1970, it covers research on ferroelectrics and related materials, including but not limited to ferroelastics, ferromagnets, piezoelectrics and pyroelectrics. Its current editors-in-chief are Kenji Uchino (Pennsylvania State University) and Deborah J. Taylor (Crawley Research Associates).

The journal is alternatively known as Ferroelectrics and Related Materials. A letters section of the journal, titled Ferroelectrics Letters Section, subsequently became a separate publication in 1983.

Pyroelectricity
Pyroelectricity (from Greek: pyr (πυρ), "fire" and electricity) is a property of certain crystals which are naturally electrically polarized and as a result contain large electric fields. Pyroelectricity can be described as the ability of certain materials to generate a temporary voltage when they are heated or cooled. The change in temperature modifies the positions of the atoms slightly within the crystal structure, so that the polarization of the material changes. This polarization change gives rise to a voltage across the crystal. If the temperature stays constant at its new value, the pyroelectric voltage gradually disappears due to leakage current. The leakage can be due to electrons moving through the crystal, ions moving through the air, or current leaking through a voltmeter attached across the crystal.
Brachycephalus pernix
Brachycephalus pernix is a small and brightly coloured species of frog in the family Brachycephalidae. It is endemic to Paraná in southeastern Brazil and only known from a single location at an altitude of 1,135–1,405 m (3,724–4,610 ft) on Serra da Baitaca in Serra da Baitaca State Park. This diurnal species lives among leaf litter on the floor of Atlantic rainforest.

Its conservation status was last reviewed by the IUCN in 2004 where regarded as data deficient (insufficient information for rating it), but an independent review in 2019 that used IUCN's criteria recommended that B. pernix should be recognised as vulnerable.

Brachycephalidae
The Brachycephalidae (/ˌbrækɪsɪˈfælɪdi/) are a family of frogs confined to eastern and southern Brazil and northern Argentina. The family is composed of two externally quite different genera: the tiny, often (but not always) colourful and plump saddleback toads (Brachycephalus) from Brazil, and the larger, slimmer and more drab genus Ischnocnema from both Brazil and Argentina. The family is mainly defined by molecular characteristics, and are linked by few anatomical features. It was erected from two genera of the previously large family Eleutherodactylidae, which is now split into four families.

The Brachycephalidae all have direct development and hatch like miniature adults rather than as tadpoles like most frogs. The members of the genus Brachycephalus are all very diminutive animals, with many species under 1 cm (0.4 in) in snout–to–vent length.
Chicago Board of Censors
The Chicago Board of Censors was a film censorship committee based in Chicago that was founded in 1907 as the Police Censor Board, and operated until 1984.
It was the first film censorship board in the United States.
The board had great influence over the editing and distribution of many films.

The city's censorship code was directly challenged and upheld by two U.S. Supreme Court cases called Times Film Corporation v. City of Chicago, one in 1957 and one in 1961. Soon thereafter, other Supreme Court decisions in the 1960s (especially Freedman v. Maryland in 1965) reversed this holding and rendered municipal censorship laws largely ineffectual.

Film censorship
Film censorship is the censorship of motion pictures, either through the excising of certain frames or scenes, or outright banning of films in their entirety. Film censorship typically occurs as a result of political or moral objections to a film's content; controversial content subject to censorship include the depiction of graphic violence, sexual situations, or racial themes. Censorship standards vary widely by country, and can vary within an individual country over time.
Heart Ipswich
Heart Ipswich (formerly SGR FM) was an Independent Local Radio station that evolved from Suffolk Group Radio, which was the parent company for two Independent radio stations serving the county of Suffolk in England.

Independent Local Radio
Independent Local Radio is the collective name given to commercial radio stations in the United Kingdom.

As a result of the buyouts and mergers permitted by the Broadcasting Act 1990, deregulation resulting from the Communications Act 2003 and further deregulation from the Media Act 2024, most commercial stations are now neither independent (although they remain independent from the BBC) nor local, as almost all of them are now relays of a national brand, with remaining locality reduced to nothing more than localised commercials, news (which may be from the approved area region), weather and peak-time travel information. Radio stations are licensed and regulated by OfCom.

The same name is used for Independent Local Radio in Ireland.
Southern Suburbs Tatler
The Southern Suburbs Tatler is a local newspaper in the Southern Suburbs region of Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. Its coverage area includes Woodstock, Observatory, Mowbray, Rondebosch, Rondebosch East, Newlands, Claremont, Pinelands, Kenilworth and Bishopscourt.

Observatory, Cape Town
Observatory is a suburb in Cape Town, South Africa, colloquially known as Obs. Bordered by Mowbray to the south and Salt River to the northwest, the area is best known as a student neighbourhood associated with the nearby University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital. It takes its name from the South African Astronomical Observatory headquarters, built in 1829 by the Royal Observatory.
Rod Roberts (American politician)
Rod Roberts (born October 22, 1957) is the Iowa State Labor Commissioner.  Roberts is also a former Republican gubernatorial candidate and five-term Iowa State Representative from the 51st and 80th Districts. He served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 2001 to 2011 and was an assistant minority leader. He received his BA from Iowa Christian College, as did his wife.

During his last term in the Iowa House, Roberts served on the Administration and Rules, Appropriations, Local Government, State Government, and Transportation committees. His political experience includes serving on the Carroll School Board from 1996 to 2000. Other experience includes serving as past president of the Carroll Rotary Club and serving on the Board of Directors for New Hope Village (a facility supporting disabled adults) in Carroll.

Iowa House of Representatives
41°35′28″N 93°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.591°N 93.604°W﻿ / 41.591; -93.604

The Iowa House of Representatives is the lower house of the Iowa General Assembly, the upper house being the Iowa Senate. There are 100 seats in the Iowa House of Representatives, representing 100 single-member districts across the state, formed by dividing the 50 Senate districts in half. Each district has a population of approximately 30,464 as of the 2010 United States census. The House of Representatives meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines.

Unlike the upper house, the Iowa Senate, state House representatives serve two-year terms with the whole chamber up for re-election in even-numbered years. There are no term limits for the House.
Japanese tissue
Japanese tissue, colloquially known by the misnomer rice paper, is a thin, strong paper made from vegetable fibers. Japanese tissue may be made from one of three plants, the kōzo plant (Broussonetia papyrifera, paper mulberry tree), the mitsumata (Edgeworthia chrysantha) shrub and the gampi tree (Diplomorpha sikokiana). The long, strong fibers of the kōzo plant produce very strong, dimensionally stable papers, and are the most commonly used fibers in the making of Japanese paper (washi). Tissue made from kōzo, or kōzogami (楮紙), comes in varying thicknesses and colors, and is an ideal paper to use in the mending of books. The majority of mending tissues are made from kōzo fibers, though mitsumata and gampi papers also are used. Japanese tissue is also an ideal material for kites and the covering of airplane models.

Fiber
Fiber (spelled fibre in British English; from Latin: fibra) is a natural or artificial substance that is significantly longer than it is wide. Fibers are often used in the manufacture of other materials. The strongest engineering materials often incorporate fibers, for example carbon fiber and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene.

Synthetic fibers can often be produced very cheaply and in large amounts compared to natural fibers, but for clothing natural fibers have some benefits, such as comfort, over their synthetic counterparts.
Yale Heights, Baltimore
Yale Heights is a neighborhood in the Southwest District of Baltimore, Maryland, United States, located between Beechfield (west) and Irvington (east). Most of its homes were built in 1955 as a development of two-bedroom, brick townhouses. These townhouses had an average value of $110,469 in 2022. The neighborhood's population in 2022 was estimated at 2,592.

The community's boundary with the Beechfield neighborhood runs along South Beechfield Avenue from South College Road (south) to Frederick Avenue (north). Its boundary with Irvington follows Maiden Choice Run from Frederick Avenue (north) to Loudon Park Cemetery (south).

Maryland Route 144
Maryland Route 144 (MD 144) is a collection of state highways in the U.S. state of Maryland.  These highways are sections of old alignment of U.S. Route 40 (US 40) between Cumberland and Baltimore.  Along with US 40 Scenic, US 40 Alternate, and a few sections of county-maintained highway, MD 144 is assigned to what was once the main highway between the two cities, connecting those endpoints with Hancock, Hagerstown, Frederick, New Market, Mount Airy, Ellicott City, and Catonsville.  MD 144 has seven disjoint sections of mainline highway that pass through the Appalachian Mountains in Allegany and Washington counties and the rolling Piedmont of Frederick, Carroll, Howard, and Baltimore counties.
Cranford St John SSSI
Cranford St John SSSI is a 2.8-hectare (6.9-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Cranford St John, east of Kettering in Northamptonshire. It is a Geological Conservation Review site.

This former quarry exposes rocks from the Rutland Formation and up to nearly the top of the White Limestone Formation, dating to the Middle Jurassic Bathonian stage, 169 to 166 million years ago. The site is the type section for a freshwater clay bed which is thought to result from a widespread storm deposit.

There is no access to the site, but the southern end can be viewed from a footpath from Cranford St John.

Rutland Formation
The Rutland Formation is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dated to the late Bajocian to Bathonian ages of the Jurassic period, about 169 million years ago. It is the lateral equivalent of the Sharp's Hill Formation and the Fuller's Earth Formation. The "Rutland Dinosaur" specimen of Cetiosaurus is known from the formation.
Jack Enrile
Juan Castañer Ponce Enrile Jr. (born July 16, 1958), also known as Jack Enrile or JPEJ, is a Filipino politician. He was a representative of the 1st District of Cagayan in the 11th, 12th, 13th and 15th Congresses. He is the only son and namesake of former Senate President Juan Ponce Enrile of Cagayan and the former ambassador to the Holy See, Cristina Castañer García of Manila. He is married to former Cagayan Province Congresswoman Salvacion "Sally" Santiago.

11th Congress of the Philippines
The 11th Congress of the Philippines (Filipino: Ikalabing-isang Kongreso ng Pilipinas), composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from July 27, 1998, until June 8, 2001, during the 31-month presidency of Joseph Estrada and the first four months of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's presidency. The convening of the 11th Congress followed the 1998 national elections, which replaced half of the Senate membership, and the entire membership of the House of Representatives. The Estrada impeachment was the highlight of the 11th Congress.
1999 Edo State gubernatorial election
The 1999 Edo State gubernatorial election occurred in Nigeria on 9 January 1999. The PDP nominee Lucky Igbinedion won the election, defeating the APP candidate, Lucky Imasuen.

Lucky Igbinedion emerged PDP candidate.

Lucky Imasuen
Lucky Imasuen is a Nigerian politician who served as the deputy governor of Edo State from 2007 to 2008 under the governorship of Oserheimen Osunbor. Prior to this, Imasuen ran unsuccessfully for the office of the governor of Edo State in 1999 and withdrew his candidacy in the 2024 governorship elections in Edo State.
Upper memory area
In DOS memory management, the upper memory area (UMA) is the memory between the addresses of 640 KB and 1024 KB (0xA0000–0xFFFFF) in an IBM PC or compatible. IBM reserved the uppermost 384 KB of the 8088 CPU's 1024 KB address space for BIOS ROM, Video BIOS, Option ROMs, video RAM, RAM on peripherals, memory-mapped I/O, and obsoleted ROM BASIC.

However, even with video RAM, the ROM BIOS, the video BIOS, the option ROMs, and I/O ports for peripherals, much of this 384 KB of address space was unused. As the 640 KB memory restriction became ever more of an obstacle, techniques were found to fill the empty areas with RAM. These areas were referred to as upper memory blocks (UMBs).

Peripheral
A peripheral  device, or simply peripheral, is an auxiliary hardware device that a computer uses to transfer information externally. A peripheral is a hardware component that is accessible to and controlled by a computer but is not a core component of the computer. It can communicate with a computer through wired or wireless connections. Many modern electronic devices, such as Internet-enabled digital watches, video game consoles, smartphones, and tablet computers, have interfaces for use as a peripheral.

Mouses and keyboards became the standard for computer peripheral input devices in the 1970s, while memory storage devices continued to be developed in new ways. Output devices, such as monitors, began as cathode rays, before switching to LCD monitors in the 1980s.
Swimming at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Men's 100 metre backstroke S6
The men's 100m backstroke S6 event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics took place at the Beijing National Aquatics Center on 9 September. There were two heats; the swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

Water Cube
The Water Cube (水立方), fully a.k.a. the National Aquatics Centre (国家游泳中心), is a swimming center at the Olympic Green in Chaoyang, Beijing, China.

The Water Cube was originally constructed to host the aquatics competitions at the 2008 Summer Olympics and Paralympics. During the 2008 Olympics—where it hosted diving, swimming and synchronized swimming events—25 world records were broken in this facility. In July 2010, a renovation of the facility was completed, which included the addition of a 12,000 m2 (130,000 sq ft) public water park. After renovation and adaptive configuration, the Water Cube also hosted the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics.
Lupe Pintor
José Guadalupe Pintor Guzmán (born April 13, 1955), better known as Lupe Pintor, is a Mexican former professional boxer who competed from 1974 to 1995. He is a world champion in two weight classes, having held the World Boxing Council (WBC) bantamweight title from 1979 to 1983 and the WBC super bantamweight title from 1985 to 1986.

Bantamweight
Bantamweight is a weight class in combat sports and weightlifting. For boxing, the range is above 115 lb (52.2 kg) and up to 118 lb (53.5 kg). In kickboxing, a bantamweight fighter generally weighs between 53 and 55 kilograms (117 and 121 lb). In MMA, bantamweight is 126–135 lb (57.2–61.2 kg).

The name for the class is derived from bantam chickens. Brazilian jiu-jitsu has an equivalent Rooster weight.
2022 Kansas Lottery 150
The 2022 Kansas Lottery 150 was the 17th stock car race of the 2022 ARCA Menards Series season, and the 22nd iteration of the event. The race was originally scheduled to be held on Saturday, September 10, 2022, but postponed due to inclement weather. The race was later held on Sunday, September 11, in Kansas City, Kansas, at Kansas Speedway, a 1.5-mile (2.4 km) permanent tri-oval shaped racetrack. The race distance was increased from 100 laps to 105 laps due to a NASCAR overtime finish. Corey Heim, driving for Venturini Motorsports, put on a dominating performance, leading nearly every lap for his ninth career ARCA Menards Series win, and his second of the season. To fill out the podium, Nick Sanchez, driving for Rev Racing, and Sammy Smith, driving for Kyle Busch Motorsports, would finish 2nd and 3rd, respectively.

Sammy Smith
Samuel L. Smith (born June 4, 2004) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series, driving the No. 8 Chevrolet Camaro SS for JR Motorsports.

Smith previously competed in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series and ARCA Menards Series, and won two consecutive ARCA Menards Series East championships in 2021 and 2022. He also has competed in the CARS Tour, where he has driven for car owners Barry Nelson, Marcus Richmond, and Donnie Wilson as well as Kyle Busch Motorsports.
Clench, Wiltshire
Clench is a hamlet in Wiltshire, England, in the Vale of Pewsey to the west of Wootton Rivers. It is in the civil parish of Milton Lilbourne. Its nearest town is Marlborough, approximately 3.8 miles (6.1 km) north from the hamlet.

The name Clench dates from the 13th century and means a lumpy or massive hill. During the 15th century, Clench probably extended further south, perhaps as far as the complex of small closes near Broomsgrove Lodge, with more buildings and boundaries than survive now, as the area was marked as 'Clinch' on the 1843 title map.

The timber-framed Brewers Cottage House dates from the late 17th or early 18th century and is designated as a Grade II listed building. It is now divided into two cottages.

Wootton Rivers
Wootton Rivers is a small village and civil parish in the Vale of Pewsey, Wiltshire, England. The village lies about 3 miles (5 km) northeast of Pewsey and 4 miles (6 km) south of  Marlborough. During the 20th century its population halved and most of its facilities closed.

The parish includes the hamlet of Cuckoo's Knob.
Linaker
Linaker is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hugh Linaker (1872–1938), gardener and landscape gardener

Johnny Linaker (1927–2013), English footballer

Kay Linaker (1913–2008), American actress and screenwriter

Lewis Linaker (1885–1961), English cricketer

Kay Linaker
Mary Katherine Linaker (July 19, 1913 – April 18, 2008) was an American actress and screenwriter who appeared in many B movies during the 1930s and 1940s, most notably Kitty Foyle (1940). Linaker used her married name, Kate Phillips, as a screenwriter, notably for the cult film The Blob (1958). She is credited with coining the name "The Blob" for the movie, which was originally titled The Molten Meteor.
Zoubir Khelifi Touhami Stadium
Zoubir Khelifi Touhami Stadium (Arabic: ملعب زبير خليفي تهامي), is a multi-use stadium in Aïn M'lila, Algeria. The stadium holds 8,000 people. It serves as a home ground for AS Aïn M'lila which plays in Algerian Ligue 2. The stadium is named after cyclist Zoubir Khelifi Touhami who was a member of the sports club's cycling team. It has a natural grass surface instead of an artificial one of the previous stadium. It also has a running track. The first home match on the ground was played on 19 January 2019 against O Médéa.

Running track
An all-weather running track is a rubberized, artificial running surface for track and field athletics. It provides a consistent surface for competitors to test their athletic ability unencumbered by adverse weather conditions. Historically, various forms of dirt, rocks, sand, and crushed cinders were used. Many examples of these varieties of track still exist worldwide.
Durran Durra
Durran Durra is a locality in the Queanbeyan–Palerang Regional Council, New South Wales, Australia. It is located on the road from Braidwood to Nowra about 15 km north of Braidwood and 100 km east of Canberra. At the 2021 census, it had a population of 114. It consists mainly of grazing country.

The area now known as Durran Durra lies on the traditional lands of the Walbanga people, a group of the Yuin.

In 1827, James Ryrie took over land in the area, as a land grant authorized by Governor Darling. James died in 1840 and his property was consolidated with the nearby Ryrie family property, Arnprior, at neighbouring Larbert.

Durran Durra had a "half-time" school from 1872 to 1898, from 1904 to 1905 and from 1915 to 1921.

Yuin
The Yuin nation, also spelt Djuwin, is a group of Australian Aboriginal peoples from the South Coast of New South Wales. All Yuin people share ancestors who spoke, as their first language, one or more of the Yuin language dialects. Sub-groupings of the Yuin people are made on the basis of language and other cultural features; groups include the Brinja or Bugelli-manji, Wandandian, Jerrinja, Budawang, Yuin-Monaro, Djiringanj, Walbunja, and more. They have a close linguistic and cultural association with the Thaua  and Dharawal people.
Bertelsmann Printing Group
The Bertelsmann Printing Group is a German group of companies in the printing industry with headquarters in Gütersloh, North Rhine-Westphalia. It was established in 2016 and is the market leader in Europe among offset and gravure printing companies. The Bertelsmann Printing Group is one of eight divisions of Bertelsmann, the international media, service and education conglomerate.

Printing
Printing is a process for mass reproducing text and images using a master form or template. The earliest non-paper products involving printing include cylinder seals and objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus. The earliest known form of printing evolved from ink rubbings made on paper or cloth from texts on stone tablets, used during the sixth century. Printing by pressing an inked image onto paper (using woodblock printing) appeared later that century. Later developments in printing technology include the movable type invented by Bi Sheng around 1040 and the printing press invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century. The technology of printing played a key role in the development of the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution and laid the material basis for the modern knowledge-based economy and the spread of learning to the masses.
Hy Gotkin
Hyman "Hy" Gotkin (August 16, 1922 – April 11, 2004) was an American professional basketball player who played the guard position. He was Jewish, and attended Thomas Jefferson High School in Brooklyn.  He played basketball for St. John's University from 1942–44, as they won the National Invitational Tournament (NIT) championships in 1943 and 1944. He had a four-year professional career, playing in the American Basketball League.

Gotkin died in 2004 at the age of 81. He is a member of the New York City Basketball Hall of Fame and the National Jewish Sports Hall of Fame

American Basketball League (1925–1955)
The American Basketball League (ABL) was an early professional basketball league. During six seasons from 1925–26 to 1930–31, the ABL was the first attempt to create a major professional basketball league in the United States.