hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Claude Béchard
Claude Béchard (June 29, 1969 – September 7, 2010) was a politician in Quebec, Canada. He served as Quebec Liberal Party Member of the National Assembly (MNA) for the riding of Kamouraska-Témiscouata in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region; as Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food as well as the Minister for Canadian Intergovernmental Affairs, and previously the Minister of Natural Resources and Wildlife, Minister of Sustainable Development, Environment and Parks, Minister of Economic Development, Innovation and Export Trade and Ministry of Employment and Social Solidarity.

Kamouraska-Témiscouata
Kamouraska-Témiscouata (French pronunciation: [kamuʁaska temiskwata]) is a former provincial electoral district in Quebec, Canada that elected members to the National Assembly of Quebec. As of its final election, it included the municipalities of Kamouraska, La Pocatière, Saint-Athanase, Packington, Dégelis and Témiscouata-sur-le-Lac.

It was created for the 1973 election from Kamouraska and parts of L'Islet and Témiscouata.  Its final election was in 2008.  It was dissolved prior to the 2012 election and replaced by the Rivière-du-Loup–Témiscouata and Côte-du-Sud electoral districts.
Organisation civile et militaire
The Organisation civile et militaire (OCM, "Civil and military organization") was one of the great movements of the French Resistance in the zone occupée, the German-occupied region of northern France, during the Second World War.

The OCM was one of the eight great networks of resistance which made up the National Council of the Resistance.

Gilbert Renault
Gilbert Renault (6 August 1904 – 29 July 1984), known by the nom de guerre Colonel Rémy, was a notable French secret agent active during the Second World War and was known under various pseudonyms such as Raymond, Jean-Luc, Morin, Watteau, Roulier, Beauce and Rémy.
Alex Vetchinsky
Alex Vetchinsky (né Alec Hyman Vetchinsky; 9 November 1904 – 4 March 1980) was a BAFTA nominated British film art director and production designer. He worked on more than a hundred productions during a career that lasted between 1928 and 1974. Vetchinsky was employed for many years at Gainsborough Pictures. He later worked frequently for Rank, including on several Carry On films.

Gainsborough Pictures
Gainsborough Pictures was a British film studio based on the south bank of the Regent's Canal, in Poole Street, Hoxton, London. Gainsborough Studios was active between 1924 and 1951. The company was initially based at Islington Studios, which were built as a power station for the Great Northern & City Railway and later converted to studios.

Other films were made at Lime Grove and Pinewood Studios. The former Islington studio was converted to flats in 2004 and a London Borough of Hackney historical plaque is attached to the building. The studio is best remembered for the Gainsborough melodramas it produced in the 1940s.

Gainsborough Pictures is now owned by Gregory Motton.
Oakdale Merge
The Oakdale Merge is a convergence of Sunrise Highway (New York State Route 27, NY 27) and Montauk Highway (NY 27A and County Route 85, CR 85) between the hamlets of Great River and Oakdale, in Suffolk County, New York, in front of Connetquot River State Park.

Connetquot River State Park Preserve
Connetquot River State Park Preserve is a 3,473-acre (14.05 km2) state park and conservation area in the Town of Islip in Suffolk County, New York in the United States. The park contains the Long Island Environmental Interpretive Center as well as the Southside Sportsmens Club District, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.
Lek Chalali Sasarla
Lek Chalali Sasarla (transl. The Daughter went to marital home) is a 1984 Indian Marathi-language drama film directed by N. S. Vaidya in his directorial debut. The film is produced by Annasaheb Deulgaonkar, who co-wrote screenplay and dialogues with N. G. Karmarkar. The film stars Mahesh Kothare, Alka Kubal, Laxmikant Berde (debut in Marathi cinema). The film is about the problem of bride–burning for dowry has created a stir all over Maharashtra.

Bride burning
Bride burning is a form of torture murder practiced in and around the Indian subcontinent. A form of dowry death, bride-burning occurs when a woman is murdered by her husband or his family for her family's refusal to pay additional dowry. The wife is typically doused with kerosene, gasoline, or other flammable liquid, and set alight, leading to death by burning. Kerosene is often used as the cooking fuel for small petrol stoves, some of which are dangerous, so it allows the claim that the crime was an accident. It is most common in India and has been a major problem there since at least 1993.

In 2004, bride burning was recognized as an important problem in India. In 1995, Time magazine reported that dowry deaths in India increased from around 400 a year in the early 1980s to around 5,800 a year by the middle of the 1990s. According to Indian National Crime Record Bureau, there were 1,948 convictions and 3,876 acquittals in dowry death cases in 2008.
Diospyros melanoxylon
Diospyros melanoxylon, the Coromandel ebony or East Indian ebony, is a species of flowering tree in the family Ebenaceae native to India and Sri Lanka; it has a hard, dry bark. Its common name derives from Coromandel, the coast of southeastern India. Locally it is known as temburini or by its Hindi name tendu. In Odisha, Jharkhand, and Assam, it is known as kendu. In Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana it is known as tuniki. The leaves can be wrapped around tobacco to create the Indian beedi, which has outsold conventional cigarettes in India.

Ebenaceae
The Ebenaceae are a family of flowering plants belonging to order Ericales. The family includes ebony and persimmon among about 768 species of trees and shrubs. It is distributed across the tropical and warmer temperate regions of the world. It is most diverse in the rainforests of Malesia, India, Thailand, tropical Africa and tropical America.

Many species are valued for their wood, particularly ebony, for fruit, and as ornamental plants.
Vigmostad Church
Vigmostad Church (Norwegian: Vigmostad kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Lindesnes Municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the village of Vigmostad. It is one of the churches for the Lindesnes parish which is part of the Lister og Mandal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark. The white, wooden church was built in a cruciform design in 1848 by the parish priest Nils Jensson Lassen using plans by the famous Norwegian architect Hans Linstow. The church seats about 400 people.

Hans Linstow
Hans Ditlev Franciscus (Frants) von Linstow (4 May 1787 – 10 June 1851) was a Danish/Norwegian architect who designed the Royal Palace in Oslo and much of the surrounding park and the street Karl Johans gate.
Perissomastix pauliani
Perissomastix  pauliani is a species of moth in the family Tineidae. It was described by Hungarian entomologist László Anthony Gozmány in 1970 and is found in Madagascar.

This species has a wingspan of 18–20 mm, antennae are dark yellowish grey; head, thorax and forewings are dark purplish fuscous with some violet shine. No pattern. Hindwings are brassy grey.

The type was provided from Tsimbazaza, Antananarivo, collected by R.Paulian, to whom this species was dedicated in February 1949.

Botanical and Zoological Garden of Tsimbazaza
The Botanical and Zoological Garden of Tsimbazaza (PBZT; French: Parc botanique et zoologique de Tsimbazaza; Malagasy: Valan-javamaniry amam binin' i Tsimbazaza) is a zoological and botanical garden in the neighbourhood of Tsimbazaza in Antananarivo, Madagascar, located just north of the National Assembly of Madagascar building.

It is said to house "the finest collection of Malagasy wildlife", with several unique species on display. The zoo has a museum with collections of tribal carvings and the skeleton of extinct megavertebrates, including an elephant bird, pygmy hippos, and giant lemurs. It also contains Madagascar's largest herbarium (herbarium code TAN) with roughly 80,000 plant specimens.

In November 1989, the WWF celebrated its tenth year in Madagascar by opening an environmental teaching center at the zoo.
Cupriavidus pampae
Cupriavidus pampae is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, motile bacterium of the genus Cupriavidus and  family Burkholderiaceae, which was isolated from the agricultural soil of the humid pampa region in Argentina.

Oxidase
In biochemistry, an oxidase is an oxidoreductase (any enzyme that catalyzes a redox reaction) that uses dioxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. In reactions involving donation of a hydrogen atom, oxygen is reduced to water (H2O) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Some oxidation reactions, such as those involving monoamine oxidase or xanthine oxidase, typically do not involve free molecular oxygen.

The oxidases are a subclass of the oxidoreductases. The use of dioxygen is the only unifying feature; in the EC classification, these enzymes are scattered in many categories.
The Crow: City of Angels
The Crow: City of Angels is a 1996 American superhero film directed by Tim Pope and written by David S. Goyer. It serves as a standalone sequel to the 1994 film The Crow in addition to being the second installment in The Crow film series. The film stars Vincent Pérez, Mia Kirshner, Richard Brooks, Iggy Pop, Thomas Jane and Thuy Trang. The film follows mechanic Ashe Corven (Pérez) who is murdered along with his son by a drug cartel, and is brought back to life by a crow to get his revenge. It received negative critic reviews. It was followed by the 2000 film sequel, The Crow: Salvation.

Crow
A crow is a bird of the genus Corvus, or more broadly, a synonym for all of Corvus. The word "crow" is used as part of the common name of many species. The related term "raven" is not linked scientifically to any certain trait but is rather a general grouping for larger-sized species of Corvus.  The collective name for a group of crows is a "murder".
The Thompsons
The Thompsons is an independent 2012 horror film directed by the Butcher Brothers (Mitchell Altieri and Phil Flores) and produced by Rob Weston of Straightwire Entertainment Group and Travis Stevens of Snowfort Pictures. It is a sequel to the Butcher Brothers previous film The Hamiltons. It premiered at the London FrightFest Film Festival on August 26, 2012.

Filmed largely in the UK, several scenes feature The Ringlestone Inn Near Harrietsham, in Kent, south-east of London.

FrightFest (film festival)
FrightFest, also known as Arrow Video FrightFest, is an annual film festival held in London and Glasgow. The festival holds three major events each year: a festival running five days over the UK late August Bank Holiday weekend, a Halloween event held in London in late October, and a festival in Glasgow held around February as part of the Glasgow Film Festival.

The first event was held in London in 2000 and the first Glasgow festival was held in 2006. As its name indicates, FrightFest's primary focus is on the horror film genre. However, the event regularly features documentaries, science fiction and thriller films.
Niemandsvriend
Niemandsvriend is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland.

The municipality only existed from April 1, 1817 to August 23, 1818. Before and after that time, the area was part of Sliedrecht.

According to the 19th-century historian A.J. van der Aa, Niemandsvriend used to be a separate manor to the west of Sliedrecht, but had already been unified with Sliedrecht for so long, that the boundaries of the manor were no longer known.

South Holland
South Holland (Dutch: Zuid-Holland [ˌzœyt ˈɦɔlɑnt] ⓘ) is a province of the Netherlands with a population of over 3.8 million as of January 2023 and a population density of about 1,410/km2 (3,700/sq mi), making it the country's most populous province and one of the world's most densely populated areas. Situated on the North Sea in the west of the Netherlands, South Holland covers an area of 3,308 km2 (1,277 sq mi), of which 609 km2 (235 sq mi) is water. It borders North Holland to the north, Utrecht and Gelderland to the east, and North Brabant and Zeeland to the south. The provincial capital is the Dutch seat of government The Hague, while its largest city is Rotterdam. The Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta drains through South Holland into the North Sea. Europe's busiest seaport, the Port of Rotterdam, is located in South Holland.
Biological system
A biological system is a complex network which connects several biologically relevant entities. Biological organization spans several scales and are determined based different structures depending on what the system is. Examples of biological systems at the macro scale are populations of organisms. On the organ and tissue scale in mammals and other animals, examples include the circulatory system, the respiratory system, and the nervous system. On the micro to the nanoscopic scale, examples of biological systems are cells, organelles, macromolecular complexes and regulatory pathways. A biological system is not to be confused with a living system, such as a living organism.

Biological network
A biological network is a method of representing systems as complex sets of binary interactions or relations between various biological entities. In general, networks or graphs are used to capture relationships between entities or objects. A typical graphing representation consists of a set of nodes connected by edges.
Les Bleus de Ramville
Les Bleus de Ramville (The Blues of Ramville) is a Canadian television series, which premiered on TFO in January 2012.

Set in the fictional town of Ramville near North Bay, Ontario, the series focuses on Gordie, Julie, Maureen and Christian, four members of the fan club for the town's senior hockey team, the Radiateurs Dufresne.

Originally titled Fan Club, the series was first planned by Les Productions R. Charbonneau in 2008, with filming initially slated to take place in Hawkesbury. However, the series was delayed until 2011, and following the end of production on the series Météo+, Carte Blanche Films acquired the rights and chose to film the series in Sudbury. The show was filmed on location at various locations within the Greater Sudbury area.

The show's cast includes Stéphane Paquette, Renée Aubin, Christian Laurin, Chanda Legroulx, Sébastien Lajoie, Frank Chiesurin, Miriam Cusson, Michael Mando, Mathieu Landry and Joelle Villeneuve.

Senior ice hockey
Senior hockey refers to amateur or semi-professional ice hockey competition. There are no age restrictions for Senior players, who typically consist of those whose Junior eligibility has expired.

Most senior hockey leagues operate under the jurisdiction of Hockey Canada or USA Hockey. They are not affiliated in any way with professional hockey leagues. Many former professional players play Senior hockey after their pro careers are over. The top Senior teams in Canada (Senior AAA) compete annually for the Allan Cup.
Lay Nam Chang
Lay Nam Chang (traditional Chinese: 章禮南; simplified Chinese: 章礼南; pinyin: Zhāng Lǐnán, June 1, 1943 – December 8, 2020) was an American theoretical physicist. Over the course of his career, he published research on topics in particle physics, nuclear physics, general relativity, and quantum cosmology. In the mid-1970s, he also published pioneering work on the foundations of string theory.  In 2003, he served as the founding dean of the College of Science at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University ("Virginia Tech") and held that position until 2016.

Quantum cosmology
Quantum cosmology is the attempt in theoretical physics to develop a quantum theory of the universe. This approach attempts to answer open questions of classical physical cosmology, particularly those related to the first phases of the universe.

Classical cosmology is based on Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity (GTR or simply GR) which describes the evolution of the universe very well, as long as you do not approach the Big Bang. It is the gravitational singularity and the Planck time where relativity theory fails to provide what must be demanded of a final theory of space and time. Therefore, a theory is needed that integrates relativity theory and quantum theory. Such an approach is attempted for instance with loop quantum cosmology, loop quantum gravity, string theory and causal set theory.

In quantum cosmology, the universe is treated as a wave function instead of classical spacetime.
Stephen Kissa
Stephen Kissa (born 1 December 1995) is a Ugandan long-distance runner who specializes in the 5000 metres.

He finished 52nd at the 2017 World Cross Country Championships and competed at the 2017 World Championships 5000 metres without reaching the final. The next year he finished 8th in the 5000 metres at the 2018 African Championships.

His personal best time is 13:10.93 minutes, achieved in July 2018 at Athletissima in Lausanne. He has 7:54.32 minutes in the 3000 metres, achieved in July 2018 in Rabat. He won his last race of 2018 at the 15 kilometres road race Montferland Run in the Netherlands.

He competed in the 10,000 metres at the 2020 Summer Olympics. In the race, he created a huge lead ahead of the pack early on and later dropped out with nine laps remaining. Kissa later explained that he was attempting to create a fast-paced race in hopes of helping teammates Joshua Cheptegei and Jacob Kiplimo.

2017 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 5000 metres
The men's 5000 metres at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics was held at the London Olympic Stadium on 9−12 August.  This race was announced as the last track race of Mo Farah's career as he intends to focus on marathon running and road racing.  Farah had been in every final since 2007, winning three straight since 2011.
Short barbelled catfish
The short barbelled catfish (Megalosciades augustus) is a species of catfish in the family Ariidae. It was described by Tyson R. Roberts in 1978, originally under the genus Arius. It inhabits the Fly River in Papua New Guinea. It reaches a maximum standard length of 60 cm (24 in). Its diet consists of bony fish in the families Chanidae, Clupeidae and Melanotaeniidae.

Tyson R. Roberts
Tyson Royal Roberts was an American ichthyologist. He was described as "the world's foremost authority on Regalecus". He died on June 20, 2025 at the Nakhon Pathom Hospital in Bangkok.

Roberts attended Stanford University, where he earned his B.A. in 1961 and a Ph.D. in 1968. His doctoral thesis was titled "Studies on the osteology and phylogeny of characoid fishes." He won a 1999 Guggenheim Fellowship in the field of "Organismic Biology & Ecology", and was a research associate at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama and also affiliated with the Institute of Molecular Biosciences of Mahidol University, Thailand.
Hodgkin–Huxley model
The Hodgkin–Huxley model, or conductance-based model, is a mathematical model that describes how action potentials in neurons are initiated and propagated. It is a set of nonlinear differential equations that approximates the electrical engineering characteristics of excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells. It is a continuous-time dynamical system.

Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley described the model in 1952 to explain the ionic mechanisms underlying the initiation and propagation of action potentials in the squid giant axon.  They received the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for this work.

Wolfram Demonstrations Project
The Wolfram Demonstrations Project is an open-source collection of interactive programmes called Demonstrations. It is hosted by Wolfram Research. At its launch, it contained 1300 demonstrations but has grown to over 10,000. The site won a Parents' Choice Award in 2008.

Wolfram Research's staff organizes and edits the Demonstrations, which may be created by any user of Mathematica, then freely published and freely downloaded.
1890 California gubernatorial election
The 1890 California gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1890, to elect the governor of California. Incumbent governor Robert Waterman, who had succeeded Washington Bartlett after the latter's death only eight months into his term in 1887, declined to seek a full term due to his own health issues. Republican former Congressman Henry Markham defeated Democratic Mayor of San Francisco Edward B. Pond in a close race.

Mayor of San Francisco
The mayor of the City and County of San Francisco is the head of the executive branch of the San Francisco city and county government. The officeholder has the duty to enforce city laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, the legislative branch. The mayor serves a four-year term and is limited to two successive terms. Because of San Francisco's status as a consolidated city-county, the mayor also serves as the head of government of the county; both entities have been governed together by a combined set of governing bodies since 1856.

There have been 45 individuals who have served as mayor in San Francisco since 1850, when California became a state following the American Conquest of California. Prior to the conquest, Californios served as Mayor of San Francisco during the Spanish and Mexican eras since 1779.

The current mayor is Democrat Daniel Lurie.
Picacho Mountain
Picacho Mountain (Spanish: Cerro Picacho) is a mountain in Panama. It is located in San Carlos District on the western side of the Panamá Province. At the base of the peak there is a green lagoon named "Laguna de San Carlos" and the private mountain development Altos del Maria.

Panamá Province
Panamá is a province of Panama. It is the location of the national capital Panama City, which also serves as the provincial capital. The governor of the province is Mayín Correa, appointed by President José Raul Mulino.
Najm al-Din Kubra
Najm ad-Din Kubra (Persian: نجم‌الدین کبری) was a 13th-century Khwarezmian Sufi from Khwarezm and the founder of the Kubrawiya, influential in the Ilkhanate and Timurid dynasty. His method, exemplary of a "golden age" of Sufi metaphysics, was related to the Illuminationism of Shahab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi as well as to Rumi's Shams Tabrizi.  Kubra was born in 540/1145 and died in 618/1221.

Shams Tabrizi
Shams Tabrīzī  (1185–1248) was a Persian dervish and poet,  best known for his companionship with Rumi.

He is referenced with great reverence and grief in Rumi's poetic collection, in particular Divan-i Shams-i Tabrīzī. Tradition holds that Shams taught Rumi in seclusion in Konya for a period of forty days, before fleeing for Damascus. The tomb of Shams-i Tabrīzī was recently nominated to be a UNESCO World Heritage Site.