hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Upper nobility
The upper nobility (Hungarian: főnemesség, Latin: barones) was the highest stratum of the temporal society in the Kingdom of Hungary until 1946 when the Parliament passed an act that prohibited the use of noble titles, following the declaration of the Republic of Hungary.

Újlaki family
The Újlaki family (Croatian: Iločki; Croatian pronunciation: [ilotʃki]; in old sources de Illoch, de Wylak, de Voilack etc.; Hungarian: Újlaki) was a Croatian-Hungarian noble family, descended in the male line from Gug (in some sources Göge), a member of the lower nobility in the region of Lower Slavonia during the 13th century.

The Újlaki or Iločki, meaning "those of Ilok" (Hungarian: Újlak), rose to be a powerful and influential family in the Kingdom of Hungary and Croatia during the period in the Late Middle Ages history marked by dynastic struggles for the possession of the throne and the Ottoman wars in Europe that affected the country. Notable members of the family were Bans of Croatia, Voivodes of Transylvania, Palatines of Hungary, ispáns or župans (counts), king's chamberlains and king's chief retainers. One of them, Nicholas Újlaki, the most powerful and most famous member of the family, was nominal King of Bosnia from 1471 until 1477.
Fast Food Nation (film)
Fast Food Nation is a 2006 drama film directed by Richard Linklater and written by Linklater and Eric Schlosser. An international co-production of the United States and the United Kingdom, it is loosely based on Schlosser's 2001 non-fiction book.

Fast Food Nation was released on 17 November 2006 by Fox Searchlight Pictures in the United States and Canada, Tartan Films in the United Kingdom, and HanWay Films in other territories. The film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $2.2 million.

2006 Cannes Film Festival
The 59th Cannes Film Festival was held from 17 to 28 May 2006. Chinese filmmaker Wong Kar-wai served as jury president for the main competition, becoming the first Chinese person to do so. English filmmaker Ken Loach won the Palme d'Or for the war drama film The Wind That Shakes the Barley.

The official poster for the festival features a still image from the Wong Kar-wai's 2000 film In the Mood for Love, which won the Best Actor award at the 53rd edition.

The festival opening film was The Da Vinci Code directed by Ron Howard. While Transylvania by Tony Gatlif was the closing film.

This edition also marked the first time in three years that no American film, actor, actress, or filmmaker won any awards in Cannes.
1917 Henley by-election
The 1917 Henley by-election was a by-election in Henley caused by the death of Major Valentine Fleming during World War I. The Conservative candidate Robert Hermon-Hodge won the subsequent by-election on 20 June 1917. He was unopposed due to a War-time electoral pact.

War-time electoral pact
The war-time electoral pact was an electoral pact established by the member parties of the United Kingdom coalition governments in the First World War, and re-established in the Second World War. Under the pact, in the event of a by-election only the party which previously held the seat would nominate a candidate, and the other coalition parties would stand aside.

This led to a number of unopposed by-elections as well as strong showings and surprise victories by third party candidates.

The 1914 to 1918 truce was officially broken in June 1918 when the Labour Party decided that the truce should no longer be recognised, although no Labour candidates were nominated before the 1918 General Election.
Diepholz – Nienburg I
Diepholz – Nienburg I is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 33. It is located in central Lower Saxony, comprising the Diepholz district and parts of the Nienburg district.

Diepholz – Nienburg I was created for the inaugural 1949 federal election. Since 2009, it has been represented by Axel Knoerig of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).

1949 West German federal election
A federal election was held in West Germany on 14 August 1949 to elect the members of the first Bundestag, with a further eight seats elected in West Berlin between 1949 and January 1952 and another eleven between February 1952 and 1953. They were the first free federal elections in West Germany since 1933 and the first after the division of the country.

The CDU/CSU formed a centre-right coalition government with the FDP and the DP.
Fargesia rufa
Fargesia rufa is a woody bamboo native to western China. It is known in Chinese as qingchuan jianzhu (Chinese: 青川箭竹; pinyin: qīngchuānjiǎnzhú), meaning "Qingchuan Fargesia", Qingchuan being a county within the prefecture-level city of Guangyuan in the north of Sichuan. It is found at high elevations in the north of this province as well is in the south of Gansu. The plant is a significant source of food for the giant panda.

Guangyuan
Guangyuan (simplified Chinese: 广元; traditional Chinese: 廣元; pinyin: Guǎngyuán; Wade–Giles: Kuang-yüan) is a prefecture-level city in Sichuan Province, China, bordering the provinces of Shaanxi to the northeast and Gansu to the northwest. Guangyuan City is located on the northern edge of the Sichuan Basin, on the upper reaches of the Jialing River, and is the junction of Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. The city has a population of 2,305,657 as of the 2020 census. By the end of 2024, the registered population of the city will be 2,893,700. Among them, the urban population is 814,800 and the rural population is 2.078,800, accounting for 28.2% and 71.8% of the total population respectively.

Located roughly between the provincial capitals Chengdu, Lanzhou, Xi'an and Chongqing municipality, it is considered the northern gateway to Sichuan. It is an ancient city, notable for its relics and tombs.
Carolyn Colvin
Carolyn W. Colvin (born May 27, 1942, in Arnold, Maryland) is an American public administrator who served as Acting Commissioner of the Social Security Administration from 2013 to 2017 and again from 2024 to 2025.  On June 20, 2014, President Barack Obama nominated her to serve as the commissioner. On September 18, 2014, the United States Senate Committee on Finance approved her nomination by a 22–2 vote. However, her nomination was never brought up for a vote before the full Senate.

Previously, she was the Deputy Commissioner, having been nominated by Obama and confirmed by the United States Senate in 2010. She had previously worked at the Social Security Administration during the 1990s.

Colvin is a graduate of Morgan State University with a BS in Business Administration and an MBA. She has one son and six grandchildren.

Morgan State University
Morgan State University (Morgan State or MSU) is a public historically black research university in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is the third largest among all Historically Black Colleges or Universities (HBCUs). In 1890, the university, then known as the Centenary Biblical Institute, changed its name to honor Lyttleton Morgan, the first chairman of its board of trustees and a donor. It became a university in 1975.

Although a public institution, Morgan State is not a part of the University System of Maryland. It is a member of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund. It is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. and classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Immigration policy of South Korea
In South Korea, immigration policy is handled by the immigration services of the Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Labor, Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. The Nationality Act, Immigration Control Act, Multicultural Families Support Act, and the Framework Act on Treatment of Foreigners are the foundations of immigration policy in Korea. The Korean government initiated a discussion in 2003 on establishing an independent immigration office to accommodate fast-growing immigrant and to prepare inclusive and rational immigration policies; however, there has been little progress. The Foreigner Policy Committee, headed by the Prime Minister, coordinates foreigner-related policies which were handled by many ministries. However, its role is limited because of a shortage of resources and manpower. The establishment of an Immigration Office is expected to solve these problems by concentrating all related resources and manpower under one umbrella.

Human resources
Human resources (HR) is the set of people who make up the workforce of an organization, business sector, industry, or economy. A narrower concept is human capital, the knowledge and skills which the individuals command.
Milton S. Hershey
Milton Snavely Hershey (September 13, 1857 – October 13, 1945) was an American chocolatier, businessman, and philanthropist.

Trained in the confectionery business, Hershey pioneered the manufacture of caramel, using fresh milk. He launched the Lancaster Caramel Company, which achieved bulk exports, and then sold it to start a new company supplying mass-produced milk chocolate, previously a luxury good.

The first Hershey bars were sold in 1900 and proved so popular that he was able to build his own company town of Hershey, Pennsylvania. Hershey's philanthropy extended to a boarding school, originally for local orphans, but accommodating around 2,000 students as of 2016. In World War II, the company developed a special non-melting bar for troops serving overseas. The Hershey Company, known as Hershey's, is one of the world's biggest confectionery manufacturers.

Luxury goods
In economics, a luxury good (or upmarket good) is a product or item or service  for which demand increases more than what is proportional as income rises, so that expenditures on the good become a more significant proportion of overall spending. Luxury goods are in contrast to necessity goods, where demand increases proportionally less than income. Whereas people consume necessity goods to meet basic survival needs, luxury goods are consumed both for their "intrinsic quality and to signal their wealth and confirm social status." In economics, luxury goods is often used synonymously with superior goods.
Pamela Barrera
Pamela Barrera (born 9 january 1991) is a Peruvian female volleyball player. She was part of the Peru women's national volleyball team at the 2010 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Japan.
She played for Florida A&M University.

Florida A&M University
Florida A&M University (FAMU), is a public historically black land-grant university in Tallahassee, Florida, United States. Founded in 1887, it is the third-largest historically black university in the US by enrollment and the only public historically black university in Florida. It is a member of the State University System of Florida and is accredited to award baccalaureate, master's, and doctoral degrees by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

Florida A&M sports teams are known as the Rattlers, and compete in Division I of the NCAA.  They are a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC).
Me quedo
"Me quedo" (transl. "I'm Staying") is a song recorded by Spanish singer Aitana in collaboration with Lola Indigo. Produced by El Guincho and Alizzz, the song was released as the third and final single of Aitana's debut studio album Spoiler (2019) on 28 June 2019 through Universal Music. Its respective music video was produced by Canada Editorial.

El Guincho
Pablo Díaz-Reixa (born November 17, 1983), professionally known as el  Guincho, is a Spanish musician, singer, and record producer.

Díaz-Reixa rose to prominence with his 2008 album, Alegranza. His musical style relies heavily on the use of sampling and incorporates elements of Afrobeat, dub, tropicália and rock and roll. Díaz-Reixa has described his style of production as "space-age exotica". He primarily produces music with a Roland SP-404.
Nauru national soccer team
The Nauru national soccer team is a proposed national team to represent the Pacific island nation of Nauru in soccer.  It is under the auspices of the Nauru Soccer Federation which is not a member of the OFC and FIFA.

Denig Stadium
Denig Stadium is a soccer stadium on the island nation of Nauru. It is located in Nibok and has a capacity of 1,000 spectators. The stadium is at times unusable as it is also used as a storage area for shipping containers.
Montague Close
Montague Close is a street in London, England, close to London Bridge in London SE1, within the London Borough of Southwark.

The Worshipful Company of Glaziers is located here. To the south are Southwark Cathedral and Borough Market.

The close occupies the site of the monastic buildings of the Priory of St Mary Overie, which were granted to Anthony Browne in 1544-1545. Browne's son was created Viscount Montague.

Viscount Montagu
Viscount Montagu was a title in the Peerage of England. It was created on 2 September 1554 for Anthony Browne of the Noble House of Montagu. It became extinct on the death of the ninth Viscount in 1797. The title Viscount Montagu was chosen from line of descent from John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu. His daughter, Lucy Neville, was the grandmother of Anthony Browne. He was made a Viscount to correlate to the wealth of the Browne family. Cowdray House became the established seat of the Viscounts Montagu.
Idea hypermnestra
Idea hypermnestra is a large butterfly that belongs to the danaid group of the family Nymphalidae. It was described by John Obadiah Westwood in 1848. It is found in the Indomalayan realm. It is found in Thailand and Malaysia.

Danainae
Danainae is a subfamily of the family Nymphalidae, the brush-footed butterflies. The group may be referred to as the Danaids (reflecting their previous rank as a family) or milkweed butterflies, as they often lay their eggs on various milkweeds on which their larvae (caterpillars) feed, though it also encompasses the clearwing butterflies (Ithomiini), and the Tellervini.

Some 300 species of Danainae exist worldwide. Most of the Danaini are found in tropical Asia and Africa, while the Ithomiini are diverse in the Neotropics. Tellervini are restricted to Australia and the Oriental region. Four species are found in North America: the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus), the queen (Danaus gilippus), the tropical milkweed butterfly (Lycorea halia), and the soldier butterfly (or "tropic queen", Danaus eresimus). Of these, the monarch is by far the most famous, being one of the most recognizable butterflies in the Americas.
Thulogaun
Thulogaun is a village development committee in Rasuwa District in the Bagmati Zone of northern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1247 people, living in 249 individual households.

Rasuwa District
Rasuwa District (Nepali: रसुवा जिल्लाListenⓘ is one of 13 districts of Bagmati Province and one of seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, with Dhunche, Gosaikunda Rural Municipality as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,544 km2 (596 sq mi) and has a population (2011) of 43,300. Its District Post Office (DPO) has a Rasuwa DPO code of 45000. There are five post offices in the district.  As per census 2011 total households in Rasuwa district were 9,778. It is the smallest district by area, among 16 districts in the Himalaya region of Nepal.
Meradong District
The Meradong District is located in Sarikei Division, Sarawak, Malaysia. The capital of Meradong District is Bintangor, Sarawak. The official census in 2006 stated Meradong as covering 719 sq km, making it the smallest district of Sarawak in terms of geographic area, and the district population from the 2010 National Census was 28,672. It is situated nearby Sarikei District.

Sarikei District
Sarikei District is an administrative district in Sarikei Division, Sarawak, Malaysia, covering an area of 985 square kilometres (380 sq mi). The town of Sarikei is the capital of the Sarikei district.
Hayato Imai
Hayato Imai (今井 隼人, Imai Hayato; born 1991) is a Japanese serial killer who murdered three elderly people at a nursing home in Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki between November and December 2014. A former emergency medical technician, he was sentenced to death, and is currently trying to appeal said sentence.

Emergency medical technician
An emergency medical technician (EMT) is a medical professional that provides emergency medical services. EMTs are most commonly found serving on ambulances and in fire departments in the US and Canada, as full-time and some part-time departments require their firefighters to at least be EMT certified.

EMTs are often employed by public ambulance services, municipal EMS agencies, governments, hospitals, and fire departments. Some EMTs are paid employees, while others (particularly those in rural areas) are volunteers. EMTs provide medical care under a set of protocols, which are typically written by a physician.

EMTs often work alongside other EMS professionals such as paramedics, who receive additional training and are granted a greater scope of practice.
Juan Simons Vela Airport
Juan Simons Vela Airport (IATA: RIJ, ICAO: SPJA) is a public airport serving Rioja, Department of San Martín, Peru.

The Rioja non-directional beacon (Ident: RIO) is located 1.8 nautical miles (3.3 km) off the threshold of runway 16.

Non-directional beacon
A non-directional beacon (NDB) or non-directional radio beacon is a radio beacon which does not include inherent directional information. Radio beacons are radio transmitters at a known location, used as an aviation or marine navigational aid. NDB are in contrast to directional radio beacons and other navigational aids, such as low-frequency radio range, VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) and tactical air navigation system (TACAN).

NDB signals follow the curvature of the Earth, so they can be received at much greater distances at lower altitudes, a major advantage over VOR. However, NDB signals are also affected more by atmospheric conditions, mountainous terrain, coastal refraction and electrical storms, particularly at long range. The system, developed by United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) Captain Albert Francis Hegenberger, was used to fly the world's first instrument approach on May 9, 1932.
Japan Agriculture and Forestry Ministry Workers' Unions
The Japan Agriculture and Forestry Ministry Workers' Unions (Japanese: 全農林労働組合, Zennorin) is a trade union representing workers at the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.

The union was founded in 1958, and affiliated to the General Council of Trade Unions of Japan.  It initially had 106,000 members, but this fell to 50,613 by 1970, and 37,060 by 1985.

From 1976, the union was also affiliated to the Japan Federation of National Service Employees, and from 1989 to the Japan Central Federation of National Public Service Employees' Unions, which was itself an affiliate of the Japanese Trade Union Confederation (RENGO).  From 2011, it was instead affiliated to RENGO through the Japan Public Sector Union, and as of 2018 it had about 12,500 members.

RENGO
The Japanese Trade Union Confederation (日本労働組合総連合会, Nihon Rōdōkumiai Sōrengōkai; abbreviated JTUC), commonly known as RENGO (連合, Rengō; lit. 'union'), is the largest national trade union center in Japan, with over six million members as of 2011. It was founded in 1989 as a result of the merger of the Japan Confederation of Labor (Dōmei), the Federation of Independent Unions (Chūritsu Rōren) and the National Federation Of Industrial Organisations (Shinsanbetsu). In 1990, the General Council of Trade Unions of Japan (Sohyo) also joined RENGO.

As of July 2012, RENGO has 54 affiliate unions and 47 local organizations.
Osculating plane
In mathematics, particularly in differential geometry, an osculating plane is a plane in a Euclidean space or affine space which meets a submanifold at a point in such a way as to have a second order of contact at the point.  The word osculate is from Latin  osculari 'to kiss'; an osculating plane is thus a plane which "kisses" a submanifold.

The osculating plane in the geometry of Euclidean space curves can be described in terms of the Frenet-Serret formulas as the linear span of the tangent and normal vectors.

Linear span
In mathematics, the linear span (also called the linear hull or just span) of a set  of elements of a vector space  is the smallest linear subspace of  that contains  It is the set of all finite linear combinations of the elements of S, and the intersection of all linear subspaces that contain  It is often denoted span(S) or

For example, in geometry, two linearly independent vectors span a plane.

To express that a vector space V is a linear span of a subset S, one commonly uses one of the following phrases: S spans V; S is a spanning set of V; V is spanned or generated by S;  S is a generator set or a generating set of V.

Spans can be generalized to many mathematical structures, in which case, the smallest substructure containing  is generally called the substructure generated by
Frank Smith (footballer, born 1897)
Frank William Smith (13 October 1897 – July 1988) was an English footballer. He started playing competitive football as an inside forward, but converted to a wing half during his Football League career.

Smith started his football career in the town of his birth with Kettering Town, before Watford paid a fee of £125 for his services in March 1921. He remained at the Hertfordshire-based club for the rest of his career, making 319 appearances in the Football League, and a further 22 in the FA Cup. Following his retirement from football in 1932, Smith remained in Hertfordshire, and became a bus driver. He died in July 1988 in St Albans, aged 90.

Kettering Town F.C.
Kettering Town Football Club is a football club based in Burton Latimer, Northamptonshire, England. They are currently members of the Southern League Premier Division Central and play at Latimer Park. Kettering were the first English club to wear sponsorship on their shirts in 1976, and have scored more goals in the FA Cup than any other club.
Associated Colleges of the Midwest
Associated Colleges of the Midwest (ACM) is a consortium of 14 private liberal arts colleges, primarily in the Midwestern United States. The 14 colleges are located in five states: Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. The ACM was established in 1958 and is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. The consortium's president is Lisa Jasinski.

Consortium
A consortium (pl. consortiums or consortia) is an association of two or more individuals, companies, organizations, or governments (or any combination of these entities) with the objective of participating in a common activity or pooling their resources for achieving a common goal. Consortia are generally nonprofit with a goal to help its members improve their competitiveness in the specific field.

Consortium is a Latin word meaning "partnership", "association", or "society", and derives from consors ("shared in property"), itself from con- ("together") and sors ("fate").
October (2010 film)
October (Spanish: Octubre) is a 2010 black comedy-drama film directed by brothers Daniel Vega Vidal and Diego Vega Vidal. The film was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival. The film was selected as the Peruvian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards, but it did not make the final shortlist. It is a co-production between Peru, Spain and Venezuela.

Un Certain Regard
Un Certain Regard (French: [œ̃ sɛʁtɛ̃ ʁəɡaʁ]; 'A Certain Glance') is a section of the Cannes Film Festival's official selection. It is run at the salle Debussy, parallel to the competition for the Palme d'Or. This section was introduced in 1978 by Gilles Jacob.

The section presents 20 films with unusual styles and non-traditional stories seeking international recognition.

Since 1998, the section has awarded the Un Certain Regard Prize to one film in the lineup, recognising emerging talent and innovative work. At the 1998 Cannes Film Festival, Killer by Darezhan Omirbaev was named the inaugural winner, while The Mysterious Gaze of the Flamingo by Diego Céspedes is the most recent winner (2025).