hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Harry Morgan Ayres
Harry Morgan Ayres (October 6, 1881 – November 20, 1948) was a professor of English Literature at Columbia University an author, and editor. He edited The Reader's Dictionary of Authors including entries for Charles William Eliot, Wilfrid Wilson Gibson, and George Moore and also contributed to the Library of the World's Best Literature.

The English Journal Volume 13 described The Modern students book of English literature he compiled and wrote with Frederick Morgan Padelford and William David Howe as: "A brave effort to give something of every trope - even letters and a taste of modern critical and biographical prose." The description adds that the selection of early English material is "more adequate" than is usual.

He defended General Dwight Eisenhower's appointment at Columbia pointing to the scholarly quality of his Guidhall speech in London.

He wrote an essay on Modern American Tendencies for The Cambridge History of English and American Literature in 18 Volumes.

Frederick Morgan Padelford
Frederick Morgan Padelford (1875–1942), pronounced Pa-DEL-ford, was an American professor and author. He worked at the University of Washington in Seattle for 41 years. He chaired the English Department and served as dean of the graduate school. The Orbis Cascade Alliance has a collection of his papers.

Padelford graduated with a B.A. from Colby College (1896) and a PhD from Yale (1899). He also received an LLD from Mills College in 1936.

He was a Spenserian scholar. A review of one of his works described him as writing with great spirit and mastery of evidence.

He married Jessie Elizabeth (Bessie) Pepper (1874–1967). Her father was President of Colby College. Their children were Morgan, Charlie, Eunice, and Philip Sidney Padelford (June 8, 1912 – October 12, 2009).

Padelford Hall, a building on the University of Washington Seattle campus, is named in his honor.
Feldbahn
A Feldbahn, or Lorenbahn, is the German term for a narrow-gauge field railway, usually not open to the public, which in its simplest form provides for the transportation of agricultural, forestry (Waldbahn) and industrial raw materials such as wood, peat, stone, earth and sand. Such goods are often transported in tipper wagons, known in German as Loren, hence such a railway is also referred to as a Lorenbahn.

2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways
Two foot and 600 mm gauge railways are narrow-gauge railways with track gauges of 2 ft (610 mm) and 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in), respectively. Railways with similar, less common track gauges, such as 1 ft 11+3⁄4 in (603 mm) and 1 ft 11+1⁄2 in (597 mm), are grouped with 2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways.
Zvěřina
Zvěřina (feminine Zvěřinová) is a Czech surname. Notable people include:

František Bohumír Zvěřina, Czech painter

Jana Zvěřinová, Czech canoeist

Jaroslav Zvěřina, Czech politician

Martina Zvěřinová, Czech orienteer

Jaroslav Zvěřina
Jaroslav Zvěřina Czech pronunciationⓘ (born 18 December 1942 in Třebíč) is a Czech politician and former Member of the European Parliament with the Civic Democratic Party, part of the European Democrats and sits on the European Parliament's Committee on Legal Affairs. He was also a candidate in the European Parliament election in 2009, but was not reelected.

He is a substitute for the Committee on Culture and Education and a vice-chair of the Delegation for Relations with Japan.
Svárovský
Svárovský and its variations are Czech surnames.

Daniel Swarovski (1862–1956), Czech-Austrian businessman and co-founder of Austrian glass producer Swarovski

Fiona Swarovski (born 1965), Australian-Italian-Swiss entrepreneur, fashion designer and personal stylist

Fyodor Svarovsky (born 1971), Russian poet and journalist

Gernot Langes-Swarovski (1943–2021), Austrian businessman, relative of Daniel; see  Gernot Langes-Swarovski (de)

Hans Swarowsky (1899–1975), Hungarian-Austrian conductor

Leoš Svárovský (born 1961), Czech conductor

Markus Langes-Swarovski (born 1974), an Austrian businessman, relative of Daniel; see  Markus Langes-Swarovski (de)

Manfred Swarovski, Austrian businessman, relative of Daniel, see Swarco Holding (de)

Nadja Swarovski (born 1970), Austrian-American businesswoman

Leoš Svárovský
Leoš Svárovský (born 17 May 1961 in Jablonec nad Nisou, former Czechoslovakia) is a Czech flautist and conductor.

He began his musical career as a flautist after studying at the Prague Conservatory. By 1981 he was a renowned soloist. He studied until 1987 at the Czech Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, starting his conducting career in 1985.
Spectacled flying fox
The spectacled flying fox (Pteropus conspicillatus), also known as the spectacled fruit bat, is a megabat that lives in Australia's north-eastern regions of Queensland. It is also found in New Guinea and on the offshore islands including Woodlark Island, Alcester Island, Kiriwina, and Halmahera.

The spectacled flying fox was listed as a threatened species under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. They were considered vulnerable due to a significant decline in numbers as a result of loss of their prime feeding habitat and secluded camp sites. It has also been reported that spectacled flying foxes skim over the surface of water to drink and are sometimes eaten by crocodiles.  The species was classified as endangered by the IUCN in 2020.

In February 2019, the Australian government upgraded the threatened status from vulnerable to endangered, after almost a third of the bat population died in a severe heatwave in Queensland in late 2018.

Threatened species
A threatened species is any species (including animals, plants and fungi) which is vulnerable to extinction in the near future. Species that are threatened are sometimes characterised by the population dynamics measure of critical depensation, a mathematical measure of biomass related to population growth rate. This quantitative metric is one method of evaluating the degree of endangerment without direct reference to human activity.
1969 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1969 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 81st staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 26 January 1969. The championship ran from 6 April to 26 October 1969.

Carbery entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by St. Nicholas' in the quarter-finals.

The final was played on 26 October 1969 at the Athletic Grounds in Cork between University College Cork and St. Nicholas' in what was their first meeting in the final in six years. UCC won the match by 0-09 to 0-08 to claim their seventh championship title overall and their first title since 1964. It was their 7th championship title overall and their first title since 1964.

Teddy O'Brien was the championship's top scorer with 2-20.

Carbery GAA
Carbery GAA is a Gaelic football and Hurling division in the south-west area of County Cork, Ireland. The division is one of eight divisions of the Cork County Board and a division is responsible for organising competitions for the clubs within the division from Under 12 up to adult level The winners of these competitions compete against other divisional champions to determine which club is the county champion. In addition, the division selects football and hurling teams from the adult teams playing at junior level or county intermediate level, and these then compete for the Cork GAA Senior Football Championship and Cork Senior Hurling Championship.

The Carbery division consists of 26 clubs from Bandon in the east to Bantry Blues in the west.
Jessie (given name)
Jessie is a given name in its own right, but may also be a nickname for the given name Jessica. It is generally considered the feminine form of Jesse. The name Jess is also a given name. It, or Jesse, may be used in Spanish as a nickname for the male name Jesus.

Jesus (name)
Jesus (/ˈdʒiːzəs/) is a masculine given name derived from Iēsous (Ἰησοῦς; Iesus in Classical Latin), the Ancient Greek form of the Hebrew name Yeshua (ישוע). As its roots lie in the name Isho in Aramaic and Yeshua in Hebrew, it is etymologically related to another biblical name, Joshua.

The vocative form Jesu, from Latin Iesu, was commonly used in religious texts and prayers during the Middle Ages, particularly in England, but gradually declined in usage as the English language evolved.

Jesus is usually not used as a given name in the English-speaking world, while its counterparts have had longstanding popularity among people with other language backgrounds, such as the Spanish Jesús.
Electron acceptor
An electron acceptor is a chemical entity that accepts electrons transferred to it from another compound. Electron acceptors are oxidizing agents.

The electron accepting power of an electron acceptor is measured by its redox potential.

In the simplest case, electron acceptors are reduced by one electron.  The process can alter the structure of the acceptor substantially. When the added electron is highly delocalized, the structural consequences of the reduction can be subtle. The central C-C distance in the electron acceptor tetracyanoethylene elongates from 135 to 143 pm upon acceptance of an electron.  In the formation of some donor-acceptor complexes, less than one electron is transferred.  TTF-TCNQ is a charge transfer complex.

Tetrathiafulvalene
Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) is an organosulfur compound with the formula H2C2S2C=CS2C2H2. It is the parent of many tetrathiafulvenes. Studies on these heterocyclic compound contributed to the development of molecular electronics, although no practical applications of TTF emerged. TTF is related to the hydrocarbon fulvalene (H4C4C=CC4H4) by replacement of four CH groups with sulfur atoms. Over 10,000 scientific publications discuss TTF and its derivatives.
Manser
Manser is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anthony Manser (1924–1995), British philosopher

Bruno Manser (1954–presumably 2000), Swiss anthropologist and activist

Harry Manser (1874–1955), justice of the Maine Supreme Judicial Court

Kevin Manser (1929–2001), Australian actor

Leslie Manser (1922–1942), British bomber pilot

Michael Manser (1929–2016), British architect

Pauline Manser (born 1969), Australian volleyball coach

Riaan Manser (born 1973), South African explorer

Robert Manser (1880–1955), English first-class cricketer

Thérès Manser (born 1956), Swiss sport shooter

Bruno Manser
Bruno Manser (25 August 1954 – presumed dead 10 March 2005) was a Swiss environmentalist and human rights activist. From 1984 to 1990, he stayed with the Penan people in Sarawak, Malaysia, organising rainforest blockades against timber companies. After he emerged from the forests in 1990, he engaged in public activism for rainforest preservation and the human rights of indigenous peoples, especially the Penan, which brought him into conflict with the Malaysian government. He also founded the Swiss non-governmental organization (NGO) Bruno Manser Fonds in 1991. Manser disappeared during his last journey to Sarawak in May 2000 and is presumed dead.
Planet X Limited
Planet X is a bicycle company based in Rotherham, in the north of England. It was founded in 1988 by Dave Loughran and, in 2020, became an employee-owned trust.

Planet X operates a number of brands including On-One components and Titus bikes.

Rotherham
Rotherham (/ˈrɒðərəm/ ⓘ RODH-ər-əm) is a market town in South Yorkshire, England. It lies at the confluence of the River Rother, from which the town gets its name,  and the River Don. It is the largest settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham.

Before the Industrial Revolution, traditional industries included farming, glass making and flour milling. In the late 18th and 19th centuries, Rotherham became known for its coal mining and, later, steel industries. The town's historic county is Yorkshire, and Rotherham was once part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. In 1974, this administrative county was abolished during a reorganisation of local government. Subsequently, Rotherham became part of the county of South Yorkshire, where it makes up one of four metropolitan boroughs.

Rotherham had a population of 109,691 in the 2011 census. The borough had a 2024 population of 276,595, the 64th most populous district in England.
MAXQDA
MAXQDA is a computer-assisted qualitative data analysis (CAQDAS) application used for qualitative and mixed methods research. Developed and distributed by VERBI Software in Berlin, Germany, it runs on Windows and macOS and supports projects containing textual materials, PDFs, images, audio and video (including transcripts), and structured survey data.

Its functions include organizing and coding source materials, writing memos, retrieving and querying coded segments, managing cases and associated variables, and producing tables and visualizations. The software also supports inter-coder agreement checks and mixed methods workflows that link qualitative codes to numerical attributes.

Qualitative Research (journal)
Qualitative Research is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering qualitative research methods in the fields of sociology and other social sciences. It was established in 2001 and is published by SAGE Publications. The founding editors were Sara Delamont and Paul Atkinson. The current editors-in-chief are Bella Dicks, Karen Henwood, and William Housley (Cardiff University).
Suggestion box
The suggestion box is used for collecting slips of paper with input from customers and patrons of a particular organization. Suggestion boxes may also exist internally, within an organization, such as means for garnering employee opinion.

Post box
A post box (British English; also written postbox; also known as pillar box), also known as a collection box, mailbox, letter box or drop box (American English), is a physical box into which members of the public can deposit outgoing mail intended for collection by the agents of a country's postal service. The term post box can also refer to a private letter box for incoming mail.
Hashim Jasin
Hashim bin Jasin (Jawi: هاشم بن ياسين‎; born 1 August 1939) is a Malaysian politician from the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), a component party of the Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalition. He has served as the 4th Spiritual Leader of PAS since October 2016 after the death of his predecessor Haron Din in September 2016 and its State Commissioner of Perlis from 1991 to 2013. Besides, he served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Arau after his victory in the 1998 Arau by-elections until the 1999 general election in November 1999 and Member of the Perlis State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Sanglang from November 1999 to the 2013 general election in May 2013.

Sanglang (state constituency)
Sanglang is a state constituency in Perlis, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Perlis State Legislative Assembly.

The state constituency was created in 1958. It was first contested in 1959 and is mandated to return a single Assemblyman to the Perlis State Legislative Assembly under the first-past-the-post voting system. Since 2013, the State Assemblyman for Sanglang is Mohd Shukri Ramli from Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS).
MV Wolfe Islander IV
MV Wolfe Islander IV is a hybrid ferry serving between Kingston, Ontario and Wolfe Island in the Great Lakes. It replaces the ferry MV Wolfe Islander III and brings 50% more capacity. Wolfe Islander IV was constructed alongside another ferry, Amherst Islander II, using the same hybrid technology.

Wolfe Islander IV is a Damen 9819 E3 built at the Damen Galați shipyard in Romania. After being handed over to the Ontario Ministry of Transportation in August 2021, it was originally anticipated to be brought into full-time service in mid 2022, but faced several delays due in part to crew shortages and incomplete docking infrastructure. The ferry eventually began full-time service on August 17, 2024, however, as of September 2025 it has faced two major incidents that have taken it out of service for multiple months to do repairs.

Hybrid vehicle
A hybrid vehicle is one that uses two or more distinct types of power, such as submarines that use diesel when surfaced and batteries when submerged. Other means to store energy include pressurized fluid in hydraulic hybrids.

Hybrid powertrains are designed to switch from one power source to another to maximize both fuel efficiency and energy efficiency. In hybrid electric vehicles, for instance, the electric motor is more efficient at producing torque, or turning power, while the combustion engine is better for maintaining high speed. Improved efficiency, lower emissions, and reduced running costs relative to non-hybrid vehicles are three primary benefits of hybridization.
Ben Mathes
Ben Mathes is an ordained minister in the Presbyterian Church (USA) who has been actively involved in providing health care in remote regions throughout the world.

He is the founder and president of “Rivers of the World”, an international exploration and development agency that focuses on remote river basins.

He graduated from Rhodes College and earned his Master of Divinity at Columbia Theological Seminary. He finished as a Doctor of Humane Letters at Hampden-Sydney College and a Doctor of Divinity at Washington College.

His work has its focus on a large number of remote areas in several nations, including Zaire, Haiti, Korea, Taiwan and Japan.

Mathes was honored by Rotary International with an Honorary Membership in appreciation for his work fighting polio and river blindness.  He received an Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters (L.D.H.) from Hampden-Sydney College in May, 1999.

Washington College
Washington College is a private liberal arts college in Chestertown, Maryland, United States. Maryland granted Washington College its charter in 1782. George Washington supported the founding of the college by consenting to have the "College at Chester" named in his honor through financial support and service on the college's Board of Visitors and Governors. Washington College is the 10th-oldest college in the United States and was the first college chartered after American independence. The school became coeducational in 1891.
Coleophora ochripennella
Coleophora ochripennella is a species of moth from the family Coleophoridae. It is found from Germany and Poland to the Pyrenees, Italy and Greece.

The larvae feed on Ballota nigra, Glechoma hederacea, Lamium album, Lamium purpureum, Stachys officinalis and Stachys sylvatica. Larvae can be found from October to May.

Betonica officinalis
Betonica officinalis, common name betony is a species of flowering plant in the mint family Lamiaceae, native to Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa. Other vernacular names include wood betony, common hedgenettle, purple betony, bishopwort, or bishop's wort.

It was until recently usually included in the genus Stachys as its synonym Stachys officinalis, but Betonica was separated at genus rank from Stachys when a detailed examination showed clear consistent differences in both the foliage and flowers, valid at a higher rank than the previous treatment as just a subgenus. This has been confirmed by genetic study, which shows Betonica is separate from Stachys and more closely related to the hemp-nettles Galeopsis.

The Latin specific epithet officinalis refers to plants which had a culinary or medicinal use.
Dostonbek Tursunov
Dostonbek Tursunov (Russian: Достонбек Турсунов; born 13 June 1995) is an Uzbek professional footballer who currently plays as a centre back for Hong Kong Premier League club Lee Man and the Uzbekistan national team.

Uzbeks
The Uzbeks (Uzbek: Oʻzbeklar; Ўзбеклар; اۉزبېکلر‎) are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, being the largest Turkic ethnic group in the area. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, next to Tajiks and Karakalpak minorities, and also form minority groups in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Russia, and China. Uzbek diaspora communities also exist in Turkey, Saudi Arabia, United States, Ukraine, Pakistan, and other countries.
Frostpunk 2
Frostpunk 2 is a city-building survival video game developed and published by 11 Bit Studios. Set 30 years after the original game, Frostpunk 2 tasks players to take on the role of a leader in an alternate history early 20th century in order to build and manage a city during a catastrophic, worldwide volcanic winter that almost completely destroyed human civilization while making morally and politically controversial choices to ensure its survival. The game was released for macOS and Windows PC on September 20, 2024, with a later release for PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X and Series S on September 18, 2025.

Volcanic winter
A volcanic winter is a reduction in global temperatures caused by droplets of sulfuric acid obscuring the Sun and raising Earth's albedo (increasing the reflection of solar radiation) after a large, sulfur-rich, particularly explosive volcanic eruption. Climate effects are primarily dependent upon the amount of injection of SO2 and H2S into the stratosphere where they react with OH and H2O to form H2SO4 on a timescale of a week, and the resulting H2SO4 aerosols produce the dominant radiative effect. Volcanic stratospheric aerosols cool the surface by reflecting solar radiation and warm the stratosphere by absorbing terrestrial radiation for several years. Moreover, the cooling trend can be further extended by atmosphere–ice–ocean feedback mechanisms. These feedbacks can continue to maintain the cool climate long after the volcanic aerosols have dissipated.
Corinna Halke
Corinna Halke-Teichmann (born 9 July 1957 in Dortmund) is a German former pair skater and current sport journalist.

With partner  Eberhard Rausch, she is the 1974–1976 German national champion. They competed five times at the European Figure Skating Championships and the World Figure Skating Championships. They placed 10th at the 1972 Winter Olympics and 8th at the 1976 Winter Olympics.

After retirement from competitive skating in 1981, she became sport journalist. She has worked for the Bayerischen Rundfunk and for the German TV-station ARD since 1984.

She is married. The couple has one child.

1976 Winter Olympics
The 1976 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XII Olympic Winter Games (German: XII. Olympische Winterspiele, French: XIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver) and commonly known as Innsbruck 1976 (Austro-Bavarian: Innschbruck 1976), were a winter multi-sport event celebrated in Innsbruck, Austria, from February 4 to 15, 1976. The games were awarded to Innsbruck after Denver, the original host city, withdrew in 1972. This was the second time the Tyrolean capital had hosted the Winter Olympics, having first done so in 1964.
Ichilo Province
Ichilo is one of the fifteen provinces of the Bolivian Santa Cruz Department and is situated in the department's north-western parts. The province was founded by a decree of 8 April 1926 and is named after Río Ichilo which is forming the province border in the West.

Santa Cruz Department
Santa Cruz (Spanish pronunciation: [ˌsanta ˈkɾus]) is the largest of the nine constituent departments of Bolivia, occupying about one-third (33.74%) of the country's territory. With an area of 370,621 km2 (143,098 sq mi), it is slightly smaller than Japan or the US state of Montana. It is located in the eastern part of the country, sharing borders in the north and east with Brazil and with Paraguay in the south.

In the 2024 census, it had an estimated population of 3.1 million, making it the most populated department. Its capital city is Santa Cruz de la Sierra. The department is one of the wealthiest departments in Bolivia, with huge reserves of natural gas. Besides, it has experienced the highest increase of economic growth during the last 50 years in Bolivia and South America.