hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Demographics of Cleveland
The demographics of Cleveland have fluctuated throughout the city's history. From its founding in 1796, Cleveland's population grew to 261,353 by 1890, and to 796,841 by 1920, making it the fifth largest city in the United States at the time. By 1930, the population rose to 900,429 and, after World War II, it reached 914,808. Due to various historical factors including deindustrialization, suburbanization, and urban sprawl, Cleveland's population began decreasing in the 1960s. By 1970, the city's population was 750,903. By 1980, it was 573,822 and it had lost its position as one of the top 10 largest cities in the U.S. By 2020, the population had further fallen to 372,624. Beginning in 2018, the city's population began to flatten, after decades of decline. Additionally, between 2010 and 2020, several neighborhoods within Cleveland saw a significant population increase, most notably Downtown, but also University Circle and several West Side neighborhoods.

History of Cleveland
The city of Cleveland, Ohio, was founded by General Moses Cleaveland of the Connecticut Land Company on July 22, 1796. Its central location on the southern shore of Lake Erie and the mouth of the Cuyahoga River allowed it to become a major center for Great Lakes trade in northern Ohio in the early 19th century. An important Northern city during the American Civil War, Cleveland grew into a major industrial metropolis and a gateway for European and Middle Eastern immigrants, as well as African American migrants, seeking jobs and opportunity.

For most of the 20th century, Cleveland was one of America's largest cities, but after World War II, it suffered from post-war deindustrialization and suburbanization. The city has pursued a gradual recovery since the 1980s, becoming a major national center for healthcare and the arts by the early 21st century.
Cuban Giants
The Cuban Giants were the first fully salaried African-American professional baseball club. The team was originally formed in 1885 at the Argyle Hotel, a summer resort in Babylon, New York. Initially an independent barnstorming team, they played games against opponents of all types: major and minor league clubs, semiprofessional teams, even college and amateur squads. They would go on to join various short-lived East Coast leagues, and in 1888 became the "World Colored Champions". Despite their name, no Cubans played on the team. The "Cubes" remained one of the premier Negro league teams for nearly 20 years, and served as a model that future black teams would emulate.

Semi-professional sports
Semi-professional sports are sports in which athletes are not participating on a full-time basis, but still receive some payment. Semi-professionals are not amateur because they receive regular payment from their team, but generally at a considerably lower rate than a full-time professional athlete. As a result, semi-professional players frequently have (or seek) full-time employment elsewhere. A semi-pro player or team could also be one that represents a place of employment that only the employees are allowed to play on. In this case, it is considered semi-pro because their employer pays them, but for their regular job, not for playing on the company's team.

The semi-professional status is not universal throughout the world and depends on each country's labour code and each sports organization's specific regulations.
Who Killed Teddy Bear?
Who Killed Teddy Bear? is a 1965 American neo-noir crime thriller film, directed by Joseph Cates and starring Sal Mineo, Juliet Prowse, Jan Murray and Elaine Stritch. The film was written by Arnold Drake and Leon Tokatyan. The film follows a New York City discotheque hostess who is stalked by a sexual predator. Though it contains no nudity, the movie touches on taboo topics such as pornography, voyeurism, incest, and lesbianism. It also became notable for showing Times Square and 42nd Street in its seedier era.

The film’s cult reputation grew over the years and in 1996, it was given a limited theatrical re-release. In 2009, the film was released on home media for the first time by British company Network Releasing. The company gave the film a Blu-ray transfer in 2018.

42nd Street (Manhattan)
42nd Street is a major crosstown street in the New York City borough of Manhattan, spanning the entire breadth of Midtown Manhattan, from  Turtle Bay at the East River, to Hell's Kitchen at the Hudson River on the West Side. The street has several major landmarks, including (from east to west) the headquarters of the United Nations, the Chrysler Building, Grand Central Terminal, the New York Public Library Main Branch, Times Square, and the Port Authority Bus Terminal.

The street is known for its theaters, especially near the intersection with Broadway at Times Square, and as such is also the name of the region of the theater district (and, at times, the red-light district) near that intersection. The street also has a section of off-Broadway theaters known as Theatre Row.
Stuart Coupe
Stuart Coupe is an Australian music journalist, author, band manager, promoter, publicist and music label founder. A renowned rock music writer, Coupe is best known for his work with Roadrunner, Rock Australia Magazine, The Sun-Herald, and Dolly; the music labels, GREEN Records and Laughing Outlaw; and the author of books including The Promoters, Gudinski, Roadies, and Paul Kelly.

Coupe is a former manager of the Australian bands Hoodoo Gurus and Paul Kelly and is currently a presenter on Sydney radio stations 2SER and FBI Radio. He is also known for his writing as a reviewer of crime fiction for the Sydney Morning Herald and for founding the Australian crime fiction magazine, Mean Streets.

Dolly (magazine)
Dolly (stylised in all-caps) was an Australian bimonthly teen magazine started in 1970 by Fairfax Ltd. in Australia and New Zealand, and purchased by ACP in 1988. The magazine produced over 400 issues and had a readership of 505,000 in 2007. The print edition ceased in December 2016, at which point the magazine became online only. In June 2020, the magazine was purchased from the Bauer Media Group by Mercury Capital. As of September 2023, the Dolly website ceased and now redirects to the website for Girlfriend.

Dolly was the basis and inspiration for Sassy Magazine (1987–1996) in the United States. The magazine was aimed at girls aged 13–17 and covered celebrity news and gossip, fashion and beauty and various feature articles aimed at or dealing with issues faced by teenage girls.
Rajegaon
Rajegaon is a village and gram panchayat in Kirnapur tehsil of Balaghat district in Madhya Pradesh, India.  It is situated on the Madhya Pradesh – Maharashtra border.  It is approx 22 kilometres (14 mi) from Balaghat, the district headquarters, and 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Kirnapur.  Buses are available to reach it.

Balaghat district
Balaghat district (Hindi pronunciation: [baːlaːgʱaːʈ]) is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in Central India. Its belongs to Jabalpur Division. Balaghat city is Administrative Headquarter of Balaghat District.Balaghat district is located in southeastern part of Madhya Pradesh.

Balaghat is known for its tile factories, rice mills and forests. In MP Balaghat district has significant mineral deposits and a number of forests. Balaghat comes under the Bhandara dist. Raghuji is the first Maratha who came to this place from Kirnapur Side.
OAO TMK
"TMK" (Russian: ПAO Трубная Металлургическая Компания, romanized: Trubnaya Metallurgicheskaya Kompaniya, lit. 'Pipe Metallurgical Co., OJSC') (MCX: TRMK) is a leading global manufacturer and supplier of steel pipes, tubular solutions and related services for the oil and gas industry, and specialty tubular products and pipeline systems for the nuclear, chemical, mechanical engineering and construction industries. Currently, the company integrates production assets in Russia, Kazakhstan, Romania and Czech Republic. and two R&D centers in Russia. 
It is based in Moscow, Russia.

Taganrog
Taganrog (Russian: Таганрог, IPA: [təɡɐnˈrok]) is a port city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, on the north shore of Taganrog Bay in the Sea of Azov, several kilometers west of the mouth of the Don River. It is in the Black Sea region. Population: 245,120 (2021 census); 257,681 (2010 census); 281,947 (2002 census); 291,622 (1989 Soviet census).

Located at the site of an ancient Greek and medieval Italian colony, modern Taganrog was founded in 1698. Contested by various factions during World War I and the Russian Civil War, the city served as the temporary Soviet Ukrainian capital in 1918.
2006 Slough Borough Council election
Elections to Slough Borough Council were held on 4 May 2006. One third of the council was up for election. This was the 121st Slough general local authority election (including both whole Council elections and elections by thirds) since Slough became a local government unit in 1863.

Overall, the Labour Party gained three seats, the Conservative Party lost two and the Liberal Democrats lost one. This result was slightly unusual compared with the other UK local elections on the same day whereby the Conservative Party generally gained seats at the expense of the Labour Party.

This election filled thirteen seats for the term 2006–2010. The remaining twenty-eight Slough Councillors continued in office. These seats were previously contested in the whole Council election of 2004 following the redrawing of the ward boundaries in the Borough.

Liberal Party (UK, 1989)
The Liberal Party is a minor political party in the United Kingdom which espouses liberalism. It was founded in 1989 by members of the original Liberal Party (founded in 1859) who opposed the latter's merger with the Social Democratic Party (SDP) to form the Liberal Democrats. The Liberal Party currently holds seven local council seats. The party promotes a hybrid of both classical and social liberal tendencies.
Carlton and Oulton Marshes
Carlton and Oulton Marshes is a 151 hectare nature reserve in Lowestoft in Suffolk. It is managed by the Suffolk Wildlife Trust. Carlton Marshes is part of the Sprat's Water and Marshes, Carlton Colville Site of Special Scientific Interest, the Broadland Ramsar internationally important wetland site, the Broadland Special Protection Area under the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds, and The Broads Special Area of Conservation.

Carlton and Oulton Marshes are separated by Oulton Dyke. Birds of prey include marsh harriers, barn owls and hobbies, and there are many wintering wildfowl and breeding waders. Semi-aquatic fen raft spiders were released on the site in 2012 to boost the low British population, and underwater insectivorous bladderworts trap water fleas.

The Angles Way footpath passes through Carlton Marsh south of Oulton Dyke, and Oulton Marsh north of the Dyke is also accessible by footpaths.

Great raft spider
The great raft spider or fen raft spider (Dolomedes plantarius) is a European species of spider in the family Dolomedidae. Like other Dolomedes spiders, it is semiaquatic, hunting its prey on the surface of water. It occurs mainly in neutral to alkaline, unpolluted water of fens and grazing marsh.
Giuseppe Viscovich
Giuseppe Viscovich, also Josip Visković, was a Venetian count. He was the Captain of the town of Perast (now in Montenegro), the last territory of the Republic of Venice to surrender to France.

On August 23, 1797, the citizens of Perast gathered to bury the flag of the Republic under the altar of the cathedral, to prevent it from falling into enemy hands. Before the kneeling crowd, Viscovich delivered an emotional speech, the Discorso de Perasto, still well known to Venetians. Contemporary chroniclers say that Giuseppe said to his young grandson, present at the ceremony, "You too kneel, Annibale, and remember these words as long as you live."

Captain Viscovich's impassioned speech is often cited as an expression of the loyalty which many Croatian, Serbian and Montenegrin subjects of the Venetian Republic felt.

Perast
Perast (Montenegrin: Пераст) is a town in Coastal region of Montenegro. It is situated a few kilometres northwest of Kotor and is noted for its proximity to the islets of St. George and Our Lady of the Rocks.
Mentuhotep (queen)
Mentuhotep was an ancient Egyptian queen of the Second Intermediate Period, wife of pharaoh Djehuti. Her main title was Great Royal Wife. Another title was Khenemetneferhedjet (she who is united with the white crown).

Great Royal Wife
Great Royal Wife, or alternatively, Chief King's Wife (Ancient Egyptian: ḥmt nswt wrt) is the title that was used to refer to the principal wife of the pharaoh of Ancient Egypt, who served many official functions.
Abdul Mannan Syed
Abdul Mannan Syed (3 August 1943 – 5 September 2010) was a Bangladeshi poet, and critic. He is known for his considerable research works on Kazi Nazrul Islam, Jibanananda Das, Farrukh Ahmad, Syed Waliullah, Manik Bandyopadhyay, Bishnu De, Samar Sen, Roquiah Sakhawat Hossain, Abdul Ghani Hazari, Muhammad Wajed Ali, Prabodh Chandra Sen. From 2002 to 2004, he held the position of Executive Director of Nazrul Institute.

Jagannath University
Jagannath University (JnU) (Bengali: জগন্নাথ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়) is a public university located in Sadarghat, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Founded as Dhaka Brahma School in 1858 and renamed Jagannath School in 1872, and later renamed Jagannath College in 1884, the institution was taken over by the Pakistani government in 1968, while Bangladesh was still a part of Pakistan. It opened graduate and post-graduate programmes in 1975 and was approved as a full public university in 2005.

In 2022, Jagannath University opened its first residential hall, for female residents only. The university is in the southern part of Dhaka city near the River Buriganga and a new campus of approximately 81 ha (200 acres) is being built at Keraniganj. Total campus area is more than 85 ha (210 acres) with three campuses and a women's residence hall.
Chongqing Municipal People's Government
The Chongqing Municipal People's Government is the local administrative agency of Chongqing. It is officially elected by the Chongqing Municipal People's Congress and is formally responsible to the CMPC and its Standing Committee. The municipal government is headed by a mayor, currently Hu Henghua. Under the country's one-party system, the mayor is subordinate to the secretary of the Chongqing Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

Mayor of Chongqing
The mayor of Chongqing, officially the Mayor of the Chongqing Municipal People's Government, is the head of Chongqing Municipality and leader of the Chongqing Municipal People's Government.

The mayor is elected by the Chongqing Municipal People's Congress, and responsible to it and its Standing Committee. The mayor is a provincial level official and is responsible for the overall decision-making of the municipal government. The mayor is assisted by an executive vice mayor as well as several vice mayors. The mayor generally serves as the deputy secretary of the Chongqing Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and as a member of the CCP Central Committee. The mayor the second-highest ranking official in the city after the secretary of the CCP Chongqing Committee. The current mayor is Hu Henghua, who took office on 30 December 2021.
Centennial School District (Oregon)
Centennial School District 28J is a school district in the U.S. state of Oregon, with an enrollment of approximately 6,700 students. Its headquarters are in Gresham, with a Portland postal address.

Within Multnomah County, the district includes sections of Gresham and southeast Portland. Within Clackamas County, the district includes portions of Portland, Happy Valley, and the census-designated place of Damascus.

Happy Valley, Oregon
Happy Valley is a suburban city in the Portland metropolitan area. Happy Valley is near the northwest edge of Clackamas County, Oregon, United States approximately 13 miles to the southeast of downtown Portland. The population was 23,733 at the 2020 census, According to 2023 census estimates, the city is estimated to have a population of 28,409.
Pikknurme
Pikknurme is a village in Põltsamaa Parish, Jõgeva County in Estonia. It is located just northwest of Puurmani, by the Tallinn –Tartu road (E263). Pikknurme has a population of 203 (as of 10 April 2006). The village is crossed by the Pikknurme River.

European route E263
European route E 263 is a Class B road part of the International E-road network. It runs only through Estonia, begins in Tallinn and ends in Luhamaa, Võru County, and shares exactly the same route as Estonian national road 2.

Route: Tallinn – Tartu – Võru – Luhamaa.

Its total length is 288.5 km (179.3 mi).
E type Adelaide tram
The E type Adelaide tram was a class of 20 bogie, half open, half closed combination trams with one drop and one straight sill end built by A Pengelly & Co, Adelaide in 1910 for the Municipal Tramways Trust (MTT). In 1918/19, all were remotored with 65 hp General Electric 201s with the original 50 hp General Electric 202s reused in the C type trams. When the MTT introduced an alpha classification system in 1923, they were designated the E type. In 1936, all were converted to E1s with crossbenches removed and the saloon extended along the full length.

A. Pengelley & Co
A. Pengelley & Co was a manufacturer of furniture, horse-drawn vehicles, motor car bodies and tram and railway rolling stock bodies  in Adelaide, South Australia. The company had a 3-acre (1.2-hectare) factory on South Road, Edwardstown.

On 25 December 1913, much of the factory was destroyed by fire, except for the railway carriage and tram construction facilities.

In 1954, the premises were purchased and occupied by the Hills Hoists company to manufacture rotary clothes lines.
Union National Bank
Union National Bank (UNB) was a bank based in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, from 1982 until it merged with Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank in 2019. The bank had its shares listed in the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange (ADX) under the symbol UNB.

It was established as a Public Joint Stock Company in 1982, and became one of the UAE's leading domestic banks in the United Arab Emirates. The bank offered a variety of products and services to individuals and corporations. It had more than 50 branches and banking centers.

In 2006, during the Egyptian banking industry reforms, Alexandria Commercial and Maritime Bank was privatised and subsequently acquired by Union National Bank.

Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange
Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange (ADX) (Arabic: سوق أبو ظبي للأوراق المالية) is a stock exchange in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Established in November 2000, ADX has grown significantly over the years, evolving into a dynamic platform for trading and investment, with a reputation for stability, transparency, and innovation.
Teri Rofkar
Teri Rofkar, or Chas' Koowu Tla'a (1956–2016), was a Tlingit weaver and educator from Sitka, Alaska. She specialized in Ravenstail (Raven's Tail) designs and spruce root baskets.

Rofkar was born on September 27, 1956 in San Rafael, California and grew up in Pelican and Anchorage, Alaska. In 1976 she moved to Sitka, Alaska, the town her grandmother was born in, raising three children with her husband Denny Rofkar. She died on December 2, 2016, at age 60.

Rofkar learned weaving from her grandmother Eliza Mork, as well as Delores Churchill (Haida), Ernestine Hanlon-Abel (Tlingit) and Cheryl Samuel. She began her professional career as a weaver in 1986. She wove the first Tlingit robe made completely from mountain goat wool in more than two hundred years, but also worked with contemporary materials and technology.

Tlingit
The Tlingit or Lingít (/ˈtlɪŋkɪt, ˈklɪŋkɪt/ ⓘ TLING-kit, KLING-kit) are an Indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America. Tlingit people are Alaska Natives and First Nations in Canada. Their mother tongue is the Tlingit language, a Na-Dene language.

The Tlingit have a matrilineal kinship system, with children born into the mother's clan, and property and hereditary roles passing through the mother's line. Their culture and society developed in the temperate rainforest of the southeast Alaskan coast and the Alexander Archipelago. The Tlingit have maintained a complex hunter-gatherer culture based on semi-sedentary management of fisheries. Hereditary slavery was practiced extensively until it was outlawed by the United States Government. The Inland Tlingit live in the far northwestern part of the province of British Columbia and the southern Yukon in Canada. Taku Tlingit live in British Columbia and Alaska.
Yabe Shūhen Prefectural Natural Park
Yabe Shūhen Prefectural Natural Park (矢部周辺県立自然公園, Yabe Shūhen kenritsu shizen kōen) is a Prefectural Natural Park in eastern Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. Established in 1957, the park spans the municipalities of Kōsa, Mifune, Misato, and Yamato. The park encompasses the Gorōga Falls (五老ヶ滝), Unoko Falls (鵜の子滝), Reidai Bridge (霊台橋), and Tsūjun Bridge.

Mifune, Kumamoto
Mifune (御船町, Mifune-machi) is a town located in Kamimashiki District, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 July 2024, the town had an estimated population of 17,254 in 7647 households, and a population density of 170 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 99.03 km2 (38.24 sq mi).
Mōri Museum
Mōri Museum (毛利博物館, Mōri Hakubutsukan) opened in Hōfu, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan, in 1966. It occupies part of the Former Mōri Clan Main Residence, dating from the Meiji and Taishō periods, of which twelve component structures have been jointly designated an Important Cultural Property and the gardens a Place of Scenic Beauty. The collection of some twenty thousand objects includes four National Treasures, nine Important Cultural Properties, and nine Prefectural Cultural Properties.

Important Cultural Property (Japan)
An Important Cultural Property (重要文化財, jūyō bunkazai) is an item officially classified as Tangible Cultural Property by the Japanese government's Agency for Cultural Affairs (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) and judged to be of particular importance to the history, arts, and culture of the Japanese people.
1980 Cambridge City Council election
The 1980 Cambridge City Council election took place on 1 May 1980 to elect members of Cambridge City Council in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England. This was on the same day as other local elections across England.

Cambridge City Council
Cambridge City Council is the local authority for Cambridge, a non-metropolitan district with city status in Cambridgeshire, England. The council has been under Labour majority control since 2014. It meets at Cambridge Guildhall. The council is a member of the Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Combined Authority.
Lysurus mokusin
Lysurus mokusin, commonly known as the lantern stinkhorn, the small lizard's claw, or the ribbed lizard claw, is a saprobic species of fungus in the family Phallaceae. The fruit body consists of a reddish, cylindrical fluted stipe that is capped with several "arms". The arms can approach or even close in on each other to form a spire. The gleba—an olive-green slimy spore mass—is carried on the outer surface of the arms. The fruit body has an odor comparable to "fresh dog feces", "rotting flesh", or "sewage" when mature.

The fungus is native to Asia, and is also found in Australia, Europe and North America, where it is probably an introduced species. It is edible in its immature "egg" stage and has been used medicinally in China as an ulcer remedy.

Basidiocarp
In fungi, a basidiocarp, basidiome, or basidioma (pl. basidiomata) is the sporocarp of a basidiomycete, the multicellular structure on which the spore-producing hymenium is borne. Basidiocarps are characteristic of the hymenomycetes; rusts and smuts do not produce such structures. As with other sporocarps, epigeous (above-ground) basidiocarps that are visible to the naked eye (especially those with a more or less agaricoid morphology) are commonly referred to as mushrooms, while hypogeous (underground) basidiocarps are usually called false truffles.