hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Forests in Turkey
Forests cover almost a third of Turkey. They are almost all state-owned, and vary from temperate rainforest in the north-east to maquis in the south and west. Pine, fir, oak and beech are common.

After the glaciers retreated over ten thousand years ago, woods grew to cover most of the land which is now Turkey; however over thousands of years, many of the trees have been cut down. The country is slowly reforesting, which is beneficial for its wildlife and to absorb carbon to help limit climate change.

As of the mid-2020s, the main product of Turkey's forests is wood, and they are also important for recreation. Almost half the forest is badly degraded, and the woodlands are threatened by drought, wildfire, mining, and pests and diseases.

Wildlife of Turkey
The wildlife of Turkey is abundant and diverse. Turkey is a large country with many geographic and climatic regions and a great diversity of plants and animals, each suited to its own particular habitat. About 1,500 species of vertebrates and 19,000 species of invertebrates have been recorded in the country. Some of the world's staple crops were first cultivated in this area and many of their wild relatives are still found here. The country acts as a crossroads for many birds during migration, connecting Europe, Asia, and the Near East.
East Coast–West Coast hip-hop rivalry
The East Coast–West Coast hip-hop rivalry is a dispute between artists and fans of the East Coast hip-hop and West Coast hip-hop scenes in the United States, especially from the mid-1990s. A focal point of the rivalry was the feud between East Coast–based rapper the Notorious B.I.G. signed by Puff Daddy and their New York City–based label, Bad Boy Records, and West Coast–based rapper Tupac Shakur signed by Suge Knight and their Los Angeles–based label, Death Row Records. Shakur and the Notorious B.I.G. were murdered in drive-by shootings within six months of each other, after which the feud entered a truce with a "peace" summit in 1997 at the behest of Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan.

Mobb Deep
Mobb Deep were an American hip-hop duo formed in Queens, New York, in 1990. Consisting of rappers/songwriters/record producers Prodigy and Havoc, they are considered to be among the most influential artists in East Coast hip-hop. Mobb Deep are one of the most successful rap duos of all time, having sold over three million records. Their best-known albums are The Infamous (1995), Hell on Earth (1996) and Murda Muzik (1999), and their most successful singles were "Shook Ones, (Part II)" and "Survival of the Fittest". They were known for their dark and hardcore delivery.

The duo briefly disbanded in 2012, but reunited the next year.
Prodigy died in June 2017.
Bayt Mahsir
Bayt Mahsir (Arabic: بيت محسير) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Jerusalem Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on May 10, 1948, by the Harel Brigade of Operation Makkabi. It was located 9 km west of Jerusalem.

Department of Antiquities (Mandatory Palestine)
The Department of Antiquities was a department of the British administration of Mandatory Palestine from 1920 to 1948 that was in charge of the protection and investigation of archaeological remains and artefacts in Palestine.
Jan Allen
Jan Allen (born 1952) is a Canadian curator, writer, visual artist, and assistant professor in the Department of Art History and Art Conservation, and the Cultural Studies Program, at Queen's University, in Kingston, Ontario.

St. Lawrence College, Ontario
St. Lawrence College (SLC) is a College of Applied Arts and Technology with three campuses in Eastern Ontario, namely Brockville (1970), Cornwall (1968) and Kingston (founded September 1969).  It is affiliated with private Alpha College of Business & Technology in Toronto and Canadian College in Vancouver. As of May, 2024, St. Lawrence College is no longer accepting new admissions to programs offered at their partner colleges. The population of St Lawrence College and its affiliates includes a large contingent of international students. The college processed 5,421 international study permits in 2023.
Beyond CMOS
Beyond CMOS refers to the possible future digital logic technologies beyond the scaling limits of CMOS technology. which limits device density and speeds due to heating effects.

Beyond CMOS is the name of one of the 7 focus groups in ITRS 2.0 (2013) and in its successor, the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems.

CPUs using CMOS were released from 1986 (e.g. 12 MHz Intel 80386). As CMOS transistor dimensions were shrunk the clock speeds also increased. Since about 2004 CMOS CPU clock speeds have leveled off at about 3.5 GHz.

CMOS devices sizes continue to shrink – see Intel's process–architecture–optimization model (and older tick–tock model) and ITRS:

22 nanometer Ivy Bridge in 2012

first 14 nanometer processors shipped in Q4 2014.

In May 2015, Samsung Electronics showed a 300 mm wafer of 10 nanometer FinFET chips.

It is not yet clear if CMOS transistors will still work below 3 nm.

Tick–tock model
Tick–tock was a production model adopted in 2007 by chip manufacturer Intel. Under this model, every new process technology was first used to manufacture a die shrink of a proven microarchitecture (tick), followed by a new microarchitecture on the now-proven process (tock). It was replaced by the process–architecture–optimization model, which was announced in 2016 and is like a tick–tock cycle followed by an optimization phase. More generally, tick–tock is an engineering model which refreshes one half of a binary system each release cycle.
American School Health Association
The American School Health Association (ASHA) is a professional association. It claims a membership of 1,000 members in all 50 US states and other nations. More than half practice in K-12 schools or administer health education or health services programs in school districts or state departments of education.

Founded in 1927 as the American Association of School Physicians by 325 physicians attending the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association in Cincinnati, Ohio, its mission was to protect and promote the health of children and youth by supporting coordinated school health programs as a foundation for school success. In 1936, the organization opened its membership to all professionals interested in promoting school health and adopted its current name.

ASHA publishes the Journal of School Health - a peer-reviewed, indexed professional journal.The current president is Dave Kobel.

K–12
K–12 (from kindergarten to twelfth grade) is an English language expression that indicates the range of years of publicly supported primary and secondary education found in the United States and Canada, which is similar to publicly supported school grades before tertiary education in several other countries, such as  Armenia, Australia, China, Ecuador, Egypt, India, Iran, the Philippines, South Korea, and Turkey. K–12 refers to the American system which affords authority to local intersectional "districts" which may be specific to a municipality, county, or several regions, depending on population and proximity.
International Scoop and Journalism Festival
International Scoop and Journalism Festival was a French festival held every year in Angers, in the Maine-et-Loire département. Its last edition in Angers took place in November 2010. The following year, the festival moved to Lille, and after this edition, the organizers announced that they would not be holding the event again.

Maine-et-Loire
Maine-et-Loire (French pronunciation: [mɛn e lwaʁ] ⓘ) is a department in the Loire Valley in the Pays de la Loire region in Western France. It is named after the two rivers, Maine and the Loire. It borders Mayenne and Sarthe to the north, Loire-Atlantique to the west, Indre-et-Loire to the east, Vienne and Deux-Sèvres to the south, Vendée to the south-west, and Ille-et-Vilaine to the north-west. Its prefecture is Angers; its subprefectures are Cholet, Saumur and Segré-en-Anjou Bleu. Maine-et-Loire had a population of 818,273 in 2019.
Pachperwa railway station
Pachperwa railway station is located in Pachperwa town of Balrampur district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It serves Pachperwa town. Its code is PPW. It has two platforms. Passenger, DEMU, and Express trains halt here.

Balrampur district, Uttar Pradesh
Balrampur district is one of the districts of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and is a part of Devipatan division as well as the historic Awadh regions. It has been cut from the adjacent district Gonda in 1997. Located on the banks of the West Rapti River. Balrampur is known for the temple of Pateshwari Devi, a Shakti Pitha, and for the ruins of the nearby ancient city of Sravasti, now a pilgrimage site for Buddhists and Jains. The nearest airport is Shravasti airport 23.3 kilometres (14.5 mi) from the town but it is not an international and regular airport; the nearest international and regular airport is Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport in Lucknow, 235 kilometres (146 mi) away. Lucknow is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh and is 220 kilometres (140 mi) from Balrampur district headquarters.
Alick River
The Alick River (in French: rivière Alick) crosses the municipalities of Saint-Paul-de-Montminy and Notre-Dame-du-Rosaire, in the Montmagny Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Chaudière-Appalaches, in Québec, in Canada.

The Alick River is a tributary of the south bank of the Rivière du Sud (Montmagny) which flows first southwest, then northeast to the south bank of St. Lawrence River.

Chaudière-Appalaches
Chaudière-Appalaches (French: [ʃodjɛʁ apalaʃ], Quebec French: [ʃoˈd͡zjaɛ̯ʁ apaˈlaʃ]) is an administrative region in Quebec, Canada. It comprises most of what is historically known as the "Beauce" (French: La Beauce; compare with the electoral district of Beauce). It is named for the Chaudière River and the Appalachian Mountains. Chaudière-Appalaches has over 50% of sugar maples in Quebec, thus producing the most maple syrup in Canada as well as the World.

Chaudière-Appalaches has a population of 433,312 residents (as of the Canada 2021 Census) and a land area of 15,071.51 square kilometres (5,819.14 sq mi). The main cities are Lévis, Saint-Georges, Thetford Mines, Sainte-Marie and Montmagny.
Abistamenes
Abistamenes (fl. 4th century BC) was a governor, or satrap, of Cappadocia, or at least of its southern portions, with Ariarathes I of Cappadocia possibly governing the north. He is called Sabictas by Arrian, and was almost certainly a native Cappadocian.

Abistamenes was the successor to Mithrobuzanes, the last Achaemenid satrap of Cappadocia. Mithrobouzanes was killed at the Battle of the Granicus in 334 BC, and Abistamenes was thereafter appointed satrap by Alexander the Great, although his hold over Cappadocia appears to have been weak, as Cappadocian soldiers were found fighting for King Darius III of Persia during the Battle of Gaugamela in 331 BC. Abistamenes may no longer even have been in power at that point, however, as he seems to disappear from the historical record in the wake of the Battle of Issus in 333 BC.

Abistamenes' rule had certainly ended by the time of Alexander's death in 323 BC, when all of Cappadocia was given by Alexander's heirs to Eumenes to govern.

Arrian
Arrian of Nicomedia (/ˈæriən/; Greek: Ἀρριανός Arrianos; Latin: Lucius Flavius Arrianus; c. 86/89 – c. after 146/160 AD) was a Greek historian, public servant, military commander, and philosopher of the Roman period.

The Anabasis of Alexander by Arrian is considered the best source on the campaigns of Alexander the Great. Scholars have generally preferred Arrian to other extant primary sources, though this attitude has changed somewhat in light of modern studies into Arrian's method.
Anjy Al-Yousif
Anjy Al-Yousif (Arabic: أنجي اليوسف) is a Syrian actress. She was born in Damascus, got a degree in Performing Arts in 1981, has participated since 1990 in voice acting her several works are Captain Majid and Care Bears and Blue Blink and that was in 1990, the role of the aunt of Cinderella and Hani in the Big Race and the role of the snake in the series Argai and the role of the Amani in the series Slam Dunk.

Dash! Yonkuro
Dash! Yonkuro (ダッシュ!四駆郎, Dasshu! Yonkurō) is a Japanese manga series created by Zaurus Tokuda, originally serialized in Shogakukan's CoroCoro Comic magazine from December 1987 to March 1992. The story focuses on Yonkuro Hinomaru, a delinquent Mini 4WD enthusiast and member of a Mini 4WD racing team who tackles the world of miniature car racing. It is created as a tie-in to Tamiya's Mini 4WD franchise, and it is the first series to center on the franchise. An anime series based on the original manga was produced by Staff 21, Aubekku & Tokyu Agency and aired on TV Tokyo from October 3, 1989, to March 27, 1990. A sequel manga series, titled Hyper Dash! Yonkuro was created and illustrated by Hiroyuki Takei and began serialization on CoroCoro Aniki on March 14, 2015.
W. G. E. Luddington
William George Ernest Luddington (8 February 1894 – 10 January 1941(1941-01-10) (aged 46)) was an England international rugby union footballer who gained 13 caps between 1922 and 1926.  He was a goal-kicking fly-half or centre, playing for Devonport Services and the Royal Navy.

He served as a Master-at-arms in the Royal Navy during the Second World War and was killed, aged 46, during the attack by Axis aircraft on HMS Illustrious on 10 January 1941. Having no known grave, he is listed on the Plymouth Naval Memorial.
His father was Thomas Levi Luddington who served with the Army Hospital Corps and took part in the defence of Rorkes Drift 1879

Master-at-arms
A master-at-arms (US: MA; UK and some Commonwealth: MAA) may be a naval rating, responsible for law enforcement, regulating duties, security, anti-terrorism/force protection (AT/FP) for a country's navy; an army officer responsible for physical training; or a member of the crew of a merchant ship (usually a passenger vessel) responsible for security and law enforcement. In some navies, a ship's corporal is a position—not the rank—of a petty officer who assists the master-at-arms in his various duties. Historically, a master-at-arms was responsible for the training of soldiers during peace time, or actively involved in leading the defense of a fortification during war time.

In some countries, the term navy police is used for a part of a navy responsible for law enforcement, such as the Royal Navy Police, known as the Royal Navy Regulating Branch until 2007.
Dan Keun Sung
Dan Keun Sung (Korean: 성단근; born 19 July 1952) is a South Korean professor of electronic engineering at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) in Daejeon.

Sung was born in South Gyeongsang Province. He received his B.Sc. in electronic engineering from Seoul National University in 1975 before going on to the University of Texas at Austin, where he received his M.Sc. (1982) and Ph.D. (1986) in electrical and computer engineering. He was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2015 for contributions to network resource management. He is also a member of the Korean Academy of Science and Technology.

South Gyeongsang Province
South Gyeongsang Province (Korean: 경상남도, romanized: Gyeongsangnam-do, Korean pronunciation: [kjʌŋ.saŋ.nam.do]) is a province in the southeast of South Korea. The provincial capital is at Changwon. It is adjacent to the major metropolitan center and port of Busan. The UNESCO World Heritage Site Haeinsa, a Buddhist temple that houses the Tripitaka Koreana and tourist attraction, is located in this province. Automobile and petrochemical factories are largely concentrated along the southern part of the province, extending from Ulsan through Busan, Changwon, and Jinju.
Hey! Luciani
"Hey! Luciani" is a song by British post-punk band the Fall, written by Mark E. Smith with his then-wife Brix Smith and longstanding band member Steve Hanley.  Released in December 1986, the record reached number 59 on the UK singles chart, the band's first original song to make the top 75 of the chart. The song was written as part of Smith's play Hey! Luciani: The Life and Codex of John Paul I, concerning conspiracy theories about the 1978 death of the Pope (born Albino Luciani), which was performed for two weeks in London and starred Leigh Bowery.

Brix Smith
Brix Smith (born Laura Elisse Salenger; November 12, 1962) is an American singer and guitarist, best known as the lead guitarist and a major songwriter for the English post-punk band the Fall during two stints in the band (1983–1989, and 1994–1996).

Acknowledging her importance to the band, and noting she co-wrote several songs for the band's most widely acclaimed album This Nation's Saving Grace (1985), some critics break the Fall's career and evolution into the pre-Brix years, the Brix years, and the post-Brix years.

She is currently the lead vocalist and guitarist with Brix & the Extricated, along with brothers Steve and Paul Hanley, both of whom were long time musicians in the Fall. She published her memoir The Rise, The Fall, And The Rise with Faber & Faber in May 2016, noting that "writing the book freed my creativity to play again."
Hilbert class field
In algebraic number theory, the Hilbert class field  of a number field  is the maximal abelian unramified extension of .   Its degree over  equals the class number of  and the Galois group of  over  is canonically isomorphic to the ideal class group of  using Frobenius elements for prime ideals in .

In this context, the Hilbert class field of  is not just unramified at the finite places (the classical ideal theoretic interpretation) but also at the infinite places of . That is, every real embedding of  extends to a real embedding of  (rather than to a complex embedding of ).

Tensor product of fields
In mathematics, the tensor product of two fields  is their tensor product as algebras over a common subfield. If no subfield is explicitly specified, the two fields must have the same characteristic and the common subfield is their prime subfield.

The tensor product of two fields is sometimes a field, and often a direct product of fields; in some cases, it can contain non-zero nilpotent elements.

The tensor product of two fields expresses in a single structure the different way to embed the two fields in a common extension field.
2018 UNAF U-15 Tournament
The 2018 UNAF U-15 Tournament is the second edition of the UNAF U-15 Tournament. The tournament took place in Algeria from 11 to 15 April 2018. The start of the tournament was scheduled for 11 April but was postponed to 12 April.

UNAF U-15 Tournament
The UNAF U-15 Tournament is an international youth football tournament organized by the Union of North African Football (UNAF) for its nations consisting of players under the age of 15. However, the tournament invites teams from other nations.

Morocco are the most successful nation winning the tournament two times.
Avetria Networks
Avetria Networks Inc. is a wholly owned private Canadian corporation. As a regional telecommunications company in the province of Ontario, Avetria provides telecommunications products and services including wireless and fiber internet access, voice, and IPTV television. The company is based in Southwestern Ontario, Maryhill, Ontario;  it was originally based in Bloomingdale, Ontario.  The company was first formed as a fixed wireless internet provider to provide internet to the communities of Woolwich, Maryhill, Ariss, West Montrose, Winterbourne, Conestogo and North Waterloo. Avetria Networks competes in the fiber to the home sector with Rogers Communications and Bell Canada.

Southwestern Ontario
Southwestern Ontario (census population 2,796,367 in 2021) is a secondary region of Southern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It occupies most of the Ontario Peninsula, bounded by Lake Huron (including Georgian Bay) to the north and northwest, the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, and Detroit River to the west, and Lake Erie to the south. To the east, on land, Southwestern Ontario is bounded by Central Ontario and the Golden Horseshoe. It borders the United States via Michigan.
Hohenems railway station
Hohenems railway station (German: Bahnhof Hohenems) is a railway station in Hohenems in the Dornbirn district of the Austrian federal state of Vorarlberg. It was opened on 1 July 1872, together with the rest of the Vorarlberg railway. The station is owned and operated by the Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB).

Dornbirn District
The Bezirk Dornbirn is an administrative district (Bezirk) in Vorarlberg, Austria. A rather young district, it was separated from the Feldkirch district in 1969.

The area of the district is 172.7 km2, the population 82,721 (January 1, 2012), which makes a population density of 479 persons per km2. The administrative center of the district is Dornbirn.
Armando Ayala Robles
Armando Ayala Robles (born August 2, 1976) is a Mexican politician, and former radio personality currently serving as senator for Baja California. He formerly served as municipal president of Ensenada. Robles is currently a member of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena) party.

Senate of the Republic (Mexico)
The Senate of the Republic (Spanish: Senado de la República), constitutionally the Chamber of Senators of the Honorable Congress of the Union (Spanish: Cámara de Senadores del H. Congreso de la Unión), is the upper house of Mexico's bicameral Congress. It currently consists of 128 members, who serve six-year terms.
Jim Singleton
James Milton Singleton (born 1931 in Hazlehurst, Mississippi), a prime mover in the New Orleans political organization BOLD (Black Organization for Leadership Development) and previously served on the nine-member Louisiana Gaming Control Board, having been nominated for the position by Xavier University of Louisiana president Norman Francis and appointed by Governor Bobby Jindal.

Gaming control board
A gaming control board (GCB), also called by various names including gambling control board, casino control board, gambling board, and gaming commission, is a government agency charged with regulating casino and other types of gaming in a defined geographical area, usually a state, and of enforcing gaming law in general.
Dick Turpin (1974 film)
Dick Turpin is a 1974 Spanish historical adventure film directed by Fernando Merino and starring Cihangir Ghaffari, Inés Morales and Sancho Gracia. It is based on the life of the legendary English highwayman Dick Turpin.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Adolfo Cofiño.

Highwayman
A highwayman was a robber who stole from travellers. This type of thief usually travelled and robbed by horse as compared to a footpad who travelled and robbed on foot; mounted highwaymen were widely considered to be socially superior to footpads. Such criminals operated until the mid- or late 19th century. Highwaywomen, such as Katherine Ferrers, were said to also exist, often dressing as men, especially in fiction.

The first attestation of the word highwayman is from 1617. Euphemisms such as "knights of the road" and "gentlemen of the road" were sometimes used by people interested in romanticizing them with a Robin Hood–esque slant. In the 19th-century American West, highwaymen were sometimes known as road agents. In Australia, they were known as bushrangers.