hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Collateral fact doctrine
The collateral fact doctrine is a doctrine in English law asserted by Diplock LJ in Anisminic Ltd v Foreign Compensation Commission. It asserts that in judicial review cases a distinction can be made between misconstruction of an enabling statute for the kind of case meant to be dealt which is a jurisdictional error and a misconstruction of the statutory description of the  situation which would be an error within jurisdiction. Craig has argued that this distinction is impossible to draw.

Kenneth Diplock, Baron Diplock
William John Kenneth Diplock, Baron Diplock, PC (8 December 1907 – 14 October 1985) was an English barrister and judge who served as a lord of appeal in ordinary between 1968 and until his death in 1985. Appointed to the High Court of Justice in 1956 and the Court of Appeal five years later, Diplock made important contributions to the development of constitutional and public law as well as many other legal fields. A frequent choice for governmental inquiries, he is also remembered for proposing the creation of the eponymous juryless Diplock courts. Of him, Lord Rawlinson of Ewell wrote that "to his generation Diplock was the quintessential man of the law".
San Cristóbal Acasaguastlán
San Cristóbal Acasaguastlán (Spanish pronunciation: [saŋ kɾisˈtoβal akasaɣwaskaˈtlan]) is a town in the El Progreso department of Guatemala. San Cristóbal Acasaguastlán is located on the northern bank of the Motagua River at an altitude of 250 m. It had a population of 6,129 people at the 2002 census, and covers a territory of 124 square kilometres (48 sq mi). San Cristóbal Acasaguastlán borders on San Agustín Acasaguastlán to the northwest, Usumatlán to the east, and El Jicaro to the south. It is located on the inter-ocean highway (CA-9), 101 km from Guatemala City.

Motagua River
The Motagua River (Spanish pronunciation: [moˈtaɣwa]) is a 486-kilometre-long (302 mi) river in Guatemala. It rises in the Western Highlands of Guatemala and runs in an easterly direction to the Gulf of Honduras. The Motagua River basin covers an area of 12,670 square kilometres (4,890 sq mi) and is the largest in Guatemala.

The Motagua River valley contains sources of jadeitite, which has been used by many Indigenous communities that have inhabited the region. The Motagua River is also one of the most plastic-emitting rivers in the world, contributing around two percent of global plastic pollution emissions into oceans annually. Conservation efforts have been driven by the government and non-governmental organizations to ensure safe water and clean oceans.
Lisburn Standard
The Lisburn Standard, referred to simply as The Standard, was a weekly newspaper based in Lisburn, Northern Ireland. It was established in 1878, and served the communities of Lisburn, Lambeg, Dunmurry and the surrounding areas of County Antrim. It was issued every Friday evening. It reported on local events and updates, as well as global news, such as WWI and WWII.

The newspaper dissolved in May 1959. The Lisburn Standard was digitized and added to the British Newspaper Archive in June 2020.

Lisburn
Lisburn (/ˈlɪzbɜːrn, ˈlɪsbɜːrn/ LIZ-burn, LISS-burn; Irish: Lios na gCearrbhach [ˌl̠ʲɪsˠ n̪ˠə ˈɟaːɾˠ(ə)wəx] ⓘ) is a city in Northern Ireland. It is 8 mi (13 km) southwest of Belfast city centre, on the River Lagan, which forms the boundary between County Antrim and County Down. First laid out in the 17th century by English and Welsh settlers, with the arrival of French Huguenots in the 18th century, the town developed as a global centre of the linen industry.

In 2002, as part of Queen Elizabeth's Golden Jubilee celebrations, the predominantly unionist borough was granted city status alongside the largely nationalist town of Newry. With a population of 45,370 in the 2011 Census, Lisburn was the third-largest city in Northern Ireland. In the 2016 reform of local government in Northern Ireland Lisburn was joined with the greater part of Castlereagh to form the Lisburn City and Castlereagh District.
Jeon Jun-bum
Jeon Jun-bum (Korean: 전준범; born 29 September 1986) is a South Korean badminton player. Born in Jeonju, Jeon has shown his talent in doubles category when he won the Dutch and German Junior boys' doubles title in 2003. Jeon who was educated at the Jeonju Life Science high school, was part of the Korean national junior team that won the silver medal at the 2004 Asian Junior Championships in the boys' team event, also clinched the silver medal in the boys' doubles event partnered with Yoo Yeon-seong. At the same year, he also competed at the World Junior Championships, clinched the silver medal in the mixed team event and a bronze medal in the boys' doubles event. Jeon affiliated with the Wonkwang University, he won his first senior international title at the 2006 Mongolia Satellite tournament, and claimed the World Grand Prix title at the Vietnam Open.

Wonkwang University
Wonkwang University (Korean: 원광대학교) is a university located in Iksan, South Korea. Founded as Youilhakrim (Korean: 유일학림) in 1946, it is one of the few academies affiliated with Won Buddhism. Yuilhakrim was succeeded by Wonkwang Junior College (Korean: 원광초급대학) on 5 November 1951, and gained college status on 29 January 1953. The Postgraduate School was opened in 1967, and in 1971 it gained university status.

The university is known for its diverse medical courses: western medicine, dentistry, Korean medicine and pharmacy. Beside medical courses, the school is well known for its specialised courses such as police administration, fire service administration, and law school.

Wonkwang University is one of only two schools in South Korea that have courses for antiques restoration.
Tasting Australia
Tasting Australia presented by Journey Beyond is a South Australian food and beverage festival held in the capital city of Adelaide. First held in 1997 and managed by Marina Libia and event management company Consuming Passions, the festival has grown to become one of Australia's premier culinary events and is now managed by the South Australian Tourism Commission. The next edition of the festival will be held from 8-17 May 2026.

Journey Beyond
Journey Beyond is the trading name and brand deployed since 2017 by a succession of companies providing experiential tourism in Australia, including luxury trains (The Ghan, the Indian Pacific, and the Great Southern) and The Overland interstate service. "Journey Beyond" is also included in the names of a number of associated companies. The business, headquartered in Adelaide, South Australia, now has interests in cruise and air tourism in addition to rail.
Amizar Abu Adam
Amizar bin Abu Adam (born 1973) is a Malaysian politician who has served as Member of the Pahang State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Barisan Nasional (BN) state administration under Menteri Besar Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail since February 2024 and Member of the Pahang State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Pelangai since October 2023. He is a member and Division Committee Member of Bentong of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the BN coalition.

Bentong (federal constituency)
Bentong is a federal constituency in Bentong District, Pahang, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 1959.

The federal constituency was created in the 1958 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.
Gustav Ricker
Gustav Wilhelm August Josef Ricker (November 2, 1870 – September 23, 1948) was a German physician and pathologist born in Hadamar, Hesse-Nassau.

He studied philosophy and medicine at several universities, earning his doctorate in 1893 at the University of Berlin. In 1897 he received his habilitation under Albert Thierfelder (1842–1908) at the University of Rostock, and from 1906 until 1933 was head of pathology at the city hospitals (Altstadt and Sudenburg) in Magdeburg. Afterwards, he worked as a private scholar in Berlin and Dresden.

Ricker is remembered for his Stufengesetz (law of stages), relating the intensity of neural stimulation to blood flow in capillaries, and also Relationspathologie (relational pathology), in which he maintains that the root of pathological processes are a neural process and not a cellular process.

Today in Magdeburg, Gustav-Ricker-Straße and Gustav-Ricker-Krankenhaus are named in his honor.

University of Rostock
The University of Rostock (German: Universität Rostock) is a public university located in Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Founded in 1419, it is the third-oldest university in Germany. It is the oldest university in continental northern Europe and the Baltic Sea area, and 8th oldest in Central Europe. It was the 5th university established in the Holy Roman Empire.

The university has been associated with three Nobel laureates: Albrecht Kossel, Karl von Frisch and Otto Stern. It is a member of the European University Association. According to a ranking published by Times Higher Education in 2018, it is the most beautiful university in Germany and the fourth most beautiful university in all of Europe. The language of instruction is usually German, and English for some postgraduate studies.
Genta (company)
Genta Incorporated was a biopharmaceutical company started in La Jolla, California, which discovered and developed innovative drugs for the treatment of patients with cancer. Founded in 1989 by a highly skilled entrepreneur, the company focused on a novel technology known as antisense, which targets gene products that are associated with the onset and progression of serious diseases. At that time, only Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.  (Nasdaq: IONS) (formerly Isis Pharmaceuticals until December 2015) was conducting significant research with this technology. Antisense is a short span of oligonucleotides – modified DNA structures ranging from about 12-24 bases that selectively bind to specific RNA. The intent is to block expression of an aberrant protein that contributes to the disease of interest.  Genta in-licensed three different antisense molecules that blocked Bcl-2, a fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and the gene c-myb, respectively.

Sense (molecular biology)
In molecular biology and genetics, the sense of a nucleic acid molecule, particularly of a strand of DNA or RNA, refers to the nature of the roles of the strand and its complement in specifying a sequence of amino acids. Depending on the context, sense may have slightly different meanings. For example, the negative-sense strand of DNA is equivalent to the template strand, whereas the positive-sense strand is the non-template strand whose nucleotide sequence is equivalent to the sequence of the mRNA transcript.
Listed buildings in Hatherton, Cheshire
Hatherton is a civil parish in Cheshire East, England. It contains nine buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings. Of these, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II. The parish is almost entirely rural. Apart from a disused bridge, the listed buildings are all domestic properties.

Cheshire East
Cheshire East is a unitary authority area with borough status in Cheshire, England. The local authority is Cheshire East Council. Towns within the area include Crewe, Macclesfield, Congleton, Wilmslow, Nantwich, Poynton, Knutsford, Alsager, Bollington, Handforth and Sandbach.
WHUT-TV
WHUT-TV (channel 32) is the secondary PBS member television station in Washington, D.C. The station is owned by Howard University, a historically Black college, and is sister to commercial urban contemporary radio station WHUR-FM (96.3). WHUT-TV's studios are located at the Student Resource Center (Campus Building 54) on the Howard University campus on 4th Street NW, and its transmitter is located in the Tenleytown neighborhood in the northwest quadrant of Washington.

WHUT airs a variety of standard PBS programming, as well as programs produced by Howard University, and international programs focusing on regions such as the Caribbean and Africa.

Northwest (Washington, D.C.)
Northwest (NW or N.W.) is the northwestern quadrant of Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States, and is located north of the National Mall and west of North Capitol Street. It is the largest of the four quadrants of the city (NW, NE, SW and SE), and it includes the central business district, the Federal Triangle, and the museums along the northern side of the National Mall, as well as many of the District's historic neighborhoods.

Politically, Northwest is made up of parts of Wards 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, with Wards 1 and 3 being the only wards located entirely within the quadrant. The Northwest is the wealthiest quadrant of the city, particularly west of 16th Street.
Roland Cardon
Roland Cardon (15 April 1929 – 18 August 2001) was a Belgian composer, pedagogue, flautist, clarinetist and multi-instrumentalist. He often published works under the name Guy Rodenhof.

After studies at the Ghent Conservatory, from 1955 he was a member of the long-lived band Chasseurs Ardennais in which he played solo flute. In the period 1963 to 1972 he was a lecturer in woodwind and orchestral music in the music school of Aarlen. From 1973 to 1982 he taught flute at the Music Academy in Vilvoorde. In addition, he taught at the Rijksmuziekacademie in Etterbeek in flute from 1973 to 1977. From 1974 to 1977 he was lecturer in the conducting of wind or fanfare orchestras at the Royal Conservatory of Brussels. From 1 January 1982 to 1 July 1994 he was director at the Municipal Conservatory of Ostend.

Ostend
Ostend (/ɒstˈɛnd/ ost-END; Dutch: Oostende [oːstˈɛndə] ⓘ West Flemish: Ostende; French: Ostende [ɔstɑ̃d] ⓘ; lit. 'East End') is a coastal city and municipality in the province of West Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It comprises the boroughs of Mariakerke, Raversijde, Stene and Zandvoorde, and the city of Ostend proper – the largest on the Belgian coast.
Meshchera Lowlands
Meshchera Lowlands (Meshchyora Lowlands) (Russian: Мещёрская низменность), also referred to as simply Meshchera/Meshchyora, is a spacious lowland in the middle of the European Russia. It is named after the Finnic Meshchera people, which used to live there (later mixing with neighbouring Baltic and Slavic tribes). It occupies parts of Moscow Oblast, Vladimir Oblast and Ryazan Oblast, as well as eastern districts of Moscow proper; respectively, it is called the Moscow, Vladimir and Ryazan Meshcheras.

Galindians
Galindians were two distinct, and now extinct, tribes of the Balts.  Most commonly, Galindians refers to the Western Galindians who lived in the southeast part of Prussia.  Less commonly, it is used for a tribe that lived in the area of what is today Moscow (Russian: Голядь).
Togo National Museum
Togo National Museum (French: Musée national du Togo) is the national museum of Togo, located in the capital of Lomé. Founded in 1975, it features cultural and historical exhibits. The museum showcases artifacts dating back thousands of years, including musical instruments such as the xalam, baskets decorated with shells and calabashes used to preserve food and water, clay pots, wood carvings, clothes, metalwork, and tobacco pipes.

Xalam
Xalam (in Serer, khalam in Wolof, and Molo in Dagbani and Zarma) is a traditional lute from West Africa with 1 to 5 strings. The xalam is commonly played in Mali, Gambia, Senegal, Niger, Northern Nigeria, Northern Ghana, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, and Western Sahara. The xalam and its variants are known by various names in other languages, including bappe, diassare, hoddu (Pulaar), koliko (Gurunsi), kologo (Frafra), komsa, kontigi, gurmi, garaya (Hausa), koni, konting (Mandinka), molo (Songhay/Zarma), ndere, ngoni (Bambara), and tidinit (Hassaniyya and Berber).

In Wolof, a person who plays the xalam is called a xalamkat (a word composed of the verbal form of xalam, meaning "to play the xalam", and the agentive suffix -kat, thus meaning "one who xalams").
In Mande, this is ngonifola or konting fola.
In Hausa, this is mai gurmi or mai kontigi.
The Silver Flame
The Silver Flame is a 1928 novel by the British writer James Hilton. The original British publisher was Butterworth. In 1949 it was published in the United States in by Avon under the alternative title Three Loves Had Margaret. It has been described as the last of his "apprentice novels" before he emerged as a major international author. The story takes place on a Cotswold estate between 1896 and 1926.

Avon (publisher)
Avon Publications is a publisher of romance fiction. At Avon's initial stages, it was an American paperback book and comic book publisher. The shift in content occurred in the early 1970s with multiple Avon romance titles reaching and maintaining spots in bestseller lists, demonstrating the market and potential profits in romance publication. As of 2010, Avon is an imprint of HarperCollins.
Jody Tini
Jody Hinemoa Cameron (born 10 February 1976 in Whangarei, New Zealand) is a basketball player for New Zealand. At the 2006 Commonwealth Games she won a silver medal as part of the Tall Ferns New Zealand women's basketball team.

She comes from a basketball family as she is the sister of Tall Black captain Pero Cameron, and the daughter of Mata Cameron, a national age group coach.

New Zealand women's national basketball team
The New Zealand women's national basketball team represents New Zealand in international basketball competitions. They are nicknamed the Tall Ferns. The head coach of the team is Natalie Hurst.

The New Zealand women's national team has taken part in three Olympic Games, and one FIBA Women's World Cup. Since participating at the FIBA Women's Asia Cup in 2017, their top performance is a fourth place finish in 2023. In the past, the Tall Ferns have also competed at the FIBA Oceania Women's Championship.
Victory Lap (Nipsey Hussle song)
"Victory Lap" is a song by American rapper Nipsey Hussle and the title track of his debut studio album, released on February 16, 2018. The song features American singer Stacy Barthe and was produced by Mike & Keys, Sap and Amaire Johnson.

Mike & Keys
Mike & Keys (formerly known as The Futuristiks) are an American hip hop production and songwriting duo from Los Angeles, California that consists of Money Mike (born Michael Ray Cox, Jr.) and J-Keys (born John Groover).
Wind (2019 film)
Wind is a 2019 American animated short film directed and written by Edwin Chang, produced by Pixar Animation Studios, and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. The fifth film in Pixar's SparkShorts program, it focuses on a grandmother and grandson longing to escape an endless chasm. The short was released on Disney+ on December 13, 2019.

Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures
Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures is an American film distributor within the Disney Entertainment division of the Walt Disney Company. It handles theatrical and occasional digital distribution, marketing, and promotion for films produced and released by the Walt Disney Studios, including Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios, Pixar, Marvel Studios, Lucasfilm, 20th Century Studios and Searchlight Pictures, though the latter unit operates its own autonomous theatrical distribution and marketing unit in the United States.

The company was originally established by Walt Disney in 1953 as Buena Vista Film Distribution Company Inc. (later renamed Buena Vista Distribution Inc. and Buena Vista Pictures Distribution Inc.). It took on its current name in late 2007.
Clare Clifford
Clare Clifford is a British actress, comedian and drama lecturer who appeared in the television dramas Angels and This Life.

She attended Selwyn Independent School for Girls in Matson, Gloucester, then studied at the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama and appeared on stage at the Oxford Playhouse and the National Theatre. Other television credits include Doctor Who, Bergerac, Cardiac Arrest, Peak Practice, The Bill, Cider with Rosie, Torchwood, and Casualty. In 2021, she appeared in an episode of the BBC soap opera Doctors as Patricia Stanton.

Clifford has made the transition from actress to feminist stand-up comedian and performed her routine at the Bad Wolf Doctor Who convention in Birmingham, July 2007. In 2010 she gained an MA in screenwriting from the London College of Communication which is part of the University of the Arts London.

Royal Central School of Speech and Drama
The Royal Central School of Speech and Drama, commonly shortened to Central, is a drama school founded by Elsie Fogerty in 1906, as the Central School of Speech Training and Dramatic Art, to offer a new form of training in speech and drama for young actors and other students. It became a constituent college of the University of London in 2005 and is a member of Conservatoires UK and the Federation of Drama Schools.
Nininho (footballer, born 1923)
Antônio Francisco, usually known by the nickname Nininho (November 6, 1923 – October 8, 1997), was an association footballer who played as striker. He was born in Campinas, São Paulo state.

He played football for the São Paulo state club Portuguesa, among other clubs.

Associação Portuguesa de Desportos
Associação Portuguesa de Desportos, commonly referred to as Portuguesa or Lusa, is a Brazilian professional football club based in the district of Pari, São Paulo, that competes in the Campeonato Paulista, the top tier of the São Paulo state football league, and the Campeonato Brasileiro Série D. It is part of a sports club, founded on 14 August 1920, by the Portuguese population of the city.
2011 FIBA Africa Clubs Champions Cup
The 2011 FIBA Africa Basketball Club Championship (26th edition), was a basketball tournament  held in Morocco from December 12 to 21, 2011. The tournament, organized by FIBA Africa and hosted by AS Salé, took place at the Salle El Bouâzzaoui, in the city of Salé.

Tunisian side Étoile Sportive du Sahel won the tournament.

AS Salé (basketball)
Association Sportive Salé (Arabic: جمعية سلا), commonly known as AS Salé, is a Moroccan basketball club from Salé. The club competes in the Division Excellence. Notable players of the team include senior men's Moroccan national basketball team members Abderrahim Najah, Zakaria El Masbahi and Soufiane Kourdou.

Salé has won the Moroccan championship 9 times and the Moroccan Throne Cup a record 12 times. The team won one continental title, the FIBA Africa Champions Cup, in 2017. Salé also participated in the first two seasons of the Basketball Africa League (BAL) in 2021 and 2022.
Cherkomasyev
Cherkomasyev (Russian: Чекомасьев) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Basakinskoye Rural Settlement, Chernyshkovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 68 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

Chernyshkovsky District
Chernyshkovsky District (Russian: Черны́шковский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-three in Volgograd Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Chernyshkovsky Municipal District. It is located in the southwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 3,079.96 square kilometers (1,189.18 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Chernyshkovsky. Population: 16,873 (2010 Census); 18,326 (2002 Census); 19,317 (1989 Soviet census). The population of the administrative center accounts for 32.0% of the district's total population.