hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Journal of the Academic Association of Koreanology in Japan
The Journal of the Academic Association of Koreanology in Japan (Jp. Chōsen gakuhō 朝鮮学報) is a Japanese/Korean/English-language scholarly journal published by the Tenri University, a private university in Tenri, Nara Prefecture, Japan. The journal features articles and book reviews of current scholarship in East Asian Studies, focusing on Korean and Japanese history, literature and religion, with occasional coverage of politics and linguistics.

Asian studies
Asian studies is the term used usually in North America and Australia for what in Europe is known as Oriental studies. The field is concerned with the Asian people, their cultures, languages, history and politics. Within the Asian sphere, Asian studies combines aspects of sociology, history, cultural anthropology, cultural studies, and many other disciplines to study political, cultural and economic phenomena in Asian traditional and contemporary societies. Asian studies form a field of post-graduate study in many universities.

It is a branch of area studies, and many Western universities combine Asian and African studies in a single faculty or institute, like SOAS in London. It is often combined with Islamic studies in a similar way. The history of the discipline in the West is covered under Oriental studies.

The International Institute for Asian Studies (IIAS) only considers Asia to the east of the Indus River in its scope of "Asian Studies".
Hans Witsenhausen
Hans Sylvain Witsenhausen (6 May 1930 – 19 November 2016) is notable for his work in the fields of control theory and information theory, and their intersection. He has many foundational results including the intrinsic model in stochastic decentralized control, the Witsenhausen counterexample. his work on Turán graph, and the various notions of common information in information theory.

Turán graph
The Turán graph, denoted by , is a complete multipartite graph; it is formed by partitioning a set of  vertices into  subsets, with sizes as equal as possible, and then connecting two vertices by an edge if and only if they belong to different subsets. Where  and  are the quotient and remainder of dividing  by  (so ), the graph is of the form , and the number of edges is

.

For , this edge count can be more succinctly stated as . The graph has  subsets of size , and  subsets of size ; each vertex has degree  or . It is a regular graph if  is divisible by  (i.e. when ).
Jar station
Jar is a station served both by the Oslo Metro and the Oslo Tramway located in Bærum, just west of Lysakerelva which divides Oslo and Bærum. The track is shared, the tram line (Lilleaker Line) joins with the rapid transit line (Kolsås Line) on the Oslo side of the river. The station had a yellow penthouse and contained a newspaper outlet. However, after the reconstruction, the penthouse was reinstated but has a different colour.

Formerly, the entire line to Kolsås was part of the tram network. Jar was originally a terminus for the defunct line 10, and had a balloon loop. However, this has been removed and since the 2nd of December 2007, tram operations (line 13) have returned on this line from Jar to Bekkestua.

As of December 2016, the Tram line 13 is running trams (every 20 minutes, 15 at  weekends.) to Bekkestua. The Oslo Metro line 3 also runs with an interval of every 15 minutes.

Lysakerelven
Lysakerelven (also known as Lysakerelva, English: Lysaker River) is a river in Norway that forms the boundary between the municipalities of the capital city of Oslo and Bærum.

The river by this name has its source in Bogstadvannet, though the source is further up, at Langlivann, and Søndre and Nordre Heggelivann in Oslomarka, the forests surrounding Oslo. Consequently, it is considered part of Oslomarkvassdragene, the river system flowing through these forests, and more specifically Sørkedalsvassdraget, the valley above Bogstadvannet. It flows out into Lysakerfjorden, part of Oslofjorden near Lysaker.
Rollo in Emblemland
Rollo in Emblemland  or Emblemland is a novel by John Kendrick Bangs, written in 1902 and published by R. H. Russell of New York. It is a tale inspired by the style of Lewis Carroll's 1865 book, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.

In it, a young boy named Rollo falls asleep and finds himself not in Wonderland, but in "Emblemland", a place described by Cupid as "the home of all Emblems.... Emblems are signs and symbols. I'm an Emblem, because I am the symbol of love; Uncle Sam is the symbol of the United States, and John Bull is the symbol of England, and the Owl is the symbol of wisdom...."

The book features line drawings by Bang's co-author Charles Raymond Macauley

In 1907, Bangs wrote a parody of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland called Alice in Blunderland: An Iridescent Dream

John Bull
John Bull is a national personification of England and Britain, especially in political cartoons and similar graphic works. He is usually depicted as a stout, middle-aged, country-dwelling, jolly and matter-of-fact man. He originated in satirical works of the early-18th century and would come to stand for English liberty in opposition to revolutionaries. He was popular through the 18th and 19th centuries until the time of the First World War, when he generally stopped being seen as representative of the "common man".
Batangafo Airport
Batangafo Airport (IATA: BTG, ICAO: FEGF) is an airport serving Batangafo, a city on the Ouham River in the Ouham prefecture of the Central African Republic. The airport is on the northeastern edge of the city, just off the RN4 road.

Ouham River
The Ouham River is a river in Central Africa, and one of the main headwaters of the Chari River. The Ouham originates in the Central African Republic between the Nana-Mambéré and Ouham-Pendé prefectures, crossing into Chad where it joins the Chari about 25 km north of Sarh. Tributaries are the Baba, Fafa, Nana Bakassa, and the Nana Barya.
Mass-book
A mass-book is a book, used most commonly by the laity, as an aid while attending Catholic Mass (the principal Catholic church service). The massbook comprises scriptural readings, prayers, and psalms for the day's mass, sometimes also including homiletic or exegetical material.

Exegesis
Exegesis (/ˌɛksɪˈdʒiːsɪs/ ⓘ EK-sih-JEE-sis; from the Greek ἐξήγησις, from ἐξηγεῖσθαι, "to lead out") is a critical explanation or interpretation of a text. The term is traditionally applied to the interpretation of Biblical works. In modern usage, exegesis can involve critical interpretations of virtually any text, including not just religious texts but also philosophy, literature, or virtually any other genre of writing. The phrase Biblical exegesis can be used to distinguish studies of the Bible from other critical textual explanations.

Textual criticism investigates the history and origins of the text, but exegesis may include the study of the historical and cultural backgrounds of the author, text, and original audience. Other analyses include classification of the type of literary genres presented in the text and analysis of grammatical and syntactical features in the text itself.
Ondangwa Urban
Ondangwa Urban is an electoral constituency in the Oshana Region of Namibia. It had 23,233 inhabitants in 2016 and 17,967 registered voters in 2020. The constituency office is situated in Ondangwa.

Ondangwa Urban was created by splitting the former constituency of Ondangwa into a rural and an urban part in August 2013, following a recommendation of the Fourth Delimitation Commission of Namibia, and in preparation of the 2014 general election.

Oshana Region
Oshana is one of the fourteen regions of Namibia; its capital is Oshakati. The towns of Oshakati, Ongwediva , and Ondangwa, all situated with this region, form an urban cluster with the second largest population concentration in Namibia after the capital Windhoek. As of 2020, Oshana had 113,112 registered voters.
Itonama language
Itonama (Itonama: sihnipadara) is a language isolate once spoken by the Itonama people in the Amazonian lowlands of north-eastern Bolivia. It was spoken on the Itonomas River and Lake in Beni Department.

In Magdalena town on the western bank of the Itonama River (a tributary of the Iténez River), located in Iténez Province, only a few elderly people remember a few words and phrases.: 483

Beni Department
Beni (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈbeni]), sometimes El Beni, is a northeastern department of Bolivia, in the lowlands region of the country. It is the second-largest department in the country (after Santa Cruz), covering 213,564 square kilometers (82,458 sq mi), and it was created by supreme decree on November 18, 1842, during the administration of General José Ballivián. Its capital is Trinidad.
Cariole
A cariole (also spelled carriole) was a type of carriage used in the 18th and the 19th century. It was a light, small, two- or four-wheeled vehicle, open or covered, drawn by a single horse. The term is also used for a light covered cart or a dog-drawn toboggan. The name is French, derived from the Latin carrus, vehicle.

Toboggan
A toboggan is a simple sled used in snowy winter recreation. It is also a traditional form of cargo transport used by the Innu, Cree and Ojibwe of North America, sometimes part of a dog train.

It is used on snow to carry one or more people (often children) down a hill or other slope for recreation, or as a rescue sled. Designs vary from simple, traditional models to modern engineered composites. A toboggan differs from most sleds or sleighs in that it has no runners or skis (or only low ones) on the underside. The bottom of a toboggan rides directly on the snow. Some parks include designated toboggan hills where ordinary sleds are not allowed and which may include toboggan runs similar to bobsleigh courses.

Toboggans can vary depending on the climate and geographical region. Such examples are Tangalooma (Australia) where toboggans are made from Masonite boards and used for travelling down steep sand dunes at speeds up to 40 km/h (25 mph).
Cisternino railway station
Cisternino (Italian: Stazione di Cisternino) is a railway station 16 km from the Italian town of Cisternino, in the Province of Brindisi, Apulia. The station lies on the Adriatic Railway (Ancona–Lecce) and was opened in 1865. The train services are operated by Trenitalia.

Province of Brindisi
The province of Brindisi (Italian: provincia di Brindisi) is a province in the Apulia region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Brindisi. It has an area of 1,839 square kilometres (710 sq mi) and a total population of 401,652 (2013).
Badami Chalukya architecture
Badami Chalukya architecture is a style in Hindu temple architecture that evolved in the 5th – 8th centuries CE in the Malaprabha river basin, in the present-day Bagalkot district of Karnataka state of India, under the Chalukya dynasty; later it spread more widely. This style is sometimes called the Vesara style and Chalukya style, a term that also includes the much later Western Chalukya architecture of the 11th and 12th centuries.  Early Chalukya architecture, used by George Michell and others, equates to Badami Chalukya.

The earliest Badami Chalukya temples date back to around 450 in Aihole when the Badami Chalukyas were vassals of the Kadambas of Banavasi. The Early Chalukya style was perfected in Badami and Pattadakal, both in Karnataka.

The unknown architects and artists experimented with different styles, blended the Nagara and Dravidian styles.  The style includes two types of monuments: rock cut halls or "cave temples", and "structural" temples, built above ground.

Bagalkot district
Bagalkot district (/ˈbɑːɡəlkoʊt/), is an administrative district in the Indian state of Karnataka. The district headquarters is located in the town of Bagalkot. The district is located in northern Karnataka and borders Belgaum, Gadag, Koppal, Raichur and Bijapur. The new Bagalkot district was carved out of Vijayapura in 1997 via Government of Karnataka directive Notification RD 42 LRD 87 Part III. The bifurcated Bagalkot district consists of ten taluks — Badami, Bagalkot, Bilagi, Guledgudda, Rabkavi Banhatti, Hunagund, Ilkal, Jamakhandi and Mudhol, Teradal.

The Ghataprabha River, Malaprabha River and Krishna River flow through the district. Kudalasangama lies at the point of confluence of the rivers Krishna and Malaprabha and is famous for being the samadhi of Basavanna.
Smittle, Missouri
Smittle is an unincorporated community in northwestern Wright County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community was located on Missouri Route TT, approximately five miles east of Grovespring and one half mile west of Elk Creek. The historic Mt. Olive School was just north of the village.

Missouri supplemental route
A supplemental route is a state secondary road in the U.S. state of Missouri, designated with letters. Supplemental routes were various roads within the state which the Missouri Department of Transportation was given in 1952 to maintain in addition to the regular routes, though lettered routes had been in use from at least 1932. The four types of roads designated as Routes are:

Farm to market roads

Roads to state parks

Former alignments of U.S. or state highways

Short routes connecting state highways from other states to routes in Missouri

Supplemental routes make up 19,064 miles (30,681 km) (59%) of the state highway system.
Vera Zvonareva career statistics
This is a list of the main career statistics of Russian professional tennis player Vera Zvonareva. She has won 12 WTA Tour singles titles and reached the finals of the 2008 WTA Tour Championships, 2010 Wimbledon Championships and 2010 US Open. She was also a bronze medalist at the 2008 Beijing Olympics.

2010 US Open (tennis)
The 2010 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts, held from August 30 to September 13, 2010, in the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows, Queens, New York City, United States.

The tournament was initially going to finish with Men's Singles final on September 12, but was postponed due to rain on the last day and just before the men's tournament final. In the previous two years the tournament was also postponed because of weather.

Juan Martín del Potro and Kim Clijsters were the defending champions. Del Potro, due to a wrist injury, opted not to defend his title. Clijsters successfully defended her title with a score of 6–2, 6–1 in the final against Vera Zvonareva.
English–Latin football rivalry
Since 1887, two of the oldest public schools in the United States, the Boston Latin School and English High School of Boston, have faced off in an annual football competition which now takes place on Thanksgiving day at Harvard Stadium. The rivalry had been the longest-running continuous high school football rivalry in the U.S., until the streak was broken in the 2020 season; the game was played every year, even during World War I, the Spanish flu, and World War II, but high school football was banned in Massachusetts in 2020 as a reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts. It remains the fifth-longest all-time behind Phillips Academy versus Phillips Exeter Academy; Wellesley, Massachusetts versus Needham, Massachusetts; New London, Connecticut versus Norwich Free Academy in Norwich, Connecticut; Germantown Academy vs. William Penn Charter School; and Lawrenceville School vs. The Hill School.

Needham, Massachusetts
Needham (/ˈniːdəm/ NEED-əm) is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. A suburb of Boston, its population was 32,091 in the 2020 U.S. Census. It is the home of Olin College of Engineering. It’s also home to 4 commuter rail stations along the Needham Line.
Mehari Tsegay
Mehari Tsegay (born 12 February 1999) is an Eritrean long-distance runner. 
In 2019, he competed in the senior men's race at the 2019 IAAF World Cross Country Championships held in Aarhus, Denmark. He finished in 31st place.

In 2017, he competed in the junior men's race at the 2017 IAAF World Cross Country Championships held in Kampala, Uganda.

2017 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Junior men's race
The Junior men's race at the 2017 IAAF World Cross Country Championships was held at the Kampala in Uganda, on March 26, 2017.

The exact length of the course was 7,858 m (33m start, 3 full laps of 2,000 m and a final lap of 1,825m).

Complete results for individuals.
Anke von Seck
Anke von Seck (née Nothnagel; born 10 September 1966 in Brandenburg an der Havel) is an East German-German canoe sprinter who competed in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Competing in two Summer Olympics, she won four medals with three golds (1988: K-2 500 m, K-4 500 m; 1992: K-2 500 m) and one silver (1992: K-4 500 m).

Nothangel also won eight gold medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with four in the K-2 500 m (1987, 1989, 1990, 1991) and four in the K-4 500 m (1987, 1989, 1990, 1991) events.

Nothnagel married between the 1989 and 1990 seasons and from 1990, she competed under her married name.

1990 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1990 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Poznań, Poland, on Lake Malta.

The men's competition consisted of eight Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Five events were held for the women, all in kayak.

This was the 23rd championships in the canoe sprint.
Lowen-Shaffer House
Lowen-Shaffer House located at 311 Lowenhill Street in the Beechview neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was built circa 1850.  John Lowen was the builder and original owner of this Carpenter Gothic style house.  It was added to the List of City of Pittsburgh historic designations on February 10, 1992.

Carpenter Gothic
Carpenter Gothic, also sometimes called Carpenter's Gothic or Rural Gothic, is a North American architectural style-designation for an application of Gothic Revival architectural detailing and picturesque massing applied to wooden structures built by house-carpenters. The abundance of North American timber and the carpenter-built vernacular architectures based upon it made a picturesque improvisation upon Gothic a natural evolution. Carpenter Gothic improvises upon features that were carved in stone in authentic Gothic architecture, whether original or in more scholarly revival styles; however, in the absence of the restraining influence of genuine Gothic structures, the style was freed to improvise and emphasize charm and quaintness rather than fidelity to received models. The genre received its impetus from the publication by Alexander Jackson Davis of Rural Residences and from detailed plans and elevations in publications by Andrew Jackson Downing.
Suresh Biswas
Suresh Biswas (1861 – 22 September 1905) was a 19th-century adventurer from India. He also gained high acclaim as a ringmaster, showing his prowess with big cats such as lions and tigers. He also came to be known for his military exploits in the Battle of Niterói.

Big cat
The term "big cat" is used by zoologists to mean any of the five living members of the genus Panthera (the tiger, lion, jaguar, leopard, and snow leopard). In non-scientific contexts, "big cat" can also mean any member of the cat family that is considered "big", including animals like cheetahs and cougars that taxonomically fall under the small cats.

All cats are members of the Felidae family, sharing similar musculature, cardiovascular systems, skeletal frames, and behaviour. Both the cheetah and cougar differ physically from fellow big cats, and to a greater extent, other small cats. As obligate carnivores, big cats are considered apex predators, topping their food chain without natural predators of their own. Native ranges include the Americas, Africa, and Asia; the ranges of the leopard and tiger also extend into Europe, specifically in Russia.
Interleukin-13 receptor
The interleukin-13 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor, binding Interleukin-13. It consists of two subunits, encoded by IL13RA1 and IL4R, respectively. These two genes encode the proteins IL-13Rα1 and IL-4Rα. These form a dimer with IL-13 binding to the IL-13Rα1 chain and IL-4Rα stabilises this interaction. This IL-13 receptor can also instigate IL-4 signalling. In both cases this occurs via activation of the Janus kinase (JAK)/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) pathway, resulting in phosphorylation of STAT6. Phosphorylated STAT6 dimerises and acts as a transcription factor activating many genes, such as eotaxin.

There is also another receptor that can bind IL-13:  IL-13Rα2 encoded by the IL13RA2 gene. This binds IL-13 with very high affinity (and can therefore sequester it) but does not allow IL-4 binding. It acts as a negative regulator of both IL-13 and IL-4, however the mechanism of this is still undetermined.

Interleukin 4
The interleukin 4 (IL4, IL-4) is a cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0 cells) to Th2 cells. Upon activation by IL-4, Th2 cells subsequently produce additional IL-4 in a positive feedback loop. IL-4 is produced primarily by mast cells, Th2 cells, eosinophils and basophils. It is closely related and has functions similar to IL-13.
Chong-Alay District
Chong-Alay District (big Alay) (Kyrgyz: Чоң Алай району; Russian: Чон-Алайский район) is a district of Osh Region in far south-western Kyrgyzstan. The administrative seat lies at Daroot-Korgon. Its area is 4,857 square kilometres (1,875 sq mi), and its resident population was 32,140 in 2021. The Chong-Alay District include 3 rural communities (Kyrgyz: айыл аймагы, romanized: ayyl aymagy): Chong-Alay, Kashka-Suu, and Jekendi.

Osh Region
Osh is a region of Kyrgyzstan. Its capital is Osh, which is not part of the region. It is bounded (clockwise) by Jalal-Abad Region, Naryn Region, China (Xinjiang), Tajikistan (Districts under Central Government Jurisdiction and Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region), Batken Region, and Uzbekistan (Andijan and Fergana Regions). Its total area is 28,934 km2 (11,171 sq mi). The resident population of the region was 1,391,649 as of January 2021. According to the 2009 census, 28% of the total population are ethnic Uzbeks.
Kilcummin, County Mayo
Kilcummin (Irish: Cill Chuimín) is a beachhead and civil parish on the northern coast of County Mayo in Ireland. Traditionally a fishing community, the Kilcummin area is sparsely populated. The "Tír Sáile - North Mayo Sculpture Trail" and "Tour d'Humbert" tourist route lead through the area. Kilcummin overlooks Killala Bay, the blue flag beach "An Trá nRoss", "Bartra Island" and lies on the opposite shore to Enniscrone and its beach in County Sligo.

Enniscrone
Enniscrone – also spelt Inniscrone and officially named Inishcrone (Irish: Inis Crabhann / Inis Eiscir Abhainn) – is a small seaside town in County Sligo, Ireland. Its sandy beach, tourist campsite, and golf course all attract visitors. As of the 2022 census, the town had a population of 1,291 people.
Reissert reaction
The Reissert reaction is a series of chemical reactions that transforms quinoline to quinaldic acid.  Quinolines will react with acid chlorides and potassium cyanide to give 1-acyl-2-cyano-1,2-dihydroquinolines, also known as Reissert compounds.  Hydrolysis gives the desired quinaldic acid.

The Reissert reaction is also successful with isoquinolines and most pyridines.

Several reviews have been published.

Isoquinoline
Isoquinoline is an individual chemical specimen—a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound—as well as the name of a family of many thousands of natural plant alkaloids, any one of which might be referred to as "an isoquinoline". It is a structural isomer of quinoline. Isoquinoline and quinoline are benzopyridines, which are composed of a benzene ring fused to a pyridine ring. In a broader sense, the term isoquinoline is used to make reference to isoquinoline derivatives. 1-Benzylisoquinoline is the structural backbone in many naturally occurring alkaloids such as papaverine. The isoquinoline ring in these natural compound derives from the aromatic amino acid tyrosine.