hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Xiaoqin Li
Xiaoqin Elaine Li is a Chinese and American experimental physicist whose work uses ultrafast laser spectroscopy to study the quantum electrodynamics of electrons and the quantum properties of nanostructures including van der Waals heterostructures, quantum dots, and optical metamaterials. She is a professor of physics at the University of Texas at Austin, where she directs the Texas Quantum Institute and holds the Jack S. Josey Welch Foundation Science Chair in Science.

Experimental physics
Experimental physics is the category of disciplines and sub-disciplines in the field of physics that are concerned with the observation of physical phenomena and experiments. Methods vary from discipline to discipline, from simple experiments and observations, such as experiments by Galileo Galilei, to more complicated ones, such as the Large Hadron Collider.
Castle of Alenquer
The Castle of Alenquer (Portuguese: Castelo de Alenquer), is a Portuguese medieval castle in civil parish of Alenquer (Santo Estêvão e Triana), in the municipality of Alenquer, in the district of Lisbon.

Concelho
Concelho (Portuguese: [kõˈseʎu]) is the Portuguese-language term for municipality, referring to the territorial subdivision in local government. In comparison, the word município ([muniˈsipiu]) refers to the organs of State. This differentiation is still in use in Portugal and some of its former overseas provinces, but is no longer in use in Brazil following the abolition of these organs, in favour of the French prefecture system. It is similar to borough and council.
Grassl
Grassl or Graßl is an Upper German and Austrian family name, mainly widespread in the southern region of the Berchtesgadener Land district, especially in the municipalities Ramsau bei Berchtesgaden and Schönau am Königsee. Notable people with the surname include:

Andreas Grassl (born 1984), German man found in England

Daniel Grassl (born 2002), Italian figure skater

Florian Grassl (born 1980), German skeleton racer

Franz Graßl (born 1965), German ski mountaineer

Judith Graßl (born 1968), German ski mountaineer

Wolfgang Graßl (1970-2010), German skier

Southern Germany
Southern Germany (German: Süddeutschland, [ˈzyːtˌdɔʏtʃlant] ⓘ) is a region of Germany that includes the areas in which Upper German dialects are spoken, which includes the stem duchies of Bavaria and Swabia in present-day Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg, and the southern portion of Hesse and Rhineland-Palatinate that were part of the Duchy of Franconia. These regions are a genetic mix of Gallo-Roman and later Germanic peoples such as the Suebi,  Franks, and Alemanni.

German-speaking Switzerland, Austria, Liechtenstein, Alsace, and South Tyrol are also historically, culturally, and linguistically associated with the region.
1894 Edinburgh Corporation election
An Election to the Edinburgh Corporation was held on 6 November 1894, alongside municipal elections across Scotland, and the wider British local elections. Elections took place in 5 of the cities 13 wards, with candidates in the remaining 8 being returned unopposed. A candidate, Thomas Blake, had intended to run against incumbent Lord Provost James Russell in St Cuthbert's Ward; however, due to a mistake at the nomination, Blake could not be accepted as a candidate.

Following the election the balance of power on the Corporation remained unchanged, divided between 21 Unionists and 20 Liberals. The composition, combined with a number of Liberals pledging to oppose the re-election of the Liberal Lord Provost James Russell, saw Russell replaced as Lord Provost with the Unionist candidate; Sir Andrew McDonald.

Turnout in the contested wards was 12,145 out of a total electorate of 18,741 (64.80%).

1894 United Kingdom local elections
The 1894 United Kingdom local elections took place in late 1894. The elections were the first following the Local Government Act 1894 (56 & 57 Vict. c. 73), which had created Urban and Rural Districts in England and Wales, and saw the election of members to these various new districts.

Party politics in local municipal government was undeveloped at this point, with many candidates making no reference to their party affiliations, and instead running on local or personal platforms. The election did however see increasing numbers of both Independent Labour, and also Socialist, candidates. In most instance these candidates appeared to win votes at the expense of Liberals, allowing Conservative candidates to capture Liberal seats. Prominent examples of this took place in Northampton, Salford, and Portsmouth.

By 2 November the Conservatives had gained 69 seats in England, the Liberals 29, Labour 15, Liberal Unionists 8, Independents 6, and Socialists 2.
Kopřiva
Kopřiva (pronounced [ˈkopr̝̊ɪva]; feminine: Kopřivová) is a Czech surname meaning 'nettle'. Notable people with the surname include:

David Kopřiva (born 1979), Czech rower

František Kopřiva (1892–unknown), Czech wrestler

Jaroslav Kopřiva (born 1990), Czech bobsledder

Karel Blažej Kopřiva (1756–1785), Bohemian organist and composer

Ladislav Kopřiva (1897–1971), Czech-Czechoslovak communist

Miroslav Kopřiva (born 1983), Czech ice hockey goaltender

Ondřej Kopřiva (born 1988), Czech badminton player

Štěpán Kopřiva (born 1971), Czech writer

Václav Jan Kopřiva (1708–1789), Bohemian composer

Vít Kopřiva (born 1997), Czech tennis player

Ladislav Kopřiva
Ladislav Kopřiva (28 June 1897 in Ivanovice na Hané, Austria-Hungary – 13 November 1971 in Prague) was a Czechoslovak communist politician. During the era of Gottwald, his position was Minister of National Security, and he was largely responsible for a series of purges of party members, such as Czech Vice Premier Rudolf Slánský, stating that "Our Czechoslovak traitors [...] can be compared with Russia's Trotsky [...] Our conspiracies are not extraordinary, but only further evidence that our country is subject to the same laws of socialistic development as the Soviet Union."

Kopřiva soon fell out of favor; he was voluntarily relieved in late January 1952, to be replaced by Karol Bacílek, who would initiate yet more purges.

Like many high communist officials out of favor, he was soon purged from the party; in April 1963 he was expelled from the party because of his role in the purges after the findings of the Kolder Report, which partly rehabilitated many of those purged.
Statue of Freedom
The Statue of Freedom, also known as Armed Freedom or simply Freedom, is a bronze statue designed by Thomas Crawford that, since 1863, has crowned the United States Capitol dome. Originally named Freedom Triumphant in War and Peace, a U.S. government publication now states that the statue "is officially known as the Statue of Freedom." The statue depicts a female figure bearing a military helmet and holding a sheathed sword in her right hand and a laurel wreath and shield in her left.

Statue
A statue is a free-standing sculpture in which the realistic, full-length figures of persons or animals are carved or cast in a durable material such as wood, metal or stone. Typical statues are life-sized or close to life-size. A sculpture that represents persons or animals in full figure, but that is small enough to lift and carry is a statuette or figurine, whilst those that are more than twice life-size are regarded as colossal statues.

Statues have been produced in many cultures from prehistory to the present; the oldest-known statue dating to about 30,000 years ago. Statues represent many different people and animals, real and mythical. Many statues are placed in public places as public art. The world's tallest statue, Statue of Unity, is 182 metres (597 ft) tall and is located near the Narmada dam in Gujarat, India.
Steven Kahn (endocrinologist)
Steven Emanuel Kahn (born 1955) is Professor of Medicine at the University of Washington and at the VA Puget Sound Health Care System. He is also Director of the University of Washington Diabetes Research Center and Director of the Diabetes Research Group at VA Puget Sound Health Care System.

Born in Durban, South Africa, he received a medical degree from the University of Cape Town in 1978. He took up a position at the Einstein Medical Center in Philadelphia in 1983, prior to joining the University of Washington School of Medicine as a postdoctoral research fellow in endocrinology.

He is currently Editor in Chief of Diabetes Care.

He is a recipient of the Endocrine Society Clinical Investigator Award, the Department of Veterans Affairs John B. Barnwell Award, the European Association for the Study of Diabetes Albert Renold Award, and the American Diabetes Association Outstanding Achievement in Clinical Diabetes Research Award. He has an h-index of 146 according to Google Scholar.

European Association for the Study of Diabetes
The European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) is a scientific association founded in Montecatini Terme, Italy in 1965 with Joseph Hoet as Founding President. The aims of the association are to encourage and support research in the field of diabetes, the rapid diffusion of acquired knowledge in that field, and to facilitate its application.
Thomas Percy (Pilgrimage of Grace)
Sir Thomas Percy (c. 1504 – 2 June 1537) was a participant in the 1537 Bigod's Rebellion in the aftermath of the Pilgrimage of Grace, a Catholic uprising against King Henry VIII. He was convicted of treason and hanged, drawn and quartered at Tyburn. The Catholic Encyclopedia (1913) states that he "is considered a martyr by many".

Tyburn
Tyburn was a manor (estate) in London, Middlesex, England, one of two which were served by the parish of Marylebone.  Tyburn took its name from the Tyburn Brook, a tributary of the River Westbourne. The name Tyburn, from Teo Bourne, means 'boundary stream'.

The parish, and probably therefore also the manor, was bounded by Roman roads to the west (modern Edgware Road) and south (modern Oxford Street). The junction of these was the site of the famous Tyburn Gallows (known colloquially as the "Tyburn Tree"), now occupied by Marble Arch. For many centuries the name Tyburn was synonymous with capital punishment: it was the principal place for execution for London and Middlesex criminals and convicted traitors, including many religious martyrs. In the 18th century it was also known as "God's Tribunal". Hangings at Tyburn often included a sometimes raucous procession of the condemned from Newgate Gaol in the City – at the end of the 18th century, the hangings were moved to Newgate.
Schuby
Schuby (Danish: Skovby) is a municipality in the district Schleswig-Flensburg, in Schleswig-Holstein in northern Germany. It is only a few kilometres west from Schleswig.

The name comes from the Danish "Skovby", meaning the "Village in the Woods". Schuby is located on the Bundesautobahn 7, from which it has its "own" exit.

Schuby is part of the Amt ("collective municipality") Arensharde.

Carles Puigdemont was arrested at a gas station in this town.

Bundesautobahn 7
Bundesautobahn 7 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 7, short form Autobahn 7, abbreviated as BAB 7 or A 7) is the longest German Autobahn and the longest national motorway in Europe at 963 km (598 mi). It bisects the country almost evenly between east and west. In the north, it starts at the border with Denmark as an extension of the Danish part of E45. In the south, the autobahn ends at the Austrian border. This final gap was closed in September 2009.
W. Brent Jackson
William Brent Jackson (born November 8, 1957) is an American politician and businessman serving as a Republican member of the North Carolina Senate, representing the 9th district, which includes Jones, Duplin, Pender, Bladen, and Sampson counties.

Pender County, North Carolina
Pender County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 60,203. Its county seat is Burgaw. Pender County is part of the Wilmington, NC metropolitan statistical area.
Terrence W. Wilcutt
Terrence Wade Wilcutt (born October 31, 1949) is a United States Marine Corps officer and a former NASA astronaut. He is a veteran of four Space Shuttle missions. Wilcutt was NASA's Chief of Safety and Mission Assurance, until his retirement from NASA in December 2020.

United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor program
The United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor program (SFTI program), more popularly known as Top Gun (stylized as TOPGUN), is a United States Navy training program that teaches air combat maneuvering tactics and techniques to selected naval aviators and naval flight officers, who return to their operating units as surrogate instructors.

The program began as the United States Navy Fighter Weapons School, established on 3 March 1969, at the former Naval Air Station Miramar in San Diego, California. In 1996, the school was merged into the Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center at Naval Air Station Fallon, Nevada.
Haugh of Urr
Haugh of Urr (/hɒx ... ɜːr/), is a village in the historical county of Kirkcudbrightshire in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. It is approximately 4 miles (6 kilometres) NNW of Dalbeattie, 3 mi (5 km) NE of Castle Douglas, 12+1⁄2 mi (20 km) west of Dumfries and 12+1⁄2 mi (20 km) east of Kirkcudbright.

Kirkcudbright
Kirkcudbright (/kərˈkuːbri/ kur-KOO-bree; Scottish Gaelic: Cille Chùithbeirt) is a town at the mouth of the River Dee in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, southwest of Castle Douglas and Dalbeattie. A former royal burgh, it is the traditional county town of Kirkcudbrightshire.
2004 European Parliament election in France
European Parliament elections were held in France on 13 June 2004. The opposition Socialist Party made substantial gains, although this was mainly at the expense of minor parties. The governing Union for a Popular Movement and Union for French Democracy also made gains.

Greens–European Free Alliance
The Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) is a political group of the European Parliament composed primarily of green political parties.

The group consists of European Green Party (EGP), part of the European Free Alliance (EFA), and members of Volt Europa and European Pirate Party political alliances.
But What Will the Neighbors Think
But What Will the Neighbors Think is the second studio album by American country music artist Rodney Crowell. It was released in 1980 (see 1980 in country music) by Warner Bros. Records. It reached No. 64 on the Top Country Albums chart and No. 155 on the Billboard 200 albums chart. The songs, "Ashes by Now", "Ain't No Money" and "Here Come the 80's" were released as singles. "Ashes by Now" reached No. 78 on the country charts and No. 37 on the Billboard Hot 100 while the other two singles failed to chart. The album has more of a rock & roll influence than Crowell's debut, Ain't Living Long Like This. The album was rereleased on compact disc in 2005.

Albert Lee
Albert William Lee (born 21 December 1943) is an English guitarist known for his fingerstyle and hybrid picking technique. Lee has worked, both in the studio and on tour, with many famous musicians from a wide range of genres. He has also maintained a solo career and is a noted composer and musical director.
Davey Nunataks
The Davey Nunataks (72°58′S 74°52′E﻿ / ﻿72.967°S 74.867°E﻿ / -72.967; 74.867) are a group of seven nunatak lying 3 nautical miles (6 km) southwest of Mount Harding in the Grove Mountains. They were mapped by Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions from air photos, 1956–60, and named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for S.L. Davey, a topographic draftsman with the Division of National Mapping, Australian Department of National Development, who contributed substantially to the production of Antarctic maps.

Mount Harding
Mount Harding is the largest mountain in the Grove Mountains of Antarctica, in the south-central part of the range and about 4 nautical miles (7 km) west of Gale Escarpment. It was mapped by the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (1956–60) from aerial photographs, and was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for N.E. Harding, a topographic draftsman with the Division of National Mapping, Australian Department of National Development, who contributed substantially to the production of Antarctic maps.
Cyprus (1816 ship)
Cyprus was a brig launched at Sunderland in 1816. The colonial government in Van Diemen's Land purchased her in 1826. In 1829 as she was transporting convicts from Hobart Town to Macquarie Harbour Penal Station, some of the convicts seized Cyprus. They sailed her via Japan to Canton, where they scuttled her.

Convict
A convict is "a person found guilty of a crime and sentenced by a court" or "a person serving a sentence in prison". Convicts are often also known as "prisoners" or "inmates" or by the slang term "con", while a common label for former convicts, especially those recently released from prison, is "ex-con" ("ex-convict"). Persons convicted and sentenced to non-custodial sentences tend not to be described as "convicts".

The label of "ex-convict" usually has lifelong implications, such as social stigma or reduced opportunities for employment. The federal government of Australia, for instance, will not, in general, employ an ex-convict, while some state and territory governments may limit the time for or before which a former convict may be employed.
Adult Swim Yule Log
Adult Swim Yule Log (also titled The Fireplace) is a surreal black comedy horror film that originally aired as a special on Adult Swim on December 11, 2022. It was created, written, and directed by Casper Kelly, and produced by Williams Street. Created in secret by Kelly, the film initially presents itself as a holiday footage video of a fireplace located inside a vacation cabin, before eventually giving way to a surprise meta-horror plot occurring within the cabin, and involving the fireplace itself. Adult Swim's first horror film, it was met with generally favorable reviews.

A sequel Adult Swim Yule Log 2: Branchin' Out aired on December 6, 2024.

Television special
A television special (often TV special, or rarely television spectacular) is a standalone television show that may also temporarily interrupt episodic programming normally scheduled for a given time slot. Some specials provide a full range of entertainment and informational value available via the television medium (news, drama, comedy, variety, cultural), in various formats (live television, documentary, studio production, animation, film), and in any viewing lengths (short films, feature films, miniseries, telethons).
Dorothyann Nelson
Dorothyann Nelson is a former American figure skater.  She skated with partner Pieter Kollen.  Together they were the champions in pair skating at the 1962 United States Figure Skating Championships and also won the silver medal in ice dance at the same event.  Nelson retired from competition in 1962 in order to skate professionally with Ice Follies.

Ice Follies
The Ice Follies, formerly known as the Shipstads & Johnson Ice Follies, is a touring ice show featuring elaborate production numbers, similar in concept to Ice Capades. It was founded in 1936 by Eddie and Roy Shipstad and Oscar Johnson. In later years, Olympic skaters such as Donald Jackson, Barbara Berezowski, Peggy Fleming, and Janet Lynn were in the cast. Ice Follies also featured novelty acts such as Frick and Frack and Richard Dwyer, who was billed as "Mr. Debonair".

The production company is now called Ice Follies and Holiday on Ice, Inc., a subsidiary of Feld Entertainment which produces the shows under the Disney on Ice and "... on Ice" titles. Feld formed the new subsidiary from the Ice Follies and U.S. Holiday on Ice touring companies.

The show was a variety show that included a chorus line called The Ice Folliettes, which led to synchronized figure skating, that famously precisely performed a kick line and pinwheel on ice.
Dkhissa
Dkhissa is a small town and rural commune in Meknès Prefecture of the Fès-Meknès region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 13,541 people living in 2,476 households.

2004 Moroccan census
The 2004 Moroccan census, formally the General Population and Housing Census for the year 2004, was held in Morocco in 2004, conducted by the High Planning Commission. The previous census was taken in 1994.
Ruse of Engagement
Ruse of Engagement (Chinese: 叛逃; Jyutping: Bun6 Tou4; 'The Traitor Escapes') is a Hong Kong action crime television drama produced by TVB. Created by Amy Wong, the drama follows two brothers who work as paramilitary officers in the Anti-Terrorist Force (ATF), a fictional intelligence agency inspired by the Counter Terrorism Response Unit of the Hong Kong police force. Ruse of Engagement aired on 17 March to 18 April 2014 on TVB Jade with 25 episodes.

Intelligence agency
An intelligence agency is a government agency operating as a secret service responsible for the collection, analysis, and exploitation of information in support of law enforcement, national security, military, public safety, and foreign policy objectives.

Means of information gathering are both overt and covert and may include espionage, communication interception, cryptanalysis, cooperation with other institutions, and evaluation of public sources. The assembly and propagation of this information is known as intelligence analysis or intelligence assessment.
Prisoner law
In the United States of America, prisoner law refers to litigation that determines the freedoms that a prisoner either holds or loses when they are incarcerated. This includes the end of the hands-off doctrine and the ability to be protected by the first, fourth, eighth, and fourteenth amendments. Furthermore, prisoner laws regulate the ways in which individuals experience privacy in a prison setting. Important case laws have arisen through time that have either hindered or protected prisoners from certain rights. Some include the Hudson v. Palmer case which held that prisoners were not protected against searches and seizures of their prison cells and Wolff v. McDonnell that stated that prisoners shall remain entitled to some of their constitutional rights even after being incarcerated.

Hudson v. Palmer
Hudson v. Palmer, 468 U.S. 517 (1984), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that prison inmates have no privacy rights in their cells protected by the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Court also held that an intentional deprivation of property by a state employee "does not violate the Fourteenth Amendment if an adequate postdeprivation state remedy exists," extending Parratt v. Taylor to intentional torts.