hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heinrich Zille
Heinrich Rudolf Zille (10 January 1858 – 9 August 1929) was a German lithographer, illustrator, caricaturist, painter, and photographer. Celebrated as a keen observer of urban life, Zille became best known for his empathetic yet satirical depictions of Berlin's working-class environments during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Nicknamed 'Pinselheinrich' ('Brush Heinrich'), he combined humour, social critique, and artistic skill to shed light on the struggles and humanity of the city's lower classes. His works, which often incorporated the Berlin dialect and sharp wit, captured the essence of an evolving metropolis, leaving a lasting impact on both visual art and social commentary.

Metropolis
A metropolis is a large city or conurbation which is a significant economic, political, and cultural area for a country or region, and an important hub for regional or international connections, commerce, and communications.

A big city belonging to a larger urban agglomeration, but which is not the core of that agglomeration, is not generally considered a metropolis but a part of it. The plural of the word is metropolises, although the Latin plural is metropoles, from the Greek metropoleis (μητρoπόλεις).

For urban areas outside metropolitan areas that generate a similar attraction on a smaller scale for their region, the concept of the regiopolis ("regio" for short) was introduced by urban and regional planning researchers in Germany in 2006.
Chris Houlding
Chris Houlding was appointed Principal Trombone of the Orchestra of Opera North, England, when he was 21 and has played as Guest Principal with the best of UK ensembles and recently represented the UK in the World Orchestra of Peace in Russia. He is also known as an influential teacher and held the position of Senior Tutor at the Royal Northern College of Music in Manchester for many years.

Royal Northern College of Music
The Royal Northern College of Music (RNCM) is a conservatoire in Manchester, England. It is one of four conservatoires associated with the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music. In addition to being a centre of music education, the RNCM is a busy and diverse public performance venue.
Tadachakond
Tadachakond is a small village in Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra state in Western India. The 2011 Census of India recorded a total of 269 residents in the village. Tadachakond's geographical area is 166 hectares (410 acres).

Ratnagiri district
Ratnagiri district (Marathi pronunciation: [ɾət̪n̪aːɡiɾiː]) is a district in the state of Maharashtra, India. The administrative headquarter of the district is located in the town of Ratnagiri. The district is 11.34% urban. The district is bounded by the Arabian Sea to the west, Sindhudurg district to the south, Raigad district to the north and Satara, Sangli and Kolhapur districts to the east. This district is part of Konkan division.
1982 British Formula Three Championship
The 1982 British Formula Three Championship was the 32nd season of the British Formula Three Championship. The championship was clinched by Irish racing driver Tommy Byrne, driving for Murray Taylor Racing, with 101 points. The runner up was Argentine driver, Enrique Mansilla, driving for West Surrey Racing, who finished only three points behind Byrne despite funding challenges caused by the Falklands War.
The season also saw future Formula One stars Ayrton Senna and Martin Brundle win their first Formula Three races, Brundle at Oulton Park, and Senna at the non-championship race in November at Thruxton. The championship was contested over 20 races, starting with Silverstone on 7 March and ending with Thruxton on 24 October.

West Surrey Racing
West Surrey Racing is a UK-based motorsport team run by New Zealander Dick Bennetts. He is responsible for masterminding the careers of such names as Ayrton Senna, Mika Häkkinen, Jonathan Palmer, Rubens Barrichello, Maurício Gugelmin and Eddie Irvine with his involvement in F3 and a racing academy in the 80s and 90s. Founded in 1981, WSR has won more than 70 races in Formula 3 and more than 100 class and outright wins in the BTCC.
Abdulatif Al-Ameeri
Abdulatif AlـAmeeri is a member of the Kuwaiti National Assembly, representing the second district. Born in 1966, Al-Ameeri studied sharia law at Kuwait University and worked as a lawyer before being elected to the National Assembly in 2008.  While political parties are technically illegal in Kuwait, Al-Ameeri affiliates with the Islamist Hadas party.

National Assembly (Kuwait)
The National Assembly (Arabic: مجلس الأمة, Majlis al-ʾUmma) is the unicameral legislature of Kuwait. The National Assembly meets in Kuwait City. The National Assembly is typically composed of 50 elected members and 16 directly appointed government ministers (ex officio members).

The assembly was frequently dissolved by the Emir of Kuwait. From 2006 to 2024, the assembly was dissolved 13 times. The assembly has been suspended since 10 May 2024 for a four-year constitutional re-evaluation due to frequent inaction, corruption, bribery, vote purchasing and political deadlock.
Budden
Budden is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Amanda Budden (born 1994), Irish footballer

Charles Budden (1879–1969), English cricketer

Henry Budden (1871–1944), Australian architect

James Budden (1882–1965), English cricketer

Joe Budden (born 1980), American rapper

John Budden (1566–1620), English jurist

Julian Budden (1924–2007), British opera scholar and broadcaster

Kevin Budden (1930–1950), Australian herpetologist

Kris Budden (born 1984), American sports reporter

Lionel Bailey Budden (1877–1956), British architect and academic

Maria Elizabeth Budden (c. 1780–1832), English children's writer

Ted Budden (died 2000), British politician

Maria Elizabeth Budden
Maria Elizabeth Budden, (née Halsey, c. 1780 – 26 April 1832) was a novelist, translator and writer of didactic children's books, who frequently signed her work "M. E. B." or "A Mother". Her True Stories... series of history books for young people remained popular for many years. Little has come to light about Budden's life.
The Schutz Family and Their Friends on a Terrace
The Schutz Family and Their Friends on a Terrace is a 1725 oil painting by the German artist Philip Mercier. A Conversation piece, it depicts Augustus Schutz and his family. Schutz was from Hanover and the painting has been read as an endorsement of the Hanoverian Succession with its symbology of the White Horse of Hanover and an orange tree representing William III.
The Berlin-born Schutz was of Huguenot origin. He settled in London and worked there for most of his career. Today the painting is in the collection of the Tate Britain, having been purchased in 1980.

Conversation piece
A conversation piece refers to a group portrait in a domestic or landscape setting depicting persons chatting or otherwise socializing with each other.  The persons depicted may be members of a family as well as friends, members of a society or hunt, or some other grouping who are shown sharing common activities such as hunts, meals, or musical parties. It was an especially popular genre in 18th-century England, beginning from the 1720s, largely due to the influence of William Hogarth. Similar paintings can also be found in other periods and outside of England. The setting of various figures "conversing" in an intimate setting appears to call for small-scale paintings, but some artists treated this subject manner in the Grand Manner, with almost life-size figures.
John Ryan (Irish politician)
John Joseph Ryan (17 June 1927 – 3 April 2014) was an Irish Labour Party politician from Nenagh, County Tipperary. He was an unsuccessful candidate at the 1969 general election, but was elected to Dáil Éireann at the 1973 general election as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Tipperary North constituency. He was re-elected at each subsequent general election until he lost his seat at the 1987 general election.

He was elected to the Industrial and Commercial Panel of the 19th Seanad in 1989. At the 1992 general election he re-gained his Dáil seat in Tipperary North. He retired at the 1997 general election. He served as Leas-Cheann Comhairle (deputy chairperson) of the Dáil from 1982 to 1987. He died in 2014 at the age of 86.

Industrial and Commercial Panel
The Industrial and Commercial Panel is one of five vocational panels which together elect 43 of the 60 members of Seanad Éireann, the senate of the Oireachtas (the legislature of Ireland). The Industrial and Commercial Panel elects nine senators.
Laurel Cottage and Ravenslea
Laurel Cottage and Ravenslea is a pair of buildings in Luss, Argyll and Bute, Scotland. They are Category B listed dating to the mid 19th century.

The buildings, single-storey cottages located on Pier Road, are made of whinstone and sandstone rubble with pink sandstone margins and dressings. Both possess timber diamond-paned casement windows. Each cottage has a pair of octagonal corniced chimney stacks with octagonal cans.

The buildings are shown on the first-edition Ordnance Survey map, surveyed in 1864. They are an identical pair with Yewbank and Lonaigview, Fernlea and Ivy Cottage, Avonlea and Ivy Bank and Rose Cottage and The Sheiling. Two of the five are on the northern side of the street; three on the southern.

Casement window
A casement window is a window that is attached to its frame by one or more hinges at the side. They are used singly or in pairs within a common frame, in which case they are hinged on the outside. Casement windows are often held open using a casement stay. Windows hinged at the top are referred to as awning windows, and ones hinged at the bottom are called hoppers.
Go Fridge
Go Fridge (simplified Chinese: 拜托了冰箱; traditional Chinese: 拜託了冰箱; pinyin: Bàituōle bīngxiāng), also known as Play, Fridge, is a 2016 Chinese cooking show produced by Tencent Video. The show was host by He Jiong, Jackson Wang and Wei Daxun. The rights were bought from South Korean television series Please Take Care of My Refrigerator. It was listed in the 'Most Popular Chinese Variety Show'. The show features six chefs, two of whom compete in a timed cooking challenge using ingredients from the guest’s refrigerator.

Please Take Care of My Refrigerator
Please Take Care of My Refrigerator (Korean: 냉장고를 부탁해; RR: Naengjanggoreul butakhae), also known as Chef & My Fridge, is a South Korean cooking-variety program starring various chefs and celebrity guests. It airs on JTBC on Mondays at 21:30 (KST) beginning November 17, 2014. Since October 1, 2018, the program airs late at 23:00 (KST) on the same day, due to giving it regular broadcast timeline to JTBC's dramas. The last episode of this program aired on November 25, 2019, after five years of broadcast. The show was rebooted on both television and on Netflix, the first episode aired on December 15, 2024.
Mindfulness and technology
Mindfulness and technology is a movement in research and design, that encourages the user to become aware of the present moment, rather than losing oneself in a technological device. This field encompasses multidisciplinary participation between design, psychology, computer science, and religion. Mindfulness stems from Buddhist meditation practices and refers to the awareness that arises through paying attention on purpose in the present moment, and in a non-judgmental mindset. In the field of Human-Computer Interaction, research is being done on Techno-spirituality — the study of how technology can facilitate feelings of awe, wonder, transcendence, and mindfulness  and on Slow design, which facilitates self-reflection. The excessive use of personal devices, such as smartphones and laptops, can lead to the deterioration of mental and physical health. This area focuses on redesigning and creating technology to improve the wellbeing of its users.

Self-reflection
Self-reflection is the ability to witness and evaluate one's own cognitive, emotional, and behavioural processes. In psychology, other terms used for this self-observation include "reflective awareness" and "reflective consciousness", which originate from the work of William James.

Self-reflection depends upon a range of functions, including introspection and metacognition, which develop from infancy through adolescence, affecting how individuals interact with others, and make decisions.

Self-reflection is related to the philosophy of consciousness, the topic of awareness, and the philosophy of mind.

The concept of self-reflection is ancient. More than 3,000 years ago, "Know thyself" was the first of three Delphic maxims inscribed in the forecourt of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi. It is also considered a form of thought that generates new meaning and an opportunity to engage with what seemingly appears incongruous.
Mill House, Adlington
Mill House is a former country house in the parish of Adlington, Cheshire, England.  It is dated 1603, and was built by Sir Uriah Legh, of the Legh family of Adlington, as a dower house.  Alterations were made to it in the middle of the 18th century and in the early 20th century.  It is a timber-framed building with some plastered brick infill; it has a Kerridge stone-slate roof.  The house is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.

Adlington, Cheshire
Adlington is a village and civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. It was known as Eduluintune in the Domesday Book. According to the 2001 census the civil parish had a population of 1,081 people across 401 households. There is a mixed, non-denominational primary school in the village.
Hazuri Bagh Baradari
The Hazuri Bagh Baradari (Urdu: حضوری باغ بارہ دری) is a baradari of white marble located in the Hazuri Bagh of Lahore, Pakistan. It was built by Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the Sikh ruler of Punjab to celebrate his capture of the Koh-i-Noor diamond from Shuja Shah Durrani in 1813. Its construction was completed in 1818.

The pillars support delicate cusped arches. The central area, where Maharaja Ranjit Singh held court, has a mirrored ceiling. The pavilion consisted of two storeys until it was damaged by lightning in 1932.

Shuja Shah Durrani
Shuja Shah Durrani (Shuja ul-Mulk Mohammad Mirza Sadozai; 4 November 1785 – 5 April 1842) was Shah of the Durrani Empire from 1803 until his deposition in 1809, and again from 1839 until his assassination in 1842. A son of Timur Shah Durrani, Shuja was of the Sadozai lineage of the Durrani clan of Pashtuns. He became the fifth King of the Durrani Empire.
George Frederick Leycester Marshall
Major-General George Frederick Leycester Marshall CIE (27 March 1843 Bridgnorth, Salop – 7 March 1934) was the son of William Marshall (a clergyman) and his wife Louisa Sophia, also brother of C. H. T. Marshall and uncle of Guy Anstruther Knox Marshall. He became a colonel in the Indian Army and was a naturalist interested in the birds and butterflies of India. Marshall described several new species of butterflies, along with Lionel de Nicéville, and discovered the white-tailed iora, sometimes referred to as Marshall's iIora. He wrote The butterflies of India, Burmah and Ceylon.

Marshall retired from the Royal (late Bengal) Engineers in November 1897. Marshall married Elizabeth Huntley Muir (1851, Agra - 1913) at Allahabad in 1874. One son George Leycester Knox (born 1875) died young at Simla on 20 July 1883. Marshall was made CIE in the 1893 New Year Honours.

Order of the Indian Empire
The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria on 1 January 1878. The Order includes members of three classes:

Knight Grand Commander (GCIE)

Knight Commander (KCIE)

Companion (CIE)

Appointments terminated after 1947, the year that British India became the independent Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan. With the death of the last surviving knight, the Maharaja Meghrajji III of Dhrangadhra, the order became dormant in 2010.
The motto of the Order is Imperatricis auspiciis, (Latin for "Under the auspices of the Empress"), a reference to Queen Victoria, the first Empress of India. The Order is the junior British order of chivalry associated with the British Indian Empire; the senior one is The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India.
CADASIL
CADASIL or CADASIL syndrome, involving cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, is the most common form of hereditary stroke disorder and is thought to be caused by mutations of the NOTCH3 gene on chromosome 19. The disease belongs to a family of disorders called the leukodystrophies. The most common clinical manifestations are migraine headaches and transient ischemic attacks or strokes, which usually occur between 40 and 50 years of age, although MRI is able to detect signs of the disease years prior to clinical manifestation of disease.

The condition was identified and named by French researchers Marie-Germaine Bousser and Elisabeth Tournier-Lasserve in the 1990s. Together with two other researchers, Hugues Chabriat and Anne Joutel, they received the 2019 Brain Prize for their research into the condition.

Elisabeth Tournier-Lasserve
Élisabeth Tournier-Lasserve (born 1954) is a French neurologist, medical geneticist, university professor and hospital practitioner in genetics. Together with three colleagues, she was the co-recipient of the Brain Prize in 2019, the world's largest brain research prize.
Pedregal, David
Pedregal is a corregimiento in David District, Chiriquí Province, Panama. It has a land area of 144.4 square kilometres (55.8 sq mi) and had a population of 17,516 as of 2010, giving it a population density of 121.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (314/sq mi). Its population as of 1990 was 12,731; its population as of 2000 was 15,220.

Corregimientos of Panama
In Panama, a corregimiento is a subdivision of a district, which in turn is a subdivision of a province. It is the smallest administrative division level in the country; which is further subdivided into populated places/centres. As of 2012, Panama is subdivided into a total of 693 corregimientos, since several of these were created in the province of Bocas del Toro and the indigenous region (comarca indígena) of Ngäbe-Buglé.
Hagnaby Abbey
Hagnaby Abbey was an abbey and former priory in Hagnaby, Lincolnshire, England. It was one of nine Premonstratensian houses within the historical county.

It was founded as a house for Premonstratensian canons around 1175, by Agnes, widow of Herbert de Orreby.  The priory was a dependency of Welbeck Abbey and named in honour of Saint Thomas the Martyr.

It achieved its independence and abbey status in 1250, and appears from surviving records to have been well run.

Hagnaby Abbey was suppressed in 1536, its last abbot being Edmund Toft. It is an ancient scheduled monument.

Priory
A priory is a monastery of men or women under religious vows that is headed by a prior or prioress. They are found in the Catholic Church, Lutheran Churches, and Anglican Communion. Priories may be monastic houses of monks or nuns (such as the Benedictines, the Cistercians, or the Charterhouses). Houses of canons & canonesses regular also use this term, the alternative being canonry. Mendicant houses, of friars, nuns, or tertiary sisters (such as the Friars Preachers, Augustinian Hermits, and Carmelites) also exclusively use this term.

In pre-Reformation England, if an abbey church was raised to cathedral status, the abbey became a cathedral priory. The bishop, in effect, took the place of the abbot, and the monastery itself was headed by a prior.
Veritas, Prince of Truth
Veritas, Prince of Truth is a 2007 animated romance fantasy film directed by Arturo Ruiz-Esparza and starring Sean Patrick Flanery, Bret Loehr, Amy Jo Johnson, Tyler Posey, Kate Walsh, and Danny Strong.

Sean Patrick Flanery
Sean Patrick Flanery (born October 11, 1965) is an American actor. He is known for playing Connor MacManus in The Boondock Saints (1999) and its sequel The Boondock Saints II: All Saints Day (2009), Greg Stillson in the television series The Dead Zone, Jeremy "Powder" Reed in Powder (1995), Indiana Jones in the George Lucas television series The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, as well as Bobby Dagen in Saw 3D (2010). He is also known for his role as Sam Gibson on the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless in 2011. He starred in Devil's Carnival, a short film which was screened on tour beginning in April 2012.

In 2016, he published his first novel, Jane Two, a coming-of-age story drawing inspiration from his own childhood and early experiences.
Glenn Roberts
Glenn Noble Roberts (born 26 June 1988) is a retired Norwegian footballer of Gambian descent. In April 2008, he spent time on loan to Nybergsund together with then-teammate Amin Nouri. Roberts was transferred to Aalesunds FK in August 2008.

Aalesunds FK
Aalesunds Fotballklubb, commonly known as Aalesund or AaFK, is a Norwegian professional football club from the town of Ålesund, that competes in the Eliteserien, the top tier of the Norwegian football league system. The club was founded on 25 June 1914. As of 2004, the football club had 835 members and several teams on both professional and amateur levels. These teams are the 1st and 2nd teams, junior team, and also several age-specific teams.
Blue Shoes and Happiness
Blue Shoes and Happiness is the seventh in The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency series of novels by Alexander McCall Smith, set in Gaborone, Botswana, and featuring the Motswana protagonist Precious Ramotswe.

Tswana people
The Batswana (Tswana: Batswana, singular Motswana) are a Bantu ethnic group native to Southern Africa. Ethnic Tswana made up approximately 85% of the population of Botswana in 2011.

Batswana inhabit south and eastern Botswana and the Gauteng, North West, Northern Cape, Free State, and other provinces of South Africa.
Ali Shallal al-Qaisi
Ali Shallal al-Qaisi (Arabic: علي شلال القیسي; born 6 August 1962) is an Iraqi civilian who was captured in United States custody during CIA interrogation and tortured at Abu Ghraib Prison in 2003. His name became known in 2004 when the prisoner torture and abuse at Abu Ghraib made news.

Interrogation
Interrogation (also called questioning) is interviewing as commonly employed by law enforcement officers, military personnel, intelligence agencies, organized crime syndicates, and terrorist organizations with the goal of eliciting useful information, particularly information related to suspected crime. Interrogation may involve a diverse array of techniques, ranging from developing a congenial rapport with the subject to torture.
Statute of Labourers 1351
The Statute of Labourers (25 Edw. 3. Stat. 2) was an act of the Parliament of England under King Edward III in 1351 in response to a labour shortage, which aimed at regulating the labour force by prohibiting requesting or offering a wage higher than pre-Plague standards and limiting movement in search of better conditions. The popular narrative about its success and enforcement holds that it was poorly enforced and did not stop the rise in real wages. However, immediately after the Black Death, real wages did not rise, despite the labour shortage.

Labour economics
Labour economics is the subfield of economics concerned with the study of labour as an input to economic production. Broadly, it surveys labor markets and the economic decisions of agents participating in such markets. Topics of study include the labour supply of workers and how it is affected by variables such as age, education, gender and childbearing, as well as the labour demand by firms searching for different forms of labour as an input in the production of goods and services. In addition, labour economics studies, amongst others, phenomena such as schooling, human capital, inequality, unemployment, trade unions, discrimination, technological change, and public policies related to labour markets, such as unemployment benefits, pensions and health care.