hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cambodia at the 2022 Asian Games
Cambodia competed at the 2022 Asian Games in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, which began on 23 September 2023 and ended on 8 October 2023. The event was scheduled to be held in September 2022 but was postponed due to the rising COVID-19 cases in China. The event was later rescheduled to be held in September–October 2023.

2022 Asian Games
The 2022 Asian Games (2022年亚洲运动会), officially the 19th Asian Games (第十九届亚洲运动会) and also known as Hangzhou 2022 (杭州2022), were a continental multi-sport event which was held from 23 September to 8 October 2023 in Hangzhou, China. The games marked the 110th anniversary since the creation of the first continental event, starting with the 1913 Far Eastern Championship Games.

Originally scheduled to take place from 10 to 25 September 2022, on 6 May 2022 the Games were postponed to 2023 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The new dates were announced on 19 July 2022, with the Games remaining branded as Hangzhou 2022. Hangzhou was the third Chinese city to host the Asian Games, after Beijing in 1990 and Guangzhou in 2010.
Vesical
Vesical (Latin: vesica) refers to the urinary bladder and its relevant and nearby structures and functions, including:

the vesical arteries, which provide the urinary bladder with oxygenated blood
Superior vesical artery
Middle vesical artery
Inferior vesical artery

the vesical venous plexus, the network of veins that collects deoxygenated blood from the urinary bladder

the vesical veins, tributaries of the internal iliac veins, which drain the vesical venous plexus

the vesical nervous plexus, a nerve network in the anterior pelvis

the vesico-uterine pouch (or vesico-uterine excavation), a sac in the female pelvis in between the uterus and the urinary bladder

Vesical tenesmus, difficulty urinating

Bladder
The bladder (from Old English  blædre 'bladder, blister, pimple') is a hollow organ in humans and other vertebrates that stores urine from the kidneys. In placental mammals, urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra during urination. In humans, the bladder is a distensible organ that sits on the pelvic floor. The typical adult human bladder will hold between 300 and 500 ml (10 and 17 fl oz) before the urge to empty occurs, but can hold considerably more.

The Latin phrase for "urinary bladder" is vesica urinaria, and the term vesical or prefix vesico- appear in connection with associated structures such as vesical veins. The modern Latin word for "bladder" – cystis – appears in associated terms such as cystitis (inflammation of the bladder).
Monte Isola
Monte Isola (also known by the name of the main island Montisola; Brescian: Muntìsola) is a town and comune in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

It is located on the islands Montisola (the major island, from which it takes the name), Loreto and San Paolo in Lake Iseo and, as of 2015, its population is 1,770. Monte Isola's population is approximately spread over eleven villages and hamlets. There are several churches built between the 15th and the 17th century with frescoes, statues, altars in vernacular art.

Eastern Lombard dialects
Eastern Lombard is a group of closely related variants of Lombard, a Gallo-Italic language
 spoken in Lombardy, mainly in the provinces of Bergamo, Brescia and Mantua, in the area around Cremona and in parts of Trentino. Its main variants are Bergamasque and Brescian.

In Italian-speaking contexts, Eastern Lombard is often called as dialetti (lit. 'dialects'), understood to mean not a variety of Italian, but a local language that is part of the Romance languages dialect continuum that pre-dates the establishment of Tuscan-based Italian.

Eastern Lombard and Italian have only limited mutual intelligibility, like many other Romance languages spoken in Italy.

Eastern Lombard does not have any official status either in Lombardy or anywhere else: the only official language in Lombardy is Italian.
St Peter's and St Andrew's Church, Thurso
St Peter's and St Andrew's Church is located on Princes Street in Thurso, Caithness, Scotland. The church was built to a design of William Burn in 1830–2, a simplified version of the Church of St John the Evangelist, Edinburgh, which is also attributed to Burn.

William Burn
William Burn FRSE (20 December 1789 – 15 February 1870) was a Scottish architect. He received major commissions from the age of 20 until his death at 81. He built in many styles and was a pioneer of the Scottish Baronial Revival, often referred to as the golden age of Scottish architecture.
Roverella Altarpiece
The Roverella Altarpiece was a religious painting by Cosmè Tura completed during 1470–1474 using oil and egg-tempera on poplar panel work, commissioned by abbot and cardinal Bartolomeo Roverella for San Giorgio fuori le mura in Ferrara in memory of his brother bishop Lorenzo Roverella. It was one of the most significant works of the artist and of the Ferrara Renaissance in general. It was damaged in an explosion in 1709 and moved out of the church. It is now dismembered and their panels split up between several museums.

San Giorgio fuori le mura
Saint George's Basilica is a Roman Catholic church in Ferrara, Italy. It is called San Giorgio fuori le mura in Italian, meaning Saint George's "outside the walls" because it was built outside the city walls, while Saint George's Cathedral was within the city walls. It is the oldest church in the city.
Who's That Man
"Who's That Man" is a song written and recorded by American country music singer Toby Keith. It was released in July 1994 as the first single from his 1994 album Boomtown. The song became Keith's second number one hit on the US Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart.

The following year, "Who's That Man" got shortlisted for the Academy of Country Music awards for Single Record and Song of the Year, Keith himself was shortlisted for Top New Male Vocalist that year as well.

Academy of Country Music
The Academy of Country Music (ACM) was founded in 1964 in Los Angeles, California as the Country & Western Music Academy. Among the founders were Eddie Miller, Tommy Wiggins, and Mickey and Chris Christensen. They wanted to promote country music in the western 13 states with the support of artists based on the West Coast. Artists such as Johnny Bond, Glen Campbell, Merle Haggard, Roger Miller and others influenced them. A board of directors was formed to govern the academy in 1965.
Crag Farm Pit, Sudbourne
Crag Farm Pit, Sudbourne is a 4.8-hectare (12-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Sudbourne in Suffolk. It is a Geological Conservation Review site, and within the Suffolk Coast and Heaths Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

This site dates to the early Pliocene, around four million years ago. It is described by Natural England as an important geological site, which has the best exposure of sandwave facies of the Coralline Crag Formation. Fossils of many bryozoan species are present.

The site has been filled in and is now a field. It is on private land with no public access.

Natural England
Natural England is a non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom sponsored by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. It is responsible for ensuring that England's natural environment, including its land, flora and fauna, freshwater and marine environments, geology and soils, are protected and enhanced. It also has a responsibility to help people enjoy, understand and access the natural environment.

Natural England focuses its activities and resources on four strategic outcomes:

a healthy natural environment

enjoyment of the natural environment

sustainable use of the natural environment

a secure environmental future
Abington, South Lanarkshire
Abington is a village in the Scottish council region of South Lanarkshire, 
close to the M74 motorway, marking the point where it changes name to the A74(M), following the upgrade of the former A74 road.  The West Coast Main Line between Glasgow and London also emerges from the Clyde Valley at this point and begins its ascent up Beattock Summit, alongside the motorway.  Abington was at one time served by a station on the railway, but this was closed as a result of the Beeching cuts of the 1960s.

There is a post office in the village, as well the Upper Clyde Parish Church building.

The village gives its name to the Abington services, which lies about 1 mile (1.6 km) north and which is served by Stagecoach service X74 (Dumfries-Glasgow).

This also marks the point where the A702 road meets the A74(M)/M74.

Between 1964 and 1991, the village was the location of a Royal Observer Corps monitoring bunker, to be used in the event of a nuclear attack. It remains mostly intact.

Beattock Summit
Beattock Summit is the highest point of the West Coast Main Line (WCML) railway and of the A74(M) motorway as they cross between Dumfries and Galloway and South Lanarkshire in south west Scotland.

The height of the summit reached by the A74(M) motorway is 1,033 feet (315 m) above sea level. The adjacent railway reaches a slightly lower elevation of 1,016 feet (310 m).  The summit is the watershed between the River Clyde to the north and Evan Water, a tributary of the River Annan to the south.
Rufino, Santa Fe
Rufino is a city in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It has 19,211 inhabitants as per the 2022 census [INDEC]. It lies on the southwest of the province, 260 km (162 mi) from the main metropolitan area of the province Greater Rosario,416 km (258 mi) from the provincial capital Santa Fe, near the borders with Córdoba (west) and Buenos Aires (south), on the intersection of National Routes 33 and 7.

The town was founded by Gerónimo Segundo Rufino in 1886, as the railway line that linked Diego de Alvear, Santa Fe, to Villa Mercedes, San Luis, was inaugurated. The plans for the new town were approved by the governorship of Santa Fe on 29 March 1889, which is acknowledged as the  official foundation date.

Provinces of Argentina
Argentina has 23 provinces (Spanish: provincias, singular provincia) and one autonomous city, Buenos Aires, which serves as the federal capital, as determined by Congress.

The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions and exist under a federal system.
Eleventh Hour (Fred Frith album)
Eleventh Hour is a double album by English guitarist, composer and improvisor Fred Frith. It comprises five long pieces composed by Frith between 1990 and 2001, and was performed by the Arditti Quartet (strings) with Uwe Dierksen (trombone), William Winant (electric guitars) and Frith (electric guitars), in Germany and the United States in 2003 and 2004. Frith only plays on the second CD of this album.

Improvisation
Improvisation or improvization (often shortened to improv) is the activity of making or doing something not planned beforehand, using whatever can be found. The origin of the word itself is in the Latin "improvisus", which literally means un-foreseen. Improvisation in the performing arts is a very spontaneous performance without specific or scripted preparation. The skills of improvisation can apply to many different faculties across all artistic, scientific, physical, cognitive, academic, and non-academic disciplines; see Applied improvisation.
Silvia Costa Espinoza
Silvia Costa Espinoza (25 April 1929 – 12 March 2015) was a Chilean primary school teacher, union leader and Communist Party politician.

She served as Deputy for the 10th Departamental Group –San Fernando and Santa Cruz– during 1973, but her term was cut short by the military coup.

San Fernando, Chile
San Fernando is the capital of the province of Colchagua, in central Chile, and the second most populated urban center of the O'Higgins Region. Located close to the Tinguiririca River (a tributary of the Rapel) in a fertile valley, San Fernando sits 339 m (1,112 feet) above sea level. Founded in 1742, it became the provincial capital in 1840.
Water supply and sanitation in Latin America
Water supply and sanitation in Latin America is characterized by insufficient access and in many cases by poor service quality, with detrimental impacts on public health. Water and sanitation services are provided by a vast array of mostly local service providers under an often fragmented policy and regulatory framework. Financing of water and sanitation remains a serious challenge.

Water supply and sanitation in Haiti
Haiti faces key challenges in the water supply and sanitation sector:
Notably, access to public services is very low, their quality is inadequate and public institutions remain very weak despite foreign aid and the government's declared intent to strengthen the sector's institutions. Foreign and Haitian NGOs play an important role in the sector, especially in rural and urban slum areas.
Church of the Brethren in Nigeria
The Church of the Brethren in Nigeria (Hausa: Ekklesiyar Yan'uwa a Nigeria (EYN), literally "Church of Children of the Same Mother of Nigeria") is an Anabaptist Christian denomination from Nigeria with close to 1,000,000 members. It has hundreds of pastors and hundreds of parishes. It has been established in the 20th century. The Church of the Brethren in Nigeria has bible colleges and schools. It joined the World Council of Churches in 1985. Furthermore, it is a member of the Christian Council of Nigeria and the Christian Association of Nigeria. The Church of the Brethren in Nigeria is the largest national body of Church of the Brethren in the world.

EYN buildings in Maiduguri were destroyed by Boko Haram as a part of 2009 Nigerian sectarian violence.

Hausa language
Hausa (/ˈhaʊsə/; in Hausa: Harshen/Halshen Hausa listenⓘ /hawˈsa/; Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا‎) is a Chadic language spoken primarily by the Hausa people in Niger (where it is the sole official language, having replaced French in 2025) and in the northern parts of Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, Benin and Togo and the southern parts of Chad. It is also spoken by a significant minority in Ivory Coast and a small number of speakers in Sudan.

Hausa is a member of the Afroasiatic language family and is the most widely spoken language within the Chadic branch of that family. Hausa is tonal, using relative pitch both to distinguish words, and mark grammatical categories. Ethnologue estimated that it was spoken as a first language by some 58 million people and as a second language by another 36 million, bringing the total number of Hausa speakers to an estimated 94 million.

In Nigeria, the Hausa film industry is known as Kannywood.
Ammons Creek Falls
Ammons Creek Falls is a waterfall located in the Tallulah Ranger District of the Chattahoochee National Forest in Rabun County, Georgia that cascades for over 100 feet.  There is 1.75 mile loop hiking trail that provides access to both nearby Holcomb Creek Falls and Ammons Creek Falls.  There is a wooden observation deck for viewing the falls.

The falls can be accessed from Clayton by taking Warwoman Road east for 10 miles. Turn left onto Hale Ridge Road (Forest Service Road 7) for 7 miles until it intersects Overflow Road (Forest Service Road 86).

Rabun County, Georgia
Rabun County (/ˈreɪbən/) is the northeasternmost county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,883, up from 16,276 in 2010. The county seat is Clayton. With an average annual rainfall of over 70 inches (1,800 mm), Rabun County has the title of the rainiest county in Georgia and is one of the rainiest counties east of the Cascades. The year 2018 was the wettest on record in the county's history. The National Weather Service cooperative observation station in northwest Rabun's Germany Valley measured 116.48 inches of rain during the year. During 2020, the Germany Valley NWS station reported a yearly precipitation total of 100.19 inches.
Codex Phillipps 1388
Codex Phillipps 1388, Syriac manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It contains the text of the four Gospels. Palaeographically it had been assigned to the 5th/6th centuries. It is one of the oldest manuscripts of Peshitta with some Old Syriac readings.

According to Gwilliam the Cureton’s Syriac is related to the Peshitto in the same way that the latter is to the Philoxeno-Heraclean revision. It means it represent a stage between that of the Old Syriac and the fully developed Peshitta text. It has no fewer than seventy Old Syriac readings. It is one of very few early manuscripts with Old Syriac readings.

The manuscript was acquired by the Royal Library in Berlin in 1865. It was dated by Sachau to the end of the 5th century or the beginning of the 6th century.

The text of the codex was published by G. H. Gwilliam in 1901. A. Allgeier re-examined the collection of the codex in 1932.

Berlin State Library
The Berlin State Library (German: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin; officially abbreviated as SBB, colloquially Stabi) is a universal library in Berlin, Germany, and a property of the German public cultural organization the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation (German: Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz).

Founded in 1661, it is among the largest libraries in Europe, and one of the most important academic research libraries in the German-speaking world. It collects texts, media and cultural works from all fields across many languages, from all time periods and all countries of the world, and offers them for academic and research purposes.

Prominent items in its collection include the oldest biblical illustrations in the fifth-century Quedlinburg Itala fragment, a Gutenberg Bible, the main autograph collection of Goethe, the world's largest collection of Johann Sebastian Bach's and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's manuscripts, and the original score of Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony № 9.
Kosmos 2469
Kosmos 2469 (Russian: Космос 2469 meaning Cosmos 2469) was a Russian US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 2010 as part of the Russian Space Forces' Oko programme. The satellite was designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 2469 was launched from Site 16/2 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 17:01 UTC on 30 September 2010. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 2010-049A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 37170.

It was the last launch of a US-K satellite and the last launch of a Molniya-M rocket.

On 15 October 2022, Kosmos 2469 re-entered the atmosphere.

Blok 2BL
The Blok 2BL was a rocket stage, a member of Blok L family, used as an upper stage on some versions of the Molniya-M carrier rocket. It was used as a fourth stage to launch the Oko missile early warning defence spacecraft.
Vitaly Zdorovetskiy
Vitaly Zdorovetskiy (/vɪˈtæli zəˌdɒrəˈvjɛtski/ vih-TAL-ee zə-DORR-ə-VYET-skee; Russian: Вита́лий Здорове́цкий, IPA: [vʲɪˈtalʲɪj zdərɐˈvʲetskʲɪj]; born March 8, 1992), better known by his YouTube username VitalyzdTv, is a Russian YouTuber and internet content creator. He emigrated to the United States with his mother in 2006 as a teenager, and shortly after became known for his YouTube pranks and publicity stunts, some of which have culminated in him being arrested and imprisoned.

From April 2025 to January 2026, Zdorovetskiy was detained by the Philippine government over criminal charges of unjust vexation (three counts), theft, and public harassment that were broadcast on his Kick livestreams in Metro Manila. In January 2026, he was deported to Russia and subsequently blacklisted from the Philippines.

Blacklisting
Blacklisting is the action of a group or authority compiling a blacklist of people, countries or other entities to be avoided or distrusted as being deemed unacceptable to those making the list; if people are on a blacklist, then they are considered to have done something wrong, or they are considered to be untrustworthy. As a verb, blacklist can mean to put an individual or entity on such a list. A blacklist is synonymous with a list of banned persons or organizations, and is the opposite of a whitelist.
Jet quenching
In high-energy physics, jet quenching is a phenomenon that can occur in the collision of ultra-high-energy particles. In general, the collision of high-energy particles can produce jets of elementary particles that emerge from these collisions. Collisions of ultra-relativistic heavy-ion particle beams create a hot and dense medium comparable to the conditions in the early universe, and then these jets interact strongly with the medium, leading to a marked reduction of their energy. This energy reduction is called "jet quenching". The term was first coined by Anshuman Mishra from HBTU, Kanpur.

Ultrarelativistic limit
In physics, a particle is called ultrarelativistic when its speed is very close to the speed of light c. Notations commonly used are  or  or  where  is the Lorentz factor,  and  is the speed of light.

The energy of an ultrarelativistic particle is almost completely due to its kinetic energy .  The total energy can also be approximated as  where  is the Lorentz invariant momentum.

This can result from holding the mass fixed and increasing the kinetic energy to very large values or by holding the energy E fixed and shrinking the mass m to very small values which also imply a very large . Particles with a very small mass do not need much energy to travel at a speed close to . The latter is used to derive orbits of massless particles such as the photon from those of massive particles (cf. Kepler problem in general relativity).
Benched (TV series)
Benched is an American single-camera sitcom, created by Michaela Watkins and Damon Jones, about a high-powered corporate lawyer's fall from grace into the rough-and-tumble world of a public defender. The series stars Eliza Coupe and Jay Harrington in pivotal roles with Maria Bamford, Jolene Purdy, Carter MacIntyre and Oscar Nunez as the supporting cast. The show premiered on USA Network on October 28, 2014.

On January 14, 2015, USA Network cancelled Benched after one season  because of low ratings. The series premiered to 870,000 viewers in October, and while it held steady for much of its 12-episode run, its showing remained modest. Despite cancellation, Benched received mostly positive reviews during its short run with the pairing of Coupe and Harrington being pointed as the highlight of the show.

Single-camera setup
In filmmaking, television production and video production, the single-camera setup or single-camera mode of production (also known as portable single crew, portable single camera or single-cam) is a method in which all of the various shots and camera angles are taken using the same camera.

The single-camera setup originally developed during the birth of the Classical Hollywood cinema in the 1910s and has remained the standard mode of production for cinema. In television production, both single-camera and multiple-camera methods are commonly used.