hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aptitude
An aptitude is a component of a competence to do a certain kind of work at a certain level. Outstanding aptitude can be considered "talent", or "skill". Aptitude is inborn potential to perform certain kinds of activities, whether physical or mental, and whether developed or undeveloped. Aptitude is often contrasted with skills and abilities, which are developed through learning. The mass term ability refers to components of competence acquired through a combination of both aptitude and skills.

According to Gladwell (2008) and Colvin (2008), it is often difficult to set apart the influence of talent from the influence of hard training in the case of outstanding performances. Howe, Davidson, and Sloboda argue that talents are acquired rather than innate. Talented individuals generally show high levels of competence immediately in only a narrow range of activities, often comprising only a single direction or genre.

Labour economics
Labour economics is the subfield of economics concerned with the study of labour as an input to economic production. Broadly, it surveys labor markets and the economic decisions of agents participating in such markets. Topics of study include the labour supply of workers and how it is affected by variables such as age, education, gender and childbearing, as well as the labour demand by firms searching for different forms of labour as an input in the production of goods and services. In addition, labour economics studies, amongst others, phenomena such as schooling, human capital, inequality, unemployment, trade unions, discrimination, technological change, and public policies related to labour markets, such as unemployment benefits, pensions and health care.
Tamagawa Museum of Modern Art, Imabari
Tamagawa Museum of Modern Art, Imabari (今治市玉川近代美術館, Imabari-shi Tamagawa Kindai Bijutsukan) opened in Tamagawa, now Imabari, Ehime Prefecture, Japan in 1986. The museum also goes by the name of the Tokusei Kinenkan (徳生記念館), after the late Tokusei Tadatsune, who provided the funds. The collection includes works by Gauguin, Dalí, Hiroshige, Kuroda Seiki, and Nakamura Tsune, as well as the National Treasure Artefacts from Mount Narabara Sutra Mound, Iyo Province.

Imabari, Ehime
Imabari (今治市, Imabari-shi) is a city in Ehime Prefecture, Japan. It is the second largest city in the prefecture.  As of 31 August 2022, the city had an estimated population of 152,111 in 75,947 households and a population density of 360 persons per km². The total area of the city is 468.19 square kilometres (180.77 sq mi). The population is the second largest in Ehime Prefecture after Matsuyama City.
Dud Murra of Wadai
Muhammad Salih bin Yusuf, known as Dud Murra or Dudmurrah ("the lion of Murra"), was the last independent ruler, or kolak, of the Wadai Empire.
He allied with the Sanusi, powerful traders of the eastern Sahara, and with the Sultan of Darfur to resist French aggression in the eastern Sahel, but was defeated.
His sultanate was incorporated in the French military territory of Chad.

Darfur
Darfur (/dɑːrˈfʊər/ dar-FOOR; Arabic: دار فور, romanized: Dār Fūr, lit. 'Realm of the Fur') is a region of western Sudan. Dār is an Arabic word meaning "home [of]" – the region was named Dardaju (Arabic: دار داجو, romanized: Dār Dājū) while ruled by the Daju, who migrated from Meroë c. 350 AD, and it was  renamed Dartunjur (Arabic: دار تنجر, romanized: Dār Tunjur) when the Tunjur ruled the area. Darfur was an independent sultanate for hundreds of years until 1874, when it fell to the Sudanese warlord Rabih az-Zubayr. The region was later invaded and incorporated into Sudan by Anglo-Egyptian forces in 1916.

Because of the War in Darfur between Sudanese government forces and the indigenous population, the region has been in a state of humanitarian emergency and genocide since 2003. The factors include religious and ethnic rivalry, and the rivalry between farmers and herders.
Thomas Hempel
Thomas Ivar Hempel (28 March 1942 – 7 May 2018) was a Swedish radio journalist. He was affiliated with the Sveriges Radio P1 news service Dagens Eko, specifically its program Lördagsintervjun (The Saturday interview).

Sveriges Radio P1
P1 is a national radio channel produced by the Swedish public broadcaster Sveriges Radio (SR). It was launched in 1925 as the first national radio station in Sweden, and adopted its current format in 1966.
Bonny Wood
Bonny Wood is a 20 hectare nature reserve east of Barking Tye in Suffolk. It is managed by the Suffolk Wildlife Trust. The site is part of the Barking Woods biological Site of Special Scientific Interest.

Orchids in this coppiced wood include early-purples, lesser twayblades, common spotteds and greater butterflies. There are many birds, badgers and deer.

There is access by a poorly signposted footpath from Barking Village Hall.

Barking Woods
Barking Woods is a 98.7-hectare (244-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in six separate blocks north-east of Ipswich in Suffolk. Part of it is a 20-hectare (49-acre) nature reserve called Bonny Wood, which is owned and managed by the Suffolk Wildlife Trust.

These ancient woodlands have been documented since 1251. The canopy is mainly oak, ash and silver birch, and other trees include the rare wild pear. The flora is diverse, including herb paris, ramsons, sanicle and early purple orchid.

Some areas are private land, but the nature reserve is open to the public, and a public footpath goes through Priestley Wood.
Greville Smyth Park
Greville Smyth Park is a late-Victorian public park in the Ashton Gate area of Bristol, England. Covering roughly 25.5 acres (10.3 ha) beside the River Avon, it provides formal sports pitches, a bowling green, children's play spaces and a small nature garden. The park is managed by Bristol City Council in partnership with the community group Friends of Greville Smyth Park (FROGS).

Bristol City Council
Bristol City Council is the local authority for the city of Bristol, in South West England. Bristol has had a council from medieval times, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1996 the council has been a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council. Bristol has also formed its own ceremonial county since 1996. Since 2017 the council has been a member of the West of England Combined Authority.

The council has been under no overall control since 2021. Following the 2024 election the Green Party was the largest party. Green councillor Tony Dyer was appointed leader of the council, and committee chair positions were shared amongst the Greens and Liberal Democrats. The council is based at City Hall on College Green.
Judith Trachtenberg (film)
Judith Trachtenberg is a 1920 German silent drama film directed by Henrik Galeen and starring Leontine Kühnberg, Ernst Deutsch and Leonhard Haskel. It was based on the 1890 novel of the same title by Karl Emil Franzos. In 1932 it was released in the United States, re-edited to include sound, under the alternative title A Daughter of Her People. It was one of a significant cycle of films in the early 1920s which dealt with issues of Jewish cultural assimilation including Love One Another (1922), The Ancient Law (1923) and The City Without Jews (1924). The film's plotline of a Jewish woman becoming involved with an aristocratic figure follows what is known as an "Esterka story".

Esterka
Esterka (also Estera) is the name traditionally given to a Jewish woman who, according to later chronicles and folklore, became the mistress of Casimir III the Great, King of Poland from 1333 to 1370. Medieval Polish and Jewish writers often treated the story as historical, recounting a celebrated romance between the king and the beautiful Jewish woman.
Back to Me (Marian Hill and Lauren Jauregui song)
"Back to Me" is a song recorded by American electronic duo Marian Hill and American singer and songwriter Lauren Jauregui. It was released on December 8, 2016 and included on the duo's extended debut album Act One: The Complete Collection. The song was written by the members of Marian Hill (Samantha Gongol and Jeremy Lloyd) and Jauregui, and produced by Lloyd. It is Jauregui's first release outside of Fifth Harmony.

Marian Hill
Marian Hill is an American electronic music duo from Philadelphia consisting of record producer Jeremy Lloyd and singer Samantha Gongol.

The duo released their debut EP, Play, in 2014, and released their second EP, Sway, in 2015. The duo released four singles throughout 2016, leading up to their debut album Act One.
Lorella Flego
Lorella Flego (born 3 July 1974 in Koper) is a Slovenian television presenter. She has presented several national selections for the Eurovision Song Contest for her country and was the spokesperson for Slovenia in the final of the Eurovision Song Contest 2012, 2021, 2022, 2024 and 2025.

Born into an Italian-speaking family, her mother is Italian writer Isabella Flego. She spent the first years of her childhood in Africa, and the majority of her life in Koper.  Her brother is TV presenter Andrea F. She has one daughter.

Slovenia in the Eurovision Song Contest
Slovenia has been represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 30 times since its debut in 1993, having hosted a qualification round (Kvalifikacija za Millstreet) in Ljubljana for seven countries due to the influx of new nations wishing to join the contest. The Slovenian participating broadcaster in the contest is Radiotelevizija Slovenija (RTVSLO).

Slovenia's best result is seventh position achieved on two occasions; in 1995 with "Prisluhni mi" performed by Darja Švajger and in 2001 with "Energy" by Nuša Derenda. Since the introduction of the semi-finals in 2004, Slovenia has qualified for the final on eight occasions. As of 2025, Slovenia has not made it to the top ten since their seventh place finish in 2001, only making it to the thirteenth position in 2002 and 2011. Having only missed two contests from 1993 to 2025, RTVSLO opted not to participate in 2026 due to the inclusion of Israel in the context of the Gaza war.
You Don't Have to Worry (Mary J. Blige song)
"You Don't Have to Worry" is a song by American R&B singer Mary J. Blige. It was written by Kenny Greene and Edward "DJ Eddie F" Ferrell  for the soundtrack of the film Who's the Man? (1993), while production was helmed by Ferrell, with co-production from Kenny "K-Smoove" Kornegay and Darin "Piano Man" Whittington. It contains a sample of "Papa Don't Take No Mess" by James Brown. Released as a single, it charted on the US Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 63, while reaching number 11 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. A remix version featuring rapper Craig Mack was produced by Sean "Puffy" Combs and Tony Dofat and later included on Blige's remix album, What's the 411? Remix (1993).

Who's the Man?
Who's the Man? is a 1993 thriller buddy comedy film directed by Ted Demme in his feature film directing debut. The film stars Yo! MTV Raps hosts Doctor Dré (in his film debut) and Ed Lover alongside Ice-T and features cameo appearances from some of the top rap/hip-hop acts of the time.
Nimmala Rama Naidu
Nimmala Rama Naidu (born 6 May 1969) is an Indian politician, currently serving as the cabinet minister in the Government of Andhra Pradesh and a member of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly who won successively three times from  Palakollu. He was first elected in 2014 as a member of the Telugu Desam Party in the Palakollu constituency.

Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly
The Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly (Telugu: ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ శాసన సభ, ISO: Āndhra Pradēś Śāsana Sabha) is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of the Indian state, Andhra Pradesh.

The Legislative Assembly consists of 175 members who are elected by adult universal suffrage under the first-past-the-post system. The duration of the Assembly is five years from the date appointed for its first meeting unless it is decided to dissolve the Assembly sooner. The Legislative Assembly's main functions include legislation, overseeing of administration, passing the budget, and airing public grievances.

The Legislative Assembly holds three sessions annually, one for Budget and the other for Monsoon and Winter sessions.

The Legislative Assembly took up residence in the interim Legislative Assembly Building in Amaravati beginning from the 2017 Budget session. The new building has systems for automatic speech translation and automatic vote recording.
Panhandle 38
Panhandle 38 (Italian: ...e alla fine lo chiamarono Jerusalem l'implacabile, also known as Padella calibro 38 and Panhandle Calibre 38) is a 1972 Italian comedy-western film. The film represents the debut and the only film directed by Toni Secchi, that had previously been the cinematographer of a number of successful spaghetti westerns. It was also the only leading role for Scott Holden, the son of William Holden and Brenda Marshall, who had a brief film career in early 70s.

William Holden
William Franklin Holden (né Beedle; April 17, 1918 – November 12, 1981) was an American actor and one of the biggest box-office draws of the 1950s. He won the Academy Award for Best Actor for the film Stalag 17 (1953) and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie  for The Blue Knight (1973).

Holden starred in some of Hollywood's most popular and critically acclaimed films, including Sunset Boulevard (1950), Sabrina (1954), Picnic (1955), The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957), The Wild Bunch (1969) and Network (1976). He was named one of the "Top 10 Stars of the Year" six times (1954–1958, 1961), and appeared as 25th on the American Film Institute's list of 25 greatest male stars of Classical Hollywood cinema.
Paris in the Belle Époque
In Paris, the Belle Époque (1871–1914) saw the construction of the Eiffel Tower, the Métro, the completion of the Opera, the Rue Réaumur and the beginning of the Basilica of Sacré-Cœur on Montmartre. Three lavish "universal expositions" in 1878, 1889, and 1900 brought millions of visitors to Paris to sample the latest innovations in commerce, art, and technology. Paris was the scene of the first public projection of a motion picture, and the birthplace of the Ballets Russes, Impressionism, and Modern Art.

The expression Belle Époque ("beautiful era") came into use after the First World War; it was a nostalgic term for what seemed a simpler time of optimism, elegance, and progress.

Vélodrome d'Hiver
The Vélodrome d'Hiver (French pronunciation: [velɔdʁɔm divɛʁ], Winter Velodrome), colloquially Vel' d'Hiv', was an indoor bicycle racing cycle track and stadium (velodrome) on rue Nélaton, not far from the Eiffel Tower in Paris. As well as a cycling track, it was used for ice hockey, basketball, wrestling, boxing, roller-skating, circuses, bullfighting, spectaculars, and demonstrations. It was the first permanent indoor track in France and the name persisted for other indoor tracks built subsequently.

In July 1942, French police, acting under orders from the German authorities in Occupied Paris, used the velodrome to hold thousands of Jews and others who were victims in a mass arrest. The Jews were held at the velodrome before they were moved to a concentration camp in the Parisian suburbs at Drancy and then to the extermination camp at Auschwitz. The incident became known as the "Vel' d'Hiv roundup" (rafle du Vel' d'Hiv').
John Woolley (sport shooter)
Lawrence John Woolley (born 23 August 1950 in Melton Mowbray), known as John Woolley, is a sport shooter from New Zealand who has represented New Zealand at three Olympic Games and four Commonwealth Games.

Melton Mowbray
Melton Mowbray (/ˈmɛltən ˈmoʊbri/) is a market town in the Melton district in Leicestershire, England, 19 miles (31 km) north-east of Leicester and 20 miles (32 km) south-east of Nottingham. It lies on the River Eye, known below Melton as the Wreake. The town had a population of 27,670 in 2019. The town is sometimes promoted as Britain's "Rural Capital of Food"; it is the home of the Melton Mowbray pork pie and is the location of one of six licensed makers of Stilton cheese.
Haifa Center for German and European Studies
The Haifa Center for German and European Studies (HCGES) is a joint project of the University of Haifa and the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). The Center was founded in 2007 and opened in June 2008 by the Federal Foreign Minister Frank Walter Steinmeier. It is part of the [ Research Authority of the University of Haifa  cooperating with the faculties of humanities, social sciences and law. The founding idea of the Center is to provide students, research, academics and the general public with information about modern Germany and Europe. Therefore the Center is holding public events as well as academic conferences and workshops. It also conducts its own interdisciplinary research with a focus on social, political, legal, economic and cultural developments in Germany and Europe after 1945. The HCGES is part of the global network of DAAD Centers for German and European Studies.

German Academic Exchange Service
The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD; German: Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst), The German Academic Exchange Service e. V. (DAAD), founded in 1925, is a joint organization of German universities and student bodies to foster their international relations. Joybrato Mukherjee has been President since January 1, 2020.
S. Rm. M. Chidambaram Chettiar
Sathappa Ramanatha Muthiah Chidambaram Chettiar (Tamil: சாத்தப்ப இராமநாத முத்தையா சிதம்பரம் செட்டியார்) better known as S.RM.M.Chidambaram Chettiar was the eldest son of S. Rm. Muthiah Chettiar and the progenitor of the M. Ct. family. In 1897, he purchased the zamindari of Andipatti from the Madras government and became its zamindar.

Andipatti
Andipatti or Aundipatty is a municipal body in the Theni district in of Tamil Nadu state in southern India. It is on the bank of Vaigai River with rich flora and fauna species. It is a valley surrounded by mountains and there is a theory saying Western Ghats starts from this place.

Agriculture is the main economic activity of the town with handloom and textile mills spread across the city limits. Nearby places include Theni, Madurai, Cumbum, Nadukkottai and Gudalur. The town is known all over the state and country as having been the constituency of the two chief ministers: M. G. Ramachandran and J. Jayalalithaa.

The Vaigai Dam, a major reservoir in Tamil Nadu, is 7 km away from Andipatti, 
Theni district, Madurai Region.
HMCS Wentworth
HMCS Wentworth was a River-class frigate that served with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War. She served primarily as a convoy escort in the Battle of the Atlantic. She was named in honour of the town of Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. She could not be named HMCS Dartmouth for fear of confusion with HMS Dartmouth, and so was named after a famous early resident, Nova Scotia Lieutenant Governor Sir John Wentworth. Her name is often mistakenly associated with Wentworth County, Ontario, in honour of the city of Hamilton.

Wentworth was ordered in April 1942 as part of the 1942–1943 River-class building program. She was laid down on 11 November 1942 by Yarrows Ltd at Esquimalt, British Columbia and launched 6 March 1943. She was commissioned into the Royal Canadian Navy on 7 December 1943 at Victoria, British Columbia.

Yarrow Shipbuilders
Yarrow Shipbuilders Limited (YSL), often styled as simply Yarrows, was a major shipbuilding firm based in the Scotstoun district of Glasgow on the River Clyde. It is now part of BAE Systems Surface Ships, owned by BAE Systems, which has also operated the nearby Govan shipyard (formerly Fairfields) since 1999.
Giuseppe Merlo
Giuseppe "Beppe" Merlo (11 October 1927 – 17 July 2019) was an Italian tennis player.

Merlo reached the semifinals of French Championships in 1955 (losing to Sven Davidson) and 1956 (losing to Lew Hoad). In the final of Rome in 1955, Merlo led 2 sets to 1 and had 2 match points against Fausto Gardini, but minutes later had to retire with cramps. Merlo lost in the Italian Open final again in 1957 (to Nicola Pietrangeli).

His other career highlights include winning the Reggio Calabria International tournament four times (1959–60, 1963, 1967)

He retired from competitive tennis in 1969 when he was 41 years old. He was 91 at the time of his death in July 2019.

Reggio Calabria International
The Reggio Calabria International  or Internazionale di Reggio Calabria was a men's and women's international clay court tennis tournament founded in 1959. It was played at the ASD "Rocco Polimeni" Tennis Club,  Reggio Calabria, Calabria, Italy. The tournament ran until 1970.
Switzerland at the Hopman Cup
Switzerland is a nation that has competed at the Hopman Cup tournament on thirteen occasions, the first being at the third annual staging in 1991. It won the tournament in 1992, 2001, 2018, and 2019, and was also runners-up in 1996, and 2023.

1992 Hopman Cup
The 1992 Hopman Cup was the fourth edition to the Hopman Cup tennis event. Jakob Hlasek and Manuela Maleeva-Fragnière (who mostly, but not in this case, played for Bulgaria) of Switzerland beat Helena Suková and Karel Nováček of Czechoslovakia in the final at the Burswood Entertainment Complex in Perth, Western Australia. The tournament took place between 27 December 1991 through 3 January 1992.
Nyren
Nyren is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Carl Nyrén (1917–2011), Swedish architect

John Nyren (1764–1837), English cricket player and author

Jonas Nyrén, Swedish metal vocalist

Njogu Demba-Nyrén (born 1979), Gambian football player

Pål Nyrén (born 1955), Swedish biochemist

Richard Nyren (1734–1797), English cricket player

Njogu Demba-Nyrén
Njogu Demba-Nyrén (born 26 June 1979) is a Gambian professional football coach and former player who is a staff member at Swedish Division 3 club Eskilstuna City. He has represented the Gambia at full international level. During his career, he has played in Sweden, Greece, Bulgaria, Denmark, Norway, and England.
Hösbach (river)
Hösbach is a river of Bavaria, Germany, at the market community Hösbach in the Aschaffenburg district in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia (Unterfranken).

It is about 5 km (3 mi) long and a right tributary of the Aschaff.

Regierungsbezirk
A Regierungsbezirk (German pronunciation: [ʁeˈɡiːʁʊŋsbəˌtsɪʁk] ⓘ, pl. Regierungsbezirke, German pronunciation: [ʁeˈɡiːʁʊŋsbəˌtsɪʁkə], lit. 'governmental district') is a type of administrative division in Germany. Currently, four of the sixteen Länder (states of Germany) are split into Regierungsbezirke, each in turn split into rural or urban districts.

Regierungsbezirke serve as regional mid-level local government units in four of Germany's sixteen states: Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia. Each of the nineteen Regierungsbezirke features a non-legislative governing body called a Regierungspräsidium (governing presidium) or Bezirksregierung (district government) headed by a Regierungspräsident (governing president), concerned mostly with administrative decisions on a local level for districts within its jurisdiction. Saxony has Direktionsbezirke (directorate districts) with more responsibilities shifted from the state parliament.