hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Pedagogical State
The Pedagogical State: Education and the Politics of National Culture in Post-1980 Turkey (2006) is a Stanford University Press book by anthropologist Sam Kaplan about influences on Turkey's educational curriculum, based on fieldwork in the village of Yayla.

Yayla (resort)
Yayla is a Turkic name given to settlements or areas which are suitable for summer mountain resorts and summer highland transhumance. The term is also cognate with the related Turkic term yaylak. Since in Oghuz languages the last -k or -ı(g) sounds generally drop as in examples such as yazı(g), dizi(g), dolu(g), ölü(g), with the last letter dropped as yayla (opposing to yaylak or yaylag), it is only in use in Turkish and other closely related languages such as Crimean Tatar, Gagauz, Balkan Turkish and Azerbaijani.
Fitjar IL
Fitjar Idrettslag is a Norwegian sports club from Fitjar Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It has sections for football, handball, track and field, orienteering, gymnastics, badminton and table tennis.

The club was founded on 6 March 1949. The men's football team currently resides in the Fifth Division (sixth tier). It last played in the Third Division in 2007.

Orienteering
Orienteering is a group of sports in which participants use a map and compass to navigate from point to point in unfamiliar terrain as quickly as possible.

The sport originated from military land-navigation training in the late 19th century. It has since evolved into several competitive forms where participants race against the clock and other competitors while navigating through checkpoints. Variants include automobile, underwater, mountain bike, ski, and trail orienteering. The most common form is foot orienteering, also known as FootO.

In formal foot-orienteering competitions, participants are given a specially prepared orienteering map, usually topographical, which they use to locate control points.

Orienteering is part of the World Games and the World Police and Fire Games.
EXOC3L2
Exocyst complex component 3-like 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EXOC3L2 gene.

The EXOC3L2 protein has been shown to interact with EXOC4 that is a component of the exocyst complex involved exocytosis and more specifically in the targeting of exocytic vesicles to the cell membrane.

The exocyst complex is important for several biological processes, such as the establishment of cell polarity and regulation of cell migration. The structure and functions of the exocyst complex are conserved from yeast to higher eukaryotes. Endothelial cells in blood vessels express high levels of EXOC3L2 that is required for proper VEGFR-2 signaling so that the endothelial cells can migrate towards the growth factor VEGF-A.

Kinase insert domain receptor
Kinase insert domain receptor (KDR, a type IV receptor tyrosine kinase) also known as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) is a VEGF receptor. KDR is the human gene encoding it. KDR has also been designated as CD309 (cluster of differentiation 309). KDR is also known as Flk1 (Fetal Liver Kinase 1).

The Q472H germline KDR genetic variant affects VEGFR-2 phosphorylation and has been found to associate with microvessel density in NSCLC.
Bloodbones
Bloodbones is a single-player roleplaying gamebook written by Jonathan Green and illustrated by Tony Hough. It forms part of Steve Jackson and Ian Livingstone's Fighting Fantasy series. The book was notorious for being the "lost" Fighting Fantasy gamebook, written during the books' original run but not published until 2006. It would have been 60th in the series in the original Puffin series had it been published at the time, and is 26th in the modern Wizard series.

Ian Livingstone
Sir Ian Livingstone CBE (born 29 December 1949) is an English fantasy author and entrepreneur. He co-founded Games Workshop in 1975 and helped create Eidos Interactive as executive chairman of Eidos Plc in 1995. Along with Steve Jackson, he is also the co-creator of the Fighting Fantasy series of role-playing gamebooks, and the author of many books within that series.
1911 United States House of Representatives elections
There were nine total elections to the United States House of Representatives in 1911 during the 62nd United States Congress. Two of them were to fill the seats for the new states of Arizona and New Mexico, and the other seven were special elections to fill vacancies.

62nd United States Congress
The 62nd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1911, to March 4, 1913, during the final two years of William H. Taft's presidency.

The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1900 United States census. Additional House seats were assigned to the two new states of New Mexico and Arizona. The size of the House was to be 435 starting with the new Congress coming into session in 1913. The Senate had a Republican majority, and the House flipped into a Democratic majority. This change of control ended the 14-year-long Republican government trifecta that began in the 55th Congress, one of only two trifectas that lasted longer than a decade.
Ulegyria
Ulegyria is a diagnosis used to describe a specific type of cortical scarring in the deep regions of the sulcus that leads to distortion of the gyri. Ulegyria is identified by its characteristic "mushroom-shaped" gyri, in which scarring causes shrinkage and atrophy in the deep sulcal regions while the surface gyri are spared. This condition is most often caused by hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in the perinatal period. The effects of ulegyria can range in severity, although it is most commonly associated with cerebral palsy, intellectual disability and epilepsy. N.C. Bresler was the first to view ulegyria in 1899 and described this abnormal morphology in the brain as “mushroom-gyri." Although ulegyria was first identified in 1899, there is still limited information known or reported about the condition.

Vertically transmitted infection
A vertically transmitted infection is an infection caused by pathogenic bacteria or viruses that use mother-to-child transmission, that is, transmission directly from the mother to an embryo, fetus, or baby during pregnancy or childbirth. It can occur when the mother has a  pre-existing disease or becomes infected during pregnancy. Nutritional deficiencies may exacerbate the risks of perinatal infections. Vertical transmission is important for the mathematical modelling of infectious diseases, especially for diseases of animals with large litter sizes, as it causes a wave of new infectious individuals.
Roza Amanova
Roza Amanova (born 23 February 1973) is a famous Kyrgyz singer. Dastanchy (folklore storyteller - dastan), composer, and komuz players. People's Artist of the Kyrgyz Republic (2009). Honored Artist of Kazakhstan (1998). Laureate of the State Prize of the Kyrgyz Republic named after Toktogul in literature, art, and architecture (2011). Member of the Union of Composers of the Kyrgyz Republic. Chairman of the Kyrgyz Traditional Music Foundation. Doctor of Art History, Professor (in Kyrgyz folk-professional traditional music).

Komuz
The komuz or qomuz (Kyrgyz: комуз Kyrgyz pronunciation: [qoˈmuz], Turkish: Kopuz, Azerbaijani: Qopuz) is an ancient fretless string instrument used in Central Asian music, related to certain other Turkic string instruments, the Mongolian tovshuur, and the lute.

The instrument can be found in Turkic ethnic groups, from China to Turkey. Forms of this instrument are used in China by the Naxi people and are called Huobusi, Hebisi , and Hunbusi.

It is the best-known national instrument and one of the better-known Kyrgyz national symbols.  The komuz is generally made from a single piece of wood (usually apricot or juniper) and has three strings traditionally made out of gut, and often from fishing line in modern times.

In the most common tunings the middle string is the highest in pitch.

Virtuosos frequently play the komuz in a variety of different positions: over the shoulder, between the knees and upside down.

An illustration of a komuz is featured on the reverse of the one-som note.
Synodontis ornatipinnis
Synodontis ornatipinnis, known as the barfin synodontis, is a species of upside-down catfish that is native to the Congo Basin of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia.  It was first described by British-Belgian zoologist George Albert Boulenger in 1899, from specimens collected in Mbandaka, on the Congo River in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo.  The species name ornatipinnis means "ornate fins".

George Albert Boulenger
George Albert Boulenger FRS (19 October 1858 – 23 November 1937) was a Belgian-British zoologist who described and gave scientific names to over 2,000 new animal species, chiefly fish, reptiles, and amphibians. Boulenger was also an active botanist during the last 30 years of his life, especially in the study of roses.
Sinking Island
Sinking Island (French: L'Île noyée, lit. 'The Drowned Island') is a third-person perspective adventure game that uses point and click game mechanics. It was released in France on October 4, 2007, and in the United States on August 12, 2008. It was developed by White Birds Productions, a company founded and led by Benoît Sokal.

Point and click
Point and click are one of the actions of a computer user moving a pointer to a certain location on a screen (pointing) and then pressing a button on a mouse or other pointing device (click). An example of point and click is in hypermedia, where users click on hyperlinks to navigate from document to document. User interfaces, for example graphical user interfaces, are sometimes described as "point-and-click interfaces", often to suggest that they are very easy to use, requiring that the user simply point to indicate their wishes. Describing software this way implies that the interface can be controlled solely through a pointing device with little or no input from the keyboard, as with many graphical user interfaces.

In some systems, such as Internet Explorer, moving the pointer over a link (or other GUI control) and waiting for a split-second will cause a tooltip to be displayed.
The Tenth Level
The Tenth Level is a 1976 American made-for-television drama film movie starring William Shatner.  Inspired by the Stanley Milgram obedience research, this TV movie chronicles a psychology professor's study to determine why people, such as the Nazis, were willing to "just follow orders" and do horrible things to others. Professor Stephen Turner (Shatner) leads students to believe that they are applying increasingly painful electric shocks to other subjects when they fail to perform a task correctly, and is alarmed to see how much pain the students can be convinced to inflict "in the name of science".

In the movie dramatization there were actually 25 levels of increasing voltage and pain. However, the so-called tenth level was significant in that it was always the first time in which the actual test subject heard the other (false) test subject cry out in pain.

It was the TV debuts of Stephen Macht and Lindsay Crouse, and John Travolta has an uncredited part as a student.

Lindsay Crouse
Lindsay Ann Crouse (born May 12, 1948) is an American actress. She made her Broadway debut in the 1972 revival of Much Ado About Nothing and appeared in her first film in 1976 in All the President's Men. For her role in the 1984 film Places in the Heart, she received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress. Her other films include Slap Shot (1977), Between the Lines (1977), The Verdict (1982), Prefontaine (1997), and The Insider (1999). She also had a leading role in the 1987 film House of Games, which was directed by her then-husband David Mamet. In 1996, she received a Daytime Emmy Award nomination for "Between Mother and Daughter", a CBS Schoolbreak Special episode. She is also a Grammy Award nominee.
Thalictrum sparsiflorum
Thalictrum sparsiflorum is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family known by the common name fewflower meadow-rue. It is native to northwestern North America and parts of northeastern Asia. It grows in moist habitat, such as streambanks and forest understory. It is a perennial herb producing erect stems up to about a meter in maximum height. The leaves have compound blades divided into a few or many segments which are borne on long, slender petioles. The blades are usually finely hairy and glandular. The inflorescence is a leafy panicle of flowers. Unlike some other Thalictrum species which are dioecious, this species has bisexual flowers. Each has a calyx of five greenish sepals, and up to 20 light-colored dangling stamens tipped with large anthers. The flowers develop into compressed, beaked fruits.

Unlike some Thalictrum species, it is pollinated by insects rather than wind.

Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae (/rənʌŋkjuːˈleɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/ rə-nung-kew-LAY-see-e(y)e, buttercup or crowfoot family; Latin rānunculus "little frog", from rāna "frog") is a large family of flowering plants, distributed worldwide.

As of February 2026, World Flora Online accepted 53 genera and over 3,700 species. The largest genera are Ranunculus with more than 1,600 species, Delphinium with more than 500, and Clematis with almost 400.
Yoshie Taira
Yoshie Taira (平 淑恵, Taira Yoshie) (born October 12, 1954, in Obihiro, Hokkaido) is a Japanese actress.  She graduated from St. Margaret's Junior College in Suginami, Tokyo.

From 1985 to 1999, she was a costar in the TBS prime-time television series Ōoka Echizen in the role of Yukie, the wife of Ōoka Tadasuke. She has also appeared in many other jidaigeki, including Gokenin Zankurō, Mito Kōmon, and Abarenbō Shōgun. Stage roles have included Akai Tsuki, Nemuri Hime, Koi Yamabiko, Benkei, Shishi o Kau – Rikyū to Hideyoshi, Zenigata Heiji, Kawaite Sōrō and many others. As a voice actress, she dubbed the mother in Doogie Howser, M.D., Amy Hasting in an episode of The New Perry Mason, and Abigail Bartlet in The West Wing. Taira has also appeared in films, and in television commercials for Yōmeishu and Kao.

She is married to filmmaker Rintaro Mayuzumi (m. 1989), the son of composer Toshiro Mayuzumi and actress Yōko Katsuragi.

Sen no Rikyū
Sen no Rikyū (Japanese: 千 利休; 1522 – April 21, 1591), also known simply as Rikyū, was a Japanese tea master considered the most important influence on the Japanese tea ceremony, particularly the tradition of wabi-cha. He was also the first to emphasize several key aspects of the ceremony, including rustic simplicity, directness of approach and honesty of self. Originating from the Sengoku and Azuchi–Momoyama periods, these aspects of the tea ceremony persist.

There are three iemoto or sōke ('head houses') of tea ceremony, that are directly descended from Rikyū: the Omotesenke, Urasenke, and Mushakōjisenke, all three of which are dedicated to passing forward the teachings of their mutual family founder, Rikyū. They are collectively referred to as san senke.
1986 Baltimore Orioles season
The 1987 Baltimore Orioles season was the 86th season in Baltimore Orioles franchise history, the 33rd in Baltimore, and the 33rd at Memorial Stadium. The Orioles finished seventh in the American League East with a record of 73 wins and 89 losses. On August 5, the Orioles were in second place with a record of 59–47, just 2.5 games out of first place, but the Orioles would lose 42 of their final 56 games to finish in last place in the AL East.

1986 Major League Baseball draft
The 1986 Major League Baseball draft was the 22nd MLB draft that took place in 1986. During this draft 21 future all-stars were drafted: Greg Swindell, Matt Williams, Kevin Brown, Gary Sheffield, Roberto Hernández, Jack Armstrong, Dean Palmer, Scott Cooper, Kent Bottenfield, Bo Jackson, Joe Girardi, Pat Hentgen, Tom Gordon, Steve Finley, Rod Beck, Chuck Knoblauch, Rick Reed, Paul Quantrill, John Olerud, Scott Erickson and Todd Jones.
Alabama Great Southern Railroad
The Alabama Great Southern Railroad (reporting mark AGS) is a railroad in the U.S. states of Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee. It is an operating subsidiary of the Norfolk Southern Corporation (NS), running southwest from Chattanooga (where it connects with the similarly owned Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway) to New Orleans through Birmingham and Meridian. The AGS also owns about a 30% interest in the Canadian Pacific Kansas City-controlled Meridian-Shreveport Meridian Speedway.

In 1970 AGS reported 3854 million net ton-miles (5627 million net tonne-kilometers) of revenue freight and 105 million passenger miles (169 million passenger kilometers); at the end of that year it operated 528 miles (850 km) of road and 1,084 miles (1,745 km) of track. (Those totals do not include Class II subsidiary Louisiana Southern.)

Canadian Pacific Kansas City
Canadian Pacific Kansas City Limited, doing business as CPKC (known as Canadian Pacific Railway Limited until 2023), is a Canadian Class I freight railway, headquartered in Calgary. It operates about 32,000 kilometres (20,000 mi) of rail in Canada, Mexico, and the United States, and is the only single-line rail corporation ever to connect the three countries.
Sepioloidea magna
Sepioloidea magna is a species of cephalopod, more precisely a bottletail squid, of the family Sepiadariidae, indigenous to the waters off northern Australia. It was described by Amanda Reid in 2009 from specimens which were found in the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory in Darwin, Northern Territory. It differs from its congeners in the genus Sepioloidea in its larger size, its modified hectocotylus, the number of tentacular club suckers and the absence of an obvious colour pattern It has been recorded from relatively deep water, between 225m and 300m, in the Arafura Sea north of Darwin, Australia, and south of the eastern Indonesian islands of Tanimbar. Other specimens identified as Sepioloidea and occurring at similar depths, from the North West Shelf, Scott Reef and the Timor Sea probably also represent this species.

Arafura Sea
The Arafura Sea, also known as the Arafuru Sea, lies west of the Pacific Ocean, overlying the continental shelf between Australia and Western New Guinea (also called Papua), which is the Indonesian part of the Island of New Guinea.
Kuabang Airport
Kuabang Airport (IATA: KAZ, ICAO: WAEK), also known as Kao Airport, is an airport located near Jati village, serving the coastal town of Kao, North Halmahera Regency, North Maluku, Indonesia. The airport has a runway size of 1,950 by 45 metres (6,398 ft × 148 ft), which can accommodate narrow-body aircraft such as the Boeing 737 Classic. The distance from the airport to Tobelo is about 75 kilometres (47 mi) and takes about 2 hours by road. The airport only serves daily domestic flights to Manado operated by Wings Air using the ATR-72 aircraft.

The airport was originally built by the Empire of Japan at the midst of the Pacific War of World War II. After the Japanese surrendered, the airport was neglected for several years before the Indonesian Ministry of Transportation decided to reactivate the airport to improve air connection to the surrounding area. In 1972, a CN-235 successfully landed smoothly on the airport runway, marking the completion of the reactivation of the airport.

Tobelo
Tobelo is a town and a district on the eastern Indonesian island of Halmahera. It is the capital of the regency (kabupaten) of North Halmahera, part of the province of North Maluku. The town was formalised as the capital of North Halmahera in the district elections held in 2004. It had a population of 34,150 at the 2020 Census. A palm tree lined coastal road connects Tobelo to Galela. The town is predominantly Muslim with a large Christian minority and a Protestant Church has existed in Tobelo since at least 1924.
Midnight Special (song)
"Midnight Special" (Roud 6364) is a traditional folk song thought to have originated among prisoners in the American South. The song refers to the passenger train Midnight Special and its "ever-loving light."

The song is historically performed in the country-blues style from the viewpoint of the prisoner and has been performed by many artists.

Carl Sandburg
Carl August Sandburg (January 6, 1878 – July 22, 1967) was an American poet, biographer, journalist, and editor.  He won three Pulitzer Prizes: two for his poetry and one for his biography of Abraham Lincoln. During his lifetime, Sandburg was widely regarded as "a major figure in contemporary literature", especially for volumes of his collected verse, including Chicago Poems (1916), Cornhuskers (1918), and Smoke and Steel (1920). He enjoyed "unrivaled appeal as a poet in his day, perhaps because the breadth of his experiences connected him with so many strands of American life". When he died in 1967, President Lyndon B. Johnson observed that "Carl Sandburg was more than the voice of America, more than the poet of its strength and genius. He was America."
Wilmer Ewell
Wilmer Thomas Ewell (October 15, 1895 – June 9, 1966), alternately spelled "Euell", was an American Negro league catcher in the 1920s.

A native of Milford, Ohio, Ewell made his Negro leagues debut in 1925 with the Indianapolis ABCs, and played for the ABCs again the following season. He died in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1966 at age 70.

Indianapolis ABCs
The Indianapolis ABCs were a Negro league baseball team that played both as an independent club and as a charter member of the first Negro National League (NNL).  They claimed the western championship of black baseball in 1915 and 1916, and finished second in the 1922 NNL.  Among their best players were Baseball Hall of Fame members Oscar Charleston, Biz Mackey,  and Ben Taylor.
2005 Angola Cup
The 2005 Taça de Angola was the 24th edition of the Taça de Angola, the second most important and the top knock-out football club competition following the Girabola. ASA beat Interclube 1–0 in the final to secure its third title.

Interclube, the runner-up, qualified to the CAF Confederation Cup since ASA, the winner, contested the CAF Champions League in their capacity as the Girabola runner-up.

Girabola
Girabola, or Campeonato Nacional de Futebol de Séniores Masculinos, is the top division of Angolan football. It is organized by the Angolan Football Federation.

The term "Girabola" (lit. 'spin ball') is a creation of the nationalist, radio broadcaster and sports reporter Rui Carvalho, in 1972, at a time when the Angolan championship was still officially called "Campeonato do Estado Ultramarino de Angola". The name "Girabola" differentiated the competition from the other overseas provinces and was a subtle form of anti-colonial protest.

The league winner and runner-up qualify for the CAF Champions League.
Besse-et-Saint-Anastaise
Besse-et-Saint-Anastaise (French pronunciation: [bɛs e sɛ̃.t‿anastɛz]; Occitan: Bèssa), also known as Besse-en-Chandesse (its official name from 2 April 1961 to 1 July 1973), or Besse (its name before 1961), is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

The nearby ski resort of Super-Besse hosted the first mountain finish of the 2008 Tour de France.

2008 Tour de France
The 2008 Tour de France was the 95th running of the race. The event took place from 5 to 27 July. Starting in the French city of Brest, the tour entered Italy on the 15th stage and returned to France during the 16th, heading for Paris, its regular final destination, which was reached in the 21st stage. The race was won by Carlos Sastre.

Unlike previous years, time bonuses were no longer awarded for intermediate sprints and for high placement on each stage. This altered the way the General Classification was awarded in comparison to previous seasons.