hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1845 Stamford by-election
The 1845 Stamford by-election was a Ministerial by-election held on 10 February 1845, after the seat was vacated, upon the appointment of the incumbent Conservative MP George Clerk,as Master of the Mint. Clerk was re-elected unopposed, by established convention.

Master of the Mint
Master of the Mint is a title within the Royal Mint given to the most senior person responsible for its operation. It was an office in the governments of Scotland and England, and later Great Britain and then the United Kingdom, between the 16th and 19th centuries. Until 1699, the appointment was usually for life. Its holder occasionally sat in the cabinet.

During the interregnum (1643–1660), the last Master of the Mint to Charles I, Sir Robert Harley, transferred his allegiance to Parliament and remained in office. After his death in 1656, Aaron Guerdon was appointed.

In 1870 the role was amalgamated into the office of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, making the Chancellor, by virtue of her position, the Master of the Mint. The duty of running the mint was given to the Deputy Master of the Mint; who is now the mint's Chief Executive.
Elmer and Elsie (robots)
Elmer and Elsie (ELectroMEchanical Robot, Light-Sensitive) were two electronic robots that were built in the late 1940s by neurobiologist and cybernetician William Grey Walter. They were the first robots in history that were programmed to "think". Elmer and Elsie were often labeled as tortoises because of how they were shaped and the manner in which they moved. They were capable of phototaxis, which is the movement that occurs in response to light stimulus.

Phototaxis
Phototaxis is a kind of taxis, or locomotory movement, that occurs when a whole organism moves towards or away from a stimulus of light. This is advantageous for phototrophic organisms as they can orient themselves most efficiently to receive light for photosynthesis. Phototaxis is called positive if the movement is in the direction of increasing light intensity and negative if the direction is opposite.

Phototaxis has been described in microorganisms and algea, insects and other invertebrates, and vertebrates. Typically nocturnal insects can show positive phototaxis, while nocturnal mammals often show negative phototaxis.
USS Abingdon
PC-1237 was a PC-461-class submarine chaser in the service of the United States Navy. She was later given the name Abingdon after the town of Abingdon, Virginia.

PC-1237, hull No. 3141, was laid down on 14 February 1943 at Consolidated Shipbuilding Corp., in Morris Heights, New York; launched on 3 April 1943, sponsored by Mrs. David Challinor; and commissioned at the New York Navy Yard on 26 July 1943 with Lieutenant J. F. Weller, Jr., USNR, in command.

Morris Heights, Bronx
Morris Heights is a residential neighborhood located in the West Bronx. Its boundaries, starting from the north and moving clockwise are: West Burnside Avenue to the north, Jerome Avenue to the east, the Cross-Bronx Expressway to the south, and the Harlem River to the west. University Avenue is the primary thoroughfare through Morris Heights.

The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community Board 5, and its ZIP Codes include 10452 and 10453. The area is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 46th Precinct. New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) property in the area is patrolled by P.S.A. 7 at 737 Melrose Avenue in the Melrose section of the Bronx.
Schlieren
Schlieren (/ˈʃlɪərən/ SHLEER-ən; German: [ˈʃliːʁn̩] ⓘ, German for 'streaks') are optical inhomogeneities in transparent media that are not necessarily visible to the human eye. Schlieren physics developed out of the need to produce high-quality lenses devoid of such inhomogeneities. These inhomogeneities are localized differences in optical path length that cause deviations of light rays, especially by refraction. This light deviation can produce localized brightening, darkening, or even color changes in an image, depending on the directions the rays deviate.

Ray (optics)
In optics, a ray is an idealized geometrical model of light or other electromagnetic radiation, obtained by choosing a curve that is perpendicular to the wavefronts of the actual light, and that points in the direction of energy flow.  Rays are used to model the propagation of light through an optical system, by dividing the real light field up into discrete rays that can be computationally propagated through the system by the techniques of ray tracing. This allows even very complex optical systems to be analyzed mathematically or simulated by computer.  Ray tracing uses approximate solutions to Maxwell's equations that are valid as long as the light waves propagate through and around objects whose dimensions are much greater than the light's wavelength.  Ray optics or geometrical optics does not describe phenomena such as diffraction, which require wave optics theory. Some wave phenomena such as interference can be modeled in limited circumstances by adding phase to the ray model.
County of Wernigerode
The County of Wernigerode (German: Grafschaft Wernigerode) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire which arose in the Harzgau region of the former Duchy of Saxony, at the northern foot of the Harz mountain range. The comital residence was at Wernigerode, now part of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. The county was ruled by a branch of the House of Stolberg from 1429 until its mediatization to the Kingdom of Prussia in 1806. Nevertheless, the county remained in existence - with one short interruption - until the dissolution of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1918.

Harz
The Harz (German: [haːɐ̯ts] ⓘ), also called the Harz Mountains, is a highland area in northern Germany. It has the highest elevations for that region, and its rugged terrain extends across parts of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia. The name Harz derives from the Middle High German word Hardt or Hart (hill forest). The name Hercynia derives from a Celtic name and could refer to other mountain forests, but has also been applied to the geology of the Harz. The Brocken is the highest summit in the Harz with an elevation of 1,141.1 metres (3,744 ft) above sea level. The Wurmberg (971 metres (3,186 ft)) is the highest peak located entirely within the state of Lower Saxony.
Mandolin playing traditions worldwide
Following its invention and development in Italy, the mandolin spread throughout the European continent. The instrument was primarily used in a classical tradition with mandolin orchestras, so called Estudiantinas or in Germany Zupforchestern, appearing in many cities. Following this continental popularity of the mandolin family, local traditions appeared outside Europe in the Americas and in Japan. Travelling mandolin virtuosi like Carlo Curti, Giuseppe Pettine, Raffaele Calace and Silvio Ranieri contributed to the mandolin becoming a "fad" instrument in the early 20th century. This "mandolin craze" was fading by the 1930s, but just as this practice was falling into disuse, the mandolin found a new niche in American country, old-time music, bluegrass and folk music. More recently, the Baroque and Classical mandolin repertory and styles have benefited from the raised awareness of and interest in Early music.

Samuel Siegel
Samuel Siegel (born 1875, Des Moines, Iowa — died January 14, 1948, Los Angeles, California) was an American mandolin virtuoso and composer who played mandolin on 29 records for Victor Records, including 9 pieces of his own composition and two that he arranged. Siegel was the first mandolinist to record on Emile Berliner's phonograph disk-records. He was labeled "America's Greatest Mandoline Virtuoso" and "The King of the Mandolin" in the May 1900 Banjo World.

Siegel performed both in vaudeville, as well as in concert halls. He had no formal training in music, but saw that the mandolin needed original music, rather than relying on the transcribed violin music. His compositions and arrangements were well known in his day.

He was the author of Siegel's Special Mandolin Studies, published by Joseph W. Stern & Co., 1901, in which he covered left-hand Pizzicato and harmonic duo style.
Akihasan Hongū Akiha Shrine
The Akihasan Hongū Akiha Jinja (秋葉山本宮秋葉神社) is a Shinto shrine in Tenryū-ku, Hamamatsu (the former town of Haruno in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan). The shrine is located near the summit of Mount Akiha, on the southern slopes of the Akaishi Mountains. It is the head shrine of the 800 Akiha shrines around the country.

The main festival of the shrine is held annually over three nights in December, and features ceremonies using huge flares and other fireworks.

Haruno, Shizuoka
Haruno (春野町, Haruno-chō) was a town located in Shūchi District, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. Haruno was founded as a town on September 30, 1956.

As of June 1, 2005, the town had an estimated population of 5,953 and a density of 23.6 persons per km2. The total area was 252.17 km2. Mount Akiba was located within the town limits.

On July 1, 2005, Haruno, along with the cities of Tenryū and Hamakita, the towns of Hosoe, Inasa and Mikkabi (all from Inasa District), the towns of Misakubo and Sakuma, the village of Tatsuyama (all from Iwata District), and the towns of Maisaka and Yūtō (both from Hamana District), was merged into the expanded city of Hamamatsu, and is now part of Tenryū-ku, Hamamatsu.
Halcyon (TV series)
Halcyon is a science fiction television series that debuted September 2016 on the Syfy network. The show was billed as a "virtual reality series", consisting of both traditional televised content and 3D/VR media which could be experienced on devices such as the Oculus Rift and Gear VR. The series was produced by production company Secret Location and directed by Benjamin Arfmann. The show ran for 15 episodes, including ten "short form" traditional digital broadcasts, and an additional five episodes of interactive virtual reality. The show stars Lisa Marcos as Jules Dover, a detective using a VI implant to solve murders.

Samsung Gear VR
The Samsung Gear VR is a virtual reality headset developed by Samsung Electronics, in collaboration with Oculus VR, and manufactured by Samsung. The headset was released on August 21, 2015.

When in use, a compatible Samsung Galaxy device acts as the headset's display and processor, while the Gear VR unit itself acts as the controller, which contains the field of view, as well as a custom inertial measurement unit, or IMU, for rotational tracking, which connects to the smartphone via USB-C or micro-USB. The Gear VR headset also includes a touchpad and back button on the side, as well as a proximity sensor to detect when the headset is on.

The Gear VR was first announced on September 3, 2014. To allow developers to create content for the Gear VR and to allow VR and technology enthusiasts to get early access to the technology, Samsung had released two innovator editions of the Gear VR before the consumer version.
Jeeser station
Jeeser (German: Bahnhof Jeeser) is a railway station in the village of Jeeser, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. The station lies on the Angermünde-Stralsund railway and the train services are operated by Ostdeutsche Eisenbahn.

Ostdeutsche Eisenbahn
Ostdeutsche Eisenbahn GmbH (ODEG; literally 'East German Railway') is a joint venture, founded in June 2002, of the Prignitzer Eisenbahn (part of the Netinera Group) and BeNEX, with each company owning 50% of the joint venture. It operates passenger services on eleven railway lines in Berlin, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt; the system is so named because all the States it services, apart from the western half of Berlin, were part of East Germany.
2010 BNP Paribas Open – Men's singles
Ivan Ljubičić defeated Andy Roddick in the final, 7–6(7–3), 7–6(7–5) to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2010 Indian Wells Masters. It was his first and only Masters title (following three previous runner-up finishes), making him the oldest maiden Masters champion.

Rafael Nadal was the defending champion, but lost to Ljubičić in the semifinals. Until the 2014 Australian Open, this was the last occasion where a player other than the Big Four won a title when each of the Big Four were competing.

Ricardo Mello
Ricardo Mello (born 21 December 1980) is a Brazilian retired tennis player. His preference is for clay courts. He has had the occasional win in hard court tournaments. His best singles rank was No. 50 in 2005. He won one singles tournament (Delray Beach in 2004) and reached the semifinals three times at the Brasil Open. He played most of his tennis in Challenger tournaments, where he won 15 singles titles and three doubles titles.
Harkins
Harkins is an Irish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Brett Harkins (born 1970), ice hockey player

Gary Harkins (born 1985), Scottish footballer

George W. Harkins (1810–1890), Native American leader, a chief of the Choctaw tribe during the Indian removals

James M. Harkins (born 1953), American politician

Jansen Harkins (born 1997), American ice hockey player

John Harkins (actor) (1932–1999)

John Harkins (baseball) (1859–1940), American baseball player

John Harkins (footballer) (1881–1916), Scottish footballer

Josh Harkins (born 1974), American politician

Lida E. Harkins, American politician

Pat Harkins (born 1963), American politician

Paul D. Harkins (1904–1984), U.S. General, first commander of Military Assistance Command Vietnam (MACV)

Todd Harkins (born 1968), American ice hockey player

William Draper Harkins (1873–1951), American chemist

James M. Harkins
James Harkins (born December 29, 1953) is an American politician who served as Director of Maryland Environmental Services from 2005 until March 2016. He also is a former Harford County Executive and Delegate for District 35A. In December 2019, Maryland Governor Larry Hogan appointed Harkins to the University of Maryland Medical System board of directors.
Makutamleni Maharaju
Makutamleni Maharaju (transl. Emperor Without a Crown) is a 1987 Telugu-language action drama film directed by K. Bapayya. Produced by B. V. S. N. Prasad, the film stars Krishna, Sridevi, Rajendra Prasad, and Chandra Mohan with music composed by Chakravarthy. The film was remade in Hindi as Amiri Garibi (1990).

K. Bapayya
Kovelamudi Bapayya, known as K. Bapayya, is an Indian film director. He has directed about 80 films in Telugu and Hindi languages. He is the cousin of noted director K. Raghavendra Rao and nephew of director and producer K. S. Prakash Rao.
Altentreptow
Altentreptow (German pronunciation: [altn̩ˈtʁeːpto] ⓘ) is a town in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. It is situated on the river Tollense in Western Pomerania, 15 km north of Neubrandenburg. Until 1939 the city's name was Treptow an der Tollense.

Tollense
The Tollense (German pronunciation: [tɔˈlɛnzə], from Slavic dolenica "lowland, (flat) valley") is a river in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in northeastern Germany, right tributary of the Peene. It has a total length of 95.8 km.

The upper course begins near a small lake named Mürzsee, near the village of Blumenholz. A part of it is traditionally called Ziemenbach, flowing to lake Lieps. From this lake to Lake Tollense (Tollensesee) it is nowadays called Liepskanal. The section from Lake Tollense to the junction with the Peene river near Demmin has a length of 68 km. At this junction, the discharge and basin of Tollense is larger than the discharge and upstream basin of Peene river.

The first kilometer of the outflow in Neubrandenburg is called Oberbach. Afterwards, it is reached by two major tributaries, Linde river from the east and Malliner Wasser from the west. The middling section of Tollense river is joined to Zarow river by three different Pseudo-bifurcations.
Spanish diaspora in Equatorial Guinea
The Spanish diaspora in Equatorial Guinea is made of people of  Spanish ancestral origin who are residents born or living in Equatorial Guinea. This group is closely linked with the Fernandino people, a creole people who developed Spanish Guinea and Equatorial Guinea, mostly in Bioko island (historically named Fernando Po).

Bioko
Bioko (/biːˈoʊkoʊ/; Spanish: [biˈoko] ⓘ; Bube: Ëtulá a Ëri; historically known as Fernando Pó, European Portuguese pronunciation: [fɨɾˈnɐ̃.dʊ ˈpɔ]) is an island of Equatorial Guinea. It is located 32 km (20 mi) south of the coast of Cameroon, and 160 km (99 mi) northwest of the northernmost part of mainland Equatorial Guinea. Malabo, on the north coast of the island, is the former capital city of Equatorial Guinea. Bioko's population was 335,048 at the 2015 census and it covers an area of 2,017 km2 (779 sq mi), making it the fourth largest island in Africa (after Madagascar, Socotra and Tenerife). The island is part of the Cameroon line of volcanoes and is located off the Cameroon coast, in the Bight of Biafra portion of the Gulf of Guinea. Its geology is volcanic; its highest peak is Pico Basile at 3,012 m (9,882 ft).
Sinka Sebesi
Sinka Sebesi, also known as Sinka, son of Thomas (Hungarian: Tamás fia Sinka; killed in action in July 1321), was a Hungarian medieval soldier and nobleman at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries. He distinguished himself in various royal campaigns since the reign of Andrew III of Hungary. He actively participated in the unification war of Charles I of Hungary against the oligarchic domains.

Oligarch (Kingdom of Hungary)
An oligarch or provincial lord (Hungarian: tartományúr) was a powerful lord who administered huge contiguous territories through usurping royal prerogatives in the Kingdom of Hungary in the late 13th and the early 14th centuries. The term petty king used to be used as well.
Gianni Basso
Gianni Basso,  (24 May 1931 – 17 August 2009), was an Italian jazz tenor saxophonist, who was influenced by Stan Getz.

He was born in Asti, Italy. He started his career shortly after World War II, at first as a clarinetist, then switching to the saxophone in the Belgian Raoul Faisant's Big Band. Basso worked with a number of touring American jazz musicians, including Chet Baker, Buddy Collette, Slide Hampton, Maynard Ferguson, Phil Woods and Gerry Mulligan.

Chet Baker
Chesney Henry "Chet" Baker Jr. (December 23, 1929 – May 13, 1988) was an American jazz trumpeter and vocalist. He is known for major innovations in cool jazz that led him to be nicknamed the "Prince of Cool".

Baker earned much attention and critical praise through the 1950s, particularly for albums featuring his vocals: Chet Baker Sings (1954) and It Could Happen to You (1958). Jazz historian Dave Gelly described the promise of Baker's early career as "James Dean, Sinatra, and Bix, rolled into one". His well-publicized drug habit also drove his notoriety and fame. Baker was in and out of jail frequently before enjoying a career resurgence in the late 1970s and 1980s.
John Le Hunte
John Le Hunte (1658–1697) was an Anglican priest.

Le Hunte was born in County Tipperary and educated at Trinity College, Dublin. 
 He was Chancellor of Cashel Cathedral and Archdeacon of Emly from 1682 until his death.

Chancellor
Chancellor (Latin: cancellarius) is a title of various official positions in the governments of many countries. The original chancellors were the cancellarii of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the cancelli (lattice work screens) of a basilica (court hall), which separated the judge and counsel from the audience. A chancellor's office is called a chancellery or chancery. The word is now used in the titles of many various officers in various settings (government, education, religion). Nowadays, the term is most often used to describe:

The head of the government

A person in charge of foreign affairs

A person with duties related to justice

A person in charge of financial and economic issues

The head of a university
Pyramid of Cestius
The pyramid of Cestius (in Italian, Piramide di Caio Cestio or Piramide Cestia) is an ancient Roman pyramid in Rome, Italy, near the Porta San Paolo and the Protestant Cemetery. It was built in the style of the Nubian pyramids as a tomb for Gaius Cestius, a member of the Epulones religious corporation. It stands at a fork between two ancient roads, the Via Ostiensis and another road that ran west to the Tiber along the approximate line of the modern Via Marmorata. Due to its incorporation into the city's fortifications, it is today one of the best-preserved ancient buildings in Rome.

Via Ostiensis
The Via Ostiensis (Italian: via Ostiense) was an important road in ancient Rome. It runs west 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the city of Rome to its important sea port of Ostia Antica, from which it took its name. The road began near the Forum Boarium, ran between the Aventine Hill and the Tiber River along its left (eastern) bank, and left the city's Servian Walls through the Porta Trigemina. When the later Aurelian Walls were built, the road left the city through the Porta Ostiensis (Porta San Paolo). In the Late Roman Empire, trade suffered under an economic crisis, and Ostia declined as an important port. With the accompanying growth of importance of the Via Portuensis from the time of Constantine onwards, that of the Via Ostiensis correspondingly decreased.
Robert L. Edmonson II
Robert L. Edmonson II (born 1966) is a retired United States Army two-star general who last served as the Commanding General of the United States Army Communications-Electronics Command and Senior Commander of Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland from August 6, 2021, to June 7, 2024.

Aberdeen Proving Ground
Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG) is a U.S. Army facility located adjacent to Aberdeen, Maryland, United States. More than 7,500 civilians and 5,000 military personnel work at APG. There are 11 major commands among the tenant units, including:

United States Army Communications-Electronics Command (CECOM)

United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM)

United States Army Test and Evaluation Command (ATEC)

Edgewood Arsenal

Adelphi Laboratory Center
The Army Reserve Information Operations Command
Unified Cross Domain Services Management Office
HQ, U.S. Army Contracting Command (Army Contracting Command –APG, Adelphi Contracting Division)
U.S. Army 93rd Signal Network - Network Enterprise Center
Logistics Readiness Center
U.S. Army Cyber Operation Group – 335th Signal Command
Blossom Point Research Facility
Toledo Bend Reservoir
Toledo Bend Reservoir is a reservoir on the Sabine River between Texas and Louisiana. The lake has an area of 185,000 acres (750 km2), the largest man-made body of water partially in both Louisiana and Texas, the largest in the South, and the fifth largest by surface acre in the United States. The dam is capable of generating 92 megawatts of electrical power. The dam itself is located in the northeast corner of Newton County, Texas; however, that county includes very little of the reservoir, as most of it extends northward into parts of Sabine and DeSoto parishes in Louisiana, and Sabine, Shelby, and Panola counties in Texas.

Shelby County, Texas
Shelby County is a county located in the far eastern portion of the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 24,022. Its county seat is Center. The county was established in 1835 as a municipality of Mexico and organized as a county in 1837. It is named for Isaac Shelby, a soldier in the American Revolution who became the first governor of Kentucky.
Kutasi
Kutasi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

György Kutasi (1910–1977), Hungarian water polo player

Lajos Kutasi (1915–?), Hungarian field handball player

Róbert Kutasi (died 2012), former chairman of Rákospalotai EAC

György Kutasi
György Kutasi (September 16, 1910 – June 29, 1977) was a Hungarian water polo player who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.

He was part of the Hungarian team which won the gold medal. He played one match as goalkeeper.