hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hiram Norton
Hiram Norton (c. 1799 – 1875) was a merchant and political figure in Upper Canada.

He was born in Vermont around 1799 and settled in Prescott, Ontario. In 1833, he became a justice of the peace in the Johnstown District. He represented Grenville in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada from 1831 to 1838 as a Reformer. During the 1830s, he operated a stage coach between Montreal and Toronto with Barnabas Dickinson, the father of Moss Kent Dickinson. At the time of the Upper Canada Rebellion, he left Upper Canada and settled in Lockport, Illinois. Norton became an important industrialist, operating a water-powered flour mill drawing power from the Illinois and Michigan Canal. He died in Lockport in 1875.

Reform movement (Upper Canada)
The Reform movement in Upper Canada was a political movement in British North America in the mid-19th century.

It started as a rudimentary grouping of loose coalitions that formed around contentious issues. Support was gained in Parliament through petitions meant to sway MPs. However, organized Reform activity emerged in the 1830s when Reformers, like Robert Randal, Jesse Ketchum, Peter Perry, Marshall Spring Bidwell, and William Warren Baldwin, began to emulate the organizational forms of the British Reform Movement and organized Political Unions under the leadership of William Lyon Mackenzie. The British Political Unions had successfully petitioned for the Great Reform Act 1832 that eliminated much political corruption in the British parliamentary system. Those who adopted these new forms of public mobilization for democratic reform in Upper Canada were inspired by the more radical Owenite Socialists who led the British Chartist and Mechanics Institute movements.
Goh Pei Ming
Goh Pei Ming (born 1982) is a Singaporean politician who has been serving as Minister of State for Social and Family Development, and Minister of State for Home Affairs since 2025. A member of the ruling People's Action Party (PAP), he is a Member of Parliament representing Marine Parade–Braddell Heights Group Representation Constituency (GRC) for the 15th Parliament of Singapore after a walkover was declared for the constituency in the 2025 Singaporean general election. Goh represents the division of Marine Parade in his constituency, taking over from Manpower Minister Tan See Leng who was moved to Chua Chu Kang GRC.

Chua Chu Kang Group Representation Constituency
1°21′25″N 103°45′10″E﻿ / ﻿1.3570551°N 103.7529097°E﻿ / 1.3570551; 103.7529097

The Chua Chu Kang Group Representation Constituency is a four-member group representation constituency (GRC) located in western Singapore. It has four divisions: Brickland–Tengah, Chua Chu Kang, Keat Hong and Tengah, managed by Chua Chu Kang Town Council. The current Members of Parliament (MPs) for the constituency are Choo Pei Ling, Jeffrey Siow , Tan See Leng and Zhulkarnain Abdul Rahim from the governing People's Action Party (PAP).
Happy Go Lucky (1943 film)
Happy Go Lucky  is a 1943 American comedy film directed by Curtis Bernhardt and written by Walter DeLeon, Melvin Frank, John Jacoby and Norman Panama. The film stars Mary Martin, Dick Powell, Betty Hutton, Eddie Bracken, Rudy Vallée, Mabel Paige and Eric Blore. The film was released on January 4, 1943, by Paramount Pictures.  It might be best remembered now for Betty Hutton's energetic performance of the song "Murder, He Says," written by Frank Loesser and Jimmy McHugh.

Melvin Frank
Melvin Frank (13 August 1913 – 13 October 1988) was an American screenwriter, film producer and film director. He is known for his partnership with Norman Panama and their work on films such as Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House (1948), White Christmas (1954), and The Court Jester (1956). He also directed films such as Buona Sera, Mrs. Campbell (1968) and A Touch of Class (1973).
John Brandford Crayner
John Brandford Crayner (born 1925 or 1926) is a Ghanaian educationalist, described by Mary A. S. Owusu and Lawrence Bosiwah as "a Fante legend" and by Ghana's Business and Financial Times as a "renowned Fante historian" on account of his stature as a historian of the Fante people.: 113  As of 2020 he was, according to social media posts by his family, still alive, though social media commentary in 2025 considered him to have died.

Fante people
The modern Mfantsefo or Fante ("Fanti" is an older spelling) confederacy is a combination of Akan people and aboriginal Guan people. The Fante people are mainly located in the Central and Western regions of Ghana, West Africa, occupying the forest and coastal areas. Their land stretches from the eastern part of western region in the west to Gomoa in the east. The Fante can be broadly categorized into two groups – the Borbor/Boka Fante (Akan ancestry) and the Etsii Fante (Guan ancestry). Over the last half-century, Fante communities have been established as far as Gambia, Liberia, Côte d'Ivoire and even Angola due to fishing expeditions. Major Fante cities and towns  in modern Ghana include  Cape Coast, Saltpond, Sekondi, Elmina, Agona Swedru, Mankessim, Winneba, Shama, Apam, Komenda, Kasoa and Anomabo.
Johnny Deluxe
Johnny Deluxe is a Danish music band. Formed in London by the lead singer Noam Halby, bassist Jakob S. Glæsner and guitarist Søren Itenov in 2000, the group was later joined by Morten Lynggaard in 2002.

Bassist
A bassist (also known as a bass player or bass guitarist) is a musician who plays a bass instrument such as a double bass (upright bass, contrabass, wood bass), bass guitar (electric bass, acoustic bass), keyboard bass (synth bass) or a low brass instrument such as a tuba or trombone. Many musical genres tend to be associated with at least one or more of these instruments.
Schur class
In complex analysis, the Schur class is the set of holomorphic functions  defined on the open unit disk  and satisfying  that solve the Schur problem: Given complex numbers , find a function

which is analytic and bounded by 1 on the unit disk. The method of solving this problem as well as similar problems (e.g. solving Toeplitz systems and Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation) is known as the Schur algorithm (also called coefficient stripping or layer stripping). One of the algorithm's most important properties is that it generates n + 1 orthogonal polynomials which can be used as orthonormal basis functions to expand any nth-order polynomial. It is closely related to the Levinson algorithm though Schur algorithm is numerically more stable and better suited to parallel processing.

Nevanlinna–Pick interpolation
In complex analysis, given initial data consisting of  points  in the complex unit disk  and target data consisting of  points  in ,  the Nevanlinna–Pick interpolation problem is to find a holomorphic function  that interpolates the data, that is for all ,

,

subject to the constraint  for all .

Georg Pick and Rolf Nevanlinna solved the problem independently in 1916 and 1919 respectively, showing that an interpolating function exists if and only if a matrix defined in terms of the initial and target data is positive semi-definite.
2020 MOTUL 100% Synthetic Grand Prix
The 2020 MOTUL 100% Synthetic Grand Prix was a sports car race sanctioned by the International Motor Sports Association (IMSA). The race was held at the Charlotte Motor Speedway ROVAL in Concord, North Carolina on October 10, 2020. This race was the eighth round of the 2020 WeatherTech SportsCar Championship, and the sixth round of the 2020 WeatherTech Sprint Cup.

The overall race was won by the #3 team of Jordan Taylor and Antonio García, the duo's fifth of the season. The Turner Motorsport team of Robby Foley and Bill Auberlen took victory in the GTD class, their second win of the season.

Concord, North Carolina
Concord (/ˌkɒnˈkɔːrd/ kon-KORD) is the most populous city in Cabarrus County, North Carolina, United States, and its county seat. The city had a population of 105,240 at the 2020 census. Concord is the second-most populous city in the Charlotte metropolitan area, tenth-most populous city in North Carolina and 287th-most populous city in the U.S.

The city was a winner of the All-America City Award in 2004. Located near the center of Cabarrus County in the Piedmont region, it is 20 miles (32 km) northeast of Uptown Charlotte. Concord is the home to some of North Carolina's top tourist destinations, including NASCAR's Charlotte Motor Speedway and Concord Mills.
Bandholm Church
Bandholm Church is a Church of Denmark parish church located in the harbor village of Bandholm some 8 km (5.0 mi) north of Maribo on the Danish island of Lolland. It was built in 1874 by Henrik Steffens Sibbern to a cruciform plan in the Romanesque Revival style. Built of red brick, it consists of a chancel, a nave and a tower with a conical spire.

Lolland
Lolland (Danish: [ˈlʌˌlænˀ] ⓘ; formerly spelled Laaland, literally "low land") is the fourth largest island of Denmark, with an area of 1,243 km2 (480 sq mi). Located in the Kattegat, Belts and Sund area, it is part of Region Sjælland (Region Zealand). As of 1 January 2022, it has 57,618 inhabitants. Lolland is closely connected to the island of Falster to its east. The locality of Sundby forms a cross-island urban area with Nykøbing Falster, the largest conurbation partially on Lolland. The most populated settlement on Lolland proper is Nakskov.
Bursa (electoral district)
Bursa is an electoral district of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. It elects eighteen members of parliament (deputies) to represent the province of the same name for a four-year term by the D'Hondt method, a party-list proportional representation system. It was the most populous district won by Erdoğan in the 2023 Turkish general election

2023 Turkish general election
General elections were held in Turkey on 14 May 2023, combining presidential elections and parliamentary elections to elect 600 members of the Grand National Assembly.

Election monitors criticized the conduct of the elections, observing restrictions on fundamental freedoms of assembly, association and expression. There was political interference in the electoral process, threats of throttling social media platforms, arrests of people posting criticisms on social media, and fines against media organizations that criticized the government. The state-run media heavily favored the AK Party, led by incumbent president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Popular political opponents were jailed or intimidated during the election campaign. A 2023 study in PLOS One found that the election was "riddled with statistical irregularities, that may be indicative of electoral fraud."
Meek House
Meek House, also known as Lin Oaks, is a historic house located in Concord, North Carolina. It was built about 1831, and is a two-story, single-pile, side gabled, Federal / Greek Revival style house.  Also on the property is a contributing single-pen "Wheat House."

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 24, 2001.

Concord, North Carolina
Concord (/ˌkɒnˈkɔːrd/ kon-KORD) is the most populous city in Cabarrus County, North Carolina, United States, and its county seat. The city had a population of 105,240 at the 2020 census. Concord is the second-most populous city in the Charlotte metropolitan area, tenth-most populous city in North Carolina and 287th-most populous city in the U.S.

The city was a winner of the All-America City Award in 2004. Located near the center of Cabarrus County in the Piedmont region, it is 20 miles (32 km) northeast of Uptown Charlotte. Concord is the home to some of North Carolina's top tourist destinations, including NASCAR's Charlotte Motor Speedway and Concord Mills.
David Bruce-Payne
David Malcolm Bruce-Payne (born 8 August 1945) is an English cathedral organist. He served at St Philip's Cathedral, Birmingham. Born in Banbury, Oxfordshire. He was a chorister at King's College, Cambridge under Boris Ord and Sir David Willcocks.

He studied the organ at the Royal College of Music and became Assistant Organist at Westminster Abbey and Master of Music at Westminster Abbey Choir School in 1968.

In 1974, he was appointed Organist and Master of the Choristers at Birmingham Cathedral and Head of Music at King Edward's School, Birmingham. He later became a Senior Lecturer and teacher of organ at Birmingham Conservatoire until moving to Weymouth in 2003. He continues to be active as a conductor, organist, composer and teacher.

Organist
An organist is a musician who plays any type of organ. An organist may play solo organ works, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers or instrumental soloists. In addition, an organist may accompany congregational hymn-singing and play liturgical music.
Barry Urbanski
Barry Urbanski is an American retired ice hockey goaltender and coach who was one of three people awarded the NCAA Tournament MOP in 1960 and was named as the Division II National Coach of Year in 1974.

1960 NCAA men's ice hockey tournament
The 1960 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1959–60 NCAA men's ice hockey season, the 13th such tournament in NCAA history. It was held between March 17 and 19, 1960, and concluded with Denver defeating Michigan Tech 5–3. All games were played at the Boston Arena in Boston, Massachusetts.

This was the last tournament to include an independent school until 1988.
Mark Doten
Mark Doten is an American novelist and librettist. He is the author of two novels, The Infernal and Trump Sky Alpha, both published by Graywolf Press, and he has been a librettist for the Los Angeles Opera and the San Francisco Opera.

The New York Times called Trump Sky Alpha "a funny book and a sad one, a bright one and a dark one, a distant sci-fi dystopia and a ripped-from-the-headlines tragedy. . . The book acts both as a novel and as a searching, tortured position paper on the use of media, message and, especially, satire in our time.” The Los Angeles Times called Doten "one of our keenest and most inventive prose writers working today.”

Granta named Doten one of the best young American novelists in 2017.

Granta
Granta is a literary magazine and publisher in the United Kingdom whose mission centres on its "belief in the power and urgency of the story, both in fiction and non-fiction, and the story's supreme ability to describe, illuminate and make real." In 2007, The Observer stated: "In its blend of memoirs and photojournalism, and in its championing of contemporary realist fiction, Granta has its face pressed firmly against the window, determined to witness the world."

Granta has published twenty-seven laureates of the Nobel Prize in Literature. Literature published by Granta has regularly won such prizes as the Forward Prize, T. S. Eliot Prize, Pushcart Prize and more.
Sylvania Mountains
The Sylvania Mountains are located in Inyo County, California, and Esmeralda County, Nevada, in the United States. The range trends in an east–west direction, north of the Last Chance Range at the northern end of Death Valley National Park.

The Last Chance Range and Death Valley are to the south, Slate Ridge is to the southeast, and the Palmetto Mountains are adjacent to the east.

Esmeralda County, Nevada
Esmeralda County is a county in the southwestern portion of the U.S. state of Nevada. As of the 2024 estimate, the population was 720, making it the least populous county in Nevada, and the 20th least populous county in the United States. Esmeralda County does not have any incorporated communities. Its county seat is the town of Goldfield.

Its 2000 census population density of 0.2706 inhabitants per square mile (0.1045/km2) was the second-lowest of any county in the contiguous United States (above Loving County, Texas). Its school district does not have a high school, so students in grades 9–12 go to school in Tonopah, in the Nye County School District.

Most residents live in Goldfield or in the town of Dyer in Fish Lake Valley, near the California border. Esmeralda is the only Nevada county in the Los Angeles TV market (or any California market) as defined by The Nielsen Corporation.
Kawachinagano Station
Kawachinagano Station (河内長野駅, Kawachi-Nagano-eki; Kawachinagano (Nankai) or Kawachi-Nagano (Kintetsu)) is an interchange passenger railway station located in the city of Kawachinagano, Osaka Prefecture, Japan,  jointly operated by the private railway operators Kintetsu Railway and Nankai Electric Railway.

Nankai Electric Railway
Nankai Electric Railway Co., Ltd. (南海電気鉄道株式会社, Nankai denki tetsudō kabushiki gaisha) is a private railway in Japan, founded in 1884. The name Nankai (which means "South Sea") comes from the company's routes along the Nankaidō, the old highway that ran south from the old capital, Kyoto, along the sea coast. Nankai predates all the electric railways in the Tokyo region.

The Nankai network branches out in a generally southern direction from Namba Station in Osaka. The Nankai Main Line connects Osaka to Wakayama, with an important spur branching to Kansai International Airport. The rapi:t α express connects Kansai International Airport to Namba in 34 minutes, while the rapi:t β takes 39 minutes with two additional stops. The Koya Line connects Osaka to Mt. Koya, headquarters of the Buddhist Shingon sect and a popular pilgrimage site. IC cards (PiTaPa and ICOCA) are accepted.
Smash (musical)
Smash is an American musical with music by Marc Shaiman and lyrics by Shaiman and Scott Wittman, and a book by Rick Elice and Bob Martin. Based on the 2012–2013 NBC television series of the same name created by Theresa Rebeck, the musical includes songs from the TV series and an original finale song written for the stage. Like the television series, the musical follows the creation of a musical about the life of Marilyn Monroe. The show opened at the Imperial Theatre on April 10, 2025.

Marc Shaiman
Marc Shaiman (/ˈʃeɪmən/ SHAY-mən; born October 22, 1959) is an American composer and lyricist for films, television, and theatre, widely known for his collaborations with lyricist and director Scott Wittman, actor Billy Crystal, entertainer Bette Midler, and director Rob Reiner. Shaiman has received numerous accolades including two Grammy Awards, two Primetime Emmy Awards, a Tony Award — as well as seven Academy Award nominations.
Caesar C line
The Caesar Line was the last German line of defence in Italy before Rome during the Italian Campaign of the Second World War. It extended from the west coast near Ostia, over the Alban Hills south of Rome, from Valmontone to Avezzano and then to Pescara on the Adriatic coast. Behind the western half of the line was a subsidiary line, the Roman switch line which took a path north of Rome.

When the Caesar C Line defences, manned by the German 14th Army, were breached by the U.S. Fifth Army on 30 May 1944, following the breakout from Anzio, the road to Rome was finally opened and Rome fell on 4 June. The Germans retreated to their next line of defence, the Trasimene Line where the 14th Army re-aligned with the German 10th Army before withdrawing to the formidable defences of the Gothic Line.

10th Army (Wehrmacht)
The 10th Army (German: 10. Armee) was a World War II field army of the Wehrmacht (Germany).

A new 10th Army was activated in 1943 in response to the Allied invasion of Italy. It saw action notably in late 1943 and early 1944 along the "Winter Line" at the Battle of San Pietro Infine and the Battle of Monte Cassino, before finally surrendering near the Alps. Among its troops at Cassino were the XIV Panzer Corps and Parachute divisions of the Luftwaffe.
Egypt River
The Egypt River is a stream in Ipswich, Massachusetts, United States.

The river is formed by the confluence of Bull and Dow brooks below their reservoirs, and joins the Muddy River and then the Rowley River, which in turn empties into the Plum Island Sound. The Rowley River runs through salt marshes, in which it forms a narrow and winding inlet about 5.5 miles (8.9 km) in total length.

The name Egypt River is recorded as early as 1635. In early colonial times, it was also termed the North River. It was then a source of herring and smelt, but few have been observed since the 1970s.

42°42′23.40″N 70°51′47.58″W﻿ / ﻿42.7065000°N 70.8632167°W﻿ / 42.7065000; -70.8632167

Ipswich, Massachusetts
Ipswich is a coastal town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 13,785 at the 2020 census. It contains the census-designated place of the same name. Home to Willowdale State Forest and Sandy Point State Reservation, Ipswich includes the southern part of Plum Island. A residential community with a vibrant tourism industry, the town is famous for its clams, celebrated annually at the Ipswich Chowderfest, and for Crane Beach, a barrier beach near the Crane estate. Ipswich was incorporated as a town in 1634.
Waving Not Drowning
Waving Not Drowning is a solo album by Rupert Hine.  It was originally released in 1982, A&M Records, and re-released on CD in 2001, VoicePrint. "The Sniper" was dedicated to Liam Byrne and "House Arrest" was dedicated to Donald Woods. The album title alludes to the Stevie Smith poem, Not Waving but Drowning.

Not Waving but Drowning
"Not Waving but Drowning" is a poem by the British poet Stevie Smith. It was published in 1957, as part of a collection of the same title. The most famous of Smith's poems, it gives an account of a drowned man, whose distant movements in the water had been mistaken for waving. The poem was accompanied by one of Smith's drawings, as was common in her work.

The poem's personal significance has been the topic of several pieces of literary criticism, because Smith was treated for psychological problems. She contemplated suicide at the age of eight, after what she described as a difficult childhood and her struggle with the fact that her father abandoned her.
Elizabeth Bure
Elizabeth Bure (born 1948) is a former Papua New Guinea international lawn bowler.

Bure won a silver medal in the Women's fours at the 1994 Commonwealth Games in Victoria with Cunera Monalua, Linda Ahmat and Wena Piande.

She has also competed in the fours event at the 2002 Commonwealth Games and the triples event at the 2010 Commonwealth Games.

1994 Commonwealth Games
The 1994 Commonwealth Games (French: XVéme Jeux du Commonwealth) were held in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, between 18 and 28 August 1994. It was the 15th Commonwealth Games. These were the fourth and most recent Commonwealth Games to be hosted by Canada, after Hamilton 1930, Vancouver 1954, and Edmonton 1978.

The Games featured ten sports: athletics, aquatics (diving and swimming), badminton, boxing, cycling, gymnastics, lawn bowls, shooting, weightlifting and wrestling. Judo which had replaced wrestling in 1990 was dropped in favour of wrestling returning, the latter being dropped from the Games for the first time in 1990.
The Great Bath at Bursa
The Great Bath at Bursa (French: La grande piscine de Brousse) is an 1885 oil painting by the French artist Jean-Léon Gérôme. It features a view  inside the bathhouse in the western Turkish city of Bursa then in the Ottoman Empire. It combines Orientalist elements and the academic nude style then at the height of its popularity. It was displayed at the Salon of 1885 in Paris.

Public bathing
Public baths originated when most people in population centers did not have access to private bathing facilities. Though termed "public", they have often been restricted according to gender, religious affiliation, personal membership, and other criteria.

In addition to their hygienic function, public baths have also been social meeting places. They have included hot-air bathing facilities such as hammams, Victorian Turkish baths, and saunas. Some have also provided complementary services such as shampooing, massages, and other relaxation therapies, often also found in contemporary day spas.

As the percentage of dwellings containing private bathrooms has increased in some societies, the need for public baths has diminished, and they are now almost exclusively used recreationally.