hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Magnolia kachirachirai
Magnolia kachirachirai (syn. Parakmeria kachirachirai) is a species of flowering plant in the family Magnoliaceae. It is endemic to Taiwan.

This is a tree growing up to 20 meters tall. The leathery oval-shaped leaves are up to 12 centimeters long. It bears bisexual flowers with whorls of yellow tepals and many stamens.

This species is known from just a few locations in fragmented habitat. Its populations are declining. Its habitat is cleared for human use and it is cut for timber. It is also grown as an ornamental.

Magnoliaceae
The Magnoliaceae (/mæɡˌnoʊliˈeɪsii/) are a flowering plant family, the magnolia family,  in the order Magnoliales. It consists of two genera: Magnolia and Liriodendron (tulip trees).

Unlike most angiosperms, whose flower parts are in whorls (rings), the Magnoliaceae have their stamens and pistils in spirals on a conical receptacle. This arrangement is found in some fossil plants and is believed to be a basal or early condition for angiosperms. The flowers also have parts not distinctly differentiated into sepals and petals, while angiosperms that evolved later tend to have distinctly differentiated sepals and petals. The poorly differentiated perianth parts that occupy both positions are known as tepals.

The family has about 219 species and ranges across subtropical eastern North America, Mexico and Central America, the West Indies, tropical South America, southern and eastern India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Malesia, China, Japan, and Korea.
Pauldopia
Pauldopia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Bignoniaceae. It only contains one known species, Pauldopia ghonta (Buch.-Ham. ex G.Don) Steenis

Its native range is India to Indo-China. It is found in China, India, Laos, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam.

The genus name of Pauldopia is in honour of Paul Louis Amans Dop (1876–1954), a French botanist who worked extensively in Indo-china. The Latin specific epithet of ghonta is a Bengalis word which means bell, alluding to the corolla shape of the flower. See also Ghanta. Both the genus and the species were first described and published in Acta Bot. Neerl. Vol.18 on page 425-427 in 1969.

Ghanta
Ghanta (Sanskrit: घण्टा, IAST: ghaṇṭā; Tibetan: drilbu) is the Sanskrit term for a ritual bell used in Hindu religious practices. The ringing of the bell produces what is regarded as an auspicious sound. Hindu temples generally have one metal bell hanging at the entrance and devotees ring the bell while entering the temple which is an essential part in preparation of having a darshan. A bell is also rung by the pujari during pūjā or yajna – during the waving of light, burning of incense in front of the deity, while bathing the deity, and while offering food or flowers. There are bells specially made to produce the long strains of the sound Om.
Bugajski
Bugajski (feminine: Bugajska; plural: Bugajscy) is a Polish-language surname associated with any of locations named Bugaj.  Notable people with this surname include:

Adam Bugajski (born 1974), Polish civil servant

Dariusz Bugajski (born 1970), Polish Navy officer, scholar and professor of public international maritime law

Janusz Bugajski (1954–2025), American advisor

Josh Bugajski (born 1990), British rower

Ryszard Bugajski (1943–2019), Polish filmmaker

Ryszard Bugajski
Ryszard Bugajski (27 April 1943 – 7 June 2019) was a Polish film director and screenwriter. He directed 23 films and television shows since 1972. His 1982 film Interrogation starring Krystyna Janda and Adam Ferency, described as "the most anti-Communist film in the history of Polish People's Republic" was entered into the 1990 Cannes Film Festival after being suppressed by the Polish communist authorities for several years.
Yangjae station
Yangjae (Seocho-gu Office) Station is a station on the Seoul Subway Line 3 and Shinbundang Line. It was the southern terminus of Line 3 until October 30, 1993, when the line was extended to Suseo station, and it became a transfer station with the Shinbundang Line on October 28, 2011. It is located in Yangjae-dong, Seocho and Gangnam District, Seoul.

It serves as an important mass transit hub for commuters who travel between Seoul and suburban cities such as Bundang, Yongin, and Suwon.

Bundang
Bundang (Korean: 분당) is a planned community in Bundang District, Seongnam, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. It was developed to encourage affordable housing and urban decentralization. The community has a sports complex, a park and a youth center.
Minimum-distance estimation
Minimum-distance estimation (MDE) is a conceptual method for fitting a statistical model to data, usually the empirical distribution. Often-used estimators such as ordinary least squares can be thought of as special cases of minimum-distance estimation.

While consistent and asymptotically normal, minimum-distance estimators are generally not statistically efficient when compared to maximum likelihood estimators, because they omit the Jacobian usually present in the likelihood function. This, however, substantially reduces the computational complexity of the optimization problem.

Special case
In logic, especially as applied in mathematics, concept A is a special case or specialization of concept B precisely if every instance of A is also an instance of B but not vice versa, or equivalently, if B is a generalization of A. A limiting case is a type of special case which is arrived at by taking some aspect of the concept to the extreme of what is permitted in the general case. If B is true, one can immediately deduce that A is true as well, and if B is false, A can also be immediately deduced to be false. A degenerate case is a special case which is in some way qualitatively different from almost all of the cases allowed.
McKie
McKie is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aaron McKie (born 1972), American basketball player

Angus McKie, English illustrator

BJ McKie (born 1977), American basketball player

David McKie (born 1935), British journalist and historian

Evan McKie (born 1983), Canadian ballet dancer

Helen McKie (1889–1957), British artist and illustrator

James McKie (born 1870s), Scottish footballer

Jason McKie (born 1980), American football player

Phyllis McKie (died 1983), Canadian historian and photographer

Rod McKie, British cartoonist

Ronald McKie (1909–1991), Australian novelist

Roy McKie, American illustrator

Shirley McKie, Scottish police officer

William McKie (1901–1984), Australian organist, conductor and composer

William McKie (1886–1956), British wrestler

William McKie (wrestler)
William McKie (27 December 1884 – 27 March 1956) was a British wrestler who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. In 1908, at the 1908 Summer Olympics, he won the bronze medal in the freestyle wrestling featherweight class.
Rahim Zafer
Rahim Zafer (born 21 January 1971 in Adapazarı) is a former Turkish football player.

Zafer played for several clubs during his career including Sakaryaspor (1987–1990 and 2002–2003), Gençlerbirliği SK (1990–1996), Beşiktaş JK (1996–2001), Diyarbakırspor (2001–2002), Adanaspor (2004–2005), MKE Kırıkkalespor (2005–2006) and Daegu FC (2003–2004). He played for the Turkey national football team and was a player-participant at the 1996 UEFA European Championship. Since retiring in 2006, Zafer has been assistant manager for Kastamonuspor, Uşakspor and ABB Bugsaş SK. He was named as the manager of Adıyamanspor in 2012.

Adapazarı
Adapazarı (pronounced [ɑˈdɑpɑzɑɾɯ]) is a municipality and the capital district of Sakarya Province, Turkey. Its area is 324 km2, and its population 281,489 (2022). It covers the central and northern part of the agglomeration of Adapazarı and the adjacent countryside.
AMI-télé
AMI-télé is a Canadian French language digital cable specialty channel owned by the non-profit organization Accessible Media Inc. (AMI). AMI-télé is a French version of AMI's English-language service AMI-tv, and broadcasts a selection of general entertainment programming with accommodations for those who are visually or hearing impaired, consisting of described video on the primary audio track and closed captioning available across all of its programming. The channel also broadcasts series on accessibility- and disability-related topics.

AMI-télé is licensed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) as a Category A "must-carry" service; it must be carried on the lowest level of service by all licensed digital cable, satellite television, and IPTV providers in Canada.

Must-carry
In cable television, many governments, including the ones of the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada, apply a must-carry regulation stating that forces a cable TV provider to carry the public interest programming, like locally licensed television stations, on a provider's system. In some countries, this "traditional" approach had been extended to the Internet information sources. Similar approach in other sectors, like telecommunications, is called universal service.
Ficker
Ficker  is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Ficker, American yachtsman, captain of the Intrepid

Desirée Ficker (born 1976), American long-distance runner

Heinrich von Ficker (1881–1957), German-Austrian meteorologist

Julius von Ficker (1826–1902), German historian

Peter Ficker (born 1951), Brazilian sailor

Robin Ficker (born 1943), American attorney

Suzanne Farrell (born Roberta Sue Ficker), American dancer

Robin Ficker
Robin Keith Annesley Ficker (born April 5, 1943) is an American political activist, real estate broker, former attorney (disbarred), former state legislator, infamous sports heckler, and  perennial political candidate from Maryland.

Ficker served one term in the Maryland House of Delegates from 1979 to 1983, and has since run for other offices unsuccessfully numerous times.
Stijn van de Bunt
Stijn van de Bunt (born 6 April 2004) is a Dutch long track speed skater who specializes in the mid and long distances.

At the 2022 World Junior Speed Skating Championships he won a silver medal in the 5000 meters as well as in the team pursuit. In 2024 and 2025 Van de Bunt won the Gruno Bokaal, held in Groningen, the Netherlands. During the Olympic qualification tournament, held in Thialf in December 2025, he won the 5000 meters and 10000 meters and thus qualified for the 2026 Winter Olympics. At the 10000 meters Van de Bunt improved his personal record to 12:36.35, a fraction above the Dutch national record of Patrick Roest.

Long-track speed skating
Long-track speed skating, usually simply referred to as speed skating, is the Olympic discipline of speed skating where competitors are timed while crossing a set distance. It is also a sport for leisure. Sports such as ice skating marathon, short-track speedskating, inline speedskating, and quad speed skating are also called speed skating.

Long-track speed skating enjoys large popularity in the Netherlands and has also had champion athletes from Austria, Canada, China, Finland, Germany, Japan, Italy, Norway, Poland, South Korea, Russia, Sweden, the Czech Republic and the United States. Speed skaters attain maximum speeds of 60 km/h (37 mph).
Primavera in anticipo (It Is My Song)
"Primavera in anticipo (It Is My Song)" (English: "Anticipated Spring") is a pop duet between Italian singer Laura Pausini and British singer-songwriter James Blunt. It was released as the second single from Pausini's album Primavera in anticipo. The single was released on 2 January 2009. The song was also featured on the deluxe version of Blunt's second studio album, All the Lost Souls. The single was very successful in Europe, however, was not released in the UK or Ireland. The single was released simultaneously digitally and physically.

Duet
A duet (Italian: duo or duetto) is a musical composition for two performers in which the performers have equal importance to the piece, often a composition involving two singers or two pianists. It differs from a harmony, as the performers take turns performing a solo section rather than performing simultaneously. A piece performed by two pianists performing together on the same piano is a "piano duet" or "piano four hands". A piece for two pianists performing together on separate pianos is a "piano duo".

"Duet" is also used as a verb for the act of performing a musical duet, or colloquially as a noun to refer to the performers of a duet.

A musical ensemble with more than two solo instruments or voices is called a trio, quartet, quintet, sextet, septet, octet, etc.
The Political Machine (series)
The Political Machine is a government simulation game series from Stardock, in which the player leads a campaign to elect the President of the United States. The player accomplishes this goal by traveling from state to state and engaging in a variety of activities to either raise money or raise poll numbers.

Government simulation game
A government simulation or political simulation is a game that attempts to simulate the government and politics of all or part of a nation. These games may include geopolitical situations (involving the formation and execution of foreign policy), the creation of domestic political policies, or the simulation of political campaigns. They differ from the genre of classical wargames due to their discouragement or abstraction of military or action elements.
Lina Sarro
Pasqualina Maria (Lina) Sarro (born 1957) is an Italian nanoscientist whose research concerns micromachining and other techniques for fabricating silicon and silicon carbide based micro-electromechanical systems. She is a professor of 
Electronic Components, Technology and Materials, former Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Professor, and former department chair, in the Department of Microelectronics of the Delft University of Technology in The Netherlands.

Silicon carbide
Silicon carbide (SiC), also known as carborundum (/ˌkɑːrbəˈrʌndəm/), is a hard chemical compound containing silicon and carbon. A wide bandgap semiconductor, it occurs in nature as the extremely rare mineral moissanite, but has been mass-produced as a powder and crystal since 1893 for use as an abrasive. Grains of silicon carbide can be bonded together by sintering to form very hard ceramics that are widely used in applications requiring high endurance, such as car brakes, car clutches and ceramic plates in bulletproof vests. Large single crystals of silicon carbide can be grown by the Lely method and they can be cut into gems known as synthetic moissanite.

Electronic applications of silicon carbide such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and detectors in early radios were first demonstrated around 1907. SiC is used in semiconductor electronics devices that operate at high temperatures or high voltages, or both.
Edwin Davidson
Christianity portal

Edwin John Davidson (12 February 1899 – 1 April 1958) was the 4th bishop of Gippsland from 1955  until his death in 1958.

Educated at the University of Sydney, he was ordained in 1926.  From then until 1930 he was a Toc H Chaplain. Later he was a Residentiary Canon firstly at Bathurst and later (until his elevation to the episcopate) Rector of St James' Church, Sydney (1938-55).

Anglican Diocese of Gippsland
The Diocese of Gippsland is a diocese of the Anglican Church of Australia, founded in 1902. It is situated in the Gippsland region of the state of Victoria, Australia and covers most of the eastern part of the state. The diocesan cathedral is St Paul's Cathedral, Sale. The current Bishop of Gippsland, installed on 18 August 2018, is Richard Treloar.
Satpula
Satpula is a remarkable ancient water harvesting dam or weir located about 800 m (2,625 ft) east of the Khirki Masjid that is integral to the compound wall of the medieval fourth city of the Jahanpanah in Delhi, with its construction credited to the reign of Sultan Muhammad Shah Tughlaq (Muhammad bin Tughluq) (1325–1351) of the Tughlaq Dynasty.

The objective of building the weir was for providing water for irrigation and also, as a part of the city wall, to provide defense security to the city against attacking armies.

Satpula is a usage in Hindi languages, which literally means "seven bridges".

Tughlaq dynasty
The Tughlaq dynasty (also known as the Tughluq or Tughluk dynasty; Persian: تغلق شاهیان) was the third dynasty to rule over the Delhi Sultanate in medieval India. Its reign started in 1320 in Delhi when Ghazi Malik assumed the throne under the title of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq and ended in 1413.

The Indo-Turkic dynasty expanded its territorial reach through a military campaign led by Muhammad bin Tughluq, and reached its zenith between 1330 and 1335. It ruled most of the Indian subcontinent for this brief period.
2008 Western Michigan Broncos football team
The 2008 Western Michigan Broncos football team represented Western Michigan University in the 2008 NCAA football season.  The team was coached by Bill Cubit and played their homes game in Waldo Stadium in Kalamazoo, Michigan.

Western Michigan was 9–4 overall and 6–2 in the Mid-American Conference after defeating conference opponents Northern Illinois, Temple, Ohio, Buffalo, Eastern Michigan and Toledo, Big Ten Conference member Illinois, Western Athletic Conference member Idaho and Football Championship Subdivision team Tennessee Tech.  Western Michigan lost to Nebraska, rival Central Michigan and Ball State.  Western Michigan played in the 2008 Texas Bowl, where they fell to Rice on December 30, 2008.

Over the course of the 2008 season, the Broncos received votes in the AP Poll and the USA Today Coaches Poll, culminating with a top 30 ranking and 9–2 record in week 13. The Broncos no longer received votes after dropping their final two games.

2008 Temple Owls football team
The 2008 Temple Owls football team represented Temple University in the 2008 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Owls competed as a member of the Mid-American Conference (MAC) East Division. The team was coached by Al Golden and played their home games in Lincoln Financial Field.
Lousana
Lousana is a hamlet in central Alberta, Canada within Red Deer County. It is located 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) east of the junction of Highway 21 and Highway 42, approximately 45 kilometres (28 mi) southeast of Red Deer. The hamlet was named by William Henry Biggs, a settler from Louisiana, Missouri, who sold a portion of his land to the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway around 1912 for the townsite. Biggs originally proposed naming the settlement "Louisiana" after his hometown. However, the Post Office Department shortened it to Lousana to avoid confusion with the U.S. state of Louisiana.

Central Alberta
Central Alberta is a region located in the Canadian province of Alberta.

Central Alberta is the most densely populated rural area in the province. Agriculture and energy are important to the area's economy.
Lofland
Lofland is a surname of Norwegian origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Dana Lofland (born 1967), American professional golfer

Jacob Lofland (born 1996), American actor

James R. Lofland (1823–1894), American lawyer and politician

John Lofland (disambiguation):
John Lofland (poet) (1798–1849), American poet and writer, known as the Milford Bard
John Lofland (sociologist) (1936–2026), American sociologist, professor, and author

John Lofland (sociologist)
John Franklin Lofland (March 4, 1936 – February 4, 2026) is an American sociologist best known for his studies of the peace movement and for his first book, Doomsday Cult: A Study of Conversion, Proselytization, and Maintenance of Faith, which was based on field work among a group of Unification Church members in California in the 1960s. It is considered to be one of the most important and widely cited studies of the process of religious conversion, and one of the first modern sociological studies of a new religious movement.
Indian River (Hudson River tributary)
Indian River is a river in Hamilton County and Essex County in the U.S. State of New York. Indian River begins at Indian Lake south of the Hamlet of Indian Lake and flows northeastward, through Lake Abanakee, before converging with the Hudson River northeast of the Hamlet of Indian Lake.

Hamilton County, New York
Hamilton County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,107, making it the least populous county in New York and its only county with fewer than 10,000 residents. With a land area nearly the size of Delaware, it is the least densely populated county east of the Mississippi River. Its county seat is Lake Pleasant.  The county was created in 1816 and organized in 1847. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.

Hamilton County is one of only two counties that lie entirely within the Adirondack Park (Essex being the other). There are no permanent traffic lights in the county, and much of the county has no cell phone service.
Ringas Junction railway station
Ringas Junction railway station is a model railway station (as declared by Indian Railways) in Sikar district, Rajasthan, India. Its code is RGS & is located 58.5 kilometres (36.4 mi) from Jaipur Junction. The station consists of three well-sheltered platforms. It has basic facilities including water and sanitation. The station was main metre-gauge junction till 2005, but after the construction of the broad-gauge track from Rewari and Narnaul  in the north to Phulera and Ajmer in the south, it is operational as an important BG junction now. The 200.4 kilometres (124.5 mi) long track from Churu to Jaipur via Sikar & Ringas has been converted to broad gauge.

Rewari
Rewari is a city and a municipal council in Rewari district in the Indian state of Haryana. It is the district headquarters of Rewari district. It is located in south-west Haryana around 82 km from Delhi and 51 km from Gurgaon. It lies in Ahirwal region.
Stamped from the Beginning
Stamped  the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America is a non-fiction book about race in the United States by the American historian Ibram X. Kendi, published April 12, 2016 by Bold Type Books, an imprint of PublicAffairs. The book won the National Book Award for Nonfiction.

The book also has two "remixes" for children, Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You and Stamped (for Teens): Racism, Antiracism, and You. A graphic novel version, adapted and illustrated by Joel Christian Gill, was published in June 2023.

PublicAffairs
PublicAffairs (or PublicAffairs Books) is a book publishing company located in New York City and has been a part of the Hachette Book Group since 2016.

PublicAffairs was launched in 1997 by Peter Osnos. The current Publisher is Clive Priddle. The company publishes mostly non-mainstream non-fiction books about politics and current affairs, both American and international.

It has published several books by Nobel Prize-winning authors, including Muhammad Yunus's Banker to the Poor and Abhijit V. Banerjee and Esther Duflo's two books Poor Economics and Good Economics for Hard Times.

In 2019, it published Shoshana Zuboff's international bestseller The Age of Surveillance Capitalism.

Perseus Books won Publishers Weekly's "Publisher of the Year" award for 2007.
Makibefo
Makibefo is a 2001 Malagasy black-and-white drama film written and directed by Alexander Abela. The director filmed the movie near the town of Faux Cap, Madagascar, with a single technical assistant. With the exception of an English-speaking narrator, all the roles are played by indigenous Antandroy people (few of whom had ever seen a movie before) who performed a largely improvised story based on William Shakespeare's Macbeth set in a remote fishing village.

Faux Cap
Faux Cap or Betanty is a municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Tsiombe, which is a part of the Androy Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 16,000 in the 2001 commune census.

Primary and junior level secondary education are available in the town. Farming and raising livestock provides employment for 36% of the working population. The most important crops are sweet potatoes and cowpeas, while other important agricultural products are maize and cassava. Services provide employment for 2% of the population. Additionally fishing employs 26% of the population.