hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cheddar Man
Cheddar Man is a human male skeleton found in Gough's Cave in Cheddar Gorge, Somerset, England. The skeletal remains date to around the mid-to-late 9th millennium BC, corresponding to the Mesolithic period, and it appears that he died a violent death. A large crater-like lesion just above the skull's right orbit suggests that the man may have also been suffering from a bone infection.

Excavated in 1903, Cheddar Man is the oldest near-complete human skeleton found in Great Britain. The remains are kept by London's Natural History Museum, in the Human Evolution gallery.

Analysis of his nuclear DNA indicates that he was a typical member of the Western European hunter-gatherer population at the time, with a most likely phenotype of blue-green eyes, dark brown or black hair, and dark or dark-to-black skin, with no genetic adaption for lactase persistence into adulthood.

Lactase persistence
Lactase persistence or lactose tolerance is the continued activity of the lactase enzyme in adulthood, allowing the digestion of lactose in milk. In most mammals, the activity of the enzyme is dramatically reduced after weaning. In some human populations though, lactase persistence has recently evolved as an adaptation to the consumption of nonhuman milk and dairy products beyond infancy. Lactase persistence is very high among northern Europeans. Worldwide, most people are lactase non-persistent, and are affected by varying degrees of lactose intolerance as adults. However, lactase persistence and lactose intolerance can overlap.
Bad Boy (The Adicts song)
"Bad Boy" is a song by punk band the Adicts, released as a single by Razor Records in May 1983. It was released as a standard black vinyl 7-inch single and also as a 7-inch picture disc with one additional track. The single was the band's biggest hit, reaching No. 75 on the UK Singles Chart and No. 4 on the UK Independent Chart. This brought major label interest to the band, which led to their next single being released by the Warner imprint Sire Records. "Bad Boy" was included on the band's next studio album, Smart Alex, while both B-sides originally appeared on Sound of Music.

Sound of Music (album)
Sound of Music is the second studio album by punk band the Adicts, released in November 1982 by Razor Records. It was re-released by Captain Oi! Records in 2002 and by SOS Records in 2006, each with different bonus tracks. In 2002, Taang! Records reissued the album, along with Smart Alex and bonus tracks, as The Collection. The same Sound of Music disc, with bonus tracks, was released separately in 2004.
Jelloway, Ohio
Jelloway is an unincorporated community in Brown Township, Knox County, Ohio, United States. Jelloway is located at the junction of Ohio State Route 3 and Ohio State Route 205, 14 miles (23 km) northeast of Mount Vernon.

Ohio State Route 3
State Route 3 (SR 3) is a major north–south (physically northeast-southwest) highway in Ohio which leads from Cincinnati to Cleveland by way of Columbus. It is the second longest state route in Ohio. For this reason, the road is also known as the 3-C Highway, a designation which antedates the Ohio state highway system.  It is the only state route to enter all three of Ohio's largest cities, though it has largely been bypassed by Interstate 71 (I-71).
Beohari
Beohari is a major town and a nagar panchayat in Shahdol district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is 79.07 kilometres (49.13 mi) from the main district of Shahdol and 412 kilometres (256 mi) away from Bhopal, the state capital. Its geographical coordinates are 24° 3' 0" North, 81° 23' 0" East.

Beohari is rich in mineral resources, including marble, iron ore, clay, sand and unexplored petroleum products. Beohari is economically rich and is politically active since Independence.

Shorea robusta
Shorea robusta, the sal tree, sāla, shala, sakhua, or sarai, is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The tree is native to India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Tibet and across the Himalayan regions.
The Holocaust in East Upper Silesia
The Holocaust resulted in the murder of most of the Jews living in the East Upper Silesia during World War II. It is best known as the site of Auschwitz concentration camp, but it also hosted many of the forced-labor camps of Organization Schmelt and seventeen ghettos, including Sosnowiec Ghetto, Będzin Ghetto, and Dąbrowa Górnicza Ghetto. Part of the region had been in Poland before World War II and other parts in Germany.

East Upper Silesia
East Upper Silesia (German: Ostoberschlesien) is the easternmost extremity of Silesia, the eastern part of the Upper Silesian region around the city of Katowice (German: Kattowitz). The term is used primarily to denote those areas that became part of the Second Polish Republic on 20 June 1922, as a consequence of the post-World War I Treaty of Versailles. Prior to World War II, the Second Polish Republic administered the area as Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship. East Upper Silesia was also known as Polish (Upper) Silesia, and the German (Upper) Silesia was known as West Upper Silesia.
Elio Pagliarani
Elio Pagliarani (25 May 1927 – 8 March 2012) was an Italian poet and literary critic, who belonged to the avant-garde Gruppo 63 movement. He was born in Viserba, near Rimini.

Pagliarani graduated in Politics Science at Padua, and in the 1940s he moved to Milan where he worked as a journalist and as a teacher. In 1960 he moved to Rome. In the 1950s he worked for L'Avanti! and, from 1968, as theatre critic for Paese Sera.

His most renowned work is the experimental poem "La ragazza Carla", published in 1960. Pagliarani's poems usually deal with realist themes, such as work, economics, and the lower classes.

In 1971 he founded the magazine Periodo Ipotetico, and later he also worked for Nuova Corrente. Starting in 1988 he was editor-in-chief of the poetry magazine VIDEOR. La ballata di Rudi won the Viareggio Prize for poetry in 1995. He died in Rome in 2012, aged 84.

Viareggio Prize
The Viareggio Prize (Italian: Premio Viareggio or Premio Letterario Viareggio-Rèpaci) is an Italian literary prize, first awarded in 1930. Named after the Tuscan city of Viareggio, it was conceived by three friends, Alberto Colantuoni, Carlo Salsa and Leonida Repaci, to rival the Milanese Bagutta Prize.

The Viareggio-Versilia International Prize is also awarded by the jury each year to a prominent figure whose work fosters dialogue among peoples, advances social progress, and promotes peace.
Yacuma River
The Yacuma River is a river in Bolivia, which feeds into the Mamoré River and ultimately into the Amazon. The headwaters of the Yacuma are within the Pilón Lajas Biosphere Reserve and Communal Lands.

Rio Yacuma starts about 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Rurrenabaque. The upper parts are accessible through Reyes.

Rurrenabaque
Rurrenabaque is a small town in the north of Bolivia, on the Beni River. It is the capital of Rurrenabaque Municipality. In recent years, it has become popular with international tourism as it is an easy gateway for visits to Madidi National Park, which is within the Bolivian rainforest. It also provides access to the surrounding pampas. Locals commonly refer to the town by its shortened nickname, "Rurre."

Rurrenabaque is located in José Ballivián Province in Beni Department, Bolivia. Rurrenabaque Municipality, the fourth municipal section of José Ballivián Province, had 19,195 inhabitants as of 2012, of which 13,446 lived in urban Rurrenabaque itself.
Bitur language
Bitur (Bituri, Paswam, Mutum) is Papuan language of Western Province, Papua New Guinea.

Bitur is spoken in Bisuaka (8°32′26″S 142°42′03″E﻿ / ﻿8.540481°S 142.70092°E﻿ / -8.540481; 142.70092﻿ (Bisuaka (Saguanso))), Kasimap (8°35′22″S 142°50′29″E﻿ / ﻿8.589363°S 142.841446°E﻿ / -8.589363; 142.841446﻿ (Kasimab)), Petom (8°37′28″S 142°41′19″E﻿ / ﻿8.624387°S 142.688669°E﻿ / -8.624387; 142.688669﻿ (Petom Hamlet)), Tewara (8°30′51″S 142°45′12″E﻿ / ﻿8.51406°S 142.753434°E﻿ / -8.51406; 142.753434﻿ (Tewara)), and Upiara (8°32′47″S 142°38′57″E﻿ / ﻿8.546301°S 142.64927°E﻿ / -8.546301; 142.64927﻿ (Upiara)) villages of Oriomo-Bituri Rural LLG.

Western Province (Papua New Guinea)
Western Province is a coastal province in southwestern Papua New Guinea, bordering the Indonesian provinces of Highland Papua and South Papua. The provincial capital is Daru. The largest town in the province is Tabubil. Other major settlements are Kiunga, Ningerum, Olsobip and Balimo.

The provincial government has, as with the governments of  North Solomons, Chimbu and Northern provinces, sought to change the name of the province. The government uses the name Fly River Provincial Government; however, this remains unofficial as it has not been changed in the Constitution of Papua New Guinea.
2008 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I – Pool D
Group D of the 2008 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I was one of four pools in the Europe/Africa Zone Group I of the 2008 Fed Cup. Four teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top team and the bottom team proceeding to their respective sections of the play-offs: the top team played for advancement to the World Group II Play-offs, while the bottom team faced potential relegation to Group II.

2008 Fed Cup World Group II play-offs
The 2008 World Group II play-offs were four ties which involved the losing nations of the World Group II and four nations from the three Zonal Group I competitions. Nations that won their play-off ties entered the 2009 World Group II, while losing nations joined their respective zonal groups.
Partner notification
Partner notification is the practice of notifying the sexual partners of a person, known as the "index case", who has been newly diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection that they may have been exposed to the infection. It is a kind of contact tracing and is considered a partner service.

Index case
The index case or patient zero is the first documented patient in a disease epidemic within a population, or the first documented patient included in an epidemiological study. 
It can also refer to the first case of a condition or syndrome (not necessarily contagious) to be described in the medical literature, whether or not the patient is thought to be the first person affected. An index case can achieve the status of a "classic" case study in the literature, as did Phineas Gage, the first known person to exhibit a definitive personality change as a result of traumatic brain injury.
Alice Larkin
Alice Larkin (previous married name Bows) is a British climate scientist. She serves as Professor of Climate Science and Energy Policy  in the School of Engineering at the University of Manchester. She works on carbon budgets, international transport and cumulative emissions.

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) is a council of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, responsible for funding grants to undertake research and postgraduate degrees in engineering and the physical sciences, mainly to universities in the United Kingdom. EPSRC research areas include mathematics, physics, chemistry, artificial intelligence and computer science, but exclude particle physics, nuclear physics, space science and astronomy (which fall under the remit of the Science and Technology Facilities Council).
Eleanor of Anhalt-Zerbst
Eleonore of Anhalt-Zerbst (10 November 1608, in Zerbst – 2 November 1681, in Østerholm Castle, Als) was a member of the House of Ascania and a princess of Anhalt-Zerbst by birth and by marriage Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Norburg.

Zerbst
Zerbst (German pronunciation: [ˈtsɛʁpst] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Anhalt-Bitterfeld, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Until an administrative reform in 2007, Zerbst was the capital of the former Anhalt-Zerbst district.
Matt Hanson (politician)
Matt Hanson is a railroad engineer and Democratic politician serving as an Illinois state representative for District 83. Elected in 2022 he defeated Republican Keith Wheeler. The District includes parts of St. Charles, Geneva, Batavia, North Aurora, Aurora, Montgomery, and Oswego.

Hanson earned a B.S. in business administration from the University of Richmond and worked as an engineer with BNSF Railway.

He was previously elected to the Kane County Board from District 6 in 2018, and but lost re-election to the seat in 2020 in the primary.

St. Charles, Illinois
St. Charles or Saint Charles is a city in Kane and DuPage Counties, Illinois, United States. The population was 33,081 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 33,482 in 2024. It lies roughly 35 miles west of Chicago on Illinois Route 64. The official city slogan is "Pride of the Fox", after the Fox River that runs through the center of town. St. Charles is part of a tri-city area along with Geneva and Batavia, all western Chicago suburbs of similar size and socioeconomic condition.
129th Ohio General Assembly
The One Hundred Twenty-ninth Ohio General Assembly was a meeting of the Ohio state legislature, composed of the Ohio State Senate and the Ohio House of Representatives.  It met in Columbus, Ohio from January 3, 2011 until December 20, 2012.  While Ted Strickland was Ohio Governor for the first week of the biennium, John Kasich was sworn in during the second week.  The apportionment of districts was based on the 2000 United States census.  This was the last time the 2000 census was used by the General Assembly to determine the apportionment of legislative districts.  While the Ohio Senate was retained by the Ohio Republican Party, they won control of the Ohio House of Representatives from the Ohio Democratic Party.

Ohio Democratic Party
The Ohio Democratic Party (ODP) is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Ohio. Former state representative Kathleen Clyde has been the party's chairwoman since June 2025.

Statewide, the Democrats currently are viewed as the opposition party, with Republicans holding the bulk of the major statewide offices. However, the Democrats do hold the mayorships of the state's largest cities, as well as the County Executive seats in the largest counties.
Royal Military Infirmary
The Royal Military Infirmary (RMI) is a hospital in Dublin, on the southeastern edge of Phoenix Park (Páirc an Fhionnuisce), one of several former British military installations in the area. The hospital buildings are now part of the Irish Department of Defence's (An Roinn Cosanta) estate and currently houses Ireland's Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions (Oifig an Stiúrthóra Ionchúiseamh Poiblí - ODPP). The bulk of the British Army's medical services in Dublin were transferred from the RMI to a new hospital at Arbour Hill in Dublin in 1913. The Infirmary buildings are protected as they are nationally significant architecture.

Arbour Hill
Arbour Hill (Irish: Cnoc an Arbhair) is an area of Dublin within the inner city on the Northside of the River Liffey, in the Dublin 7 postal district. Arbour Hill, the road of the same name, runs west from Blackhall Place in Stoneybatter, and separates Collins Barracks, now hosting part of the National Museum of Ireland, to the south from Arbour Hill Prison to the north, whose graveyard includes the burial plot of the signatories of the Easter Proclamation and other leaders executed after the 1916 Rising. St Bricin's Military Hospital, formerly the King George V Hospital, is also located in Arbour Hill.
Tim Allsop & Stewart Williams
Tim Allsop and Stewart Williams are a British writing and directing duo.

They met in 2005 working for Elisabeth Murdoch’s production company Shine Limited. Their first joint work was a Comedy Lab for Channel 4 starring Alex Zane which they wrote, produced, and directed. Since then they have written for a variety of comedy and entertainment shows for the BBC, ITV and Channel 4, as well directing music videos and commercials – most recently for the Guitar Hero brand.  In 2007 they began working on a pilot for Plus One in the Comedy Showcase strand for Channel 4 which they made with production company Kudos.

They have also written episodes for The Amazing World of Gumball and recently and written episodes for Space Chickens in Space, as well as developed the bible for Disney EMEA for the show as well.

Tim Allsop is currently a producer on Who Is America and Stewart Williams recently wrote an episode of Famalam.

Kudos (production company)
Kudos is a British film and television production company. It has produced television series for the BBC, ITV, Channel 4, Sky, Amazon and Netflix and its productions include Tin Star, Humans, Broadchurch, The Tunnel, Grantchester, Apple Tree Yard, Utopia, Spooks (US: MI5), Hustle and Life on Mars/Ashes to Ashes. In 2007, it was voted Best Independent Production Company by Broadcast magazine. Formed in 1992, since 2007 it has been part of the Shine Group. In 2007, it also set up the film unit, Kudos Pictures.  In 2011, the Shine Group was 100% acquired by News Corporation and was part of the 50–50 joint-venture Endemol Shine Group in 2015. On 3 July 2020, France-based Banijay bought the studio through former's acquisition of Endemol Shine Group.
Shymkent Children's Railway
The Shymkent Children's Railway (Russian: Чимкентская детская железная дорога им. Героя Советского Союза Гани Муратбаева, Tschimkentskaja detskaja schelesnaja doroga im. Geroja Sowetskowo Sojusa Gani Muratbajewa) is a narrow gauge children's railway in Shymkent in Kazachstan. The track with a gauge of 750 mm (2 ft 5+1⁄2 in) has a length of 6 kilometres (3.7 mi). It has two railway stations. The railway was inaugurated in 1980 as one of the many pioneer railways in the Soviet Union.

Pioneer movement
A pioneer movement is an organization for children operated by a communist party. Typically children enter into the organization in elementary school and continue until adolescence. The adolescents then typically join the Young Communist League. Prior to the 1990s, there was a wide cooperation between pioneer and similar movements of about 30 countries, coordinated by the international organization, International Committee of Children's and Adolescents' Movements (French: Comité international des mouvements d'enfants et d'adolescents, CIMEA), founded in 1958, with headquarters in Budapest, Hungary.
Eugène Devic
Eugène Devic (October 24, 1858 – 1930) was a French neurologist who was a native of Lyon.

He studied medicine in Lyon under internist Léon Bouveret (1850-1929). Later he was associated with the "Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse" and the "Hôtel-Dieu de Lyon".

Devic performed research of numerous neurological disorders, including infantile chorea, cerebral glioma and tumors of the corpus callosum. He was also involved with studies of typhoid fever and mental aspects associated with the disease.

In 1894 Devic and his student Fernand Gault described a rare nervous condition that affected the spinal cord and optic nerves that resembled multiple sclerosis. Today this disorder is referred to as Devic's disease or neuromyelitis optica (NMO).

Optic nerve
In neuroanatomy, the optic nerve, also known as the second cranial nerve, cranial nerve II, or simply CN II, is a paired cranial nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. In humans, the optic nerve is derived from optic stalks during the seventh week of development and is composed of retinal ganglion cell axons and glial cells; it extends from the optic disc to the optic chiasma and continues as the optic tract to the lateral geniculate nucleus, pretectal nuclei, and superior colliculus.
Usnic acid
Usnic acid is a naturally occurring dibenzofuran derivative found in several lichen species with the formula C18H16O7. It was first isolated by German scientist W. Knop in 1844 and first synthesized between 1933 and 1937 by Frank H. Curd and Alexander Robertson. Usnic acid was identified in many genera of lichens including Usnea, Cladonia, Hypotrachyna, Lecanora, Ramalina, Evernia, Parmelia and Alectoria. Although it is generally believed that usnic acid is exclusively restricted to lichens, in a few unconfirmed isolated cases the compound was found in kombucha tea and non-lichenized ascomycetes.

At normal conditions, usnic acid is a bitter, yellow, solid substance. It is known to occur in nature in both the d- and l-forms as well as a racemic mixture. Salts of usnic acid are called usnates (e.g. copper usnate).

Hypotrachyna
Hypotrachyna is a genus of lichenized fungi within the family Parmeliaceae. According to the Dictionary of the Fungi (10th edition, 2008), the widespread genus contains about 198 species. Hypotrachyna was circumscribed by American lichenologist Mason Ellsworth Hale Jr in 1974.
Slobozia Mândra
Slobozia Mândra is a commune in Teleorman County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Slobozia Mândra. It also included two other villages until 2004, when they were split off to form Uda-Clocociov Commune.

The commune is situated in the Wallachian Plain, a short distance from the Olt River. It is located in the western reaches of Teleorman County, on the border with Olt County, 26 km (16 mi) north of Turnu Măgurele and 70 km (43 mi) west of the county seat, Alexandria.

Teleorman County
Teleorman County (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈtele.orman]) is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Bulgaria, in the historical region Muntenia, with its capital city at Alexandria.

The name Teleorman is of Cumanic (Turkic) origin. It literally means wild/crazy forest (modern Turkish, Deli orman) and, by extension, "thick and shadowy forest" in the Cuman language. It can be encountered in other toponyms, such as the Turkish name of the Ludogorie Plateau in northeastern Bulgaria, Deliorman.
Lycia lapponaria
Lycia lapponaria, the Rannoch brindled beauty, is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in most of the northern part of the Palearctic realm, including Scotland.

The wingspan is 26–34 mm for males. Females are wingless. Adult males are on wing from March to April in the south and from May to mid June in the north. There is one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Betula nana, Myrica gale and Calluna vulgaris. Larvae can be found in July. It overwinters as a pupa.

Myrica gale
Myrica gale is a species of flowering plant in the family Myricaceae native to cool temperate regions of Eurasia and North America. Common names include bog-myrtle, sweet gale, Dutch myrtle, and sweetgale.
National Animal Health Reporting System
The National Animal Health Reporting System (NAHRS) is a joint effort of the U.S. Animal Health Association (USAHA), American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians (AAVLD), and USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS).  NAHRS was designed to provide data from chief state animal health officials on the presence of confirmed Office International des Epizooties (OIE) LIST A and B clinical diseases in specific commercial livestock, poultry, and aquaculture species in the United States.  It is intended to be one part of a comprehensive and integrated animal-health surveillance system.

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) is an agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) based in Riverdale, Maryland responsible for protecting animal health, animal welfare, and plant health. APHIS is the lead agency for collaboration with other agencies to protect U.S. agriculture from invasive pests and diseases. APHIS's PPQ is the National Plant Protection Organization for the U.S., and the agency's head of veterinary services/veterinary Deputy Administrator is the Chief Veterinary Officer of the United States.