hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kralendijk
Kralendijk (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkraːlə(n)dɛik]) is the capital and main port of the island of Bonaire in the Caribbean Netherlands. The language spoken in the town is Papiamentu, but Dutch and English are widely used. As of 2017, the town had a population of 10,620. In Papiamentu, the town is often called Playa or "beach".

Off the coast of Kralendijk lies the uninhabited island of Klein Bonaire, noted for diving and snorkeling activities. This small island can be reached by water taxi, or, for divers, by practically all of the local dive operators.

Water taxi
A water taxi or a water bus is a boat used to provide public or private transport, usually, but not always, in an urban environment. Service may be scheduled with multiple stops, operating in a similar manner to a bus, or on demand to many locations, operating in a similar manner to a taxi. A boat service shuttling between two points would normally be described as a ferry rather than a water bus or taxi.

The term water taxi is usually confined to a boat operating on demand, and water bus to a boat operating on a schedule. In North American usage, the terms are roughly synonymous.

The earliest water taxi service was recorded as operating around the area that became Manchester, England.
Nature Is Speaking
Nature Is Speaking is an ongoing environmental awareness campaign by Conservation International that was launched in 2014. The campaign is developed by TBWA\Media Arts Lab and produced by RadicalMedia for Conservation International. It was conceptualized by Peter Seligmann and Lee Clow and its launch was led by M. Sanjayan.

RadicalMedia
RadicalMedia, LLC is an independent global media and creative production company. Founded by Jon Kamen and Frank Scherma, the company had developed film, television, and branded content.

In 2010, Fremantle purchased a 60 percent stake in the company. In 2015, RadicalMedia bought back the company's shares, retaining its majority ownership.
Zeuthen–Segre invariant
In algebraic geometry, the Zeuthen–Segre invariant I is an invariant of a projective surface found in a complex projective space which was introduced by Zeuthen (1871) and rediscovered by Corrado Segre (1896).

The invariant I is defined to be d – 4g – b if the surface has a pencil of curves, non-singular of genus g except for d curves with 1 ordinary node, and with b base points where the curves are non-singular and transverse.

Alexander (1914) showed that the Zeuthen–Segre invariant I is χ–4, where χ is the topological Euler–Poincaré characteristic introduced by Poincaré (1895), which is equal to the Chern number c2 of the surface.

Crunode
In mathematics, a crunode (archaic; from Latin crux "cross" + node) or node of an algebraic curve is a type of singular point at which the curve intersects itself so that both branches of the curve have distinct tangent lines at the point of intersection. A crunode is also known as an ordinary double point.

In the case of a smooth real plane curve f(x, y) = 0, a point is a crunode provided that both first partial derivatives vanish

and the Hessian determinant is negative:
Marco Fidel Suárez Air Base
Marco Fidel Suárez Air Base (Spanish: Base Aérea Marco Fidel Suárez) (ICAO: SKGB) is a Colombian military base assigned to the Colombian Aerospace Force (Fuerza Aeroespacial Colombiana or FAC) Military Aviation School (Escuela Militar de Aviación or EMAVI). The base is located in Cali (also known as Santiago de Cali), a city in the Valle del Cauca department of Colombia. It is named for Marco Fidel Suárez, a former president of Colombia.

Marco Fidel Suárez
Marco Fidel Suárez (April 23, 1855 – April 3, 1927) was a Colombian political figure. He served as president of Colombia from 1918 to 1921. He was born on April 23, 1855, in the town of Hatoviejo, Antioquia. His parents were Rosalía Suárez and José María Barrientos.
The Cheat (1937 film)
The Cheat (French: Forfaiture) is a 1937 French drama film directed by Marcel L'Herbier and starring Victor Francen, Sessue Hayakawa and Louis Jouvet. It is a remake of the American silent film The Cheat by Cecil B. DeMille.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Robert Gys. It was shot at the Billancourt Studios in Paris.

Billancourt Studios
Billancourt Studios was a film studio in Paris which operated between 1922 and 1992. Located in Boulogne-Billancourt, it was one of the leading French studios. It was founded in the silent era by Henri Diamant-Berger. During the Second World War the studio was used by Continental Films, a company financed by the German occupiers. They are also known as the Paris-Studio-Cinéma. They should not be confused with the nearby Boulogne Studios.
Walker H. Land
Walker Haden Land, Jr. (born May 29, 1932) is a former research professor in the Department of Bioengineering at Binghamton University. Land joined the faculty at Binghamton after a long career at IBM, and has publications in the fields of complex adaptive systems, statistical learning theory, bioinformatics, and cancer research.

With his background in creating code and years of work at companies like IBM, Land was instrumental in perfecting the weights and bias for codes that are capable of solving complex adaptive systems.

Complex adaptive system
A complex adaptive system (CAS) is a system that is complex in that it is a dynamic network of interactions, but the behavior of the ensemble may not be predictable according to the behavior of the components. It is adaptive in that the individual and collective behavior mutate and self-organize corresponding to the change-initiating micro-event or collection of events. It is a "complex macroscopic collection" of relatively "similar and partially connected micro-structures" formed in order to adapt to the changing environment and increase their survivability as a macro-structure. The Complex Adaptive Systems approach builds on replicator dynamics.

The study of complex adaptive systems, a subset of nonlinear dynamical systems, is an interdisciplinary matter that attempts to blend insights from the natural and social sciences to develop system-level models and insights that allow for heterogeneous agents, phase transition, and emergent behavior.
Vikerlased
Vikerlased (The Vikings) is an Estonian opera in three acts by Evald Aav, his only opera. It is considered to be the first Estonian opera. The libretto is by Voldemar Loo, brother of the composer's first wife, Ida Loo-Talvari. The libretto depicts events related to Pillage of Sigtuna in 1187.

The premiere was on 8 September 1928 at the Estonia Theatre in Tallinn, conducted by Raimund Kull.

The opera lasts approximately 2 hours and 15 minutes.

Evald Aav
Evald Aav (7 March [O.S. 22 February] 1900 – 21 March 1939) was an Estonian composer born in Tallinn, Governorate of Estonia, Russian Empire. He studied music composition there with Artur Kapp and wrote primarily vocal music to words in the Estonian language. In 1928 he composed the first national Estonian opera, Vikerlased (The Vikings). The opera premiered in Tallinn on 8 September 1928. He modelled his style of composition after Tchaikovsky.

Aav was married to opera singer Ida Loo-Talvari from 1926 until 1937 when the couple divorced.
Charlotte Desmares
Christine Antoinette Charlotte Desmares (1682 – 12 September 1753), professionally known as Mlle Desmares, was a French stage actress. Scion of a notable comic actor family, she had an active stage career that spanned three decades, performing with the Comédie-Française from 1699 until her retirement in 1721; she was also remembered as a mistress of Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, Regent of France.

The Embarkation for Cythera
The Embarkation for Cythera ("L'embarquement pour Cythère") is a painting by the French painter Jean-Antoine Watteau.

It is also known as Voyage to Cythera and Pilgrimage to the Isle of Cythera.  Watteau submitted this work to the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture as his reception piece in 1717. The painting is now in the Louvre, Paris. A second version of the work, sometimes called Pilgrimage to Cythera to distinguish it, was painted by Watteau about 1718 or 1719 and is in the Charlottenburg Palace, Berlin.  These elaborated a much simpler depiction painted by Watteau in 1709 or 1710, which is now in Frankfurt.

The painting was featured in the 1980 BBC Two series 100 Great Paintings.
Dataplot
Dataplot is a public domain software system for scientific visualization and statistical analysis. It was developed and is being maintained at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Dataplot's source code is available and in public domain.

Statistical inference
Statistical inference is the process of using data analysis to infer properties of an underlying probability distribution. Inferential statistical analysis infers properties of a population, for example by testing hypotheses and deriving estimates. It is assumed that the observed data set is sampled from a larger population.

Inferential statistics can be contrasted with descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics is solely concerned with properties of the observed data, and it does not rest on the assumption that the data come from a larger population. In machine learning, the term inference is sometimes used instead to mean "make a prediction, by evaluating an already trained model"; in this context inferring properties of the model is referred to as training or learning (rather than inference), and using a model for prediction is referred to as inference (instead of prediction); see also predictive inference.
Lauren Townsend (footballer)
Lauren Hutton-Townsend (born 10 November 1990) is a footballer who plays as a defender for the Wales national team and Cardiff City LFC. Townsend won 20 caps for Wales at under-19 level. She made her senior debut on 30 January 2008; a 1–1 friendly draw with Portugal in Mafra, Portugal.

Mafra, Portugal
Mafra (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈmafɾɐ] ⓘ) is a city and a municipality in the district of Lisbon, on the west coast of Portugal, and part of the urban agglomeration of the Greater Lisbon subregion. The population in 2011 was 76,685, in an area of 291.66 km2.

It is mostly known for the sumptuous Mafra National Palace inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Built in the baroque style, the Mafra National Palace also inspired Portuguese Nobel Prize laureate José Saramago to write his novel Baltasar and Blimunda (Memorial do Convento). Other points of interest around the municipality include the Tapada Nacional de Mafra (also part of the UNESCO site), an enclosed wildlife and game reserve, and Ericeira's World Surf Reserve, the second in the world.
Angélique and the King
Angélique and the King (French: Angélique et le Roy) is a 1959 novel by Anne Golon and Serge Golon, the second novel in the Angélique series. It was inspired by the life of Suzanne de Rougé du Plessis-Bellière, known as the Marquise du Plessis-Bellière. The novel is set during the Franco-Dutch War (1672-1678).

Angélique's marriage to Jeoffrey de Peyrac is thought to parallel that of the daughter of Madame de Sévigné, Françoise-Marguerite de Sévigné to the Comte de Grignan.

There are some similarities between the career of Angélique's second husband, Philippe de Plessis du Bellière, and that of the historical Comte d'Artagnan, well-known through his fictionalized depiction in Alexandre Dumas's The Three Musketeers and its sequels.

In 1966, the book was adapted into a film titled Angelique and the King.

Rougé
Rougé (French pronunciation: [ʁuʒe] ⓘ; Breton: Ruzieg) is a commune in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France, near Rennes.

The name "Rougé" comes from the Latin "Rubiacus", means the red place, in reference to the high iron-composition of the ground.
Hypergeometric distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the hypergeometric distribution is a discrete probability distribution that describes the probability of  successes (random draws for which the object drawn has a specified feature) in  draws, without replacement, from a finite population of size  that contains exactly  objects with that feature, where in each draw is either a success or a failure. In contrast, the binomial distribution describes the probability of  successes in  draws with replacement.

Probability mass function
In probability and statistics, a probability mass function (sometimes called probability function or frequency function) is a function that gives the probability that a discrete random variable is exactly equal to some value.  Sometimes it is also known as the discrete probability density function. The probability mass function is often the primary means of defining a discrete probability distribution, and such functions exist for either scalar or multivariate random variables whose domain is discrete.

A probability mass function differs from a continuous probability density function (PDF) in that the latter is associated with continuous rather than discrete random variables. A continuous PDF must be integrated over an interval to yield a probability.

The value of the random variable having the largest probability mass is called the mode.
The Plot Against the Giant
"The Plot Against the Giant" is a poem from Wallace Stevens's first book of poetry, Harmonium. It was first published in 1917, so it is in the public domain.

Stevens was called "the Giant" in his Harvard days, and he confessed in an interview a year before his death that "[i]n my younger days I liked girls. But let's not stress that. I have a wife." The mumbling giant, perhaps a lumberjack sharpening his axe, may be compared to the bucks whose course is changed by the firecat poet in "Earthy Anecdote", here replaced by three girls. The poet challenges and changes the ordinary. The yokel may be checked, abashed, and undone. Maybe he is changed.

The poem's theme of beguiling female and bumbling male can be compared to "Last Looks at the Lilacs" and "Two Figures in Dense Violet Night".

Buttel detects a hint of the work of the Pointillists in the "cloths besprinkled with colors / As small as fish eggs."

Pointillism
Pointillism (/ˈpwæ̃tɪlɪzəm/, also US: /ˈpwɑːn-ˌ ˈpɔɪn-/) is a technique of painting in which small, distinct dots of color are applied in patterns to form an image.

Georges Seurat and Paul Signac developed the technique in 1886, branching from Impressionism.  The term "Pointillism" was coined by art critics in the late 1880s to ridicule the works of these artists, but is now used without its earlier pejorative connotation. The movement Seurat began with this technique is known as Neo-impressionism. The Divisionists used a similar technique of patterns to form images, though with larger cube-like brushstrokes.
Synagogue of Vesoul
The Synagogue of Vesoul (French: Synagogue de Vesoul) is a former Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 11 rue du Moulin-des-Prés, in the city of Vesoul, in Haute-Saône department of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of France. Whilst active, the congregation worshipped in the Ashkenazi rite.

The building was erected in 1875 and classified as a monument historique on December 5, 1984. In 2011 the organization that owned the building, Les Restos du Coeur, decided to sell it.

Nusach (Jewish custom)
In Judaism, a nusach or nusakh (Hebrew: נוסח, romanized: nusáḥ, Yiddish: נוסח, romanized: núsekh, pl. נוסחים nusaḥim, Yiddish: נוסחאות, romanized: nuskhóes) is the exact text of a Jewish prayer service, sometimes translated as "rite". Nusach may more accurately translate to "formulation" or "wording".

The texts of siddurim used by the array of Jewish ethnic divisions and religious movements include Baladi-rite prayer, nusach Ashkenaz, nusach Sefard, nusach edot haMizraḥ, Italian nusach, and nusach Ari.

A textual nusach is distinct from a musical nusach, the latter referring to a community's musical style or tradition, particularly the chanted melodies used for the Amidah and other recitative prayers.
Keda Cone
Keda Cone, sometimes mistakenly called Kena Cone and sometimes referred to by the numeronym SLF-9, is a cinder cone in northwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the Snowshoe Lava Field of Mount Edziza Provincial Park, having last erupted during the Holocene epoch.

Cinder cone
A cinder cone or scoria cone is a steep, conical landform of loose pyroclastic fragments, such as volcanic ash, clinkers, or scoria that has been built around a volcanic vent. The pyroclastic fragments are formed by explosive eruptions or tall lava fountains from a single, typically cylindrical, vent.

As the gas-charged lava is blown violently into the air, it breaks into small fragments that solidify and fall as either scoria which is also referred to cinder and clinker around the vent to form a cone that is often symmetrical, with slopes between 30° and 40° and a nearly circular base. Most cinder cones have a bowl-shaped crater at the summit.
Grada Hermina Marius
Grada Hermina Marius or G.H. Marius (June 7, 1854 – November 8, 1919) was a Dutch writer and painter.

Marius was born in Hengelo but was trained under Jan Striening (1827-1903) in Deventer. She then moved to Amsterdam where she trained under August Allebé. In 1883 she settled in the Hague, where she became an art critic as well as continuing to draw and paint as a member of Pulchri Studio. She lived with her brother's family, and after he died in 1903 she stayed in the house with his surviving family and earned a living with her books, which were well received.

The Wagoneer

1907 calendar of Jan Steen paintings

Marius died in The Hague.

Pulchri Studio
Pulchri Studio (Latin: "For the study of the beautiful") is a Dutch art society, art institution and art studio based in The Hague ('s-Gravenhage), Netherlands.

This institute began in 1847 at the home of painter Lambertus Hardenberg. Since 1893 the club has its residence in the villa at Lange Voorhout in The Hague. Membership is made up of painters, sculptors, photographers and art lovers, with members selected by a committee.

An artist's membership allows them to exhibit their own works in the galleries of the Company. Guests have to be invited by members.
Sylwia Nowak-Trębacka
Sylwia Nowak-Trębacka (Polish pronunciation: [ˈsɨlvja ˈnɔvak trɛmˈbat͡ska]; born 28 April 1976) is a Polish ice dancing coach and former competitor. With partner Sebastian Kolasiński, she is the 1998 Skate Canada International bronze medalist, 1999 Cup of Russia bronze medalist, 1994 World Junior champion, and a nine-time Polish national champion.

1999 Cup of Russia
The 1999 Cup of Russia was the fifth event of six in the 1999–2000 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating, a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at the Sports and Concert Complex in Saint Petersburg on November 24–28. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 1999–2000 Grand Prix Final.
Minster, Swale
Minster is a town on the north coast of the Isle of Sheppey in Kent, south-east England. It is in the Swale administrative district, and within that, in the parish of Minster-on-Sea. According to the 2021 Census, the population of Minster was 17,389.

Borough of Swale
Swale is a local government district with borough status in Kent, England. The council is based in Sittingbourne, the borough's largest town. The borough also contains the towns of Faversham, Queenborough and Sheerness, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. It includes the Isle of Sheppey and is named after The Swale, the narrow channel which separates Sheppey from the mainland part of the borough. Some southern parts of the borough lie within the Kent Downs, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The borough borders the Medway unitary authority area to the west, the Borough of Maidstone to the south-west, the Borough of Ashford to the south-east, and the City of Canterbury to the east. Under proposed reorganisation in either April 2027 or 2028 the borough will face abolition and will join with one or more adjoining councils to form a new Unitary Authority. Details of such proposals are expected in Autumn 2025.
Peter Barinka
Peter Barinka (born April 6, 1977) is a Slovak former professional ice hockey player.

He played in the Czech Extraliga for HC Zlín, HC Oceláři Třinec and BK Mladá Boleslav. He also played in the Slovak Extraliga for HK Dukla Trenčín, HK Spišská Nová Ves, HKm Zvolen, MsHK Žilina and HK Nitra.

HK Spišská Nová Ves
HK Spišská Nová Ves is a professional Slovak ice hockey club based in Spišská Nová Ves. They currently play in the Slovak Extraliga. The club is a four-time and current winner of the second highest competition Slovak 1. Liga, as it won in the 2020–21 season and advanced to Slovak Extraliga. They play their home games in Spiš Aréna in the eastern Slovak town Spišská Nová Ves. The team was established in 1932.
Joseph C. Salema
Joseph C. Salema is the former Chief of Staff to New Jersey Governor James Florio, a position he held from 1990 to 1993. Salema resigned in the Spring of 1993 amid intensifying media scrutiny during an investigation of illegal misconduct while serving the State of New Jersey.

He lives in Wenonah, New Jersey and is the married father of two children.

James Florio
James Joseph Florio (August 29, 1937 – September 25, 2022) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 49th governor of New Jersey from 1990 to 1994. He was previously the U.S. representative for New Jersey's 1st congressional district from 1975 to 1990 and served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1970 to 1975. He was a member of the Democratic Party.
GWR Mather, Dixon locomotives
The first 19 locomotives ordered by Isambard Kingdom Brunel for the Great Western Railway included six 2-2-2 Mather, Dixon locomotives. They were built by Mather, Dixon and Company, but were unsuccessful, and were rapidly replaced by the Star Class locomotives ordered by Daniel Gooch, once he had been appointed as the Locomotive Engineer.

Daniel Gooch
Sir Daniel Gooch, 1st Baronet (24 August 1816 – 15 October 1889) was an English railway locomotive and transatlantic cable engineer. He was the first Superintendent of Locomotive Engines on the Great Western Railway from 1837 to 1864 and its chairman from 1865 until his death in 1889.

Between 1865 and 1885 Gooch was Conservative MP for Cricklade.
Yeo Valley Rap
"Yeo Valley Rap" is an advertising campaign for the family-owned farming and dairy company, Yeo Valley Organic by the "Yeo Valley Boyz", which features Mr George and Lisa Roxanne. The advert was produced by Boi-1da and the lyrics were written by Mr George. After much positive feedback came for the advert, the rap was added to iTunes for digital download from October 27, 2010 on Black Sheep Music.

Boi-1da
Matthew Jehu Samuels (born October 12, 1986), known professionally as Boi-1da (a play on Boy Wonder) is a Canadian record producer and songwriter based in Toronto, Ontario.

He is an in-house producer for Drake's OVO Sound label and has produced for a variety of artists and groups, most notably Drake, Rihanna, Eminem, Jay-Z, Nicki Minaj, Nas, Jack Harlow, Kanye West and Kendrick Lamar among others. In 2015, Samuels served as the executive producer for Drake's mixtape If You're Reading This It's Too Late.
HMS Charon (1778)
HMS Charon was a 44-gun fifth rate in service with the Royal Navy. Constructed in 1778, the ship took part in several conflicts in the Americas before being destroyed during the 1781 Siege of Yorktown. Her wreck lies in the York River.

Fortaleza de San Fernando
The Fortaleza de San Fernando (also known as the Castillo de San Fernando de Omoa) is a colonial-era Spanish fortress in Omoa, Honduras. Built between 1756 and 1775, the fortress guarded Spanish interests in the-then Captaincy General of Guatemala before being seized by the Honduran government in 1821. The fortress remains relatively intact, and is a major tourist attraction in Omoa.