hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Halfdan Grieg
Halfdan Grieg (17 December 1907 – 6 February 1971) was a Norwegian shipowner.

He was born in Bergen as a son of ship-owner Halfdan Grieg, Sr. (1864–1940) and Ragna, née Geelmuyden (1868–1947).

He finished his secondary education in 1926 and took mercantile education at Columbia University in 1926–27. After shipping experience in the United States, England and Germany he worked in the shipping firm Joachim Grieg & Co. from 1932 and became a partner in 1937. During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany he was imprisoned in Bergen in June–July 1942.

After the war he became involved in the fledgling commercial aviation industry in Norway, as chairman of the board of West Norway Airlines. He died in 1971.

German occupation of Norway
The occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany during the Second World War began on 9 April 1940 after Operation Weserübung. Conventional armed resistance to the German invasion ended on 10 June 1940, and Nazi Germany controlled Norway until the capitulation of German forces in Europe on 8 May 1945. Throughout this period, a pro-German government named Den nasjonale regjering ('the National Government') ruled Norway, while the Norwegian king Haakon VII and the prewar government escaped to London, where they formed a government in exile. Civil rule was effectively assumed by the Reichskommissariat Norwegen (Reich Commissariat of Norway), which acted in collaboration with the pro-German puppet government. This period of military occupation is, in Norway, referred to as the "war years", "occupation period" or simply "the war".
Gérard Biguet
Gérard Biguet (born 16 June 1946 in Jarny) is a retired French football referee, who refereed one match at the 1992 UEFA European Football Championship: CIS versus Germany.

He is known to have served as a FIFA referee during the period from 1982 to 1992. Biguet officiated at the 1988 Olympic tournament in Seoul, the 1983 FIFA World Youth Championship, qualifying matches for the Euro 1984, and Euro 1992 tournaments, and qualifying matches for the 1990 World Cup.

Biguet also worked as a futsal referee, officiating at the 1989 FIFA Futsal World Championship.

CIS national football team
The Commonwealth of Independent States national football team (Russian: Сборная СНГ по футболу, Sbornaya SNG po futbolu) was a transitional national team of the Football Federation of the Soviet Union in 1992. It was accepted that the team would represent the Commonwealth of Independent States that was formed as a loose union of former union republics of the Soviet Union after the nation's dissolution.

The CIS team was created to allow the Soviet national team to participate in Euro 1992 having already secured their place in the tournament after participating in qualifying, and having done so before the Soviet Union was dissolved. The only way to preserve the spot for the post-Soviet team was to take part in the competition as a unified team.
2013–14 in Australian soccer
The 2013–14 season was the 45th season of national competitive soccer in Australia and 131st overall.

2013 was the inaugural season of the National Premier Leagues, with five member federations participating.

Sanfrecce Hiroshima
Sanfrecce Hiroshima (Japanese: サンフレッチェ広島, romanized: Sanfuretche Hiroshima) is a Japanese professional football club based in Hiroshima. The club competes in the J1 League, top flight of the Japanese football league system. Sanfrecce is one of the most successful clubs in Japan. The club is the joint fourth in most J1 League titles with three, the joint first in most top-flight titles (which includes the defunct Japan Soccer League), with eight, and the club with the most participations in Emperor's Cup finals, with 15.

Sanfrecce have won three J1 League, three Emperor's Cup, one J.League Cup and four Japanese Super Cup titles. Internationally, the club has made two appearances in the FIFA Club World Cup, with their most recent appearance being in the 2015 edition.
Uniontown Historic District (Uniontown, Maryland)
Uniontown Historic District is a national historic district at Uniontown, Carroll County, Maryland, United States.  The district comprises nearly the entirety of Uniontown and contains a remarkably cohesive and well-preserved collection of houses, commercial buildings, churches, and schools reflecting the development of this agricultural village from the turn of the 19th century through the 1930s.  It is an example of a linear townscape typical of small settlements in rural north-central Maryland during the 19th century.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

Carroll County, Maryland
Carroll County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 172,891. Its county seat is Westminster. The county is part of the Central Maryland region of the state. Carroll County is included in the Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area. While predominantly rural, southern areas of the county have become increasingly suburban in recent years.
Demijohn Lake
Demijohn Lake is a J-shaped lake in Thunder Bay District, Ontario, Canada. It is about 750 metres (2,461 ft) long and 100 metres (328 ft) wide, and lies at an elevation of 390 metres (1,280 ft). The primary inflow and outflow is the Whitesand River.

Thunder Bay District
Thunder Bay District is a district and census division in Northwestern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. The district seat is Thunder Bay.

Most of the district (93.5%) is unincorporated and part of the Unorganized Thunder Bay District.
Oologah Lake
Lake Oologah is a reservoir in northeastern Oklahoma. It is located near the towns of Oologah, Nowata, and Claremore. The lake has a surface of 29,500 acres (119 km2) of water and
209 miles (336 km) of shoreline with 11 lake-side parks. The water storage capacity is rated as 552,210 acre-feet (681,140,000 m3). The lake is formed along the Verdigris River, and is a source of water for the Tulsa Metropolitan Area. The purpose of the dam and lake is flood control, water supply, navigation, and recreation. Recreation opportunities include fishing, hunting, hiking and horseback riding, sailing, camping, and picnicking.

Nowata, Oklahoma
Nowata (Lenape: Nuwatu, Nuwi ta ) is a city in and the county seat of Nowata County, Oklahoma, United States. As of the 2020 census, Nowata had a population of 3,517. The area where it was established was then part of the Cherokee Nation in Indian Territory.
Francis Greenway Correctional Complex
Francis Greenway Correctional Complex, formerly John Morony Correctional Complex is an Australian minimum security prison complex for males and females located in Berkshire Park, 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Windsor in New South Wales, Australia. The complex is operated by Corrective Services NSW, an agency of the Department of Communities and Justice, of the Government of New South Wales.

The complex comprises three separate correctional facilities, two for men and one for women: the John Morony Correctional Centre; the Geoffrey Pearce Correctional Centre (formerly Outer Metropolitan Multi Purpose Correctional Centre); and Dillwynia Correctional Centre.

Berkshire Park
Berkshire Park is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It covers 19.3 square kilometres (7.5 sq mi) within the local government area of City of Penrith.  The suburb has a diverse range of activity, including a pet cemetery, correctional facility, nature reserve, waste management centre and a racehorse education centre.
Biejków
Biejków [ˈbjɛi̯kuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, in Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It is approximately 4 km (2 mi) northeast of Promna, 7 km (4 mi) northeast of Białobrzegi, and 58 km (36 mi) south of Warsaw.

Five Polish citizens were murdered by Nazi Germany in the village during World War II.

Białobrzegi
Białobrzegi [bʲawɔˈbʐɛɡʲi] is a town in Masovian Voivodeship, Poland, about 65 kilometres (40 miles) south of Warsaw. It is the capital of the Białobrzegi County and Gmina Białobrzegi (commune). The town is located on the border of the Białobrzegi Valley and Radom Plain, about 30 kilometres (19 miles) northwest of Radom. The river Pilica flows through the town. Białobrzegi is located in the Polish historic region of Mazovia, near its boundary with Lesser Poland. As of December 2021, the town has a population of 6,749.
Berlin Alexanderplatz (miniseries)
Berlin Alexanderplatz (German: [bɛʁˈliːn ʔalɛkˈsandɐˌplats]), originally broadcast in 1980, is a 14-part West German crime television miniseries, set in 1920s Berlin and adapted and directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder from Alfred Döblin's 1929 novel of the same name. It stars Günter Lamprecht, Hanna Schygulla, Barbara Sukowa, Elisabeth Trissenaar and Gottfried John. The complete series is 15 hours (NTSC and home media releases expand the runtime by half an hour).

In 1983, it was released theatrically in the United States by TeleCulture, where a theater would show two or three parts per night. It garnered a cult following there and was eventually released on VHS and broadcast on PBS and then Bravo. In 1985, it was transmitted in the United Kingdom on Channel 4.

Bravo (American TV network)
Bravo is an American basic cable television network, launched on December 8, 1980. It is owned by the NBCUniversal Media Group division of Comcast's NBCUniversal. The channel originally focused on programming related to fine arts and film. Since the 2000s, it has focused heavily on reality series targeted at 25-54 year-old women and the LGBTQ community at large. Its former sister channels are Nickelodeon and IFC, which are currently owned by Paramount Skydance Corporation and AMC Networks, respectively. As of November 2023, Bravo is available to approximately 70 million pay television households in the United States, down from its 2013 peak of 95 million households.
Politics of the Cook Islands
The politics of the Cook Islands takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democracy within a constitutional monarchy. The monarch of New Zealand, represented in the Cook Islands by the King or Queen's Representative, is the head of state; the prime minister is the head of government of a multi-party system. The nation is self-governing and fully responsible for its internal and foreign affairs; it has run its own foreign and defence policy since 2001. Executive power is exercised by the government, while legislative power is vested in both the government and the parliament. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislatures.

Joe Williams (Cook Islands politician)
Joseph Williams QSO (4 October 1934 – 4 September 2020) was a Cook Islands politician and physician who served as Prime Minister of the Cook Islands for four months in 1999. He is credited with having worked to prevent the spread of the tropical disease lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis). He principally resided in Auckland, New Zealand, where he was medical director of the Mt Wellington Integrated Family Health Centre.
A. Thangarasu
A. Thangarasu was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from Kurinjipadi constituency in 1980, and 1984 elections and as an Independent candidate from Kattumannarkoil constituency in 1989 election.

1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election
The seventh legislative assembly election of Tamil Nadu was held on 28 May 1980. The election was held two years before the end of the M. G. Ramachandran (MGR) administration's term, as it was dissolved for the failure of the state machinery by the then President of India Neelam Sanjiva Reddy. Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam allied with the Indian National Congress (Indira) and All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam allied with Janata Party. Despite their landslide victory of 37 out of 39 seats at the general election in January 1980, DMK and the Indira Congress failed to win the legislative assembly election. AIADMK won the election and its leader and incumbent Chief Minister MGR was sworn in as Chief Minister for the second time.
The Last Cartridges
The Last Cartridges (French: Les Dernières Cartouches, also released as Bombardement d'une Maison; Star Film Catalogue no. 105) is an 1897 French short silent war film directed by Georges Méliès, based on the 1873 painting of the same name by Alphonse de Neuville. The film recreates the defense of a house at Bazeilles on 1 September 1870 at the Battle of Sedan during the Franco-Prussian War.

The film was a great success and inspired the Lumière, Pathé and Gaumont studios to film imitations.

Georges Méliès
Marie-Georges-Jean Méliès (/meɪlˈjɛs/ mayl-YES, French: [maʁi ʒɔʁʒ ʒɑ̃ meljɛs]; 8 December 1861 – 21 January 1938) was a French filmmaker, actor, magician, and toymaker. He led many technical and narrative developments in the early days of cinema, primarily in the fantasy and science fiction genres. Méliès rose to prominence creating "trick films" and became well known for his innovative use of special effects, popularizing such techniques as substitution splices, multiple exposures, time-lapse photography, dissolves, and hand-painted colour. He was also one of the first filmmakers to use storyboards in his work. His most important films include A Trip to the Moon (1902) and The Impossible Voyage (1904).
Paperback Hero (1973 film)
Paperback Hero is a 1973 Canadian film, directed by Peter Pearson, which starred Keir Dullea and Elizabeth Ashley. It is set in Saskatchewan and portrays the life of a big-fish minor-league hockey player in a little-pond town.  The movie was filmed in Delisle, Saskatchewan.

It was originally titled Last of the Big Guns, but was renamed to reflect the lyrics of Gordon Lightfoot's "If You Could Read My Mind", which was featured on the soundtrack.

It won the Canadian Film Awards in 1973 for Film Editing, Overall Sound, and Cinematography.

It was later screened at the 1984 Festival of Festivals as part of Front & Centre, a special retrospective program of artistically and culturally significant films from throughout the history of Canadian cinema. It was selected in 2006 for TIFF's Canadian Open Vault program, which preserves examples of notable Canadian cinema.

If You Could Read My Mind
"If You Could Read My Mind" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Gordon Lightfoot. Lightfoot wrote the lyrics while he was reflecting on his own divorce. It reached number one on the Canadian Singles Chart on commercial release in 1970 and charted in several other countries on international release in 1971.
Hapuka River
The Hapuka River is a river of Westland District, New Zealand. It flows from near The Woolsack north-west to join the Okuru and Turnbull Rivers just before they enter the Tasman Sea. The river is slow-moving and drains swampy land. There are brown trout in the lagoon area.

Tasman Sea
The Tasman Sea is a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean, situated between Australia and New Zealand. It measures about 2,000 km (1,200 mi) across and about 2,800 km (1,700 mi) from north to south. The sea was named after the Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman, who in 1642 was the first known European to cross it. British explorer Lieutenant James Cook later extensively navigated the Tasman Sea in the 1770s during his three voyages of exploration.

The Māori people of New Zealand call this sea Te Moana-a-Rehua meaning 'the sea of Rehua' which clashes with the Pacific waters named Te Tai-o-Whitirea ('the sea of Whitirea') – after Whitirea, Rehua's lover – at Cape Reinga, the northernmost tip of North Island.
Goodooga, New South Wales
Goodooga is a town in the Australian state of New South Wales in Brewarrina Shire on the eastern bank of the Bokhara River.  It is near Brewarrina and Lightning Ridge, its closest neighbour. The town lies 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of the Queensland border, and the border town of Hebel.

The shire council built the 'Great Artesian Baths' on the northside of town, heated water pool from the Great Artesian Basin.

The Goodooga airstrip is 8.1 kilometres (5 mi) west-north-west of the town (29°4′22.5″S 147°23′16″E﻿ / ﻿29.072917°S 147.38778°E﻿ / -29.072917; 147.38778).

Great Artesian Basin
The Great Artesian Basin (GAB) of Australia is the largest and deepest artesian basin in the world, extending over 1,700,000 square kilometres (660,000 sq mi). Measured water temperatures range from 30 to 100 °C (86 to 212 °F). The basin provides the only source of fresh water through much of inland Australia.

The basin underlies 22% of the Australian continent, including most of Queensland, the south-east corner of the Northern Territory, north-eastern South Australia, and northern New South Wales. It is 3000 metres (9800 feet) deep in places and is estimated to contain 64,900 cubic kilometres (15,600 cubic miles) of groundwater. The Great Artesian Basin Coordinating Committee (GABCC) coordinates activity between federal, state/territory, and local levels of government and community organisations.
Asgar Zaheer
Asgar Zaheer is a neuroscientist and retired Professor of Neurology at the University of Missouri at Columbia and the Emeritus Associate Professor at the University of Iowa.

Zaheer was previously a Research Career Scientist at the Department of Veterans Affairs for 33 years. His research examines the role of Glia Maturation Factor (GMF) in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, with a focus on mechanisms associated with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). He has published in journals including Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of USA, Journal of Biological Chemistry, Journal of Neurochemistry, Brain Research, Biochemistry, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, and Frontiers in Neuroscience.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (often abbreviated PNAS or PNAS USA) is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal. It is the official journal of the National Academy of Sciences, published since 1915, and publishes original research, scientific reviews, commentaries, and letters. According to Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2024 impact factor of 8.9. PNAS is the second most cited scientific journal, with more than 1.9 million cumulative citations from 2008 to 2018. In the past, PNAS has been described by US local newspapers as "prestigious", "renowned" and "high impact".

PNAS is a delayed open-access journal, with an embargo period of six months that can be bypassed for an author fee (hybrid open access). Since September 2017, open access articles are published under a Creative Commons license. Since January 2019, PNAS has been online-only, although print issues are available on demand.
1943–44 County Antrim Shield
The 1943–44 County Antrim Shield was the 55th edition of the County Antrim Shield, a cup competition in Northern Irish football.

Glentoran won the tournament for the 11th time, defeating Belfast Celtic 3–0 in the final at Solitude.

County Antrim Shield
The County Antrim & District Football Association Senior Shield (more commonly known as the County Antrim Shield) is a football competition in Northern Ireland. The competition is open to senior teams who are members of the North East Ulster Football Association (also known as the County Antrim & District Football Association) (membership of which extends geographically beyond County Antrim itself), often plus intermediate teams who qualify via the Steel & Sons Cup, depending on the numbers required. For the 2010–11 and 2011-12 seasons, only the winners took part.

The current Shield holders are Carrick Rangers, who beat Cliftonville 4-2 on penalties in the 2025–26 final, winning the trophy for the first time since the 1992–93 season.
Stellar (song)
"Stellar" is a song by American rock band Incubus. It was released on June 13, 2000, as the second single from their third album Make Yourself. The song reached number 2 on the US Modern Rock Tracks and also reached number 17 on the US Mainstream Rock charts and number 7 on Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles.

Brandon Boyd
Brandon Charles Boyd (born February 15, 1976) is an American musician, best known as the lead vocalist of the rock band Incubus, with whom he has recorded eight studio albums.

In addition to his work with Incubus, Boyd has released two solo albums – The Wild Trapeze (2010), and Echoes & Cocoons (2022) – and has collaborated with producer Brendan O'Brien under the name Sons of the Sea.
Tomasz Wójcik
Tomasz Wójcik (born 6 June 1963 in Warsaw) is a Polish graphic designer, stage designer, theater director and doctor of physical sciences. Creates posters for plays, films, festivals and cultural events and promoting public awareness campaigns.

Trnava
Trnava (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈtr̩naʋa] ⓘ, German: Tyrnau, German: [ˈtʏrnaʊ̯] ⓘ; Hungarian: Nagyszombat [ˈnɒcsombɒt], also known by other alternative names) is a city in western Slovakia, 47 km (29 mi) to the northeast of Bratislava, on the Trnávka river. It is the capital of the Trnava Region and the Trnava District. It is the seat of a Roman Catholic archbishopric (1541–1820 and then again since 1977). The city has a historic center. Because of the many churches within its city walls, Trnava has often been called "Little Rome" (Slovak: Malý Rím, Latin: parva Roma), or more recently, the "Slovak Rome".
Auslander–Buchsbaum formula
In commutative algebra, the Auslander–Buchsbaum formula, introduced by Auslander and  Buchsbaum (1957, theorem 3.7),  states that if R is a commutative Noetherian local ring and M is a non-zero finitely generated R-module of finite projective dimension, then:

Here pd stands for the projective dimension of a module, and depth for the depth of a module.

Finitely generated module
In mathematics, a finitely generated module is a module that has a finite generating set. A finitely generated module over a ring R may also be called a finite R-module, finite over R, or a module of finite type.

Related concepts include finitely cogenerated modules, finitely presented modules, finitely related modules and coherent modules all of which are defined below.  Over a Noetherian ring the concepts of finitely generated, finitely presented and coherent modules coincide.

A finitely generated module over a field is simply a finite-dimensional vector space, and a finitely generated module over the integers is simply a finitely generated abelian group.
Ecce Homo (Murillo)
Ecce Homo is an oil on panel painting of the Ecce Homo motif by Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, created c. 1672-1678, originally commissioned for Seville Cathedral and now held in the El Paso Museum of Art.

It is recorded in the Cathedral's Virgen del Pilar chapel in 1838 and was acquired later that century by Louis-Philippe d'Orleans, King of France, then by John Campbell. It remained in the United Kingdom until being bought in 1955 by Samuel H. Kress, who donated it to its present home in 1961.

Samuel Henry Kress
Samuel Henry Kress (July 23, 1863 – September 22, 1955) was a businessman, philanthropist, and founder of the S. H. Kress & Co. five and ten cent store chain.  With his fortune, Kress amassed one of the most significant collections of Italian Renaissance and European artwork assembled in the 20th century.  In the 1950s and 1960s, a foundation established by Kress would donate 776 works of art from the Kress collection to 18 regional art museums in the United States.