hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2024 Stevenage Borough Council election
The 2024 Stevenage Borough Council election was held on Thursday 2 May 2024, alongside the other local elections in the United Kingdom being held on the same day. All 39 members of Stevenage Borough Council in Hertfordshire were elected following boundary changes.

The election saw the Conservatives nearly wiped out of the council entirely, with them only holding onto one seat in Woodfield. All of their other seats went to the Labour Party. The Liberal Democrats held on to all their seats, becoming the official opposition in Stevenage. No other party made any notable impact or gains in the results.

Woodfield ward saw the rare outcome where two candidates drew on the number of received votes. Labour candidate Robert Boyle and incumbent Conservative councillor Margaret Notley both received 571 votes and had to draw lots to determine who won, with Robert winning.

Drawing lots (decision making)
Drawing lots or drawing straws is a selection method, or a form of sortition, that is used by a group to choose one member of the group to perform a task after none has volunteered for it. The same practice can be used also to choose one of several volunteers, should an agreement not be reached.

The drawing of lots is sometimes used to determine which candidate is elected where the candidates have the same number of votes. In the United Kingdom, drawing lots can be used to decide on the allocation of school places where other criteria result in a tie.
Ornithogalum candicans
Ornithogalum candicans, known as the summer hyacinth, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae, native to moist grassland in South Africa (Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Free State, Kwazulu/Natal, Eastern Cape). It is a bulbous perennial growing to 100–120 cm (39–47 in), with strap-shaped leaves and white snowdrop-like flowers in late summer. It is still widely referenced under its synonym Galtonia candicans. Originally it had been designated as Hyacinthus candicans, by Baker in 1870.

This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Bulb
In botany, a bulb is a short underground stem with fleshy leaves or leaf bases that function as food storage organs during dormancy. In gardening, plants with other kinds of storage organ are also called ornamental bulbous plants or just bulbs.
Mataemon Tanabe
Mataemon Tanabe (田辺 又右衛門, Tanabe Mataemon, 1869–1942) was a Japanese jujutsu practitioner and master of the Fusen-ryū school. He became famous for defeating multiple members of the Kodokan in challenge matches, and came to be considered one of the greatest modern jujutsuka.

Grappling
Grappling is a fighting technique based on throws, trips, sweeps, clinch fighting, ground fighting and submission holds.

Grappling contests often involve takedowns and ground control, and may end when a contestant concedes defeat. Should there be no winner after the match time-limit has lapsed, competition judges will determine the winner based on who exerted more control.

Grappling most commonly does not include striking or the use of weapons. However, some fighting styles or martial arts known especially for their grappling techniques teach tactics that include strikes and weapons either alongside grappling or combined with it.
Reduce (computer algebra system)
REDUCE is a general-purpose computer algebra system originally geared towards applications in physics.

The development of REDUCE was started in 1963 by Anthony C. Hearn; since then, many scientists from all over the world have contributed to its development. REDUCE was open-sourced in December 2008 and is available for free under a modified BSD license on SourceForge. Previously it had cost $695.

REDUCE is written entirely in its own Lisp dialect called Standard Lisp, expressed in an ALGOL-like syntax called RLISP that is also used as the basis for REDUCE's user-level language.

Implementations of REDUCE are available on most variants of Unix, Linux, Microsoft Windows, or Apple Macintosh systems by using an underlying Portable Standard Lisp (PSL) or Codemist Standard Lisp (CSL) implementation.  CSL REDUCE offers a graphical user interface. REDUCE can also be built on other Lisps, such as Common Lisp.

BSD licenses
BSD licenses are a family of permissive free software licenses, imposing minimal restrictions on the use and distribution of covered software. This is in contrast to copyleft licenses, which have share-alike requirements. The original BSD license was used for its namesake, the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), a Unix-like operating system. The original version has since been revised, and its descendants are referred to as modified BSD licenses.

BSD is both a license and a class of license (generally referred to as BSD-like). The modified BSD license (in wide use today) is very similar to the license originally used for the BSD version of Unix. The BSD license is a simple license that merely requires that all code retain the BSD license notice if redistributed in source code format, or reproduce the notice if redistributed in binary format. The BSD license (unlike some other licenses e.g. GPL) does not require that source code be distributed at all.
Burning of Solevu and Tye
The Burning of Solevu and Tye was the first of two punitive expeditions that during the 1840 Fiji expedition of the overall United States Exploring Expedition (a.k.a. the Wilkes Expedition or the Ex. Ex.) between the United States Navy and Marine Corps vs the aforementioned Fijian villages. The catalyst for the burning occurred when a two boat American survey party led by  Lieutenant Oliver Hazard Perry, Jr. (of the Perry Family) and passed midshipman Samuel R. Knox were attacked and robbed of one of their boats by a group of natives in Solevu bay 20 miles southeast of Bua by on Vanua Levu. Wilkes attempted to negotiate with the natives and succeeded in acquiring the boat. However when it was discovered that none of the surveying equipment or the men's possessions were included in the boat, he ordered that the villages of Solevu and the nearby village of Tye be put to the torch.: 253–278 : 203–204 : 209–212

Bua Province
Bua (Fijian pronunciation: [ᵐbu.a]) is one of fourteen provinces of Fiji.  Located in the west of the northern island of Vanua Levu, it is one of three northern provinces, and has a land area of 1,379 square kilometers within the three main districts of Bua, Vuya and Wainunu.

Bua also is one of the port of entries into Vanua Levu. This port is located in Nabouwalu that is equipped with a jetty where ships berth. Fiji government is soon planning to declare Nabouwalu a township.
Symphony No. 9 (Milhaud)
The Symphony No. 9, Op. 380, is a work for orchestra by French composer Darius Milhaud. The piece was written in 1959 for the Fort Lauderdale Symphony Orchestra and its conductor Mario di Bonaventura.

Milhaud's Ninth Symphony is a three-movement work with a total running time of about 19 minutes. The titles of the movements, as descriptive of their character as of tempo, are as follows:

Modérement animé (approx. 5'10")

Lent et sombre (approx. 9'10")

Alerte et vigoureux (approx. 4'45")

This symphony is published by Heugel & Cie. Recordings of this symphony include a 1993 all-digital recording by Alun Francis and the Radio-Sinfonieorchester Basel, part of a boxed set of Milhaud's Symphonies No. 1–12 on CPO.

Darius Milhaud
Darius Milhaud (French: [daʁjys mijo], Provençal: [miˈjawt]; 4 September 1892 – 22 June 1974) was a French composer, conductor, and teacher. He was a member of Les Six—The Group of Six—and one of the most prolific composers of the 20th century. His compositions are influenced by jazz and Brazilian music and make extensive use of polytonality. Milhaud is considered one of the key modernist composers. He taught many future jazz and classical composers, including Burt Bacharach, Dave Brubeck, Philip Glass, Steve Reich, György Kurtág, Karlheinz Stockhausen and Iannis Xenakis among others.
Bigyrate diminished rhombicosidodecahedron
In geometry, the bigyrate diminished rhombicosidodecahedron is one of the Johnson solids (J79). It can be constructed as a rhombicosidodecahedron with two pentagonal cupolae rotated through 36 degrees, and a third pentagonal cupola removed. (None of the cupolae can be adjacent.)

A Johnson solid is one of 92 strictly convex polyhedra that are composed of regular polygon faces but are not uniform polyhedra (that is, they are not Platonic solids, Archimedean solids, prisms, or antiprisms). They were named by Norman Johnson, who first listed these polyhedra in 1966.

Rhombicosidodecahedron
In geometry, the rhombicosidodecahedron is an Archimedean solid, one of thirteen convex isogonal nonprismatic solids constructed of two or more types of regular polygon faces.

It has a total of 62 faces: 20 regular triangular faces, 30 square faces, 12 regular pentagonal faces, with 60 vertices, and 120 edges.
Submandibular fovea
The submandibular fovea (or submandibular fossa or submaxillary fovea) is an impression on the medial side of the body of the mandible below the mylohyoid line.  It is the location for the submandibular gland.

Submandibular gland
The paired submandibular glands (historically known as submaxillary glands) are major salivary glands located beneath the floor of the mouth. In adult humans, they each weigh about 15 grams and contribute some 60–67% of unstimulated saliva secretion; on stimulation their contribution decreases in proportion as parotid gland secretion rises to 50%. The average length of the normal adult human submandibular salivary gland is approximately 27 mm, while the average width is approximately 14.3 mm.
Benromach distillery
Benromach distillery is a Speyside distillery founded by Duncan McCallum and F.W. Brickman in 1898 and currently owned and run by Gordon and Macphail of Elgin. It is situated near Forres in Moray and is fed with spring water from the Chapelton Springs in the Romach Hills beside Forres.

Alcohol by volume
Alcohol by volume (abbreviated as alc/vol or ABV) is a common measure of the amount of alcohol contained in a given alcoholic beverage. It is defined as the volume the ethanol in the liquid would take if separated from the rest of the solution, divided by the volume of the solution, both at 20 °C (68 °F). Pure ethanol is lighter than water, with a density of 0.78945 g/mL (0.82353 oz/US fl oz; 0.79122 oz/imp fl oz; 0.45633 oz/cu in). The alc/vol standard is used worldwide. The International Organization of Legal Metrology has tables of density of water–ethanol mixtures at different concentrations and temperatures.

In some countries, e.g. France, alcohol by volume is often referred to as degrees Gay-Lussac (after the French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac), although there is a slight difference since the Gay-Lussac convention uses the International Standard Atmosphere value for temperature, 15 °C (59 °F).
Lindsay Taylor (soccer)
Lindsay Marie Taylor (born October 25, 1989) is an American professional soccer forward. She played for the Washington Spirit in the NWSL and was a member of the United States U-23 women's national soccer team.

United States women's national under-23 soccer team
The U-23 Women’s Youth National Team, operated under the auspices of U.S. Soccer, plays a pivotal role in bridging the significant gap between college soccer and the development of players for the full Women’s National Team. It functions as a crucial development partner with the NWSL.

In response to FIFA’s decision to shift its oldest youth world championship from Under-19s to Under-20s and a change in the Nordic Cup competition that became a U-23 event, the team transitioned from Under-21 to Under-23 in 2008. Following the conclusion of the Nordic Cup in 2009, the U.S. U-23s have engaged in various international competitions, primarily in Spain and Scandinavia. In recent years, they have participated in an NWSL preseason tournament in Portland, where they compete in three games against NWSL clubs.
Hari Shankar Bhabhra
Hari Shankar Bhabhra (6 August 1928 – 25 January 2024) was an Indian politician who was speaker of the Rajasthan legislative assembly. He attained the office of the Speaker from 16 March 1990 to 5 October 1994 (two times). He won the state legislative elections in  1985, 1990, and 1993 from Ratangarh in Churu district. A resident of Didwana in Nagaur district, he contested and won from Ratangarh constituency of Churu District. He was a state leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was also Deputy Chief Minister of Rajasthan from 6 October 1994 to 1 December 1998. Bhabhra was the deputy chairperson of Economic Policy and Reform Council in the Rajasthan Government. He was a member of the Rajya Sabha from 1978 to 1984. Bhabhra died on 25 January 2024, at the age of 95.

Government of Rajasthan
The Government of Rajasthan is the supreme governing authority of the Indian state of Rajasthan and its 41 districts. It consists of an executive branch, led by the governor of Rajasthan, as well as judiciary and legislative branches. Jaipur is the capital of Rajasthan, and houses the Vidhan Sabha (legislative assembly) and the secretariat. There are various programs announced by the Government of Rajasthan.
Nicholas Wachira
Nicholas Wachira (born 19 November 1982) is a Kenyan former middle-distance runner who competed mostly in the 800 metres. He represented his country at the 2001 and 2003 World Championships reaching semifinals at both occasions. In addition, he won gold medals at the 1999 World Youth and 2000 World Junior Championships.

1000 metres
The 1000 metres, 1 kilometre run, or 1K run is an uncommon middle-distance running event in track and field competitions. It consists of two and a half laps around an outdoor 400 m track, or five laps around an indoor 200 m track.

The 1000 yards, an imperial alternative, was sometimes also contested.
Perpetual copyright
Perpetual copyright, also known as indefinite copyright, is copyright that lasts indefinitely. Perpetual copyright arises either when a copyright has no finite term from outset, or when a copyright's original finite term is perpetually extended. The first of these two scenarios is highly uncommon, as the current laws of all countries with copyright statutes set a standard limit on the duration, based either on the date of creation/publication, or on the date of the creator's death. Exceptions have sometimes been made, however, for unpublished works. Usually, special legislation is required, granting a perpetual copyright to a specific work.

In many countries, moral rights, which may be covered under the copyright law, can last perpetually.

Donaldson v Becket
Donaldson v Becket (1774) 2 Brown's Parl. Cases (2d ed.) 129, 1 Eng. Rep. 837; 4 Burr. 2408, 98 Eng. Rep. 257; 17 Cobbett's Parl. Hist. 953 is the ruling by the British House of Lords that held that copyright in published works was not perpetual but was subject to statutory limits. Some scholars disagree on the reasoning behind the decision.
John W. Davis (New Jersey politician)
John W. Davis (July 30, 1918 – December 25, 2003) was an American Democratic Party politician who served as Speaker of the New Jersey General Assembly. Davis graduated from Bucknell University in 1941. He served in the U.S. Marines during World War II, and was elected to the Lower Penns Neck (now Pennsville Township) Board of Education. He was a farmer. Davis was elected to the New Jersey General Assembly in 1955, and was re-elected in 1957, 1959, 1961, 1963, and 1965. He was defeated for re-election to a seventh term in 1967. He was the Assembly Speaker in 1962.

Pennsville Township, New Jersey
Pennsville Township is a township in Salem County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The township is named for William Penn. It is the westernmost town in New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 12,684, a decrease of 725 (−5.4%) from the 2010 census count of 13,409, which in turn reflected an increase of 215 (+1.6%) from the 13,194 counted in the 2000 census.

The township had the 24th-highest property tax rate in New Jersey, with an equalized rate of 4.285% in 2020, compared to 3.476% in the county as a whole and a statewide average of 2.279%. The township, and all of Salem County, is part of South Jersey and of the Philadelphia-Wilmington-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD combined statistical area, also known as the Delaware Valley or Philadelphia metropolitan area.
Circus Maximus (Norwegian band)
Circus Maximus is a Norwegian progressive metal quintet from Oslo. They employ symphonic and power metal influences that feature synthesizers. As of 2016, they have released four albums: The 1st Chapter in 2005, Isolate in 2007, Nine in 2012 and Havoc in 2016.

Symphony X
Symphony X is an American progressive metal band from Middletown, New Jersey. Founded in 1994, the band consists of guitarist Michael Romeo, keyboardist Michael Pinnella, drummer Jason Rullo, lead vocalist Russell Allen and bassist Michael LePond.

They achieved some commercial success with the 2007 album Paradise Lost and the 2011 album Iconoclast, which reached number 76 on the Billboard 200.

The albums The Divine Wings of Tragedy and V: The New Mythology Suite were partially recorded in The Dungeon, Romeo's home studio. The Odyssey, Paradise Lost, Iconoclast and Underworld were fully recorded there and produced by Romeo himself.
Ice hockey at the 1936 Winter Olympics
The men's ice hockey tournament at the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, was the fifth Olympic Championship, also serving as the tenth World Championships and the 21st European Championships.

The British national ice hockey team pulled off a major upset when they won the gold medal, marking a number of firsts in international ice hockey competition.  Great Britain made history as the first team ever to win an Olympic, World, and European (its second) Championships and the first to win all three in the same year.  They were the first team to stop Canada from winning the Olympic ice hockey gold, following Canada's four consecutive gold medals.

Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Garmisch-Partenkirchen (German pronunciation: [ˈɡaʁmɪʃ paʁtn̩ˈkɪʁçn̩] ⓘ; Bavarian: Garmasch-Partakurch) is an Alpine ski town in Bavaria, southern Germany. It is the seat of government of the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen (abbreviated GAP), in the Oberbayern region, which borders Austria. Nearby is Germany's highest mountain, Zugspitze, at 2,962 metres (9,718 ft) above sea level.

The town is known as the site of the 1936 Winter Olympic Games, the first to include alpine skiing, and hosts a variety of winter sports competitions.
Miriam Zetter
Miram Aseret Zetter Velazco (born 14 September 1989) is a Mexican ten-pin bowler.

Zetter competed at the Pan American Games in 2011, where she won a silver medal in the doubles event alongside Sandra Góngora, and in 2019, where she won silver medals in the individual event and in the doubles event alongside Iliana Lomelí.

Bowling at the 2011 Pan American Games – Women's pairs
The women's pairs competition of the bowling events at the 2011 Pan American Games took place between from October 24 to 25 at the Bolearmo Tapatio.

The participants each bowled a total of twelve games, six on each day. At the end of play, the scores were totalled and averaged, and the pair with the highest grand total won the gold medal.
Kołodziejczak
Kołodziejczak or Kolodziejczak (Polish pronunciation: [kɔwɔˈd͡ʑɛjt͡ʂak]) is an occupational surname derived from the occupation kołodziej, or wheelwright. Notable people with this surname include:

Timothée Kolodziejczak (born 1991), French footballer

Tomasz Kołodziejczak (born 1967), Polish writer

Michał Kołodziejczak (born 1988), Polish politician

Timothée Kolodziejczak
Timothée Christian Kolodziejczak (French pronunciation: [timɔte kolodʒezak]; (Polish pronunciation: [kɔ.wɔˈd͡ʑɛj.t͡ʂak]; born 1 October 1991) is a French professional footballer who plays as a defender And he is the captain.  Ligue 1 club Paris FC. He can play as either a centre or left-back.

Kolodziejczak is a French youth international and has competed at all levels. He played on the under-19 team that won the 2010 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship. Due to the difficulty of pronouncing his surname, he is a commonly referred to as Kolo.
Highway 57 (Israel–Palestine)
Highway 57 is an east–west highway through central Israel and the West Bank. In the past, it was an uninterrupted road from Netanya, a city on the Mediterranean coast in the west, to Damia Bridge across the Jordan River in the east. The road existed at full length from the time of the British Mandate, and parts of it are even older. Today, the road is separated into three unconnected parts: the first from Netanya to Nitzanei Oz interchange at Highway 6, the second from there to an Israel Defense Forces checkpoint in Beka'ot in the northeastern West Bank, and the third from there until Damia Bridge. The middle portion of the road between Nitzanei Oz and Beka'ot passes through Tulkarm and Nablus. Most of it is located in Area A and Area B controlled by the Palestinian Authority. Various traffic restrictions exist in these areas.

Nitzanei Oz
Nitzanei Oz (Hebrew: נִצָּנֵי עֹז, ניצני עוז, lit. Buds of Strength) is a moshav in central Israel. Located in the Sharon plain near the Green Line and Tulkarm, it falls under the jurisdiction of Lev HaSharon Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 1,121.
Midaeium
Midaeium or Midaëum or Midaeion (Ancient Greek: Μιδάειον), or Midaium or Midaion (Μιδάιον), was a town in the northeast of ancient Phrygia. It was situated on the little river Bathys, on the road from Dorylaeum to Pessinus, and in Roman times belonged to the conventus of Synnada. In the Synecdemus it appears as Medaium or Medaion (Μεδάϊον). The town, as its name indicates, must have been built by one of the ancient kings of Phrygia, and has become celebrated in history from the fact that Sextus Pompeius, the son of Pompey the Great, was there taken prisoner by the generals of Marcus Antonius, and afterwards put to death. It has been supposed, with some probability, that the town of Mygdum, mentioned by Ammianus Marcellinus, is the same as Midaeium.

It was the see of a bishop in antiquity; no longer a residential bishopric, under the name Midaëum it remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.

Its site is located near Karahüyük, Eskişehir, Asiatic Turkey.

Ammianus Marcellinus
Ammianus Marcellinus, occasionally anglicized as Ammian (Greek: Αμμιανός Μαρκελλίνος; born c. 330, died c. 391 – 400), was a Greek and Roman soldier and historian who wrote the penultimate major historical account surviving from antiquity (preceding Procopius). Written in Latin and known as the Res gestae, his work chronicled the history of Rome from the accession of Emperor Nerva in 96 to the death of Valens at the Battle of Adrianople in 378. Only the sections covering the period 353 to 378 survive.
Sleeping Dogs (TV series)
Sleeping Dogs is a late night programme aired on BBC Choice Wales that ran for two series from 2000 until 2001. The show consisted of an entertaining yet peculiar mix of short, quirky factual films featuring people from all walks of life from around Wales coupled with darkly surreal comic shorts.

BBC Choice
BBC Choice was a British digital television channel which was owned by the BBC and was launched on 23 September 1998. It was the first British TV channel to broadcast exclusively in digital format, as well as the BBC's second non-analogue-terrestrial channel launch (following on from the BBC News channel in 1997).

At launch, BBC Choice mainly existed to supplement existing programming on BBC One and Two, with some low-profile original programming of its own. However, faced with low ratings for both Choice and its sister channel BBC Knowledge, in 2000 the BBC's digital strategy changed. Under new controller Stuart Murphy, the channel began to aim specifically at a young adult audience. The BBC ultimately planned to replace the channel with the higher-profile BBC Three, which, after some delay, began broadcasting in February 2003.