hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bağlıca, Siirt
Bağlıca (Kurdish: Gera Usê) is a village in the Siirt District of Siirt Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Botikan tribe and had a population of 277 in 2021.

It was burned by authorities in the early 1990s, during the Kurdish–Turkish conflict.

Kurdish villages depopulated by Turkey
The number of Kurdish villages depopulated by Turkey is estimated at around 3,000. Since 1984, the Turkish military has embarked on a campaign to eradicate the Kurdistan Workers Party; by the year 2000, some 30,000 people had died and two million Kurdish refugees had been driven out of their homes into cities.
1977 NCAA Division I football rankings
Two human polls comprised the 1977 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I football rankings. Unlike most sports, college football's governing body, the NCAA, does not bestow a national championship, instead that title is bestowed by one or more different polling agencies. There are two main weekly polls that begin in the preseason—the AP Poll and the Coaches Poll.

National championship
A national championship(s) is the top achievement for any sport or contest within a league of a particular nation or nation state. The title is usually awarded by contests, ranking systems, stature, ability, etc. This determines the best team, individual (or other entity) in a particular nation and in a particular field. Often, the use of the term cup or championship is just a choice of words.
Hank Thomas
Henry "Hank" James Thomas (born August 29, 1941) is an African American civil rights activist and entrepreneur. Thomas was one of the original 13 Freedom Riders who traveled on Greyhound and Trailways buses through the South in 1961 to protest racial segregation, holding demonstrations at bus stops along the way.

Thomas' role in the Civil Rights Movement continued as he became one of the founders of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and participated in multiple Freedom Rides. In 1965, he served in the Vietnam War as a medic. He was injured in battle and subsequently received a Purple Heart.

He is featured in the National Park Service's International Civil Rights Walk of Fame at the Martin Luther King Jr. National Historic Site.

Martin Luther King Jr. National Historical Park
The Martin Luther King Jr. National Historical Park covers about 35 acres (0.14 km2) and includes several sites in Atlanta, Georgia related to the life and work of civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr.  Within the park are his boyhood home and Ebenezer Baptist Church – the church where King was baptized and both he and his father, Martin Luther King Sr., were pastors – as well as the outdoor memorial tombs of King and his wife, civil rights activist Coretta Scott King.

The park is administered by the National Park Service and has a visitor center and museum.
Mendorinagayama Kofun
The Mendorinagayama Kofun (免鳥長山古墳) is a kofun burial mound located in the Medori neighborhood of the city of Fukui in the Hokuriku region of Japan. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 2008.

Fukui (city)
Fukui (福井市, Fukui-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [ɸɯ̥.kɯꜜ(.)i, ɸɯ̥.kɯ(.)i, ɸɯ̥.kɯ.iꜜ.ɕi, ɸɯ̥.kɯꜜi.ɕi]) is the capital city of Fukui Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 March 2024, the city had an estimated population of 255,332 in 107,553 households. Its total area is 536.41 square kilometres (207.11 sq mi) and its population density is about 476 persons per km2. Most of the population lives in a small central area; the city limits include rural plains, mountainous areas, and suburban sprawl along the Route 8 bypass. Having suffered devastation during World War II and an earthquake in 1948, Fukui was nicknamed 'Phoenix City', symbolising its rebirth from ashes and destruction.
Creme de papaya
Creme de papaya (Crème de Papaia), also known as papaya mousse, is a Brazilian dessert. It was a culinary fad in São Paulo in the 1990s, and became a popular menu item at top restaurants in the city.

It consists of papaya blended with vanilla ice cream. Crème de cassis is usually added, but a non-alcoholic blackcurrant syrup can be substituted. It is common to blend the papaya and ice cream, then put into serving dish and pour about an ounce of creme de cassis on the top.

Papaya
The papaya (/pəˈpaɪə/, US: /pəˈpɑːjə/), papaw, (/pəˈpɔː/) or pawpaw (/ˈpɔːpɔː/) is the plant species Carica papaya, one of the 21 accepted species in the genus Carica of the family Caricaceae. Papaya is also the name of its fruit. It was first domesticated in Mesoamerica, within modern-day southern Mexico and Central America. It is grown in several countries in regions with a tropical climate. In 2024, India was the leading producer, accounting for 36% of the world total.
Ulster Young Militants
The Ulster Young Militants (UYM) are considered to be the youth wing of the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), an Ulster loyalist paramilitary group in Northern Ireland. Commonly known as the Young Militants or UYM, the group formed in 1974 when the Troubles were at their height. Their motto is "terrae filius", Latin for "Sons of the Land". Their numbers are unknown, but are mainly concentrated in the Belfast area, particularly east and south Belfast. They are often associated with the far-right and radical right.

Terræ filius
The terræ filius (son of the soil) was a satirical orator who spoke at public ceremonies of the University of Oxford, for over a century. There was official sanction for personal attacks, but some of the speakers overstepped the line and fell into serious trouble. The custom was terminated during the 18th century. The comparable speaker at the University of Cambridge was called "prevaricator".

The bawdy poem The Oxford-Act (1693) contains a terræ filius speech, and is attributed to Alicia D'Anvers. Nicholas Amhurst took Terrae-filius, Or, The Secret History of the University of Oxford for the title of a series of periodical essays appearing from 1721, making up a 1726 book.
Sharphead darter
The sharphead darter (Etheostoma acuticeps) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is endemic to the eastern United States, where it is only known to occur in the Holston and  Nolichucky River systems.  It inhabits small to medium-sized rivers, being found in rocky riffles in deep, fast-flowing waters.  This species can reach a length of 8.4 cm (3.3 in), though most only reach about 5.5 cm (2.2 in).

Etheostomatinae
Etheostomatinae is a species-rich subfamily of freshwater ray-finned fish, the members of which are commonly known as the darters. The subfamily is part of the family Percidae which also includes the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. The family is endemic to North America. It consists of three to five different genera and well over 200 species. A common name for these fish in southern Indiana is pollywog.
Musterschule
The Musterschule ("model school") is a gymnasium in Frankfurt, Germany. It was founded on 18 April 1803 by Wilhelm Friedrich Hufnagel as a  Realschule and is Frankfurt's second oldest higher school after the Lessing Gymnasium. It received the name Musterschule due to being an experimental and progressive school based on Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi's educational ideas. In accordance with this tradition, the school has been named a "center for music education and gifted education" by the Hessian ministry of culture. Since the 19th century, it has been renowned throughout Germany and abroad as a progressive Realgymnasium. The Musterschule is a neighbour of the Philanthropin, the renowned Jewish school founded by Mayer Amschel Rothschild, which is found on the other side of Eckenheimer Landstraße.

Mayer Amschel Rothschild
Mayer Amschel Rothschild (23 February 1743 or 1744 – 19 September 1812; also spelled Anschel) was a German Jewish banker and the founder of the Rothschild banking dynasty, which dominated international finance in Europe between the 1820s and the 1870s. Referred to as a "founding father of international finance", Rothschild was ranked seventh on the Forbes magazine list of "The Twenty Most Influential Businessmen of All Time" in 2005.
The Pitman Vegetarian Hotel
The Pitman Vegetarian Hotel was a hotel that operated from 1898 until the 1930s in the County Buildings (now Grade II* listed), Corporation Street, Birmingham, England, as an expansion of the Pitman Vegetarian Restaurant established in 1896 on the same site.

Corporation Street, Birmingham
52°28′47.55″N 1°53′49.37″W﻿ / ﻿52.4798750°N 1.8970472°W﻿ / 52.4798750; -1.8970472

Corporation Street is a main shopping street in Birmingham city centre, England.
Though it has a distinct southern terminus – the junction of New Street and Stephenson Place, adjacent to the entrance of New Street station – the location of its northern terminus is debatable.

The street originally terminated at Lancaster Place – the junction of Lancaster Street, Aston Street, and Steelhouse Lane – near to the Victoria Law Courts. It was expanded beyond Lancaster Place in the early 20th century, continuing to the point where Aston Road crosses the Birmingham and Fazeley Canal at Aston Junction. The construction of the Middleway (bisecting Lancaster Place) and the incorporation of the northern stretch of the street into the A38(M) Aston Expressway resulted in a de facto terminus of the shopping street near the location of Lancaster Place.
Deltaspis variabilis
Deltaspis variabilis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1891. They are 10-14mm long. They are generally red with blue-black borders on the anterior and posterior of the thorax and the sutural and basal margins of the wing case.

Henry Walter Bates
Henry Walter Bates (8 February 1825 – 16 February 1892) was an English naturalist and explorer who gave the first scientific account of mimicry in animals. He was most famous for his expedition to the rainforests of the Amazon with Alfred Russel Wallace, starting in 1848. Wallace returned in 1852, but lost his collection on the return voyage when his ship caught fire. When Bates arrived home in 1859 after a full eleven years, he had sent back over 14,712 species (mostly of insects) of which 8,000 were (according to Bates, but see Van Wyhe) new to science. Bates wrote up his findings in his best-known work, The Naturalist on the River Amazons (1863). Batesian mimicry is named in his honor.
Lanjar (tribe)
Lanjar (Sindhi: لنجار) is a Sindhi Sammat tribe settled in Sindh, occupying a small part of Sindh. The majority of the Lanjars are found in Sukkur taluka Pano Aqil, Nawabshah, Ranipur, Sehwan, village Manjhu, Deh Khahi Qasim, Naushahro Feroze, Bhiria City, Lakho Lanjari in Ghotki, Lanjari Sharif, Shikarpur, and in various locations of Sindh.

Shikarpur, Sindh
Shikarpur (Sindhi: شڪارپور; Śikārpūr) is a city and the capital of Shikarpur District in Sindh province of Pakistan. It is situated about 29 km west of the right bank of the Indus, with a railway station, 37 km north-west of Sukkur. It is the 42nd largest city of Pakistan by population according to the 2017 census.
Churchill Films
Churchill Films aka Churchill Media was a producer and distributor of direct-to-video/educational films founded by Robert Churchill (1911-1997) and Sy Wexler (1916–2005) in 1948 as Churchill Wexler Film Productions. They have produced The Mouse and the Motorcycle (1986) based on the 1965 book by Beverly Cleary and many other award-winning children's films.

Churchill Films was acquired by American Educational Products in 1994. The Churchill Films catalog is now part of Discovery Education.

In December 2009, The Jungle (1967), a film distributed by Churchill Films in 16mm for the educational film market, was named to the National Film Registry.

National Film Registry
The National Film Registry (NFR) is the United States National Film Preservation Board's (NFPB) collection of films selected for preservation, each for its cultural, historical and aesthetic contributions since the NFPB's inception in 1988.
Vinod Saroj
Vinod Kumar Saroj (born 1 July 1980) is a politician from Bela Pratapgarh, India. Since 2007, he has been elected on three occasions as an independent Member of the Legislative Assembly, representing the Babaganj assembly constituency of Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh.

Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh
Pratapgarh, also called Belha or Bela Pratapgarh, is a town and  municipality in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. Pratapgarh is the administrative headquarters of Pratapgarh district, part of the Prayagraj division, formerly known as Allahabad.
Lagarfljót
Lagarfljót (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈlaːɣarˌfljouːt] ⓘ) also called Fljótið [ˈfljouːtɪθ] is a river situated in the east of Iceland near Egilsstaðir. Its surface measures 53 square kilometres (20 sq mi) and it is 25 kilometres (16 mi) long; its greatest width is 2.5 km (1.6 mi) and its greatest depth 112 m (367 ft). The 27 MW Lagarfossvirkjun hydropower station is located at its lower end.

The biggest forest in Iceland, Hallormsstaðaskógur is found near the river as well as a waterfall, Hengifoss. Hengifoss, at 128 m (420 ft), is one of the tallest waterfalls in the country. Below it is another waterfall called Litlanesfoss.

As with the Scottish lake Loch Ness, a cryptid serpent, called Lagarfljótsormurinn by locals, is believed by some to live in the depths of Lagarfljót.

Hengifoss
Hengifoss (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈheiɲcɪˌfɔsː] ⓘ) is the third highest waterfall in Iceland, 128 meters. It is located in Hengifossá in Fljótsdalshreppur, East Iceland. It is surrounded by basaltic strata with thin, red layers of clay between the basaltic layers. Fossilized trunks of coniferous trees, sensitive to cold, and lignite, which depict warmer climates during the latter part of Tertiary. 
Further down the Hengifossá river is Litlanesfoss, notable for the columnar jointed volcanics around it. Hengifoss is the most popular hiking site in East Iceland with path leading from the parking lot to the falls. It takes 40–60 minutes to walk to the waterfall.
Henry Seymour (Knoyle)
Henry Seymour MP, JP (10 November 1776 – 27 November 1849), of Knoyle House, East Knoyle, Wiltshire, of Trent, and of Northbrook, was a British Tory politician.

He was the only son of Henry Seymour, of Redland Court, Gloucestershire and his second wife, the Comtesse de Panthou.

He was elected as a Member of Parliament (MP) for the borough of Taunton at the 1826 general election, having contested the borough unsuccessfully in 1820, and held the seat until he stood down at the 1830 general election. He was also a Justice of the Peace (JP).

1830 United Kingdom general election
The 1830 United Kingdom general election was held on 29 July 1830 to 1 September 1830 in the wake of the death of King George IV, producing the first parliament of the reign of his successor, King William IV. The fractured Tory party under the Duke of Wellington paved the way for Earl Grey to form a government, which would go on to take the issue of  electoral reform the following year.

The eighth United Kingdom Parliament was dissolved on 24 July 1830. The new Parliament was summoned to meet on 14 September 1830, for a maximum seven-year term from that date. The maximum term could be and normally was curtailed, by the monarch dissolving the Parliament, before its term expired. This election was the first since 1708 to cause the collapse of the government.
Glauco Bermudez
Glauco Bermudez is a Mexican Canadian cinematographer. He is most noted for his work on the 2016 film Before the Streets (Avant les rues), for which he was nominated for both the Canadian Screen Award for Best Cinematography and the Prix Iris for Best Cinematography, and the 2020 film Influence, for which he was nominated for the Canadian Screen Award for Best Cinematography in a Documentary.

Originally from Mexico City, Bermudez moved to Montreal, Quebec to study cinematography at the Mel Hoppenheim School of Cinema. He remains based in Montreal, but has continued to work in both Canadian and Mexican cinema.

His other credits have included the films Woman in Car, Twice Colonized, So Surreal: Behind the Masks, Ghosts of the Sea (Les Enfants du large), Kanaval and Shifting Baselines.

Kanaval (film)
Kanaval is a 2024 drama film, directed by Henri Pardo. A co-production of companies from Canada and Luxembourg, the film centres on Rico (Rayan Dieudonné), a young boy who has emigrated with his mother Erzulie (Penande Estime) from their native Haiti to a small town in Quebec, where they live with childless older couple Albert (Martin Dubreuil) and Cécile (Claire Jacques).

The cast includes Hana Sofia Lopes, Jean Jean, Marc Assiniwi, Christian Cardin, Carol Beaudry, Rykko Bellemare and David Biron.
It's produced by Éric Idriss-Kanago and Daniela Mujica (Canada) and Adolf El Assal and Neigeme Glasgow-Maeda (Luxembourg).

The film's production was first announced in 2020, when it received support from the Netflix/Canadian Film Centre Project Development Accelerator project. It entered production in April 2022, with shooting in both the Dominican Republic and Canada.

The film premiered in the Centrepiece program at the 2023 Toronto International Film Festival.
Nicoline Artursson
Nicoline Artursson (born 1993) is a Swedish fashion model and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss World Sweden 2011. Artursson represented Sweden in Miss World 2011 on November 6 in London. Nicoline Artursson was born in the village of Villshärad outside Halmstad. Artursson speaks French after living in Paris, France for a year modelling for the clothing company Abercrombie & Fitch located on Champs-Élysées. Artursson was also offered to be the Bachelorette in the French version of the television reality series The Bachelorette, but declined as she had to finish her studies back in Sweden.

In 2018, Artursson was a contestant on Robinson: Fiji, broadcast on TV4, where she finished 9th.

In 2025, Artursson's partner, English television personality James Argent, was convicted of a gender violence offence against her while on holiday in Mijas.

Halmstad
Halmstad (Swedish: [ˈhǎlmsta(d)] ⓘ) is a port, university, industrial and recreational city at the mouth of the Nissan river, in the province of Halland on the Swedish west coast.  Halmstad is the seat of Halmstad Municipality and the capital of Halland County. The city had a population of 71,422 in 2020, out of a municipal total of over 100,000. Halmstad is Sweden's 19th-largest city by population and located about midway between Gothenburg (the second most populous) and Malmö (the third).
ENARM Pentagun
The Pentagun is a five-round shotgun manufactured by the Brazilian firm ENARM (Empresa Nacional de Armas). It has a revolver-type cylinder and could be fired in double action-only. 
The Pentagun's design prevented the gas venting that occurs between the cylinder and barrel on typical revolvers, by means of a movable barrel, which was pulled just prior to firing 1.5mm backwards into the corresponding recesses in the cylinder. The shotgun utilizes a straight-line configuration (similar to AR-15) in order to minimize muzzle rise when firing.

Muzzle rise
Muzzle rise, muzzle flip or muzzle climb refers to the tendency of a firearm's or airgun's muzzle (front end of the barrel) to rise up after firing.  It more specifically refers to the seemingly unpredictable "jump" of the firearm's muzzle, caused by combined recoil from multiple shots being fired in quick succession.  It has an adverse effect on maintaining accuracy with using automatic weapons or rapid-firing semi-automatic firearms, as a moving muzzle can throw off the shooter's aim, causing subsequent shots to miss the intended target.
NeuroSolutions
NeuroSolutions is a neural network development environment developed by NeuroDimension. It combines a modular, icon-based (component-based) network design interface with an implementation of advanced learning procedures, such as conjugate gradients, the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, and back-propagation through time. The software is used to design, train, and deploy artificial neural network (supervised learning and unsupervised learning) models to perform a wide variety of tasks such as data mining, classification, function approximation, multivariate regression and time-series prediction.

Conjugate gradient method
In mathematics, the conjugate gradient method is an algorithm for the numerical solution of particular systems of linear equations, namely those whose matrix is positive-semidefinite. The conjugate gradient method is often implemented as an iterative algorithm, applicable to sparse systems that are too large to be handled by a direct implementation or other direct methods such as the Cholesky decomposition. Large sparse systems often arise when numerically solving partial differential equations or optimization problems.

The conjugate gradient method can also be used to solve unconstrained optimization problems such as energy minimization. It is commonly attributed to Magnus Hestenes and Eduard Stiefel, who programmed it on the Z4, and extensively researched it.

The biconjugate gradient method provides a generalization to non-symmetric matrices. Various nonlinear conjugate gradient methods seek minima of nonlinear optimization problems.
Alfred (name)
Alfred is a masculine given name of English origin, a modern descendant of the Anglo-Saxon name Ælfrǣd (Old English pronunciation: [ˈæɫvræːd]), formed from the Germanic words ælf, meaning "elf", and rǣd, meaning "counsel". Its feminine form originating from Romance languages is Alfreda, and diminutives of Alfred include Al, Alf, Alfy, Alfie, Fred, and Freddy. After the 11th-century Norman Conquest, many variants of the name emerged, most of which were not carried to the modern day. Today, Alfred is still in regular usage in a number of different regions, especially Great Britain, Africa, Scandinavia, and North America. It is one of the few Old English names that came into common use in Europe. Its name day is the 3rd of January both in Norway and Sweden.

Counsel
A counsel or a counsellor at law is a person who gives advice and deals with various issues, particularly in legal matters. It is a title often used interchangeably with the title of lawyer.

The word counsel can also mean advice given outside of the context of the legal profession.
Charing Cross (Bendigo)
Charing Cross (/ˈtʃærɪŋ/ CHARR-ing) is a major junction centrally located in the city of Bendigo, Victoria, Australia. It is the intersection, or crossing point, of four of Bendigo's main streets: High Street, View Street, Pall Mall and Mitchell Street. As the Midland Highway, one of Bendigo's main thoroughfares, passes through Charing Cross, the highway is named High Street to the south-west and Pall Mall to the north-east of Charing Cross.

Midland Highway (Victoria)
Midland Highway is a major rural highway linking major towns in Victoria, beginning from Geelong and winding through country Victoria in a large arc through the cities of Ballarat, Bendigo and Shepparton, eventually reaching Mansfield at the foothills of the Victorian Alps.

Midland Link Highway links Barjarg (on Midland Highway) and Maindample (on Maroondah Highway), bypassing Mansfield and reducing the journey from Benalla to Alexandra by 19 kilometres (12 mi).