hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Photopolymerization-based signal amplification
Photopolymerization-based signal amplification (PBA) is a method of amplifying detection signals from molecular recognition events in an immunoassay by utilizing a radical polymerization initiated through illumination by light. To contrast between a negative and a positive result, PBA is linked to a colorimetric method, thereby resulting in a change in color when a targeted analyte is detected, i.e., a positive signal. PBA is also used to quantify the concentration of the analyte by measuring intensity of the color.

Atom transfer radical polymerization
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is an example of a reversible-deactivation radical polymerization. Like its counterpart, ATRA, or atom transfer radical addition, ATRP is a means of forming a carbon-carbon bond with a transition metal catalyst. Polymerization from this method is called atom transfer radical addition polymerization (ATRAP). As the name implies, the atom transfer step is crucial in the reaction responsible for uniform polymer chain growth. ATRP (or transition metal-mediated living radical polymerization) was independently discovered by Mitsuo Sawamoto and by Krzysztof Matyjaszewski and Jin-Shan Wang in 1995.

The following scheme presents a typical ATRP reaction:
Zinni
Zinni is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrew Zinni (born 1965), Australian soccer player

Anthony Zinni (born 1943), United States Marine Corps general and writer

Michael Zinni (1948–2014), American golfer

Stefan Zinni (born 1996), Australian soccer player

Andrew Zinni
Andrew Zinni  (born 6 March 1965) is an Australian former international soccer player who most notably played for Brunswick Juventus and Preston Macedonia in the National Soccer League (NSL). Zinni played 17 times for the Australia national soccer team, including 10 times in full international matches.

Andrew's son, Stefan Zinni, is also a professional footballer.
Irving Aaronson
Irving A. Aaronson (February 7, 1895 – March 10, 1963) was an American jazz pianist and big band leader. Aaronson's orchestra was one of the most popular in America during the Roaring Twenties. His most popular song, "The Loveliest Night of the Year", was not recorded with his band but was adapted by Aaronson in 1950 for the Mario Lanza film The Great Caruso.

The Great Caruso
The Great Caruso is a 1951 biographical film directed by Richard Thorpe, produced by Joe Pasternak, distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and starring Mario Lanza as operatic tenor Enrico Caruso. The highly fictionalized screenplay, written by Sonya Levien and William Ludwig, is based on the biography Enrico Caruso His Life and Death by Dorothy Caruso, Caruso's widow. The original music was composed and arranged by Johnny Green, the cinematographer was Joseph Ruttenberg and the costume designers were Helen Rose and Gile Steele.
Will Durkee
William Porter Durkee (born c. 1983) is a professional poker player. He was a graduate student at the Northwestern University in Chicago, Illinois. He graduated from the University of Virginia in 2005 with a B.A. in economics. He graduated with "Honorable Mention All-American" honors in wrestling and "Academic All-American."

In 2007, Durkee won a World Series of Poker bracelet in the $2,000 No-Limit Hold'em event for $566,916. Later that year, Durkee finished 13th in the World Series of Poker Europe Main Event, earning £38,010 ($76,542).

As of 2008, Durkee has earned over $750,000 in live tournament play. His seven cashes at the WSOP account for $715,422 of those winnings.

World Series of Poker Europe
The World Series of Poker Europe (WSOPE) is the first expansion effort of World Series of Poker-branded poker tournaments outside the United States. Since 1970, participants had to travel to Las Vegas if they wanted to compete in the World Series of Poker (WSOP). Although the WSOP held circuit events in other locations, the main tournaments, which awarded bracelets to the winners, were exclusively held in Las Vegas. The inaugural WSOPE, held in 2007, marked the first time that a WSOP bracelet was awarded outside Las Vegas.  From its inception to the 2013 tournament, players from 19 countries — USA (10), France (4), UK (3), Denmark (3), Canada (2), Norway (2), Portugal (2), Italy (2), Afghanistan, Germany, Indonesia, Spain, New Zealand, Sweden, Tunisia, Switzerland, Australia, Italy and Finland — have won bracelets.
The Complete Studio Recordings of The Miles Davis Quintet 1965–1968
The Complete Studio Recordings of The Miles Davis Quintet 1965–1968 is a box set of six CDs covering the work of Miles Davis and his critically acclaimed second great quintet which featured Wayne Shorter, Herbie Hancock, Ron Carter and Tony Williams.

The box set includes all songs from the albums E.S.P., Miles Smiles, Nefertiti, Miles in the Sky, the quintet tracks from Sorcerer, Filles de Kilimanjaro, and Water Babies as well as some rehearsal and alternative takes. The track list is sequenced in chronological order with the alternative takes preceding the final album version. A few of the tracks were previously unissued.

Miles in the Sky
Miles in the Sky is a studio album by the jazz trumpeter and composer Miles Davis. It was released on July 22, 1968, through Columbia Records. It was the last full album recorded by Davis' "Second Great Quintet" and marked the beginning of his foray into jazz fusion, with Herbie Hancock playing electric piano and Ron Carter playing electric bass guitar on opening track "Stuff". Additionally, electric guitarist George Benson features on "Paraphernalia".
Barry Schwartz (psychologist)
Barry Schwartz (born August 15, 1946) is an American psychologist.  Schwartz is the  Dorwin Cartwright Emeritus Professor of Social Theory and Social Action at Swarthmore College and since 2016 has been visiting professor at the University of California, Berkeley. His work focuses on the intersection of psychology and economics. He frequently publishes editorials in The New York Times, applying his research in psychology to current events.

Schwartz's research addresses morality, decision-making and the inter-relationships between behavioral science and society. His books criticize certain philosophical roots of Western societies and expose underlying myths common in both lay and academic psychological theories. In particular, he is a critic of the "rational economic man" model in both psychology and economics. Schwartz studied under David Richmond Williams for his PhD at the University of Pennsylvania where he was a predoctoral fellow with the National Science Foundation.

Predoctoral fellow
In academia, a predoctoral fellow is a person combining study for a doctorate with some form of paid research or work, in other words a paid doctoral student.  The term is only used in some parts of the world.
The Dutch Courtesan
The Dutch Courtesan is an early Jacobean stage play written by the dramatist and satirist John Marston circa 1604. It was performed by the Children of the Queen's Revels, one of the troupes of boy actors active at the time, in the Blackfriars Theatre in London.

Boy player
A boy player was a male child or teenager who performed in Medieval and English Renaissance playing companies. Some boy players worked for adult companies and performed the female roles, since women were not allowed to perform on the English stage during this period. Others worked for children's companies in which all roles, not just the female ones, were played by boys.(pp 1–76)
Aiko Miyamura
Aiko Miyamura (宮村 愛子, Miyamura Aiko; born 11 August 1971) is a Japanese badminton player. She competed in women's doubles at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. She won bronze medals in the team competition both at the 1990 Asian Games and the 1994 Asian Games.

She is a sister of Akiko Miyamura.

Badminton at the 1994 Asian Games
Badminton was contested at the 1994 Asian Games in Tsuru Memorial Gymnasium, Hiroshima, Japan from October 7 to October 15, 1994.

Singles, doubles, and team events were contested for both men and women. Mixed doubles were also contested.
John Nielsen (racing driver)
John Nielsen (born 7 February 1956, in Varde) is a Danish former racing driver. He won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1990.

Nielsen was born in Varde. Prior to his win at Le Mans, he won the 1984 Macau Grand Prix, and the 1985 Curaçao Grand Prix. He was also a three-time champion of the European Formula Super Vee Championship from 1979 to 1981. He is now a Formula 1 commentator for TV3+ in Denmark, but also works in public.

Formula Super Vee
Formula Super Vee was an open-wheel racing series that took place in Europe and the United States from 1970 to 1990. The formula was created as an extension of Formula Vee, a racing class that was introduced in 1959. Formula Super Vee in Europe was similar to F3 or Formula Renault  today, a stepping stone to F1. In the United States, Formula Super Vee, often referred to as Super Vee, was a natural progression to Indy Car and Can-Am. On both sides of the Atlantic the series also was a platform for the promotion of VW products, similar to how Formula Renault promotes Renault products today.

Initially it was seen as a simple step up from Formula Vee, using Volkswagen air-cooled engines, only Type 3 engines in 1600cc as opposed to Type 1 engines in 1200cc or 1600cc. However it soon transformed to using the very different and more powerful fuel injected water-cooled engines from the VW Golf/Rabbit.
Richard Steble
Lieutenant-Colonel Richard Fell Steble (1825 – 8 October 1899) was a Liberal Party politician.

Steble was elected MP for Scarborough at a by-election in 1884, but did not stand for re-election when the seat was reduced to one member in 1885.

Scarborough (UK Parliament constituency)
Scarborough was the name of a constituency in Yorkshire, electing Members of Parliament to the House of Commons, at two periods. From 1295 until 1918 it was a parliamentary borough consisting only of the town of Scarborough, electing two MPs until 1885 and one from 1885 until 1918. In 1974 the name was revived for a county constituency, covering a much wider area; this constituency was abolished in 1997.
Kaiwan Wattanakrai
Kaiwan Wattanakrai (Thai: ไกวัล วัฒนไกร; RTGS: Kaiwan Watthanakrai; 8 April 1951 – 28 June 2022) was a Thai voice actor who appeared in various Thai dubbed versions of Japanese anime and tokusatsu, working for MCOT HD and Dream Express (DEX). He was regarded as one of the most important pioneers of the Thai voice acting industry and was credited with popularizing Thai-dubbed anime throughout Thailand in the 1980s and 1990s. His major roles include Master Roshi in Dragon Ball, Vegeta in Dragon Ball Z, Roronoa Zoro in One Piece and Juzo Megure and Heiji Hattori in Detective Conan. Kaiwan was known for his distinctive voice and strong Suphan Buri accent.

Dream Express (DEX)
Dream Express (DEX) Co., Ltd. (Thai: บริษัท ดรีม เอกซ์เพรส (เดกซ์) จำกัด) or DEX is a Thai anime licensing company based in Bangkok. It was founded on 9 July 1999 then start anime licensor business in 2002. The anime series that were licensed by this company include One Piece, Kamen Rider Series (since Heisei series), Ultra Series, Gundam Series, and Love Live! series.
Dainty green tree frog
The dainty green tree frog (Ranoidea gracilenta), also known as the graceful tree frog, is a species of tree frog in the subfamily Pelodryadinae. It is native to eastern Queensland, and north-eastern New South Wales, Australia and ranges from northern Cape York in Queensland to Gosford in New South Wales, with a small and most likely introduced population in Hornsby Heights in Sydney. It is one of two faunal emblems of the City of Brisbane.

Emblem
An emblem is an abstract or representational pictorial image that represents a concept, like a moral truth, or an allegory, or a person, like a monarch or saint. The use of emblems is first recorded in 10th and 11th-century Spain, appearing on stone carvings, ivories, and textiles. Motifs featuring combatant animals were particularly prevalent on artifacts commissioned by Vizier al-Mansur and his son Abd al-Malik, such as marble troughs.
Frobenius endomorphism
In commutative algebra and field theory, the Frobenius endomorphism (after Ferdinand Georg Frobenius) is a special endomorphism of commutative rings with prime characteristic p, an important class that includes finite fields. The endomorphism maps every element to its p-th power. In certain contexts it is an automorphism, but this is not true in general.

Ferdinand Georg Frobenius
Ferdinand Georg Frobenius (26 October 1849 – 3 August 1917) was a German mathematician, best known for his contributions to the theory of elliptic functions, differential equations, number theory, and to group theory. He is known for the famous determinantal identities, known as Frobenius–Stickelberger formulae, governing elliptic functions, and for developing the theory of biquadratic forms. He was also the first to introduce the notion of rational approximations of functions (nowadays known as Padé approximants), and gave the first full proof for the Cayley–Hamilton theorem. He also lent his name to certain differential-geometric objects in modern mathematical physics, known as Frobenius manifolds.
The Rice School
The Rice School (Spanish: La Escuela Rice) is a K-8 school (the school serves grades kindergarten through 8) in Houston, Texas. Rice is a part of the Houston Independent School District (HISD).

The Rice School is an HISD magnet school for a Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM), serving grades Kindergarten - 8th grade.  The Rice School is a part of a collaboration between Houston ISD and Rice University.

Students living near Rice are not zoned to Rice, as Rice is an all-magnet school. Individuals living near Rice are zoned to either Twain or Roberts elementary schools and Pershing Middle School.

The Rice School is located east of the Braeswood Place neighborhood. It is across from the City of West University Place Sewage Plant and Animal Pound, which itself is located in the Houston city limits. The school was named after William Marsh Rice, the founder of Rice University.

Houston Press
The Houston Press is an online newspaper published in Houston, Texas, United States. It is headquartered in the Midtown area. It was also a weekly print newspaper until November 2017.

The publication is supported entirely by advertising revenue and is free to readers. It reports a monthly readership of 1.6 million online users. Prior to the 2017 cessation of the print edition, the Press was found in restaurants, coffee houses, and local retail stores. New weekly editions were distributed on Thursdays.
HMS Caledon
Two ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Caledon:

HMS Caledon (1808) was a 16-gun sloop, previously the French ship Henri.  She was captured from the French in 1808 and sold in 1811.

HMS Caledon (D53) was a C-class light cruiser launched in 1916.  She was converted into an anti-aircraft ship in 1943 and was sold for scrapping in 1948.

C-class cruiser
The C class was a group of twenty-eight light cruisers of the Royal Navy, and were built in seven groups known as the Caroline class (six ships), the Calliope class (two ships), the Cambrian class (four ships), the Centaur class (two ships), the Caledon class (four ships), the Ceres class (five ships) and the Carlisle class (five ships). They were built for the rough conditions of the North Sea, and proved to be rugged and capable vessels, despite being somewhat small and cramped.
Franz Aurenhammer
Franz Aurenhammer (born 25 September 1957) is an Austrian computational geometer known for his research in computational geometry on Voronoi diagrams, straight skeletons, and related structures. He is a professor in the Institute for Theoretical Computer Science of Graz University of Technology.

Aurenhammer earned a diploma in technical mathematics from Graz University of Technology in 1982, and completed his doctorate there in 1984 and his habilitation in 1989. His doctoral dissertation was jointly supervised by Hermann Maurer and Herbert Edelsbrunner. He was on the faculty at Graz as an assistant professor from 1985 to 1989, and returned in 1992 as a full professor.

Straight skeleton
In geometry, a straight skeleton is a method of representing a polygon by a topological skeleton. It is similar in some ways to the medial axis but differs in that the skeleton is composed of straight line segments, while the medial axis of a polygon may involve parabolic curves. However, both are homotopy-equivalent to the underlying polygon.

Straight skeletons were first defined for simple polygons by Aichholzer et al. (1995), and generalized to planar straight-line graphs (PSLG) by Aichholzer & Aurenhammer (1996).
In their interpretation as projection of roof surfaces, they are already extensively discussed by G. A. Peschka (1877).
Wellenkuppe
The Wellenkuppe is a mountain of the Swiss Pennine Alps, located west of Zermatt in the canton of Valais. It lies on the range separating the Val d'Anniviers from the Mattertal, just east of the Ober Gabelhorn.

Mattertal
The Matter Valley (German: Mattertal, or sometimes Nikolaital) is located in southwestern Switzerland, south of the Rhône valley in the canton of Valais. The village of Zermatt is the most important settlement of the valley, which is surrounded by many four-thousanders, including the Matterhorn.
2024 Kerry Senior Football Championship
The 2024 Kerry Senior Football Championship was the 123rd edition of Kerry GAA's premier tournament for senior Gaelic football teams in County Kerry, Ireland. The tournament consisted of 16 teams (8 senior club teams and 8 divisional teams). The defending Champions were East Kerry who retained their title by defeating Mid Kerry in the 2023 final for the second year in a row. Dr Crokes won the Championship for a record 14th time, defeating Dingle in the final in a repeat of the 2024 Kerry Club Football Championship final. Dr Crokes went on to represent Kerry in the 2024 Munster Senior Club Football Championship which they won, defeating Loughmore–Castleiney in the final.

Dingle GAA
CLG Daingean Uí Chúis (Dingle GAA) is a Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) club based in the town of Dingle in County Kerry, Ireland. They compete in the Kerry Senior Football Championship and are seven time winners. As of 2025, Dingle are the Kerry Senior Football Championship title holders. Their traditional colours are red and white.

First founded in 1891 and affiliated with the Kerry County Board in the same year, the modern iteration of CLG Daingean Uí Chúis/Dingle GAA came in 1967 with the amalgamation of Na Piarsaigh and Sraid Eoin. Their away jersey reflects the combined colours of the two clubs.
Pangio atactos
Pangio atactos is a species of cyprinid fish. It is endemic to Sumatra (Indonesia) and only known from the upper reaches of the Batang Hari River basin. It is a demersal species that occurs in both rivers and lakes.

Pangio atactos grows to 5.1 cm (2.0 in) standard length.

Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae is a family of cyprinoid freshwater fishes commonly referred to as the carp family, which includes the carps, barbs, and barbels, among others. These cyprinids also share sister taxa with the danionins and minnows under the suborder Cyprinoidei. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest family of vertebrates overall, with roughly 1,780 species split into 166 valid genera.

Cyprinids range from the 12 mm (0.5 in)-long glassfishes, to the 3 m (9.8 ft) giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis). The family name is derived from the Greek word kyprînos (κυπρῖνος 'carp').
May God have mercy upon your soul
"May God have mercy upon your soul" or "may God have mercy on your soul" is a phrase used within courts in various legal systems by judges pronouncing a sentence of death upon a person found guilty of a crime that carries a death sentence. The phrase originated in beth din courts in the Kingdom of Israel as a way to attribute God as the highest authority in law. The usage of the phrase later spread to England and Wales' legal system and from there to usage throughout the colonies of the British Empire whenever a death sentence was passed.

Depending on where it is used, the phrase has had different emphasis through the years. It was formally intended as a prayer for the soul of the condemned. However, in later times, particularly in the United States, it has only been said as a result of legal tradition where the religious meaning and origin is not founded on belief.

Beth din
A beth din (Hebrew: בֵּית דִּין, romanized: Bēṯ Dīn, Beit Din, lit. 'house of judgment', [beːθ ˈdiːn], Ashkenazic: beis din, plural: batei din) is a rabbinical court of Judaism. A hearing held before a beth din is called a din Torah (Hebrew: דין תורה, romanized: din Torah, lit. 'Torah law', plural dinei Torah). A beth din can be found both in Israel and in many Jewish diaspora communities.

A ruling (Hebrew: פסק, romanized: psak) from a beth din is based upon Jewish law (Hebrew: הלכה, romanized: halakha), though other legal systems are occasionally incorporated. Because it is not part of secular legal systems, when a case overlaps with secular courts its judgment is not always recognized by such courts.
Independent Assemblies of God, International
The Independent Assemblies of God International (IAOGI) is a pentecostal Christian association with roots in a revival of the 1890s among the Scandinavian Baptist and Pietist communities in the United States. Independent Assemblies of God International is a member of the Pentecostal/Charismatic Churches of North America. International offices are located in Laguna Hills, California.

Laguna Hills, California
Laguna Hills (/ləˈɡuːnə/ luh-GOO-nuh; laguna being Spanish for 'lagoon') is a city in southern Orange County, California, United States. Its name refers to its proximity to Laguna Canyon and the much older Laguna Beach. Other newer cities nearby—Laguna Niguel and Laguna Woods—are similarly named. The population was 31,374 at the 2020 census.
Karungaapiyam
Karungaapiyam (transl. Black novel) is a 2023 Indian Tamil-language horror thriller film written and directed by Deekay and produced by Padarthi Padmaja. The flm features an ensemble cast including Kajal Aggarwal, Regena Cassandrra, Janani Iyer, Raiza Wilson, Kalaiyarasan, Yogi Babu, Karunakaran, John Vijay, Shah Ra, and Aadhav Kannadasan. The film was released on 19 May 2023 to negative reviews from critics.

Janani (actress)
Janani (formerly Janani Iyer) is an Indian actress who predominantly appears in Tamil and Malayalam movies. She made noticed for her role in the Tamil feature film Avan Ivan (2011). Her notable films including   Thegidi (2014) and  7th Day (2014). She is the 3rd runner up of the reality show Bigg Boss 2 which aired in 2018.