hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flying wedge
A flying wedge (also called flying V or wedge formation, or simply  wedge) is a configuration created from a body moving forward in a triangular formation. This V-shaped arrangement began as a successful military strategy in ancient times when infantry units would move forward in wedge formations to smash through an enemy's lines. This principle was later used by Medieval European armies, as well as modern armed forces, which have adapted the V-shaped wedge for armored assault.

In modern times the effectiveness of flying wedge means it is still employed by civilian police services for riot control. It has also been used in some sports, although the use of wedges is sometimes banned due to the danger it poses to defenders.

Armoured warfare
Armoured warfare is the use of armoured fighting vehicles in modern warfare. It is a major component of modern methods of war. The premise of armoured warfare rests on the ability of troops to penetrate conventional defensive lines through use of manoeuvre by armoured units.

Much of the application of armoured warfare depends on the use of tanks and related vehicles used by other supporting arms such as infantry fighting vehicles, self-propelled artillery, and other combat vehicles, as well as mounted combat engineers and other support units. The doctrine of armoured warfare was developed to break the static nature of World War I trench warfare on the Western Front, and return to the 19th century school of thought that advocated manoeuvre and decisive battle outcomes in military strategy.
Gerardo Rodriguez Regordosa
Gerardo Rodriguez Regordosa (born July 10, 1972 in Puebla, Mexico) is an economist from Universidad de las Americas Puebla (UDLA-P), with a master's degree in Engineering-Economic Systems and Operations Research from Stanford University. Gerardo is currently a Portfolio Manager and Head of Product Strategy for BlackRock’s Systematic Investment Team. Prior to joining BlackRock he spent more than 14 years at the Mexican Ministry of Finance and Public Credit where he served most recently as Undersecretary of Finance and Public Credit from January 2011 to November 2012.

Universidad de las Américas Puebla
Universidad de las Américas Puebla, commonly known as UDLAP (English: University of the Americas), is a Mexican private university located in San Andrés Cholula, near Puebla. The university is known for its programs in Finance, Arts and Humanities, Social sciences, Science and Engineering, and Business and Economics. It is considered to be one of the most prestigious universities in Latin America, having been ranked the best private and single-campus university in Mexico by the newspaper El Universal, as well as being one of the only seven universities in Latin America accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. The UDLAP has also been very successful in Mexican collegiate sports; their teams are the Aztecas.
Sudanian savanna
The Sudanian savanna or Sudan region is a broad belt of tropical savanna that runs east and west across the African continent, from the Ethiopian Highlands in the east to the Atlantic Ocean in the west. It represents the central bioregion within the broader tropical savanna biome of the Afrotropical realm. The Sahel acacia savanna, a belt of drier grasslands, lies to the north, forming a transition zone between the Sudanian savanna and the Sahara Desert phytochorion. To the Sudan's south, the more humid  forest-savanna mosaic forms a transition zone between the Sudanian savanna and the Guineo-Congolian forests that lie nearer the equator.

Ecotone
An ecotone is a transitional area between two plant communities, where these meet and integrate. Examples include areas between grassland and forest, estuary and lagoon, and freshwater and sea water. An ecotone may be narrow or wide, and it may be local (the zone between a field and forest) or regional (the transition between forest and grassland ecosystems). An ecotone may appear on the ground as a gradual blending of the two communities across a broad area, or it may manifest itself as a sharp boundary line.
Evelyn and Walter Haas Jr. Fund
The Evelyn and Walter Haas, Jr. Fund is a private foundation established in 1953 by Evelyn D. Haas and Walter A. Haas Jr.

As of 2019, the Fund has awarded nearly $625 million in philanthropic grants.

Based in San Francisco, California, the Haas Fund supports nonprofit organizations and initiatives in five main program areas: Immigrant Rights and Integration; Gay and Lesbian Rights; Education Equity; Nonprofit Leadership; and Community Partnerships and Initiatives.

The foundation supports San Francisco Bay Area institutions such as the University of California, Berkeley and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, and local efforts such as the San Francisco Chronicle Season of Sharing Fund and the transformation of Crissy Field from a military base to an urban national park.

Crissy Field
Crissy Field is a public recreation area on the northern shore of the San Francisco Peninsula in California, United States, located just east of the Golden Gate Bridge. It includes restored tidal marsh and beaches.

Crissy Field is a former United States Army airfield which is now part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. Historically part of the Presidio of San Francisco, Crissy Field closed as an airfield after 1974. Under Army control, the site was affected by dumping of hazardous materials. The National Park Service took control of the area in 1994 and, together with the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy, worked to restore the site until 2001, when the Crissy Field Center was opened to the public. While most buildings have been preserved as they were in the 1920s, some have been transformed into offices, retail space, and residences.
Kau Yi Chau
Kau Yi Chau (formerly Kau I Island or Kau-i-chau), also known as Tai Kau Yi Chau, is an uninhabited island located west of Victoria Harbour, between Peng Chau and Green Island in Hong Kong. It is located on the crossroad of sea routes, east to west and north to south. The ferry between Central (Hong Kong Island) and Mui Wo (Lantau Island) sails close to the south of the island. Administratively it is part of Islands District.

Sun Ferry
Sun Ferry Services Company Limited, more widely known as Sun Ferry (Chinese: 新渡輪) and formerly New World First Ferry Services Limited (in short New World First Ferry, First Ferry or NWFF), is a ferry service company in Hong Kong. The company was established in November 1999, when it took over the eight licensed ferry routes transferred from Hongkong and Yaumati Ferry in January 2000.
Hand in My Pocket
"Hand in My Pocket" is a song by Canadian recording artist and songwriter Alanis Morissette from her third studio album, Jagged Little Pill (1995). The song was written by Morissette and Glen Ballard and was released as the album's second single (third in Japan) on October 16, 1995, by Maverick and Reprise Records. The song received generally favorable reviews from music critics, who applauded Morissette's songwriting.

"Hand in My Pocket" also received substantial success through radio airplay in the US. The song became Morissette's second number-one hit on the US Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. The song also reached the top 10 in New Zealand and Canada, where it was her first number-one single. An accompanying music video, directed by Mark Kohr, was released for the single, featuring Morissette at a festival, driving her car in black and white form, which also received positive reviews.

Airplay
Airplay is how frequently a song is being played through broadcasting on radio stations. A song which is being played several times every day (spins) would have a significant amount of airplay. Music which became very popular on jukeboxes, in nightclubs and at discotheques between the 1940s and 1960s would also have airplay.
Guiding Eyes for the Blind
Guiding Eyes for the Blind is a non-profit school based in Yorktown Heights, New York, that trains guide dogs to aid people who are visually impaired. It also operates a canine development center in Patterson, New York, and a training site in White Plains, New York. It was the first guide dog training school to be accredited by the National Accreditation Council for Agencies Serving the Blind and Visually Handicapped.

Neutering
Neutering, from the Latin neuter ('of neither sex'), is the removal of a non-human animal's reproductive organ, either all of it or a considerably large part. The male-specific term is castration, while spaying is usually reserved for female animals. Colloquially, both terms are often referred to as fixing. In male horses, castrating is referred to as gelding. An animal that has not been neutered is sometimes referred to as entire or intact. Often the term neuter[ing] is used to specifically mean castration, e.g. in phrases like "spay and neuter".

Neutering is the most common method for animal sterilization. Humane societies, animal shelters, and rescue groups urge pet owners to have their pets neutered to prevent the births of unwanted litters, which contribute to the overpopulation of unwanted animals in the rescue system. Many countries require that all adopted cats and dogs be sterilized before going to their new homes.
Imperial Military Constitution
The Imperial Military Constitution (German: Reichsheeresverfassung, also called the Reichskriegsverfassung) was the collection of military laws of the Holy Roman Empire. Like the rest of the imperial constitution, it grew out of various laws and governed the establishment of military forces within the Empire. It was the basis for the establishment of the Army of the Holy Roman Empire (Reichsarmee, created in 1422), which was under the supreme command of the Emperor but was distinct from his Imperial Army (Kaiserliche Armee, emerged in the 17th century), as it could only be deployed by the Imperial Diet. The last Imperial Defence Order (Reichsdefensionalordnung), entitled Reichsgutachten in puncto securitatis, of 13/23 May 1681, completed the military constitution of the Holy Roman Empire.

Military History Research Office (Germany)
The Military History Research Office (German: Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt, MGFA) was an office of the Bundeswehr located at Potsdam, Germany.

Following a reorganisation in 2013, MGFA was consolidated with the German Army Social Sciences Studies Center to become the Center for Military History and Social Sciences of the Bundeswehr. Also, it has been placed under the command of the Center of Leadership Culture of the Bundeswehr.
Poussaint
Poussaint is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alvin Francis Poussaint (1934–2025), American psychiatrist and author

Renee Poussaint (1944–2022), American broadcast journalist and educator

Tina Young Poussaint, American radiologist and neuroradiologist

Alvin Francis Poussaint
Alvin Francis Poussaint (May 15, 1934 – February 24, 2025) was an American psychiatrist known for his research on the effects of racism in the black community. He was a noted author, public speaker, and television consultant, and dean of students at Harvard Medical School. His work in psychiatry was influenced greatly by the civil rights movement in the South, which he joined in 1965.

While living in the South, Poussaint learned much about American racial dynamics. He soon delved into his first book, Why Blacks Kill Blacks (1972), which looks at the effects of racism on the psychological development of blacks. Most of Poussaint's work focuses on the mental health of African Americans.
Carnikava Station
Carnikava Station is a railway station serving the village of Carnikava in Vidzeme, Latvia. It is located on the Zemitāni–Skulte Railway. The train services to and from the station are operated by the national railway company Vivi which run frequent train services between Riga and Skulte.

Riga Central Station
Riga Central Station (Latvian: Rīgas Centrālā stacijа) is the main railway station in Riga, Latvia. It is known as the main point of Riga due to its central location, and most forms of public transport stop in this area. Part of the building is a shopping centre.

Three rail mainlines connect the station to the east:

Riga–Skulte

Riga–Lugaži, through to the Estonian border crossing at Valka

Riga–Krustpils, which then splits into lines to Daugavpils and Zilupe.

Two rail mainlines connect the station to the west:

Riga–Jelgava, including lines through to Liepāja.

Riga–Tukums.
Birdsville Airport
Birdsville Airport (IATA: BVI, ICAO: YBDV) is an airport serving Birdsville, Queensland, Australia. During the Birdsville Races weekend each September, as many as 200 light aircraft visit the airport, with aviators permitted to camp under the wings of their planes. The Channel Mail Run, the world's longest mail run operates between Port Augusta, South Australia and Birdsville, stopping in the town to collect mail for the remote Queensland cattle stations of Glengyle and Durrie.

In September 2011, a $1.5 million upgrade was completed which included construction of a new terminal building, resurfacing and the installation of edge lights on runway 14/32 and extensions to the apron area to provide more aircraft parking and manoeuvring space. The upgrade was funded by the Diamantina Shire Council and Queensland Government's Regional Airport Development Scheme, in response to growth in aviation-related tourism leading to increased movements at the airport.

Birdsville Races
The Birdsville Races are horse races held each year in September in the Queensland, Australia, town of Birdsville.  Funds are raised in aid of the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia. The population is swelled from about 100 to around 7,000 people for the two-day event.

As Birdsville is very remote, many travellers come by air and hundreds of aircraft fill the town's airstrip. The town of Quilpie celebrates the event by welcoming travellers who are heading westwards to Birdsville by road.

In 2009 as part of the Q150 celebrations, the Birdsville Races were announced as one of the Q150 Icons of Queensland for its role as an "event and festival".
Cream Stone
Cream Stone is an Indian chain of ice cream parlours, established in 2004. The chain has stores in 16 locations across India. Cream Stone has received multiple food awards, presented by The Times Group and Zomato.

The chain offers a wide range of flavoured ice creams, incorporating flavours popular in India such as gulab jamun and lychee fruit. Cream Stone also offers diet options and milkshakes. Additionally, the company owns Temptations, established in 2004, which serves starters, chaat, and ice cream.

The Times Group
Bennett, Coleman and Co. Ltd. (BCCL), d/b/a The Times Group, is an Indian media conglomerate based in Mumbai. Notable media properties owned and operated by the group include India's largest selling daily English-language newspaper The Times of India, television channels such as Times Now, the radio station network Radio Mirchi, and magazines Filmfare and Femina.

The Sahu Jain family owns a majority of the stake in the group. In May 2023, the Times Group was split into two separate business entities between brothers Vineet Jain and Samir Jain, such that its radio and broadcast properties would remain with Vineet Jain and its print properties would be under the ownership of Samir Jain.
Edmund O'Dwyer
Edmund O'Dwyer (died 25 August 1654). also spelt O'Dwyre, was an Irish landowner and officer of the Confederate Irish forces in the Irish Confederate Wars, playing the leading role in Munster in the fight against the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland.

Munster
Munster (Irish: an Mhumhain [ə ˈwuːnʲ] or Cúige Mumhan [ˌkuːɟə ˈmˠuːnˠ]) is the largest of the four provinces of Ireland, located in the south west of the island. In early Ireland, the Kingdom of Munster was one of the kingdoms of Gaelic Ireland ruled by a "king of over-kings" (Irish: rí ruirech). Following the Norman invasion of Ireland, the ancient kingdoms were shired into counties for administrative and judicial purposes. In later centuries, local government legislation has seen further sub-division of the historic counties.

Munster has no official function for local government purposes. For the purposes of the ISO, the province is listed as one of the provincial sub-divisions of the State (ISO 3166-2:IE) and coded as "IE-M". Munster covers an area of 24,675 km2 (9,527 sq mi). Its population was 1,373,346 in 2022, with Cork being the largest city. Other significant urban centres in the province include Limerick and Waterford.
Marden (surname)
Marden is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adrienne Marden (1909–1978), American actress

Albert Marden (born 1934), American mathematician

Anne Marden (rower) (born 1958), American rower

Brice Marden (born 1938), American artist

Harold C. Marden (1900–1994), American lawyer and judge

John Louis Marden (1919–1999), British businessman and philanthropist

John Marden (1855–1924), Australian headmaster, pioneer of women's education, and Presbyterian elder

Julia Marden (born 1962), American artist

Luis Marden (1913–2003), American photographer, explorer, writer, filmmaker, diver, navigator, and linguist

Orison Swett Marden (1848–1924), American writer

Robert A. Marden (1927-2017), American politician and attorney

Thomas Marden (1866–1951), British major general

Brice Marden
Nicholas Brice Marden Jr. (October 15, 1938 – August 9, 2023) was an American artist generally described as minimalist, although his work has roots in abstract expressionism, color field painting, and lyrical abstraction. He lived and worked in New York City; Tivoli, New York; Hydra, Greece; and Eagles Mere, Pennsylvania.
Gijs Verdick
Gijs Verdick (23 June 1994 – 9 May 2016) was a Dutch professional cyclist. In early 2016 he rode for Cyclingteam Jo Piels. On the night of May 2 and 3, 2016, he suffered two heart attacks during the under-23 Carpathian Couriers Race in Poland. On 8 May he was brought from Poland to the Isala hospital in Zwolle, Netherlands, where he died the day after. After his death, several of his organs were offered up for donation.

Zwolle
Zwolle (Dutch: [ˈzʋɔlə] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the Northeastern Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of Overijssel and the province's second-largest municipality, after Enschede, and has a population of 132,441 as of December 2023. Zwolle borders the province of Gelderland and lies on the eastern side of the River IJssel.
A River Somewhere
A River Somewhere is an Australian documentary television series originally broadcast by ABC TV in 1997 and 1998. It was produced by Working Dog Productions, and was hosted by Tom Gleisner and Rob Sitch. The series was released on DVD in 2005.

The series focused on the observations of Sitch and Gleisner as they travelled to various locations across Australia, New Zealand and around the world to fly fish and experience the local culture. The aim of their expedition was to "catch dinner and have it cooked in a local style".

The music used throughout the series was created by Australian musician and composer Liam Bradley.

Working Dog Productions
Working Dog Productions (originally Frontline Television Productions Pty. Ltd.) is a film and television production company based in Melbourne, Australia. It was formed in 1993 by actors Santo Cilauro, Rob Sitch, Jane Kennedy, Tom Gleisner, and producer Michael Hirsh.
Jason Francisco
Jason Veron Francisco (born October 11, 1987) is a Filipino actor and comedian. He was a participant and 3rd  placer in Pinoy Big Brother: Double Up. He was in the follow-up show Melason In Love with his girlfriend Melisa Cantiveros, whom he later married.

Pinoy Big Brother: Double Up
The third season of the reality game show Pinoy Big Brother, subtitled "Double Up" aired on ABS-CBN for 133 days from October 4, 2009 to February 13, 2010.

This is the third civilian season and the seventh season overall to air on the network. This season broke the previous civilian season's record for the longest stay of housemates inside the house by only one week.

After 133 days, Melisa Cantiveros emerged as the winner of this season. Paul Jake Castillo was the runner-up, while Jason Francisco, Johan Santos, and Steve "Tibo" Jumalon were the finalists.
Symphony No. 30 (Haydn)
The Symphony No. 30 in C major, Hoboken I/30, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn composed in 1765, at the age of 33. It is nicknamed the Alleluia Symphony because of Haydn's use of a Gregorian Alleluia chant in the opening movement.

Symphony
A symphony is an extended musical composition in Western classical music, most often for orchestra. Although the term has had many meanings from its origins in the ancient Greek era, by the late 18th century the word had taken on the meaning common today: a work usually consisting of multiple distinct sections or movements, often four, with the first movement in sonata form. Symphonies are almost always scored for an orchestra consisting of a string section (violin, viola, cello, and double bass), brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments which altogether number about 30 to 100 musicians. Symphonies are notated in a musical score, which contains all the instrument parts. Orchestral musicians play from parts which contain just the notated music for their own instrument. Some symphonies also contain vocal parts (e.g., Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, or Mahler's Second Symphony).
Russborough House
Russborough House is a Georgian Palladian house between Blessington and Ballymore Eustace near the Blessington Lakes in County Wicklow, Ireland. The house was designed by Richard Castle for Joseph Leeson, 1st Earl of Milltown and built between 1741 and 1755. It has an exceptionally long frontage measuring 210 m (690 ft). The interior contains fine ornate plasterwork on the ceilings by the Lafranchini brothers, who also collaborated with Castle on Carton House. Russborough contains an important private collection of European fine and decorative arts, including furniture, silver, porcelain and paintings many of which have now been transferred to galleries for safe keeping.

Russborough is open to visitors and is located on a 200-acre (81 ha) estate, with many of the original 18th-century features still in place including the walled garden, ice-house, lime kiln and the serpentine lakes. There is also a restaurant, shop and 2 km (1.2 mi) maze.

Richard Cassels
Richard Cassels (1690 – 1751), also known as Richard Castle, was an architect who ranks with Edward Lovett Pearce as one of the greatest architects working in Ireland in the 18th century. Cassels was born in 1690 in Kassel, Germany. Although German, his family were of French origin and descended from the French-Netherlandish 'Du Ry' family, famous for the many architects among their number. A cousin Simon Louis du Ry designed Schloss Wilhelmshöhe in Kassel.
Calico Rock–Izard County Airport
Calico Rock–Izard County Airport (FAA LID: 37T) is a public use airport located three nautical miles (6 km) northwest of the central business district of Calico Rock, a city in Izard County, Arkansas, United States. The airport is owned by the Arkansas Department of Correction and situated adjacent to its North Central Unit prison.

This airport is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation facility.

Izard County, Arkansas
Izard County (/ˈɪzɜːrd/) is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,577. The county seat is Melbourne. Izard County is Arkansas's 13th county, formed on October 27, 1825, and named for War of 1812 General and Arkansas Territorial Governor George Izard. It is an alcohol prohibition or dry county.