hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1913 Nobel Prize in Literature
The 1913 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the Bengali polymath Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941) "because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West." He is the first and remains only the Indian recipient of the prize. The award stemmed from the idealistic and accessible (for Western readers) nature of a small body of translated material, including the translated Gitanjali.

Anatole France
Anatole France (French: [anatɔl fʁɑ̃s]; born François-Anatole Thibault [frɑ̃swa anatɔl tibo]; 16 April 1844 – 12 October 1924) was a French poet, journalist, and novelist with several best-sellers. Ironic and skeptical, he was considered in his day the ideal French man of letters. He was a member of the Académie Française, and won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Literature "in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements, characterized as they are by a nobility of style, a profound human sympathy, grace, and a true Gallic temperament".

France is also widely believed to be the model for narrator Marcel's literary idol Bergotte in Marcel Proust's In Search of Lost Time.
Bangladesh men's national indoor hockey team
The Bangladesh men's national indoor hockey team represents Bangladesh in men's international Indoor hockey and is controlled by the Bangladesh Hockey Federation. The team participate in the Men's Indoor Hockey Asia Cup.

2019 Men's Indoor Hockey Asia Cup
The 2019 Men's Indoor Asia Cup was the eighth edition of the Men's Indoor Hockey Asia Cup, the biennial international men's indoor hockey championship of Asia organized by the Asian Hockey Federation. It was held alongside the women's tournament in Chonburi, Thailand from 15 to 21 July 2019.

Iran were the defending champions having won the 2017 edition. Iran defended their title by defeating Kazakhstan 10–0 in the final. Malaysia won the bronze medal by defeating Uzbekistan 6–3.
Benoît Bati
Benoît Bati is a Congolese politician who served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as minister-delegate for the digital economy from 2016 to 2017. Previously he was a deputy in the National Assembly of Congo-Brazzaville from 2002 to 2016, and he has been president of the Foreign Affairs Commission of the National Assembly since 2017.

National Assembly (Republic of the Congo)
The National Assembly (French: Assemblée nationale) is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of the Republic of the Congo. It has 151 members, elected for five-year terms in single-seat constituencies.
No-observed-adverse-effect level
The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) denotes the level of exposure of an organism, found by experiment or observation, at which there is no biologically or statistically significant increase in the frequency or severity of any adverse effects of the tested protocol. In drug development, the NOAEL of a new drug is assessed in laboratory animals, such as mice, prior to initiation of human trials in order to establish a safe clinical starting dose in humans. The OECD publishes guidelines for Preclinical Safety Assessments, in order to help scientists discover the NOAEL.

Phases of clinical research
The phases of clinical research are the stages in which scientists conduct experiments with a health intervention to obtain sufficient evidence for a process considered effective as a medical treatment. For drug development, the clinical phases start with testing for drug safety in a few human subjects, then expand to many study participants (potentially tens of thousands) to determine if the treatment is effective. Clinical research is conducted on drug candidates, vaccine candidates, new medical devices, and new diagnostic assays.
ExifTool
ExifTool is a free and open source software program for reading, writing, and manipulating image, audio, video, and PDF metadata. As such, ExifTool classes as a tag editor. ExifTool can also be used as a metadata removal tool for supported file types, except for PDF, as old metadata is never actually deleted. (However, after running ExifTool the old metadata may be removed permanently using the "qpdf" utility) It is platform independent, available as both a Perl library (Image::ExifTool) and a command-line application.

ExifTool supports many types of metadata including Exif, IPTC, XMP, JFIF, GeoTIFF, ICC Profile, Photoshop IRB, FlashPix, AFCP and ID3, as well as the manufacturer-specific metadata formats of many digital cameras.

ExifTool is commonly incorporated into different types of digital workflows, and is often used in digital forensic analysis and library archival.

GeoTIFF
GeoTIFF is a public domain metadata standard which allows georeferencing information to be embedded within a TIFF file. The potential additional information includes map projection, coordinate systems, ellipsoids, datums, and everything else necessary to establish the exact spatial reference for the file.  The GeoTIFF format is fully compliant with TIFF 6.0, so software incapable of reading and interpreting the specialized metadata will still be able to open a GeoTIFF format file.

An alternative to the "inlined" TIFF geospatial metadata is the *.tfw World File sidecar file format which may sit in the same folder as the regular TIFF file to provide a subset of the functionality of the standard GeoTIFF described here.
Las Vegas (Modern Family)
"Las Vegas" is the 18th episode of the fifth season of the American sitcom Modern Family, and the series' 114th overall. It was aired on March 26, 2014. The episode was written by Paul Corrigan, Brad Walsh, and Bill Wrubel and directed by Gail Mancuso. The episode is notable for its overlapping story arcs between the characters as they each seek to find their ideal experiences in Las Vegas. This was the only episode of the show to feature only the parent cast.

Sarah Hyland, Ariel Winter, Nolan Gould, Rico Rodriguez, and Aubrey Anderson-Emmons do not appear in this episode.

This episode won Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series for Gail Mancuso at the 66th Primetime Emmy Awards along with nominations for  Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series and Outstanding Art Direction for a Contemporary Program.

Aubrey Anderson-Emmons
Aubrey Frances Anderson-Emmons, also known as Frances Anderson (born June 6, 2007) is an American actress and musician. She is known for her role as Lily Tucker-Pritchett on ABC's Modern Family (2011–2020).
Geiringer
Geiringer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Claudia Geiringer (born 1968), New Zealand professor of law

Elfriede Geiringer (1905–1998), Austrian Jewish survivor of the Second World War

Erich Geiringer (1917–1995), New Zealand writer, publisher, broadcaster, and a leading member of International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War

Eva Geiringer Schloss (born 1929), Austrian Jewish survivor of the Second World War

Hilda Geiringer (1893–1973), Austrian mathematician

Karl Geiringer (1899–1989), Austrian American musicologist, educator and biographer of composers

Martha Geiringer (1912–1943), Austrian biologist and Nazi victim

Martha Geiringer
Martha Geiringer (28 August 1912 – c. 18 January 1943) was an Austrian biologist who worked at the Biological Research Institute in Vienna from 1935 to 1938. She was forced to leave due to being Jewish during the Anschluss, the German invasion of Austria. She was executed in the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp.
Stichomythia
Stichomythia (Ancient Greek: στιχομυθία, romanized: stikhomuthía) is a technique in verse drama in which sequences of single alternating lines, or half-lines (hemistichomythia) or two-line speeches (distichomythia) are given to alternating characters. It typically features repetition and antithesis. The term originated in the theatre of Ancient Greece, though many dramatists since have used the technique. Etymologically it derives from the Greek stikhos ("row, line of verse") + muthos ("speech, talk").

Stichomythia is particularly well suited to sections of dramatic dialogue where two characters are in violent dispute. The rhythmic intensity of the alternating lines combined with quick, biting ripostes in the dialogue can create a powerful effect.

Dialogue in writing
Dialogue, in literature, is conversation between two or more characters. If there is only one character talking, it is a monologue. Dialogue is usually identified by use of quotation marks and a dialogue tag, such as "she said". According to Burroway et al., It can play an important role in bringing characters to life in literature, by allowing them to voice their internal thoughts.
Antonio Hidalgo
Antonio Hidalgo is the name of:

Antonio Hidalgo (defender, born 1943), Spanish footballer

Antonio Hidalgo (forward, born 1943), Spanish footballer

Antonio Hidalgo (footballer, born 1979), Spanish footballer

Antonio Hidalgo López, Spanish government minister

Antonio Hidalgo Sandoval (1876–1972), Mexican politician, governor of Tlaxcala (1911–1913)

Antonio Masip Hidalgo (born 1946), Spanish politician and Member of the European Parliament

Antonio Hidalgo (footballer, born 1979)
Antonio Hidalgo Morilla (born 6 February 1979) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a central midfielder, currently manager of Segunda División club Deportivo de La Coruña.

Over 17 seasons as a professional, he appeared in 412 games in the Segunda División, scoring 57 goals for six clubs, mainly Tenerife (five years) and Sabadell (four). In La Liga, he represented Tenerife, Málaga and Osasuna.

Hidalgo started working as a manager in 2016.
Bull Lake Dam
Bull Lake Dam (National ID # WY01378) is a dam in Fremont County, Wyoming within the Wind River Indian Reservation.

The earthen dam was constructed between 1936 and 1938 by the United States Bureau of Reclamation with a height of 81 feet.  It impounds Bull Lake Creek for irrigation storage and flood control, as part of the Riverton Unit of the extensive, multi-state Pick–Sloan Missouri Basin Program.  The dam is owned by the Bureau and is operated by the local Midvale Irrigation District.

The reservoir it creates, Bull Lake Reservoir (so named because the reservoir expanded an existing smaller natural lake) has a capacity of 151,737 acre-feet.  Recreation includes fishing.

Bull Lake gave its name to Bull Lake glaciation, the name of a glacial period in North America that is part of the Quaternary Ice Age.

Bull Lake is named for the Shoshone word for the lake, Baa Guchuna Yagait, literally Water Buffalo Crier, which refers to water where a buffalo cried or bellowed.

Fremont County, Wyoming
Fremont County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 39,234, making it the fifth-most populous county in Wyoming. Its county seat is Lander. The county was founded in 1884 and is named for John C. Frémont, a general, explorer, and politician. It is roughly the size of the state of Vermont. Fremont County comprises the Riverton, WY Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Iron Shark
Iron Shark is a steel roller coaster at Galveston Island Historic Pleasure Pier. The Gerstlauer Euro-Fighter roller coaster opened to the public on June 1, 2012. Iron Shark was the first Euro-Fighter coaster in Texas. The ride was installed by Ride Entertainment Group, who handles all of Gerstlauer's operations in the Western Hemisphere.

Steel roller coaster
A steel roller coaster is a type of roller coaster classified by its steel track, which consists of long steel tubes that are run in pairs, supported by larger steel columns or beams. Trains running along the track typically rely on wheels made of polyurethane or nylon to keep each train car anchored to the track. The introduction of tubular steel drastically changed roller coaster innovation, allowing for greater speeds, higher drops, and more intense elements such as inversions.

Arrow Dynamics is credited with inventing tubular steel track and introducing the first modern steel coaster with the opening of Matterhorn Bobsleds at Disneyland in 1959. Older steel-tracked coasters existed previously in a simpler form, such as Little Dipper at Memphis Kiddie Park in Brooklyn, Ohio, which is the oldest operating steel coaster in North America. The oldest in the world is Montaña Suiza at Parque de Atracciones Monte Igueldo (Spain), which has been operating since 1928.
Industrial inertia
Geographical industrial inertia is a stage at which an  industry prefers to run in its former location although the main alluring factors are gone.  For example, the raw material source is depleted or an energy crisis has emerged.

An industry may still like to stay in its former position because of its fixed cost (land capital etc.). A firm may also decide to stay in its former location if:

there is linkage with other activities of the area

it is in a favorable location for transportation

there is a skilled labour force

Skill (labor)
Skill is a measure of the amount of worker's expertise, specialization, wages, and supervisory capacity. Skilled workers are generally more trained, higher paid, and have more responsibilities than unskilled workers.

Skilled workers have long had historical import (see division of labour) as masons, carpenters, blacksmiths, bakers, brewers, coopers, printers and other occupations that are economically productive. Skilled workers were often politically active through their craft guilds.
Functional brigade
A functional brigade —or functional support brigade— is a brigade of the United States Army.

It is specialized in combat support or combat service support for a particular military role. The primary purpose of a functional brigade is to 
conduct operational or theater level tasks or support by "plugging" into operational formations at the theater level or those commanded by corps or division commanders performing as the Army Service Component Command (ASCC) once deployed. Functional brigades, like modular support brigades, have a modular subordinate structure that may vary considerably among brigades of the same type. Unlike the modular support brigades, functional brigades typically operate under theater control and depend on theater-level elements for signal and other support. The theater force may task-organize them to corps or division headquarters. Types of functional brigades include:

Combat support
In the United States Army, the term combat support refers to units that provide fire support and operational assistance to combat elements. Combat support units provide specialized support functions to combat units in the following areas:

Chemical Warfare

Combat Engineering

Military Intelligence

Security

Communications

Combat support should not be confused with combat service support. Combat Support units are focused on providing operational support to combat units, while Combat Service Support units are focused on providing logistical support to combat units. Actual combat units are collectively referred to as combat arms units; hence, all army units fall into the category of either combat arms, combat support, or combat service support.
Ponnu Velayira Bhoomi
Ponnu Velayira Bhoomi (transl. Land of gold) is a 1998 Indian Tamil-language comedy drama film directed by K. Krishnan. The film stars Rajkiran, Khushbu and Vineetha, with Manivannan, Vadivelu, R. Sundarrajan, Vennira Aadai Moorthy, Vittal Rao and Latha in supporting roles. It was released on 10 April 1998.

Latha (actress)
Latha Sethupathi, also known as Latha, is an Indian actress who starred in leading roles in South Indian films from 1973 to 1983. Latha became popular through her roles opposite MGR. She is also known for her roles in various Tamil television series.
KVME-TV
KVME-TV (channel 20) is a television station licensed to Bishop, California, United States, serving the Los Angeles television market as an affiliate of Jewelry Television. It is owned by Weigel Broadcasting alongside Avalon-licensed MeTV owned-and-operated station KAZA-TV (channel 54). KVME-TV's studios are located on North Main Street in Bishop, and its transmitter is located in the White Mountains, about 20 miles (32 km) east of Bishop.

White Mountains (California)
The White Mountains of California and Nevada are a triangular fault-block mountain range facing the Sierra Nevada across the upper Owens Valley. They extend for approximately 60 mi (97 km) as a greatly elevated plateau about 20 mi (32 km) wide on the south, narrowing to a point at the north, with elevations generally increasing south to north. The range's broad southern end is near the community of Big Pine, where Westgard Pass and Deep Springs Valley separate it from the Inyo Mountains. The narrow northern end is at Montgomery Pass, where U.S. Route 6 crosses. The Fish Lake Valley lies east of the range; the southeast part of the mountains are separated from the Silver Peak Range by block faulting across the Furnace Creek Fault Zone, forming a feeder valley to Fish Lake Valley. The range lies within the eastern section of the Inyo National Forest.
Titchener
Titchener is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Edward B. Titchener (1867–1927) British/American psychologist
who popularized the Ebbinghaus optical illusion (also known as Titchener circles)

Louise Titchener (born 1941), American novelist

Paul Titchener (born 1941), New Zealand author and local body politician

for Miss Titchener, see Titchener v British Rlys Board - a Scottish delict case

Edward B. Titchener
Edward Bradford Titchener (11 January 1867 – 3 August 1927) was an English psychologist who studied under Wilhelm Wundt for several years. Titchener is best known for creating his version of psychology that described the structure of the mind: structuralism. After becoming a professor at Cornell University, he created the largest doctoral program at that time in the United States. His first graduate student, Margaret Floy Washburn, became the first woman to be granted a PhD in psychology (1894).
Honorific
An honorific is a title that conveys esteem, courtesy, or respect for position or rank when used in addressing or referring to a person. Sometimes, the term "honorific" is used in a more specific sense to refer to an honorary academic title. It is also often conflated with systems of honorific speech in linguistics, which are grammatical or morphological ways of encoding the relative social status of speakers. Honorifics can be used as prefixes or suffixes depending on the appropriate occasion and presentation in accordance with style and customs.

Typically, honorifics are used as a style in the grammatical third person, and as a form of address in the second person. Some languages have anti-honorific (despective or humilific) first person forms (expressions such as "your most humble servant" or "this unworthy person") whose effect is to enhance the relative honor accorded to the person addressed.

Conflation
Conflation is the merging of two or more sets of information, texts, ideas, or opinions into one, often in error. Conflation is defined as 'fusing blending', but is often used colloquially as 'being equal to' – treating two similar but disparate concepts as the same. Merriam Webster suggested this shift in usage happened relatively recently, entering their dictionary in 1973.

In logic, it is the practice of treating two distinct concepts as one, which produces errors or misunderstandings as a fusion of distinct subjects tends to obscure analysis of relationships which are emphasized by contrasts. However, if the distinctions between the two concepts may appear to be superficial, intentional conflation can be desirable for the sake of conciseness and recall.
Ramon Henderson
Ramon Gaspar Henderson (born August 18, 1963) is a Dominican former bullpen coach for the Philadelphia Phillies of Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1998 to 2008. In 2008, he was given a coaching position with the Rookie-level Clearwater Phillies.  At the end of 2009, he was released from the Phillies organization.  However, in November 2012, he was rehired as a coach for the GCL Phillies. Henderson also played minor league baseball as an infielder in the Phillies organization from 1982 until 1989.

Ramon has become best known for his role in the 2005 and 2006 MLB All-Star Games, where he pitched to the Home Run Derby champions both years (Phillies outfielder Bobby Abreu and Phillies first baseman Ryan Howard, respectively). His performance in the 2005 Derby led to the well-publicized requests of Boston Red Sox designated hitter David Ortiz and Baltimore Orioles shortstop Miguel Tejada to have Henderson pitch to them in the 2006 Derby.

Designated hitter
The designated hitter (DH) is a baseball player who bats in place of the pitcher. Unlike other players in a team's lineup, they generally only play as an offensive player and usually do not play defense as a fielder or a pitcher during a game. Due to their specialized offensive-only role, the designated hitter is generally expected to produce above average offensive stats and production compared to other players who play defense.

In Major League Baseball, the position is authorized by Rule 5.11 of the Official Baseball Rules. It was adopted by the American League in 1973 and by the National League in 2022, making it universal in MLB. Within that time frame, nearly all amateur, collegiate, and professional leagues worldwide adopted the designated hitter or some variant, a major exception being Nippon Professional Baseball's Central League, which plans to adopt it in 2027.
Canton of Les Aix-d'Angillon
The Canton of Les Aix-d'Angillon is a former canton in the Cher département and in the Centre region of France. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It consisted of 12 communes, which joined the canton of Saint-Germain-du-Puy in 2015. It had 12,633 inhabitants (2012).

Cher (department)
Cher (/ʃɛər/ SHAIR; French: [ʃɛʁ] ⓘ; Berrichon: Char) is a department in central France, part of the Centre-Val de Loire region. Named after the river Cher, its prefecture is Bourges. In 2019, it had a population of 302,306.
Kantemirovskaya Street (Saint Petersburg)
Kantemirovskaya street (Kantemirovskaya ulitsa, Russian: Кантемировская улица) is a motor road of regional significance in Sampsonievskoye municipal okrug in Vyborgskiy district and partly in Primorskiy district of Saint Petersburg, Russia. It became rather important for the city's north and east and busy with traffic after its 1980s reconstruction and completion of Kantemirovsky bridge as a transit link between Vyborg Side (Vyborgskiy, Kalininskiy and Primorskiy districts) and Petrograd Side. The street got its current name in honour of the 1942 Soviet victory in the battle of Kantemirovka town in Voronezh Oblast province in southern Russia.

Kalininsky District, Saint Petersburg
Kalininsky District (Russian: Кали́нинский райо́н) is a district of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 504,641; up from 469,409 recorded in the 2002 Census.