hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tegart's Wall
Tegart's Wall was a barbed wire fence erected in May–June 1938 by British Mandatory authorities in the Upper Galilee near the northern border of the territory in order to keep militants from infiltrating from French-controlled Mandatory Lebanon and Syria to join the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine. With time the security system further included police forts, smaller pillbox-type fortified positions, and mounted police squads patrolling along it. It was described as an "ingenious solution for handling terrorism in Mandatory Palestine."

First Syrian Republic
The First Syrian Republic, officially the Syrian Republic, was formed in 1930 as a component of the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon, succeeding the State of Syria. A treaty of independence was made in 1936 to grant independence to Syria and end official French rule, but the French parliament refused to accept the treaty. From 1940 to 1941, the Syrian Republic was under the control of Vichy France, and after the Allied invasion in 1941 gradually went on the path towards independence. The proclamation of independence took place in 1944, but only in October 1945 was the Syrian Republic de jure recognized by the United Nations; it became a de facto sovereign state on 17 April 1946, with the withdrawal of French troops. It was succeeded by the Second Syrian Republic upon the adoption of a new constitution on 5 September 1950.
Heckler & Koch HK21
The HK21 is a German 7.62 mm general-purpose machine gun, developed in 1961 by small arms manufacturer Heckler & Koch and based on the G3 battle rifle. The weapon is in use with the armed forces of several Asian, African and Latin American countries. It was also license-manufactured by Fábrica de Braço de Prata in Portugal as the m/968 and in Mexico by SEDENA as the MG21. In the German military (Bundeswehr) and the federal police (Bundespolizei) it is designated "G8".

Secretariat of National Defense
The Secretariat of National Defense (Spanish: Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, SEDENA) is the Mexican government department responsible for managing Mexico's Army and Air Forces. Its head is the Secretary of National Defense who, like the co-equal Secretary of the Navy, is directly answerable to the President. Before 1937, the position was called the Secretary of War and Navy (Secretaría de Guerra y Marina). The agency has its headquarters in Lomas de Sotelo, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City. Some key figures who answer directly to the Secretary are the Assistant Secretary, the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces, and all military tribunals.

Alongside his role as a cabinet member the Secretary shares, since 2020, the official ex officio title of "Commanding General of the Mexican Army, Air Force, and National Guard" (Alto Mando del Ejercito, Fuerza Aerea, y Guardia Nacional).
Nice (surname)
Nice is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Geoffrey Nice (born 1945), British barrister and activist

Harry Nice (1877–1941), governor of Maryland, USA

Hellé Nice (1900–1984), name assumed by Mariette Hélène Delangle, a French motor racing driver

Margaret Morse Nice (1883–1974), American ornithologist

Margaret Morse Nice
Margaret Morse Nice (December 6, 1883 – June 26, 1974) was an American ornithologist, ethologist, and child psychologist who made an extensive study of the life history of the song sparrow and was author of Studies in the Life History of the Song Sparrow (1937). She observed and recorded hierarchies in chicken about three decades ahead of Thorleif Schjelderup-Ebbe who coined the term "pecking order". After her marriage, she made observations on language learning in her children and wrote numerous research papers.
Reconstruction (1995 film)
Reconstruction is a Canadian short documentary film, directed by Laurence Green and released in 1995. Made as a student film while Green was studying film at Concordia University, the film explores Green's own family history, including his discovery of the answer to the long-unaddressed family secret of what happened to his adopted sister who had simply disappeared from the family many years earlier.

The film premiered in May 1995 at Concordia University's Festival of Student Films. It was later screened at the 1995 Toronto International Film Festival, where it was named the winner of the Best Canadian Short Film award.

1995 Toronto International Film Festival
The 20th Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) took place in Toronto, Ontario, Canada between September 7 and September 16, 1995. The Confessional by Robert Lepage was selected as the opening film and Devil in a Blue Dress by Carl Franklin was selected as the closing film.

The 1995 festival notably marked the first time that TIFF published its film schedule to the World Wide Web in addition to the conventional paper calendar.
Matt Hill (writer)
Matt Hill (born 1984) is an English science fiction and horror writer from Tameside in Manchester, England. He also writes using the pen name M. T. Hill. Hill received a degree in journalism at Cardiff University and currently lives in London where he writes and freelances as a copywriter. He has written five novels and several short stories. Hill's novels The Folded Man and Graft were finalist for the 2014 Dundee International Book Prize, and the 2017 Philip K. Dick Award, respectively.

Hill's novels portrays a dystopian and decaying England set in the near future. British speculative fiction author Nina Allan called Hill "one of the most innovative and outspoken new writers of British science fiction currently on the scene."

Near future in fiction
The near future has been used as a setting in many works, usually but not limited to the genre of science fiction. It has become increasingly common in works from the 18th century onward, with some of the classic works in the genre being Jules Verne's Journey to the Centre of the Earth (1864) and H. G. Wells' The War of the Worlds (1898). 20th century saw works such as George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949) or the novels of William Gibson, the latter representing the emergence of the popular cyberpunk genre. While some, particularly early, works of this genre are optimistic showcases of technological and societal progress, many others are discussing emergent social problems such as environmental problems, overpopulation, oppressive political regimes or the possibility of a nuclear holocaust.
Nepenthes lamii
Nepenthes lamii /nɪˈpɛnθiːz ˈlæmiaɪ/ is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to New Guinea, where it grows at an altitude of up to 3,520 m above sea level, higher than any other Nepenthes species. Although once confused with N. vieillardii and previously regarded as conspecific with the closely related N. monticola, it is now recognised as a distinct species.

The specific epithet lamii honours Dutch botanist Herman Johannes Lam, who made one of the earliest known collections of this species.

Peristome
Peristome (from the Greek peri, meaning 'around' or 'about', and stoma, 'mouth') is an anatomical feature that surrounds an opening to an organ or structure. Some plants, fungi, and shelled gastropods have peristomes.
2006 Austrian Open – Doubles
Leoš Friedl and Andrei Pavel were the defending champions, but chose not to participate together. Friedl played alongside František Čermák, but lost in the first round to Juan Ignacio Chela and Luis Horna. Pavel teamed up with Rogier Wassen, but lost in the first round to Tomáš Cibulec and Łukasz Kubot.

Philipp Kohlschreiber and Stefan Koubek won the title, defeating Oliver Marach and Cyril Suk in the final, 6–2, 6–3.

Leoš Friedl
Leoš Friedl (born 1 January 1977) is a retired Czech tennis player.

Friedl's career-high ATP doubles ranking was No. 14, achieved on 8 August 2005. He often partnered in doubles with František Čermák. His career-high ATP singles ranking was No. 353, achieved on 13 November 2000.

In his career, he won 16 ATP Tour doubles titles and the 2001 Wimbledon mixed-doubles title with Daniela Hantuchová, where they beat Mike Bryan and Liezel Huber, 4–6, 6–3, 6–2.

Friedl coached Karolína Plíšková from July to December 2022.
Viktoria Chaika
Viktoria Uladzimirauna Chaika (Вікторыя Уладзіміраўна Чайка, born 26 December 1980) is a Belarusian female sport shooter. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed in the Women's 10 metre air pistol, finishing fifth, and the Women's 25 metre pistol, finishing 25th.  She also competed at the 2008,  2004 and 2000 Olympic games in the 10 metre air pistol (finishing in 4th, 16th and 11th respectively) and the 2008 and 2004 Games in the 25 metre pistol events (finishing in 13th and 32nd respectively).

Shooting at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's 10 metre air pistol
The women's 10 metre air pistol competition at the 2000 Summer Olympics was held on 17 September. Tao Luna equalled the Olympic record of 390 points in the qualification round, and won 1.7 points ahead of Jasna Šekarić. The host nation won the bronze medal through Annemarie Forder.
Bozüyük District
Bozüyük District is a district of Bilecik Province of Turkey. Its seat is the city Bozüyük. Its area is 860 km2, and its population is 78,010 (2021). The district borders İnegöl to the west, Pazaryeri to the northwest, Bilecik to the north, Söğüt to the northeast, Tepebaşı (Eskişehir) to the east, İnönü to the southeast, Kütahya and Tavşanlı to the south and Domaniç to the southwest.

Pazaryeri
Pazaryeri, (formerly Ermenı Derbent; lit. 'Armenian Mountain Pass', also Ermenı Pazarcık; lit. 'Armenian Bazaar' and simply as Pazarcık) is a town in Bilecik Province in the Marmara region of Turkey. It is the seat of Pazaryeri District. Its population is 6,243 (2021). The district has several small lakes, as well as a number of buildings in traditional Ottoman style. The mayor is Zekiye Tekin. Pazaryeri is one of the most important hop producers in Turkey. The town has famous local dishes like helva and boza.
Ibrahim ibn Bali
Ibrahim ibn Bali was a 15th-century Mamluk official and writer from Aintab who authored the Turkish masnavi Hikmetname in 1488. He served Qaitbay (r. 1468–96) as his ambassador to Bayezid II of the Ottoman Empire (r. 1481–1512) in Constantinople. He claimed to be a friend of the Mamluk Sultan Al-Mansur Fakhr al-Din Uthman (r. 1453) and attended his funeral in Damietta. His masnavi contains 12573 bayts, which he claimed to be 13000. He dedicated his work to Qaitbay. In his Hikmatnama, he was at an old age and wanted to author a Fetihname (declaration of victory), which remains undiscovered.

Old Anatolian Turkish
Old Anatolian Turkish (Turkish: Eski Anadolu Türkçesi), also referred to as Old Anatolian Turkic, was the form of the Turkish language spoken in Anatolia from the 11th to 15th centuries. It developed into Early Ottoman Turkish and Middle Azerbaijani. It was written in the Perso-Arabic script. Unlike in later Ottoman Turkish, short-vowel diacritics were used.

It had no official status until 1277, when Mehmet I of Karaman declared a firman in an attempt to break the dominance of Persian:
Stefan Janski
Stefan Janski is an opera director. He was the co-producer and librettist for the Sadler's Wells Theatre production of The Snowman of Kashmir in 1974, and has served as Associate Director with Glyndebourne Festival Opera and its Touring Opera, as well as staff director for English National Opera. He is Director of Opera Studies at the Royal Northern College of Music, which he joined in 1986. He has also worked freelance for notable companies such as Scottish Opera, Los Angeles Opera and the Royal Ballet of Flanders. He received significant acclaim for his production of Handel's Xerxes.

Serse
Serse (Italian pronunciation: [ˈsɛrse]; English title: Xerxes; HWV 40) is an opera seria in three acts by George Frideric Handel. It was first performed in London on 15 April 1738. The Italian libretto was adapted by an unknown hand from that by Silvio Stampiglia (1664–1725) for an earlier opera of the same name by Giovanni Bononcini in 1694. Stampiglia's libretto was itself based on one by Nicolò Minato (ca.1627–1698) that was set by Francesco Cavalli in 1654. The opera is set in Persia (modern-day Iran) about 470 BC and is very loosely based upon Xerxes I of Persia. Serse, originally sung by a mezzo-soprano castrato, is now usually performed by a female mezzo-soprano or countertenor.

The opening aria, "Ombra mai fu", sung by Xerxes to a plane tree (Platanus orientalis), is set to one of Handel's best-known melodies, and is often known as Handel's "Largo" (despite being marked "larghetto" in the score).
Tornado outbreak of May 19–22, 1957
From May 19–22, 1957, a tornado outbreak took place across the US Central Plains. A total of 59 tornadoes were reported from Colorado to the Mississippi Valley. The most destructive tornado of the severe weather event—likely part of a long-lived family—was rated as an F5, the highest level, and is often called the Ruskin Heights tornado, after the site of its worst damage, a suburb and housing development in southern Kansas City, Missouri. Additionally, a powerful F4 tornado virtually destroyed Fremont, Missouri, claiming seven lives, and an F3 tornado killed eight others in and near Belgrade, Missouri. A pair of F4s—one in Minnesota, the other in Kansas—also neared F5 intensity. In all, 59 people were killed during the outbreak, including 44 in the Ruskin Heights tornado.

Severe weather
Severe weather is any dangerous meteorological phenomenon with the potential to cause damage, serious social disruption, or loss of life. These vary depending on the latitude, altitude, topography, and atmospheric conditions. High winds, hail, excessive precipitation, and wildfires are forms and effects, as are thunderstorms, downbursts, tornadoes, waterspouts, tropical cyclones, and extratropical cyclones. Regional and seasonal phenomena include blizzards, snowstorms, ice storms, and duststorms.

Severe weather is one type of extreme weather, which includes unexpected, unusual, severe, or unseasonal weather and is by definition rare for that location or time of the year. Due to the effects of climate change, the frequency and intensity of some of the extreme weather events are increasing, for example, heatwaves and droughts.: 9
Mala (Yolandita Monge album)
Mala (Bad) is the twenty-sixth studio album by Puerto Rican singer Yolandita Monge, released by Universal Music Latino after the acquisition of Univision Music. The album was released on November 25, 2008, and follows the same musical and lyrical style as Demasiado Fuerte and was produced by José Luis Pagán.

Universal Music Latin Entertainment
Universal Music Latin Entertainment (UMLE), also known as Universal Música, is the Latin music division of Universal Music Group (UMG), founded in 2008. Headquartered in Los Angeles, with offices in Miami, it oversees the marketing and distribution of Latin music in the US (including Puerto Rico) and Mexico.

UMLE includes labels such as Universal Music Latino, Fonovisa Records, Universal Music México, Capitol Latin, Machete Music, and Disa Records. The division was formed after UMG acquired Univision Music Group and merged it with its roster of Latin artists and catalog.
Jasidih Junction railway station
Jasidih Junction (station code: JSME) is the busiest railway station of Jharkhand, in terms of train frequency and fourth in terms of footfalls after Dhanbad, Tatanagar and Ranchi and serving as the satellite station of Deoghar city in the Deoghar district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Many premium trains halt here like Howrah Rajdhani (via Patna), Howrah - New Delhi Duronto, Poorva Express, Kolkata - Patna Garib Rath, Shalimar Patna Duronto Express and recently launched Patna-Howrah Vande Bharat Express and Varanasi–Deoghar Vande Bharat Express. It has also been included under the Amrit Bharat Station Scheme and is waiting to be upgraded with world-class services.

Howrah–New Delhi Rajdhani Express (via Gaya)
The 12301 / 12302 Howrah - New Delhi Rajdhani Express (also known as Kolkata Rajdhani Express) is a Rajdhani class Superfast Express train of Indian Railways. The train connects the capital of West Bengal, Kolkata to the national capital of India, New Delhi, via the city of Howrah. This is the first Rajdhani Express of India and is one of the fastest trains of Indian Railways in Kolkata to Delhi route. Not only in Kolkata to Delhi route, it is also the fastest train in Howrah Railway Station.It connects the Howrah Railway Station in Kolkata to the New Delhi Railway Station in Delhi. Howrah Rajdhani Express is the Fastest Train From Howrah to New delhi and From New Delhi to Howrah covering the entire distance of more than 1450 km in just 17 hours. It receives the highest priority on its route and is also considered as the most premium train of ER. It is also the third fastest Rajdhani class train in India.It proudly holds the title of the King of Eastern Railway.
Goniodelphis
Goniodelphis hudsoni is an extinct iniid river dolphin known from the waters of Florida during the Miocene ~14.9—11.5 through 9.1—8.7 Ma (AEO).

The fossil specimens were found in just four phosphate mines in Polk County, Florida. These mines were:

American Agricultural Chemical Company (Serravallian)

Fort Green (Hemphillian)

Payne Creek (Hemphillian)

Gardinier (Zanclean)

Hemphillian
The Hemphillian North American Stage on the geologic timescale is a North American  faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 10,300,000 to 4,900,000 years BP. It is usually considered to overlap the Tortonian age of the Late Miocene and Zanclean age of the Early Pliocene. The Hemphillian is preceded by the Clarendonian and followed by the Blancan NALMA stages.

The Hemphillian can be further divided into the substages of:

Late/Upper Hemphillian: Lower boundary source of the base of the Hemphillian (approximate).

late Early Hemphillian: Lower boundary source of the base of the Hemphillian (approximate). Upper boundary source: base of Blancan (approximate).

early Early Hemphillian: Upper boundary source: base of Blancan (approximate).
Hexamidine
Hexamidine is an antiseptic and a disinfectant. Hexomedine is the trade name of a diisethionate solution (1/1.000) of hexamidine. Hexamidine is used primarily as its diisethionate salt, which is more water-soluble than the dihydrochloride. The dihydrochloride was first synthesized and patented as a trypanocide for May & Baker in 1939. Its amoebicidal properties emerged in the 1990s. The exact mechanism of its biocidal action is unknown, but presumed similar to quaternary ammonium compounds, involving binding to the negatively charged lipid membranes of pathogens. Hexamidine and its shorter congener, propamidine, are used as antiseptics and preservatives in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. They are particularly used for the topical treatment of acanthamoebiasis (Acanthamoeba keratitis).

Trypanocidal agent
A trypanocidal agent is an antiprotozoal agent that acts upon trypanosome parasites.

Examples include:

Aminoquinuride

benzonidazole

blasticidin S

DAPI

diminazene

diminazene aceturate

eflornithine

ethidium

isometamidium chloride

lonidamine

melaminylthioarsenate

melarsoprol

nifurtimox

pentamidine

posaconazole

puromycin

quinapyramine

salicylhydroxamic acid

suramin

tetraphenylporphine sulfonate
Music of Abruzzo
The Music of Abruzzo is a style of music in Abruzzo, Italy. Abruzzo is sparsely populated and is very mountainous, but the area has a musical history involving opera, sacred music, and even the town band. The great composer of delicate, 19th-century airs, Francesco Paolo Tosti, dedicated a series of compositions to the area, the romanze abruzzesi.

Paolo Tosti
Sir Francesco Paolo Tosti KCVO (9 April 1846, Ortona, Abruzzo – 2 December 1916, Rome) was an Italian composer and music teacher. Today, he is remembered mostly for his light-hearted songs, which are popular among vocal students.
Innovation competition
An innovation competition is a method or process of the industrial process, product or business development. It is a form of social engineering, which focuses to the creation and elaboration of the best and sustainable ideas, coming from the best innovators.

Business development
Business development entails tasks and processes to develop and implement growth opportunities within and between business organizations. It is a subset of the fields of business, commerce and organizational theory. Business development is the creation of long-term value for an organization from customers, markets, and relationships. Business development can be taken to mean any activity by either a small or large organization, non-profit or for-profit enterprise which serves the purpose of 'developing' the business in some way. In addition, business development activities can be done internally or externally by a business development consultant. External business development can be facilitated through planning systems, which are put in place by governments to help small businesses. In addition, reputation building has also proven to help facilitate business development.
Dinodocus
Dinodocus (meaning "terrible beam") is a genus of sauropod dinosaur, named by Richard Owen in 1884, with the type species, Dinodocus mackesoni. The name is now usually considered a nomen dubium. The name was given to some fossil bones from the Lower Greensand Group (Lower Cretaceous) of Hythe, Kent, England, were formerly placed in the genus Pelorosaurus (Mantell, 1850), but a review by Upchurch et al. (2004) concluded that Dinodocus is a nomen dubium.

Lower Greensand Group
The Lower Greensand Group is a geological unit present across large areas of Southern England. It was deposited during the Aptian and Albian ages of the Early Cretaceous. It predominantly consists of sandstone and unconsolidated sand that were deposited in shallow marine conditions.
2019 Formula Renault Eurocup
The 2019 Formula Renault Eurocup was a multi-event motor racing championship for open wheel, formula racing cars held across Europe. The championship featured drivers competing in 1.8 litre Formula Renault single seat race cars that conformed to the technical regulations for the championship. The 2019 season was the 29th Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 season organized by the Renault Sport. The series visited nine circuits around the Europe, with one overseas round at Abu Dhabi.

The series used Formula Regional chassis for the first time and new 1.8-litre turbocharged engine. Hankook tyres were used for the first time replacing Michelin.

Hankook
Hankook Tire & Technology Co., Ltd. (Korean: 한국타이어앤테크놀로지 주식회사; Hanja: 韓國타이어앤테크놀로지株式會社; RR: Hanguk-Taieo-aen-Tekeunolloji Jusikhoesa), also known simply as Hankook (/ˈhæŋkʊk/ HANG-kuuk, Korean: [haːnɡuk̚]), is a South Korean tire company based in Seoul. It is the seventh-largest tire company in the world. It is a part of Hankook & Company.
6th federal electoral district of Guerrero
The 6th federal electoral district of Guerrero (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 06 de Guerrero) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of eight such districts in the state of Guerrero.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative period by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the fourth region.

The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is María del Carmen Nava García of the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM)

Chilapa de Álvarez (municipality)
Chilapa de Álvarez is a municipality in the Mexican state of Guerrero. The municipal seat lies at Chilapa de Álvarez. The municipality covers an area of 566.8 km2.

The municipality has been heavily impacted by violence, and its municipal seat has been called "one of the deadliest towns" in Guerrero.