hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Psychotria adamsonii
Psychotria adamsonii is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is a shrub or tree endemic to the island of Ua Pou in the Marquesas Islands of French Polynesia. It is thought to be extinct.

The epithet adamsonii commemorates Alastair Martin Adamson of the Pacific Entomological Survey.

Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae (/ruːbiˈeɪsiːˌiː, -siˌaɪ/) is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 14,200 species in about 615 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family by number of species. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. Economically important genera include  Coffea, the source of coffee; Cinchona, the source of the antimalarial alkaloid quinine; ornamental cultivars (e.g., Gardenia, Ixora, Pentas); and historically some dye plants (e.g., Rubia).
2021 Kebbi massacre
On 3 June 2021, an armed group attacked eight villages in Kebbi State, northwestern Nigeria, killing at least 90 people. The attack began at 3 pm; the bandits, who rode motorcycles, attacked Koro, Kimpi, Gaya, Dimi, Zutu, Rafin Gora and Iguenge villages. The gunmen, from the neighbouring Nigerian states of Niger and Zamfara, also stole cattle and destroyed crops.

The governor of Kebbi State promised financial aid and "requested communities in the area to be tolerant, accommodating, friendly and peaceful".

States of Nigeria
Nigeria is a federation of 36 states, each of which is a semi-autonomous political unit that shares power with the federal government as enumerated under the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. In addition to the states, there is the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), in which the capital city of Abuja is located. The FCT is not a state, but a territory of the federal government, governed by an administration headed by a minister. Each state is subdivided into local government areas (LGAs). There are 774 local governments in Nigeria. Under the Nigerian Constitution, the 36 states enjoy substantial autonomy but are not sovereign entities, as ultimate authority lies with the federal government. Amendments to the constitution can be proposed by the National Assembly, but for an amendment to be valid, it must be approved by a two-third majority of the 36 state legislatures, as required under Section 9 of the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria.
Remington Model 58
The Remington Model 58, also known as the Sportsman 58, is a semi-automatic shotgun manufactured by Remington Arms in the mid-20th century.  It was Remington's first gas operated shotgun and was marketed alongside the recoil operated Model 11-48.  The Model 58 was manufactured in 12, 16, and 20 gauge from 1956 to 1963, until it was replaced by the Model 1100.

Semi-automatic shotgun
A semi-automatic shotgun is a repeating shotgun with a semi-automatic action, i.e. capable of automatically chambering a new shell after each firing, but requires individual trigger-pull to manually actuate each shot. Semi-automatic shotguns use gas operation, blowback, or recoil operation to cycle the action, eject the empty shell, and load another round. The first semi-automatic shotgun was the Automatic-5 by Browning.

Many semi-automatic shotguns also provide an optional manual means of operation such as by pump action or a charging handle.
Randall Baker
Randall Baker was a former Director of the School of Public and Environmental Affairs  at Indiana University, Bloomington. He was born in Wales in 1944 and died in 2020. He was awarded an honorary degree from Moscow State University, University of Sofia and Baku State University and also Honorary Professor at Western University (Azerbaijan) and New Bulgarian University where he helped establish a public affairs curriculum.

New Bulgarian University
New Bulgarian University (Bulgarian: Нов български университет, also known and abbreviated as НБУ, NBU) is a private university based in Sofia, Bulgaria.

Its campus is in the western district of the city, known for its proximity to the Vitosha nature park. The university also owns multiple other buildings across the country, as well as its own publishing house and a library.

Among the list of NBU Honorary Doctors and Honorary Professors are Richard Rorty, Thomas Sebeok, Wolfgang Iser, Terry Eagleton, Julia Kristeva, Jean-Pierre Vernant, Ralf Dahrendorf, Steve Forbes, Geert Hofstede, Ennio Morricone, Milcho Leviev, Raina Kabaivanska,  Alexander Fol, Vera Mutafchieva, and Georgy Fotev.

Since 2004, NBU has been an accredited partner of The Open University Business School.
Mindspeed Technologies
Mindspeed Technologies, Inc. was an American fabless semiconductor company that designed, manufactured, developed, and sold integrated circuits for communications applications in wireless and wired networks. The company's wireless portfolio was purchased by Intel in 2013.

Small cell
Small cells are low-powered cellular radio access nodes that have ranges from around 10 meters to a few kilometers. They are base stations with low power consumption and cost. They can provide high data rates by being deployed densely to achieve high spatial spectrum efficiency.

In the United States, recent FCC orders have provided size and elevation guidelines to help more clearly define small cell equipment. They are "small" compared to a mobile macrocell, partly because they have a shorter range and partly because they typically handle fewer concurrent calls or sessions. As wireless carriers seek to 'densify' existing wireless networks to provide for the data capacity demands of 5G, small cells are currently viewed as a solution to allow re-using the same frequencies, and as an important method of increasing cellular network capacity, quality, and resilience with a growing focus using LTE Advanced.
Te Hiko Pīata Tama-i-hikoia
Te Hiko Pīata Tama-i-hikoia  (?–1881) was a notable Māori tribal leader from the Wairarapa region in New Zealand. He identified with the Ngāti Kahungunu, Rangitāne and Ngāti Ira iwi. From the 1820s his people in the Wairarapa were attacked by tribes that had migrated from Taranaki and in the 1830s they took refuge at Nukutaurua on Māhia Peninsula. By about 1842 they had returned to the Wairarapa.

Ngāti Kahungunu
Ngāti Kahungunu (Māori pronunciation: [ˈŋaːti ˈkahʉŋʉnʉ]) is a Māori iwi (tribe) located along the eastern coast of the North Island of New Zealand. The iwi is traditionally centred in the Hawke's Bay and Wairārapa regions. The Kahungunu iwi also comprises 86 hapū (sub-tribes) and 90 marae (meeting grounds).

The tribe is organised into six geographical and administrative divisions: Wairoa, Te Whanganui-ā-Orotū, Heretaunga, Tamatea, Tāmaki-nui-a Rua and Wairarapa. It is the 4th largest iwi in New Zealand by population, with 82,239 people identifying as Ngāti Kahungunu in the 2018 census.
Odney
Odney is a common in the Thames, part of the civil parish of Cookham, in the English county of Berkshire, and occupies most of the Formosa Island eyot. The island may have been sacred to the main Saxon god, Woden; the common's name originates from the Old English "Wodenes-Eye" ("Woden's Isle").

Common land
Common land  is collective land (sometimes only open to those whose nation governs the land) in which all persons have certain common rights, such as to allow their livestock to graze upon it, to collect wood, or to cut turf for fuel. A person who has a right in, or over, common land jointly with another or others is usually called a commoner.

In Great Britain, common land or former common land is usually referred to as a common; for instance, Clapham Common and Mungrisdale Common. Due to enclosure, the extent of common land is now much reduced from the hundreds of square kilometres that existed until the 17th century, but a considerable amount of common land still exists, particularly in upland areas. There are over 8,000 registered commons in England alone.
Downary-Plac
Downary-Plac [dɔvˈnarɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Goniądz, within Mońki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.

Downary-Plac are located on the edge of the Biebrza Valley and coatings for the Biebrza National Park. By the village runs a country road  and county road connecting the Trzcianne Goniądz. It was formed in rural areas Downary in the 19th century as a settlement - the tsarist army barracks located near the Osowiec Fortress.

Mońki County
Mońki County (Polish: powiat moniecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Podlaskie Voivodeship, northeastern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Mońki, which lies 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of the regional capital Białystok. The county also contains the towns of Knyszyn, lying 13 km (8 mi) southeast of Mońki, and Goniądz, 11 km (7 mi) northwest of Mońki.

The county covers an area of 1,382.39 square kilometres (533.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 40,518, out of which the population of Mońki is 9,986, that of Knyszyn is 2,748, that of Goniądz is 1,814, and the rural population is 25,970.

Mońki County existed also between 1954 - 1975, but it was deleted after reform.
August 30 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
August 29 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - August 31

All fixed commemorations below are observed on September 12 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For August 30th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on August 17.

Saint Fiacre
Fiacre  (Irish: Fiachra, Latin: Fiacrius) is the name of three different Irish saints, the most famous of which is Fiacre of Breuil (c. AD 600 – 18 August 670), the priest, abbot, hermit, and gardener of the seventh century who was famous for his sanctity and skill in curing infirmities. He emigrated from his native Ireland to France, where he constructed for himself a hermitage together with a vegetable and herb garden, oratory, and hospice for travellers. He is the patron saint of gardeners and hemorrhoids.
Pourcieux
Pourcieux (French pronunciation: [puʁsjø]; Occitan: Porcièu) is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

The small village provides a typical image of the Provence of Frédéric Mistral, with vine-grower's houses built around a castle, and a town square and fountain shaded by hundred year-old plane trees. Its sunny hillsides sit at the foot of the Monts Auréliens, a short distance from the Montagne Sainte-Victoire made famous by Paul Cézanne.

Montagne Sainte-Victoire
Montagne Sainte-Victoire (Provençal Occitan: Venturi / Santa Venturi according to classical orthography and Ventùri / Santo Ventùri according to Mistralian orthography) is a limestone mountain ridge in the south of France which extends over 18 km (11 mi) between the départements of Bouches-du-Rhône and Var. Its highest point is the Pic des mouches at 1,011 metres (3,317 ft); this is not however the highest point in Bouches-du-Rhône, which is instead found in the Sainte-Baume massif. The Croix de Provence is a notable feature of the mountain. At a height of 19 metres, this cross, although not placed at the highest point of the mountain, stands out from the ridge far more than the Pic des Mouches.

The mountain is celebrated for its many appearances in a series of paintings by Paul Cézanne (1839–1906), who could see it from near his house in nearby Aix-en-Provence.
Eisuke Nakazono
Eisuke Nakazono (中薗 英助, Nakazono Eisuke, August 27, 1920 – April 9, 2002), pen-name for Hideki Nakazono, was one of Japan's pioneer writers of spy fiction.

Nakazono was born in Fukuoka Prefecture, spent from 1938-1946 in China, and died of pneumonia at a hospital in Kawasaki, Kanagawa. He won the 1992 Yomiuri Prize for Peking hanten kyūkan nite.

Kawasaki, Kanagawa
Kawasaki, officially Kawasaki City, is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, one of the main cities of the Greater Tokyo Area and Keihin Industrial Area. It is the second most populated city in Kanagawa Prefecture after Yokohama, and the eighth most populated city in Japan (including the Tokyo Metropolitan Area).

As of October 1, 2017, the city has an estimated population of 1,503,690, with 716,470 households, and a population density of 10,000 persons per km2. Kawasaki is the only city in Japan with more than one million inhabitants that is not a prefectural capital. The total area is 142.70 km2 (55.10 sq mi).
Lumkuia
Lumkuia is an extinct genus of cynodont, fossils of which have been found in the Cynognathus Assemblage Zone of the Beaufort Group in the South African Karoo Basin that date back to the early Middle Triassic. It contains a single species, Lumkuia fuzzi, which was named in 2001 on the basis of the holotype specimen BP/1/2669, which can now be found at the Bernard Price Institute in Johannesburg, South Africa. The genus has been placed in its own family, Lumkuiidae. Lumkuia is not as common as other cynodonts from the same locality such as Diademodon and Trirachodon.

Beaufort Group
The Beaufort Group is the third of the main subdivisions of the Karoo Supergroup  in South Africa. It is composed of a lower Adelaide Subgroup and an upper Tarkastad Subgroup. It follows conformably after the Ecca Group and unconformably underlies the Stormberg Group. Based on stratigraphic position, lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic correlations, palynological analyses, and other means of geological dating, the Beaufort Group rocks are considered to range between Middle Permian (Wordian) to Early Triassic (Anisian) in age.
Washington Malianga
Washington Malianga (21 June 1926 – 22 June 2014) is one of several leaders of the Zimbabwe African People's Union who left ZAPU in 1963 and founded the Zimbabwe African National Union. ZAPU leader Joshua Nkomo suspended their membership due to their opposition to his continued leadership. The other leaders were Ndabaningi Sithole, Robert Mugabe, and Leopold Takawira. He served as Party Secretary.

Malianga was born at the Old Umtali Mission in 1926.

In 1973 he lost his bid to be re-elected as Party Secretary. He died in Harare on 22 June 2014, one day after his 88th birthday.

Ndabaningi Sithole
Ndabaningi Sithole (21 July 1920 – 12 December 2000) was a Zimbabwean politician and statesman who, in July 1963, founded the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU), a militant, nationalist organisation that opposed the government of Rhodesia. He worked as a United Church of Christ in Zimbabwe (UCCZ) minister. He spent 10 years in prison after the government banned ZANU. A rift along tribal lines split ZANU in 1975, and he lost the 1980 elections to Robert Mugabe.
DGD
DGD can refer to:

Di-Gata Defenders, a 52 episode Canadian cartoon series that ran from 2006 to 2008

Dance Gavin Dance, a musical group

Dworkin's Game Driver, a MUD server software platform

Differential group delay, a term from optics

Development, Growth & Differentiation, a scientific journal

Group delay and phase delay
In signal processing, group delay and phase delay are functions that describe in different ways the delay times experienced by a signal’s various sinusoidal frequency components as they pass through a linear time-invariant (LTI) system (such as a microphone, coaxial cable, amplifier, loudspeaker, communications system, ethernet cable, digital filter, or analog filter).

These delays are sometimes frequency dependent, which means that different sinusoid frequency components experience different time delays. As a result, the signal's waveform experiences distortion as it passes through the system. This distortion can cause problems such as poor fidelity in analog video and analog audio, or a high bit-error rate in a digital bit stream.
LeTourneau Empowering Global Solutions
LeTourneau Engineering Global Solutions (LEGS) became LIMBS International in 2010 and is a non-profit initiative based in Longview, Texas, focused on bringing innovative, extremely low cost, high-quality prosthetic technology to people in developing nations. The focus of LEGS/LIMBS technology is its M1 Knee, a polycentric knee joint that meets international standards and can be manufactured locally for as little as $15 USD.

CURE International
CURE International, based in Grand Rapids, MI, is a Christian nonprofit organization that owns and operates eight charitable children's hospitals around the world. CURE provides medical care to pediatric patients with orthopedic, reconstructive plastic, and neurological conditions. The organization's stated mission is to "heal the sick and proclaim the kingdom of God." The organization currently operates hospitals in Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Niger, the Philippines, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

CURE treats conditions like clubfoot, knock knees, bowed legs, cleft lip/palate, burn contractures, hydrocephalus, myelomeningocele, and encephalocele.
Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful
An ordinariate for the faithful of Eastern rite is a geographical ecclesiastical structure for Eastern Catholic communities in areas where no eparchy of their own particular Church has been established. This structure was introduced by the apostolic letter Officium supremi Apostolatus of 15 July 1912.

In the Annuario Pontificio the eight existing ordinariates of this kind are listed together with the fifteen (pre-diocesan) apostolic exarchates. Of these ordinariates, four (in Argentina, Brazil, France and Poland) are generically for all Eastern Catholics who lack a 'proper' diocesan jurisdiction of their own rite in the particular country and who are therefore entrusted to the care of a Latin Archbishop in the country. The one in Austria is for Catholics belonging to any of the fourteen particular Churches that use the Byzantine Rite. The other three (Ex-Soviet 'Eastern Europe', Greece and Romania) are exclusively for members of the Armenian Catholic Church.

Ecclesiastical letter
Ecclesiastical letters are publications or announcements of the organs of Roman Catholic ecclesiastical authority, e.g. the synods, but more particularly of pope and bishops, addressed to the faithful in the form of letters.
1861 New York state election
The 1861 New York state election was held on November 5, 1861, to elect the Secretary of State, the State Comptroller, the New York State Attorney General, the State Treasurer, the State Engineer, a Judge of the New York Court of Appeals, two Canal Commissioners and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.

New York State Engineer and Surveyor
The New York State Engineer and Surveyor was a state cabinet officer in the State of New York between 1848 and 1926. During the re-organization of the state government under Governor Al Smith, the office was abolished and its responsibilities transferred to the New York State Department of Public Works, which in turn was absorbed by the New York State Department of Transportation in 1967.
Shire of Shark Bay
The Shire of Shark Bay is a local government area of Western Australia in the Gascoyne region.  It has an area of 25,423 square kilometres (9,816 sq mi) and a population of about 950.  It is made up of two peninsulas and Shark Bay, located at the westernmost point of Australia.  There is one town in the Shire of Shark Bay, Denham, which is the administrative centre for the Shire.  There are also a number of small communities; they are Useless Loop (a now-closed mining site), Monkey Mia (a popular resort where dolphins come in), Nanga and Hamelin Pool. The Overlander and The Billabong are roadhouses.

Roadhouse (premises)
A roadhouse, or road house, is a small mixed-use premises, typically built on or near a major road in a sparsely populated area or an isolated desert region, that serves passing travellers, providing food, drinks, accommodation, fuel, and parking spaces to the guests and their vehicles. The premises generally consist of just a single building.

The word's meaning varies somewhat by country. The historical equivalent was often known as a coaching inn, providing food, drinks, and rest to people and horses.
Baron Lloyd
Baron Lloyd, of Dolobran in the County of Montgomery, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1925 for the Conservative politician Sir George Lloyd. He was succeeded by his only son, the second Baron. He was also a Conservative politician. He had no surviving male issue and on his death in 1985 the barony became extinct.

Sampson Samuel Lloyd, grandfather of the first Baron, was Member of Parliament for Plymouth and Warwickshire South.

South Warwickshire (UK Parliament constituency)
South Warwickshire was a parliamentary constituency in the county of Warwickshire in England.  It returned two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post system.
WIFC
WIFC (95.5 FM) is a heritage contemporary hit radio station located in Wausau, Wisconsin. The station is owned and operated locally by Midwest Communications, previously owned by Journal Communications, Dave Raven (Raven Broadcasting) and originally Forward Communications. The call letters WIFC stand for Wisconsin Forward Communications. WIFC's main competition comes from HOT 96-7 (WHTQ), a top 40-CHR radio station broadcasting to the same area.

Formerly WSAU-FM (a beautiful music station), WIFC has broadcast its current format since August 1969, making it one of the longest-running continuously-broadcasting CHR-top 40 stations in the United States.

Journal Media Group
Journal Media Group (formerly Journal Communications) was a Milwaukee, Wisconsin–based newspaper publishing company. The company's roots were first established in 1882 as the owner of its namesake, the Milwaukee Journal, and expanded into broadcasting with the establishment of WTMJ radio and WTMJ-TV, and the acquisition of other television and radio stations.

On April 1, 2015, the E. W. Scripps Company acquired Journal Communications, and spun out the publishing operations of both Scripps and Journal into a new company known as Journal Media Group. It is led by Timothy E. Stautberg—the former head of Scripps' newspaper business, joined by previous Journal CEO Stephen J. Smith as a chairman. In 2016, Journal Media Group was acquired by Gannett.
York Lodge (Cazenovia, New York)
York Lodge, also known as Bittersweet, is a historic home and national historic district located at Cazenovia in Madison County, New York. The district contains six contributing buildings and one contributing site. The main house, which was built about 1904, is an eclectic mansion with features reflecting a combination of the then popular Jacobethan Revival, Georgian Revival, and Shingle Styles.  It is a 2+1⁄2-story, L-shaped, frame dwelling built as a summer residence.  It features a 2-story, semi-circular sleeping porch with shingled piers and a conical roof.  Also on the property is a gazebo, carriage house, gardener's cottage, garage, and two work sheds.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

Shingle style architecture
The shingle style is an American architectural style made popular by the rise of the New England school of architecture, which eschewed the highly ornamented patterns of the Eastlake style in Queen Anne architecture. In the shingle style, English influence was combined with the renewed interest in Colonial American architecture which followed the 1876 celebration of the Centennial. The plain, shingled surfaces of colonial buildings were adopted, and their massing emulated.

Aside from being a style of design, the style also conveyed a sense of the house as continuous volume. This effect—of the building as an envelope of space, rather than a great mass, was enhanced by the visual tautness of the flat shingled surfaces, the horizontal shape of many shingle style houses, and the emphasis on horizontal continuity, both in exterior details and in the flow of spaces within the houses.