hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Code-mixing
Code-mixing is the mixing of two or more languages or language varieties in speech.

Some scholars use the terms "code-mixing" and "code-switching" interchangeably, especially in studies of syntax, morphology, and other formal aspects of language. Others assume more specific definitions of code-mixing, but these specific definitions may be different in different subfields of linguistics, education theory, communications etc.

Code-mixing is similar to the use or creation of pidgins, but while a pidgin is created across groups that do not share a common language, code-mixing may occur within a multilingual setting where speakers share more than one language.

Formalism (philosophy)
The term formalism describes an emphasis on form over content or meaning in the arts, literature, or philosophy. A practitioner of formalism is called a formalist. A formalist, with respect to some discipline, holds that there is no transcendent meaning to that discipline other than the literal content created by a practitioner. For example, formalists within mathematics claim that mathematics is no more than the symbols written down by the mathematician, which is based on logic and a few elementary rules alone. This is as opposed to non-formalists in that field, who hold that there are some things inherently true, and they are not necessarily dependent on the symbols within mathematics so much as a greater truth. Formalists within a discipline are completely concerned with "the rules of the game," as there is no other external truth that can be achieved beyond those given rules. In this sense, formalism lends itself well to disciplines based upon axiomatic systems.
Rich Keeble
Rich Keeble is a British actor and voiceover artist. He is known for appearances in TV series including Brian Hetherington in Rivals (2024-present), Mr Arnold in Good Omens (2023), Trevor in The Change (2023-2025), and various characters in The Emily Atack Show (2020-2021). Other TV appearances include Ghosts (2022), The Beaker Girls (2023) and Trying (2022).

He is also known for his voice acting in video games including Monoco and other characters in Clair Obscur: Expedition 33 (2025), Fenrico in Wuthering Waves (2025), and Frank Fairburne in Strange Brigade (2018).

Emily Atack
Emily Jane Atack (born 18 December 1989) is an English actress, comedian and television personality. She played the role of Charlotte Hinchcliffe on the E4 comedy series The Inbetweeners (2008–2010), and appeared in Keith Lemon shows, such as Lemon La Vida Loca (2012), The Keith Lemon Sketch Show (2015), and The Keith & Paddy Picture Show (2017).

Atack appeared on the fifth series of Dancing on Ice in 2010. She was runner-up on the eighteenth series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! in 2018, and went on to co-present the final series of its spin off show I'm a Celebrity: Extra Camp in 2019. Since 2020, she has starred in her own comedy series The Emily Atack Show.
Génial Olivier
Génial Olivier (Brilliant Olivier) is a humorous Belgian comic series about a child prodigy. Written and drawn by Jacques Devos, it first appeared in Spirou magazine in 1963 and lasted a quarter of a century, ending with Devos' retirement in 1988.

The series consisted mainly of one-page gags and short stories which covered several pages. There were few full-length adventures. The strip was also notable for the puns and jokes in the text.

Gag cartoon
A gag cartoon (also panel cartoon, single-panel cartoon, or gag panel) is most often a single-panel cartoon, usually including a caption beneath the drawing. In some cases, dialogue may appear in speech balloons, following the common convention of comic strips. A pantomime cartoon carries no caption (see also: pantomime comics).

As the name implies—"gag" being a show business term for a comedic idea—these cartoons are most often intended to provoke laughter. Popular magazines that have featured gag cartoons include Punch, The New Yorker and Playboy. Some publications, such as Humorama, have used cartoons as the main focus of the magazine, rather than articles and fiction.
Guy Fleming
Guy L. Fleming (May 27, 1884 – May 15, 1960) was an American naturalist whose conservation work led to the founding of Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve, now a 2000-acre protected coastal area of La Jolla, San Diego. The Torrey pine, Pinus torreyana, is the rarest pine species in the United States.

As district superintendent of state parks  for southern California, Fleming also worked to protect major nature preserves that extend from the U.S. border with Mexico to northern San Diego county; these include the natural areas that became Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, Cuyamaca Rancho State Park and Palomar Mountain State Park. As a fellow of the San Diego Society of Natural History, he worked closely with scientists and staff of the San Diego Natural History Museum, leading public nature walks for the museum and lecturing on environmental issues.

Palomar Mountain
Palomar Mountain (/ˈpæləmɑːr/ PAL-ə-mar; Spanish: Monte Palomar [paloˈmaɾ]) is a mountain ridge in the Peninsular Ranges in northern San Diego County, California. It is known as the location of Palomar Observatory and the Hale Telescope, and known for Palomar Mountain State Park.
David Mikics
David Mikics is a professor of English at the New College of Florida. He was the Moores Distinguished Professor in the Department of English and the Honors College, University of Houston.

His book on Stanley Kubrick in the Yale Jewish Lives series was published in 2020. His book about Saul Bellow entitled Bellow’s People: How Saul Bellow Made Life Into Art (W.W. Norton) was published in 2016.
Mikics, a Guggenheim Fellow for 2017, is a regular reviewer and columnist for Tablet magazine and The Jewish Review of Books, writing about 20th-century Jewish arts and culture. He lives with his wife and son in Brooklyn and Houston.

Tablet (magazine)
Tablet is an American conservative magazine focused on Jewish news and culture, featuring journalism, commentary, criticism, fiction, and essays. It was founded in 2009 by editor-in-chief Alana Newhouse and is supported by the Nextbook foundation. Tablet has won National Magazine Awards, including one for General Excellence.

The magazine has been described as conservative or center-right by Jewish organizations.
Wilderness Territory
Wilderness Hotel & Golf Resort is a large water resort in Lake Delton, Wisconsin. It is a combined size of 240,000 square feet (22,000 m2), and is part of a chain of two resorts, the newer and smaller one being Wilderness at the Smokies in Tennessee. The chain also includes four small outdoor waterparks.

Lake Delton, Wisconsin
Lake Delton is a village in Sauk County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 3,501 at the 2020 census. Located on the Wisconsin River and Lake Delton reservoir, the village forms a resort area and tourism destination along with nearby Wisconsin Dells. Lake Delton is included in the Baraboo micropolitan area about 40 miles (64 km) northwest of the state capital, Madison.
Charles N. Clark
Charles Nelson Clark (August 21, 1827 – October 4, 1902) was a U.S. Representative from Missouri.

Born in Cortland County, New York, Clark attended Hamilton College, Clinton, New York.
He moved to Illinois in 1859.
When the Civil War broke out he assisted in raising a company of cavalry, which was made Company G, 3rd Illinois Cavalry Regiment, August 6, 1861, and went directly into service.
He became disabled and left the Army in 1863.
He settled in Hannibal, Missouri, in April 1865.
He became interested in the Mississippi River bottom lands in Illinois and undertook their reclamation.

Clark was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1897).
He engaged in agricultural pursuits.
He died in Hannibal, Missouri, October 4, 1902.
He was interred in Wauseon Cemetery, Wauseon, Ohio.

Cortland County, New York
Cortland County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population of Cortland County was 46,809. The county seat is Cortland. The county is named after Pierre Van Cortlandt, president of the convention at Kingston that wrote the first New York State Constitution in 1777, and first lieutenant governor of the state. The county is part of the Central New York region of the state.

Cortland County comprises the Cortland, NY Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Ithaca–Cortland, NY Combined Statistical Area.

The Cortland apple is named for the county.
Russo (footballer, born 1976)
Ricardo Soares Florêncio, known as Russo (born 16 June 1976 in Olinda), is a retired Brazilian footballer who played as a defender.

At club level, Russo played for Sport, Vitória, Cruzeiro, Botafogo, Santos, São Caetano, Santos and Spartak Moscow.

He won the FIFA Confederations Cup with the Brazilian squad in 1997, but did not feature in any matches.

He played 1 game in the 2003–04 UEFA Cup for FC Spartak Moscow.

2003–04 UEFA Cup
The 2003–04 UEFA Cup was won by Valencia in the final against Marseille. It wrapped up a league and UEFA Cup double for Valencia.

Porto could not defend their title as they automatically qualified for the 2003–04 UEFA Champions League and also went on to win the final for their second European Cup title.
25th Japan Film Professional Awards
The 25th Japan Film Professional Awards (第25回日本映画プロフェッショナル大賞) was the 25th edition of the Japan Film Professional Awards. Films of 2015 which had not already won a major domestic film award were eligible. The ceremony took place on May 3, 2016, at Theatre Shinjuku in Tokyo.

2015 in film
2015 in film is an overview of events, including the highest-grossing films, award ceremonies, festivals, and a list of films released and notable deaths.

Fox Film (now 20th Century Fox), Universal City, California and Universal Studios Lot celebrated their 100th anniversaries; The Sound of Music and Dolby celebrated their 50th anniversaries.
La Voz Ecuador
La Voz Ecuador (Spanish: The Voice Ecuador) is an Ecuadorian reality talent show that premiered on Teleamazonas in 2015. Based on the reality singing competition The Voice of Holland, the series was created by Dutch television producer John de Mol Jr.

John de Mol Jr.
Johannes Hendrikus Hubert "John" de Mol Jr. is a Dutch media proprietor. De Mol is one of the men behind production companies Endemol and Talpa. He created the reality television formats Big Brother, Star Academy and The Voice, and the game shows Fear Factor, Deal or No Deal and The Floor.

Forbes estimated him to be worth about US$1.8 billion in 2023.
New York (World Series of Football)
"New York" (the New Yorks or the New York Philadelphians) was a professional football team formed by promoter Tom O'Rouke for the World Series of Football in 1902. The event was held in New York City at Madison Square Garden. It featured five football teams from New York and New Jersey: the Syracuse Athletic Club, Orange Athletic Club, Knickerbocker Athletic Club, Warlow Athletic Club and "New York". The "New York" team was designed and heavily favored to win the tournament. However, they were defeated in the opening game by Syracuse.

Orange/Newark Tornadoes
The Orange Tornadoes and Newark Tornadoes were two manifestations of a long-lived professional American football franchise that existed in some form from 1887 to 1941 and from 1958 to 1970, having played in the American Amateur Football Union from 1888 to 1895, the National Football League from 1929 to 1930, the American Association from 1936 to 1941, the Atlantic Coast Football League from 1963 to 1964 and 1970, and the Continental Football League from 1965 to 1969. The team was based for most of its history in Orange, New Jersey, with many of its later years in Newark. Its last five seasons of existence were as the Orlando Panthers, when the team was based in Orlando, Florida. The NFL franchise was sold back to the league in October 1930. The team had four head coaches in its two years in the NFL – Jack Depler in Orange, and Jack Fish, Al McGall and Andy Salata in Newark.
Lewis Greifer
Lewis Greifer (19 December 1915 – 18 March 2003) was an English writer for television, film, and radio.

Greifer was born in London, England. After wartime service in the Royal Air Force (RAF), he pursued a career in journalism and joined the London Evening Standard, where he worked from 1952 to 1956. He contributed sketches for radio, including for The Goon Show amongst others. In 1969, he diversified somewhat and devised Who-Dun-It for ATV, an audience participation series.

Greifer also wrote episodes of The Prisoner ("The General", 1967), Crossroads, and the initial draft of the Tom Baker Doctor Who story Pyramids of Mars. The latter script was radically rewritten by script editor Robert Holmes, who used the pseudonym Stephen Harris on the final product. Greifer had meanwhile returned to teach at the University of Tel Aviv, and had little contact with television in his remaining years.

Who-Dun-It (TV series)
Who-Dun-It is a 1969 British television crime drama series. It was a series of 13 television plays where a detective tries to solve a murder and the audience is presented with the clues to give them a challenge to solve it themselves. The lead investigator, who also narrated the shows, changed back and forth during the series starting with Jeremy Moon (played by Gary Raymond), followed by Detective Inspector Trubshaw (Victor Platt), Cynthia Park (Amanda Reiss) and Inspector White (Anthony Sagar). The series aired on ATN 7 in Australia in 1971.

TV Times ran their own series of Who-dun-it articles alongside the TV series to get viewers "into training".
Acanthistius fuscus
Acanthistius fuscus, also known as the Rapanui seabass, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Serranidae, the groupers and sea basses. The species is native to the Southeast Pacific Ocean around Easter Island and Sala y Gómez.

Serranidae
Serranidae is a family of marine fish belonging to the order Perciformes. The family used to contain about 450 species in 65 genera, including some of the sea basses and groupers, but taxonomic revisions split out Epinephelinae (groupers), Grammistini (soapfish),  and Anthiadinae (anthias); as a consequence, this family is now much less speciose. Representatives of this group live in tropical and subtropical seas worldwide.
Zambeccari
Zambeccari is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Count Francesco Zambeccari (1752–1812), Italian aviator

Giuseppe Zambeccari (1655–1728), Italian physician and anatomist

Pompeo Zambeccari (1518–1571), Italian clergyman

Notable buildings linked to the aristocratic Zambeccari family in Bologna was:

Palazzo Zambeccari, Bologna

Biblioteca Zambeccari near the former-church of Santa Lucia, Bologna

Palazzo Zambeccari
The Palazzo Zambeccari at 11 Via Carbonesi is a Neoclassical urban palace in central Bologna, region of Emilia-Romagna, Italy. It is located diagonal to the facade of San Paolo Maggiore, and in 2015 was home to offices of the Banco Popular di Milano SCRL.
Miriam Glazer-Ta'asa
Miriam Glazer-Ta'asa (Hebrew: מרים גלזר-תעסה; born 11 August 1929) is an Israeli former politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Likud between 1981 and 1988, and as Deputy Minister of Education and Culture from 1981 until 1984.

Ministry of Education (Israel)
The Ministry of Education (Hebrew: מִשְׂרָד הַחִנּוּךְ, translit. Misrad HaHinukh; Arabic: وزارة التربية والتعليم) is the branch of the Israeli government charged with overseeing public education institutions in Israel. The department is headed by the Minister of Education, who is a member of the cabinet. The ministry has previously included culture and sport, although this is now covered by the Ministry of Culture and Sport.
KHKC-FM
KHKC-FM 102.1 FM is a radio station licensed to Atoka, Oklahoma.  The station broadcasts a country music format and is owned by Keystone Broadcasting Corporation.

The station building in Atoka housing both KHKC-FM and KZIG-FM was destroyed by a tornado on May 9, 2016. A new building in another location housing both stations reopened exactly one year later.

Tornado outbreak of May 7–10, 2016
A significant four-day outbreak of tornadoes impacted areas across the High Plains, central Midwest, and parts of the Ohio Valley in early May. The outbreak also produced the first EF4 tornado of the year in Katie, Oklahoma on May 9, where one death occurred. An EF3 tornado near Connerville, Oklahoma also killed a person that day. Other notable tornadoes included two large EF2 tornadoes in Colorado on May 7, a large EF2 tornado near Catherine, Kansas on May 8, and a destructive EF3 tornado that struck Mayfield, Kentucky on May 10. Overall, 57 tornadoes were confirmed.
Arístides Mejía
Arístides Mejía Carranza (born July 30, 1960) served as the Vice President Commissioner of Honduras from 1 February 2009 until 28 June 2009. The position of "Vice President Commissioner" was created by former President Manuel Zelaya after then-Vice President Elvin Santos resigned in late 2008. Arístides Mejía didn't fully occupied the charge, he was a Presidential Commissioner not a vice-president since he was appointed by President Zelaya and not popularly elected.

President of Honduras
The president of Honduras (Spanish: Presidente de Honduras), officially known as the  president of the Republic of Honduras (Spanish: Presidente de la República de Honduras), is the head of state and head of government of Honduras, and the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces. According to the 1982 Constitution of Honduras, the Government of Honduras consists of three branches: executive, legislative and judicial. The president is the head of the executive branch, their primary duty being to "execute and enforce the Constitution, treaties and conventions, laws and other legal dispositions". The President is directly elected for a four-year term.
Sara Rocha Medina
María Sara Rocha Medina (born 9 October 1967) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party.

A graduate of the Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, she worked as a lawyer before serving as municipal president of Catorce from 1995 to 1997.
In the 2003 mid-terms she was elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a plurinominal deputy, 
and she returned to Congress in the 2018 general election for San Luis Potosí's first district.

Electoral regions of Mexico
The electoral regions (Spanish: circunscripciones electorales) of Mexico are geographic areas composed of various states used for the election of the 200 proportional representation legislators to the Chamber of Deputies.

The country is split into five separate regions. Each of the five regions elects 40 deputies, who are selected according to party lists in the regions. To distinguish them from those elected in the 300 single-member constituencies, they are often referred to as 
"plurinominal deputies".

In contrast, the 32 senators-at-large elected to the Senate by the principle of proportional representation are drawn from party lists covering the entire country; the electoral regions therefore play no role in Senate elections.
Pilifer
A pilifer ("hair-bearing") or labral pilifer is part of a hearing organ found on the heads of hawkmoths of the subtribe Choerocampina. This organ detects the high-pitched echolocation sounds of insectivorous bats, and enables the moth to elude them.

Each of these two "ears" consists of a chordotonal organ of a single sensory cell attached to the base of the labral pilifer, a bristled structure located next to the moth's tongue. This organ functions in conjunction with the labial palp, the second segment of which is inflated and free of scales. In its normal configuration the distal lobe of the pilifer and the inner surface of the inflated palp segment are in close contact, the latter functioning as receiver.

Hearing
Hearing, or auditory perception, is the ability to perceive sounds through an organ, such as an ear, by detecting vibrations as periodic changes in the pressure of a surrounding medium. The academic field concerned with hearing is auditory science.

Sound may be heard through solid, liquid, or gaseous matter. It is one of the traditional five senses. Partial or total inability to hear is called hearing loss.

In humans and other vertebrates, hearing is performed primarily by the auditory system: mechanical waves, known as vibrations, are detected by the ear and transduced into nerve impulses that are perceived by the brain (primarily in the temporal lobe). Like touch, audition requires sensitivity to the movement of molecules in the world outside the organism. Both hearing and touch are types of mechanosensation.
Diogo Bernardes Theatre
The Diogo Bernardes Theatre (Portuguese: Teatro Diogo Bernardes) is a theatre in the civil parish of Arca e Ponte de Lima, in the municipality of Ponte de Lima, in the Portuguese district of Viana do Castelo.

Concelho
Concelho (Portuguese: [kõˈseʎu]) is the Portuguese-language term for municipality, referring to the territorial subdivision in local government. In comparison, the word município ([muniˈsipiu]) refers to the organs of State. This differentiation is still in use in Portugal and some of its former overseas provinces, but is no longer in use in Brazil following the abolition of these organs, in favour of the French prefecture system. It is similar to borough and council.
Josep Acebillo
Josep Acebillo (born in Huesca, Aragon, Spain, in 1946) is a Spanish architect and is currently research professor at the University Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona. He obtained his Architecture degree from the Polytechnic University of Catalonia (ETSAB-1974).

Narcís Serra
Narcís Serra i Serra ((Catalan pronunciation: [nəɾˈsis ˈsɛrə]; born 30 May 1943) is a Spanish economist and politician, serving as Deputy Prime Minister of Spain from 1991 to 1995. Born in Barcelona in 1943, he was one of the leading figures of Catalan socialism during the Spanish transition to democracy, and he was one of the founders of the Socialists' Party of Catalonia, the Catalan branch of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).
Taff Acre
Taff Acre is a Welsh television soap opera produced by Harlech Television (HTV) Wales for the ITV network.

Taff Acre was a fictional village in South Wales, set just outside Cardiff. The series dealt with the lives of the Johnson family.

Transmitted twice a week between September and December 1981, the series was not renewed beyond its initial run of 26 episodes.

ITV Wales & West
ITV Wales and West, previously known as Harlech Television (HTV), was an ITV franchisee in the United Kingdom until 31 December 2013, licensed to broadcast by the regulator Ofcom.

There is no channel, past or present, named "ITV Wales and West". The licence relates to a "dual region", meaning that the franchise area was divided into two sub-regions, Wales and the West of England, each of which had to be served by distinct and separate ITV programme services, as more fully defined within the licence.

From January 2014, the dual-region licence was split in two, with ITV Cymru Wales for Wales and ITV West Country covering both the West of England sub-region and South West England. Both licences remain held by ITV plc through its subsidiary ITV Broadcasting Ltd, and the legal names of the former HTV companies have not yet been changed again, although the former holding company was however dissolved on 7 February 2023.