hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Voiced labiodental approximant
A voiced labiodental approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It is something between an English /w/ and /v/, pronounced with the teeth and lips held in the position used to articulate the letter V. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʋ⟩, a letter v with a leftward hook protruding from the upper right of the letter. In some sources, this letter indicates a bilabial approximant, though this is more accurately transcribed with an advanced diacritic, ⟨ʋ̟⟩.

A labiodental approximant is the typical realization of /v/ in the Indian South African variety of English. As the voiceless /f/ is also realized as an approximant ([ʋ̥]), it is also an example of a language contrasting voiceless and voiced labiodental approximants.

Relative articulation
In phonetics and phonology, relative articulation is description of the manner and place of articulation of a speech sound relative to some reference point. Typically, the comparison is made with a default, unmarked articulation of the same phoneme in a neutral sound environment. For example, the English velar consonant /k/ is fronted before the vowel /iː/ (as in keep) compared to articulation of /k/ before other vowels (as in cool). This fronting is called palatalization.

The relative position of a sound may be described as advanced (fronted), retracted (backed), raised, lowered, centralized, or mid-centralized. The latter two terms are only used with vowels, and are marked in the International Phonetic Alphabet with diacritics over the vowel letter. The others are used with both consonants and vowels, and are marked with iconic diacritics under the letter. Another dimension of relative articulation that has IPA diacritics is the degree of roundedness, more rounded and less rounded.
Veiller
Veiller is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Amelie Veiller Van Norman (1844–1920), French-born American educator

Anthony Veiller (1903–1965), American screenwriter

Bayard Veiller (1869–1943), American playwright

Lawrence Veiller (1872–1959), American social reformer

Amelie Veiller Van Norman
Amelie Veiller Van Norman (1844 – November 7, 1920) was a French-born American educator. She was the wife and successor of Rev. Daniel C. Van Norman in the proprietorship of the Van Norman Institute in New York City. She was a leader in movements for civic reform. She was the first president of the Jeanne d'Arc Suffrage League, and the vice-president of Le Lyceum Société des Femmes de France à New York. At the Paris Exposition of 1889, she received a gold medal for her work as an educator.
Elements (Elaine EP)
Elements is the debut extended play by South African singer and songwriter Elaine. It was self-released on  29 September 2019. It was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry of South Africa (RiSA).

Elements was nominated for Best R&B/Soul Album at the 2020 South African Music Awards.

Recording Industry of South Africa
Recording Industry of South Africa (RiSA) is a trade association representing the interests of major and independent record labels of South Africa. Located in Randburg, RiSA is responsible for running the annual South African Music Awards (SAMAs) and for music recording certification in South Africa. It also runs The Official South African Charts (TOSAC).
Vidrà
Vidrà (Catalan pronunciation: [biˈðɾa]) is a municipality in the comarca of Osona in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated in the valley of the Ges river, between the Bellmunt and Milany ranges, in the north of the comarca. It is linked to Sant Quirze de Besora by a local road. There are the roman churches of Sant Bartomeu de Covildases and of Santa Margarida de Cabagès in the municipal territory. Vidrà became part of Osona in the comarcal revision of 1990: previously it formed part of the Ripollès.

Comarques of Catalonia
The comarques of Catalonia (singular comarca, Eastern Catalan: [kuˈmarkə], Western Catalan: [koˈmaɾka]), often referred to in English as counties, are an administrative division of Catalonia. Each comarca comprises a number of municipalities, roughly equivalent to a county in the United States. Currently, Catalonia is divided into 42 comarques and Aran, considered a "unique territorial entity" and not a comarca.

Each comarca has a representative county council (Catalan: consell comarcal), except for Barcelonès, which abolished it in 2019, and Aran, which instead has the Conselh Generau d'Aran.

Comarques form the second-level administrative division within Catalonia, being a subdivision of vegueries (or provinces at state level).
Reign Over Me
Reign Over Me is a 2007 American buddy drama film written and directed by Mike Binder, produced by his brother Jack Binder, and starring Adam Sandler, Don Cheadle, Jada Pinkett Smith, Liv Tyler, Donald Sutherland, Saffron Burrows, and Binder himself. The film follows the story of former college roommates and old friends Alan and Charlie, the latter of whom is struggling with depression after the death of his wife and daughters in the September 11 attacks. This was Melinda Dillon's final film role.

Distributed by Columbia Pictures, the film was theatrically released on March 23, 2007, and on DVD and Blu-ray on October 9, 2007. It is the first of two films produced by Madison 23 Productions, a drama subsidiary of Sandler's Happy Madison Productions.

Buddy film
The buddy film is a subgenre of adventure and comedy film in which two people go on an adventure, mission, or road trip. The two typically are males with contrasting personalities. The contrast is sometimes accentuated by an ethnic difference between the two. The buddy film is commonplace in Western cinema; unlike some other film genres, it endured through the 20th century with different pairings and different themes.
Riley Chamberlin
Riley Chamberlin (November 7, 1854 – January 24, 1917) was an American silent film actor.

Born in Byron Center, Michigan, he was a graduate of Grand Rapids High School in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He was educated at Clinet College and Cornell University. In 1874 he made his professional debut as an actor at Charles R. Gardiner's Academy of Music in Chicago.

In 1910, billed as Riley Chamberlain, he performed in Lulu's Husbands on Broadway.

In 1912, he began acting in films with the Thanhouser Company at the age of 57, and starred in over 100 films until his death five years later at the age of 62.

Academy of Music (Chicago)
The Academy of Music was the name of three theaters in Chicago, Illinois. The first two theaters were located at 83. S. Halsted Street in West Side, Chicago near the intersection of Madison Street and Halstead. They were both destroyed by fire. The first theatre opened in 1872, and after it was destroyed in 1878 the second theatre was quickly built on the same property and opened the same year as the first fire. The second theatre was destroyed by fire in 1880.

The third Academy of Music was located at 16 Halsted Street. It opened in 1880 and operated as a legitimate theatre for thirty-five years. In 1915 it became a movie theatre, and continued to operate in that capacity until it closed in 1934. It was demolished in 1936.
Beira
Beira  can refer to:

Beira (mythology), the mother to all the gods and goddesses in the Celtic mythology of Scotland

Beira, Azores, a small village on São Jorge Island

Beira (Portugal), the name of a region (and former province) in north-central Portugal; three provinces were later known by the name:
Beira Alta Province (extinct)
Beira Baixa Province (extinct)
Beira Litoral Province (extinct)

Beira, Mozambique, a port city in Mozambique

Port of Beira, a Mozambican port

Beira Railroad Corporation, operating in Mozambique

Prince of Beira, a title within the Portuguese royal house

Beira (antelope) (scientific name Dorcatragus megalotis), a species of antelope

1474 Beira, an asteroid

Beira Lake, a lake in Colombo, Sri Lanka

Beira's Place, domestic violence service, based in Edinburgh, UK

Prince of Beira
Prince of Beira (Portuguese: Príncipe da Beira, feminine: Princesa da Beira) is a title traditionally granted to the heir apparent to the throne of Portugal. The title's original use that it be granted on the eldest daughter of the reigning monarch of Portugal. Tied with the title of Prince of Beira, is Duke of Barcelos, as heir to the Duke of Braganza and Prince of Brazil (later Prince Royal of Portugal). 
The title's name has its origins in the Beira province in central Portugal.
Kamta Prasad (politician)
Kamta Prasad Saxena was an Indian politician from the state of the Madhya Pradesh.
He represented Jatara Vidhan Sabha constituency of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly by winning General election of 1957.Awadhesh Pratap Singh became the first Chief Minister of the Baghelkhand Division and Kamta Prasad Saxena was appointed as the Chief Minister of the Bundelkhand Division. Later Awadhesh Pratap Singh became the Chief Minister of the entire state of Vindhya Pradesh.

Baghelkhand
Bagelkhand or Baghelkhand (IPA: [bəɡʰeːlkʰəɳɖ]) is a proposed state and a mountain range in central India that covers the northeastern regions of Madhya Pradesh and a small area of southeastern Uttar Pradesh.
Chorizema retrorsum
Chorizema retrorsum is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a trailing or erect to climbing shrub that typically grows to a height of 3 m (9.8 ft) high. It has orange-red, yellow and pink flowers from August to December.

It was first formally described in 1992 by Joan Taylor and Michael Crisp in the journal Australian Systematic Botany, from specimens collected between Walpole and Denmark.

Chorizema retrorsum grows in a range of soils from near Bunbury to Albany in the Jarrah Forest and Warren bioregions of southern Western Australia. The specific epithet (retrorsum) means "turned back", referring to the teeth on the leaf edges".

Australian Systematic Botany
Australian Systematic Botany is an international peer-reviewed scientific journal published by CSIRO Publishing. It is devoted to publishing original research, and sometimes review articles, on topics related to systematic botany, such as biogeography, taxonomy and evolution. The journal is broad in scope, covering all plant, algal and fungal groups, including fossils.

First published in 1978 as Brunonia, the journal adopted its current name in 1988.

The current editor-in-chief is Daniel Murphy (Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne).
Happy Garden
Happy Garden (Malay: Taman Gembira) is a township near Kuchai Lama, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Nearby housing areas include Taman United and Taman OUG.

Happy Garden is near Jalan Klang Lama, the Sungai Besi Expressway, the Kuala Lumpur–Seremban Expressway, New Pantai Expressway (NPE) and the KL–Putrajaya Expressway (Maju Expressway). Public transportation is also available. There are also food courts and restaurants within the neighborhood, and the township has a night market on every Monday. There is a wet market every day from 6am to 10 am where many groceries can be bought.

Sungai Besi Expressway
The Sungai Besi Expressway, abbreviated as SBE, is a major controlled-access highway in the Klang Valley region of Peninsular Malaysia. The 28.3-kilometre (17.6-mile) expressway runs between Serdang and Ampang, Selangor through southeastern Kuala Lumpur, parallel and directly adjacent to the North–South Expressway and the Kuala Lumpur–Seremban Expressway.
Arlington Museum of Art
The Arlington Museum of Art is a non-collecting art museum located in Arlington, Texas. It hosts art exhibitions and also offers art-related adult workshops, children's classes, film screenings, and lectures. A not-for-profit 501(c)(3) organization managed by a board of directors, it showcases internationally renowned collections in partnership with museums and private collectors from around the world. In 2024, the AMA moved from its previous location in downtown Arlington to the Arlington Expo Center in the city's Entertainment District.

Art museum
An art museum, or art gallery, is an organization, usually with buildings or spaces for the display of art from the museum's own collection. It might be in public or private ownership, be accessible to all, or have restrictions in place. Although primarily concerned with visual art, art museums are often used as a venue for other cultural exchanges and artistic activities, such as lectures, jewelry, performance arts, music concerts, or poetry readings. Art museums also frequently host themed temporary exhibitions, which often include items on loan from other collections.
Urvil Patel
Urvil Mukesh Patel (born 17 October 1998) is an Indian cricketer who plays for Gujarat in domestic cricket and Chennai Super Kings in the Indian Premier League. He is a right-handed batter and wicket keeper.

Gujarat cricket team
The Gujarat cricket team is one of the three first-class cricket teams based in the Indian state of Gujarat (the other two being the Baroda cricket team and the Saurashtra cricket team).

Led by Parthiv Patel, Gujarat won their maiden Ranji Trophy title in the 2016–17 season, beating Mumbai in the final at Indore. In that match they made the highest successful run-chase in the final of the Ranji Trophy.

It is in the Elite Group of the Ranji Trophy although it has had very little success. There have, however, been many cricketers that have passed through its ranks and gone on to play for the Indian cricket team. It falls under the West Zone in the Duleep Trophy.
Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery
Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery is a federal military cemetery in San Diego, California. It is located on the grounds of the former Army coastal artillery station Fort Rosecrans and is administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs.  Fort Rosecrans is named after William Starke Rosecrans, a Union general in the American Civil War.

The cemetery is located approximately 10 miles (16 km) west of downtown San Diego, overlooking San Diego Bay and the city from one side, and the Pacific Ocean on the other. The cemetery was registered as California Historical Landmark #55 on December 6, 1932. The cemetery is spread out over 77.5 acres (31.4 ha) located on both sides of Catalina Blvd.

Downtown San Diego
Downtown San Diego is the central business district of San Diego, California, the eighth largest city in the United States. It houses the major local headquarters of the city, county, state, and federal governments. The area comprises seven neighborhoods: Gaslamp Quarter, East Village, Columbia, Marina, Cortez Hill, Little Italy, and Core.

The downtown area is home of the San Diego Convention Center, the city's primary convention center. It is also home of the San Diego Symphony and the San Diego Opera, as well as several performing arts venues, such as Jacobs Music Center, the Rady Shell at Jacobs Park, and the San Diego Civic Theatre.

Downtown San Diego is located on San Diego Bay, which houses the USS Midway Museum and the Maritime Museum of San Diego. Balboa Park is a historic urban cultural park that borders the area. San Diego International Airport is located three miles (4.8 km; 2.6 nmi) northwest of downtown.
Highway M05 (Ukraine)
Highway M05 is a state international highway in Ukraine connecting the two largest cities: Kyiv and Odesa.

Together with the M01 it is a part of European route E95 (Saint Petersburg – Kyiv – Odesa … Samsun – Merzifon) and the Trans-European transportation corridor IX. The route is 453 km (281 mi) long. It starts in Kyiv, goes through Vasylkiv, Bila Tserkva, Uman, Liubashivka and ends in Odesa.

The road is a 2x2-lane dual carriageway in its entirety.

Merzifon
Merzifon is a town in Amasya Province in the central Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Merzifon District. Its population is 61,376 (2021). The mayor is Alp Kargı (CHP).

Modern Merzifon is a typical large but quiet Anatolian town with schools, hospitals, courts and other important infrastructure but few cultural amenities. There is a large airbase nearby.
Abubakar Surajo Imam
Abubakar Surajo Imam is the Nigerian first army professor. He specialises in mechatronics and robotics  and he is the current Head of the Department of Mechatronics Engineering at the Nigerian Defence Academy.

Nigerian Defence Academy
The Nigerian Defence Academy (NDA) is a military university based in Kaduna, Nigeria, that trains officer cadets for commissioning into one of the three services of the Nigerian Armed Forces: the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force. The duration of training at the Nigerian Defence Academy is five years (four years academic and one year military).
2011–12 Biathlon World Cup – Individual Men
The 2011–12 Biathlon World Cup – Individual Men will start at Wednesday November 30, 2011 in Östersund and will finish Tuesday March 6, 2012 in Ruhpolding at Biathlon World Championships 2012 event. Defending titlist is Emil Hegle Svendsen of Norway.

Emil Hegle Svendsen
Emil Hegle Svendsen (born 12 July 1985) is a retired Norwegian biathlete. He has won nine medals at Winter Olympics (four gold) and five individual gold medals and seven relay gold medals at World Championships.

He skis with Trondhjems Skiskyttere, based in his hometown Trondheim.
Goodman Games
Goodman Games is an American game publisher best known for the Dungeon Crawl Classics series of adventure modules and role-playing game, its science fiction offshoot Mutant Crawl Classics, and Original Adventures Reincarnated, a line of updated, annotated, and expanded republications of classic RPG adventures and supplements, mostly from TSR, Inc.'s Advanced Dungeons & Dragons. Additionally, Goodman Games produces RPGs using versions of the DCC rules for Fritz Leiber's Lankhmar and Jack Vance's Dying Earth settings, under license. The company has also produced licensed adventures for Wicked Fantasy Factory, Judges Guild, Xcrawl, Iron Heroes, Castles and Crusades, and Death Dealer.

ENNIE Awards
The ENNIE Awards (previously stylized as ENnie Awards) are awards for role-playing game (RPG) products (including game-related accessories, publications, and art) and their creators. The awards were created in 2001 by Russ Morrissey of EN World in partnership with Eric Noah's Unofficial D&D Third Edition News. The ceremony has been hosted at Gen Con in Indianapolis since 2002. Since 2018, EN World is no longer associated with the awards.

The ENNIES comprise two rounds. In the first round, publishers submit their products for nomination. Entries are judged by five democratically elected judges. The nominated products are voted on by the public in the second round. Winners of the annual awards are then announced at a ceremony at Gen Con.
Droplet Superpropulsion
Droplet superpropulsion is a physics phenomenon where liquid droplets or soft elastic materials can launch much faster than rigid objects when driven at specific frequencies. By matching an object's natural oscillation modes, energy can be stored and then released rapidly, resulting in higher launch speeds. This principle, called one-shot resonance, has been observed in insects like the glassy-winged sharpshooter and has applications in soft robotics, anti-icing surfaces, and new material designs. Research published in Nature Communications and Physical Review Letters describes how droplets and soft solids achieve this efficient propulsion by harnessing surface tension and elasticity.

Deicing
De-icing is the process of removing snow, ice or frost from a surface. Anti-icing is the application of chemicals that not only de-ice but also remain on a surface and continue to delay the reformation of ice for a certain period of time, or prevent adhesion of ice to make mechanical removal easier.

De-icing can be accomplished by mechanical methods (scraping, pushing); through the application of heat; by use of dry or liquid chemicals designed to lower the freezing point of water (various salts or brines, alcohols, glycols); or by a combination of these different techniques.
2020 Critérium du Dauphiné
The 2020 Critérium du Dauphiné was the 72nd edition of the Critérium du Dauphiné, a road cycling stage race. The race took place between 12 and 16 August 2020 in France, having originally been scheduled for 31 May to 7 June, and then postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in France. On 24 February 2020, the race organisers, the Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO), announced the route at a presentation in Lyon.

Wout van Aert
Wout van Aert (born 15 September 1994) is a Belgian professional road and cyclo-cross racer who rides for UCI WorldTeam Visma–Lease a Bike. Van Aert won three consecutive men's races at the UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships in 2016, 2017, and 2018.

Having initially prioritised competing in cyclo-cross, Van Aert  terminated his contract with Vérandas Willems–Crelan in 2018 and  joined Team Jumbo–Visma in March 2019, on a three-year deal. Van Aert has since taken more than fifty professional road wins, including ten stage victories at the Tour de France between 2019 and 2025 (also winning the points classification in 2022), and won Milan–San Remo – one of the five Cycling monuments – in 2020.

Following the 2022 Tour de France, where Van Aert won three stages, several media outlets labeled him as "one of the most complete cyclists of his generation". His rivalry with Mathieu van der Poel in cyclo-cross is considered among the greatest and longest lasting rivalries in the sport.
Martín de Goiti
Martín de Goiti (c. 1534 – 1575) was a Spanish conquistador and one of the soldiers who accompanied the Spanish voyage of exploration to the East Indies and the Pacific in 1565, in search of rich resources such as gold, spice and settlements. They were seeking to find a route to the islands where the previous Spanish expeditions led by Ferdinand Magellan had landed in 1521, and Ruy López de Villalobos in 1543.

From his base in Mexico City, he led the expedition to Manila in the Philippines, ordered by the Spanish general Miguel López de Legazpi in 1569. He then engaged in warfare against the native chieftains Rajah Sulayman, Rajah Matanda and Rajah Lakandula and fought the natives in order to establish European settlements.

East Indies
The East Indies (or simply the Indies) is a term used in historical narratives of the Age of Discovery. The Indies broadly referred to various lands in the East or the Eastern Hemisphere, particularly the islands and mainlands found in and around the Indian Ocean by Portuguese explorers, soon after the Cape Route was discovered. In a narrow sense, the term was used to refer to the Malay Archipelago, which today comprises the Philippine Archipelago, Indonesian Archipelago, Borneo, and New Guinea. Historically, the term was used in the Age of Discovery to refer to the coasts of the landmasses comprising the Indian subcontinent and the Indochinese Peninsula along with the Malay Archipelago.
Borysohlibska Fortress
The Borysohlibska Fortress was built between about 1731–1739 as one of the forts of the Ukrainian line. It is located on the right bank of the river Oril at a distance of 117 fathoms (about 250 meters) from the Dnipro River.

The fortress ramparts and ditches have not been brought into a complete project profile. Small 5 bastions and 2 ravelins are directed toward the river, which formed the stellate outline building. The main gate of the ditch led the bridge. Inside the barracks were placed garrisons, a house commandant powder keg, storeroom, refreshment shop, well, and a little chamber. The next settlement of the Borysohlibskyi regiment formed with respective residential, public and commercial buildings. The Borysohlibska Fortress was abolished in 1784. The area was flooded by the Dniprodzerzhynsk Hydroelectric Power Plant in 1962.

Rampart (fortification)
In fortification architecture, a rampart  is a length of embankment or wall forming part of the defensive boundary of a castle, hillfort, settlement or other fortified site. It is usually broad-topped and made of excavated earth and/or masonry.