hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Marj Rahit
The Battle of Marj Rahit can refer to one of several battles fought at the plain of Marj Rahit, near Damascus:

Battle of Marj Rahit (634), between the Muslim Arabs under Khalid b. Walid and the Christian Ghassanid Arabs

Battle of Marj Rahit (684), between the Umayyads under Marwan I and the partisans of Ibn al-Zubayr, under al-Dahhak b. Qays al-Fihri

Battle of Marj Rahit (947), between the Hamdanids under Sayf al-Dawla and the Ikhshidids

Battle of Marj Rahit (684)
The Battle of Marj Rahit (Arabic: يوم مرج راهط, romanized: Yawm Marj Rāhiṭ) was one of the early battles of the Second Fitna. It was fought on 18 August 684 between the Kalb-dominated armies of the Yaman tribal confederation, supporting the Umayyads under Caliph Marwan I, and the Qays under al-Dahhak ibn Qays al-Fihri, who supported the Mecca-based Caliph Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr. The decisive Umayyad victory consolidated their power over Bilad al-Sham (the Islamic Levant), paving the way for their eventual victory in the war against the Zubayrids. However, it also left a bitter legacy of division and rivalry between the Qays and the Yaman, which would be a constant source of strife and instability for the remainder of the Umayyad Caliphate.
RJR Plaza Building
The RJR Plaza Building (also known as the Reynolds American Plaza Building) is a 16-story skyscraper in Winston-Salem, North Carolina which was completed in 1982 for R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, currently the second-largest tobacco manufacturer in the United States. In 2009, the RJR Plaza building became the headquarters for both Reynolds Tobacco and its parent company Reynolds American after Reynolds decided in 2008 to vacate its longtime headquarters, the Reynolds Building.

The building, which has 449,150 square feet (41,726 square meters), was first planned in 1969 and would have been a pair of skyscrapers which would have been the tallest in the Southeastern United States. The FAA put an end to this plan.

Hammill-Walter Associates served as the architect. The architectural style is Modernism, with a curtain wall facade and concrete rigid frame construction.

A two-story galleria links this building and the Reynolds Building next door.

Rigid frame
In structural engineering, a rigid frame is the load-resisting skeleton constructed with straight or curved members interconnected by predominantly rigid connections, which resist movements induced at the joints of members. Its members can resist bending moment, shear, and axial loads.

The two common assumptions as to the behavior of a building frame are (1) that its beams are free to rotate at their connections or (2) that its members are so connected that the angles they make with each other do not change under load.  Frameworks with connections of intermediate stiffness will be intermediate between these two extremes. They are commonly called semirigid frames. The AISC specifications recognize three basic frame types: rigid frame, simple frame, and partially restrained frame.
Ottman
Ottman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ali Ottman (born 1987), Arab-Israeli footballer

Bill Ottman (born 1985), American Internet entrepreneur

Fred Ottman (born 1956), American wrestler

Jacquelyn Ottman (born 1955), American writer

John Ottman (born 1964), American film composer and editor

Kris Ottman Neville (1925–1980), American science fiction writer

Pepper Ottman, American politician

Bill Ottman, American entrepreneur

Kris Neville
Kris Ottman Neville (May 9, 1925 – December 23, 1980) was an American science fiction writer from California.

He was born in St. Louis. His first science fiction work was published in 1949. His most famous work, the novella Bettyann, is considered a classic of science fiction.
Sarcee Trail
Sarcee Trail is a major limited-access road in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It is divided into two portions, one in the south end of the city, and one in the north end of the city.  Originally planned as one continuous route, plans to connect the two halves have been shelved as it would involve the demolition of homes in Bowness and the disruption of the Bowmont Natural Area park. The urban arterial road is named for the Tsuu T'ina, who were also known as the Sarcee.

Limited-access road
A limited-access road, known by various terms worldwide, including limited-access highway,  partial controlled-access highway, and expressway, is a highway or arterial road for high-speed traffic which has many or most characteristics of a controlled-access highway (also known as a freeway or motorway), including limited or no access to adjacent property; some degree of separation of opposing traffic flow (often being dual carriageways); use of grade separated interchanges to some extent; prohibition of slow modes of transport, such as bicycles, horse-drawn vehicles or ridden horses, or self-propelled agricultural machines; and very few or no intersecting cross-streets or level crossings. The degree of isolation from local traffic allowed varies between countries and regions. The precise definition of these terms varies by jurisdiction.
Ó Maolconaire
Ó Maolchonaire, sometimes Ó Maoil Chonaire, sometimes Ó Mhaoil Chonaire, Ó Maolconaire, Uí Mhaoil Chonaire, Ó Maelchonaire, etc., was the surname of a family of professional poets and historians in medieval Ireland. Traditionally, it would have been spelled without the 'h', but with a dot over the 'c', either of which indicates aspiration. In a period prior to the surrender of the Ó Conchubhair Donn and the other Connacht chieftains, it was anglicised O'Mulconry. Specific families, particularly the educators, were systematically targeted as part of the plot to destroy the Irish culture and language, as well as the Catholic religion. This can add great confusion to researchers of this important literary and religious family. It is now rendered most commonly Conry, sometimes Conroy, and possibly sometimes King. There are many distinct groups of Conroys, some of whom also, though less commonly, use Conry, which are Anglicisations of disparate Irish Gaelic names.

Aspirated consonant
In phonetics, aspiration is a strong burst of breath that accompanies either the release or, in the case of preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents. In English, aspirated consonants are allophones in complementary distribution with their unaspirated counterparts, but in some other languages, notably most North American languages, South Asian languages  and East Asian languages, the difference is contrastive.
Toga, Missouri
Toga is an unincorporated community located on Crowleys Ridge in northern Stoddard County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community lies two miles northeast of Advance on Missouri Route 25. The Stoddard-Bollinger-Cape Girardeau county line junction is approximately one mile northeast of the location.

Crowley's Ridge
Crowley's Ridge (also Crowleys Ridge) is a geological formation that rises 250 to 550 feet (170 m) above the alluvial plain of the Mississippi embayment in a 150-mile (240 km) line from southeastern Missouri to the Mississippi River near Helena, Arkansas. Named for settler Benjamin Crowley, it is the most prominent feature in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain between Cape Girardeau, Missouri, and the Gulf of Mexico.

The narrow rolling hill region rising above the flat plain is the sixth, and smallest, natural division of the state of Arkansas. The southern part is protected within Ozark–St. Francis National Forest.

Most of the major cities of the Arkansas Delta region lie along Crowley's Ridge. It was named after Benjamin Crowley, known as the first American settler to reach the area, sometime around 1820. The Civil War Battle of Chalk Bluff was fought on Crowley's Ridge on May 1–2, 1863.
FM-UWB
FM-UWB is a modulation scheme using double FM: low-modulation index digital FSK followed by high-modulation index analog FM to create a constant envelope UWB signal. FDMA techniques at the subcarrier level may be exploited to accommodate multiple users. The system is intended for low (10–50 kbit/s) and medium (50–250 kbit/s) bit rate, and short-range WPAN systems. The technology, developed at CSEM, is paving the way for true low-power LDR-UWB communication devices. FM-UWB is an optional mode in the IEEE 802.15.6 Body Area Network (BAN) standard.

Data-rate units
In telecommunications, data rate units are commonly multiples of bits per second (bit/s) and bytes per second (B/s). For example, the data rates of modern residential high-speed Internet connections are commonly expressed in megabits per second (Mbit/s).
They are used as units of measurement for expressing data transfer rate, the average number of bits (bit rate), characters or symbols (symbol rate), or data blocks per unit time passing through a communication link in a data-transmission system.
Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metre backstroke
The Men's 200 metre backstroke event at the 2010 Commonwealth Games took place on 6 October 2010, at the SPM Swimming Pool Complex.

Three heats were held, with most containing the maximum number of swimmers (eight). The heat in which a swimmer competed did not formally matter for advancement, as the swimmers with the top eight times from the entire field qualified for the finals.

SPM Swimming Pool Complex
The Dr. S. P. Mukherjee Swimming Stadium  or SPM Swimming Pool Complex is a swimming complex in New Delhi, India, that is hosting the aquatics events for the 2010 Commonwealth Games. The stadium is owned by the Sports Authority of India (SAI). 
It was renovated at a cost of Rs 377 crore (U$84.89 million) for the Commonwealth Games.
Centre Mills
Centre Mills is a historic grist mill located at Miles Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania.  It was built in 1802-1803, and is a two-story fieldstone building, with a basement and attic.  It measures 44 feet, 10 inches, by 58 feet, and has a gable roof.  Also on the property are a barn, stone house, and miller's house.  The stone house was built in 1813, and is a two-story stone dwelling, measuring 40 feet by 30 feet, with a two-story frame addition.  It features a porch supported by Corinthian order columns.  The miller's house is a frame dwelling on a stone foundation.  The stone house is operated as a bed and breakfast.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

Front of the mill

Rear of the mill

Fieldstone
Fieldstone is a naturally occurring type of stone, which lies at or near the surface of the Earth. Fieldstone is a nuisance for farmers seeking to expand their land under cultivation, but at some point it began to be used as a construction material. Strictly speaking, it is stone collected from the surface of fields where it occurs naturally. Collections of fieldstones which have been removed from arable land or pasture to allow for more effective agriculture are called clearance cairns.

In practice, fieldstone is any architectural stone used in its natural shape and can be applied to stones recovered from the topsoil or subsoil. Although fieldstone is generally used to describe such material when used for exterior walls, it has come to include its use in other ways including garden features and interiors. It is sometimes cut or split for use in architecture.
Ed Gross
Edwin T. Gross (September 19, 1916 – January 14, 1985) was an American gymnast and Olympic medalist. He was a member of the United States men's national artistic gymnastics team and competed at the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles where he received a silver medal in tumbling.

As a gymnast, Gross was a member of the Los Angeles Athletic Club.

Gross died in Seattle, Washington.

Los Angeles Athletic Club
Los Angeles Athletic Club (LAAC) is a privately owned athletic club and social club in Los Angeles, California, United States. Established in 1880, the club today is best known for its John R. Wooden Award presented to the outstanding men's and women's college basketball player of each year.
BES III
The Beijing Spectrometer III (BES III) is a particle physics experiment at the Beijing Electron–Positron Collider II (BEPC II) at the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP). It is designed to study the physics of charm, charmonium, and light hadron decays.  It also performs studies of the tau lepton, tests of QCD, and searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. The experiment started collecting data in the summer of 2008.

Quarkonium
In particle physics, quarkonium (from quark and -onium, pl. quarkonia) is a flavorless meson whose constituents are a heavy quark and its own antiquark, making it both a neutral particle and its own antiparticle. The name "quarkonium" is analogous to positronium, the bound state of electron and anti-electron. The particles are short-lived due to matter–antimatter annihilation.
The Recombination Hypothesis
"The Recombination Hypothesis" is the 13th episode of the fifth season, as well as the 100th episode overall, of the American television sitcom The Big Bang Theory. It premiered on CBS in the United States on January 19, 2012. In this episode, Leonard impulsively asks Penny out for dinner on a date.

The story and concept of the episode was written by series co-creator Chuck Lorre. The teleplay was written by co-creator Bill Prady and writer Steven Molaro. It was directed by Mark Cendrowski. The episode received generally positive reviews from television critics, who praised Leonard and Penny's attempt to rework their relationship. Upon airing, "The Recombination Hypothesis" garnered 15.71 million viewers in the United States and 5.3 rating in the 18–49 demographic, according to Nielsen ratings.

Leonard Hofstadter
Leonard Leakey Hofstadter, Ph.D. is a fictional character portrayed by Johnny Galecki and one of the protagonists in the 2007–2019 CBS sitcom, The Big Bang Theory. Leonard is an experimental physicist who shares an apartment with his colleague and best friend, Sheldon Cooper. For his portrayal, Galecki was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award in 2011.

Penny is Leonard's next-door neighbor (across the hall) and main love interest, and the teasing of romance between the two of them is a major force driving the series. In season 7, "The Gorilla Dissolution", they get engaged and married in Las Vegas.
Giebichenstein boulder
The Giebichenstein near Stöckse, Germany, in the district of Nienburg, Lower Saxony, is one of the largest erratic boulders of northern Germany. It weighs around 207 tonnes (460 thousand pounds). A picture of the Giebichenstein is part of the emblem of the Stöckse municipality.

There is the supposition that during Wolstonian Stage the stone was deposited by glaciers as a part of a moraine. Near the Giebichenstein there are the remains of a dolmen, and at the stone itself there were found the remains of a Stone Age hunter's camp.

Nienburg (district)
Nienburg (German: [ˈniːn.ˌbʊʁk] ⓘ) is a district (Landkreis) in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the districts of Diepholz, Verden, Heidekreis, Hanover and Schaumburg, and by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (district of Minden-Lübbecke).
Kathy Schick
Kathy Diane Schick (born 6 June 1949) is an American archaeologist and paleoanthropologist. She is professor emeritus in the Cognitive Science Program at Indiana University and is a founder and co-director of the Stone Age Institute. Schick is most well known for her experimental work in taphonomy as well as her experimental work, with Nicholas Toth, on the stone tool technology of Early Stone Age hominins, including their work with the bonobo (“pygmy chimpanzee”) Kanzi who they taught to make and use simple stone tools similar to those made by our Early Stone Age ancestors.

Taphonomy
Taphonomy is the study of how organisms decay and become fossilized or preserved in the paleontological record. The term taphonomy (from Greek táphos, τάφος 'burial' and nomos, νόμος 'law') was introduced to paleontology in 1940 by Soviet scientist Ivan Efremov to describe the study of the transition of remains, parts, or products of organisms from the biosphere to the lithosphere.

The term taphomorph is used to describe fossil structures that represent poorly-preserved, deteriorated remains of a mixture of taxonomic groups, rather than of a single one.
The Jewish Quarterly
The Jewish Quarterly is an international Jewish publication that was based in the UK publication until 2021; the journal is now published by Australian publisher Morry Schwartz, With four issues released a year, The Jewish Quarterly focuses on issues of Jewish concern, but also has interests in wider culture and politics.

Jewish culture
Jewish culture is the culture of the Jewish people, from its formation in ancient times until the current age. Judaism itself is not simply a faith-based religion, but an orthopraxy and ethnoreligion, pertaining to deed, practice, and identity. Jewish culture covers many aspects, including religion and worldviews, literature, media, and cinema, art and architecture, cuisine and traditional dress, attitudes to gender, marriage, family, social customs and lifestyles, music and dance. Some elements of Jewish culture come from within Judaism, others from the interaction of Jews with host populations, and others still from the inner social and cultural dynamics of the community. Before the 18th century, religion dominated virtually all aspects of Jewish life, and infused culture. Since the advent of secularization, wholly secular Jewish culture emerged likewise.
Nilanjana Dasgupta
Nilanjana Dasgupta is a social psychologist whose work focuses on the effects of social contexts on implicit stereotypes - particularly on factors that insulate women in STEM fields from harmful stereotypes which suggest that females perform poorly in such areas. Dasgupta is a professor of Psychology and is the Director of the Institute of Diversity Sciences and  the University of Massachusetts, Amherst.

Society for Personality and Social Psychology
The Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP) is an academic society for personality and social psychologists focused on promoting scientific research that explores how people think, behave and interact. It is the largest organization of social psychologists and personality psychologists in the world. SPSP was founded in 1974 and it manages the activities of Division 8 of the American Psychological Association.

SPSP has launched a dynamic new Community Platform for its over 6,500 members. This platform is designed to be a central, modern hub for collaboration, networking and professional growth.
Clarkeite
Clarkeite is a uranium oxide mineral with the chemical formula(Na,Ca,Pb)2(UO2)2(O,OH)3 or (Na,Ca,Pb)(UO2)O(OH)·0-1H2O.

Its color varies from dark brown to reddish orange. Clarkeite forms by oxidation and replacement of uraninite late during pegmatite crystallization. Although uraninite-bearing granite pegmatites are common, clarkeite is rare and occurs intimately intergrown with other uranium minerals.

It is known from only two localities; the Spruce Pine pegmatite district in western North Carolina, US, and Rajputana, in the Ajmer district, India. Clarkeite is the only known naturally occurring high-temperature uranate. The general formula for ideal clarkeite is Na[(UO2)O(OH)](H2O)0–1.

It was named for Frank Wigglesworth Clarke (1847–1931), American mineral chemist, and former chief chemist of the United States Geological Survey.

Spruce Pine, North Carolina
Spruce Pine is the largest town in Mitchell County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 2,194 at the 2020 census.

The Spruce Pine Mining District is one of the only places in the world where high-purity quartz can be found.
Connective (botany)
In botany, the connective is the portion of sterile (i.e. nonreproductive) tissue of the anther between and interconnecting the two thecae, which forms a body with them and holds them together. It is usually underdeveloped and it is subject to great diversity of form, causing the thecae to protrude prominently. In some primitive angiosperms, the entire stamen may be more or less foliaceous, and the connective may be highly developed, causing the thecae to be widely separated. It appears to be analogous to the midrib of a leaf, and is only absent when an anther is strictly one-celled; that is to say, when the whole of the interior of the end of the stamen is converted into pollen. In some cases, the tissue has appendages of various shapes that are of structural importance (e.g., in the Melastomataceae or Prostantheroideae).

Prostantheroideae
Prostantheroideae is a subfamily of plants in the family Lamiaceae, endemic to Australia.

Genera include:

Brachysola

Chloanthes

Cyanostegia

Dasymalla

Dicrastylis

Hemiandra

Hemigenia

Hemiphora

Lachnostachys

Microcorys

Muniria

Newcastelia

Physopsis

Pityrodia

Prostanthera

Quoya

Westringia
Tammara Billik
Tammara M. "Tammy" Billik (born June 21, 1962 in Palo Alto, California) is an American Hollywood casting director who has cast hundreds of roles in television. Her best-known casting decision is when she and veteran casting director Marc Hirschfeld cast Ed O'Neill as Al Bundy for Fox Broadcasting's cult hit, Married... with Children.

In 1997, she also cast "The Puppy Episode" of the ABC series Ellen which saw Laura Dern, Emma Thompson, Sean Penn and many others as part of Ellen DeGeneres' history-making, coming-out experience.

Casting Society
The Casting Society, formerly known as the Casting Society of America (CSA), is a professional association of about 1,200 casting directors and associate casting directors for film, television, theatre, and commercials in Canada, Europe, Australia, Asia and Africa, and the United States. The nonprofit organization was founded in Los Angeles, California, in 1982, and announced its name change from the Casting Society of America to the Casting Society on February 10, 2022. The society is not to be confused with an industry union. The International Brotherhood of Teamsters represent most (though not all) of the major casting directors and associate casting directors in Hollywood. Members use the post-nominal letters "CSA" when credited for their work.
The Death of the West
The Death of the West: How Dying Populations and Immigrant Invasions Imperil Our Country and Civilization is a 2001 book by the paleoconservative commentator Patrick J. Buchanan. In his book, Patrick J. Buchanan argues that Western culture will soon be imperiled.

Susan Sontag
Susan Lee Sontag (/ˈsɒntæɡ/; January 16, 1933 – December 28, 2004) was an American writer and critic. She mostly wrote essays, but also published novels; she published her first major work, the essay "Notes on 'Camp' ", in 1964. Her best-known works include the critical works Against Interpretation (1966), On Photography (1977), Illness as Metaphor (1978) and Regarding the Pain of Others (2003), the short story "The Way We Live Now" (1986) and the novels The Volcano Lover (1992) and In America (1999).

Sontag was active in writing and speaking about, or traveling to, areas of conflict, including during the Vietnam War and the Siege of Sarajevo. She wrote extensively about literature, cinema, photography and media, illness, war, human rights, and left-wing politics. Her essays and speeches drew backlash and controversy, and she has been called "one of the most influential critics of her generation".