hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cooper Canyon Formation
The Cooper Canyon Formation is a geological formation of Norian age in Texas. It is one of several formations encompassed by the Dockum Group.

The type area of the formation is situated in Garza County, Texas, southeast of Lubbock. The Cooper Canyon Formation consist of reddish siltstone and mudstone with lenses of sandstone and conglomerate. Thickness of the formation in the type area is 161.5 meters. It increases to the south, and in some places exceeds 200 m. The formation contains diverse fossils, including vertebrate remains.

Norian
The Norian is a division of the Triassic Period. It has the rank of an age (geochronology) or stage (chronostratigraphy). It lasted from ~227.3 to 205.7 million years ago. It was preceded by the Carnian and succeeded by the Rhaetian.
Bristol (Whitchurch) Airport
Bristol (Whitchurch) Airport, also known as Whitchurch Airport, was a municipal airport in Bristol, England, three miles (5 km) south of the city centre, from 1930 to 1957. It was the main airport for Bristol and the surrounding area. During World War II, it was one of the few civil airports in Europe that remained operational, enabling air connections to Lisbon and Shannon and onwards to the United States.

The airport closed in 1957, with services transferred to the former RAF Lulsgate Bottom. The former airfield is now occupied by a sports centre, trading estates and retail parks. The South Bristol Community Hospital opened on the site in 2012.

Leisure centre
A leisure centre, sports centre, or recreation centre is a purpose-built building or site, usually owned and provided by the local government authority, where people can engage in a variety of sports and exercise, and keep fit.
Waggoner Ranch
The Waggoner Ranch is a historic ranch located 13 miles south of Vernon, Texas, in north Texas near the Red River and Oklahoma border. Founded in 1852 by Daniel Waggoner, it is the largest ranch within one fence in the United States. The land has been used to raise crops, beef cattle, and horses and to produce oil.

In February 2016, it was acquired by Stan Kroenke, husband of Ann Walton (niece of Sam Walton).

Extraction of petroleum
Petroleum is a fossil fuel that can be drawn from beneath the Earth's surface. Reservoirs of petroleum are formed through the mixture of plants, algae, and sediments in shallow seas under high pressure. Petroleum is mostly recovered from oil drilling. Seismic surveys and other methods are used to locate oil reservoirs. Oil rigs and oil platforms are used to drill long holes into the earth to create an oil well and extract petroleum. After extraction, oil is refined to make gasoline and other products such as tires and refrigerators. Extraction of petroleum can be dangerous and has led to oil spills.
R v Glad Day Bookshops Inc
R v Glad Day Bookshops Inc, (2004) is a leading Ontario Superior Court of Justice decision on pornography and homosexuality. The court found that a statutory scheme requiring the approval of the Ontario Film Review Board before films can be distributed or shown in Ontario violated the guarantee of freedom of expression in section 2 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

Superior Court of Justice (Ontario)
The Superior Court of Justice (French: Cour supérieure de justice) is a superior court in Ontario. The Court sits in 52 locations across the province, including 17 Family Court locations, and consists of over 300 federally appointed judges.

In 1999, the Superior Court of Justice was renamed from the Ontario Court (General Division). The Superior Court is one of two divisions of the Court of Ontario. The other division is the lower court, the Ontario Court of Justice. The Superior Court has three specialized branches: Divisional Court, Small Claims Court, and Family Court.

The Superior Court has inherent jurisdiction over civil, criminal, and family law matters at common law. Although the Court has inherent jurisdiction, the authority of the Court has been entrenched in the Canadian Constitution.
Milagros Cabral
Milagros Cabral De La Cruz (born October 17, 1978, in Santo Domingo) is a retired female volleyball player from the Dominican Republic who won the 1998 silver and three consecutive gold medals in 2002, 2006 and 2010 at the Central American and Caribbean Games.

She competed for her native country at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece and at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Great Britain and played in four consecutives World Championships from 1998 to 2010.

As a professional player, she won the "Most Valuable Player" for the Spanish club Ícaro Alaró, when her club won the 2007 Liga Fev Championship. In addition, in 2008 with the Puerto Rican club Pinkin de Corozal, she was awarded Most Valuable Player and crowned with the championship.

Volleyball at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Volleyball at the 2004 Summer Olympics consisted of indoor volleyball held at the Peace and Friendship Stadium and beach volleyball held at the Faliro Olympic Beach Volleyball Centre, in the southern portion of the Roth Pavilion; both were located at the Faliro Coastal Zone Olympic Complex.
Højdevang Church
Højdevang Church (Højdevangskirken) is a church in the Amager area of Copenhagen, Denmark.

The church was consecrated on 14 April 1935. It was built on the basis of designs by architect Poul Staffeldt Mathiesen (1891–1979) .
Unlike most churches, Højdevang Church faces south rather than east. This was due to the fact that the church plan was designed in perpendicular to the size of the land, which was longer from north to south rather than from west to east.

Amager
Amager (Danish pronunciation: [ˈɑˌmɑˀ] or, especially among older speakers, [ˈɑˌmɛˀɐ]), located in the Øresund, is Denmark's most densely populated island, with 225,746 inhabitants (January 2025). Amager is the largest island in the Øresund, and the only one with a large population.

Amager is home to parts of Copenhagen including Freetown Christiania, as well as Copenhagen Airport. The island is connected to the much larger island of Zealand (Sjælland) by eight bridges and a metro tunnel, and to Sweden via the Øresund Bridge.
Darin Downs
Darin Burton Downs (born December 26, 1984) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Detroit Tigers and Houston Astros, and in the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) for the Uni-President 7-Eleven Lions and Lamigo Monkeys.

His professional career began when he was drafted by the Chicago Cubs in 2003. He also played in the Tampa Bay Rays' minor league system and during that time, survived a very serious concussion. After spending the 2011 season in the minors for the Florida Marlins organization, Downs joined the Tigers. He was called up to the majors for the first time on July 3, 2012. Downs was claimed off waivers by the Houston Astros after the 2013 season.

Long Island Ducks
The Long Island Ducks are an American professional minor league baseball team based on Long Island in Central Islip, New York. The Ducks compete in the North Division of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball (ALPB), an independent "partner league" of Major League Baseball. The Ducks played their first season in 2000, two years after the ALPB inaugural season. Since their inception, the Ducks' home ballpark has been Fairfield Properties Ballpark, formerly known as Bethpage Ballpark (2010-2020), Suffolk County Sports Park (1999 and 2010), EAB Park (2000–2001), and Citibank Park (2002–2009). The "Ducks" name refers to Long Island's duck-farming heritage (itself represented by the Big Duck ferrocement) and recalls the former Long Island Ducks professional ice hockey team. The team's first manager was Bud Harrelson, a part-owner of the team and a former major league player.
12th century
The 12th century is the period from 1101 to 1200 in accordance with the Julian calendar.  
In the history of European culture, this period is considered part of the High Middle Ages and overlaps with what is often called the "'Golden Age' of the Cistercians". The Golden Age of Islam experienced significant development, particularly in Islamic Spain.

In Song dynasty China, an invasion by Jurchens caused a political schism of north and south. The Khmer Empire of Cambodia flourished during this century, while the Fatimids of Egypt were overtaken by the Ayyubid dynasty. Following the expansions of the Ghaznavids and Ghurid Empire, the Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent took place at the end of the century.

David IV
David IV, also known as David IV the Builder (Georgian: დავით IV აღმაშენებელი, romanized: davit IV aghmashenebeli; c. 1073 –  24 January 1125), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was the 5th king (mepe) of the Kingdom of Georgia from 1089 until his death in 1125.

Popularly considered to be the greatest and most successful Georgian ruler in history and an original architect of the Georgian Golden Age, he succeeded in driving the Seljuk Turks out of the country, winning the Battle of Didgori in 1121. His reforms of the army and administration enabled him to reunite the country and bring most of the lands of the Caucasus under Georgia's control. A friend of the Church and a notable promoter of Christian culture, he was canonized by the Georgian Orthodox Church.
Burnholme Community College
Burnholme Community College was a high school on the east side of York, North Yorkshire. It served the suburbs of Heworth, Tang Hall and parts of Osbaldwick. Due to declining enrolment, the college closed in 2014. Most of its pupils were transferred to Archbishop Holgate's School, which is less than 3 mi (4.8 km) away from the former school site. Some pupils also transferred to Huntington School and Joseph Rowntree School with school buses being provided to serve the area of Tang Hall.

Part of the school site is planned to be used for a new care home.

Osbaldwick
Osbaldwick (/ˈɒzbəldwɪk/ OZ-bəld-wick) is a village and civil parish in the unitary authority of the City of York in North Yorkshire, England. The population of the civil parish as taken at the 2011 census was 2,902. It has been in existence since at least the 11th century, and was declared a conservation area in 1978. It is the burial place of the nun Mary Ward.
Antonija Sandrić
Antonija Sandrić (born Mišura; 19 May 1988) is a Croatian professional basketball player for CCC Polkowice of the Basket Liga Kobiet and the Croatia national team.

Sandrić has represented the national team in the 2009 Mediterranean Games, EuroBasket Women 2011, 2012 Olympics and EuroBasket Women 2013. She plays as a point guard and shooting guard, and is noted for her quick, aggressive style of play.

Basket Liga Kobiet
Basket Liga Kobiet (BLK), officially known as the Orlen Basket Liga Kobiet (OBLK) due to its sponsorship by Orlen, is a professional women's club basketball league in Poland. It constitutes the first and highest-tier level of the Polish league pyramid. The winning team of the final round are crowned the Polish Champions of that season.

The BLK, which is played under FIBA rules, currently consists of 10 teams (professional basketball's clubs). A BLK season is split into a league stage and a playoffs stage. At the end of the league stage, the top eight teams qualify for the playoff stage, while the remaining two face each other in a relegation play-out.
David McGreevy
David Martin James McGreevy nicknamed "Bonzo" (born 24 October 1985) is a former Gaelic footballer who played for Kingdom Kerry Gaels and London GAA as a corner back. He is originally from Teconnaught, County Down, and moved to England in 2009, before returning to Northern Ireland in 2018.

McGreevy was part of the team that reached the 2013 Connacht Senior Football Championship Final on 21 July, losing out to Mayo 5-11 0-10. They went on to lose in Round 4 of All-Ireland Senior Championship 1-17 1–10 against Cavan on 27 July at Croke Park.

In 2020, he helped start and is currently secretary to the East Belfast GAA, which is noted for being one of the few cross-community Gaelic Associations.

Cavan GAA
The Cavan County Board (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Chontae an Chabháin) or Cavan GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) in Ireland, and is responsible for the administration of Gaelic games in County Cavan.

The County Board is responsible for preparing the Cavan county teams in the various Gaelic sporting codes; football, hurling, camogie and handball.

The county football team won 5 All-Ireland Senior Football Championships before going into decline after 1970. The team won its 39th and 40th Ulster Senior Football Championships after gaps of 28 and 23 years, in 1997 and 2020 respectively.
İye
İye (sometimes İne or Eğe; Chuvash: Ийӗ, İyĕ; Tatar: Ия, İyä; Yakut: Иччи, İççi; Turkmen: Eýe, Эе; Tuvan: Ээ, Ee; Uzbek: Ega, Эга; Ottoman Turkish: اي or ٳي; Russian: Ийе, Ije) is a spirit in Turkic mythology who is a tutelary deity of a place, person, lineage, nation, natural assets or an animal. Although such spirits are called  "masters" or "possessors", they are not necessarily subject to worship. They may be revered as sacred essence of things without being deified or even personified.: 24

Chuvash language
Chuvash (UK: /ˈtʃuːvɑːʃ/ CHOO-vahsh, US: /tʃʊˈvɑːʃ/ chuu-VAHSH; Чӑваш чӗлхи, Чӑвашла, translit. Çăvaşla, IPA: [tɕəʋaʃˈla]) is a Turkic language spoken in Volga-Ural region of Russia, primarily in the Chuvash Republic and adjacent areas. It is the only surviving member of the Oghur branch of Turkic languages, one of the two principal branches of the Turkic family.

The writing system for the Chuvash language is based on the Cyrillic script, employing all of the letters used in the Russian alphabet and adding four letters of its own: Ӑ, Ӗ, Ҫ and Ӳ.
LGBTQ rights in Gibraltar
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) rights within the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar have evolved significantly in the past decades. Same-sex sexual activity has been legal since 1993 and the age of consent was equalised to 16 in 2012. The Supreme Court of Gibraltar ruled in April 2013 that same-sex couples have the right to adopt. Civil partnerships have been available to both same-sex and opposite-sex couples since March 2014, and in October 2016, Gibraltar voted to legalise same-sex marriage with the Civil Marriage Amendment Act 2016 passing unanimously in Parliament. The law received royal assent on 1 November and took effect on 15 December 2016.

Fabian Picardo
Fabian Raymond Picardo (born 18 February 1972) is a Gibraltarian politician and barrister, serving as Chief Minister of Gibraltar and Leader of the Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party since 2011. At the 2015 and 2019 Gibraltar general elections, Picardo was re-elected to two further four-year terms. He was narrowly re-elected for a fourth term in the 2023 Gibraltar general election.

Picardo attended the University of Oxford, where he studied jurisprudence.
Hanley Castle (castle)
Hanley Castle was a Norman castle that stood to the south of the present-day site of the village of Hanley Castle, which lies 2 km north of Upton-upon-Severn, in the county of Worcestershire, England, United Kingdom. (grid reference SO837415).

Upton upon Severn
Upton upon Severn (or locally simply Upton) is a small riverside town and civil parish in the Malvern Hills District of Worcestershire, England. Lying on the A4104 (formerly A440), the town recorded a population of 2,903 in the 2021 census.

Upton is situated on the west bank of the River Severn and is located 5 miles (8 km) southeast of Malvern. The town has a distinctive tower and copper-clad cupola — known locally as the "Pepperpot" — the only surviving remnant of the former church. The church's replacement, also dedicated to St Peter and St Paul, was designed by Sir Arthur Blomfield.
Madeleine Gans
Madeleine Gans (1920-2018) was a French geneticist known for her work on the genetics of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. She was nominated professor in 1961 at the Faculty of Sciences of Paris and from 1968 at the Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie. In 1987, she was nominated corresponding member of the French Académie des Sciences.

Pierre and Marie Curie University
Pierre and Marie Curie University (French: Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie [ynivɛʁsite pjɛʁ e maʁi kyʁi], UPMC), also known as Paris VI, was a public research university in Paris, France, from 1971 to 2017. The university was located on the Jussieu Campus in the Latin Quarter of the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. UPMC merged with Paris-Sorbonne University into the new Sorbonne University in 2017.
Sinoconodon
Sinoconodon is an extinct genus of mammaliamorphs that appears in the fossil record of the Lufeng Formation of China in the Sinemurian stage of the Early Jurassic period, about 193 million years ago. While sharing many plesiomorphic traits with other non-mammaliaform cynodonts, it possessed a special, secondarily evolved jaw joint between the dentary and the squamosal bones, which in more derived taxa would replace the primitive tetrapod one between the articular and quadrate bones. The presence of a dentary-squamosal joint is a trait historically used to define mammals.

Squamosal bone
The squamosal is a skull bone found in most reptiles, amphibians, and birds. In fishes, it is also called the pterotic bone.

In most tetrapods, the squamosal and quadratojugal bones form the cheek series of the skull. The bone forms an ancestral component of the dermal roof and is typically thin compared to other skull bones.

The squamosal bone lies ventral to the temporal series and otic notch, and is bordered anteriorly by the postorbital. Posteriorly, the squamosal articulates with the quadrate and pterygoid bones. The squamosal is bordered anteroventrally by the jugal and ventrally by the quadratojugal.
Roche Court Sculpture Park and Gallery
Roche Court Sculpture Park and Gallery, also known as New Art Centre, Roche Court Sculpture Park, is a contemporary art gallery and sculpture park on the grounds of Roche Court, an early 19th-century country house in East Winterslow, Wiltshire, England. It was founded in 1958 by Madeleine Besborough (née Grand) as New Art Centre, a contemporary art gallery at 41, Sloane Street, London. In 1978, the gallery relocated to Wiltshire and a sculpture park was added. The gallery and sculpture park are open seven days a week. There is no admission fee.

Contemporary art gallery
A contemporary art gallery is normally a commercial art gallery operated by an art dealer which specializes in displaying for sale contemporary art, usually new works of art by living artists. This approach has been called the "Castelli Method" after Leo Castelli, whose success was attributed to his active involvement in discovering and promoting emerging artists beginning in the late 1950s with Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenberg.
Xu Zhangrun
Xu Zhangrun (Chinese: 许章润; pinyin: Xǔ Zhāngrùn; born October 1962) is a Chinese jurist. He was a professor of Jurisprudence and Constitutional Law at Tsinghua University in Beijing, and a research fellow with the Unirule Institute of Economics. His dissident writing having previously caused retributions by the authorities, in July 2020 he was detained for a week and subsequently barred from leaving Beijing. Observers believed this to be the result of an essay in which Xu sharply criticized the management of the COVID-19 pandemic in China under Paramount leader Xi Jinping.

Unirule Institute of Economics
The Unirule Institute of Economics (Chinese: 天则经济研究所; pinyin: Tiānzé Jīngjǐ Yánjiūsuǒ) was a Beijing-based Chinese think tank established in 1993. Unirule conducted research and education in social sciences, primarily in economics, governance, policy, and culture. In August 2019 the institute announced that it would be closing down due to governmental pressure.

Unirule fellows were non-residential research economists, jurists, sociologists, and humanists coming from various research institutes, such as Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and Development Research Center of State Council, and Zhejiang University.
The Show (South Korean TV program)
The Show (Korean: 더 쇼; previously The Show: All New K-Pop (season 2), The Show: All About K-Pop (season 3)) was a South Korean music television program broadcast by SBS FunE. It aired live every Tuesday and is broadcast from the SBS Prism Tower in Sangam-dong, Seoul, South Korea.

Since January 2019, The Show is broadcast live to over 20 countries through Paramount Network, MTV France and on TBS in Japan. On October 24, 2025, SBS funE announced that The Show would officially be ending its 14-year run on November 11.

Paramount Network (international)
Paramount Network is an international television channel brand owned and operated by the Paramount International Networks division of Paramount Skydance Corporation that showcase its selected television productions and the film catalogue of its filming division, Paramount Pictures. First launched in Spain on 30 March 2012, as Paramount Channel, the brand has since been or was operated in territories across Europe, East Africa, Latin America and Asia.
KkStB 97
The kkStB 97 were a class of 228 0-6-0T locomotive operated by the Imperial Royal Austrian State Railways (kaiserlich-königliche österreichische Staatsbahnen), or k.k.StB, for duties on secondary routes (Nebenbahnen) and branch lines (Lokalbahnen).

Imperial Royal Austrian State Railways
The Imperial-Royal State Railways (German: k.k. Staatsbahnen) abbr. kkStB) or Imperial-Royal Austrian State Railways (k.k. österreichische Staatsbahnen,) was the state railway organisation in the Cisleithanian (Austrian) part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy.
Man of Sorrows (Heemskerck)
The Man of Sorrows is a 1532 painting by the Dutch Golden Age painter Maarten van Heemskerck in the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, Ghent. It is one of many images in Christian art of the Man of Sorrows, a representation of Christ naked above the waist with the wounds of his Passion prominently displayed.

The subject depicts Christ after the crucifixion attended by angels, with bleeding wounds displayed, wearing the crown of thorns and a loincloth.  The loincloth is claimed to be wrapped around an erection, visible to some art historians but not others.  Van Heemskerck is not the only Renaissance artist allegedly to depict Christ with an erection (ostentatio genitalium), which some scholars interpret as a symbol of his resurrection and continuing power.

Other versions of Christ crowned with thorns by Heemskerck are:

Triptych Ecce Homo

Christ Crowned with Thorns

Christ as Man of Sorrows

Christ in Agony

Loincloth
A loincloth is a one-piece garment, either wrapped around itself or kept in place by a belt. It covers the genitals and sometimes the buttocks. Loincloths which are held up by belts or strings are specifically known as breechcloth or breechclout. Often, the flaps hang down in front and back.
NGC 3619
NGC 3619 is an unbarred lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Ursa Major. It was discovered by the astronomer William Herschel on March 18, 1790.

NGC 3619 is part of a rich galaxy cluster. It also has a relatively large amount of gas.

Galaxy cluster
A galaxy cluster, or a cluster of galaxies, is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of galaxies that are bound together by gravity, with typical masses ranging from 1014 to 1015 solar masses. Clusters consist of galaxies, heated gas, and dark matter. They are the biggest known gravitationally bound structures in the universe. They were believed to be the largest known structures in the universe until the 1980s, when superclusters were discovered. Small aggregates of galaxies are referred to as galaxy groups rather than clusters of galaxies. Together, galaxy groups and clusters form superclusters.