hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
International Disability Alliance
The International Disability Alliance (IDA), created in 1999, is an umbrella organization focused on improving awareness and rights for individuals with disabilities around the globe. The IDA works with Non Governmental Organizations (NGO's), supranational organizations such as the United Nations (UN), as well as state governments in order to create legislation, fund disability programs in developing and industrialized countries, and advocate for people with disabilities around the world. The IDA works very closely with the United Nations, and in particular they use the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) as their code of conduct.

On June 7, 2013, the IDA became legally incorporated and given legal status as an entity. What this means is that it has greater strength in its ability to negotiate better terms for people with disabilities.

Incorporation (business)
Incorporation is the formation of a new corporate body. The body may be a business corporation, a nonprofit organization, sports club or similar. The term also applied in local government to the formation of a new city or town.
Terri Bromm
Terri Bromm is a Canadian politician who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan in the 2024 general election, representing Carrot River Valley as a member of the Saskatchewan Party.

Prior to her election, Bromm served on the Tisdale town council. She graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy from the University of Saskatchewan and served as a pharmacist for twenty-five years in the communities of Nipawin, Arborfield, and Tisdale as well as on the Saskatchewan College of Pharmacists.

She has two grown children with her husband, Ian.

Nipawin
Nipawin (/ˈnɪpəwɪn/) is a town in Saskatchewan, Canada, on the Saskatchewan River portion of Tobin Lake. The town lies between Codette Lake, created by the Francois-Finlay Dam (built in 1986) and Tobin Lake, created by the E.B. Campbell Dam built in 1963, renamed from Squaw Rapids. The construction of Francois-Finlay Dam earned Nipawin the nickname the "Town of Two Lakes".

Nipawin is bordered by the Rural Municipality of Nipawin No. 487 and the Rural Municipality of Torch River No. 488 (the latter across the Saskatchewan River).

Highway 35 and Highway 55 intersect in Nipawin. The Nipawin Airport and the Nipawin Water Aerodrome also serve the community.

Nipawin is a Cree word meaning "stand up" which referred to a low-lying area along the river now flooded by Codette Lake where First Nations women and children would camp and wait for the men to arrive.
Snezhana Kurgambaeva
Snezhana Kurgambaeva (born 1990) is a team handball player from Kazakhstan. She plays on the Kazakhstan women's national handball team, and participated at the 2011 World Women's Handball Championship in Brazil.

Kazakhstan women's national handball team
The Kazakhstan women's national handball team is the national handball team of Kazakhstan and takes part in international handball competitions.

The team's first world championship was at the 2007 World Women's Handball Championship in France, where they finished 18th. They also participated in the 2009 World Women's Handball Championship in China, finishing 22nd. At the 2011 World Women's Handball Championship in Brazil they finished 19th.

They won the title at the 2002 and 2010 Asian Women's Handball Championship.
Giuseppe Marchese
Giuseppe Marchese (born 12 December 1963) is a former member of the Sicilian Mafia, who turned state witness (pentito). Giuseppe Pino Marchese was born in Palermo in a family with long-standing ties to the Mafia. His father Vincenzo and his uncle Filippo Marchese were both members of Cosa Nostra.

Corleonesi Mafia clan
The Corleonesi Mafia clan was a faction within the Corleone family of the Sicilian Mafia, formed in the 1970s. Notable leaders included Luciano Leggio, Salvatore Riina, Bernardo Provenzano, and Leoluca Bagarella.

Corleonesi affiliates were not restricted to mafiosi of Corleone. During the Second Mafia War in the early 1980s, the Corleonesi clan opposed the faction of the Palermitans represented, among others, by Gaetano Badalamenti, Stefano Bontate and Salvatore Inzerillo. The victory of the Corleonesi, and in particular the rise of Totò Riina, marked a new era in the history of the Sicilian Mafia. Between 1992 and 1993, the Corleonesi initiated a season of attacks against the state, followed by the State-Mafia Pact.
Victoria Avenue (Riverside, California)
Victoria Avenue is a divided scenic street in Riverside, California, that cuts through an area referred to as the greenbelt. Originally developed in 1892 to connect the Arlington Heights area to downtown Riverside, the road became a popular tourist attraction because to landscape the route. Beyond the landscaping, the road was surrounded by navel orange groves, the crop that spurred Riverside's growth. Many of the groves still exist today.

Navel orange
The navel orange is a variety of orange with a characteristic second fruit at the apex, which protrudes slightly like a human navel. This variety first was caused by a mutation in an orange tree, and first appeared in the early 19th century at a monastery in Bahia, Brazil. The mutation caused the orange to develop a second fruit at its base, opposite the stem, embedded within the peel of the primary orange. This mutation also caused it to be seedless, meaning the only way the plant can be propagated is by cutting and grafting.

Navel oranges are mainly an eating fruit because they are seedless and their thicker skin makes them easy to peel. They are also less suitable for juice than other orange varieties as they are less juicy, and because their flesh contains limonin, which becomes bitter when exposed to air.
Dendrobium coriaceum
Dendrobium coriaceum, commonly known as the inland rock orchid, is a species of lithophytic orchid that is endemic to North Queensland. It has tapered pseudobulbs, up to three thick, leathery leaves and up to forty yellow or cream-coloured flowers with purple markings on the labellum.

North Queensland
North Queensland or the Northern Region is the northern part of the Australian state of Queensland that lies just south of Far North Queensland. Queensland is a massive state, larger than many countries, and its tropical northern part has been historically remote and undeveloped, resulting in a distinctive regional character and identity.  The region is prone to floods and cyclones.

The region has a population of 231,628 and covers 80,041.5 km2 (30,904.2 sq mi).
Fifth gospel (genre)
Fifth gospel is a literary genre focusing on fictional transfigurations of Jesus. The term has been coined by Theodore Ziolkowski.

According to Ziolkowski, in "fictional transfigurations of Jesus" "the characters and the action, irrespective of meaning or theme, are prefigured to a noticeable extent by figures and events popularly associated with the life of Jesus as it is known from the Gospels."

Books in this genre include Lars Görling's 491, Gunter Grass's Cat and Mouse, John Barth's Giles Goat-Boy and Gore Vidal's Messiah and Live from Golgotha.

Giles Goat-Boy
Giles Goat-Boy (1966) is the fourth novel by American writer John Barth.  It is a metafictional comic novel in which the universe is portrayed as a university campus in an elaborate allegory of both the hero's journey and the Cold War. Its title character is a human boy raised as a goat, who comes to believe he is the Grand Tutor, the predicted Messiah. The book was a surprise bestseller for the previously obscure Barth, and in the 1960s had a cult status. It marks Barth's leap into American postmodern fabulism.
1932 Wimbledon Championships – Mixed doubles
George Lott and Anna Harper were the defending champions, but Lott did not compete. Harper partnered with Ian Collins, but lost in the fourth round to Jacques Brugnon and Simonne Mathieu.

Enrique Maier and Elizabeth Ryan defeated Harry Hopman and Josane Sigart in the final, 7–5, 6–2 to win the mixed doubles tennis title at the 1932 Wimbledon Championships.

Josane Sigart
Josane Sigart (French pronunciation: [ʒɔzan siɡaʁ]; 7 January 1909 – 20 August 1999) was a Belgian tennis player who was active in the 1930s.
In 1928, she won the singles title at the Belgian Championships and would repeat this success in 1929, 1931, 1932, 1936 and 1946.
In 1932, she won the Wimbledon Championships in woman's doubles with the Doris Metaxa and reached the mixed-doubles final with Harry Hopman. This made her the first Belgian winner of any Grand Slam title and she remained the sole Belgian to do so for over 70 years until Justine Henin won the women’s singles at the 2003 French Open.

In 1932, she was ranked world No. 10 by A. Wallis Myers.
MTBO
MTBO can stand for:

Mean time between outages, the mean time between equipment failures that result in loss of system continuity or unacceptable degradation

Mountain bike orienteering, a variant in which orienteering is done on a mountain bike

Mean time between outages
In a system the mean time between outages (MTBO) is the mean time between equipment failures that result in loss of system continuity or unacceptable degradation.

The MTBO is calculated by the equation,

where MTBF is the nonredundant mean time between failures and FFAS is the fraction of failures for which the failed equipment is automatically bypassed.
Vagif Bayatly Oner
Vagif Bayatly Oner (Azerbaijani: Vagif Bayatlı) is an Azerbaijani poet. He was born in October 1948 in Jabrayil, a district in Karabakh.

Vagif's major books of poetry include: Under a Lonely Star, All Love Stories Will Be Forgotten, and The Funniest Dead Man. His poetry has been translated into more than 30 languages, including a major book of poetry published in Moscow (translated into Russian).

His prizes include the Mayakovski Prize for Poetry and the Jalil Mammadguluzadeh Prize founded by Azerbaijan's Press Foundation. Vagif has translated numerous works into Azerbaijani, including some of the most famous Austrian, English, Scottish, Italian, Norwegian, Turkish, and Russian poets, such as Rainer Maria Rilke, Thomas Eliot, Robert Burns, Boris Pasternak, Anna Akhmatova, Nikolay Gumilyov and Osip Mandelstam.

Nikolai Gumilev
Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilev (also Gumilyov; Russian: Николай Степанович Гумилёв, IPA: [nʲɪkɐˈlaj sʲtʲɪˈpanəvʲɪtɕ ɡʊmʲɪˈlʲɵf] ⓘ; April 15 [O.S. 3 April] 1886 – August 26, 1921) was a Russian poet, literary critic, traveler, and military officer. He was a co-founder of the Acmeist movement. He was the husband of Anna Akhmatova and the father of Lev Gumilev. Nikolai Gumilev was arrested and executed by the Cheka, the secret Soviet police force, in 1921.
Petronel (horse)
Petronel (1877 – 3 July 1897) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. After showing promise when winning the Troy Stakes as a juvenile in 1879, he recorded a major upset when defeating his more fancied opponents to take the 2000 Guineas in the following spring. He had never been entered in the other British Classic Races, but won at Royal Ascot and in several other top-class races that year. In 1881 he was one of the best staying horses in England, winning seven races including the Epsom Stakes, Rous Memorial Stakes, Great Yorkshire Handicap and Doncaster Cup as well as Queen's Plates at Stockbridge, Newmarket and Liverpool. He developed breathing problems and was never as good again, although he won Queen's Plates at Stockbridge and Newcastle in 1882. After his retirement from racing he had some success as a breeding stallion.

Doncaster Cup
The Doncaster Cup is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Doncaster over a distance of 2 miles 1 furlong and 197 yards (3,600 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September.
Le Raincy
Le Raincy (French pronunciation: [lə ʁɛ̃si] ⓘ) is a prestigious commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 13.2 km (8.2 mi) from the center of Paris. Le Raincy is a subprefecture of the Seine-Saint-Denis department and the seat of the Arrondissement of Le Raincy.

Its population is small relative to surrounding communes, just under 15,000. However, its development as an administrative centre, along with the establishment over the years of several schools, gives it more prominence than its population size would suggest.

Its character has made it known as le Neuilly de la Seine-Saint-Denis.

Seine-Saint-Denis
Seine-Saint-Denis (French pronunciation: [sɛn sɛ̃ d(ə)ni] ⓘ) is a department of France located in the Grand Paris metropolis in the Île-de-France region. In French, it is often referred to colloquially as quatre-vingt treize or neuf trois ("ninety-three" or "nine three"), after its official administrative number, 93. Its prefecture is Bobigny.

In 2019, it had a population of 1,644,903 across 39 communes. In French, the learned but rarely used demonym for the inhabitants of Seine-Saint-Denis is Séquano-Dionysiens; more common is Dionysiens.
Lists of political office-holders in East Germany
These are lists of political office-holders in East Germany. The political leadership of East Germany was distributed between several offices. However, until the Volkskammer removed a section in the East German constitution guaranteeing their monopoly on political power on 1 December 1989, the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) held ultimate power and authority over state and government. Thus, the head of the SED's Politburo of the Central Committee was the de facto leader of the country.

Constitution of East Germany
The original Constitution of East Germany (the German Democratic Republic; German: Verfassung der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik) was promulgated on 7 October 1949. It was heavily based on the Weimar Constitution (Weimarer Reichsverfassung) and nominally established the GDR as a liberal democratic republic. In 1968, the East German government adopted a new, fully Communist constitution that was based on Marxism–Leninism, political unitarism, and collective leadership. There were further amendments to the 1968 constitution in 1974. With the political events of 1989, the 1968 constitution was purged of its Communist character. There were attempts to draft a completely new constitution for East Germany, but these efforts never materialized as momentum grew for unification with the western Federal Republic (West Germany. The following October, East Germany ceased to exist, and its territory merged into the Federal Republic.
Alfredo Lalanne
Alfredo Lalanne (born 3 March 1983 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine scrum-half who plays for London Scottish in the Aviva Championship.

Lalanne was born in Buenos Aires, where he attended the Los Molinos School. The San Isidro Club was his rugby 'home' through his teens and early twenties. He played at all age levels for Argentina and made lasting friendships with Tomás de Vedia, Gonzalo Tiesi and Juan Manuel Leguizamón, players who preceded him at London Irish.

Lalanne played for his country's age group teams before joining the Argentina Sevens team in the IRB World Sevens Series circuit in 2007. He was also his country's number one choice as scrum-half in the IRB Nations Cup in Bucharest in 2007, where the Argentina Jaguars made it to the final only to lose to the Emerging Springboks.

He made his debut for Argentina against South Africa on 9 August 2008 in Johannesburg.

He was called for the 2011 Rugby World Cup.

Champ Rugby
Champ Rugby (formerly the RFU Championship) is an English rugby union competition among fourteen clubs. It is the second level of men's English rugby and is played by both professional and semi-professional players. The competition has existed since 1987, when English clubs were first organised into leagues. Historically the competition provided automatic promotion to the top-flight PREM Rugby, but following a vote by the RFU Council on 27 February 2026, automatic promotion and relegation between the two tiers was abolished from the 2026–27 season. Champ Rugby remains a required pathway to the PREM under the new criteria-based expansion model, under which any club seeking admission to the PREM must first have played at least one season in the Champ.
Out of Phase Stereo
Out of Phase Stereo (OOPS) is an audio technique which manipulates the phase of a stereo audio track, to isolate or remove certain components of the stereo mix. It works on the principle of phase cancellation, in which two identical but inverted waveforms summed together will "cancel the other out".

Stereophonic sound
Stereophonic sound, commonly shortened to stereo, is a method of sound reproduction that recreates a multi-directional, 3-dimensional audible perspective. This is usually achieved by using two independent audio channels through a configuration of two loudspeakers (or stereo headphones) in such a way as to create the impression of sound heard from various directions, as in natural hearing.

Because the multi-dimensional perspective is the crucial aspect, the term stereophonic also applies to systems with more than two channels or speakers, such as quadraphonic and surround sound. Binaural sound systems are also stereophonic.

Stereo sound has been in common use since the 1970s in entertainment media such as broadcast radio, recorded music, television, video cameras, cinema, computer audio, and the Internet.
G1 Climax 34
The G1 Climax 34 was a professional wrestling tournament promoted by New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). The tournament commenced on July 20 and concluded on August 18, 2024. It was the thirty-fourth edition of G1 Climax and the fiftieth edition of the tournament counting its previous forms under different names.

Considered NJPW's most important tournament, the G1 Climax features 20 wrestlers, divided into two blocks of ten ("A" and "B"). Each participant faces all nine other wrestlers within the same block in singles matches. The 2024 tournament saw a return to 20 participants split into two 10-man blocks for the first time since 2021.

Hakata-ku, Fukuoka
Hakata-ku (博多区) is a ward of the city of Fukuoka in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan.

Many of Fukuoka Prefecture and Fukuoka City's principal government, commercial, retail and entertainment establishments are located in the district. Hakata-ku is also the location of Fukuoka's main train station, Hakata Station, Fukuoka Airport and the Hakata Port international passenger ship terminal.
J. Raymond McGovern
J. Raymond McGovern (December 22, 1898 – March 14, 1974) was an American lawyer and politician. he served in the New York State Senate for three two-year terms (1946 to 1950), and as New York State Comptroller from 1951 to 1954.

New Rochelle, New York
New Rochelle (/rəˈʃɛl/ rə-SHEL) is a city in Westchester County, New York, United States. It is an inner suburb of New York City, located approximately 17 miles (27 km) from Midtown Manhattan. In 2020, the city had a population of 79,726, making it the 7th-largest city and 22nd-most populous municipality in New York.
2012 Asia Cup final
The 2012 Asia Cup Final was the final of the 2012 Asia Cup, a One day International cricket tournament, and was played between Pakistan and Bangladesh on 22 March 2012 in Dhaka. Pakistan stunned Bangladesh in the last ball thriller to achieve their second Asia Cup title after 2000.

2000 Asia Cup
2000 Asia Cup (as called Pepsi Asia Cup) was the seventh edition of the Asia Cup for cricket, which was held in Bangladesh between 29 May – 7 June 2000. India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh took part in the tournament. Pakistan won their first ever Asia cup beating Sri Lanka by 39 runs in the final. All the games were played at Dhaka's Bangabandhu National Stadium. Yousuf Youhana was declared the Man of the Series.
Peter Sloly
Peter John Michael Sloly OOM (born 5 August 1966) is a Canadian former police officer who served as the chief of police for the Ottawa Police Service (OPS) from 2019 to 2022. Before joining the OPS, Sloly was a member of the Toronto Police Service (TPS) for 27 years, including as a deputy chief of police from 2009 to 2016.

Prior to his police career, Sloly played soccer professionally, and made an appearance for the Canada men's national team in a 1984 friendly against Egypt.

Toronto Police Service
The Toronto Police Service (TPS) is a municipal police force in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and the primary agency responsible for providing law enforcement and policing services in Toronto. Established in 1834, it was the first local police service created in North America and is one of the oldest police services in the English-speaking world.

It is the largest municipal police service in Canada, and the fourth largest police force in Canada after Ontario Provincial Police (OPP), Sûreté du Québec (SQ), and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). With a 2023 budget of $1.16 billion, the Toronto Police Service ranks as the second largest expense of the City of Toronto's annual operating budget, after the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC).
Clare-Digby
Clare-Digby was a provincial electoral district in  Nova Scotia, Canada, that elected one member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. The riding was created in 2012 with 100 per cent of the former district of Clare and 76 per cent of the former district of Digby-Annapolis. It encompasses all of Digby County and consists of the Municipality of Clare, the Town of Digby, and the Municipality of the District of Digby. The riding is home to the province's only French-language university, Université Sainte-Anne at Church Point, and North America's oldest Acadian festival. Lobster and scallop catches in St. Mary's Bay and along the Fundy coast are critical to the economy.

Municipality of the District of Digby
Digby, officially named the Municipality of the District of Digby, is a district municipality in Digby County, Nova Scotia, Canada. Statistics Canada classifies the district municipality as a municipal district.

The district municipality forms the eastern part of Digby County. It is one of three municipal units in the county, the other two being the Town of Digby and the Municipality of the District of Clare.
Nor Bayazet uezd
The Nor Bayazet or Novobayazet uezd was a county (uezd) of the Erivan Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The uezd bordered the Alexandropol uezd to the north, the Etchmiadzin and Erivan uezds to the west, the Sharur-Daralayaz uezd to the south, and the Kazakh, Elizavetpol, and Jevanshir uezds of the Elizavetpol Governorate to the east. Centered on Lake Sevan, the Nor Bayazet uezd included most of the contemporary province of Gegharkunik and northern parts of the Kotayk Province of Armenia. The administrative center of the uezd was the city Novobayazet (present-day Gavar) for which the district was eponymously named.

In 1916, the district was over 90% rural and home to over 129,300 Armenians and 53,700 Muslims (including 3,000 Kurds). Resulting from the Ottoman invasion of the South Caucasus, in 1918–1920 the population of the district contracted significantly due to famine and large-scale ethnic cleansing.

Kazakh uezd
The Kazakh uezd was a county (uezd) of the Elizavetpol Governorate of the Russian Empire and later of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic with its center in Kazakh (present-day Qazax) from 1868 until its formal abolition in 1929 by the Soviet authorities of the Azerbaijan SSR. The area of the Kazakh uezd forms a large part of the modern-day Tavush Province and a small northeastern part of the Gegharkunik Province of Armenia, also forming most of the area of the Agstafa, Tovuz and Qazax districts of Azerbaijan.