hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Newcastle, KwaZulu-Natal
Newcastle is the third-largest city in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and is the province's industrial centre. The city has four industrial areas. The majority of its citizens reside in Newcastle East in the main townships of Madadeni and Osizweni, with the balance residing in Newcastle West (the two sides of Newcastle are separated by the N11 road). Set at the foothills of the northern KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg Mountains, Newcastle is located in the northwest corner of the province along the Ncandu River.

Newcastle is the seat of the local municipality, and the Amajuba District Municipality. Newcastle's municipal area is 1,855 square kilometres (716 square miles), ranking Newcastle as South Africa's 15th-largest city and consists of 34 wards.

The N11 and R34 are the principal roads linking the city to the rest of South Africa.

Free State (province)
The Free State is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Bloemfontein, which is also South Africa's judicial capital. Its historical origins lie in the Boer republic called the Orange Free State and later the Orange Free State Province.
Big Gulp
Big Gulp is a line of fountain drinks owned by 7-Eleven and used at its namesake stores as well as A-Plus, Speedway, and Stripes Convenience Stores. While the name is in reference to the original 32-US-fluid-ounce (950 ml) drink, it has since expanded to include various other sizes.

Stripes Convenience Stores
Stripes Stores is a chain of more than 700 convenience stores in Texas, Louisiana, New Mexico, and Oklahoma, headquartered in Corpus Christi, Texas and owned by 7-Eleven. Most locations are former Circle K and Town & Country Food Stores. Other convenience store brands they operate under include IceBox and Quick Stuff. It is one of the largest non-refining operators of convenience stores in the United States. Many stores offer Sunoco, Chevron, Conoco, Exxon, Phillips 66, Shell, Texaco, Valero, and unbranded fuel; most locations previously sold fuel under the CITGO name, when the chain was Circle K. More than 300 locations also feature the proprietary Laredo Taco Company brand of Mexican fast food, or Country Cookin’ branded fast food.
Murder of Jagagevan Jayaram
On 25 April 2006, at a playground in Ang Mo Kio, Singapore, 26-year-old Jagagevan Jayaram brought along a chopper and wanted to seek revenge on 26-year-old Sadayan Ajmeershah over a previous dispute, but it ended with Jagagevan being killed by Sadayan and his two friends who retaliated against Jagagevan's attack. Sadayan and his two friends, Arull Wanan Thangarasu and Melvin Mathenkumar Segaram, were all arrested and charged with murder; Arull was the brother-in-law of the victim. Ultimately, the charges of murder against the trio were reduced: both Melvin and Arull were convicted of causing hurt with dangerous weapons and each of them were jailed for four years with caning (eight strokes for each man), while Sadayan was convicted of the most serious charge of manslaughter, and sentenced to nine years' jail and 12 strokes of the cane despite the prosecution's urgings for the maximum sentence of life imprisonment in Sadayan's case.

Tay Yong Kwang
Tay Yong Kwang is a Singaporean judge of the Supreme Court. He was first appointed Judicial Commissioner in 1997, appointed Judge in 2003, and appointed Judge of Appeal in 2016. He was noted for being the presiding judge in several notable cases (especially murder) that shocked the nation and made headlines in Singapore. He was most recently re-appointed for a further two year term on the Court of Appeal from 3 September 2024.
American Woman (album)
American Woman is the sixth studio album by Canadian rock band the Guess Who, released in January 1970. It was the last to feature lead guitarist Randy Bachman, though he has returned to the band on many occasions since then. 
The album was one of their most successful releases, receiving Gold certification in the United States.

The album contains several of the group's most popular hits, including the title cut and "No Sugar Tonight", which together reached number one in Canada and the US, and a remake of "No Time", a song the group previously recorded for Canned Wheat. The newer version was released as a single and is the one most familiar to listeners. The album's musical styles consists of psychedelic rock and hard rock.

Garry Peterson
Garry Denis Peterson (born May 26, 1945) is a Canadian-American drummer. Peterson was originally a "child prodigy" drummer, backing many popular acts in the 1950s, but is best remembered as an original member of The Guess Who. Being the longest-serving member of the group, he was the band's drummer from 1962 to 1975 and appeared with the band for several periodic reunions until 2003.

He later joined Bachman–Turner Overdrive until he was fired a few years later. He subsequently joined an unauthorized Guess Who band put together by original bassist Jim Kale. This version of the band toured and recorded for over 40 years until being stopped in 2024 by lawsuits from Burton Cummings and Randy Bachman.
Tritonia florentiae
Tritonia florentiae is a species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae. It is a rare, tuberous, geophyte that is endemic to the Northern Cape and Western Cape and occurs from the Roggeveld to Prince Albert and Beaufort West. The plant is part of the Succulent Karoo and Nama Karoo.

Succulent Karoo
The Succulent Karoo is an ecoregion defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature to include regions of desert in South Africa and Namibia, and a biodiversity hotspot. The geographic area chosen by the WWF for what they call 'Succulent Karoo' does not correspond to the actual Karoo.
Murderball (film)
Murderball is a 2005 American documentary film about athletes who are physically disabled who play wheelchair rugby. It centers on the rivalry between the Canadian and American teams leading up to the 2004 Paralympic Games. It was directed by Henry Alex Rubin and Dana Adam Shapiro and produced by Jeffrey V. Mandel and Shapiro. It was nominated for Best Documentary Feature for the 78th Academy Awards. Murderball was the first and only MTV film released through THINKFilm as well as Participant Media.

ThinkFilm
ThinkFilm (stylized as TH!NKFilm) was an American film distribution company founded in September 2001. It had been a division of David Bergstein’s Capitol Films since 2006.

On October 5, 2010, five of Bergstein's companies in the film industry — Capitol Films, ThinkFilm, R2D2, CT-1, and Capco — were forced into Chapter 11 bankruptcy by a group of creditors led by the Aramid Entertainment film investment fund seeking payment for outstanding debts of $16 million.
Albert Żamett
Albert Żamett (25 November 1821 – 1876) was a Polish–Russian landscapes painter.

His father Daniel Schamett moved from East Prussia to Vilnius, where he became a Russian citizen. Albert Żamett attended a gymnasium in Vilnius. He studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in St. Petersburg as a free listener under Maxim Vorobiev. In 1847, with the support of Kaunas Marshal Benedict Tyszkiewicz, he went to Italy and then to France, England and Germany.

In 1854, he was awarded a prize in the Roman Academy of St. Luke for the landscape painting. In 1859, he received the title of academic, among others, for the landscape of the Rocca di Papa area.

In 1861–1863, he resumed his stay in France, England and Savoy. In 1864 he returned to Vilnius, where he was responsible for the scenery of the Municipal Theater. He made frescos in the vestibule of the Cathedral of Vilnius.

Rocca di Papa
Rocca di Papa (Roman Castles Romanesco: 'A Rocca) is a small town and comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome, Lazio, Italy. It is one of the Castelli Romani about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Rome on the Alban Hills. It is close to the other communes of Velletri, Rocca Priora, Monte Compatri, Grottaferrata, Albano and Marino. It is the center of the Regional Park known as the "Parco Regionale dei Castelli Romani".
Platen (surname)
Platen is a German-language surname. People with the surname include:

Angelika Platen (born 1942), German photographer

August von Platen-Hallermünde (1796-1835), German poet and dramatist

Baltzar von Platen (inventor) (1898–1984), Swedish inventor

Dubislav Friedrich von Platen (1714–1787), Prussian officer in Frederick the Great's army

Filip Julius Bernhard von Platen (1732–1805), Swedish-German politician and field marshal

Flockina von Platen (1903–1984), German actress

Carl Constantin Platen  (1843– 1899, German naturalist and collector

Carl Constantin Platen
Carl Constantin Platen (24 September 1843, Stralsund – 29 June 1899, Barth) was a German physician and  zoological collector of birds and butterflies.

After his medical profession in Amoy in the Chinese Empire Carl Constantin Platen worked as a zoological collector. Between 1878 and 1894 with his wife Margarete he undertook extensive journeys, which led him in 1878 to south Celebes, in 1880 to Borneo, in 1881 Seram, in late 1881 and 1882 to Ambon, 1884/1885 to Celebes, 1887 to the Sulu islands and after to Palawan, 1889 to Mindanao and 1892/1894 to Mindoro. The yield, which consisted of 728 specimens of 141 bird taxa, gathered on these expeditions was acquired mostly by Platens friend Wilhelm Blasius for the natural history museum in Braunschweig. A further part was sold to the natural history dealer  Wilhelm Schlüter in Saale. Platen was nearly blind and deaf, when he returned to Germany in 1894   where he lived in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania until his death in 1899.
Hazza bin Zayed Al Nahyan
Sheikh Hazza bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan (Arabic: هزاع بن زايد بن سلطان آل نهيان; born 2 June 1965) is the younger brother of the President of the United Arab Emirates Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Ruler's Representative of Al Ain Region of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, former National Security Advisor of the UAE and Deputy Chairman of Abu Dhabi Executive Council.

Al Ain Region
The Eastern Region (Arabic: ٱلْمِنْطَقَة ٱلشَّرْقِيَّة, romanized: Al-Minṭaqah Aš-Šarqiyyah), officially known as Al Ain Region (Arabic: مِنْطَقَة ٱلْعَيْن, romanized: Minṭaqat al-ʿAyn), is one of three Municipal Regions in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. It forms the southeastern part of the United Arab Emirates. Its main settlement is the eponymous city of Al Ain, located on the country's border with Oman, about 160 km (99 miles) from the city of Abu Dhabi, the capital of the Emirate and country. Compared to the Western Region, it is a rather remote region of the Emirate, smaller by area, and not known to hold reserves of gas or petroleum. However, it is agriculturally important.
Güre, Edremit
Güre is a summer resort and neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Edremit, Balıkesir Province, Turkey. Its population is 2,659 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde).  It is located 12 km west of Edremit, at the northern coast of Edremit Gulf and on Mount Ida's foothills.

"Sarıkız Fest" is the traditional festival in the town, which is organized by the municipality between 24 and 26 August of every year.

Edremit Gulf
The Edremit gulf (Turkish: Edremit körfezi) is an Aegean gulf in Turkey's Balıkesir Province. It is named after Edremit, a district of Balıkesir Province which is situated close to the tip of the gulf. Biga Peninsula is to the north. The southern coast belongs to the ilçe of Ayvalık, while the western entrance is enclosed with the northern part of the Greek island of Lesbos.

In ancient history there were many settlements lying close to the north coast of the gulf; Hamaxitus, Polymedium, Assos, Lamponeia, Antandrus and  Adramyttion, were some of these.

Currently there are a number of ilçe centers or bigger towns around the gulf such as Behramkale, Küçükkuyu, Altınoluk, Akçay,  Havran, Burhaniye, Armutova, Ayvalık and Cunda Island (from the north west). There are summer houses and holiday camps along  the 70 kilometres (43 mi) long northern coast and the 40 kilometres (25 mi) long southern coast of the gulf.

The gulf is famous for European sprat, olive and olive oil production.
Folklore in Rwanda
Rwandese folklore comprises the myths, legends and fables, including mythical creatures, urban legends, proverbs (imigani), superstitions, balladry and folktales, passed down orally for centuries. Though most Rwandans believe in Abrahamic religions, folklore preserves ancient Banyarwanda identity and shapes modern society. Notably, it shares features with Abrahamic beliefs, including a monotheistic God, spirits akin to the soul, and concepts of heaven and an underworld. Many stories blend the line between history and myth.

Superstition
A superstition is any belief or practice considered by non-practitioners to be irrational or supernatural. It is commonly applied to beliefs and practices surrounding luck, fate, magic, amulets, astrology, fortune telling, spirits, and certain paranormal entities, particularly the belief that future events can be foretold by specific unrelated prior events.

The word superstition is also used to refer to a religion not practiced by the majority of a given society regardless of whether the prevailing religion contains alleged superstitions or to all religions by the antireligious.
Blue Velvet (Shizuka Kudo song)
"Blue Velvet" is a song recorded by Japanese singer Shizuka Kudo for her thirteenth studio album, I'm Not. It was released by Pony Canyon as the album's leading single on May 28, 1997. It served as the third ending theme song to the Fuji Television anime series Dragon Ball GT, from episode 42 to episode 50. Out of all the artists that have contributed to the series' soundtracks, Kudo is the only one who is unaffiliated with a Being Inc. label. Kudo, who is a self-proclaimed Dragon Ball fan, received an autographed hand-drawn illustration of Goku from series creator Akira Toriyama for her 28th birthday.

"Blue Velvet" is the second in a trilogy of singles with "Blue" in the title: "Blue Velvet" is preceded by "Blue Rose", and followed by "Blue Zone".

Pony Canyon
Pony Canyon Inc. (株式会社ポニーキャニオン, Kabushiki gaisha Ponī Kyanion), also known by the shorthand form Ponican (ぽにきゃん, Ponikyan), is a Japanese company, established on October 1, 1966, which distributes music, films, home video, and video games. It is affiliated with the Japanese media group Fujisankei Communications Group. Pony Canyon is a major leader in the music industry in Japan, with its artists regularly at the top of the Japanese charts. Pony Canyon is also responsible for releasing taped concerts from its artists as well as many anime productions and several film productions.

Pony Canyon is headquartered in Tokyo with offices in Taiwan and South Korea. It employs approximately 360 people. Pony Canyon also owns the recording label Flight Master.
Gordon Avil
Gordon Avil (3 March 1899 – 25 April 1970) was an American cinematographer. He worked in Billy the Kid (1930), The Champ (1931), A Miracle Can Happen (1948), Robot Monster (1953), Shield for Murder (1954), King Dinosaur (1955), Big House, U.S.A. (1955), The Black Sleep (1956) and The Underwater City (1962). According to Robert Clary, he was one of the most patient and endearing people he ever met. He died in April 1970 of a heart attack while on vacation from shooting the TV series Hogan's Heroes.

Shield for Murder
Shield for Murder is a 1954 American film noir crime film codirected by and starring Edmond O'Brien as a malevolent police detective. It is based on the novel of the same name written by William P. McGivern.
Dance/Mix Show Airplay
Dance/Mix Show Airplay (formerly Hot Dance Airplay) is a monitored electronic dance music radio chart that is published weekly by Billboard magazine.

The chart contains 40 positions and ranks the week's most popular songs according radio dance-formatted stations and mix show airplays that are electronically monitored and have submitted hours of mix show programming, as measured by Mediabase and Luminate. The chart came about as a result of the small but influential impact of electronic dance music on the radio in the United States and the stations that program it. The inaugural number-one song was "Crazy in Love" by Beyoncé and Jay-Z, which debuted on August 16, 2003, where it spent seven weeks at the top spot. As February 2026, French DJ and musician, David Guetta has collected the most-number one singles on the chart with twenty chart-toppers. The current number-one song on the chart as of February 26, 2026 is "Midnight Sun" by Zara Larsson.

Rob Swire
Robert Swire-Thompson (born 5 November 1982) is an Australian record producer, singer, songwriter, and DJ. He is the founder and lead vocalist of the drum and bass band Pendulum, as well as DJ and co-founder of electro house duo Knife Party formed of Swire and Gareth McGrillen.

Originally from Perth, Western Australia, Swire relocated to the United Kingdom in 2003 with fellow Pendulum co-founders Gareth McGrillen and Paul "El Hornet" Harding. Swire has since fulfilled a broad spectrum of roles as a member of Pendulum, ranging from songwriting to singing while performing live with an unusual guitar-like MIDI controller – Starr Labs' Ztar Z6S-XPA. Swire also plays guitar, bass, keyboards, percussion, and other instruments. He is sometimes referred to by the stage name Anscenic.
Khaw Soo Cheang
Khaw Soo Cheang (1797–1882, Chinese: 許泗漳, POJ: Khó͘ Sù Chiang, other names Khaw Teng Hai and Kor Su Jiang) was born in Xiayu Township, Longxi County of Zhangzhou, China (present-day Longhai City). At the age of 25, he left China to Nanyang in search of a better life. He arrived in Penang, then later migrated to Thailand in 1822. Khaw established a tin mining and shipping empire. He was appointed governor of Ranong Province in 1854 and given the princely title of Phraya Na Ranong by the royal family. 
The role of governor included collecting taxes on behalf of the state.
Khaw became primogenitor of the Khaw na Ranong family, one of the most prominent Thai Chinese families in Thailand, which grew so politically and economically powerful as to challenge British colonial interests in Southeast Asia.

Tin mining
Tin mining began early in the Bronze Age, as bronze is a copper-tin alloy. Tin is a relatively rare element in the Earth's crust, with approximately 2 ppm (parts per million), compared to iron with 50,000 ppm.
Deaths in December 2023
The following is a list of notable deaths in December 2023.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Kerala Legislative Assembly
The Kerala Legislative Assembly, popularly known as the Kerala Niyamasabha, is the State Assembly of Kerala, one of the 28 states in India. The Assembly is formed by 140 elected representatives, one from each of the 140 constituencies within the borders of Kerala, referred to as Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA).
Mr. Kettle and Mrs. Moon
Mr. Kettle and Mrs. Moon is a comedy play by the British writer J.B. Priestley first staged in 1955 at the Duchess Theatre in London. The original cast featured Clive Morton and Fanny Rowe in the title roles and was directed by Tony Richardson. It ran for 211 performances. It is also known by the longer title The Scandalous Affair of Mr Kettle and Mrs Moon.

Other cast members included Beckett Bould, Wendy Craig and Richard Warner.

Beckett Bould
Beckett Bould (28 September 1880 – 25 September 1970) was a British actor.

Bould was a schoolmaster for many years and started his screen career in 1932. He debuted on stage in 1940 at Henry Miller's Theatre and performed in 15 plays.
Kaalangalil Aval Vasantham (1976 film)
Kaalangalil Aval Vasantham (transl. Among seasons, she is spring) is a 1976 Indian Tamil-language film directed by S. P. Muthuraman and produced by S. Baskar. The screenplay was written by Panchu Arunachalam from a story by C. N. Muthu. The film stars R. Muthuraman, Chandrakala and Srividya. It was released on 13 April 1976.

Srividya
Srividya (24 July 1953 – 19 October 2006), was an Indian actress best known for her work predominantly in Malayalam and Tamil films, along with a few Telugu, Kannada and Hindi films. In a career spanning for 40 years, she had acted in more than 800 films. In the latter part of her career, she concentrated on Malayalam films. In addition to acting, Srividya occasionally worked as a playback singer as well as carnatic singer. She was also a well-trained Bharathanatyam dancer. She was best known for restraint and subtlety in portrayal of varied emotions. She used her own voice for dubbing in almost all movies in all languages. She died in 2006 after battling metastatic breast cancer.
O͘
O͘, or o͘, is one of the six Hokkien vowels as written in the Pe̍h-ōe-jī (POJ) orthography. It is pronounced [ɔ], like the pronunciation of ⟨aw⟩ in "law". The orthography also uses diacritics to indicate tone, and the standard letter without a diacritic represents the vowel in the first or fourth tone (with the fourth tone used in syllables with a stop consonant, i.e. ⟨-p⟩, ⟨-t⟩, ⟨-k⟩, ⟨-h⟩ /-ʔ/, and the first tone used in other cases). The other possible tone categories require one of the following tonal symbols to be written above it:

Ó͘ ó͘ (second tone) 《陰上／阴上》

Ò͘ ò͘ (third tone) 《陰去／阴去》

Ô͘ ô͘ (fifth tone) 《陽平／阳平》

Ǒ͘ ǒ͘ (sixth tone, used in Quanzhou-descended dialects) 《陽上／阳上》

Ō͘ ō͘ (seventh tone) 《陽去／阳去》

O̍͘ o̍͘ (eighth tone) 《陽入／阳入》

Ŏ͘ ŏ͘ / Ő͘ ő͘ (ninth tone, high rising in Taiwanese Hokkien)

Quanzhou dialects
The Quanzhou dialects (simplified Chinese: 泉州话; traditional Chinese: 泉州話; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Choân-chiu-ōe), also rendered Chin-chew or Choanchew, are a collection of Hokkien dialects spoken in southern Fujian (in southeast China), in the area centered on the city of Quanzhou. Due to migration, various Quanzhou dialects are spoken outside of Quanzhou, notably in Taiwan and many Southeast Asian countries, including mainly the Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia.
Thalassolituus oleivorans
Thalassolituus oleivorans is a species of bacteria, the type species of its genus. It is an aerobic, heterotrophic, Gram-negative, curved bacteria that metabolises aliphatic hydrocarbons, their oxidized derivatives and acetate, with type strain MIL-1T (=DSM 14913T =LMG 21420T).

Acetate
An acetate is a salt formed by the combination of acetic acid with a base (e.g. alkaline, earthy, metallic, nonmetallic, or radical base). "Acetate" also describes the conjugate base or ion (specifically, the negatively charged ion called an anion) typically found in aqueous solution and written with the chemical formula C2H3O−2. The neutral molecules formed by the combination of the acetate ion and a positive ion (called a cation) are also commonly called "acetates" (hence, acetate of lead, acetate of aluminium, etc.). The simplest of these is hydrogen acetate (called acetic acid) with corresponding salts, esters, and the polyatomic anion CH3CO−2, or CH3COO−.

Most of the approximately 5 million tonnes of acetic acid produced annually in industry are used in the production of acetates, which usually take the form of polymers. In nature, acetate is the most common building block for biosynthesis.