hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Separately managed account
In the investment management industry, a separately managed account (SMA) is any of several different types of investment accounts.  For example, an SMA may be an individual managed investment account; these are often offered by a brokerage firm through one of their brokers or financial consultants and managed by independent investment management firms (often called money managers for short); they have varying fee structures.  These particular types of SMAs may be called "wrap fee" or "dual contract" accounts, depending on their structure. There is no official designation for the SMA, but there are common characteristics that are represented in many types of SMA programs. These characteristics include an open structure or flexible investment security choices; multiple money managers; and a customized investment portfolio formulated for a client's specific investment objectives or desired restrictions.

Financial adviser
A financial adviser or financial advisor is a professional who provides financial services to clients based on their financial situation. In many countries, financial advisors must complete specific training and be registered with a regulatory body in order to provide advice.

Relationships between clients and financial advisors can be characterized by principal-agent problems, as financial advisors may possess information and conflicts of interest that lead to dishonest advice and misconduct.
Alfred T. Renfro
Alfred T. Renfro (October 13, 1877 – September 8, 1964) was an artist, editorial cartoonist, photographer and architect who lived in Santa Barbara, California and Seattle, Washington.

He made efforts to help establish an arts colony near Seattle, Washington, and was a co-founder of the Beaux Arts Village. He worked for the Seattle times as an art director and editorial cartoonist and was a member of the Seattle Cartoonists' Club. He contributed many illustrations to the club's book, The Cartoon; A Reference Book of Seattle's Successful Men, along with his friend Frank Calvert, who copyrighted the book.

Illustrated for the Yukon Sun in Dawson City, Alaska, and for all the Seattle papers. In Seattle he contributed most to the "Scripps papers", which would have included the Seattle Star.

Political cartoon
A political cartoon, also known as an editorial cartoon, is a cartoon graphic with caricatures of public figures, expressing the artist's opinion. An artist who writes and draws such images is known as an editorial cartoonist. They typically combine artistic skill, hyperbole and satire in order to either question authority or draw attention to corruption, political violence and other social ills.

Developed in England in the latter part of the 18th century, the political cartoon was pioneered by James Gillray, although his and others in the flourishing English industry were sold as individual prints in print shops.  Founded in 1841, the British periodical Punch appropriated the term cartoon to refer to its political cartoons, which led to the term's widespread use.
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bombay
The Archdiocese of Bombay is a Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church. Its episcopal see is in Bombay (Mumbai) and encompasses the northern Konkan division of Maharashtra, India. The cathedral is the Cathedral of the Holy Name. It also administers an important minor basilica, the Basilica of Our Lady of the Mount, in Bandra suburb of Bombay.

As of 2006, the archdiocese had 277 diocesan priests, 283 religious priests, 383 male religious brothers and 1,530 religious sisters. The archdiocese serves a total of 506,976 Indian Catholics in 121 parishes all across the Greater Bombay Metropolitan Area.

Archbishop John Rodrigues succeeded Oswald Cardinal Gracias as the Archbishop of Bombay on 25 January 2025, following Pope Francis's acceptance of Cardinal Gracias' resignation.

Religious sister
A religious sister (abbreviated: Sr.) is a Christian woman who has taken public vows in a religious order dedicated to apostolic works. Though often referred to as nuns, they are canonically distinct. Nuns, religious sisters and canonesses all use the term "Sister" as a form of address. Religious sisters are found in various traditions of Christianity, particularly Catholicism, Evangelical Lutheranism and Anglicanism. In the Catholic Church, religious sisters are associated with a religious institute.
Kasthamandap
Kasthamandap (Sanskrit: काष्ठमण्डप, Nepal Bhasa:मरु सत: Maru Satta:; literally "Wood-Covered Shelter") is a reconstructed three-storied public shelter which was built by Lila Vajra. There is also a shrine consecrated to Gorakshanath situated at Maru, Kathmandu, Nepal. Several myths and stories about the date of the construction of the Kasthamandap have been resolved with the recent archeological findings: newly discovered objects during the excavation in the aftermath of the 2015 earthquake have suggested that the older Kasthamandap may have been built in the 7th century during the Lichhavi era.

Licchavis of Nepal
The Licchavis of Nepal (Nepali: लिच्छवि, also Lichchhavi, Lichavi) ruled over a kingdom in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal from approximately 450 to 750 CE. The Licchavi clan originated from a branch of the Licchavis of Vaishali, who ruled in the territory of modern-day Bihar and who later conquered the Kathmandu Valley. The Licchavis were ruled by a maharaja, aided by a prime minister and other royal officials, but in practice local communities were controlled by caste councils.

The ruling period of this dynasty was called the Golden Period of Nepal. A table of the evolution of certain Gupta characters used in Licchavi inscriptions prepared by Gautamavajra Vajrācārya can be found online.
Erica Kane and Dimitri Marick
Erica Kane and Dimitri Marick are fictional characters and a supercouple from the ABC daytime drama All My Children. Erica is portrayed by Susan Lucci, and Dimitri was portrayed by Michael Nader. Sometimes referred to as a "stormy duo" these two carried out a tumultuous relationship spanning the nineties. While they had their share of antagonists speckled throughout their romance, the main roadblock always keeping them apart were their own equally stubborn and  fierce personalities.

The couple is regarded as one of the greatest in soap opera history by Entertainment Weekly. Though Erica has been married many times and has had several men over the years, her relationship with Dimitri is considered one of her most memorable and one of All My Children's most successful.

Erica Kane
Erica Kane is a fictional character from the American ABC Daytime soap opera All My Children. The character was portrayed by actress Susan Lucci from her debut on January 16, 1970, until the last broadcast television episode on September 23, 2011. Lucci was expected to guest star on Prospect Park's continuation of All My Children in 2013, but the appearance never came to fruition due to the show's second cancellation.

Erica is considered to be the most popular character in American soap opera history. TV Guide calls her "unequivocally the most famous soap opera character in the history of daytime TV," and included her in their 2013 list of The 60 Nastiest Villains of All Time.
Rick Byers
Rick Byers (born c. 1959) is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in the 2022 provincial election. He represented the riding of Bruce—Grey—Owen Sound as a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario.

On September 10, 2024, he announced he would not seek re-election in the 44th Ontario general election.

Byers was an unsuccessful candidate for the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada in the 2000 and Conservative Party of Canada in the 2004 Canadian federal election in Oakville.

Oakville (federal electoral district)
Oakville was a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1997 to 2025.

After the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution, the riding was abolished and divided into Oakville East and Oakville West for the 2025 Canadian federal election.
New Brunswick Route 630
Route 630 is a 59.4-kilometre (36.9 mi) long mostly north–south secondary highway in McAdam Parish, New Brunswick, Canada.

The route starts at Route 122 in Lakeland Ridges where it travels south through a sparsely populated area past Carroll Ridge and past several lakes including Amelia Lake, Moose Lake, Sixth Lake, Fifth Lake, East Brook Lake, and Spednic Lake on the Canada/US Border.  The road passes First Lake before crossing Route 4 near St. Croix. The road continues through a mostly treed area to Meredith Settlement before ending in Andersonville at Route 3.

in 2013, Route 630 was nominated for the worst road in Atlantic Canada.

St. Croix, New Brunswick
St. Croix is a rural community in York County, New Brunswick, Canada. The community derives its name from the St. Croix River, which flows along its western boundary; this river also forms the Canada–United States border, and the community is opposite Vanceboro, Maine, to the west.

St. Croix is located 8 kilometres west of the village of McAdam. The western terminus of Highway 4 is at the border on the Saint Croix–Vanceboro Bridge over the St. Croix River, where it connects with the eastern terminus of Highway 6 in Maine. The New Brunswick Southern Railway crosses the river using the Saint Croix–Vanceboro Railway Bridge. The Canada Border Services Agency maintains a customs station in St. Croix immediately east of the bridge; this border crossing has not been open 24 hours a day since August 24, 2022, due to train traffic.
Henry J. Aaron
Henry Jacob Aaron (born 1936) is an American policy analyst and economist. He is the Bruce and Virginia MacLaury Senior Fellow in the Economic Studies Program at the Brookings Institution, where he has been employed since 1968. He served as director of the program from 1990 through 1996.

Aaron was nominated to the Social Security Advisory Board (SSAB) by President Barack Obama, receiving confirmation to the post by the United States Senate in 2014. He served as chairman of the Board of the SSAB. He has been a proponent of a single-payer health care system, though he has questioned the feasibility of implementation in the United States.

In 2010, Aaron was awarded the Daniel M. Holland Medal by the National Tax Association in recognition for lifetime achievement in taxation and public finance.

Single-payer healthcare
Single-payer healthcare is a type of universal healthcare, in which the costs of essential healthcare for all residents are covered by a single public system (hence "single-payer"). Single-payer systems may contract for healthcare services from private organizations (as is the case in Canada) or may own and employ healthcare resources and personnel (as is the case in the United Kingdom). "Single-payer" describes the mechanism by which healthcare is paid for by a single public authority, not a private authority, nor a mix of both.
TL;DR
TL;DR or tl;dr, short for "too long; didn't read", is internet slang often used to introduce a summary of an online post or news article. It is also used as an informal interjection commenting that a block of text has been ignored due to its length.

Interjection
An interjection (/ˌɪntərˈdʒɛkʃən/) is a word or expression that occurs as an utterance on its own and expresses a spontaneous feeling, situation or reaction. It is a diverse category, with many different types, such as exclamations (ouch!, wow!), curses (damn!), greetings (hey, bye), response particles (okay, oh!, m-hm, huh?), hesitation markers (uh, er, um), and other words (stop, cool). Due to its diverse nature, the category of interjections partly overlaps with a few other categories like profanities, discourse markers, and fillers. The use and linguistic discussion of interjections can be traced historically through the Greek and Latin Modistae over many centuries.
Two Planets
Two Planets (German: Auf zwei Planeten, lit. On Two Planets, 1897) is an influential science fiction novel by Kurd Lasswitz, postulating intelligent life on Mars. It was first published in hardcover by Felber in two volumes in 1897; there have been many editions since, including abridgements by the author's son Erich Lasswitz (Cassianeum, 1948) and Burckhardt Kiegeland and Martin Molitor (Verlag Heinrich Scheffler, 1969). The 1948 abridgement, with "incidental parts" of the text taken from the 1969 version, was the basis of the first translation into English by Hans H. Rudnick, published in hardcover by Southern Illinois University Press in 1971. A paperback edition followed from Popular Library in 1976. The story covers topics like colonization, mutually assured destruction and clash of civilizations many generations before these topics came into politics.

Southern Illinois University Press
Southern Illinois University Press or SIU Press, founded in 1956, is a university press located in Carbondale, Illinois, owned and operated by Southern Illinois University.

The press publishes approximately 50 titles annually, among its more than 1,200 titles currently in print.

Southern Illinois University Press is a member of the Association of University Presses.
Bundle (mathematics)
In mathematics, a bundle is a generalization of a fiber bundle dropping the condition of a local product structure. The requirement of a local product structure rests on the bundle having a topology. Without this requirement, more general objects can be considered bundles. For example, one can consider a bundle π: E → B with E and B sets. It is no longer true that the preimages  must all look alike, unlike fiber bundles, where the fibers must all be isomorphic (in the case of vector bundles) and homeomorphic.

Image (mathematics)
In mathematics, for a function , the image is a relation between inputs and outputs, used in three related ways:

The image of an input value  is the single output value produced by  when passed  . The preimage of an output value  is the set of input values that produce .

More generally, evaluating  at each element of a given subset  of its domain  produces a set, called the "image of  under (or through) ". Similarly, the inverse image (or preimage) of a given subset  of the codomain  is the set of all elements of  that map to a member of

The image of the function  is the set of all output values it may produce, that is, the image of . The preimage of  is the preimage of the codomain . Because it always equals  (the domain of ), it is rarely used.

Image and inverse image may also be defined for general binary relations, not just functions.
John Pickett (canoeist)
John Pickett (born March 2, 1951 in Kingston, Pennsylvania) is an American sprint canoer who competed in the late 1960s. He was eliminated in the repechages of the K-4 1000 m event at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.

Kingston, Pennsylvania
Kingston is a borough in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located on the western bank of the Susquehanna River opposite Wilkes-Barre. Kingston was first settled in the early 1770s, and incorporated as a borough in 1857.  As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,349, making it the most populous borough in Luzerne County.
Naval Air Station Hitchcock
Naval Air Station Hitchcock was a Naval Air Station built by the United States Navy during World War II to accommodate lighter-than-air aircraft, more commonly known as blimps. It was located in the small town of Hitchcock, Texas, about fifteen miles (24 km) northwest of Galveston.

Blimp
A non-rigid airship, commonly called a blimp (/blɪmp/), is an airship (dirigible) without an internal structural framework or a keel. Unlike semi-rigid and rigid airships (e.g. Zeppelins), blimps rely on the pressure of their lifting gas (usually helium, rather than flammable hydrogen) and the strength of the envelope to maintain their shape. Blimps are known for their use in advertising, surveillance, and observation due to their maneuverability, slow speeds and steady flight capabilities.
Tanner Foust
Tanner Lee Foust (born June 13, 1973) is an American professional racing driver, stunt driver, and television host. He competes in rally, drift, ice racing, time attack, hill climb and rallycross with multiple podium placements, national championships, and world records. He was a co-host of the American version of the motoring television series Top Gear USA.

Hillclimbing
Hillclimbing, also known as hill climbing, speed hillclimbing, or speed hill climbing, is a branch of motorsport in which drivers compete against the clock to complete an uphill course. It is one of the oldest forms of motorsport, since the first known hillclimb at La Turbie near Nice, France, took place as long ago as 31 January 1897. The hillclimb held at Shelsley Walsh, in Worcestershire, England, is the world's oldest continuously staged motorsport event still staged on its original course, having been first run in 1905.
Robert Winship
Robert Winship (September 27, 1834 in Forsyth, Georgia – September 8, 1899) was a prominent 19th century Atlanta businessman who built his fortune on the Winship Machine Company, originally built up by his father. Foundry Street in the Luckie Marietta district of Downtown Atlanta is named for Winship's foundry.

Winship had his mansion in the Inman Park neighborhood of Atlanta.

His daughter, Emily Carolyn Winship, would marry prominent businessman Ernest Woodruff. Winship's grandson, Robert Winship Woodruff, after whom Downtown Atlanta's Woodruff Park is named, would run the Coca-Cola company.

Downtown Atlanta
Downtown Atlanta is the central business district of Atlanta, Georgia, United States. The largest of the city's three commercial districts (Midtown and Buckhead being the others), it is the location of many corporate and regional headquarters; city, county, state, and federal government facilities; Georgia State University; sporting venues; and most of Atlanta's tourist attractions. It measures approximately four square miles, and had 26,850 residents as of 2017. Similar to other central business districts in the United States, it has recently undergone a transformation that includes the construction of new condos and lofts, renovation of historic buildings, and arrival of new residents and businesses.
Victor Zsasz
Victor Zsasz (/ˈʒæʃ/ or /ˈzæz/ or /ˈʒɒs/), also known as Mr. Zsasz or simply Zsasz, is a villain appearing in comic books published by DC Comics. The character first appeared in Batman: Shadow of the Bat #1 (June 1992). He is a sadomasochistic and psychopathic serial killer who carves a tally mark onto himself for each of his victims. A recurring adversary of the superhero Batman, Zsasz belongs to the collective of enemies that make up Batman's rogues gallery.

The character has been featured in various forms of non-comics media. Most notably, Danny Jacobs has voiced Zsasz in the Batman: Arkham video game franchise, and he has been portrayed in live-action by Anthony Carrigan in the television series Gotham, Alex Morf in the Arrowverse series Batwoman, Tim Booth in the film Batman Begins (2005), and Chris Messina in the DC Extended Universe film Birds of Prey (2020).

Tally marks
Tally marks, also called hash marks, are a form of numeral used for counting. They can be thought of as a unary numeral system.

They are most useful in counting or tallying ongoing results, such as the score in a game or sport, as no intermediate results need to be erased or discarded. However, because of the length of large numbers, tallies are not commonly used for static text. Notched sticks, known as tally sticks, were also historically used for this purpose.
Josias Alexander
Josias Du Pré Alexander (1771 – 20 August 1839) was an Irish-born officer of the British East India Company who sat in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom in two periods between 1820 and 1832.

Born in County Londonderry, Alexander joined the East India Company in 1796, and later became  a private merchant in Calcutta.  His time in India gained him huge wealth.

He returned to the United Kingdom in 1818, and bought an estate in Hampshire. In 1820, he and his brother James jointly purchased the rotten borough of Old Sarum from their cousin Du Pré Alexander, 2nd Earl of Caledon, and returned themselves to Parliament that year. With support of the Chancellor Nicholas Vansittart, 1st Baron Bexley, he was elected as a director of the East India Company, a post he held until 1838.

Old Sarum (UK Parliament constituency)
Old Sarum was from 1295 until 1832 a parliamentary constituency of England, Great Britain (until 1800), and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.  It was a so-called rotten borough, with an extremely small electorate that was consequently vastly over-represented and could be used by a patron in gaining such undue influence. The constituency was on the site of what had been the original settlement of Salisbury, known as Old Sarum. The population and cathedral city had moved in the 14th century to New Sarum, at the foot of the Old Sarum hill. It became one of the more notorious constituencies in the unreformed House of Commons and was abolished under the Reform Act 1832.
Phạm Thị Liên
Phạm Thị Liên (范氏蓮, 1758–1791) was an empress consort of Tây Sơn dynasty, Vietnam.

Born in Quy Nhơn, Bình Định Province. According to Đại Nam chính biên liệt truyện, she was maternal half-sister of Bùi Đắc Tuyên and Bùi Văn Nhật. She married Nguyễn Huệ, and was crowned the empress and received the noble title Chính Cung hoàng hậu (正宮皇后) when she was thirty. She had three sons and two daughters, the eldest son was Nguyễn Quang Toản.

Liên died in 1791, and received the posthumous name Nhân Cung Ðoan Tĩnh Trinh Thục Nhu Thuần Vũ Hoàng chính hậu (仁恭端靜貞淑武皇正后).

Posthumous name
A posthumous name is an honorary name given mainly to revered dead people in East Asian culture. It is predominantly used in Asian countries such as China, Korea, Vietnam, Japan,  Malaysia and Thailand. Reflecting on the person's accomplishments or reputation, the title is assigned after death and essentially replaces the name used during life. Although most posthumous names are given to royalty, some posthumous names are given to honor significant people without hereditary titles, such as courtiers or military generals.

To create a posthumous name, one or more adjectives are inserted before the deceased's title. The name of the state or domain of the owner may be added to avoid ambiguity.
Paul Howard (baseball)
Paul Joseph Howard, nicknamed "Del", (May 20, 1884 – August 29, 1968) was an American outfielder in Major League Baseball who played briefly for the Boston Red Sox during the 1909 season. Listed at 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m), 170 lb., Howard batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts.

Howard was a .200 hitter (3-for-15) with one double,  two runs and two RBI in six games. In six outfield appearances, he played at left field (4) and right (2), while posting a 1.000 fielding percentage in three chances.

Howard died in Miami, Florida at age 84, and is buried in Winthrop, Massachusetts

Left fielder
In baseball, a left fielder, abbreviated LF, is an outfielder who plays defense in left field. Left field is the area of the outfield to the left of a person standing at home plate and facing towards the pitcher's mound. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the left fielder is assigned the number seven.