hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Israel Kleiner (mathematician)
Israel Kleiner is a Canadian mathematician and historian of mathematics.

Kleiner earned an MA at Yale University (1963) and a PhD at McGill University (1967) under Joachim Lambek with a thesis Lie modules and rings of quotients. Before his retirement as professor emeritus, he spent his career as a mathematics professor at York University, where he was a member of the faculty since 1965 and where he coordinated the training program for mathematics teachers teaching at the secondary school level. He is noted for his work on the history of algebra and on the combination of the history of mathematics and mathematics education.

He received the Carl B. Allendoerfer Award in 1987 and again in 1992, the George Pólya Award in 1990, and the Lester Randolph Ford Award in 1995. He was in the mid 2000s vice-president of the Canadian Society for the History and Philosophy of Mathematics.

Carl B. Allendoerfer Award
The Carl B. Allendoerfer Award is presented annually by the Mathematical Association of America (MAA) for "expository excellence published in Mathematics Magazine."  it is named after mathematician Carl B. Allendoerfer who was president of the MAA 1959–60.
Grand Site
The Grand Site is an archaeological site in Jacksonville, Florida, United States. The site includes a shell midden about 30 feet wide and 175 feet in diameter, with a sand mound immediately to the west. It is a product of the St. Johns archaeological culture spanning the St. Johns IIA through IIB periods. On June 20, 1975, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

Archaeological culture
An archaeological culture is a recurring assemblage of types of artifacts, buildings and monuments from a specific period and region that may constitute the material culture remains of a particular past human society. The connection between these types is an empirical observation. Their interpretation in terms of ethnic or political groups is based on archaeologists' understanding. However, this is often subject to long-unresolved debates. The concept of the archaeological culture is fundamental to culture-historical archaeology.
Hatsuho Matsuzawa
Hatsuho Matsuzawa (松澤 初穂, Matsuzawa Hatsuho, 8 October 1914 – 1 January 2011) was a Japanese swimmer. She competed in the 100 m freestyle event at the 1932 Olympics, but was eliminated in the preliminaries.

On 29 August 1933 Matsuzawa set a national record in the 50 m freestyle at 31.06 seconds that stood until 21 August 1954. In 1934 she became a high school teacher, and in 1936 a national swimming coach at the Berlin Olympics. She married in 1937 and later had five children, including Sadahiko Sugaya (菅谷定彦), who became president and CEO of TV Tokyo. She returned to swimming in 1984, and between 1986 and 2000 competed at national and world masters championships.

Swimming at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metre freestyle
The women's 100 metre freestyle was a swimming event held as part of the swimming at the 1932 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fifth appearance of the event, which was established in 1912. The competition was held on Saturday 6 August 1932 and on Monday 8 August 1932.

Twenty swimmers from ten nations competed.
Hans Pöögelmann
Hans Pöögelmann (30 December 1875 Aidu Parish, Kreis Fellin, Governorate of Livonia – 27 January 1938, Moscow, Soviet Union) was an Estonian and Soviet Russian socialist, and later communist politician, journalist and poet. In 1917, he was elected a member of the Estonian Provincial Assembly and became a leading figure in the Estonian local Bolshevik movement. After 1919, Pöögelmann left Estonia and continued his political activities in the USSR. In 1938, he was arrested and executed in Moscow by the Soviet Stalinist regime.

Estonian Provincial Assembly
The Estonian Provincial Assembly or Estonian State Diet, also known by its Estonian language name Maapäev, was elected in May–June 1917 during the Russian Revolution as the provincial parliament (diet) of the autonomous Governorate of Estonia. On 28 November 1917, after the Bolshevik coup in Petrograd (then Saint Petersburg, capital of Russia), the Assembly declared itself the sole sovereign power in the governorate of Estonia and called for the elections of Estonian Constituent Assembly. On the eve of the German occupation of Estonia during World War I the council of elders the Maapäev elected the Estonian Salvation Committee, who went on to issue the Estonian Declaration of Independence on 24 February 1918.
Stirling (Massaponax, Virginia)
Stirling, also known as Stirling Plantation, is a historic plantation house located near Massaponax, Spotsylvania County, Virginia. It was built between 1858 and 1860, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, five-bay, brick Greek Revival and Federal dwelling. It measures 56 feet by 36 feet, and has a hipped roof and four interior end chimneys. It sits on a raised basement and features entrance porches added about 1912. Also on the property are the contributing kitchen dependency, smokehouse, family cemetery, and the undisturbed archaeological sites of a weaving house and three slave cabins.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Spotsylvania County, Virginia
Spotsylvania County is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is a part of the Northern Virginia region. As of 2024, Spotsylvania County is the 14th most populated county in Virginia with 149,588 residents. Its county seat is Spotsylvania Courthouse.

Located along the Rappahannock River bordering the City of Fredericksburg and Stafford County, Spotsylvania County is part of the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area. Since 2010, the population has increased by 19.3%; for comparison, Virginia's population has only increased 7.7% in that time period. Spotsylvania County is currently the 74th highest-income county in America.
Abu Zayd al-Balkhi
Abu Zayd Ahmed ibn Sahl Balkhi (Persian: ابو زید احمد بن سهل بلخی) was a Persian Muslim polymath: a geographer, mathematician, physician, psychologist and scientist. Born in 850 CE in Shamistiyan, in the province of Balkh, Greater Khorasan, he was a disciple of al-Kindi. He also founded the "Balkhī school" of terrestrial mapping in Baghdad. Al-Balkhi is believed to have been one of the earliest to diagnose that mental illness can have psychological and physiological causes and he was the first to typify four types of emotional disorders: fear and anxiety; anger and aggression; sadness and depression; and obsessions.

Polymath
A polymath or polyhistor is an individual whose knowledge spans many different subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems. Polymaths often prefer a specific context in which to explain their knowledge, but some are gifted at explaining abstractly and creatively.

Embodying a basic tenet of Renaissance humanism that humans are limitless in their capacity for development, the concept led to the notion that people should embrace all knowledge and develop their capacities as fully as possible. This is expressed in the term Renaissance man, often applied to the gifted people of that age who sought to develop their abilities in all areas of accomplishment: intellectually, artistically, socially, physically, and spiritually.
1979 Wirral Metropolitan Borough Council election
The 1979 Wirral Metropolitan Borough Council election took place on 3 May 1979 to elect members of Wirral Metropolitan Borough Council in England. This election was held on the same day as other local elections.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Wirral Council
Wirral Council, or Wirral Metropolitan Borough Council, is the local authority of the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral in Merseyside, England. It is a metropolitan district council with borough status, thus providing the majority of local government services in the borough. The council has been a member of the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority since 2014.

The council has been under no overall control since 2019, with the leader of the council belonging to the Labour Party. Council meetings are held at Wallasey Town Hall and the main administrative offices are at Alice Ker Square in Birkenhead.
Maremma Regional Park
The Maremma Regional Park (Italian: Parco Regionale della Maremma), also known as Uccellina Park (Parco dell'Uccellina), covers a coastal area between Principina a Mare and Talamone in the province of Grosseto, right up to the Livorno-Roma train line. The park covers 9,000 hectares (22,000 acres) plus an extra 8,500 hectares (21,000 acres) of open land around its boundaries, and it is included in the municipalities of Grosseto, Magliano in Toscana and Orbetello.

The Park is characterized by important geographical elements such as the last stretch of the river Ombrone, the orographic system of the Uccellina Mountains which reaches 417 metres (1,368 ft) of height in Poggio Lecci, the marsh area of Trappola, and the coast which is both sandy and characterized by steep cliffs.

Province of Grosseto
The province of Grosseto (Italian: provincia di Grosseto) is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Grosseto. As of 2013 the province had a total population of 225,098 people.
Vakarų ekspresas
Vakarų ekspresas (lit. 'Western express'), published in Klaipėda, Lithuania is the largest regional newspaper of Lithuania Minor and Samogitia. The circulation is approximately 10,000 copies, with a primary focus on events within Western Lithuania.

Vakarų ekspresas is published daily, except for Sundays. Its supplements include Eteris (TV guide), Autosalonas (automobiles), Sveikata (health), Litas prie lito (financial), Jūros vartai (regional news), Kultūros uostas (culture) and Šeštadienis (Saturday edition). The newspaper is distributed in Klaipėda, Gargždai, Skuodas, Mažeikiai, Palanga, Kretinga, Plungė, Telšiai and Vilnius.

Skuodas
Skuodas (pronunciationⓘ; Samogitian: Skouds) is a city located in Klaipėda County, in northwestern Lithuania, on the border with Latvia. The Bartuva river flows through the town. Is currently the capital of Skuodas District Municipality.
2018–19 Football Superleague of Kosovo
The 2018–19 Football Superleague of Kosovo season, also known as the IPKO Superleague of Kosovo (Albanian: IPKO Superliga e Kosovës) for sponsorship reasons with IPKO was the 20th[a] season of top-tier football in Kosovo. The season began on 18 August 2018 and will end on 19 May 2019. A total of 12 teams are competing in the league: nine teams from the 2017–18 season and three teams from the 2017–18 First Football League of Kosovo. Drita are the defending champions from the previous season.

FC Drita
Football Club Drita (Albanian: Klubi Futbollistik Drita), commonly known as Drita, is a professional football club based in Gjilan, Kosovo. The club competes in the Kosovo Superleague.

The club's home ground is the Gjilan City Stadium. It was built in 1947 when the club played within the Yugoslav league system. However, from 1990 until the end of the Kosovo War, the club split in two different clubs with one team staying as the official club, playing in the home stadium and league system.
Xipheroceras
Xipheroceras  is a Lower Jurassic ammonite belonging to the Eoderoceratidae, and sometimes placed in the subfamily Xipheroceratinae for which it is the namesake. It has been found in the upper Sinemurian (about mid L Jurassic) of Europe and possibly Borneo.

Xipheroceras, named by Buckman, 1911, has an evolute shell, all whorls clearly exposed, only very slightly impressed dorsally (on the inside curvature).  Inner and middle whorls have strong ribs with large spines at the outer ends. Outer whorls have closer simpler ribs.

Sinemurian
In the geologic timescale, the Sinemurian is an age and stage in the Early or Lower Jurassic Epoch or Series. It spans the time between 199.5 ±0.3 Ma and 192.9 ±0.3 Ma (million years ago). The Sinemurian is preceded by the Hettangian and is followed by the Pliensbachian.

In Europe the Sinemurian age, together with the Hettangian age, saw the deposition of the lower Lias, in Great Britain known as the Blue Lias.
Jan Nieuwenhuyzen
Jan Nieuwenhuijzen (1 September 1724 in Haarlem – 24 February 1806 in Monnickendam) was a Dutch Mennonite teacher and minister.

He was first trained to be a book seller and in 1743 he entered the guild in Haarlem. He married the poet Gezina Wijnalda, a niece of Age Wijnalda in 1751. He then sold his printing offices in 1758 after training at the Mennonite seminary in Amsterdam to become a minister. He served in Middelharnis 1758–1763, Aardenburg 1763–1771, and Monnikendam 1771–1806. In 1784, along with his son Martinus who became a doctor in Edam, he founded the society "Genoodschap van Konsten en Wetenschappen, onder de zinspreuk: Tot Nut van 't Algemeen", most often called Maatschappij tot Nut van't Algemeen, or simply Het Nut.

Aardenburg
Aardenburg is a small city close to the Dutch border with Belgium. It is part of the Sluis Municipality, located in the province of Zeeland in the Netherlands. Its medieval name was Rodenburgh (Red Castle).

In the Sint-Baafskerk, (Saint Bavo's Church), Aardenburg houses the most complete example of the Scheldegotiek, the characteristic Gothic architecture of the Scheldt. It is also still possible today to see remains of some of the fortifications that used to enclose the city.
The Strange Night of Helga Wangen
The Strange Night of Helga Wangen (German: Die seltsame Nacht der Helga Wangen) is a 1928 German silent drama film directed by Holger-Madsen and starring Lee Parry and Francis Lederer. It was shot at the National Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art director Otto Moldenhauer.

Holger-Madsen
Forest Holger-Madsen (11 April 1878 – 30 November 1943) was a Danish film director, actor and screenwriter. He directed more than 40 films between 1912 and 1936. He also appeared in more than 20 films between 1908 and 1935.
Cry Cry
"Cry Cry" is a single recorded by South Korean girl group T-ara, Its release was originally set for release on November 18, 2011, but was pushed forward one week to November 11 due to the demand for the album's lead track, "Cry Cry". It served as the lead track for the group's third EP, Black Eyes. The song achieved commercial and critical success, becoming a chart topper on both the Gaon Chart and Billboard Korea Hot 100 chart. It also emerged as one of the best-selling Korean singles of the 2010s, amassing nearly 3.8 million downloads as of 2012.

SBS PopAsia
SBS PopAsia is an Australian digital radio station that broadcasts music, most notably from East Asia and Southeast Asia, on digital radio, online and on mobile devices. The station originated as a two-hour segment on SBS youth radio programme Alchemy before launching as a stand alone digital radio station in 2010.

A television program of the same name was also broadcast on SBS and later SBS Viceland from 2011 to 2018, presenting back-to-back Asian Pop music videos. It was hosted by Jamaica de la Cruz until 2016, with Andy Trieu taking over as host until the show ended in 2018.

PopAsia fans are called PopAsians.
Invisible Means
Invisible Means is a studio album by the English/American experimental rock quartet French Frith Kaiser Thompson. It was the group's second album and was recorded at Mobius Music in San Francisco on March 19–23, 1990. The album was released in 1990 in the United States by Windham Hill Records on CD. The album was reissued in 2008 by Fledg'ling Records with one extra track recorded live.

Experimental rock
Experimental rock (originally known as avant-garde rock or avant-rock) is a subgenre of rock music that emerged in the 1960s. The genre emphasizes innovation over commercial appeal, incorporating influences and ideas lifted from avant-garde music through traditional rock music instrumentation. It is primarily characterized by its use of unconventional song structures, musical techniques, rhythms and lyricism, usually deemed challenging, difficult, inaccessible or underground.
Secret, Voice of My Heart
"Secret, Voice of My Heart" (stylized as "Secret, voice of my heart") is a song recorded by Japanese singer songwriter Mai Kuraki. It was released as the first promotional single from her extended play, Forever for You (2024), through Northern Music for digital download on 4 October 2022. The song served as the ending theme song to the Japanese comedy anime television series Detective Conan: The Culprit Hanzawa (2022).

B Zone
B ZONE, Inc. (株式会社B ZONE, Kabushiki-gaisha B Zone) (aka B ZONE Group), formerly known as Being, Inc. (aka Being Giza Group), is a Japanese private entertainment conglomerate and recording label based in Tokyo's Roppongi district, founded on November 1, 1978, by music producer Daiko Nagato. The company and its subsidiaries are the main supplier of theme music for the anime series Detective Conan. As of May 2023, over 130 theme songs have been supplied to the anime television series and movies by the B ZONE Group. On 4 April 2023, Being changed company name to B Zone.
China Book Publishing House
China Book Publishing House (simplified Chinese: 中国书籍出版社; traditional Chinese: 中國書籍出版社), commonly known as China Book Press, is a Beijing-based publishing house in the People's Republic of China. It is a comprehensive publishing house, supervised by the General Administration of Press and Publication, sponsored and owned by the China Research Institute of the Publishing Science (中国出版科学研究所).

China Book Publishing House was established on August 23, 1986. Its main publishing scope includes academic works related to the publication and distribution of scientific research in China and abroad, as well as textbooks, reference books, historical materials, biographies, popular reading materials.

Historical source
A historical source encompasses "every kind of evidence that human beings have left of their past activities — the written word and spoken word, the shape of the landscape and the material artefact, the fine arts as well as photography and film."

While the range of potential historical sources has expanded to include many non-documentary sources, nevertheless "the study of history has nearly always been based squarely on what the historian can read in documents or hear from informants".

Historical sources are usually divided into primary and secondary, though some historians also refer to tertiary sources.
Emily Fulton
Emily Fulton (born February 11, 1993) is a women's ice hockey player. In April 2010, Fulton was part of the Canadian Under 18 squad that captured gold at the IIHF Under-18 World Championships. As a member of the gold medal- winning squad, a hockey card of her was featured in the Upper Deck 2010 World of Sports card series. Following her collegiate career at Cornell, she was the second pick overall in the 2015 CWHL Draft.

Hockey card
A hockey card is a type of trading card typically printed on some sort of card stock, featuring one or more ice hockey players or other hockey-related theme and are typically found in countries such as Canada, the United States, Finland and Sweden where hockey is a popular sport and there are professional leagues. The obverse normally features an image of the subject with identifying information such as name and team. The reverse can feature statistics, biographical information, or as many early cards did, advertising. There is no fixed size or shape of hockey cards, running the gamut from rectangular to circular, however modern North American cards have typically standardized on a 2.5-by-3.5-inch (6.4 cm × 8.9 cm) rectangular format.
St. Peter's Institute of Higher Education and Research
St. Peter's Institute of Higher Education and Research (SPIHER) is a private deemed to be university located in Paruthipattu in Tiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu. The institution was promoted by the politician M. Thambidurai and managed by his wife. This is a Deemed-to-be University established in 2008 under Section 3 of the UGC Act,1956 The Institute is located in Paruthipattu revenue village of Poonamallee taluk which is 3 km far away from Avadi railway station The institute has its campus with 32.26 acres of land with a built-up area of 66,875 square metres (719,840 sq ft).  It is recognised by the University Grants Commission (UGC) and is accredited by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC). It is also approved by the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE).

Avadi railway station
Avadi railway station (station code: AVD) is an NSG–2 category Indian railway station in Chennai railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is one of the major railway terminals of the Chennai Central–Arakkonam section of the Chennai Suburban Railway Network. It serves the neighbourhood of Avadi, a suburb of Chennai located 23 km west of the city centre. It is situated at Tirumalairajapuram locality of Avadi, with an elevation of 26.85 m above sea level. According to a railway release in 2008, there are plans to develop Avadi station as a coaching terminal (satellite terminal) for Chennai Central railway station, on the lines of Tambaram station being developed as a terminal for Egmore railway station. Later in 2023, the plan of making Perambur as 4th railway terminal was considered but not finalised. But, there are repeated requests from commuters to make Avadi as railway terminal.
Cowasjee Jehangir Institute of Psychiatry
Jehangir Institute of Psychiatry is a hospital located in Latifabad suburb of the city of Hyderabad, in Sindh, Pakistan. It was established in 1852 during the British Raj and was named after Jehangir Cowasji Jehangir Readymoney. It is the largest psychiatric hospital in Pakistan. It is locally known as Giddu Bandar Mental Hospital.

Hyderabad, Pakistan
Hyderabad, also known as Neroonkot, is the capital and largest city of the Hyderabad Division in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is the second-largest city in Sindh, after Karachi, and the 7th largest in Pakistan.

Founded in 1768 by Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro of the Kalhora Dynasty, Hyderabad served as a provincial capital until the British transferred the capital to Bombay Presidency in 1840. It is about 150 kilometres (93 mi) inland of Karachi, the largest city of Pakistan, to which it is connected by a direct railway and M-9 motorway.
Blue Mountains (New Zealand)
The Blue Mountains are a range of rugged hills in West Otago, in southern New Zealand. They form a barrier between the valleys of the Clutha and Pomahaka Rivers. They lie between the towns of Tapanui and Lawrence and rise to 1019 metres (3280 ft).

The Blue Mountains are home to one of the largest herds of wild fallow deer in the south island of New Zealand, hunting is permitted on Department of Conservation administered land. The early name for the range was Te Papanui, which was later corrupted to Tapanui. Early surveyors named it Mount Valpy after William Henry Valpy, an early settler in Dunedin. The name Blue Mountains was given by gold diggers during the Otago gold rush in the early 1860s after the Blue Mountains in New South Wales.

Lawrence, New Zealand
Lawrence is a small town in Otago, in New Zealand's South Island. It is located on State Highway 8, the main route from Dunedin to the inland towns of Queenstown and Alexandra. It lies 35 kilometres to the northwest of Milton, 11 kilometres northwest of Waitahuna, and close to the Tuapeka River, a tributary of the Clutha.