hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
MindMup
MindMup is a mind mapping application written primarily in JavaScript and designed to run in HTML5 browsers. It can also be used to create argument maps and concept maps. MindMup v1 was released under an MIT-like license with a non-compete clause that restricts use, which makes it non-free software. The source code is available from GitHub. On 1 January 2017, the project was discontinued. Current version of the site software is not open source, and there are no plans to open source it.

Mind map
A mind map is a  diagram used to visually organize information into a hierarchy, showing relationships among pieces of the whole. It is often based on a single concept, drawn as an image in the center of a blank page, to which associated representations of ideas such as images, words and parts of words are added. Major ideas are connected directly to the central concept, and other ideas branch out from those major ideas.

Mind maps can also be drawn by hand, either as "notes" during a lecture, meeting or planning session, for example, or as higher quality pictures when more time is available. Mind maps are considered to be a type of spider diagram.
Fujio Ishihara
Fujio Ishihara (石原藤夫, Ishihara Fujio, born in Tokyo in 1933) is a former professor of electronics at Tamagawa University, and a Japanese science fiction author.

He graduated Waseda University with a degree in electronics.

He made his science fiction debut in 1965.  During the 1970s and 1980s he has been an active hard SF advocate.  In the first half of the 1980s, he coined the term "Kōseiki Sekai" (光世紀世界, Light Century Universe), defined as the sphere with a diameter of 100 light years (within 50 light years radius from the Sun).  He also edited Kōseiki Seihyō (光世紀星表, Light Century Catalogue), the star catalogue of Light Century Universe (738 stars had been known at the time, include the Sun).  Also he is known for bibliographies of Japanese science fiction.

He received the Seiun Award best non-fiction book in 1985 for Kōseiki no Sekai, and Nihon SF Taisho Award special award in 1991 for his bibliography works.

Hard science fiction
Hard science fiction is a category of science fiction characterized by concern for scientific accuracy and logic. The term was first used in print in 1957 by P. Schuyler Miller in a review of John W. Campbell's Islands of Space in the November issue of Astounding Science Fiction. The complementary term soft science fiction, formed by analogy to the popular distinction between the "hard" (natural) and "soft" (social) sciences, first appeared in the late 1970s. Though there are examples generally considered as "hard" science fiction such as Isaac Asimov's Foundation series, built on mathematical sociology, science fiction critic Gary Westfahl argues that while neither term is part of a rigorous taxonomy, they are approximate ways of characterizing stories that reviewers and commentators have found useful.
Czech Nebraskan
Czech Nebraskans are residents of the state of Nebraska who are of Czech ancestry. As of the 2000 U.S. Census, Czech-Americans living in Nebraska make up 5.5% of the state's population, the largest percentage of any state. 3,295 Nebraskans can speak the Czech language.

Hrbková had estimated that of the 539,392 Bohemians counted in the 1910 Census, about one eighth lived in Nebraska.

Various fraternal orders, and thirteen Komensky educational clubs were established in Nebraska. The Sokol society had organizations in Crete and in Wilber.

A Czech language newspaper, the Pokrok Západu (Progress of the West), was founded in Omaha in 1871. Other Czech language newspapers in Nebraska included Přítel Lidu (People's Friend), Ozvěna Západu (Echo of the West), and Wilberské Listy.

A state organization for Czech Nebraskans, Nebraska Czechs Inc., was formed in 1963.

1910 United States census
The 1910 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau on April 15, 1910, determined the resident population of the United States to be 92,228,496, an increase of 21 percent over the 76,212,168 persons enumerated during the 1900 census. The 1910 census switched from a portrait page orientation to a landscape orientation.

This was the last census in which Texas did not record any top 50 largest cities by population, despite being the 5th most populous state at the time. It was also the first census in which all the top 50 largest cities had population over 100,000.

The 1910 census was the first to use metropolitan districts, the predecessor to modern metropolitan statistical areas, which were defined for all cities with at least 200,000 people.
Bucherer reaction
The Bucherer reaction in organic chemistry is the reversible conversion of a naphthol to a naphthylamine in the presence of ammonia and sodium bisulfite.  The reaction is widely used in the synthesis of dye precursors aminonaphthalenesulfonic acids.

C10H7-2-OH  +  NH3 ⇌   C10H7-2-NH2  +  H2O

The French chemist Robert Lepetit was the first to discover the reaction in 1898.  The German chemist Hans Theodor Bucherer (1869–1949) discovered (independent from Lepetit) its reversibility and its potential especially in industrial chemistry. Bucherer published his results in 1904 and his name is connected to this reaction. The organic reaction also goes by the name Bucherer-Lepetit reaction or (incorrectly) the Bucherer-Le Petit reaction.

The reaction is used to convert 1,7-dihydroxynaphthalene into 7-amino-1-naphthol and 1-aminonaphthalene-4-sulfonic acid into 1-hydroxynaphthalene-4-sulfonic acid. It is also useful for transamination reactions of 2-aminonaphthalenes.

Sodium bisulfite
Sodium bisulfite (or sodium bisulphite, sodium hydrogen sulfite) is a chemical mixture with the approximate chemical formula NaHSO3. Sodium bisulfite is not a real compound, but a mixture of salts that dissolve in water to give solutions composed of sodium and bisulfite ions.  It appears in form of white or yellowish-white crystals with an odor of sulfur dioxide. Sodium bisulfite is used in a variety industries such as a food additive with E number E222 in the food industry. It is a reducing agent in the cosmetic and in the bleaching applications.
Salim Ahamed
Salim Ahamed (born 6 July 1971) is an Indian film director, screen writer and producer. After working for a long time as a travel consultant, he joined as a creative director and script writer in a television channel. His directorial debut, Adaminte Makan Abu (2011), fetched him numerous accolades and was screened at various international film festivals. It was also chosen as India's official entry to be considered for nomination in the Best Foreign Film category for the 84th Academy Awards. Then he made two movies Kunjananthante Kada (2013) and Pathemari (2015) with Mammootty as the lead. The latter won the Best Feature Film In Malayalam award at the 63rd National Film Awards. Salim's latest film is And the Oscar Goes To...(2019), which tells about his own experiences with the production and marketing of his first film.

National Film Awards
The National Film Awards are awards for artistic and technical merit given for excellence within the Indian film industry. Established in 1954, it has been administered, along with the International Film Festival of India and the Indian Panorama, by the Indian government's Directorate of Film Festivals from 1973 until 2020, and by the NFDC since 2021.

Every year, a national panel appointed by the government selects the winning entry, and the award ceremony is held in New Delhi, where the President of India presents the awards. This is followed by the inauguration of the National Film Festival, where award-winning films are screened for the public. Declared for films produced in the previous year across the country, they hold the distinction of awarding merit to the best of Indian cinema overall, as well as presenting awards for the best films in each region and language of the country.
Keats Listening to a Nightingale on Hampstead Heath
Keats Listening to a Nightingale on Hampstead Heath is an 1845 oil painting by the British artist Joseph Severn. It depicts the romantic poet John Keats hearing the song of a nightingale on Hampstead Heath and being inspired to write his famous 1819 work Ode to a Nightingale. Severn had been friends with Keats who had died of tuberculosis in Rome in 1821.

Today the painting is in the collection of the Guildhall Art Gallery in London, having been acquired in 1951. It is on display at Keats House in Hampstead.

Joseph Severn
Joseph Severn (7 December 1793  – 3 August 1879) was an English portrait and subject painter and a personal friend of the English poet John Keats. He exhibited portraits, Italian genre, literary and biblical subjects, and a selection of his paintings can today be found in some of the most important museums in London, including the National Portrait Gallery, the Victoria and Albert Museum and Tate Britain.
Henry Stafford (died 1471)
Sir Henry Stafford (c. 1425 – 4 October 1471) was the second son of Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Lady Anne Neville, daughter of Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland, and Lady Joan Beaufort. Henry's elder brother, also named Humphrey, died before their father, and so it was Henry's nephew, also Henry, who became the 2nd Duke of Buckingham.

Stafford was the third husband of Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond. The marriage was relatively long and successful and coincided roughly with the minority of Margaret's son, the future Henry VII of England. Both Sir Henry and Lady Margaret were descended from John of Gaunt and were supporters of Henry VI, the head of the House of Lancaster, in the early stages of the Wars of the Roses. However, Stafford later switched his allegiance to the House of York and towards the end of his life contributed to the restoration of Edward IV.

Philippa Gregory
Philippa Gregory CBE (born 9 January 1954) is an English historical novelist who has been publishing since 1987. The best known of her works is The Other Boleyn Girl (2001), which in 2002 won the Romantic Novel of the Year Award from the Romantic Novelists' Association and has been adapted into two films.

AudioFile magazine has called Gregory "the queen of British historical fiction".
184th Wing
The 184th Wing is a unit of the Kansas Air National Guard, stationed at McConnell Air Force Base, Wichita, Kansas. If activated to federal service, the Wing is gained by the United States Sixteenth Air Force.

The 127th Command and Control Squadron assigned to the Wing's 184th Regional Support Group, is a descendant organization of the 127th Observation Squadron, established on 30 July 1940. It is one of the 29 original National Guard Observation Squadrons of the United States Army National Guard formed before World War II.

Army National Guard
The Army National Guard (ARNG) is an organized militia force and a federal military reserve force of the United States Army. It is simultaneously part of two different organizations: the Militia of the United States (consisting of the ARNG of each state, most territories, and Washington D.C.), as well as the federal ARNG, as part of the National Guard as a whole (which includes the Air National Guard). It is divided into subordinate units stationed in each state or insular area, responsible to their respective governors or other head-of-government.

The Guard's origins are usually traced to the city of Salem, Massachusetts, in 1636. That year a regiment of militia drilled for the first time to defend a multi-community area within what is now the United States.
Park Mun-su
Park Mun-su (Korean: 박문수; Hanja: 朴文秀; October 28, 1691–1756), also known as Bak Munsu, was a Korean government official in the period of King Yeongjo in the Joseon period. He was famous for the lifetime he spent protecting the Korean people from corrupt royal officials.

Park passed the state examination in 1723 and later became a secret royal inspector (Amhaengeosa; 暗行御史, 암행어사). He is the most famous secret inspector in the history of Korea, and has become something of a legendary figure, with many legends surrounding his achievements.

Bak was the son of Park Hang-han, and a member of the Goryeong Park clan. His art name was Gieun, his courtesy name was Seongbo, and his posthumous name was Chungheon.

Two portraits of Park Mun-su have been preserved and are in good condition.

Art name
An art name (pseudonym or pen name), also known by its native names hào (in Mandarin Chinese), gō (in Japanese), ho (in Korean), and tên hiệu (in Vietnamese), is a professional name used by artists, poets and writers in the Sinosphere. The word and the concept originated in China, where it was used as nicknames for the educated, then became popular in other East Asian countries (especially in Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and the former Kingdom of Ryukyu).

In some cases, artists adopted different pseudonyms at different stages of their career, usually to mark significant changes in their life. Extreme practitioners of this tendency were Tang Yin of the Ming dynasty, who had more than ten hao, Hokusai of Japan, who in the period 1798 to 1806 alone used no fewer than six, and Kim Chŏnghŭi of the Joseon Dynasty who had up to 503.
Karchag
Karchag (Russian: Карчаг; Lezgian: КIварчагъ; Judeo-Tat: Гъэрчогъ) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Karchagsky Selsoviet, Suleyman-Stalsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

Suleyman-Stalsky District
Suleyman-Stalsky District (Russian: Сулейма́н-Ста́льский райо́н; Lezgian: СтӀал Сулейманан район) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the republic. The area of the district is 666.3 square kilometers (257.3 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Kasumkent. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 58,835, with the population of Kasumkent accounting for 22.5% of that number.
Solonovka
Solonovka (Russian: Солоновка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Solonovsky Selsoviet of Volchikhinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 830 as of 2016. It was founded in 1867. There are 7 streets.

Altai Krai
Altai Krai (Russian: Алтайский край, IPA: [ɐlˈtajskʲɪj kraj]) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai). It borders, clockwise from the west, Kazakhstan (East Kazakhstan Region, Abai Region and Pavlodar Region), Novosibirsk and Kemerovo, and the Altai Republic. Its administrative centre is the city of Barnaul. As of the 2021 Census, the population of the krai was 2,163,693.
Derwentside College
Derwentside College is a further education college based in Consett, County Durham, England. It is the major provider of vocational post-16 education and training in the former district of Derwentside.

The Principal and Chief Executive is Chris Todd, who took over from Karen Redhead in 2019.

The college's inspection report in 1997 summarised its history as: "Derwentside College was established as a tertiary college in 1986 following the decision of Durham Local Education Authority (LEA) to bring together the activities of Consett Technical College and the sixth forms of five local schools".

The college is part of the Durham Learning Alliance with Durham University, New College Durham, East Durham College and Bishop Auckland College.

Derwentside
Derwentside was, from 1974 to 2009, a local government district in County Durham, England.

The district took its name from the River Derwent, which made up part of the northern border of the district. Its main towns were Consett and Stanley, with the district council offices on Consett's Medomsley Road. The rest of the district was semi-rural, with numerous former pit villages running into one another.
1939 Erzincan earthquake
An earthquake struck Turkey's eastern Erzincan Province at 1:57:23 a.m. on 27 December 1939 local time with a moment magnitude (Mw ) of 7.8 and maximum Mercalli intensity of XII (Extreme). It is tied with the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes as the most powerful earthquake in Turkey to be recorded by instruments. However, it was less powerful than estimates of the 1668 North Anatolia earthquake. This was one of the largest in a sequence of violent shocks to affect Turkey along the North Anatolian Fault between 1939 and 1999. Surface rupturing, with a horizontal displacement of up to 3.7 meters, occurred in a 360 km long segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone. The earthquake was the most severe natural loss of life in Turkey in the 20th century, with 32,968 dead, and some 100,000 injured.

Erzincan
Erzincan (pronounced [æɾˈzindʒan]; Kurdish: Erzîngan), historically Yerznka (Armenian: Երզնկա), is the capital of Erzincan Province in eastern Turkey. Nearby cities include Erzurum, Sivas, Tunceli, Bingöl, Elazığ, Malatya, Gümüşhane, Bayburt, and Giresun. The city is majority Turkish Sunni with significant Kurdish and Alevi minorities.

The city had a population of 150,714 in 2022, an increase from 86,779 in 2007.
Federman, Michigan
Federman was an unincorporated community in Monroe County, Michigan.  It was located where the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad and the Toledo, Ann Arbor and Northern Michigan Railroad intersected.  It was formed in 1884 and had a post office from 1899 until 1906.  It is now abandoned.

Monroe County, Michigan
Monroe County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 154,809. The largest city and county seat is Monroe. The county was established as the second county (after Wayne County) in the Michigan Territory in 1817 and was named for then-President James Monroe. Monroe County is coterminous with the Monroe metropolitan statistical area.
Narsinghpur railway station
Narsinghpur railway station  is a railway station serving Narsinghpur city, in Narsinghpur district of Madhya Pradesh State of India. It is under Jabalpur railway division of West Central Railway Zone of Indian Railways. It is located on Jabalpur–Itarsi main line of the Indian Railways. Passenger, Express and Superfast trains halt here.

West Central Railway zone
The West Central Railway (abbreviated WCR), one of the 19 zones of the Indian Railways, came into existence on 1 April 2003. It is headquartered at Jabalpur. It was created by taking away two divisions namely Bhopal division and Jabalpur division from central railways and one division namely Kota division from Western Railway zone. The WCR zone provides rail route coverage to the west central region of India. Most of its route is in the states of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan with a very little portion in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
Karuba, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Karuba is a village in Nord-Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. In September and October 2007, it was the scene of fighting between the forces of rebel general Laurent Nkunda and the army of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Congolese army claimed to be in control of Karuba as of October 10, 2007.

Laurent Nkunda
Laurent Nkunda Mihigo (born Laurent Nkundabatware; February 2, 1967) is a Congolese former military officer and warlord who operated in the North Kivu Province during the Kivu conflict.

Nkunda, who is a Congolese Tutsi, initially fought as a rebel fighter in the Rwandan Civil War alongside the forces of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) against the genocidal Hutu-led government in Rwanda. In 1996, he returned to the Congo and joined Laurent Kabila's AFDL forces during the First Congo War. However, he later rebelled against Kabila's government and joined the rebellion led by Rwandan-aligned rebels during the Second Congo War. Following the end of the Second Congo War, he was integrated into the Congolese Army in 2003 but would again later rebel against the government, marking the beginning of the Kivu conflict.

On January 22, 2009, he was put under house arrest in Gisenyi when he was called for a meeting to plan a joint operation between the Congolese and Rwandan militaries.
1911 Portuguese National Constituent Assembly election
National Constituent Assembly elections were held in Portugal on 28 May 1911 following a coup in October 1910. The result was a victory for the Portuguese Republican Party, which won 229 of the 234 seats.

Portuguese Republican Party
The Portuguese Republican Party (Portuguese: Partido Republicano Português, pronounced [pɐɾˈtiðu ʁɛpuβliˈkɐnu puɾtuˈɣeʃ]) was a Portuguese political party formed during the late years of the constitutional monarchy that proposed and later brought about the replacement of the monarchy with the Portuguese First Republic.

When the Republic was established on the 5 October 1910 Revolution, the members of the party initially stood together, but soon began splitting into different parties, including the Democratic Party, Republican Union, and Evolutionist Party, some of which themselves later merged or split to form the Democratic Leftwing Republican Party, Reformist Party, Centrist Republican Party, Popular Party, Radical Party, Republican Liberal Party, Liberal Republican Union, Reconstitution Party and Nationalist Republican Party.
Graham Barnett (priest)
Graham Roy Barnett (7 September 1885 – 26 October 1978) was a New Zealand Anglican priest who was Dean of Waikato from 1927 until 1932.

Barnett was born in 1885 in Tuamarina, New Zealand. educated at Marlborough Boys' College and the University of New Zealand; and ordained in 1912. After Curacies in Ross, Hokitika and St Mary's Church, Portsea he held incumbencies at Tolaga Bay, Te Kūiti, Waihi and Frankton before his time as Dean; and Brighton, Ifield and Thakeham afterwards. He served as Temporary Chaplain to the Forces (TCF) in WWI.

He died in Sussex, aged 93.

Tolaga Bay
Tolaga Bay (Māori: Ūawa) is both a bay and small town on the East Coast of New Zealand's North Island located 45 kilometres northeast of Gisborne and 30 kilometres south of Tokomaru Bay.

The region around the bay is rugged and remote, and for many years the only access to the town was by boat. Because the bay is shallow, a long wharf – the second longest in New Zealand (600m) after the Tiwai Point wharf at Bluff (1,500m) – was built in the 1920s to accommodate visiting vessels. The last cargo ship to use the wharf loaded a cargo of maize in 1967.

The town is a popular holiday spot. Its population is predominantly Māori, a centre of the Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti hapū and home of chief Te Kani-a-Takirau (died c. 1856) and tohunga Te Rangiuia (died 1850).
Eadaoin Ní Challarain
Eadaoin Ní Challarain (born 19 September 1975 in Spiddal) is an Irish slalom canoer who competed in two Olympic Games. She finished 18th in the K-1 event at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. Four years later in Athens she finished in 11th place in the same event. She also competed in Freestyle Kayaking.

Spiddal
Spiddal, also known as Spiddle (Irish and official name: An Spidéal, pronounced [ənˠ ˈsˠpʲɪdʲeːlˠ], meaning 'the hospital'), is a village on the shore of Galway Bay in County Galway, Ireland. It is 18 kilometres (11 mi) west of Galway city, on the R336 road. It is just east of the county's Gaeltacht (Irish-speaking area) which is in the Connemara region.

According to the 2022 census, approximately 75% of the population are Irish-speaking and, of these, approximately 40% speak Irish on a daily basis outside the education system. Spiddal is a centre for tourism with a beach, harbour, and shore fishing. The village is part of the civil parish of Moycullen.
Rupangarh River
The Rupangarh River is a river in Rajasthan, India. It originates from the Reserve Forest of Nag Pahad situated between Pushkar and Ajmer. The river flows through Salemabad and Jaipur before finally reaching the Sambhar Lake. Salemabad, the main seat of Nimbarka sect, is situated on the banks of this river.

Ajmer
Ajmer (pronounced [ədʒmeːr] ⓘ) is a city in the north-western Indian state of Rajasthan. It serves as the administrative headquarters of the Ajmer district and Ajmer division. It lies at the centre of Rajasthan, earning it the nickname the Heart of Rajasthan.

Ajmer is surrounded by the Aravalli Mountains.Ajmer has been a municipality since 1869. Ajmer has been selected as one of the heritage cities for the HRIDAY and Smart City Mission schemes of the Government of India.