hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alla breve
Alla breve [alla ˈbrɛːve] – also known as cut time or cut common time – is a musical meter notated by the time signature symbol  (a C) with a vertical line through it, which is the equivalent of 22, though it has been used to denote 42. The term is Italian for "on the breve", originally meaning that the beat was counted on the breve (double whole note).

Alla breve is a "simple-duple meter with a half-note pulse".  The note denomination that represents one beat is the minim or half-note.  There are two of these per bar, so that the time signature 22 may be interpreted as "two minim beats per bar". Alternatively this is read as two beats per measure, where the half note gets the beat.

The name "common time" refers to 44, which has four beats to the bar, each of a quarter note (or crotchet).

Quarter note
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A quarter note (AmE) or crotchet (BrE) (/ˈkrɒtʃɪt/) is a musical note played for one quarter of the duration of a whole note (or semibreve). Quarter notes are notated with a filled-in oval note head and a straight, flagless stem. The stem usually points upwards if it is below the middle line of the staff, and downwards if it is on or above the middle line. An upward stem is placed on the right side of the notehead, a downward stem is placed on the left (see image). The Unicode symbol is U+2669 (♩).

A quarter rest (or crotchet rest) denotes a silence of the same duration as a quarter note or crotchet. It is notated with the symbol . In some older music it was notated with symbol .
Gioas (Mayr)
Innalzamento al trono del giovane re Gioas is an oratorio by Simon Mayr premiered in Florence in 1823. The anonymous libretto is unrelated to the two dozen other oratorios of the name Gioas, all of them based on the 1735 libretto Gioas re di Giuda by Metastasio.

Musically the oratorio is a reworking of Mayr's own opera I misteri eleusini (La Scala, 1802), an opera loosely based on the Eleusinian Mysteries, which Stendhal had praised as one of the strongest operas of the age. Mayr's opera had come to Florence in 1806, and it was for the Florentine Confraternita degli Scolopi or Piarists that Mayr reworked it as an oratorio in 1823.

Pietro Metastasio
Pietro Antonio Domenico Trapassi (3 January 1698 – 12 April 1782), better known by his pseudonym of Pietro Metastasio (Italian pronunciation: [ˈpjɛːtro metaˈstaːzjo]), was an Italian poet and librettist, considered the most important writer of opera seria libretti.
Thrumster, New South Wales
Thrumster is a suburb of Port Macquarie, a town in New South Wales. The suburb recorded a population of 2,382 at the 2021 census.

Thrumster is home to the Port Macquarie Service Centre (locally known as "The Donut"), located on the Oxley Highway. Suburban development has occurred in the area since the 2000s with the construction of the Sovereign Hills housing estate beginning in 2008.

While Port Macquarie itself is known for its large koala population, Thrumster is known to have a particularly high koala population, even by Port Macquarie standards.

Oxley Highway
Oxley Highway is a rural highway in New South Wales, Australia, linking Nevertire, Gilgandra, Coonabarabran, Tamworth, and Walcha to Port Macquarie, on the coast of the Tasman Sea. It was named to commemorate John Oxley, the first European to explore much of inland New South Wales in 1818.
Karwice, Drawsko County
Karwice [karˈvit͡sɛ] (German: Karwitz) is a hamlet in the administrative district of Gmina Drawsko Pomorskie, within Drawsko County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) south-east of Drawsko Pomorskie and 86 km (53 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The hamlet has a population of roughly 20.

Drawsko Pomorskie
Drawsko Pomorskie [ˈdrafskɔ pɔˈmɔrskʲɛ] (until 1948 Polish: Drawsko; German: Dramburg) is a town in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northwestern Poland. It is the administrative seat of Drawsko County and the urban-rural commune of Gmina Drawsko Pomorskie. As of December 2021, the town has a population of 11,292. It is home to the Drawsko Training Ground, one of the largest training areas in Poland.
FC Hertha Wiesbach
The FC Hertha Wiesbach is a German association football club from the Wiesenbach suburb of Eppelborn, Saarland.

The club's greatest success has been to earn promotion to the tier five Oberliga Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar in 2013.

Eppelborn
Eppelborn (German pronunciation: [ˈɛpl̩bɔʁn]; Saarländisch: Ebbelborn or Ebbelborre) is a municipality in the district of Neunkirchen, in Saarland, Germany. The municipality encompasses 7 villages: Eppelborn, Wiesbach, Dirmingen, Humes, Habach, Hierscheid, Bubach-Calmesweiler und Macherbach.

It is situated approximately 20 km north of Saarbrücken.
Pralay (missile)
Pralay (lit. 'Apocalypse') is a canisterised surface-to-surface, short-range, tactical ballistic missile, developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation. It uses a combination of technologies created for the Prahaar tactical missile, and the exoatmospheric interceptor Prithvi Defence Vehicle. The project to develop Pralay was sanctioned in March 2015 with a budget of ₹332.88 crore (equivalent to ₹502 crore or US$59 million in 2023) and became ready for induction in 2022.

Pralay will become a part of the Integrated Rocket Force along with Nirbhay, BrahMos, and Pinaka.

Exosphere
The exosphere (/ˈɛksoʊsfɪər, ˈɛɡzoʊ-/; from Ancient Greek  ἔξω (éxō) 'outer, outside' and  -sphere) is a thin, atmosphere-like volume surrounding a planet or natural satellite where molecules are gravitationally bound to that body, but where the density is so low that the molecules are essentially collision-less. In the case of bodies with substantial atmospheres, such as Earth's atmosphere, the exosphere is the uppermost layer, where the atmosphere thins out and merges with outer space. It is located directly above the thermosphere. Very little is known about it due to a lack of research. Mercury, the Moon, Ceres, Europa, and Ganymede have surface boundary exospheres, which are exospheres without a denser atmosphere underneath. The Earth's exosphere is mostly hydrogen and helium, with some heavier atoms and molecules near the base.
Fuest
Fuest is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Clemens Fuest (born 1968), German economist

Irmgard Fuest (1903–1980), German politician and lawyer

Robert Fuest (1927–2012), English film director, screenwriter, and production designer

Clemens Fuest
Clemens Fuest (born 23 August 1968) is a German economist who has been President of the Ifo Institute for Economic Research and director of the Center for Economic Studies at the University of Munich (LMU) since 2016.
2005 Shropshire County Council election
The 2005 elections to Shropshire County Council (the final elections to the county council, before Shropshire became a unitary authority in 2009) took place on 5 May 2005, alongside the 2005 general election across the entire United Kingdom.

48 councillors were elected from 46 electoral divisions. The Conservatives had 6 net gains and took control of the council, which had previously been no overall control, with a majority of just 2. The Liberal Democrats also gained seats, whilst Labour lost seats, resulting in the Liberal Democrats becoming the second party. Three independent candidates were elected as councillors.

Boundary changes had occurred since the 2001 elections; the number of seats increased from 44 to 48.

Unitary authority
A unitary authority is a type of local authority in New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Unitary authorities are responsible for all local government functions within their areas, or perform additional functions that elsewhere are usually performed by multiple tiers of local government.

Typically, unitary authorities cover towns or cities that are large enough to function independently of a council or other authority. An authority can be a unit of a county or combined authority.
Colton antigen system
The Colton antigen system (Co) is present on the membranes of red blood cells and in the tubules of the kidney and helps determine a person's blood type. The Co antigen is found on a protein called aquaporin-1 which is responsible for water homeostasis and urine concentration.

The Co antigen is important in transfusion medicine. 99.8% of people possess the Co(a) allele. Individuals with Co(b) allele or who are missing the Colton antigen are at risk for a transfusion reaction such as hemolytic anemia or alloimmunization. Antibodies against the Colton antigen may also cause hemolytic disease of the newborn, in which a pregnant woman's body creates antibodies against the blood of her fetus, leading to destruction of the fetal blood cells.

Hemolytic anemia
Hemolytic anemia or haemolytic anaemia is a form of anemia due to hemolysis, the abnormal breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs), either in the blood vessels (intravascular hemolysis) or elsewhere in the human body (extravascular). This most commonly occurs within the spleen, but also can occur in the reticuloendothelial system or mechanically (prosthetic valve damage). Hemolytic anemia accounts for 5% of all existing anemias. It has numerous possible consequences, ranging from general symptoms to life-threatening systemic effects. The general classification of hemolytic anemia is either intrinsic or extrinsic. Treatment depends on the type and cause of the hemolytic anemia.

Symptoms of hemolytic anemia are similar to other forms of anemia (fatigue and shortness of breath), but in addition, the breakdown of red cells leads to jaundice and increases the risk of particular long-term complications, such as gallstones and pulmonary hypertension.
Mandalgovi
Mandalgovi (Mongolian: Мандалговь; ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯᠭᠣᠪᠢ; also Mandalgov' or Mandalgobi) is the capital of the Dundgovi Province of Mongolia, about 300 km south of Ulaanbaatar on the border of the Gobi Desert. It has 10,506 inhabitants (2005), 10,299 (2007). The city administrative unit's official name is Saintsagaan sum.

Gobi Desert
The Gobi Desert is a large, cold desert and grassland region in southern Mongolia and North China. It is the sixth-largest desert in the world.

The name of the desert comes from the Mongolian word gobi, used to refer to all of the waterless regions in the Mongolian Plateau; in Chinese, gobi is used to refer to rocky, semi-deserts such as the Gobi itself rather than sandy deserts.
Qi-Man Shao
Qi-Man Shao (Chinese: 邵启满; born 1962) is a Chinese probabilist and statistician mostly known for his contributions to asymptotic theory in probability and statistics. He is currently a Chair Professor of Statistics and Data Science at the Southern University of Science and Technology.

Institute of Mathematical Statistics
The Institute of Mathematical Statistics (IMS) is an international professional and scholarly society devoted to the development, dissemination, and application of statistics and probability. The Institute currently has about 4,000 members in all parts of the world. Beginning in 2005, the institute started offering joint membership with the Bernoulli Society for Mathematical Statistics and Probability as well as with the International Statistical Institute. The Institute was founded in 1935 with Harry C. Carver and Henry L. Rietz as its two most important supporters. The institute publishes a variety of journals, and holds several international conference every year.
Kohli railway station
Kohli railway station is a railway station of Bhopal–Nagpur section under Nagpur CR railway division of West Central Railway zone of Indian Railways. The station is situated beside State Highway 250, Yelkapar at Kalmeshwar taluka in Nagpur district in the Indian state of Maharashtra.

State Highway 250 (Maharashtra)
Maharashtra State Highway 200 (MH SH 200) is a normal state highway that starts from Bazargaon at the junction of NH-6 and ends at Maharashtra–Madhya Pradesh border near Kelwad Village. The portion of this highway from Saoner to the Maharashtra-Madhya Pradesh border near Kelwad is common with NH-26B
The Bookworm (Spitzweg)
The Bookworm (German: Der Bücherwurm) is an oil-on-canvas painting by the German painter and poet Carl Spitzweg. The picture was made c. 1850 and is typical of Spitzweg's humorous, anecdotal style and it is characteristic of Biedermeier art in general. The painting is representative of the introspective and conservative mood in Europe during the period between the end of the Napoleonic Wars and the revolutions of 1848, but at the same time pokes fun at those attitudes by embodying them in the fusty old scholar unconcerned with the affairs of the mundane world.

Bookworm
A bookworm or bibliophile is an individual who loves and frequently reads or collects books. Bibliophilia or bibliophilism is the love of books.

Bibliophiles may have large, specialized book collections. They may highly value old editions, autographed copies, or illustrated versions. Bibliophilia is distinct from bibliomania, a compulsive obsession to collect books which can affect interpersonal relationships or health. The term "bibliophile" has been in use since 1820 and has been associated with historical figures like Lord Spencer and J.P. Morgan, who were known for their extensive book collections.
M. N. Nambiar
Mannjheri Narayanan Nambiar (7 March 1919 – 19 November 2008) was an Indian actor who predominantly worked in Tamil cinema, renowned for his portrayals of villainous characters. With a career spanning over eight decades, he became a notable figure in the industry. Nambiar also appeared in a few Malayalam, Telugu, English and Hindi films during his career.

He appeared in many MGR  movies as a villain. Some of the famous ones include Enga Veettu Pillai, Aayirathil Oruvan, Nadodi Mannan, Naalai Namadhe, Padagotti, Thirudathe, En Annan, Kaavalkaaran and Kudiyirundha Koyil.

En Annan
En Annan (transl. My Elder Brother), is a 1970 Indian Tamil-language crime thriller film, directed by P. Neelakantan, starring M. G. Ramachandran and Jayalalithaa. It is a remake of the Telugu film Poola Rangadu (1967), which itself was loosely based on A. J. Cronin's novel, Beyond This Place. The film was released on 21 May 1970, and ran 100 days in theatres.
William Walmsley (politician)
William Arthur Walmsley (2 December 1892 – 18 January 1978) was an Australian politician.

He was born at Foxground near Kiama to dairy farmer William Arthur Walmsley and Mary Jane Williams. He was educated at Eltham and Lismore. On 14 December 1921 he married Adelaide Helena Frith, with whom he had two daughters. He was a director and later managing director of the Car Owners' Mutual Insurance Company in Lismore, and was also a dairy farmer. He served on Lismore City Council from 1947 to 1957, and from 1952 to 1964 was a Country Party member of the New South Wales Legislative Council. Walmsley died in 1978.

City of Lismore
The City of Lismore is a local government area in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia. The seat of the local government area is Lismore, a major regional centre of the state.

The mayor of Lismore City Council since December 2021 is Steve Krieg.
679 Pax
679 Pax is a minor planet orbiting the Sun that was discovered by German astronomer August Kopff on January 28, 1909. It is named after Pax, a Roman goddess. It is orbiting the Sun with a period of 4.16 years and an eccentricity of 0.31.

Measurements using the adaptive optics at the W. M. Keck Observatory give a mean diameter of 62 km. This is 16% larger than the diameter estimated using the IRAS observatory. The asteroid is elongated with a size ratio of 1.66 ± 0.23 between the major and minor axes. Photometric measurements reported in 1982 gave a rotation period of 8.452 hours. The asteroid's pole of rotation lies 32° away from the plane of the ecliptic.

Polarimetric study of this asteroid reveals anomalous properties that suggests the regolith consists of a mixture of low and high albedo material. This may have been caused by fragmentation of an asteroid substrate with the spectral properties of CO3/CV3 carbonaceous chondrites.

Regolith
Regolith (/ˈrɛɡəlɪθ/) is a blanket of unconsolidated, loose, heterogeneous superficial deposits covering solid rock. It includes dust, broken rocks, and other related materials and is present on Earth, the Moon, Mars, some asteroids, and other terrestrial planets and moons.
On the Money
On the Money is the name of several finance- and business-focused television series:

On the Money (2005 TV program), an American daily personal finance television program airing from 2005–2009 on CNBC

On the Money (2013 TV program), formerly The Wall Street Journal Report, an American weekly business television program airing from 2013–2019 on CNBC and in broadcast syndication

On the Money (Canadian TV program), a Canadian daily finance and business television program airing from 2016–2018 on CBC News Network

On the Money (Philippine TV program), a Filipino daily business finance television program airing from July 30, 2012 on ANC

On the Money (2013 TV program)
On the Money, formerly The Wall Street Journal Report, is an American syndicated weekly television program airing on weekends, and on Sunday evenings on CNBC. The program is hosted by Becky Quick. Political, business, and economic figures are interviewed on the program; guests have included Henry Paulson and Colin Powell.
Parbatsar City railway station
Parbatsar City railway station is a railway station in Nagaur district, Rajasthan. Its code is PBC. It serves Parbatsar town. The station consists of a single platform. Passenger trains start from here for Makrana.
Notable individuals who have disembarked at this location include Ashok Kumar, Shekhar Kapur, and Devika Rani.

Nagaur district
Nagaur district is one of the 41 districts of the state of Rajasthan in western India. Panchayati Raj was introduced here. It is the fifth largest district in Rajasthan and the area of the district is 17,718 km2 (6,841 sq mi). The city of Nagaur is the district headquarters. Nagaur district is located in central region of Rajasthan.
Albany and Schenectady Railroad
The Mohawk and Hudson Railroad was the first railroad built in the state of New York and one of the first railroads in the United States. It was so-named because it linked the Mohawk River at Schenectady with the Hudson River at Albany. It was conceived as a means of allowing Erie Canal passengers to quickly bypass the circuitous Cohoes Falls via steam powered trains.

The railroad was incorporated in 1826 and opened for public service in 1831.  On April 19, 1847, the company name was changed to the Albany and Schenectady Railroad. The railroad was consolidated with nine other railroads in 1853 to form the first New York Central Railroad.

Mohawk River
The Mohawk River is a 149-mile-long (240 km) river in the U.S. state of New York. It is the largest tributary of the Hudson River, flowing into it in Cohoes, a few miles north of the state capital of Albany. The river is named for the Mohawk Nation of the Iroquois Confederacy. A significant portion of the river's valley served as the path of the Erie Canal, key to developing both New York state and the Great Lakes area.  The Mohawk's largest tributary, the Schoharie Creek, accounts for over one quarter (26.83%) of the river's watershed, with West Canada Creek contributing another 16.33% of total.
LGBTQ rights in Mauritania
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people in Mauritania face severe legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBTQ residents. Both male and female kinds of same-sex sexual activity are illegal in Mauritania. Openly homosexual Muslim men face stoning to death, though there have been no known cases of executions caused by homosexuality charges in the country; whereas women who have sex with women face prison.

Men who have sex with men
Men who have sex with men (MSM) are men who engage in sexual activity with other men, regardless of their sexual orientation or sexual identity. The term was created by epidemiologists in the 1990s, to better study and communicate the spread of sexually transmitted infections such as HIV/AIDS between all sexually active males, not strictly those identifying as gay, bisexual, pansexual or various other sexualities, but also for example male prostitutes. The term is often used in medical literature and social research to describe such men as a group. It does not describe any specific kind of sexual activity, and which activities are covered by the term depends on context. The alternative term "males who have sex with males" is sometimes considered more accurate in cases where those described may not be legal adults.
Perfect Pie
Perfect Pie is a play written by Judith Thompson, and first staged at Toronto's Tarragon Theatre in 2000, with Judith Thompson also directing.

The assistant director for the original production was Caroline Azar. The original cast starred Nancy Palk (Patsy), Tara Rosling (Young Patsy), Sonja Smits (Francesca), and Liisa Repo-Martell (Marie - Francesca's original name). Music for the production was composed and performed by Bill Thompson.

The story concerns the childhoods of Patsy and Marie and the impact it had on their later lives. Much of the dialogue is centered on their prom night when Marie was abused by more than one boy. The play deals with a number of complex themes, such as child abuse and rape.

The play was originally written as a monologue in 1993. It was published in book form by Playwrights Canada Press on September 1, 2000.

Sonja Smits
Sonja Smits (born September 8, 1958) is a Canadian actress. She was nominated for two Genie Awards: for Videodrome (1983) and That's My Baby! (1984). On television, she starred in Street Legal and Traders.
Jacqueline Roque
Jacqueline Picasso or Jacqueline Roque (24 February 1926 – 15 October 1986) was the muse and second wife of Pablo Picasso. Their marriage lasted 12 years until his death, during which time he created over 400 portraits of her, more than any of Picasso's other lovers.

Golfe-Juan
Golfe-Juan (French pronunciation: [ɡɔlf ʒɥɑ̃]; Occitan: Lo Gorg Joan, Lo Golfe Joan) is a seaside resort on France's Côte d'Azur. The distinct local character of Golfe-Juan is indicated by the existence of a demonym, "Golfe-Juanais", which is applied to its inhabitants.
Crofton Baronets of The Mote (first creation, 1661)
The Crofton Baronetcy, of The Mote in County Roscommon, was created in the Baronetage of Ireland on 1 July 1661 for Edward Crofton, as a reward for his record of loyalty to King Charles II during the English Civil War. He sat in the Irish House of Commons as member for Lanesborough, and served as High Sheriff of Roscommon and High Sheriff of Leitrim. He was succeeded in the title by his son Edward, the second Baronet, who sat in the Irish House of Commons as member first for Boyle, and subsequently for Roscommon, and was a member of the Privy Council of Ireland in 1713–14. He was a prominent opponent of King James II of England, and was attainted by the Patriot Parliament of 1689, but recovered his estates the following year. His eldest son, the third baronet, also represented Roscommon in the House of Commons. The title became extinct on the death of the fifth Baronet in 1780.

Irish House of Commons
The Irish House of Commons (Irish: Teach na gComóntach, Teach na dTeachtaí) was the lower house of the Parliament of Ireland that existed from 1297 until the end of 1800. The upper house was the House of Lords. The membership of the House of Commons was directly elected, but on a highly restrictive franchise, similar to the unreformed House of Commons in contemporary Great Britain. Catholics were disqualified from sitting in the Irish parliament from 1691, even though they comprised the vast majority of the Irish population.

The Irish executive, known as the Dublin Castle administration, under the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, was not answerable to the House of Commons but to the British government. However, the Chief Secretary for Ireland was usually a member of the Irish parliament. In the Commons, business was presided over by the Speaker.

From 1 January 1801, it ceased to exist and was succeeded by the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.