hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Log transformation (statistics)
In statistics, the log transformation is the application of the logarithmic function to each point in a data set—that is, each data point zi is replaced with the transformed value yi = log(zi). The log transform is usually applied so that the data, after transformation, appear to more closely meet the assumptions of a statistical inference procedure that is to be applied, or to improve the interpretability or appearance of graphs.

The log transform is invertible, continuous, and monotonic. The transformation is usually applied to a collection of comparable measurements. For example, if we are working with data on peoples' incomes in some currency unit, it would be common to transform each person's income value by the logarithm function.

Monotonic function
In mathematics, a monotonic function (or monotone function) is a function between ordered sets that preserves or reverses the given order. This concept first arose in calculus, and was later generalized to the more abstract setting of order theory.
Ficulea (ancient Latin town)
Ficulea was an ancient town in Latium in central Italy.

In Rome's early semi-legendary history, the town was part of the Latin League, which went to war with Rome during the reign of Rome's king Lucius Tarquinius Priscus.  Ficulea was one of a number of towns captured by Tarquinius.

Archeological excavations near Ficulea can be documented at least as far back as 1824. In 1856–1857 the Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda Fide carried out archeologically successful excavations there.

Livy calls it Ficulea Vetus. Two important facts only are related of the early history of this city. It was taken by Tarquinius Priscus in 614 B.C., and it joined the Gauls before the battle of Allia. ... In the fifth century the two towns of Nomentum and Ficulea were united into one parish, so that they must have become insignificant by this time. ...

Latin League
The Latin League (c. 8th century – 338 BC) was an ancient confederation of about 30 villages and tribes in the region of Latium near the ancient city of Rome, organized for mutual defense by the Italic tribes of the Latins. The term "Latin League" is one coined by modern historians with no precise Latin equivalent.
Bab al-Sheikh
Bab al-Sheikh (Arabic: بَاب ٱلشَّيْخ, romanized: The Gate of the Sheikh) is an old historical large neighborhood in the Rusafa side of Baghdad, Iraq. It is notable for being the location of the Hadhrat al-Qadiriyya which contains the tomb of Sufi Sheikh Abd al-Qadir al-Gilani, founder of the Qadiriyya Order. The area is contains many Sufi monasteries, tombs, smaller neighborhoods, and mosques.

Bab al-Sheikh is located southeast of the Rusafa side of Baghdad, and has historically been a significant site for religious, community, and cultural activity. Due to this, the area gained a reputation for having a collective cultural memory, as well as being the center of the Sufi Qadiriyya Order that spread in the Islamic world as far back as the Abbasid Caliphate.

Sufi lodge
A Sufi lodge is a building designed specifically for gatherings of a Sufi brotherhood or tariqa and is a place for spiritual practice and religious education. They include structures also known as khānaqāh, zāwiya, ribāṭ, dargāh and takya depending on the region, language and period (see § Terminology). In Shia Islam, the Husayniyya has a similar function.

The Sufi lodge is typically a large structure with a central hall and smaller rooms on either side. Traditionally, the Sufi lodge was state-sponsored housing for Sufis. Their primary function is to provide them with a space to practice social lives of asceticism. Buildings intended for public services, such as hospitals, kitchens, and lodging, are often attached to them. Sufi lodges were funded by Ayyubid sultans in Syria, Zangid sultans in Egypt, and Delhi sultans in India in return for Sufi support of their regimes.
Storming of the Legislative Council Complex
On 1 July 2019, anti-government protesters in Hong Kong sieged, broke into, and subsequently occupied the Legislative Council Complex during the campaign to halt the enactment of the Fugitive Offenders amendment bill. Hundreds of protesters broke through the glass walls and metal doors and entered the building, then ransacked and vandalised the interior with anti-government and anti-PRC slogans. The storming is considered a watershed event in the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests; it was the most violent episode in their initial stage. Nine days later, on 9 July, the Chief Executive, Carrie Lam, announced that the extradition bill was "dead".

Legislative Council Complex
The Legislative Council Complex (LegCo Complex) is the seat of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. The complex plays a central role in the legislative process of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), and it has been a focal point for political events and public demonstrations.

The complex is located at 1 Legislative Council Road, Central, Hong Kong and forms part of the Central Government Complex. It sits facing Victoria Harbour. Officially opened in September 2011, it was the first purpose-built building for the Hong Kong legislature, replacing the former Supreme Court Building.
Lovelite (band)
Lovelite is an American Christian music pop rock worship band from Southern California, where they play a version of Christian rock, CCM, indie rock, and synthpop music. Their two main members are husband-and-wife, Andrew and Jen Polfer. They have released four extended plays and three studio albums, mostly with Come&Live! Records, where they got attention for In Three Persons.

Christian music
Christian music is a genre of music that has been written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life and faith. Common themes of Christian music include praise, worship, penitence, and lament, and its forms vary widely around the world. Church music, hymnals, gospel, and worship music are a part of Christian media and also include contemporary Christian music which itself supports numerous Christian styles of music, including hip hop, rock, contemporary worship, and urban contemporary gospel.

Like other forms of music the creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of Christian music varies according to culture and social context. Christian music can serve various functions, such as ceremonial, educational, aesthetical, or for entertainment purposes.
Mama Don't Forget to Pray for Me
"Mama Don't Forget to Pray for Me" is a song written by Larry Cordle and Larry Shell, and recorded by American country music group Diamond Rio.  It was released in November 1991 as the third single from their self-titled album.  It peaked at number 9 in both the United States and Canada.

Diamond Rio (album)
Diamond Rio is the self-titled debut studio album by American country music band Diamond Rio. Released in 1991 on Arista Records, it produced five chart singles on the Billboard country music charts: the Number One hit "Meet in the Middle", as well as the Top Ten hits "Mirror, Mirror", "Mama Don't Forget to Pray for Me", "Norma Jean Riley" and "Nowhere Bound". The album received a RIAA platinum certification.
Ivonne Goderich
Ivonne del Rosario Goderich Gonzalez, better known as Ivonne Goderich (born 7 October, 1952) is a Puerto Rican actress, show host and playwright. Goderich is considered, along with Sully Diaz, Von Marie Mendez, Millie Aviles and Giselle Blondet, as one of the five queens of the telenovela genre in Puerto Rico during the 1980s. Of the five, Goderich was the only one who worked for Canal 4 at the time, as the other four worked for Canal 2 instead.

WAPA-TV
WAPA-TV (channel 4) is a Spanish-language independent television station in San Juan, Puerto Rico. It is the flagship and namesake station of Guaynabo-based WAPA Media Group.

WAPA-TV maintains studio facilities on Luis Vigoreaux Avenue in Guaynabo; its transmitter is located on the WKAQ-TV (channel 2) transmission tower at Cerro La Santa in Cayey near the Carite State Forest. WAPA-TV is the most watched television station in Puerto Rico.

The station's signal is relayed across Puerto Rico through two full-power satellite stations: WTIN-TV (digital channel 14, virtual channel 4) in Ponce and WNJX-TV (digital channel 31, virtual channel 4) in Mayagüez. WTIN-TV also broadcasts two subchannels simulcast from WKAQ-TV, including its Telemundo programming, using virtual channels 2.11 and 2.21.
2004 North Carolina's 1st congressional district special election
The 2004 United States House of Representatives special election in North Carolina's 1st congressional district was held on July 20, 2004, to select the successor to Frank Ballance (D) who resigned due to health concerns and ongoing investigations which would ultimately culminate in criminal convictions on charges of committing money laundering and mail fraud. The election was won by a wide margin by former State Supreme Court Associate Justice G. K. Butterfield.

Republicans did not seriously contest this election given the strong Democratic tilt of the district, which has not elected a Republican to the United States House of Representatives since Reconstruction nor been represented by a moderate to conservative Representative since 1992 when Walter B. Jones, Sr. (D), the father of former 3rd District Representative Walter B. Jones, Jr. (R) died.

Walter B. Jones Sr.
Walter Beaman Jones Sr. (August 19, 1913 – September 15, 1992), was an American Democratic politician from the state of North Carolina who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1966 until his death from natural causes in Norfolk, Virginia, in 1992.
Craigville, Minnesota
Craigville is an unincorporated community in Koochiching County, Minnesota, United States; it is located within the Koochiching State Forest.

The community is located four miles north of Effie, along County Road 5.  The boundary line between Itasca and Koochiching counties is nearby.

Craigville is located within South Koochiching Unorganized Territory.  The Big Fork River flows through the community.

Craigville is also located 36 miles east of Northome.  Craigville is 67 miles south of International Falls; and 55 miles west of Cook.

International Falls, Minnesota
International Falls (sometimes referred to as I-Falls) is a city in and the county seat of Koochiching County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 5,802 at the time of the 2020 census.

International Falls is located on the Rainy River directly across from Fort Frances, Ontario, Canada. The two cities are connected by the Fort Frances–International Falls International Bridge. Voyageurs National Park is located 11 miles east of International Falls. There is a major U.S. Customs and Border Protection Port of Entry on the International Falls side of the toll bridge and a Canadian Customs entry point on the north side of the bridge.

International Falls is nicknamed the "Icebox of the Nation", with an average of 109.4 days per year with a high temperature below 32 °F (0 °C).
Kleercut
Kleercut is the name of a former campaign conducted by Greenpeace, the Natural Resources Defense Council, and others towards Kimberly-Clark. It lasted from 2004 to 2009.  Kimberly-Clark is the world’s largest manufacturer of tissue products, most notably the Kleenex brand. According to its annual environmental report, the company purchases over 3.1 million metric tonnes (3.4 million tons) of virgin fiber from logging companies annually. The Kleercut campaign claims that this fiber is derived from wood pulp from old growth forests. Kimberly-Clark claims that the forests in question are largely cut for timber. The Kleercut campaign claims that Kimberly-Clark support the clearcutting of such forests in Canada and the United States, including forests habitat for wolverine and threatened wildlife the woodland caribou. Kimberly-Clark has responded that many of its supplies are certified by the Sustainable Forestry Initiative or the Canadian Standards Association.

Kimberly-Clark
Kimberly-Clark Corporation is an American multinational consumer goods and personal care corporation that produces mostly paper-based consumer products. The company manufactures sanitary paper products and surgical & medical instruments. Kimberly-Clark brand name products include Kleenex facial tissue, Kotex feminine hygiene products, Cottonelle, Scott and Andrex toilet paper, Wypall utility wipes, KimWipes scientific cleaning wipes and Huggies disposable diapers and baby wipes.

Founded in Neenah, Wisconsin, in 1872 and based in the Las Colinas section of Irving, Texas, since 1985, the company operated its own paper mills around the world for decades, but closed the last of those in 2012. With recent annual revenues topping $18 billion per year, Kimberly-Clark is regularly listed among the Fortune 500. As of March 2020, the company had approximately 40,000 employees.
Nerida Ellerton
Nerida Fay Ellerton (née Gersch, born 1942) is an Australian mathematics educator and historian of mathematics. She is professor of mathematics education at Illinois State University. As well as studying the present state of mathematics education, she and her husband McKenzie A. (Ken) Clements have researched the history of mathematics education, in the process discovering school worksheets in the Harvard Library that are among the oldest known writings of Abraham Lincoln.

Illinois State University
Illinois State University (ISU) is a public research university in Normal, Illinois, United States. It was founded in 1857 as Illinois State Normal University and is the oldest public university in Illinois. It operates additional facilities in its twin city, Bloomington, and in Springfield.

The university emphasizes teaching and is recognized as one of the top ten largest producers of teachers in the US according to the American Association of Colleges of Teacher Education. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". The university's athletic teams are members of the Missouri Valley Conference and the Missouri Valley Football Conference and are known as the "Redbirds," in reference to the state bird, the cardinal.
Phlaeothripidae
Phlaeothripidae is a family of thrips with hundreds of genera. They are the only extant family of the suborder Tubulifera, alongside the extinct family Rohrthripidae and are themselves ordered into two subfamilies, the Idolothripinae with 80 genera, and the Phlaeothripinae with almost 400. Some 3,400 species are recognised in this family, and many are fungivores living in the tropics.

Thrips from this family are fairly common, and are generally larger than those in the suborder Terebrantia (containing all other thrips). Idolothrips marginatus can attain a body length of up to 14 mm. The group is distinguished by having the last abdominal segment modified into a tube-like structure – hence the suborder's name, which means "tube-bearers".

Fungivore
Fungivory or mycophagy is the process of organisms consuming fungi. Many different organisms have been recorded to gain their energy from consuming fungi, including birds, mammals, insects, plants, amoebas, gastropods, nematodes, bacteria and other fungi. Some of these, which only eat fungi, are called fungivores whereas others eat fungi as only part of their diet, being omnivores.
Villalba de Guardo
Villalba de Guardo is a municipality located in the province of Palencia, Castile and León, Spain. It is situated on the banks of the Carrión River. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 228.

Province of Palencia
Palencia is a province of northern Spain, in the northern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León in the north of the Iberian Peninsula. It is bordered by the provinces of León, Cantabria, Burgos, and Valladolid.
Goettel Escarpment
Goettel Escarpment (70°14′S 66°55′W﻿ / ﻿70.233°S 66.917°W﻿ / -70.233; -66.917) is a prominent escarpment buttressing the Dyer Plateau located 5 nautical miles (9 km) north of Orion Massif and near the head of Chapman Glacier in Palmer Land.

It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Captain Frederick A. Goettel, U.S. Coast Guard, Commanding Officer of USCGC Westwind (WAGB-281), in support of construction of the new Palmer Station, during Operation Deep Freeze, 1967.

Palmer Land
Palmer Land (71°30′S 065°00′W﻿ / ﻿71.500°S 65.000°W﻿ / -71.500; -65.000) is the portion of the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica that lies south of a line joining Cape Jeremy and Cape Agassiz. This application of Palmer Land is consistent with the 1964 agreement between the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names and the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee, in which the name Antarctic Peninsula was approved for the major peninsula of Antarctica, and the names Graham Land and Palmer Land for the northern and southern portions, respectively.  The line dividing them is roughly 69° S.
LightOS
LightOS is a proprietary mobile operating system developed by Light for its minimalist Light Phone series of mobile phones, including the Light Phone II and Light Phone III. It is an Android-based platform (forked from Android 8.1 Oreo) that uses a custom interface built with React Native. LightOS was developed in collaboration with the design agency Sanctuary Computer Inc., which joined Light in early 2018 to create the phone’s software stack. According to its developers, LightOS is the first operating system to embed a React Native application as the core UI launcher. The system is intentionally streamlined and designed to be used "as little as possible", providing only basic tools and eschewing the expansive app ecosystems of standard smartphones.

Fork (software development)
In software development, a fork is a codebase that is created by duplicating an existing codebase and, generally, is subsequently modified independently of the original. Software built from a fork initially has identical behavior as software built from the original code, but as the source code is increasingly modified, the resulting software tends to have increasingly different behavior compared to the original. A fork is a form of branching, but generally involves storing the forked files separately from the original – not in the repository. Reasons for forking a codebase include user preference, stagnated or discontinued development of the original software or a schism in the developer community. Forking proprietary software (such as Unix) is prohibited by copyright law without explicit permission, but free and open-source software, by definition, may be forked without permission.
Albert Pobor
Albert Pobor (29 May 1956 – 3 March 2022) was a Croatian football player and manager.

As a player, he won the 1988 Marshal Tito Cup with Borac Banja Luka.

He worked as a scout and youth coach at Dinamo Zagreb from February 2018 to the end of August 2021.

He died on 3 March 2022, at the age of 65.

FK Borac Banja Luka
Fudbalski klub Borac Banja Luka (Serbian Cyrillic: Фудбалски клуб Бopaц Бања Лука, pronounced [bǒːrat͡s]) is a Bosnian professional football club, based in the city of Banja Luka, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and is the main part of the Borac Banja Luka Sports Society. Borac Banja Luka is one of the most popular football clubs in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The name Borac means "Fighter".

Currently, Borac is a part of the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina and plays its home matches at the Banja Luka City Stadium, which has a capacity of 10,030 seats.
Stratford Toney Down
Stratford Toney Down (grid reference SU095246) is a 23.1 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Wiltshire, England, which was notified in 1987. The site lies in a shallow dry valled in the south of Stratford Tony parish, about 5 miles (7.5 km) south-west of Salisbury. It is important for the botanically rich chalk grassland – mainly sheep's fescue and meadow oat-grass – which supports several nationally rare plant and butterfly species.

Helictochloa pratensis
Helictochloa pratensis, known as meadow oat-grass, is a species of perennial flowering plant in the grass family Poaceae, found in temperate parts of Europe and Asia. Its culms are erect and 30–85 cm long; leaves are mostly basal. It is restricted to shallow, calcareous soils such as those formed on chalk and limestone substrates.
2011 Nigerian Senate elections in Taraba State
The 2011 Nigerian Senate election in Taraba State was held on April 9, 2011, to elect members of the Nigerian Senate to represent Taraba State. Emmanuel Bwacha representing Taraba South, Abubakar Umar Tutare representing Taraba Central and Aisha Alhassan representing Taraba North all won on the platform of Peoples Democratic Party.

Taraba State
TarabaListenⓘ  is a state in north-eastern Nigeria, named after the Taraba River, which traverses the southern part of the state. It is nicknamed "Nature's Gift to the Nation". The state capital is Jalingo. It is home to a diverse population including about 80 distinct ethnicities and their languages.
Mom Hid My Game!
Mom Hid My Game! , originally released in English as Hidden my game by mom, is a 2016 puzzle video game developed and published by hap inc. for iOS and Android and later localized and published by Kemco for the Nintendo 3DS and Nintendo Switch in 2017. Later in 2020, the game was released on PlayStation 4.

Kemco
Kemco Co., Ltd. (株式会社ケムコ, Kabushiki gaisha Kemuko), from Kotobuki Engineering & Manufacturing Co., Ltd., is a Japanese video game developer and publisher established in 1984. It is headquartered in Kure, Hiroshima.

Its best known franchises are the Kid Klown and Top Gear series, the latter developed by Sheffield-based English developers Gremlin Graphics.
Chalermkwansatree School
Chalermkwansatree School (CHS; Thai: โรงเรียนเฉลิมขวัญสตรี, pronounced [tɕʰàʔ.lɤ̌ːm.kʰwǎn.sàʔ.triː]), is a public secondary school in Phitsanulok, Thailand. Located in the city centre, near the Wat Ratchaburana. Operated by the Office of the Basic Education Commission (Educational Service Area 39), it is the only school in the province that provides exclusive education for female students.

Founded as School for Girls of Monthon Phitsanulok (Thai: โรงเรียนสตรีประจำมณฑลพิษณุโลก) on November 8, 1923, it initially offered education from kindergarten through teacher training. However, by 1943, the kindergarten, primary, and teacher training programs were phased out. Today, the school offers education for grades 7 to 12 (Matthayom 1-6) with a total of 81 classrooms.

Office of the Basic Education Commission
The Office of the Basic Education Commission (OBEC) is a Thai governmental agency, founded in 2003. It is an office of the Thai Ministry of Education (MOE). Its mission is to organize and promote basic education from primary school to high school.