hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Serra da Mesa Dam
The Serra da Mesa Dam, once known as Sao Felix, is an embankment dam on the Tocantins River near Minaçu in Goiás, Brazil. The dam serves an associated hydroelectric power plant with a 1,275 megawatts (1,710,000 hp) installed capacity. The dam creates the largest reservoir by volume in Brazil.

Embankment dam
An embankment dam is a large artificial dam. It is typically created by the placement and compaction of a complex semi-plastic mound of various compositions of soil or rock. It has a water-resistant natural covering for its surface, and may feature a dense, watertight core to resist surface or seepage erosion. Such a dam is composed of fragmented independent material particles. The friction and interaction of particles binds the particles together into a stable mass rather than by the use of a cementing substance.
Alexandra a las 12
Alexandra a las 12 (Alexandra at noon) is a Puerto Rican midday variety television series airing on WKAQ-TV and hosted by Alexandra Fuentes. Upon its debut in 2014 the show was known as Alexandra de noche (Alexandra at night) and aired as a late-night talk show before the station decided to move the show to the midday time-slot in 2017.

WAPA-TV
WAPA-TV (channel 4) is a Spanish-language independent television station in San Juan, Puerto Rico. It is the flagship and namesake station of Guaynabo-based WAPA Media Group.

WAPA-TV maintains studio facilities on Luis Vigoreaux Avenue in Guaynabo; its transmitter is located on the WKAQ-TV (channel 2) transmission tower at Cerro La Santa in Cayey near the Carite State Forest. WAPA-TV is the most watched television station in Puerto Rico.

The station's signal is relayed across Puerto Rico through two full-power satellite stations: WTIN-TV (digital channel 14, virtual channel 4) in Ponce and WNJX-TV (digital channel 31, virtual channel 4) in Mayagüez. WTIN-TV also broadcasts two subchannels simulcast from WKAQ-TV, including its Telemundo programming, using virtual channels 2.11 and 2.21.
Towcester Greyhound Stadium
Towcester Greyhound Stadium is a greyhound racing track located within Towcester Racecourse at Towcester in Northamptonshire, England. It has been the home of the English Greyhound Derby since 2021, having previously hosted the event from 2017 to 2018.

Towcester
Towcester (/ˈtoʊstər/ TOH-stər) is a market town and civil parish in the West Northamptonshire unitary authority area of Northamptonshire, England. From 1974 to 2021, it was the administrative centre of the South Northamptonshire district.

Towcester is one of the oldest continuously inhabited settlements in the country. It was the Roman town of Lactodurum, located on Watling Street, today's A5. In Saxon times, this was the frontier between the kingdom of Wessex and the Danelaw. Towcester features in Charles Dickens's novel The Pickwick Papers as one of Mr Pickwick's stopping places on his tour. The local racecourse has hosted many national horseracing events.
José María Portillo Valdés
José María "Txema" Portillo Valdés (born on 1961 in Bilbao) is a Spanish historian, professor of Contemporary History at the University of the Basque Country. He is an expert in Spanish constitutional history.

Revista de Libros
Revista de Libros (Review of Books) is a Spanish-language bi-monthly literary review magazine. The magazine was a print publication from 1996 to 2011. It was restarted as an online-only magazine in 2013. In 2016 the print edition was also started.
John Gardner (minister)
John Gardner (17 April 1809 – 10 May 1899) was a Scots-born Presbyterian minister in Adelaide, South Australia, the first incumbent of Chalmers Free Church of Scotland, now Scots Church, North Terrace, Adelaide. He later served at Launceston, Tasmania and Queenscliff, Victoria.

Pulteney Street
Pulteney Street is a main road which runs north-south through the middle of the eastern half of the Adelaide city centre, in Adelaide, South Australia. It runs north-south from North Terrace, through Hindmarsh and Hurtle Squares, to South Terrace, where it becomes Unley Road. It is the only one of the city centre's major north-south thoroughfares that does not continue northwards over North Terrace.
Sun Yat-Sen University Press
Sun Yat-Sen University Press, or Zhongshan University Press (simplified Chinese: 中山大学出版社; traditional Chinese: 中山大學出版社; pinyin: Zhōngshān Dàxué Chūbǎnshè), is the publishing house of Sun Yat-Sen University, a top university in China. Founded in 1983, Sun Yat-Sen University Press has published more than 6,000 types of books. The company is located in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; and supervised by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China.

Ministry of Education (China)
The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China is a constituent department of the State Council, responsible for basic education, vocational education, higher education, and other educational affairs throughout the country. The Ministry of Education acts as the predominant funder of national universities and colleges in China. The ministry also accredits tertiary institutions, degree curriculum, and school teachers of the country.

The Ministry of Education currently has 19 internal departments and bureaus. As of 2022, there were 75 colleges and universities affiliated with the Ministry of Education.
Bedir Khan Beg
Bedir Khan Beg (Kurmanji: Bedirxan Beg, Turkish: Bedirhan Bey; 1803–1869) was the last Kurdish Mir and mütesellim of the Emirate of Botan.

Hereditary head of the house of Rozhaki whose seat was the ancient Bitlis Castle and descended from Sharafkhan Bidlisi, Bedir Khan was born in Cizre (now in Turkey) of Azizan family. He became the Mir of the Emirate of Botan in 1821 and ruled until 1847. The Bedir Khans also claimed descent from Muhammad's general Khalid ibn al-Walid.

Kurmanji
Kurmanji (Kurdish: کورمانجی, romanized: Kurmancî, lit. 'Kurdish', pronunciationⓘ), also termed Northern Kurdish, is the northernmost of the Kurdish languages, spoken predominantly in southeast Turkey, northwest and northeast Iran, northern Iraq, northern Syria and the Caucasus and Khorasan regions. It is the most widely spoken form of Kurdish.

Kurmanji is also the common and ceremonial language of Yazidis. Their sacred book Mishefa Reş and all prayers are written and spoken in Kurmanji.

Ethnologue reports that the use of Kurmanji is declining in Turkey even when the language is used as a language of wider communication (LWC) by immigrants to Turkey, and that the language is threatened because it is losing speakers.
Thomas Fortin
Thomas Fortin (15 December 1853 – 31 March 1933) was a lawyer, judge, educator and political figure in Quebec, Canada. He represented Laval in the House of Commons of Canada from 1896 to 1901 as a Liberal.

He was born in St-François-de-la-Beauce, Beauce County, Canada East, the son of Joseph Fortin and Marie-Louis Vachon. He studied law at the Université Laval and was admitted to the Quebec bar in 1882. Fortin was professor of civil and municipal law at McGill University. Fortin settled at Sainte-Rose in Laval County in 1885. He resigned his seat in the House of Commons in 1901 after he was named to the Quebec Superior Court for Montreal district.

Fortin retired from the bench in December 1919. He died at Sainte-Rose-de-Laval at the age of 79.

Sainte-Rose, Quebec
Sainte-Rose (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t ʁoz]) is a district in Laval, Quebec. It was incorporated as a village in 1850, and was a separate town until the municipal mergers on August 6, 1965 which amalgamated all the municipalities on Île Jésus into a single City of Laval.

Ste-Rose is best known for the parish church, erected 1740, which contains a Casavant Frères organ and hosts numerous concerts every year, and for "Vieux Ste-Rose", an area known for its old houses and its restaurants. Other districts that are also part of Sainte-Rose are Champenois (located between Boulevard Curé-Labelle and Autoroute 15, to the west of "Vieux Ste-Rose") and Champfleury, also known as Des Oiseaux (after the name of the district's main thoroughfare), to the south, near the border with Chomedey.
Ashy thrush
The ashy thrush (Geokichla cinerea), also known as the ashy ground-thrush, is a species of bird in the family Turdidae. It is endemic to the Philippines in Luzon and Mindoro. Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forests and or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss, and the illegal wildlife trade.

La Mesa Ecopark
The La Mesa Ecopark is a public park located in Greater Lagro, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines.  It is in the La Mesa Watershed Reservation and near the La Mesa Dam.

The park closed temporarily on February 12, 2024 after the ABS-CBN Foundation returned management of the park to the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System. It is partially reopened on June 29, 2024 under the management of the Manila Water Foundation.
Church News
The Church News (formerly LDS Church News) is a multi-platform supplement and subdivision of the Deseret News, a Salt Lake City, Utah newspaper owned by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). It is published daily online, and weekly as tabloid-sized. Deseret News also provides the news site Of Good Report (now only in social media and formerly Mormon Times). It is the only LDS Church publication entirely devoted to news coverage of church.

Tabloid (newspaper format)
A tabloid is a newspaper format characterized by its compact size, smaller than a broadsheet. The term originates from the 19th century, when the London-based pharmaceutical company Burroughs Wellcome & Co. used the term to describe compressed pills, later adopted by newspapers to denote condensed content. There are two main types of tabloid newspaper: red tops and compact, distinguished by editorial style.

Red top tabloids are distinct from broadsheet newspapers, which traditionally cater to more affluent, educated audiences with in-depth reporting and analysis. However, the line between tabloids and broadsheets has blurred in recent decades, as many broadsheet newspapers have adopted tabloid or compact formats to reduce costs and attract readers.

Globally, the tabloid format has been adapted to suit regional preferences and media landscapes. In countries like Germany and Australia, tabloids such as Bild and The Daily Telegraph have significant readerships and political clout.
Anugraha (film)
Anugraha (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1971 Indian Kannada film, directed by H. L. N. Simha and produced by K. M. Somasundarappa. The film stars K. S. Ashwath, Srinath, Narasimharaju and T. N. Balakrishna in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Rajan–Nagendra.

Rajan–Nagendra
Rajan–Nagendra was an Indian musical duo who were prominent composers of film music in Kannada and Telugu cinema from the late 1950s to the early 1990s. Rajan, along with his brother Nagendra, created a niche for themselves for nearly four decades. The duo scored music for about 375 films, over 200 of them in Kannada and the remainder in other languages like Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, Tulu, Hindi and Sinhala. They composed innumerable hits, hundreds of melodious tunes in their career spanning four decades. They also hold the record for the longest active musical pair in the industry.
Chatari
Chatari  is a village development committee in Siraha District in the Sagarmatha Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, it had a population of 2711 people living in 485 individual households.

2011 Nepal census
Nepal conducted a widespread national census in 2011 by the Nepal Central Bureau of Statistics. Working in cooperation with the 58 municipalities and the 3,915 Village Development Committees at a district level, they recorded data from all the municipalities and villages of each district. The data included statistics on population size, households, sex and age distribution, place of birth, residence characteristics, literacy, marital status, religion, language spoken, caste/ethnic group, economically active population, education, number of children, employment status, and occupation.
Stoychev
Stoychev (Bulgarian: Стойчев) is a Bulgarian surname.

Borislav Stoychev (born 1986), Bulgarian footballer

Bozhidar Stoychev (born 1991), Bulgarian footballer

Georgi Stoychev (born 1977), Bulgarian footballer

Petar Stoychev (born 1976), Bulgarian swimmer

Radostin Stoychev (born 1969), volleyball player and coach

Stayko Stoychev (born 1989), Bulgarian footballer

Trendafil Stoychev (born 1953), Bulgarian weightlifter

Vladimir Stoychev (1892–1990), Bulgarian general, diplomats and equestrian

Georgi Stoychev
Georgi Stoychev (Bulgarian: Георги Стойчев; born 3 July 1977) is a Bulgarian former football player who played as a midfielder and defender. He spent his entire playing career with PFC Vidima-Rakovski Sevlievo from 1996 to 2015. As of 2017, he was an assistant coach at FC Sevlievo.
Magdy Younes
Magdy Kherallah Younes is a Canadian physician and researcher specializing in respirology and sleep medicine. His major areas of focus include reflex control of breathing during exercise, sleep and mechanical ventilation; pathogenesis of respiratory failure; patient-ventilator interactions; hemodynamics of pulmonary circulation; pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea; and determination of novel biomarkers in the electroencephalogram (EEG). He is the inventor of several novel approaches to diagnosis and treatment, including Proportional Assist Ventilation (PAV), methods for non-invasive determination of passive respiratory mechanics during assisted ventilation, and Odds Ratio Product of sleep (ORP). These approaches have led to the development of several medical devices, including the Winnipeg Ventilator.

Respiratory failure
Respiratory failure results from inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system, meaning that the arterial oxygen, carbon dioxide, or both cannot be kept at normal levels. A drop in the oxygen carried in the blood is known as hypoxemia; a rise in arterial carbon dioxide levels is called hypercapnia. Respiratory failure is classified as either Type 1 or Type 2, based on whether there is a high carbon dioxide level, and can be acute or chronic. In clinical trials, the definition of respiratory failure usually includes increased respiratory rate, abnormal blood gases (hypoxemia, hypercapnia, or both), and evidence of increased work of breathing. Respiratory failure causes an altered state of consciousness due to ischemia in the brain.

The typical partial pressure reference values are oxygen Pa O2 more than 80 mmHg (11 kPa) and carbon dioxide Pa CO2 less than 45 mmHg (6.0 kPa).
Creative Economy Agency
The Creative Economy Agency (Public Organization) (CEA, Thai: สำนักงานส่งเสริมเศรษฐกิจสร้างสรรค์ (องค์การมหาชน)), is a Thai public organization tasked with the support and development of Thailand's creative economy. Established in 2018, the agency oversees the Thailand Creative & Design Center (TCDC) in Bangkok, along with creative city initiatives throughout the country.

Based at the Grand Postal Building on Charoen Krung Road in Bang Rak District, the CEA operates departments focused on Chiang Mai, Songkhla, and Khon Kaen. CEA organizes the annual Bangkok Design Week, Chiang Mai Design Week, and Pakk Taii Design Week in Songkhla.

Charoen Krung Road
Charoen Krung Road (Thai: ถนนเจริญกรุง, romanized: Thanon Charoen Krung, pronounced [tʰā.nǒn tɕā.rɤ̄ːn krūŋ]) is a major road in Bangkok and the first in Thailand to be built using modern construction methods. Built during 1862–1864 in the reign of King Mongkut (Rama IV), it runs from the old city centre in Rattanakosin Island, passes through Bangkok's Chinatown, continues into Bang Rak district, where it formerly served the community of European expatriates, and ends in Bang Kho Laem. Construction of the road marked a major change in Bangkok's urban development, with the major mode of transport shifting from water to land. Charoen Krung Road was Bangkok's main street up to the early 20th century, but later declined in prominence. It is still home to many historic buildings and neighbourhoods, which are beset by changes as extension of the underground MRT is poised to drive new development.
Garanoir
Garanoir is a variety of red wine grape. It was created by André Jaquinet and Dominique Maigre at Station Fédérale de Recherches en Production Végétale de Changins in 1970 by crossing Gamay and Reichensteiner. Garanoir was developed for cultivation in German Switzerland, and is a full sibling of Gamaret, which was intended for the French part of the country.

Total Swiss plantations of the variety in 2009 stood at 203 hectares (500 acres). It is grown in both French and German Switzerland.

Garanoir has relatively good resistance to rot and ripens early. It gives dark purple wines, which are fruitier, lighter and less concentrated than those of Gamaret.

In 2023, based on the petition by Montifalco Vineyard in Monticello AVA in Virginia, USA Garanoir was registered as an acceptable grape variety designation for American wines with the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau.

Agroscope
Agroscope is the Swiss Confederation's center of excellence for agricultural research and is affiliated with the Federal Office for Agriculture, which is subordinate to the Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research. Agroscope attempts to contribute to a sustainable agriculture and food sector, and maintain an intact environment.

Agroscope consists of three competence divisions for Research Technology and Knowledge Exchange, and seven strategic research divisions, and the Resources Unit. Sites are Avenches (Swiss National Stud Farm SNSF), Breitenhof, Cadenazzo, Changins, Conthey, Güttingen (Fruit Growing Pilot Plant), Liebefeld, Posieux, Pully, Reckenholz, Tänikon and Wädenswil.

Agroscope recently adopted a new site strategy that plans to construct a central research campus in Posieux (canton of Fribourg), a research centre in Changins (canton of Vaud), Reckenholz (canton of Zurich), and peripheral experimental stations.
That's What Little Girls Are Made Of
"That's What Little Girls Are Made Of" is the debut mainstream single by American actress and singer Raven-Symoné, taken from her debut album, Here's to New Dreams (1992). The single was released in April 1993 by MCA Records and is Raven-Symoné's highest chart appearance to date, peaking at numbers 68 and 73 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and Cash Box Top 100.

The song was written and produced by Missy Elliott, who performs a verse of scat singing and Jamaican-style toasting, but the music video featured a thinner, light-skinned actress lip syncing her part. On Behind the Music, Elliott reveals that she was not informed of the video shoot and later told she "didn't quite fit the image that we were looking for"—later taking her revenge with an oversized garbage-bag costume in her groundbreaking 1997 video "The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)." Despite the setback, Elliott and Raven-Symoné have expressed respect for each other on Twitter.

Scat singing
Originating in vocal jazz, scat singing or scatting is vocal improvisation with wordless vocables, nonsense syllables or without words at all. In scat singing, the singer improvises melodies and rhythms using the voice solely as an instrument rather than a speaking medium. This is different from vocalese, which uses recognizable lyrics that are sung to pre-existing instrumental solos.
Japanese Garden, Monaco
The Japanese Garden is a municipal park on the Avenue Princesse Grace, in the Larvotto ward of Monaco. It is next to the Grimaldi Forum convention centre. The garden is 0.7 hectares in size, and features a stylised mountain, hill, waterfall, beach, brook, and a Zen garden for meditation. It is open daily from 9:00 to sunset.

The garden was commissioned by Prince Rainier III in 1994. It was designed by Yasuo Beppu, the winner of the Flower Exhibition of Osaka 1990, as a miniature representation of Shintoist philosophy.

Grimaldi Forum
The Grimaldi Forum Monaco, inaugurated in 2000 and named after the historical reigning family of Monaco, the House of Grimaldi, is an international event venue located in the Larvotto ward of Monaco. It hosts approximately 120 events and sees 250,000 visitors annually.
Mycoplasma
Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria that, like the other members of the class Mollicutes, lack a cell wall (peptidoglycan) around their cell membrane. The absence of peptidoglycan makes them naturally resistant to antibiotics such as the beta-lactam antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis. They can be parasitic or saprotrophic.

In casual speech, the name "mycoplasma" (plural mycoplasmas or mycoplasms) generally refers to all members of the class Mollicutes. In formal scientific classification, the designation Mycoplasma refers exclusively to the genus, a member of the Mycoplasmataceae, the only family in the order Mycoplasmatales (see "scientific classification"). In 2018, Mycoplasma was split with many clinically significant species moved to other genera in Mollicutes; see the page Mollicutes for an overview.

Β-Lactam antibiotic
β-Lactam antibiotics (beta-lactam antibiotics) are antibiotics that contain a β-lactam ring in their chemical
structure. This includes penicillin derivatives (penams), cephalosporins and cephamycins (cephems), monobactams, carbapenems and carbacephems. Most β-lactam antibiotics work by inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis in the bacterial organism and are the most widely used group of antibiotics. Until 2003, when measured by sales, more than half of all commercially available antibiotics in use were β-lactam compounds. The first β-lactam antibiotic discovered, penicillin, was isolated from a strain of Penicillium rubens (named as Penicillium notatum at the time).

Bacteria often develop resistance to β-lactam antibiotics by synthesizing a β-lactamase, an enzyme that attacks the β-lactam ring. To overcome this resistance, β-lactam antibiotics can be given with β-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid.
Bolitoglossinae
Bolitoglossinae is a subfamily of lungless salamander. Most of them are native to tropical areas in Central and South America, though a few such as Batrachoseps are found in temperate regions. Its sister group is the extinct genus Palaeoplethodon.

Slender salamander
Batrachoseps is a genus of lungless salamanders (plethodontids) often called slender salamanders. They can be distinguished from other lungless salamanders by the four toes they have on each foot.

Their genus name Batracho-seps means "frog-lizard", in reference to their projectile tongues.
William F. Mullen III
Major General William Francis Mullen III (15 July 1964 – June 29, 2024) was an officer in the United States Marine Corps. He last served as the commanding general for Training and Education Command. He was deployed in Fallujah, Iraq, in 2007 during Operation Iraqi Freedom.  He co-wrote a book with Daniel Green called Fallujah Redux: The Anbar Awakening and the Struggle with Al-Qaeda.

Naval War College
The Naval War College (NWC or NAVWARCOL) is the staff college and "Home of Thought" for the United States Navy at Naval Station Newport in Newport, Rhode Island. The NWC educates and develops leaders, supports defining the future Navy and associated roles and missions, supports combat readiness, and strengthens global maritime partnerships.

The Naval War College is one of the senior service colleges including the Army War College, the Marine Corps War College, and the USAF Air War College.  Additionally, the U.S. Department of Defense operates the National War College.