hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lake Athapapuskow
Lake Athapapuskow is a glacial lake in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Canada, located 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) southeast of Flin Flon, Manitoba. The lake is in the Hudson Bay drainage basin and is the source of the Goose River.

Nelson River
The Nelson River is a river of north-central North America, in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The river drains Lake Winnipeg and runs 644 kilometres (400 mi) before it ends in Hudson Bay near Port Nelson. Its full length (including the Saskatchewan River and Bow River) is 2,575 kilometres (1,600 mi), it has mean discharge of 2,370 cubic metres per second (84,000 cu ft/s), and has a drainage basin of 1,072,300 square kilometres (414,000 sq mi), of which 180,000 square kilometres (69,000 sq mi) is in the United States.
Air Busan Flight 391
Air Busan Flight 391 was a scheduled international passenger flight operated by Air Busan from Gimhae International Airport in Busan, South Korea, to Hong Kong International Airport in Hong Kong. On 28 January 2025, the Airbus A321-231 caught fire while preparing to taxi for takeoff. The fire resulted in 27 injuries and the evacuation of all 176 occupants on board the aircraft, which was destroyed by the flames and thus was a total loss.

International flight
An international flight is a form of commercial flight within civil aviation where the departure and the arrival take place in different countries.

Since its origins, international commercial flights have taken place with a variety of aircraft types including airplanes and airships. Modern international flight typically takes place on wide-body aircraft and involves immigration and customs formalities through international airports.
Vitanovo Reserve
Vitanovo (Bulgarian: Витаново) is a nature reserve in the Strandzha mountains of south-eastern Bulgaria. Vitanovo is one of the five reserves situated in Strandzha Nature Park. It lies in south-eastern Bulgaria near the border with Turkey. The reserve encompasses an area of 1112.4 ha or 11.124 km2. The reserve can only be accessed with a special permission, issued by the Ministry of Environment and Water of Bulgaria, for conducting research or for specialized tourism under strict rules and routes.

The nearest village is Brashlyan in the Municipality of Malko Tarnovo.

Within the territory of the reserve there are 462 species of plants: 421 herbaceous, 26 relict and 9 Balkan endemic species. The reserve is characterized by forests of Fagus orientalis, Carpinus betulus, Quercus frainetto, Quercus cerris and different species of oak.

Among the natural landmarks in Vitanovo are karst springs and caves, the most studied of which is the Bratanova Cave.

Carpinus betulus
Carpinus betulus, the European or common hornbeam, is a species of tree in the birch family Betulaceae, native to Western Asia and central, eastern, and southern Europe, including southern England. It requires a warm climate for good growth, and occurs only at elevations up to 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). It grows in mixed stands with oak, and in some areas beech, and is also a common tree in scree forests. Hornbeam was also known as yoke elm. Together with Carpinus orientalis and Carpinus austrobalcanica, it is one of the three hornbeams found in Europe.
Ali Sokoli
Ali Sokol  (8 May 1921 - 23 September 1974) was a Kosovar Albanian pulmonologist.

He completed his education in the Medrese of Skoplje from 1933 until 1941. He then enrolled in the Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Pisa in Italy. In 1943, during World War II, he returned to his hometown of Rahovec in Kosovo, Yugoslavia which was Axis-occupied. For a few months, he was mayor of the municipality of Xërxë. In 1944-45, Sokoli enrolled as a student at the Faculty of Agronomy at the University of Vienna, in Austria, where he attended lectures for three semesters before furthering his studies at the University of Belgrade's Faculty of Medecine, graduating in 1951 and finishing with a specialization in 1955.

He started his professional work in 1956 in Prizren, and also temporarily worked in Gjakova. Beginning in 1959 he practiced at the Lung Disease Clinic in Pristina. He died on 23 September 1974.

A secondary medical school in Pristina bears his name.

Pulmonology
Pulmonology (/ˌpʌlməˈnɒlədʒi/, /ˌpʊlməˈnɒlədʒi/, from Latin pulmō, -ōnis "lung" and the Greek suffix -λογία -logía "study of"), pneumology (/nʊˈmɒlədʒi, njʊ-/, built on Greek πνεύμων pneúmōn "lung") or pneumonology (/nʊmənˈɒlədʒi, njʊ-/) is a medical specialty that deals with diseases involving the respiratory tract. It is also known as respirology, respiratory medicine, or chest medicine in some countries and areas.

Pulmonology is considered a branch of internal medicine, and is related to intensive care medicine. Pulmonology often involves managing patients who need life support and mechanical ventilation. Pulmonologists are specially trained in diseases and conditions of the chest, particularly pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis, emphysema, and complicated chest infections.

Pulmonology/respirology departments work especially closely with certain other specialties: cardiothoracic surgery departments and cardiology departments.
Sue Rattray
Susan Joy Rattray (born 18 December 1953) is a New Zealand former  cricketer who played as an all-rounder, batting right-handed and bowling right-arm off break. She appeared in 9 Test matches and 15 One Day Internationals for New Zealand between 1975 and 1985. She also played 15 One Day Internationals for International XI at the two World Cups that they appeared at, in 1973 and 1982, and was the only player to appear for the side at both tournaments. She played domestic cricket for Canterbury and North Shore.

Off spin
Off spin is a type of spin bowling in cricket. A bowler who uses this technique is called an off spinner. Off spinners bowl with their right-arm and a  finger spin action. Their normal delivery is called an off break, which spins from left to right (from the bowler's perspective) when the ball bounces on the pitch. For a right-handed batter, the ball breaks towards them from the off side, hence the name 'off break'.

Off spinners bowl mostly off breaks, varying them by adjusting the line and length of the deliveries. Off spinners also bowl other types of delivery, which spin differently. Aside from these variations in spin, varying the speed, length and flight of the ball are also important for the off spinner.

The bowler with the most wickets in the history of both Test matches and ODIs, Muttiah Muralitharan, was an off spinner.
1988 Pro Bowl
The 1988 Pro Bowl was the NFL's 38th annual all-star game which featured the outstanding performers from the 1987 season. The game was played on Sunday, February 7, 1988, at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, Hawaii before a crowd of 50,113. The final score was AFC 15, NFC 6.

Marty Schottenheimer of the Cleveland Browns led the AFC team against an NFC team coached by Minnesota Vikings head coach Jerry Burns. The referee was Dick Hantak.

Bruce Smith of the Buffalo Bills was named the game's MVP. Players on the winning AFC team received $10,000 apiece while the NFC participants each took home $5,000.

Bruce Smith
Bruce Bernard Smith (born June 18, 1963) is an American former professional football defensive end who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 19 seasons, primarily with the Buffalo Bills. He played college football for the Virginia Tech Hokies, earning All-American honors twice, and was selected by the Bills first overall in the 1985 NFL draft.

Considered one of the greatest defensive ends of all time, Smith is the NFL's all-time career leader in quarterback sacks with 200. Smith also received 11 Pro Bowl selections and eight first-team All-Pro honors, while appearing in four consecutive Super Bowls with the Bills. He was inducted to the College Football Hall of Fame in 2006 and the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2009.
Olga FitzRoy
Olga Fitzroy (born February 1982) is a German-born British Labour Party politician who has represented St Martin's ward on Lambeth London Borough Council since 2022. She is also a sound engineer at Associated Independent Recording (AIR) studios and a noted campaigner for shared parental leave and fair pay.

Music Producers Guild
The Music Producers Guild (MPG) (UK) promotes and represents individuals in the music production and recording professions. It was founded in 2000. As a guild, the organisation has no political party affiliation.

The organisation presents the Music Producers Guild Awards annually. In 2008, the MPG and BPI coordinated their awards programmes. The MPG awards are intended to recognise producers, engineers, mixers and remixers. At the 2013 MPG awards, George Martin received 'The Outstanding Contribution to UK Music' award.

Membership is open to producers, engineers, mixers, re-mixers, programmers, sound designers, mastering engineers, students, enthusiasts.

MPG members include Paul Epworth, Bernard Butler, Mike Crossey, Jake Gosling and Tommy D.
Dittaino
The Dittaino (Greek: Χρύσας; Latin: Chrysas) is a river of central Sicily which rises in the Heraean Mountains, not far from the modern towns of Gangi and Enna. It is 105 kilometres (65 mi) long.

After flowing through the territory of Assorus, where its tutelary divinity was worshipped with peculiar honors during the Greek civilization, and afterwards through that of Agyrium, it joins the Simeto in the plain of Catania, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) from its mouth.

Erean Mountains
The Erean Mountains (also called the Heraean Mountains) (Sicilian: Munti Erei; Italian: Monti Erei; Latin: Heraei montes) are a mountain chain in central Sicily, southern Italy, mostly located in the central and northern areas of the province of Enna. The highest peak is the Monte Altesina, at 1,192 m above sea level. Other mountains in the ridge includes Bufambra peak and Busalmar mountain.
Internet in Canada
Canada ranks as 28th in the world for Internet usage with an estimated 35.34 million users or 93% of the population as of 2021. According to Harvard researchers, Canada has some of the lowest internet standards among OECD countries, as a result of high costs and slow internet speeds.

Bandwidth (computing)
In computing, bandwidth is the maximum rate of data transfer across a given path. Bandwidth may be characterized as network bandwidth, data bandwidth, or digital bandwidth.

This definition of bandwidth contrasts with usage in signal processing, wireless communications, modem data transmission, digital communications, and electronics, in which bandwidth is used to refer to the signal bandwidth measured in hertz, meaning the frequency range between lowest and highest attainable frequency while meeting a well-defined impairment level in signal power. The actual bit rate that can be achieved depends not only on the signal bandwidth but also on the noise on the channel.
Big Brother (Finnish TV series)
Big Brother Suomi (formerly Big Brother) is the Finnish version of the reality television franchise Big Brother. The Finnish adaptation was broadcast on Sub (formerly SubTV) in Finland from 2005 to 2014.

The series premiered on Sub on 28 August 2005, and the tenth season concluded on 14 November 2014. Since season 7, the series has been produced by Endemol Finland Oy; the previous seasons were produced by Metronome Film & Television Oy. The season winner wins €50,000. In the tenth season, the winner wins €100,000.

On 5 March 2013, Sub announced that the ninth season would air in the fall of 2013 and would be the first season to feature celebrities as contestants. The ninth season was shorter than the previous season and featured only one host.

On 10 January 2019, Nelonen announced the show would be returned in fall 2019 on Jim, and the series' name was changed to Big Brother Suomi.

MTV Sub
MTV Sub (formerly TVTV!, Subtv and Sub) is a Finnish television channel owned by MTV Oy. The previous owner Alma Media sold Sub and its sister channels (MTV3, C More Max, MTV Ava Radio Nova and Sävelradio) to Swedish Bonnier and Proventus in 2005.
José Moreira
José Filipe da Silva Moreira OIH (born 20 March 1982) is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

He spent most of his career with Benfica, appearing in 148 competitive matches and making his Primeira Liga debut at 19. He also competed in Wales and Cyprus.

Moreira earned 79 caps for Portugal across all youth levels, and was part of the senior team squad at Euro 2004.

Order of Prince Henry
The Order of Prince Henry (Portuguese: Ordem do Infante Dom Henrique) is a Portuguese order of knighthood created on 2 June 1960, to commemorate the quincentenary of the death of the Portuguese infante Prince Henry the Navigator, one of the main initiators of the Age of Discovery. Minor reforms of the constitution of the Order occurred in 1962 and 1980.

It is a five-tier order, whose titles are awarded for relevant services to Portugal and for services in the expansion of the Portuguese culture, its history and its values (with a particular focus on its maritime history). The number of members in each grade is restricted by its constitution, and titles are conferred by special decree by the Grand Master of the Order, i.e., the President of Portugal.
Post (structural)
A post is a main vertical or leaning support in a structure similar to a column or pillar, the term post generally refers to a timber but may be metal or stone. A stud in wooden or metal building construction is similar but lighter duty than a post and a strut may be similar to a stud or act as a brace. In the U.K. a strut may be very similar to a post but not carry a beam.   In wood construction posts normally land on a sill, but in rare types of buildings the post may continue through to the foundation called an interrupted sill or into the ground called earthfast, post in ground, or posthole construction. A post is also a fundamental element in a fence. The terms "jack" and "cripple" are used with shortened studs and rafters but not posts, except in the specialized vocabulary of shoring.

Shoring
Shoring is the process of temporarily supporting a building, vessel, structure, or trench with shores (props) when in danger of collapse or during repairs or alterations. Shoring comes from shore, a timber or metal prop. Shoring may be vertical, angled, or horizontal.
Pozzo (Waiting for Godot)
Pozzo is a character from Samuel Beckett's play Waiting for Godot. His name is Italian for "well" (as in "oil well").

On the surface he is a pompous, sometimes foppish, aristocrat (he claims to live in a manor, own many slaves and a Steinway piano), cruelly using and exploiting those around him (specifically his slave, Lucky and, to a lesser extent, Estragon). He wears similar clothes to Vladimir and Estragon (i.e. a bowler and suit), but they are not in the dire condition theirs are.

Aristocracy (class)
The aristocracy (from Greek ἀριστοκρατία aristokratía, "rule of the best"; Latin: aristocratia) is historically associated with a "hereditary" or a "ruling" social class. In many states, the aristocracy included the upper class with hereditary rank and titles. They are usually below only the monarch of a country or nation in its social hierarchy.
Bocher
Bocher is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Christiane Bøcher (1798–1874), Norwegian stage actress who was engaged at the Christiania Offentlige Theater

Édouard Bocher (1811–1900), French politician who was one of the founders of the Conférence Molé-Tocqueville

Herbert Böcher (1903–1983), German middle-distance runner who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics

Joan Bocher (died 1550), English Anabaptist burned at the stake for heresy

Main Bocher (1890–1976), American fashion designer who founded the fashion label Mainbocher

Maxime Bôcher (1867–1918), American mathematician who published about 100 papers on differential equations, series, and algebra

Tyge W. Böcher (1909–1983), Danish botanist, evolutionary biologist, plant ecologist and phytogeographer

Maxime Bôcher
Maxime Bôcher (August 28, 1867 – September 12, 1918) was an American mathematician who published about 100 papers on differential equations, series, and algebra. He also wrote elementary texts such as Trigonometry and Analytic Geometry. Bôcher's theorem, Bôcher's equation, and the Bôcher Memorial Prize are named after him.
Research in multiple sclerosis
Research in multiple sclerosis may find new pathways to interact with the disease, improve function, curtail attacks, or limit the progression of the underlying disease. Many treatments already in clinical trials involve drugs that are used in other diseases or medications that have not been designed specifically for multiple sclerosis. There are also trials involving the combination of drugs that are already in use for multiple sclerosis. Finally, there are also many basic investigations that try to understand the disease better and in the future may help to find new treatments.

Research directions on MS treatments include investigations of MS pathogenesis and heterogeneity; research of more effective, convenient, or tolerable new treatments for RRMS; creation of therapies for the progressive subtypes; neuroprotection strategies; and the search for effective symptomatic treatments.

Relapsing–remitting
Relapsing–remitting is a medical term referring to a presentation of disease symptoms that become worse over time (relapsing), followed by periods of less severe symptoms that do not completely cease (partial remitting). The term is used to describe a type of multiple sclerosis called relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis, where unpredictable relapses are followed by remission for months to years.

The term is also used to describe palindromic rheumatism in the context of rheumatoid arthritis, catatonia, lupus, mental disorders, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
Kawau Island
Kawau Island is in the Hauraki Gulf, close to the north-eastern coast of the North Island of New Zealand. It is named after the Māori word for the shag. At its closest point it lies 1.4 km (0.87 mi) off the coast of the Northland Peninsula, just south of Tāwharanui Peninsula, and about 8 km (5.0 mi) by sea journey from Sandspit Wharf, and shelters Kawau Bay to the north-east of Warkworth. It is 40 km (25 mi) north of Auckland.

Almost every property on the island relies on direct access to the sea. There are only two short roads serving settlements at Schoolhouse Bay and South Cove, and most residents have private wharves for access to their front door steps. A regular ferry service operates to the island from Sandspit Wharf on the mainland, as do water taxi services.
Mansion House, in the Kawau Island Historic Reserve, is an important historic tourist attraction.

Northland Peninsula
The Northland Peninsula, called the North Auckland Peninsula in earlier times, is in the far north of the North Island of New Zealand. It is joined to the rest of the island by the Auckland isthmus, a narrow piece of land between the Waitematā Harbour and the Manukau Harbour in the middle of the Auckland metropolitan area. The peninsula is not conterminous with the local government area of Northland Region, which occupies the northern 80% of the peninsula, as the southern section is administratively part of the Auckland Region.
Parliamentary Advisory Council for Transport Safety
The Parliamentary Advisory Council for Transport Safety (PACTS) is a registered charity. For much of its history, it was also an All-party parliamentary group of the UK parliament. In 2016, following changes to parliamentary rules, PACTS the charity was separated from the APPG and PACTS now provides the secretariat to the Transport Safety APPG. PACTS charitable objective is: To protect human life through the promotion of transport safety for the public benefit. Its annual accounts and trustees review of the year can be accessed via the Charity Commission’s website.

All-party parliamentary group
An all-party parliamentary group (APPG) is a technical group in the Parliament of the United Kingdom that is composed of members of parliament from all political parties, but has no official status within Parliament.
Johann Gottfried Olearius (1635–1711)
Johann Gottfried Olearius (1635–1711) was a German preacher, musician and horticulturalist. (The name "Olearius" is the Latinised version of the German name Ölschläger.) He was the superintendent and pastor of the Barfüsserkirche (later the St. Paul's Church, Frankfurt am Main). He had been an accomplished church musician and supervised the young Johann Sebastian Bach when he was a church organist at Arnstadt from 1703 to 1707. Olearius also had an interest in horticulture, and the plant genus Olearia was named in his honour by Conrad Moench.

Johann Gottfried was a member of a large, extended family of pastors, theologians, professors and lawyers in Halle, Leipzig and Weissenfels. His younger brother was Johann Olearius.

St. Paul's Church, Frankfurt am Main
St Paul's Church (German: Paulskirche) in Frankfurt am Main is a former church building used as an exhibition, memorial and meeting place. It was built between 1789 and 1833 to replace the medieval "Barfüßerkirche", which was demolished in 1786, and served as Frankfurt's main Protestant-Lutheran church until 1944, when it was replaced by St Catherine's Church. From 1848 to 1849, the delegates of the Frankfurt National Assembly, the first parliament for the whole of Germany, met in the neoclassical circular building designed by architect Johann Friedrich Christian Hess. Alongside Hambach Castle, St Paul's Church is thus regarded as a symbol of the democratic movement in Germany and a national symbol. However, almost nothing remains of the interior from this most important era for St Paul's Church and the history of German democracy.
Compartmentalized ciliogenesis
Compartmentalized ciliogenesis is the most common type of ciliogenesis where the cilium axoneme is formed separated from the cytoplasm by the ciliary membrane and a ciliary gate known as the transition zone.

Axoneme
In molecular biology, an axoneme is the microtubule-based cytoskeletal structure that forms the core of a cilium or flagellum. Cilia and flagella are found on many eukaryotic cells, including both multicellular organisms and unicellular microorganisms. Motor proteins are attached to the axoneme of many cilia and flagella whose action causes periodic bending to drive cell swimming or motion of surrounding fluid, although not all cilia have motor proteins and can be unable to move. Though distinctions of function and length may be made between cilia and flagella, the internal structure of the axoneme is common to both.
Enigma (1982 film)
Enigma is a 1982 Cold War spy film directed by Jeannot Szwarc, from a screenplay by John Briley, starring Martin Sheen, Sam Neill, Brigitte Fossey, Derek Jacobi, Michael Lonsdale, Frank Finlay and Kevin McNally. Based on Michael Barak's 1978 novel Enigma Sacrifice, the film centers on a CIA agent who tries to infiltrate Soviet intelligence in order to stop a murderous plot.

The film was a British and French co-production. It was released in the United Kingdom on October 15, 1982. Enigma received mixed reviews from critics, and was a commercial disappointment.

John Briley
Richard John Briley (June 25, 1925 – December 14, 2019) was an American writer best known for screenplays of biographical films. He won the Best Original Screenplay Oscar at the 55th Academy Awards for Gandhi (1982). As well as film scripts, he wrote for television and theatre, and published several novels.