hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nachman Dushanski
Nachman Dushanski (Lithuanian: Nachmanas Dušanskis, Russian: Нахман Ноахович Душанский, Hebrew: נחמן דושנסקי; December 29, 1919 – February 20, 2008) was a Lithuanian-born Jewish officer of Soviet security agencies. His parents and three of his four siblings were killed in The Holocaust. For over thirty years, he was involved in the suppression of the anti-Soviet Lithuanian partisans. In Russia, he was regarded as a war hero and was awarded the Medal for Courage, Order of the Patriotic War, and Order of Lenin, while many Lithuanians perceived him as a war criminal for the killing and torture of Viktoras Vitkauskas, Juozas Lukša, and other partisans. In 1989, Dushanski immigrated to Israel. After Lithuania declared independence in 1990, Lithuanian prosecutors began a case for 9 criminal activities, but Israel refused to extradite him on the grounds that the case was motivated by anti-Semitism. Dushanski died a free man in 2008.

Chronology of Soviet secret police agencies
There were a succession of Soviet secret police agencies over time. The Okhrana was abolished by the Provisional government after the first revolution of 1917, and the first secret police after the October Revolution, created by Vladimir Lenin's decree on December 20, 1917, was called "Cheka" (ЧК). Officers were referred to as "chekists", a name that is still informally applied to people under the Federal Security Service of Russia, the KGB's successor in Russia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

For most agencies listed here, secret policing operations were only part of their function; for instance, the KGB was both a secret police and an intelligence agency.
Backcountry.com
Backcountry.com is an American online specialty retailer that sells clothing and outdoor recreation gear for hiking, camping, road biking, mountain biking, rock climbing, winter sports, fly fishing, kayaking, rafting, road and trail running, and more. Founded in 1996 and headquartered in Utah, the company operates multiple e-commerce platforms and formerly owned a network of niche gear websites. Backcountry.com expanded into Europe with its 2013 acquisition of German retailer Bergfreunde.de. As of 2024, it is owned by CSC Generation.

Kayaking
Kayaking is the use of a kayak for moving over water. It is distinguished from canoeing by the sitting position of the paddler and the number of blades on the paddle. A kayak is a low-to-the-water, canoe-like boat in which the paddler sits facing forward, legs in front, using a double-bladed paddle to pull front-to-back on one side and then the other in rotation. Most kayaks have closed decks, although sit-on-top and inflatable kayaks are growing in popularity as well.
Michel-Bruno Bellengé
Michel-Bruno Bellengé (1726 – 13 December 1793) was a French painter.

Bellengé was one of the first students of the Rouen School founded by Jean-Baptiste Descamps. He won three awards there between 1748 and 1751.

He specialized in painting flowers on enamel, as well as vegetables and fruits. He worked to paint the ceiling of the La Celle-Saint-Cloud under the direction of Jean-Baptiste Marie Pierre. He also worked with Jean-Baptiste-Henri Deshays. Approved in 1762, he was received in 1764 to the Rouen Academy of Arts on the recommendation of Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin who believed in him.

Appointed director of the Turkey carpet factory in Trocadéro, he made the drawings in which the tapestries were executed for the choir of Notre Dame. It is currently housed in The Louvre.

Ruined by the French Revolution, Bellengé finished widowed and paralyzed for the rest of his life. He died on 13 December 1793 in Rouen.

Jean-Baptiste Descamps
Jean-Baptiste Descamps (French: [ʒɑ̃.ba.tist de.kɑ̃]; 28 August 1714, Dunkerque – 30 June 1791, Rouen) was a French writer on art and artists, and painter of village scenes. He later founded an academy of art and his son later became a museum curator.
1998 World Grand Prix (darts)
The 1998 World Grand Prix was a darts tournament organised by the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) and held at the Casino Rooms in Rochester, England between 14–18 October, 1998. It was the first year of the tournament and replaced the World Pairs tournament, which ran from 1995 to 1997.

The tournament was formatted unusually, in that players had to start each leg by hitting a double, in addition to the traditional double to finish. It also featured the "best of three" legs per set format, rather than five, for the first and only time in the tournament's history. The "best of three" format was usually associated with BDO events such as the Winmau World Masters.

Phil Taylor took the inaugural title, beating world number one, Rod Harrington in the final.

Rod Harrington
Rodney Kenneth Harrington (born 30 December 1957) is an English former professional darts player and commentator. He used the nickname "The Prince of Style" for his matches, often wearing a suit and waistcoat for his games. Harrington enjoyed some major success during his professional career including the prestigious Winmau World Masters in 1991 and two successive World Matchplays in 1998 and 1999. At the PDC Awards Dinner held in January 2019, Harrington was inducted into the PDC Hall of Fame.
HMS Orestes (1824)
HMS Orestes was a 18-gun sloop built and launched at Portsmouth Dockyard in May 1824. The vessel became the fifth ship to carry the name Orestes, named after the Greek mythological figure who was the son of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra. Ordered on 21 May 1821 and laid down in April 1823, the sloop was designed by shipbuilder, James Inman.

Clytemnestra
In Greek mythology, Clytemnestra (/ˌklaɪtəmˈnɛstrə/, UK also /klaɪtəmˈniːstrə/; Ancient Greek: Κλυταιμνήστρα, romanized: Klutaimnḗstra, pronounced [klytai̯mnɛ̌ːstraː]), was the wife of Agamemnon, king of Mycenae, and the half-sister of Helen of Troy. With Agamemnon, she was the mother of Orestes and Electra.

Clytemnestra appears as a character in multiple ancient Greek works, including the Homeric epics and plays by Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. She is infamous for murdering Agamemnon and the Trojan princess Cassandra, whom Agamemnon had taken as a war prize, when they returned from Trojan War. However, in Homer's Odyssey and Iliad, her role in Agamemnon's death is unclear and her character is significantly more subdued.
2024 Irish Greyhound Derby
The 2024 Boylesports Irish Greyhound Derby took place during October and November 2024, with the final being held on 23 November at Shelbourne Park. The competition was sponsored by BoyleSports and the prize money purse was €300,000, of which €125,000 went to the winner.

The competition was moved from its traditional Summer slot sue to a major refurbishment of Shelboure Park.

The winner was a black dog called Bockos Diamond, trained by Graham Holland, bred by Joseph O'Connor and owned by the Remember Them Syndicate. Bockos Diamond lit up the competition breaking and equalling the track record in two rounds of the competition on his way to an unbeaten success. Six flawless runs saw him become the shortest priced winner of a final in the event's history and extend his race record to a 15th consecutive win in just his 16th race.

BoyleSports
BOYLE Sports is an Irish gambling company founded in 1982. Its product offering includes sports betting, online casino, online poker, and online bingo. Business operations are led from its headquarters in Dundalk, and a satellite office in Gibraltar. As of 2025, it has over 380 retail branches throughout Ireland and the UK.
Mark Levitan
Mark Levitan (May 12, 1948 - May 21, 2021) was an American academic.
He received a PhD from the New School for Social Research in  1994 with a thesis "Stability and change in the inter-industry wage distribution : the case of U.S. manufacturing, 1973 to 1987".
He wrote a number of reports for the Community Service Society of New York and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.  Levitan served as the Director of Poverty Research at the New York City Center for Economic Opportunity (CEO) for seven years, leading efforts to create an alternate poverty measure that sought to account for New York City's high cost of living and the effects of anti-poverty programs.

The New School for Social Research
The New School for Social Research (NSSR), previously known as The University in Exile and The New School University, is a graduate-level educational division of The New School in New York City, United States. NSSR enrolls more than 1,000 students from the United States, as well as students from other countries.
John Casey (mathematician)
John Casey (12 May 1820, Kilbehenny, County Limerick, Ireland – 3 January 1891, Dublin) was a respected Irish geometer. He is most famous for Casey's theorem on a circle that is tangent to four other circles, an extension of Ptolemy's theorem. However, he contributed several novel proofs and perspectives on Euclidean geometry. He and Émile Lemoine are considered to be the co-founders of the modern geometry of the circle and the triangle.

County Limerick
County Limerick (Irish: Contae Luimnigh) is a western county in Ireland. It is in the province of Munster and is located in the Mid-West which comprises part of the Southern Region. It is named after the city of Limerick. Limerick City and County Council is the local council for the county. The county's population at the 2022 census was 209,536 of whom 102,287 lived in Limerick City, the county capital.
Apollo Adlux Hospital
Apollo Adlux Hospital is a 250-bedded tertiary care hospital, located at Karukutty, Angamaly, Kerala. Started in 2018, it is a joint venture of Apollo Hospitals and Adlux Group, the first of Apollo Hospitals in the state.

Angamaly
Angamaly (Malayalam pronunciation: [ɐŋgɐmɐːli]) is a municipality in the Ernakulam district of Kerala, India. Angamaly is part of the Kochi metropolitan area and is located northeast of the Kochi city centre. As of the 2011 Indian census, the municipality has a population of 33,465 people and a population density of 1,633/km2 (4,230/sq mi).
Fayetteville Convention
The Fayetteville Convention was a meeting by 271 delegates from North Carolina to ratify the US Constitution. Governor Samuel Johnston presided over the convention, which met in Fayetteville, North Carolina, from November 16 to 23, 1789 to debate on and decide on the ratification of the Constitution, which had recommended to the states by the Philadelphia Convention during the summer of 1787. The delegates ratified the Constitution by a vote of 194 to 77, thus making North Carolina the 12th state to ratify the constitution.

Ratification
Ratification is a principal's legal confirmation of an act of its agent. In international law, ratification is the process by which a state declares its consent to be bound to a treaty. In the case of bilateral treaties, ratification is usually accomplished by exchanging the requisite instruments, and in the case of multilateral treaties, the usual procedure is for the depositary to collect the ratifications of all states, keeping all parties informed of the situation.

The institution of ratification grants states the necessary time-frame to seek the required approval for the treaty on the domestic level and to enact the necessary legislation to give domestic effect to that treaty. The term applies to private contract law, international treaties, and constitutions in federal states such as the United States and Canada. The term is also used in parliamentary procedure in deliberative assemblies.
1865–66 Colombian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in the United States of Colombia in 1865 and February 1866. The electors were elected in 1865 and elected the president the following year. The result was a victory for Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera of the Liberal Party.

Colombian Liberal Party
The Colombian Liberal Party (Spanish: Partido Liberal Colombiano; PLC) is a  centre-left political party in Colombia. It was founded as a classical liberal party but later developed a more social-democratic tradition, joining the Socialist International in 1999.

The Liberal Party along with the Colombian Conservative Party dominated the Colombian political scene from the end of the 19th century until 2002, in bipartisan political hegemony. The two parties were in direct military conflict between 1948 and 1958, during the civil war period known as La Violencia, after which they established the "National Front", agreeing to rotate power, intercalating for a period of four presidential terms. The election victory of independent candidate Álvaro Uribe in 2002 put an end to dominance of two party politics in Colombia.

Currently, the Liberal Party is the largest party in Congress and supported the left-wing presidency of Gustavo Petro until leaving Petro's coalition on 28 November 2023.
R. S. F. de Mel
R. F. S. de Mel was a Ceylonese politician. The son of Sir Henry De Mel and Lady Elsie De Mel (nee Jayawickrema), he was elected to the Colombo Municipal Council and served as the Mayor of Colombo in 1945 and from 1947 to 1949. He was elected a member of the Senate of Ceylon in 1947. His brother was the Right Reverend Lakdasa De Mel, the first Bishop of Kurunegala and his cousin R. A. de Mel was also a Mayor of Colombo.

Diocese of Kurunegala
The Diocese of Kurunegala is a diocese of the Church of Ceylon (which is part of the Anglican Communion). The See was erected in 1950 from that of the Diocese of Colombo as one of two dioceses of the Church of England in Ceylon.

The diocese covers the districts of Kurunegala, Kandy, Matale, Kegalle, Anuradhapura, and Polonnaruwa.
Langley Green railway station
Langley Green railway station serves the Langley Green area of the town of Oldbury in Sandwell, in the West Midlands, England.  It is located on the Birmingham to Worcester via Kidderminster Line.  The station is managed by West Midlands Trains, who provide the majority of train services; there are also occasional services provided by Chiltern Railways.

West Midlands Trains
WM Trains Limited, doing business as West Midlands Trains, is a British state-owned train operating company that operates commuter and local services in the West Midlands region and on the West Coast Main Line between London and the Northwest under two trading names: within the West Midlands region as West Midlands Railway (WMR) and outside the region as London Northwestern Railway (LNR). It assumed responsibility  for these services on 1 February 2026 at the conclusion of the outsourcing contract previously placed with Transport UK Group and Mitsui & Co.
Rancho Collayomi
Rancho Collayomi  (also called Rancho Callayomi) was a  8,242-acre (33.35 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Lake County, California given in 1844  by Governor Manuel Micheltorena to Robert T. Ridley.   Rancho Collayomi was one of three land grants (along with Rancho Lupyomi and Rancho Guenoc) in Lake County.   Lake County was formed in 1861 of land taken mainly from Napa County and the northwest portion taken from Mendocino County.

Lake County, California
Lake County is a county located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 68,163. The county seat is Lakeport. The county takes its name from Clear Lake, the dominant geographic feature in the county and the largest non-extinct natural lake wholly within California. (Lake Tahoe is partially in Nevada; the Salton Sea was formed by flooding; Tulare Lake was drained by the agricultural industry.)

Lake County forms the Clearlake, California micropolitan statistical area. It is directly north of the San Francisco Bay Area.

Lake County is part of California's Wine Country, which also includes Napa, Sonoma, and Mendocino counties. It includes nine American Viticultural Areas and around 20 bonded wineries.
Šmartno ob Dreti
Šmartno ob Dreti (pronounced [ˈʃmaːɾtnɔ ɔb ˈdɾeːti]) is a village on the Dreta River in the Municipality of Nazarje in Slovenia. The area belongs to the traditional region of Styria and is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Municipality of Nazarje
The Municipality of Nazarje (pronounced [ˈnaːzaɾjɛ]; Slovene: Občina Nazarje) is a municipality in Slovenia. It lies along the Dreta River. The seat of the municipality is the town of Nazarje. The area belongs to the traditional region of Styria and it is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region. The municipality was established on 3 October 1994, when the former larger Municipality of Mozirje was subdivided into the municipalities of Gornji Grad, Ljubno, Luče, Mozirje, and Nazarje. On 6 August 1998 the settlement of Prihova was transferred from the Municipality of Mozirje to the Municipality of Nazarje.
Phil Belbin
Phil Belbin (1925–1993) was an Australian artist, illustrator, cartoonist and amateur cinematographer. He is probably best known for creating what soon became known as the "Candy" multi-colour livery for the State Rail Authority in the 1980s.  He is still regarded as one of Australia's leading steam enthusiasts, and had an extensive personal collection of several small steam locos; loco name plates; builder's plates and other railway memorabilia. His legacy lives on through his extensive film collection which he took in the final two decades of NSWGR steam.

Builder's plate
A builder's plate is usually a metal plate that is attached to railway locomotives and rolling stock, bogies, construction equipment, trucks, automobiles, large household appliances, bridges, ships and more. 
It gives such information as the name of the manufacturer, the place and country of manufacture, the model number, the serial number, as well as the date of manufacture or date of fabrication of the item or unit.
Andy Hewlett
Andy Hewlett was an American football and basketball coach. He served as the head football coach at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland in 1948 and Georgetown College in Georgetown, Kentucky in 1950. Hewlett was also the head basketball coach at Georgetown for one season, in 1950–51. He previously worked as the backfield coach for the Baltimore Colts of the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) in 1947.

Georgetown, Kentucky
Georgetown is a home rule-class city in Scott County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 37,086 at the 2020 census. It is the sixth-most populous city in Kentucky. It is the seat of its county. It was originally called Lebanon when founded by Rev. Elijah Craig and was renamed in 1790 in honor of President George Washington. Historically, settlers were drawn to Georgetown for its Royal Spring.

It is the home of Georgetown College, a private liberal arts college. Georgetown is part of the Lexington-Fayette, KY Metropolitan Statistical Area. At one time the city served as the training camp home for the NFL's Cincinnati Bengals.

The city's growth began in the mid-1980s, when Toyota built Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky, its first wholly owned United States plant, in Georgetown. The plant opened in 1988; it builds the Camry, Camry Hybrid, Lexus ES, and RAV4 Hybrid automobiles.
USS Needle
USS Needle (SP-649) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919.

Needle was built as a private motorboat of the same name by George Lawley & Son at Neponset, Massachusetts, in 1906. On 9 June 1917, the U.S. Navy acquired her from her owner, George L. Batchelder of Medford, Massachusetts, for use as a section patrol boat during World War I. She was commissioned as USS Needle (SP-649) on 20 June 1917.

Needle carried out patrol duties for the rest of World War I and into 1919.

Needle was stricken from the Navy List on 18 August 1919 and sold to Morgan Barney of New York City on 16 September 1919.

Medford, Massachusetts
Medford is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. At the time of the 2020 United States census, Medford's population was 59,659. It is home to Tufts University, which has its campus on both sides of the Medford and Somerville border.
2017 Karshi Challenger – Doubles
Enrique López-Pérez and Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Denys Molchanov and Sergiy Stakhovsky won the title after defeating Kevin Krawietz and Adrián Menéndez-Maceiras 6–4, 7–6(9–7) in the final.

Adrián Menéndez Maceiras
Adrián Menéndez Maceiras (Spanish pronunciation: [aˈðɾjam meˈnendeθ maˈθejɾas]; born 28 October 1985) is a Spanish former tennis player. He has a career high-ranking singles of World No. 111, achieved in June 2015.

Menéndez Maceiras has reached the finals of fourteen Futures tournaments, winning nine of them. He has won four Challenger tournaments, lifting his maiden title at the 2007 Open Diputación Challenger in Pozoblanco, Spain defeating Dudi Sela in the final.
Afro-soul
Afro-soul is a genre of music that blends elements of soul music with African rhythms and instrumentation. It combines emotive vocal styles and lyrical themes characteristic of soul with traditional African musical elements, including indigenous rhythms, percussion instruments such as drums and shakers, and local languages or dialects.

While artists such as South African singer Miriam Makeba helped popularize soul-influenced African music in the 1950s and 1960s, the term "Afro-soul" has been more commonly used in later decades to describe a range of contemporary artists across Africa. The genre has since grown in popularity across the continent and internationally, often overlapping with styles like Afrobeat, neo-soul, and R&B.

Shaker (musical instrument)
The word shaker describes various Percussive musical instruments used for creating rhythm in music.

They are called shakers because the method of creating the sound involves shaking them – moving them back and forth in the air rather than striking them. Most may also be struck for a greater accent on certain beats. Shakers are often used in rock and other popular styles of music to provide the ride pattern along with or substituting for the ride cymbal.
2022 California Proposition 26
Proposition 26, known as the Legalize Sports Betting on American Indian Lands Initiative was a California ballot proposition that was rejected by voters in the general election on November 8, 2022. The proposition would have legalized in-person sports gambling at tribal casinos and horse racetracks in California, as well as additional gambling games such as craps and roulette at tribal casinos, and would have created a 10% tax on profits derived from sports betting at racetracks. Voters rejected the proposal overwhelmingly with more than two-thirds of the vote, and the proposition being defeated in every county.

A Native American tribe's authority to offer such games would need to be negotiated with the state.

Craps
Craps is a dice game in which players bet on the outcomes of the roll of a pair of dice. Players can wager money against each other (playing "street craps") or against a bank ("casino craps"). Because it requires little equipment, "street craps" can be played in informal settings. While shooting craps, players may use slang terminology to place bets and actions.