hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Whittaker (ecologist)
Robert Harding Whittaker (December 27, 1920 – October 20, 1980) was an American plant ecologist, active from the 1950s to the 1970s. He was the first to propose the five kingdom taxonomic classification of the world's biota into the Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Monera in 1969. He also proposed the Whittaker Biome Classification, which categorized biome types upon two abiotic factors: temperature and precipitation. He proposed the concepts of Alpha diversity, Beta diversity, and Gamma diversity.

Whittaker was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1974, received the Ecological Society of America's Eminent Ecologist Award in 1981, and was otherwise widely recognized and honored. He collaborated with many other ecologists including George Woodwell (Dartmouth), W. A. Niering, F. H. Bormann (Yale), and G. E. Likens (Cornell), and was particularly active in cultivating international collaborations

Ecological Society of America
The Ecological Society of America (ESA) is a professional organization of ecological scientists. Based in the United States and founded in 1915, ESA publications include peer-reviewed journals, newsletters, fact sheets, and teaching resources. It holds an annual meeting at different locations in the USA and Canada. In addition to its publications and annual meeting, ESA is engaged in public policy, science, education, and diversity issues.

ESA's 9,000 members are researchers, educators, natural resource managers, and students in over 90 countries. Members work on a wide range of topics, from agroecology to marine diversity, and explore the relationships between organisms and their past, present, and future environments. As of June 2023 the society has 32 topical sections, six regional chapters, and ten committees.
Unknown French boy
An "unknown French boy" is recorded to have participated as the coxswain for the gold-winning mixed team (which was the Dutch team prior to his joining) in the men's coxed pair rowing competition at the 1900 Summer Olympics. Believed to possibly be the youngest Olympic medalist in history, the identity of the boy remains unknown and has been the subject of investigation for many years. Despite being referred to as the "unknown French boy" in Olympic archives, his nationality is not known with certainty.

Coxswain (rowing)
In a rowing crew, the coxswain (/ˈkɒksən/ KOK-sən or /ˈkɒksweɪn/ KOK-swayn; colloquially known as the cox or coxie) is a crewmember who does not row but directs the boat. The coxswain sits facing the bow, unlike the rowers, and is responsible for steering the boat and coordinating the power and rhythm of the rowers. The coxswain's role while on the water is similar to that of an assistant coach or team captain, and they are sometimes also called upon to implement the training regimen or race plan.

In most racing, coxswains may be of either sex regardless of the sex of the rowers. Often they are women, since women are more likely to be near the ideal weight of a cox, which is 110 lbs or 120 lbs for USRowing and 55 kg for World Rowing (see Sex, and Weight, below).
Pavle, Serbian Patriarch (died 2009)
Patriarch Pavle (Serbian Cyrillic: Патријарх Павле, Patriarch Paul; secular name: Gojko Stojčević, Serbian Cyrillic: Гојко Сточевић; 11 September 1914 – 15 November 2009) was the Patriarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church from 1990 to his death. His full title was: His Holiness the Archbishop of Peć, Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci, and Serbian Patriarch Pavle.

Before his death, he was the oldest living leader of an Eastern Orthodox church. Because of poor health, he spent his last years in the Military Medical Academy in Belgrade, while his duties were carried out by Metropolitan Amfilohije (Radović) of Montenegro and the Littoral.

Knin
Knin (pronounced [knîːn]) is a city in the Šibenik-Knin County of Croatia, located in the Dalmatian hinterland near the source of the river Krka, an important traffic junction on the rail and road routes between Zagreb and Split. Knin rose to prominence twice in history, as the capital of both the medieval Kingdom of Croatia and briefly of the self-proclaimed Republic of Serbian Krajina within the newly independent Republic of Croatia for the duration of the Croatian War of Independence from 1991 to 1995.
Southdean
Southdean is a hamlet in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, on the A6088, by the Jed Water and in the Wauchope Forest area. Other settlements nearby include Abbotrule, Bedrule, Bonchester Bridge, Denholm, Hallrule, Hobkirk and the Swinnie Forest.

Ruins which can be seen nearby include the remains of Southdean Old Parish Church, the remains of Dykeraw Tower, and the remains of Slack's Tower.

James Telfer (1802 - 1862) was born in Southdean, and he became a teacher. He wrote ballads about farming life.

Jed Water
The Jed Water is a river and a tributary of the River Teviot in the Borders region of Scotland.

In total the Jed Water is over 21.75 miles (35.00 km) long and it falls 1,375 feet (0.419 km). It flows into the Teviot near Jedfoot Bridge (grid reference NT660243) two miles north of Jedburgh. Jed Water rises from a source on Carlin Tooth 55°18′55″N 2°34′50″W﻿ / ﻿55.31528°N 2.58056°W﻿ / 55.31528; -2.58056﻿ (Carlin Tooth) in the Cheviot Hills where it is first known as Raven Burn.
Tommy Tatum
V T "Tommy" Tatum (July 16, 1919 – November 7, 1989) was an American center fielder in Major League Baseball who played with the Brooklyn Dodgers and Cincinnati Reds in 1941 and 1947. Born in Decatur, Texas, he served in the Army from 1942 to 1946 during World War II.

In 81 games over two major league seasons, Tatum posted a .258 batting average (50-for-194) with 20 runs, 1 home run and 17 RBIs.

He was the manager of the Oklahoma City Indians from 1951 to 1955 after his playing career ended. He died at age 70 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

Center fielder
A center fielder, abbreviated CF, is the outfielder in baseball who plays defense in center field – the baseball and softball fielding position between left field and right field. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the center fielder is assigned the number 8.
KOIT
KOIT (96.5 FM) is a commercial adult contemporary radio station licensed to San Francisco, California. The station has studios along Junipero Serra Boulevard in Daly City, and transmits from Sutro Tower in San Francisco, with a power output of 24,000 watts effective radiated power. The signal can be received throughout the Bay Area with relative ease. There is also a booster station in Martinez, California called KOIT-FM3 that improves the coverage in the Diablo Valley area.

KOIT is owned by Salt Lake City–based Bonneville International. From 2007 through 2017, the station was owned by Entercom. As part of its merger with CBS Radio, the company was required to divest four of its radio stations in San Francisco in order stay within ownership caps. KOIT was placed in a trust and was subsequently reacquired by Bonneville, which had owned the station from 1975 until the sale to Entercom.

KOIT broadcasts in HD.

Martinez, California
Martinez (Spanish: Martínez) is a city in and the county seat of Contra Costa County, California, United States, in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. Located on the southern shore of the Carquinez Strait, the city's population was 37,287 at the 2020 census. The city is named after Californio ranchero Ygnacio Martínez, having been founded on his Rancho El Pinole. Martinez is known for its historic center and its waterfront.
2012–13 UCI Track Cycling World Cup
The 2012–2013 UCI Track Cycling World Cup (also known as the 2012–2013 UCI Track Cycling World Cup, presented by Samsung for sponsorship reasons.) is a multi race tournament over a track cycling. It was the twenty-first series of the UCI Track Cycling World Cup organised by the Union Cycliste Internationale. The series ran from 11 October 2012 to 19 January 2013 and consisted of three rounds in Cali, Glasgow and Aguascalientes.

Cali
Santiago de Cali (Spanish pronunciation: [sanˈtjaɣo ðe ˈkali]), or Cali, is the capital of the Valle del Cauca department, and the most populous city in southwest Colombia, with an estimated 2,280,522 residents in 2023. The city spans 560.3 km2 (216.3 sq mi) with 120.9 km2 (46.7 sq mi) of urban area, making Cali the second-largest city in the country by area and the third most populous. Cali is the main urban and economic center in the south of the country, and has one of Colombia's fastest-growing economies. The city was founded on 25 July 1536 by the Spanish explorer Sebastián de Belalcázar.

As a sporting center for Colombia, it was the host city for the 1971 Pan American Games. Cali also hosted the 1992 World Wrestling Championships, the 2013 edition of the World Games, the UCI Track Cycling World Championships in 2014, the World Youth Championships in Athletics in 2015 as well as the inaugural Junior Pan American Games in 2021 and the 2022 World Athletics U20 Championships.
Genaille–Lucas rulers
Genaille–Lucas rulers (also known as Genaille's rods) are an arithmetic tool invented by Henri Genaille, a French railway engineer, in 1891.  The device is a variant of Napier's bones.  By representing the carry graphically, the user can read off the results of simple multiplication problems directly, with no intermediate mental calculations.

Carry (arithmetic)
In elementary arithmetic, a carry is a digit that is transferred from one column of digits to another column of more significant digits. It is part of the standard algorithm to add numbers together by starting with the rightmost digits and working to the left. For example, when 6 and 7 are added to make 13, the "3" is written to the same column and the "1" is carried to the left. When used in subtraction the operation is called a borrow.

Carrying is emphasized in traditional mathematics, while curricula based on reform mathematics do not emphasize any specific method to find a correct answer.

Carrying makes a few appearances in higher mathematics as well. In computing, carrying is an important function of adder circuits.
Ekaterina Ivanova
Ekaterina Ivanova is the name of:

Ekaterina Ivanova (mountaineer) (1962-1994), Russian mountaineer

Ekaterina Ivanova (biathlete) (born 1977), Belarusian biathlete

Ekaterina Ivanova (tennis) (born 1987), Russian tennis player

Ekaterina 'Katia' Ivanova (born 1988), Kazakhstan born British ex-girlfriend of Rolling Stone Ronnie Wood and contestant in Celebrity Big Brother 2010 (UK)

Ekaterina 'Katya' Ivanova, a main character in Gloria Whelan's Russian Saga

Ekaterina Ivanova (mountaineer)
Ekaterina Nikolaevna Ivanova (née Dorofeeva, Russian: Екатерина Николаевна Иванова; 1 April 1962 – 10 October 1994) was a Soviet and Russian mountaineer. In 1990, she became the first Soviet female to successfully climb Mount Everest, and was named as an Honoured Master of Sports of the USSR.
Fancy (surname)
Fancy is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

John Fancy (1913–2008), British Second World War airman and prisoner of war whose escapes inspired the book and film The Great Escape

Richard Fancy (born 1943), American actor

Stuart Fancy (born 1959), British chess FIDE Master who competes for Papua New Guinean

Arthur Fancy, a character on the TV series NYPD Blue

Arthur Fancy
Capt. Arthur Fancy is a character in the television series NYPD Blue. He is played by James McDaniel from seasons one through eight. McDaniel appears in all 167 episodes, from the show's 1993 pilot to the 2001 episode in which his departure is depicted.
George McKay (Australian politician)
George McKay (17 March 1819 – 30 July 1898) was a Scottish-born Australian politician.

He was born on the Isle of Mull in Argyllshire and migrated to Sydney in 1838. He worked on a Bathurst farm before going to the California gold rushes, returning to Australia in 1851. In that year he married Margaret McLean, with whom he had nine children. After ten years as a publican at Orange, he became a farmer at Collwood and an alderman on Orange Council. In 1867 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Orange, but he did not re-contest in 1869. McKay died at Orange in 1898.

Orange, New South Wales
Orange is a city in the Central Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia. It is 254 km (158 mi) west of the state capital, Sydney [206 km (128 mi) on a great circle], at an altitude of 862 metres (2,828 ft). Orange had an urban population of 41,920 at the 2021 Census, making the city a significant regional centre. A significant nearby landmark is Mount Canobolas with a peak elevation of 1,395 m (4,577 ft) AHD and commanding views of the district. Orange is situated within the traditional lands of the Wiradjuri tribe.

Orange was the birthplace of poets Banjo Paterson and Kenneth Slessor, although Paterson lived in Orange for only a short time as an infant. Walter W. Stone, book publisher (Wentworth Books) and passionate supporter of Australian literature, was also born in Orange. The first Australian Touring Car Championship, known today as the Supercars Championship, was held at the Gnoo Blas Motor Racing Circuit in 1960.
Goldscheider
Goldscheider is a Jewish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred Goldscheider (1858–1935), German neurologist

Friedrich Goldscheider (1845–1897), Bohemia-born Austrian manufacturer of the Goldscheider ceramics

Ludwig Goldscheider (1896–1973), Austrian-English art historian

Alexander Goldscheider (born 1950), Czech composer and music producer

Hans-Günter Goldscheider (born 1944), German neurologist

Alfred Goldscheider
Johannes Karl Eugen Alfred Goldscheider (4 August 1858 – 10 April 1935) was a German neurologist born into a Jewish family in Sommerfeld, Kingdom of Prussia.

He studied medicine at Friedrich-Wilhelm Medical-Surgical Institute in Berlin (promotion 1881), and subsequently spent the next seven years as a military physician. During this period of time, he also served as an assistant to physiologist Emil du Bois-Reymond (1818-1896). He later became a professor at the University of Berlin.

In Berlin, he served as directing physician at the Krankenhaus Moabit (from 1894) and at the Virchow-Krankenhaus (from 1906). In 1910 he succeeded Hermann Senator at the polyclinic.
Ambikesh Mahapatra
Ambikesh Mahapatra is an Indian academic with the Department of Chemistry at Jadavpur University, He gained national attention due to his arrest in 2012 for sharing a satirical cartoon about West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee, leading to a prolonged legal battle where he spent 10 years in jail before his acquittal in 2023. His persecution has been recognized as a symbol of Mamta Bannerjee's intolerance for dissent.

Information Technology Act, 2000
The Information Technology Act, 2000 (also known as ITA-2000, or the IT Act) is an Act of the Indian Parliament (No 21 of 2000) notified on 17 October 2000. It is the primary law in India dealing with cybercrime and electronic commerce.

Secondary or subordinate legislation to the IT Act includes the Intermediary Guidelines Rules 2011 and the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021.
Manitoba Provincial Road 525
Provincial Road 525 (PR 525) is a short provincial road in southeastern Manitoba, Canada. It is a remote gravel road that runs from PR 308 east to the Canada–United States border at Northwest Angle, a practical exclave of Minnesota.

PR 525 provides the only land access to Northwest Angle from either country. The border crossing is unmanned; travellers must report to the Canadian or American authorities via a remote video connection from Northwest Angle prior to departure or upon arrival.

United States Border Patrol
The United States Border Patrol (USBP) is a federal law enforcement agency under the United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and is responsible for securing the borders of the United States. According to its website as of 2022, its mission is to "Protect the American people, safeguard our borders, and enhance the nation’s economic prosperity."

With 19,648 agents in 2019, the Border Patrol is one of the largest law enforcement agencies in the United States. For fiscal year 2017, Congress enacted a budget of $3,805,253,000 for the Border Patrol.
The Girl I Love She Got Long Black Wavy Hair
"The Girl I Love She Got Long Black Wavy Hair" (also known as "The Girl I Love") is a song performed by English rock band Led Zeppelin. It was recorded by the BBC on 16 June 1969 for Chris Grant's Tasty Pop Sundae show during the band's UK Tour of Summer 1969 and was broadcast on 22 June 1969. The song was later included on the live Led Zeppelin album BBC Sessions, released in 1997. It is the only known performance of the song by the band.

The lyrics in the first verse are an adaptation of the 1929 blues recording "The Girl I Love She Got Long Curley Hair" by Sleepy John Estes.  The 2016 remastered edition of The Complete BBC Sessions includes "Contains interpolations from "Let Me Love You Baby" by Willie Dixon [and] "Travelling Riverside Blues" by Robert Johnson" in the credits for the song.

Led Zeppelin United Kingdom Tour Summer 1969
Led Zeppelin's Summer 1969 United Kingdom Tour was a concert tour of the United Kingdom by the English rock band. The tour commenced on 8 June and concluded on 29 June 1969. It included a single show in Paris, France, performed for French television. This was the band's final ever television appearance, portions of which were later released on the Led Zeppelin DVD.

The band's tour was supported by Blodwyn Pig and The Liverpool Scene, and was promoted by the booking agency, Chrysalis.

On this tour, three of Led Zeppelin's performances were recorded and later broadcast by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). The performance on 16 June was broadcast on Chris Grant's Tasty Pop Sundae, the recording on 24 June was broadcast on John Peel's Top Gear, and the 27 June show was broadcast on the Radio One In Concert series. Selected songs from all of these recordings were subsequently made available on the 1997 album BBC Sessions.
Damak-e Aliabad
Damak-e Aliabad (Persian: دامك علي اباد, also Romanized as Dāmak-e ‘Alīābād; also known as Dāmak and Dāmok) is a village in Aliabad Rural District, in the Central District of Taft County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 114, in 36 families.

Yazd province
Yazd province (Persian: استان یزد) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran and is in the center of the country. Its capital is the city of Yazd. In 2014, it was placed in Region 5. The province has an area of 76,469 km2.
High-income trap
The high-income trap refers to the phenomenon of slower growth in most high-income, developed countries compared to lower-income countries. Some economists argue that there is more evidence for a high-income trap than the middle-income trap. Among the countries said to experience this trap are Taiwan and Japan.

Middle income trap
In development economics, the middle income trap is a situation where a country has developed until GDP per capita has reached a middle level of income, but the country does not develop further and does not attain high income country status. The term was introduced by the World Bank in 2007 who defined it as the "middle-income range" countries with gross national product per capita that has remained between $1,000 to $12,000 at constant (2011) prices.
Your Party (Japan)
Your Party (みんなの党, Minna no Tō; literally "Everyone's Party") is a Japanese parliamentary caucus consisting of Yoshimi Watanabe and Takashi Tachibana, later Satoshi Hamada after Tachibana forfeited his seat, in the House of Councillors. It was also a political party led by Watanabe from 2009 until its dissolution in 2014.

Satoshi Hamada
Satoshi Hamada (浜田 聡, Hamada Satoshi; born 11 May 1977 in Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture) is a Japanese politician and radiologist. He served as a member of the House of Councillors from 2019 until his loss in 2025.
Eddelak-Sankt Michaelisdonn
Kirchspielslandgemeinde Eddelak-Sankt Michaelisdonn was an Amt ("collective municipality") in the district of Dithmarschen, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It was situated near the Kiel Canal, approx. 25 km south of Heide, and 10 km north of Brunsbüttel. Its seat was in Sankt Michaelisdonn. In January 2008, it was merged with the Amt Kirchspielslandgemeinde Burg-Süderhastedt to form the Amt Burg-Sankt Michaelisdonn.

The Amt Kirchspielslandgemeinde Eddelak-Sankt Michaelisdonn consisted of the following municipalities (with population in 2005):

Averlak (640)

Dingen (714)

Eddelak (1.462)

Sankt Michaelisdonn (3.728)

53°59′N 9°07′E﻿ / ﻿53.983°N 9.117°E﻿ / 53.983; 9.117

Brunsbüttel
Brunsbüttel (German pronunciation: [ˈbʁʊnsbʏtl̩] ⓘ; Northern Low Saxon: Bruunsbüddel) is an industry and harbour town in the district of Dithmarschen, in Schleswig-Holstein, northern Germany that lies at the mouth of the Elbe river, near the North Sea. It is the location of the western entrance to the Kiel Canal.
Timber pilings
Timber pilings serve as the foundations of many historic structures such as canneries, wharves, and shore buildings. The old pilings present challenging problems during restoration as they age and are destroyed by organisms and decay. Replacing the foundation entirely is possible but expensive. Regularly inspecting and maintaining timber piles may extend the life of the foundation.

Shipworm
The shipworms, also called teredo worms or simply teredo (from Ancient Greek  τερηδών (terēdṓn) 'wood-worm', via Latin terēdō), are marine bivalve molluscs in the family Teredinidae, a group of saltwater clams with long and soft bodies. They are notorious for boring into (and commonly eventually destroying) wood that is immersed in seawater, including such structures as wooden piers, docks, and ships; they drill passages by means of a pair of very small shells ("valves") borne at one end, with which they rasp their way through. They are sometimes called "termites of the sea". Carl Linnaeus assigned the common name Teredo to the best-known genus of shipworms in the 10th edition of his taxonomic magnum opus, Systema Naturæ (1758).
Kōbu gattai
Kōbu gattai (公武合体, Union of the Imperial Court and the Shogunate) was a policy in the Bakumatsu era of Japanese history aiming to strengthen Japan against the perceived "foreign threat" by obtaining a political coordination between the Tokugawa shogunate, certain major feudal domains and the Japanese Imperial Court.

Xenophobia
Xenophobia (from Ancient Greek  ξένος (xénos) 'strange, foreign, or alien' and  φόβος (phóbos) 'fear') is the fear or dislike of people who are perceived as being foreign or strange. It is an expression that is based on the perception that a conflict exists between an in-group and an out-group and it may manifest itself in suspicion of one group's activities by members of the other group, a desire to eliminate the presence of the group that is the target of suspicion, and fear of losing a national, ethnic, or racial identity.