hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cheqollo
Cheqollo (Quechua for nightingale) is an archaeological site in Peru. It is located in the Cusco Region, Cusco Province, San Jerónimo District, north of San Jerónimo. The site was declared a National Cultural Heritage (Patrimonio Cultural) by Resolucion Directorial Nacional No. 514/ 2003.

Department of Cusco
Cusco,  also spelled Cuzco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkusko]; Aymara and Quechua: Qusqu [ˈqɔsqɔ]), is a department of Peru. It is the fourth-largest in the country, after Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto, and borders the departments of Ucayali on the north; Madre de Dios and Puno on the east; Arequipa on the south; and Apurímac, Ayacucho and Junín on the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is Cusco, the historical capital of the Inca Empire.
Trolleybuses in Manchester
The trolleybus system in Manchester, England, opened on 1 March 1938 (1938-03-01), and gradually replaced certain routes of the Manchester tramway network. Manchester was a belated convert to trolleybuses having already started a programme of tram to diesel bus conversion in the mid-1930s and this, overall, continued to be the preferred option for tram conversion that was completed in 1949.

By the standards of the various now defunct trolleybus systems in the United Kingdom, the Manchester system was a large one, with a total of 9 routes, and a maximum fleet of 189 trolleybuses.  It closed on 31 December 1966 (1966-12-31).

Manchester's trolleybuses were also on certain routes jointly operated with the Ashton-under-Lyne trolleybus system, between 1925 and 1966.

Two former Manchester trolleybuses are preserved, one at the Greater Manchester Transport Museum, Cheetham Hill, and another at the Trolleybus Museum in Sandtoft, Lincolnshire.

Sandtoft, Lincolnshire
Sandtoft is a hamlet in the civil parish of Belton, North Lincolnshire, England.

Sandtoft is in Hatfield Chase on the Isle of Axholme, 3 miles (5 km) north-west from Epworth. The village was served by the Isle of Axholme Joint Railway with a goods station serving the former RAF airfield.

In the Middle Ages the Benedictine St Mary's Abbey, York, had a cell here of a single monk, sometimes referred to as Sandtoft Priory. It was founded by Roger de Mowbray sometime between 1147 and 1186 and dissolved around 1291. No physical remains have been discovered.

RAF Sandtoft was an RAF Bomber Command airfield. It opened in April 1944, closed in November 1945 and was sold for civilian uses in 1955.  Today part of the site is Sandtoft Airfield and The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft, Europe's largest trolleybus museum, is on another part.

Sandtoft and nearby Epworth, Lincolnshire were centres of unrest during the 17th draining of The Fens.
Alwarthirunagiri
Alwarthirunagiri is a panchayat town in Thoothukudi district  in the state of Tamil Nadu, India.
It is next to Srivaikuntam on the Tirunelveli - Tiruchendur Highway, Tamil Nadu, southern India. It's about 31 km from Tirunelveli and 29 km from Tiruchendur, on the banks of the river Tamirabarani. Alwarthirunagiri is the birthplace of alwar saint Nammalvar. The temple is classified as a "Divya Desam", the 108 temples of Sri Narayana revered by the 12 poet saints, or Alwars.

Thoothukudi district
Thoothukudi district is one of the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu, a state in southern India. On 20 October 1986, an M. G. Ramachandran-led government bifurcated the Tirunelveli district to form the district. It is shared by its boundaries with the Tenkasi, Tirunelveli, Ramanathapuram, and Virudhunagar districts and by the Gulf of Mannar in the Bay of Bengal. The district is like a mini India in shape. It is broad in the north and tapers towards the south. Thoothukudi is the headquarters and largest city of the district.
Durov
Durov (Russian: Дуров) or Durova is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anatoly Durov (1887–1928), Russian animal trainer

Andrei Durov (b. 1977), Russian footballer

Lev Durov (1931–2015), Soviet actor

Nadezhda Durova (1783–1866), Russian soldier

Nikolai Durov (b. 1980), Russian mathematician and programmer

Pavel Durov (b. 1984), Russian entrepreneur & VK.com creator

Valery Durov (born 1945), Russian philologist and teacher

Nikolai Durov
Nikolai Valeryevich Durov (Russian: Николай Валерьевич Дуров; born 21 November 1980) is a Russian programmer and mathematician. He is the elder brother of Pavel Durov, with whom he founded the social networking site VK and later Telegram Messenger.
Boom (Doctor Who)
"Boom" is the third episode of the fourteenth series of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It was written by Steven Moffat, who had previously been showrunner from 2010 to 2017, and directed by Julie Anne Robinson. It was broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC One on 18 May 2024 and released in the United States on Disney+ on 17 May.

The episode revolves around the Fifteenth Doctor (Ncuti Gatwa) and his companion, Ruby Sunday (Millie Gibson), who land on an alien planet in the midst of a large-scale war. When the Doctor steps on a landmine, he is forced to come up with a solution to disarm it without moving. In what is considered to be a bottle episode, Varada Sethu, who was not expected to debut in Doctor Who until the following series, makes a guest appearance as Mundy Flynn.

The episode was watched by 3.57 million viewers and critical reception of the episode was positive.

Ncuti Gatwa
Mizero Ncuti Gatwa (English: /ˈ(n)ʃuːti ˈɡætwɑː/; born 15 October 1992) is a Rwandan and Scottish actor who is best known for playing Eric Effiong in Sex Education (2019–2023) and the Fifteenth Doctor in Doctor Who (2023–2025).

He began his career on stage at the Dundee Repertory Theatre and was nominated for an Ian Charleson Award for his performance as Mercutio in a 2014 production of Romeo & Juliet at HOME arts centre.
2018 Quick Lane Bowl
The 2018 Quick Lane Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 26, 2018, at Ford Field in Detroit. It was the fifth edition of the Quick Lane Bowl, and one of the 2018–19 bowl games concluding the 2018 FBS football season. The game was sponsored by Quick Lane tire and auto centers.

Quick Lane
Quick Lane Tire and Auto Center is a global automotive chain that provides oil changes, tire rotation, multi-point inspections and other express services. Currently headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, Quick Lane is owned by Ford Motor Company, there are 825 locations as of February 2018. Some stores are stand-alone operations or some are attached to the dealership. Quick Lane is designed for dealers to pick up additional work to replace decreased warranty work. Quick Lane offers routine vehicle auto services including oil and filter changes, light repair services such as brake repairs and tire replacement.
Parity function
In Boolean algebra,  a parity function is a Boolean function whose value is one if and only if the input vector has an odd number of ones. The parity function of two inputs is also known as the XOR function.

The parity function is notable for its role in theoretical investigation of circuit complexity of Boolean functions.

The output of the parity function is the parity bit.

Boolean circuit
In computational complexity theory and circuit complexity, a Boolean circuit is a mathematical model for combinational digital logic circuits. A formal language can be decided by a family of Boolean circuits, one circuit for each possible input length.

Boolean circuits are defined in terms of the logic gates they contain. For example, a circuit might contain binary AND and OR gates and unary NOT gates, or be entirely described by binary NAND gates. Each gate corresponds to some Boolean function that takes a fixed number of bits as input and outputs a single bit.

Boolean circuits provide a model for many digital components used in computer engineering, including multiplexers, adders, and arithmetic logic units, but they exclude sequential logic. They are an abstraction that omits many aspects relevant to designing real digital logic circuits, such as metastability, fanout, glitches, power consumption, and propagation delay variability.
Pyramid Peak (New Mexico)
Pyramid Peak, is the highest peak in the range of the Pyramid Mountains at 6,001 feet (1,829 m), in Hidalgo County, New Mexico.
Pyramid Peak is located 7.5 miles south of Lordsburg in the Pyramid Mountains. It has also been called Big Pyramid Mountain and North Pyramid Peak.

Hidalgo County, New Mexico
Hidalgo County (Spanish: Condado de Hidalgo) is the southernmost county of the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,178. The county seat and largest city is Lordsburg. A bill creating Hidalgo from the southern part of Grant County was passed on February 25, 1919, taking effect at the beginning of 1920. The county was named for the town north of Mexico City where the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed, which in turn was named for Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, the priest who is known as the "Father of Mexican Independence."

The county is located on the Mexico–United States border, comprises the New Mexico Bootheel, and is majority-Hispanic or Latino.
FC Libourne
Football Club Libourne (French pronunciation: [ɛf.se libuʁn]), formerly known as AS Libourne or Libourne Saint-Seurin-sur-L'Isle, is a French football team from the town of Libourne in Nouvelle-Aquitaine. The club plays in the Championnat National 2, the fourth tier of French football.

Libourne
Libourne (French pronunciation: [libuʁn] ⓘ; Gascon: Liborna [liˈbuɾnɔ]) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department.

It is the wine-making capital of northern Gironde and lies near Saint-Émilion and Pomerol.
Salkind
Salkind is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Salkind (1921–1997), European film producer

Alvin J. Salkind (1927–2015), American chemical engineer

Ilya Salkind (born 1947), Mexican film and television producer

Morton Salkind (1932–2014), American politician

Mischa Salkind-Pearl, American composer, keyboardist and educator

Morton Salkind
Morton Salkind (June 1, 1932 – October 4, 2014) was an American politician who served as the Mayor of Marlboro Township from 1969 to 1975 and in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1974 to 1976.

He died of liver cancer on October 4, 2014, in Denville Township, New Jersey at age 82.
Beckett Rosset
Beckett Rosset (born 1970) is a writer and host of underground literary artist salons in New York City. His influence on New York City underground culture has been featured in the Sunday edition of The New York Times and The Brooklyn Rail.

Rosset hosted salons from 2022 to 2023. They were hosted out of an eccentric 1920's town house belonging to the former heir of Welche's in the West Village at 422 Hudson Street, prior to the building being sold in 2023. The salons were subsequently moved to various underground locations in lower Manhattan. Rosset's curatorial efforts have championed underground, up-and-coming poets, playwrights, artists and performers including Nico Walker, Christian Lorentzen, Megan Nolan, Ellen Frances, among others.

Rosset is named after author and playwright Samuel Beckett, and is the son of Beckett's legendary publisher Barney Rosset. Beckett Rosset was famously photographed as a child alongside his namesake by Richard Avedon.

Megan Nolan
Megan Nolan (born 1990) is an Irish author and journalist known for introspective fiction and polemic essays. She gained critical prominence after releasing her debut novel, Acts of Desperation, concerning complexities of desire and self-doubt; it received a Betty Trask Award in 2022. Her following novel, Ordinary Human Failings, was shortlisted for a number of awards. Described as a “huge literary talent” by Karl Ove Knausgaard, Nolan also writes essays, fiction and reviews.
Nathan Kogan
Nathan Kogan (May 2, 1926 – April 28, 2013) was an American psychologist. His research was in the fields of cognitive, personality, social, developmental, and evolutionary psychology. He published more than 100 articles and chapters as well as five books as an author or co-author. He served as professor emeritus of psychology at the New School for Social Research and was a visiting scholar at Educational Testing Service.

Cognitive psychology
Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of human mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning. Cognitive psychology originated in the 1960s in a break from behaviorism, which held from the 1920s to 1950s that unobservable mental processes were outside the realm of empirical science. This break came as researchers in linguistics, cybernetics, and applied psychology used models of mental processing to explain human behavior. Work derived from cognitive psychology was integrated into other branches of psychology and various other modern disciplines like cognitive science, linguistics, and economics.
Dick Wetmore
Dick Wetmore (January 13, 1927 – January 4, 2007) was an American jazz and bebop violinist. He played several musical instruments including the cornet, trumpet and string bass. Wetmore worked primarily as a sideman, but also led his own jazz ensembles.

Cornet
The cornet (/ˈkɔːrnɪt/, US: /kɔːrˈnɛt/) is a brass instrument similar to the trumpet but distinguished from it by its conical bore, more compact shape, and mellower tone quality. The most common cornet is a transposing instrument in B♭. There is also a soprano cornet in E♭ and cornets in A and C. All are unrelated to the Renaissance and early Baroque cornett.
Yuan Jing (sport shooter)
Yuan Jing (simplified Chinese: 袁静; traditional Chinese: 袁靜; pinyin: Yuán Jìng; born March 27, 1987, in Wuxi, Jiangsu) is a Chinese sport shooter. She won a gold medal in the women's sport pistol at the 2011 ISSF World Cup series in Munich, Germany, with a total score of 787.8 points, earning her a spot on the Chinese team for the Olympics.

Yuan represented China at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, where she competed in the women's 25 m pistol, along with her teammate and defending Olympic champion Chen Ying. Yuan shot 288 targets in the precision stage, and 291 in the rapid-fire, for a total score of 579 points and a bonus of 18 inner tens, finishing only in twentieth place.

Wuxi
Wuxi (Chinese: 无锡; pinyin: Wúxī, WOO-shee) is a city in southern Jiangsu, China. As of 2024, it had a population of 7,495,000. The city lies in the southern Yangtze delta and borders Lake Tai. Notable landmarks include Lihu Park, the Mt. Lingshan Grand Buddha Scenic Area and its 88-meter (289 ft)-tall Grand Buddha at Ling Shan statue, Xihui Park, Wuxi Zoo, and the Wuxi Museum. Transportation options include Wuxi Shuofang Airport, Wuxi Metro, Shanghai–Nanjing intercity high-speed railway, and Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway. Wuxi is home to Jiangnan University.
Garth Norman
The Ven Garth Norman, (26 November 1938 - 17 November 2023) was Archdeacon of Bromley & Bexley from 1994 until 2003.

He was educated at Henry Mellish Grammar School, Durham University (BA, DipTh, MA), the University of East Anglia (MEd) and the University of Cambridge (PGCE). He was ordained in 1964.

He served his title at St Anne's Church, Wandsworth and Trunch with Swafield (1966–71), after which he was Team Rector in the Trunch Team Ministry (1971–83) and Rural Dean of Repps (1975–83).

After that he was Principal of the Chiltern Christian Training Scheme in the Diocese of Oxford from 1983 to 1988 as well as Assistant Curate of West Wycombe with Bledlow Ridge, Bradenham and Radnage (1983–87); and then Director of Training in the Diocese of Rochester from 1988 until his archdeaconal appointment.

In retirement he was Southwell & Nottingham Diocesan Chaplain to Retired Clergy (2004–09).

Norman died on 17 November 2023 in Cambridgeshire, aged 84.

Trunch
Trunch is a village and parish in Norfolk, England, situated three miles north of North Walsham and two miles from the coast at Mundesley.  At the Census 2011 the village had a population of 909. The parish covers an area of 5.5 square kilometres (2.1 sq mi).

Trunch has never had any rail connections in the village itself but it does have a rail map outside its pub. Before the 1960s one could go to the next village along (Knapton) to catch a train to Cromer or North Walsham from Paston & Knapton railway station (M&GN) to catch a train. Now the nearest stations are Gunton and North Walsham.
Bassa Friulana
The Bassa Friulana is a low-lying and level area of Friuli, specifically the very southern part of the provinces of Pordenone, Udine and Gorizia in the north-eastern Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia.

It is well known for its beaches (such as those of Grado, Grado Pineta, Lignano Sabbiadoro, Lignano Pineta and Lignano Riviera), and for its lagoons (such as those of Grado and Marano Lagunare). There is a unique example of industrial archaeology at Torviscosa. Palmanova is a small Renaissance town shaped as a star. Monfalcone has important shipyards.

The Roman and medieval town of Aquileia is of great historical importance. In both Roman and present times, the Bassa Friulana was a highly productive farmland, but during the twelve centuries between the two periods, this land was depopulated.

Province of Gorizia
The province of Gorizia (Italian: provincia di Gorizia; Slovene: Goriška pokrajina; Friulian: provincie di Gurize) was a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy. Initially disbanded on 30 September 2017, it was reestablished in 2019 as the regional decentralization entity of Gorizia (Italian: ente di decentramento regionale di Gorizia; Slovene: enota deželne decentralizacije Gorica; Friulian: ent di decentrament regjonâl di Gurize), and was reactivated on 1 July 2020.
2025 Makati local elections
Local elections were held in Makati on May 12, 2025, as part of the 2025 Philippine general election. The electorate elected a mayor, a vice mayor, and the sixteen councilors, eight per district, that would be members of the Makati City Council, and two district representatives to the House of Representatives of the Philippines.

This was the first elections in which the residents of the Embo barangays did not participate as a result of the Makati–Taguig boundary dispute ruling.

Makati's 1st congressional district
Makati's 1st congressional district is one of the two congressional districts of the Philippines in the city of Makati. It has been represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 1998. The district consists of barangays in western Makati, namely Bangkal, Bel-Air, Carmona, Dasmariñas, Forbes Park, Kasilawan, La Paz, Magallanes, Olympia, Palanan, Pio del Pilar, Poblacion, San Antonio, San Isidro, San Lorenzo, Santa Cruz, Singkamas, Tejeros, Urdaneta, and Valenzuela. It is the location of the Makati Central Business District and the Makati City Hall. It is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Monique Lagdameo of the Makatizens United Party (MKTZNU).

The district was created in 1995 when Makati was granted cityhood. However, the second district seat remained vacant during the 10th Congress due to its first representative-elect's disqualification. As a result, Makati was effectively represented as an at-large district until the 1998 elections.
P. N. Furbank
Philip Nicholas Furbank FRSL (/ˈfɜːrˌbæŋk/; 23 May 1920 – 27 June 2014) was an English biographer, critic and academic. His most significant biography was the well-received life of his friend E. M. Forster.

Royal Society of Literature
The Royal Society of Literature (RSL) is a learned society founded in 1820 by King George IV to "reward literary merit and excite literary talent". A charity that represents the voice of literature in the UK, the RSL has about 800 Fellows, elected from among the best writers in any genre currently at work. Additionally, Honorary Fellows are chosen from those who have made a significant contribution to the advancement of literature, including publishers, agents, librarians, booksellers or producers. The society is a cultural tenant at London's Somerset House. The RSL is an independent charity and relies on the support of its Members, Patrons, Fellows and friends to continue its work.
Fort Ethan Allen
Fort Ethan Allen was a United States Army installation in Vermont, named for American Revolutionary War figure Ethan Allen. Established as a cavalry post in 1894 and closed in 1944, today it is the center of a designated national historic district straddling the town line between Colchester and Essex. Locally, it is known simply as "The Fort", and now houses a Vermont National Guard installation a variety of businesses, academic institutions, and residential areas.

Colchester, Vermont
Colchester is a town in Chittenden County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of Colchester was 17,524. It is the third-most populous municipality and most populous town in the state of Vermont. Colchester borders Burlington, Vermont's most populous municipality and is part of its metropolitan area. The town is directly to Burlington's north on the eastern shore of Lake Champlain, to the west of the Green Mountains. The Vermont National Guard is based in the town, and it is also home to Saint Michael's College and the Vermont campus of Southern New Hampshire University.
1960–61 South Africa rugby union tour of Europe
In 1960-61 the South Africa national rugby union team toured England, France, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, playing  a series of test matches, as well as games against club, regional, and representative teams. South Africa won a Grand Slam by winning their test matches against all four Home Nations sides, as well as the test against France. This was the fifth Springboks tour of the Northern Hemisphere.

Grand Slam (rugby union)
In rugby union, a Grand Slam occurs when one team in the Six Nations Championship (or its Five Nations predecessor) beats all the others during one year's competition.  This has been achieved 42 times in total, for the first time by Wales in 1908, and most recently by the Irish team in 2023. The team with the most Grand Slams is England with 13.
It can also apply to the U20 and Women's Six Nations Championships.

In another context, a Grand Slam tour refers to a touring side – South Africa, Australia or New Zealand – which plays fixtures against all four home nations (England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales) during their tour. If the tourists win all of those matches, they are said to have achieved a Grand Slam. This has been done nine times, first by South Africa in 1912–13, and most recently by New Zealand in 2010.
Aleksander Paldrok
Aleksander Paldrok (until 1936 Paldrock; 16 May 1871 – 1 July 1944 Kuressaare) was an Estonian medical scientist and military personnel (Major-General).

In 1896 he graduated from Tartu University in medicine.

On his initiative, on 7 September 1919 the department of dermatovenerology was opened at Tartu University.

He was specialized on skin and venereal diseases. Especially acclaimed was his publications about leprosy. In total he published over 100 scientific publications.

Awards:

1938: Order of the White Star, II class.

Kuressaare
Kuressaare (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈkureˈsˑɑːre]) is a city on the island Saaremaa in Estonia. It is the administrative centre of Saaremaa Municipality and the seat of Saare County. Kuressaare is the westernmost town in Estonia. The recorded population on 1 January 2024 was 13,185.

The city is situated on the southern coast of Saaremaa, facing the Gulf of Riga of the Baltic Sea, and is served by the Kuressaare Airport, Roomassaare harbour, and Kuressaare yacht harbour.