hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Pile (civil servant)
Sir William Dennis Pile GCB MBE (1 December 1919 – 26 January 1997) was an English civil servant. Educated at St Catharine's College, Cambridge, he served in the Army during the Second World War, reaching the rank of Major. After completing his degree, he entered the Ministry of Education in 1947, serving on the UK delegation to UNESCO and then spending a year at the Cabinet Office (1950–51) before returning to the Ministry, which became the Department for Education and Science (DES) in 1964. From 1966 to 1970, he spent short periods at the Ministry of Health and the Home Office, the later as deputy secretary from 1967. From 1970 to 1976, he was Permanent Secretary to the DES. He was then chairman of the Board of Inland Revenue between 1976 and 1979. In retirement, he was a director of Nationwide Building Society and The Distillers Company.

St Catharine's College, Cambridge
St Catharine's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. Founded in 1473 as Katharine Hall, it adopted its current name in 1860. The college is nicknamed "Catz". The college is located in the historic city-centre of Cambridge, and lies just south of King's College and across the street from Corpus Christi College. The college is notable for its open court (rather than closed quadrangle) that faces towards Trumpington Street.

The college community consists of approximately 1000 Fellows, graduate and undergraduate students, and staff. The college is led by a Master, and the college is run by a governing body comprising the official and professorial Fellows of the college, chaired by the Master. The current Master, Sir John Benger took up office on 1 October 2023.
Allan L. McDermott
Allan Langdon McDermott (March 30, 1854 – October 26, 1908) was an American Democratic Party politician who represented New Jersey's 7th congressional district from 1900 to 1903, and the 10th district from 1903 to 1907.

New Jersey's 7th congressional district
New Jersey's 7th congressional district includes all of Hunterdon and Warren Counties; and parts of Morris, Somerset, Sussex, and Union Counties. The district is represented by Republican Thomas Kean Jr., who was first elected in 2022, defeating Democratic incumbent Tom Malinowski.

The district, which has become more ethnically diverse over time, is one of the most affluent congressional districts in the United States, with the twelfth-highest median income in the nation.
Rancho Lompoc
Rancho Lompoc was a 42,085-acre (170.31 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Santa Barbara County, California given in 1837 by Governor Juan B. Alvarado to Joaquín Carrillo and José Antonio Carrillo.  The grant extended from present-day Lompoc west to the Pacific coast.

Juan Bautista Alvarado
Juan Bautista Valentín Alvarado y Vallejo (February 14, 1809 – July 13, 1882) usually known as Juan Bautista Alvarado, was a Californio politician who served as governor of Alta California from 1837 to 1842. Prior to his term as governor, Alvarado briefly led a movement for independence of Alta California from 1836 to 1837, in which he successfully deposed interim governor Nicolás Gutiérrez, declared independence, and created a new flag and constitution, before negotiating an agreement with the Mexican government resulting in his recognition as governor and the end of the independence movement.
Dave Thompson (Scottish politician)
David George Thompson (born 20 September 1949) is a Scottish former politician who was the leader of Action for Independence (AFI) from 2020 to 2021.

A former member of the Scottish National Party (SNP), Thompson was a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) from 2007 to 2016. In the 2007 Scottish Parliament election he became an MSP for the Highlands and Islands region, and then in the 2011 Scottish Parliament election for the Skye, Lochaber and Badenoch constituency.

Member of the Scottish Parliament
Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP; Scottish Gaelic: Ball Pàrlamaid na h-Alba, BPA; Scots: Memmer o the Scots Pairliament, MSP) is the title given to any one of the 129 individuals elected to serve in the Scottish Parliament.
Firgil
Firgil (Russian: Фиргиль; Tabassaran: Фуркӏил) is a rural locality (a selo) in Tinitsky Selsoviet, Tabasaransky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population:  396 (2010 Census); 404 (2002 Census); 268 (1989 Soviet census). There are 5 streets.

Tabasaransky District
Tabasaransky District (Russian: Табасаранский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the republic. The area of the district is 801 square kilometers (309 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Khuchni. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 52,886, with the population of Khuchni accounting for 6.1% of that number.
Miechucino
Miechucino [mjɛxuˈt͡ɕinɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chmielno, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details on the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Kartuzy County
Kartuzy County (Polish: powiat kartuski; Kashubian: kartësczi pòwiat) is a county in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, with administrative seat and largest town being Kartuzy.

It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The only other town in the county is Żukowo. The county covers an area of 1,120.04 square kilometres (432.4 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 137,942, out of which the population of Kartuzy is 14,536, that of Żukowo is 6,691, and the rural population is 116,715.

Kartuzy County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship

Kartuzy County is bordered by Wejherowo County to the north, the city of Gdynia to the north-east, the city of Gdańsk and Gdańsk County to the east, Kościerzyna County to the south, Bytów County to the west, and Lębork County to the north-west.
Stjørdalen
Stjørdalen is a valley and a traditional district in Trøndelag county, Norway. The valley follows the Stjørdalselva river from the Norway-Sweden border 75 kilometres (47 mi) to the west where it empties into the Trondheimsfjorden. The valley traverses Stjørdal Municipality and Meråker Municipality. The European route E14 highway and the Meråker Line railway follow the river through the length of the valley.

The traditional district of Stjørdalen is a historical region surrounding the Stjørdalen valley. The area is sometimes considered the southern part of the Inntrøndelag region. The neighboring Selbu Municipality and Tydal Municipality to the south are sometimes grouped together in this historic district. From the Iron Age through the Middle Ages, the area was referred to as Stiordølafylki, one of the small petty kingdoms in the Trøndelag region under the Frostating assembly.

European route E14
European route E14 is a part of the International E-road network. It runs between Trondheim, Norway, and Sundsvall, Sweden. The road is 449 kilometres (279 mi) long.

The road follows the route Trondheim - Storlien – Östersund – Sundsvall. Just east of Trondheim, the road goes through the 3,928-metre (12,887 ft) long Hell Tunnel.

After crossing the border from Norway it runs through the mountainous western Jämtland County of Sweden, passing the well-known Ånnsjön mountain lake.
Oddvar Saga
Oddvar Saga (2 January 1934 – 8 January 2000) was a Norwegian ski jumper, who had his prime between 1960 and 1964.

He hailed from Vegårshei. In 1993 the newspaper Aftenposten called him one of the three "national greats" to come from this place, together with Ole Colbjørnsen and a wolf. Saga represented the club Horten SK.

He is best known for participating in the 1961–1962 Four Hills Tournament. He finished 3rd in the Schattenbergschanze, 27th in the Bergiselschanze, 29th in the Große Olympiaschanze and 8th in the Paul-Ausserleitner-Schanze, giving him a 9th place overall as the best Norwegian. Saga was later a candidate for Norway at the 1964 Winter Olympics. Already in 1963 the ski jumpers Torgeir Brandtzæg, Toralf Engan, Bjørn Wirkola, Hans Olav Sørensen and Torbjørn Yggeseth were as good as ready, and one was looking for a sixth man on the team. However, only those five competed at the Olympics.

Große Olympiaschanze
The Große Olympiaschanze (English: Great Olympic Hill) is a large (K-125) ski jumping hill located on the Gudiberg, south of the district of Partenkirchen of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Bavaria, Germany, and is traditionally the venue of the Four Hills Tournament's New Year's jumping. The hill is part of a complex that also includes the K-80, K-43 and K-20 ski hills.
Amar Jit Singh Sandhu
Wing Commander Amar Jit Singh Sandhu VrC, VM (23 January 1933 – 24 September 1971) was an Indian fighter pilot and air force officer.  He was awarded the Vir Chakra and Vayusena medals, and is credited for shooting down a Pakistan Air Force F-86 Sabre in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.

Pasrur
Pasrur (Punjabi and Urdu: پسرُور) is a historical city of Sialkot District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is the capital of Pasrur Tehsil and is administratively subdivided into 26 wards of the municipal committee Pasrur. Pasrur is connected to Narowal, Sialkot, Daska and Gujranwala via multiple roads. The Pasrur railway station has a railway track also passing through the city which connects Parsrur and Sialkot to Lahore via Narowal Junction.

Other important places in Pasrur Tehsil are Badyana, Chawinda, Chaubara, Kingra, Sabz Peer, Chichharwali and Dhodha.

It was founded during the reign of Mughal emperor Babur by a Jatt called Chaudhry Matika Bajwa. Nearby are the remains of a bridge built by Shah Daula.

During the 2025 India–Pakistan conflict, India claimed it had conducted air and missile strikes on Pakistani military radar installations in Pasrur on 10 May 2025.
Emma Fordyce MacRae
Emma Fordyce MacRae (April 27, 1887, Vienna – August 6, 1974) was an American representational painter.  She was a member of the Philadelphia Ten, a group of women artists who worked and exhibited together.  Her work — including still lifes and paintings of women — shows the influence of Asian flower paintings and of Seurat.

Georges Seurat
Georges Pierre Seurat (UK: /ˈsɜːrɑː, -ə/ SUR-ah, -⁠ə, US: /sʊˈrɑː/ suu-RAH; French: [ʒɔʁʒ pjɛʁ sœʁa]; 2 December 1859 – 29 March 1891) was a French post-Impressionist artist. He devised the painting techniques known as chromoluminarism and pointillism and used conté crayon for drawings on paper with a rough surface.

Seurat's artistic personality combined qualities that are usually thought of as opposed and incompatible: on the one hand, his extreme and delicate sensibility, on the other, a passion for logical abstraction and an almost mathematical precision of mind. His large-scale work A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1884–1886) altered the direction of modern art by initiating Neo-Impressionism, and is one of the icons of late 19th-century painting.
Midus
Midus is a type of Lithuanian mead, an alcoholic beverage made of grain, honey and water.
Balts were making mead for thousands of years. Old Lithuanian mead was made from a solution of honey and water simmered with various spices, such as thyme, lemon, cinnamon, cherries, linden blossoms, juniper berries, and hops.  Today Midus is produced by several companies and is to be found in the majority of liquor shops in the US and supermarkets in Lithuania.

Juniper berry
A juniper berry is the female seed cone produced by the various species of junipers. It is not a true berry but a cone with unusually fleshy and merged scales called a galbulus, which gives it a berry-like appearance. The cones from a handful of species, especially Juniperus communis, are used as a spice, particularly in European cuisine, and also give gin its distinctive flavour. Juniper berries are among the few spices derived from conifers, along with spruce buds.
Babylonian astrology
Babylonian astrology was the first known organized system of astrology, arising in the second millennium BC.

In Babylon as well as in Assyria as a direct offshoot of Babylonian culture, astrology takes its place as one of the two chief means at the disposal of the priests (who were called bare or "inspectors") for ascertaining the will and intention of the gods, the other being the inspection of the livers of sacrificial animals (haruspicy).

Haruspex
A haruspex was a person trained to practise divination by the inspection of the entrails of sacrificed animals, especially the livers of sacrificed sheep and poultry, a practice called haruspicy in the Ancient Roman religion.
Various ancient cultures of the Near East, such as the Babylonians, also read omens specifically from the liver, a practice also known by the Greek term  hepatoscopy (also hepatomancy).

The Roman concept is directly derived from Etruscan religion, as one of the three branches of the disciplina Etrusca.
Near East School of Theology
The Near East School of Theology (NEST), located in Beirut, Lebanon, is an interdenominational Reformed Protestant theological seminary serving Christian churches of the Middle East and North Africa, and also educates international students who have a special interest in Biblical and Islamic studies in a Middle Eastern context or those especially interested in the Ancient churches.

Biblical studies
Biblical studies is the academic application of a set of diverse disciplines to the study of the Bible, with Bible referring to the books of the canonical Hebrew Bible in mainstream Jewish usage and the Christian Bible including the canonical Old Testament and New Testament, respectively. For its theory and methods, the field draws on disciplines ranging from ancient history, historical criticism, philology, theology, textual criticism, literary criticism, historical backgrounds, mythology, and comparative religion.
Viola eriocarpa
Viola eriocarpa (syn. Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula), the smooth yellow violet, is a species of flowering plant in the family Violaceae. It is native to Canada and the United States east of the Rockies. A perennial of forests, it prefers very rich soils. It is extremely difficult to distinguish from Viola pubescens unless both are examined together.

Violaceae
Violaceae is a family of flowering plants established in 1802, consisting of about 1000 species in about 25 genera. It takes its name from the genus Viola,  the violets and pansies.

Older classifications such as the Cronquist system placed the Violaceae in an order named after it, the Violales or the Parietales. However, molecular phylogeny studies place the family in the Malpighiales as reflected in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) classification, with 41 other families, where it is situated in the parietal clade of 11 families. Most of the species are found in three large genera, Viola, Rinorea and Hybanthus. The other genera are largely monotypic or oligotypic. The genera are grouped into four clades within the family. The species are largely tropical or subtropical but Viola has a number of species in temperate regions. Many genera have a very restricted distribution.
The Early Years: 1997–2000
The Early Years: 1997–2000 is a three-disc set consisting of the first three albums by alternative rock band Switchfoot. This set was released after the band's meteoric rise to mainstream popularity with the double-platinum breakthrough The Beautiful Letdown. The Early Years is seen as an introduction to Switchfoot's earlier material for fans who were introduced to the band with The Beautiful Letdown.

The three discs on this compilation were the original pressings of The Legend of Chin, New Way to Be Human, and Learning to Breathe. The original booklets and artwork are also included in the double jewel case that houses the entire collection.

The Early Years has been certified RIAA Gold, with total sales of over 500,000 copies.

Learning to Breathe (Switchfoot album)
Learning to Breathe is the third studio album by the band Switchfoot. It was released on September 26, 2000. It was their final record for independent label re:think Records, which was distributed by Sparrow Records. This album also received a Grammy nomination for Best Rock Gospel Album in 2001.
Xanthoparmelia namakwa
Xanthoparmelia namakwa is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in South Africa, it was formally described as a new species in 1986 by the American lichenologist Mason Hale. The type specimen was collected from Cape Province at an elevation of 200 m (660 ft), where it was found growing on schist rock outcrops in flat pasture land. The lichen has a dark yellow-green thallus that is firm and leathery in texture, and measures 4–8 cm (1.6–3.1 in) broad. The species epithet refers to Namaqualand, a geographic area in which the type locality is situated. The lichen contains salazinic acid, norstictic acid, and usnic acid, and sometimes trace levels of other lichen substances.

Cape Province
The Province of the Cape of Good Hope (Afrikaans: Provinsie Kaap die Goeie Hoop), commonly referred to as "the Cape Province" (Afrikaans: Kaapprovinsie) and colloquially as "The Cape" (Afrikaans: Die Kaap), was a province in the Union of South Africa and subsequently the Republic of South Africa. It encompassed the old Cape Colony, as well as Walvis Bay, and had Cape Town as its capital. In 1994, the Cape Province was divided into the new Eastern Cape, Northern Cape and Western Cape provinces, along with part of the North West.
Lady Diamond (Sexy Zone song)
"Lady Diamond" (Lady ダイヤモンド) is a song by Japanese idol group Sexy Zone. It was released on April 11, 2012, as its second single under Pony Canyon. The song was written by Gorō Matsui and Kōji Makaino. All tracks on the single were used as theme songs for various television series.

"Lady Diamond" was released in four editions: Regular Edition, Limited Editions A and B, and Venue Limited Edition. It ranked number one on the Oricon Singles Chart and number two on the Billboard Japan Hot 100. The single was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ), denoting shipments of 100,000 units.

Gorō Matsui
Gorō Matsui (松井 五郎, Matsui Gorō) is a Japanese lyricist born 11 December 1957 in Gifu Prefecture, Japan, though he considers Tokyo to be his hometown. Beginning with participation in the Yamaha Popular Song Contests, he made his debut writing the lyrics for the 1981 Chage and Aska album Hot Wind (熱風, Neppū).

Matsui then began writing lyrics for groups such as Anzen Chitai, Kyosuke Himuro, and others, becoming one of the more popular lyricists for a variety of rock bands. He has now written the lyrics for over 2000 songs. Since the late 1980s, most of the lyrics for the music released by Anzen Chitai has been written by Matsui.

As of today, Matsui is under the management of Avex Group, Japan's biggest independent record label. He serves as a resident songwriter for the said company.
Karen Corr
Karen Corr (born 10 November 1969) is a Northern Irish professional pool and former snooker and English billiards player. She began entering women's snooker tournaments at age 15 and went on to win the World Women's Snooker Championship three times and the World Women's Billiards Championship twice. In 1998, she moved to the United States to play pool professionally. She has won numerous tournaments and has been ranked number one on the WPBA Tour. She was inducted into the BCA Hall of Fame in 2012.

English billiards
English billiards, called simply billiards in the UK and in many former British colonies, is a cue sport that combines the aspects of carom billiards and pool. Two cue balls (one white and one yellow) and a red object ball are used (Sometimes the balls are marked with dots, similarly to carom billiards). Each player or team uses a different cue ball. It is played on a billiards table with the same dimensions as one used for snooker and points are scored for cannons and pocketing the balls.
Otrozhki
Otrozhki (Russian: Отрожки) is a rural locality (a khutor) and the administrative center of Otrozhkinskoye Rural Settlement, Serafimovichsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 543 as of 2010. There are 12 streets.

Serafimovichsky District
Serafimovichsky District (Russian: Серафимо́вичский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-three in Volgograd Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Serafimovichsky Municipal District. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 4,360 square kilometers (1,680 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Serafimovich. Population: 25,378 (2010 Census); 27,137 (2002 Census); 27,684 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Serafimovich accounts for 36.9% of the district's total population.
Linus Wahlgren
Linus Carl Henrik Wahlgren (born 10 September 1976) is a Swedish actor. He is the son of actors Christina Schollin and Hans Wahlgren and brother to actors and singers Pernilla and Niclas Wahlgren. He has also appeared in a few episodes of his sister Pernilla Wahlgren's TV series Wahlgrens värld, which is broadcast on Kanal 5.

Kanal 5 (Swedish TV channel)
Kanal 5 (Channel 5) is a Swedish television channel that was launched in 1989. It is owned by the US-based media company Warner Bros. Discovery, changing its ownership from ProSiebenSat.1 Media in April 2013.

After a troublesome 1990s, Kanal 5 launched new strategies in the early 2000s (decade) that established it as a popular entertainment channel targeting young people. The channel's slogan is "Roligare TV" ("More Entertaining TV") and it only broadcasts entertainment, such as series, movies, reality series and infotainment documentaries. In 2006, the channel was the most popular channel among Swedes aged 15–24.
Heinz Meier
Heinz Meier could refer to:

Heinz Meier (actor) (1930-2013), German actor and theatre director

Heinz Meier (bobsledder), Swiss bobsledder

Heinz Meier (composer) (1925-1998), German composer who used the pseudonym "Henry Mayer"

Heinz Meier (water polo) (born 1912), Swiss Olympic water polo player

Heinz Meier (composer)
Heinz Meier (November 18, 1925 - September 22, 1998) was a German composer. He was best known for his 1965 composition "Der Sommerwind", the lyrics of which were later adapted into English as "Summer Wind". The pseudonym "Henry Mayer" was used for numerous of his works.
Danny Tidwell
Daniel Arnold Tidwell (August 1, 1984 – March 6, 2020) was an American dancer and actor best known for being the runner-up on Fox's third season of So You Think You Can Dance in 2007.

Tidwell began dancing as a child, at first focusing on jazz before changing to ballet while attending Kirov Academy of Ballet at the age of fifteen. He worked in elite companies, including the American Ballet Theatre. He also performed the works of renowned choreographers, including Debbie Allen, William Forsythe and Mia Michaels. He was Travis Wall's brother, a runner-up of the second season of So You Think You Can Dance. Tidwell was the artistic director of Movmnt Magazine and was a soloist dancer with Norwegian National Opera and Ballet in Oslo.

Tidwell died on March 6, 2020, from injuries sustained in a car crash.

USA International Ballet Competition
The USA International Ballet Competition, or USA IBC, is one of the world's top competitions for ballet. Located in Jackson, Mississippi, this competition is attended by dancers from all over the world to represent their country for bronze, silver, or gold medals in a variety of categories of ballet in an Olympic-style competition.

Founded in 1978 by Thalia Mara, the first USA International Ballet Competition took place in 1979. This first competition was given sanction by the United Nations' International Dance Committee of UNESCO's International Theatre Institute.

In 1982, the United States Congress passed a Joint resolution designating Jackson, Mississippi, as the official home of the USA International Ballet Competition. Competitions occur every four years in Olympic style.