hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1707)
The siege of Ciudad Rodrigo was a successful siege of the Spanish city of Ciudad Rodrigo, between 18 September and 4 October 1707, in which a Franco-Spanish army under command of Alexandre Maître, Marquis de Bay conquered the city.

Ciudad Rodrigo had been besieged and taken on 25 May 1706 by 40.000 Portuguese, Dutch and English soldiers under command of Henri de Massue, Earl of Galway and António Luís de Sousa, 2nd Marquis of Minas.

On 18 September 1707, a Franco-Spanish army under command of Alexandre Maître, Marquis de Bay arrived at the city and laid siege. The siege lasted until 4 October when the walls were breached and the city was stormed and forced to capitulate. 
Some 2,100 prisoners were taken. A total of 300 soldiers were killed and some 600 wounded.

Henri de Massue, Earl of Galway
Henri de Massue, 2nd Marquis de Ruvigny, Earl of Galway, PC, PC (Ire) (9 April 1648 – 3 September 1720) was a French Huguenot soldier and diplomat who was influential in the English service in the Nine Years' War and the War of the Spanish Succession.
Ryan Sidhoo
Ryan Sidhoo is a Canadian documentary filmmaker from Vancouver, British Columbia. He is most noted as producer of Handle With Care: The Legend of the Notic Streetball Crew, which was a Canadian Screen Award nominee for Best Feature Length Documentary at the 11th Canadian Screen Awards in 2023.

Born and raised in Vancouver, he played basketball with various Vancouver youth sports organizations as a teenager before going into filmmaking as a director and producer for Vice. In 2018 he directed the webby winning documentary series True North: Inside the Rise of Toronto Basketball, which was later re-edited into a 90-minute documentary film.

His 2025 documentary film The Track premiered at the True/False Film Festival. It was later screened at the 31st Sarajevo Film Festival, where Sidhoo won the UniCredit Audience Award for Best Documentary Film.

Canadian Screen Award for Best Feature Length Documentary
The Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television presents an annual award for Best Feature Length Documentary. First presented in 1968 as part of the Canadian Film Awards, it became part of the Genie Awards in 1980 and the contemporary Canadian Screen Awards in 2013.

Under current Academy regulations, the awards for Best Feature Length Documentary and Best Short Documentary can be collapsed into a single award for Best Documentary if either category receives three or fewer eligible submissions, but remain separate if both categories surpass three submissions.
Pirgulu State Reserve
Pirgulu State Reserve was established in Azerbaijan on December 25, 1968, over an area of 15.21 km2 (6 sq mi) in 1968 in the Shamakhi District, south-east of the Large Caucasus. The reserve was established to protect mountain forests, various flora, and prevent air pollution. Deep canyons are found in the reserve, with depths of up to 600-metre (2,000 ft). The fauna found in the reserve includes over 60 species, including brown bear, wolf, forest cat, lynx, weasel, wild boar, and roe deer.

The area of Pirgulu State Reserve was expanded by 27.53 km2 (11 sq mi) and reached 42.74 km2 (17 sq mi) in 2003.

Shamakhi District
40°38′N 48°40′E﻿ / ﻿40.633°N 48.667°E﻿ / 40.633; 48.667

Shamakhi District (Azerbaijani: Şamaxı rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the east of the country and belongs to the Mountainous Shirvan Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Quba, Khizi, Gobustan, Hajigabul, Agsu, and Ismayilli. Its capital and largest city is Shamakhi. As of 2020, the district had a population of 106,400.

In its history, eleven major earthquakes have rocked Shamakhi, but each time it was reconstructed by its inhabitants due to its role as the economic and administrative capital of Shirvan and one of the key towns on the way of the Silk Road. The only building to have survived eight of the eleven earthquakes is the landmark Juma Mosque (8th century CE).
2013 Open GDF Suez de Cagnes-sur-Mer Alpes-Maritimes – Singles
Yulia Putintseva was the defending champion, having won the event in 2012, but chose not to defend her title.

Wild card Caroline Garcia won the title, defeating lucky loser Maryna Zanevska in the final, 6–0, 4–6, 6–3.

Maryna Zanevska
Maryna Volodymyrivna Zanevska (Ukrainian: Марина Володимирівна Заневська; born 24 August 1993) is a Ukrainian-born Belgian former professional tennis player. She has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 62, achieved on 23 May 2022, and a WTA doubles ranking of 86, reached on 16 June 2014. Zanevska won one WTA Tour singles title and one title in singles and one in doubles on the WTA Challenger Tour. She also reached four WTA Tour doubles finals.
Gerhard Weinberg
Gerhard Ludwig Weinberg (born 1 January 1928) is a German-born American diplomatic and military historian noted for his studies in the history of Nazi Germany and World War II. Weinberg is the William Rand Kenan Jr. Professor Emeritus of History at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He has been a member of the history faculty at UNC-Chapel Hill since 1974. Previously he served on the faculties of the University of Michigan (1959–1974) and the University of Kentucky (1957–1959).

Diplomatic history
Diplomatic history deals with the history of international relations between states. Diplomatic history can be different from international relations in that the former can concern itself with the foreign policy of one state while the latter deals with relations between two or more states. Diplomatic history tends to be more concerned with the history of diplomacy, but international relations concern more with current events and creating a model intended to shed explanatory light on international politics.
Freddy León
Freddy Alberto León Aristizábal (born 24 September 1970) is a retired Colombian football striker.

He was born in Bogotá. He spent the main part of his career in Millonarios from 1990 through 2000, except a spell in Deportes Tolima from 1996 through 1998. Between 2002 and 2007 he played short spells for lesser clubs; Centauros Villavicencio, Patriotas FC, Cortuluá and Expreso Rojo.

He was capped 8 times for Colombia national football team in 1995, including at the 1995 Copa América.

Centauros Villavicencio
Corporación Deportiva Centauros Villavicencio, was a Colombian football club based in the city of Villavicencio. The club was founded on 14 January 2003 and played its home games at the Manuel Calle Lombana stadium, which has a capacity of 15,000 seats.
Chimalpilli II
Chimalpilli II (died in year 2 Técpatl) was a Tlatoani (ruler) of the Nahua altepetl (city-state) Ecatepec, in 16th-century Mesoamerica.

The first known tlatoani of Ecatepec was Chimalpilli I, grandson of an Aztec tlatoani.

The successor of Chimalpilli II was Diego de Alvarado Huanitzin, who also became tlatoani of Tenochtitlan, as well as its governor (Cabildo of San Juan Tenochtitlan) under the colonial Spanish system of government.

Cabildo of San Juan Tenochtitlan
The cabildo of San Juan Tenochtitlan was a governing council established in the 16th century to give a Spanish-style government to Tenochtitlan.

The cabildo consisted of a single governor, a number of alcaldes and regidores, and a number of other minor officials.

The cabildo was abolished in 1812 through the Spanish Constitution of 1812.
Palazzo Gerolamo Grimaldi
The Palazzo Gerolamo Grimaldi also known as the palazzo della Meridiana is a building located in the salita di San Francesco at number 4 in the historical centre of Genoa, included on 13 July 2006 in the list of the forty-two palaces inscribed in the Rolli di Genova that became World Heritage by UNESCO on that date.

Luca Cambiaso
Luca Cambiaso (also known as Luca Cambiasi and Luca Cangiagio (being Cangiaxo [kaŋˈdʒaːʒu] the surname in Ligurian); 18 November 1527 – 6 September 1585) was an Italian painter and draughtsman and the leading artist in Genoa in the 16th century.  He is considered the founder of the Genoese school, who established the local tradition of historical fresco painting through his many decorations of Genoese churches and palaces. He produced a number of poetic night scenes. He was a prolific draughtsman who sometimes reduced figures to geometric (even cubic) forms. He was familiarly known as Lucchetto da Genova.
Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology
The Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology (Italian: Società Italiana di Selvicoltura ed Ecologia Forestale, or SISEF), established in 1995, is a non-profit cultural association promoting the diffusion of scientific forest culture in Italy, and all over the world.

Forest ecology
Forest ecology is the scientific study of the interrelated patterns, processes, flora, fauna, funga, and ecosystems in forests. The management of forests is known as forestry, silviculture, and forest management. A forest ecosystem is a natural woodland unit consisting of all plants, animals, and micro-organisms (biotic components) in that area functioning together with all of the non-living physical (abiotic) factors of the environment.
Petr Kuboš
Petr Kuboš (born September 10, 1979) is a Czech professional ice hockey defenceman. He currently plays for HC Kometa Brno of the Czech Extraliga. He was selected by the Montreal Canadiens in the 8th round (197th overall) of the 1997 NHL Entry Draft.

Kuboš previously played also for HC Vsetín, HC Znojemští Orli and HC Vítkovice.

1997 NHL entry draft
The 1997 NHL entry draft was the 35th NHL entry draft. It was held at the Civic Arena in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on June 21, 1997.

The last active player from the 1997 draft class was Joe Thornton, who played his last NHL game in the 2021–22 season.
Gasparinisaura
Gasparinisaura (meaning "Gasparini's lizard") is a genus of herbivorous ornithopod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous. The first fossils of Gasparinisaura were found in 1992 near Cinco Saltos in Río Negro Province, Argentina. The type species, Gasparinisaura cincosaltensis, was named and described in 1996 by Rodolfo Coria and Leonardo Salgado. The generic name honors Argentine palaeontologist Zulma Brandoni de Gasparini. The specific name refers to Cinco Saltos.

Leonardo Salgado
Leonardo Salgado is an Argentine palaeontologist with a special interest in dinosaurs of the Cretaceous period and other investigations of the palaeobiology of fossil bearing geological formations. Salgado is the leading or coauthor of several taxa, notably the large carnivorous species, Giganotosaurus carolinii, discovered in Patagonia.

Below is a list of taxa that Salgado has contributed to naming:
Aryl sulfotransferase
An aryl sulfotransferase (EC 2.8.2.1) is an enzyme that 
transfers a sulfate group from phenolic sulfate esters to a phenolic acceptor substrate.

3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + a phenol  adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an aryl sulfate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate and phenol, whereas its two products are adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate and aryl sulfate.

These enzymes are transferases, specifically the sulfotransferases, which transfer sulfur-containing groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:phenol sulfotransferase. Other names in common use include phenol sulfotransferase, sulfokinase, 1-naphthol phenol sulfotransferase, 2-naphtholsulfotransferase, 4-nitrocatechol sulfokinase, arylsulfotransferase, dopamine sulfotransferase, p-nitrophenol sulfotransferase, phenol sulfokinase, ritodrine sulfotransferase, and PST.  This enzyme participates in sulfur metabolism.

Adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate
Adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate is a form of an adenosine nucleotide with two phosphate groups attached to different carbons in the ribose ring. This is distinct from adenosine diphosphate, where the two phosphate groups are attached in a chain to the 5' carbon atom in the ring.

Adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate is produced as a product of sulfotransferase enzymes from the donation of a sulfate group from the coenzyme 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate. This product is then hydrolysed by 3'(2'),5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase to give adenosine monophosphate, which can then be recycled into adenosine triphosphate.
Similkameen (electoral district)
Similkameen was the name of a provincial electoral district of British Columbia, Canada, formed around the historic mining district of the same name. It made its first appearance on the hustings in the election of 1903. After the 1963 election, which was the occasion of this riding's last appearance, this electoral district was combined with Grand Forks-Greenwood to form Boundary-Similkameen for the 1966 election.

Husting
A husting originally referred to a native Germanic governing assembly, the thing. By metonymy, the term may now refer to any event (such as debates or speeches) during an election campaign where one or more of the candidates are present.
Épicure (opera)
Épicure (Epicurus) is an opera in three acts with music by the composers Étienne Méhul and Luigi Cherubini. The libretto is by Charles-Albert Demoustier. It was first performed at the Opéra-Comique, Paris on 14 March 1800. It was a complete failure, enjoying only three performances. For the third and final performance on 20 March the opera was reduced from three acts to two. Cherubini wrote the overture, the first act and half of the third; Méhul the second act and the rest of the third.

Luigi Cherubini
Maria Luigi Carlo Zenobio Salvatore Cherubini (/ˌkɛrʊˈbiːni/ KERR-uu-BEE-nee; Italian: [luˈiːdʒi keruˈbiːni]; 8 or 14 September 1760 – 15 March 1842) was an Italian Classical and Romantic composer. His most significant compositions are operas and sacred music. Beethoven regarded Cherubini as the greatest living composer of his era. Cherubini's operas were heavily praised and interpreted by Rossini.
1969 Munster Senior Club Hurling Championship
The 1969 Munster Senior Club Hurling Championship was the sixth staging of the Munster Senior Club Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Munster Council in 1964. The championship ran from 22 February 1970 to 11 April 1971.

Newmarket-on-Fergus of Clare were the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Glen Rovers in the semi-finals. Killarney of Kerry made their championship debut.

The Munster final was played at Seán Treacy Park in Tipperary on 11 April 1971, between Roscrea of Tipperary and Glen Rovers of Cork, in what was a first championship meeting between the teams. Roscrea won the match by 3–06 to 1–09 to claim a first title.

Roscrea's Francis Loughnane was the championship's top scorer with 4–10.

Arravale Rovers GAA
Arravale Rovers GAA (Irish: Fánaithe Gleann Árann) is Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) club in County Tipperary, Ireland. Based in the town of Tipperary, it competes at senior level in Tipperary GAA county and divisional hurling and Gaelic football championships and leagues. Now part of the West Division of Tipperary GAA, it formerly played in the South Division Up to 1930. The Club has an illustrious history and was one of the leading clubs during the foundation era of the GAA,  winning the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship in its formative years.
Johanna Fadul
Johanna Elena Rojas Fadul  (born September 5, 1985) is a Colombian actress and model. She made herself known in the Colombian series Padres e Hijos, and later starred as Daniela Barrera in the Telemundo series Sin senos sí hay paraíso.

Padres e Hijos
Padres e Hijos (English: "Parents and Children") is a long-running Colombian daytime series produced by Colombiana de Televisión.

On August 21, 2009 the last Padres e Hijos episode of the series aired, due to the cancellation of its contract with Caracol TV.
Ana María Abello starred as Fabiana.
Lego Legacy: Heroes Unboxed
Lego Legacy: Heroes Unboxed was a Lego-themed turn-based strategy game developed and published by Gameloft. It was released on Apple's App Store and Google Play as a free downloadable game. The game centers on a fictional location named Piptown, which serves as the central game hub for accessing the challenges, campaigns, events, shop, guilds, and arena.

It was designed for players of all ages and aimed to bring to life 40 years of minifigure history, while also featuring classic Lego sets from the past. Although it was free to play, there are some shortcuts that can be made with in-game purchases.

Strategy video game
A strategy video game is a video game genre that emphasizes strategic or tactical planning and decision-making, often involving the indirect control of multiple units and the management of limited resources, rather than the quick reflexes typical of action games.

Strategy video games are commonly divided into two main forms: turn-based strategy (TBS), in which players act in discrete turns, and real-time strategy (RTS), in which play proceeds continuously. Many also incorporate elements such as tactics, diplomacy, economics, or exploration.

Electronic strategy games developed in part from earlier non-digital board games and wargames, and scholars note that the definition of “strategy” in games is not entirely uniform across contexts.
Neoklis Avdalas
Neoklis "Neo" Avdalas (Greek: Νεοκλής "Νεο" Αβδάλας; born February 4, 2006) is a Greek college basketball player for the Virginia Tech Hokies of the Atlantic Coast Conference. Standing at 2.05 m (6 ft 9 in) tall, he can play at the point guard, shooting guard and small forward positions. He is the youngest son of former basketball player Dimitris Avdalas.

Greece men's national under-16 basketball team
The Greece men's national under-16 basketball team, or Greek Cadets national basketball team, (Greek: Εθνική ομάδα καλαθοσφαίρισης Παίδων Ελλάδας) is the representative for Greece in international under-16 basketball competitions. It is organized and run by the Hellenic Basketball Federation (E.O.K.). The Greece men's national under-16 basketball team represents the country at the FIBA U16 EuroBasket.
MT Vulcanus
MT Vulcanus, also known as Vulcanus I, Oragreen, Kotrando, and Erich Schröder, is a cargo ship first placed in service in 1956 that was used from 1972 to 1990 as an incinerator ship and later as a tanker.

Tanker (ship)
A tanker (or tank ship or tankship) is a ship designed to transport or store liquids or gases in bulk.  Major types of tanker ship include the oil tanker (or petroleum tanker), the chemical tanker, cargo ships, and a gas carrier. Tankers also carry commodities such as vegetable oils, citrus juice, molasses, and wine.

In the United States Navy and Military Sealift Command, a tanker used to refuel other ships is called an oiler (or replenishment oiler if it can also supply dry stores) but many other navies use the terms tanker and replenishment tanker.

Tankers were first developed in the late 19th century as iron and steel hulls and pumping systems were developed. As of 2005, there were just over 4,000 tankers and supertankers 10,000 LT DWT or greater operating worldwide.
Governor Islands (South Orkney Islands)
The Governor Islands in the South Atlantic (60°30′S 45°56′W﻿ / ﻿60.500°S 45.933°W﻿ / -60.500; -45.933) are a group of islands and rocks 0.5 nautical miles (1 km) north of Penguin Point, the northwestern extremity of Coronation Island, in the South Orkney Islands. They were discovered by Captain George Powell and Captain Nathaniel Palmer during their joint cruise in December 1821. The name appears on a chart based upon a running survey of the South Orkney Islands in 1912–13 by Petter Sorlle, a Norwegian whaling captain.

Running survey
A running survey is a rough survey made by a vessel while coasting.  Bearings to landmarks are taken at intervals as the vessel sails offshore, and are used to fix features on the coast and further inland. Intervening coastal detail is sketched in.

The method was used by James Cook, and subsequently by navigators who sailed under—or were influenced by—him, including George Vancouver, William Bligh and Matthew Flinders.

In land surveying, the term can refer to establishment of a boundary by a combination of distance measurement, using Gunter's chain or similar, and direction, using a magnetic compass or astronomic means. The results obtained by such methods are irreproducible and open to legal challenge.
1998 Ohio Secretary of State election
The 1998 Ohio Secretary of State election was held on November 3, 1998, to elect the Ohio Secretary of State. Primaries were held on May 3, 1998. Incumbent Republican Ohio Secretary of State Bob Taft was term-limited and could not run for a third consecutive term.

Republican Ohio State Treasurer Ken Blackwell won the election, defeating Democratic Ohio House Representative Charleta Tavares with 56.03% of the vote.

Ohio Secretary of State
The secretary of state of Ohio is an elected statewide official in the state of Ohio. The secretary of state is responsible for overseeing elections in the state; registering business entities (corporations, etc.) and granting them the authority to do business within the state; registering secured transactions; and granting access to public documents.

From 1803 to 1851, the Ohio secretary of state was elected by the Ohio General Assembly to a three-year term. The 1851 Ohio Constitution made the office elective, with a two-year term. In 1954, the office's term was extended to four years. The secretary of state is elected in even-numbered, off cycle years, (no Presidential elections), after partisan primary elections.
Sani language
Sani (Chinese: 撒尼; pinyin: Sani) is one of the Loloish languages spoken by the Yi people of China. It is one of six Yi languages recognized by the Chinese government, under the name Southeastern Yi. Sani is spoken in Shilin, Luliang, Luxi, Shizong, Yiliang, Malong, Luquan, and Mile counties by about 120,000 speakers.

The Sani [sa˨˩ni˨˩] call themselves [ni21]. Their language is distinct from the closely related Samei, whose speakers call themselves Sani [sa21 ni53].

Another group known as the Sa 撒 (autonym: Sani 撒尼) lives in Qiubei County (Yunnan 1960). Yunnan (1960) considers it to be similar to Sani of Shilin County. The ethnic population consisted of 1,443 as of 1960.

Malong, Qujing
Malong District (simplified Chinese: 马龙区; traditional Chinese: 馬龍區; pinyin: Mǎlóng Qū) is a district of the city of Qujing, Yunnan province, China. It borders Qilin District and Zhanyi District to the east and northeast, Luliang County and Yiliang County, Kunming to the south, and Songming County and Xundian County to the west and northwest.
Oddvar Vormeland
Oddvar Vormeland (28 February 1924 – 30 August 2013) was a Norwegian educationalist and civil servant.

He was born in Hof i Solør as a son of folk high school manager Ola Vormeland and his wife Gyda, née Hval. In 1949 he married Sigrun Røed, who was also a daughter of a school manager. He took commerce school in 1942, the examen artium in 1943 and teachers' college in 1948.

He took the mag.art. degree (PhD equivalent) in 1951, and the dr.philos. degree in 1967. From 1959 to 1964 he worked as a lecturer at the University of Oslo; he then served as a school inspector, and was the school director of Oslo and Akershus from 1971 to 1984. He was then a deputy under-secretary of state in the Ministry of Education and Church Affairs from 1984 to 1989, and an assisting professor at the University of Oslo from 1990 to 1994. He has published several books.

He has resided in Bærum, later at Voksenåsen and Vinderen in Oslo. He died in August 2013.

Hof Municipality (Hedmark)
Hof is a former municipality in the old Hedmark county, Norway. The 422.4-square-kilometre (163.1 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1963. The area is now part of Åsnes Municipality in the traditional district of Solør. The administrative centre was the village of Hof where the old Hof Church is located.

Prior to its dissolution in 1963, the 422.4-square-kilometre (163.1 sq mi) municipality was the 226th largest by area out of the 705 municipalities in Norway. Hof Municipality was the 272nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 3,285. The municipality's population density was 7.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (20/sq mi) and its population had decreased by 4.6% over the previous 10-year period.