hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wadi Salih
Wadi Salih is a province of Central Darfur state of Sudan. On March 5, 2004, at least 145 people were killed by Janjaweed forces. It is South of Zalingei. It is between Mukjar and Habillah regions.

Traditionally in the homeland of the Fur tribe, Wadi Salih is predominantly Furawi with estimates up to 90% with the other 10% being some other tribes such as the Dajo tribe in the east of Wadi Salih.

Garsila is the biggest town in Wadi Salih with it housing up to as high as 7,000 people until the early 2000s, which was during the time the Darfur Genocide took place which caused people to flee.

Now in late 2025 using satellite imagery we can see that a lot of the markets of this town are empty, same with most homes. Almost no sign of human activity here.

Darfur genocide (2003–2005)
The Darfur genocide was the systematic killing of ethnic Darfuri people during the War in Darfur. The genocide, which was carried out against the Fur, Masalit and Zaghawa ethnic groups, led the International Criminal Court (ICC) to indict several people for crimes against humanity, rape, forced transfer and torture. An estimated 200,000 people were killed between 2003 and 2005. Other sources estimate that between 2003 and 2008, the conflict resulted in about 300,000 civilian deaths and about 2.7 million displaced civilians.
Paul Corts
Paul Corts (born 1943) is an American educator and public official. Most of his career was spent in leadership positions in Christian higher education, including as President of Wingate College and later Palm Beach Atlantic University. He then served as Assistant Attorney General during the George W Bush administration. Later, he served as President of the Council of Christian Colleges and Universities.

He is perhaps most popularly known for his  2005 role in removing the robes that had covered semi-nude statues at the US Department of Justice. His role in this was humorously revisited in the widely read comic strip series "Sylvia."

Palm Beach Atlantic University
Palm Beach Atlantic University (PBA) is a private nondenominational Christian university in West Palm Beach, Florida. PBA's nine colleges focus on the liberal arts with a select collection of professional studies. In 2024, PBA's undergraduate enrollment was approximately 2,600.

Founded in 1968, PBA grew out of a local Baptist church. PBA is now a nondenominational institution. PBA operated out of assorted buildings until the first purpose-built PBA campus building was completed in 1982. A subsidiary PBA campus operates in Orlando. Eighteen sports teams represent PBA in NCAA Division II competitions.
Fatima Jinnah Colony
Fatima Jinnah Colony (Urdu: فاطمہ جناح کالونی) is a neighborhood in the Karachi Central district of Karachi, Pakistan. It was previously administered as part of New Karachi Town, which was disbanded in 2011.

Currently it is renamed as union committee 14 Fatima Jinnah Karachi Central as promulgation of Sindh Local Government Act 2013. 
The neighborhood includes sector 11-E and 11-H of North Karachi Town, Karachi Central.

There are several ethnic groups in New Karachi Town including Muhajirs, Sindhis, Kashmiris, Seraikis, Pakhtuns, Balochis, Memons, Bohras Ismailis, etc. Over 99% of the population is Muslim.

Kashmiris
Kashmiri people (Kashmiri pronunciation: [kəːʃirʲ]) are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group speaking the Kashmiri language and originating from the Kashmir Valley region, which is located in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir.
Like-A-Butterfly
Like-A-Butterfly (19 April 1994 – 7 February 2013) was an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare who competed in National Hunt racing. Although she did not begin competing in public until she was seven years old she had a successful racing career, winning twelve of her seventeen races, including five at Grade I level. She was unbeaten in three National Hunt Flat races including the Champion INH Flat Race and her first five over hurdles including the Royal Bond Novice Hurdle, Deloitte Novice Hurdle and Supreme Novices' Hurdle. She won the Irish Champion Hurdle but missed the whole of the next season through injury. In her final season she competed in steeplechases and won three times including the Powers Gold Cup and the Mildmay Novices' Chase. After retiring from racing she produced five foals before dying of horse colic at the age of nineteen.

WillowWarm Gold Cup
The WillowWarm Gold Cup is a Grade 1 National Hunt steeplechase in Ireland which is open to horses aged five years or older. It is run at Fairyhouse over a distance of about 2 miles and 4 furlongs (4,023 metres), and during its running there are sixteen fences to be jumped. The race is for novice chasers, and it is scheduled to take place each year on Easter Sunday.

The event  was formerly sponsored by Irish Distillers, the producers of Powers Whiskey and from 2015 to 2019 it was sponsored by Irish airline Ryanair. In 2021 it was sponsored by Underwriting Exchange, in 2022 by BoyleSports and since 2023 by WillowWarm. It is run during the Fairyhouse Easter Festival, a three-day meeting which also features the Irish Grand National. Prior to 1994 it was contested over 2 miles and 2 furlongs.
Arthur J. Lamb
Arthur J. Lamb (12 August 1870 – 10 August 1928) was a British lyricist best known for the 1897 song "Asleep in the Deep" and the 1900 song "A Bird in a Gilded Cage". He collaborated with many songwriters, including siblings Albert Von Tilzer and Harry Von Tilzer, Henry W. Petrie and Kerry Mills.

His fame faded and he died in poverty, his body saved from a Potters Field burial by ASCAP, who paid for a proper burial for him.

Albert Von Tilzer
Albert Von Tilzer (born Elias Gumbinsky (changed to Albert Gumm); March 29, 1878 – October 1, 1956) was an American songwriter, the younger brother of fellow songwriter Harry Von Tilzer. He wrote the music to many hit songs, most notably "Take Me Out to the Ball Game".
Soprano sarrusophone
The soprano sarrusophone is a high-pitched member of the sarrusophone family of keyed metal conical bore double reed instruments. It is pitched in B♭ with approximately the same range as the soprano saxophone. The timbre is similar to that of the oboe, although louder and less refined, more like a shawm. Although used in wind bands in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it is today extremely rare, as few original specimens survive. They were made in the late 19th and early 20th century principally by their inventor and Parisian instrument maker Pierre-Louis Gautrot, and his successor Couesnon & Co.. Instruments are also known from manufacturers Evette & Schaeffer, Distin & Co. of London, and Orsi of Milan. New instruments can still be made individually to order from Orsi.

Double reed
A double reed is a type of reed used to produce sound in various wind instruments. In contrast with a single-reed instrument, where the instrument is played by channeling air against one piece of cane which vibrates against the mouthpiece and creates a sound, a double reed features two pieces of cane vibrating against each other. This means, for instruments with the double reed fully exposed, that the air flow can be controlled by the embouchure from the top, bottom and sides of the reed. The term double reeds can also refer collectively to the class of instruments which use double reeds.
Susan Beckman
Susan Beckman is a former state representative from Arapahoe County, Colorado. A Republican, Beckman represented Colorado House of Representatives District 38, which encompasses the communities of Bow Mar, Centennial, Columbine, Columbine Valley, and Littleton, in Arapahoe County, Colorado.

Bow Mar, Colorado
Bow Mar is a statutory town located in Arapahoe and Jefferson counties, Colorado, United States. The town population was 853 at the 2020 United States census with 587 residing in Arapahoe County and 266 residing in Jefferson County. Bow Mar is part of the Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area. The current mayor of Bow Mar is Bryan Sperry.
Service rifle
A service rifle (or standard-issue rifle) is any rifle a military issues to its regular soldiers or infantry. In modern militaries, this is generally a versatile, rugged, and reliable assault rifle or battle rifle, suitable for use in nearly all environments and is effective in most combat situations. Service rifles are solely designated and used as the primary weapon in almost all instances of warfare and training. Almost all modern militaries are also issued service pistols as sidearms to accompany their service rifles. The term can also be used to describe weapons issued by non-military forces, such as law enforcement or paramilitaries.

If the issued weapon is not a rifle or carbine, but instead a different type of firearm intended to serve in a specialized role such as a combat shotgun, submachine gun, or light machine gun, it is called a service firearm or service weapon.

Combat
Combat is a purposeful violent conflict between multiple combatants with the intent to harm the opposition. Combat may be armed (using weapons) or unarmed (not using weapons). Combat is resorted to either as a method of self-defense or to impose one's will upon others. An instance of combat can be a standalone confrontation or part of a wider conflict, and its scale can range from a fight between individuals to a war between organized groups. Combat may also be benign and recreational, as in the cases of combat sports and mock combat.

Combat may comply with, or be in violation of, local or international laws regarding conflict. Examples of rules include the Geneva Conventions (covering the treatment of people in war), medieval chivalry, the Marquess of Queensberry Rules (covering boxing), and the individual rulesets of various combat sports.
Gisela Jaacks
Gisela Jaacks (born August 19, 1944, in Güstrow) is a German folklorist. She was director of the Museum for Hamburg History from 2002 to 2008. Since 1986, she has been a professor of cultural history at the University of the Arts Bremen.

University of the Arts Bremen
The University of the Arts Bremen (German: Hochschule für Künste Bremen, HfK Bremen) is a public university in Bremen, Germany. It is one of the most successful arts institutions, and its origins date back to 1873. The University of the Arts Bremen runs a Faculty of Fine Arts and Design, and a Faculty of Music, with approximately 900 students, 65 professors and about 180 assistant professors.

The academic subdivisions within the University are Music, Art, Design and practical theory. The institution's specialisms in both music and visual arts is unique within Germany, save for the Berlin University of the Arts. Recent works and exhibitions combine visual art, digital media and music, with emphasis on co-operation between disciplines.
South African Class 25 4-8-4
The South African Railways Class 25 4-8-4 of 1953 was a condensing steam locomotive.

Between 1953 and 1955, the South African Railways placed ninety Class 25 condensing steam locomotives with a 4-8-4 Northern type wheel arrangement in service. The Class 25NC which was placed in service at the same time was a non-condensing version of the Class 25 condenser.

De Aar
De Aar is a town in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. It has a population of around 42,000 inhabitants.

It is the second-most important railway junction in the country, situated on the line between Cape Town and Kimberley. The junction was of particular strategic importance to the British during the Second Boer War. De Aar is also a primary commercial distribution centre for a large area of the central Great Karoo. Major production activities of the area include wool production and livestock farming. The area is also popular for hunting, although the region is rather arid. De Aar is also affectionately known as "Die SES" deriving its nickname from the six farms that have surrounded De Aar since the 1900s.
Domenico Svampa
Domenico Svampa (13 June 1851 in Montegranaro, Papal States – 10 August 1907 in Bologna, Kingdom of Italy) was an Italian Roman Catholic prelate and cardinal who served as the Archbishop of Bologna from 1894 until his death.

He studied in Rome in 1879 and obtained doctorates in theology as well as canon and civil law. He taught these subjects at the seminary of Fermo and the Pontifical Roman Atheaneum S Apollinare. He was elected bishop of Forlì on 23 May 1887 and was created cardinal priest in the consistory of 18 May 1894. He was named as Cardinal Priest of S Onofrio.

He participated in the conclave of 1903.

He is buried in Bologna.

Montegranaro
Montegranaro is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Fermo in the Italian region of Marche, located about 45 km (28 mi) south of Ancona and about 45 km (28 mi) north of Ascoli Piceno. It is one of the main centres for shoe production in Italy.
Nick Smith (footballer, born 1984)
Nicholas Smith (born 27 August 1984) is an Australian rules footballer with the Box Hill Hawks of the Victorian Football League (VFL). Previously, Smith played for the Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL).

Recruited from South Australian National Football League club Norwood in the 2002 AFL draft, Smith debuted in 2003 for Melbourne, playing three games for the season, but having little game time or impact.

In 2004 and 2005, Smith played with Melbourne's VFL-affiliate, Sandringham, suffered a knee injury in 2005 which ended his season prematurely.

Smith played in the VFL throughout 2006 but an injury to Melbourne's top ruckman Mark Jamar, Smith was suddenly recalled for the semi-final match against Fremantle Football Club. It was Smith's first AFL game in three years, but he could only manage three hitouts, as Melbourne were knocked out of the finals.

Smith was delisted by the Demons at the end of the 2006 season.

Norwood Football Club
The Norwood Football Club, nicknamed the Redlegs, is an Australian rules football club competing in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL). Its home ground is Coopers Stadium (Norwood Oval), which is often referred to as "The Parade". It is one of the two traditional powerhouse clubs of the SANFL, the other being Port Adelaide, who together have won half of all SANFL premierships (see Port Adelaide–Norwood SANFL rivalry). The club has won 31 SANFL premierships and 1 SANFLW premiership.
William W. Brown (Wisconsin politician)
William Wells Brown or W. W. Brown (died October 3, 1871) was an American merchant and pioneer settler of Milwaukee, Wisconsin.  He was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly for the 1st Wisconsin Legislature (1848).

1st Wisconsin Legislature
The First Wisconsin Legislature convened from June 5, 1848, to August 21, 1848, in regular session. Members of the Assembly and Senate were elected after an election on February 1, 1848, that ratified the proposed state constitution.

Wisconsin's first governor, Democrat Nelson Dewey, of Grant County, was sworn in on the 3rd day of this legislative term.  He was the only governor of Wisconsin during this legislative term.
Balog (genus)
Balog or Balogh was a medieval family or clan (Latin generatio) of Hungarian nobles which is believed to have been founded by the German knight Altmann von Friedberg, somewhat around 1046, when he settled in the Kingdom of Hungary.
The family branches spread over time all throughout the Kingdom of Hungary and within the Austrian Empire and Austro-Hungarian Monarchy during the centuries.
Notable members:

Paul, Bishop of Veszprém (1263–1275)

Paul, Bishop of Pécs (1293–1306)

Henry (fl. 1299–1300)

Notable families deriving their ancestry from the Balog:

Derencsényi

Szécsi

Balogh de Mankó Bük

Balogh de Galantha

Diocese of Pécs
The Diocese of Pécs (Hungarian: Pécsi Egyházmegye, Latin: Dioecesis Quinque Ecclesiensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic church in Hungary. The Cathedral of Pécs is dedicated to Saint Peter and Saint Paul.
Narva railway station
Narva railway station (Estonian: Narva raudteejaam) is the easternmost railway station in Estonia, serving the city of Narva.

The station was opened in 1870, and the first station building was destroyed in 1919 during the Estonian War of Independence. The second station building was constructed in 1922, and it was demolished during World War II. Following World War II, the current neoclassical station building was constructed.

The station building today hosts a passport control and customs office, which are open when trains to/from Russia depart/arrive. The waiting hall is open during daytime, but has no facilities, such as luggage lockers, WC nor a ticket office (the nearby bus station has a toilet but no left luggage service). Access to platforms is only possible in conjunction with train departures and arrivals.

In the 2026 timetable, there are 5 passenger trains a day to Tallinn Balti jaam operated by Elron.

Estonian War of Independence
The Estonian War of Independence, also known as the Estonian Liberation War, and War of Freedom  in Estonia, was a defensive campaign of the Estonian Army and its allies, most notably the United Kingdom, against the Soviet Russian westward offensive of 1918–1919 and the 1919 aggression of the pro–German Baltische Landeswehr. The campaign was the struggle of the newly established democratic state of Estonia for independence in the aftermath of World War I. It resulted in a victory for Estonia and was concluded in the 1920 Treaty of Tartu.
Bourns, Inc.
Bourns, Inc. is an American electronics company that develops, manufactures and supplies electronic components for a variety of industries including automotive, industrial, instrumentation, medical electronics, consumer equipment and portable electronics.

Established in Altadena, California in 1947 by Marlan and Rosemary Bourns, graduates of the University of Michigan, the company was founded to develop and sell electronic components and sensors to the aerospace industry.

Bourns has 15 manufacturing facilities around the world and has continued growing through the development of new products and technologies as well as through acquisitions.  The company has approximately 9000 employees worldwide.

Its current Chairman of the Board and CEO is Gordon Bourns, the son of the co-founders.

Instrumentation
Instrumentation is a collective term for measuring instruments, used for indicating, measuring, and recording physical quantities. It is also a field of study about the art and science about making measurement instruments, involving the related areas of metrology, automation, and control theory. The term has its origins in the art and science of scientific instrument-making.

Instrumentation can refer to devices as simple as direct-reading thermometers, or as complex as multi-sensor components of industrial control systems. Instruments can be found in laboratories, refineries, factories and vehicles, as well as in everyday household use (e.g., smoke detectors and thermostats).
Dalton Cache–Pleasant Camp Border Crossing
The Dalton Cache–Pleasant Camp Border Crossing connects the towns of Haines, Alaska and Haines Junction, Yukon on the Canada–United States border. Alaska Route 7 on the American side joins Yukon Highway 3 on the Canadian side as part of the Haines Highway.

Haines, Alaska
Haines (Tlingit: Deishú) is a census-designated place located in Haines Borough, Alaska, United States. It is in the northern part of the Alaska Panhandle and near Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve. As of the 2020 census, the population of the Haines CDP was 1,657, down from 1,713 in 2010; it has 79.6% of Haines Borough's total population.

The Chilkoot Indian Association, a federally recognized tribe of Tlingit people, is headquartered in Haines.
Stlʼatlʼimx Tribal Police Service
The Stlʼatlʼimx Tribal Police Service (STPS) is the police force for St'at'imc (or Stlʼatlʼimx, /slætˈliːəm/) aboriginal peoples of British Columbia. The STPS is the only aboriginal police service in British Columbia. Their officers are appointed as designated provincial constables, and have full police powers on and off-duty throughout the province. They are based in Lillooet and Mount Currie.

Communities served consist of the N'Quatqua (Anderson Lake), Lil'wat (Mount Currie), Samahquam (Baptiste-Smith), Sekw'el'was (Cayoose Creek), Skatin (Skookumchuck), T'it'q'et (Lillooet), Tsalalh (Seton Lake), Ts'kw'aylaxw (Pavilion), Xa'xtsa (Douglas), and Xaxli'p (Fountain).

Xaxli'p First Nation
Xaxli'p, (Lillooet: xáxl̓ǝpamx) also known as the Fountain or the Fountain Indian Band, is a First Nations government located in the Central Interior-Fraser Canyon region of the Canadian province of British Columbia.  It is a member of the Lillooet Tribal Council, which is the largest grouping of band governments of the St'at'imc people (aka the Lillooet people).

The offices of the Xaxli'p band government are located at Fountain, about 10 miles up the Fraser Canyon from the town of Lillooet.  Fountain is known in the St'at'imcets language as Cácl'ep or Xaxli'p.
Joseph Rao
Joseph "Tough Joey" Rao (pronounced "Ray-oh"), also known as Joey Rao and Joseph Cangro (March 12, 1901 – May 10, 1962) was a New York mobster who was both a rival and an associate of mobster Dutch Schultz. Rao was involved in drug trafficking, policy banking, and running slot machines in Harlem, New York.

Dutch Schultz
Arthur Simon Flegenheimer (August 6, 1901 – October 24, 1935), known as Dutch Schultz, was an American mobster based in New York City in the 1920s and 1930s. He made his fortune in organized crime-related activities, including bootlegging and the numbers racket. Schultz's rackets were weakened by two tax evasion trials led by United States Attorney Thomas Dewey, and also threatened by fellow mobster Lucky Luciano.

Schultz asked the Commission, the governing body of the American Mafia, for permission to kill Dewey, in an attempt to avert his conviction. They refused. When Schultz disobeyed them and made an attempt to kill Dewey, the Commission ordered his murder in 1935. Schultz was shot at a restaurant in Newark, New Jersey, and died the next day.
Public Service Commission (Nepal)
The Public Service Commission (Nepali: लोक सेवा आयोग) of Nepal was established on 15 June 1951. It is the main constitutional body involved in selecting meritorious candidates required by Government of Nepal for Civil Service vacancy. It is regarded as one of the most credible modes of recruitment by Nepalis. The Constitution of Nepal has regarded the commission as an independent constitutional body.

President of Nepal
The president of Nepal, officially the president of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is the head of state of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. The president is the nominal head of the executive, the first citizen of the country, and the supreme commander of the Nepalese Armed Forces. Ram Chandra Poudel is the 3rd and current president since 13 March 2023.

The president is indirectly elected by an electoral college comprising the Federal Parliament of Nepal and the provincial assemblies of each of Nepal's seven provinces, who themselves are all directly elected.

The office was created in May 2008 after the country was declared a republic.
Rufous-vented ground cuckoo
The rufous-vented ground cuckoo (Neomorphus geoffroyi) is a Vulnerable species of cuckoo in the tribe Neomorphini of subfamily Crotophaginae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Panama, and Peru.

Crotophaginae
The Crotophaginae are a small subfamily, within the cuckoo family Cuculidae, of four gregarious bird species occurring in the Americas. They were previously classified as a family Crotophagidae.

The subfamily is notable for the development of cooperative breeding where several females lay eggs in a communal nest. It contains the three anis and the guira cuckoo.

Among the anis, there is considerable variation in nesting habits. One species, The greater ani (Crotophaga major) lays 2 or 3 eggs, while the groove-billed ani (C. sulcirostris) lays seven. However the smooth-billed ani (C. ani) will share one nest between several females, with up to 29 eggs in one nest. Incubation takes 15 days for this species.