hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rumelihisarı, Sarıyer
Rumelihisarı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Sarıyer, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its population is 10,073 (2022). It is on the European side of Istanbul. The neighborhood is famous for and named after its medieval fortress, Rumelihisarı, built by Mehmed the Conqueror between 1451 and 1452 CE.

Looking at its administrative borders, to the north is Baltalimanı, to the northwest is Fatih Sultan Mehmet, to the west is Etiler, a district of Beşiktaş district, to the south is Bebek of Beşiktaş again, and to the east is the Bosphorus Strait.

Bebek, Beşiktaş
Bebek (lit. baby) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Beşiktaş, Istanbul, Turkey. Its population is 5,464 (2022). It is  on Bebek Bay on the European shore of the Bosphorus strait.

Some believe its use as a name comes from a shortened form of the term 'Boğaz'ın gözbebeği', which means 'pupil of the Bosphorus' or "the apple of the Bosphorus' eye" in Turkish. Others think it takes its name from the nickname for Mustafa Çelebi who was put in charge of this area after the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453. Others think it took its name from the Turkish expression meaning 'pretty as a baby'.
Abdulrazzaq Murad
Abdulrazzaq Murad (born 29 June 1990) is a Qatari handball player for Al-Gharafa and the Qatari national team.

He was part of the Qatar team that won silver medals at the 2015 World Championship in Qatar, the first World Championship medal for both Qatar and for any Asian team. The result was however controversial due to the many naturalized players of Qatar. According to the Frankfurter Allgemeine, only four of the 17 players in the squad were native to Qatar. The practice was criticised by Austrian goalkeeper after his team's loss to Qatar in the round of 16, saying "It [felt] like playing against a world selection team" and "I think it is not the sense of a world championship." Furthermore there were claims of favourable refereering for the hosts. After the final whistle of their semifinal against Poland, the Polish players showed their discontent by ironically applauding the three referees.

Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (German: [ˈfʁaŋkfʊʁtɐ ʔalɡəˈmaɪnə ˈtsaɪtʊŋ]; FAZ; "Frankfurt General Newspaper") is a German newspaper founded in 1949. It is published daily in Frankfurt and is considered a newspaper of record for Germany. Its Sunday edition is the Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung ([- ˈzɔntaːksˌtsaɪtʊŋ]; FAS).

The paper runs its own network of correspondents. Its editorial policy is not determined by a single editor, but cooperatively by four editors.
Wasserstein metric
In mathematics, the Wasserstein distance or Kantorovich–Rubinstein metric is a distance function defined between probability distributions on a given metric space . It is named after Leonid Vaseršteĭn.

Intuitively, if each distribution is viewed as a unit amount of earth (soil) piled on , the metric is the minimum "cost" of turning one pile into the other, which is assumed to be the amount of earth that needs to be moved times the mean distance it has to be moved.  This problem was first formalised by Gaspard Monge in 1781.  Because of this analogy, the metric is known in computer science as the earth mover's distance.

Gennadii Rubinstein
Gennadii Shlemovich Rubinstein (Russian: Геннадий Шлемович Рубинштейн) was a Russian mathematician. His research focused on mathematical programming and operations research. His name is associated to the Kantorovich–Rubinstein metric, also commonly known as the Wasserstein distance, used in optimal transport.

Alternate form of the first name: Gennady.

Alternate forms of the last name: Rubinšteĭn, Rubinshtein.
Illinois Route 83
Illinois Route 83 (IL 83) is a 91.73-mile-long (147.63 km) major north–south state highway in northeast Illinois. It stretches from U.S. Route 30 (US 30, Lincoln Highway) by Lynwood and Dyer, Indiana, north to the Wisconsin border by Antioch at Wisconsin Highway 83 (WIS 83).

Antioch, Illinois
Antioch is a village in Lake County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,622. The village is nestled into the Chain O'Lakes waterway system and borders the state of Wisconsin. Part of the Chicago metropolitan area, Antioch is located approximately halfway between the major cities of Chicago (60 miles south) and Milwaukee (50 miles north).
Alexander Süsskind of Grodno
Alexander Susskind ben Moses of Grodno was a kabbalist of the eighteenth century. He died at Grodno in 1794. He wrote "Yesod we-Shoresh ha-'Abodah" (The Essence and Root of Worship), Novydvor, 1782, a work frequently republished. It contains directions for the right use, and comprehension of the ritual, the daily Jewish prayers, and those for the Shabbat and Jewish holidays; also divers exegetical articles on Rashi's commentary on the Nevi'im and Ketuvim, and articles on the Holy Land and the Temple in Jerusalem. He also left an ethical will to his sons, which contains admonitions regarding divine service. This work was published in Grodno in 1794.

Ethical will
An ethical will (Hebrew: צוואה, romanized: tzava'ah, lit. 'will') is a document that passes ethical values from one generation to the next. Rabbis and Jewish laypeople have continued to write ethical wills during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. (Riemer) In recent years, the practice has been more widely used by the general public. In BusinessWeek magazine and in an American Bar Association electronic newsletter it is described as an aid to estate planning; (Murphy; Friedman) in health care and hospice (Baines; Freed) and as a spiritual healing tool. (Weil; Freed).
Balgray railway station
Balgray railway station is a railway station, under construction as of 2025, that will serve communities to the south of Barrhead (particularly Springhill and Auchenback) on the Neilston branch of the Cathcart Circle Lines. The name of the new station was chosen as the station will be located next to Balgray Reservoir, part of the Dams to Darnley Country Park.

A plan to open this station was announced by Network Rail on 23 November 2023. Funding for the station will come from the Glasgow City Region City Deal, and delivered in partnership with East Renfrewshire Council.

A planned railway station, Lyoncross railway station, was partially built on the line close to the location but never opened to the public. The intended location of the station can be discerned by the widening of the tracks just east of Aurs Road between Newton Mearns and Barrhead.

Another disused station, Barrhead South railway station on the Paisley and Barrhead District Railway was also located nearby.

Glasgow City Region
The Glasgow City Region (previously Glasgow and Clyde Valley City Region, also known as Clydeside) is a somewhat urbanised city region in the western central belt of Scotland nestled in the Clyde Valley and consisting of the following eight councils: East Dunbartonshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City Council, Inverclyde, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Lanarkshire, and West Dunbartonshire. The councils, along with several others, had previously formed the Strathclyde region between 1974 and 1996.
Hopkins Trophy
The Hopkins Trophy was an annual men's professional team golf competition between teams representing the United States and Canada. It was played from 1952 to 1956. The Americans won all five contests that were played. The matches were sponsored by John Jay Hopkins.

John Jay Hopkins
John Jay Hopkins (October 15, 1893 – May 3, 1957) was founder and president of General Dynamics from 1952 to 1957.

Hopkins was born in Santa Ana, California.

He was assistant to the Treasury Secretary. In 1937, he joined Electric Boat as a lawyer, and eventually became director. In 1948, as president of Electric Boat, he purchased Canadair and created General Dynamics from that foundation in 1952.

Hopkins created the golf World Cup, which began as the Canada Cup in 1953, and donated the trophy for the event.

Hopkins died in Washington, DC.
Task-invoked pupillary response
Task-invoked pupillary response (also known as "Task-Evoked pupillary response") is a pupillary response observed after an increase in cognitive load in humans, as a result of the subsequent decrease in parasympathetic activity in the peripheral nervous system. As a task places increased demand on working memory, pupil dilation has been observed to increase linearly. Jackson Beatty evaluated task-invoked pupillary response in different tasks for short-term memory, language processing, reasoning, perception, sustained attention, and selective attention, and found that this reaction fulfills Daniel Kahneman's three criteria for indicating processing load. That is, it can reflect differences in processing load within a task, between different tasks, and across individuals. It is used as an indicator of cognitive load in psychophysiology research.

Working memory
Working memory is a cognitive system with a limited capacity that can hold information temporarily. It is important for reasoning and the guidance of decision-making and behavior. Working memory is often used synonymously with short-term memory, but some theorists consider the two forms of memory distinct, assuming that working memory allows for the manipulation of stored information, whereas short-term memory only refers to the short-term storage of information. Working memory is a theoretical concept central to cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, and neuroscience.
Alexey Tigoyev
Alexey Viktorovich Tigoyev (Russian: Алексей Викторович Тигоев; born 1970), known as The Medvezhyegorsk Maniac (Russian: Медвежьегорский маньяк), is a Soviet-Russian serial killer who committed between seven and nine murders in Karelia and Pskov from 1990 to 2003, out of a self-admitted impulse to hurt people whenever he saw an axe.

In 2004, he was acquitted by reason of insanity and ordered to undergo psychiatric treatment for an indefinite period of time.

Karelia
Karelia (/kəˈriːliə, kəˈriːljə/; Karelian and Finnish: Karjala [ˈkɑrjɑlɑ]; Livvi: Karjal; Russian: Каре́лия, romanized: Kareliya [kɐˈrʲelʲɪjə], historically Коре́ла, Korela [kɐˈrʲelʲə]; Swedish: Karelen [kɑˈreːlen]) is an area in Northern Europe of historical significance for Russia (including the Soviet era), Finland, and Sweden. It is divided between northwestern Russia (the federal subjects of the Republic of Karelia and Leningrad Oblast) and Finland (the regions of South Karelia, North Karelia, and the eastern portion of Kymenlaakso).
PhpLiteAdmin
phpLiteAdmin is an open-source tool written in PHP intended to handle the administration of SQLite over the World Wide Web. Its feature set, interface, and overall user experience is comparable to that of phpMyAdmin for MySQL. In the same way that SQLite is a flat file database, phpLiteAdmin is distributed in the form of a single PHP file (currently approx. 200 KiB in size). Its ease of installation, portability, and small size go hand in hand with SQLite.

Flat-file database
A flat-file database is a tabular flat file in which each record is semantically independent – can meaningfully be interpreted and manipulated independent of other records of the table. The term flat loosely refers to data that is record-based and sequential yet lacks more complicated aspects such as nesting, relationships and metadata (with the exception of column headers). Relationships can be inferred from the data, but the format does not provide special accommodations for relationships.
Prince Edward County Board of Education
Prince Edward County Board of Education (PECBE) was a school district in Ontario, Canada, serving Prince Edward County. Its headquarters were in Bloomfield.

The school district, as of 1997, operated eight elementary schools and one secondary school, with over 3,600 students and 275 teaching and support employees. The district served ten municipalities, including the townships of Ameliasburgh, Athol, Hallowell, Hillier, Ontario, North Marysburgh, Sophiasburg, and South Marysburgh, the villages of Bloomfield and Wellington, and Picton town.

Its territory is now served by the Hastings & Prince Edward District School Board.

Picton, Ontario
Picton is an unincorporated community located in Prince Edward County in southeastern Ontario, roughly 160 km (99 mi) east of Toronto. It is the county's largest community and former seat located at the southwestern end of Picton Bay, a branch of the Bay of Quinte, which is along the northern shoreline of Lake Ontario. The town is named for Lieutenant General Sir Thomas Picton, who served in the British Army during the Peninsular War in Spain and Portugal. He also saw action at the Battle of Waterloo, where he was killed. It was formerly incorporated as a town. Picton is home to the Picton Pirates of the Provincial Junior Hockey League Tod Division.
Notre-Dame Cathedral Basilica
The Notre-Dame Cathedral Basilica is a Roman Catholic minor basilica in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada located on 385 Sussex Drive in the Lower Town neighbourhood. It was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1990.

The basilica is the oldest and largest church in Ottawa and the seat of the city's Roman Catholic archbishop. Its twin spires and gilded Madonna are easily identifiable from nearby Parliament Hill and the surrounding area. The church was last renovated and restored in the late 1990s. Services are held in both French and English. Its Easter and Christmas masses are telecast nationally on Salt+Light Television every year.

Lower Town
Lower Town (also spelled "Lowertown" (French: la Basse-Ville) is a neighbourhood in Rideau-Vanier Ward in central Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, to the east of downtown. It is the oldest neighbourhood of the city, with construction beginning in 1826. It includes the commercial Byward Market area in the south-western part, and is predominantly residential in the north and east.

It was historically French Canadian and Irish, and is to this day home to many Franco-Ontarian families, businesses and institutions.
E. B. Dimbulane
Edmund Bernard Dimbulane was a Ceylonese politician and a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.

In March 1955, the sitting member for Alutnuwara electoral district, J. A. Rambukpota, died. At the subsequent by-election, held on 28 May 1955, Dimbulane ran as the United National Party candidate. He polled 5,921 votes (58% of the total vote) and 3,114 votes clear of his nearest rival from the Lanka Sama Samaja Party.

He contested the 3rd parliamentary election, held from 5 to 10 April 1956, but was unable to retain his seat, losing to the Sri Lanka Freedom Party candidate K. D. Goonaratne, by 2,448 votes.

1956 Ceylonese parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Ceylon  in 1956. They were a watershed in the country's political history, and were the first elections fought to realistically challenge the ruling United National Party. Former Leader of the House S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike crossed over to the opposition to form the Sri Lanka Freedom Party to launch his bid for Prime Minister. The party won the election with 51 seats, winning a majority in the house.
Battle of Loděnice (1179)
The Battle of Loděnice was a conflict that took place in 23 January 1179 near the village Loděnice. It was a clash between two Bohemian princes over the succession of the duchy. Soběslav II defeated Bedřich, who was forced to flee.

Despite Soběslav's significant victory, he was eventually routed by Bedřich and Czech prince, Konrád II Ota, who overthrew Soběslav, at the end of the war. Therefore, Bedřich took the throne, however his reign caused many problems.

Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia
Conrad II Otto (Czech: Konrád II. Ota; c. 1136/1140 – 9 September 1191), a member of Přemyslid dynasty, was the first margrave of Moravia from 1182 to 1189 and duke of Bohemia from 1189 until his death.
Aranayaka Electoral District
Aranayaka electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between July 1977 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Aranayaka in Kegalle District, Sabaragamuwa Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Aranayaka electoral district was replaced by the Kegalle multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections, the first under the proportional representation system.

Aranayaka
Aranayaka (Sinhala: අරණායක) is a town in the Kegalle District of Sabaragamuwa Province in Sri Lanka. Its agricultural economy revolves around local rubber, tea, banana and mahogany plantations. The town got popular due to a tragic landslide triggered on 17 May 2016.

The Mawanella-Aranayaka-Horawella Road (Highway B278) passes through the middle of the city, running parallel to the Maha Oya on the east side. Dippitiya, a town situated 3 km (1.9 mi) north of Aranayaka, has a greater population but fewer amenities. The local police station is situated in the town of Gevilipitiya, 4.3 km (2.7 mi) north of Aranayaka.
Anjuman-e-Ittihadul Madaris Bangladesh
Anjuman-e-Ittihadul Madaris Bangladesh is one of six officially recognized Qawmi madrasa education boards in Bangladesh, operating under Al-Haiatul Ulya Lil-Jamiatil Qawmia Bangladesh. Founded in 1959 under the influence of Azizul Haque, the founder of Al Jamia Al Islamia Patiya, and with the support of Muhammad Yunus, his successor, it has developed a structured 15-year curriculum comprising six stages and central examinations. It serves both administrative and academic roles for its affiliated madrasas. Since late 2023, it has faced internal divisions that resulted in its fragmentation into two rival factions—one initially led by Sultan Zauq Nadwi and Obaidullah Hamzah, and the other by Hafez Ahmadullah and Ekram Hossain Adudi. Following the deaths of Sultan Zauq Nadwi and Hafez Ahmadullah, their positions were subsequently succeeded by Furqanullah Khalil and Abu Taher Nadwi.

Azizul Haque (scholar, born 1903)
Azizul Haque (Bengali: আজিজুল হক; 1903 — 1961) was an Islamic scholar and social reformer from present-day Bangladesh. He was the founder of Al-Jamiah al-Islamiyyah Patiya and served as its first chancellor.
That's All You Gotta Do
"That's All You Gotta Do" is a song written by Jerry Reed and performed by Brenda Lee. It peaked at #6 on the Billboard Hot 100 the week of July 18, 1960, with another Lee hit song "I'm Sorry" simultaneously occupying the top spot. It also reached #19 on the R&B chart in 1960. The song also reached #6 in Australia.  The song was featured on her 1960 album, Brenda Lee.

The song was ranked #71 on Billboard magazine's Top Hot 100 songs of 1960.

Jerry Reed
Jerry Reed Hubbard (March 20, 1937 – September 1, 2008), known professionally as Jerry Reed, was an American country singer, guitarist, composer, songwriter, and actor who appeared in more than a dozen films. His signature songs included "Guitar Man", "U.S. Male", "A Thing Called Love", "Alabama Wild Man", "Amos Moses", "When You're Hot, You're Hot" (which garnered a Grammy Award for Best Country Vocal Performance, Male), "Ko-Ko Joe", "Lord, Mr. Ford", "East Bound and Down" (the theme song for the 1977 film Smokey and the Bandit, in which Reed co-starred), "The Bird", and "She Got the Goldmine (I Got the Shaft)".

Reed was inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum. He was announced as an inductee into the Country Music Hall of Fame in April 2017, and he was officially inducted by Bobby Bare on October 24.
Eddie Brigati
Edward Brigati Jr. (born October 22, 1945) is an American singer-songwriter. He was the co-lead vocalist, along with Felix Cavaliere, and percussionist in the rock group The Young Rascals from 1964 to 1970.

Prior to his stint with The Young Rascals (who later shortened their name to The Rascals), Brigati had been a member of Joey Dee and the Starliters (having replaced his brother, original Starliter David Brigati, in that group). With the help of group founder Billy (Smith) Amato and manager Sid Bernstein, the Rascals became the first all-white group signed to Atlantic Records. They (along with The Righteous Brothers and The Box Tops), were practitioners of a genre of music coined 'blue-eyed soul'.

Blue-eyed soul
Blue-eyed soul (also called white soul) is rhythm and blues (R&B) and soul music performed by white artists. The term was coined in the mid-1960s, to describe white artists whose sound was similar to that of the predominantly black Motown and Stax record labels. Though many R&B radio stations in the United States in that period would only play music by black musicians, some began to play music by white acts considered to have "soul feeling"; their music was then described as "blue-eyed soul".
Yevgeniy Petin
Yevgeniy Vladimirovich Petin (Евгений Владимирович Петин; born 29 January 1975) is an Uzbekistani triple jumper. His personal best jump is 16.67 metres, achieved in July 2000 in Moscow.

He competed at the 1996 Olympic Games, the 1997 World Championships and the 2000 Olympic Games without reaching the final. In the qualification of the triple jump, he showed the 34th result (15.27).

In the same year, he took 10th place at the Asian Athletics Championships in Jakarta (15.53).

1997 World Championships in Athletics
The 6th World Championships in Athletics (Greek: Παγκόσμιο Πρωτάθλημα Στίβου 1997), under the auspices of the International Association of Athletic Federations, were held at the Olympic Stadium, Athens, Greece between 1 and 10 August 1997. 1,882 athletes from 198 participant nations participated in this event.

It was the first edition to award wild cards to defending champions even if they did not qualify for their national team. This allowed four athletes from the same country to compete in an individual event in some cases.
Josip Zovko
Josip Zovko (4 June 1970 – 3 April 2019) was a Croatian actor and director.  A native of the Berinovac, Lokvičići municipality in the Imotska Krajina he was best known for playing Joze in the television series Naši i vaši. He was also acclaimed for his roles in the films Sorry for Kung Fu and Wish I Were a Shark.

Krajina
Krajina (Serbo-Croatian: [krâjina]) is a Slavic toponym, meaning 'country' or 'march'. The term is related to kraj or krai, originally meanings land, country or edge and today denoting a region or province, usually remote from urban centers.
Shimokō temple ruins
Shimokō temple ruins (下府廃寺, Shimokō Haiji ato) is an archeological site  with the ruins of a Nara period Buddhist temple located in the Shimofu neighborhood of the city of  Shimane, Tottori prefecture,  in the San'in region of Japan. The foundations of its Pagoda were designated as a National Historic Site in 1937.

San'in region
The San'in Region (山陰地方, San'in Chihō) is an area in the southwest of Honshū, the main island of Japan. It consists of the northern part of the Chūgoku region, facing the Sea of Japan. Specifically, it is the two prefectures of Shimane and Tottori.
1970 South Antrim by-election
The 1970 South Antrim by-election of 16 April 1970 resulted in the loss of a seat from the Ulster Unionist Party to the much smaller Protestant Unionist Party.

In the 1969 General Election the previous MP, the comparatively liberal Richard Ferguson, handily beat his only opponent, the Protestant Unionist William Beattie.  Although the Ulster Unionist candidate was relatively hardline, losing his previous seat to the pro O'Neill unofficial Unionists.

Beattie first came to public attention in 1966 after he took over Paisley's Ulster Hall rallies while he was imprisoned for unlawful assembly.

Ulster Hall
The Ulster Hall  is a concert hall and grade A listed building in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Situated at 34 Bedford Street in Belfast city centre, the hall hosts concerts, classical recitals, craft fairs and political party conferences.