hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spencer-Smith
Spencer-Smith is a British double-barrelled surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arnold Spencer-Smith (1883–1916), English clergyman and member of Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition

Joshua Spencer-Smith (1843–1928), English cricketer, twin brother of Orlando Spencer-Smith

Lauren Spencer-Smith (born 2003), British-born Canadian singer-songwriter

Orlando Spencer-Smith (1843–1920), English cricketer, twin brother of Joshua Spencer-Smith

Arnold Spencer-Smith
Arnold Patrick Spencer-Smith FRHistS (17 March 1883 – 9 March 1916) was an English clergyman and amateur photographer who joined Sir Ernest Shackleton's 1914–1917 Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition as chaplain on the Ross Sea party, who were tasked with laying a chain of depots across the Ross Ice Shelf towards the Beardmore Glacier for Shackleton's intended crossing party.

On the trail, Spencer-Smith fell ill with scurvy at 83° south and left alone in a tent for 10 days while the others continued on to lay the last depot. After their return he was pulled on a sledge back towards the base at Cape Evans, but died on the journey in March 1916.

Cape Spencer-Smith on White Island in the Ross Archipelago is named in his honour.
1970 Connecticut Attorney General election
The 1970 Connecticut Attorney General election took place on November 3, 1970, to elect the Attorney General of Connecticut. Incumbent Democratic Attorney General Robert K. Killian was appointed to the office by Governor John N. Dempsey in 1967 to fill the vacancy left by Harold M. Mulvey, who resigned a year into his term to accept an appointment to the Connecticut Superior Court.

Killian was elected to a full term in his own right, defeating Republican nominee Donald T. Dorsey by 1,763 votes, a margin of just 0.17%. As of 2026, this was the last time the Attorney General of Connecticut was elected by less than a 5-point margin.

Connecticut Republican Party
The Connecticut Republican Party is the Connecticut affiliate of the national Republican Party.

Republicans control neither chamber of the state legislature, no constitutional state offices, none of the state's five seats in the U.S. House, and neither of its two U.S. Senate seats. The last Republican to represent the state in the U.S. House was Chris Shays, who lost his seat in 2008 to Jim Himes. The last Republican to represent the state in the U.S. Senate was Lowell Weicker, who lost his seat in 1988 to Joe Lieberman.
Dhaulagiri (mountain range)
The Dhaulagiri massif in Nepal extends 120 km (70 mi) from the Kaligandaki River west to the Bheri. This massif is bounded on the north and southwest by tributaries of the Bheri River and on the southeast by the Myagdi Khola. The range lies 40 miles (65 km) northwest of Annapurna and is located in Myagdi District of Nepal.

Myagdi Khola
Myagdi Khola is a river in Nepal which has its source at Mt. Dhaulagiri. It then passes through Myagdi District to meet the Kaligandaki River. The term "myagdi" may be originated from the two terms Meng and dee. Meng means thapa magar and Dee means water in magar language. It is the everflow river. The term "khola" means, in local (Nepali) language river.
Osama Hamdan
Osama Hamdan (Arabic: أسامة حمدان; born 1965) is a Palestinian diplomat and former senior representative of Hamas in Lebanon and Tehran. He previously held the position of Head of International Relations Department for Hamas and Chair of the Political Committee of the Palestinian Legislative Council.

MEMRI
The Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI), officially the Middle East Media and Research Institute, is an American non-profit press monitoring organization. MEMRI tracks and translates Arabic and Muslim media, including extremist comments by Arab and Iranian leaders and communications from terrorist groups.

MEMRI was co-founded by Israeli ex-intelligence officer Yigal Carmon and Israeli-American political scientist Meyrav Wurmser in 1998. MEMRI describes itself as being independent and non-partisan. Some critics have described MEMRI as aiming to portray the Arab world and the Islamic world in a negative light by producing and disseminating incomplete or inaccurate translations of the original versions of the media reports that it republishes.
Yuri Budanov
Yuri Dmitrievich Budanov (Russian: Ю́рий Дми́триевич Буда́нов, IPA: [ˈjʉrʲɪj ˈdmʲitrʲɪjɪvʲɪdʑ bʊˈdanəf]; 24 November 1963 – 10 June 2011) was a Russian military officer convicted for the kidnapping and murder of Elza Kungayeva in Chechnya.

Budanov was highly controversial in Russia: despite the conviction, Budanov enjoyed widespread support of Russian households as polled by public opinion. At the same time, he was broadly hated in Chechnya, even by the pro-Russian Chechens. In December 2008, a court in the south Russian Ulyanovsk Oblast granted a petition for early release. After eight years in prison (of the ten years he was sentenced), he was released on parole on 15 January 2009.

On 10 June 2011, Budanov was shot dead in Moscow.

Public opinion
Public opinion, or popular opinion, is the collective opinion on a specific topic or voting intention relevant to society. It is the people's views on matters affecting them.

In the 21st century, public opinion is heavily influenced by the media; many studies have been undertaken which look at the different factors which influence public opinion. Politicians and other people concerned with public opinion often attempt to influence it using advertising or rhetoric. Opinion plays a vital role in uncovering some critical decisions. Sentiment analysis or opinion mining is a method used to mine the thoughts or feelings of the general population. One of the struggles of public opinion is how it can be influenced by misinformation.
Sangkong language
Sangkong (Chinese: 桑孔; autonym: saŋ55 qʰoŋ55) is a Loloish language spoken in China by the Hani people in Xiaojie Township 小街乡, Jinghong County. They are called Buxia (布夏) by the local Dai people (Li 2003).

Li (2003) covers the Sangkong dialect of Manwanwa village 曼宛洼寨, Menglong Town 勐龙镇, Jinghong County. It may be the same as the Muda language. You Weiqiong (2013:172) reports that Buxia 布夏 (Sangkong 桑孔) is spoken in 7 villages of Menglong 勐龙.

Sangkong verb phrases take one of two person markers: ŋa for 1st person, and ʑe for non-1st person.

Loloish languages
The Loloish languages, also known as Yi (like the Yi people) and occasionally Ngwi or Nisoic, are a sub-branch of 50–100 Tibeto-Burman languages spoken primarily in the Yunnan province of Southwestern China. They are most closely related to Burmese and its relatives. Both the Loloish and Burmish branches are well defined, as is their superior node, Lolo-Burmese. However, sub-classification is more contentious.

The 2013 edition of Ethnologue  estimated a total number of 9 million native speakers of Loloish ("Ngwi") languages, the largest group being the speakers of Nuosu (Northern Yi) at 2 million speakers.
Exopeptidase inhibitor
An exopeptidase inhibitor is a drug that inhibits one or more exopeptidase enzymes. Exopeptidases are one of two types of proteases (enzymes that break down proteins and peptides), the other being endopeptidases. Exopeptidases cleave peptide bonds of terminal amino acids, resulting in the release of a single amino acid or dipeptide from the peptide chain, whereas endopeptidases break non-terminal bonds (that is, they cut proteins/peptides into two chains).

Some examples of exopeptidase inhibitors include amastatin, bestatin (ubenimex), puromycin, 1,10-phenanthroline, D-phenylalanine, ACE inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors, and exogenous MMP inhibitors like batimastat and marimastat. Various enkephalinase inhibitors, such as ketalorphan, spinorphin, and tynorphin, are mainly exopeptidase inhibitors.

D-Phenylalanine
D-Phenylalanine (DPA, D-Phe), sold under the brand names Deprenon, Sabiben, and Sabiden, is an enantiomer of phenylalanine which is described as an antidepressant and is marketed as a prescription drug for medical use in Argentina. The medication has been marketed since at least the 1970s and continued to be available by the 2000s.

D-Phenylalanine has been found to act as an enkephalinase inhibitor, an inhibitor of enkephalinase enzymes that break down endogenous opioid peptides called enkephalins. It has been found to produce anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-craving effects in animal studies.
Abbottabad Hockey Stadium
The Abbottabad Hockey Stadium is a field hockey stadium in Abbottabad in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Located at Circular Road, it was built in 1988. No international matches have taken place there yet, but the stadium has hosted various national, divisional and local tournaments, as well as national team camps.

It has an AstroTurf surface. Currently, proposals are being made for upgrading the stadium, by adding a pavilion, dressing rooms and stands for spectators.

AstroTurf
AstroTurf is an American subsidiary of SportGroup that produces artificial turf for playing surfaces in sports. The original AstroTurf product was a short-pile synthetic turf invented in 1965 by Monsanto. Since the early 2000s, AstroTurf has marketed taller pile systems that use infill materials to better replicate natural turf. In 2016, AstroTurf became a subsidiary of German-based SportGroup, a family of sports surfacing companies, which itself is owned by the investment firm Equistone Partners Europe.
Michalis Kousis
Michalis Koussis (Greek: Μιχάλης Κούσης; 10 October 1953 – 24 May 2005) was a Greek Olympian Marathon and long-distance runner.

Koussis was born in 1953 in Agrinio in Aetolia-Acarnania, western Greece. He was an athlete of the Agrinio Gymnast Company (GEA) and a member of the Greece national team from 1971 to 1987. He participated in the Olympic Games in 1976 and in 1984 and achieved many Panhellenic and Balkan records in marathon running. He finished fourth in the 1980 Boston Marathon. His greatest moment was the gold medal which he won in 1979, during the Mediterranean Games, in Split (present-day Croatia), where he finished 1st in a time then considered a world record. Subsequently it was announced that the course was remeasured and found shorter than the official marathon distance. In the same year, he was named the Greek Male Athlete of the Year. He ran for the 1982 European Championships Marathon.

Aetolia-Acarnania
Aetolia-Acarnania (Greek: Αιτωλοακαρνανία, Aitoloakarnanía, Greek pronunciation: [etolo.akarnaˈni.a]) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the geographic region of Central Greece and the administrative region of West Greece. A combination of the historical regions of Aetolia and Acarnania, it is the country's largest regional unit. Its capital is Missolonghi for historical reasons, with its biggest city and economic centre at Agrinio. The area is now connected with the Peloponnese peninsula via the Rio-Antirio Bridge. The surrounding regional units take in Arta in Epirus, a narrow length bordering Karditsa of Thessaly, Evrytania to the northeast, and Phocis to the east.
2018 Copa Sevilla – Doubles
Pedro Cachin and Íñigo Cervantes were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Gerard Granollers and Pedro Martínez won the title after defeating Daniel Gimeno Traver and Ricardo Ojeda Lara 6–0, 6–2 in the final.

Íñigo Cervantes
Íñigo Cervantes Huegun García (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈiɲiɣo θeɾˈβantes]; born 30 November 1989) is a Spanish professional tennis player who currently specializes in doubles. He has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 95 achieved on 23 June 2025. He also has a career-high singles ranking of No. 56 achieved on 21 March 2016.
North Carolina State University Insect Museum
The North Carolina State University Insect Museum is the center for research and training in insect systematics and biodiversity informatics at North Carolina State University. The Museum's collections hold more than 1.5 million specimens, with major emphases on the insects of North Carolina and on the Auchenorrhyncha and Aphididae (Hemiptera) of the world. A smaller but historically important part of the collection (especially for bees of the eastern USA) is dedicated to Hymenoptera.

Aphididae
The Aphididae are a very large insect family in the aphid superfamily (Aphidoidea), of the order Hemiptera. These insects suck the sap from plant leaves. Several thousand species are placed in this family, many of which are considered plant/crop pests. They are the family of insects containing most plant virus vectors (around 200 known) with the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) being one of the most prevalent and indiscriminate carriers.
I Can't Break Down
"I Can't Break Down" is a song written by Sinéad Quinn, Pete Glenister, and Deni Lew for Quinn's debut album, Ready to Run (2003). Produced by Glenister and Lew, it was released as her debut single from the album in February 2003 and reached a peak of number two on the UK Singles Chart. It finished at number 65 on the UK year-end chart for 2003.

Pete Glenister
Pete Glenister is an English guitarist, songwriter and record producer, known for his collaborations with Alison Moyet and Kirsty MacColl. He has also worked with a number of other artists including Anni-Frid Lyngstad, Bruce Foxton, Terence Trent D'Arby, Bros, E. G. Daily, Mary Coughlan, Geoffrey Williams, Five Thirty, Bryan Ferry and Raphael Gualazzi.
Harry Elmer Barnes
Harry Elmer Barnes (June 15, 1889 – August 25, 1968) was an American historian who, in his later years, was known for his historical revisionism and Holocaust denial.

After receiving a PhD at Columbia University in 1918 Barnes became a professor of history at Clark University before moving to Smith College as a professor of historical sociology in 1923. In 1929 he left teaching to work as a journalist, freelance writer and occasional adjunct professor at smaller schools. In 1919–20 and between 1923 and 1937 he lectured regularly at the New School for Social Research. Through his prodigious scholarly output, Barnes was once highly regarded as a historian. By the 1950s, however, he had lost credibility and became a "professional pariah".

Barnes published more than 30 books, 100 essays, and 600 articles and book reviews, many for the Council on Foreign Relations journal Foreign Affairs, where he served as Bibliographical Editor.

American Heritage Center
The American Heritage Center is the University of Wyoming's repository of manuscripts, rare books, and the university archives. Its collections focus on Wyoming and the Rocky Mountain West (including politics, settlement, Native Americans, and Western trails) and a select handful of national topics: environment and conservation, the mining and petroleum industries, air and rail transportation, popular entertainment (particularly radio, television, film, and popular music), journalism, US military history, and book history.
Marquess Wen of Han
Marquess Wen of Han (Chinese: 韓文侯; pinyin: Hán Wén Hóu; died 377 BC), personal name unknown, was marquess of the Han state between 386 BC and until his death in 377 BC. He was the son of Marquess Lie. Marquess Wen oversaw a rise in the state's prosperity and launched several military campaigns. In 385 BC, Marquess Wen attacked the Zheng state and took Yangcheng. In the same year, Han attacked the Song state, reaching Pengcheng, and took Duke Dao of Song (宋悼公) prisoner. In 380 BC, an alliance of Han, Zhao, and Wei attacked the Qi state, reaching Sangqiu. Two years later in 378 BC, the alliance attacked Qi again, reaching Lingqiu. Marquess Wen died in 377 BC and was succeeded by his son, Marquess Ai.

Song (state)
Song was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty with its capital at Shangqiu. The state was founded soon after King Wu of Zhou conquered the Shang dynasty to establish the Zhou dynasty in 1046 BC. It was conquered by the state of Qi in 286 BC, during the Warring States period. Confucius is traditionally considered to have been a descendant of a Song nobleman who moved to the state of Lu.
Jeanne Niquille
Jeanne Niquille (1 July 1894 – 9 September 1970) was a Swiss historian, archivist, and journalist. She worked as an archivist at the Fribourg State Archives from 1918 to 1957 and published extensively on the history of the Canton of Fribourg, though she was never granted the official title of State Archivist despite her significant contributions to the field.

Fribourg State Archives (Switzerland)
The Fribourg State Archives (French Archives de l'État de Fribourg or AEF) is the cantonal archives of the Canton of Fribourg, in Switzerland. It oversees the composition of historical archives concerning the cantonal administration and authorities, ensuring their conservation and facilitating their consultation.

The archives conserved by the AEF are registered as a cultural property of national significance in Switzerland.
Schlern Formation
The Schlern Formation, also known as Schlern Dolomite, and Sciliar Formation or Sciliar Dolomite in Italy, is a limestone, marl and dolomite formation in the Southern Limestone Alps in Kärnten, Austria and South Tyrol, Italy.

Marl
Marl is an earthy material rich in carbonate minerals, clays, and silt. When hardened into rock, this becomes marlstone. It is formed in marine or freshwater environments, often through the activities of algae.

Marl makes up the lower part of the cliffs of Dover, and the Channel Tunnel follows these marl layers between France and the United Kingdom. Marl is also a common sediment in post-glacial lakes, such as the marl ponds of the northeastern United States and marl lakes of the Canadian Rockies.

Marl has been used as a soil conditioner and neutralizing agent for acid soil and in the manufacture of cement.
Alberto
Alberto is the Romance version of the Latinized form (Albertus) of Germanic Albert. It is used in Italian, Portuguese and Spanish. The diminutive forms are Albertito in Spain or Albertico in some parts of Latin America, Albertino in Italian as well as Tuco as a hypocorism. It derives from the name Adalberto which in turn derives from Athala (meaning noble) and Berth (meaning bright).

Alberto Del Guerra
Alberto Del Guerra from the University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2012 for contributions to radiation detectors and systems for medical physics and molecular imaging.
Siraya National Scenic Area
Siraya National Scenic Area (Chinese: 西拉雅國家風景區; pinyin: Xīlāyǎ Guójiā Fēngjǐng Qū) is the newest of Taiwan's national scenic areas. It was designated by the central government of the Republic of China on 26 November 2005.

The scenic area is named after the Siraya people, an indigenous ethnic group that populated this region until well into the 18th century, and whose descendants have intermarried with Han Chinese.

The scenic area covers 13 districts/townships: 12 in Tainan City and one, Dapu, in Chiayi County.

Among the area's attractions are Zengwun Dam, Wusanto Reservoir, and the coffee plantations of Dongshan.

Zengwen Dam
Zengwen Dam, also spelled Tsengwen Dam, (Chinese: 曾文壩; Hanyu Pinyin: Zéngwén Bà; Tongyong Pinyin: Zéngwún Shuěibà; Wade–Giles: Tseng2-wen2 Shui3-b'a4) is a major earthen dam in Dapu Township, Chiayi County, Taiwan on the Zengwen River. It is the third tallest dam in Taiwan, and forms Zengwen Reservoir (曾文水庫), the biggest reservoir in Taiwan by volume. The dam stores water for irrigation of the Chianan Plain, Taiwan's most productive agricultural region, and provides flood control along the Zengwen River which flows through Tainan City. The dam supports a 50 megawatt hydroelectric power station.
Mining in North Korea
Mining in North Korea is important to the country's economy. North Korea is naturally abundant in metals such as magnesite, zinc, tungsten, and iron; with magnesite resources of 6 billion tonnes (second largest in the world), particularly in the North and South Hamgyong Provinces, as well as the Chagang Province. However, often these cannot be mined due to the acute shortage of electricity in the country, as well as the lack of proper tools to mine these materials and an antiquated industrial base. Coal, iron ore, limestone, and magnesite deposits are larger than other mineral commodities. Mining joint ventures have occurred with other countries including China and South Korea.

Taehung mine
The Taehung Youth Hero Mine (대흥청년영웅광산) is one of the largest magnesium mines in North Korea and in the world. The mine is located in the center of the country in South Hamgyong Province. The mine has about 2 billion tonnes of Magnesite. However, facilities have become antiquated and an unstable electricity supply limits the full exploitation of the resources.
Grace Episcopal Church Complex (Queens)
Grace Episcopal Church Complex is a historic Episcopal church complex at 155-15 Jamaica Avenue in Jamaica, Queens, New York City, in U.S. state of New York.  The complex includes the church, parish house, and cemetery. The church was built between 1861 and 1862.  It is constructed of rough-cut sandstone and features a steeply pitched roof and tall, sharp spire in the Gothic Revival style.  A chancel, designed by Cady, Berg & See, was added at the rear of the church in 1901–1902.  The parish house, known as Grace Memorial House, was built in 1912.  It is three-story brick building in the Tudor Revival style.  The surrounding cemetery includes burials dating to 1734, when the church located at this site.  Notable interments include Rufus King (1755–1827), Charles King (1789–1867) and William Duer (1743–1799).

Spire
A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spires are typically made of stonework or brickwork, or else of timber structures with metal cladding, ceramic tiling, roof shingles, or slates on the exterior.

Since towers supporting spires are usually square, square-plan spires emerge directly from the tower's walls, but octagonal spires are either built above a pyramidal transition section called a broach at the spire's base, or else free spaces around the tower's summit for decorative elements like pinnacles. The former solution is known as a broach spire. Small or short spires are known as spikes, spirelets, or flèches.
Olugbenga Ajilore
Olugbenga "Gbenga" Ajilore (/ˈbɛŋɡə ˌædʒɪˈlɔːri/ BENG-gə AJ-il-OR-ee) is an American economist who is the Chief Economist at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. Previously, he served as a senior advisor in the Office of the Under Secretary for Rural Development at the United States Department of Agriculture. He has also been employed as a senior economist at the Center for American Progress and as an associate professor of economics at the University of Toledo. He is a past president of the National Economic Association and is a frequent media commentator on the labor market, particularly for Black Americans.

Under Secretary of Agriculture for Rural Development
The under secretary for rural development (USDA(RD)) is a high-ranking official in the United States Department of Agriculture and principal advisor to the secretary of agriculture responsible for oversight of the department's rural development programs and policies.

The under secretary is appointed by the president of the United States with the consent of the United States Senate to serve at the pleasure of the president. The most recent under secretary was Basil Gooden, who was nominated in September 2023, assumed office on March 4, 2024, and served until January 20, 2025.