hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Winfield Scott Gerrish
Winfield Scott Gerrish (born 15 February 1849 in Lee, Maine—died 19 May 1882 in Evart, Michigan) is credited with revolutionizing lumbering in the U.S. state of Michigan by building a seven-mile-long logging railroad from Lake George to the Muskegon River in Clare County, Michigan in 1877. Although not the first logging railroad in the state, Gerrish's railroad was very successful. Gerrish adopted the idea of using a steam locomotive on steel rails after seeing a Porter 0-4-0 rod engine at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition. However, twenty years earlier in May 1857, the Blendon Lumber Company successfully and profitably employed a standard gauge steam locomotive on its approximately seven-mile-long logging railroad that extended from the center of Blendon Township in Ottawa County, Michigan to the bank of the Grand River. The use of rail allowed year round transportation of any size tree to the sawmills where unpredictable rivers were previously used.

Centennial Exposition
The Centennial International Exhibition, officially the International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from May 10 to November 10, 1876. It was the first official world's fair to be held in the United States and coincided with the centennial anniversary of the Declaration of Independence's adoption in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776.

It was held in Fairmount Park along the Schuylkill River on fairgrounds designed by Herman J. Schwarzmann. Nearly 10 million visitors attended the exposition, and 37 countries participated in it.
Mal Artha Gading
Mal Artha Gading is a shopping mall located in Kelapa Gading, North Jakarta, Indonesia. It has an area of 270,000 m2 (2,900,000 sq ft). The architecture was adopted from silk road and consists of types from seven wonders of the world. Some major tenants in here are Azko, Cinema XXI, Informa, Diamond supermarket, etc.

21 Cineplex
PT Nusantara Sejahtera Raya Tbk doing business as Cinema 21 or 21 Cineplex is the largest cinema chain in Indonesia, serving 65 cities in the country. It was founded on 21 August 1987 as Studio Twenty One.

Since its founding, 21 Cineplex has conducted some improvements and innovations, such as forming a cinema network with three separate brands to target different markets, namely Cinema 21, Cinema XXI and The Premiere. Some cinemas offer Dolby Atmos and IMAX. As of December 2024, it has 1,349 screens across 257 locations throughout Indonesia.

The company has been listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange since 2 August 2023.
Outline of Åland
The following is an outline of and topical guide to the Åland Islands:

Åland – an autonomous, demilitarized, Swedish-speaking region and historical province of Finland, located in the Baltic Sea at the entrance to the Gulf of Bothnia. Governance is primarily handled by the Government of Åland, separate from Finland’s central administration.

Regions of Finland
Finland is divided into 19 regions (Finnish: maakunta; Swedish: landskap)
which are governed by regional councils that serve as forums of cooperation for the municipalities of each region. The councils are composed of delegates from the municipal councils. The main tasks of regional councils are regional planning, the development of enterprises, and education. Between 2004 and 2012, the regional council of Kainuu was elected via popular elections as part of an experimental regional administration.

In 2022, new Wellbeing services counties were established as part of a health care and social services reform. The wellbeing services counties follow the regional borders, and are governed by directly elected county councils.
Łojasiewicz inequality
In real algebraic geometry, the  Łojasiewicz inequality, named after Stanisław Łojasiewicz, gives an upper bound for the distance of a point to the nearest zero of a given real analytic function.  Specifically, let ƒ : U → R be a real analytic function on an open set U in Rn, and let Z be the zero locus of ƒ. Assume that Z is not empty.  Then for any compact set K in U, there exist positive constants α and C such that, for all  x in K

Here,  can be small.

The following form of this inequality is often seen in more analytic contexts:  with the same assumptions on f, for every p ∈ U there is a possibly smaller open neighborhood W of p and constants θ ∈ (0,1) and c > 0 such that

Analytic function
In mathematics, an analytic function is a function that is locally given by a convergent power series. There exist both real analytic functions and complex analytic functions. Functions of each type are infinitely differentiable, but complex analytic functions exhibit properties that do not generally hold for real analytic functions.

A function is analytic if and only if for every  in its domain, its Taylor series about  converges to the function in some neighborhood of ⁠⁠. This is stronger than merely being infinitely differentiable at ⁠⁠, and therefore having a well-defined Taylor series; the Fabius function is an example of a function that is infinitely differentiable but not analytic.
Landrock
Landrock is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ernst Heinrich Landrock (1878–1966), German photographer

Heinrich Landrock (1890–1948), German rower

Maria Landrock (1923–1992), German actress

Peter Landrock (born 1948), Danish cryptographer and mathematician

Germany at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Germany competed at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden. 185 competitors, 180 men and 5 women, took part in 69 events in 14 sports. Due to the political fallout from World War I, this was the country's last appearance until 1928.
Kuwait College of Science and Technology
Kuwait College of Science and Technology (KCST) is a private university in Kuwait. KCST is located in Doha District, west of Kuwait City. KCST started its degree programs in 2016. Its operations are regulated by the Private Universities Council (PUC) of Kuwait.

The university campus is in Doha District, Al Asimah Governorate, near the border with Al Jahra Governorate, and the former Camp Doha. It is owned by The Company of Science and Technology for Higher Education (COSTHE). Laboratory facilities include physics labs, electronics and instrumentation labs, and computing labs.

Aerial view

Main entrance

Auditorium

Evening

Kim Binsted from the University of Hawaii delivering an invited talk on HI-SEAS Project (funded by NASA) at KCST in October 2017

Capital Governorate (Kuwait)
The Asimah Governorate or Capital Governorate, sometimes referred to as Al Kuwayt, is one of the six governorates of Kuwait. It comprises the historic core of Kuwait City, industrial and port areas such as Shuwaikh Port and Doha Port, and several offshore islands.

The governorate houses most of Kuwait's financial and business centres such as the Kuwait Stock Exchange.
Wade Marcus
Wade Marcus was a music producer and arranger associated with the Motown sound during the 1970s. He composed the music to the film The Final Comedown with Grant Green. He also produced albums by The Blackbyrds, Gary Bartz, A Taste of Honey, The Sylvers, Eddie Kendricks, The Dramatics, Peaches & Herb, Donald Byrd, G. C. Cameron, Stevie Wonder and The Emotions.

G. C. Cameron
George Curtis Cameron is an American soul and R&B singer perhaps best known as the lead singer of The Spinners on their 1970 hit "It's a Shame" and for his 1975 hit "It's So Hard to Say Goodbye to Yesterday". He is credited with having "six different voices."
Battle of Komali
The Battle of Komali was a  conflict between the faction of Salakamraju Tirumala and the forces of Aliya Rama Raya, led by Pemmasani Erra Timmanayudu. When Tirumala arrived at Gandikota with a large force, he demanded that Erra Timmanayudu surrender Aliya Rama Raya. Refusing to surrender, Timmanayudu, with the support of neighboring palegars, marched out to confront Tirumala. The two sides clashed near Komali, a village west of Tadipatri where Timmanayudu’s forces  defeated Tirumala.

Gandikota
Gandikota is a village and historical fort on the right bank of the Penna river, 15 km from Jammalamadugu in Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh, India. The fort was the centre of power for various dynasties, such as the Kalyani Chalukyas, Pemmasani Nayakas, and the Golconda Sultanate. Initially, a sand fort was constructed by Kaka Raja, a vassal of the Kalyani Chalukya rulers. The village transformed into a major fortified settlement with the rise of the Pemmasani Nayakas. Later, various additions reflecting Islamic architectural styles were made during the period of Muslim rule. The fort is a centrally protected monument of Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).
1985 Player's Canadian Open – Women's doubles
Kathy Jordan and Elizabeth Smylie were the defending champions, but none competed this year. Smylie opted to focus on the singles tournament.

Gigi Fernández and Martina Navratilova won the title by defeating Marcella Mesker and Pascale Paradis 6–4, 6–0 in the final.

Kathy Jordan
Kathryn  Jordan (born December 3, 1959) is a former American tennis player. During her career, she won seven Grand Slam titles, five of them in women's doubles and two in mixed doubles. She also was the 1983 Australian Open women's singles runner-up and won three singles titles and 42 doubles titles.
Brand New Parade
"Brand New Parade" (ブランニューパレード) is the major label debut single by the Japanese girl group Gang Parade, released on April 17, 2019, by Fueled by Mentaiko. The single peaked at number 2 on the Oricon Singles Chart and number 6 on the Japan Hot 100. On September 11, 2019, the single was awarded the Gold disc certification by RIAJ.

Recording Industry Association of Japan
The Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) (日本レコード協会, Nihon Rekōdo Kyōkai) is an industry trade group composed of Japanese corporations involved in the music industry. It was founded in 1942 as the Japan Phonogram Record Cultural Association, and adopted its current name in 1969.

The RIAJ's activities include promotion of music sales, enforcement of copyright law, and research related to the Japanese music industry. It publishes the annual RIAJ Year Book, a statistical summary of each year's music sales, as well as distributing a variety of other data.

Headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, the RIAJ has twenty member companies and a smaller number of associate and supporting members; some member companies are the Japanese branches of multinational corporations headquartered elsewhere.

The association is responsible for certifying gold and platinum albums and singles in Japan.
Norman Stoller
Sir Norman Kelvin Stoller (born 6 September 1934) CBE KStJ DL is a British businessman and philanthropist.

After three previous honours of the MBE in 1976, the OBE in 1999 and CBE in 2010 he was knighted in the 2016 New Years Honours List for his philanthropic services. Stoller founded the Norman Stoller Charitable Trust in the 1980s, and donated over fifty million pounds to various causes.

He served as High Sheriff of Greater Manchester from 1999 to 2000.  He was appointed as a deputy lieutenant of Greater Manchester in 1995. He served in this role until 2009 when he reached the Mandatory retirement age of 75 after which he was moved to the retired list. He was awarded the Freedom of the Borough of Oldham on 16 April 2008. He was made a Knight of Justice of the Order of St John of Jerusalem (KStJ) in 2014. Sir Norman resides in Windermere.

Mandatory retirement
Mandatory retirement, also known as forced retirement, enforced retirement or compulsory retirement, is the set age at which people who hold certain jobs or offices are required by industry custom or by law to leave their employment, or retire.

As of 2017, as reported by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), only three European member states (UK, Denmark and Poland) and four OECD countries (Canada, Australia, New Zealand, United States) had laws banning mandatory retirement.
Te Dejo Madrid
"Te Dejo Madrid" (English: "I Leave You Madrid") is a song recorded by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira for her fifth studio album, Laundry Service (2001). It was written by the singer about the city of Madrid, the capital of Spain. The music video for it featured the singer as a bullfighter. Although it was released as the second single from the album in several European countries in 2002, it was not released in the United States. "Te Dejo Madrid" was a commercial success in Spain, peaking at number seven, but did not repeat the success of Shakira's previous singles in Latin America, peaking at number 45 on Billboard's Hot Latin Songs. The song saw additional production by Lester Mendez.

Hot Latin Songs
The Billboard Hot Latin Songs (formerly Hot Latin Tracks and Hot Latin 50) is a record chart in the United States for Latin songs, published weekly by Billboard magazine. Since October 2012, chart rankings are based on digital sales, radio airplay, and online streaming, and only predominantly Spanish-language songs are allowed to rank. The chart was established by the magazine on September 6, 1986, and was originally based on airplay on Latin music radio stations. Although the chart predominantly allows Spanish-language songs, songs in English and Portuguese have charted.

The first number one song of the Hot Latin Songs chart was "La Guirnalda" by Rocío Dúrcal on September 6, 1986. As of the issue dated February 28, 2026, the chart has had 468 different number one hits, while 192 artists have reached number one (as a lead or a featured act). The current number-one song on the chart is "DTMF" by Bad Bunny.
1997 Ottawa municipal election
The 1997 Ottawa municipal election was held on November 10, 1997, in Ottawa, Canada. Capital Ward councillor Jim Watson was easily elected mayor over two lesser known candidates. Mayor Jacquelin Holzman did not run for re-election. This would be the last election for the old city of Ottawa. Ottawans also elected members of Regional Council and Regional Chair of the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton. For those results see 1997 Ottawa-Carleton Regional Municipality elections.

Regional Municipality of Ottawa–Carleton
The Regional Municipality of Ottawa–Carleton (RMOC) was a regional municipality and census division in Ontario, Canada, that existed between January 1, 1969, and January 1, 2001. Primarily centred on the City of Ottawa, it was created in 1969 by restructuring Carleton County and annexing Cumberland Township from the United Counties of Prescott and Russell into the newly created Region of Ottawa–Carleton.

It was the second regional municipality to be created in Ontario after the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto. It served as an upper-tier level of municipal government, aggregating municipal services on a region-wide basis like the counties and regional municipalities of southern Ontario, and was the only upper-tier municipal government ever created in eastern Ontario. The regional municipality was dissolved upon the creation of the amalgamated City of Ottawa on January 1, 2001.
Fratelli Piacenza
Fratelli Piacenza S.p.A. is a fabric mill established in Pollone, Italy, in 1733. Founded by Pietro Francesco Piacenza, the company has since been owned and run by his descendants. It is a member of the Henokiens (French: Les Hénokiens), an association of companies that have been continuously operating and family-owned for 200 years.

The company makes men's and women's clothing and accessories collections in the luxury goods sector under the brand name PIACENZA 1733, formerly Piacenza Cashmere. It is known for its fine fabrics that use extra-fine wools and noble fibres.

In 2022, Gruppo Piacenza S.p.a. bought Lanificio Cerruti.

Luxury goods
In economics, a luxury good (or upmarket good) is a product or item or service  for which demand increases more than what is proportional as income rises, so that expenditures on the good become a more significant proportion of overall spending. Luxury goods are in contrast to necessity goods, where demand increases proportionally less than income. Whereas people consume necessity goods to meet basic survival needs, luxury goods are consumed both for their "intrinsic quality and to signal their wealth and confirm social status." In economics, luxury goods is often used synonymously with superior goods.
Bob Valentine (baseball)
Robert Valentine was a Major League Baseball catcher who played for one season. He played for the New York Mutuals for one game on May 20 during the 1876 New York Mutuals season, making him the very first major league player whose career lasted a single game.

New York Mutuals
The Mutual Base Ball Club of New York was an American baseball club established in 1857, the year of the first baseball convention. The Mutuals just missed out on being a founding member of the National Association of Base Ball Players that year, but later became a charter member of both the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players, or "NA", the first professional league, in 1871, and then the National League in 1876.
Obiero
Obiero is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

John Obiero Nyagarama (1946–2020), Kenyan politician

Mercy Obiero (born 1978), Kenyan weightlifter

Micah Obiero (born 2001), English footballer

John Obiero Nyagarama
Nyagarama (1946 – 18 December 2020), formally known as John Obiero Nyagarama, was a Kenyan politician. He was the first Governor of Nyamira County, deputised by Amos Nyaribo. He was a member of the Orange Democratic Movement and was elected in March 2013, subsequently retaining his seat for a second term beginning August 2017.
Throw It Down
"Throw It Down" is a song by American rapper and model Dominique Young Unique. The song was released in the United Kingdom on 21 March 2014 as a digital download. The song has charted in Belgium. The song was written by Dominique Clark and produced by DJ Fresh, Benga and The Invisible Men.

The Invisible Men
The Invisible Men is a song writing and music production trio consisting of Jason Pebworth, George Astasio and (former member) Jon Shave. Songs written by The Invisible Men have so far achieved over 7 billion Spotify streams, 30 million record sales worldwide and the duo has frequently ranked among Music Week's Top Songwriters. The duo's song writing and production catalogue includes Becky Hill & Sigala's Heaven On My Mind, Sigala's Say You Do, Just Got Paid, DJ Fresh's "Hot Right Now" (featuring Rita Ora), "Dibby Dibby Sound" (featuring Ms Dynamite), Conor Maynard's  "Can't Say No" and "Vegas Girl", Jessie J's hits "Do It Like A Dude", "LaserLight" (feat. David Guetta), "Who's Laughing Now?" and the Noisettes' "Don't Upset The Rhythm" and "Never Forget You".
Suniyah
Suniyah is a village in Batala in Gurdaspur district of Punjab State, India. It is located 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from sub district headquarter, 39 kilometres (24 mi) from district headquarter and 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from Sri Hargobindpur. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

Sri Hargobindpur
Sri Hargobindpur is a town and a municipal council in Gurdaspur district in the Indian state of Punjab. Situated on the banks of the Beas River
Sixth Guru of Sikhs Shri Guru Hargobind Sahib ji established this city on the land bought by his father and fifth guru, Shri Guru Arjan Dev Sahib ji, the city is also the erstwhile capital of the Ramgarhia Misl.

The Gurudwara Dhamdama Sahib stands at the site of the battle of Hargobindpur fought between Sikh forces led by Guru Hargobind and Mughal forces in 1630.
Zhang Han (Ming dynasty)
Zhang Han (張瀚, 1511–1593), courtesy name Ziwen (子文), art name Yuanzhou (元洲), was a leading scholar-official during the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) of China. Although eventually posted to serve in the capital at Beijing, Zhang was a native of the thriving commercial city of Hangzhou and a descendant of a wealthy family that ran a textile business. He was also a literary author, a painter, a follower of Chinese Buddhism, and an essayist while in retirement from office during his later years. According to the historian Timothy Brook, he was a "close observer of the changes of his age", in reference to China's intensified commercialism and consumption of commodities in the late Ming era and its effects upon Chinese culture.

Scholar-official
The scholar-officials, also known as literati, scholar-gentlemen or scholar-bureaucrats (Chinese: 士大夫; pinyin: shì dàfū), were government officials and prestigious scholars in Chinese society, forming a distinct social class.

Scholar-officials were politicians and government officials appointed by the emperor of China to perform day-to-day political duties from the Han dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty in 1912, China's last imperial dynasty. After the Sui dynasty these officials mostly came from the scholar-gentry (紳士 shēnshì) who had earned academic degrees (such as xiucai, juren, or jinshi) by passing the imperial examinations. Scholar-officials were the elite class of imperial China. They were highly educated, especially in literature and the arts, including calligraphy and Confucian texts. They dominated the government administration and local life of China until the early 20th century.
Tsentralne, Mykolaiv Raion, Mykolaiv Oblast
Tsentralne (Ukrainian: Центральне; Russian: Центральное) is a village in Mykolaiv Raion (district) of Mykolaiv Oblast (province) of southern Ukraine. In 2001, its population was 1,247 inhabitants. It belongs to Shevchenkove rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. At present, elevation is 44 m (144 ft).

Until 18 July 2020, Tsentralne was located in Snihurivka Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Mykolaiv Oblast to four. The area of Snihurivka Raion was merged into Bashtanka Raion, however, Tsentralne was transferred to Mykolaiv Raion.

Snihurivka Raion
Snihurivka Raion (Ukrainian: Снігурівський район) was a subdivision of Mykolaiv Oblast of Ukraine. Its administrative center was the town of Snihurivka. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Mykolaiv Oblast to four. The area of Snihurivka Raion was merged into Bashtanka Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 38,849 (2020 est.)

At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of three hromadas,

Horokhivske rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Horokhivske;

Shyroke rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Shyroke;

Snihurivka urban hromada with the administration in Snihurivka.
Huang Nianlai
Huang Nianlai (Chinese: 黄年来; November 1939 – 18 September 2022) was a Chinese mycologist and politician. A member of the Chinese Communist Party, he served in the National People's Congress from 1983 to 1993.

Huang died in Sanming on 18 September 2022, at the age of 82.

Sanming
Sanming (Chinese: 三明; pinyin: Sānmíng, Foochow Romanized: Săng-mìng),  also known as Minzhong (simplified Chinese: 闽中; traditional Chinese: 閩中), is a prefecture-level city in western Fujian province, China. It borders Nanping City to the north, Fuzhou City to the east, Quanzhou City to the southeast, Longyan City to the south and the province of Jiangxi to the west. Sanming lies between Wuyi and Daiyun mountains.