hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Andative and venitive
In linguistics, andative and venitive (abbreviated AND and VEN) are a type of verbal deixis: verb forms which indicate 'going' or 'coming' motion, respectively, in reference to a particular location or person. Other terms sometimes seen are itive and ventive, or translocative and cislocative. They generally derive historically from the verbs go and come being reduced to auxiliary verbs or verbal affixes, and may in turn be grammaticalized to aspectual morphemes. Many languages of Siberia (such as Itelmen, Forest Nenets, Chukchi, Alyutor), California, West Africa (such as Akan), the Caucasus-Mideast-North Africa (Akkadian, Sumerian), and Oceania have such verb forms.

A language with andative and venitive forms may also use them with a verb to carry, for example, to create the meanings of "bring" (venitive) and "take (away)" (andative).

Deixis
In linguistics, deixis (/ˈdaɪksɪs, ˈdeɪksɪs/) is the use of words or phrases to refer to a particular time (e.g. then), place (e.g. here), or person (e.g. you) relative to the context of the utterance. Deixis exists in all known natural languages and is closely related to anaphora, with a sometimes unclear distinction between the two. In linguistic anthropology, deixis is seen as the same as, or a subclass of, indexicality.

The term's origin is Ancient Greek: δεῖξις, romanized: deixis, lit. 'display, demonstration, or reference'. To this, Chrysippus (c. 279 – c. 206 BCE) added the specialized meaning point of reference, which is the sense in which the term is used in contemporary linguistics.
Individual dressage at the 2005 European Dressage Championships
The individual dressage at the 2005 European Dressage Championships in Hagen, Germany was held at Hof Kasselmann from 29 to 31 July 2005.

The Netherlands's Anky van Grunsven won Grand Prix, the Grand Prix Special and the Grand. Prix Freestyle and was crowned as overall European Champion. Hubertus Schmidt representing Germany won a silver medal, becoming second in the Grand Prix, second in the Grand Prix Special and third in the Grand Prix Freestyle. Jan Brink of Sweden won a bronze medal overall. after becoming third in the Grand Prix, fifth in the Grand Prix Special and second in the Grand Prix Freestyle. Germany won the golden team medal,  The Netherlands won silver and Spain and Sweden won bronze with an ex-aequo result.

Hubertus Schmidt
Hubertus Schmidt (born 8 October 1959) is a German equestrian and Olympic champion. He won a gold medal in team dressage at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens with the team from Germany.

Hubertus was a mainstay of the German team with his famous mare Wansuela Suerte, and he has trained many other horses to Grand Prix. He is currently (2010) the coach for the Swedish team.  He teaches at Fleyenhof stable in Germany.
Kuznetsk Basin
The Kuznetsk Basin (Russian: Кузнецкий угольный бассейн, Кузбасс; often abbreviated as Kuzbass or Kuzbas) in southwestern Siberia, Russia, is one of the largest coal mining areas in Russia, covering an area of around 10,000 square miles (26,000 km2). It lies in the Kuznetsk Depression between Tomsk and Novokuznetsk in the basin of the Tom River. From the south it borders the Abakan Range, from the west Salair Ridge, and Kuznetsk Alatau from the east.

It possesses some of the most extensive coal deposits anywhere in the world; coal-bearing seams extend over an area of 10,309 square miles (26,700 km2) and reach to a depth of 5,905 feet (1,800 m). Overall coal deposits are estimated at 725 billion tonnes. The region's other industries, such as machine construction, chemicals and metallurgy, are based on coal mining.

Tomsk
Tomsk (Russian: Томск, IPA: [tomsk]) is a city and the administrative center of Tomsk Oblast in Russia, on the Tom River. Population: 544,566 (2025); 556,478 (2021 census); 524,669 (2010 census); 487,838 (2002 census); 501,963 (1989 Soviet census).

Founded in 1604, Tomsk is one of the oldest cities in Siberia. It has six universities, with over 100,000 students, including Tomsk State University, the oldest university in Siberia.
Blue bird (cocktail)
The Blue bird is a gin or vodka cocktail with blue curacao. The Savoy Cocktail Book gives the recipe as gin with Angostura bitters and curacao. Another recipe from the Café Royal Cocktail Book (1937) uses vodka instead of gin, adding maraschino liquor, and fresh lemon juice. The original gin-based cocktail was reimagined by Bill Tarling, who was known for various blue colored cocktails. The earlier recipe used angostura bitters which would have effected the final color of the cocktail, and may be the reason behind Tarling's changes to the original recipe.

The bluebird is shaken with ice and served in a chilled cocktail glass with an orange peel garnish.

Maraschino
Maraschino (/ˌmærəˈskiːnoʊ, -ˈʃiː-/ MARR-ə-SKEE-noh, -⁠SHEE-, Italian: [maraˈskiːno]) is a liqueur obtained from the distillation of Marasca cherries. The small, slightly sour fruit of the Marasca cherry tree (Prunus cerasus var. marasca), which grows wild along parts of the Dalmatian coast in Croatia, lends the liqueur its unique aroma.
Vladik Kreinovich
Vladik Kreinovich is a professor of computer science at the University of Texas at El Paso.

He was educated at Leningrad State University and received a doctorate in mathematics from the Sobolev Institute of Mathematics, affiliated with Novosibirsk State University in Novosibirsk.

His research spans several areas of computer science, computational statistics and computational mathematics generally, including interval arithmetic, fuzzy mathematics, probability theory, and probability bounds analysis.  His research addresses computability issues, algorithm development, verification, and validated numerics for applications in uncertainty processing, data processing, intelligent control, geophysics and other engineering fields. In 2015, the Society For Design and Process Science gave him its Zadeh Award.

Computational mathematics
Computational mathematics is a field of study that focuses on the interaction of mathematical sciences, computer science, and algorithms.

A large part of computational mathematics consists roughly of using mathematics for allowing and improving computer computation in areas of science and engineering where mathematics are useful. This involves in particular algorithm design, computational complexity, numerical methods and computer algebra.

Computational mathematics refers also to the use of computers for mathematics itself. This includes mathematical experimentation for establishing conjectures (particularly in number theory), the use of computers for proving theorems (for example the four color theorem), and the design and use of proof assistants.
Stefan Lorant
Stefan Lorant (Hungarian: Lóránt István; February 22, 1901, in Budapest, Austria-Hungary – November 14, 1997, in Rochester, Minnesota) was a pioneering Hungarian-American filmmaker, photojournalist, and author.  He was one of the developers of the picture magazine and picture book (coffee table book).

Coffee table book
A coffee table book, also known as a cocktail table book, is an oversized, usually hard-covered book whose purpose is for display on a table intended for use in an area in which one entertains guests and which can serve to inspire conversation or pass the time. Subject matter is predominantly non-fiction and pictorial (a photo-book). Pages consist mainly of photographs and illustrations, accompanied by captions and small blocks of text, as opposed to long prose. Since they are aimed at anyone who might pick up the book for a light read, the analysis inside is often more basic and with less jargon than other books on the subject.
Frederic Ranken
Frederic G. Ranken (c. 1869 – October 19, 1905, in Manhattan) was an American librettist, lyricist, and playwright for light operas and musicals staged on Broadway from 1899 through 1907. His greatest success was the libretto for Reginald De Koven's 1905 comic opera Happyland. He also wrote libretti for composers Victor Herbert and Ludwig Engländer, and was a lyricist for composers Alfred Baldwin Sloane and Gustave Kerker among others. As a playwright he wrote the books for several musicals.

Lyricist
A lyricist is a writer who writes lyrics (the spoken words), as opposed to a composer, who writes the song's music which may include (but is not limited to) the melody, harmony, arrangement and accompaniment.
The Left group (Bundestag)
The Left was a group in the German Bundestag composed of former members of the Die Linke faction. The group was founded or recognized on 2 February 2024, after the official Left parliamentary group was dissolved in December 2023 due to internal conflicts and subsequent split, with the members that joined the BSW forming its own group. On 25 February 2025, Die Linke announced that in the 21st Bundestag the faction would be recreated.

Parliamentary group (Germany)
A parliamentary group (German: Gruppe) in Germany is an association of several members of a parliament, especially in the Bundestag, whose number does not reach the minimum size of a fraktion. The rights of a group are usually limited compared to a parliamentary group, but the group has more rights than an Independent Member of Parliament.

Until March 2025, there were two groups in the German Bundestag, the Die Linke group with 28 members and the BSW group with ten members. Until 2024 there were two groups in the German state parliaments, the FDP group in Thuringia and the BVB/FW group in Brandenburg.

In Italy they are known as Gruppo.
John Albert Gibert M.D. House
John Albert Gibert M.D. House is a historic home located near McCormick in McCormick County, South Carolina.  It was built about 1867, and is a two-story, frame, I-house embellished with Greek Revival style decorative elements.  It features a full-height portico supported by massive Doric order masonry columns.  Also on the property is a one-story frame outbuilding (c. 1900), originally a single dwelling, but which later served as a general store.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

McCormick County, South Carolina
McCormick County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 9,526, making it the second-least populous county in South Carolina. Its county seat is McCormick. The county was formed in 1916 from parts of Edgefield, Abbeville, and Greenwood counties.
Listed buildings in Repton
Repton is a civil parish in the South Derbyshire district of Derbyshire, England.  The parish contains 53 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, six are listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, one is at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the village of Repton, the smaller village of Milton, and the surrounding area.  The major complex of buildings is associated with Repton School, built on the site of an earlier priory.  Many of these are listed, four of them at Grade I.  The other Grade I listed buildings are St Wystan's Church and the market cross.  Most of the other listed buildings are houses, cottages and associated structures, the earlier ones timber framed, and the later ones in red brick.  The rest of the listed buildings include farmhouses and farm buildings, bridges, a water management system, a war memorial, and a telephone, kiosk.

South Derbyshire
South Derbyshire is a local government district in Derbyshire, England. The district covers the towns of Melbourne and Swadlincote as well as numerous villages and hamlets such as Hilton, Hatton, Etwall, Aston-on-Trent, Repton, Weston-on-Trent and Willington. About a third of the National Forest lies within the district.

The neighbouring districts are Derbyshire Dales, Amber Valley, Derby, Erewash, North West Leicestershire, Lichfield and East Staffordshire.
Jean Henri Hassenfratz
Jean Henri Hassenfratz (20 December 1755 – 26 February 1827) was a French chemist, physics professor, mine inspector, and participant in the French Revolution.

In 1794, Hassenfratz took part (with Monge) in the creation of the École Polytechnique (first known as École centrale des travaux publics). Hassenfratz became its first professor of physics, a position he held until 1815, when he was succeeded by Alexis Petit (a former child prodigy and Polytechnique alumni who would soon discover the Dulong–Petit law, in 1819).

Dulong–Petit law
The Dulong–Petit law, a thermodynamic law proposed  by French physicists Pierre Louis Dulong and Alexis Thérèse Petit in 1839, states that the classical expression for the molar heat capacity of certain chemical elements is constant for temperatures far from the absolute zero.

In modern terms, Dulong and Petit found that the heat capacity of a mole of many solid elements is about 3R, where R is the universal gas constant. The modern theory of the heat capacity of solids states that it is due to lattice vibrations in the solid.

The first theoretical proof of the law was given by Ludwig Boltzmann using statistical mechanics in 1877.
Land description
In surveying and property law, a land description or legal description is a written statement that delineates the boundaries of a piece of real property. In the written transfer of real property, it is universally required that the instrument of conveyance (deed) include a written description of the property.

Property law
Property law is the area of law that governs the various forms of ownership in real property (land) and personal property. Property refers to legally protected claims to resources, such as land and personal property, including intellectual property. Property can be exchanged through contract law, and if property is violated, one could sue under tort law to protect it.

The concept, idea or philosophy of property underlies all property law. In some jurisdictions, historically all property was owned by the monarch and it devolved through feudal land tenure or other feudal systems of loyalty and fealty.
Länsiviitta
Länsiviitta (Finnish for "west cardinal mark") is a shopping centre in Haukilahti, Espoo, Finland. The shopping centre was opened in 1990, replacing the SPAR and Alepa grocery stores that formerly stood at the site.: 68

The Länsiviitta shopping centre is in two separate parts forming a symmetrical whole. The main entrance way to the shopping centre is from between the parts, with separate entrance to the western and eastern buildings.

The western building hosts an S-market grocery store and restaurants E.T. Charlie and Tokka Pizza. The eastern building hosts a kindergarten.

S Group
The S Group (Finnish: S-ryhmä, Swedish: S-gruppen) is a Finnish retailing cooperative organisation with its head office in Helsinki. Founded in 1904, it consists of 19 regional cooperatives operating all around Finland in addition to SOK, Suomen Osuuskauppojen Keskuskunta (The Central Finnish Cooperative Society). S Group operates in the markets for groceries, consumer durables, service station, hotel and restaurant services.  It is engaged in close competition with Kesko, with which it shares an oligopolistic position in many of the markets it operates in.

The group has businesses in Finland and Estonia. The S Group also had businesses in Latvia and Lithuania, but announced withdrawal from these markets in May 2017. It also withdrew from the Russian market in 2022.

The organisation's member (loyalty) card is called S-Etukortti.
Zogalavachay reservoir
Zogalavachay reservoir (Azerbaijani: Zoğalavaçay su anbarı) is a reservoir located on the Zogalavachay river in the Shamakhi district of the Republic of Azerbaijan, in southwest of the city of Shamakhi.

The reservoir was commissioned in 1974. The total volume of the reservoir is 3.4 million m³, while the useful volume is 3 million m³.

The reservoir is used for irrigation and water supply, as well as for regulating the flow of the Zogalavachay river.

In 2012, a repair of the reservoir was carried out in accordance with modern requirements.

Shamakhi
Shamakhi (Azerbaijani: Şamaxı, pronounced [ʃɑmɑˈxɯ]) is a city in Azerbaijan and the administrative centre of the Shamakhi District. The city's estimated population as of 2010 was 31,704. It is famous for its traditional dancers, and also for perhaps giving its name to the Soumak rugs.

Eleven major earthquakes have rocked Shamakhi, but through multiple reconstructions it maintained its role as the economic and administrative capital of Shirvan and one of the key towns on the Silk Road. The only building to have survived eight of the eleven earthquakes is the landmark Juma Mosque of Shamakhi, built in the 8th century.
Shun Sato (figure skater)
Shun Sato (佐藤 駿, Satō Shun; born February 6, 2004) is a Japanese figure skater. He is a 2026 Olympic Games team event silver medalist,  2026 Olympic bronze medalist, two-time Four Continents medalist (silver in 2024, bronze in 2023), a two-time Grand Prix Final bronze medalist, a nine-time Grand Prix medalist, a two-time ISU Challenger Series silver medalist, and the 2025–26 Japanese national silver medalist.

At the junior level, Sato is the 2019–20 Junior Grand Prix Final champion, and a two-time Japan Junior national silver medalist. He is also the former junior world record holder for the men's free skating and combined total score and is known for his jumping prowess.

Japan Junior Figure Skating Championships
The Japan Junior Figure Skating Championships (Japanese: 全日本フィギュアスケートジュニア選手権) is a figure skating competition held annually to crown the national champions on the Junior level for Japan. The first Japan Junior Figure Skating Championships was held in 1931. It is the junior level equivalent of the Japan Figure Skating Championships. Skaters who place high enough at this competition can earn invitations to compete at the senior championships.
Allegany (village), New York
Allegany is a village in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 1,596 at the 2020 census. The village is in the eastern part of the town of Allegany, west of the city of Olean.

St. Bonaventure University is south of the village.

St. Bonaventure University
St. Bonaventure University is a private Franciscan university in St. Bonaventure, New York, United States. The Western New York campus is home to 2,134 undergraduate and graduate students, with an additional 919 graduate students enrolled in online programs. The Franciscans established the university in 1858.

In athletics, the St. Bonaventure Bonnies play National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I sports in the Atlantic 10 Conference. Students and alumni often refer to the university as Bona's, derived from the school's name.
1966 World Amateur Snooker Championship
The 1966 World Amateur Snooker Championship was the second edition of the championship that later became known as the IBSF World Snooker Championship, following the first staging in 1963. It was played in Karachi, Pakistan as a round-robin. Five players participated. Gary Owen won all four of his matches and took the title, with John Spencer finishing in second place. Owen compiled the highest break of the event, 118. Barrie had set a new championship record break of 76 against Demarco. Owen surpassed it with a break of 106, also against Demarco, before making the 118 break in his match against Lafir.

Glossary of cue sports terms
The following is a glossary of traditional English-language terms used in the three overarching cue sports disciplines: carom billiards referring to the various carom games played on a billiard table without pockets; pool, which denotes a host of games played on a table with six pockets; and snooker, played on a large pocket table, and which has a sport culture unto itself distinct from pool. There are also games such as English billiards that include aspects of multiple disciplines.
Reference and User Services Quarterly
Reference and User Services Quarterly is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering library science. It is the official journal of the Reference and User Services Association and is published by the American Library Association. The journal was established as the Reference Quarterly in 1961 under the editorship of William Katz. A silver anniversary series appeared in 1986. The journal was retitled and obtained its current name in 1997.

In 1985 the journal appeared twice in the set design for the movie, Back to the Future, next to the bed of  Marty McFly.

The journal is available electronically via EBSCO, Academic OneFile, and WilsonWeb, as well as its own website.

Library and information science
Library and information science (LIS) are two academic disciplines that study all aspects of the creation, organization, documentation, management, communication, and use of recorded information. It underlies a variety of professional activities such as information management, librarianship, and archiving and records management, educating professionals for work in those areas, and carrying out research to improve practice.

Library science and information science are two original disciplines; however, they are within the same field of study. Library science is applied information science, as well as a subfield of information science. Due to the strong connection, sometimes the two terms are used synonymously.
Joseph Plunkett (American football)
Joseph T. Plunkett (March 23, 1899 – April 28, 1975) was an American football player and Chicago politician.

Plunkett was born in 1899. He was the son of a police captain.

He played as wingback for the Chicago Cardinals in 1920. Although the claims are unverified, some sources have credited him with helping to found the National Football League (NFL) and with owning the NFL's original football club in Milwaukee.

From 1947 to 1950, Plunkett was a Democratic committeeman for the fourth ward on Chicago's south side. He was the subject of a five-page photo story in Life magazine in 1948 about the job of a "ward boss." He was deposed as ward leader, and also lost his job as deputy county clerk, in 1950 after criticizing county chairman Jacob Arvey and directing precinct captains to get votes for an attorney for crime figure Jack Guzik.

Plunkett also worked as a financial consultant. He died in Chicago in 1975.

Jacob Arvey
Jacob M. Arvey (November 3, 1895 – August 25, 1977) was an
influential Chicago political leader from the Depression era until the mid-1950s. He may be best known for his efforts to end corruption in the Chicago Democratic organization, and for promoting the candidacies of liberal Democratic politicians such as Adlai Stevenson and Senator Paul Douglas of Illinois. He was known as "Jake" and  "Jack" at different times in his career.
Bruck an der Mur District
Bezirk Bruck an der Mur is a former district of the state of Styria in Austria. Bruck an der Mur merged with the district of Mürzzuschlag to form the new district Bruck-Mürzzuschlag on January 1, 2013.

States of Austria
Austria is a federal republic consisting of nine states. The European Commission calls them provinces. Austrian states can pass laws that stay within the limits of the constitution, and each state has representatives in the Austrian federal parliament.