hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Illinois Railway
The Illinois Railway (reporting mark IR), formerly Illinois Railnet, is a shortline railroad operating in Northern Illinois owned by OmniTRAX. It operates 113 miles (182 km) of former BNSF trackage. It was created in 1997 and operates four lines in Northern Illinois.

Reporting mark
A reporting mark is a code used to identify owners or lessees of rolling stock and other equipment used on certain rail transport networks.  The code typically reflects the name or identifying number of the owner, lessee, or operator of the equipment, similar to IATA airline designators.

In North America, the mark, which consists of an alphabetic code of two to four letters, is stenciled on each piece of equipment, along with a one- to six-digit number. This information is used to uniquely identify every such rail car or locomotive, thus allowing it to be tracked by the railroad it is traveling over, which shares the information with other railroads and customers.  In multinational registries, a code indicating the home country may also be included.
Leasina County
Leasina County is a county in the Western District in American Samoa. The name of the county, Leasina, is derived from the Samoan language and translates into English as “White".

The official county name was changed to Leasina ma Aitulagi County following the 2022 American Samoan constitutional referendum.

Leasina contains the villages of Aʻasu and Aʻoloau in the northwestern part of Tutuila Island. The principal place is the village of Aʻoloau, where the powerful Fuimaono resides. At Aʻasu Bay, also known as Massacre Bay, French sailors were massacred in 1787. Aʻoloau is also referred to as Aʻoloaufou, which means "New Aʻoloau", while the abandoned village on the north coast, on Aʻoloau Bay, is called Aʻoloautuai, meaning "Old Aʻoloau". Similarly, the village of Aʻasu is known as Aʻasufou (“New Aʻasu”). The original village, located on Massacre Bay, is called Aʻasutuai (“Old Aʻasu”).

Administrative divisions of American Samoa
American Samoa is administratively divided into three districts (Western, Eastern and Manuʻa) and two unorganized atolls (Swains Island and Rose Atoll). The districts are subdivided into 15 counties, which are composed of 76 villages.

For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau counts the three districts and two unorganized atolls as five county equivalents, while treating the actual counties as minor civil divisions.

American Samoa has only one U.S. ZIP code: 96799.
Sagitta (optics)
In optics and especially telescope making, sagitta or sag is a measure of the glass removed to yield an optical curve. It is approximated by the formula

,

where R is the radius of curvature of the optical surface. The sag S(r) is the displacement along the optic axis of the surface from the vertex, at distance  from the axis.

A good explanation of both this approximate formula and the exact formula can be found here.

Displacement (geometry)
In geometry and mechanics, a displacement is a vector whose length is the shortest distance from the initial to the final position of a point P undergoing motion. It quantifies both the distance and direction of the net or total motion along a straight line from the initial position to the final position of the point trajectory. A displacement may be identified with the translation that maps the initial position to the final position. Displacement is the shift in location when an object in motion changes from one position to another.
For motion over a given interval of time, the displacement divided by the length of the time interval defines the average velocity (a vector), whose magnitude is the average speed (a scalar quantity), over the motion on this time interval.
Uncle Charlie Osborne
Charles Nelson Osborne (December 26, 1890 – May 27, 1992), affectionately known as "Uncle Charlie," was a musician in the Appalachian Mountains of southwest Virginia. He was born in what is now known as Cowan Osborne Hollow, named for his father, in Copper Creek, Virginia. He was regionally famous from the time he was about 15 until his death at age 101 in 1992.

Charlie had a unique style of playing the fiddle with his left hand, on a right-handed fiddle. He and his brother, Emmett Osborne, played on WOPI radio station in Bristol, Tennessee, from the early 1920s until the early 1930s. They were contemporaries of country music founders Jimmie Rodgers and the Carter Family, and occasionally gave advice to Tennessee Ernie Ford on his music.

Tennessee Ernie Ford
Ernest Jennings Ford (February 13, 1919 – October 17, 1991),  known professionally as Tennessee Ernie Ford, was an American singer and television host who enjoyed success in the country and western, pop, and gospel musical genres. Noted for his rich bass-baritone voice and down-home humor, he is remembered for his hit recordings of "The Shotgun Boogie" and "Sixteen Tons".
Karta GPS
Karta GPS is a mobile application developed by Karta Software Technologies Lda., a daughter company of NDrive, for the Android, iOS and iPadOS operating systems. It is distributed for free and pairs open-source map data from OpenStreetMap alongside curated content from Yelp and Foursquare.

The application does not require a connection to the Internet and uses a GPS satellite connection to determine its location. Routes are calculated and plotted based on real-time traffic information provided by Inrix.

INRIX
INRIX, Inc. is a privately held company headquartered in Bellevue, Washington, US. It provides location-based data and software-as-a-service analytics—such as real-time and historical traffic conditions, road safety, and parking availability—to automakers, businesses, cities, and road authorities worldwide, as well as turn-by-turn navigation applications such as Google Waze. INRIX also publishes research reports on traffic congestion, parking, roadway safety, retail site selection, and autonomous vehicles in major cities.
U-Tapao International Airport
U-Tapao–Rayong–Pattaya International Airport (IATA: UTP, ICAO: VTBU), also spelled Utapao and U-Taphao, is a dual-use civil–military public international airport serving the cities of Rayong and Pattaya in Eastern Thailand in the Ban Chang district of Rayong province. It also serves as the U-Tapao Royal Thai Navy Airfield, home of the Royal Thai Navy First Air Wing. U-Tapao is the home of a large Thai Airways maintenance facility, servicing that airline's aircraft as well as those of other customers.

Rayong
Rayong (Thai: ระยอง, pronounced [rā.jɔ̄ːŋ]) is a city (thesaban nakhon) on the east coast of the Gulf of Thailand and the capital of Rayong province. It covers tambons Tha Pradu and Pak Nam and parts of tambons Choeng Noen and Noen Phra, all within Mueang Rayong district. As of 2016 the population was 64,256 (est.). The main industry is fishing, and it is also the main producer of Thailand's fish sauce. It is also the center of the chemical and auto industries. In 2012 Ford Motor Company opened an assembly plant in Rayong to expand Ford's presence in the ASEAN area, employing some 2,200 people.

Rayong was named an Asia-Pacific City of the Future by the Financial Times in 2017.
Cherlak
Cherlak (Russian: Черлак) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Cherlak, Cherlaksky District, Omsk Oblast, a work settlement in Cherlaksky District of Omsk Oblast

Rural localities

Cherlak, Republic of Bashkortostan, a selo in Cherlakovsky Selsoviet of Dyurtyulinsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Cherlak, Tatarsky Rural Okrug, Cherlaksky District, Omsk Oblast, a station in Tatarsky Rural Okrug of Cherlaksky District of Omsk Oblast

Cherlak, Sverdlovsk Oblast, a village in Krasnoufimsky District of Sverdlovsk Oblast

Krasnoufimsky District
Krasnoufimsky District (Russian: Красноуфи́мский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Krasnoufimsky Urban Okrug. Its administrative center is the town of Krasnoufimsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 28,077 (2010 Census);  31,581 (2002 Census); 36,286 (1989 Soviet census).
Richard Tucker (actor)
Richard Whitlock Tucker (June 4, 1884 – December 5, 1942) was an American actor. Tucker was born in Brooklyn, New York. Appearing in more than 260 films between 1911 and 1940, he was the first official member of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) and a founding member of SAG's Board of Directors. Tucker died in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles from a heart attack. He is interred at Forest Lawn Memorial Park, in an unmarked niche in Great Mausoleum, Columbarium of Faith.

Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale, California)
Forest Lawn Memorial Park is a privately owned cemetery in Glendale, California, United States. It is the original and current flagship location of Forest Lawn Memorial-Parks & Mortuaries, a chain of six cemeteries and four additional mortuaries in Southern California.
Lisha Kill (Mohawk River tributary)
Lisha Kill flows through Lisha Kill, New York before emptying into the Mohawk River in Niskayuna, New York. The stream is also referred to as Lisha's Kill and received its name from a local legend about a Native American woman who is buried along its banks.

Niskayuna, New York
Niskayuna is a town in Schenectady County, New York, United States. The population was 23,278 at the 2020 census. The town is located in the southeast part of the county, east of the city of Schenectady, and is the easternmost town in the county.
Kawauchisawa Dam
Kawauchisawa Dam (Japanese: 川内沢ダム) is a gravity dam located in Miyagi Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for flood control. The catchment area of the dam is 3.7 km2. The dam impounds about 18  ha of land when full and can store 1790 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1997.

Miyagi Prefecture
Miyagi Prefecture (宮城県, Miyagi-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [mʲiꜜ.ja.ɡʲi, -ŋʲi, mʲi.ja.ɡʲiꜜ.keɴ, -ŋʲiꜜ-]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. Miyagi Prefecture has a population of 2,265,724 (1 August 2023) and has a geographic area of 7,282 km2 (2,812 sq mi). Miyagi Prefecture borders Iwate Prefecture to the north, Akita Prefecture to the northwest, Yamagata Prefecture to the west, and Fukushima Prefecture to the south.

Sendai is the capital and largest city of Miyagi Prefecture, and the largest city in the Tōhoku region, with other major cities including Ishinomaki, Ōsaki, and Tome. Miyagi Prefecture is located on Japan's eastern Pacific coast  and bounded to the west by the Ōu Mountains, the longest mountain range in Japan, with 24% of its total land area being designated as Natural Parks. Miyagi Prefecture is home to Matsushima Islands, a group of islands ranked as one of the Three Views of Japan, near the town of Matsushima.
Namecoin
Namecoin (Abbreviation: NMC; sign: ) is a cryptocurrency originally forked from bitcoin software. It uses proof-of-work algorithm. Like bitcoin, it is limited to 21 million coins.

Namecoin can store data within its own blockchain transaction database. The original proposal for Namecoin called for Namecoin to insert data into bitcoin's blockchain directly. Anticipating scaling difficulties with this approach, a shared proof-of-work system was proposed to secure new cryptocurrencies with different use cases.

Namecoin's flagship use case is the censorship-resistant top level domain .bit, which is functionally similar to .com or .net domains but is independent of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, the main governing body for domain names. In practice, the top level domain is used by a handful of functional websites. As of 2019, OpenNIC no longer supports the .bit domain.

Use case
In both software and systems engineering, a use case is a structured description of a system’s behavior as it responds to requests from external actors, aiming to achieve a specific goal. The term is also used outside software/systems engineering to describe how something can be used.

In software (and software-based systems) engineering, it is used to define and validate functional requirements. A use case is a list of actions or event steps typically defining the interactions between a role (known in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) as an actor) and a system to achieve a goal. The actor can be a human or another external system. In systems engineering, use cases are used at a higher level than within software engineering, often representing missions or stakeholder goals. The detailed requirements may then be captured in the Systems Modeling Language (SysML) or as contractual statements.
Gurdeep Singh Randhawa
Gurdeep Singh Randhawa is an Indian politician from Punjab. He is a member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly since 2024, representing Dera Baba Nanak Assembly constituency as a member of the Aam Aadmi Party.

Punjab Legislative Assembly
The Punjab Legislative Assembly or the Punjab Vidhan Sabha is the unicameral legislature of the state of Punjab in India. The Sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly was constituted in March 2022. At present, it consists of 117 members, directly elected from 117 single-seat constituencies.  The tenure of the Legislative Assembly is five years unless dissolved sooner. The Speaker of the sixteenth assembly is Kultar Singh Sandhwan. The meeting place of the Legislative Assembly since 6 March 1961 is the Vidhan Bhavan in Chandigarh.
Christian Reimering
Christian Reimering is a professional pool player from Leverkusen, Germany. Reimering reached the last-16 stage of the world championship on four occasions. He did so at the 1993, 1998, and 2010 event in nine-ball, and the 2005 WPA World Eight-ball Championship.

Reimering is a two-time winner of Euro Tour events, winning the 2005 Costa Del Sol and 2007 Italian Open.

Pool (cue sports)
Pool is a group of cue sports played on a billiard table. The table has six pockets along the rails, into which balls are shot. Of the many different pool games, the most popular include: eight-ball, blackball, nine-ball, ten-ball, seven-ball, straight pool, one-pocket, and bank pool. Eight-ball is the most frequently played discipline of pool, and it is often thought of as synonymous with "pool".

The generic term pocket billiards is sometimes also used, and favored by some pool-industry bodies, but is technically a broader classification, including games such as snooker, Russian pyramid, and kaisa, which are not referred to as pool games. There are also hybrid games combining aspects of both pool and carom billiards, such as American four-ball billiards, bottle pool, cowboy pool, and English billiards.
Saint Mark's Tower
Saint Mark's Tower (Maltese: Torri ta' San Mark), originally known as Torre del Cortin and also known as Qalet Marku Tower (Maltese: Torri ta' Qalet Marku),  is a small watchtower in Baħar iċ-Ċagħaq, limits of Naxxar, Malta. It was completed in 1658 as the third of the De Redin towers. Today, the tower is in good condition.

Watchtower
A watchtower or guardtower (also spelled watch tower, guard tower) is a type of military/paramilitary or policiary tower used for guarding an area. Sometimes fortified, and armed with heavy weaponry, especially historically, the structures are built in areas of established control. These include military bases, cities occupied by military forces, prisons and more. A common equipment is searchlights.

It differs from a regular tower in that its primary use is military/policiary and from a turret in that it is usually a freestanding structure. Its main purpose is to provide a high, safe place from which a sentinel or guard may observe the surrounding area. In some cases, non-military towers, such as religious towers, may also be used as watchtowers.

Similar constructions include: observation towers and belvederes, which are generally civilian structures, and control towers, used on airports or harbours.
Ada Korkhin
Ada Claudia Korkhin (/ˈɑːdə ˈkɔːrxɪn/ AH-də KOR-khin; born November 24, 2004) is an American Olympic pistol shooter. She represented the United States at the 2024 Paris Olympics in Women's 25m Sport Pistol, at 19 years of age.

Shooting at the 2024 Summer Olympics
Shooting competitions at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris took place from 27 July to 5 August 2024 at the National Shooting Centre in Châteauroux. The number of shooters competing across fifteen events was reduced from 360 at the previous Games to 340, with an equal distribution between men and women. Furthermore, several significant changes were instituted in the Olympic shooting program, including the new final format and the substitution of the mixed team trap competitions with the mixed team skeet.
Anton Carl Hartmann
Anton Carl Hartmann (6 March 1803 – 1 September 1860) was a Norwegian politician of German descent.

Hartmann was born in Jülich-Cleves-Berg, Prussia, to Heinrick Carl Hartmann and Helene Dorothea Posfelt. In 1826, he married Dorothea Smit in Kristiansand.

He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1854 and 1857, representing the constituency of Kristiansand. He worked as a merchant in that city.

He died in 1860, aged 57.

Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg
The Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg (German: Provinz Jülich-Kleve-Berg) was a province of Prussia from 1815 to 1822. Jülich-Cleves-Berg was established in 1815 from part restored and part newly annexed lands by the Kingdom of Prussia from France's Grand Duchy of Berg. Jülich-Cleves-Berg was dissolved in 1822 when it was merged with the Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine to form Rhine Province. Cologne was the provincial capital.
McKinley Thompson Jr.
McKinley William Thompson Jr. (November 8, 1922 – March 8, 2006) was the first African American automotive designer, and he was the first African American Designer to work at the Ford Motor Company. Thompson was a designer on the first generation Ford Bronco, and also was a designer on the first generation Ford Mustang, Ford Thunderbird, and Ford GT40 racing car. His career at the Ford Motor Company spanned 28 years, from 1956 to 1984.

Ford Mustang (first generation)
The first-generation Ford Mustang was manufactured by Ford from March 1964 until 1973. The introduction of the Mustang created a new class of automobiles known as pony cars. The Mustang's styling, with its long hood and short deck, proved wildly popular and inspired a host of competition.

It was introduced on April 17, 1964, as a hardtop and convertible, with the fastback version following in August 1964. Upon introduction, the Mustang, sharing its platform with the Falcon, was slotted into the compact car segment.

The first-generation Mustangs grew in overall dimensions and engine power with each revision. The 1971 model featured a drastic redesign. After an initial surge, sales steadily declined, and Ford began working on a new generation Mustang. With the onset of the 1973 oil crisis, Ford was prepared, having already designed the smaller Mustang II for the 1974 model year. This new car shared no components with preceding models.
Suriyan Chandran
Suriyan Chandran (transl. Sun and moon) is a 1993 Indian Tamil-language masala film written and directed by K. S. Ravikumar from a story by S. Ramanath. The film stars Anand Babu, Keerthana and Saravanan. It was released on 25 February 1993.

Saravanan (actor)
Saravanan is an Indian actor who has appeared in Tamil-language films. He made his acting debut through Vaidhehi Vanthachu (1991), where he portrayed the lead role. He continued to play the lead roles in films throughout the 1990s, later turning into a producer and director for his films. After a sabbatical, Saravanan made a comeback through Paruthiveeran (2007) in a supporting role. and has since continued to play character roles in Tamil films
Save Your Love (Rene & Angela song)
"Save Your Love (For #1)" is a 1985 song written and sung by the duo René & Angela from their album Street Called Desire. It was their first single (and album) for Mercury Records. The single also featured labelmate Kurtis Blow performing a rap, making it one of the first times hip hop artists collaborated with R&B artists on their work. The single was number one on the Billboard R&B chart for two weeks and was the duo's biggest hit on that chart.

René & Angela
René & Angela were an American R&B duo consisting of musical artists and producers René Moore and Angela Winbush. They formed in 1977 and disbanded in 1986. They are most remembered for their 1985 song "I'll Be Good".
Postage stamps and postal history of Stellaland Republic
Stellaland was a short-lived Boer republic from 1882 until 1885, located in southern Bechuanaland, west of the then South African Republic, with Vryburg as its capital. It was incorporated in British Bechuanaland in 1885. British Bechuanaland was subsequently incorporated into the Cape of Good Hope in 1895.

Vryburg
Vryburg (/fraɪbərɡ/) is a large agricultural town with a population of approximately 89,120  situated in the Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality of the North West Province of South Africa. It is the seat and the industrial and agricultural heartland of the district of the Bophirima region.
Purabaya Bus Terminal
Purabaya Bus Terminal (Indonesian: Terminal Purabaya), or Bungurasih Bus Terminal, is a type-A bus terminal serving bus services in Greater Surabaya area of Indonesia. It is located in the outskirts of Surabaya; in Bungurasih, Waru, Sidoarjo Regency, East Java. It serves local and inter-island routes.

Bus station
A bus station, bus depot, bus interchange or bus exchange is a structure where city buses or intercity buses stop to pick up and drop off passengers. A bus station is larger than a bus stop, which is usually simply a place on the roadside, where buses can stop. It may be intended as a terminal station for a number of routes, or as a transfer station where the routes continue.

Bus station platforms may be assigned to fixed bus lines, or variable in combination with a dynamic passenger information system. The latter requires fewer platforms, but does not provide consistent locations for passengers.
MINExpo International
MINExpo International is a trade show sponsored by the National Mining Association.  The show exhibits the latest mining and minerals processing technologies, and state-of-the-art machinery and equipment for the coal, metal and nonmetal mining processing industries. Exhibitors include leading mining industry leaders like Caterpillar, Chevron, Brunel and Masaba.

National Mining Association
The National Mining Association (NMA) is a United States trade organization that lists itself as the voice of the mining industry in Washington, D.C. The NMA was formed in 1995, and has more than 250 corporate members.
Doctor Bull
Doctor Bull is a 1933 American pre-Code comedy film directed by John Ford, based on the James Gould Cozzens novel The Last Adam. Will Rogers portrays a small-town doctor who must deal with a typhoid outbreak in the community.

The film was well praised by The New York Times, which noted that the story is similar to that of Lionel Barrymore's film One Man's Journey when it premiered at the Radio City Music Hall in New York City. Andy Devine met his future wife during the making of this picture. The film was one of Fox's biggest hits of the year.

Andy Devine
Andrew Vabre Devine (October 7, 1905 – February 18, 1977) was an American character actor known for his distinctive raspy, crackly voice  and roles in Western films, including his role as Cookie, the sidekick of Roy Rogers in 10 feature films. He also appeared alongside John Wayne in films such as Stagecoach (1939), The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance, and How the West Was Won (both 1962). He is also remembered as Jingles on the TV series The Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok from 1951 to 1958, as Danny McGuire in A Star Is Born (1937), and as the voice of Friar Tuck in the Disney Animation Studio film Robin Hood (1973).