hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Amine sulfotransferase
In enzymology, an amine sulfotransferase (EC 2.8.2.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + an amine  adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + a sulfamate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate and amine, whereas its two products are adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate and sulfamate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the sulfotransferases, which transfer sulfur-containing groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:amine N-sulfotransferase. Other names in common use include arylamine sulfotransferase, and amine N-sulfotransferase.  This enzyme participates in sulfur metabolism.

Sulfur metabolism
Sulfur is metabolized by all organisms, from bacteria and archaea to plants and animals. Sulfur can have an oxidation state from −2 to +6 and is reduced or oxidized by a diverse range of organisms. The element is present in proteins, sulfate esters of polysaccharides, steroids, phenols, and sulfur-containing coenzymes.
John Durand (MP, died 1788)
John Durand (c. 1719 – 1788), of Woodcote Lodge, Carshalton, Surrey, was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons between   1768  and 1784.

He served as a ship's captain for the East India Company and afterwards set up as a London merchant. He was made High Sheriff of Surrey for 1767–68.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of Great Britain for Aylesbury 1768–1774, Plympton Erle 7 Feb. 1775–1780 and for Seaford 1780.

House of Commons
The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the upper house of parliament, which is nominally superior. The leader of the majority party in the House of Commons by convention becomes the prime minister. Other parliaments have also had a lower house called the "House of Commons".
Martin Herrenknecht
Martin Herrenknecht (born 24 June 1942) is a German engineer and businessman. He founded an engineering company in 1975, which became Herrenknecht AG in 1977. Today his company makes large, heavy tunnel boring machines. They have 4955 employees as of 2015.

Herrenknecht is the son of an upholsterer in Schwanau, Baden-Württemberg. He graduated from Max Planck Gymnasium and studied at the University of Constance, earning an engineering degree in 1964. In 2010, his company drilled the largest tunnel in the world. He is a member of the Christian Democratic Union.

He received the Werner von Siemens Ring in 2015.

He has caused some controversy in his Stuttgart 21 development project. The Green politician Winfried Hermann accused him of having too close a relationship with Lothar Späth.

Herrenknecht
Herrenknecht AG is a German company that manufactures tunnel boring machines (TBMs). Headquartered in Allmannsweier, Schwanau, Baden-Württemberg, it is the worldwide market leader for heavy TBMs.

Established by Martin Herrenknecht in 1975, the company soon grew. Its first overseas subsidiary, Herrenknecht International Ltd, was created in 1984; a further 79 subsidiaries would be set up or purchased over the next 30 years to provide global coverage. Its products have often pushed technological boundaries; a Herrenknecht-built TBM in the late 1990s was the largest in the world at that time, while the world's longest and deepest railway tunnel (the Gotthard Base Tunnel) was bored using the company's apparatus. By 2015, the company had around 5,000 employees.
Caripe Municipality
Caripe is one of the 13 municipalities of the state of Monagas, Venezuela. The municipality's capital is Caripe, and the Cueva del Guácharo National Park is its main tourist attraction. In the north it borders the state of Sucre, to the east is the municipality of Piar, to the south are the municipalities of Bolivar and Punceres and to the west is the municipality of Acosta.

Cueva del Guácharo National Park
The Guácharo Cave National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Cueva del Guácharo) is located 12 km (7.5 mi) from the town of Caripe, Monagas, Venezuela.

It has as its centerpiece a large limestone cave, Guácharo Cave, which is the longest cave in Venezuela. The cave is a limestone cavern over 10 km (6.2 mi) long, with a number of large chambers and rock formations. The temperature inside the cave generally remains near 19 °C (66 °F) and the humidity at 100%.

The cavern is famous for being home to thousands of guácharos, or oilbirds, which is where the cave and the park get their name.
Oleksandr Pivnenko
Oleksandr Serhiiovych Pivnenko (Ukrainian: Олександр Сергійович Півненко; born 1986) is a Ukrainian athlete, serviceman, and the commander of the National Guard of Ukraine (NGU). He is also a member of the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief since July 25, 2023. He currently holds the rank of Brigadier general, and is also awarded with the title Hero of Ukraine.

Order for Courage
The Order for Courage (Ukrainian: Орден «За мужність», romanized: Orden “Za muzhnist”) is a Ukrainian award established by Ukrainian president Leonid Kuchma on August 21, 1996. The medal is designed by Ukrainian artist Mykola Lebid.
Texas's 12th House of Representatives district
District 12 is a district in the Texas House of Representatives.  It was created in the 3rd legislature (1849–1851).

The district has been represented by Republican Trey Wharton since January 14, 2025, upon his initial election to the Texas House.

As a result of redistricting after the 2020 Federal census, from the 2022 elections the district encompasses all of Grimes, Madison, Robertson, Walker, and Washington Counties, and the eastern portion of Brazos County.  Major cities in the district include Brenham, Center, Huntsville, Madisonville, and Navasota, along with small parts of Bryan and College Station. Sam Houston State University is in the district, along with Washington-on-the-Brazos Historical Site (where Texas declared its independence from Mexico) and the headquarters of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice and several prisons including the Huntsville Unit, home of the state's execution chamber.

Franklin, Texas
Franklin is a city in, and the county seat of, Robertson County, Texas, United States. It is within the Brazos Valley, on the cusp of the East and Central Texas regions. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 1,614. The original name of the town was Morgan and it was made county seat in 1879.
Katlehong
Katlehong is a large township in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. It is 28 km south-east of Johannesburg and south of Germiston between two other townships of Thokoza and Vosloorus next to the N3 highway. It forms part of the City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality.

Township (South Africa)
In South Africa, the terms township and location usually refer to an under-developed, racially segregated urban area, from the late 19th century until the end of apartheid, which were reserved for non-whites, namely Black Africans, Coloureds and Indians. Townships were usually built on the periphery of towns and cities. The term township also has a distinct legal meaning in South Africa's system of land title, which carries no racial connotations.

Townships for non-whites were also called locations or lokasies in Afrikaans and are often still referred to as such in the smaller towns. The slang term "kasie / kasi", a popular short version of "lokasie" is also used. Townships sometimes have large informal settlements nearby.
Robert A. Starr
Robert A. Starr (born December 17, 1942) is an American politician from Vermont who served as a Democratic member of the Vermont State Senate from 2005 to 2025. He has represented the Essex-Orleans senate district since 2004. Since redistricting in 2022 he has represented the Orleans District. He had previously spent 25 years in the Vermont House of Representatives.

Vermont Senate
The Vermont Senate is the upper house of the Vermont General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Vermont. The senate consists of 30 members elected from multi-member districts. Each senator represents at least 20,300 citizens. Senators are elected to two-year terms and there is no limit to the number of terms a senator may serve.

As in other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the U.S. Senate, the Vermont Senate has special functions, such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions, boards, and (for the first six-year term) the state's judiciary.

The Vermont Senate meets at the Vermont State House in the state capital of Montpelier.
Branko Zorko
Branko Zorko (born 1 July 1967) is a Croatian retired middle distance runner who specialized in the 1500 metres. Zorko competed in the 1500 metres in five Olympic Games, from 1988 to 2004, making it through to the semi-finals in 1992 and 1996. He won bronze medals at the 1993 World Indoor Championships in Toronto and the 1994 European Championships in Helsinki. In 1992 he was awarded the Franjo Bučar State Award for Sport. He was born in Hodošan.

Athletics at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's 1500 metres
The men's 1500 metres was an event at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. There were a total number of 51 participating athletes from 40 nations, with four qualifying heats. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was held from 3 to 8 August 1992. The event was won by 0.50 seconds by Fermín Cacho of Spain, the nation's first title in the men's 1500 metres. Morocco won its first medal in the event with Rachid El Basir's silver. Qatar won its first Olympic medal in any event with Mohamed Suleiman's bronze.
Necklace Inscribed with the Name of King Pratapamalladeva
The Necklace Inscribed with the Name of King Pratapamalladeva, also known as the Taleju necklace, is a 17th-century Nepali ceremonial collar currently housed at the Art Institute of Chicago. The ornate gilt copper necklace, embellished with semiprecious stones, is attributed to King Pratap Malla (r. 1641–1674) of the Malla dynasty and is associated with the Hindu goddess Taleju Bhawani, the patron deity of Nepal's royal family. In 2021, the necklace became the subject of controversy following allegations that it had been stolen from the Taleju Temple in Kathmandu, leading to a formal repatriation request by the Government of Nepal.

ProPublica
ProPublica, Inc. (/proʊˈpʌblɪkə/), is a nonprofit investigative journalism organization based in New York City. ProPublica's investigations are conducted by its staff of full-time reporters, and the resulting stories are distributed to news partners for publication or broadcast. In some cases, reporters from both ProPublica and its partners work together on a story. ProPublica has partnered with more than 90 different news organizations and has won several Pulitzer Prizes.

In 2010, ProPublica became the first online news source to win a Pulitzer Prize; the story chronicled the urgent life-and-death decisions made by one hospital's exhausted doctors when they were cut off by the floodwaters of Hurricane Katrina, and it was published both in the New York Times Magazine and on ProPublica's website.
Shooting at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's 50 metre rifle three positions
The men's 50 metre rifle three positions event at the 2016 Olympic Games took place on 14 August 2016 at the National Shooting Center.

The medals were presented by Danka Barteková, IOC member, Slovakia and Olegario Vázquez Raña, President of the International Shooting Sport Federation.

Olegario Vázquez Raña
Olegario Vázquez Raña (10 December 1935 – 28 March 2025) was a Mexican sport shooter and businessman who was the owner of several companies and the chairman and principal shareholder of Grupo Empresarial Ángeles.
Mieczysław Warmus
Mieczysław Jan Warmus (born 1 June 1918 in Dobrowlany, Poland (now Дабраўляны, Беларусь); died 20 September 2007 in Wollongong, Australia). He was a Polish mathematician, a pioneer of computer science in Poland, professor, university lecturer, author of over a hundred scientific papers. He defended his PhD at Wrocław University based on dissertation Calculating Areas of Flat Surfaces Using Parallelogram Grids under Hugo Steinhaus' supervision. The habilitation thesis titled "Nomogrammable Functions" was defended on February 22, 1958. By a resolution dated May 29, 1958, the Central Qualification Committee for Scientific Workers awarded Associate Professor Dr. habil. Mieczysław Warmus the academic title of Extraordinary Professor.

Warmus died on September 20, 2007, in Wollongong, Australia. He was buried on October 2, 2007, at the Powązki Cemetery in Warsaw.

University of Wrocław
The University of Wrocław (Polish: Uniwersytet Wrocławski, UWr; Latin: Universitas Wratislaviensis) is a public research university in Wrocław, Poland. It is the largest institution of higher learning in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, with over 100,000 graduates since 1945, including some 1,900 researchers, among whom many have received the highest awards for their contributions to the development of scientific scholarship.

The university was established in 1701 and reconstituted in its current form in 1945, as a direct successor to the previous German University of Breslau. Following the territorial changes of Poland's borders, academics primarily from the Jan Kazimierz University of Lwów restored the university building, which had been heavily damaged in the 1945 Battle of Breslau.
Oyabe, Toyama
Oyabe (小矢部市, Oyabe-shi) is a city in Toyama Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2018, the city had an estimated population of 30,328 in 10,331 households. and a population density of 230 persons per km2. Its total area was 134.07 square kilometres (51.76 sq mi).

Cities of Japan
A city (市, shi) is a local administrative unit in Japan. Cities are ranked on the same level as towns (町, machi) and villages (村, mura), with the difference that they are not a component of districts (郡, gun). Like other contemporary administrative units, they are defined by the Local Autonomy Law of 1947.
Adrien Delorme
Adrien Faizelot-Delorme (master in 1748 – after 1783) was a well-known cabinetmaker (ébéniste) working in Paris, the most prominent in a family of ébénistes.

Becoming master 22 June 1748, he set up in the rue du Temple, a centrally located site where fashionable clients could find him, for he worked as a dealer in furniture as well as running his own workshop; as dealer, his stamp is often found on pieces made by other ébénistes. His own furniture featured fine marquetry and lacquered furniture.

In 1783 Delorme sold his remaining stock at public auction and retired from business.

Share capital
A corporation's share capital, commonly referred to as capital stock in the United States, is the portion of a corporation's equity that has been derived by the issue of shares in the corporation to a shareholder, usually for cash.
2018 Pirelli World Challenge
The 2018 Pirelli World Challenge is the 29th season of the Pirelli World Challenge. Patrick Long was the defending champion in the highest class, the GT class. It is the second season sanctioned by the United States Auto Club. The season began on 9 March in St. Petersburg and ended on 2 September at Watkins Glen. It is the first season of the new TCR class, while the TCB class has been removed from the series.

On 25 May 2018, the series announced it had been acquired by the SRO Motorsports Group.

United States Auto Club
The United States Auto Club (USAC) is one of the sanctioning bodies of auto racing in the United States. From 1956 to 1979, USAC sanctioned the United States National Championship, and from 1956 to 1997 the organization sanctioned the Indianapolis 500. USAC serves as the sanctioning body for a number of racing series, including the Silver Crown Series, National Sprint Cars, National Midgets, Speed2 Midget Series, .25 Midget Series, Stadium Super Trucks, and GT World Challenge America. Seven-time USAC champion Levi Jones is USAC's Competition Director.
Wola hospitals during the Warsaw Uprising
During the Warsaw Uprising in 1944, four hospitals operated in the Wola district of Warsaw.

The most dramatic moment in the wartime history of Wola's hospitals was the mass slaughter of district residents carried out in the first days of the uprising by Schutzstaffel (SS) units and Ordnungspolizei. On "Black Saturday," 5 August 1944, the Germans massacred the staff and patients of the Wola Hospital and the St. Lazarus Hospital. The next day, the patients of the Karol and Maria Children's Hospital also fell victim to the massacre. Thanks to the brave stance of the staff, the St. Stanislaus Infectious Disease Hospital escaped destruction. A few days later, the Wola Hospital also managed to resume its activities. The staff of both facilities provided aid to the Polish civilian population expelled from Warsaw by the Germans until the end of October 1944.

Wolska Street, Warsaw
Wolska (Polish: Ulica Wolska, lit. Wola Street) is the main artery of Warsaw's borough of Wola. Initially Wola district was but a western suburb of Warsaw and a road leading to it was dubbed "droga wolska" - Wola road. In 1725 parts of that road closest to the Warsaw Old Town, located along the Saxon Axis, were officially renamed to "Aleja Wolska" - Wola Avenue. In modern times it starts at a crossing of Chłodna and Towarowa Streets, and runs as a continuation of Solidarity Avenue through the neighbourhoods of Młynów, Czyste and Ulrychów, all the way to Połczyńska Street.

52°13′49″N 20°57′14″E﻿ / ﻿52.2303°N 20.9540°E﻿ / 52.2303; 20.9540
Life imprisonment in Iceland
Life imprisonment in Iceland is legal and the most severe punishment available under the Icelandic penal code since the death penalty was formally abolished in 1928. According to the General Penal Code from 1944 imprisonment may be imposed for life or for a certain period, not shorter than 30 days and not longer than 16 years. However, in special cases it is permissible to increase the punishment from 16 years to 20 years.

Supreme Court of Iceland
The Supreme Court of Iceland (Icelandic: Hæstiréttur Íslands, pronounced [ˈhaistɪˌrjɛhtʏr ˈistlants], lit. 'Highest Court of Iceland') is the final court of appeal in the judiciary of Iceland. It is also the oldest of the current courts of law in Iceland and the highest of the three Icelandic court branches, the others being the District Courts of Iceland and the Court of Appeal (Landsréttur).

Notwithstanding the Court not being mentioned by name in the Constitution of Iceland, but only its justices, it is validated in the Courts Act No. 50/2016. The Supreme Court of Iceland is located at the Dómhúsið (Courthouse) at Arnarhóll in Reykjavík, a building that was specially built for that purpose and that came into use in 1996.

The current president of the court is Benedikt Bogason.
Richard Frederick Thompson
Richard Frederick Thompson (June 2, 1873 – September 25, 1949) was a farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan, Canada. He represented Weyburn in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1921 as a Unionist Party member.

He was born in Grey County, Ontario, the son of Robert Thompson and the former Miss Hunter, and was educated there. He owned a farm in Weyburn, Saskatchewan. Thompson was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1921. He died in Vancouver, British Columbia at the age of 76.

Grey County
Grey County is a county in the province of Ontario. The county is located in the Southwestern Ontario region, and is a part of the Georgian Triangle. At the time of the 2021 Canadian census the population of the county was 100,905. Owen Sound is the county seat and the largest city in Grey County.
Chris Macasaet
Chris Macasaet (born February 7, 1988) is a Filipino volleyball player. He played for the De La Salle University collegiate men's volleyball team. He also played for the Systema Active Smashers in the Spikers' Turf.

Spikers' Turf
Spikers' Turf is the top-level men's semi-professional volleyball league in the Philippines. The league was established in 2015 by Sports Vision Management Group, Inc., the same organization behind the women's Shakey's V-League and later the Premier Volleyball League.

The first running of Spikers' Turf lasted from 2015 to 2016 before it merged with the PVL in 2017 as its men's division. In 2018, it was spun off and the league was reestablished.

The Cignal Super Spikers were the defending champions, but has since been vacated after the team took a leave of absence in January 2026. With seven titles, Cignal is also the most successful team in the league. The Criss Cross King Crunchers are the only active team to win a championship.
Mount Ulandra
Mount Ulandra is a mountain with an elevation of 761 metres (2,497 ft) AHD that is located within the Ulandra Nature Reserve in the South West Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia.

The mountain is located approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) south-west of Cootamundra and 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south-east of Bethungra.
Atop the mountain are telecommunications towers, including television broadcast towers for all television networks covering much of the Riverina region. The reserve is located on the western hills of the Southern Tablelands. To the west of the reserve lies an undulating 200–300 metres (660–980 ft) above sea level plain which rises abruptly at Mount Ulandra's summit. The reserve was dedicated in 1981 to protect stands of Cootamundra wattle.

Southern Tablelands
The Southern Tablelands is a geographic area of New South Wales, Australia, located south-west of Sydney and generally west of the Great Dividing Range.

The area is characterised by high, flat country which has generally been extensively cleared and used for grazing purposes.  The area is easily accessible to the Australian federal capital city of Canberra in the Australian Capital Territory. The area is included with the Southern Highlands and parts of the South West Slopes in the district that is known as Capital Country. In a wider sense, the term "Southern Tablelands" is also sometimes used to describe a broader region that includes the Monaro, the Southern Highlands and Australia's capital Canberra. The Southern Tablelands Temperate Grassland is a prominent vegetation community in the region.
State Wildlife Refuge
State Wildlife Refuge is a 13,000-acre (5,300 ha) wildlife sanctuary managed by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF), in Vermilion Parish, Louisiana. The land was donated to the state in 1911 by conservationist Edward McIlhenny and Charles Ward.

Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries
The Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF) is a state agency of Louisiana that maintains state wildlife and fishery areas. The agency is headquartered in the capital city of Baton Rouge.
Jonathan Gruber (economist)
Jonathan Holmes Gruber (born September 30, 1965) is an American professor of economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he has taught since 1992. He is also the director of the Health Care Program at the National Bureau of Economic Research, where he is a research associate. An associate editor of both the Journal of Public Economics and the Journal of Health Economics, Gruber has been heavily involved in crafting public health policy.

He has been described as a key architect of both the 2006 Massachusetts health care reform, sometimes referred to as "Romneycare", and the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, sometimes referred to as the "ACA" and "Obamacare". He became the focus of media and political controversy in late 2014 when videos surfaced in which he made controversial statements about the legislative process, marketing strategies, and public perception surrounding the passage of the ACA.

Health policy
Health policy can be defined as the "decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific healthcare goals within a society". According to the World Health Organization, an explicit health policy can achieve several things: it defines a vision for the future; it outlines priorities and the expected roles of different groups; and it builds consensus and informs people.