hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Madliena Tower
Madliena Tower (Maltese: Torri tal-Madliena), originally known as Torre della Paulina, is a small watchtower in Madliena, limits of Pembroke, Malta. It was completed in 1658 as the fourth of the De Redin towers. The British built an artillery battery next to the tower in 1908–1909, and the tower and battery remained in use until World War II. Today, the battery no longer exists but the tower is in good condition.

Watchtower
A watchtower or guardtower (also spelled watch tower, guard tower) is a type of military/paramilitary or policiary tower used for guarding an area. Sometimes fortified, and armed with heavy weaponry, especially historically, the structures are built in areas of established control. These include military bases, cities occupied by military forces, prisons and more. A common equipment is searchlights.

It differs from a regular tower in that its primary use is military/policiary and from a turret in that it is usually a freestanding structure. Its main purpose is to provide a high, safe place from which a sentinel or guard may observe the surrounding area. In some cases, non-military towers, such as religious towers, may also be used as watchtowers.

Similar constructions include: observation towers and belvederes, which are generally civilian structures, and control towers, used on airports or harbours.
David Seamands
David A. Seamands (February 6, 1922 – July 29, 2006), author, scholar, and evangelical renewal movement leader within the United Methodist Church, was born in India to Methodist missionary parents and spent much of his boyhood there. He graduated from Asbury University, Drew Theological Seminary and the Hartford Seminary Foundation. He also received honorary degrees from both Asbury University and Asbury Theological Seminary. He and his wife, Helen, served as United Methodist missionaries in India from 1946 until 1962.

Drew University
Drew University is a private university in Madison, New Jersey, United States. It has a wooded 186-acre (75 ha) campus. As of fall 2020, more than 2,200 students were pursuing degrees at the university's three schools. While affiliated with the Methodist faith, Drew University does not impose any religious requirements on its students.
Awaken (The Empire Shall Fall album)
Awaken is the debut studio album by The Empire Shall Fall, released on November 17, 2009 through Angle Side Side Records, owned by The Empire Shall Fall's bassist, Nick Sollecito. Awaken features the vocal talents of Killswitch Engage vocalist Jesse Leach. The band cites its influences as At the Gates, Meshuggah, and Edge of Sanity. Awaken draws heavily upon the band members' interests in jazz, punk, and experimental music. The album reflects heavily on the themes of  politics and transcendentalism. Lyrically the album advocates positivity, unity, and empowerment. Historical inspirations for the album have been cited as Jello Biafra, Benjamin Franklin, Cynthia McKinney, and Ron Paul.

Edge of Sanity
Edge of Sanity was a Swedish death metal band that, alongside Opeth, is commonly regarded as being the first to fuse extreme metal styles like death and black metal with progressive rock. The group was founded by multi-instrumentalist and songwriter Dan Swanö in 1989 with Swanö taking vocal, guitar and songwriting duties, and ended in 2003.
Nicostratus (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Nicostratus (Ancient Greek: Νικόστρατος) is a son of Menelaus, king of Mycenaean Sparta. He was known to Hesiod and epic poet Cinaethon. His name means 'Victorious Army' and suggests that his birth came after the Trojan War.

Bibliotheca (Apollodorus)
The Bibliotheca (Ancient Greek: Βιβλιοθήκη, romanized: Bibliothēkē, lit. 'Library') is a compendium of Greek myths and heroic legends, genealogical tables and histories arranged in three books, generally dated to the first or second century AD. The work is commonly described as having been written by Apollodorus (or sometimes Pseudo-Apollodorus), a result of its false attribution to the 2nd-century BC scholar Apollodorus of Athens.
Dark (surname)
Dark is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alice Elliott Dark, American writer

Alvin Dark (1922–2014), American baseball player and manager

Ben Dark (born 1972), Australian television presenter

Benjamin Dark (1793–1836), English cricketer

Danny Dark (1938–2004), American TV announcer and voice actor

David Dark, American writer

Jacqueline Dark (1966–2023), Australian mezzo-soprano

James Dark, English cricketer

John Dark, British film and TV producer

Gregory Dark (born 1957), American film director

Lisa Lee Dark (born 1981), Welsh opera singer and voice actress

Fictional characters:

Joanna Dark, the protagonist in the video game Perfect Dark

Simon Dark, Comics character

Danny Dark
Danny Dark (December 19, 1938 – June 13, 2004) was an American voice-over artist. For nearly four decades, he narrated memorable lines in advertisements for Budweiser ("This Bud's for you"), Raid Ant & Roach Killer ("Raid - Kills Bugs Dead"), StarKist tuna ("Sorry, Charlie") and Parkay ("Parkay Margarine from Kraft. The flavor says 'butter'."). The trade paper Radio & Records said, "Dark's distinctive voice has been heard in more award-winning commercials than any announcer in broadcast history." Dark is also well remembered for voicing Superman in the various incarnations of the Super Friends animated series (1973–1985).
Athletics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay
The men's 4 × 100 metre relay event at the 2008 Olympic Games took place on 21 and 22 August at the Beijing National Stadium.

There were 16 NOCs competing at this event. These 16 NOCs were selected by the average of the two best marks at the qualifying period. Australia was 14th but withdrew and the Netherlands was invited instead. The final was won by Jamaica in the new world-record time 37.10.

On 25 January 2017, the Jamaican team was stripped of the gold medal place due to Nesta Carter testing positive for the prohibited substance methylhexaneamine. The IOC requested that the IAAF modify the results, and, after CAS dismissed the appeal of the Jamaican team, the medals were redistributed accordingly. Trinidad and Tobago team was advanced to gold, Japan to silver, and Brazil to bronze.

Beijing National Stadium
The National Stadium (国家体育场, Guójiā Tǐyùchǎng), a.k.a. the Bird's Nest (鸟巢), is a stadium at Olympic Green in Chaoyang, Beijing, China. The National Stadium, covering an area of 204,000 square meters with an 80,000 person capacity (91,000 with temporary seating), broke ground in December 2003, officially started construction in March 2004, and was completed in June 2008.

The National Stadium is owned and operated by a partnership company between Beijing Municipal State-owned Assets Management Co Ltd (58%) and CITIC Group (42%).

The stadium was designed for the 2008 Summer Olympics and Paralympics. It was also used during the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics.
Parkland (community), Wisconsin
Parkland is an unincorporated community in the town of Parkland, Douglas County, Wisconsin, United States.

The community is located 8 miles (13 km) southeast of the city of Superior at the junction of County Roads E and Z.  Nearby is the junction of Wisconsin Highway 13 and U.S. Highways 2 / 53 (co-signed).

The Canadian National Railway runs through the community.

U.S. Route 2 in Wisconsin
US Highway 2 (US 2) is a part of the United States Numbered Highway System that runs from Everett, Washington, to St. Ignace, Michigan. In Wisconsin, the highway enters runs east–west across the northwestern part of the state and re-enters the state in the northeast part. It runs from the Richard I. Bong Memorial Bridge over the Saint Louis Bay at Superior, where it enters from Minnesota, east to the Michigan state line near Hurley. Further east, US 2 re-enters Wisconsin from Michigan in Florence County and briefly traverses that county before re-entering Michigan. US 2 is a Wisconsin Corridors 2020 Connecting route east of its concurrency with US 53. The section concurrent with US 53 is a Wisconsin Corridors 2020 Backbone route.
Transition metal carboxylate complex
Transition metal carboxylate complexes are coordination complexes with carboxylate (RCO2−) ligands. Reflecting the diversity of carboxylic acids, the inventory of metal carboxylates is large. Many are useful commercially, and many have attracted intense scholarly scrutiny. Carboxylates exhibit a variety of coordination modes, most common are κ1- (O-monodentate), κ2 (O,O-bidentate), and bridging.

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), also called EDTA acid, is an aminopolycarboxylic acid with the formula [CH2N(CH2CO2H)2]2. This white, slightly water-soluble solid is widely used to bind to iron (Fe2+/Fe3+) and calcium ions (Ca2+), forming water-soluble complexes even at neutral pH. It is thus used to dissolve Fe- and Ca-containing scale as well as to deliver iron ions under conditions where its oxides are insoluble. EDTA is available as several salts, notably disodium EDTA, sodium calcium edetate, and tetrasodium EDTA, but these all function similarly.
Billy Jay Stein
Billy Jay Stein (also known as William Stein, Billy Stein and Strange Cranium) is a pianist, keyboardist, composer, music director, record producer, electronic music designer, and mixing engineer. He won the 2015 Grammy Award for Best Musical Theatre Album for producing and mixing Beautiful: The Carole King Musical.

Linda Eder
Linda Eder (/ˈɛdər/; born February 3, 1961) is an American singer and actress. She originated the role of Lucy Harris in the Broadway musical Jekyll & Hyde, for which she was nominated for the Drama Desk Award.
2016–17 Maltese Premier League
The 2016–17 Maltese Premier League was the 102nd season of the Maltese Premier League. The season began on 19 August 2016 and concluded on 6 May 2017; the relegation play-off took place on 12 May 2017. Valletta were the defending champions, having won their 23rd title the previous season.

On 30 April 2017, Hibernians defeated St. Andrews 3–1 to clinch their 12th Maltese league title.

Valletta F.C.
Valletta F.C. is a professional football club based in Valletta, the capital city of Malta. The club currently competes in the Maltese Premier League. The club was founded in 1943 after a merge of Valletta Prestons, Valletta St. Paul's and Valletta United, the latter being a two-time league winner before the Second World War.

Considered one of the most supported and successful clubs in Maltese football, the club has won 25 league titles, 14 FA Trophies and a record 13 Super Cups. During the 2021–22 season the club was sponsored by Meridianbet.
Jan-Louis la Grange
Jan-Louis la Grange (born (1997-03-19)19 March 1997) is a South African rugby union player for the Lions in Super Rugby, the Golden Lions in the Currie Cup and the Golden Lions XV in the Rugby Challenge. His regular position is centre or wing.

Currie Cup
The Currie Cup (Afrikaans: Curriebeker) is South Africa's premier domestic rugby union competition featuring teams representing either entire provinces or substantial regions within provinces. The Currie Cup dates back to 1891.
Jag saknar dig ibland
Jag saknar dig ibland is a song written by Bobby Ljunggren and Henrik Wikström, and with lyrics by Ingela "Pling" Forsman, and originally performed by Ainbusk at Melodifestivalen 2008, where it ended up 6th in the semifinal in Linköping on 23 February 2008. The single peaked at 36th position at the Swedish singles chart.

The song was also tested for Svensktoppen on 9 March 2008, but failed to enter the chart. It got a new chance the upcoming week, but once again it failed to enter the chart.

Kristian Luuk performed the song during the Andra chansen act, referring to comedian Björn Gustafsson not being present in the pause acts. Even a music video was recorded.

Svensktoppen
Svensktoppen (Swedish: [ˈsvɛ̂nːskˌtɔpːɛn]) is a weekly record chart airing on Sveriges Radio. Until January 2003, the songs had to be in the Swedish language. Svensktoppen has aired since 1962, except for the years 1982–1985. In the years leading up to the January 2003 change, the programme was strongly dominated by dansband music.

The first number-one hit song was "Midnattstango" performed by Swedish crooner Lars Lönndahl.

New rules on 17 January 2016 restricted the maximum length for a song to chart to one year.
Jonathan J. Smith
Jonathan J. Smith (January 13, 1844 – December 19, 1916) was an American businessman, newspaper editor, and politician. He was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

Born in Harvard, McHenry County, Illinois, Smith served in the 65th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War. He then lived on a farm in Butler County, Iowa. In 1878, Smith moved to Barron, Wisconsin. He was one of the editors of the Barron Republican newspaper and owned a general store. He served as town treasurer, city treasurer, and mayor of Barron, Wisconsin. From 1895 to 1899, Smith served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Republican. Smith died in Barron, Wisconsin.

65th Illinois Infantry Regiment
The 65th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, nicknamed  the "Second Scotch Regiment" was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The regiment mustered into service in May 1862 and was captured at the Battle of Harper's Ferry. After being paroled and exchanged, the regiment was sent to Kentucky and assigned to the XXIII Corps. The regiment participated in the Knoxville campaign, the Atlanta campaign, the Franklin–Nashville campaign, and the Carolinas campaign. The soldiers were mustered out in July 1865.
Heinrich Barbl
Heinrich Barbl (born 3 March 1900, Sarleinsbach, Austria; date of death unknown, not before 1965) was an Austrian-born SS-Rottenführer. He participated in the T-4 euthanasia program in Nazi Germany and, after the invasion of Poland, in Operation Reinhard phase of the Holocaust.

Rottenführer
Rottenführer (German: [ˈʁɔtn̩fyːʁɐ], lit. 'section leader') was a Nazi Party paramilitary rank that was first created in the year 1932.  The rank of Rottenführer was used by several Nazi paramilitary groups, among them the Sturmabteilung (SA), the Schutzstaffel (SS) and was senior to the paramilitary rank of Sturmmann.

The insignia for Rottenführer consisted of two double silver stripes on a bare collar patch. On field grey SS uniforms, the sleeve chevrons of an Obergefreiter (senior lance-corporal) were also worn.
Arouquesa
The Arouquesa is a Portuguese breed of triple-purpose cattle,: 113 : 291  distributed mainly in the districts of Aveiro, Braga, Porto and Viseu in northern Portugal. It is named for the town of Arouca in the district of Aveiro.

It is used for draught work – although less so than in the past – is reared for beef, and has some dairy qualities. Beef from cattle reared by traditional methods within a specified area of northern Portugal has Denominação de Origem Protegida status and may be marketed as Carne Arouquesa DOP.

Dairy cattle
Dairy cattle (also called dairy cows) are cattle bred with the ability to produce large quantities of milk, from which dairy products are made.  Dairy cattle generally are of the species Bos taurus.

Historically, little distinction was made between dairy cattle and beef cattle, with the same stock often being used for both meat and milk production.  Today, the bovine industry is more specialized and most dairy cattle have been bred to produce large volumes of milk.
Ice River Glacier
Ice River Glacier is located 2.4 miles (3.9 km) northeast of Mount Olympus in the Olympic Mountains of Olympic National Park in the U.S. state of Washington.  Starting at an elevation of 6,400 feet (2,000 m) on the northern slope of a subpeak of Mount Olympus known as Mercury (6,950 ft (2,118 m)), the glacier flows northwest as it descends. The glacier reaches as low as 5,200 ft (1,600 m) before terminating. Though the glacier lies adjacent to the much larger Blue Glacier, an arête separates the two glaciers.

Mount Olympus (Washington)
Mount Olympus, at 7,980 feet (2,430 m), is the tallest and most prominent mountain in the Olympic Mountains of the U.S. state of Washington. Located on the Olympic Peninsula, it is also a central feature of Olympic National Park. Mount Olympus is the highest summit of the Olympic Mountains; however, peaks such as Mount Constance and The Brothers, on the eastern margin of the range, are better known, being visible from the Seattle metropolitan area.
Kim Geun-bae
Kim Geun-bae (Korean: 김근배, born August 7, 1986) is a South Korean football goalkeeper who plays for Jeju United.

On November 18, 2008, Kim was as one of sixteen priority member, he joined Gangwon FC. He made his debut for Gangwon against Daegu FC on April 8, 2009, in league cup match. His first league match for Gangwon against Suwon Bluewings on September 6, 2009.

Suwon Samsung Bluewings
The Suwon Samsung Bluewings (Korean: 수원 삼성 블루윙즈) are a South Korean football club based in Suwon that competes in the K League 2, the second tier of South Korean football. Founded in December 1995, they have won the K League on four occasions (1998, 1999, 2004 and 2008), as well as the Asian Club Championship twice, in 2000–01 and 2001–02.
Sean East II
Sean Lovell East II (born November 17, 1999) is an American professional basketball player for the Salt Lake City Stars of the NBA G League. He played college basketball for the UMass Minutemen, Bradley Braves and Missouri Tigers.

Bradley Braves men's basketball
The Bradley Braves men's basketball team represents Bradley University, located in Peoria, Illinois, in NCAA Division I basketball competition. They compete as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference. The Braves are currently coached by Brian Wardle and play their home games at Carver Arena.

Bradley has appeared in nine NCAA tournaments, including two Final Fours and national championship games in 1950 and 1954. They last appeared in the NCAA tournament in 2019 (they qualified for the 2020 tournament which was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic), and last reached the NCAA Sweet Sixteen in 2006. The Braves have also appeared in the National Invitation Tournament 23 times with an all-time NIT record of 27–20 and have won four NIT championships (1957, 1960, 1964, and 1982), second only to St. John's in appearances (30) and titles (5). Until the introduction of the Vegas 16 tournament in 2016, the program was invited to the initial offering of every national postseason tournament.
Chene Lawson
Chené Lawson-Peissig is an American writer, podcaster, and actor.

Lawson was born in Chicago, Illinois. She later moved to Los Angeles, where she trained at The Groundlings theater. In 2020, she wrote and hosted the speculative fiction podcast All Things Undone, which debuted at #7 on the Apple Podcasts Sci-Fi chart, and later reached #1. In 2023 the podcast won the Webby for Best Scripted Fiction Podcast. In 2025 Audible released the title as an audiobook, and then contracted Lawson to adapt two of N.K. Jemisin's short stories into an audiodrama, released in 2025 as Amorph. On television, she is best known for the role of Yolanda Hamilton, the derelict mother of Devon Hamilton (Bryton James) on The Young and the Restless.

Bryton James
Bryton Eric McClure (born August 17, 1986), also credited as Bryton James and mononymously as Bryton, is an American musical theater, film and television actor. As a child actor, he played Richie Crawford on the ABC/CBS sitcom Family Matters. He currently plays Devon Hamilton on the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless for which he won two Daytime Emmy Awards.
Yngve
Yngve is a Scandinavian male given name, mostly used in Sweden and Norway. It is the modern form of either Old Norse  Yngvi or of Ingwin.
Yngvi was the Old Norse name of the Germanic god Ingu-, later identified with Freyr, or of Ingwian- "belonging to the tribe of the Ingvaeones" (who were in turn named after Ingu-.

The name is most common among Swedish men over the age of 50, and occurs almost exclusively as a middle name among the youngest. Due to its Viking origins, the name was very popular during the 19th century and the national romantic era.

As of 31 December 2005, there are a total of 18,578 Swedes with the name, of which 4756 use it as their main first name. As of 1 January 2006 there are 2370 Norwegians with Yngve as their first name, 1924 of whom use it as their only first name. In Finland there are 1046 people named Yngve.

Its namesday in the Swedish name day list of 2001 is 11 February.

Name day
In Christianity, a name day is a tradition in many countries of Europe and the Americas, as well as Christian communities elsewhere. It consists of celebrating a day of the year that is associated with one's baptismal name, which is normatively that of a biblical character or other saint. Where they are popular, individuals celebrate both their name day and their birthday in a given year.

The custom originated with the Christian calendar of saints: believers named after a saint would celebrate that saint's feast day. Within Christianity, name days have greater resonance in areas where the Christian denominations of Catholicism, Lutheranism and Orthodoxy predominate.

In some countries, however, name-day celebrations do not have a connection to explicitly Christian traditions.
Mikrani
Mikrani  (Nepali: मिकरानी; Urdu: مکرانی) are a Muslim community mainly settled in the Sarlahi and Rautahat districts of Nepal, Bijnor, Moradabad and Bareily in Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar, and Gujarat in India, Rajshahi, Gaibandha, Dinajpur and Old Dhaka in Bangladesh as well as in Pakistan and Afghanistan. They are also known as Mukeri, Barmaki, Ranki and Muzkeri. They belong to the Muker tribe and the Mikrani title is mostly used in Nepal, India and Bangladesh while some also use Mukeri or Miya Mukeri.

Gaibandha District
Gaibandha District (Bengali: গাইবান্ধা জেলা) is a district in northern Bangladesh, located within Rangpur Division. Covering an area of 2,179.27 square kilometers (841.42 sq mi), it had a population of 2,562,232 as of the 2022 census. The district's administrative headquarters and largest urban center is Gaibandha town. Originally established as a subdivision in 1875 under the name Bhabaniganj, it was renamed Gaibandha in the same year. On February 15, 1984, Gaibandha was officially upgraded to district status. The district is known for its agricultural production, particularly rice, jute, and vegetables, and is situated at the confluence of several major rivers, including the Jamuna, Teesta, and Brahmaputra.
Digby Rowland Albemarle Bettington
Digby Rowland Albemarle Bettington KPM was a Commissioner of Police in the Gold Coast.

He attended the United Services College in North Devon, United Kingdom between 1889 and 1897.

Bettington succeeded E. V. Collins following his death when the ship he was sailing on was hit during World War I

Bettington continued as Commissioner of Police in the Gold Coast until 1924. His service led to him being awarded the King's Police Medal in the 1920 New Year Honours list. His successor was H. W. M. Bamford.

1920 New Year Honours
The New Year Honours 1920 were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by members of the British Empire. They were published on 1 January 1920 and 30 March 1920 (referred to as the 1920 civilian war honours).

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.