hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Probang
A probang is a surgical tool 30 to 40 cm long consisting of a flexible rod with a  sponge in the end used to remove foreign bodies or obstructions from the oesophagus. Its invention is credited to Walter Rumsey (1584–1660), who invented it in the 17th century.   Rumsey's probang was originally made using a long, slender rod of whalebone.  A piece of sponge was attached to one end and the tool which was used to push foreign bodies (lodged in the oesophagus) into the stomach.

In addition to their use in human surgery, probangs are also used by veterinarians on cattle, to reach obstructions and either force them along the oesophagus by (gently and carefully) using the probang as a ram or, by using a hollow probang into which a rod with a corkscrew is attached, extract objects such as pieces of potato or turnip too long for the paunch.

Corkscrew
A corkscrew is a tool for drawing corks from wine bottles and other household bottles that may be sealed with corks. In its traditional form, a corkscrew simply consists of a pointed metallic helix (often called the "worm") attached to a handle, which the user screws into the cork and pulls to extract it. Corkscrews are necessary because corks themselves, being small and smooth, are difficult to grip and remove, particularly when inserted fully into an inflexible glass bottle. More recent styles of corkscrew incorporate various systems of levers that further increase the amount of force that can be applied outwards upon the cork, making the extraction of difficult corks easier.
Pak Business Express
The Pak Business Express (Urdu: پاک کاروبار اکسپريس ), often abbreviated as Business Express, is a daily express train service between in Pakistan between the cities of Karachi and Lahore, which is one of the busiest routes in the country. It was inaugurated by the then Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gilani on 4 January 2012.

The total traveling time of the route was 19 hours 30 minutes, on a total traveling distance of 1,214 kilometres (754 mi).

Lahore Junction railway station
Lahore Junction Railway Station (Urdu, Punjabi: لاہور جنکشن ریلوے اسٹیشن), is the main railway station in Lahore, Pakistan. It is among the oldest railway stations of the Indian subcontinent. Construction commenced shortly after the 1857 War of Independence. It was built in the style of a medieval fort with thick walls, turrets, and holes to direct gun and cannon fire for the defence of the structure.

It is located at the junction between Circular Road and Allama Iqbal Road and bounded on the north side by the old Grand Trunk Road. The station is now owned by Pakistan Railways, and also serves as its headquarters.
Alagwa people
The Alagwa (Swahili: Waasi; Rangi: Vaasi; Iraqw: Alawa) are a Cushitic ethnic group mostly based in the Kondoa District (Alagwa: Ulàa) of the Dodoma Region in central Tanzania, an area well known for rock art. Smaller numbers of Alagwa reside in the Hanang district of the Manyara Region in Tanzania, as well. They speak the Alagwa language as a mother tongue, which belongs to the South Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. In 2022, the Alagwa population was estimated to number 52,816 individuals, and Mous (2016) estimates the number of speakers to be slightly over 10,000.

Some of the Alagwa have mixed with communities of Gorowa, Sandawe, Datooga, and Rangi. Many Alagwa speak the Rangi language and the two groups have both influenced each other. Many of the Alagwa are Muslims, following from an extended period of interactions with Swahili traders in Kondoa in the 19th century.

Hanang District, Manyara
Hanang District is one of the six districts of the Manyara Region of Tanzania. It is bordered to the north by the Mbulu District and Babati Rural District, to the southeast by the Dodoma Region and to the southwest by the Singida Region. Mount Hanang is located within the boundaries of the district.

According to the 2002 Tanzania National Census, the population of the Hanang District was 205,133. According to the 2022 Tanzania National Census, the population of Hanang District was 367,391.

The District Commissioner of the Hanang District is Moses B. Sanga.
Idrija pri Bači
Idrija pri Bači (pronounced [ˈiːdɾija pɾi ˈbaːtʃi]) is a village on the right bank of the Idrijca River in the Municipality of Tolmin in the Littoral region of Slovenia.

The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to John the Baptist and belongs to the Koper Diocese.

Archaeological excavations near the settlement in the late 19th century revealed a late Iron Age (5th century BC) necropolis of 47 graves with finds of tools and inscriptions in Venetic.

Koper
Koper (Slovene: [ˈkòːpəɾ] ⓘ; Italian: Capodistria) is the fifth-largest city in Slovenia. Located in the Istrian region in the southwestern part of the country, Koper is the main urban center of the Slovene coast. The Port of Koper is the country's only container port and a major contributor to the economy of the Municipality of Koper. The city is a destination for a number of Mediterranean cruising lines.

Koper is also one of the main road entry points into Slovenia from Italy, which lies to the north of the municipality. The main motorway crossing is at Spodnje Škofije to the north of the city of Koper. The motorway continues into Rabuiese and Trieste. Koper also has a rail connection with the capital city, Ljubljana. On the coast, there is a crossing at Lazaret into Lazzaretto in Muggia municipality in Trieste province. The Italian border crossing is known as San Bartolomeo.
Scott Shields (activist)
Scott Shields (born 1978) is an American blogger and Democratic Party political activist. Born in Englewood, New Jersey in 1978, he grew up in Morris County, NJ and graduated from Montville Township High School. He rose to prominence in 2005 as a front-page writer for MyDD covering, among other topics, health care politics, labor rights, and the 2005 New Jersey Governor's race.

In 2006, Shields was employed with the campaign of US Senator Bob Menendez in New Jersey.  During the campaign, his work was profiled in The Philadelphia Inquirer, The Record of Bergen County, and The New Yorker.  He was named one of the years' "Top Political Operatives" by the website PoliticsNJ.com.

His writing can also be seen on MyDD, Daily Kos, BlueJersey, and other prominent blogs.

Daily Kos
Daily Kos (/koʊz/ KOHZ) is a group blog and internet forum focused on the U.S. Democratic Party and on liberal and progressive American politics. The site publishes blog posts, polls, election and campaign fundraising data, and is considered an example of "netroots" activism.

Daily Kos was founded in 2002 by Markos Moulitsas and takes the name Kos from the last syllable of his first name, his nickname while in the military.
Koto Driver's License Center
Koto Driver's License Center (江東運転免許試験場, Kōtō unten menkyo shikenjō) is a driver's license examination site managed by the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department and located in Kōtō Ward, Tokyo, Japan. Since there are no on-site examination courses, driver's license examinations are only for those who have graduated from designated driving schools in Japan. Training is carried out by borrowing a designated driving school nearby. The center opened in 1984.

It is one of only three centers in Tokyo, along with Samezu Driver's License Center (Shinagawa) and Fuchu Driver's License Center (Fuchū), where foreigners can get a driving license.

Fuchū, Tokyo
Fuchū (府中市, Fuchū-shi) is a city located in the western portion of the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. Fuchū serves as a regional commercial center and a commuter town for workers in central Tokyo. The city hosts large scale manufacturing facilities for Toshiba, NEC and Suntory, as well as the Bank of Japan's main computer operations center. Local sporting attractions include the Tokyo Racecourse and the training grounds of Top League rugby teams Toshiba Brave Lupus and Suntory Sungoliath.

As of 1 August 2025, the city had an estimated population of 264,534, and a population density of 8,989 persons per square kilometer. The total area of the city is 29.43 square kilometres (11.36 sq mi).
Relicina
Relicina is a genus of foliose lichens belonging to the large family Parmeliaceae. Established as a genus in 1974 after initially being treated as a series within Parmelia, Relicina now encompasses about 40 species worldwide. These lichens typically grow as yellow-green, leaf-like patches with flat lobes fringed by short black hairs, attaching to their substrate by a swollen base. The genus is characterized chemically by the presence of usnic acid and various other lichen products, and is distinguished from related groups by details of ascospore structure and surface features.

Pycnidium
A pycnidium (plural pycnidia) is an asexual fruiting body produced by mitosporic fungi, for instance in the order Sphaeropsidales (Deuteromycota, Coelomycetes) or order Pleosporales (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes). It is often spherical or inversely pearshaped (obpyriform) and its internal cavity is lined with conidiophores. When ripe, an opening generally appears at the top, through which the pycnidiospores escape.
Golokhvastovo, Voronovskoye Settlement, Troitsky Administrative Okrug, Moscow
Golokhvastovo (Russian: Голохвастово) is a village in Voronovskoye Settlement, Troitsky Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow, Russia. Population:  43 (2010 census); 20 (2002 census);

The name comes from the names of 17th-century village owners, Alexei Golokhvastov and Bogdan Golokhvastov. However, their surname most likely came from the non-calendar personal name Golokhvast.

In March 2020, the construction of an infectious diseases hospital for those suffering from COVID-19 began near the village.

In April 2020, the hospital complex was put into operation, and received the official name of the Voronovskoye Moscow Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases. It was subordinate to the GKB named after I.I. V.P. Demikhova.

Troitsky Administrative Okrug
55°29′29″N 37°18′33″E﻿ / ﻿55.49139°N 37.30917°E﻿ / 55.49139; 37.30917

Troitsky Administrative Okrug (Russian: Троицкий административный округ) is one of the twelve administrative okrugs of Moscow. The okrug was founded on July 1, 2012.
Diö
Diö (Swedish: [ˈdîːœ]) is a locality situated in Älmhult Municipality, Kronoberg County, Sweden with 899 inhabitants in 2010.

Diö is situated 10 km north of the town Älmhult.

Diö's most important employer is the wheelchair manufacturer Rea Stolen Invacare. The area is also home to the Gemla Möbel AB furniture factory.

Diö Hockey, playing in the Swedish third division, is the village's most famous sports team.

Urban areas in Sweden
An urban area or tätort (lit. 'dense locality') in Sweden has a minimum of 200 inhabitants and may be a city, town or larger village. It is a purely statistical concept, not defined by any municipal or county boundaries. Larger urban areas synonymous with cities or towns (Swedish: stad for both terms) for statistical purposes have a minimum of 10,000 inhabitants. The same statistical definition is also used for urban areas in the other Nordic countries.

In 2018, there were nearly two thousand urban areas in Sweden, which were inhabited by 87% of the Swedish population.

Urban area is a common English translation of the Swedish term tätort. The official term in English used by Statistics Sweden is, however, "locality" (Swedish: ort). It could be compared with "census-designated places" in the United States.
Matthew Bowyer
Matthew Bowyer (born 25 July 1973) is an English cricketer.  Bowyer is a right-handed batsman.  He was born in Eastbourne, Sussex.

Bowyer made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 1996 Minor Counties Championship against Hertfordshire.  Bowyer played Minor counties cricket for Buckinghamshire from 1996 to 2003, which included 12 Minor Counties Championship matches and 10 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. In 1997, he made his List A debut against Essex in the NatWest Trophy.  He played 4 further List A matches for Buckinghamshire, the last coming against Gloucestershire in the 2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy. In his 5 List A matches, he scored 114 runs at a batting average of 22.80, with a high score of 43.

1997 NatWest Trophy
The 1997 NatWest Trophy was the 17th NatWest Trophy.  It was an English limited overs county cricket tournament which was held between 24 June and 7 September 1997. The tournament was won by Essex County Cricket Club who defeated Warwickshire County Cricket Club by 9 wickets in the final at Lord's.
Ali Akbar Sarfaraz
Ali Akbar Sarfaraz (Persian: علی‌اکبر سرافراز; 1927 – 9 February 2024) was an Iranian archaeologist.

Sarfaraz was once a member of the Archaeological Service of Iran.

In 1962, Sarfaraz was a member of a team that excavated an Iron Age site in Yanik Tepe. The excavation uncovered an artifact made of bone and resembling a pair of spectacles buried with the body of a girl. If, as Sarfaraz hypothesized, this artifact once held lenses, they would represent the earliest known use of corrective lenses.

From 1976 to 1977, Sarfaraz led a "rescue excavation" at Khatunban after artifacts plundered from the site were confiscated.
In 1999, Sarfaraz directed the excavation of Charkhab Palace of Cyrus the Great.

Sarfaraz died on 9 February 2024, at the age of 96.

Corrective lens
A corrective lens is a transmissive optical device that is worn on the eye to improve visual perception. The most common use is to treat refractive errors: myopia, hypermetropia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. Glasses or "spectacles" are worn on the face a short distance in front of the eye. Contact lenses are worn directly on the surface of the eye. Intraocular lenses are surgically implanted most commonly after cataract removal but can be used for purely refractive purposes.
David Brennan
David Brennan is a Dublin-born Gaelic footballer who plays for Laois under the parentage rule. His father Dessie was a famous player in the 1970s for both Laois and St Joseph's.

At club level, Brennan usually lines out at centre half back with St Mary's GAA (Dublin).

In 2007, his performances at club level earned him a call up to the Laois senior football squad from new manager, Liam Kearns.

He had previously been part of the Laois senior squad in 2001, 2002 and 2004, missing out in 2003 as Laois won the Leinster Senior Football Championship.

St Mary's GAA (Dublin)
St Mary's is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Saggart, County Dublin, Ireland. Founded in 1906, Mary's have won the Dublin Senior Football Championship on one occasion in 1921. Since then they had been relegated to the Dublin Intermediate Football Championship and regained their senior status in 1976 and have remained a Senior club ever since. St Mary's currently play in the Dublin AFL Division 1.

Five St Mary's players were on the Dublin team which won the 1942 All Ireland Final against Galway. The five players were Paddy Bermingham, Gerry Fitzgerald, Peter O'Reilly, Caleb Crone and Paddy O'Connor. Caleb Crone also won an All-Ireland medal with Cork in 1945.
Alexandre Étard
Alexandre Léon Étard (5 January 1852 – 1 May 1910) was a French chemist. He was born on 5 January 1852 in Alençon, and died on 1 May 1910 in Paris.

Étard was a preparer at the Wurtz Laboratory at École Pratique des Hautes Études, and became a member of the Société de Chimie Industrielle in 1875. He studied at the Sorbonne, and earned a Doctorate in Physical Sciences in 1880.

Étard discovered the oxidation reaction of methyl groups linked to aromatic rings or to heterocycles using chromyl chloride, known as the Étard reaction. Chromyl chloride is sometimes also called "Étard reagent."

Heterocyclic compound
A heterocyclic compound or ring structure is a hydrocarbon-based cyclic compound that contains at least one heteroatom as member(s) of its ring(s). Heterocyclic organic chemistry is the branch of organic chemistry dealing with the synthesis, properties, and applications of organic heterocycles.

Examples of heterocyclic compounds include all of the nucleic acids, the majority of drugs, most biomass (cellulose and related materials), and many natural and synthetic dyes.  More than half of known compounds are heterocycles.  59% of US FDA-approved drugs contain nitrogen heterocycles.
Belfiore martyrs
45°9′24″N 10°46′19″E﻿ / ﻿45.15667°N 10.77194°E﻿ / 45.15667; 10.77194

The Belfiore martyrs were a group of pro-independence fighters condemned to death by hanging between 1852 and 1853 during the Italian Risorgimento. They included Tito Speri and the priest Enrico Tazzoli and are named after the site where the sentence was carried out, in the valley of Belfiore at the south entrance to Mantua. The hanging was the first in a long series of death sentences imposed by Josef Radetzky, governor general of Lombardy–Venetia. As a whole these sentences marked the culmination of Austrian repression after the First Italian War of Independence and marked the failure of all re-pacification policies.

Giovanni Corti
Giovanni Corti (14 April 1797 - 12 December 1868) was an Italian priest who became Bishop of Mantua. He supported the cause of Italian reunification at a time when his diocese was under Austrian rule, although he defended the temporal powers of the Pope.
Sarah Forster
Sarah Forster (born 19 May 1993) is a Swiss ice hockey player and member of the Swiss national team who played in the now defunct Premier Hockey Federation (PHF) with the Metropolitan Riveters. A three-time Olympian, she won a bronze medal with Switzerland in the women's ice hockey tournament at the 2014 Winter Olympics and competed in the women's ice hockey tournament at the 2018 Winter Olympics and the women's ice hockey tournament at the 2022 Winter Olympics. Forster has participated in seven IIHF Women's World Championships during 2012 to 2021, and won a bronze medal at the 2012 tournament.

2012 IIHF Women's World Championship
The 2012 IIHF Women's World Championship was the 14th edition of the Top Division of the Women's Ice Hockey World Championship (the 15th edition overall, if the season when only the lower divisions were played is also counted), organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF).

The Top Division tournament took place in Vermont, United States, at the Gutterson Fieldhouse in Burlington, and the Cairns Arena in South Burlington, from April 7 to 14, 2012, and was hosted by USA Hockey. The competition also served as qualifications for the 2013 competition, and the 2014 Olympics.

Canada won their record-extending tenth title by defeating the three-time defending champions United States 5–4 in overtime. Caroline Ouellette scored the decisive goal. The Americans defeated the Canadians 9–2 in the group stage earlier in the tournament. The Swiss team, by finishing third, captured their first ever Women's World Championship medal.
Wendell Rodricks
Wendell Rodricks (28 May 1960 – 12 February 2020) was an Indian fashion designer and author based in Colvale, Goa. He was also an activist for social causes, environment and gay rights. In 2014, the Government of India awarded him its fourth-highest civilian award, the Padma Shri.

Malaika Arora
Malaika Arora (born 23 October 1973) is an Indian actress, dancer, model, video jockey, and television personality who appears in Hindi-language films. She made her debut as a film producer in 2008 with her former husband Arbaaz Khan, founding the company Arbaaz Khan Productions, which created the Dabangg film series. As an actress, she has starred in films like Kaante (2002) and EMI (2008). She also performed in the songs Chaiyya Chaiyya (1998), Gur Naalo Ishq Mitha (1998), Maahi Ve (2002), Kaal Dhamaal (2005) and Munni Badnaam Hui (2010).
Rue de Berne
Rue de Berne is a street situated in down town Geneva, Switzerland, located in the popular and multicultural quarter of Les Pâquis on the right bank (Rive droite) of the Lake Geneva and the Rhone, near the railway station of Cornavin. Les Pâquis are known for night life, cafés and is the most multi-cultural part of Geneva.

La rue de Berne has several restaurants, bars, hotels, cabarets, brothels and sex shops. Several Arab, Turkish, Chinese, Portuguese, Thai, Indian, Italian and Swiss restaurants are spread in and around the street making it one of the best places in Geneva for dining out.  It is known as "the hip part of town".

Rhône
The Rhône (/roʊn/ ROHN, French: [ʁon] ⓘ; Occitan: Ròse; Arpitan: Rôno) is a major river in France and Switzerland, rising in the Alps and flowing west and south through Lake Geneva and Southeastern France before discharging into the Mediterranean Sea (Gulf of Lion). At Arles, near its mouth, the river divides into the Great Rhône (French: le Grand Rhône; Occitan: Grand Ròse) and the Little Rhône (le Petit Rhône; Pichon Ròse). The resulting delta forms the Camargue region.

The river's source is the Rhône Glacier, at the eastern edge of the Swiss canton of Valais. The glacier is part of the Saint-Gotthard Massif, which gives rise to three other major rivers: the Reuss, Rhine and Ticino.

The Rhône is, with the Po and the Nile, one of the three Mediterranean rivers with the largest water discharge.
Quincy Notre Dame High School
Quincy Notre Dame High School is a private, Roman Catholic co-educational high school in Quincy, Illinois, United States, founded in 1867, serving upper school students in grades 9-12.  It is located in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Springfield in Illinois.  The curriculum is college preparatory.

Educational stage
Educational stages are subdivisions of formal learning, typically covering early childhood education, primary education, secondary education and tertiary education. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recognizes nine levels of education in its International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) system (from Level 0 (pre-primary education) through Level 8 (doctoral)). UNESCO's International Bureau of Education maintains a database of country-specific education systems and their stages. Some countries divide levels of study into grades or forms for school children in the same year.
Land and Freedom Column
The Land and Freedom Column was a militia column organized by the CNT-FAI from the regions of Berguedà and Bages as well as from Barcelona. The column was sent to the Central front in mid-September 1936 to reinforce the republican line against a nationalist force. It had around 1,500 militiamen in its beginnings. The column integrated into the Rosal Column and later fought on the Serra de Montsant front. After the militarization that occurred in the spring of 1937, the column became the 153rd Mixed Brigade.

Bages
Bages (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈbaʒəs]) is a comarca (county) in the central region of Catalonia, Spain. The capital is the city of Manresa (province of Barcelona).

Industries include the mining of potash at Súria and Sallent, and the manufacture of textiles along the rivers Llobregat and Cardener. Agriculture includes vineyards, cereals, and olive groves.

To the north are Berguedà and (running clockwise) Lluçanès, Moianès, and Vallès Occidental. To the south are Baix Llobregat, Anoia and Solsonès. In May 2015, Bages lost five municipalities - Calders, L'Estany, Moià, Monistrol de Calders, Santa Maria d'Oló - to the new comarca of Moianès.