hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Laurent Giles
John Laurent Giles (1901–1969) was an English naval architect who was particularly famous for his sailing yachts. He and his company, Laurent Giles & Partners Ltd, have designed more than 1400 boats from cruisers and racing yachts to megayachts.

Naval architecture
Naval architecture, or naval engineering, is an engineering discipline incorporating elements of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software and safety engineering as applied to the engineering design process, shipbuilding, maintenance, and operation of marine vessels and structures. Naval architecture involves basic and applied research, design, development, design evaluation (classification) and calculations during all stages of the life of a marine vehicle. Preliminary design of the vessel, its detailed design, construction, trials, operation and maintenance, launching and dry-docking are the main activities involved. Ship design calculations are also required for ships being modified (by means of conversion, rebuilding, modernization, or repair). Naval architecture also involves formulation of safety regulations and damage-control rules and the approval and certification of ship designs to meet statutory and non-statutory requirements.
Goldbach Tunnels
The Goldbach Tunnels (Ger: Goldbacher Stollen) was constructed between June 1944 and April 1945 by inmates of the Überlingen-Aufkirch concentration camp of the Dachau concentration camp under forced labor conditions. It was built into the Molasse rock formation between the village of Goldbach(de) and Überlingen on the northern shore of the Lake Überlingen (part of Lake Constance). The facility was intended to serve as an underground relocation site for war-critical armaments industries from Friedrichshafen, located about 35 kilometers southeast.

Friedrichshafen
Friedrichshafen (German pronunciation: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪçsˌhaːfn̩] or [fʁiːdʁɪçsˈhaːfn̩] ⓘ; Low Alemannic: Hafe or Fridrichshafe) is a city on the northern shoreline of Lake Constance (the Bodensee) in Southern Germany, near the borders of both Switzerland and Austria. It is the district capital (Kreisstadt) of the Bodensee district in the federal state of Baden-Württemberg. Friedrichshafen has a population of about 63,000.
Prince Gyasi
Prince Gyasi Nyantakyi also known by the artist name Prince Gyasi is a Ghanaian international visual artist. He is the co-founder of Boxedkids, a non-profit organization helping kids from Accra get an education.

Off-White (company)
Off-White (stylized as Off-White™ or OFF-WHITE c/o VIRGIL ABLOH™) is an Italian luxury fashion brand founded by American fashion designer and entrepreneur Virgil Abloh in Milan in 2013. In September 2024, LVMH sold it to brand management company Bluestar Alliance.
Dum (2016 film)
Dum is a 2016 Indian Malayalam-language film, written and directed by Anuram. The film stars Shine Tom Chacko, Lal, Joju George, Shritha Sivadas, Parvathi T, and Sreejith Ravi. Thiruvananthapuram and Kochi were the major locations of the film. The film released on 26 August 2016.

Shritha Sivadas
Shritha Sivadas is an actress and television presenter who works in Malayalam and Tamil-language films. She made her debut in Sugeeth's Ordinary (2012). After long back  she made a comeback through Dhilluku Dhuddu 2 in 2019.
Alzenau
Alzenau (German: [ˈaltsənaʊ] ⓘ; until 31 December 2006 officially Alzenau i.UFr.) is a town in the north of the Aschaffenburg district in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) in Bavaria, Germany. Until 1 July 1972, Alzenau was the district seat of the now abolished district of the same name and has a population of around 19,000.

Regierungsbezirk
A Regierungsbezirk (German pronunciation: [ʁeˈɡiːʁʊŋsbəˌtsɪʁk] ⓘ, pl. Regierungsbezirke, German pronunciation: [ʁeˈɡiːʁʊŋsbəˌtsɪʁkə], lit. 'governmental district') is a type of administrative division in Germany. Currently, four of the sixteen Länder (states of Germany) are split into Regierungsbezirke, each in turn split into rural or urban districts.

Regierungsbezirke serve as regional mid-level local government units in four of Germany's sixteen states: Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia. Each of the nineteen Regierungsbezirke features a non-legislative governing body called a Regierungspräsidium (governing presidium) or Bezirksregierung (district government) headed by a Regierungspräsident (governing president), concerned mostly with administrative decisions on a local level for districts within its jurisdiction. Saxony has Direktionsbezirke (directorate districts) with more responsibilities shifted from the state parliament.
Tipton Catastrophe
The Tipton Catastrophe or Dudley Port explosion was a 1922 munitions explosion in the South Staffordshire town of Tipton, England, in which 19 teenaged girls, working in an unlicensed and unsafe factory, died. The works' head manager was imprisoned for manslaughter. Several memorials commemorate the victims.

South Staffordshire
South Staffordshire is a local government district in Staffordshire, England. Its council is based in Codsall. Other notable settlements include Brewood, Cheslyn Hay, Coven, Essington, Featherstone, Four Ashes, Great Wyrley, Huntington, Kinver, Landywood, Penkridge, Perton, Wedges Mills, Weston-under-Lizard and Wombourne. The district covers a largely rural area lying immediately to the west and north-west of the West Midlands conurbation.

The neighbouring districts are Stafford, Cannock Chase, Walsall, Wolverhampton, Dudley, Bromsgrove, Wyre Forest, Shropshire and Telford and Wrekin.
Wells High School
Wells High School is a public school located in Wells, Maine, United States. It has an enrollment of 423 students in grades 9 through 12.   The school primarily serves students from Wells, as well as smaller numbers of students from Ogunquit, which was part of the town of Wells until 1980 and has never had its own high school. From 1968 until 2006, Wells High School also served students from the town of Acton, which has also never had a high school of its own.

For the 2013–2014 school year, Wells High School had a graduation rate of 100% — the highest graduation rate of any public high school in Maine. It is ranked 26th in best high schools in Maine, according to U.S. News & World Report. The Maine Department of Education also ranks Wells High School in the top 10 statewide, and #1 in York County.

Wells High School is the sole high school in the Wells-Ogunquit Community School District, and is also home to the district's adult education and distance education programs.

Ogunquit, Maine
Ogunquit (/oʊˈɡʌŋkwɪt/ oh-GUNG-kwit) is a resort town in York County, Maine, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,577. Ogunquit is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford metropolitan area.
2018 Keio Challenger – Men's doubles
Marin and Tomislav Draganja were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Tobias Kamke and Tim Pütz won the title after defeating Sanchai and Sonchat Ratiwatana 3–6, 7–5, [12–10] in the final.

Tomislav Draganja
Tomislav Draganja (Croatian pronunciation: [tǒmislaʋ drǎɡaɲa]; born 10 August 1994) is a Croatian former tennis player. Draganja primarily focused on doubles, where had a career high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 115 achieved on 26 February 2018.

He mainly competed on the ATP Challenger Tour. Draganja won 4 Challenger doubles titles and 9 ITF Futures doubles titles on the ITF Men's Circuit.

Draganja made his ATP main draw debut in doubles at the 2016 Croatia Open Umag, receiving doubles main draw wildcard alongside Nino Serdarušić.

His older brother is professional tennis player Marin Draganja.
Violet-throated metaltail
The violet-throated metaltail (Metallura baroni), locally called metalura gorjivioleta, is an Endangered species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to Ecuador.

Lesbiinae
Lesbiinae is one of the six subfamilies that make up the hummingbird family Trochilidae.

The subfamily is divided into two tribes: Heliantheini ("brilliants") containing 14 genera and Lesbiini ("coquettes") containing 18 genera.
Dippishausen-Oftershausen
Dippishausen-Oftershausen is a former municipality in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.

The municipality contained the villages Dippishausen, Oftershausen and Bätershausen. It was named just Oftershausen until 1900, when it changed its name to just Dippishausen. In 1953 the name Dippishausen-Oftershausen was created.

The municipality had 140 inhabitants in 1850. It decreased to 118 in 1900 before returning to 140 in 1950, but in 1980 it was down again, to 121.

In 1984 the municipality was incorporated into the neighboring municipality Siegershausen. In 1996, Siegershausen was in turn merged with other neighboring municipalities; Dippishausen and Oftershausen is now a part of the larger municipality Kemmental.

Thurgau
Thurgau (/ˈtʊərɡaʊ/ TOOR-gow, Swiss Standard German: [ˈtuːrɡaʊ] ⓘ; French: Thurgovie; Italian: Turgovia; Romansh: Turgovia), anglicized as Thurgovia, and formally as the Canton of Thurgau, is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of five districts. Its capital is Frauenfeld.

Thurgau is part of Eastern Switzerland. It is named after the river Thur, and the name Thurgovia was historically used for a larger area, including part of this river's basin upstream of the modern canton. The area of what is now Thurgau was acquired as subject territories by the cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy from the mid 15th century. Thurgau was first declared a canton in its own right at the formation of the Helvetic Republic in 1798.

The population, as of December 2020, is 282,909. In 2007, there were a total of 47,390 resident foreigners, constituting 19.9% of the population.
2018 South Dakota Attorney General election
The 2018 South Dakota Attorney General election was held on November 6, 2018. Incumbent attorney general Marty Jackley was term-limited and ran for governor of South Dakota. In June 2018, the South Dakota Republican party nominated Jason Ravnsborg for attorney general, and the Democratic party nominated Randy Seiler. Ravnsborg won the election to become the 31st attorney general of South Dakota.

Marty Jackley
Martin Jacob Jackley (born October 13, 1970) is an American attorney and politician who is serving as the Attorney General of South Dakota since 2023, having previously served from 2009 to 2019. He assumed office as Attorney General again in 2023 after winning the 2022 election unopposed. He previously served as the 39th United States Attorney for the District of South Dakota.  He ran unsuccessfully for Governor of South Dakota in 2018, losing the Republican primary to Kristi Noem.
Sewell Avery
Sewell Lee Avery (November 4, 1874 – October 31, 1960)  was an American businessman who achieved early prominence in gypsum mining and became president of the United States Gypsum Company (1905–1936). At the beginning of the Depression, he was asked by J.P. Morgan & Co. to turn around the failing Montgomery Ward and succeeded in restoring its profitability by making huge changes. In 1936, Fortune magazine said that Avery was "generally held to be the No. 1 Chicago businessman." In the postwar years, however, he failed to take advantage of the demand for durable goods and did not expand Montgomery Ward, costing it prominence in the retail field.

Avery was active in Chicago civil activities, for instance, supporting the Commercial Club's plan for a Museum of Science and Industry and serving as its first president. He was also prominent in social circles, and in 1912 founded the private Lincoln Park Gun Club with Oscar F. Mayer, Philip K. Wrigley, and other prominent Chicagoans.

Philip K. Wrigley
Philip Knight Wrigley (December 5, 1894 – April 12, 1977) was an American chewing gum manufacturer and a Major League Baseball executive, inheriting both of those roles as the son of William Wrigley Jr.
Antoine Davion
Antoine Davion was originally from Saint-Omer in Artois, France.  He served in various churches on the Île d'Orléans in Québec before departing for the Mississippi River in 1698 to help establish missions among the indigenous peoples. He would serve among the Tunica Indians from 1699 until about 1722 when he would retire to New Orleans.  He would return to France and die among his family in 1726.

Artois
Artois (/ɑːrˈtwɑː/ ar-TWAH, French: [aʁtwɑ]; Dutch: Artesië; Picard: Artoé; English adjective: Artesian) is a region of northern France. Its territory covers an area of about 4,000 km2 and it has a population of about one million. Its principal cities include Arras (Dutch: Atrecht), Saint-Omer, Lens, and Béthune. It is the eponym for the term Artesian.
Ren Sato (racing driver)
Ren Sato (佐藤蓮, Satō Ren; born 5 August 2001) is a Japanese racing driver who currently competes in Super GT for ARTA and in Super Formula for PONOS Nakajima Racing. He is a factory driver for Honda, and a former member of the Red Bull Junior Team and Honda Formula Dream Project.

He is not related to two-time Indianapolis 500 winner Takuma Sato or sports car racer Marino Sato.

Ponos Corporation
The PONOS Corporation is a Japanese video game developer and publisher mainly known for their free-to-play tower defense mobile game The Battle Cats.

It was founded in 1990 in Kyoto as an image processing company but pivoted to game development primarily for mobile phones. Their most popular game, The Battle Cats, was launched on the year of the company founder's death, in 2012. The company was inherited by his son, Yorikatsu Tsujiko who remains as the current CEO.

Under his leadership, the company started investing in professional auto racing, sponsoring Williams Racing and Red Bull Racing in the early 2020's. In 2021, Tsujiko founded PONOS Racing and began his career as a driver.
Iwa Koesoemasoemantri
Iwa Koesoemasoemantri (Perfected Spelling: Iwa Kusumasumantri; also Kusuma Sumantri; 31 May 1899 – 27 November 1971) was an Indonesian politician. Born in Ciamis, West Java, Iwa graduated from legal school in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) and Netherlands before spending time at a school in the Soviet Union. After returning to Indonesia he established himself as a lawyer, nationalist, and, later, a figure for workers' rights. During the first twenty years of Indonesia's independence Iwa held several cabinet positions. After retiring he continued to write. In 2002 Iwa was declared a National Hero of Indonesia.

Indonesian orthography
Indonesian orthography refers to the official spelling system used in the Indonesian language. The current system uses the Latin script and is called Ejaan yang Disempurnakan (EYD), commonly translated as Enhanced Spelling, Perfected Spelling or Improved Spelling.
Levelwood, Saint Helena
Levelwood  is one of eight districts of the island of Saint Helena, part of the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha in the South Atlantic Ocean. In 2008 it had a population of 316, compared to a population of 376 in 1998, and is rural in nature.

Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha is a British Overseas Territory located in the South Atlantic and consisting of the island of Saint Helena, Ascension Island, and the archipelago of Tristan da Cunha (including Gough Island). Its name was Saint Helena and Dependencies until 1 September 2009, when a new constitution came into force, giving the three islands equal status as three territories, with a grouping under the Crown.
Russell Heap
Russell Heap (born 6 December 1968) is an English former first-class cricketer.

Heap was born at Leeds and was educated at Ipswich School, before going up to Magdalene College, Cambridge. While studying at Cambridge, he made his debut in first-class cricket for Cambridge University against Essex at Fenner's in 1988. He played first-class cricket for Cambridge until 1990, making a further nineteen appearances. He scored 669 runs in his twenty matches, at an average of 20.90.

Heap made his highest first-class score of 63 in the first innings of Cambridge's victory over Sussex in 1990, and in the second innings he hit a six to win the match. It was Cambridge's first victory over a county side for eight years. In addition to playing first-class cricket, Heap also played minor counties cricket for Suffolk in 1988 and 1989, making four appearances in the Minor Counties Championship.

Boundary (cricket)
In cricket, the boundary is the perimeter of a playing field. It is also the term given to a scoring shot where the ball is hit to, or beyond, that perimeter, which generally earns four or six runs for the batting team.

Briefly, if the ball is struck by the batter and rolls or bounces over the boundary (or just touches it) it is known as a "four", and scores four runs, whereas if it flies over (or touches) the boundary, without touching the ground before that, it is called a "six", and scores six runs. There are rules covering every possible situation, including the fairly common one when a fielder is in the air beyond the boundary when they catch or strike the ball with their hand or another part of the body.
Port of Narayanganj
The Port of Narayanganj is a river port in Narayanganj, Bangladesh. It is one of the oldest and busiest river ports in Bangladesh; and one of the major ports of the Bengal delta. The port is located on the Shitalakshya River. The port area is home to numerous industries.

Ganges Delta
The Ganges Delta (also known the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta, the Sundarbans Delta or the Bengal Delta) is a river delta predominantly covering the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent, consisting of Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the world's largest river delta and it empties into the Bay of Bengal with the combined waters of several river systems, mainly those of the Brahmaputra River and the Ganges River. It is also one of the most fertile regions in the world, thus earning the nickname the Green Delta. The delta stretches from the Hooghly River in the west to as far as the Meghna River in the east.
Universities' Police Science Institute
The Universities' Police Science Institute, or UPSI as it is more commonly known, is a joint venture between South Wales Police, Cardiff University and the University of South Wales. UPSI was formed in 2007 to develop research into policing and is now housed as one of four research units within Cardiff University's Security, Crime, and Intelligence Innovation Institute. Since its inception, the UPSI has achieved international renown for its innovations in designing, developing and assessing new solutions to policing problems.

University of South Wales
The University of South Wales (USW; Welsh: Prifysgol De Cymru) is a public university in Wales, with campuses in Cardiff, Newport and Pontypridd. It was formed on 11 April 2013 from the merger of the University of Glamorgan and the University of Wales, Newport. The university is the second largest university in Wales in terms of its student numbers, and offers over 300 undergraduate and postgraduate courses. The university has three main faculties across its campuses in South Wales.
Eleonora Fyodorovna Tyutcheva
Countess Emilia Eleanor Sophie Louise Christina von Bothmer (German: Emilia Eleonore Sophie Louise Christine Gräfin von Bothmer; 19 October 1800 – 27 August 1838) married twice, first to Active State Councillor Alexander Peterson, and secondly to poet Fyodor Tyutchev.

Active State Councillor
Active State Councillor (Russian: действительный статский советник, romanized: deystvitelnyi statskiy sovetnik) was a civil position (class) in the Russian Empire, according to the Table of Ranks introduced by Peter the Great in 1722. That was a civil rank of the 4th class and equal to those of Major-General in the Army, Rear Admiral in the Navy, and the court rank of Chamberlain (up to 1809). The rank gave the right of hereditary nobility. The rank holder should be addressed as Your Excellency (Russian: Ваше Превосходительство, Vashe Prevoskhoditelstvo).
Gene Stone (baseball)
Eugene Daniel Stone (January 16, 1944 – March 1, 2009) was an American professional baseball player. Born in Burbank, California, he was a first baseman who appeared in 18 games in Major League Baseball for the Philadelphia Phillies in 1969. He threw and batted left-handed and was listed as 5 feet 11 inches (1.80 m) tall and 190 pounds (86 kg). He attended Citrus College.

Stone's pro career lasted for five seasons (1963–1964; 1967–1969), all in the Philadelphia system, and he hit 19, 21 and 20 home runs in successive minor-league campaigns. His 18-game MLB stint, in May and June 1969, included five starts at first base. Of his six career hits, one went for extra bases, a triple on June 20 against Lou Marone of the Pittsburgh Pirates.

Stone died in Colorado Springs at the age of 65.

Lou Marone
Louis Stephen Marone (December 3, 1945 – November 27, 2015) was an American professional baseball player, a left-handed relief pitcher who appeared in 30 Major League Baseball games as a member of the 1969–1970 Pittsburgh Pirates. He was the cousin of former major league pitcher John D'Acquisto.
George C. Schoolfield
George C. Schoolfield (August 14, 1925 – July 21, 2016), was a professor emeritus of German and Scandinavian studies who wrote and contributed to over 400 publications on German and Scandinavian literature.

He was born in Charleston, West Virginia, and graduated from the University of Cincinnati in 1946 in Classics and German. After receiving his Ph.D. from Princeton University in German literature in 1949, he taught at Harvard University, Duke University, and the University of Pennsylvania. In 1969, he entered Yale University, where he was appointed director of graduate studies and department chair. The Finnish government knighted him twice. He retired in 1995.

Among the main topics of Schoolfield's work was Finland-Swedish literature.

German studies
German studies is an academic field that researches, documents and disseminates German language, literature, and culture in its historic and present forms. Academic departments of German studies therefore often focus on German culture, German history, and German politics in addition to the language and literature component. Approaches to the discipline vary by country. Modern German studies is usually seen as a combination of two sub-disciplines: German linguistics alongside Germanophone literature and cultural studies.

Common names for "German Studies" for the field within German-speaking countries are Germanistik, Deutsche Philologie, and Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft und Literaturwissenschaft. In English, the terms Germanistics or Germanics are sometimes used (mostly by Germans), but the subject is more often referred to as German studies, German language and literature, or German philology. Academics who specialize in German studies are referred to as Germanists.
Steigenberger Parkhotel Düsseldorf
Steigenberger Parkhotel Düsseldorf (originally the Parkhotel) is a 5-Star Steigenberger Hotel in Düsseldorf, Germany, located on the city's famous Königsallee and next to the Hofgarten and the opera house.

H World International
H World International, formerly branded Deutsche Hospitality and Steigenberger Hotel Group, is the German subsidiary of the Chinese H World Group Limited (formerly Huazhu Hotels). It operates hotels under several brands, including Steigenberger, IntercityHotel and Zleep Hotels.
Bavaria-Munich
Bavaria-Munich (Middle High German: Baiern-Münichen) was a duchy that was a constituent state of the Holy Roman Empire from 1392 to 1505, ruled by the Wittelsbach dynasty. It was created after the division of the Bavarian inheritance in 1392, and was re-unified at the end of the War of the Succession of Landshut after the defeat of George the Rich. The dukes of the realm held court in Munich. It existed concurrently with Bavaria-Landshut and Bavaria-Ingolstadt.

George, Duke of Bavaria
George of Bavaria referred to as the Rich (15 August 1455 in Burghausen, Bavaria – 1 December 1503 in Ingolstadt), (German: Georg, Herzog von Bayern-Landshut) was the last duke of Bavaria-Landshut. He was a son of Louis IX the Rich and Amalia of Saxony.