hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation (Scotland) Act 2005
The Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation (Scotland) Act 2005 (asp 8) is an act of the Scottish Parliament. It extended previous legislation by also making it illegal for UK nationals to perform female genital mutilation outside the borders of the UK. There have been no known cases of girls from Scotland being sent abroad for the procedure. The Act also increased the maximum penalty from five to 14 years.

It replaced the Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act 1985. The corresponding legislation for the rest of the United Kingdom is the Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003.

Act of the Scottish Parliament
An act of the Scottish Parliament (Scottish Gaelic: Achd Pàrlamaid na h-Alba) is primary legislation made by the Scottish Parliament. The power to create acts was conferred to the Parliament by section 28 of the Scotland Act 1998 following the successful 1997 referendum on devolution.

Prior to the establishment of the Parliament under the 1998 act, all post-union laws specific to Scotland were passed at the Westminster Parliament. Although the Westminster Parliament has retained the ability to legislate for Scotland, by convention it does not do so without the consent of the Scottish Parliament.: (s. 28(7)) : (para. 14)  Since the passing of the 1998 act, the Westminster Parliament has passed five public general acts that apply only to Scotland.

A draft act is known as a bill. Once it is passed by the Scottish Parliament and receives royal assent, the bill becomes an act and is then a part of Scots Law.: (ss. 28, 32, 36)
Fred C. Galda
Frederick C. Galda (April 12, 1918 – August 14, 1997) was an American attorney and Democratic Party politician from New Jersey who served as a prosecutor in the Thomas Trantino murder case, as a judge on the New Jersey Superior Court who issued the state's first ruling acquitting a woman of murder based on a battered woman defense and served as mayor of Paramus, New Jersey.

Raised in Cliffside Park, New Jersey, where his hair earned him the nickname "Red", Galda was a star player on the Cliffside Park High School football team and was the placekicker for the Michigan State Spartans football team, before attending John Marshall Law School and being admitted to the bar in New Jersey.

Michigan State Spartans football
The Michigan State Spartans football program represents Michigan State University (MSU) in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) level. The Spartans are members of the Big Ten Conference. Michigan State claims a total of six national championships, including two (1952, 1965) from the major wire-services: AP Poll and/or Coaches' Poll. The Spartans have also won eleven conference championships, with two in the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association and nine in the Big Ten.

Home games of the Spartans are played at Spartan Stadium, which is located on the main university campus. Spartan Stadium is consistently ranked among the NCAA's top 25 in attendance. The Spartans are currently coached by Pat Fitzgerald.
Beverly Islands
The Beverly Islands are an uninhabited Canadian Arctic island group in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut. The islands are located in the Rae Strait between the southern tip of the eastern arm of Matty Island, and Peel Inlet on King William Island. The Tennent Islands are to the northwest.

Arctic Archipelago
The Arctic Archipelago, also known as the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, is an archipelago lying to the north of the Canadian continental mainland, excluding Greenland (an autonomous territory of the Danish Realm, which is, by itself, much larger than the combined area of the archipelago), and Iceland (an independent country).

Situated in the northern extremity of North America and covering about 1,424,500 km2 (550,000 sq mi), this group of 36,563 islands, surrounded by the Arctic Ocean, comprises much of Northern Canada, predominately Nunavut and the Northwest Territories. The archipelago is showing some effects of climate change, with some computer estimates determining that melting there will contribute 3.5 cm (1.4 in) to the rise in sea levels by 2100.
Samuel Chapman (British politician)
Sir Samuel Chapman JP (27 August 1859 – 29 April 1947) was a Scottish businessman and Scottish Unionist Party politician from Perthshire.

Born in Glasgow, he unsuccessfully contested the Perth constituency in 1906 and January 1910, and the Greenock constituency in December 1910 and in 1918, but was elected as member of parliament (MP) for Edinburgh South at the 1922 general election (he was chosen as Unionist candidate for that seat over Katharine Stewart-Murray, Duchess of Atholl) and held the seat until he stepped down at the 1945 general election.

He was knighted in the 1920 New Year Honours, for "Valuable War work, especially in connection with the Perth and Perthshire Prisoners of War Fund; Public and Local services".

He died in Hove, aged 88.

Edinburgh South (UK Parliament constituency)
Edinburgh South is a constituency of the House of Commons of the UK Parliament created in 1885. The constituency has been held by Scottish Labour since 1987. The seat has been represented since 2010 by Ian Murray, who formerly served as Secretary of State for Scotland in the government of Keir Starmer between July 2024 and September 2025. Murray was the only Labour MP in Scotland to retain his seat at the 2015 and 2019 general elections.

Prior to the 2005 general election, the constituency had the same boundaries as the Edinburgh South Scottish Parliament constituency, now replaced by the Edinburgh Southern Scottish Parliament constituency.
Lucinda (steam yacht)
Lucinda was a 301-tonne paddle steamer built by William Denny & Bros., Dumbarton, Scotland in 1884. She was owned by the Government of Queensland, and used for pleasure cruises and transporting members of the Queensland Parliament up and down the state’s coast.

Dumbarton
Dumbarton (/dʌmˈbɑːrtən/; Scots: Dumbairton, Dumbartoun or Dumbertan; Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Breatann [t̪um ˈpɾʲɛht̪ən̪ˠ] or Dùn Breatainn [t̪um ˈpɾʲɛht̪ɪɲ], meaning 'fort of the Britons') is a town in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland, on the north bank of the River Clyde where the River Leven flows into the Clyde estuary. In 2006, it had an estimated population of 19,990.

Dumbarton was the capital of the ancient Kingdom of Strathclyde, and later the county town of Dunbartonshire.
Dumbarton Castle, on top of Dumbarton Rock, dominates the area. Dumbarton was a royal burgh between 1222 and 1975.

Dumbarton emerged from the 19th century as a centre for shipbuilding, glassmaking, and whisky production. However, these industries have since declined, and Dumbarton today is increasingly a commuter town for Glasgow 13 miles (21 km) east-southeast of it. Dumbarton F.C. is the local football club.
Ainsworth's salamander
Ainsworth's salamander (Plethodon ainsworthi) is an extinct species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It was endemic to the United States and only known from its type series collected in Jasper County, Mississippi in 1964. Later research has cast doubt to its validity; it might be a junior synonym of Plethodon mississippi.

Jasper County, Mississippi
Jasper County is located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. At the 2020 census, the population was 16,367. In 1906, the state legislature established two county courts, one at the first county seat of Paulding in the eastern part of the county and also one at Bay Springs in the west, where the railroad had been constructed. Jasper County is part of the Laurel, MS Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Bay Springs' growth soon surpassed that of Paulding. No roadway connected the two parts of the county until one was built in 1935–1936. The still largely rural county is the major producer in the state of gas and oil, located in the southeast, and of timber, cattle, and poultry.
A Symptom of Being Human
"A Symptom of Being Human" is a song by American rock band Shinedown. It was released on February 22, 2023, as the fourth single from their seventh studio album Planet Zero (2022).

The song was a crossover hit, reaching the Mainstream Top 40, topping the Mainstream Rock Songs charts, and becoming the first song to chart in the top 10 across the Mediabase Active Rock, Alternative Rock, and Adult Contemporary charts.

Active rock
Active rock is a radio format used by many commercial radio stations across the United States and Canada. Active rock stations play a balance of new hard rock songs with valued classic rock favorites, normally with an emphasis on the harder edge of mainstream rock and album-oriented rock.
Saint Peter's Peacocks football
For information on all Saint Peter's College sports, see Saint Peter's Peacocks

The Saint Peter's Peacocks football program was the intercollegiate American football program of Saint Peter's College in Jersey City, New Jersey. The team competed at the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) level and was a member of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC). The school's first football team was fielded in 1971 and played their home games at Roosevelt Stadium until 1981. The Peacocks played their home games at Cochrane Stadium in Jersey City.

The football program was discontinued at the conclusion of the 2006 season.

Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference
The Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC, /mæk/) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with NCAA Division I. Its current 13 full members are located in five Northeastern states: Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and New York.

Members are all relatively small private institutions, a majority Catholic or formerly Catholic, with the only exceptions being two secular institutions: Rider University and Quinnipiac University.

The MAAC currently sponsors 25 sports and has 17 associate member institutions.
Beauchamp baronets
There have been two baronetcies created for persons with the surname Beauchamp, both in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. Both titles are extinct.

The Beauchamp Baronetcy, of Grosvenor Place in the City of Westminster, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 27 June 1911 for Edward Beauchamp, Liberal Member of Parliament for Lowestoft. He was the second son of Reverend William Henry Beauchamp, second son of Sir William Beauchamp-Proctor, 3rd Baronet (see Proctor-Beauchamp Baronets). The second Baronet was Conservative Member of Parliament for Walthamstow East. The title became extinct on his death in 1976.

The Beauchamp Baronetcy, of Woodborough in the County of Somerset, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 4 October 1918 for Major Frank Beauchamp. The title became extinct on the death of the second Baronet in 1983.

For Beauchamp-Proctor baronets see Proctor-Beauchamp baronets

Walthamstow East
Walthamstow East was a parliamentary constituency in what was then the Municipal Borough of Walthamstow in east London. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first-past-the-post voting system.

The constituency was created for the 1918 general election, and abolished for the February 1974 general election, when it was combined with part of the former Walthamstow West to form the new Walthamstow constituency. However, Hale End ward was added to the new Chingford constituency.
Horace Brodzky
Horace Ascher Brodzky (30 January 1885 – 11 February 1969) was an Australian-born artist and writer most of whose work was created in London and New York. His work included paintings, drawings and linocuts, of which he was an early pioneer. An associate in his early career of many leading artists working in the Britain of his period, including Henri Gaudier-Brzeska, Mark Gertler, and members of the Vorticism movement, he ended his life relatively neglected.

Mark Gertler (artist)
Mark Gertler (born Marks Gertler; 9 December 1891 – 23 June 1939) was a British painter of figure subjects, portraits and still-life.

His early life and his relationship with Dora Carrington were the inspiration for Gilbert Cannan's novel Mendel. The characters of Loerke in D. H. Lawrence's Women in Love, and Gombauld in Aldous Huxley's Crome Yellow were based on him.
Eustalodes achrasella
Eustalodes achrasella, the sapota bud borer, is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by John David Bradley in 1981. It is found in Pakistan and northern India.

The length of the forewings is 9.8-12.4 mm for males and 10.4-12.8 mm for females.

The larvae feed on Achras sapota.

Manilkara zapota
Manilkara zapota, commonly known as sapodilla (Spanish: [ˌsapoˈðiʝa]), sapote, chicozapote, chico, chicoo, chicle, naseberry, nispero, or
soapapple, among other names,: 515  is an evergreen tree native to southern Mexico and Central America. An example natural occurrence is in coastal Yucatán, in the Petenes mangroves ecoregion, where it is a subdominant plant species. It was introduced to the Philippines during Spanish colonization. It is grown in large quantities in Mexico and in tropical Asia, including India, Pakistan, Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Bangladesh, as well as in the Caribbean.
Shannon Bolin
Shannon Bolin (January 1, 1917 – March 25, 2016) was an American actress and singer. A March 10, 1941, article in The Mason City Globe-Gazette said that she was "known as 'The Lady with the Dark Blue Voice'".

Suor Angelica
Suor Angelica (Sister Angelica) is an opera in one act by Giacomo Puccini to an original Italian libretto by Giovacchino Forzano. It is the second opera of the trio of operas known as Il trittico (The Triptych). It received its world premiere at the Metropolitan Opera on December 14, 1918.
Župica
Župica is a village in the Municipality of Drvar in Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

On 31 July 1943 the first issue of Glas (today Glas Srpske), the oldest newspaper in Bosnia and Herzegovina, was published in the village.

Municipality of Drvar
Municipality of Drvar (Serbian: Општина Дрвар; Croatian: Općina Drvar) is a municipality in Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its seat is in Drvar. According to the 2013 census, the population was 7,036.
Niall McGarry
Niall McGarry is an Irish entrepreneur who was the owner and founder of JOE.ie and Her.ie, male and female-focused websites in Ireland. Both websites fell under the banner of Maximum Media, the umbrella company founded by McGarry, who owned and ran both sites.

McGarry attended St. Gerald's College in Castlebar, County Mayo. He then studied at Limerick Institute of Technology with rugby union player Jerry Flannery.
After graduating in 2002 with a degree in Marketing Management, McGarry worked for just over a year in advertising sales for a Galway Independent in Galway City.

Castlebar
Castlebar (Irish: Caisleán an Bharraigh, meaning 'Barry's Castle') is the county town of County Mayo, Ireland. Developing around a 13th-century castle of the de Barry family, from which the town got its name, Castlebar is now a social and economic focal point for the surrounding hinterland. With a population of 13,054 in the 2022 census (up from 7,648 in the 1991 census), Castlebar was one of Ireland's fastest-growing towns in the early 21st century.

A campus of Atlantic Technological University and the Country Life section of the National Museum are two important facilities in the area. The town is linked by railway to Dublin, Westport and Ballina. The main route by road is the N5.
The Boatlift
The Boatlift is the third studio album by Cuban-American rapper Pitbull. It was released on November 27, 2007 through TVT and Poe Boy. The album features production by Lil Jon, Mr. Collipark, Nitti, Diaz Brothers and Sean "P. Diddy" Combs who served as executive producer with Pitbull. It also features guest appearances by Trick Daddy, Lil Jon, Twista, Jim Jones, Jason Derulo and Don Omar among others.

The Boatlift spawned four singles: "Go Girl", "The Anthem", "Secret Admirer", and "Sticky Icky". The album received generally positive reviews from music critics but received small commercial success despite critical acclaim. It debuted at number 50 on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling 22,398 copies in its first week.

Mr. Collipark
Michael Antoine Crooms (born October 5, 1970), better known by his stage name Mr. Collipark, is an American hip-hop producer and the president of his own Atlanta-based record label, ColliPark Music, which was founded in 1999.

The name Collipark was derived from the city of College Park, Georgia. Crooms is credited as playing a major role in the career of the Ying Yang Twins, Soulja Boy, Yung Berg, Taurus, Hurricane Chris, V.I.C., and Vistoso Bosses.

In 2005, Mr. Collipark was featured on Bubba Sparxxx's single "Ms. New Booty", which peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot 100. In 2007, Mr. Collipark won BMI's "Songwriter of the Year" award. He was also nominated for a 2008 Grammy for his work with Soulja Boy.

In 2011, Mr. Collipark debuted his mixtape Can I Have the Club Back Please, which features tracks from artists including Translee, Treal Lee & Prince Rick, and the Ying Yang Twins.
Tawfique Hasan
Tawfique Hasan is a Bangladeshi scientist who is Professor of NanoEngineering at the University of Cambridge. He leads the nanoengineering group in the Cambridge graphene centre and serves as deputy head of division B (electrical engineering) in the Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge.

Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge
The University of Cambridge's Department of Engineering is the largest department at the university. The main site is situated at Trumpington Street, to the south of the city centre of Cambridge. The department is currently headed by Professor Colm Durkan.
Stir-fried water spinach
Stir-fried water spinach is a common Asian vegetable dish, known by various names in Asian languages. Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) is stir-fried with a variety of vegetables and spices. It is commonly found throughout East, South and Southeast Asia: from Sichuan and Cantonese cuisine in China, to Indonesian, Burmese, Cambodian, Filipino, Malaysian, Singaporean, Taiwanese, and Vietnamese cuisine; to Sri Lankan cuisine and Bengali cuisine in South Asia.

Vietnamese cuisine
Vietnamese cuisine encompasses the foods and beverages originated from Vietnam. Meals feature a combination of five fundamental tastes (ngũ vị): sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and spicy. The distinctive nature of each dish reflects one or more elements (such as nutrients and colors), which are also based around a five-pronged philosophy. Vietnamese recipes use ingredients like lemongrass, ginger, mint, Vietnamese mint, brown sugar, long coriander, Saigon cinnamon, bird's eye chili, soy sauce, lime, and Thai basil leaves. Traditional Vietnamese cooking has often been characterised as using fresh ingredients, not using much dairy or oil, having interesting textures, and making use of herbs and vegetables. The cuisine is also low in sugar and is almost always naturally gluten-free, as many of the dishes are rice-based instead of wheat-based, made with rice noodles, bánh tráng rice paper wrappers and rice flour.
Xanthesma dasycephala
Xanthesma dasycephala, or Xanthesma (Xanthesma) dasycephala, is a species of bee in the family Colletidae and the subfamily Euryglossinae. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1969 by Australian entomologist Elizabeth Exley.

Euryglossinae
Euryglossinae is a subfamily of plasterer bees endemic to Australia. Most of the 400+ species in the subfamily are very small, with the largest reaching 10 mm in length. Females of this subfamily carry pollen internally, in the crop.
Cynodontosuchus
Cynodontosuchus is an extinct genus of baurusuchid mesoeucrocodylian. Fossils have been found from Argentina of Late Cretaceous age from the Bajo de la Carpa Formation (dating back to the Santonian), the Pichi Picun Leufu Formation (dating back to the Coniacian and Santonian). the Tiupampan Santa Lucía Formation of Bolivia.

Santonian
The Santonian is an age in the geologic timescale or a chronostratigraphic stage. It is a subdivision of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 85.7 ± 0.2 mya (million years ago) and 83.6 ± 0.2 mya. The Santonian is preceded by the Coniacian and is followed by the Campanian.
Botswana at the 2002 Commonwealth Games
Botswana competed at the 2002 Commonwealth Games. The African nation sent seventeen athletes in three sports. For the first time in their Commonwealth Games history, Botswana won multiple medals, capturing three, including two in boxing.

Boxing at the 2002 Commonwealth Games
Boxing at the 2002 Commonwealth Games was the 17th appearance of the Boxing at the Commonwealth Games. The events were held in Manchester, England, from 25 July to 4 August 2002 and featured contests in twelve weight classes.

The boxing events were held at the Forum Centre in the Manchester Evening News Arena.

Australia topped the boxing medal table by virtue of winning three gold medals.
Aleksandar Nikačević
Aleksandar Nikačević (Serbian: Александар Никачевић; born 26 January 1978 in Kraljevo) is a Serbian former road cyclist. He competed professionally with Alessio from 2001 to 2002 and most notably won the Tour de Serbie in 2000 and 2002 as well as the Yugoslav National Road Race Championships in 2002. After retiring from racing, he worked as a directeur sportif for the Aerospace Engineering Pro Equipe and Team Endeka.

Alessio–Bianchi
Alessio–Bianchi was an Italian professional cycling team which existed from 1998 to 2004. It was created in 1998 as Ballan. In 1999 Italian wheels manufacturer Alessio came in as co-sponsor, and in 2000 as main sponsor. The team was dissolved by the end of the 2004 season.
Destroy All Neighbors
Destroy All Neighbors  is a 2024 American splatter horror comedy film written by Mike Benner, Jared Logan and Charles A. Pieper and directed by Josh Forbes.  Jonah Ray, Randee Heller, Pete Ploszek, Kiran Deol are the stars of the film with Russell Sanzgiri, Jonah Ray and Alex Winter serving as a producers. The plot follows a wannabe rock musician whose life becomes a living nightmare after he accidentally kills his noisy neighbor.

Shudder (streaming service)
Shudder is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service. It is one of the streaming services owned and operated by AMC Networks that primarily distributes horror, thriller, and supernatural fiction titles, and therefore offers original films, TV series—such as Creepshow, based on the 1982 film—and docuseries. Shudder's library also features non-original programming, including well-known horror films. Shudder annually airs a Halloween "Ghoul Log" (a Halloween-themed equivalent to the Yule Log). It also had its own VRV channel from its initial launch in late 2016 until mid-2019.
Portraits by Vincent van Gogh
Vincent van Gogh lived during the Impressionist era. With the development of photography, painters and artists turned to conveying the feeling and ideas behind people, places, and things rather than trying to imitate their physical forms. Impressionist artists did this by emphasizing certain hues, using vigorous brushstrokes, and paying attention to highlighting. Vincent van Gogh implemented this ideology to pursue his goal of depicting his own feelings toward and involvement with his subjects. Van Gogh's portraiture focuses on color and brushstrokes to demonstrate their inner qualities and Van Gogh's own relationship with them.

Vincent van Gogh painted portraits throughout his career from 1881 through 1890.

Kröller-Müller Museum
The Kröller-Müller Museum (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkrʏlər ˈmʏlər myˌzeːjʏm]) is a national art museum and sculpture garden, located in the Hoge Veluwe National Park in Otterlo in the Netherlands. The museum, founded by art collector Helene Kröller-Müller within the extensive grounds of her and her husband's former estate (now the national park), opened in 1938. It has the second-largest collection of paintings by Vincent van Gogh, after the Van Gogh Museum. The museum had 283,000 visitors in 2025.