hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Succession to the 52nd Dai al-Mutlaq
The 52nd Da'i al-Mutlaq of the Dawoodi Bohras, Mohammed Burhanuddin died in January 2014. As per the tenets of the sect each predecessor is required to nominate his successor prior to his death. Following Burhanuddin's death, Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin took up the office of Da'i al-Mutlaq, as per the appointment by Mohammed Burhanuddin. Khuzaima Qutubuddin claiming to have been appointed heir 50 years earlier in secrecy, challenged Mufaddal's right to be Dai in the Bombay High Court.

In 2024, the Bombay High Court ruled in favour of Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin as Dawoodi Bohra community leader and dismissed the suit as the plaintiffs failed to provide evidence of their own claims.

Prior to the judgment, Mufaddal Saifuddin was largely accepted as the Bohras' leader by government and other public bodies. The UK Charity Commission has stated in writing, that "our view is that His Holiness Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin is the current incumbent of the office of Dai al-Mutlaq."

Rajab
Rajab (Arabic: رَجَب) is the seventh month of the Islamic calendar. The lexical definition of the classical Arabic verb rajaba is "to respect", which could also mean "be awe or be in fear", of which Rajab is a derivative.

This month is regarded as one of the four sacred months (including Muharram, Dhu al-Qadah and Dhu al-Hijjah) in Islam in which battles are prohibited. The pre-Islamic Arabs also considered warfare to be blasphemous during these four months.

Muslims believe Rajab is the month in which ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib, the first Shia Imam and the fourth Rashidun caliph, was born.

Rajab is also the month during which Isra and Mi'raj (Muhammad's journey from Mecca to Jerusalem and then through the seven Heavens) took place.

Rajab and Shaʿbān are a prelude to the holy month of Ramaḍān.
Shaukat Hussein Mazari
Shaukat Hussein Khan Mazari (1948–2008) was a prominent figure in the provincial politics of the Punjab, province of Pakistan. He died on 14 November 2008.

He was studied in Sadiq Public School Bahawal Pur. He went to England for Higher Education. He was known as Awam Dost leader. People loved him for his support and kind behaviour. He is the man who supported Dost Muhammad Mazari in his early stages of political journey. Dost Muhammad Mazari got elected MNA by his support.

He was elected as a Member of Provincial Assembly (MPA) from Rojhan-Mazari three times and has also served in the capacity of a provincial minister for a few days in 1977. Before his death, Mazari was serving as the Deputy Speaker of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab.

Member of the Provincial Assembly
A Member of the Provincial Assembly, or MPA  is a representative elected by the voters of an electoral district to the legislature or legislative assembly of a subnational jurisdiction. In Pakistan, the members are elected by the voters in provinces for a term of five years.
Lithuanian National Museum of Art
Lithuanian National Museum of Art (Lithuanian: Lietuvos nacionalinis dailės muziejus) is the largest national museum in Lithuania collecting, restoring, and conserving art as well as historical objects of cultural value while presenting artefacts of national importance in an astonishing number of exhibition spaces located in the coastal cities and the capital.

The Museum is established by Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Lithuania. As of 1995, the Museum belongs to the International Council of Museums (ICOM).

Ministry of Culture (Lithuania)
The Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Respublikos kultūros ministerija) is a governmental body of the Republic of Lithuania. Its mission is to formulate and implement state cultural policies supporting professional and amateur art, theatre, music, fine arts, cinema, museums, libraries, and written publications, to guard copyright and copyright-related interests, and to protect cultural values.
Ancient Diocese of Agde
The former French Roman Catholic diocese of Agde (Lat.: Agathensis) was in existence by the beginning of the 6th century. It was a suffragan of the diocese of Narbonne. Agde was in Languedoc, in the south of France, in what is now the department of Hérault. It was bounded on the east by the diocese of Montpellier, and on the north and west by the diocese of Béziers. The sea formed its southern boundary, and it was one of the principal ports of the Septimania.

The diocese of Agde was suppressed in 1791 during the French Revolution, and, in the Concordat of 1801 between First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte and Pope Pius VII, the diocese was not revived.

The seat of the bishop was the Cathedral of Saint-Étienne, originally dedicated to Saint Andrew. The diocese had only twenty-six parishes. The territory of the former diocese is now part of the diocese of Montpellier.

Hérault
Hérault (French pronunciation: [eʁo]; Occitan: Erau, [eˈɾaw]) is a department of the region of Occitania, Southern France. Named after the Hérault River, its prefecture is Montpellier. It had a population of 1,175,623 in 2019.
Coporolo River
The Coporolo is an intermittent river in Angola. It flows through Dombe Grande in Benguela Province. It has sometimes been considered a permanent stream. Its mouth is at the Atlantic Ocean and the drainage area is 15,674 square kilometres (6,052 sq mi).

Seasonal flooding is a recurring problem with 6,700 people displaced in a flood in July 2011. Work to control seasonal flooding to protect the town and farms was to be done the following year.

Benguela Province
Benguela (Umbundu: Luombaka Volupale) is a province of Angola, situated in the west of the country. It lies on the Atlantic Ocean, and borders the provinces of Cuanza Sul, Namibe, Huila, and Huambo. The province has an area of 39,826 square kilometres (15,377 sq mi) and its capital is Benguela. According to the 2014 census, there were 2,231,385 inhabitants in the province. The current governor of Benguela is Isaac dos Anjos.
Tamara Maliukova Sidorenko
Tamara Stepanovna Maliukova Sidorenko (15 February 1919 - 2005) was a Ukrainian composer, music educator and pianist.

Sidorenko was born in Odessa. She studied piano at the Nikolayev Music School and graduated from the Odessa Conservatory in 1946, where she studied composition with Serafim D. Orfeyev. Sidorenko taught at the Odessa Conservatory and later chaired the composition and theory department at the Odessa Music School until 1970. Her students included Oleksandr Krasotov.

Sideorenko arranged many Czech, Polish, Russian, and Ukrainian folk songs. She wrote music for unspecified films and television programs; composed cantatas based on texts by L. Barabanov, V. Bobrov, Andrei Voznesensky, and E. Yanvarov; choruses based on texts by Nikolay Nekrasov, Taras Shevchenko, and Lesya Ukrainka; and songs based on texts by V. Karpeko, Federico García Lorca, Roberto Fernandez Retamar, Shevchenko, A. Tolstoy, S. Vasiliev, Sergei Yesenin, and others. Her instrumental compositions included:

Roberto Fernández Retamar
Roberto Fernández Retamar (9 June 1930 – 20 July 2019, Havana) was a Cuban poet, essayist, literary critic and President of the Casa de las Américas. In his role as President of the organization, Fernández also served on the Council of State of Cuba. An early close confidant of Che Guevara and Fidel Castro, he was a central figure in Cuba from the 1959 Revolution until his death in 2019. Fernández also wrote over a dozen major collections of verse and founded the Casa de las Americas cultural magazine.

Professor Joao Cesar Castro de Rocha, at the University of Manchester has described Retamar as "one of the most distinguished Latin American intellectuals of the twentieth century." In 1989, he was awarded the National Prize for Literature, Cuba's national literary award and most important award of its type.
Chinthurst Hill
Chinthurst Hill is a  17.2-hectare (43-acre) Local Nature Reserve south of Guildford in Surrey. It is owned by Surrey County Council and managed by Surrey Wildlife Trust. Chinthurst Hill Tower is a Grade II Scheduled Monument.

The hill has woodland and dry acid grassland. There are woodland flowering plants such as wood anemone, yellow archangel, wood forget-me-not, red campion, common figwort, butcher’s broom and lady’s smock.

There is access from Kings Road.

Surrey County Council
Surrey County Council is the county council for the non-metropolitan county of Surrey, England. The council is currently run by a Conservative Party minority administration. The council is based in Woodhatch Place, Reigate, and consists of 81 councillors.
Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense
The Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense at the Atlantic Council, formerly known as the Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense, is an organization of former high-ranking government officials that analyzes US capabilities and capacity to defend against biological threats. According to the commission's mission statement, the organization was formed to "provide for a comprehensive assessment of the state of U.S. biodefense efforts, and to issue recommendations that will foster change."

The commission is supported by donor organizations. New Venture Fund serves as the commission's fiscal sponsor. Current donors include Open Philanthropy and Bavarian Nordic.

Max Brooks
Maximilian Michael Brooks (born May 22, 1972) is an American writer and actor. He is the son of filmmaker Mel Brooks and actress Anne Bancroft. Much of Brooks's writing focuses on zombie stories. He was a senior fellow at the Modern War Institute at West Point, New York.
Reihaneh Safavi-Naini
Reihaneh "Rei" Safavi-Naini (Persian: ريحانه صفوی نائينی) is the NSERC/Telus Industrial Research Chair and the  Alberta Innovates Strategic Chair in Information Security at the University of Calgary, Canada.

International Association for Cryptologic Research
The International Association for Cryptologic Research (IACR) is a non-profit scientific organization that furthers research in cryptology and related fields. The IACR was organized at the initiative of David Chaum at the CRYPTO '82 conference.
Cape Spieden
Cape Spieden is a cape along the western shore of Porpoise Bay, about 17 nautical miles (31 km) southeast of Cape Goodenough. Delineated from aerial photographs taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47), and named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) after William Spieden, Purser on the sloop Peacock during the United States Exploring Expedition (1838–1842) under Lieutenant Charles Wilkes.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Cape Spieden". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

66°25′S 126°44′E﻿ / ﻿66.417°S 126.733°E﻿ / -66.417; 126.733

Charles Wilkes
Charles Wilkes (April 3, 1798 – February 8, 1877) was an American naval officer, ship's captain, and explorer. He led the first United States Exploring Expedition (1838–1842). 
During the American Civil War (1861-1865), he commanded USS San Jacinto during the Trent Affair incident in which he stopped a British Royal Mail ship and forcibly removed two Confederate diplomats, almost leading to war between the United States and United Kingdom.
Higashiokitama District, Yamagata
Higashiokitama (東置賜郡, Higashiokitama-gun) is a rural district located in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. As of December 2013, the district had an estimated population of 40,662 and an area of 324.5 km3. All of the city of Nan'yō and parts of the cities of Yonezawa, Nagai, Kaminoyama were formerly part of Nishiokitami District.

Nagai, Yamagata
Nagai (長井市, Nagai-shi) is a city located in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan, and since August 2025 has been officially designated as the Japanese "hometown" for the United Republic of Tanzania.  In conjunction with Japan’s METI internship program and JICA's African Business Education Initiative for Youth, seeks to deepen Japan-Africa relations.  Under METI's program; fully funded internships, job matching, and visa support for young professionals from developing countries are provided.  JICA's ABE Initiative, exclusively designed for young professionals in African nations, is a long-term, comprehensive program. It is a combination of a master's degree program at a Japanese university followed by an internship at a Japanese company. As of 1 February 2020, the city had an estimated population of 26,466 in 9940 households, and a population density of 120 people per km². The total area of the city is 214.67 square kilometres (83 sq mi).
Karin Gaardsted
Karin Gaardsted (born 19 October 1955) is a Danish politician. She was a member of the Folketing for the Social Democratic Party. She was elected into parliament at the 2011 Danish general election and then reelected again in the 2015 Danish general election. She was then temporary member of the Folketing for The Social Democratic Party in Western Jutland greater constituency as substitute for Anne Paulin in 2021. She entered Parliament again on 1 March 2024 when Annette Lind resigned her mandate to become consul general in Flensburg. From 1 January 2010 until her entry into the Folketing in 2011, she was deputy mayor of Viborg Municipality.

Social Democratic Party
The name Social Democratic Party or Social Democrats has been used by many political parties in various countries around the world. Such parties are most commonly aligned to social democracy as their political ideology.
2008 Punjab provincial election
Provincial elections were held in the Pakistani province of Punjab to elect the 15th Provincial Assembly of the Punjab on 18 February 2008, alongside nationwide general elections and three other provincial elections in Sindh, Balochistan and North-West Frontier Province. The remaining two territories of Pakistan, AJK and Gilgit-Baltistan, were ineligible to vote due to their disputed status.

Provincial Assembly of the Punjab
The Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, also known as the Punjab Assembly, is the supreme legislative body of Punjab, a province of Pakistan. It convenes at the Assembly Building in Lahore, the capital of Punjab. It is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives; and was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan, having a total of 371 seats, with 297 general seats, 66 seats reserved for women and 8 reserved for non-Muslims.
Atharokhada Union
Atharokhada Union (Bengali: আঠারখাদা ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad situated at Magura Sadar Upazila,  in Magura District, Khulna Division of Bangladesh. The union has an area of 35.86 square kilometres (13.85 sq mi) and as of 2001 had a population of 26,807. There are 29 villages and 17 mouzas in the union.

Khulna Division
Khulna Division (Bengali: খুলনা বিভাগ) is the second largest of the eight divisions of Bangladesh. It has an area of 22,285 km2 (8,604 sq mi) and a population of 17,416,645 at the 2022 Bangladesh census (preliminary returns). Its headquarters and largest city is Khulna city in Khulna District.
Chilelopsis calderoni
Chilelopsis calderoni is a species of mygalomorph spiders of Chile, named after Dr Raúl Calderón. Males differ from C. puertoviejo in the more sinuous distal portion of the bulbal duct; females differ in the spermathecae with a distinct fundus and a narrowed duct. Males differ from C. serena by the presence of a dense patch of setae on the anterior tibiae, females in the undivided spermathecae.

Mygalomorphae
The Mygalomorphae, or mygalomorphs, are an infraorder of spiders, and comprise one of three major groups of living spiders with over 3,000 species, found on all continents except Antarctica. Many members are known as trapdoor spiders due to their creation of trapdoors over their burrows. Other prominent groups include Australian funnel web spiders and tarantulas, with the latter accounting for around one third of all mygalomorphs.
Nolina erumpens
Nolina erumpens, the foothill beargrass, mesa sacahuista, or sand beargrass, is a member of the subfamily Convallarioideae (formerly Nolinoideae) of family Asparagaceae, native to New Mexico, Texas and adjacent regions of north Mexico.

Convallarioideae
Convallarioideae is a monocot subfamily of the family Asparagaceae. It used to be treated as a separate family, Ruscaceae s.l., but this family was merged into Asparagaceae in the APG III system of 2009. Initially the name Nolinoideae was used, derived from the type genus Nolina. This name was supposed to have been published by Burnett in 1935. However, this has been shown to be an error, as Burnett based a subfamily on the Solanaceae genus Nolana not Nolina.

The subfamily includes genera that had been placed in a range of different families, including Ruscaceae s.s., Nolinaceae, Dracaenaceae, Convallariaceae and Eriospermaceae. Like many groups of lilioid monocots, the genera included here were once included in a wide interpretation of the family Liliaceae.
Kolonia Dzietrzkowice
Kolonia Dzietrzkowice [kɔˈlɔɲa d͡ʑɛtʂkɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łubnice, within Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north-east of Łubnice, 18 km (11 mi) southeast of Wieruszów, and 104 km (65 mi) southwest of the regional capital Łódź.

Wieruszów
Wieruszów ([vjɛˈruʂuf]) is a town in south-central Poland with 8,446 inhabitants (2020). Situated in the southwestern part of Łódź Voivodeship, it is the seat of the Gmina Wieruszów and Wieruszów County. Wieruszów is located in the historical Wieluń Land. The town is situated along the Prosna river.
Arun Kumar v. Inspector General of Registration
Arun Kumar & Anr. versus Inspector General of Registration & Ors. (2019) is a landmark judgement of the Madras High Court which recognised trans woman as a "bride" within the meaning of the Hindu Marriage Act 1955 and prohibited genital-normalizing surgery (referred to as sex reassignment surgery in the case) for intersex infants and children except on life-threatening situations.

The Supreme Court of India highlighted the case in its publication titled "Sensitisation Module for the Judiciary on LGBTIQA+ Community" as one of the High Court judgments that effectively addressed the difficulties and obstacles experienced by queer individuals within the justice system due to their systemic marginalization.

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) is a ministry of the Government of India charged with health policy in India. It is also responsible for all government programs relating to family planning in India.

The Minister of Health and Family Welfare holds cabinet rank as a member of the Council of Ministers. The current minister is  Jagat Prakash Nadda, while the current Minister of State for Health are Anupriya Patel and Prataprao Ganpatrao Jadhav.

Since 1955, the Ministry regularly publishes the Indian Pharmacopoeia through the Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC), an autonomous body for setting standards for drugs, pharmaceuticals and healthcare devices and technologies in India.
Sandra Oblitas Ruzza
Sandra Oblitas Ruzza (born 7 June 1969) is a Venezuelan public official who has been vice president and rector of the country's National Electoral Council (CNE). She was involved in disruptions during the 2017 Venezuelan Constituent Assembly elections in Venezuela.

Oblitas graduated from the Central University of Venezuela in sociology. She worked as an assistant at CNE beginning in 2003.

Central University of Venezuela
The Central University of Venezuela (Spanish: Universidad Central de Venezuela; UCV) is a public university located in Caracas, Venezuela. Founded in 1721, it is the oldest university in Venezuela and one of the oldest in the Western Hemisphere.

The main university campus, Ciudad Universitaria de Caracas, was designed by architect Carlos Raúl Villanueva and it is considered a masterpiece of urban planning and was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2000.
Enron Corpus
The Enron Corpus is a database of over 600,000 emails written by 158 employees of the Enron Corporation in the years leading up to the company's collapse in December 2001. The corpus was generated from Enron email servers by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) during its subsequent investigation. A copy of the email database was subsequently purchased for $10,000 by Andrew McCallum, a computer scientist at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. He released this copy to researchers, providing a trove of data that has been used for studies on social networking and computer-mediated communication.

Computer-mediated communication
Computer-mediated communication  (CMC) is defined as any human communication that occurs through the use of two or more electronic devices.  Computer-mediated communication is relevant to linguistics as it shows how digital environments influence grammar and pragmatic meaning. While the term has traditionally referred to those communications that occur via computer-mediated formats (e.g., instant messaging, email, chat rooms, online forums, social network services), it has also been applied to  other forms of text-based interaction such as text messaging. Research on CMC focuses largely on the social effects of different computer-supported communication technologies. Many recent studies involve Internet-based social networking supported by social software.
Gümüşçay
Gümüşçay (former Güvercinli) is a town (belde) in the Biga District, Çanakkale Province, Turkey. Its population is 2,123 (2021). It is situated in the Anatolian portion of the province 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of Marmara Sea coast. The distance to Biga is 6 kilometres (3.7 mi). The settlement was an Ottoman district center named Güvercinli. The mosque of Gümüşçay, the Nasuh Çelebi mosque was built during the reign of Mahmut I (1730-1754). The settlement was declared a seat of township in 1949. The main economic sector of the town is agriculture.

Belde
Belde (literally "town", also known as kasaba) means "large village with a municipality" in Turkish.

All Turkish province centers and district centers have municipalities, but the villages are usually too small to have municipalities. The population in some villages may exceed 2000 and in such villages a small municipality may be established depending on residents' choice. Such villages are called belde. Up to 2014 the number of belde municipalities was about 1400.

On 30 March 2014 by the act no. 6360 all villages (those with and without municipality) were included in the urban fabric of the district municipalities in 30 provinces. Thus belde municipalities in 30 provinces were abolished. The number of abolished belde municipalities is 1040.

Presently, in 51 provinces, which are not in the scope of the act no 6360, there are still 394 belde municipalities.
DEL Records
DEL Records is an American Spanish language record label founded by Angel Del Villar in 2009. Its headquarters is in Bell Gardens, California and includes DEL Records, DEL Publishing, DEL Studios and DEL Entertainment, all of which focus on regional Mexican music, specifically with genres from Mexico's pacific states such as banda, Pacific-style norteño, norteño-banda, sierreño, sierreño-banda and mariachi. DEL Records has launched the careers of chart-topping artists like Gerardo Ortíz, Luis Coronel, Ulices Chaidez y Sus Plebes, and Régulo Caro. DEL Records and its artists are frequent winners at the Billboard Latin Music Awards including five in 2017. In seven years, DEL's sales, touring and content development divisions lead and transform the genre. DEL boasts 3 platinum and 9 gold records, and more than 10 #1 singles, as well as #1 albums. DEL Records’ artist tours every week of the year, with over 200 live concert dates in the US and Mexico.

Banda music
Banda is a subgenre of regional Mexican music and type of ensemble in which wind (mostly brass) and percussion instruments are performed.

The history of banda music in Mexico dates from the middle of the 19th century with the arrival of piston brass instruments, when community musicians tried to imitate military bands. The first bandas were formed in southern and central Mexico. Many types of bandas exist in different territories and villages, playing traditional or modern music, organized privately or municipally.