hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hadwiger conjecture (combinatorial geometry)
In combinatorial geometry, the Hadwiger conjecture states that any convex body in n-dimensional Euclidean space can be covered by 2n or fewer smaller bodies homothetic with the original body, and that furthermore, the upper bound of 2n is necessary if and only if the body is a parallelepiped. There also exists an equivalent formulation in terms of the number of floodlights needed to illuminate the body.

The Hadwiger conjecture is named after Hugo Hadwiger, who included it on a list of unsolved problems in 1957; it was, however, previously studied by Levi (1955) and independently, Gohberg & Markus (1960). Additionally, there is a different Hadwiger conjecture concerning graph coloring, and in some sources the geometric Hadwiger conjecture is also called the Levi–Hadwiger conjecture or the Hadwiger–Levi covering problem.

The conjecture remains unsolved even in three dimensions, though the two-dimensional case was resolved by Levi (1955).

Convex body
In mathematics, a convex body in -dimensional Euclidean space  is a compact convex set with non-empty interior. Some authors do not require a non-empty interior, merely that the set is non-empty.

A convex body  is called symmetric if it is centrally symmetric with respect to the origin; that is to say, a point  lies in  if and only if its antipode,  also lies in  Symmetric convex bodies are in a one-to-one correspondence with the unit balls of norms on

Some commonly known examples of convex bodies are the Euclidean ball, the hypercube and the cross-polytope.
Tripp Vinson
Tripp Vinson is an American film producer. He is best known for producing the films Baywatch, San Andreas, Journey 2: The Mysterious Island, The Guardian, The Number 23, Red Dawn, and Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters.

Vinson has been described by The New York Times as a "journeyman producer who specializes in popcorn flicks" and is good at getting films produced while quickly adapting to shifting trends. His films have collectively grossed over $1.5 billion at the box office.

Beau Flynn
Beau Flynn (born March 23, 1970) is an American film producer. He is best known for producing blockbuster films such as Skyscraper, Rampage, San Andreas, and Hercules, all of which starred Dwayne Johnson. Flynn has also produced independent films, including Requiem for a Dream, Tigerland, Choke, and The House of Yes.
Emerson High School (Union City, New Jersey)
Emerson High School was a public high school located in Union City, in Hudson County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, serving students in ninth through twelfth grades as part of the Union City Board of Education. The school was originally one of two high schools in Union City, along with Union Hill High School, that served the city's students. With the merger of both schools into the new Union City High School in 2008 and the opening of that school's new campus in 2009, both of the former high schools were converted to serve sixth, seventh, and eighth graders. The former Emerson High School is now Emerson Middle School.

Ninth grade
Ninth grade (also 9th or Grade 9) is the ninth year of formal or compulsory education in some countries. It is generally part of high school or secondary school depending on the country. Students in ninth grade are usually 14–15 years old.
2005–06 Toto Cup Artzit
The 2005–06 Toto Cup Artzit was the 7th time the cup was being contested. The final was played at Herzliya Municipal Stadium on 17 January 2006.

The winners were Hapoel Ramat Gan, beating Maccabi Ironi Tirat HaCarmel 2–0 in the final.

Herzliya Municipal Stadium
Herzliya Municipal Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in the Tel Aviv District city of Herzliya, Israel.

The stadium is used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Maccabi Herzliya and Hapoel Herzliya.  The stadium has 8,100 seats.

In 2017, the stadium hosted the Peres Center for Peace  Mini Mondial with children from both the Jewish and Arab sectors coming together for a special soccer event after a year of training together.

In April 2023, Maccabi Herzliya faced a stadium issue, preventing them from hosting home matches due to non-compliance with league standards (Liga Leumit). To address this, the municipality initiated a late 2023 upgrade, collaborating with authorities to meet the required standards and enhance the overall football experience. The renovated Herzliya Stadium reflects the club's commitment to elevating Israeli football standards.
Carl Williams (racing driver)
Carl Williams (August 24, 1930 – February 24, 1973) was an American racecar driver.

Born in Grandview, Missouri, Williams was killed in a motorcycle accident in Kansas City. He drove in the USAC Championship Car series, racing in the 1965–1972 seasons, with 63 career starts, including the Indianapolis 500 in 1966–1970 and 1972. He finished in the top-ten 21 times, with his best finish in second position in 1970 at Springfield. He was married to Charlotte Williams and had two children, Linda and Cheryl and four grandchildren Kelli Searing, Melissa Searing, Tony Boyd and Lindsey Wollenberg.

United States Auto Club
The United States Auto Club (USAC) is one of the sanctioning bodies of auto racing in the United States. From 1956 to 1979, USAC sanctioned the United States National Championship, and from 1956 to 1997 the organization sanctioned the Indianapolis 500. USAC serves as the sanctioning body for a number of racing series, including the Silver Crown Series, National Sprint Cars, National Midgets, Speed2 Midget Series, .25 Midget Series, Stadium Super Trucks, and GT World Challenge America. Seven-time USAC champion Levi Jones is USAC's Competition Director.
In the Gulf of Venice
In the Gulf of Venice is an 1848 landscape painting by the British artist Clarkson Stanfield.  It depicts a view of the Gulf of Venice in the Adriatic Sea. It was likely based on a sketch Stanfield had made during a trip to Italy in 1838.

The artist was a former sailor who combined working on scenic design at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane with producing successful seascapes. Stanfield displayed the painting at the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition of 1848 at the National Gallery in London. Today it is in the collection of the Guildhall Art Gallery in the City of London, having been acquired in 1902 as part of a bequest by the Victorian art collector Charles Gassiot.  An engraving based on the work by Robert Wallis was produced for The Art Journal in 1854.

Private collection
A private collection is a privately owned collection of works (usually artworks) or valuable items.  In a museum or art gallery context, the term signifies that a certain work is not owned by that institution, but is on loan from an individual or organization, either for temporary exhibition or for the long term. This source is usually an art collector, although it could also be a school, church, bank, or some other company or organization. By contrast, collectors of books, even if they collect for aesthetic reasons (fine bookbindings or illuminated manuscripts for example), are called bibliophiles, and their collections are typically referred to as libraries.
David Barnhill
David Barnhill (born 8 June 1969) is a former Ireland international rugby league footballer who 
played as a Second row forward in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. His club career was with the Canberra Raiders, St. George Dragons, Sydney City and the Leeds Rhinos.

1990 NSWRL season
The 1990 New South Wales Rugby League season was the eighty-third season of professional rugby league football in Australia. Sixteen clubs competed for the J J Giltinan Shield and Winfield Cup during the premiership season, which culminated in a grand final between the previous season's premiers, the Canberra Raiders and the Penrith Panthers, who were making their grand final debut.
2013 Madagascar locust plague
In 2012, Madagascar had an upsurge in the size of its Malagasy migratory locust (Locusta Migratoria Capito) populations. In November of that year, the government issued a locust alert, saying that conditions were right for swarming of the pest insects. In February 2013, Cyclone Haruna struck the country, creating optimal conditions for locust breeding.  By late March 2013, approximately 50% of the country was infested by swarms of locusts, with each swarm consisting of more than one billion insects. The authorities changed the situation to plague status. According to one eyewitness: "You don't see anything except locusts. You turn around, there are locusts everywhere".

News of the infestation went global the week before Passover, inspiring comparisons with the Biblical Plagues of Egypt, one of which was a swarm of locusts. It was the worst locust outbreak in Madagascar since a 17-year-long outbreak which began during the 1950s.

Economic entomology
Economic entomology is a field of entomology, which involves the study of insects that benefit or harm humans, domestic animals, and crops. Insects that pose disadvantages are considered pests. Some species can cause indirect damage by spreading diseases, and these are termed as disease vectors. Those that are beneficial include those that are reared for food such as honey, substances such as lac or pigments, and for their role in pollinating crops and controlling pests.
School (Supertramp song)
"School" is a song co-written by Rick Davies and Roger Hodgson of British rock band Supertramp, and included on the band's third and breakthrough 1974 album, Crime of the Century, of which it was the opening track. Although not released as a single at the time, it was later released in 1983, backed with "Oh Darling", a track from their 1979 album Breakfast in America. In 1984, it was released in West Germany to promote the compilation Die Songs Einer Supergruppe. In 1989, the single was re-released as part of the promotion around The Very Best of Supertramp. This time, the single peaked at No. 27 in The Netherlands.

Breakfast in America
Breakfast in America is the sixth studio album by the British rock band Supertramp, released on 16 March 1979, by A&M Records. It was recorded from May to December 1978 at The Village Recorder in Los Angeles. It spawned three US Billboard Hot 100 hit singles: "The Logical Song" (No. 6), "Goodbye Stranger" (No. 15), and "Take the Long Way Home" (No. 10). In the UK, "The Logical Song" and the title track were both top 10 hits, the only two the group had in their native country.

At the 22nd Annual Grammy Awards in 1980, Breakfast in America won two awards for Best Album Package and Best Engineered Non-Classical Recording, as well as nominations for Album of the Year and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals.  It became Supertramp's best-selling album, being certified 4× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for more than four million copies sold in the US, where it was No. 1 on the Billboard 200 for six weeks.
6/6/00 – Cardiff, Wales
6/6/00 – Cardiff, Wales is a two-disc live album and the ninth in a series of 72 live bootlegs released by the American alternative rock band Pearl Jam from the band's 2000 Binaural Tour. It was released along with the other official bootlegs from the European leg of the tour on September 26, 2000.

Stone Gossard
Stone Carpenter Gossard (born July 20, 1966) is an American musician and songwriter who serves as the rhythm guitarist for the rock band Pearl Jam. Along with Jeff Ament, Mike McCready, and Eddie Vedder, he is one of the founding members of the band.

Gossard is also known for his work prior to Pearl Jam with the Seattle-based grunge bands Green River and Mother Love Bone. Gossard was also a member of the bands Temple of the Dog and Brad. In addition to his performing career, he has been active in the music industry as a producer and the owner of a record label and recording studio.  He released his first solo album Bayleaf in 2001; his second, Moonlander, followed in 2013.

Gossard was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Pearl Jam in 2017.
Philip Demers
Philip Demers (born March 21, 1978) is a Canadian former professional marine mammal trainer at Marineland of Canada in Niagara Falls, Ontario. He is best known for his relationship with a captive walrus named Smooshi.

Animal training
Animal training is the act of teaching animals specific responses to specific conditions or stimuli. Training may be for purposes such as companionship, detection, protection,  and entertainment. The type of training an animal receives will vary depending on the training method used, and the purpose for training the animal. For example, a seeing eye dog will be trained to achieve a different goal than a wild animal in a circus.

In some countries animal trainer certification bodies exist. They do not share consistent goals or requirements; they do not prevent someone from practicing as an animal trainer nor using the title. Similarly, the United States does not require animal trainers to have any specific certification. An animal trainer should consider the natural behaviors of the animal and aim to modify behaviors through a basic system of reward and punishment.
Elizaveta Pecherskikh
Elizaveta Pecherskikh (Rogozhnikova; born 25 August 2004) is a Kyrgyzstani swimmer.

In 2018, she represented Kyrgyzstan at the 2018 Asian Games held in Jakarta, Indonesia without winning a medal.

In 2019, she represented Kyrgyzstan at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships held in Gwangju, South Korea. She competed in the women's 200 metre freestyle event and she did not advance to compete in the semi-finals. She also competed in the women's 200 metre backstroke event and in this event she also did not advance to the semi-finals.

Kyrgyzstan at the 2018 Asian Games
The Kyrgyzstan competed at the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta and Palembang, Indonesia, from 18 August to 2 September 2018. Kyrgyzstan made its first appearance at the Asian Games in 1994 Hiroshima, and the best achievement was in the 2002 Busan, with a gold, 5 silver and 6 bronze medals. At the last edition in Incheon, Kyrgyzstan managed to claim 2 silver and 4 bronze medals.
Connecticut's 13th State Senate district
Connecticut's 13th State Senate district elects one member of the Connecticut State Senate. It consists of the city of Meriden, as well as parts of  Middlefield, Middletown and Cheshire. It is currently represented by Democrat Jan Hochadel, who has been serving since 2023.

Cheshire, Connecticut
Cheshire (/ˈtʃɛʃər/ CHEH-shurr), is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. At the time of the 2020 census, the population of Cheshire was 28,733. The town is part of the Naugatuck Valley Planning Region. The center of population of Connecticut is located in Cheshire.
Austrian Handball Federation
The Austrian Handball Federation (German: Österreichischer Handballbund) (ÖHB) is the national organization responsible for managing and promoting the practice of handball and beach handball in Austria. Its head office is located in Vienna. ÖHB was founded on 25 January 1925 and is affiliated to the International Handball Federation, European Handball Federation and Austrian Olympic Committee. Current president of ÖHB is Mr. Gerhard Hofbauer, who held the position since 1996. Mr. Martin Hausleitner is current secretary general of ÖHB.

Beach handball
Beach handball is a team sport where two teams pass and bounce or roll a ball, trying to throw it in the goal of the opposing team. The game is similar to standard handball, but it is played on sand instead of on a solid floor. Because the ball loses most of its bounce on sand, there is little to no dribbling, and players instead perform more passing as the rules of travelling still apply.
Cristina Moros
Cristina Moros (born February 10, 1977) is an American former professional tennis player.

Moros is originally from Florida and was a world number one junior in doubles. Her father Julio, a Venezuelan by birth, is a tennis coach who was a long time assistant to Nick Bollettieri. She is a goddaughter of Bollettieri.

Between 1994 and 1998, Moros played college tennis for the Texas Longhorns and achieved All-American selection in each of her four seasons. In 1995 she was a member of Texas's NCAA championship winning team. She is currently the head coach of the University of South Florida's women's tennis team.

ITF World Champions
The International Tennis Federation (ITF) designates a World Champion each year based on its own majority opinion of performances throughout the year, emphasizing the Grand Slam tournaments, and also considering team events such as the Davis Cup and Fed Cup. Men's and women's singles champions were first named in 1978; the title is now also awarded for doubles, wheelchair, and junior players. It is sometimes named the "ITF Player of the Year" award, alluding to similar other year-end awards in tennis.
1944 Illinois Fighting Illini football team
The 1944 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois as a member of the Big Ten Conference during the 1944 Big Ten season. In their third year under head coach Ray Eliot, the Fighting Illini compiled a 5–3–1 record (3–3 in conference games), finished in sixth place in the Big Ten, and outscored opponents by a total of 273 to 149. They were ranked No. 15 in the final AP poll and lost three games to teams ranked in the top 10 in the AP poll: No. 9 Notre Dame (13–7); No. 8 Michigan (14–0); and No. 2 Ohio State (26–12).

Halfback Buddy Young was selected as the team's most valuable player. Young and guard Ralph "Babe" Serpico received first-team honors from both the Associated Press (AP) and United Press (UP) on the 1944 All-Big Ten Conference football team.

The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Champaign, Illinois.

1944 Ohio State Buckeyes football team
The 1944 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented Ohio State University in the 1944 Big Ten Conference football season. The Buckeyes compiled a 9–0 record. The Buckeyes also outscored opponents 287–79 during the season. The team was named a national champion by the National Championship Foundation and the Sagarin Ratings, but this championship is not claimed by Ohio State.
Rasulpara
Rasulpara is a village / panchayat located in the Gir Gadhada Taluka of Gir Somnath district in Gujarat State, India. Earlier, until August 2013, Rasulpara was part of Una Taluka and Junagadh district. The latitude 20.962273 and longitude 70.925439 are the geo-coordinate of the Village Rasulpara. Gandhinagar is the state capital of Rasulpara village which is located around 375 kilometres away from Rasulpara.

According to Census 2011, with the 234 families, the population of this village is 1495. Out of this, 765 are males and 730 are females. Most residents are dependent on agriculture.

Gir Somnath district
Gir Somnath district is a district of Gujarat, India. Gir somnath district is located on the southern corner of the Kathiawar peninsula with its headquarters at the city of Somnath.

Gir Somnath was split from Junagadh district in August 2013, when seven new districts came into existence in Gujarat.

Veraval, Talala, Sutrapada, Kodinar, Una and Gir-Gadhada are the talukas of Gir Somnath.

The Gir Forest is a home of many wildlife creatures including lions, deer, and monkeys. Asiatic Lions can be only be found in the Gir Forest.
2017–18 Irani Cup
The 2017–18 Irani Cup was the 56th season of Irani Cup, a first-class cricket competition in India. It was played as a one-off match between Vidarbha (the winner of the 2017–18 Ranji trophy) and Rest of India cricket team. The match was played from 14 March 2018 to 18 March 2018 at the Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium, Nagpur.

Rest of India cricket team
Rest of India cricket team (ROI) is a first-class cricket team in India that is composed of players from across the country except for those from the current Ranji Trophy winners. It competes annually against the Ranji Trophy winner for the Irani Cup, in a "The Best vs Best of the Rest" tournament. The team was officially instituted for the 1959–60 Irani Cup, playing its first match on 18 March 1960 against the Bombay.

Rest of India has won Irani Cup 30 times (outright wins and first innings leads in drawn matches) and shared the trophy twice (with Bombay in 1965–66 and Delhi in 1979–80).
Luc Housse
Jean-Pierre Lucas Housse (24 February 1871 – 18 May 1930), known as Luc Housse, was a Luxembourgish politician who served as Mayor of Luxembourg City between 1918 and 1920.  During his stint as mayor, the commune of Luxembourg was expanded to include the former communes of Eich, Hamm, Hollerich, and Rollingergrund, which now form the majority of its suburbs.

There is a street in Cessange, Luxembourg City, named after Housse (Rue Luc Housse).

Eich, Luxembourg
Eich (German pronunciation: [aɪç] ⓘ; Luxembourgish: Eech, pronounced [eːɕ] ⓘ) is a district in northern Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg.

As of 31 December 2025, the district has a population of 3,079 inhabitants.
Kharji Kola
Kharji Kola (Persian: خرجي كلا, also Romanized as Kharjī Kolā; also known as Āgtījkolā and Khajī Kolā) is a village in Lalehabad Rural District, Lalehabad District, Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 357, in 87 families.

Babol County
Babol County(Persian: شهرستان بابل) is the most populous county in Mazandaran province and the second most populous county in northern Iran. The capital of the county is the city of Babol. Babol County consists of six districts, seven cities, and nearly 700 villages.

The elevation of the city of Babol is 2 meters below sea level, making it the "lowest" city in Mazandaran province. The elevation in the county, from the north to 10 kilometers south, is below sea level. The city of Babol is divided into two urban areas. The population of Babol in 2016 was 250,217, and that of Babol County 531,930.
Bald Hill (Australia)
Bald Hill is a hill on the Illawarra Range, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. With an elevation of approximately 180 metres (590 ft) AMSL, Bald Hill is one of the best known and most popular lookouts in the Illawarra region providing panoramic vistas across the Illawarra escarpment and over the Illawarra plain and the Tasman Sea of the South Pacific Ocean.

The nature reserve on the hill is internationally renowned as a major hang gliding and paragliding site. It was on the beach below Bald Hill that Lawrence Hargrave, an Australian pioneer of flight, experimented with box kites in the early part of the 20th century. A memorial cairn dedicated to Hargrave is located at the peak of the hill near the car park.

Paragliding
Paragliding is the recreational and competitive adventure sport of  flying paragliders: lightweight, free-flying, foot-launched glider aircraft with no rigid primary structure. The pilot sits in a harness or in a cocoon-like 'pod' suspended below a fabric wing. Wing shape is maintained by the suspension lines, the pressure of air entering vents in the front of the wing, and the aerodynamic forces of the air flowing over the outside.

Despite not using an engine, paraglider flights can last many hours and cover many hundreds of kilometres, though flights of one to five hours and covering some tens of kilometres are more the norm. By skillful exploitation of sources of lift, the pilot may gain height, often climbing to altitudes of a few thousand metres.
Bakaata
Bakaata (Arabic: بقعاتا; also spelled Boqaâta or Baq'ata) is a town located in the Chouf District of the Mount Lebanon Governorate, about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southeast of Beirut. Its altitude ranges between 850 m (2,790 ft) – 950 m (3,120 ft) high. Bordering towns include Symkanieh, Ain wa Zein, and Jdeidet El Shouf. Its inhabitants are predominantly Druze.

Chouf District
Chouf (also spelled Shouf, Shuf or Chuf; Arabic: جبل الشوف, romanized: Jabal ash-Shouf) is a historic region of Lebanon, as well as an administrative district in the governorate (muhafazat) of Mount Lebanon.