hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Lynch (baseball executive)
Thomas J. Lynch (1859 – February 27, 1924) was an American umpire in Major League Baseball for 13 seasons, all of which were in the National League (NL), between the years of 1888 and 1902.  Known as an honest, but sometimes brash umpire, he later became NL president in 1910 as a compromise among the major league owners.  Although his time as league president was considered uneventful, he was replaced following the 1913 season.

In 1946 Lynch had been named to the Honor Rolls of Baseball by the National Baseball Hall of Fame.

Umpire (baseball)
In baseball, the umpire is the person charged with officiating the game, including beginning and ending the game, enforcing the rules of the game and the grounds, making judgment calls on plays, and handling disciplinary actions. The term is often shortened to the colloquial form ump. They are also sometimes nicknamed blue due to the traditional color of the uniform worn by umpires. Although games were often officiated by a sole umpire in the formative years of the sport, since the turn of the 20th century, officiating has been commonly divided among several umpires, who form the umpiring crew.  The position is analogous to that of a referee in many other sports.
Unitary matrix
In linear algebra, an invertible complex square matrix U is unitary if its matrix inverse U−1 equals its conjugate transpose U*, that is, if

where I is the identity matrix.

In physics, especially in quantum mechanics, the conjugate transpose is referred to as the Hermitian adjoint of a matrix and is denoted by a dagger (⁠⁠), so the equation above is written

A complex matrix U is special unitary if it is unitary and its matrix determinant equals 1.

For real numbers, the analogue of a unitary matrix is an orthogonal matrix. Unitary matrices have significant importance in quantum mechanics because they preserve norms, and thus, probability amplitudes.

Hermitian adjoint
In mathematics, specifically in operator theory, each linear operator  on an inner product space defines a Hermitian adjoint (or adjoint) operator  on that space according to the rule

where  is the inner product on the vector space.

The adjoint may also be called the Hermitian conjugate or simply the Hermitian after Charles Hermite.  It is often denoted by A† in fields like physics, especially when used in conjunction with bra–ket notation in quantum mechanics.  In finite dimensions where operators can be represented by matrices, the Hermitian adjoint is given by the conjugate transpose (also known as the Hermitian transpose).

The above definition of an adjoint operator extends verbatim to bounded linear operators on Hilbert spaces .  The definition has been further extended to include unbounded densely defined operators, whose domain is topologically dense in, but not necessarily equal to,
Bode (crater)
Bode is a small crater located near the central region of the Moon, to the northwest of the joined craters Pallas and Murchison. It lies on a region of raised surface between the Mare Vaporum to the northeast, Sinus Aestuum to the west, and Sinus Medii to the southeast. The crater was named after German astronomer Johann Elert Bode.

This crater is bowl-shaped, with a small interior floor and a ridge along the inner wall to the northeast. It has a minor ray system that extends for a distance of 130 kilometers. There is a group of rilles located to the west of the crater named the Rimae Bode. Its name comes from the name of the crater.

Sinus Medii
Sinus Medii /ˈsaɪnəs ˈmiːdiaɪ/ (Latin sinus mediī "Middle Bay") is a small lunar mare. It takes its name from its location at the intersection of the Moon's equator and prime meridian; as seen from the Earth, this feature is located in the central part of the Moon's near side, and it is the point closest to the Earth. From this spot, the Earth would always appear directly overhead, although the planet's position would vary slightly due to libration.

During the Apollo program, Sinus Medii was designated Apollo Landing Site 3 (ALS3). Flight operations planners were concerned about having the optimum lighting conditions at the landing site. Hence, alternative landing sites moved progressively westward, following the terminator. A delay of two days for weather or equipment reasons would have sent Apollo 11 to Sinus Medii instead of ALS2, Mare Tranquillitatis (where it actually landed); another two-day delay would have resulted in ALS5, a site in Oceanus Procellarum, being targeted.
Mohamed Loutfi
Mohamed Loutfi MBE (born 1967) is an Egyptian British academic administrator who has served as the President and Vice-Chancellor of the British University in Egypt since September 2021.

Loutfi was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2025 King’s Birthday Honours for services to education in the United Kingdom and Egypt.

Academic administration
Academic administration is a branch of university or college employees responsible for the maintenance and supervision of the institution and separate from the faculty or academics, although some personnel may have joint responsibilities. Some type of separate administrative structure exists at almost all academic institutions. Fewer institutions are governed by employees who are also involved in academic or scholarly work. Many senior administrators are academics who have advanced degrees and no longer teach or conduct research.
Young Sinners (play)
Young Sinners is a comedic play by Elmer Harris that first premiered at the Morosco Theatre in New York on November 28, 1929. The three act play was first revived at the New Yorker Theatre on April 20, 1931. It was then revived again at the Ambassador Theatre in New York on March 6, 1933. The cast changed during each revival, but Dorothy Appleby played Constance Sinclair in the original and the two revivals. The 1931 film Young Sinners is based on the play.

Morosco Theatre
The Morosco Theatre was a Broadway theatre near Times Square in New York City from 1917 to 1982. It housed many notable productions and its demolition, along with four adjacent theaters, was controversial.
Glazebrook East Junction–Skelton Junction line
The Glazebrook East Junction–Skelton Junction line was a railway line from Glazebrook to Skelton Junction in Greater Manchester.  It connected the Cheshire Lines Committee main line from Liverpool Central to Manchester Central with lines in the Stockport area (and hence onwards towards the Pennines via the Woodhead Line), allowing freight traffic to bypass central Manchester.  It also carried a local passenger service between Stockport and Warrington Central until the early 1960s.

Woodhead line
The Woodhead line was a railway line linking Sheffield, Penistone and Manchester in the north of England. A key feature of the route is the passage under the high moorlands of the northern Peak District through the Woodhead Tunnels. The line was electrified in 1953 and closed between Hadfield and Penistone in 1981.

The Manchester to Glossop/Hadfield section is still in operation; east of the Pennines, the vicinity of Penistone is still in operation and until 2024 the Sheffield to Deepcar section was still open, although for freight only. The track has been lifted on other sections and much of the trackbed now forms part of the Trans-Pennine Trail and National Cycle Route 62.
Maurice Dafydd
Maurice Dafydd was an 18th-century Welsh hymn-writer.

His works include a booklet published in 1789, containing hymns such as 'Am graig I adeiladu...'. He is thought to have been a member of Bala Congregational Church.

Bala, Gwynedd
Bala (Welsh: Y Bala) is a town and community in Gwynedd, Wales. Formerly an urban district, Bala lies in the historic county of Merionethshire, at the north end of Llyn Tegid. According to the 2021 census, Bala had a population of 1,999 and 72.5 per cent of the population could speak Welsh.
Dave Rainford
David John Rainford (born 21 April 1979) is an English former footballer who is currently director of the Brentford Academy.

Rainford left Dagenham & Redbridge at the end of the 2007–08 season after he was offered a senior teaching role at a local school. During the 2007–08 season, Rainford had become known for being the only semi-professional player in the Football League.

In June 2008 Rainford joined Chelmsford City. On 8 June 2012 he was confirmed as their assistant manager following the departure of Ben Chenery.

Brentford F.C. Reserves and Academy
Brentford F.C. Reserves was the reserve team of Brentford. The reserve team played at varying times from 1900 until 2011. During the 2012 off-season, the English reserve football pyramid and youth system was overhauled under the Elite Player Performance Plan and replaced with a new Academy system and development leagues. Brentford's reserve team was relaunched as the Brentford Development Squad in 2011 and in 2012 it began competing in Professional Development League 2 South. After closing the academy in May 2016, the club withdrew from the Elite Player Performance Plan and Professional Development League and launched a new Brentford B team. Following the first team's promotion to the Premier League in 2021, the club reopened its academy in time for the start of the 2022–23 season, under the Elite Player Performance Plan, while retaining the B team.
Zhang Xuezhong (general)
Zhang Xuezhong (Chinese: 張雪中; Wade–Giles: Chang Hsüeh-chung; 15 July 1899 – 16 June 1995) was a Republic of China general who commanded a division in the important Battle of Taierzhuang. He also worked in the Taiwanese Ministry of National Defence later in his career.

Ministry of National Defense (Taiwan)
The Ministry of National Defense of the Republic of China (MND; Chinese: 中華民國國防部; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó Guófángbù) is the ministry of the Republic of China (ROC), which is now based primarily in the Taiwan Area but formerly governed Mainland China prior to 1949. It is responsible for all defense and military affairs of Taiwan and surrounding area. The MND has been headed by Minister Wellington Koo since 2024.
1946 La Paz riots
The 1946 La Paz riots were a series of increasingly violent strikes and protests which culminated in the lynching and hanging of then president of Bolivia, Gualberto Villarroel, and the complete collapse of his government. The riots occurred in La Paz between 8 and 21 July 1946. What started as teachers' strikes demanding increased wages quickly escalated as university students, organized labor workers, and civilians clashed with municipal police and armed, pro-government civilians. By the end, interim control of the country was handed to a junta of representatives of the three striking groups chaired by independent magistrates of the Superior Court of Justice of the judicial district of La Paz.

General strike
A general strike (or mass strike) is a strike action in which a substantial proportion of the total labour force in a city, region, or country participates. General strikes are characterised by the participation of workers from a multitude of workplaces across different industries, and tend to involve entire communities. They are often used to strengthen the bargaining position of a trade union or achieve a common social or political goal. General strikes first occurred in the mid-19th century and have characterised many historically important strikes.
Francisco de Paula Santander University
The Francisco de Paula Santander University (Spanish: Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander) is a public, coeducational, research university based primarily in the city of Cúcuta, Colombia, with regional campuses in Ocaña, Colombia, Chinacota and Tibú.

It is the largest university in the state with more than 25,000 students. It offers 50 academic programmes, including 37 undergraduate degrees and 13 graduate degrees.

Chinácota
Chinácota is a small town and municipality located in the Norte de Santander department in Colombia. This department is located in the north-eastern region of the country, near the border with Venezuela. Chinácota has a population of approximately 15,000 people (town plus surroundings) according to the 2005 Colombian census.

The municipality of Chinácota extends over 167 square kilometers and is located at an approximate altitude of 1,175 meters over the sea level. The average temperature range is between 12 and 22 degrees Celsius.

The urban area of Chinácota comprises about 29 neighborhoods and includes a residential count of approximately 2,600 houses.  Chinácota was expected to grow by about 66% by 2011.
Mohammad Reza Kalaei
Mohammad Reza Kalaei (born 8 January 1980) is an economist who served as the Director of Sarakhs Special Economic Zone. He previously worked as the mayor of Mashhad.

He holds a PhD in Iranian Economics from Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. On November 18, 2018, kalaei was elected mayor by members of the Islamic City Council of Mashhad. On December 11, 2018, he officially started his activity with the order of Interior Minister Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli.

Prior to his election as mayor of Mashhad, Kalaei served in the Ministry of Cooperation, Labour, and Social Welfare, the National Steel Pension Fund, the Tehran Municipality and the Research Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly.

Also, Kalaei participated in the elections of the tenth term of the Islamic Consultative Assembly as a candidate in the constituencies of Mashhad and Kalat, and with 226,645 votes, he was in the ninth place and did not enter the tenth term of the Islamic Consultative Assembly.

Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli
Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli (Persian: عبدالرضا رحمانی فضلی; born 1959) is an Iranian conservative politician who has served as the ambassador of Iran to China in the Government of Masoud Pezeshkian since 21 May 2025. He was also Minister of Interior in Hassan Rouhani's government and the president of  the Supreme Audit Court from 2008 to 2013.
Public Administration Award
The Public Administration Awards (Bengali: জনপ্রশাসন পদক) is a recognition given by the government of Bangladesh to public officials for their creative and innovative contributions. The award was introduced in 2015 by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina to encourage high-ranking government officers to perform their duties with greater dedication. According to the Public Administration Award Policy 2015, it is considered the highest honor for government officials in Bangladesh. Recipients of this award are entitled to use the post-nominal letters PAA after their names.

Post-nominal letters
Post-nominal letters, also called post-nominal initials, post-nominal titles, designatory letters, or simply post-nominals, are letters placed after a person's name to indicate that the individual holds a position, an academic degree, accreditation, an office, a military decoration, or honour, or is a member of a religious institute or fraternity. An individual may use several different sets of post-nominal letters, but in some contexts it may be customary to limit the number of sets to one or just a few. The order in which post-nominals are listed after a name is based on rules of precedence and what is appropriate for a given situation. Post-nominal letters are one of the main types of name suffix. In contrast, pre-nominal letters precede the name rather than follow it, such as addressing a physician or professor as "Dr. Smith".
Landsort-class mine countermeasures vessel
The Landsort-class mine countermeasures vessel were built by Swedish shipbuilding company, Kockums (formerly Karlskronavarvet) for the Swedish Navy and the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN) between 1983 and 1996.

Swedish Navy
The Swedish Navy (Swedish: Svenska marinen) is the maritime service branch of the Swedish Armed Forces. It is composed of surface and submarine naval units – the Fleet (Flottan), formally sometimes referred to as the Royal Navy (Kungliga Flottan) – as well as marine units, the Amphibious Corps (Amfibiekåren).

Founded under King Gustav Vasa in 1522, the Swedish navy is one of the oldest continuously serving navies in the world, celebrating its 500th anniversary in 2022.
Nils Engelhart
Nils Engelhart (c. 1668–1719) was a Norwegian Lutheran priest.

Nils Engelhart was born in Meldal in Søndre Trondhjem county. His father Daniel Engelhart (c. 1638-1733) was the magistrate and later mining administrator. Løkken Mine was located in the same parish. He studied for the ministry in Copenhagen while serving in the Danish-Norwegian Navy. In 1693, he was assigned a personnel chaplain at Tingvoll Church in Romsdalen. Nils Engelhart had several priesthood assignments in Nordmøre and Romsdal in subsequently years.

Engelhart was an active participant of the pietist association Syvstjernen, along with his friend Thomas von Westen. The influence from Syvstjernen marked a beginning of the Pietism movement in Norway. Engelhart died in Veøy in 1719.

Sør-Trøndelag
Sør-Trøndelag (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈsø̂ːˌʈrœndəlɑːɡ] ⓘ; lit. 'South Trøndelag') was a county comprising the southern portion of the present-day Trøndelag county in Norway. It bordered the old Nord-Trøndelag (lit. 'North Trøndelag') county as well as the counties of Møre og Romsdal, Oppland, and Hedmark. To the west is the Norwegian Sea (Atlantic Ocean), and to the east is Jämtland in Sweden. The county was separated into a northern and southern part by the Trondheimsfjorden. Slightly over 200,000 of the county's population (or around 55%) lives in the city of Trondheim and its suburbs. The Norwegian dialect of the region is Trøndersk.

The region was divided into two administrative counties in 1804. In 2016, the two county councils voted to merge into a single county, which became effective 1 January 2018.
Ghulam Jilani Barq
G̲h̲ulām Jīlānī Barq (Urdu: غلام جیلانی برق‎; 26 October 1901, Basal, Attock District - 12 March 1985, Attock) was a 20th Century Pakistani Islamic scholar, theologian, educator, scholar, author and translator.

Basal, Attock
Basal (Urdu: بسال) is a village in Jand Tehsil of Attock district in the Punjab Province of Pakistan.

The village is prominent for having stations of Pakistan Railways, namely two small stations of Basal Sharif and Sulemanabad and the Basal Junction railway station.
Jean-René Cazalets
Jean-René Cazalets is a neuroscientist and the director of the Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA, CNRS UMR5287) at the University of Bordeaux. He obtained his PhD in 1987 for research done on the nervous system of lobsters.

University of Bordeaux
The University of Bordeaux (French: Université de Bordeaux, pronounced [ynivɛʁsite də bɔʁdo]) is a public research university based in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

It has several campuses in the cities and towns of Bordeaux, Dax, Gradignan, Périgueux, Pessac, and Talence. There are also several smaller teaching sites in various other towns in the region, including in Bayonne.

The University of Bordeaux counts more than 50,000 students, over 6,000 of which are international. Alumni include three Nobel Prize winners, two members of France's National Assembly, a member of the Chamber of Deputies, and a King of Morocco. It is a member of the ComUE d'Aquitaine university group.
San José, Entre Ríos
San José (also called Villa San José) is a city in the center-east of the province of Entre Ríos, Argentina, located some 10 km northwest from Colón, near the Uruguay River. It has about 16,000 inhabitants as per the 2010 census [INDEC].

Entre Ríos Province
Entre Ríos (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈentɾe ˈri.os], 'Between Rivers') is a central province of Argentina, located in the Mesopotamia region. It borders the provinces of Buenos Aires (south), Corrientes (north) and Santa Fe (west), and Uruguay in the east.

Its capital is Paraná (391,000 inhabitants), which lies on the Paraná River, opposite the city of Santa Fe.

Together with Córdoba and Santa Fe, since 1999, the province is part of the economic-political association known as the Center Region.
Claude Dagens
Claude Jean Pierre Dagens (French pronunciation: [klod ʒɑ̃ pjɛʁ daʒɑ̃s]; born 20 May 1940 in Bordeaux, Gironde) is a French prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as bishop of Angoulême from 1993 to 2015.

Gironde
Gironde (/ʒɪˈrɒnd/ zhih-ROND, US usually /dʒɪˈ-/ jih-; French: [ʒiʁɔ̃d] ⓘ; Occitan: Gironda, pronounced [dʒiˈɾundɔ]) is the largest department in the southwestern French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Named after the Gironde estuary, a major waterway, its prefecture is Bordeaux. In 2019, it had a population of 1,623,749. The famous Bordeaux wine region is in Gironde. It has six arrondissements, making it one of the departments with the most arrondissements (Nord also has six, while Pas-de-Calais has the most of any department, with seven).
Out of Left Field
Out of Left Field is the forty-fifth studio album by American musician Hank Williams Jr. It was released by Curb/Capricorn Records on March 9, 1993. "Everything Comes Down to Money and Love" and "Diamond Mine" were released as singles. The album peaked at number 25 on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart.

Curb Records
Curb Records (also known as Asylum-Curb and formerly known as MCG Curb) is an American record label started by Mike Curb, originally as Sidewalk Records in 1963. From 1969 to 1973, Curb merged with MGM Records where Curb served as President of MGM and Verve Records.
Namebench
Namebench is an open-source Domain Name System (DNS) benchmark utility by Google, Inc, which is licensed under the Apache License, version 2.0. Namebench runs on Windows, OS X, and Unix. It is  available with a graphical user interface as well as a command-line interface. Its purpose is to find the fastest DNS server one could use. The project began as a 20% project at Google. It can run the benchmark using your web browser history, tcpdump output, or standardized datasets, in order to provide an individualized recommendation. Namebench was written using open-source tools and libraries. It was created by Google engineer Thomas Stromberg.

Tcpdump
tcpdump is a data-network packet analyzer computer program that runs under a command line interface. It allows the user to display TCP/IP and other packets being transmitted or received over a network to which the computer is attached. Distributed under the BSD license, tcpdump is free software.

Tcpdump works on most Unix-like operating systems: Linux, Solaris, FreeBSD, DragonFly BSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, OpenWrt, macOS, HP-UX 11i, and AIX.  In those systems, tcpdump uses the libpcap library to capture packets. The port of tcpdump for Windows is called WinDump; it uses WinPcap, the Windows version of libpcap.
Adān
ʿAdān (Arabic: العدان, Gulf Arabic pronunciation: il-ʿAdān) is a residential area in the Mubarak Al-Kabeer Governorate in Kuwait, located approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) from the centre of Kuwait City, the national capital.

Mubarak Al-Kabeer (governorate)
Mubarak Al-Kabeer Governorate (Arabic: محافظة مبارك الكبير, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Mubārak al-Kabīr) is one of the governorates of Kuwait which mainly houses residential areas of Kuwait City. It was formed in 27 November 1999 when the Hawalli Governorate was split in two, and was formerly called Qurain Governorate. It was named after Mubarak Al-Sabah, the seventh ruler of the Sheikhdom of Kuwait.
Kevin J. Murphy (professor)
Kevin James Murphy (born 1957) is a professor at the University of Southern California. Since 2006, Murphy has held the Kenneth L. Trefftzs Chair in Finance at the USC Marshall School of Business.  He is also a Professor of Law at the USC Gould School of Law and Professor of Economics at USC's College of Letters, Arts & Science.

USC Gould School of Law
The University of Southern California Gould School of Law located in Los Angeles, California, is the law school of the University of Southern California. The oldest law school in the Southwestern United States, USC Law traces its beginnings to 1896 and became affiliated with USC in 1900. It was named in honor of Judge James Gould in the mid-1960s.