hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
WION (AM)
WION (1430 kHz, "I-1430") is a commercial full-service AM radio station licensed to serve Ionia, Michigan. The station is owned by Packer Radio WION, LLC and features a mix of locally programmed music, news, and sports. WION transmits in C-QUAM AM stereo.

C-QUAM
C-QUAM (Compatible QUadrature Amplitude Modulation) is the method of AM stereo broadcasting used in Canada, the United States and most other countries. It was invented in 1977 by Norman Parker, Francis Hilbert, and Yoshio Sakaie, and published in an IEEE journal.

Using circuitry developed by Motorola, C-QUAM uses quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) to encode the stereo separation signal. This extra signal is then stripped down in such a way that it is compatible with the envelope detector of older receivers, hence the name C-QUAM for Compatible. A 25 Hz pilot tone is added to trigger receivers; unlike its counterpart in FM radio, this carrier is not necessary for the reconstruction of the original audio sources.
Phenotypic heterogeneity
Phenotypic heterogeneity describes different mutations in the same gene that can sometimes give rise to strikingly different phenotypes.

E.g., certain loss-of-function mutations in the RET gene, which encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, can cause dominantly inherited failure of development of colonic ganglia, leading to defective colonic motility and severe chronic constipation (Hirschsprung disease).

Tyrosine
L-Tyrosine or tyrosine (symbol Tyr or Y) or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. It is a conditionally essential amino acid with a polar side group. The word "tyrosine" is from the Greek tyrós, meaning cheese, as it was first discovered in 1846 by German chemist Justus von Liebig in the protein casein from cheese. It is called tyrosyl when referred to as a functional group or side chain. While tyrosine is generally classified as a hydrophobic amino acid, it is more hydrophilic than phenylalanine. It is encoded by the codons UAC and UAU in messenger RNA.

The one-letter symbol Y was assigned to tyrosine for being alphabetically nearest of those letters available. Note that T was assigned to the structurally simpler threonine, U was avoided for its similarity with V for valine, W was assigned to tryptophan, while X was reserved for undetermined or atypical amino acids. The mnemonic tYrosine was also proposed.
Gujarati Americans
Gujarati Americans are Americans that are ethnic Gujaratis. They are a subgroup of Indian Americans and Pakistani Americans.

The highest concentration of the Gujarati American population by a significant margin, with over 100,000 Gujarati individuals, is in the New York City Metropolitan Area, notably in the growing Gujarati diasporic center of India Square, or Little Gujarat, in Jersey City, New Jersey, and Edison and Monroe Township in Middlesex County in Central New Jersey. Significant immigration from India to the United States started after the landmark Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, Early immigrants after 1965 were highly educated professionals. Since U.S. immigration laws allow sponsoring immigration of parents, children and particularly siblings on the basis of family reunion, the numbers rapidly swelled in a phenomenon known as "chain migration".

Gujarati people
The Gujarati people, or Gujaratis, are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group native to the Indian state of Gujarat. They primarily speak Gujarati, an Indo-Aryan language. Gujaratis have diaspora across India as well in a large number of countries around the world.
Vaughan, North Carolina
Vaughan is an unincorporated community in Warren County, North Carolina, United States. The community is located on U.S. Route 158, 4.5 miles (7.2 km) east of Macon. Vaughan had its own post office until October 22, 2011; it still has its own ZIP code, 27586.

The Mary Ann Browne House and Buck Spring Plantation are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Macon, North Carolina
Macon is a town located in Warren County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, Macon had a population of 110. It is named for Nathaniel Macon, long-time Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives.
Cassiterite
Cassiterite is a tin oxide mineral, SnO2.  It is generally opaque, but it is translucent in thin crystals. Its luster and multiple crystal faces produce a desirable gem. Cassiterite was the chief tin ore throughout ancient history and remains the most important source of tin today.

Stephanus of Byzantium
Stephanus or Stephen of Byzantium (Latin: Stephanus Byzantinus; Ancient Greek: Στέφανος Βυζάντιος, Stéphanos Byzántios; fl. 6th century AD) was an Eastern Roman grammarian and the author of an important geographical dictionary entitled Ethnica (Ἐθνικά). Only meagre fragments of the dictionary survive, but the epitome is extant, compiled by one Hermolaus, not otherwise identified.
Imtiaz (retail chain)
Imtiaz (Urdu pronunciation: [ɪm.t̪ɪˈjaːz] im-tee-AHZ) is a Pakistani discount retailer chain that operates a chain of supermarkets across the country. It is headquartered in Karachi.

Imtiaz is the chief competitor of Metro and Carrefour in Pakistan.

Chain store
A chain store or retail chain is a retail outlet in which several locations share a brand, central management, and standardized business practices. They have come to dominate many retail markets, dining markets, and service categories in many parts of the world. A franchised retail establishment is one form of a chain store.  In 2005, the world's largest retail chain, Walmart, became the world's largest corporation based on gross sales.
Traveling tournament problem
The traveling tournament problem (TTP) is a mathematical optimization problem. The question involves scheduling a series of teams such that:

Each team plays every other team twice, once at home and once in the other's stadium.

No team plays the same opponent in two consecutive weeks.

No team plays more than three games in a row at home, or three games in a row on the road.

A matrix is provided of the travel distances between each team's home city. All teams start and end at their own home city, and the goal is to minimize the total travel distance for every team over the course of the whole season.

There have been many papers published on the subject, and a contest exists to find the best solutions for certain specific schedules.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Saddleback Horn
The Horn (or Saddleback Horn) is a mountain located in Franklin County, Maine. The Horn is flanked to the southwest by the main summit of Saddleback Mountain, to the northeast by Saddleback Junior, and to the northwest by Potato Nubble.

The Horn drains to the northeast into Redington Stream, then into the South Branch of the Dead River, the Kennebec River, and into the Gulf of Maine. The Horn drains to the west into Saddleback Lake, then into Redington Stream. The Horn drains to the south into Winship Stream, then into Conant Stream, Orbeton Stream, and the Sandy River, another tributary of the Kennebec. The Horn drains to the southeast into Hardy Stream, then into Orbeton Stream.

The Appalachian Trail, a 2,170 mi (3,490 km) National Scenic Trail from Georgia to Maine, runs along the ridge of Saddleback, including the summit of The Horn.

South Branch Dead River
The South Branch Dead River is a 26.3-mile-long (42.3 km) tributary of the Dead River in Franklin County, Maine.

From the outflow of Saddleback Lake (44°58′30″N 70°33′18″W﻿ / ﻿44.9750°N 70.5550°W﻿ / 44.9750; -70.5550﻿ (South Branch Dead River source)) below Saddleback Mountain, the river runs northeast to Eustis, where its confluence with the North Branch of the Dead River was drowned by the impoundment of Flagstaff Lake in 1950.

The Northern Forest Canoe Trail (NFCT) is a 740-mile (1,190 km) marked canoeing route extending from Old Forge, New York to Fort Kent, Maine. From a four-mile portage between Rangeley on Rangeley Lake and Dallas Plantation on the South Branch, the trail runs about 35 miles (60 km) down the South Branch, Flagstaff Lake, and the Dead River, to the mouth of Spencer Stream below Grand Falls.
Bidding fee auction
A bidding fee auction, also called a penny auction, is a type of all-pay auction in which all participants must pay a non-refundable fee to place each small incremental bid. The auction is extended each time a new bid is placed, typically by 10 to 20 seconds. Once time expires without a new bid being placed, the last bidder wins the auction and pays the amount of that bid. The auctioneer profits from both the fees charged to place bids and the payment for the winning bid; these combined revenues frequently total more than the value of the item being sold. Empirical evidence suggests that revenues from these auctions exceeds theoretical predictions for rational agents. This has been credited to the sunk cost fallacy. Such auctions are typically held over the Internet, rather than in person.

Sunk cost
In economics and business decision-making, a sunk cost (also known as retrospective cost) is a cost that has already been incurred and cannot be recovered. Sunk costs are contrasted with prospective costs, which are future costs that may be avoided if action is taken. In other words, a sunk cost is a sum paid in the past that should no longer be relevant to decisions about the future. Even though economists argue that sunk costs are no longer relevant to future rational decision-making, people in everyday life often take previous expenditures in situations, such as repairing a car or house, into their future decisions regarding those properties.
Oliver Municipal Airport
Oliver Municipal Airport (TC LID: CAU3) is a registered aerodrome located adjacent to Oliver, British Columbia, Canada. The airport has been considered for expansion.

The aerodrome is the home of Okanagan-Kooteney Air Cadet Gliding Program, Kootenay Valley Helicopters, Transwest Helicopters, Oliver Osoyoos Search and Rescue (OOSAR) and Oliver Fire Department (OFD).

Oliver, British Columbia
Oliver is a town  near the south end of the Okanagan Valley in the southern interior of British Columbia, Canada, with a population of nearly 5,000 people. It is located along the Okanagan River by Tuc-el-nuit Lake between Osoyoos and Okanagan Falls, and is labelled as the Wine Capital of Canada by Tourism British Columbia. It was once "The Home of the Cantaloupe" as well as the "Home of the International Horseshow."

The community of Oliver is made up of land governed by three different bodies: the Town of Oliver, the Regional District of Okanagan-Similkameen and the Osoyoos Indian Band.

Local industries include grape and fruit production, agritourism, wine production, ranching, golfing and recreation, retail and service trades. Some of the largest employers include Osoyoos Indian Band, School District #53, Interior Health and Okanagan Tree Fruit Cooperative.
Canada men's national futsal team
The Canadian national futsal team represents Canada in international men's futsal competitions.  They are overseen by the Canadian Soccer Association, the governing body for soccer in Canada.

Their first FIFA sanctioned international was played in 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands at the 1989 FIFA Futsal World Cup against Argentina. The match resulted in a 3–1 loss. Their most recent tournament was the 2024 CONCACAF Futsal Championship.

1989 FIFA Futsal World Championship
The 1989 FIFA Futsal World Championship was the first FIFA Futsal World Championship, the quadrennial international futsal championship contested by the men's national teams of the member associations of FIFA. It was held between 5 and 15 January 1989 in the Netherlands. It was the first non-Olympic FIFA tournament held in the country.

Brazil won the tournament.
Mycomya cinerascens
Mycomya cinerascens  is a Palearctic species of  'fungus gnats' in the family Mycetophilidae. Mycomya cinerascens  is found in forest or wooded areas where the larvae develop  in fruiting bodies of Stereum, Thelephora terrestris and Cortinarius sp..Besides fruiting bodies the species has been collected with emergence traps over beech logs and stumps, alder and spruce stumps.

Microhabitat. Belgium

Stereum
Stereum is the type genus of the Stereaceae family of fungi, in the Russulales order. Common names for species of this genus include leaf fungus, wax fungus, and shelf fungus. Fungi having a shape similar to a Stereum are said to have a stereoid shape. Stereum contains 27 species that have a widespread distribution.
Enrique Chediak
Enrique Chediak ASC (born June 7, 1967) is an Ecuadorian cinematographer, who works mostly in American features.

He was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Cinematography for his work on 127 Hours (2010).

American Society of Cinematographers
The American Society of Cinematographers (ASC), founded in Hollywood in 1919, is a cultural, educational, and professional organization that is neither a labor union nor a guild. The society was organized to advance the science and art of cinematography and gather a wide range of cinematographers to discuss techniques and ideas and to advocate for motion pictures as a type of art form. Currently, the president of the ASC is Mandy Walker.

Members use the post-nominal letters "ASC". On the 1920 film titled Sand!, cinematographer Joseph H. August, who was an original member of the ASC, became the first individual to have the "ASC" appear after his name on the onscreen credit.

Only cinematographers and special effect supervisors can become ASC members. Basic requirements include being a director of photography for a minimum five out of the last eight years, having a high professional reputation and being recommended by three active or retired ASC members.
Hōki-in
Hōki-in (法起院) is a Buddhist temple located in the Hatsuse neighborhood of the city of Sakurai, Nara Prefecture, Japan. It belongs to the Shingon-shū Buzan-ha sect of Japanese Buddhism and its honzon (primary image) is a statue of Tokudo Shōnin. The temple's full name is Hase-dera Kaisan-bō Hōki-in (長谷寺 開山坊 法起院). The temple is a "bangai" (supernumerary) temple located between the 7th and 8th stops on the 33 temple Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage route.

Shingon-shū Buzan-ha
Buzan-ha (真言宗豊山派, Shingon-shū Buzan-ha) is a sect of new school of Shingon Buddhism (新義真言宗 Shingi Shingon-shū) founded in the 16th century by the priest Senyo Sōjō (専誉僧正). The main Buzan-ha temple is Hase-dera in Sakurai, Nara.

While the reformed Shingon (shingi) faction, established by the priest Kakuban, is synonymous with the Chisan-ha sect, the Buzan-ha sect was strongly tied with the Tokugawa clan, receiving support from the shogunate, and the main temple, Gokoku-ji, where it became a focal point for spreading the Shingon teachings for the Kanto region. While gaining many followers in Kanto, historical circumstances led to only one branch temple existing in the Chūgoku and Kyushu regions due to the dispersal and consolidation of the Shingon sect.
Downtown Salem Historic District (Salem, South Dakota)
The Downtown Salem Historic District in Salem, South Dakota is a small (2 acres (0.81 ha)) historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.  It contained just three contributing buildings, at 140, 200 and 201 N. Main.

The three buildings are corner buildings facing onto N. Main Street.  They were built in 1889, 1902 and 1914. The three buildings were deemed to be the only ones surviving in Salem's business district and having historic integrity.

The buildings are:

Sessler Building (1914), Commercial style.

Salem Bank (1902), 200 North Main, a two-story brick Richardsonian Romanesque commercial building, with arches over its corner entrance.

1899 Bank Building (1899), also known as Old Salem Bank, 201 North Main, a two-story brick commercial building with both Italianate and Queen Anne details.

Richardsonian Romanesque
Richardsonian Romanesque is a style of Romanesque Revival architecture named after the American architect Henry Hobson Richardson (1838–1886). The revival style incorporates 11th- and 12th-century southern French, Spanish, and Italian Romanesque characteristics. Richardson first used elements of the style in his Richardson Olmsted Complex in Buffalo, New York, designed in 1870, and Trinity Church in Boston is his most well-known example of this medieval revival style. Multiple architects followed in this style in the late 19th century; Richardsonian Romanesque later influenced modern styles of architecture as well.
Blithe Spirit (2020 film)
Blithe Spirit is a 2020 British supernatural comedy film set in the late 1930s, directed by Edward Hall in his feature film debut, and starring Dan Stevens, Leslie Mann, Isla Fisher, Judi Dench, Emilia Fox, Julian Rhind-Tutt, Adil Ray, Michele Dotrice, and Aimee-Ffion Edwards. Based upon the 1941 comic farce play of the same name by Noël Coward, the film is a significantly reworked adaptation for the screen by Nick Moorcroft, Meg Leonard, and Piers Ashworth. This is the second feature film adaptation of Coward's play after the 1945 version directed by David Lean.

Blithe Spirit had its world premiere at the 2020 Mill Valley Film Festival, and was released in the United Kingdom on 15 January 2021. The film received generally negative reviews from critics.

Michele Dotrice
Michele Dotrice (born 27 September 1948) is an English actress. She played Betty Spencer, the long-suffering wife of Frank Spencer, portrayed by Michael Crawford, in the BBC sitcom Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em, which ran from 1973 to 1978, and returned in 2016 for a special.
Mineks & Regnum Ladies Classic
The Mineks & Regnum Ladies Classic was a women's professional golf tournament on the LET Access Series, held in Antalya, Turkey.

The inaugural tournament held in November 2013 at National Golf Club in Belek, served as the season finale. The tournament was won by Chloé Leurquin in a playoff and marked the first time the LET Access Series staged an event outside Europe.

In 2014, the event was held in September and sponsored by both the Mineks International and the Regnum Carya Golf Spa Resort. Emma Westin won the event two strokes ahead of compatriot Lina Boqvist.

LET Access Series
The LET Access Series (LETAS) is a professional golf tour for women and the official development tour to the Ladies European Tour.

Launched in 2010, the LET Access Series provides players with an opportunity to compete and progress on to the LET. Eligible for membership are all female professional golfers and amateurs over 18 with a handicap of 2 or better.
Simle
Simle is a former village development committee in the Himalayas of Terhathum District in the Kosi Zone of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5073 people living in 898 individual households.

On 10 March 2017, it was merged into the Phedap Rural Municipality after the existing VDCs were dissolved by the Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration and replaced with larger Rural Municipality administrative districts.

Kosi Zone
Kosi or Koshi (Nepali: कोसी अञ्चल, Nepali: कोशी अञ्चल Listenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal until the restructure of zones to provinces. The headquarters of Kosi Zone was Biratnagar which was also its largest city. Other cities of Kosi Zone were Inaruwa, Dharan, Dhankuta, Jhumka, Duhabi, Tarahara and Itahari. Its main rivers were Arun, Tamor and Sapta Koshi.
James Brown Winston
James Brown Winston (1820–1884) was the first medical officer of the City of Los Angeles, California, in the 19th century. He also was a member of both the Los Angeles Common Council, the city's governing body, and the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors.

He and his wife operated the historic Bella Union Hotel in the Los Angeles Plaza area.

Los Angeles Plaza
Los Angeles Plaza or Plaza de Los Ángeles is located in Los Angeles, California. It is the central point of the Los Angeles Plaza Historic District. When Spanish Governor Felipe de Neve founded the Pueblo de Los Ángeles, his first act was to locate a plaza for the geographical center from which his town should radiate. De Neve's plaza was rectangular in form—75 varas wide by 100 in length. It was located north of the church; its southerly line very nearly coincided with the northerly line of West Marchessault street. On this, the cuartel (guard house), the public granary, the government house and the capilla (chapel), fronted.

It is located just north of the original village site of Yaanga, which was used as a reference point in the construction of the plaza.
Florentin Banu
Florentin Banu is a business man from Timișoara.
In 1994 he created the "Joe" waffles (his nickname from childhood) which he sold in 2000 to Nestlé.

With his earnings from this transaction he founded in 2001 the supermarket network Artima. He sold it in 2005 to the investment fund Enterprise Investors and later acquired by Carrefour.

After that with his brother Daniel Banu he created BanuInvest group that created Banuconstruct, Banusport and Interpart Production.

Carrefour
Carrefour Group, S.A. (French: Groupe Carrefour, [kaʁfuʁ] ⓘ), is a French multinational retail and wholesaling corporation headquartered in Massy, France. It operates a chain of hypermarkets, grocery stores and convenience stores. By 2024, the group had 14,000 stores in 40 countries. It is the seventh-largest retailer in the world by revenue.
Operation Delphin
Operation Delphin was an anti-partisan operation in the Independent State of Croatia that took place in World War II, from 15 November to 1 December 1943. The objective of the mission was to destroy the Partisan elements on the Dalmatian islands off central Dalmatia.

The Axis forces included:

114th Jäger Division (main force)

264th Infantry Division (elements)

Küstenjäger-Abteilung (Coastal Raiders Battalion) "Brandenburg"

DKM Flak cruiser Niobe, 1 destroyer, several gunboats, 2 armed steamers, 3 Siebel ferries, and numerous smaller ships, boats and landing craft.

HNLMS Gelderland (1898)
60°29′N 26°58′E﻿ / ﻿60.48°N 26.96°E﻿ / 60.48; 26.96

HNLMS Gelderland (Dutch: Hr.Ms. Gelderland) was a Holland-class protected cruiser of the Royal Netherlands Navy. During its career in the Dutch Navy it was most notable for being the ship Queen Wilhelmina sent to Portuguese East Africa to transport Paul Kruger to Europe during the Second Boer War. The ship was taken over by the Germans during World War II, rebuilt as an anti-aircraft cruiser and renamed Niobe. Commissioned into the German navy on 1 March 1944, she was sunk in Kotka harbour in Finland on 16 July 1944.