hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Blat (favors)
In Russian culture, blat (Russian: блат) is a form of corruption comprising a system of informal agreements, exchanges of services, connections, Party contacts, or black market deals to achieve results or get ahead.

In the context of corruption in the Soviet Union, blat was widespread because of the permanent shortage of consumer goods and services. This was due to the administrative-command economy and coexistent maladministration. Networks of blat made it easier for the general public to gain access to much-coveted goods and services. Blat also took place at the enterprise-level in the form of tolkachs, employees whose explicit role was to exploit their networks to secure positive outcomes for their employers.

The system of blat can be seen as an example of a social network with some similarities to networking (especially "good ol' boy" networks) in the United States, old boy networks in the United Kingdom and the former British Empire, and guanxi in China.

Culture of Russia
Russian culture (Russian: Культура России, romanized: Kul'tura Rossii, IPA: [kʊlʲˈturə rɐˈsʲiɪ]) has been formed by the nation's history, its geographical location and its vast expanse, religious and social traditions, and both Eastern and Western influence. Cultural scientists believe that the influence of the East was fairly insignificant, since the Mongols did not coexist with the Russians during conquest, and the indigenous peoples were subjected to reverse cultural assimilation. Unlike the Scandinavian and more western neighbors, which have become the main reason for the formation of modern culture among Russians. Russian writers and philosophers have played an important role in the development of European thought. The Russians have also greatly influenced classical music, ballet, theatre, painting, cinema and sport, The nation has also made pioneering contributions to science and technology and space exploration.
Joker Fuel of Norway
Joker Fuel of Norway (UCI team code: JFN) was a UCI Continental cycling team based in Norway,
 managed by Birger Hungerholdt with assistance from directeur sportifs Gino van Oudehove and Anders Linnestad. The team had well known riders, including Alexander Kristoff who rode for the team from 2007 to 2009, and Edvald Boasson Hagen who joined the team in 2006 Maxbo–Bianchi and in his first season in the continental circuits he took eight wins including three stages of the Tour de l'Avenir.

The team folded in 2020 due to financial pressures of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Reidar Borgersen
Reidar Bohlin Borgersen (born 10 April 1980) is a Norwegian former racing cyclist, and speed skater. He rode at the 2014 UCI Road World Championships, and was the 2012 and 2014 winner of the Norwegian National Time Trial Championships.
Edward E. Louis Jr.
Edward E. Louis Jr. is an American conservation geneticist who founded the Madagascar Biodiversity Partnership (MBP) in 2010. He is both the Director of Conservation Genetics at Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium and the General Director of the MBP. Louis attended the Texas A&M University receiving his DVM in 1994 and his Ph.D. in Genetics in 1996.

His team was responsible for the identification of 11 species of sportive lemur (Lepilemur) in 2006. He has also helped describe three mouse lemurs (Microcebus) in 2006 and two more mouse lemurs in 2008. He is one of the authors of Lemurs of Madagascar.

Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium
Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium is a zoo in Omaha, Nebraska. It is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums and a member of the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums. In August 2014, TripAdvisor rated it the "world's best zoo", ahead of the San Diego Zoo and Loro Parque, based on an algorithmic assimilation of millions of reviews for 275 major zoos worldwide.

The zoo is known for its leadership in animal conservation and research. Evolving from the public Riverview Park Zoo established in 1894, today the zoo includes several notable exhibits. "Kingdoms of the Night" is the world's largest nocturnal exhibit and indoor swamp, the "Lied Jungle" is one of the world's largest indoor rainforests, and the "Desert Dome" is one of the world's largest indoor deserts, as well as the largest glazed geodesic dome.

The zoo's mission includes four pillars—conservation, research, recreation, and education—which are represented by the four squares in the logo.
Three Evils
The Three Evils (Chinese: 三股势力; lit. 'three streams of forces') is a political slogan of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) defined as terrorism, separatism (or "splittism") and religious extremism. The phrase refers to declared counter-terrorism operations undertaken by China, Central Asian republics, and Russia, primarily as related to Xinjiang. The CCP views each of the Three Evils as interrelated phenomena driving persistent instability in the westernmost province of Xinjiang, and the slogan has been deployed extensively in support of Xinjiang internment camps since 2017.

Secession in China
Secession in China refers to several secessionist movements in the People's Republic of China. Many current separatist movements in China arise from racism and other issues. Some of the factors that have created these ethnic issues include history, nationalism, economic and political disparity, religion, and other factors. China has historically had tensions between the majority Han and other minority ethnic groups, particularly in rural and border regions. Historically, other ruling ethnicities, such as the Manchu of the early-Qing dynasty, experienced ethnic issues as well.
Georgi Petrov (ice hockey)
Georgi Petrov (Russian: Георгий Юрьевич Петров; born 19 August 1988) is a Kazakh professional ice hockey defenceman who participated at the 2010 IIHF World Championship as a member of the Kazakhstan men's national ice hockey team.

Kazakhstan men's national ice hockey team
The Kazakhstan Men's National Ice Hockey Team is controlled by Kazakhstan Ice Hockey Federation. Kazakhstan is ranked 13th in the world as of 2025. They have competed at the Winter Olympics twice, in 1998 and 2006. The national team joined the IIHF in 1992 and first played internationally at the 1993 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships. The team has frequently played at the elite division of the World Championship, often moving between there and the Division I level.
Ballari Nala
Bellary Nala (or Ballari Nala) is a river of southern India. It rises in the Yellur in Belgaum Taluk of Karnataka state, flows towards South-eastern side of the Belagavi city and flows through Halga, Vadgaon, Shahapur, Bastwad, Basavan Kudchi, Angol, Mutga, Sambra, Muchandi, Sulebhavi Khangaon, Hudali, Suldhal, Malamaradi, Budihal, Ankalgi, Akkatangerahal, Kundargi and many villages before reaching its confluence into the Markandeya river at near Karaguppi in Hukkeri Taluk (2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from Pachapur Railway Station)

Sambra
Sambra  is a suburb in Belagavi city in the state of Karnataka, India. It is located in Belagavi taluk of Belagavi district in Karnataka. It houses the Belagavi Airport which is a domestic airport serving the city of Belagavi.
The Mockingbird & the Crow
The Mockingbird & the Crow (styled as the mockingbird & THE CROW) is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Hardy. It was released on January 20, 2023, through Big Loud Records. The album features a mix of country music and hard rock music. Hardy co-wrote all seventeen songs on the project and co-produced with Joey Moi and Derek Wells. "Wait in the Truck", a duet with Lainey Wilson, is the album's first single. While receiving mixed reviews from music critics, the album debuted at number four on the US Billboard 200 with 55,000 album-equivalent units, making it Hardy's highest-charting album.

Album-equivalent unit
The album-equivalent unit, or album equivalent, often shortened to just unit, is a sales metric in the music industry that defines the number of songs streamed and songs downloaded equal to one album sale. The album-equivalent unit was introduced in the mid-2010s as an answer to the drop of album sales in the 21st century. Album sales more than halved from 1999 to 2009, declining from a $14.6 to $6.3 billion industry, partly due to cheap digitally downloaded singles. For instance, the only albums that went platinum in the United States in 2014 were the Frozen soundtrack and Taylor Swift's 1989, whereas several albums had gone platinum in 2013.

The use of album-equivalent units transformed the music charts from a ranking of best-selling albums into a ranking of most popular albums. The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) have used album-equivalent unit to measure their Global Recording Artist of the Year since 2013.
Nankhel
Nankhel (Nepali: नङखेल) is a village and former Village Development Committee in Bhaktapur District in the Bagmati Zone of central Nepal. In 2014, it was merged into the newly formed Suryabinayak Municipality by the Government of Nepal in order to remove all Village Development Committees in the Districts of Kathmandu and Bhaktapur. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4,520 with 767 houses in it.

Bagmati Zone
Bagmati Zone (Nepali: बागमती अञ्चलListenⓘ Bāgmatī Añcal) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal until the restoration of zones to Provinces. Its headquarters are Kathmandu. It was named after the Bagmati River. It was in the Central Development Region of Nepal. The districts are now all part of Bagmati Province. The zone contains the Kathmandu Valley with its conurbation of 4.5 million inhabitants.
Poseidonis (collection)
Poseidonis is a collection of fantasy short stories by Clark Ashton Smith, edited by Lin Carter. It was first published in paperback by Ballantine Books as the fifty-ninth volume of its Ballantine Adult Fantasy series in July 1973. It was the fourth collection of Smith's works assembled by Carter for the series. The stories were originally published in various fantasy magazines in the 1930s and 1940s, notably Weird Tales.

Ballantine Books
Ballantine Books is a major American book publisher that is a subsidiary of German media conglomerate Bertelsmann. Ballantine was founded in 1952 by Ian Ballantine with his wife, Betty Ballantine. Ballantine was acquired by Random House in 1973, which in turn was acquired by Bertelsmann in 1998 and remains part of that company.

Ballantine's original logo was a pair of mirrored letter Bs back to back, later changing to two Bs stacked to form an elaborate gate. The firm's early editors were Stanley Kauffmann and Bernard Shir-Cliff.
Pfeifer & Langen
Pfeifer & Langen GmbH & Co. KG is a German family-owned food company, based in Cologne. The historical core of the group is the sugar manufacturer Pfeifer & Langen. The other activities of the group are held by the subgroups Intersnack, a manufacturer of snacks and owner of KP Snacks and Tayto; and the subgroup Naturkost Group, which produced and markets functional foods. In addition, the group holds a 50% share in the food manufacturer Krüger. The entire group achieved a turnover of 3.63 billion euros in the 2019 financial year.

Tayto (Republic of Ireland)
Tayto Snacks is a crisp and popcorn manufacturer in Ireland, founded by Joe Murphy in May 1954 and is now owned by German snack food company Intersnack. It owns several brands, including its leading product of Tayto Crisps for which it invented the first flavoured crisp production process. The first seasoned crisps produced were Cheese & Onion. Companies worldwide sought to buy the rights to Tayto's technique. Tayto crisps are a cultural phenomenon throughout Ireland, so much so that in November 2010, Tayto opened their own theme park called "Tayto Park" near Ashbourne, now known as Emerald Park.

The company is entirely separate from Tayto Group Limited in Northern Ireland, which has a similar product range. Tayto in the Republic of Ireland owns the name and mascot, and Tayto in Northern Ireland uses both under a licensing agreement.  The Northern Irish Tayto is widely sold in both Northern Ireland and Great Britain, while the Republic of Ireland brand is sold in the Republic.
Østsiden IL
Østsiden Idrettslag Fredrikstad is a Norwegian sports club, based in the city of Fredrikstad. The men's football team currently plays in the Norwegian second division.

The club was formed as Østsiden IL on 14 June 1935, and includes football and handball branches. The name "Østsiden Idrettslag Fredrikstad" was introduced after a merge between Østsiden IL and the handball club Fredrikstad HK on 29 November 2007.

Notable former players on Østsiden IL's male football team include Jørn Andersen and Egil Olsen. The team reached the quarter finals in the Norwegian Football Cup in 1962, after beating FC Lyn in the fourth round. The club was relegated from the Second Division in 2008, and played three season in the Third Division before they won promotion in 2011. The club finished the 2013 season as 13th in their Second Division group, and was relegated to the Third Division.

Norwegian Second Division
The Norwegian Second Division, also called 2. divisjon is the third-highest level of the Norwegian football league system.

There are 28 teams divided into two groups, and at the end of the season the winner of each group earns promotion to the second-highest division, 1. divisjon. The teams finishing in second place in their respective group will qualify for the promotion play-offs, where they will face each other. The winner will play against the 14th placed team in 1. divisjon for promotion. The bottom three teams in each group are relegated to 3. divisjon.

2. divisjon is the highest league a reserve team can participate in, and only reserve teams from the Eliteserien clubs (first tier) are allowed to enter. The participation of reserve teams stirs debate from time to time.
Paul Henning
Paul William Henning (September 16, 1911 – March 25, 2005) was an American TV producer and screenwriter. Most famous for creating the television sitcom The Beverly Hillbillies, he was also crucial in developing the "rural" comedies Petticoat Junction (1963–1970) and Green Acres (1965–1971) for CBS.

Henning also served as one of the staff writers for George Burns, writing first for the Burns and Allen radio show and then their television show throughout its broadcast run.

Author Kurt Andersen described Henning as "the Eli Whitney of American television production."

George Burns
George Burns (born Nathan Birnbaum; January 20, 1896 – March 9, 1996) was an American comedian, actor, writer, and singer, and one of the few entertainers whose career successfully spanned vaudeville, radio, film, and television. His arched eyebrow and cigar-smoke punctuation became familiar trademarks. He and his wife Gracie Allen appeared on radio, television and film as the comedy duo Burns and Allen.

At age 79, Burns experienced a sudden career revival as an amiable, beloved, and unusually active comedy elder statesman in the 1975 film The Sunshine Boys, for which he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.
Dipsas variegata
Dipsas variegata, the variegated snail-eater, is a snake found in South America. It is reported to feed almost exclusively on tree snails and slugs.

Dipsas trinitatis, the Trinidad snail-eater from Trinidad and Tobago, has sometimes been considered a subspecies of Dipsas variegata (Dipsas variegata trinitatis).

Slug
Slug or land slug is a common name for any apparently shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusc. The word slug is also often used as part of the common name of any gastropod mollusc that has no shell, a very reduced shell, or only a small internal shell, particularly sea slugs and semi-slugs (this is in contrast to the common name snail, which applies to gastropods that have a coiled shell large enough that they can fully retract their soft parts into it).

Various taxonomic families of land slugs form part of several quite different evolutionary lineages, which also include snails. Thus, the various families of slugs are not closely related, despite the superficial similarity in overall body form. The shell-less condition has arisen many times independently as an example of convergent evolution, and thus the category "slug" is polyphyletic.
Invalids' Cemetery
The Invalids' Cemetery (German: Invalidenfriedhof) is one of the oldest cemeteries in Berlin. It  was the traditional resting place of the Prussian Army, and is regarded as particularly important as a memorial to the German Wars of Liberation of 1813–15.

Werner von Fritsch
Thomas Ludwig Werner Freiherr von Fritsch (4 August 1880 – 22 September 1939) was a German Generaloberst ('full general') who served as commander-in-chief of the German army from February 1934 until February 1938, when he was forced to resign after he was falsely accused of being homosexual.

The ousting of Fritsch and War Minister Blomberg, in the Blomberg-Fritsch affair, was a major step in Adolf Hitler's establishment of tighter control over the armed forces. Just over a year later, before the outbreak of World War II, Fritsch was recalled as colonel-in-chief of the 12th Artillery Regiment. He died in battle in Poland early in the war, the second German general to perish in that conflict after Wilhelm Fritz von Roettig.
Ambalajia
Ambalajia is a town and commune (Malagasy: kaominina) in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Maevatanana, which is a part of Betsiboka Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 9,000 in 2001 commune census.

Only primary schooling is available. The majority 94% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 4% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crops are rice and peanuts; also cowpeas are an important agricultural product. Additionally fishing employs 2% of the population.

Betsiboka
Betsiboka is a region of Madagascar. It borders Boeny Region in north, Sofia in northeast, Alaotra-Mangoro in east, Analamanga and Bongolava in south and Melaky in west. The capital of the region is Maevatanana. Until 2009 Betsiboka belonged to Mahajanga Province. The population was 394,561 in 2018 within the area of 30,025 km2 (11,593 sq mi). Betsiboka is one of the least densely populated regions in Madagascar.
José María Luengo Martínez
José María Luengo Martínez (1896–1991) was a Spanish writer and archaeologist. He was born in Astorga on May 17, 1896 and died in A Coruña in 1991. He was the son of Crescencio Luengo and Maria Dolores Martinez and was baptized in the parish of San Bartolome de Astorga (León).

A Coruña
A Coruña (Galician pronunciation: [ɐ koˈɾuɲɐ] ⓘ; in Spanish: La Coruña [la koˈɾuɲa] ⓘ; also informally called just Coruña; historical English: Corunna or The Groyne) is a city and municipality in Galicia, Spain. With a population of 249,255, it is the 2nd-largest city in Galicia behind Vigo. The city is the provincial capital of the province of A Coruña, having also served as political capital of the Kingdom of Galicia from the 16th to the 19th centuries, and as a regional administrative centre between 1833 and 1982.

A Coruña is located on a promontory in the Golfo Ártabro, a large gulf on the Atlantic Ocean. It is the main industrial and financial centre of northern Galicia, and holds the headquarters of the Universidade da Coruña. A Coruña is the city with the tallest mean-height of buildings in Spain, also featuring a population density of 21,972 inhabitants per square kilometre (56,910/sq mi) of built land area.
Duke University Hospital
Duke University Hospital is a 1062
-bed acute care facility and an academic tertiary care facility located in Durham, North Carolina, United States. Established in 1930, it is the flagship teaching hospital for the Duke University Health System, a network of physicians and hospitals serving Durham County and Wake County, North Carolina, and surrounding areas, as well as one of three Level I referral centers for the Research Triangle of North Carolina (the other two are UNC Hospitals in nearby Chapel Hill and WakeMed Raleigh in Raleigh). It is affiliated with the Duke University School of Medicine.

WakeMed
WakeMed Health and Hospitals is a 1,003-bed healthcare system with multiple facilities placed around the metropolitan Raleigh, North Carolina area. WakeMed's main campus is located on New Bern Avenue in Raleigh, North Carolina.  WakeMed serves multiple counties throughout the state and specializes in a variety of services including cardiology, gastroenterology, neurology, orthopedics, high-risk pregnancy, children's care, trauma, physical rehabilitation and critical care transport.
Wood Freeman House No. 2
The Wood Freeman House No. 2 is a historic house at 703 West Race Street in Searcy, Arkansas.  It is a 1+1⁄2-story structure, with a wood frame and exterior finish of brick, stucco, and coral.  It is basically rectangular in shape, with a projecting gable section at the left end, and a center entrance sheltered by a broad gable-roofed porch.  A fieldstone chimney rises just to the right of the entrance.  Built about 1935, it is a good local example of English Revival architecture. Wood Freeman House No. 1 is the other architecturally significant houses built by local builder Wood Freeman.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.  It was incorrectly listed as destroyed in the Arkansas Historic Preservation Program database.

Searcy, Arkansas
Searcy (/ˈsɜːrsi/ SUR-see) is the largest city in and the county seat of White County, Arkansas, United States. According to 2024 Census Bureau estimates, the population of the city is 23,997.  It is the principal city of the Searcy, AR Micropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses all of White County.  The city takes its name from Richard Searcy, a judge for the Superior Court of the Arkansas Territory.  A college town, Searcy is the home of Harding University and ASU-Searcy.
Ken Bainbridge
Kenneth Victor Bainbridge (15 January 1921 – June 2011) was an English professional footballer who played as a left-winger in the Football League for West Ham United, Reading and Southend United.

Bainbridge played for West Ham United between 1946 and 1949. He scored on 11 seconds in a 2–1 win over Barnsley, the quickest recorded goal at Upton Park, in a Second Division game on 29 August 1949. He played a total of 83 league and cup games for the east London club, scoring 17 goals. He also recorded five goals in the  war-time League South. He went on to play for Reading and Southend United, and later for Southern League club Chelmsford City.

Boleyn Ground
The Boleyn Ground, more often referred to as Upton Park, was a football stadium in Upton Park, East London, England. It was the home of West Ham United from 1904 to 2016, and was briefly used by Charlton Athletic in the early 1990s. The seating capacity of the ground at closure was 35,016.

From the 2016–17 season, West Ham United have played their home matches at London Stadium in nearby Stratford. The last first-class match played at the Boleyn Ground was on 10 May 2016, a 3–2 West Ham United win in the Premier League against Manchester United.

The stadium was demolished in 2016 to make way for a new development.