hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Abolition of Corporal Punishment Act, 1997
The Abolition of Corporal Punishment Act, 1997 (Act No. 33 of 1997) is an act of the Parliament of South Africa that abolished judicial corporal punishment. It followed the Constitutional Court's 1995 decision in the case of S v Williams and Others that caning of juveniles was unconstitutional. Although the ruling in S v Williams was limited to the corporal punishment of males under the age of 21, Justice Langa mentioned in dicta that there was a consensus that corporal punishment of adults was also unconstitutional.

The act contains two substantive sections. The first provides that "any law which authorises corporal punishment by a court of law, including a court of traditional leaders," is repealed to the extent that it authorises such a punishment. The second makes specific textual amendments various statutes, including the Black Administration Act, the Magistrates' Courts Act and the Criminal Procedure Act, to remove references to corporal punishment.

Native Administration Act, 1927
The Native Administration Act, 1927 (Act No. 38 of 1927), subsequently renamed the Bantu Administration Act, 1927 and the Black Administration Act, 1927, was legislation enacted by the Parliament of the Union of South Africa in 1927. It was repealed I stages from 2006 onwards.
Traffic Lights (Flea song)
"Traffic Lights" is a song by the American bassist Flea, released as the second single from his debut solo album, Honora, on January 14, 2026, by Nonesuch Records. It features the Radiohead singer Thom Yorke.

Nonesuch Records
Nonesuch Records is an American record company and label owned by Warner Music Group, distributed by Warner Records (formerly Warner Bros. Records), and based in New York City. Founded by Jac Holzman in 1964 as a budget classical label, Nonesuch has developed into a label that records a wide range of music genres. Robert Hurwitz was president of the company from 1984 to 2017.
Paasikivi (surname)
Paasikivi (literally "flat boulder; flagstone") is a Finnish family name. Notable people with the surname include:

Alli Paasikivi (1879–1960), Finnish benefactor and second wife of president Juho Kusti Paasikivi

Annikki Paasikivi (1898–1950), Finnish architect

Juho Kusti Paasikivi (1870–1956), Finnish politician

Lilli Paasikivi (born 1965), Finnish mezzo-soprano

Annikki Paasikivi
Annikki Paasikivi (1898–1950) was a Finnish architect. She was the daughter of Juho Kusti Paasikivi (the seventh president of Finland) and his wife Anna Matilda Forsman. Annikki was the oldest of their four children.

A scholarship fund at Aalto University is named for her. For a time she did a "woman's hour" on Finnish radio. Her two brothers died in World War II from injuries they had received.
Mohd Yusop Majid
Mohd Yusop bin Majid (born 24 March 1963) is a Malaysian politician who has served as Deputy Member of the Terengganu State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Perikatan Nasional (PN) state administration under Menteri Besar Ahmad Samsuri Mokhtar and Member Ariffin Deraman as well as Member of the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Permaisuri since August 2023. He served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Setiu from March 2004 to March 2008. He is a member of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), a component party of the PN coalition and was a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition.

Terengganu State Executive Council
The Terengganu State Executive Council is the executive authority of the Government of Terengganu, Malaysia. The Council comprises the Menteri Besar, appointed by the Sultan on the basis that he is able to command a majority in the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly, a number of members made up of members of the Assembly, the State Secretary, the State Legal Adviser and the State Financial Officer.

This Council is similar in structure and role to the Cabinet of Malaysia, while being smaller in size. As federal and state responsibilities differ, there are a number of portfolios that differ between the federal and state governments.

Members of the Council are selected by the Menteri Besar, appointed by the Sultan. The Council has no ministry, but instead a number of committees; each committee will take care of certain state affairs, activities and departments. Members of the Council are always the chair of a committee.
Al-Afdal Muhammad
Al-Afdal Muhammad (Arabic: الأفضل محمد) was the last Ayyubid Kurdish governor of Hama, in central Syria, reigning from 1332 to 1341. He was the son and successor of Abu'l-Fida, and a descendant of Saladin's brother Nur al-Din Shahanshah. After the Mamluk defeat of the Mongols in 1260 at the Battle of Ain Jalut, Hama was restored as a tributary emirate and a succession of Ayyubid rulers of Kurdish origin governed the city. However, al-Afdal incurred the displeasure of his Mamluk overlords and was deposed by them in 1341 ending Ayyubid Kurdish rule over the city.

Nur ad-Din Shahanshah
Emir Nur Al-Dawla Shahanshah ibn Najm al-Dīn Ayyūb ibn Shādhi ibn Marwan, or simply Shahanshah, was the eldest son of the Kurdish mercenary Najm al-Dīn Ayyūb, thus brother of Saladin and military commander of Zengid Emirate. He was the father of Farrukh Shah and Al-Muzaffar I Umar.

Shahanshah who was emir of Baalbek was killed in an engagement against the crusaders during the Siege of Damascus in 1148.
Luke Graham (politician)
Luke Patrick Graham (born 17th June 1985) is a British Conservative Party politician who served as the Member of Parliament for Ochil and South Perthshire from 2017 to 2019.

From September 2018, Graham served in the role of Parliamentary private secretary (PPS) to the Cabinet Office. He was later made PPS to the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government. He held both positions concurrently until the end of the Second May Ministry.

Cabinet Office
The Cabinet Office is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It is responsible for supporting the prime minister and Cabinet. It is composed of various units that support Cabinet committees and coordinate the delivery of government objectives via other departments. As of December 2021, it had more than 10,200 staff, mostly civil servants, some of whom work in Whitehall. Staff working in the Prime Minister's Office are part of the Cabinet Office.
Boromycin
Boromycin is a bacteriocidal polyether-macrolide antibiotic. It was initially isolated from the Streptomyces antibioticus, and is notable for being the first natural product found to contain the element boron. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria, but is ineffective against gram-negative bacteria. Boromycin kills bacteria by negatively affecting the cytoplasmic membrane, resulting in the loss of potassium ions from the cell. Boromycin has not been approved as a drug for medical use.

Coccidiosis
Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease of the intestinal tract of animals caused by coccidian protozoa. The disease spreads from one animal to another by contact with infected feces or ingestion of infected tissue. Diarrhea, which may become bloody in severe cases, is the primary symptom. Most animals infected with coccidia are asymptomatic, but young or immunocompromised animals may suffer severe symptoms and death.

While coccidia can infect a wide variety of animals, including humans, birds, and livestock, they are usually species-specific. One well-known exception is toxoplasmosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii.

Humans may first encounter coccidia when they acquire a dog, cat or bird that is infected. Other than T. gondii, the infectious organisms are canine and feline-specific and are not contagious to humans, unlike the zoonotic diseases.
Khâlid-i Shahrazuri
Mawlana Khâlid Shahrazuri also known as Khâlid-i Baghdâdî and Mawlana Khalid (Kurdish: مەولانا خالیدی نەقشبەندی, romanized: Mewlana Xalîdî Neqişbendî; 1779–1827) was a Kurdish Sufi, and poet by the name of Shaykh Diya al-Dīn Khalid al-Shahrazuri, the founder of a branch of the Naqshbandi Sufi order - called Khalidi after him - that has had a profound impact not only on his native Kurdish lands but also on many other regions of the western Islamic world. His writings are among the earliest examples of prose and poetry in Central Kurdish.

Shahrazuri acquired the epithet Baghdadi through his frequent stays in Baghdad, for it was in the town of Karadağ (Qaradagh) in the Shahrizur region, about 5 miles from Sulaymaniyah, that he was born in 1779.

Central Kurdish
Central Kurdish, also known as Sorani Kurdish, is a Kurdish language variety spoken in Iraq, mainly in Iraqi Kurdistan, as well as the Iranian provinces of Kurdistan, Kermanshah, and West Azerbaijan. Central Kurdish is one of the two official languages of Iraq, along with Arabic, and is in administrative documents simply referred to as "Kurdish".

The term Sorani, named after the Soran Emirate, refers to a variety of Central Kurdish based on the dialect spoken in Slemani. Central Kurdish is written in the Kurdo-Arabic alphabet, an adaptation of the Arabic script developed in the 1920s by Sa'ed Sidqi Kaban and Taufiq Wahby.
Call Ready
Call-Ready (Bengali: কল-রেডী) is a traditional microphone service provider in Bangladesh. Before the independence of Bangladesh, this microphone service was frequently used in various movements in East Pakistan. The notable events where the service was used, the Bengali language movement in 1952, 1954 East Bengali legislative election, the Six point movement in 1966, 1969 Mass uprising, 1970 Pakistani general election and 7 March Speech.

In addition to political events involving Bangladeshi politicians, Call-Ready was also used at events featuring foreign heads of state. Notable figures who spoke through Call-Ready microphones include Indira Gandhi, Yasser Arafat, Nelson Mandela, Bill Clinton, Pranab Mukherjee, and Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Traditionally, the Awami League and other political parties in Bangladesh have frequently used Call-Ready.

Independence Day (Bangladesh)
Independence Day, officially Independence and National Day, is celebrated on 26 March as a national holiday in Bangladesh. It commemorates the country's declaration of independence from Pakistan in the early hours of 26 March 1971 following Yahya Khan's Operation Searchlight, eventual defeat and the Surrender of Pakistan.
Palantla Chinantec
Palantla Chinantec, also known as Chinanteco de San Pedro Tlatepuzco, is a major Chinantecan language of Mexico, spoken in San Juan Palantla and a couple dozen neighboring towns in northern Oaxaca. The variety of San Mateo Yetla, known as Valle Nacional Chinantec, has marginal mutual intelligibility.

A grammar and a dictionary have been published.

San Juan Bautista Valle Nacional
San Juan Bautista Valle Nacional is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 394.23 km2 within the Sierra Juárez mountains. 
It is part of the Tuxtepec District of the Papaloapan Region.
The town lies on the north bank of the Valle Nacional River, a tributary of the Papaloapan River.

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 21,189.
Commersonia tahitensis
Commersonia tahitensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae and is endemic to the Society Islands. It was first formally described in 2004 by Laurence Joseph Dorr who gave it the name Commersonia bartramia var. tahitensis in the Flore de la Polynésie française. In 2011, Carolyn Wilkins and Barbara Whitlock raised the variety to species status as C. tahitensis in Australian Systematic Botany.

Australian Systematic Botany
Australian Systematic Botany is an international peer-reviewed scientific journal published by CSIRO Publishing. It is devoted to publishing original research, and sometimes review articles, on topics related to systematic botany, such as biogeography, taxonomy and evolution. The journal is broad in scope, covering all plant, algal and fungal groups, including fossils.

First published in 1978 as Brunonia, the journal adopted its current name in 1988.

The current editor-in-chief is Daniel Murphy (Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne).
Anton Nuhn
Anton Nuhn (21 June 1814, Schriesheim, Baden – 27 June 1889) was a German anatomist.

He studied medicine at the University of Heidelberg, where he was a student of Friedrich Tiedemann (1781–1861). In 1842 he was a lecturer at Heidelberg, and shortly afterwards worked as prosector. In 1849 he became an associate professor at the institute of anatomy in Heidelberg, and in 1872 received the title of honorary professor.

"Nuhn's glands", also known as anterior lingual glands, are named after him. They are described as small, deeply placed seromucous glands located near the tip of the tongue on each side of the frenulum.

His most popular written work was an 1878 textbook on comparative anatomy titled Lehrbuch der vergleichenden Anatomie.

Frenulum of the tongue
The frenulum (or frenum) of the tongue, tongue web, lingual frenulum, frenulum linguae, or fraenulum is a small fold of mucous membrane extending from the floor of the mouth to the midline of the underside of the human tongue.
Sunnmøringen
Sunnmøringen (lit. 'The Sunnmøre Resident') is a local Norwegian newspaper published twice a week in Stranda Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county.

The paper covers news from Stranda Municipality. It was edited from 1994 to 2007 by Helge Søvik, and then by Gyri Aure from 2007 to 2008, when Herborg Bergaplass took over the editorship. In 2017, Bjørn Arild Hatlem  was succeeded by Johan Behrentz as editor. The newspaper is owned by Polaris Media.

Møre og Romsdal
Møre og Romsdal (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈmø̂ːrə ɔ ˈrʊ̀msdɑːɫ] ⓘ; English: Møre and Romsdal) is a county in the northernmost part of Western Norway. It borders the counties of Trøndelag, Innlandet, and Vestland. The county administration is located in the town of Molde, while Ålesund is the largest town. The county is governed by the Møre og Romsdal County Municipality which includes an elected county council and a county mayor. The national government is represented by the county governor.
Žika Jelić
Živorad "Žika" Jelić (Serbian Cyrillic: Живорад "Жика" Јелић; born 7 December 1942) is a Serbian rock musician. He is best known as being the Bass guitarist for the Serbian rock band YU Grupa, which he formed in 1970 with his younger brother Dragi.

During the 1960s, alongside his brother, Jelić was also a member of the beat band Džentlmeni.

Beat music
Beat music, British beat, or Merseybeat is a British popular music genre that developed around Liverpool in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The genre melded influences from British and American rock and roll, rhythm and blues, skiffle, traditional pop, and music hall. It rose to mainstream popularity in the United Kingdom and Europe by 1963 before spreading to North America in 1964 with the British Invasion. The beat style shaped popular music and youth culture through 1960s movements such as garage rock, folk rock and psychedelic music.
Karnataka Gramin Bank
Karnataka Gramin Bank was an Indian Regional Rural Bank (RRB) headquartered in Ballari, Karnataka. It was established on 4 January 2019 through the amalgamation of two Regional Rural Banks sponsored by Canara Bank, as approved by the Ministry of Finance. The bank operated under the regulatory framework of the Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976. It functioned as a scheduled commercial bank serving rural and semi-urban areas across various districts of Karnataka.

Ministry of Finance (India)
The Ministry of Finance (IAST: Vitta Mantrālaya) is a ministry of the Government of India concerned with the economy of India, serving as the Treasury of India. In particular, it concerns itself with taxation, financial legislation, financial institutions, capital markets, currency regulation, banking service, centre and state finances, and the Union Budget.

The Ministry of Finance is the apex controlling authority of four central civil services namely Indian Revenue Service, Indian Audit and Accounts Service, Indian Economic Service and Indian Civil Accounts Service. It is also the apex controlling authority of one of the central commerce services namely Indian Cost and Management Accounts Service.
2018 Dutch Open (badminton)
The 2018 Dutch Open (officially known as the Yonex Dutch Open 2018 for sponsorship reasons) was a badminton tournament which took place from 9 to 14 October 2018 at Topsportcentrum in Almere, Netherlands, and had a total purse of $75,000.

Robin Tabeling
Robin Tabeling (born 24 April 1994) is a Dutch badminton player, specializing in doubles play. He started playing badminton in Amstelveen at a club called BV van Zijderveld. He won a silver medal at the 2013 European Junior Championships in the mixed doubles event and a bronze medal in team event. Partnered with Jelle Maas, he won bronze medals at the 2018 European Championships and 2019 European Games. He competed at the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympics and also at the 2024 Paris Summer Olympics. Tabeling won a gold medal with Selena Piek in the mixed doubles event at the 2023 European Games.
Jason Bellini
Jason Bellini (born July 12, 1975) is an American journalist. He currently works at Scripps News. Bellini was a CNN correspondent from 1998 to 2005. He was a correspondent for The Wall Street Journal from 2012 to 2021.

Scripps News
Scripps News is a free ad-supported streaming television (FAST) streaming news channel, and a former digital subchannel network headquartered in Atlanta, GA, and owned by the Scripps Networks division of the E. W. Scripps Company. It was previously known as Newsy, from its launch in 2008 until December 31, 2022.

Its content is available free on OTT platforms including FuboTV, Pluto TV, The Roku Channel, YouTube TV, Xumo, Haystack News, and Samsung TV Plus.
2006–07 Alabama–Huntsville Chargers men's ice hockey season
The 2006–07 Alabama–Huntsville Chargers ice hockey team represented the University of Alabama in Huntsville in Huntsville, Alabama, United States. The Chargers were coached by Doug Ross who was in his twenty-fifth, and final, season as head coach. His assistant coaches were Lance West, John McCabe, and Steve Briere. The Chargers played their home games in the Von Braun Center, and were a member of College Hockey America.

After a 32-game regular season, the Chargers finished with 10 wins, 19 losses, and 3 ties.  Despite finishing last in the CHA in the regular season, the team won all 3 of its games in the CHA Tournament to earn an automatic bid to the 2007 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament.  At the NCAA tournament, the Chargers played to double overtime with #2 overall seed Notre Dame before falling, 3–2.

2007 CHA men's ice hockey tournament
The 2007 CHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 8th tournament in conference history and was played between March 9 and March 11, 2007 at the 95KGGO Arena in Des Moines, Iowa. By winning the tournament, Alabama-Huntsville received College Hockey America's automatic bid to the 2007 NCAA Men's Division I Ice Hockey Tournament.
Bradley University
Bradley University is a private university in Peoria, Illinois, United States. Founded in 1897, Bradley University enrolls 5,200 students who are pursuing degrees in more than 100 undergraduate programs and more than 30 graduate programs in five colleges. The university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and 22 specialized and professional accreditors.

Higher Learning Commission
The Higher Learning Commission (HLC) is an institutional accreditor in the United States.  It has historically accredited post-secondary education institutions in the central United States: Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. The headquarters of the organization is in Chicago, Illinois.

The United States Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation recognize the commission as an institutional accreditor. HLC grew out of the higher education division of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools (NCA), which dissolved in 2014.
Wind direction
Wind direction is generally reported by the direction from which the wind originates. For example, a north or northerly wind blows from the north to the south; the exceptions are onshore winds (blowing onto the shore from the water) and offshore winds (blowing off the shore to the water). Wind direction is usually reported in cardinal (or compass) direction, or in degrees. Consequently, a wind blowing from the north has a wind direction referred to as 0° (360°); a wind blowing from the east has a wind direction referred to as 90°, etc.

Weather forecasts typically give the direction of the wind along with its speed, for example a "northerly wind at 15 km/h" is a wind blowing from the north at a speed of 15 km/h. If wind gusts are present, their speed may also be reported.

Cardinal direction
The four cardinal directions or cardinal points are the four main compass directions: north (N), east (E), south (S), and west (W). The corresponding azimuths (clockwise horizontal angle from north) are 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°.

The four ordinal directions or intercardinal directions are northeast (NE), southeast (SE), southwest (SW), and northwest (NW).
The corresponding azimuths are 45°, 135°, 225°, and 315°.

The intermediate direction of every pair of neighboring cardinal and intercardinal directions is called a secondary intercardinal direction. These eight shortest points in the compass rose shown to the right are:

West-northwest (WNW)

North-northwest (NNW)

North-northeast (NNE)

East-northeast (ENE)

East-southeast (ESE)

South-southeast (SSE)

South-southwest (SSW)

West-southwest (WSW)

Points between the cardinal directions form the points of the compass. Arbitrary horizontal directions may be indicated by their azimuth angle value.
Saborios
Saborios or Saborius (Greek: Σαβώριος) was a Byzantine general who rose in revolt against Emperor Constans II (r. 641–668) in 667–668. He sought and obtained the aid of the Caliph Muawiyah I (r. 661–680), but was killed in a horse accident before confronting the imperial troops.

Constans II
Constans II (Greek: Κώνστας, romanized: Kōnstās; 7 November 630 – 15 July 668), also called "the Bearded" (Greek: ὁ Πωγωνᾶτος, romanized: ho Pōgōnãtos), was the Byzantine emperor from 641 to 668. Constans was the last attested emperor to serve as consul, in 642, although the office continued to exist until the reign of Leo VI the Wise (r. 886–912). His religious policy saw him steering a middle line in disputes between the Orthodox and Monothelites by refusing to persecute either and prohibited discussion of the natures of Jesus Christ under the Typos of Constans in 648. His reign coincided with Arab invasions under Umar, Uthman, and Mu'awiya I in the late 640s to 660s. Constans was the first emperor to visit Rome since the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476, and the last one to visit Rome while the Empire still held it.