hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Computational Science & Discovery
Computational Science & Discovery was a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering computational science in physics, chemistry, biology, and applied science. The editor-in-chief was Nathan A Baker (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory), who succeeded Anthony Mezzacappa (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) in 2011. The journal was established in 2008 and ceased publication in 2015, but all articles will remain available online.

Applied science
Applied science is the application of the scientific method and scientific knowledge to attain practical goals. It includes a broad range of disciplines, such as engineering and medicine. Applied science is often contrasted with basic science, which is focused on advancing scientific theories and laws that explain and predict natural or other phenomena.

There are applied natural sciences, as well as applied formal and social sciences. Applied science examples include genetic epidemiology which applies statistics and probability theory, and applied psychology, including criminology.
Me and Kaminski (film)
Me and Kaminski (German: Ich und Kaminski) is a 2015 comedy-drama film directed by Wolfgang Becker from a screenplay by Thomas Wendrich, based on the 2003 novel of the same name by Daniel Kehlmann. It tells the story of a young writer who hopes to make his reputation and fortune by publishing a biography of one of the greatest 20th-century painters, now blind and living in total seclusion. It was released in Germany on 17 September 2015 by X Verleih.

Wolfgang Becker (director, born 1954)
Wolfgang Becker (German pronunciation: [ˈvɔlfɡaŋ ˈbɛkɐ]; 22 June 1954 – 12 December 2024) was a German film director and screenwriter, best known to international audiences for his work Good Bye, Lenin! (2003). He was a co-founder of the production company X Filme Creative Pool, which produced his first successful feature film, Das Leben ist eine Baustelle, in 1997.
Cemal Tural
Cemal Tural (1905, Erzincan – 17 December 1981, Istanbul) was a Turkish general. He was the 13th Chief of the General Staff of Turkey and previously Commander of the Turkish Army (1964-1966), Commander of the First Army of Turkey (1960-1962) and Commander of the Second Army of Turkey (1963-1964). He retired on August 16, 1969. He was elected president of the Nation Party in 1973, but shortly thereafter resigned from the post in 1974. He was appointed as Ambassador to South Korea in 1976 and Ambassador to Pakistan in 1981.

Erzincan
Erzincan (pronounced [æɾˈzindʒan]; Kurdish: Erzîngan), historically Yerznka (Armenian: Երզնկա), is the capital of Erzincan Province in eastern Turkey. Nearby cities include Erzurum, Sivas, Tunceli, Bingöl, Elazığ, Malatya, Gümüşhane, Bayburt, and Giresun. The city is majority Turkish Sunni with significant Kurdish and Alevi minorities.

The city had a population of 150,714 in 2022, an increase from 86,779 in 2007.
Dolphinton branch
The Dolphinton Branch refers to two railway branch lines in Lanarkshire and Peeblesshire, Scotland, built in the nineteenth century.

The first was built by the nominally independent Leadburn, Linton and Dolphinton Railway (LL&DR). It opened in 1864 and was soon absorbed by the North British Railway, becoming that company's Dolphinton Branch. The second was built by the Caledonian Railway, and it opened in 1867. The population of Dolphinton then was 260, and the primary purpose of the lines was to secure territory, rather than to serve the small local community.

Each line had its own terminal station. The North British Railway line to Dolphinton closed in 1933, though the Leadburn to Macbie Hill section reopened in 1939 to serve an army camp and remained open until 1960. The Caledonian line closed to passengers in 1945 and to goods in 1950. There is now no railway activity on the lines.

Peeblesshire
Peeblesshire (Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd nam Pùballan), alternately the County of Peebles or Tweeddale, is a historic county of Scotland. Its county town is Peebles, and it borders Midlothian to the north, Selkirkshire to the east, Dumfriesshire to the south, and Lanarkshire to the west.
Albert Marre
Albert Marre (September 20, 1924 – September 4, 2012) was an American stage director and producer. He directed the stage musical Man of La Mancha in 1965, for which he won the Tony Award for Best Director of a Musical.

Theatrical producer
A theatrical producer is a person who is primarily responsible for providing or procuring financial resources for developing a theatre production. The producer oversees the managerial and financial aspects of the production such as budgeting and managing contracts with venues, personnel, and investors.
Kırkkuyu, Kızıltepe
Kırkkuyu (Kurdish: Çel Bîra) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızıltepe, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Xalecan tribe and had a population of 127 in 2021.

Mardin Province
Mardin Province (Turkish: Mardin ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Mêrdîn; Arabic: محافظة ماردين; Classical Syriac: ܡܪܕܝܢ ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ) is a province and metropolitan municipality in Turkey. Its area is 8,780 km2, and its population is 870,374 (2022). The largest city in the province is Kızıltepe, while the capital Mardin is the second largest city.
Cepeda la Mora
Cepeda de la Mora is a town located in the province of Ávila within the autonomous community of Castile-Leon in north-western Spain.

Cepeda de la Mora is located in Spain's Natural Space La Serrota in the proximities of the Sierra de Gredos Regional Park.

Cepeda de la Mora at 1,504 metres is the 6th highest, by altitude above sea level, in the province of Ávila and the 12th highest in Spain.

Province of Ávila
Ávila (Spanish: [ˈaβila] ⓘ) is a province of central-western Spain, in the southern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is bordered on the south by the provinces of Toledo and Cáceres, on the west by Salamanca, on the north by Valladolid, and on the east by Segovia and Madrid. Ávila has a population of 158,265 (2018) and is ranked 47th out of 50 of Spanish provinces in population. Its capital is Ávila.
Bristol Troubadour Club
The Bristol Troubadour Club was a short-lived but influential club in the thriving contemporary folk music scene in Bristol in the late 1960s and early 1970s, It was located in Clifton village, the student quarter above the city centre. The club was considered by some as the liveliest and most creative outside London.

The club hosted some of the premier folk artists of the day, including Al Jones, Fred Wedlock, Pigsty Hill Light Orchestra, Ian Anderson, Mike Cooper, John Renbourn, Bert Jansch, The Incredible String Band and Roy Harper.  Al Stewart had a residency there, and mentions the club in his song "Clifton in the Rain".

The Incredible String Band
The Incredible String Band (sometimes abbreviated as ISB) were a Scottish folk rock band formed by Clive Palmer, Robin Williamson, and Mike Heron in Edinburgh in 1966. Following Palmer's early departure, Williamson and Heron continued as a duo and were eventually augmented by other musicians such as Licorice McKechnie, Rose Simpson, and Malcolm Le Maistre.  The band split up in 1974.  They reformed in 1999 and continued to perform with changing lineups until 2006.

The band built a considerable following in the British 1960s counterculture, notably with their albums The 5000 Spirits or the Layers of the Onion (1967), The Hangman's Beautiful Daughter (1968), and Wee Tam and the Big Huge (1968).  They became pioneers in psychedelic folk and, through integrating a wide variety of traditional music forms and instruments, in the development of world music.
Richard Ó Madadhan
Richard Ó Madadhan (c. 1620 – late 1691) was Prior of Portumna Priory in 1691.

Ó Madadhan was born about 1620, and was a native of Portumna. He studied at Avila but could not return to Ireland because of the Cromwellian Wars. He instead taught at Utrecht in Belgium.

The Dominicans had been established before the 17th century. Their establishment was erected into a priory in 1640 under Ambrose Ó Madadhan but they were forced to abandon it during the Cromwellian era. They seem to have been re-established during The Restoration.

Richard's length of tenure is unclear. However, he and the rest of the community were obliged to abandon the area in the aftermath of the Battle of Aughrim in July 1691. Hunted by Williamite forces, Ó Madadhan fled into "an impassable bog" but ultimately died of starvation.

Battle of Aughrim
The Battle of Aughrim (Irish: Cath Eachroma) was the decisive battle of the Williamite War in Ireland. It was fought between the largely Irish Jacobite army loyal to James II and the forces of William III on 12 July 1691 (old style, equivalent to 22 July new style), near the village of Aughrim, County Galway.

The battle was one of the bloodiest ever fought in Britain and Ireland; 7,000 people were killed. The Jacobite defeat at Aughrim meant the effective end of James's cause in Ireland, although the city of Limerick held out until the autumn of 1691.
Edoardo Giorgetti
Edoardo Giorgetti (born 5 February 1989) is an Italian breaststroke swimmer.

In 2006, Giorgetti was Junior World Champion in 100 m and 200 m breaststroke, and in 4×100 m medley relay.

In 2007, Giorgetti was Junior European Champion in 200 m breaststroke and won the silver medal in 100 m of the same stroke behind Dániel Gyurta. He also represented Italy at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships swimming 100 m breaststroke.

In 2008, Giorgetti set the new short course European record for 200 m breaststroke in 2:05.02.

Breaststroke
Breaststroke is a swimming style in which the swimmer is on their chest and the torso does not rotate. It is the most popular recreational style due to the swimmer's head being out of the water a large portion of the time, and that it can be swum comfortably at slow speeds. In most swimming classes, beginners learn either the breaststroke or the freestyle (front crawl) first. However, at the competitive level, swimming breaststroke at speed requires endurance and strength comparable to other strokes. Some people refer to breaststroke as the "frog" stroke because the arms and legs move somewhat like a frog swimming in the water. The stroke itself is the slowest of any competitive strokes and is thought to be the oldest of all swimming strokes.
Ahmad (album)
Ahmad is the debut studio album by American rapper Ahmad. It was released on May 24, 1994, through Giant/Reprise Records. It was produced by Redfoo, Brian C. Walls, Maurice Thompson, and Ahmad, who also served as executive producer with Cassandra Mills and Lloyd Winston. The album produced two singles: "Back in the Day" and "You Gotta Be".

Reprise Records
Reprise Records is an American record label founded in 1960 by Frank Sinatra. It is owned by Warner Music Group, and operates through Warner Records, one of its flagship labels.

Artists currently signed to Reprise Records include Green Day, Enya, Michael Bublé, Eric Clapton, Stevie Nicks, Neil Young, Deftones, Lindsey Buckingham, Josh Groban, Disturbed, Idina Menzel, My Chemical Romance, Gerard Way, Dwight Yoakam, Never Shout Never, and Billy Strings.
Ohio Southwest Region defunct athletic conferences
This is a list of former high school athletic conferences in the Southwest Region of Ohio, as designated by the Ohio High School Athletic Association. If a conference had members that span multiple regions, the conference is placed in the article of the region most of its former members hail from. Because the names of localities and their corresponding high schools do not always match and because there is often a possibility of ambiguity with respect to either the name of a locality or the name of a high school, the following table gives both in every case, with the locality name first, in plain type, and the high school name second in boldface type. The school's team nickname is given last.

Walnut Hills High School
Walnut Hills High School is a public college-preparatory high school in Cincinnati, Ohio. Operated by Cincinnati Public Schools, it houses grades seven through twelve. The school was established in 1895 and has occupied its current building since 1932.
Großer Solstein
The Große Solstein is a mountain, 2,541 m (AA) high, on the western corner of the Nordkette range in the Karwendel mountains near Zirl in the Austrian state of Tyrol. Its summit may be ascended on various mountain tour routes either from the Solsteinhaus or from the New Magdeburg Hut. These routes are described as not difficult but require stamina. The crossing to the higher peak of the Kleiner Solstein (2,637 m (AA)), despite its name the highest in the Nordkette, is described in that article.

Zirl
Zirl is a municipality and market town in the district of Innsbruck-Land in the Austrian state of Tyrol. It is known for its parish church, UNESCO-recognised Zachäussingen celebration, and history of nativity scene–making. Situated at an altitude of 622 metres above sea level, it lies approximately 10 kilometres west of Innsbruck at the edge of the Karwendel mountains. The area around the town is frequented by climbers, hikers, and cyclers.
Ugra National Park
Ugra National Park (Russian: Национальный парк Угра) is a national park in central Russia, located in Kaluga Oblast, in the valley of the Ugra River. It was established on 10 February 1997 to protect typical landscapes of Central Russia. In 2002, it was designated a UNESCO biosphere reserve. The headquarters of the national park are located in Kaluga.

Kaluga
Kaluga (Russian: Калу́га, IPA: [kɐˈɫuɡə] ⓘ) is a city and the administrative center of Kaluga Oblast, Russia. It stands on the Oka River 150 kilometers (93 mi) southwest of Moscow. Its population was 337,058 at the 2021 census.

Kaluga's most famous resident, the space travel pioneer Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, worked there as a school teacher from 1892 to 1935. The Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics in Kaluga is dedicated to his theoretical achievements and to their practical implementations for modern space research, hence the motto on the city's coat of arms: Колыбель Космонавтики, Kolybélʹ kosmonávtiki ("The Cradle of Space-Exploration").
Intermediate mesoderm
The intermediate mesoderm or intermediate mesenchyme is a narrow section of the mesoderm (the middle germ layer) located between the paraxial mesoderm and the lateral plate mesoderm of the developing embryo. The intermediate mesoderm develops into vital parts of the urogenital system (kidneys, gonads and respective tracts).

Tubule
In biology, a tubule is a general term referring to small tube or similar type of structure. Specifically, tubule can refer to:

a small tube or fistular structure

a minute tube lined with glandular epithelium

any hollow cylindrical body structure

a minute canal found in various structures or organs of the body

a slender elongated anatomical channel

a minute tube, especially as an anatomical structure.
Rurik
Rurik (also spelled Rorik, Riurik or Ryurik; Church Slavonic: Рюрикъ, romanized: Rjurikŭ; Old Norse: Hrøríkʀ; died 879) was a Varangian chieftain of the Rus' who, according to tradition, was invited to reign in Novgorod in the year 862. The Primary Chronicle states that Rurik was succeeded by his kinsman Oleg who was regent for his infant son Igor.

Traditionally, Rurik has been considered the founder of the Rurik dynasty, which was the ruling dynasty of Kievan Rus' and its principalities, and ultimately the Tsardom of Russia, until the death of Feodor I in 1598. As a result, he is considered to be the traditional founder of the Russian monarchy.

Feodor I of Russia
Feodor I Ioannovich (Russian: Феодор I Иoаннович) or Fyodor I Ivanovich (Russian: Фёдор I Иванович; 31 May 1557 – 17 January 1598), nicknamed the Blessed (Блаженный), was Tsar of all Russia from 1584 until his death in 1598.

Feodor's mother died when he was three, and he grew up in the shadow of his father, Ivan the Terrible. He was a pious man of retiring disposition and possibly suffered from mental disability. He took little interest in politics, and the country was effectively administered in his name by Boris Godunov, the brother of his beloved wife Irina. He died without surviving children and was succeeded by Godunov as tsar, marking the end of the rule of the Rurik dynasty and spurring Russia's descent into the catastrophic Time of Troubles.

He is listed in the Great Synaxaristes of the Eastern Orthodox Church, with his feast day on 7 January (O.S.).
Lhachen Naglug
Lhachen Naglug  (Lha-chen-Nag-lug) (c. 1110 -1140) was a Dard ruler of Ladakh. He is mentioned in the Ladakhi Chronicles. During his reign, buildings such as the palace at Wanla Palace and the Khala Tse Castle were built.

Dardic languages
The Dardic languages (also Dardu or Pisaca), or Hindu-Kush Indo-Aryan languages, are a group of several Indo-Aryan languages spoken in northern Pakistan, northwestern India and parts of northeastern Afghanistan. This region has sometimes been referred to as Dardistan.

Rather than close linguistic or ethnic relationships, the term Dardic is a geographical concept, denoting the northwesternmost group of Indo-Aryan languages. There is no ethnic unity among the speakers of these languages, nor can the languages be traced to a single ancestor.

The extinct Gandhari language, used by the Gandhara civilization, was Dardic in nature. Linguistic evidence has linked Gandhari with some living Dardic languages, particularly Torwali and other Kohistani languages.
Last Train from Overbrook
Last Train from Overbrook is an album by saxophonist James Moody recorded in 1958 and released on the Argo label. The album name and title track are a reference to Moody`s five month stay in Overbrook Asylum where he recuperated from alcoholism and mental health issues. The album was recorded shortly following his discharge.

Essex County Hospital Center
The Essex County Hospital Center, also known as the Overbrook Hospital, the Overbrook Asylum, or simply the Overbrook, was a psychiatric hospital that was located around 125 Fairview Avenue in the Township of Cedar Grove, New Jersey. It was used as a general hospital then converted to house patients with mental disorders. The original hospital was located at the edge of the Hilltop Reservation and designated a Conservation Easement in 2001 by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection; the site now is part of the Essex County park system. A new hospital opened in 2006, and the site of the original hospital was converted to a park and townhomes in 2017.
Cidex
CIDEX is a brand name for a Glutaraldehyde-free (0.55% ortho-phthalaldehyde) high-level disinfecting solution used within the field of medicine.

The CIDEX brand name has been registered as a trademark since 1962.

Cidex OPA solution, with ortho-phthalaldehyde as active ingredient

Nu-Cidex, with peracetic acid This product is discontinued.

Cidex Plus, with glutaraldehyde This product is discontinued.

Peracetic acid
Peracetic acid (also known as peroxyacetic acid, or Percidine) is an organic compound with the formula CH3CO3H. This peroxy acid is a colorless liquid with a characteristic acrid odor reminiscent of acetic acid. It can be highly corrosive.

Peracetic acid is a weaker acid than the parent acetic acid, with a pKa of 8.2.
Allan O. Hunter
Allan Oakley Hunter (June 15, 1916 – May 2, 1995) was an American lawyer and politician. Hunter, a Republican, served as the United States representative for California's 9th congressional district from 1951 to 1953 and for California's 12th congressional district from 1953 to 1955.

After his stint in elective office, Hunter served as the president and chairman of the Federal National Mortgage Association (commonly known as Fannie Mae) from 1970 to 1981.

California's 12th congressional district
California's 12th congressional district is a congressional district in northern California. Lateefah Simon, a Democrat, has represented the district since January 2025. The district was represented previously by longtime congresswoman Barbara Lee, former Speaker of the House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi (who has since been redistricted to the 11th district), and former president of the United States Richard Nixon.

Currently, the 12th district is located in Alameda County and encompasses the cities of Oakland, Berkeley, Emeryville, Alameda, Albany, Piedmont, and most of San Leandro. With a Cook Partisan Voter Index rating of D+39, the 12th district is the most Democratic district in California, giving nearly 85% of its vote to Kamala Harris in the 2024 presidential election.

Before redistricting in 2023, the 12th district was within San Francisco, encompassing most of the city. The remainder of the city was included in the 14th district.
HMS Campbeltown
Two ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Campbeltown, after Campbeltown in Scotland, with a third announced:

HMS Campbeltown was a Town-class destroyer, formerly the Wickes-class destroyer USS Buchanan of the United States Navy. She was transferred to the Royal Navy as part of the 1940 Destroyers for Bases Agreement and was expended in the St Nazaire Raid in 1942.

HMS Campbeltown was a Type 22 frigate launched in 1987, decommissioned in 2011 and scrapped in 2013.

HMS Campbeltown will be a Type 31 frigate.

HMS Campbeltown (I42)
HMS Campbeltown was a Town-class destroyer of the Royal Navy (RN) during the Second World War. She was originally US destroyer USS Buchanan, and was one of 50 obsolescent US Navy destroyers transferred to the RN in 1940 as part of the Destroyers for Bases Agreement. Between 17 January 1941 and 15 October 1941 she also briefly served in the Royal Netherlands Navy as HNLMS Campbeltown before being returned to the RN. Campbeltown became one of the most famous of these ships when she was used in the St Nazaire Raid in 1942.
Denise Ho
Denise Ho Wan-see (born 10 May 1977) is a Hong Kong and Canadian singer and actress. In 2014, Ho was blacklisted by the Chinese government following her support for pro-democracy movements in Hong Kong.

Singularity Group
Singularity Education Group (using the public names Singularity Group, Singularity University or SingularityU) is an American company that offers executive educational programs, a business incubator, and business consultancy services. Although the company uses the word "university" in its branding, it is not an accredited university and has no academic programs or accreditation.

In 2018 the company faced allegations of sexual harassment, embezzlement, and discrimination dating to its founding. As of 2023, the organization has a new management team and is relaunching its global expansion strategy.
Ward No. 137, Kolkata Municipal Corporation
Ward No. 137, Kolkata Municipal Corporation is an administrative division of Kolkata Municipal Corporation in Borough No. 15, covering parts of  Metiabruz  (Lichu Bagan) in Garden Reach neighbourhood in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Kolkata Municipal Corporation
Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) is the local government of the Indian city of Kolkata, the state capital of West Bengal. This civic administrative body administers an area of 206.08 square kilometres (79.57 sq mi). Its motto, Puroshri Bibardhan, is inscribed on its emblem in Bengali script. It is headed by a mayor, who presides over 144 councillors, each of whom represents one of the 144 wards of the city.