hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Christine Platt
Christine Platt (born c. 1953) is the past president of the Commonwealth Association of Planners and past president of the South African Planning Institute. Platt completed her B.A. (Economics) at the University of Natal, Durban, in 1976, and her MTRP (UND) in 1979.

University of Natal
The University of Natal was a university in the former South African province Natal which later became KwaZulu-Natal. The University of Natal no longer exists as a distinct legal entity, as it was incorporated into the University of KwaZulu-Natal on 1 January 2004. It was founded in 1910 as the Natal University College in Pietermaritzburg and expanded to include a campus in Durban in 1931. In 1947, the university opened a medical school for non-white students in Durban. The Pietermaritzburg campus was known for its agricultural engineering programmes, hence the nickname "the farmers" whilst the Durban campus was known as "the engineers," as it concentrated on other engineering programmes.

On 1 January 2004, the University of Natal was merged with the University of Durban-Westville to create a new legal entity called the University of KwaZulu-Natal, as part of a broader reorganisation of South African universities.
Appalachian Forest National Heritage Area
The Appalachian Forest National Heritage Area (abbreviated to AFNHA) is a National Heritage Area encompassing 16 counties in West Virginia and 2 counties in Western Maryland.

In Maryland, AFNHA encompasses Allegany and Garrett Counties. In West Virginia, AFNHA encompasses Barbour, Braxton, Grant, Greenbrier, Hampshire, Hardy, Mineral, Morgan, Nicholas, Pendleton, Pocahontas, Preston, Randolph, Tucker, Upshur and Webster Counties.

It was designated a National Heritage Area in part of the Natural Resources Management Act in 2019.

Tucker County, West Virginia
Tucker County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,762, making it West Virginia's fourth-least populous county. Its county seat is Parsons. The county was created in 1856 from a part of Randolph County, then part of Virginia. In 1871, a small part of Barbour County, was transferred to Tucker County. The county was named after Henry St. George Tucker, Sr., a judge and Congressman from Williamsburg, Virginia.
Kelvin Grove Fig Trees and Air Raid Shelter
Kelvin Grove Fig Trees and Air Raid Shelter are heritage-listed trees and air raid shelter at 176 Kelvin Grove Road, Kelvin Grove, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built from c. 1909 to 1942. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 31 May 2005.

Ficus benjamina
Ficus benjamina, commonly known as weeping fig, benjamin fig or ficus tree and often sold in stores as just ficus, is a species of flowering plant in the family Moraceae, native to Asia and Australia. It is the official tree of Bangkok. The species is also naturalized in the West Indies and in the states of Florida and Arizona in the United States. Its small fruit are favored by some birds. Ficus trees have proved to have environmental benefits in urban areas, such as acting as biomonitors. The species is also associated with some allergens.
Maids Causeway
Maids Causeway (foaled 11 March 2002) is an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. As a two-year-old in 2004 she won three of her seven races including the Sweet Solera Stakes and Rockfel Stakes as well as being placed in both the May Hill Stakes and the Fillies' Mile. As a three-year-old she finished second in the classic 1000 Guineas and then recorded her biggest win in the Coronation Stakes. At the end of the year she was bought by Sheikh Mohammed and retired from racing to become a broodmare. Her name has always been rendered without an apostrophe, consistently with the street of that name alongside Midsummer Common in Cambridge.

Rockfel Stakes
The Rockfel Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old fillies. It is run on the Rowley Mile at Newmarket over a distance of 7 furlongs (1,408 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September.
House of the Binns
The House of the Binns, or simply the Binns, is a historic house and estate in West Lothian, Scotland, the seat of the Dalyell baronets and family (pronounced dee el). It dates principally from the early 17th century and was gifted to the National Trust for Scotland in 1944 by Eleanor Dalyell. It was the home of MP Tam Dalyell until his death in January 2017.

The estate spreads over two hills (bens in Gaelic) from which its name is derived, i.e. it is named "the house of the hills". It is set in 200 acres (80 hectares) of parkland, and the house enjoys panoramic views of central Scotland: to the north, across the River Forth to the Highlands, and south over the Pentland Hills. The house contains a collection of porcelain, furniture, and portraits which trace the family's lives and interests through the centuries.

Pentland Hills
The Pentland Hills are a range of hills southwest of Edinburgh, Scotland. The range is around 20 miles (30 kilometres) in length, covers an area of 35 square miles (91 km2), and runs southwest from Edinburgh towards Biggar and the upper Clydesdale. The hills have been designated as a Scottish regional park.
Wutai Shan Buddhist Garden
Wutai Shan Buddhist Garden (Chinese: 加國五台山, "Wutaishan Canada") is a Chinese Buddhist temple complex located in the township of Cavan Monaghan in Peterborough County, Ontario, between the communities of Omemee and Bethany. It is named after Mount Wutai, one of China's four Sacred Mountains of Buddhism. It is managed by the Buddhist Association of Canada and houses the Buddhist College of Canada.

Buddhist temple
A Buddhist temple or Buddhist monastery is the place of worship for adherents of Buddhism. They include the structures called vihara, chaitya, stupa, wat, khurul and pagoda in different regions and languages. Temples in Buddhism represent the pure land or pure environment of a Buddha. Traditional Buddhist temples are designed to inspire both inner and outer peace.

Buddhist temples follow a set of architectural guides adhering to Buddhist architecture principal, with stylistic derivatives seen throughout South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia.
Kian Soltani
Kian Soltani (Persian: کیان سلطانی; born 3 June 1992) is an Austrian-Iranian cellist, born in Bregenz to a family of Iranian musicians. He has held the post of principal cellist in Daniel Barenboim's West-Eastern Divan Orchestra, where he came to prominence performing Beethoven's Triple Concerto on the orchestra's 2015 tour.

He began playing the cello at the age of four and, at age 12 he began his studies with Ivan Monighetti at Basel Music Academy. He completed his studies as a member of the Young Soloist Programme at the Kronberg Academy in Taunus, Germany, and the International Music Academy in Liechtenstein. He was artist in residence at the Residentie Orchestra in The Hague for the 2018–2019 season.

Residentie Orchestra
Het Residentie Orkest (lit. 'The Residence Orchestra'; known also in English as Residentie Orkest The Hague) is a Dutch orchestra based in The Hague.  The orchestra is currently resident at the Amare performing arts centre in The Hague.
Suminoe-ku, Osaka
Suminoe-ku (住之江区) is one of 24 wards of Osaka, Japan, stretching along the south-west border of the city. It borders the wards of Minato-ku, Taisho-ku and Nishinari-ku to the north, and Sumiyoshi-ku to the east. It has the largest land area of all the wards in Osaka, and includes about half of the Osaka Bay harbor area.

Suminoe-ku is connected to the region by three municipal subway lines (the Yotsubashi Line, the Chuo Line, and the Nankō Port Town Line), as well as two rail lines (Nankai Main Line and Hankai Line) and three expressways. The ward is also home to the Osaka international ferry terminal with services to Shikoku and Kyushu, as well as international destinations Shanghai, China, and Busan, South Korea.

Wards of Japan
A ward (区, ku) is a subdivision of the cities of Japan that are large enough to have been designated by government ordinance.  Wards are used to subdivide each city designated by government ordinance ("designated city"). The 23 special wards of Tokyo Metropolis have a municipal status, and are not the same as other entities referred to as ku, although their predecessors were.

Wards are local entities directly controlled by the municipal government.  They handle administrative functions such as koseki registration, health insurance, and property taxation. Many wards have affiliated residents' organizations for a number of tasks, although these do not have any legal authority.
Transverse ligament
A transverse ligament is a ligament on a transverse plane, orthogonal to the anteroposterior or oral-aboral axiscan of the body.

In human anatomy, examples are:

Flexor retinaculum of the hand or transverse carpal ligament (ligamentum carpi transversum)

Inferior transverse ligament of scapula (ligamentum transversum scapulae inferius)

Inferior transverse ligament of the tibiofibular syndesmosis

Superior transverse ligament of the scapula (ligamentum transversum scapulae superius)

Superior extensor retinaculum of foot or transverse crural ligament (ligamentum transversum cruris)

Transverse acetabular ligament (ligamentum transversum acetabuli)

Transverse humeral ligament (ligamentum transversum humeri)

Transverse ligament of the atlas (ligamentum transversum atlantis)

Transverse ligament of knee (ligamentum transversum genus)

Superior transverse scapular ligament
The superior transverse ligament (transverse or suprascapular ligament) converts the suprascapular notch into a foramen or opening.

It is a thin and flat fascicle, narrower at the middle than at the extremities, attached by one end to the base of the coracoid process and by the other to the medial end of the scapular notch.

The suprascapular nerve always runs through the foramen; while the suprascapular vessels cross over the ligament in most of the cases.

The suprascapular ligament can become completely or partially ossified.  The ligament also been found to split forming doubled space within the suprascapular notch.
Kalateh-ye Pain Darreh
Kalateh-ye Pain Darreh (Persian: كلاته پايين دره, also Romanized as Kalāteh-ye Pā’īn Darreh; also known as Kalāteh-ye Pā’īn Deh) is a village in Barrud Rural District, Kuhsorkh County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 281, in 85 families.

Kuhsorkh County
Kuhsorkh County (Persian: شهرستان کوهسرخ) is in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Rivash, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 5,687 in 1,701 households.
Kiowa Shale
The Kiowa Formation or Kiowa Shale is a Cretaceous geologic formation in Kansas, diminishing to member status in Colorado and Oklahoma. In Colorado, the Kiowa Shale was classified as a member of the now abandoned Purgatoire Formation.  In the vicinity of Longford, Kansas, the local Longford member comprises thinly bedded siltstone, clay, polished gravel, lignite, and sandstone suggests a river and estuary environment.

In other regions, the same strata is called Skull Creek Shale, named after its exposure in Skull Creek, in Wyoming.

Stratigraphic unit
A stratigraphic unit is a volume of rock of identifiable origin and relative age range that is defined by the distinctive and dominant, easily mapped and recognizable petrographic, lithologic or paleontologic features (facies) that characterize it.

Units must be mappable and distinct from one another, but the contact need not be particularly distinct. For instance, a unit may be defined by terms such as "when the sandstone component exceeds 75%".
Brazilian Society of Health Informatics
The Sociedade Brasileira de Informática em Saúde (Brazilian Society of Health Informatics), abbreviated as SBIS, is a professional society created in November 1986 in Campinas, during the First Brazilian Congress on Health Informatics. It has the mission of promoting the development and the interchange of ideas and results in the fields devoted to the information technologies applied to the health sciences (Medical informatics, Telemedicine, Bioinformatics, etc.).

Outline of health sciences
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to health sciences:

Health sciences – those sciences that focus on health, or health care, as core parts of their subject matter. Health sciences relate to multiple academic disciplines, including STEM disciplines and emerging patient safety disciplines (such as social care research).
Cape North (Nova Scotia)
Cape North is a headland at the northeastern end of Cape Breton Island. It is in the jurisdiction of the Municipality of the County of Victoria, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Cape North contains the landforms Pollett's Cove, Wilkie Sugar Loaf and the Aspy Fault and the unincorporated areas of South Harbour, and Dingwall.

The Mi'kmaq called it Uktutuncok, meaning 'Highest Mountain'.

Cape North is claimed to have been the Prima Tierra Vista or first land seen by explorer John Cabot. Despite the ongoing dispute, the event is commemorated by Cabots Landing Provincial Park.

Cape North Lighthouse was built in 1874, and a fog alarm added in 1906. It was destaffed in 1989, and replaced with a modern beacon in 2010.

Aspy Fault
The Aspy Fault  (/ˈæspi/) is a strike-slip fault that runs through 40 km of Cape Breton, Nova Scotia and is often thought to be a part of the Cabot Fault/ Great Glen Fault system of Avalonia. Part of the fault runs through Cape Breton Highlands National Park. This fault runs southward from Cape North through the Margaree Valley. The Aspy River and the upper section of the Margaree River follows the trace of the fault. Evidence shows movement in this fault dating back to the Ordovician period when it was probably created when two continental plates collided and pushed the seafloor upwards, also creating the Appalachian Mountains. Erosion and the presence of this fault have created much of the scenery known today as the Cape Breton Highlands.
Afek (mythology)
Afek is a mythic heroine in the religion of the Min peoples living in Sandaun Province of Papua New Guinea.

Humans were believed created in a multiple birth of the cultural heroine Afek, emerging immediately after the first dog. Afek gave the bush to the spirits right before birthing humans so that they would clear out the villages for the humans to dwell in.

Since as such dogs are spirits (and the "older brother" of man), Urapmin do not kill or eat them (unlike some neighboring tribes), nor do they let dogs breathe on their food. (This contrasts with humans—the Urapmin previously had no cannibalism taboo, but they can share food with them.) In fact, the taboo on eating dogs is one of the few still widely observed.

Sandaun Province
Sandaun Province (formerly West Sepik Province) is the northwesternmost mainland province of Papua New Guinea (also known as home of the sunset). It covers an area of 35,920 km2 (13,870 sq mi) and has a population of 248,411 (2011 census). The capital is Vanimo. In July 1998 the area surrounding the town of Aitape was hit by an enormous tsunami caused by a Magnitude 7.0 earthquake which killed over 2,000 people. The five villages along the west coast of Vanimo towards the International Border are namely; Lido, Waromo, Yako, Musu and Wutung. It borders Indonesia.
Calmels
Calmels is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Célestin Anatole Calmels (1822–1906), French sculptor

Fabrice Calmels (born 1980), French ballet dancer

François Calmels (born 1981), French golfer

Virginie Calmels (born 1971), French businesswoman and politician

Virginie Calmels
Virginie Calmels (born 11 February 1971) is a French businesswoman and politician. She is the former chief executive officer (CEO) of Canal+ and Endemol. She was Alain Juppé’s deputy mayor in Bordeaux. She is also the regional councillor of Nouvelle-Aquitaine.
Kåre Lunden
Kåre Lunden (8 April 1930 – 18 July 2013) was a Norwegian historian, and Professor Emeritus of History at the University of Oslo.

Lunden was born in Naustdal Municipality. He originally studied agronomy at the Norwegian College of Agriculture, graduating in 1957. He then worked six years as a civil servant in the Norwegian Ministry of Church Affairs and Education, before taking up history studies. There he graduated as cand.philol. in 1965. He was appointed by the King-in-Council as Professor of History at the University of Oslo in 1976.

He is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.

He was an able javelin thrower while studying. He represented the sports team of the Norwegian College of Agriculture, NLHI, and threw 50.27 metres in 1954.

He was a brother of poet Eldrid Lunden.

Ministry of Education and Research (Norway)
The Royal Ministry of Education and Research (Norwegian: Kunnskapsdepartementet, KD; full name: Det kongelige kunnskapsdepartement) is a Norwegian government ministry responsible for education, research and kindergartens. The ministry was established in 1814 as the Royal Ministry of Church and Education Affairs.

The current Minister of Education is Kari Nessa Nordtun and the current Minister of Research and Higher Education is Sigrun Gjerløw Aasland, both of whom are of the Labour Party The department reports to the legislature (Stortinget).
First Presbyterian Church (Spencer, New York)
First Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian church located at Spencer in Tioga County, New York. It is a Gothic Revival style, generally rectangular-shaped structure built in 1915. It is constructed of brick with stone trim on a concrete foundation and features a square bell tower at the southwest corner of the building. The interior layout is based upon the Akron plan. It also features 14 stained glass windows designed by Henry Keck of Syracuse, New York.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

The building is occupied by Christ the King Fellowship, a congregation of the Presbyterian Church (USA).

Tioga County, New York
Tioga County /taɪˈoʊɡə/ is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 48,455. Its county seat is Owego. Tioga County is part of the Binghamton metropolitan area. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.

The county's name is a corruption of Iroquois De-yoh-ho-gah, meaning "at the forks" or "where it forks."
John Bronson
Johnathon Lee Bronson (born July 8, 1982) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end for the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Penn State Nittany Lions.

Penn State Nittany Lions football
The Penn State Nittany Lions team represents the Pennsylvania State University in college football. The Nittany Lions compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) as a member of the Big Ten Conference, which they joined in 1993 after playing as an Independent from 1892 to 1992.

Established in 1887, the Nittany Lions have achieved numerous on-field successes, including two consensus national championships in 1982 and 1986; four Big Ten Conference championships in 1994, 2005, 2008 and 2016; 13 undefeated seasons in 1887, 1894, 1909, 1911, 1912, 1920, 1921, 1947, 1968, 1969, 1973, 1986 and 1994; and 53 appearances in college bowl games, with an all-time post-season bowl record of 32–20–2. The team ranks seventh among NCAA Division I college football programs in all-time total wins.

The Nittany Lions play their home games at Beaver Stadium, located on campus in University Park, Pennsylvania.
2017 FIVB Volleyball Men's U23 World Championship
The 2017 FIVB Volleyball Men's U23 World Championship was the third and final edition of the international volleyball tournament and the world championship for men's national teams under the age of 23, organized by the sport's world governing body, FIVB. The tournament was held in Cairo, Egypt from 18 to 25 August 2017. 12 teams from the 5 confederations competed in the tournament.

Argentina defeated defending champions Russia 4–2 in the final to claim their first title in the competition. This marked Argentina's first ever world title at any age group. Cuba won the bronze medal outclassing Brazil 4–1. Germán Johansen from Argentina was elected the MVP.

After this tournament, FIVB declared that "As per decision of May 2019 FIVB Board of Administration, the U23 WCH has been abolished."

Russia men's national volleyball team
The Russia men's national volleyball team is governed by the Russian Volleyball Federation and took part in international volleyball competitions.

FIVB considers Russia as the inheritor of the records of Soviet Union (1948–1991) and CIS (1992).
The USSR Volleyball Federation joined the FIVB in 1948, a year after the foundation of the international governing body. The following year they sent a team to compete in the first FIVB Men’s World Championship and have been dominating the international scene ever since, having won six World Championships, four Olympic Games, six World Cups and 14 European Championships (medals of Russian and the Soviet union combined).

On 28 February 2022, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine and in accordance with a "recommendation" by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), FIVB and CEV suspended the participation of Russia in their competitions.
1931–32 Belfast Charity Cup
The 1931–32 Belfast Charity Cup was the 49th edition of the Belfast Charity Cup, a cup competition in Northern Irish football.

Belfast Celtic won the title for the 6th time, defeating Linfield 2–0 in the final.

People of Northern Ireland
People from Northern Ireland are those born in Northern Ireland who, at the time of their birth, have at least one parent who is a British citizen, an Irish citizen, or otherwise entitled to reside in Northern Ireland indefinitely under the Belfast Agreement.

Most Northern Irish people either identify as British, Northern Irish, Irish, or a combination thereof. The 20th century conflict known as The Troubles, which ended in effect in 1999, was primarily caused by tensions between people who had these different identites, and their connections to religion (Anglican protestants and Catholics).
Thakurpukur metro station
Thakurpukur is an elevated metro station on the North-South corridor of the Purple Line of Kolkata Metro in Thakurpukur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It is located in Thakurpukur, above the Diamond Harbour road. The station was commissioned on 30 December 2022.

Thakurpukur
Thakurpukur is a locality of South Kolkata in South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a part of Behala region. Thakurpukur was under Barisha area during Sabarna Roy Choudhury's zamindari era.
John Gale (MP)
John Gale (1516/17 – 1554), of Crediton, Devon, was an English politician who served as MP for Totnes in 1545 and for Tavistock in 1547.  Gale died in 1554 leaving his entire estate to his wife, Elizabeth.

Totnes (UK Parliament constituency)
Totnes was a parliamentary constituency in Devon represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament.

Under the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the constituency name was abolished. With to minor boundary changes, it was renamed South Devon at the 2024 general election.
Jed (album)
Jed is the second studio album by American rock band Goo Goo Dolls, released on February 22, 1989 by Metal Blade Records. It was the band's first album in which John Rzeznik sang vocals for some of the tracks; the majority of the songs are sung by Robby Takac, with Rzeznik taking over for two ("Up Yours" and "James Dean"). The album was named after painter Jed Jackson, who was Robby Takac's art teacher at Medaille College and who painted the cover artwork, which is entitled "Arkansas Sunset".

Metal Blade Records
Metal Blade Records (often shortened to Metal Blade) is an American independent record label founded by Brian Slagel in 1982 based in the U.S. state of California. The label primarily focuses on heavy metal.