hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Northeast Catholic High School
Northeast Catholic High School opened in 1926 as Northeast Catholic High School for Boys, and was located at 1842 East Torresdale Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was under the administration of the high school system of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia and its sports teams participated in the Philadelphia Catholic League.

Northeast Catholic followed the Salesian tradition, which means that "North's" priests followed in the footsteps of Saint Francis de Sales in their day-to-day actions and mission statement. The school closed permanently in June 2010.

Salesians of Don Bosco
The Salesians of Don Bosco (SDB), formally known as the Society of Saint Francis de Sales (Latin: Societas Sancti Francisci Salesii), is a religious congregation of men in the Catholic Church, founded in 1859 by the Italian priest John Bosco to help poor and migrant youth during the Industrial Revolution. The congregation was named after Francis de Sales, a 17th-century bishop of Geneva.

The Salesians' charter describes the society's mission as "the Christian perfection of its associates obtained by the exercise of spiritual and corporal works of charity towards the young, especially the poor, and the education of boys to the priesthood". Its associated women's institute is the Salesian Sisters of Don Bosco, while the lay movement is the Association of Salesian Cooperators.
Ophir, California
Ophir (also, Spanish Corral and Ophirville) is an unincorporated community in Placer County, California.

Ophir is located 2.5 miles (4.0 km) west of Auburn.  It lies at an elevation of 682 feet (208 m).

Ophir addresses have the ZIP code of 95658, a Newcastle address.

Auburn, California
Auburn is a city in and the county seat of Placer County, California, United States. Its population was 13,776 during the 2020 census. Auburn is known for its California Gold Rush history and is registered as a California Historical Landmark.

Auburn is part of the Sacramento metropolitan area.
Massmart
Massmart Holdings Limited is a South African company that owns and operates major local retail chains including Game, Makro, Builders Warehouse, and CBW. It is the second-largest distributor of consumer goods in Africa, the largest retailer of general merchandise, liquor and home improvement equipment and wholesaler of basic foods.

As of 31 October 2022, Massmart operated 411 stores in South Africa and 12 other Sub-Saharan countries. Its head offices are in the Massmart House in Sunninghill, Johannesburg.

The company has been owned by Bentonville, Arkansas-based retailer Walmart since 2011.

City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality
The City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala weDolobhakazi laseGoli) is a metropolitan municipality that manages the local governance of Johannesburg, the largest city in South Africa. It is divided into several branches and departments in order to expedite services for the city. Zulu is the most spoken home language at 23.4% followed by English at 20.1%.

Johannesburg is a divided municipality: the poor mostly live in the southern suburbs or on the peripheries of the far north, and the middle and upper class live largely in the suburbs of the center and north. As of 2012, unemployment was near 25% and most young people were out of work. Around 20% of the municipality lives in abject poverty in informal settlements that lack proper roads, electricity, or any other kind of direct municipal service.
Riesz's lemma
In mathematics, Riesz's lemma (after Frigyes Riesz) is a lemma in functional analysis. It specifies (often easy to check) conditions that guarantee that a subspace in a normed vector space is dense. The lemma may also be called the Riesz lemma or Riesz inequality. It can be seen as a substitute for orthogonality when the normed space is not an inner product space.

Lemma (mathematics)
In mathematics and other fields, a lemma (pl.: lemmas or lemmata) is a generally minor, proven proposition which is used to prove a larger statement. For that reason, it is also known as a "helping theorem" or an "auxiliary theorem". In many cases, a lemma derives its importance from the theorem it aims to prove; however, a lemma can also turn out to be more important than originally thought.
Malabar danio
The Malabar danio (Devario malabaricus) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish in the family Danionidae. Originating in Sri Lanka and the west coast of India, the fish has been circulated throughout the world through the aquarium trade.

The Malabar danio is found in tropical climates in a wide variety of waters, from mountain streams to small pools, but it prefers flowing waters. It is an active shoaling fish.

Danionin
The danionins are a group of small, slender "minnow-type" freshwater fish nestled in the family Danionidae of the suborder Cyprinoidei. Species of this group are in the genera clades Danio and Devario (which also includes Chela, Laubuka, Microdevario, and Microrasbora genera), based on the latest phylo-genetic research by Fang et al in 2009. They are primarily native to the fresh waters of South and Southeast Asia, with fewer species in Africa. Many species are brightly coloured and are available as aquarium fish worldwide. Fishes of the Danio clade tend to have horizontal striping, rows of spots, or vertical bars, and often have long barbels. Species within the Devario clade tend to have vertical or horizontal bars, and short, rudimentary barbels, if present at all. All danionins are egg scatterers, and breed in the rainy season in the wild. They are carnivores, living on insects and small crustaceans.
Lou (surname 娄)
Lóu is the pinyin romanization of the Chinese surname written 娄 in simplified character and 婁 in traditional character. It is the 229th most common surname in China, shared by approximately 350,000 people. Lou 娄 is listed 139th in the Song dynasty classic text Hundred Family Surnames.

Bozhou
Bozhou (Chinese: 亳州; pinyin: Bózhōu) is a prefecture-level city in northwestern Anhui province, China. It borders Huaibei to the northeast, Bengbu to the southeast, Huainan to the south, Fuyang to the southwest, and Henan to the north. Its population was 4,996,844 at the 2020 census, of whom 1,537,231 lived in the built-up area made of Qiaocheng urban district, even though the county remains largely rural.
2024 Korochansky Ilyushin Il-76 crash
On 24 January 2024, at around 11:15 MSK, a Russian Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 military transport plane crashed near the Ukrainian border in Russia's Korochansky district in Belgorod Oblast, killing everyone on board. Russia stated that the plane was shot down by Ukraine while it was carrying 65 Ukrainian prisoners of war (POWs) captured during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, as well as six crew members and three guards, and that the prisoners of war were to be exchanged in a swap. The General Staff of the Ukrainian Armed Forces did not directly take responsibility for shooting down the airplane, but stated that it was a legitimate military target and that it was carrying S-300 anti-aircraft missiles for bombing Kharkiv Oblast.

Some French and US officials said that the downing of the aircraft was caused by a Patriot missile fired by the Ukrainian army.

Belgorod Oblast
Belgorod Oblast (Russian: Белгоро́дская о́бласть, romanized: Belgorodskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Belgorod. As of 2021, the population is 1,540,486.
Cash on Delivery (TV series)
Cash on Delivery (Chinese: 送餐英雄) is a 2023 Singaporean drama series starring Richie Koh, He Ying Ying, Cavin Soh and Jernelle Oh. It tells the stories of food delivery riders during the COVID-19 pandemic circuit breaker period in Singapore. It aired on weeknights 9pm on Mediacorp Channel 8 starting from 29 May 2023.

Channel 8 (Singaporean TV channel)
Channel 8 (Chinese: 8頻道) is a Singaporean Mandarin-language free-to-air terrestrial television channel in Singapore, owned by state media conglomerate Mediacorp. The channel broadcasts general entertainment and news programming in the Mandarin language, including original and imported programming.

The channel began a series of experimental broadcasts on 31 August 1963, and officially launched on 22 November 1963. As with its sister Channel 5, the channel initially aired programming in all four of Singapore's official languages, with Channel 8 initially having a particular focus on the Chinese and Tamil communities. In 1973, this scope was formalised, with Channel 8 primarily broadcasting Chinese and Tamil-language programmes. In compliance with the government's Speak Mandarin Campaign, Chinese programming on the channel later broadcast solely in Mandarin Chinese. In 1995, Tamil programmes moved to Prime 12, with Channel 8 focusing exclusively on Mandarin programming.
2010 Rangitikei District Council election
The 2010 Rangitikei District Council election was held across the Rangitikei District of Manawatū-Whanganui, New Zealand, for the offices of Mayor of Rangitikei and eleven members of the Rangitikei District Council on 9 October 2010. They were held as part of the 2010 New Zealand local elections. Postal ballots were issued to 10,068 registered voters, and were returned from 17 September to 9 October. Across the district, 3,619 people cast votes, a voter turnout of 47%.

Chalky Leary was re-elected as mayor unopposed, becoming the first mayor in 21 years to be re-elected without a challenge. First past the post (FPP) was used to elect the eleven members of the Rangitikei District Council—four from the Marton ward, three from the Taihape ward, two from the Bulls ward and one each from the Hunterville and Turakina wards.

The previous local elections took place in October 2007 and the following elections in October 2013.

Rangitikei District Council
The Rangitikei District Council is the local government authority for Rangitikei District in New Zealand. It is a territorial authority elected to represent the 16,000 people of Rangitikei. Since October 2013, the Mayor of Rangitikei is Andy Watson, who succeeded Robert "Chalky" Leary. The council consists of a mayor who is elected at large, and 11 councillors elected across five (three in 2019) wards, one of whom gets chosen as deputy mayor. The councillors are elected under the first-past-the-post (FPTP) system in triennial elections.
R 6 (Kosovo)
The R 6 Motorway (Albanian: Autostrada R 6; Serbian: Autoput R 6), also commonly Autostrada Prishtinë-Han i Elezit and Autostrada Prishtinë-Shkup or Autostrada Arbën Xhaferi, is a motorway in Kosovo running 60 kilometres (37 mi) in the districts of Ferizaj and Pristina. The motorway connects Pristina with Skopje in North Macedonia.

The motorway is named in honour of the Albanian politician and activist from North Macedonia, Arbën Xhaferi. Part of the Southeast European route 6 and European route 65, it consists of two traffic lanes and an emergency lane in each driving direction separated by a central reservation.

Median strip
A median strip, central reservation, roadway median, or traffic median is the reserved area that separates opposing lanes of traffic on divided roadways such as divided highways, dual carriageways, freeways, and motorways. The term also applies to divided roadways other than highways, including some major streets in urban or suburban areas. The reserved area may simply be paved, but commonly it is adapted to other functions; for example, it may accommodate decorative landscaping, trees, a median barrier, or railway, rapid transit, light rail, or streetcar lines.
Paradox of radiation of charged particles in a gravitational field
The paradox of a charge in a gravitational field is an apparent physical paradox in the context of general relativity. A charged particle at rest in a gravitational field, such as on the surface of the Earth, must be supported by a force to prevent it from falling. According to the equivalence principle, it should be indistinguishable from a particle in flat spacetime being accelerated by a force. Maxwell's equations say that an accelerated charge should radiate electromagnetic waves, yet such radiation is not observed for stationary particles in gravitational fields.

One of the first to study this problem was Max Born in his 1909 paper about the consequences of a charge in uniformly accelerated frame. Earlier concerns and possible solutions were raised by Wolfgang Pauli (1918), Max von Laue (1919), and others, but the most recognized work on the subject is the resolution of Thomas Fulton and Fritz Rohrlich in 1960.

Charged particle
In physics, a charged particle is a particle with an electric charge. For example, some elementary particles, like the electron or quarks are charged. Some composite particles like protons are charged particles.  An ion, such as a molecule or atom with a surplus or deficit of electrons relative to protons are also charged particles.

A plasma is a collection of charged particles, atomic nuclei and separated electrons, but can also be a gas containing a significant proportion of charged particles.

Charged particles are labeled as either  positive (+) or negative (-). The designations are arbitrary. Nothing is inherent to a positively charged particle that makes it "positive", and the same goes for negatively charged particles.
Jim Main
Jim Main (12 March 1943 – 8 August 2022) was an Australian sports journalist and writer. He is known especially for his coverage of Australian rules football, especially his book More Than a Century of AFL Grand Finals (2001–2005), some editions of which he co-authored with Rohan Connolly.

He studied law at the University of Melbourne and later graduated from La Trobe University with a bachelor of arts degree. Main worked at the Melbourne Herald and later on London's Daily Express. He was later sports editor of The Australian for more than 10 years.

He covered several Commonwealth Games and Olympic Games and won a Walkley Award for his coverage of the 1970 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh.

Main was inducted into the Melbourne Cricket Ground Media Hall of Fame in 2003.

He has published more than 60 books and has co-written books with David Allen, Eddie McGuire and Jim Stynes.
He was also a notable supporter and historian of the Sydney Swans.

La Trobe University
La Trobe University is a public research university based in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Its main campus is located in the suburb of Bundoora. The university was established in 1964, becoming the third university in the state of Victoria and the twelfth university in Australia. La Trobe is one of the Australian verdant universities and also part of the Innovative Research Universities group.

La Trobe's original and principal campus is located in the Melbourne metropolitan area, within the northern Melbourne suburb of Bundoora. It is the largest metropolitan campus in the country, occupying over 267 hectares (660 acres). It has two other major campuses located in the regional Victorian city of Bendigo and the twin border cities of Albury-Wodonga. There are two smaller regional campuses in Mildura and Shepparton and a city campus in Melbourne's CBD on Collins Street and in Sydney on Elizabeth Street.

La Trobe offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses across its ten schools.
The Ritz-Carlton Reynolds, Lake Oconee
The Ritz-Carlton Reynolds Lake Oconee is a hotel in Greensboro, Georgia. The land was purchased by solidified cottonseed oil inventor Mercer Reynolds Sr. and his cousin James Madison Reynolds in the 1920s and 30s. Over the following half-century, the Reynolds family developed it into a gated community. They started allowing outside developments in the 1980s. The Ritz-Carlton opened there in 2002, with 251 rooms and suites. Before MetLife purchased the hotel from the Reynolds family in 2012, it was Reynolds Plantation. Amenities include nine restaurants, six golf courses designed by Jack Nicklaus, a spa, four marinas, multiple swimming pools, a fitness/tennis center, and paths for walking and biking.

Cottonseed oil
Cottonseed oil is cooking oil from the seeds of cotton plants of various species, mainly Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium herbaceum, that are grown for cotton fiber, animal feed, and oil.

Cotton seed has a similar structure to other oilseeds, such as sunflower seed, having an oil-bearing kernel surrounded by a hard outer hull; in processing, the oil is extracted from the kernel. Cottonseed oil is used for salad oil, mayonnaise, salad dressing, and similar products because of its flavor stability.
Antigua and Barbuda at the Commonwealth Games
Antigua and Barbuda have competed in nine Commonwealth Games, beginning in 1966. They did not attend in 1974, and after their return to the Games in 1978, did not compete again until 1994. They have competed in every Games since, but still have not won their first Commonwealth Games medal.

1994 Commonwealth Games
The 1994 Commonwealth Games (French: XVéme Jeux du Commonwealth) were held in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, between 18 and 28 August 1994. It was the 15th Commonwealth Games. These were the fourth and most recent Commonwealth Games to be hosted by Canada, after Hamilton 1930, Vancouver 1954, and Edmonton 1978.

The Games featured ten sports: athletics, aquatics (diving and swimming), badminton, boxing, cycling, gymnastics, lawn bowls, shooting, weightlifting and wrestling. Judo which had replaced wrestling in 1990 was dropped in favour of wrestling returning, the latter being dropped from the Games for the first time in 1990.
Nassua
"Nassua" or "Nassua of Machame" (c.1830s-1900s), (Njama Nassua in Kichagga; Mahauri Nassua in Swahili) served as the royal advisor Njama  of his cousin Mangi Ndesserua from the late 1861 to 1871 in the kingdom of Machame. From 1889 to 1894, he was the regent of his nephew, Mangi Shangali. Nassua was the son of Kishongu, who was Mangi Mamkinga's eldest brother and the grandson of the great Mangi Rengua. In the 1840s, Mamkinga murdered Kishogu. In addition to granting his nephew Shangali the Machame throne, Nassua is renowned for his strategic loyalty to Nuya of Machame and Mangi Sina.

Machame
Machame or Kingdom of Machame (Isarile ya Mashame in Kichagga; Ufalme wa Machame in Swahili) was a historic sovereign Chagga state located in modern day Machame Kaskazini ward in Hai District of Kilimanjaro Region in Tanzania. Historically, the Machame kingdom was in 1889 referred by Hans Meyer as a great African giant, the kingdom was also the largest and most populous of all the Chagga sovereign states on Kilimanjaro, whose most powerful ruler Mangi Rengua as early as 1849 was reckoned as a giant African king with influence extending throughout all Chagga states except Rombo.
Taray at Teroy
Taray at Teroy (lit. 'Taray and Teroy') is a 1988 Filipino romantic comedy film directed by Pablo Santiago. It stars Maricel Soriano and Santiago's son Randy Santiago as the respective titular characters, alongside Barbara Perez, Nova Villa, Jimmy Fabregas, Beverly Salviejo, Esther Chavez, and Nadia Montenegro. Produced by Regal Films, the film was released on February 25, 1988.

Critic Luciano E. Soriano of the Manila Standard gave the film a negative review, criticizing it as "[s]hallow and hollow" and "strictly attuned for the fans of the two lead stars".

Regal Entertainment
Regal Entertainment Inc. (formerly and more commonly known as Regal Films) is a Philippine film, television production and distribution headquartered in New Manila, Quezon City. It was founded by Lily Monteverde on August 19, 1962. Regal Entertainment is one of the largest film studios in the Philippines, along with Star Cinema, GMA Pictures, and Viva Films.
The Blood Sword
The Blood Sword is a Hong Kong television series adapted from the wuxia manhua series Chinese Hero: Tales of the Blood Sword by Ma Wing-shing. The series was produced by ATV and first aired in June 1990. It was followed by a 1991 prequel, The Blood Sword 2.

Manhua
Manhua (traditional Chinese: 漫畫; simplified Chinese: 漫画; pinyin: mànhuà) are Chinese-language comics produced in Greater China. Chinese comics and narrated illustrations have existed in China throughout its history.

They are usually graphic and can be written for a myriad of genres, including romance, fantasy, historical, thrillers, paranormal, and horror. The narratives are varied but often include tropes and plots common to Asian culture and settings.

The first major manhua magazine, Shanghai Sketch, first published in 1928. During the early 20th century, political manhua  were printed as propaganda during times of political upheaval. At the start of the 21st century, Chinese cartoonists began to publish manhua through social media and microblogging websites.
Evolution of reptiles
Reptiles arose about 320 million years ago during the Carboniferous period. Reptiles, in the traditional sense of the term, are defined as animals that have scales or scutes, lay land-based hard-shelled eggs, and possess ectothermic metabolisms. So defined, the group is paraphyletic, excluding endothermic animals like birds that are descended from early traditionally defined reptiles.  A definition in accordance with phylogenetic nomenclature, which rejects paraphyletic groups, includes birds while excluding mammals and their synapsid ancestors. So defined, Reptilia is identical to Sauropsida.

Though few reptiles today are apex predators, many examples of apex reptiles have existed in the past. Reptiles have an extremely diverse evolutionary history that has led to biological successes, such as dinosaurs, pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs, and ichthyosaurs.

Scale (zoology)
In zoology, a scale (Ancient Greek: λεπίς, romanized: lepís; Latin: squāma) is a small rigid plate made out of keratin that grows out of vertebrate animals' skin to provide protection. In lepidopterans (butterflies and moths), scales are plates on the surface of the insect wing, made out of chitin instead of keratin, and provide coloration. Scales are quite common and have evolved multiple times through convergent evolution, with varying structure and function.

Scales are generally classified as part of an organism's integumentary system. There are various types of scales according to the shape and class of an animal.
2010 Speedway Grand Prix of Scandinavia
The 2010 FIM Scandinavian Speedway Grand Prix was the seventh race of the 2010 Speedway Grand Prix season. It took place on 14 August at the G&B Arena in Målilla, Sweden.

The Grand Prix was won by Pole Rune Holta who beat World Champion Jason Crump, new Grand Prix leader Tomasz Gollob and host rider Fredrik Lindgren. It was second GP winning by Holta, after 2008 Swedish Grand Prix in Gothenburg.

Målilla
Målilla (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈmôːˌlɪlːa]) is a locality in Hultsfred Municipality, Kalmar County, Sweden with 1,524 inhabitants in 2010.

It is commonly known as the temperature capital of Sweden due to both high and low temperature records being set there. A Swedish record high temperature of +38 °C (100.4 °F) was set on June 29, 1947. This record is shared with Ultuna in Uppland. The lowest temperature recorded is −33.8 °C, one of the lowest ever recorded in southern Sweden.

Due to its fame for the extremes in temperature, the center of the town's main roundabout features a 15 metre high thermometer. Shortly after its construction in December 2000, it was hit by a motorist and its bulb had to be replaced.