hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Christopher Cradock
Rear-Admiral Sir Christopher George Francis Maurice Cradock KCVO CB SGM (2 July 1862 – 1 November 1914) was an English senior officer of the Royal Navy. He earned a reputation for great gallantry.

Appointed to the royal yacht, he was close to the British royal family. Prior to the First World War, his combat service during the Mahdist War and the Boxer Rebellion was all ashore. Appointed Commander-in-Chief of the North America and West Indies Station before the war, his mission was to protect Allied merchant shipping by hunting down German commerce raiders.

Late in 1914 he was tasked to search for and destroy the East Asia Squadron of the Imperial German Navy as it headed home around the tip of South America. Believing that he had no choice but to engage the squadron in accordance with his orders, despite his numerical and tactical inferiority, he was killed during the Battle of Coronel off the coast of Chile in November when the German ships sank his flagship.

Rear admiral (Royal Navy)
Rear admiral (RAdm) is a flag officer rank of the Royal Navy. It is immediately superior to commodore and is subordinate to vice admiral. It is a two-star rank and has a NATO ranking code of OF-7.

The equivalent rank in the British Army and Royal Marines is major-general; and in the Royal Air Force it is air vice-marshal.
Jack London Square
Jack London Square is a neighborhood on the waterfront of Oakland, California, United States. Named after the author Jack London and owned by the Port of Oakland, it is the home of stores, restaurants, hotels, Amtrak's Jack London Square station, a San Francisco Bay Ferry ferry dock, the historic Heinold's First and Last Chance Saloon, the (re-located) cabin where Jack London lived in the Klondike, and a movie theater. The former presidential yacht USS Potomac is moored at an adjacent slip.

San Francisco Bay Ferry
San Francisco Bay Ferry is a public transit passenger ferry service in the San Francisco Bay, administered by the San Francisco Bay Area Water Emergency Transportation Authority (WETA) and operated under contract by the privately owned Blue and Gold Fleet. In 2025, the system had a ridership of 3,013,100, or about 8,800 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025.

San Francisco Bay Ferry is a different system from Golden Gate Ferry, which provides passenger ferry service between San Francisco and Marin County.
Sulitjelma Glacier
The Sulitjelma Glacier (also: Sulitjelmaisen (Norwegian), Sállajiegŋa (Lule Sami), or Salajekna (Swedish)) is one of the largest glaciers in mainland Norway. The 24-square-kilometre (9.3 sq mi) glacier is located in mostly in Norway, but the eastern part crosses over into Sweden. The Norwegian part is in Fauske Municipality in Nordland county, about 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of the town of Fauske.  The Swedish part (where it is referred to as Salajekna) lies on the border of Arjeplog Municipality and Jokkmokk Municipality in Norrbotten County. When the whole glacier is considered, it is the largest glacier in Sweden.

The glacier's highest point is 1,680 metres (5,510 ft) above sea level and its lowest point is at an elevation of 830 metres (2,720 ft). The glacier has retreated in recent years.  The lake Låmivatnet lies just south of the glacier.

Stockholm University operates an automatic weather station near the glacier front.

Stockholm University
Stockholm University (SU) (Swedish: Stockholms universitet) is a public research university in Stockholm, Sweden, founded as a college in 1878, with university status since 1960. With over 33,000 students at four different faculties: law, humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences, it is one of the largest universities in Scandinavia.

Stockholm University was granted university status in 1960, making it the fourth oldest Swedish university. As with other public universities in Sweden, Stockholm University's mission includes teaching and research anchored in society at large.
Jami Mosque, Khambhat
The Jami Mosque is a Friday mosque in Khambat, in the state of Gujarat, India. Built in 1325, it is one of the oldest Islamic monuments in Gujarat. The mosque's interior is an open courtyard built with 100 columns.

The mosque is a Monument of National Importance.

Monuments of National Importance
This article contains lists of Monuments of National Importance in India.

An Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 defines an "Ancient Monument" as follows:

Ancient Monument means any structure, erection or monument, or any tumulus or place of interment, or any cave, rock-sculpture, inscription or monolith which is of historical, archaeological or artistic interest and which has been in existence for not less than 100 years

A "Monument of National Importance" is designated by the Archaeological Survey of India and includes the following:

The remains of an ancient monument

The site of an ancient monument

The land on which there are fences or protective covering structures for preserving the monument

Land by means of which people can freely access the monument

monument is something that show our history our strength and our power.

In 2023 an updated list was published by National Monument Authority which identifies a total of 3757 monuments.
Broadway, Letchworth
Broadway is a road through the centre of Letchworth, in Hertfordshire, England, laid out when the garden city of Letchworth was created. It incorporates Broadway Gardens, and is listed Grade II in Historic England's Register of Parks and Gardens.

Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England
The Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England provides a listing and classification system for historic parks and gardens similar to that used for listed buildings. The register was set up by Historic England under the provisions of the National Heritage Act 1983. Over 1,600 sites are listed, ranging from the grounds of large stately homes to small domestic gardens, as well other designed landscapes such as town squares, public parks, and cemeteries. The register is published on the National Heritage List for England alongside other national heritage designations.
Selumetinib
Selumetinib (INN), sold under the brand name Koselugo, is a medication for the treatment of children, two years of age and older, with neurofibromatosis type I (NF-1), a genetic disorder of the nervous system causing tumors to grow on nerves. It is taken by mouth.

Common side effects include headache, abdominal pain and other problems of the gastrointestinal tract, fatigue, muscle pain, as well as dry skin and other skin problems.

Selumetinib was approved for medical use in the United States in April 2020, and in the European Union in June 2021. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration considers it to be a first-in-class medication.

Oral administration
Oral administration is a route of administration whereby a substance is taken through the mouth, swallowed, and then processed via the digestive system. This is a common route of administration for many medications.

Oral administration can be easier and less painful than other routes of administration, such as injection.  However, the onset of action is relatively low, and the effectiveness is reduced if it is not absorbed properly in the digestive system, or if it is broken down by digestive enzymes before it can reach the bloodstream. Some medications may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea or vomiting, when taken orally. Oral administration can also only be applied to conscious patients, and patients able to swallow.
Music of Tennessee
The story of Tennessee's contribution to American music is essentially the story of three cities: Nashville, Memphis, and Bristol. While Nashville is most famous for its status as the long-time capital of country music, Bristol is recognized as the "Birthplace of Country Music". Memphis musicians have had an enormous influence on blues, early rock and roll, R&B, and soul music, as well as an increasing presence in rap.

Hillary Scott
Hillary Dawn Scott-Tyrrell (born April 1, 1986) is an American singer and songwriter who rose to fame as the co-lead vocalist of the country music group Lady A. She is signed to Big Machine Records.

In collaboration with her family, Scott released the gospel album Love Remains in 2016 as a solo artist. The album reached number 7 on the Billboard 200.
Rorty
Rorty is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Amélie Rorty (1932–2020), Belgian-born American philosopher

James Rorty (1890–1973), American radical writer and poet, father of Richard Rorty

Malcolm C. Rorty (1875–1937), American economist

Richard Rorty (1931–2007), American philosopher

Amélie Rorty
Amélie Oksenberg Rorty (May 20, 1932 – September 18, 2020)  was a Belgian-born American philosopher known for her work in the philosophy of mind (in particular on the emotions), history of philosophy (especially Aristotle, Spinoza
and Descartes), and moral philosophy.
Cyclohexa-1,5-dienecarbonyl-CoA hydratase
The enzyme cyclohexa-1,5-dienecarbonyl-CoA hydratase (EC 4.2.1.100) catalyzes the chemical reaction

6-hydroxycyclohex-1-enecarbonyl-CoA  cyclohexa-1,5-dienecarbonyl-CoA + H2O

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the hydro-lyases, which cleave carbon-oxygen bonds.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-enecarbonyl-CoA (cyclohexa-1,5-dienecarbonyl-CoA-forming). Other names in common use include cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA hydratase, dienoyl-CoA hydratase, and cyclohexa-1,5-dienecarbonyl-CoA hydro-lyase (incorrect).  This enzyme participates in benzoate degradation via CoA ligation.

Lyase
In biochemistry, a lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking (an elimination reaction) of various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis (a substitution reaction) and oxidation, often forming a new double bond or a new ring structure. The reverse reaction is also possible (called a Michael reaction). For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be a lyase:

ATP → cAMP + PPi

Lyases differ from other enzymes in that they require only one substrate for the reaction in one direction, but two substrates for the reverse reaction.
Alok Vaid-Menon
Alok Vaid-Menon (born July 1, 1991), also known mononymously as Alok (often stylized in all caps), is an American writer, performance artist, and media personality. Vaid-Menon is gender non-conforming and transfeminine, and uses the singular they third person pronouns.

Vaid-Menon's work deals with violence against trans and gender non-conforming people, calling for freedom from what they see as constraining gender norms. They advocate for bodily diversity, gender neutrality, and self-determination. Vaid-Menon has presented creative work in over 40 countries.

Mononym
A mononym is a name composed of only one word. An individual who is known and addressed by a mononym is a mononymous person.

A mononym may be the person's only name, given to them at birth. This was routine in most ancient societies, and remains common in modern societies such as in Afghanistan, Bhutan, some parts of Indonesia (especially by older Javanese people), Myanmar, Mongolia, Tibet, and South India.

In other cases, a person may select a single name from their polynym or adopt a mononym as a chosen name, pen name, stage name, or regnal name. A popular nickname may effectively become a mononym, in some cases adopted legally. For some historical figures, a mononym is the only name that is still known today.
Erik Ruthford Pedersen
Erik Ruthford Pedersen (born 14 February 1946) is a Norwegian former football manager.

A player with a modest career in Start, he started his managing career in local clubs Vindbjart and Vigør before being hired by Bodø/Glimt. After two seasons he returned to Start, first as assistant manager, then as manager from 1982 to 1984. After long periods as youth coach and assistant manager, he again became manager in 1995. From 2007 through 2017 he was their goalkeeper coach. He was the father of players Kjetil Ruthford Pedersen and Steinar Pedersen, and after Steinar Pedersen was sacked as manager by Start's new director of sports Tor-Kristian Karlsen in 2017, Pedersen quit Start. He was regarded as a club legend and a person who "was Start". He instead became goalkeeper coach of Vigør, and of Arendal when his son Steinar Pedersen was managed there.

FK Vigør
FK Vigør is a Norwegian football club from Hellemyr, Kristiansand. Vigør is the Norwegian name for vigor. The club colors are brown and white, and the club was founded on 5 October 1918.

The men's team currently resides in the Fourth Division, the fifth tier of Norwegian football, having last played in the Second Division in 2000. It contested a playoff to win promotion to the First Division in 1996, but failed.

FK Vigør also has a women's section. It fielded a senior team in the league system in 2008, but not in 2023.
Modern Chinese characters
Modern Chinese characters (Traditional Chinese: 現代漢字; Hong Kong and Macau Chinese: 現代漢字; Simplified Chinese: 现代汉字; Pinyin: xiàndài hànzì) are the Chinese characters used in modern languages, mostly in modern Chinese, and additionally in modern Japanese and Korean. Chinese characters are composed of components, which are in turn composed of strokes. 
The 100 most frequently used characters cover (i.e., having an accumulated frequency of) over 40% of modern Chinese texts. The 1000 most frequently used characters cover approximately 90% of the texts.
There are a variety of novel aspects of modern Chinese characters, including that of orthography, phonology, and semantics, as well as matters of collation and organization and statistical analysis, computer processing, and pedagogy.

Regular script
The regular script is the newest of the major Chinese script styles, emerging during the Three Kingdoms period c. 230 CE, and stylistically mature by the 7th century. It is the most common style used in modern text. In its traditional form it is the third-most common in publishing after the Ming and Gothic types used exclusively in print.
Chipmunk (software)
Chipmunk2D is a 2-dimensional real-time rigid body physics engine written by Scott Lembcke that is designed to be portable, lightweight, fast, and easy to use. Prior to version 7, two main versions of the library existed. Chipmunk2D Free was written purely in C99, and freely available under the terms of the MIT License. Chipmunk2D Pro was a proprietary upgrade designed for development on mobile devices. It included several high-level subroutines in Objective-C, and floating-point optimizations for the ARM processor. However, after version 7 the project was fully open-sourced.

Aside from Objective-C, there are official bindings for Ruby, and third party interfaces exist for Python, Haskell, OCaml, and others. Chipmunk is endorsed by a number of game libraries, including Aerosol, Gosu, and Cocos2d.

C99
C99 (C9X during its development, formally ISO/IEC 9899:1999) is a past version of the C programming language open standard. It extends the previous version (C90) with new features for the language and the standard library, and helps implementations make better use of available computer hardware, such as IEEE 754-1985 floating-point arithmetic, and compiler technology. The C11 version of the C programming language standard, published in 2011, updates C99.
Riina Solman
Riina Solman (Estonian: [ˈriːnɑ ˈsolmɑn]; born 23 June 1972) is an Estonian politician. She served as Minister of Population Affairs in the second cabinet of Jüri Ratas from 29 April 2019 to 26 January 2021. The office of Minister of Population Affairs was removed in the cabinet of Prime Minister Kaja Kallas.

She stood for the Riigikogu in the 2023 elections, received 1773 votes in constituency No 1 (Haabersti, Põhja-Tallinn and Kristiine) and was elected.

Kristiine
Kristiine (Estonian for 'Christina') is one of the 8 administrative districts (Estonian: linnaosa) of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia.

Kristiine is divided into 3 subdistricts (Estonian: asum):

Järve

Lilleküla

Tondi

The name of Kristiine originates from the Swedish Queen Christina, under whose rule in 1653 the area was divided into 46 pieces (each of them 9 ha) and sold to businessmen and city officials for 100 riksdaler. The whole area was called Christinental (Valley of Christina) and later Kristiine hayfield.

The elder of the district is Andrei Novikov (as of September 2013).
Musée des Beaux-Arts et d'Archéologie de Châlons-en-Champagne
The musée des Beaux-Arts et d'Archéologie de Châlons-en-Champagne is a French art and archaeology museum on place Godart in Châlons-en-Champagne. It was set up as the museum for the department in 1794 to house artworks confiscated from émigrés and religious houses.

Châlons-en-Champagne
Châlons-en-Champagne (French pronunciation: [ʃɑlɔ̃ ɑ̃ ʃɑ̃paɲ]) is a city in the Grand Est region of France. It is the capital of the department of Marne, despite being only a quarter the size of the city of Reims.

Formerly called Châlons-sur-Marne, the city was officially renamed in 1995. It should not be confused with the Burgundian town of Chalon-sur-Saône.
Long View Stock Farm
Long View Stock Farm is a historic farmstead located in rural Gann Valley, South Dakota, United States. Originally established in 1910 on 52 acres (21 ha), the farm now spans across 640 acres (260 ha) in Eden Township.

The farmstead was purchased by the Sinkie family in 1902, who built a farmhouse in 1910. The barn was built in 1917. In 1924, a storm severely damaged the barn, destroying the hayloft, which was rebuilt in 1927. The Sinkies raised horses and livestock, including chickens and cattle; grew crops; and ran a dairy.

On August 24, 2018, 52 acres (21 ha) of the original farmland were listed on the National Register of Historic Places. This area includes the barn, farmhouse, cellar, garage, two chicken coops, and an outhouse.

Farmhouse
A farmhouse is a building that serves as the primary quarters in a rural or agricultural setting. Historically, farmhouses were often combined with space for animals called a housebarn. Other farmhouses may be connected to one or more barns, built to form a courtyard, or with each farm building separate from each other.
Aquarius horizontalis
Aquarius horizontalis or Echinodorus horizontalis is a species of plant in the Alismataceae family. It is native to northern South America (Venezuela, Colombia, Guyana, Ecuador, Peru, northern Brazil).

Alismataceae
The water-plantains (Alismataceae) are a family of flowering plants, comprising 20 genera (17 extant and 3 fossil) and 119 species. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, with the greatest number of species in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Most of the species are herbaceous aquatic plants growing in marshes and ponds.
Gareth Jones (computer scientist)
Gareth Jones is a computer scientist. Jones obtained a bachelor's degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from the University of Bristol in 1989 and a PhD examining the Application of Linguistic Models in Continuous Speech Recognition in 1994 from the same institution. He has since worked at the University of Cambridge, at the University of Exeter, at the Toshiba Corporation Research and Development Centre in Kawasaki, Japan, at Carnegie Mellon University, U.S.A. and at the National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan. In 2003 he was appointed as a Senior Lecturer in the School of Computing at Dublin City University.

Jones has published extensively in the general field of  information retrieval, especially with regard to multi-medial and cross-linguistic information access, and is a member of several editorial boards.

Information retrieval
Information retrieval (IR) in computing and information science is the task of identifying and retrieving information system resources that are relevant to an information need. The information need can be specified in the form of a search query. In the case of document retrieval, queries can be based on full-text or other content-based indexing. Information retrieval is the science of searching for information in a document, searching for documents themselves, and also searching for the metadata that describes data, and for databases of texts, images, or sounds. Cross-modal retrieval implies retrieval across modalities.

Automated information retrieval systems are used to reduce what has been called information overload. An IR system is a software system that provides access to books, journals, and other documents, as well as storing and managing those documents. Web search engines are the most visible IR applications.
Antrim county football team
The Antrim county football team represents Antrim GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association, in the Gaelic sport of football. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Ulster Senior Football Championship and the National Football League.

Antrim's home ground is Casement Park, Belfast; however, this has been closed for redevelopment since 2013, with most home games being played instead at Corrigan Park. The team's manager is vacant.

The team last won the Ulster Senior Championship in 1951, but has never won the All-Ireland Senior Championship or the National League.

Corrigan Park
Corrigan Park is a Gaelic games ground on the Whiterock Road in west Belfast that served as the main venue for GAA in Belfast until the opening of Casement Park in 1953. It is named in honour of John Corrigan (1881–1916), who was secretary of the Antrim County Board when Antrim won Ulster Senior Hurling Championship titles between 1909 and 1913.

It is home to St John's GAA club and also hosts Ulster club and colleges matches.
Arthur Lyon Fremantle
General Sir Arthur James Lyon Fremantle GCMG CB KStJ (11 November 1835 – 25 September 1901) was a British Army officer best known for his travels through the United States during the American Civil War. Whilst holding the rank of "Captain and Lieutenant Colonel" he spent three months, from 2 April to 16 July 1863, in a tour of North America, travelling through parts of the Confederate and Union territories. Contrary to popular belief, Fremantle was not an official representative of the British government, instead being merely a war tourist.

General (United Kingdom)
General (or full general to distinguish it from the lower general officer ranks) is the highest rank achievable by serving officers of the British Army and the Royal Marines.  The rank can also be held by Royal Marines officers in tri-service posts, for example, Generals Sir Gordon Messenger and Sir Gwyn Jenkins, former Vice-Chiefs of the Defence Staff. It ranks above lieutenant-general and, in the Army, is subordinate to the rank of field marshal, which is now awarded as an honorary rank only.  The rank of general has a NATO-code of OF-9, and is a four-star rank.  It is equivalent to a full admiral in the Royal Navy or an air chief marshal in the Royal Air Force.

Officers holding the ranks of general, lieutenant-general and major-general are 'general officers' and may be addressed as 'general'.
Marren
Marren is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adrian Marren, Irish Gaelic footballer

Amy Marren (born 1998), British Paralympic swimmer

Enda Marren (1934–2013), Irish solicitor and member of the Irish Council of State

Adrian Marren
Adrian Marren is a Gaelic footballer from Ireland. Marren plays for the Curry club and previously for the Sligo county team.

Marren was part of the Sligo team that won the Connacht title in 2007.

He was also man-of-the-match in a 2012 Connacht Senior Football Championship victory over Galway in which he scored 2–6.

In October 2020, Marren announced his retirement from inter-county football after 16 years.