hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Philippe Diolé
Philippe Victor Diolé (Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, August 24, 1908 – Paris, November 12, 1977) was a French author and undersea explorer.

Diolé was born in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, Val-de-Marne, France, son of Marcel (a jurist) and Elizabeth (Legrand) Diolé. He received a Licence en Droit (a law degree) from the University of Paris in 1928. He married Marguerite Monsenergue on July 6, 1953.

With Jacques-Yves Cousteau he co-authored 7 of the 8-volume series The Undersea Discoveries of Jacques-Yves Cousteau (1970-1975) and co-authored The Whale (1987), which was released posthumously.

In 1977, shortly before his death, Philippe Diolé was co-founder in Paris of the LFDA foundation (La Fondation Droit Animal), aimed to defend animal rights.

Law degree
A law degree is an academic degree conferred for studies in law.

Some law degrees are professional degrees that are prerequisites or serve as preparation for legal careers. These generally include the Bachelor of Civil Law, Bachelor of Laws, and Juris Doctor. Law degrees that are not part of a professional pathway to legal practice include the Master of Laws (LLM) and Doctor of Laws (LLD or JSD).

These degrees are usually obtained through a combination of coursework, research, and practical experiences, such as internships or clinical legal education. Law degrees are recognized as a necessary step towards becoming a licensed lawyer in many jurisdictions, and they also provide a foundation for various other career paths such as academia, policy, or consultancy.
Oskar Morgenstern
Oskar Morgenstern (German: [ˈmɔʁɡn̩ʃtɛʁn]; January 24, 1902 – July 26, 1977) was a German-born economist. In collaboration with mathematician John von Neumann, he is credited with founding the field of game theory and its application to social sciences and strategic decision-making. He also made significant contributions to decision theory (see von Neumann–Morgenstern utility theorem).

He served as a consultant or co-founder for companies including the Market Research Corporation of America and the original Mathematica Inc.

Liberty Fund
Liberty Fund, Inc. is an American nonprofit foundation headquartered in Carmel, Indiana, that promotes the libertarian views of its founder, Pierre F. Goodrich, through publishing, conferences, and educational resources. The operating mandate of the Liberty Fund was set forth in an unpublished memo written by Goodrich "to encourage the study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals".
George Nicholas (politician)
George Nicholas (c. 1754 – July 25, 1799) was an American lawyer, planter, patriot, military officer and politician who helped to write the first Kentucky constitution and became the first professor of law at Transylvania University. He also briefly served as Attorney General of Kentucky, and several terms in the Virginia House of Delegates.

Transylvania University
Transylvania University (often shortened as Transy) is a private liberal arts college in Lexington, Kentucky, United States. It was founded in 1780 and is Kentucky's oldest university. It offers 46 major programs, as well as dual-degree engineering programs, and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Its medical program has graduated 8,000 physicians since 1859.

Transylvania's name, meaning "across the woods" in Latin, stems from the institution's founding in the heavily forested region of western Virginia known as the Transylvania Colony, which existed between 1775 and 1776 in southern and western Kentucky.

It is the alma mater of two U.S. vice presidents, two U.S. Supreme Court justices, 50 U.S. senators, 101 U.S. representatives, 36 U.S. governors, and 34 U.S. ambassadors, making it a large producer of American statesmen.
Monk's Hermitage in a Cave
Monk's Hermitage in a Cave (French: Ermitage de moines dans une grotte) is an oil painting on panel by the Flemish painter Joos de Momper. Its date of execution is unknown. The painting was once attributed to Paul Bril. It is part of the permanent collection of the Louvre in Paris.

Paul Bril
Paul Bril (1554 – 7 October 1626) was a Flemish painter and printmaker principally known for his landscapes.  He spent most of his active career in Rome. His Italianate landscapes had a major influence on landscape painting in Italy and Northern Europe.
Schultheis (surname)
Schultheis is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Schultheis

Herman Schultheis

Jean Schultheis

Katrin Schultheis and Sandra Sprinkmeier

Michael Schultheis

Olivier Schultheis

Rob Schultheis

Olivier Schultheis
Olivier Schultheis (born 29 April 1965) is a musician, a lyricist, a composer and a conductor. He won the top prize of Conservatoire National de Musique de Paris for his absolute pitch technique.

He became the music conductor in French TV show Nouvelle Star (adaptation of American Idol) and he is now a judge in X Factor on M6 (for the second series in 2011), next to Véronic DiCaire, Henry Padovani and Christophe Willem. His father is Jean Schultheis and his brother is Julien Schultheis.
Karin Branzell
Karin Branzell (24 September 1891 – 15 December 1974) was a Swedish operatic contralto (sometimes described as a mezzo-soprano), who had a prominent career at the Metropolitan Opera, New York, and in Europe.  Her very wide range enabled her to sing both contralto roles and the occasional soprano role. She was particularly noted for her singing of the music of Richard Wagner, in roles such as Ortrud (Lohengrin), Venus (Tannhäuser), Erda (Das Rheingold and Siegfried), Brangäne (Tristan und Isolde), and Brunnhilde (Die Walküre).  She was considered on a par with Margarete Klose and Kerstin Thorborg as a Wagnerian contralto. Amneris (Aida), Dalila (Samson et Dalila), Herodias (Salome), and Clytemnestra (Elektra) were among her other renowned roles.

Salome (opera)
Salome, Op. 54, is an opera in one act by Richard Strauss. The libretto is Hedwig Lachmann's German translation of the 1891 French play Salomé by Oscar Wilde, edited by the composer. Strauss dedicated the opera to his friend Sir Edgar Speyer.

The opera is famous (at the time of its premiere, infamous) for its "Dance of the Seven Veils". The final scene is frequently heard as a concert-piece for dramatic sopranos.
Bounkhong
Prince Bounkhong was the last uparaja of Luang Phrabang. He was granted the title of Chao Ratsaphakhinay by King Chulalongkorn of Siam in 1884. From 1911 to 1920, he was a member of the Government Council of French Indochina.

Chao Maha Oupahat Bounkhong was the father of Phetsarath, Souvanna Phouma, Souphanouvong and Souvannarath.  He died at Luang Phrabang on 26 July 1920, having had 11 sons and 13 daughters by 11 wives.

Uparaja
Uparaja is a noble title reserved for the viceroy in India and the Buddhist dynasties in Burma, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand, as well as some of their minor tributary kingdoms. It is ultimately from Sanskrit उपराज upa-rāja, equivalent to sub and rex respectively in Latin.
Castle Rock (Colorado)
Castle Rock is a butte in the Colorado Piedmont region of the Great Plains. An area landmark, it is the namesake of the town of Castle Rock, Colorado.

The mesa’s caprock consists of rhyolite, rock which is strongly resistant to erosion. About 58 million years ago, a volcanic eruption took place that covered the area around Castle Rock with 20 feet (6.1 m) of rhyolite. After a few million years, mass flooding and erosion of the volcanic rock gave way to the butte-shaped mesa that almost resembles plateau.

Public hiking trails on the mesa are in Rock Park, at the intersection of Front Street and Canyon Drive in the town of Castle Rock.  The trailhead and parking are about two blocks south of the intersection on Front Street, for a 1.4-mile round-trip hike to the base of the town's namesake (climbing the rest of the way to the summit is discouraged by a sign warning that the loose rocks are a fall hazard).  Other trailheads can be found along Canyon Drive and Sunset Drive.

Butte
In geomorphology, a butte (/bjuːt/ BEWT) is an isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top; buttes are smaller landforms than mesas, plateaus, and tablelands. The word butte comes from the French word butte (French: [byt]), meaning 'knoll' (of any size); its use is prevalent in the Western United States, including the Southwest, where mesa (Spanish for 'table') is used for the larger landform.

Due to their distinctive shapes, buttes are frequently landmarks in plains and mountainous areas. To differentiate the two landforms, geographers use the rule of thumb that a mesa has a top that is wider than its height, while a butte has a top that is narrower than its height.
Panguana
9°36′49″S 74°56′08″W﻿ / ﻿9.6137°S 74.9356°W﻿ / -9.6137; -74.9356

Panguana is a biological research station, founded in 1968 and since 2011 it is also a private conservation area extending over almost 10 km2 of tropical primary forest in Peru.

Hans-Wilhelm Koepcke
Hans-Wilhelm Koepcke (13 June 1914 – 21 November 2000) was a German zoologist, ornithologist, and herpetologist. He was married to ornithologist Maria Koepcke, and was the father of mammalogist Juliane Koepcke.
Antistrophus
Antistrophus is a genus of about 10 species of gall wasps. The genus is only known from the Nearctic. Species of Antistrophus induce galls on plant species in four Asteraceae genera: Silphium, Lygodesmia, Chrysothamnus, and Microseris.

The genus was first named and described by Benjamin Walsh in 1869.

This genus includes the following species:

Antistrophus bicolor Gillette, 1891

Antistrophus chrysothamni Beutenmuller, 1908

Antistrophus jeanae Tooker and Hanks, 2004

Antistrophus laciniatus Gillette, 1891

Antistrophus lygodesmiaepisum Walsh, 1869

Antistrophus meganae Tooker and Hanks, 2004

Antistrophus minor Gillette, 1891

Antistrophus microseris McCracken and Egbert, 1922

Antistrophus rufus Gillette, 1891

Antistrophus silphii Gillette, 1891

Gall
Galls (from the Latin galla, 'oak-apple') or cecidia (from the Greek kēkidion, anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or warts in animals. They can be caused by various parasites, from viruses, fungi and bacteria, to other plants, insects and mites. Plant galls can be such highly organized structures that their cause can be determined without the actual agent being identified. This applies particularly to insect and mite plant galls. The study of plant galls is known as cecidology.
Gotham Book Prize
The Gotham Book Prize is a $50,000 prize awarded annually to a fiction or non-fiction work judged the best about or set in New York City.  The award was founded by venture capitalist Bradley Tusk and political consultant Howard Wolfson.

Howard Wolfson
Howard Wolfson (born 1967) is an American Democratic political strategist. He served as a counselor to the former mayor of New York City Michael Bloomberg, replacing Kevin Sheekey as deputy mayor of New York City for governmental affairs. He currently directs the education program at Bloomberg Philanthropies.
Agostinho Neto University
The Agostinho Neto University (Portuguese: Universidade Agostinho Neto) is the largest public university of Angola, based in Luanda and in the nearby city of Talatona, in Angola. In the academic year 2005–06, 68 licensing courses were ministered by the university: 18 in Bachelor's and 15 in master's degrees, involving areas of scientific knowledge in the faculties, institutes, and higher learning schools. It is one of seven public (state owned) universities in Angola.  Until 2009 the Agostinho Neto University was the country's only public university, and had campuses in all its major cities. In 2009 it was split up, with its campuses outside Luanda becoming six autonomous universities, located in Benguela, Cabinda, Huambo, Lubango, Malange, and Uíge. Agostinho Neto University is now one of the seven regional university among others, serving Luanda Province and Bengo Province. It remains the largest university in Angola.

Lubango
Lubango, formerly known as Sá da Bandeira, is a municipality in Angola, capital of the Huíla Province, with a population of 890,384 in 2024. The city center had a population of 600,751 in 2014 making it the second-most populous city in Angola after the capital city Luanda.
David Lighty
David Maurice Lighty Jr. (born May 27, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for ASVEL Basket of the French LNB Pro A and the EuroLeague. He played college basketball at Ohio State University. Lighty ended his college career as the all-time leader in career games played in NCAA Division I men's basketball with 157, a record that eventually fell in 2022 to Jordan Bohannon of Iowa.

LNB Élite
The LNB Élite, currently known for sponsorship reasons as Betclic Élite, is a professional basketball league in France and is the highest level of the French basketball system. The competition has existed since 1921. Since 1987, the Ligue Nationale de Basket (LNB) has governed the league.

Formerly known as the LNB Pro A, each season consists of 16 teams. The bottom two placed teams from each season are relegated to the second tier level Élite 2. The winner of the play-offs of the league are crowned the French national champions.
Vic Harris (snooker player)
Vic Harris (16 August 1945 – 10 March 2015) was an English snooker player who was born in Westcliffe-on-Sea, Essex, and turned professional in 1981. He identified Steve Davis as a future world champion at the age of 12, and was the first to spot the talent of Tony Drago when Drago won the Maltese amateur title in 1984.

Harris competed in the professional UK Championship in 1981, 1982, and 1987. He won the English Amateur Championship in 1981.

The Vic Harris Snooker League in Essex is named after him.

Harris was interviewed by the BBC during the 2013 World Snooker Championship. He said he had his right ear removed due to cancer, but continued to play regularly in Essex. Harris talked about his role in helping to develop the games of Steve Davis and Stuart Bingham.

Tony Drago
Tony Drago (/ˈdreɪɡoʊ/ DRAY-goh; born 22 September 1965) is a Maltese former professional snooker and pool player.

Known for his speed around the table, during his snooker career he won two professional titles: the 1993 Strachan Challenge Event 3 and the 1996 Guangzhou Masters. He later switched his focus to pool and won the 2003 World Pool Masters beating Hsia Hui-kai 8–6 and the 2008 Predator International 10-ball Championship beating Francisco Bustamante 13–10.
Automatic number identification
Automatic number identification (ANI) is a feature of a telecommunications network for automatically determining the origination telephone number on toll calls for billing purposes. Automatic number identification was originally created by the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) for long distance service in the Bell System, eliminating the need for telephone operators to manually record calls.

Modern ANI has two components: information digits, which identify the class of service, and the calling party billing telephone number.

The term is also used to describe the functions of two-way radio selective calling that identify the transmitting user.

ANI is distinct from newer caller ID services, such as call display, which are solely for informing a subscriber.

AT&T Corporation
AT&T Corporation, an abbreviation of its former name, the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, was an American telecommunications company that provided voice, video, data, and Internet telecommunications and professional services to businesses, consumers, and government agencies.

During the Bell System's long history, AT&T was at times the world's largest telecommunications company, the world's largest cable television operator, and a regulated monopoly. At its peak in the 1950s and 1960s, it employed one million people and its revenue ranged between US$3 billion in 1950 ($42.6 billion in present-day terms) and $12 billion in 1966 ($120 billion in present-day terms).

In 2005, AT&T was acquired by "Baby Bell" and former subsidiary SBC Communications for more than $16 billion ($25.8 billion in present-day terms). SBC then changed its name to AT&T Inc., with AT&T Corporation continuing to exist as a long-distance calling subsidiary until its dissolution on May 1, 2024.
Peter David (politician)
Charles Peter David (born 1957) is a Grenadian politician.  He is a member of the House of Representatives from the Town of Saint George's constituency, and served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from July 2008 to November 2010. He subsequently served as Minister of Tourism until he resigned from the Cabinet on April 30, 2012.

St. George's, Grenada
St. George's (Grenadian Creole French: Sen Jòj) is the capital and largest city of Grenada. The city is surrounded by a hillside of an old volcano crater and is located on a horseshoe-shaped harbour.

St. George's is a popular Caribbean tourist destination. The town has witnessed an economic boom from 2014 to 2016, and also improved its tourism and various other sectors in 2022 while preserving its history, culture, and natural environment. The parish in which St George's is located, is the home of St. George’s University School of Medicine and Maurice Bishop International Airport. The main exports are cocoa bean (cacao), nutmeg, and mace spice.

It has a moderate tropical climate that ensures the success of spice production. Nutmeg is a key crop, followed by spices such as cocoa, mace, cloves, vanilla, cinnamon and ginger.
Osobowice Cemetery
The Osobowice Cemetery (German: Friedhof Oswitz) is a large municipal cemetery in Wrocław (the capital of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship), Poland. It is located along Osobowicka 47-59 Street. It covers the area of 52 hectares (130 acres).

Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo dolnośląskie, [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ dɔlnɔˈɕlɔ̃skjɛ] ⓘ) in southwestern Poland, is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is divided. It covers an area of 19,946 square kilometres (7,701 sq mi) and as of 2019 has a total population of 2,899,986.

It is one of the wealthiest provinces in Poland, as natural resources such as copper, brown coal and rock materials are widely present.

Its capital and largest city is Wrocław, situated on the Oder River. The voivodeship is host to several spa towns, many castles and palaces, and the Giant Mountains, with several ski resorts. For this reason, tourism is a large part of this region's economy.
East Retford West (Bassetlaw electoral ward)
East Retford West is an electoral ward in the district of Bassetlaw. The ward elects two councillors to Bassetlaw District Council using the first past the post electoral system, with each councillor serving a four-year term in office. The number of registered voters in the ward is 3,740 as of 2019.

It consists of the northern part of the village of Ordsall in Retford, Thrumpton and the western part of Retford town centre.

The ward was created in 2002 following a review of electoral boundaries in Bassetlaw by the Boundary Committee for England.

Boundary Committee for England
The Boundary Committee for England was a statutory committee of the Electoral Commission, an independent body set up by the UK Parliament. The committee's aim was to conduct thorough, consultative and robust reviews of local government areas in England, and for its recommendations to be evidence-based, accurate and accepted. The Boundary Committee was abolished in 2010, with its functions assumed by a new Local Government Boundary Commission for England.

The committee's responsibilities related solely to local government boundaries: responsibility for parliamentary boundaries lies with the Boundary Commission for England, a non-departmental public body of the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government.
Chenguang
Chenguang Group is a machinery manufacturing group headquartered in Nanjing, China. Its predecessor, Jinling Machinery Manufacturing Bureau, was founded in late Qing (1865 CE) by Li Hongzhang, the Acting Viceroy of Liangjiang. The plant moved to Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC during the civil war. The remained in mainland became Ordnance General Plant in PRC. It later subordinated to CASIC. The plant renamed Chenguang Machinery Plant in 1980 and became Chenguang Group in 1996.

Its subsidiary company Aerosun was listed in Shanghai Stock Exchanges in 2001.

China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation
The China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC) is a Chinese state-owned enterprise that designs, develops and manufactures a range of spacecraft, launch vehicles, strategic and tactical missile systems, and ground equipment. CASIC is the largest maker of missiles in China.
Hard-tail
The term hard-tail has several meanings:

A hardtail guitar bridge for an electric guitar or archtop guitar incorporates hardware that anchors the strings at or behind the bridge and is fastened securely to the top of the instrument. See stoptail. It differs from a floating tailpiece (similar to a violin), a tremolo arm or vibrato tailpiece, or string-through body anchoring.

A hard-tail bicycle or motorcycle is one without rear suspension. See Bicycle suspension or Suspension (motorcycle).

Archtop guitar
An archtop guitar is a hollow acoustic or semi-acoustic guitar with a full body and a distinctive arched top, whose sound is particularly popular with jazz, blues, and rockabilly players.

Typically, an archtop guitar has:

Six strings

An arched top and back, not a flat top and back

A hollow body

A moveable adjustable bridge

F-holes similar to members of the violin family

A rear-mounted tailpiece, stoptail bridge, or Bigsby vibrato tailpiece

A set-in neck join at the 14th fret
Uhlerstown–Frenchtown Bridge
The Uhlerstown–Frenchtown Bridge is a free bridge over the Delaware River, owned and operated by the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission. The bridge connects New Jersey Route 12 in Frenchtown of Hunterdon County, New Jersey with Pennsylvania Route 32 in Uhlerstown of Bucks County, Pennsylvania. The existing bridge has a roadway width of 16.5 feet (5.0 m). A pedestrian walkway is supported on steel cantilever brackets. The bridge maintains a 15-mile-per-hour (24 km/h) speed limit.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 19, 1994 as part of the Frenchtown Historic District.

Sidewalk
A sidewalk (North American English), pavement (British English, South African English), or footpath (Irish English, Indian English, Australian English, New Zealand English) is a path along the side of a road. Usually constructed of concrete, pavers, brick, stone, or asphalt, it is designed for pedestrians. A sidewalk is normally higher than the roadway, and separated from it by a curb. There may also be a planted strip between the sidewalk and the roadway and between the roadway and the adjacent land.