hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arhopala semperi
Arhopala semperi  is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by George Thomas Bethune-Baker in 1896. It is found in the Indomalayan realm (Borneo) and as A. s. russelli Eliot, 1962 in Peninsular Malaya.

A. semperi differs from tameanga in the black margin of the wings being broader in the male, but narrower in the female, particularly on the hindwing. Beneath the postmedian marginal band of the forewing is somewhat irregular, particularly in the males in some places expanded into clouds. It is uncertain whether the females with regular though darkened bands are correctly ranged here.

The specific name honours Georg Semper.

Georg Semper
Georg Semper (August 3, 1837 in Altona, Hamburg – February 21, 1909) was a German entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera.

His Philippine Lepidoptera are in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt am Main and his Indomalaya and Australasia specimens are in Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde Dresden. His European insects are in Museum Schleswig-Holstein, Landesk and in the zoological collections of the University of Hamburg. 
He wrote "Beitrag zur Rhopalocerenfauna von Australien" in the Journal des Museum Godeffroy 14: 138-194, pls 8, 9 (1878) and Die Schmetterlinge der Philippinischen Inseln. Beitrage zur Indo-Malayischen Lepidopteren-fauna. Zweiter Band. Die Nachtfalter. Heterocera Reisen Archipel. Philipp. 2: 381-728 (1896–1902). He worked in association with Museum Godeffroy.

Otto Semper and Carl Semper were his half brothers by their father's first wife.
Dzitoghtsyan Museum of National Architecture
Officially Dzitoghtsyan House-Museum of Social Life and National Architecture (Armenian: Ձիթողցյանների քաղաքային կենցաղի և ազգային ճարատարապետության տուն-թանգարան), is a museum in the Kumayri historic district of Gyumri, Armenia. It was founded in 1984 in the Dzitoghtsyan family house, dating back to the 19th century. The museum exhibits elements of the daily urban life of Gyumri, as well as the local cultural and architectural characteristics of the city.

The famous house of Dzitoghtsyan family was built in 1872 by four brothers who migrated from the Western Armenian village of Dzitogh, to the city of Alexandropol. It is built with the famous red tuff stone of Shirak.

The house-museum, exhibits a collection of the Alexandropol social life characteristics, from the 19th century up to the 1920s. It also features the cultural, architectural and religious aspects of the city.

Shirak Province
Shirak (Armenian: Շիրակ, Armenian pronunciation: [ʃiˈɾɑk] ⓘ) is a province (marz) of Armenia. It is located in the north-west of the country, bordering the provinces of Lori to the east and Aragatsotn to the south and southeast, and the countries of Turkey to the west and Georgia to the north. Its capital and largest city is Gyumri, which is the second largest city in Armenia. It is as much semi-desert as it is mountain meadow or high alpine. In the south, the high steppes merge into mountain terrain, being verdant green in the spring, with hues of reddish brown in the summer. The province is served by the Shirak International Airport of Gyumri.
Pure 4D N = 1 supergravity
In supersymmetry, pure 4D  supergravity describes the simplest four-dimensional supergravity, with a single supercharge and a supermultiplet containing a graviton and gravitino. The action consists of the Einstein–Hilbert action and the Rarita–Schwinger action. The theory was first formulated by Daniel Z. Freedman, Peter van Nieuwenhuizen, and Sergio Ferrara, and independently by Stanley Deser and Bruno Zumino in 1976. The only consistent extension to spacetimes with a cosmological constant is to anti-de Sitter space, first formulated by Paul Townsend in 1977. When additional matter supermultiplets are included in this theory, the result is known as  matter-coupled 4D  supergravity.

Bruno Zumino
Bruno Zumino (28 April 1923 − 21 June 2014) was an Italian theoretical physicist and faculty member at the University of California, Berkeley. He obtained his DSc degree from the University of Rome in 1945.

He was renowned for his rigorous proof of the CPT theorem with Gerhart Lüders;  his pioneering systematization of effective chiral Lagrangians;  the discoveries, with Julius Wess, of the Wess–Zumino model,  the first four-dimensional supersymmetric quantum field theory with Bose–Fermi degeneracy, and initiator of the field of supersymmetric radiative restrictions;  a concise formulation of supergravity;
and for his deciphering of structured flavour-chiral anomalies, codified in the  Wess–Zumino–Witten model of conformal field theory.
Moscow University for the Humanities
Moscow University for the Humanities (Russian: Московский гуманитарный университет - МосГУ) is an accredited privately operated institution for higher education located in Moscow, Russia.  It is a member of the International Association of Universities.

The university has six faculties.  It serves more than 5,000 students at a time.

The institution traces its history back to the Central Komsomol School, created by the Soviet Union in 1944.  It became the Higher Komsomol School in 1969. In 1990, it became the "Institute of Youth", and in September 1991, shortly before the end of the Soviet Union, it became an independent private school.  In 2000, it was given the status of "academy" and renamed the Moscow Humanitarian and Social Academy.  Finally, in 2003, it became a university.

Since 1994, the head of the university has been Igor Ilinskiy, who published a history of the university in 2005.

International Association of Universities
The International Association of Universities (IAU) is a membership-led non-governmental organization working in the field of global higher education. It has more than 600 members in over 130 countries, including institutions, organizations, affiliates, and associates in higher education. The IAU was created under and is an official associate partner of the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
WWII in HD
World War II in HD is a History Channel television series that chronicles the hardships of World War II, using rare films shot in color never seen on television before. The episodes premiered on five consecutive days in mid-November 2009, with two episodes per day. The series is narrated by Gary Sinise and was produced by Lou Reda Productions in Easton, Pennsylvania.

Guadalcanal Diary (book)
Guadalcanal Diary is a memoir written by war correspondent Richard Tregaskis and originally published by Random House on January 1, 1943.  The book recounts the author's time with the United States Marine Corps on Guadalcanal in the early stages of the pivotal months-long battle there starting in 1942. It was the first book published by Random House to sell more than 100,000 copies.

Almost immediately after publication, the memoir was made into a movie of the same name featuring William Bendix, Richard Conte, Anthony Quinn, and John Archer, marking the movie debut of Richard Jaeckel.
Isseka, Western Australia
Isseka is a small town in the Mid West region of Western Australia.

Located on the North West Coastal Highway, the town is also close to the Bowes River.

The town is situated on a railway siding that was also named Isseka. The local progress association requested blocks to be released in the area in 1912. The townsite was gazetted in 1913.

The town was where the Premier of Western Australia David Brand spent part of his schooling.

Mid West (Western Australia)
The Mid West region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia.  It is a sparsely populated region extending from the west coast of Western Australia, about 200 kilometres (120 mi) north and south of its administrative centre of Geraldton and inland to 450 kilometres (280 mi) east of Wiluna in the Gibson Desert.

It has a total area of 285,497 square kilometres (110,231 sq mi), and a permanent population of about 54,000 people, more than half of those in Geraldton.
Taynuilt railway station
Taynuilt railway station is a railway station serving the village of Taynuilt in western Scotland. This station is on the Oban branch of the West Highland Line, originally part of the Callander and Oban Railway, between Falls of Cruachan and Connel Ferry, sited 58 miles 55 chains (94.4 km) from Callander via Glen Ogle. ScotRail manage the station and operate all services.

Glen Ogle
Glen Ogle (Scottish Gaelic: Gleann Ogail) extends 7 miles north westwards from Lochearnhead to Lix Toll, where it opens into Glen Dochart.

The Ogle Burn flows within the steep sides of the glen, from the Lochan Lairig Cheile at the glen's head.

The military road, which can be seen from the modern road, was built in 1749 by Major William Caulfeild. It was used by the British Army in its efforts to pacify the Highlands after the Jacobite rising of 1745.
Catellus
Catellus (Welsh: Kadell map Geraint) was a legendary king of the Britons, as recounted in Geoffrey of Monmouth's work Historia Regum Britanniae. He came to power in 269 BC.

According to Geoffrey, he was the son of King Gerennus and was succeeded by his son, Millus. In some versions of the Brut y Brenhinedd, a series of Welsh versions of Geoffrey's Historia, Catellus is succeeded by his son Coel, who is then succeeded by his own son Porrex II.

Brut y Brenhinedd
Brut y Brenhinedd ('Chronicle of the Kings') is a collection of variant Middle Welsh versions of Geoffrey of Monmouth's Latin Historia Regum Britanniae. About 60 versions survive, with the earliest dating to the mid-13th century. Adaptations of Geoffrey's Historia were extremely popular throughout Western Europe during the Middle Ages, but the Brut proved especially influential in medieval Wales, where it was largely regarded as an accurate account of the early history of the Celtic Britons.
Georgia State Route 286
State Route 286 (SR 286) is a west–east state highway located in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. It starts in the west at Whitfield County and ends in the east at Eton in Murray County.

Northwest Georgia
Northwest Georgia is a region of the state of Georgia in the United States. It includes 12 counties (listed in the section below), which at the 2010 census had a combined population of 753,032. Northwest Georgia includes some of the southernmost portions of the Appalachian Mountains, as opposed to Northeast Georgia, which holds the southernmost Blue Ridge, known locally as the North Georgia Mountains.

Bartow, Floyd, Haralson, Paulding, and Polk Counties are located on the outer northern fringe of the Atlanta metropolitan area, while the other counties are part of the Chattanooga, Tennessee metropolitan area. Much of the region is included in Georgia's 14th congressional district and is represented by Marjorie Taylor Greene.
Torul Dam
The Torul Dam is a concrete-face rock-fill dam on the Harşit River located 10 km (6 mi) northwest of Torul in Gümüşhane Province, Turkey. The development was backed by the Turkish State Hydraulic Works. Construction on the dam began in 1998 and was completed in 2007. The dam's hydroelectric power plant was commissioned in 2008. Water is diverted through a tunnel and penstock on the river's north side where it reaches the power plant located about 4 km (2 mi) downstream. It has an installed capacity of 121.5 MW.

State Hydraulic Works (Turkey)
The State Hydraulic Works (Turkish: Devlet Su İşleri) is a state agency, under the Ministry of Environment and Forestry of Turkey, responsible for the utilization of all the country's water resources. The institution's four major functions are energy, agriculture, services and environment. The General Manager of DSI is Kaya Yıldız.
Sperm heteromorphism
Sperm heteromorphism is the simultaneous production of two or more distinguishable types of sperm by a single male. The sperm types might differ in size, shape and/or chromosome complement. Sperm heteromorphism is also called sperm polymorphism or sperm dimorphism (for species with two sperm types). Typically, only one sperm type is capable of fertilizing eggs. Fertile types have been called "eusperm" or "eupyrene sperm" and infertile types "parasperm" or "apyrene sperm".

One interpretation of sperm polymorphism is the "kamikaze sperm" hypothesis (Baker and Bellis, 1988), which has been widely discredited in humans. The kamikaze sperm hypothesis states that the polymorphism of sperm is due to a subdivision of sperm into different functional groups. There are those that defend the egg from fertilization by other male sperm, and those that fertilize the egg. However, there is no evidence that the polymorphism of human sperm is for the purpose of antagonizing rival sperm.

Male
Male (symbol: ♂) is the sex of an organism that produces, or is organized to produce, the gamete (sex cell) known as sperm, which fuses with the larger female gamete, or ovum, in the process of fertilisation. A male organism cannot reproduce sexually without access to at least one ovum from a female, but some organisms can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Most male mammals, including male humans, have a Y chromosome, which codes for the production of larger amounts of testosterone to develop male reproductive organs.

In humans, the word male can also be used to refer to gender, in the social sense of gender role or gender identity.
Folwell
Folwell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arthur Folwell (1904–1966), Australian rugby player and coach

Bob Folwell (1885–1928), American football player and coach

Dale Folwell (born 1958), American politician

William H. Folwell (1924–2022), American Episcopal prelate

William Watts Folwell (1833–1929), American educator, writer, and historian

Louis Folwell Hart (1862–1929), American politician

Louis F. Hart
Louis Folwell Hart (4 January 1862 – 4 December 1929) was an American politician who served as the seventh Lieutenant Governor of Washington from 1913 to 1919 and as the ninth governor of Washington from 1919 to 1925. He was a Republican. He reorganized the state's administrative structure by reducing the number of agencies and the consequent financial economies.
Michelle Tyler
Michelle Tyler (born 8 July 1958) is a British former professional tennis player who was the last British woman to win the singles title at the French Open Girls' event in 1976.

She reached the quarterfinal of the doubles event at the 1976 Australian Open, partnering Sue Barker, in which they lost in three sets to Kathleen Harter and Wendy Turnbull.

Tyler was the runner-up at the 1977 Kent Championships singles, losing to Yvonne Vermaak.

In 1977 and 1978, she was a member of the British team in the Wightman Cup, the annual women's team tennis competition between the United States and Great Britain. In 1977, she lost her singles rubber to Rosemary Casals, and the following year, she won her singles rubber against Pam Shriver.

Yvonne Vermaak
Yvonne Vermaak (born 18 December 1956) is a former tour tennis player who represented her native South Africa.

Vermaak's best result was reaching the semi-finals of the 1983 Wimbledon Championships, defeating Virginia Wade in the quarter-finals.

In 1977 she won the All England Plate, a competition for players who were defeated in the first three rounds of the Wimbledon singles competition. In the final she defeated Sue Mappin in straight sets.

Late in her playing career, Vermaak became an American citizen.

Vermaak played USTA Master's tennis. Representing Illinois, she was the 1992 Singles Champion of the USTA National Women's Indoor Championships in Homewood for 35s. In 1993, Yvonne Vermaak was the 25s Singles Champion, and again she was the 25s Singles Champion in 1994. In 1995, Vermaak moved to doubles, winning the 25s and 35s doubles with Ann Kiyomura-Hayashi of California. The 1995 Championships was Vermaak's last USTA Championships win.
Mulline, Western Australia
Mulline is an abandoned town located in the Goldfields-Esperance region in Western Australia. It is found between Kalgoorlie and Leonora in the Shire of Menzies.

Gold was discovered in the area in the 1890s and following a gold rush to the area the number of miners in the area resulted in the townsite being gazetted in 1897. The name of town is derived from Mulline Rock, a feature located just outside town. The name of the town was recorded by the surveyor Brazier in 194 and is Aboriginal in origin, although the meaning of it is unknown.

The main mine in the town was the Lady Gladys, which operated between 1896 and 1911. Another mine that was operating in the area around the same time was the Off Chance mine. A state battery was constructed in the area in 1899. Land was set aside for a police station, but never built on. Two hotels existed in the town by 1910.

Leonora, Western Australia
Leonora is a town in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia, located 833 kilometres (518 mi) northeast of the state capital, Perth, and 237 kilometres (147 mi) north of the city of Kalgoorlie.
Clow (surname)
Clow is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cheney Clow (1734–1788), American loyalist

Herbert Clow (1899–1977), American football player

James Clow (1790–1861), minister

Andrew Clow (1890–1957), British colonial governor

Lee Clow (born 1943), American advertising executive

Ross Clow, New Zealand politician

Cheney Clow
Cheney Clow (1734–September 15, 1783) was a loyalist from Delaware Colony during the American Revolution who staged a rebellion against the colonial government that was advocating separation from Great Britain.
Brassil
Brassil is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Joan Brassil (1919–2005), Australian artist

John Brassil (born 1963), Irish politician

Niall Brassil (born 1999), Irish hurler

Brassil is also the former name of the modern country of Brazil.

Niall Brassil
Niall Brassil (born 25 March 1999) is an Irish hurler who plays for Kilkenny Senior Championship club James Stephens and at inter-county level with the Kilkenny senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a left corner-forward.
1979 Prince Edward Island general election
The 1979 Prince Edward Island general election was held on April 23, 1979.

The election was held just one year after the 1978 election, which featured a 17–15 split in MLAs in the legislature. Following the resignation of former premier Alex Campbell from his seat, the legislature was in a 15–15 tie in voting members (the Liberal Speaker, Russell Perry, could not cast active votes in his role), the new Premier Bennett Campbell decided to call an election in an effort to regain his lost majority. The gambit failed, and instead the Progressive Conservatives led by Angus MacLean formed a strong majority government.

The campaign was the first to feature a female party leader running in PEI, with Doreen Sark serving as interim leader of the NDP. The campaign was also the only one in which the "Draft Beer Party of PEI" ran, with one candidate in 5th Queens.

Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island
The Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island (French: Assemblée législative de l'Île-du-Prince-Édouard) together with the lieutenant governor of Prince Edward Island form the General Assembly of Prince Edward Island. The Legislative Assembly meets at Province House, which is at the intersection of Richmond and Great George Streets in Charlottetown. Bills passed by the Assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.
Paul Flynn (Gaelic footballer)
Paul Flynn (born 8 July 1986) is a Gaelic footballer who plays for Fingallians and, formerly, for the Dublin county team. He is from Swords, County Dublin. He has received four All Star Awards in 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and represented Ireland in the Compromise Rules games in Croke Park and Cavan in 2013. He roomed with fellow DCU team-mates, Michael Murphy and Aidan Walsh. Paul Flynn was the Dublin player to receive four consecutive All Stars in the qualifier era of second chances.

2011 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
The 2011 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 125th edition of the GAA's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament, played between 31 counties of Ireland (excluding Kilkenny who only take part in the hurling championship), London and New York. The draw for the 2011 championship took place on 7 October 2010. The 2011 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final took place at Croke Park on 18 September 2011, with Dublin winning their 23rd title.

Dublin and Donegal's All-Ireland semi-final in the 2011 championship was the lowest scoring in the era of 70-minute games (1975 onwards).
German adverbial phrases
German adverbial phrases add information to German verbs. An adverb is a word that modifies the meaning of a verb, and an adverbial phrase is a combination of words that perform the same function. The German language includes several different kinds of adverbial phrases.

German, for example, uses adverbial phrases to indicate "change of orientation", such as "nach rechts, nach links, schräg, scharf (‘to the right’, ‘to the left’, ‘diagonally’, ‘sharply’)".

Adverb
An adverb is a word or an expression that generally modifies a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a determiner, a clause, a preposition, or a sentence. Adverbs typically express manner, place, time, frequency, degree, or level of certainty by answering questions such as how, in what way, when, where, to what extent. This is called the adverbial function and may be performed by an individual adverb, by an adverbial phrase, or by an adverbial clause.

Adverbs are traditionally regarded as one of the parts of speech. Modern linguists note that the term adverb has come to be used as a kind of "catch-all" category, used to classify words with various types of syntactic behavior, not necessarily having much in common except that they do not fit into any of the other available categories (noun, adjective, preposition, etc.).
Manitoba Highway 29
Provincial Trunk Highway 29 (PTH 29) was a short provincial highway in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The highway was an at-grade expressway with a length of 0.5 kilometres (0.31 miles) and located within the former Town of Emerson. It served as a connecting route between PTH 75 and Interstate 29 (I-29) at the Pembina–Emerson Border Crossing on the United States border.

Special route
In road transportation in the United States, a special route is a road in a numbered highway system that diverts a specific segment of related traffic away from another road. They are featured in many highway systems; most are found in the Interstate Highway System, U.S. highway system, and several state highway systems. Each type of special route possesses generally defined characteristics and has a defined relationship with its parent route. Typically, special routes share a route number with a dominant route, often referred as the "parent" or "mainline", and are given either a descriptor which may be used either before or after the route name, such as Alternate or Business, or a letter suffix that is attached to the route number. For example, an alternate route of U.S. Route 1 may be called "Alternate U.S. Route 1", "U.S. Route 1 Alternate", or "U.S. Route 1A". Occasionally, a special route will have both a descriptor and a suffix, such as U.S. Route 1A Business.