hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jill de Villiers
Jill G. de Villiers (born 1948) is a developmental psychologist known for her work in the field of language acquisition. She is the Sophia and Austin Smith Professor Emerita of Psychology and Philosophy at Smith College. de Villiers is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association. In 2018, she was elected as a Member of American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

de Villiers and her colleagues have developed critical tools for language assessment including the Quick Interactive Language Screener (QUILS), which is a computerized preschool language assessment, and the Diagnostic Evaluation of Language Variation (DELV), which aims to provide assessment for speakers of English dialects such as African-American English.

African-American English
African-American English (AAE) is the group of English dialects spoken predominantly by Black people in the United States and, less often, in Canada. Most commonly, African-American English is an umbrella term that refers to a dialect continuum ranging from African-American Vernacular English to more standard American English. Like all widely spoken language varieties, African-American English shows variation stylistically, generationally, geographically (that is, features specific to singular cities or regions only), in rural versus urban characteristics, in vernacular versus standard registers, etc. There has been a significant body of African-American literature and oral tradition for centuries.
Martie Cordaro
Martie Cordaro is an American baseball and soccer executive who is the team president of the Omaha Storm Chasers, the Triple-A affiliate of Major League Baseball’s Kansas City Royals, and USL League One professional soccer team Union Omaha.

Union Omaha
Union Omaha Soccer Club is an American professional soccer team based in Omaha, Nebraska, United States. Nicknamed the Owls, the team made its debut in USL League One (USL1) in 2020. In the clubs first five seasons, the Owls finished in first place in the league three times and defeated two MLS sides during the 2022 U.S. Open Cup. Along with those achievements, Union Omaha won the league championship in just the second season of the club's existence and again in 2024.
Universal homeomorphism
In algebraic geometry, a universal homeomorphism is a morphism of schemes  such that, for each morphism , the base change  is a homeomorphism of topological spaces.

A morphism of schemes is a universal homeomorphism if and only if it is integral, radicial and surjective. In particular, a morphism of locally of finite type is a universal homeomorphism if and only if it is finite,  radicial and surjective.

For example, an absolute Frobenius morphism is a universal homeomorphism.

Finite morphism
In algebraic geometry, a finite morphism between two affine varieties  is a dense regular map which induces isomorphic inclusion  between their coordinate rings, such that  is integral over . This definition can be extended to the quasi-projective varieties, such that a regular map  between quasiprojective varieties is finite if any point  has an affine neighbourhood V such that  is affine and  is a finite map (in view of the previous definition, because it is between affine varieties).
2020 Ain municipal elections
The 2020 Ain municipal elections took place on 15 March 2020, with a second round of voting initially expected for 22 March 2020. Like the rest of France, the second round was initially suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On 22 May, Prime Minister Édouard Philippe announced that the second round of voting would take place on the 28th of June.

Haut-Bugey Agglomération
Haut-Bugey Agglomération is a communauté d'agglomération  situated in the Ain department and the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France. Created on 1 January 2014, it is composed of 42 communes and seated in Oyonnax. Its area is 688.8 km2. Its population was 63,099 in 2018, of which 22,336 in Oyonnax proper. Originally a communauté de communes, the intercommunality became a communauté d'agglomération on 1 January 2018.
La Ferrière-Harang
La Ferrière-Harang (French pronunciation: [la fɛʁjɛʁ aʁɑ̃] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Souleuvre-en-Bocage.

Calvados (department)
Calvados (UK: /ˈkælvədɒs/, US: /-doʊs, ˌkælvəˈdoʊs, ˌkɑːlvəˈ-/; French: [kalvados] ⓘ) is a department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. It takes its name from a cluster of rocks off the Normandy coast. In 2019, it had a population of 694,905.
New Zealand Society of Physiotherapists
The New Zealand Society of Physiotherapists (NZSP) is a professional body of physiotherapists in New Zealand. Membership of the society is optional, but demonstrates that a particular practitioner upholds certain standards including adherence to a code of conduct. Individuals who meet certain criteria may indicate their membership by using the letters MNZSP or FNZSP after their names.

Professional association
A professional association (also called  a professional body, professional organization, or professional society) is a group that usually seeks to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals and organisations engaged in that profession, and the public interest. In the United States, such an association is typically a nonprofit business league for tax purposes. In the UK, they may take a variety of legal forms.
Ryonggang station
Ryonggang station is a railway station in Ryonggang-ŭp, Ryonggang county, South P'yŏngan province, North Korea. It is the junction of the P'yŏngnam and Ryonggang lines of the Korean State Railway.

Originally called Chinjidong station and later renamed Ryonggang station, it was opened by the Chosen Government Railway, along with the rest of the mainline of the P'yŏngnam Line, on 16 October 1910.

South Pyongan Province
South Pyongan Province (Korean: 평안남도; MR: Phyŏngannamdo; IPA: [pʰjʌŋanːamdo]) is a province of North Korea. The province was formed in 1896 from the southern half of the former Pyongan Province, remained a province of Korea until 1945, then became a province of North Korea. Its capital is Pyongsong.
Enkitta Modhaade
Enkitta Modhaade  is a 2018-2019 Tamil reality game show that aired on Vijay TV and digitally streams on Disney+ Hotstar. The show features Vijay TV's soap opera families in which the actors will compete in a number of entertainment based challenges. The show has currently entered the second season. The first season aired from 21 April 2018 to 14 July 2018. The first episode of the second season aired on 19 May 2019. The show is hosted by  Dhivyadharshini.

Star Vijay
Star Vijay is an Indian Tamil language general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Viacom18 and Disney India. The channel telecasts programmes such as serials, reality shows & Tamil films.
Iranian Complainant Mothers
Iranian complainant mothers (Persian: مادران دادخواه) or Iranian Mothers for Justice are mothers whose children were killed by the agents of the Islamic Republic in various protests in Iran. These women are the mothers of people who were killed during the 2017–2018 Iranian protests, the 2019–2020 Iranian protests, the 2021–2022 Iranian protests and the downing of Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 by the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Air Defense.

Also, the mothers of those killed in the 1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners, who are also known as Mothers of Khavaran, and the mothers of those killed during the 2009 Iranian presidential election protests, known as Mothers of Laleh Park and other mothers of those killed during the rule of the Islamic Republic in Iran can be called Iranian mothers for justice.

Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Aerospace Force
The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Aerospace Force, officially known as the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Air and Space Force (IRGCASF; Persian: نیروی هوافضای سپاه پاسداران انقلاب اسلامی, romanized: niru-ye havâfazây-e sepâh-e pâsdârân-e enghelâb-e eslâmi, acronymed in Persian as NEHSA), is the strategic missile, air, and space force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). It was renamed from the IRGC Air Force to the IRGC Aerospace Force in 2009.

The force's commander, Amir Ali Hajizadeh, was killed along with 20 other senior officers during the series of Israeli strikes launched on 13 June 2025. The role was vacant for a day before being filled by Majid Mousavi.
James Tanimola Ayorinde
James Tanimola Ayorinde,listenⓘ more well known as J.T. Ayorinde, was born in 1907 and died in the 1970s. He was the first Nigerian General Secretary (and chief executive officer) of the Nigerian Baptist Convention, in the 1960s. Ayorinde served as General Secretary from 1962 until his retirement in the 1970s.

Based on the customs of Yoruba, "it was revealed to the Ifa priest who performed a divination at the naming ceremony that he would be an Ifa priest." His name, Tanimola, means, "Who knows honor?"

Rev. Dr. Ayorinde was married to Mobola Ayorinde, who was President of the Women's Missionary Union of the Nigerian Baptist Convention.

Ayorinde was a national delegate of Nigeria, along with his fellow Baptist clergyman, Solomon Adeniyi Babalola, to the 1974 International Congress on World Evangelization, Lausanne, Switzerland.

First International Congress on World Evangelization
The First International Congress on World Evangelization (ICOWE), also sometimes called the Lausanne Congress or Lausanne '74, was a Christian conference held from 16 to 25 July 1974 in Switzerland.

The conference is noted for producing the Lausanne Covenant, one of the major documents of modern evangelical Christianity. The drafting committee of the covenant was headed by John Stott of England.

The movement claims to follow in the footsteps of the 1910 World Missionary Conference.
Bruno Valentini
Bruno Valentini (born 29 May 1955 in Colle di Val d'Elsa) is an Italian politician.

Valentini started his political career in Siena and then as a municipal councillor in Monteriggioni, Tuscany, in 1995. He served as Mayor of Monteriggioni from 2004 to 2013. He has been a member of the Democratic Party since 2007.

Valentini was elected Mayor of Siena on 11 June 2013. He ran for a second term at the 2018 Italian local elections, but was defeated by the centre-right candidate Luigi De Mossi.

Monteriggioni
Monteriggioni is a comune in the province of Siena in the Italian region of Tuscany. It borders on the communes of Casole d'Elsa, Castellina in Chianti, Castelnuovo Berardenga, Colle di Val d'Elsa, Poggibonsi, Siena, and Sovicille.  The town is architecturally and culturally significant; it hosts several piazzas, and is referenced in Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy.
Gigabit wireless
Gigabit wireless is the name given to wireless communication systems whose data transfer speeds reach or exceed one gigabit (one billion bits) per second. Such speeds are achieved with complex modulations of the signal, such as quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) or signals spanning many frequencies. When a signal spans many frequencies, physicists refer that a wide bandwidth signal. In the communication industry, many wireless internet service providers and cell phone companies deploy wireless radio frequency antennas to backhaul core networks, connect businesses, and even individual residential homes.

Bit rate
In telecommunications and computing, bit rate (bitrate or as a variable R) is the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time.

The bit rate is expressed in the unit bit per second (symbol: bit/s), often in conjunction with an SI prefix such as kilo (1 kbit/s = 1,000 bit/s), mega (1 Mbit/s = 1,000 kbit/s), giga (1 Gbit/s = 1,000 Mbit/s) or tera (1 Tbit/s = 1,000 Gbit/s). The non-standard abbreviation bps is often used to replace the standard symbol bit/s, so that, for example, 1 Mbps is used to mean one million bits per second.

In most computing and digital communication environments, one byte per second (symbol: B/s) corresponds to 8 bit/s (1 byte = 8 bits).  However if stop bits, start bits, and parity bits need to be factored in, a higher number of bits per second will be required to achieve a throughput of the same number of bytes.
Savu Viliame
Savu Mataika Viliame (born 1906 at Lau Islands, Fiji; died 1986 at Ono-i-Lau, Fiji) was a Fijian cricketer.

Viliame made his first-class debut for Fiji in 1948 against Auckland during Fiji's 1947/48 tour of New Zealand, where he played two first-class matches during the tour against Wellington and Auckland.

In his 3 first-class matches for Fiji he scored 50 runs at a batting average of 16.66, with a high score of 14*. With the ball he took 11 wickets at a bowling average of 19.27, with a single five wicket haul against Wellington in where he took 6/34 in Weelington's first innings.

Viliame also represented Fiji in 3 non first-class matches for Fiji on their 1947/48 tour.

Viliame died in 1986 at Ono-i-Lau, Fiji.

Lau Islands
The Lau Islands (also called the Lau Group, the Eastern Group, the Eastern Archipelago) of Fiji are situated in the southern Pacific Ocean, just east of the Koro Sea. Of this chain of about sixty islands and islets, about thirty are inhabited.  The Lau Group covers a land area of 188 square miles (487 square km), and had a population of 10,683 at the most recent census in 2007.  While most of the northern Lau Group are high islands of volcanic origin, those of the south are mostly carbonate low islands.

Administratively the islands belong to Lau Province.
Humphrey Maris
Humphrey John Maris (April 25, 1939 – July 28, 2025) was a physicist and a professor at Brown University from 1965 to 2014. He specialized in research on low-temperature physics and ultrafast ultrasonics.

He attended Imperial College London receiving a B.Sc. degree in 1960 and a Ph.D. in 1963. He was a postdoctoral fellow at Case Institute of Technology from 1963 to 1965. In 1965 he became a professor at Brown. In 1991 he was made the George Chase Professor of Natural Science. He led experiments into the nature of the quantum state of the electron. His patent on a method of nondestructive evaluation of semiconductors is widely used. He retired in 2014. He died of complications of Parkinson's Disease in 2025.

Quantum state
In quantum physics, a quantum state is a mathematical entity that represents a physical system. Quantum mechanics specifies the construction, evolution, and measurement of a quantum state. Knowledge of the quantum state, and the rules for the system's evolution in time, exhausts all that can be known about a quantum system.

Quantum states are either pure or mixed, and have several possible representations. Pure quantum states are commonly represented as a vector in a Hilbert space. Mixed states are statistical mixtures of pure states and cannot be represented as vectors on that Hilbert space, and instead are commonly represented as density matrices.

Common examples of quantum states are the wave functions describing position and momentum, finite-dimensional vectors describing spin such as the singlet, and states describing many-body quantum systems in a Fock space.
Liphardus
Saint Liphardus (or Lifard, Lifardo, Lifardus, Lifart, Lifhard, Lifhart, Liphard, Liphart, Lyphard) was a 6th-century lawyer, hermit and abbot in Meung-sur-Loire near Orléans, France.
His feast day is 3 June.

St Augustine's Abbey, Ramsgate
St Augustine's Abbey or Ramsgate Abbey is a former Benedictine abbey in Ramsgate. It  was built in 1860 by Augustus Pugin and is a Grade II listed building. It was the first Benedictine monastery to be built in England since the Reformation. In 2010, the monks moved to St Augustine's Abbey in Chilworth, Surrey. The site is now owned by the Vincentian Congregation from Kerala, India. The church of St Augustine, across the road from the abbey site, belongs to the Archdiocese of Southwark and is a shrine of St Augustine of Canterbury.
Nancy M. Stuart
Dr. Nancy M. Stuart is an American portrait photographer, as well as a photography educator and administrator. She is the dean of the University of Hartford's art school. From 1975 through 1984, Stuart was a founding faculty member of Lansing Community College's Photo Technology Program. She has served as provost at the Cleveland Institute of Art, and was an associate dean at Rochester Institute of Technology. Her work, DES Stories: Faces and Voices of People Exposed to Diethylstilbestrol was published (2001) and exhibited in the United States. She received the John Kobal prize at the National Portrait Gallery, London for the DES Stories project.

Lansing Community College
Lansing Community College is a public community college with its main campus in Lansing, Michigan. Founded in 1957, the college's main campus is located on an urban, 42-acre (0.17 km2) site in downtown Lansing spanning seven city blocks approximately two blocks from the state capitol. A West Campus opened in 2004 in Delta Township, southwest of Lansing.  There is also an East Campus located in the Eyde Plaza in East Lansing. The school is the third largest community college in Michigan by enrollment, with a fall 2013 enrollment of 18,551, a decrease from 20,394 in 2008.
The Bottle Imp (Grimm)
"The Bottle Imp" is the 7th episode of the supernatural drama television series Grimm of season 2 and the 29th overall, which premiered on October 12, 2012, on NBC. The episode was written by Alan DiFiore, and was directed by Darnell Martin.

Alan Di Fiore
Alan Di Fiore (sometimes Alan DiFiore) is a Canadian screenwriter and producer of film and television, best known for his work on Grimm and the thriller film  Money Monster, starring George Clooney, Julia Roberts and Jack O'Connell.
Linaria bipartita
Linaria bipartita is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family known by the common name clovenlip toadflax. It is native to Morocco, but it can be found elsewhere as an introduced species and it is cultivated as an ornamental plant. It is an annual herb growing 10 to 30 centimeters tall with linear leaves 3 to 5 centimeters in length. The inflorescence is a raceme of flowers occupying the top of the stem. The flower is about 2 centimeters long with five lobes arranged into two lips with a spur at the end. The flower is often reddish purple in color, but flowers of many different colors are bred for the garden. The fruit is a spherical capsule about 2 millimeters wide.

Plantaginaceae
Plantaginaceae, the plantain family or veronica family, is a large, diverse family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales that includes common flowers such as snapdragon and foxglove. It is unrelated to the banana-like fruit also called "plantain". In older classifications, Plantaginaceae was the only family of the order Plantaginales, but numerous phylogenetic studies, summarized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, have demonstrated that this taxon should be included within Lamiales.
Psalms of Extinction
Psalms of Extinction is the fifth studio album by the Swedish industrial metal project Pain, released on 16 April 2007 in Europe's Nordic territories and 7 May 2007 in the rest of Europe. The first Pain album since their debut to lack a charting single, it hit No. 21 on the Swedish charts but dropped off after only two weeks. "Zombie Slam" is the first song from the album to receive a video. The track "Play Dead" is a Björk cover.

Musicians featured on the album include Mikkey Dee (Motörhead, ex-Don Dokken, King Diamond) on "Zombie Slam" recording drums, Children of Bodom frontman Alexi Laiho on "Just Think Again" (guitar solo), and Peter Iwers of In Flames on the first two songs (bass guitar).

King Diamond
Kim Bendix Petersen (born 14 June 1956), better known by his stage name King Diamond, is a Danish rock musician. As a vocalist, he is known for his powerful and wide-ranging countertenor singing voice, in particular his far-reaching falsetto screams. He is the lead vocalist and lyricist for both Mercyful Fate and the eponymous King Diamond. He also plays keyboards and guitars on studio recordings but uses live shows to focus solely on his vocal performance. Diamond is renowned for his dark lyrical content and his story concepts. He is also known for his distinctive shock stage persona (in particular his black and white facepaint). He has been an influence for other rock and metal artists, including Metallica, Slayer and Cradle of Filth.
Church of St Giles, Goodrich
St Giles' Church, Goodrich, Herefordshire, England is an Anglican parish church in the Diocese of Hereford. The church dates from the 13th century, although almost all of the current building is of the 14th century, or from the 19th century restoration. It is an active parish church and a Grade II* listed building.

Diocese of Hereford
The Diocese of Hereford is a Church of England diocese based in Hereford, covering Herefordshire, southern Shropshire and a few parishes within Worcestershire in England, and a few parishes within Powys and Monmouthshire in Wales. The cathedral is Hereford Cathedral and the bishop is the Bishop of Hereford. The diocese is one of the oldest in England (created in 676 and based on the minor sub-kingdom of the Magonsæte) and is part of the Province of Canterbury.
Skyshow
Skyshow was an annual fireworks event held in Adelaide, South Australia, from 1985 to 2006. The half-hour fireworks display was synchronised to rock and pop music and presented by local commercial radio station SAFM. Originating as an Australia Day celebration, the event was subsequently moved to late summer, usually February.

Sister events were also held at Albert Park Lake in Melbourne, Australia and sponsored by Fox FM (Melbourne) and on Sydney Harbour by 2Day FM.

Although, faced with serious financial difficulties in the late 1990s until rescued by the South Australian Government, it is estimated some 150,000 people attended the main festivities in Bonython Park, while many more watch from vantage points along the Adelaide Hills. The event ceased in 2006 after failing to secure funding for 2007.

After a large public campaign on social networking site Facebook for the event to return, the Skyshow returned on 13 March 2010 as part of the annual Adelaide 500 event.

Adelaide Hills
The Adelaide Hills region is located in the southern Mount Lofty Ranges east of the city of Adelaide in the state of South Australia. The largest town in the area, Mount Barker, is one of Australia's fastest-growing towns. Before British colonisation of South Australia, the area was inhabited by the Peramangk people.

The Adelaide Hills wine region comprises areas of the Adelaide Hills above 300 m (980 ft).
North York River (Ontario)
The North York River is a river in the municipality of Dysart et al, Haliburton County in Central Ontario, Canada. It is in the southern extension of Algonquin Provincial Park, is in the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin, and is a left tributary of the York River.

The river originates at Little Branch Lake in geographic Clyde Township. It flows southeast, south and west to Billings Lake in geographic Bruton Township. The river then heads south and reaches the York River just upstream of Branch Lake. The York River flows via the Madawaska River and Ottawa River to the Saint Lawrence River.

Madawaska River (Ontario)
The Madawaska River is the largest tributary of the Ottawa River in the St. Lawrence River drainage basin in Ontario, Canada. The river is 230 km (143 mi) long and drains an area of 8,470 km2 (3,270 sq mi). Its name comes from an Algonquian band of the region known as "Matouweskarini", meaning "people of the shallows".