hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Swierkiewicz v. Sorema N. A.
Swierkiewicz v. Sorema N. A., 534 U.S. 506 (2002), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States on February 26, 2002. The Court held that for complaints in employment discrimination cases, a plaintiff is not required to allege specific facts that establish a prima facie case as required by the McDonnell Douglas burden-shifting framework.

Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA; 29 U.S.C. § 621 to 29 U.S.C. § 634) is a United States labor law that forbids employment discrimination against anyone, at least 40 years of age (see 29 U.S.C. § 631). The ADEA prevents age discrimination and provides equal employment opportunity under the conditions that were not explicitly covered in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The act also applies to the standards for pensions and benefits provided by employers, and requires that information concerning the needs of older workers be provided to the general public.
Azzam al-Gharib
Azzam al-Gharib is a Syrian politician and former military commander. He was appointed Governor of Aleppo Governorate on 21 December 2024 by Syria's transitional leadership, following the fall of the Assad regime.

Aleppo Governorate
Aleppo Governorate (Arabic: محافظة حلب, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Ḥalab, [muˈħaːfaðˤat ˈħalab]; Kurmanji Kurdish: Parêzgeha Helebê) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is the most populous governorate in Syria with a population of more than 4,867,000 (2011 Est.), almost 23% of the total population of Syria. The governorate is the fifth in area with an area of 18,482 km2 (7,136 sq mi), or 18,498 square kilometres (7,142 sq mi)2, about 10% of the total area of Syria. The capital is the city of Aleppo.
Zarsanga
Zarsanga PP (Pashto: زرڅانگه; born 1946) is a Pakistani singer from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, primarily associated with Pashto folk music. She began her singing career singing for Radio Pakistan in Peshawar and some television programmes, and later went on to perform in Europe, the United States and the UAE. Her extensive career as a singer and performer has earned her the sobriquet "The Queen of Pashtun Folklore" and the Presidential Pride of Performance Award by the Government of Pakistan.

Lakki Marwat
Lakki Marwat or Lakki (Urdu and Pashto: لکی مروت) is the headquarters of Lakki Marwat District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Lakki Marwat has become one of the fastest growing cities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Lakki Marwat is also the 20th most populous city in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Kaboom (film)
Kaboom is a 2010 science fiction sex comedy mystery film written and directed by Gregg Araki and starring Thomas Dekker, Juno Temple, Haley Bennett, and James Duval. The film centers on the sexual adventures of a group of college students and their investigation of a bizarre cult.

Kaboom premiered at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival, where it was awarded the first-ever Queer Palm for its contribution to lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender issues. The film was released theatrically in France on October 6, 2010, by Wild Bunch Distribution. In the United States, it was released by IFC Films on video on demand as part of Sundance Selects on January 22, 2011, and in select theaters on January 28.

Independent Film Company
Independent Film Company (IFC) is an American film production and distribution company owned by AMC Networks and based in New York. It was formed as an offshoot of AMC's TV network, IFC (then known as the Independent Film Channel), and was originally named IFC Films.

It mainly distributes independent features under its own name, select foreign films and documentaries under its Sundance Selects label, and co-distributes genre films with Shudder. It operates the IFC Center.
Jonathan Pérez (footballer, born 2003)
Jonathan Alexánder Pérez Lara (born January 18, 2003) is a professional footballer who plays as a winger for Liga MX club Guadalajara. Born in the United States, he plays for the Mexico national under-23 team.

Mexico national under-23 football team
The Mexico national under-23 football team (also known as Mexico Olympic football team) represents Mexico in under-23 international football competitions such as the Olympic Games and Pan American Games. The selection is limited to players under the age of 23, except for the Olympic Games which allows the men's team up to three overage players. The team is controlled by the Mexican Football Federation (FMF), the governing body of football in Mexico.

Since 1992, the under-23 team has participated in six Olympic tournaments, winning the gold medal in 2012.
Laura Lee
Laura Lee can refer to:

Laura Lee (Dame), CEO of British Maggies's cancer drop-in centres

Laura Lee (singer-songwriter) (born 1945), American soul and gospel singer-songwriter

Laura Lee (sex worker) (1973–2018), Irish-born sex worker and activist based in the UK

Laura Lee (bassist) (born 1986), Mexican-American bassist and singer-songwriter (Khruangbin)

Laura Lee (YouTuber) (born 1988), American make-up artist, YouTuber, beauty blogger, and beauty influencer

Laura Lee (YouTuber)
Laura Ann Lee (born September 1, 1988) is an American make-up artist, YouTuber, entrepreneur, and blogger.

She began her career as a make-up blogger in 2013 and is the founder and owner of cosmetics brand Laura Lee Los Angeles and the fashion brand Minimla.
Metro station
A metro station or subway station is a train station for a rapid transit system, which as a whole is usually called a "metro" or "subway". A station provides a means for passengers to purchase tickets, board trains, and evacuate the system in the case of an emergency. In the United Kingdom, they are known as underground stations, most commonly used in reference to the London Underground.

Elevated railway
An elevated railway or elevated train (also known as an el train or el for short) is a railway with the tracks above street level on a viaduct or other elevated structure (usually constructed from steel, cast iron, concrete, or bricks). The railway may be a broad-gauge, standard-gauge or narrow-gauge railway, rapid transit, light rail, monorail, or a suspension railway. Elevated railways are normally found in urban areas that would otherwise require impracticably many level crossings. Usually, the tracks of elevated railways that run on steel viaducts can be seen from street level.
FOOD (New York City restaurant)
FOOD was an artist-run restaurant in SoHo, Manhattan, New York. FOOD was founded by artists Carol Goodden, Tina Girouard and Gordon Matta-Clark. FOOD was considered one of the first important restaurants in SoHo. Other individuals who were involved with FOOD included Suzanne Harris and Rachel Lew. FOOD was a place where artists in SoHo, especially those who were later involved in Avalanche magazine and the Anarchitecture group, could meet and enjoy food together. FOOD was considered to be both a business and an artistic "intervention in an urban setting." It has also been called a "landmark that still resonates in the history and mythology of SoHo in the 1970s."

Anarchist architecture
Anarchist architecture, also known as anarchitecture, is a term used to describe architecture with anarchist intentions, or architecture by people who unconsciously follow anarchist principles such as decentralization and self-organization. According to anarchist theorists, anarchitecture should be done for the needs of individuals or small communities instead of power structures, such as capitalism or the state, like conventional architecture. Examples include housing projects and conceptual art by anarchist architects, self-built houses in informal settlements and squatted buildings modified by the inhabitants.
Kim Jorgensen
Kim M. Jorgensen is an American film director and the owner of distributor Landmark Films. Jorgensen was born in Copenhagen, Denmark.

He founded Landmark Theaters, the largest art house movie theater chain in the United States, and was its president until 1989 when he sold the company. Todd Wagner and Mark Cuban currently own the chain through their company 2929 Entertainment.

Jorgensen directed and wrote Emilio (2008). He has produced and packaged other films: The Kentucky Fried Movie (1977), Airplane! (1980), Bad Manners (aka: Growing Pains) (1984), Out of Africa (1985), and Mortuary Academy (1988), and has developed film projects with directors such as Orson Welles, David Lynch, Paul Verhoeven, Carlos Diegues, Hector Babenco, King Hu, David Lean, and Franco Zeffirelli.

Out of Africa (film)
Out of Africa is a 1985 American epic romantic drama film directed and produced by Sydney Pollack, and starring Meryl Streep and Robert Redford. The film is based loosely on the 1937 autobiographical book Out of Africa written by Isak Dinesen (the pseudonym of Danish author Karen Blixen), with additional material from Dinesen's 1960 book Shadows on the Grass and other sources.

The book was adapted into a screenplay by Kurt Luedtke, and this screenplay was filmed in 1984. Streep played Karen Blixen, Redford played Denys Finch Hatton, and Klaus Maria Brandauer played Baron Bror Blixen. Others in the film include Michael Kitchen as Berkeley Cole, Malick Bowens as Farah, Stephen Kinyanjui as the Chief, Michael Gough as Lord Delamere, Suzanna Hamilton as Felicity, and the model and actress Iman as Mariammo. The film received generally positive reviews from critics. It was also a commercial success and won seven Academy Awards including Best Picture and Best Director for Pollack.
Leon Trotsky bibliography
The following is a chronological list of books by Leon Trotsky, a Marxist theoretician, including hardcover and paperback books and pamphlets published during his life and posthumously during the years immediately following his assassination in the northern summer of 1940. Included are the original Russian or German language titles and publication information, as well as the name and publication information of the first English language edition.

In the course of his life, Trotsky wrote about 30,000 documents, most of which are contained in various archives. According to his biographer Isaac Deutscher stated that Trotsky wrote most of the Soviet's manifestos and resolutions, edited its Izvestia newspaper.

This material represents a small fraction of the myriad of articles published by Trotsky during his life and afterwards, with the complete 1989 bibliography by Louis Sinclair running to nearly 1,100 printed pages.

Maxim Lieber was Trotsky's literary agent at the end of his life.

Saint Petersburg Soviet
The Petersburg Soviet of Workers' Delegates (Russian: Петербургский совет рабочих депутатов, romanized: Peterburgskiy sovet rabochikh deputatov; later the Petersburg Soviet of Workers' Deputies) was a workers' council, or soviet, in Saint Petersburg in 1905.
J. W. Hinton
J. W. "Grassy" Hinton (June 30, 1907 – December 10, 1944) was an American professional football player who played quarterback for one season for the Staten Island Stapletons. Prior to his professional career, Hinton played college football at Texas Christian University. In 1930, he scored a touchdown inside Amon G. Carter Stadium against Arkansas. A member of the school's baseball team, Hinton was selected as the Horned Frogs' top outfielder for the 1932 season.

After the 1932 season, Hinton joined the United States Army Air Corps and became a pilot in 1934. When World War II began, he was a lieutenant colonel and training director at Fort Worth Army Air Field. In the Pacific theater, he flew a B-24 Liberator with the 372nd Bombardment Squadron at the time of his death in a crash on Halmahera Island on December 10, 1944. He is honored in the Football's Wartime Heroes display at the Pro Football Hall of Fame.

Halmahera
Halmahera, formerly known as Jilolo, Gilolo, or Jailolo, is the largest island in the Maluku Islands. It is part of the North Maluku province of Indonesia, and Sofifi, the capital of the province, is located on the west coast of the island.

Halmahera has a land area of 17,780 km2 (6,860 sq mi). It is the largest island of Indonesia outside the five main islands. It had a population of 162,728 in 1995; by 2010, it had increased to 449,938 for the island itself (excluding the tip which is considered part of the Joronga Islands, but including Gebe and Ju islands) and 667,161 for the island group (including all of South Halmahera and Tidore, but not Ternate). Approximately half of the island's inhabitants are Muslim and half are Christian.
Mercury Voyager
The Mercury Voyager is a station wagon that was sold by the Mercury division of Ford for the 1957 and 1958 model years.  For the 1957 model year, Mercury created a model range of station wagons distinct from sedans, following Ford (and later Edsel).  The Voyager served as the mid-range offering, slotted above the base-trim Mercury Commuter, with the woodgrained Colony Park serving as the top-range offering.

For the 1959 model year, Ford consolidated the station wagon nameplates of its non-Lincoln divisions, with the Voyager combined into the "Country Cruiser" series while the Ford Del Rio, Edsel Roundup, and Edsel Bermuda were discontinued.

Woodie (car body style)
A woodie (or a woodie wagon) is a wood-bodied automobile that became a popular type of station wagon the bodywork of which is constructed of wood or is styled to resemble wood elements. The appearance of polished wood gave a resemblance to fine wooden furniture and on many occasions the wood theme continued to the dashboard and inner door panels including the rear tailgate.

Originally, wood framework augmented the car's structure. Over time manufacturers supplanted wood construction with a variety of materials and methods evoking wood construction — including infill metal panels, metal framework, or simulated wood-grain sheet vinyl bordered with three-dimensional, simulated framework. Wood construction was evoked abstractly on the Nissan Pao (1989–1991) and Ford Flex (2009–2019) with a series of horizontal grooves and strakes.
Olivier Rosset
Olivier Rosset (born July 14, 1971) is a French music entrepreneur, founder of Chronowax and co-founder of Official.fm. He also worked for V2 Music Group as A&R and general manager. In his early years, Rosset was also a professional bmx rider between 1990 and 1993.

Chromeo
Chromeo is a Canadian electro-funk duo from Montreal, formed in 2002 by musicians David "Dave 1" Macklovitch and Patrick "P-Thugg" Gemayel. Their sound draws from soul music, dance music, rock, synth-pop, disco and funk.

As of 2024, the band has released six studio albums, with three of them hitting the Billboard 200 charts. In 2018, Chromeo received their first Grammy Award nomination for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical for their album Head over Heels.
Utva (Perm Krai)
The Utva (Russian: Утьва) is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a right tributary of the Veslyana, which in turn is a tributary of the Kama. The river is 76 kilometres (47 mi) long, and its drainage basin covers 697 square kilometres (269 sq mi). The source of the river is in the extreme southwest of the Gaynsky District of Perm Krai, near the border with Kirov Oblast and the Komi Republic. The main tributaries are the Chugrum (right) and the Yuzhnaya Anva (left).

Perm Krai
Perm Krai (Russian: Пе́рмский край, romanized: Permskiy kray, IPA: [ˈpʲɛrmskʲɪj ˈkraj]; Komi-Permyak: Перем ладор, romanized: Perem lador) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is Perm. The population of the krai was 2,532,405 (2021 Census).

The krai was formed on 1 December 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug. Komi-Permyak Okrug retained its autonomous status within Perm Krai during the transitional period of 2006–2008. It also retained a budget separate from that of the krai, keeping all federal transfers. Starting in 2009, Komi-Permyak Okrug's budget became subject to the budgeting law of Perm Krai. The transitional period was implemented in part because Komi-Permyak Okrug relied heavily on federal subsidies, and an abrupt cut would have been detrimental to its economy.

The final period of the Paleozoic era, the Permian, is named after the Perm region.
Al Owaina
Al Owaina (Arabic: لعوينة; also spelled Leawaina and Al Uwaynah) is a small village in western Qatar located in the municipality of Al-Shahaniya. The closest sizable settlement is the industrial city of Dukhan. Situated to the immediate south of the Dukhan Highway, the capital Doha is located some 50 miles (80 km) away. Similar to many other rural settlements in Qatar, its population rapidly fell in the late 20th century amidst government efforts to resettle rural residents to Doha.

Municipalities of Qatar
Since 2015, Qatar has been divided into eight municipalities. In 2004, a new municipality, Al Daayen, was created under Resolution No. 13, formed from parts of Umm Salal and Al Khawr; at the same time, Al Ghuwariyah was merged with Al Khawr; Al Jumaliyah was merged with Ar Rayyan; Jarayan al Batnah was split between Al Rayyan and Al Wakrah; and Mesaieed was merged with Al Wakrah. In 2014, the western city of Al-Shahaniya split off from Al Rayyan Municipality to form its own municipality.

For statistical purposes, the municipalities are further subdivided into 98 zones (as of 2015), which are in turn subdivided into districts and blocks, the latter being the lowest subdivision.
Aleš Vála
Aleš Vála (born October 18, 1973) is a Czech former professional ice hockey defenceman.

Vála played seventeen games in the Czechoslovak First Ice Hockey League for HC Pardubice and thirty games in the Czech Extraliga for HC Bílí Tygři Liberec and BK Mladá Boleslav. He is currently working as equipment manager for Bílí Tygři Liberec.

HC Dynamo Pardubice
HC Dynamo Pardubice is a professional ice hockey club that plays in the Czech Extraliga. Its home venue is Enteria arena located in Pardubice. The club  was originally named LTC Pardubice, acquiring its current name at the start of the 2015–16 season.
Delta set
In mathematics, a Δ-set, often called a Δ-complex or a semi-simplicial set, is a combinatorial object that is useful in the construction and triangulation of topological spaces, and also in the computation of related algebraic invariants of such spaces.  A Δ-set is somewhat more general than a simplicial complex, yet not quite as sophisticated as a simplicial set. Simplicial sets have additional structure, so that every simplicial set is also a semi-simplicial set.

As an example, suppose we want to triangulate the 1-dimensional circle . To do so with a simplicial complex, we need at least three vertices, and edges connecting them. But delta-sets allow for a simpler triangulation: thinking of  as the interval [0,1] with the two endpoints identified, we can define a triangulation with a single vertex 0, and a single edge looping between 0 and 0.

Functor
In mathematics, specifically category theory, a functor is a mapping between categories.  Functors were first considered in algebraic topology, where algebraic objects (such as the fundamental group) are associated to topological spaces, and maps between these algebraic objects are associated to continuous maps between spaces.   Nowadays, functors are used throughout modern mathematics to relate various categories. Thus, functors are important in every area of mathematics where category theory is applied.

The words category and functor were borrowed by mathematicians from the philosophers Aristotle and Rudolf Carnap, respectively.  The latter used functor in a linguistic context;
see function word.
Malaysian contemporary music
Malaysian contemporary music (or "art music", "notated music") is an artistic phenomenon within Malaysia that has its roots in the 1980s with pioneer composers like Valerie Ross. However, little information about that period exists in written sources. The genre gained visibility and momentum only in the new millennium due to the internet phenomenon, and in 2002 in particular, when the Malaysian Philharmonic Orchestra (MPO) programmed several works by Malaysian composers, namely Chong Kee Yong's Echoed Dream (2002), Sunetra Fernando's 'Wayang' (2002) and Tazul Izan Tajuddin's Sebuah Tenunan III (2003). They represent the first local commissions by a professional symphony orchestra in the country. Interest in orchestral music by Malaysian composers grew and when the orchestra held its first Forum For Malaysian Composers in 2003 the event was a triumph for the local music scene.

Malaysian Philharmonic Orchestra
The Malaysian Philharmonic Orchestra (MPO; Malay: Orkestra Filharmonik Malaysia) is a Malaysian orchestra based in Kuala Lumpur.  The orchestra is resident at the Petronas Philharmonic Hall (Dewan Filharmonik Petronas). It is one of Asia's leading orchestras and is praised for its musical qualities.

The patron of the MPO is Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali, wife of the former Prime Minister of Malaysia, Mahathir Mohamad, who was the prime minister when the orchestra was founded in 1997. The orchestra is funded primarily through Petronas, a Malaysian oil and gas company.
The Hinderers
The Hinderers is Dååth's second studio album produced by Dååth and James Murphy, and released by Roadrunner Records. It contains guest solos by James Murphy and James Malone (of Arsis). Two music videos were produced, one each for the songs "Subterfuge" and "Festival Mass Soulform".

Roadrunner Records
Roadrunner Records is a Dutch-American record label focused on heavy metal and hard rock music. Founded in the Netherlands in 1980, it is now a division of Warner Music Group and is based in New York City. Formerly seen as one of the most powerful independent metal labels of the 1980s and 1990s, it would eventually become a massive host of metal acts, most seen in Roadrunner United and the following live concert. Since then, the label continued to put out major releases. However, by the 2020s, most major acts had left the label; it was also acquired by Warner, being relegated to something much smaller than before.
Mount Hampson
Mount Hampson is a mountain 1 nautical mile (2 km) north of Mount Rhodes, in the northern part of the Tula Mountains in Enderby Land, Antarctica. It was plotted from air photos taken from Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions aircraft in 1956, and was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for R.V. Hampson, a member of the crew of the Discovery during the British Australian New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition of 1929–31.

British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition
The British Australian (and) New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE) was a research expedition into Antarctica between 1929 and 1931, involving two voyages over consecutive Austral summers. The expedition was led by Australian geologist Sir Douglas Mawson.
Makoto no Michi
Makoto no Michi (真の道) (lit. 'The Sincere Path') is a Shinto-based Japanese new religion. The headquarters of Makoto no Michi is located in Kasuya, Tokyo. Waterfall meditation, which is also a shugendo practice, is one of its main practices.

Shikoku
Shikoku (四国, Shikoku; pronounced [ɕi̥ꜜ.ko.kɯ, ɕi̥.koꜜ.kɯ] ⓘ, lit. 'four provinces') is the smallest of the four main islands of Japan. It is 225 kilometres (140 miles) long and between 50 and 150 kilometres (30 and 95 miles) wide. It has a population of 3.8 million, the least populated of Japan's four main islands. It is south of Honshu and northeast of Kyushu. Shikoku's ancient names include Iyo-no-futana-shima (伊予之二名島), Iyo-shima (伊予島), and Futana-shima (二名島), and its current name refers to the four former provinces that make up the island: Awa, Tosa, Sanuki, and Iyo.