hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
French submarine Calypso (Q126)
Calypso (Q126) was a Circé-class submarine in commission in the French Navy from the late 1920s until 1942. She saw service in World War II, first on the side of the Allies from September 1939 to June 1940, then in the forces of Vichy France. After being seized by Nazi Germany in December 1942 and transferred to Italy, she was sunk in January 1943.

Menzel Bourguiba
Menzel Bourguiba (Arabic: منزل بورقيبة, romanized: Manzil Būrgībah, lit. 'House of Bourguiba'), formerly known as Ferryville, is a town located in the extreme north of Tunisia, about 60 kilometres (37 mi) from Tunis, in the Bizerte Governorate.
1998 Sunderland City Council election
The 1998 Sunderland Council election took place on 7 May 1998 to elect members of Sunderland Metropolitan Borough Council in Tyne and Wear, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Labour Party stayed in overall control of the council.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Labour 68

Conservative 4

Liberal Democrat 2

Liberal 1

Metropolitan borough
A metropolitan borough (or metropolitan district) is a type of local government district in England. Created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972, metropolitan boroughs are defined in English law as metropolitan districts within metropolitan counties. All of the metropolitan districts have been granted or regranted royal charters giving them borough status (and in some cases, they also have city status). Metropolitan boroughs have been effectively unitary authority areas since the abolition of metropolitan county councils by the Local Government Act 1985. Metropolitan boroughs pool much of their authority in joint boards and other arrangements that cover whole metropolitan counties, such as local enterprise partnerships and combined authorities, with most of the latter having a directly elected metropolitan mayor.
Michael Shunkov
Michael V. Shunkov (born 24 May 1953) is a Russian archaeologist and member of the Russian Academy of Science working at Novosibirsk State University. Shunkov was one of the archaeologists behind the find of a fossilized finger-bone excavated in the Siberian Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains in 2008 leading up to the 2010 discovery of the Denisova human.

Novosibirsk State University
Novosibirsk State University (NSU) is a public research university located in Novosibirsk, Russia. The university was founded in 1958, on the principles of integration of education and science, early involvement of students with research activities and the engagement of leading scientists in its teaching programmes.

As of 2022, Novosibirsk State University had 246th place in the rating of the QS World University Rankings, and in 2023 was ranked #579 in the world by U.S. News & World Report, and #801 in the world by World University Rankings by Times Higher Education.
Finlands sak är vår
Finlands sak är vår (English: The Finnish cause is ours) is the title of a Swedish book written by journalists Olof Lagercrantz and Karl-Gustaf Hildebrand. It appeared in December 1939, at the outbreak of the Winter War. Its print run was 600,000 copies, and it spread throughout Sweden.

The book's title was adopted as a campaign motto by the Finland committee. The sentence was coined by Swedish foreign minister Christian Günther. The campaign sought volunteers to fight with Finland against the Soviet invasion, and resulted in 10,000 applicants, of which 8,000 eventually were sent to Finland. In addition the campaign provided economic aid, clothing assistance and medical personnel. Many Swedish cultural personalities and journalists participated in the campaign. The campaign was financed by large Swedish companies as well as the Swedish Trade Union Confederation.

Swedish Trade Union Confederation
The Swedish Trade Union Confederation (Swedish: Landsorganisationen i Sverige [ˈlânː(d)sɔrɡanɪsaˌɧuːnɛn iː ˈsvæ̌rjɛ] ⓘ; literally "The National Organisation in Sweden"), commonly referred to as LO ([ˈɛ̂lːuː] ⓘ), is a national trade union centre, an umbrella organisation for thirteen Swedish trade unions that organise mainly "blue-collar" workers. The Confederation, which gathers around 1.5 million employees out of Sweden's 10 million people population, was founded in 1898 by blue-collar unions on the initiative of the 1897 Scandinavian Labour Congress and the Swedish Social Democratic Party, which almost exclusively was made up by trade unions. In 2019 union density of Swedish blue-collar workers was 60%, a decline by seventeen percentage points since 2006 when blue-collar union density was 77%. A strong contributing factor was the considerably raised fees to union unemployment funds in January 2007 made by the new centre-right government.
Sun4d
Sun4d is a computer architecture introduced by
Sun Microsystems in 1992. It is a development of the earlier Sun-4 architecture, using the XDBus system bus,
SuperSPARC processors, and SBus I/O cards. The XDBus
was the result of a collaboration between Sun
and Xerox; its name comes from an earlier Xerox
project, the Xerox Dragon. These were Sun's largest machines to date, and
their first attempt at making a mainframe-class server.

Computer architecture
In computer science and computer engineering, a computer architecture is the structure of a computer system made from component parts. It can sometimes be a high-level description that ignores details of the implementation. At a more detailed level, the description may include the instruction set architecture design, microarchitecture design, logic design, and implementation.
Canfield Island Site
The Canfield Island Site, also known as Archeological Site 36LY37, is an archaeological site in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, United States.  Located on Canfield Island in the West Branch Susquehanna River,: 7  the site lies east of the city of Williamsport in Loyalsock Township.  It is believed to have been inhabited by prehistoric Native Americans for thousands of years, with the oldest discoveries dating back to more than one millennium before Christ.

Lycoming County, Pennsylvania
Lycoming County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 114,188. Its county seat is Williamsport. The county is part of the North Central region of the commonwealth.

Lycoming County comprises the Williamsport metropolitan statistical area.

About 130 miles (210 km) northwest of Philadelphia and 165 miles (270 km) east-northeast of Pittsburgh, Lycoming is Pennsylvania's largest county by land area.
Sułomino
Sułomino [suwɔˈminɔ] (formerly German: Soldemin) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wolin, within Kamień County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) west of Wolin, 22 km (14 mi) south-west of Kamień Pomorski, and 49 km (30 mi) north of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 20.

Wolin (town)
Wolin ([ˈvɔlin]; German: Wollin) is a town in Kamień County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship in northwestern Poland. It is the seat of Gmina Wolin. It is situated on the southern tip of Wolin island off the Baltic coast of the historic region of Western Pomerania. The island lies at the edge of the strait of Dziwna.

The town, now a fishing port and gateway to the island's bathing resorts, has a population of approximately 4,900. Dating from the 9th century, it has been associated with the semi-legendary settlements of Jomsburg, Jumne, Julin and Vineta. It played an important role in the conversion of Pomerania and in 1140 became the first see of the Pomeranian diocese. Several ruins from the Slavic period occupy the area. The early medieval town fell victim to the late 12th century Danish raids, and was refounded in 1260.
Refugee Olympic Team at the 2024 Summer Olympics
The IOC Refugee Olympic Team (French: Équipe olympique des réfugiés, ÉOR) competed at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France. 37 athletes from 11 countries of origin represented the Refugee Olympic Team at the 2024 Summer Olympics in 12 sports, with 14 of the 37 athletes being Iranians.

Yahya Al Ghotany and Cindy Ngamba were the delegation's flagbearers during the opening ceremony.

Ngamba was the sole Olympian to have achieved a bronze medal in women's 75 kg in boxing. Notable athletes include Manizha Talash who was ultimately disqualified in B-Girls event in breaking for displaying a political flag and Eyeru Tesfoam Gebru who failed to finish the race in women's individual road race in cycling.

Boxing at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's 75 kg
The women's 75 kg (middleweight) boxing event at the 2024 Summer Olympics took place between 31 July and 10 August 2024. Preliminary boxing matches occurred at Arena Paris Nord in Villepinte, with the medal rounds (semifinals and finals) staged at Stade Roland Garros.
Dining shed
A dining shed is a makeshift outdoor dining structure created as a result of COVID-19 pandemic-induced government restrictions in New York City. After indoor dining was banned in the city in 2020 to prevent the spread of the illness, more than 12,000 dining sheds were hastily built by restaurants throughout the city using curbside parking space as a result of the Open Restaurants Program, which was authorized by then-mayor Bill de Blasio.

The sheds are credited with saving numerous restaurants from closure, but were controversial due to noise pollution, abandonment, attracting crime, and taking up usable parking space. Much debate arose over whether to keep them after the pandemic had waned. While numerous problematic sheds were demolished by the city in the years following the height of the pandemic, a vast number remained in use until new regulations began in August 2024, resulting in the removal of almost all dining sheds in the city.

Outdoor dining
Outdoor dining, also known as al fresco dining or dining al fresco, is the act of eating a meal outside.

In temperate climates, al fresco dining is especially popular in the summer months when temperatures and weather are most favorable. It is a style of dining that is casual and often party-like in its atmosphere.

In order to promote and accommodate the pedestrian activity and vibrancy associated with al fresco dining, some communities have passed ordinances permitting it at restaurants, including the service of food and alcoholic beverages to customers at pavement tables, until late at night.
1959 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 1959 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 65th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.

On 29 November 1959, Bennettsbridge won the championship after a 4–06 to 1–04 defeat of Erin's Own in the final. It was their sixth championship title overall and their first title in three championship seasons.

Erin's Own GAA (Kilkenny)
Erin's Own Gaelic Athletic Association was founded in 1885 and since then has been the main sporting organization in the Castlecomer area in County Kilkenny, Ireland.

Erin's Own fielded teams in 11 different grades of hurling and in 7 grades of gaelic football in 2006, and is currently undertaking major development at its new ground, Canon Kearns Park.

With a membership of about 20 adults and about 100 youths the club is in the enviable position of having two properties, the first, The Prince Grounds, in the town, and the second, Canon Kearns Park, on the outskirts of the town, towards Kilkenny.
Central Fighter Establishment
The Central Fighter Establishment was a Royal Air Force formation that dealt with the development of fighter aircraft tactics which was formed on 4 September 1944 as a nucleus at RAF Tangmere. It also tested new fighter aircraft and equipment, and with the training of squadron and flight commanders. It was officially formed on 16 October 1944 at RAF Wittering as part of No. 12 Group RAF, and was disbanded on 1 February 1966 while at RAF Binbrook.

RAF Wittering
Royal Air Force Wittering or more simply RAF Wittering (ICAO: EGXT) is a Royal Air Force station within the unitary authority area of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire and the unitary authority area of North Northamptonshire. Although Stamford in Lincolnshire is the nearest town, the runways of RAF Wittering cross the boundary between Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire.
Operation Thunderhead
Operation Thunderhead was a highly classified combat mission conducted by U.S. Navy SEAL Team One and Underwater Demolition Team 11 (UDT-11) in 1972. The mission was conducted off the coast of North Vietnam during the Vietnam War to rescue two U.S. airmen said to be escaping from a prisoner of war prison in Hanoi. The prisoners, including Air Force Colonel John A. Dramesi were planning to steal a boat and travel down the Red River to the Gulf of Tonkin.

Lieutenant Melvin Spence Dry was killed on the mission. He was the last SEAL lost during the Vietnam War. His father, retired Navy Captain Melvin H. Dry, spent the rest of his life trying to learn the circumstances surrounding his son's death. The details, however, were long shrouded in secrecy.

Gulf of Tonkin
The Gulf of Tonkin is a gulf at the northwestern portion of the South China Sea, located off the coasts of Tonkin (northern Vietnam) and South China. It has a total surface area of 126,250 km2 (48,750 sq mi).  It is defined in the west and northwest by the northern coastline of Vietnam down to the Cồn Cỏ island, in the north by China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and to the east by the Leizhou Peninsula and Hainan Island.

English sources from the People's Republic of China refer to the Gulf of Tonkin as Beibu Wan.
Timeline of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and supernovae
This list is a historical timeline of events related to  neutron stars, pulsars, supernovae, and white dwarfs.

Note that this list is mainly about the development of knowledge, but also about some supernovae taking place. For a separate list of the latter, see the article List of supernovae. All dates refer to when the supernova was observed on Earth or would have been observed on Earth had powerful enough telescopes existed at the time.

Riccardo Giacconi
Riccardo Giacconi (/dʒəˈkoʊni/ jə-KOH-nee, Italian: [rikˈkardo dʒakˈkoːni]; October 6, 1931 – December 9, 2018) was an Italian-American Nobel Prize-winning astrophysicist who laid down the foundations of X-ray astronomy.  He was a professor at the Johns Hopkins University.
Mahatma Phule Museum
Mahatma Phule Museum is a museum located in Pune, a city in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It was founded in 1890 and was then called the Poona Industrial Museum, and subsequently it was named Lord Reay Museum. In 1968 it was renamed as Mahatma Phule Museum.

Donald Mackay, 11th Lord Reay
Donald James Mackay, 1st Baron Reay, 11th Lord Reay, KT, GCSI, GCIE, PC, FBA, JP, DL (22 December 1839 – 1 August 1921), in the Netherlands known as Donald Jacob, Baron Mackay, Lord of Ophemert and Zennewijnen, was a Dutch-born British administrator and Liberal politician.
Doddridge (surname)
Doddridge is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Eliza Doddridge (born 1999), Australian cricketer

James Doddridge Patton (1850–1925), American politician

John Doddridge (1555–1628), English lawyer and politician

Joseph Doddridge (1746–1826), historian, horticulturist, physician, clergyman, and author

Mercy Doddridge (1709–1790), British dissenting laywoman and letter-writer

Philip Doddridge (1702–1751), English Nonconformist

Philip Doddridge (Virginia politician) (1773–1832), U.S. Representative from Virginia

Philip Doddridge McCulloch (1851–1928), American lawyer and politician

Richard Doddridge Blackmore (1825–1900), English novelists

R. D. Blackmore
Richard Doddridge Blackmore (7 June 1825 – 20 January 1900), known as R. D. Blackmore, was one of the most famous English novelists of the second half of the nineteenth century. He won acclaim for vivid descriptions and personification of the countryside, sharing with Thomas Hardy a Western England background and a strong sense of regional setting in his works.

Blackmore, often referred to as the "Last Victorian", was a pioneer of the movement in fiction that continued with Robert Louis Stevenson and others. He has been described as "proud, shy, reticent, strong-willed, sweet-tempered, and self-centred." Apart from his novel Lorna Doone, which has enjoyed continuing popularity, his work has gone out of print.

He was also a barrister, as per his census entry for 1881 in the National Census of England and Wales, at the age of 55, with his residence listed in Teddington, Middlesex.
Ringe, Denmark
Ringe is a town with a population of 6,822 (1 January 2025) on Funen in central Denmark. It is the seat of Faaborg-Midtfyn Municipality and was the seat of the now abolished Ringe municipality. The main office of Rynkeby Foods, a major Danish producer of juice and squash, is located in Ringe.

Juice
Juice is a drink made from the extraction or pressing of the natural liquid contained in fruit and vegetables. It can also refer to liquids that are flavored with concentrate or other biological food sources like meat or seafood, such as clam juice. Juice is commonly consumed as a beverage or used as an ingredient or flavoring in foods or other beverages, such as smoothies. Juice emerged as a popular beverage choice after the development of pasteurization methods enabled its preservation without using fermentation (which is used in wine production). The largest fruit juice consumers are New Zealand (nearly a cup, or 8 ounces, each day) and Colombia (more than three quarters of a cup each day). Fruit juice consumption on average increases with a country's income level.
HMS Trinidad
Three ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Trinidad, after the Caribbean island and former British possession Trinidad:

HMS Trinidad (1805) was a 10 gun schooner, listed in service between 1805 and 1809.

HMS Trinidad (1918) was an S-class destroyer launched in 1918 and sold in 1932.

HMS Trinidad (46) was a Crown Colony-class cruiser launched in 1941.  She was struck by her own torpedo whilst on convoy escort duties in 1942, and sunk later that year in a German air attack.

S-class destroyer (1917)
The S class (initially known as the Modified Trenchant class) was a class of 67 destroyers ordered for the Royal Navy in 1917 under the 11th and 12th Emergency War Programmes. They saw active service in the last months of the First World War and in the Russian and Irish Civil Wars during the early 1920s.  Most were relegated to the reserve by the mid-1920s and subsequently scrapped under the terms of the London Naval Treaty. Eleven survivors saw much action during the Second World War.
Firestorm Books & Coffee
Firestorm Books is a worker-owned and self-managed "anti-capitalist business" in Asheville, North Carolina. Named after the firestorm, this infoshop operates with an eye on creating a sustainable, radical community event space. Firestorm features regular events, such as film screenings, political and economic teach-ins, local and traveling musicians and community workshops.

Firestorm opened in May 2008 and is run by an LGBTQ collective.

Firestorm
A firestorm is a conflagration which attains such intensity that it creates and sustains its own wind system. It is most commonly a natural phenomenon, created during some of the largest bushfires and wildfires. Although the term has been used to describe certain large fires, the phenomenon's determining characteristic is a fire with its own storm-force winds from every point of the compass towards the storm's center, where the air is heated and then ascends.

The Black Saturday bushfires, the 2021 British Columbia wildfires, and the Great Peshtigo Fire are possible examples of forest fires with some portion of combustion due to a firestorm, as is the Great Hinckley Fire. Firestorms have also occurred in cities, usually due to targeted explosives, such as in the aerial firebombings of London, Hamburg, Dresden, and Tokyo, and the atomic bombing of Hiroshima.
Yangbi Yi Autonomous County
Yangbi Yi Autonomous County (Chinese: 漾濞彝族自治县; pinyin: Yàngbì Yízú Zìzhìxiàn; Bai: Jiod•vut or Qiot•binp or Yanb•bif or Yond•vut) is a county of the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture located in the west of Yunnan Province, China. It borders Dali City and Weishan to the east, Changning County to the south, Yongping County and Yunlong County to the west, and Eryuan County to the north.

Bai language
Bai (Bai: Baip‧ngvp‧zix; simplified Chinese: 白语; traditional Chinese: 白語; pinyin: Báiyǔ; lit. 'white language') is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in China, primarily in Yunnan Province, by the Bai people. The language has over a million speakers and is divided into three or four main dialects. Bai syllables are always open, with a rich set of vowels and eight tones. The tones are divided into two groups with modal and non-modal (tense, harsh or breathy) phonation. There is a small amount of traditional literature written with Chinese characters, Bowen (僰文), as well as a number of recent publications printed with a recently standardized system of romanisation using the Latin alphabet.

The origins of Bai have been obscured by intensive Chinese influence of an extended period. Different scholars have proposed that it is an early offshoot or sister language of Chinese, part of the Loloish branch, or a separate group within the Sino-Tibetan family.
The Falcon in Hollywood
The Falcon in Hollywood is a 1944 crime film directed by Gordon Douglas and stars Tom Conway in his recurring role as a suave amateur sleuth, supported by Barbara Hale, Jean Brooks, and Rita Corday. The film was the 10th of 16 in The Falcon detective series.

Rita Corday
Rita Corday (born Jeanne Paule Teipo-Ite-Marma Croset; October 20, 1920 – November 23, 1992) was an American actress. She appeared in 30 films during the 1940s and 1950s. She was sometimes billed as Paula Corday or Paule Croset.
The Thistle
The Thistle is a Scottish ladies' solo step dance devised by Irene Fidler and published in 2007.
This elegant dance performed to a set of waltzes builds on a rich yet relatively little known tradition of Scottish step dancing as maintained within the frame of annual St. Andrew's Summer School of the Royal Scottish Country Dance Society
The flower of thistle is reported to have been the symbol of Scotland since 1470s.

Solo dance
A solo dance is a dance done by an individual dancing alone, as opposed to couples dancing together but independently of others dancing at the same time, if any, and as opposed to groups of people dancing simultaneously in a coordinated manner. Solo dancers are usually the best dancers in a group or dance school. Most solo dancers start after about 6–7 years of dance or sooner. Most soloists are company kids from their dance school. They are usually in more than one dance.

In Comparsas, there are various soloists who strut in front.  They usually dance at the edges of the street so that the viewing public can appreciate their moves. Most male soloists carry a large lantern-like artifact on a large pole, resting on an oily pouch, which they spin at will. Dance is a way to express emotions.
Roddy Lumsden
Roderick Chalmers "Roddy" Lumsden (28 May 1966 – 10 January 2020) was a Scottish poet, writing mentor and quizzer. He was born in St Andrews and educated at Madras College and the University of Edinburgh. He published seven collections of poetry, a number of pamphlets, and a collection of trivia. He also edited a generational anthology of British and Irish poets of the 1990s and 2000s, Identity Parade (Bloodaxe Books, 2010), and The Salt Book of Younger Poets (Salt Publishing, 2011). His collections The Book of Love (Bloodaxe Books, 2000) and So Glad I'm Me (Bloodaxe Books, 2017) were shortlisted for the T. S. Eliot Prize.

Hamish Henderson
(James) Hamish Scott Henderson (11 November 1919 – 9 March 2002) was a Scottish poet, songwriter, communist, intellectual and soldier.

Henderson was a catalyst for the folk revival in Scotland. He was also an accomplished folk song collector and discovered such notable performers as Jeannie Robertson, Flora MacNeil and Calum Johnston.