hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
José Luis Ramos
José Luis Ramos (c. 1790 – May 7, 1849) was a Venezuelan writer and political figure. Ramos served various government roles such as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Venezuela multiple times. He was the Minister of Finance in 1835. He edited the literary magazine La Guirnalda between 1839 and 1850. He is considered the founder of literary journalism in Venezuela. Born in Caracas, he died in Maiguetia.

He was editor of La Guirnalda as of 1839 out of Caracas, which was the first literary magazine in the country, publishing poets such as Rafael María Baralt.

Rafael María Baralt
Rafael María Baralt y Pérez (3 July 1810 - 4 January 1860) was a Venezuelan diplomat  and one of the country's most famed writers, philologists, and historians. He was the first Latin American to occupy a chair at the Real Academia Española.
James Shomate
James Shomate (November 29, 1914 in Bakersfield, CA – October 13, 2001 in Manhattan) was an American pianist and voice teacher. He was particularly known for his work as an accompanist; notably playing in concerts and recitals for famous singers like Pierre Bernac, Richard Bonelli, Brenda Lewis, Anna Moffo, Lily Pons, Yvonne Printemps, Elisabeth Söderström, Gérard Souzay, Risë Stevens, and Jennie Tourel among others. For many years he served as a member of the voice faculty at the University of Bridgeport.

Richard Bonelli
Richard Bonelli (born George Richard Bunn; 6 February 1889 – 7 June 1980) was an American operatic baritone active from 1915 to the late 1970s. Although he sang predominantly on stage in both light and grand operas, he also performed at various times on radio, in concerts and films, as well as on television.
Stanley Sproul
Stanley E. Sproul (March 18, 1920 – May 13, 2015) was an American politician and lawyer from Maine. Sproul, a Republican, served as Mayor of Augusta, Maine from 1971 to 1974. He simultaneously represented Augusta in the Maine House of Representatives (1973–74). When not in public office, Sproul ran a law office. In 1974, Sproul sought the Republican nomination for Governor of Maine, but lost to Maine Attorney General James Erwin.

Sproul was born in 1920 in Windsor, Maine and moved to Augusta in 1932. He graduated from Cony High School in 1938 and became a pilot in the United States Navy. Sproul went to Northeastern University and then to Northeastern University School of Law. Sproul was admitted to the Maine bar.

Maine House of Representatives
The Maine House of Representatives is the lower house of the Maine Legislature. The House consists of 151 voting members and three nonvoting members. The voting members represent an equal number of districts across the state and are elected via plurality voting. The nonvoting members represent three of Maine's Native American tribes, though one tribe (the Penobscot Nation) has declined to send a representative. Each voting member of the House represents around 9,000 citizens of the state. Because it is a part-time position, members of the Maine House of Representatives usually have outside employment as well. Members are limited to four consecutive terms of two years each, but may run again after two years.

The House meets at the Maine State House in Augusta.
Bruker
Bruker Corporation is an American manufacturer of scientific instruments for molecular and materials research, as well as for industrial and applied analysis. It is headquartered in Billerica, Massachusetts, and is the publicly traded parent company of Bruker Scientific Instruments (Bruker AXS, Bruker BioSpin, Bruker Daltonics and Bruker Optics) and Bruker Energy & Supercon Technologies (BEST) divisions.

In April 2010, Bruker created a Chemical Analysis Division (headquartered in Fremont, CA) under the Bruker Daltonics subsidiary. This division contains three former Varian product lines: ICPMS systems, laboratory gas chromatography (GC), and GC-triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (originally designed by Bear Instruments and acquired by Varian in 2001).

In 2012, it sponsored the Fritz Feigl Prize, and since 1999 the company has also sponsored the Günther Laukien Prize.

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a type of mass spectrometry that uses an inductively coupled plasma to ionize the sample. It atomizes the sample and creates atomic and small polyatomic ions, which are then detected. It is known and used for its ability to detect metals and several non-metals in liquid samples at very low concentrations. It can detect different isotopes of the same element, which makes it a versatile tool in isotopic labeling.

Compared to atomic absorption spectroscopy, ICP-MS has greater speed, precision, and sensitivity.  However, compared with other types of mass spectrometry, such as thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) and glow discharge mass spectrometry (GD-MS), ICP-MS introduces many interfering species: argon from the plasma, component gases of air that leak through the cone orifices, and contamination from glassware and the cones.
Law and Disorder in Lagos
Law and Disorder in Lagos is a 2010 British documentary film by Louis Theroux.

Theroux journeys to Lagos, the largest city in Nigeria, to investigate the nature of law and order in the rapidly expanding city. There he follows the Government-run paramilitary task force KAI (Kick Against Indiscipline), notorious union leader MC Oluomo, and young gang members known as "Area Boys" who unofficially run neighbourhoods for money.

On 30 September 2015, Kunle "Mammok" Mamowora, Theroux's guide around Lagos and Chief Security Officer to MC Oluomo, was shot and killed by assailants who were believed to be members of a rival political group.

Kick Against Indiscipline
Kick Against Indiscipline, commonly known as  KAI, is an environmental law enforcement unit established in November 2003 by the Lagos State government of Nigeria to monitor and enforce environmental law in the state. The agency was established to support the overall policy of the state government in regards to its "War Against Indiscipline", an anti-indiscipline campaign created by Major General Mohammadu Buhari's military regime in 1984.
Sıtkı Akçatepe
Sıtkı Akçatepe (1902–1986) was a famous Turkish actor. He is a descendant of Nevşehirli Damat Ibrahim Pasha and Fatma Sultan (daughter of Ahmed III). He played together with his son, actor Halit Akçatepe and his wife actress "Leman Akçatepe" for some films.

His cinema career started as minor role in first Turkish sound film Bir Millet Uyanıyor alongside Atıf Kaptan. He was known for starring in the acclaimed classic series of comedy films Hababam Sınıfı and classic films "Tosun Paşa", Şaban Oğlu Şaban, Bizim Aile.

Fatma Sultan (daughter of Ahmed III)
Fatma Sultan (Ottoman Turkish: فاطمہ سلطان; 22 September 1704 – May 1733), was an Ottoman princess, daughter of Sultan Ahmed III and his Baş Kadin (first Imperial consort) Emetullah Kadın. She was politically active and influential on the affairs of state during the late Tulip era (1718–1730).
Metro Academic and Classical High School
Metro Academic and Classical High School is a magnet public high school in St. Louis, Missouri, United States, that is part of the St. Louis Public Schools school district.

As of the 2018–19 school year, the school had an enrollment of 377 students and 24 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 15.7:1. There were 374 students (99.2% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and none eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Metro is notable for being one of two International Baccalaureate World Schools in Missouri. Their IB Diploma Programme is coordinated by Sharleta Williams.

Secondary education in the United States
Secondary education is the last six or seven years of statutory formal education in the United States. It reaches the climax with twelfth grade (age 17–18). Whether it begins with sixth grade (age 11–12) or seventh grade (age 12–13) varies by state and sometimes by school district.

Secondary education in the United States occurs in two phases. The first, as classified by the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), is the lower secondary phase, either called a middle school or junior high school. A middle school is for students sixth grade, seventh grade and eighth grade and a junior high school is only for students in seventh and eighth grade.

The second is the ISCED upper secondary phase, a high school or senior high school for students ninth grade through twelfth grade. There is some debate over the optimum age of transfer, and variation in some states; also, middle school often includes grades that are almost always considered primary school.
Benjamin Penny
Benjamin David Penny (born 27 October 1959) is an Australian academic specialising in religious and spiritual movements in modern and contemporary China. He is a Harold White Fellow at the National Library of Australia.

His area of speciality is Falun Gong as well as the interpretation of Chinese religions by westerners and the history of the religions of Chinese Australians. The Times Literary Supplement states that in The Religion of Falun Gong Penny "makes a good case for defining Falun Gong as a modern Chinese religion. . . . [He] provides an admirable guide to the short history of Falun Gong and the eclectic complexities of its doctrine, which he sets within the framework of indigenous religious belief over the centuries."

National Library of Australia
The National Library of Australia (NLA), formerly the Commonwealth National Library and Commonwealth Parliament Library, is the largest reference library in Australia, responsible under the terms of the National Library Act 1960 for "maintaining and developing a national collection of library material, including a comprehensive collection of library material relating to Australia and the Australian people", thus functioning as a national library. It is located in Parkes, Canberra, ACT.

Created in 1960 by the National Library Act, by the end of June 2019 its collection contained 7,717,579 items, with its manuscript material occupying 17,950 metres (58,890 ft) of shelf space. The NLA also hosts and manages the Trove cultural heritage discovery service, which includes access to the Australian Web Archive and National edeposit (NED), a large collection of digitised newspapers, official documents, manuscripts and images, as well as born-digital material.
Margaret Rarru Garrawurra
Margaret Rarru Garrawurra is a senior Yolngu artist and weaver from Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia. Born in Galiwin'ku (Elcho Island), as of 2025 she lives between her mother's Country of Laŋarra (Howard Island) and Yurrwi (Milingimbi Island). In Laŋarra, she gathers natural materials and processes them into artworks rooted in ancestral traditions and expressed through distinct, innovative forms.

Elcho Island
Elcho Island, known to its traditional owners as Galiwin'ku (Galiwinku) is an island off the coast of Arnhem Land, in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is located at the southern end of the Wessel Islands group located in the East Arnhem Region. Galiwin'ku is also the name of the settlement where the island's largest community lives. Elcho Island formed part of the traditional lands of the Yan-nhaŋu, according to Norman Tindale. According to J. C. Jennison, the Aboriginal inhabitants were the Dhuwal, who called themselves the Kokalango Mala (mala = clan).
Zoltán Ambrus
Zoltán Ambrus (22 February 1861 in Debrecen – 28 February 1932 in Budapest) was a Hungarian writer and translator. He completed gymnasium (high school) in Debrecen and Budapest and then studied law in Budapest. At the age of 18, his father died leaving him responsible for his family. He tutored and wrote theater criticism and articles for such publications as Pesti Napló, Fővárosi Lapok, and Budapesti Szemle. In 1885, he moved to Paris where he studied literature at the Collège de France and the Sorbonne. He became a contributor to A Hét upon his return to Pest and wrote a substantial quantity of short stories. In 1900, he became editor of Új Magyar Szemle, and wrote some pieces for Nyugat, as well as serving as director of the National Theater (between 1917 and 1922).

Collège de France
The Collège de France (French pronunciation: [kɔlɛʒ də fʁɑ̃s] ⓘ; formerly known as the Collège Royal or as the Collège impérial), founded in 1530 by François I, is a higher education and research establishment (grand établissement) in France. It is located in Paris near La Sorbonne. The Collège de France has been considered to be France's most prestigious research establishment. It is an associate member of PSL University.

Research and teaching are closely linked at the Collège de France, whose ambition is to teach "the knowledge that is being built up in all fields of literature, science and the arts".
Moral rationalism
Moral rationalism, also called ethical rationalism, is a view in meta-ethics (specifically the epistemology of ethics) according to which moral principles are knowable a priori, by reason alone. Some prominent figures in the history of philosophy who have defended moral rationalism are Plato and Immanuel Kant. Perhaps the most prominent figure in the history of philosophy who has rejected moral rationalism is David Hume. Recent philosophers who have defended moral rationalism include Richard Hare, Christine Korsgaard, Alan Gewirth, and Michael Smith.

Moral rationalism is similar to the rationalist version of ethical intuitionism; however, they are distinct views. Moral rationalism is neutral on whether basic moral beliefs are known via inference or not. A moral rationalist who believes that some moral beliefs are justified non-inferentially is a rationalist ethical intuitionist. So, rationalist ethical intuitionism implies moral rationalism, but the reverse does not hold.

Christine Korsgaard
Christine Marion Korsgaard, FBA (/ˈkɔːrzɡɑːrd/; born April 9, 1952) is an American philosopher who is the Arthur Kingsley Porter Professor of Philosophy Emerita at Harvard University. Her main scholarly interests are in moral philosophy and its history; the relation of issues in moral philosophy to issues in metaphysics, the philosophy of mind, and the theory of personal identity; the theory of personal relationships; and in normativity in general.
KTFF Süper Lig
The KTFF Süper Lig (English: CTFA Super League), officially the AKSA Süper Lig for sponsorship reasons, formerly known as the Birinci Lig (literally First League), is the top football league in Northern Cyprus. The league was founded in 1955 and is currently contested by 16 teams.

At the end of the season, the bottom two clubs are relegated to the KTFF 1. Lig, and the next four from the bottom play play-out matches to determine the third team to be relegated.

Aksa Power Generation
Aksa Power Generation (or Aksa Jeneratör Sanayi A.Ş.) is a Turkish corporation, (part of the Aksa Group and owned by Kazanci Holding) that designs, manufactures, distributes, sells and services electrical power generators worldwide. The Aksa Power Generation headquarters is located in Istanbul, Turkey. It has three main manufacturing plants around the world, which are located in three continents (Louisiana, USA; Istanbul, Turkey; and China).

Aksa Power Generation claims to be one of the world's top five generator manufacturing firms and runs the world's largest generator factory.
Karditsa (regional unit)
Karditsa (Greek: Περιφερειακή ενότητα Καρδίτσας, [karˈðit͡sa]) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Thessaly. Its name is derived from its capital Karditsa, a town of approximately 56,000 people.

Regions of Greece
The regions of Greece (Greek: περιφέρειες, romanized: periféreies) are the country's thirteen second-level administrative entities, counting decentralized administrations of Greece as first-level. Regions are divided into regional units, known as prefectures until 2011.
Shimoura Station
Shimoura Station (下浦駅, Shimoura-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the town of Ishii, Myōzai District,  Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Shikoku and has the station number "B06".

Shikoku Railway Company
The Shikoku Railway Company, commonly known as JR Shikoku, is the smallest of the seven constituent companies of the Japan Railways Group (JR Group). It operates 855.2 kilometres (531.4 mi) of intercity and local rail services in the four prefectures on the island of Shikoku in Japan. The company has its headquarters in Takamatsu.
Up and Coming Stakes
The Up and Coming Stakes is an Australian Turf Club Group 3 Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-old colts and geldings, run as a quality handicap over a distance of 1300 metres in  Sydney, Australia in August.

Australian Turf Club
Australian Turf Club (ATC) owns and operates thoroughbred racing, events and hospitality venues across Sydney, Australia. The ATC came into being on 7 February 2011 when the Australian Jockey Club (AJC) and the Sydney Turf Club (STC) merged. The ATC primarily operates out of their offices at Randwick Racecourse and employs approximately 270 full-time staff and over 1,000 casual staff across the five venues. The venues include Randwick, Rosehill Gardens, Canterbury Park, Warwick Farm and the Rosehill Bowling Club.
Mixed chalice
In the Christian sacrament of the Eucharist, the mixed chalice is the admixture of emblessed water and emblessed wine.

In preparing the sacrament, the priest blesses the water to represent the divine grace of God bestowed during baptism with water.  The holy water is then mixed with red wine, which becomes the blood of Christ, so as to represent the uniting of man-seeking-God (Baptism) and God-reaching-out-to-man (the Passion).  In the same way, the Mass is a communion with the whole Christ: Jesus's Incarnation, ministry, Passion and Resurrection.  The mixed chalice also represents the hypostatic union, God incarnate, that subsists in the Trinitarian view of Christ.

Divine grace
Divine grace is a theological term present in many religions. It has been defined as the divine influence which operates in humans to regenerate and sanctify, to inspire virtuous impulses, and to impart strength to endure trial and resist temptation; and as an individual virtue or excellence of divine origin.
Ishaq Khan Khakwani
Ishaq Khan Khakwani (born 1 April 1949) is a senior Pakistani politician, engineer and a wealthy landlord. He has served as the Minister of State for Information Technology, Telecommunications and Railways. He served as the senior vice-president of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf. He was elected for his first term as Parliamentarian as a Pakistan Muslim League (Q) candidate. Ishaq Khan Khakwani completed his BSc in electrical engineering from the University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore in 1971 and worked as an engineer in Pakistan Railways for 18 years before entering the political arena. Currently, his occupation is that of an agriculturist. He has also served on the Government Task Force on Agriculture, Reduction of WAPDA's electricity tariff and WTO. He was also the member of National Assembly Committees on Economic Affairs and Statistics, Standing Committee on Food Agriculture and Livestock and Standing Committee on Railways.

Landlord
A landlord is the owner of property such as a farm, house, apartment, condominium, land, or real estate that is rented or leased to an individual or business, known as a tenant (also called a lessee or renter). The term landlord applies when a juristic person occupies this position. Alternative terms include lessor and owner. For female property owners, the term landlady may be used. In the United Kingdom, the manager of a pub, officially a licensed victualler, is also referred to as the landlord/landlady. In political economy, landlord specifically refers to someone who owns natural resources (such as land, excluding buildings) from which they derive economic rent, a form of passive income.
Amlamé
Amlamé is a town in the Plateaux Region of Togo. It is located on the main highway between Atakpame and Kpalime (about 30 km from the former and 70 km from the latter). Administratively, it is the seat of the Amou Prefecture.

Amlamé is the Francization of the original Akposso name, Emla.

Ovazu is a "traditional celebration" of the town.

Kposo people
The Kposo or Akposso people (Kposo: Akpɔsɔ) are an ethnic group living in the Plateau Region of southern Togo, west of Atakpamé, and across the border in Ghana. Their ethnic language is Kposo or Ikposo.
Amerila bauri
Amerila bauri is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Heinrich Benno Möschler in 1884. It is found in Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe.

The larvae feed on Eugenia species and Syzygium cordatum.

Syzygium cordatum
Syzygium cordatum is an evergreen, water-loving tree, which grows to a height of 8–15 m. This tree is often found near streams, on forest margins or in swampy spots. The leaves are elliptic to circular, bluish green on top and a paler green below. Young leaves are reddish. The white to pinkish fragrant flowers are borne in branched terminals and have numerous fluffy stamens and produce abundant nectar. It flowers from August to November. The fruits are oval berries, red to dark-purple when ripe.

Common names are waterbessie (Afrikaans), undoni, umSwi, umJoni and hute (Shona), trâm mốc, trâm vối or vối rừng (Vietnamese). "Water berry" is also used for other species of Syzygium.
Bessel van der Kolk
Bessel van der Kolk (Dutch: [vɑn dɛr kɔlk]; born July 1943) is a Boston-based Dutch-American psychiatrist, author, researcher and educator. Since the 1970s his research has been in the area of post-traumatic stress. He is the author of four books, including The New York Times best seller, The Body Keeps the Score, which was translated into 43 languages. Scientists have criticized the book for promoting pseudoscientific claims about trauma, memory, the brain, and development.

Van der Kolk served as president of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies and is a former co-director of the National Child Traumatic Stress Network. He is a professor of psychiatry at Boston University School of Medicine and president of the Trauma Research Foundation in Brookline, Massachusetts.

Boston University School of Medicine
The Boston University School of Medicine (formally the Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine) is the medical school of Boston University, a private research university in Boston, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1848. Originally known as the New England Female Medical College, it was renamed Boston University School of Medicine in 1873. It became the Boston University Aram V. Chobanian & Edward Avedisian School of Medicine, in 2022. In 1864, it became the first medical school in the United States to award an MD degree to an African-American woman.

The school is the only medical school located in the South End neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. Boston Medical Center, its primary teaching hospital, operates the largest 24-hour Level I trauma center in New England, and the largest network of regional community health centers. The school is the home of the Framingham Heart Study, from which all knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors were originally discovered.