hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
United States v. Reidel
United States v. Reidel, 402 U.S. 351 (1971), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a postal regulation that banned the sale of adult materials was constitutionally permissible.

Lascivious behavior
Lascivious behavior is sexual behavior or conduct that is considered crude and offensive, or contrary to local moral or other standards of appropriate behavior. In this sense, "lascivious" is similar in meaning to "lewd", "indecent", "lecherous", "unchaste", "licentious", "libidinous" or "lustful".
Paris's 8th constituency
The 8th constituency of Paris (French: Huitième circonscription de Paris) is a French legislative constituency in the Paris département (75). Like the other 576 French constituencies, it elects one MP using the two-round system. Its boundaries were heavily redrawn in 1988 and 2012.

1986 redistricting of French legislative constituencies
On 24 November 1986, a law was passed in France establishing the eleventh electoral division of French legislative constituencies. These constituency boundaries were used without any modification for national elections from 1988 to 2007. In 2010, these constituencies were abolished and new boundaries were used from the 2012 election.
Lindokuhle Mtshali
Lindokuhle Praise Mtshali (born 2 March 1998) is a South African soccer player who plays as a midfielder for Richards Bay in the Premier Soccer League.

Mtshali started his career in Real Kings. In 2016 he was signed by Orlando Pirates, but with the condition that he was loaned to Real Kings for another season. He finished with Real Kings in June 2017, and subsequently went on trial with Jomo Cosmos. In August 2017 Jomo Sono announced that Mtshali had signed for Cosmos. Unbeknownst to Sono, Mtshali was still contracted to Pirates, and the transfer fell through. Mtshali claimed he had not been paid any wages in July 2017. He also declined a contract offer. He was released by Orlando Pirates, and instead went back to Real Kings.

In 2019 he moved on to Golden Arrows, and subsequently made his first-tier debut in the 2019-20 South African Premier Division. In the summer of 2022 he signed a two-year contract with the Moroka Swallows.

Jomo Cosmos F.C.
Jomo Cosmos is a South African soccer club based in Johannesburg that plays in the ABC Motsepe League. The club is owned and coached by South African football legend Jomo Sono.

At the end of the 2021–22 National First Division season, the club was relegated to the third tier of football in South Africa for the first time.
Tough Enough (song)
"Tough Enough" is the debut single of the Estonian girl band Vanilla Ninja. The music was composed by David Brandes and Petra Brändle (under the pseudonym Jane Tempest), with lyrics by Bernd Meinunger (as John O'Flynn).

"Tough Enough" was released on November 24, 2003, and entered the charts, reaching number 11 in Finland, 13 in Germany, 16 in Austria and 52 in Switzerland. The song features on the albums Traces of Sadness, Limited Edition and Best Of. The video, by Mathias Vielsäcker and Christoph Mangler, was shot in November 2003.

The song appeared in the 2004 video games Dancing Stage Fusion, Dance Dance Revolution Ultramix 2 and In the Groove.

Bernd Meinunger
Bernd Meinunger (30 September 1944 – 17 October 2025) was a German lyricist and record producer (with Hanne Haller) who frequently worked with Ralph Siegel and David Brandes. Several of his songs have represented Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest.
Wennington Hall
Wennington Hall is a former country house in Wennington, a village in the City of Lancaster district in Lancashire, England. The house is a Grade II listed building and from 1940 until 2022 was used as a school, at first by the Quaker boarding school Wennington School before its move to Yorkshire, then by Lancashire County Council.

City of Lancaster
The City of Lancaster, or simply Lancaster (/ˈlæŋkæstər/), is a local government district with city status in Lancashire, England. It is named after its largest settlement, Lancaster, and also includes the towns of Carnforth, Heysham and Morecambe and a wider rural hinterland. The district has a population of 145,006 (2024), and an area of 219 square miles (567 km2).

Much of the district's rural area is recognised for its natural beauty; it includes part of the Yorkshire Dales National Park and parts of the designated Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty of Arnside and Silverdale and the Forest of Bowland. The neighbouring districts are Westmorland and Furness, North Yorkshire, Ribble Valley and Wyre.
Brazill
Brazill is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ashleigh Brazill (born 1989), Australian netball player

Frank Brazill (1899–1976), American baseball player

LaVon Brazill (born 1989), American football player

Mark Brazill (born 1962), American television producer

Nathaniel Brazill (born 1986), American murderer

Sister Philippa Brazill (1896–1988), Australian nurse

Frank Brazill
Frank Leo Brazill (August 11, 1899 – November 3, 1976) was an American professional baseball first baseman whose career spanned nineteen seasons (1919–1938). During the 1921 and 1922 Major League Baseball (MLB) season he was a member of the Philadelphia Athletics.
Original Wasco County Courthouse
The Original Wasco County Courthouse is a historic former courthouse, located in The Dalles, Oregon, United States. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places under the name First Wasco County Courthouse, and is also listed as a contributing resource in the National Register-listed Trevitt's Addition Historic District.

One of only two remaining courthouses from prior to Oregon statehood, this building served Wasco County from 1859 until 1882, and then as The Dalles city hall until 1907. From its original location in downtown The Dalles, it has been moved several times before its current location within Trevitt's Addition Historic District.

As of 2010, it was managed as a museum by the Wasco County Historical Society.

The Dalles, Oregon
The Dalles (/ˈdælz/ ⓘ DALZ) formally the City of the Dalles and also called Dalles City, is an inland port, the county seat of and the largest city in Wasco County, Oregon, United States. The population was 16,010 at the 2020 census, and it is the largest city in Oregon along the Columbia River outside the Portland Metropolitan Area. The Dalles is 75 miles (121 km) east of Portland, within the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area.
Hickory Stump Hollow
Hickory Stump Hollow is a valley in southeastern Ozark County in the Ozarks of southern Missouri. The valley headwaters lie just south of U.S. Route 160 east of Tecumseh. The stream enters Bridges Creek about one-quarter mile east of the waters of Norfork Lake.

The headwaters of the stream in the valley are at 36°36′04″N 92°13′13″W﻿ / ﻿36.60111°N 92.22028°W﻿ / 36.60111; -92.22028 and the confluence with Bridges Creek is at 36°34′13″N 92°14′26″W﻿ / ﻿36.57028°N 92.24056°W﻿ / 36.57028; -92.24056.

Hickory Stump Hollow was named for the fact stumps of hickory trees were a common sight in the area.

Hickory
Hickory is a common name for trees composing the genus Carya, which includes 19 species accepted by Plants of the World Online.

Seven species are native to southeast Asia in China, Indochina, and northeastern India (Assam), and twelve are native to North America. A number of hickory species are used for their edible nuts or for their wood.
Funmilade Akingbagbohun
Funmilade Akingbagbohun FNSE COREN FNIMechE is a Nigerian Mechanical Engineer known for being the first female National Chairman of the Nigerian Institute of Mechanical Engineers.

Akingbagbohun earned a Higher National Diploma from the Yaba College of Technology before earning her Master's degree from the University of Lagos. She earned her Bachelor of Engineering from the University of Ibadan.

She previously served as chairman of the Ikeja Branch of the Nigerian Society of Engineers

Akinbagboghun was innaugarated as the National Chairman of the Nigerian Institute of Mechanical Engineers in 2022 in succession of Muhammad Baba Ndaliman. On 24 April 2024, she was succeeded by Alhassan Abdu Mohammed

She is a fellow of the Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria. She is also a fellow of the Institution of Electrical Engineers.

University of Ibadan
The University of Ibadan (UI) is a federal university located in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Initially founded as the University College Ibadan in 1948, it maintained its affiliation with the University of London. In 1962, it became an independent institution, making it the oldest degree-awarding institution in Nigeria. The University of Ibadan has significantly contributed to Nigeria's political, industrial, economic, and cultural development through its extensive network of graduates.

UI enrolls about 33,000 students, is internationally recognized, and has a number of accomplished alumni.
2017 Hun Sen Cup
The Hun Sen Cup was the main football knockout tournament in Cambodia. The 2017 Hun Sen Cup was the 11th season of the Hun Sen Cup, the premier knockout tournament for association football clubs in Cambodia involving Cambodian League and provincial teams organized by the Football Federation of Cambodia.

National Defense Ministry were the defending champions, having beaten Preah Khan Reach Svay Rieng 6–5 on penalty shoot-out after 1-1 extra time in the previous season's final.

Cambodian Premier League
The Cambodian Premier League (Khmer: លីគកំពូលកម្ពុជា, Lik Kampul Kampuchea [lik kɑmˈpuːl ˌkampuˈciə]) is a top association football division in Cambodia and administered by the Cambodian Football League Company (CFLC). Contested by 11 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with Cambodian League 2.
Shikaripura Harihareshwara
Shikaripura Harihareshwara (1936 – 23 July 2010) was a Kannada writer. He served as the chief editor of Amerikannada, a bimonthly magazine in Kannada. In 1999, he was among the recipients of the Rajyothsava award constituted by Government of Karnataka. He was widely known for the literary work he did residing in United States of America.

Rajyotsava Prashasti
The Rajyotsava Prashasti or Rajyotsava Award is the second highest civilian honor given by the State of Karnataka in India which is conferred annually by the Karnataka Government on the occasion of the establishment of the state on 1 November, celebrated as the Kannada Rajyotsava.

The awards are presented in Bengaluru by the Chief Minister of Karnataka on 1 November of every year. Each award carries an amount of ₹100,000, a 20-gram gold medal and a citation. In addition to that, the government has in the past allotted commercial land to eligible awardees.
Tasmanian Electoral Commission
The Tasmanian Electoral Commission (TEC) in Tasmania, Australia, established in 2005, is an independent office which conducts parliamentary and local government elections in Tasmania. Elections for the House of Assembly take place every four years, and for the Legislative Council every year on a rotational basis.

The next election for the House of Assembly will be held on 23 March 2024. The next elections for the Legislative Council, for the divisions of Launceston, Murchison and Rumney, will be held in 2023. The next elections for local government councils will be held during September and October 2022.

Electoral division of Rumney
The electoral division of Rumney is one of the 15 electoral divisions in the Tasmanian Legislative Council (upper house). The division is located in Southern Tasmania to the east of the division of Pembroke.

The electorate is named after Mount Rumney in outer Hobart. The division covers an area of 434 km2 and includes a number of outer Hobart localities including; Lauderdale, Rokeby, Cambridge, Midway Point and Richmond.
The division is held by Labor member Sarah Lovell.

As of the last election on the 6 May 2023, the division had a total enrolment of 27,606 electors.
Bror Östman
Bror Gunnar Östman  (10 October 1928 – 23 April 1992) was a Swedish ski jumper who competed in the 1950s. Born in Själevad, he won the ski jumping bronze medal at the 1954 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Falun.

At the 1952 Winter Olympics he finished 32nd in the only ski jumping event.

Four years later he finished 14th in the ski jumping event at the 1956 Winter Olympics.

Örnsköldsvik Municipality
Örnsköldsvik Municipality (Swedish: Örnsköldsviks kommun; Southern Sami: Orrestaaren tjïelte) is one of Sweden's 290 municipalities, in Västernorrland County in northern Sweden. Its seat is in the town Örnsköldsvik. The present municipality was created in 1971 by the amalgamation of the City of Örnsköldsvik with seven former rural municipalities.
Glacier Northwest, Inc. v. Teamsters
Glacier Northwest, Inc. v. International Brotherhood of Teamsters Local Union No. 174, 598 U.S. 771 (2023) was a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States related to federal labor law, concerning the power of employers to sue labor unions regarding destruction of employer property following a strike. In an 8–1 decision, the Court acknowledged that the right to strike is not absolute, and concluded that the National Labor Relations Act did not preempt lawsuits filed against the union, thus allowing litigation to continue.

United States Chamber of Commerce
The United States Chamber of Commerce (USCC) is a business association advocacy group and is the largest lobbying group in the United States. The group was founded in April 23, 1912, out of local chambers of commerce at the urging of President William Howard Taft and his secretary of commerce and labor Charles Nagel. President Taft's belief was that the "government needed to deal with a group that could speak with authority for the interests of business."

The U.S. Chamber of Commerce claims to represent three million small business owners, but this claim is disputed because the organization is funded primarily by the largest corporations in the United States.

The current president and CEO of the Chamber is Suzanne Clark. She worked for the group from 1997 to 2007 and returned in 2014, holding multiple executive roles before being named its first female CEO in February 2021.
Northern Ireland Water
Northern Ireland Water Limited is the main water company in Northern Ireland.

Formerly an executive agency within Northern Ireland Executive, it became a government-owned company on 1 April 2007. The company now sits as an Agency within the Department of Infrastructure (DfI). The company provides 575 million litres of clean water a day for almost 1.8 million people as well as treating 340 million litres of wastewater every day, and has approximately 1,300 staff. It is responsible for 27,000 km of watermains and 16,000 km of sewerage mains, as well as 23 water treatment works and 1,030 wastewater treatment works. It cost around £460m each year to deliver water services across Northern Ireland.

Sanitary sewer
A sanitary sewer is an underground pipe or tunnel system for transporting sewage from houses and commercial buildings (but not stormwater) to a sewage treatment plant or disposal.

Sanitary sewers are a type of gravity sewer and are part of an overall system called a "sewage system" or sewerage. Sanitary sewers serving industrial areas may also carry industrial wastewater. In municipalities served by sanitary sewers, separate storm drains may convey surface runoff directly to surface waters. An advantage of sanitary sewer systems is that they avoid combined sewer overflows. Sanitary sewers are typically much smaller in diameter than combined sewers which also transport urban runoff. Backups of raw sewage can occur if excessive stormwater inflow or groundwater infiltration occurs due to leaking joints, defective pipes etc. in aging infrastructure.
Minstrels' gallery
A minstrels' gallery is a form of balcony, often inside the great hall of a castle or manor house, and used to allow musicians (originally minstrels) to perform, sometimes discreetly hidden from the guests below.

Minstrel
A minstrel was an entertainer, initially in medieval Europe. The term originally described any type of entertainer such as a musician, juggler, acrobat, singer or fool; later, from the sixteenth century, it came to mean a specialist entertainer who sang songs and played musical instruments.
Watari Dam
Watari Dam is a dam located  in Bagwai Local Government area in the north west of Kano State of Nigeria. It was constructed between 1977 and 1980 at a cost of Nigerian Naira ₦7,108,000.00.

The community uses the water for agricultural purposes in the area. There is a water pump that sends water from the dam to other parts of Kano City and other towns in the state such as Bichi and Bagwai.

It is the third largest dam in Kano State with a total storage capacity of 104.55Mm2. The purpose for the building of the dam is for flood control and irrigation, fisheries and the secondary benefit include recreation water supply and wild conservation.
One of the most tragic incidents that occurred in the Watari Dam was the Bagwai boat disaster on November 30, 2021.

Nigerian naira
The naira (sign: ₦; code: NGN; Yoruba: náírà, Hausa: نَيْرَ, romanized: naira, Igbo: naịra, Tyap: nera) is the currency of Nigeria. One naira is divided into 100 kobo.

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) is the sole issuer of legal tender money throughout the Federal Republic of Nigeria. It controls the volume of money supplied in the economy in order to ensure monetary and price stability. The Currency Operations Department of the CBN is in charge of currency management, through the designs, procurement, distribution and supply, processing, reissue and disposal or disintegration of bank notes and coins.

A major cash crunch occurred in February 2023 when the Nigerian government used a currency note changeover—delivering too few of the new notes into circulation—to attempt to force citizens to use a newly created government-sponsored central bank digital currency.  This led to extensive street protests.
Umivik, Ammassalik
Umivik is an abandoned settlement at Ammassalik Fjord. As of the winter of 1884–5, 19 Inuit lived there in a single dwelling. The U.S. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency classifies Umiviik/Umîvik as a ruin at 65°39′N 37°12′W﻿ / ﻿65.65°N 37.2°W﻿ / 65.65; -37.2﻿ (Umivik), which is on the west side of Apusiaajik Island.

Apusiaajik Island
Apusiaajik Island (old spelling: Apusiâjik) is an uninhabited island in the Sermersooq municipality on the southeastern shore of Greenland. It is an outlying island in the Ammassalik archipelago of islands on the coast of the North Atlantic.

Icelandair STOL aircraft approach Kulusuk Airport on the way from Nerlerit Inaat and Reykjavík flying directly over the southern end of the island.
Diocese of Mysore
Diocese of Mysore may mean,

Roman Catholic Diocese of Mysore,

Church of South India Diocese of Mysore, trifurcated into,
Church of South India Karnataka Northern Diocese
Church of South India Karnataka Central Diocese
Church of South India Karnataka Southern Diocese

Diocese of Northern Karnataka of the Church of South India
Karnataka Northern Diocese is one among the twenty-two dioceses of the Church of South India which covers the churches in the northern part of Karnataka state. The Church of South India is a United Protestant denomination.
James Wiseman (cricketer)
James Mackintosh Wiseman (13 February 1816 – 19 July 1839) was an English first-class cricketer and British Army officer.

The son of Sir William Saltonstall Wiseman, he was born at Hastings in February 1816. He later studied at University College at the University of Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he made a single appearances in first-class cricket for Oxford University against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Oxford in 1836. Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed for a single run in the Oxford first innings by John Bayley, while in their second innings he was run out without scoring.

After graduating from Oxford, Wiseman served in British India as an ensign with the Bombay Army. He was killed in the Sindh in July 1839.

Magdalen Ground
The Magdalen Ground (also known as the Old Magdalen Ground) was a cricket ground in Oxford, England. The ground was owned by the University of Oxford and used by Magdalen College, a constituent college of the University of Oxford. Originally forming the northern point of Cowley Marsh, the ground was initially associated with the Magdalen College School, whose students played cricket there. By 1829, the Oxford University Cricket Club had been given a part of the marsh where the College School played cricket. In 1851, it was purchased at auction by the University of Oxford and leased to the University Cricket Club. The ground operated as a first-class cricket venue from 1829 to 1880, hosting 69 first-class matches. The University Cricket Club left the ground following the 1880 season to play at the University Parks from 1881.
Baculifera
Baculifera is a genus of lichens in the family Caliciaceae. It was circumscribed in 2000 by Bernhard Marbach and Klaus Kalb. Species in this genus are characterized by having bacilliform conidia typically measuring 8–11 μm long, and a non-inspersed hymenium. The genus is roughly similar in morphology to Buellia.

Klaus Kalb
Klaus Kalb (born 1942) is a German lichenologist and an authority on tropical lichens. Born in Nuremberg, he studied at the University of Erlangen–Nuremberg before pursuing a career that significantly advanced the field of lichenology, particularly in Brazil. Kalb's work in São Paulo from 1978 to 1981 led to a collaboration with Brazilian lichenologist Marcelo Pinto Marcelli, which is considered a model for non-commercial benefit-sharing in taxonomic research. He later became an associate professor at the University of Regensburg and is known for editing the exsiccata series Lichenes Neotropici. Kalb's contributions to lichenology include over 120 scientific publications, the description of numerous new species, and the development of a substantial lichen collection. His work has been recognised through various honours, including four lichen genera and numerous species named after him, as well as a Festschrift published in 2007 to mark his retirement.
Claire Richardson
Claire Richardson (born 2 April 1984) is a former rugby union player. She represented New Zealand internationally and provincially for Otago and Hawke's Bay. She was in the squad that won the 2006 Rugby World Cup.

Richardson made her international debut for the Black Ferns on 4 October 2003 against a World XV's team at Auckland. She made her last appearance for the Black Ferns on 17 August 2014 against the United States at the World Cup in Paris.

Richardson scored a hat-trick against hosts, Canada, at the 2006 Rugby World Cup when the Black Ferns ran in ten tries in their 66–7 victory.

Hawke's Bay Rugby Union
The Hawke's Bay Rugby Union (HBRU) is the governing body of rugby union in the Hawke's Bay region of New Zealand. The union is based in Napier.

The Hawke's Bay representative team are nicknamed The Magpies.
Alice C. Evans Award
The ASM Alice C. Evans Award for Advancement of Women is an award given by the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) to an ASM member who has made outstanding contributions to the status of women in microbiology and related sciences. The award aims to promote full participation and equal opportunity for women in microbiology. The award is named in honor of Alice Catherine Evans, the first woman to become an ASM president.

American Society for Microbiology
The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), originally the Society of American Bacteriologists, is a professional organization for scientists who study viruses, bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa as well as other aspects of microbiology. It was founded in 1899. The Society publishes a variety of scientific journals, textbooks, and other educational materials related to microbiology and infectious diseases. ASM organizes annual meetings, as well as workshops and professional development opportunities for its members.