hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Barton's fracture
A Barton's fracture is a type of wrist injury where there is a broken bone associated with a dislocated bone in the wrist, typically occurring after falling on top of a bent wrist. It is an intra-articular fracture of the distal radius with dislocation of the radiocarpal joint.

There exist two types of Barton's fracture – dorsal and palmar, the latter being more common. The Barton's fracture is caused by a fall on an extended and pronated wrist increasing carpal compression force on the dorsal rim. Intra-articular component distinguishes this fracture from a Smith's or a Colles' fracture.
Treatment of this fracture is usually done by open reduction and internal fixation with a plate and screws, but occasionally the fracture can be treated conservatively.

Wrist
In human anatomy, the wrist is variously defined as (1) the carpus or carpal bones, the complex of eight bones forming the proximal skeletal segment of the hand; (2) the wrist joint or radiocarpal joint, the joint between the radius and the carpus and; (3) the anatomical region surrounding the carpus including the distal parts of the bones of the forearm and the proximal parts of the metacarpus or five metacarpal bones and the series of joints between these bones, thus referred to as wrist joints.  This region also includes the carpal tunnel, the anatomical snuff box, bracelet lines, the flexor retinaculum, and the extensor retinaculum.

As a consequence of these various definitions, fractures to the carpal bones are referred to as carpal fractures, while fractures such as distal radius fracture are often considered fractures to the wrist.
2024 Balikpapan mayoral election
The 2024 Balikpapan mayoral election was held on 27 November 2024 as part of nationwide local elections to elect the mayor and vice mayor of Balikpapan, East Kalimantan for a five-year term. The previous election was held in 2020. Mayor Rahmad Mas'ud of Golkar won the election in a landslide with 59% of the vote. The Democratic Party's Muhammad Sa'bani placed second with 25%, followed by Rendi Susiswo Ismail of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), who received 15%.

2024 Indonesian local elections
Local executive elections (Indonesian: Pemilihan Kepala Daerah or Pilkada) to elect governors, mayors and regents in Indonesia were held on 27 November 2024 across 545 regions: 37 provinces, 415 regencies and 93 cities, which covered all provinces except Yogyakarta Special Region and all cities/regencies except the constituents of Jakarta. The previous local executive elections were held in 2020. The elections was the first time regional leaders are all elected simultaneously nationwide in Indonesia.

The elections saw major gains for President Prabowo Subianto's Gerindra party, while the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle suffered losses in key races, especially in Central and East Java. Golkar and PKS also suffered setbacks. Most elected leaders were sworn in on 20 February 2025, but 26 races had to be repeated in 2025.
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2011 – Women's 10 kilometre classical
The Women's 10 kilometre classical at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2011 was held on 28 February 2011 at 13:00 CET. A 5 km qualifying event took place on 23 February. The defending world champion was Finland's Aino-Kaisa Saarinen while the defending Olympic champion (on freestyle) was Sweden's Charlotte Kalla.

Cross-country skiing at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Women's 10 kilometre freestyle
The women's 10 kilometre freestyle cross-country skiing competition at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Canada was held on February 15 at Whistler Olympic Park in Whistler, British Columbia at 10:00 PST.

Each skier starts at 30-second intervals, skiing the entire 10 kilometre course. Estonia's Kristina Šmigun-Vähi was the defending Olympic champion in this event though it was held in the classical style. Aino-Kaisa Saarinen on Finland was the defending world champion though that event was also held in the classical style. The final World Cup event in women's 10 km freestyle prior to the 2010 Games took place on February 5 at Canmore, Alberta and was won by Sweden's Charlotte Kalla.

Šmigun-Vähi won silver in this event, Saarinen would finish 15th, and Kalla would win gold. Kalla is the Sweden's first female individual gold medalist in cross-country skiing since Toini Gustafsson's 5 km win at Grenoble in 1968.
Apterachalcus
Apterachalcus is a genus of flies in the family Dolichopodidae. It has only one described species, Apterachalcus borboroides, known from New Zealand. It was originally described by Harold Oldroyd in 1955, who placed the species in Acropsilus. However, Daniel J. Bickel determined that the species did not belong to Acropsilus, and created a new genus for it in 1991.

It is wingless and somewhat laterally compressed, giving it a somewhat flea-like appearance. It has been found in the Auckland Islands and Campbell Island in the New Zealand subantarctic. This or closely related undescribed species have also been found at high altitude above the Paparoa Range and Stewart Island.

The generic name is derived from the stem apter- of apteros (Greek for "wingless") and  Achalcus, the name of a closely related genus.

Paparoa Range
The Paparoa Range is a mountain range in the West Coast region of New Zealand's South Island. It was the first New Zealand land seen by a European – Abel Tasman in 1642. Part of the range has the country's highest protection as a national park; the Paparoa National Park was established in 1987. Within that park, the Cave Creek disaster occurred in 1995.
Scheibenschlagen
Scheibenschlagen (disk flinging) is a traditional event in Central Europe in which glowing wooden disks (10 x 10 cm / 4 x 4 inches) are flung from a long hazelnut stick off a mountain side into the valley below.

Mals
Mals (German pronunciation: [mals]; Italian: Malles Venosta [ˈmallez veˈnɔsta]) is a comune (municipality) and a village in South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Bolzano, on the border with Switzerland and Austria.
Alachua County Labor Coalition
The Alachua County Labor Coalition (ACLC) is a nonprofit organization in Alachua County, Florida, that advocates for working people. The organization was formerly known as the Alachua County Labor Party and traces its roots to the national Labor Party's call in 1996 for a new political party as a reaction to the conservative, neoliberal New Democrat movement.

The ACLC has played a significant role in political campaigns in North Florida. As of September 2022, the co-chairs of the ACLC Executive Committee are Melissa Hawthorne and Jenn Powell.

Labor Party (United States, 1996)
The Labor Party (LP) was a social democratic political party in the United States of America. LP formed at a national convention of unions and labor activists in 1996.

The LP collapsed after its founder, Tony Mazzocchi, died in 2002. The party became defunct in 2007, except for the branch in South Carolina, which became the South Carolina Workers Party.
Malcolm de Chazal
Malcolm de Chazal (12 September 1902 – 1 October 1981) was a Mauritian writer, painter, and visionary, known especially for his Sens-Plastique, a work consisting of several thousand aphorisms and pensées.

Aphorism
An aphorism (from Greek ἀφορισμός: aphorismos, denoting 'delimitation', 'distinction', and 'definition') is a concise, terse, laconic, or memorable expression of a general truth or principle. Aphorisms are often handed down by tradition from generation to generation.

The concept is generally distinct from those of an adage, brocard, chiasmus, epigram, maxim (legal or philosophical), principle, proverb, and saying; although some of these concepts could be construed as types of aphorism.

Often aphorisms are distinguished from other short sayings by the need for interpretation to make sense of them. In A Theory of the Aphorism, Andrew Hui defined an aphorism as "a short saying that requires interpretation".

A famous example is:

You cannot step into the same river twice.
Lemon Grove Kids Meet the Monsters
Lemon Grove Kids Meet the Monsters is a trilogy of short films released during 1965.  The films are homages to the Bowery Boys film series which lasted from the mid-1940s to the late 1950s.

Each film of the trilogy features the antics of the bumbling Lemon Grove Kids. They are titled The Lemon  Grove Kids, The Lemon Grove Kids Meet the Green Grasshopper and the Vampire Lady from Outer Space, and The Lemon Grove Kids Go Hollywood!.  Filmmaker Ray Dennis Steckler created the characters, wrote 'Hollywood', and  directed the first film of the trilogy. He also features in each segment, billed as Cash Flagg. The three shorts were edited into a comedy horror feature film, The Lemon Grove Kids Meet The Monsters. For theatrical showings, the film was interrupted by the film's mummy going into the audience.

Keith A. Wester
Keith A. Wester (February 21, 1940 – November 1, 2002) was an American sound engineer. He was nominated for six Academy Awards in the category Best Sound. He worked on nearly 60 films between 1966 and 2002.
Andres Oper
Andres Oper (born 7 November 1977) is an Estonian football coach and former professional player. With 38 goals in 134 appearances, Oper is Estonia's all-time record goalscorer.

Oper played as a forward for Lelle, Flora, Tervis Pärnu, AaB, Torpedo Moscow, Roda JC, Shanghai Shenhua, ADO Den Haag, AEK Larnaca, Nea Salamina and the Estonia national team. Oper was named Estonian Footballer of the Year three times, in 1999, 2002 and 2005, and won the Estonian Silverball award twice; in 2001 and 2005.

Estonian Cup
The Estonian Cup (Estonian: Eesti Karikas) is the national knockout competition in Estonian football. In 2012, the competition was unofficially rebranded as Evald Tipner's Cup. The winner will compete in the UEFA Conference League first qualifying round.
Roman Popov (ice hockey)
Roman Popov (born May 3, 1980) is a Russian former professional ice hockey defenceman.

Popov played in the Russian Superleague and Kontinental Hockey League for HC CSK VVS Samara, HC Sibir Novosibirsk, HC MVD and Metallurg Novokuznetsk

Metallurg Novokuznetsk
Metallurg Novokuznetsk (Russian: Металлург Новокузнецк Shor: Металлург Аба-тура) is a professional ice hockey team from Siberia based in Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. They are currently members of the Supreme Hockey League (VHL).
Hironaka decomposition
In mathematics, a Hironaka decomposition is a representation of an algebra over a field as a finitely generated free module over a polynomial subalgebra or a regular local ring. Such decompositions are named after Heisuke Hironaka, who used this in his unpublished master's thesis at Kyoto University (Nagata 1962, p.217).

Hironaka's criterion (Nagata 1962, theorem 25.16), sometimes called the miracle flatness theorem, states that a local ring R that is a finitely generated module over a regular Noetherian local ring S is Cohen–Macaulay if and only if it is a free module over S. There is a similar result for rings that are graded over a field rather than local.

Graded ring
In mathematics, in particular abstract algebra, a graded ring is a ring such that the underlying additive group is a direct sum of abelian groups  such that ⁠⁠. The index set is usually the set of nonnegative integers or the set of integers, but can be any monoid. The direct sum decomposition is usually referred to as gradation or grading.

A graded module is defined similarly (see below for the precise definition). It generalizes graded vector spaces. A graded module that is also a graded ring is called a graded algebra. A graded ring could also be viewed as a graded ⁠⁠-algebra.

The associativity is not important (in fact not used at all) in the definition of a graded ring; hence, the notion applies to non-associative algebras as well; e.g., one can consider a graded Lie algebra.
Fencing at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's team foil
The men's team foil was a fencing event held as part of the fencing programme at the 1904 Summer Olympics. It was the first time a team fencing event was held at the Olympics. 2 teams of 3 fencers each competed.

Foil (fencing)
A foil is one of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. It is a flexible weapon of total length 110 cm (43 in) or under, rectangular in cross section, weighing under 500 g (18 oz), with a blunt tip. As with the épée, points are only scored by making contact with the tip. The foil is the most commonly used weapon in fencing.
1955 London County Council election
An election to the County Council of London took place on 31 March 1955. The council was elected by First Past the Post with each elector having three votes in the three-member seats. The Conservative Party made significant gains, but the Labour Party retained a substantial majority.

The size of the council was cut by three members, with Fulham East, Fulham West and Hammersmith South abolished, and replaced in part by the new constituencies of Barons Court and Fulham.  This mirrored changes to constituencies for the House of Commons which were implemented at the 1955 general election, shortly afterwards.

Hammersmith South (London County Council constituency)
Hammersmith South was a constituency used for elections to the London County Council between 1919 and 1955.  The seat shared boundaries with the UK Parliament constituency of the same name.  Part was moved into Hammersmith North, and the remainder became part of a new Barons Court constituency.
Identity card BES
The Identity card BES (locally also known as sedula) is a uniform identity card for residents in the Caribbean Netherlands introduced upon the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles in 2010. The cards are machine-readable and have the size of a credit card. The front contains the words Identiteitskaart (English: Identity card) followed by the island names Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (with the name of the island where the card is issued in larger font and bold face). The card also contains the coat of arms of the island of issue.

Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles
The Netherlands Antilles was an autonomous Caribbean country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It was dissolved on 10 October 2010.

After dissolution, the "BES islands" of the Dutch Caribbean—Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba—became the Caribbean Netherlands, "special municipalities" of the Netherlands proper—a structure that only exists in the Caribbean.  Meanwhile Curaçao and Sint Maarten became constituent countries within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the same status as Aruba gained before, when separated from the Netherlands Antilles on 1 January 1986.
Sirgala training area
Sirgala training area is one of the six military training fields used by the Estonian Defence Forces. It is located in Mustanina village, Narva-Jõesuu municipality, Ida-Viru County in northeastern Estonia, and covers approximately 3,000 ha (7,400 acres).

Estonian Defence Forces
The Estonian Defence Forces, EDF (Estonian: Eesti Kaitsevägi), is the unified military force of the Republic of Estonia. The Estonian Defence Forces consists of the Estonian Land Forces, the Estonian Navy, the Estonian Air Force, and the paramilitary Estonian Defence League. The national defence policy aims to guarantee the preservation of the independence and sovereignty of the state and maintain the integrity of its land area, territorial waters, airspace, and constitutional order. Its main goals remain the development and maintenance of a credible capability to defend the nation's vital interests and of the defence forces in a way that ensures their interoperability with the armed forces of NATO and European Union member states in order to participate in the full range of missions for these military alliances.
Comamonas thiooxydans
Comamonas thiooxydans is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Comamonas and  family  Comamonadaceae, which was isolated from a sulfur spring. C. thiooxydans has the ability to oxidize thiosulfate.

Comamonas sp. strain E6 (NBRC 107749), isolated from soil, is known for its ability to oxidize phthalate isomers such as terephthalic acid. Its genome has been sequenced as GCF_001010305.1. Based on this genome, the GTDB assigns strain E6 to Comamonas thiooxydans.

Thiosulfate
Thiosulfate (IUPAC-recommended spelling; sometimes thiosulphate in British English) is an oxyanion of sulfur with the chemical formula S2O2−3. Thiosulfate also refers to the compounds containing this anion, which are the salts of thiosulfuric acid, such as sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) and ammonium thiosulfate ((NH4)2S2O3).  Thiosulfate salts occur naturally. Thiosulfate rapidly dechlorinates water, and is  used to halt bleaching in the paper-making industry. Thiosulfate salts are mainly used for dyeing in textiles, and bleaching of natural substances.
Devendrakulam
Devendrakula Vellalar (also referred to as Devendrar and Devendrakulam) is an umbrella term for seven castes in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu such as Devendrakulathar, Kalladi, Kudumbar, Pallar(Mallar), Pannadi , Moopar and Vathiriyar, after the bill amending the list of Scheduled Castes belonging to the state in the Tamil Nadu as per the conditions of Article 341 in the Part 16 of the Constitution of India at the Parliament of India in 2021.

Puthiya Tamilagam
The Puthiya Tamilagam (transl. New Tamilagam; abbr. PT) is an Indian regional political party in Tamil Nadu. It was founded by the former member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly K. Krishnasamy on 15 December 1997.
Cicer reticulatum
Cicer reticulatum is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to southeastern Turkey. It is the wild progenitor of the cultivated chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and is found primarily near Savur in the Mardin district. The species is characterised by its prostrate growth habit, distinctive reticulated seed surface pattern, and strong genetic compatibility with domestic chickpeas. First described by the botanist Gideon Ladizinsky in 1975, C. reticulatum has demonstrated its close evolutionary relationship to cultivated chickpea through hybridisation experiments that produce fertile offspring and through genomic studies showing 99.93% similarity between their chloroplast genomes. It grows naturally alongside wild peas and lentils in what is historically known as part of the Fertile Crescent.

Offspring
In biology, offspring are the young creation of living organisms, produced either by sexual or asexual reproduction. Collective offspring may be known as a brood or progeny. This can refer to a set of simultaneous offspring, such as the chicks hatched from one clutch of eggs, or to all offspring produced over time, as with the honeybee.  Offspring can occur after mating, artificial insemination, or as a result of cloning.

Human offspring (descendants) are referred to as children; male children are sons and female children are daughters (see Kinship).
Borki Drużbińskie
Borki Drużbińskie [ˈbɔrki druʐˈbiɲskʲɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pęczniew, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) north-east of Pęczniew, 12 km (7 mi) south-west of Poddębice, and 46 km (29 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Poddębice
Poddębice [pɔdːɛmˈbʲit͡sɛ] is a town in central Poland, in Łódź Voivodeship. It is the capital of Poddębice County. It lies approximately 40 km (25 mi) northwest of Łódź. Population is 7,245 (2020). It is located within the historic Łęczyca Land.
Quaife (surname)
Quaife is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adrian Quaife-Hobbs (born 1991), British racing driver

Alan Quaife (1945–2019), Australian rules footballer

Barzillai Quaife (1798–1873), British-born editor

Bernard Quaife (1899–1984), English cricketer

Darlene Quaife (born 1948), Canadian novelist

Frank Quaife (1905–1968), English cricketer

Geoffrey Robert Quaife, Australian social historian

John Quaife (born 1955), retired senior officer of the Royal Australian Air Force

Milo Quaife (1880–1959), American historian

Phil Quaife (born 1986), British racing driver

Pete Quaife (1943–2010), English musician, artist and author

Walter Quaife (1864–1943), English cricketer

Willie Quaife (1872–1951), English cricketer

Willie Quaife
William George Quaife (17 March 1872 – 13 October 1951) was a cricketer who played for Sussex, Warwickshire and England. He also played representative hockey for the Midlands. At the age of 56 years and 139 days, Quaife is the oldest cricketer to score a century in a County Championship match, doing so in the 1928 tournament. He is also the oldest cricketer to take a five-wicket haul in the County Championship, taking three five-wicket hauls in the 1926 tournament at the age of 54.
Benjamin Elazari Volcani
Benjamin Elazari Volcani (Hebrew: בנימין אלעזרי-וולקני; born 4 January 1915, died 1 February 1999) was an Israeli microbiologist who discovered life in the Dead Sea and pioneered biological silicon research at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego.

Rehovot
Rehovot (Hebrew: רחובות, romanized: Reḥōvōt, pronounced [ʁeχoˈvot] / [ʁeˈχovot]) is a city in the Central District of Israel, about 20 kilometers (12 miles) south of Tel Aviv. In 2023 it had a population of 153,416.
Ogi Ogas
Ogi Ogas (born c. 1971) is an American writer and computational neuroscientist. As of May 2016, he is a visiting scholar at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, where he serves as Project Head for the Individual Mastery Project. Ogas is also known for his participation in game shows, especially Grand Slam (2007) and Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (2006). His Erdős-Bacon number is 7.

Erdős–Bacon number
A person's Erdős–Bacon number is the sum of their Erdős number—which measures the "collaborative distance" in authoring academic papers between that person and Hungarian mathematician Paul Erdős—and their Bacon number—which represents the number of links, through roles in films, by which the person is separated from American actor Kevin Bacon. The lower the number, the closer a person is to Erdős and Bacon, which reflects a small world phenomenon in academia and entertainment.

To have a defined Erdős–Bacon number, it is necessary to have both appeared in a film and co-authored an academic paper, although this in and of itself is not sufficient as one's co-authors must have a known chain leading to Paul Erdős, and one's film must have actors eventually leading to Kevin Bacon.
Nachtigal
Nachtigal is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gustav Nachtigal (1834–1885), German explorer

Jacob M. Nachtigal (1874–1947), American architect, of Omaha, Nebraska

Johann Karl Christoph Nachtigal (1753–1819), German theologian and philologist

Ralph Nachtigal (1933–2014), American politician

Gustav Nachtigal
Gustav Nachtigal (German: [ˈɡʊstaf ˈnaxtɪɡal]; born 23 February 1834 – 20 April 1885) was a German military surgeon and explorer of Central and West Africa. He is also known as the German Empire's consul-general for Tunisia and Commissioner for West Africa. His mission as commissioner resulted in Togoland and Kamerun becoming the first colonies of a German colonial empire.
Hart 1030 engine
The Hart 1030 is a four-stroke, naturally aspirated, 3.0-litre, V10 racing engine, designed, developed and tuned by Brian Hart of Hart Racing Engines, between 1998 and 1999. It was the last engine to be tuned and made by Hart, and the last engine to use design knowledge and technological property of Hart Racing Engines. It produced 700–715 hp (522–533 kW), and was used solely by the Arrows team, but proved to be unsuccessful. The best results for the engine were a 4-6 finish at Monaco for Mika Salo and Pedro Diniz (respectively), a 5th-place finish for Pedro Diniz at infamous rain-soaked Belgian Grand Prix, and a 6th-place finish for Pedro de la Rosa at Australia, in 1999.

Naturally aspirated engine
A naturally aspirated engine, also known as a normally aspirated engine, and abbreviated to N/A or NA, is an internal combustion engine in which air intake depends solely on atmospheric pressure and does not have forced induction through a turbocharger or a supercharger.