hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ruby laser
A ruby laser is a solid-state laser that uses a synthetic ruby crystal as its gain medium. The first working laser was a ruby laser made by Theodore H. Maiman at Hughes Research Laboratories on May 16, 1960.

Ruby lasers produce pulses of coherent visible light at a wavelength of 694.3 nm, which is a deep red color. Typical ruby laser pulse lengths are on the order of a millisecond.

Millisecond
A millisecond (from milli- and second; symbol: ms) is a unit of time in the International System of Units equal to one thousandth (0.001 or 10−3 or 1/1000) of a second or 1000 microseconds.

A millisecond is to one second, as one second is to approximately 16.67 minutes.

A unit of 10 milliseconds may be called a centisecond, and one of 100 milliseconds a decisecond, but these names are rarely used.
To help compare orders of magnitude of different times, this page lists times between 10−3 seconds and 100 seconds (1 millisecond and one second). See also times of other orders of magnitude.
Haverstock (ward)
Haverstock is a ward in the London Borough of Camden, in the United Kingdom. The ward has existed since the May 2002 local elections and covers most of the Haverstock and Chalk Farm areas.

In 2018, the ward had an electorate of 9,115. The Boundary Commission projects the electorate to rise to 9,355 in 2025.

London Borough of Camden
The London Borough of Camden (/ˈkæmdən/ ⓘ) is a borough in Inner London, England. Camden Town Hall, on Euston Road, lies 1.4 mi (2.3 km) north of Charing Cross. The borough was established on 1 April 1965 from the former metropolitan boroughs of Holborn,  St Pancras and Hampstead.

To the south it shares with the City of Westminster parts of the West End, where it also borders the City of London. The cultural and commercial land uses in the south contrast with the bustling mixed-use districts such as Camden Town and Kentish Town in the centre and leafy residential areas around Hampstead Heath in the north. Well known attractions include The British Museum, The British Library, the famous views from Parliament Hill, the London Zoo, the BT Tower, the converted Roundhouse entertainment venue, and Camden Market. As of 2021 it has a population of 210,136. Politically, its local authority is Camden London Borough Council.
2003 Norwegian Second Division
The 2003 2. divisjon season was the third highest football league for men in Norway.

26 games were played in 4 groups, with 3 points given for wins and 1 for draws. Pors Grenland, Kongsvinger, Vard Haugesund and Tromsdalen were promoted to the 1. divisjon. Number twelve, thirteen and fourteen were relegated to the 3. divisjon. The winning teams from each of the 24 groups in the 3. divisjon each faced a winning team from another group in a playoff match, resulting in 12 playoff winners which were promoted to the 2. divisjon.

Tromsdalen UIL
Tromsdalen UIL is a Norwegian sports club founded in 1938, from Tromsdalen in the municipality of Tromsø. It has sections for football, athletics, skiing and gymnastics.

The men's football team plays in 2. divisjon, the third level in Norwegian football. Their home games are played at Tromsdalen Stadion, which seats 3,000 spectators.  Their colors are red and blue.
Diego Luz
Diego Alexander Luz Pizarro (born 3 July 1990) is an Uruguayan professional footballer who played for Club Sportivo Miramar Misiones, Club Atlético Rentistas, Central Español Fútbol Club and Huracán del Paso de la Arena. Known for playmaking skills, range of passing and crossing ability, bending free-kicks with both legs and head goals. Since 2017 he plays for Huracán Buceo.

Miramar Misiones
Club Sportivo Miramar Misiones, usually known simply as Miramar Misiones is a Uruguayan football club based in Montevideo. The club was formed from the merger of two clubs: Miramar (founded on 17 October 1915) and Misiones (founded on 26 March 1906), in June 1980. As part of the merger, the new strip for the new club was a mixture of those of the previous two clubs. The home strip (white and black) is the old Miramar strip, and the away strip was the one used by Misiones. What made this merger notable was that Miramar and Misiones were local derby rivals, having both originated in the same neighbourhood of Montevideo.

Previous to the creation of this club, Miramar also merged with legendary club Albion in 1976, forming 'Albion Miramar'. However, this entity lasted for only 2 seasons.
1904 Delaware football team
The 1904 Delaware football team represented Delaware College—now known as the University of Delaware–as an independent during the 1904 college football season. Led by second-year head coach Nathan Mannakee, Delaware compiled a record of 1–5–1.

1904 college football season
The 1904 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Michigan, Minnesota, and Penn as having been selected national champions.

1904 was a big year for the South. It was the first year for: Dan McGugin at Vanderbilt, Mike Donahue at Auburn, and John Heisman at Georgia Tech.
Kinangop Wind Park
The 60.8 MW Kinangop Wind Park (KWP) project in Nyandarua County, Kenya. was the first fully licensed, independent large-scale wind farm to reach financial close in Kenya and on completion (scheduled for Q2 2015) was due to deliver electricity derived from renewable energy to circa 150,000 Kenyan households, via KPLC and the national grid.

Kenya Power and Lighting Company
Kenya Power and Lighting Company, commonly referred to as Kenya Power or shortened KPLC, is a public liability company which transmits, distributes and retails electricity to customers throughout Kenya.
All My Sons (film)
All My Sons is a 1948 film noir drama directed by Irving Reis and starring Edward G. Robinson and Burt Lancaster. The supporting cast features Louisa Horton, Mady Christians, Howard Duff, Arlene Francis, and Harry Morgan. The film is based on Arthur Miller's 1946 play of the same name. It was produced and distributed by Universal Pictures.

Arthur Miller
Arthur Asher Miller (October 17, 1915 – February 10, 2005) was an American actor and writer of plays in the 20th-century American theater. Among his most popular plays are All My Sons (1947), Death of a Salesman (1949), The Crucible (1953), and A View from the Bridge (1955). He wrote several screenplays, including The Misfits (1961). The drama Death of a Salesman is considered one of the best American plays of the 20th century.

Miller was often in the public eye, particularly during the late 1940s, 1950s and early 1960s. During this time, he received a Pulitzer Prize for Drama, testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee, and married Marilyn Monroe. In 1980, he received the St. Louis Literary Award from the Saint Louis University Library Associates. He received the Praemium Imperiale prize in 2001, the Prince of Asturias Award in 2002, and the Jerusalem Prize in 2003, and the Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize in 1999.
KJ Muldoon
Kyle Muldoon Jr. (medical identification KJ, born 1 August 2024) is the first person to have received personalized gene therapy using CRISPR gene editing.

Born with an extremely rare (one in a million) genetic condition with metabolic disorder, called the neonatal-onset carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS1) deficiency, he was given a genome tailored gene for CPS1 in 2025 that helped him to acquire normal urea cycle and normal ammonia metabolism.

The gene-editing technique for his condition was developed by Rebecca C. Ahrens-Nicklas and Kiran Musunuru in 2024, and treatment was completed in April 2025, which was reported in The New England Journal of Medicine. He is listed in the Nature's 10 of 2025 as the "Trailblazing baby" as the first person saved by personalized CRISPR gene editing.

Metabolic disorder
A metabolic disorder is a disorder that negatively alters the body's processing and distribution of macronutrients, such as proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Metabolic disorders can happen when abnormal chemical reactions in the body alter the normal metabolic process. It can also be defined as inherited single gene anomaly, most of which are autosomal recessive.
Alsophylax ferganensis
Alsophylax ferganensis, commonly known as the Fergana even-fingered gecko, is a species of gecko in the family Gekkonidae. It is the smallest gecko within the genus Alsophylax. It was discovered and described in 2023 in the Fergana Valley by Russian, American, and Uzbek herpetologists. Alsophylax ferganensis is a narrow-range endemic species restricted to the Fergana Valley in Uzbekistan.

Gekkonidae
Gekkonidae (the common geckos) is the largest family of geckos, containing over 950 described species in 62 genera. The Gekkonidae contain many of the most widespread gecko species, including house geckos (Hemidactylus), the tokay gecko (Gekko), day geckos (Phelsuma), the  mourning gecko (Lepidodactylus), and dtellas (Gehyra). Gekkonid geckos occur globally and are particularly diverse in tropical areas. Many species of these geckos exhibit an adhering ability to surfaces through Van der Waals forces utilizing intermolecular forces between molecules of their setae (foot hair) and molecules of the surface they are on.

The genus Hemidactylus is one of the most species-rich and widely distributed of all reptile genera.
Tulane Green Wave track and field
The Tulane Green Wave track and field team is the track and field program that represents Tulane University. The Green Wave compete in NCAA Division I as a member of the American Athletic Conference. The team is based in New Orleans, Louisiana at the Danny Thiel Track.

The program is coached by Adrian Myers. The track and field program officially encompasses four teams, as the NCAA regards men's and women's indoor track and field and outdoor track and field as separate sports.

Gloria Asumnu and Tharushi Karunarathna, both runners, are the only athletes that have represented Tulane at the Olympics, however Tulane sprinter Herman Neugass qualified for the 1936 Summer Olympics but refused to compete.

Gloria Asumnu
Gloria Asumnu (born 22 May 1985) is a Nigerian sprinter.  As she was born in the United States, she previously represented them in international competitions, before switching to represent Nigeria.  She changed nationality in 2011, on her second application, the first having been denied by the IAAF.

She was born in Houston, Texas, ran for Alief Elsik High School and Tulane University.
Sobremesa
Sobremesa (Spanish: “upon the table”) is the Spanish tradition of relaxing at the table after a meal.

During sobremesa, conversation is freely had. Depending on the habits of the area or country in question, coffee, tea, or a small liqueur or aguardiente (in a shot glass) is generally served, or a cigar may be smoked.

The 'sobremesa hour' is one of Spain's main TV primetimes.

Liqueur
A liqueur (UK: /lɪˈkjʊər/ ⓘ li-KURE, US: /lɪˈkɜːr/ li-KUR; French: [likœʁ]) is an alcoholic drink composed of spirits (often rectified spirit) and additional flavorings such as sugar, fruits, herbs, and spices. Often served with or after dessert, they are typically heavily sweetened and un-aged, beyond a resting period during production, when necessary, for their flavors to mingle.

Liqueurs are historical descendants of herbal medicines. They were made in France as early as the 13th century, often prepared by monks (for example, Chartreuse). Today they are produced all over the world, commonly served neat, over ice, with coffee, in cocktails, and used in cooking.
Mal Bellairs
Mal Bellairs (born November 9, 1919 – July 12, 2010) was a well-known Chicago-area radio and television personality during the second half of the 20th century. He was named a National Radio Hall of Fame Regional Pioneer by the Illinois Broadcasters Association.

WBBM (AM)
WBBM (780 kHz) – branded Newsradio 105.9 WBBM – is a commercial all-news AM radio station licensed to serve Chicago, Illinois. Owned by Audacy, Inc., its studios are located at Two Prudential Plaza in the Chicago Loop, while the station's transmitter—diplexed with sister station WSCR—is in the nearby suburb of Bloomingdale.

WBBM is a Class A station that broadcasts on a clear-channel AM frequency, powered with 35,000 watts by day and 42,000 watts at night, using a non-directional antenna. Its daytime signal provides at least grade B coverage to most of the northern two-thirds of Illinois (as far south as Springfield) as well as large portions of Wisconsin, Iowa, Michigan and Indiana. Its city-grade coverage reaches as far north as Milwaukee. At night, WBBM can be heard across much of North America under favorable conditions, but is strongest in the Midwest.

In addition to a standard analog transmission, WBBM is simulcast over WCFS-FM (105.9), and is available online via Audacy.
Torino Lingotto railway station
Torino Lingotto railway station is one of the main stations serving the city and comune of Turin, capital of the region of Piedmont, northwestern Italy.  The Torino Lingotto metro station is located nearby, and opened on March 6, 2011.

Opened in 1960, the station is the third most important in Turin, after Torino Porta Nuova and Torino Porta Susa.  It forms part of the Turin–Genoa main line, and is also a stop on three secondary railways, which link Turin with Pinerolo, Cuneo and Savona, respectively.

The station is managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI). Most train services are operated by Trenitalia.  Each of these companies is a subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato (FS), Italy's state-owned rail company.  The remaining train services are operated by GTT, a public benefit corporation responsible for public transportation in the provinces of Turin, Alessandria, Cuneo and Asti, and Arenaways, an open-access railway operator that began passenger operations in November 2010.

Northwest Italy
Northwest Italy (Italian: Italia nord-occidentale or just Nord-ovest) is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), a first level NUTS region and a European Parliament constituency. Northwest encompasses four of the country's 20 regions:

Aosta Valley

Liguria

Lombardy

Piedmont
La Tournée des grands espaces
La Tournée des grands espaces (The wide spaces tour) is the fourth live album by Alain Bashung, issued in 2004 on Barclay Records. It documents the 2003-2004 tour which followed the album L'Imprudence.

Barclay (record label)
Barclay is a French Universal Music Group record label, originally owned by Eddie Barclay in 1953. Barclay previously established Riviera-LM Records in 1951.

Eddie was a bandleader, pianist, producer and nightclub owner. With his wife and vocalist, Nicole, he started a record company. It published the work of Stéphane Grappelli, Lionel Hampton and Rhoda Scott, among others. In 1978, he sold 40% to PolyGram Records. Jazz issues ceased in 1983.

Barclay's catalogue includes the works of Hugues Aufray, Charles Aznavour, Alain Bashung, Jacques Brel, Bertrand Cantat, Les Chaussettes Noires, Dalida, Jean Ferrat,  Léo Ferré, Nino Ferrer, Jimi Hendrix, Patrick Juvet, Fela Kuti, Femi Kuti, Danielle Licari, Mireille Mathieu, Mika, Eddy Mitchell, Modjo, Erik Montry, Noir Désir, Paradis, Henri Salvador, Emilie Simon, Rachid Taha and the Wild Magnolias.
Dead Men's Trousers
Dead Men's Trousers is a 2018 novel by Scottish writer Irvine Welsh. It is a sequel to his earlier books Trainspotting, Porno, Skagboys and The Blade Artist. Set in 2015, it follows the characters Renton, Sick Boy, Spud and Begbie as they meet up again as middle-aged men.

Porno (novel)
Porno is a 2002 novel by Scottish writer Irvine Welsh, the sequel to Trainspotting. The book follows the characters of Trainspotting ten years after the events of the earlier book, as their paths cross again, this time with the pornography business as the backdrop rather than heroin use (although numerous drugs, particularly cocaine, are mentioned throughout). A number of characters from Glue make an appearance as well. A film tie-in edition of the novel titled T2 Trainspotting was released in 2017 to coincide with the release of the film adaptation of the same name.

This novel picks up some ideas of the film adaptation of Trainspotting. One example is the fact that "Spud" has received his share of the drug money, which is shown in the film, but only alluded to in the book.
Anything Goes (Australian TV series)
Anything Goes was an early Australian television variety series which aired on Melbourne station GTV-9. Broadcast on Wednesdays at 8:00 PM, it aired from 23 January to 20 February 1957.

It was hosted by Geoff Corke and Beverley Stewart, with episodes including audience participation, interviews and music with a guest vocalist.

Competition in the time-slot consisted of U.S. imports Ford Theatre (re-titled Kraft TV Theatre) and Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., Presents (re-titled Chesebrough-Ponds Playhouse) on HSV-7, while ABV-2 offered U.S. imports I Spy and Startime

The hour-long series was replaced by two local productions, game show The Dulux Show at 8:00 PM, with discussion series Leave It to the Girls at 8:30 PM (for two weeks this slot was held by U.S. anthology series episodes).

Geoff Corke
Cuthbert Geoffrey Corke (30 December 1934 - 1 May 1993) was an Australian radio and television presenter.

He became one of the first people to appear on television in Melbourne when he introduced GTV-9's test transmissions in 1956.
Louisa Lippmann
Louisa-Christin Lippmann (born 23 September 1994) is a German volleyball player. She plays as an outside hitter or opposite and has over 100 appearances for the Germany women's national volleyball team. At club level, she played for Lokomotiv Kaliningrad. Lippmann played in many international competitions (FIVB World Championships, FIVB World Grand Prix, FIVB Nations League, European Championships, European Leagues, European Games) and won the German league, cup and supercup with the clubs she played for. She transitioned 2022 to beach volleyball and represented Germany at the 2024 Summer Olympics partnering with former gold medallist Laura Ludwig.

Beach volleyball at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament
The women's beach volleyball tournament at the 2024 Olympic Games in Paris, France, took place at Eiffel Tower Stadium on the Champ de Mars. The competition was held from 27 July to 9 August 2024. Twenty-four teams consisting of 48 athletes from 17 NOCs competed.
Lee Plemel
Lee A. Plemel (born September 19, 1966) is a former baseball pitcher. He won the 1988 College World Series Most Outstanding Player award while a senior at Stanford University. He is one of three players from Stanford University to win that award. The others are Paul Carey and John Hudgins.

He attended Laguna Hills High School before going to Stanford.

He played for the Alaska Goldpanners of the Alaska Baseball League in 1986.

Alaska Goldpanners of Fairbanks
The Alaska Goldpanners of Fairbanks are a collegiate summer baseball team which was founded in 1960 as an independent barnstorming team. The Goldpanners were charter members of the Alaska Baseball League at the league's inception in 1974, but left the league in 2015 to return to a barnstorming schedule. The Goldpanners play their home games at Growden Memorial Park in Fairbanks, Alaska, United States. They also host the annual Midnight Sun Game at their home venue.

Like other amateur collegiate summer baseball teams, the Goldpanners operate in a similar manner to professional minor league organizations: playing a nightly schedule, using wooden bats, and with lengthy road trips facing advanced competition. Due to Fairbanks' isolated location, the Goldpanners often play teams from the rest of Alaska and the West Coast of the Lower 48.
Frontier Services Group
Frontier Services Group (FSG) is a Chinese partially state-owned Africa-focused security, aviation, and logistics company founded and led until April 2021 by Erik Prince, the former head of Blackwater Worldwide. Prince has described FSG's main corporate mission as helping Chinese businesses to work safely in Africa. The company operates logistical projects for shipping routes in Africa, and also conducts high-risk evacuations from conflict zones. FSG's area of service has since expanded to the Belt and Road areas of Africa, Central Asia, and Southeast Asia.

Blackwater (company)
Constellis, formerly Blackwater, is an American private military contractor founded on December 26, 1997, by former Navy SEAL officer Erik Prince. It was renamed Xe Services in 2009, and was again renamed to Academi in 2011, after it was acquired by a group of private investors. In 2014, Academi merged with Triple Canopy to form Constellis Holdings.

Constellis and its predecessors provide contract security services to the United States federal government. Since 2003, it has provided services to the Central Intelligence Agency.

In 2007, Blackwater received widespread notoriety for the Nisour Square massacre in Baghdad, when a group of its employees killed 17 Iraqi civilians and injured 20. Four employees were convicted in the United States and were later pardoned on December 22, 2020, by President Donald Trump.
894 Erda
894 Erda (prov. designation: A918 LA or 1918 DT) is a bright background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 4 June 1918, by German astronomer Max Wolf at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory. The X-type asteroid has a short rotation period of 4.7 hours and measures approximately 37 kilometers (23 miles) in diameter. It was likely named after a character in Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen, "Erda", who is the goddess of wisdom, fate and Earth, borrowed from the Norse sagas, and referring to both Urðr and Jörð in Norse mythology.

Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory
Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory (German: Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl) is a historic astronomical observatory located near the summit of the Königstuhl hill in the city of Heidelberg in Germany. It is operated by the Center for Astronomy (ZAH) at the University of Heidelberg.

The predecessor of the current observatory was originally opened in 1774 in the nearby city of Mannheim but degradation of observational conditions there resulted in a relocation to the Königstuhl in 1898.

The Observatory facility have little value for current astronomical research of ZAH; research is done with the Gama Ray H.E.S.S in Namibia and ESO facilities in Chile.

Andreas Quirrenbach is the observatory's director since 2005.
Fishing gear and methods used in Uganda
Fishing gear and methods used in Uganda are both modern and traditional. Fish in Uganda are caught mostly with plank canoes and to a lesser extent, fiberglass boats. Some dugout canoes are also still being used. The plank canoes are generally 4–12 m (13.12–39.37 ft) in length and dugout canoes average 3.5 m (11.48 ft). The total number of vessels is about 17,000 and about 20% of these are motorized. Artisanal fishermen use various gear including gillnets, seines and hook and line. In a number of localities, traditional methods including baskets, traps and mosquito nets continue to be used. The gear commonly used includes gillnets, lift nets, scoop-nets used in light fishing; hook and line gear (hand-lines, fishing rods or tackles) and fish traps.

Canoe
A canoe is a lightweight, narrow water vessel, typically pointed at both ends and open on top, propelled by one or more seated or kneeling paddlers facing the direction of travel and using paddles.

In British English, the term canoe can also refer to a kayak, whereas canoes are then called Canadian or open canoes to distinguish them from kayaks. However, for official competition purposes, the American distinction between a kayak and a canoe is almost always adopted. At the Olympics, both conventions are used: under the umbrella terms Canoe Slalom and Canoe Sprint, there are separate events for canoes and kayaks.