hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Telephone game (game theory)
The Telephone game is an example of a coordination game potentially having more than one Nash equilibrium proposed by David Lewis. The game was based on a convention in Lewis's home town of Oberlin, Ohio that when a telephone call was cut off then the caller would redial the callee.

Oberlin, Ohio
Oberlin (/ˈoʊbərlɪn/) is a city in Lorain County, Ohio, United States. It is located about 31 miles (50 km) southwest of Cleveland within the Cleveland metropolitan area. The population was 8,555 at the 2020 census. Oberlin is the home of Oberlin College, a liberal arts college and music conservatory with approximately 3,000 students.

The town is the birthplace of the Anti-Saloon League and the Hall–Héroult process, the process of reducing aluminum from its fluoride salts by electrolysis, which made industrial production of aluminum possible.
S. Rm. M. family
The S. Rm. family is an Indian family of businessmen, industrialists and bankers from the town of Kanadukathan in the Sivaganga district of Tamil Nadu, India. The family is named after its ancestor, the popular 19th-century Nagarathar banker S. Rm. Muthiah Chettiar. The head of the family holds the honorific title Raja of Chettinad. The M. Ct. family has descended from one branch of the S. Rm. family.

Annamalai Chettiar is the maternal grandfather of India's former finance minister P. Chidambaram.

Sivaganga district
Sivaganga district is one of the 38 districts (an administrative district) in Tamil Nadu, the south Indian state. This district was formed on 15 March 1985 by trifurcation of Ramanathapuram district into Ramanathapuram, Virudhunagar and Sivaganga districts. The city of Sivaganga is the district headquarters, while Karaikudi is the most populous city in the district, administered by the Karaikudi Municipal Corporation. It is bounded by Pudukkottai district on the northeast, Tiruchirappalli district on the north, Ramanathapuram district on southeast, Virudhunagar district on southwest and Madurai district on the west. The area's other larger towns include Sivaganga, Kalayar Kovil, Devakottai, Manamadurai, Ilaiyangudi, Thiruppuvanam, Singampunari and Tiruppattur. As of 2011, the district had a population of 1,339,101 with a sex ratio of 1,003 females for every 1,000 males.
Worshipful Company of Chartered Surveyors
The Worshipful Company of Chartered Surveyors is one of the Livery Companies of the City of London. The organisation was granted Letters Patent in May 1977 and a Royal Charter 13 June 2013. The Company promotes surveying by awarding scholarships.

The Company ranks eighty-fifth in the order of precedence for Livery Companies. Its motto is Modus ab initio, which is Latin for "Method from the very beginning" and its church is St Lawrence Jewry The landscape painter Richard Howard Penton's drawings in Halls of the Livery Companies of the City of London were re-published in 1981 to mark their grant of livery status.

The Company does not have its own livery hall and meets and dines in a selection of the 35 different livery halls in London.

St Lawrence Jewry
St Lawrence Jewry next Guildhall is a Church of England guild church in the City of London on Gresham Street, next to the Guildhall. It was destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666, and rebuilt to the designs of Sir Christopher Wren. It is the official church of the Lord Mayor of London.
1864 Maryland gubernatorial election
The 1864 Maryland gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1864. Incumbent Union Party Governor Augustus Bradford did not run for re-election. Union Party candidate Thomas Swann defeated Democratic candidate Ezekiel F. Chambers.

The Union Party was a Southern Unionist political movement which supported the Lincoln administration. Most Unionists were former Whigs who had joined the Know Nothing movement in the 1850s, while a minority were Radical Republicans or War Democrats. The party supported the re-election of Abraham Lincoln under the banner of the National Union Party.

Swann took his oath of office on January 11, 1865, but by a provision of the 1864 State Constitution, he did not actually become Governor until January 10, 1866.

Thomas Swann
Thomas Swann (February 3, 1809 – July 24, 1883) was an American lawyer and politician who also was President of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad as it completed track to Wheeling and gained access to the Ohio River Valley. Initially a Know-Nothing, and later a Democrat, Swann served as the 19th Mayor of Baltimore (1856–1860), later as the 33rd Governor of Maryland (1866–1869), and subsequently as U.S. Representative ("Congressman") from Maryland's 3rd congressional district and then 4th congressional district (1869–1879), representing the Baltimore area.
John Griesemer
John Griesemer (born December 5, 1947 in Elizabeth, New Jersey) is an American author, journalist, and actor. He lives with his wife Faith Catlin (who acted in Ryan's Hope in the 1970s) and two children in New Hampshire. He is best known for his novel Signal and Noise.

Ryan's Hope
Ryan's Hope is an American soap opera created by Claire Labine and Paul Avila Mayer, airing for 13 years on ABC from July 7, 1975, to January 13, 1989. It revolves around the trials and tribulations within a large Irish-American family in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City.
Dhondia Wagh
Dhondia Wagh (died 10 September 1800) was a soldier and adventurer in 18th century India. He started his career in the service of Hyder Ali, the ruler of Mysore. During the Third Anglo-Mysore War, he deserted Ali's successor Tipu Sultan, and subsequently raided territories on the Maratha-Mysore border. After the Marathas forced him to retreat, he sought refuge from Tipu and converted to Islam, changing his name to Malik Jahan Khan. After Tipu's death in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, he raised a force comprising soldiers from the former Mysore Army, and took control of northern part of the Mysore Kingdom. He styled himself as Ubhaya-Lokadheeshwara ("King of two Worlds"). The British East India Company as well as the Maratha Peshwa sent armies to check his rising power. He was ultimately defeated and killed by a British force led by Arthur Wellesley.

Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
The Fourth Anglo-Mysore War was a conflict in South India between the Kingdom of Mysore against the British East India Company and the Hyderabad Deccan in 1798–99.

This was the last of the four Anglo-Mysore Wars. The British captured the capital of Mysore. The ruler, Tipu Sultan, was killed in the battle. Britain took indirect control of Mysore, restoring the Wadiyar dynasty to the Mysore throne (with a British commissioner to advise him on all issues). Tipu Sultan's young heir, Fateh Ali, was sent into exile. The Kingdom of Mysore became a princely state in a subsidiary alliance with British India covering parts of present day Kerala–Karnataka and ceded Coimbatore, Dakshina Kannada and Uttara Kannada to the British.
Le Son 7
Le Son 7 is a sound art gallery dedicated exclusively to audio. The gallery works with many artists to present different aspects of sound art including field recording, sound collage, poetics, artificial intelligence and found sound.

The works are presented on headphones and on loudspeakers and are sold in high quality WAV format as unique pieces.

Sound collage
In music, montage (literally "putting together") or sound collage ("gluing together") is a technique where newly branded sound objects or compositions, including songs, are created from collage, also known as musique concrète. This is often done through the use of sampling, while some sound collages are produced by gluing together sectors of different vinyl records. Like its visual cousin, sound collage works may have a completely different effect than that of the component parts, even if the original parts are recognizable or from a single source. Audio collage was a feature of the audio art of John Cage, Fluxus, postmodern hip-hop and postconceptual digital art.
Lehigh Valley Transit Company
The Lehigh Valley Transit Company (LVT) was a regional transport company that was headquartered in Allentown, Pennsylvania. The company began operations in 1901, as an urban trolley and interurban rail transport company. It operated successfully into the 1930s, but struggled financially during the Great Depression, and was saved from abandonment by a dramatic ridership increase during and following World War II.

In 1951, LVT once again financially struggled, and ended its 36-mile (58 km) interurban rail service from Allentown to Philadelphia. In 1952, it ended its Allentown-area local trolley service. It operated local bus service in the Allentown, Bethlehem, and Easton areas in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania until ultimately going out of business in 1972.

Souderton, Pennsylvania
Souderton is a borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 7,246 in 2022.

Souderton formerly hosted the end of the annual Bucks County Classic, a professional bicycle race.
Ring-necked francolin
The ring-necked francolin (Scleroptila streptophora) is a bird species in the family Phasianidae.  It is found in Burundi, Cameroon, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda. Rarer than previously believed, it was uplisted from a species of Least Concern to Near Threatened status in the 2007 IUCN Red List. This status persisted until the most recent assessment on 8th July 2024, when it was returned to Least Concern.

Near-threatened species
A near-threatened species is a species which has been categorized as "Near Threatened" (NT) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as that may be vulnerable to endangerment in the near future, but it does not currently qualify for the threatened status.

The IUCN notes the importance of reevaluating near-threatened taxa at appropriate intervals.

The rationale used for near-threatened taxa usually includes the criteria of vulnerable which are plausible or nearly met, such as reduction in numbers or range. Those designated since 2001 that depend on conservation efforts to not become threatened are no longer separately considered conservation-dependent species.
1991 Grand Prix (snooker)
The 1991 Rothmans Grand Prix was a professional snooker tournament and the second of ten WPBSA ranking events in the 1991/1992 season, following the Dubai Classic and preceding the UK Championship. It was held from 14 to 27 October 1991 at the Hexagon Theatre in Reading, England.

Stephen Hendry successfully defended the title by defeating Steve Davis 10–6 in the final. This was Hendry's third Grand Prix and his 12th ranking title overall.

Rothmans International
Rothmans International PLC was a British tobacco manufacturer. Its brands included Rothmans, Player's and Dunhill, all of which are still sold (mainly by British American Tobacco). Its international headquarters were in Hill Street, Mayfair, London, and its international operations were run from Denham Place in Denham Village, Buckinghamshire.

The company was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index, but it was acquired by British American Tobacco in 1999. Its business was the strongest in the whole of Europe.
Cuscal
Cuscal Limited is an Australian company that provides payments and data to Australian Banks, credit unions, mutual savings banks, corporates and Fintechs.

Cuscal is regulated by the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) as an Australian authorised deposit-taking institution (ADI), and by the Australian Securities & Investments Commission (ASIC). It is a member of EFTPOS Payments Australia and the Australian Payments Clearing Association.

Australian Securities and Investments Commission
The Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) is an independent commission of the Australian Government tasked as the national corporate regulator. ASIC's role is to regulate company and financial services and enforce laws to protect Australian consumers, investors and creditors. ASIC, which reports to the treasurer, was established on 1 July 1998 following recommendations from the Wallis Inquiry.
Elachistocleis pearsei
Elachistocleis pearsei (common name: Colombian plump frog) is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is found in the Pacific versant of western Costa Rica, Panama, Caribbean lowlands of Colombia and into the Magdalena River Valley, and in northwest Venezuela.

Elachistocleis pearsei was until 2012 considered to form monotypic genus Relictivomer, but in molecular phylogeny Elachistocleis pearsei is nested within other Elachistocleis, leading to resurrection of name Elachistocleis pearsei.

Elachistocleis pearsei is a nocturnal and fossorial lowland frog occurring at elevations less than 750 m (2,460 ft). Its range extends from lowland dry forests to premontane rain/wet forests. Breeding takes place in temporary and permanent pools after the rains. It probably is locally impacted by habitat loss.

Magdalena River
The Magdalena River (Spanish: Río Magdalena, Spanish pronunciation: [ˈri.o maɣðaˈlena]; less commonly Rio Grande de la Magdalena) is the main river of Colombia, flowing northward about 1,528 kilometres (949 mi) through the western half of the country. It takes its name from the biblical figure Mary Magdalene. It is navigable through much of its lower reaches, in spite of the shifting sand bars at the mouth of its delta, as far as Honda, at the downstream base of its rapids. It flows through the Magdalena River Valley.

Its drainage basin covers a surface of 273,000 square kilometres (105,000 sq mi), which is 24% of the country's area and where 66% of its population lives.
Albert Riederer
Albert Andrew Riederer (September 30, 1945 – December 27, 2012) was an American jurist and politician.

Riederer graduated from St. Louis University and New York University Law School. He served as a judge of the Missouri Court of Appeals 1997–1999. He was a prosecutor and a Jackson County, Missouri county legislator.

Saint Louis University
Saint Louis University (SLU) is a private Jesuit research university in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Founded in 1818 by Louis William Valentine DuBourg, it is the oldest university west of the Mississippi River and one of the oldest Jesuit universities in the United States. The university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

In the 2023–2024 academic year, SLU had an enrollment of 15,204 students. The student body included 8,502 undergraduate students and 6,702 graduate students that represent all 50 states and 96 countries.  The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Spending and Doctorate Production".

For more than 50 years, the university has maintained the Saint Louis University Madrid Campus in Spain. SLU's athletic teams compete in the NCAA Division I as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference.
Donald A. MacDonald
Donald A. MacDonald (c. 1849 – 9 May 1884) was a farmer and political figure on Prince Edward Island. He represented 3rd Queens in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1879 to 1882 as a Conservative.

MacDonald lived in French Village, Prince Edward Island. He married Margaret McDonald in 1880. He was elected to the provincial assembly in an 1879 by-election held following the death of Francis Kelly. MacDonald was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1882.

Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island
The Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island (French: Assemblée législative de l'Île-du-Prince-Édouard) together with the lieutenant governor of Prince Edward Island form the General Assembly of Prince Edward Island. The Legislative Assembly meets at Province House, which is at the intersection of Richmond and Great George Streets in Charlottetown. Bills passed by the Assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.
Firlej, Łódź Voivodeship
Firlej [ˈfirlɛi̯] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczerców, within Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) north-east of Szczerców, 13 km (8 mi) west of Bełchatów, and 49 km (30 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Bełchatów
Bełchatów ([bɛu̯ˈxatuf] ⓘ) is a city in central Poland, with a population of 55,583, as of December 2021. It is located in Łódź Voivodeship, 160 kilometres (99 miles) southwest of Warsaw.

The Elektrownia Bełchatów, located in Bełchatów, is the largest coal fueled power plant in Europe and the fifth largest in the world. It produces 27–28 TWh of electricity per year, or 20% of the total power generation in Poland. 8,000 people work directly for the company that runs the coal mine and electricity plants.

The city is also known for the successful volleyball club Skra Bełchatów and local krówki (traditional Polish candy).
Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University
Zijingang Campus is the main campus of Zhejiang University. Located in the west of urban Hangzhou, it borders the Yuhangtang River in the south, hence the name. With an area of 8,700 mu, it is the largest single university campus in mainland China.

Former site of Qiushi Academy
The former site of Qiushi Academy (simplified Chinese: 求是书院旧址; traditional Chinese: 求是書院舊址; pinyin: Qiúshì Shūyuàn) is historic site protected as a Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level. The site was made a college campus by Hangzhou mayor Lin Qi in 1897. It became the oldest campus of Zhejiang University and hosted the university until it moved to Yuquan campus in 1956.
Swainsona rotunda
Swainsona rotunda is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to inland areas of northern Western Australia. It is a prostrate herb with imparipinnate leaves with about 7 narrowly lance-shaped leaflets, and racemes of up to 4 lilac-coloured flowers.

Lilac (color)
Lilac is a light shade of purple representing the average color of most lilac flowers.   The colors of some lilac flowers may be equivalent to the colors shown below as pale lilac, rich lilac, or deep lilac.  However, there are other lilac flowers that are colored red-violet.

The first recorded use of the term lilac as an English color name was in 1775.
Nyctiphanes
Nyctiphanes is a genus of krill, comprising four species with an anti-tropical distribution. Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses of the cytochrome oxidase gene and 16S ribosomal DNA, Nyctiphanes is believed to have evolved during the Miocene.

16S ribosomal RNA
16S ribosomal RNA (or 16S rRNA) is the RNA component of the 30S subunit of a prokaryotic ribosome (SSU rRNA). It binds to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and provides most of the SSU structure.

The genes coding for it are referred to as 16S rRNA genes and are used in reconstructing phylogenies, due to the slow rates of evolution of this region of the gene. Carl Woese and George E. Fox were two of the people who pioneered the use of 16S rRNA in phylogenetics in 1977. Multiple sequences of the 16S rRNA gene can exist within a single bacterium.
2000 Australia Day Honours
The 2000 Australia Day Honours are appointments to various orders and honours to recognise and reward good works by Australian citizens. The list was announced on 26 January 2000 by the Governor General of Australia, Sir William Deane.

The Australia Day Honours are the first of the two major annual honours lists, the first announced to coincide with Australia Day (26 January), with the other being the Queen's Birthday Honours, which are announced on the second Monday in June.

Birthday Honours
The Birthday Honours, in some Commonwealth realms, mark the reigning monarch's official birthday in each realm by granting various individuals appointment into national or dynastic orders or the award of decorations and medals. The honours are presented by the monarch or a viceregal representative. The Birthday Honours are one of two annual honours lists, along with the New Year Honours. All royal honours are published in the relevant gazette.
Iced bun
An iced bun (also known as Swiss bun or iced finger) is a bread bun normally with a white or pink icing sugar glaze covering the top. The dough may be enriched (made with eggs, milk, and butter) or simply an oblong bread roll. In some bakeries or recipes, iced buns are garnished with additional sweets or are decorated as ballet slippers or other shapes.

Iced buns can be filled. A "raspberry bun" contains a small amount of raspberry (or sometimes strawberry) jam filling, which oozes out when the bun is bitten; they have many variations in size and shape, and are sometimes coated in sprinkles or coconut. An iced bun may be split after baking, then filled with flavoured whipped cream. There is also a variety with lemon curd in the centre and lemon icing on top.

Iced buns are popular bakery items in the United Kingdom. The method of eating iced buns varies: some people eat them as-is, while others prefer to split and butter the bun before eating.

Whipped cream
Whipped cream, also known as Chantilly cream or crème Chantilly (French: [kʁɛm ʃɑ̃tiji]), is high-fat dairy cream that is aerated by whisking until it becomes light, fluffy, and capable of holding its shape. This process incorporates air into the cream, creating a semi-solid colloid. It is commonly sweetened with white sugar and sometimes flavored with vanilla. Whipped cream is often served on desserts and hot beverages, and used as an ingredient in desserts.
Lambreva Beach
Lambreva Beach (Bulgarian: бряг Ламбрева, romanized: bryag Lambreva, IPA: [ˈbrʲak ˈɫambrevɐ]) is the mostly ice-free 1.3 km long beach on the northwest coast of Nelson Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, extending southwest of Smilets Point and northeast of Sabin Point. Its surface area is 17 ha. The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.

The beach is named after Anka Lambreva (1895-1976), nurse, writer and lecturer, the first Bulgarian woman who circumnavigated the globe.

Nelson Island (South Shetland Islands)
Nelson Island (historical names Leipzig Island, O'Cain's Island and Strachans Island) is an island 22 kilometres (12 nmi) long and 13 kilometres (7 nmi) wide, lying southwest of King George Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The name Nelson Island dates back to at least 1821 and is now established in international usage.

The Eco-Nelson station is located on the island.
Lee Vining Creek
Lee Vining Creek is a 16.2-mile-long (26.1 km) stream in Mono County, California, flowing into the endorheic basin of Mono Lake. It is the second largest stream flowing into the lake, after Rush Creek.

Endorheic basin
An endorheic basin (/ˌɛndoʊˈriː.ɪk/ EN-doh-REE-ik; also endoreic basin and endorreic basin) is a drainage basin that normally retains water and allows no outflow to other external bodies of water (such as rivers and oceans). Instead, the water drainage flows into permanent and seasonal lakes and swamps that equilibrate through evaporation. Endorheic basins are also called closed basins, terminal basins, and internal drainage systems.

Endorheic regions contrast with open lakes (exorheic regions), where surface waters eventually drain into the ocean. In general, water basins with subsurface outflows that lead to the ocean are not considered endorheic; but cryptorheic. Endorheic basins constitute local base levels, defining a limit of the erosion and deposition processes of nearby areas. Endorheic water bodies include the Caspian Sea, which is the world's largest inland body of water.