hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
McFarlane v Director of Public Prosecutions
McFarlane v Director of Public Prosecutions [2008] IESC 7; [2008] 2 I.R. 117 is an Irish Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that the right to a fair trial under both Article 38.1 of the Constitution and Article 6(1) of the European Convention on Human Rights does not preclude prosecution in cases of prosecutorial delay unless the accused can demonstrate either that some specific prejudice resulted or that the delay was well outside the norm for the particular proceedings.

Right to a fair trial
A fair trial is a trial which is "conducted fairly, justly, and with procedural regularity by an impartial judge". Various rights associated with a fair trial are explicitly proclaimed in Article 10 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, Magna Carta upon which the prior amendments are based, and Article 6 of the European Convention of Human Rights, in addition to numerous other constitutions and declarations throughout the world. There is no binding international law that defines what is not a fair trial; for example, the right to a jury trial and other important procedures vary from nation to nation.
American Stores
American Stores Company, Inc. was an American public corporation and a holding company which ran chains of supermarkets and drugstores in the United States from 1917 through 1998. The company was incorporated in 1917 when The Acme Tea Company merged with four small Philadelphia-area grocery stores (Childs, George Dunlap, Bell Company, and A House That Quality Built) to form American Stores. In the following eight decades, the company would expand to 1,575 food and drugstores in 38 states with $20 billion (~$34.9 billion in 2023) in annual sales in 1998.

Chain store
A chain store or retail chain is a retail outlet in which several locations share a brand, central management, and standardized business practices. They have come to dominate many retail markets, dining markets, and service categories in many parts of the world. A franchised retail establishment is one form of a chain store.  In 2005, the world's largest retail chain, Walmart, became the world's largest corporation based on gross sales.
Chorizema genistoides
Chorizema genistoides is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a low-lying, spreading or erect that typically grows to a height of 20–60 cm (7.9–23.6 in) and has yellow and red, pea-like flowers. It was first formally described in 1855 by Carl Meissner, who gave it the name Oxylobium genistoides in Botanische Zeitung from specimens collected by James Drummond. In 1930, Charles Gardner transferred the species to Chorizema as C. genistoides. The specific epithet (genistoides) means "Genista-like".

Chorizema genistoides grows in sandy and clayey soils on scree slopes and on hills in the Avon Wheatbelt, Mallee, Murchison and Yalgoo bioregions of south-western Western Australia. The species is listed as  "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.

Yalgoo bioregion
Yalgoo is an interim Australian bioregion located in Western Australia. It has an area of 5,087,577 hectares (12,571,680 acres). The bioregion, together with the Avon Wheatbelt and Geraldton Sandplains bioregions, is part of the larger Southwest Australia savanna ecoregion as classified by the World Wildlife Fund.
Condor Tecnologias Não-Letais
Condor Não-Letal or Condor Tecnologias Não-Letais, is a Brazilian company of the war industry, defense, pyrotechnics and non-lethal weaponry. Its portfolio includes several non-lethal products such as rubber bullets, tear gas grenades, impact and morale grenades, tear gas grenade launchers, disabling electroshock devices, and pyrotechnics for signaling and rescue.

About 50% of Condor's non-lethal weapons production is exported to countries in Africa and the Middle East.

Rubber bullet
Rubber bullets (also called rubber baton rounds) are a type of baton round.  Despite the name, rubber bullets typically have either a metal core with a rubber coating, or are a homogeneous admixture with rubber being a minority component. Although they are considered a less lethal alternative to metal projectiles, rubber bullets can still cause fatal injuries as well as other serious injuries such as blindness or other permanent disabilities.

Like other similar projectiles made from plastic, wax, and wood, rubber bullets may be used for short range practice and animal control, but are most commonly used in riot control and to disperse protests.

Rubber bullets were invented by the British Ministry of Defence for riot control purposes in Northern Ireland during the Troubles, and were first used there in 1970.

Rubber projectiles have largely been replaced by other materials, as rubber tends to bounce uncontrollably.
Rock, Worcestershire
Rock is a village and civil parish in the Wyre Forest District of Worcestershire, England, which lies south-west of Bewdley. It had a population of 2,366 in 2001.

In the parish is Fingerpost, the junction of the A456 and A4117 roads. The parish council erected a large commemorative stone near the junction for the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II.

The Church of St Peter and St Paul contains a number of Herefordshire School Romanesque carvings.  The local church has a major congregation, and the village hall always has local events taking place from wedding functions to the Rock Show.

The Bewdley School and Sixth Form Centre provides secondary education for pupils from the area.

Bewdley School
The Bewdley School is a senior school and sixth form in Bewdley, serving north-west Worcestershire, England. Its campus is very close to the River Severn and lies on the border of the Wyre Forest national nature reserve. 
Bewdley is an educational research partner of the University of Worcester and University of Birmingham and is recognised for its focus on international and cultural education. In 2019, Bewdley hosted the Global Happiness Conference in partnership with the British Council. The Bewdley School has close ties with the nearby Bewdley Rowing Club established in 1877.
Exfoliatin
Exfoliatin is a Staphylococcus aureus exotoxin that causes a blistering of the skin known as staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, usually in infants.

Exfoliatins are glutamate-specific serine proteases highly specific to desmoglein I, a cadherin (adhesion protein) in the desmosomes of the stratum granulosum that facilitates intercellular adhesion between keratinocytes. The resulting vesicle is an intraepidermal cleft located above the basal cells (suprabasal), between the stratum corneum and stratum spinosum. Desmoglein-1 is similarly involved in Pemphigus foliaceus, an auto-immune skin condition.  A very similar non-infectious condition is seen in the autoimmune skin disorder pemphigus vulgaris in which there is an IgG antibody against the cadherin desmoglein 3.

Cadherin
Cadherins (named for "calcium-dependent adhesion") are cell adhesion molecules important in forming adherens junctions that let cells adhere to each other. Cadherins are a class of type-1 transmembrane proteins, and they depend on calcium (Ca2+) ions to function, hence their name. Cell-cell adhesion is mediated by extracellular cadherin domains, whereas the intracellular cytoplasmic tail associates with numerous adaptors and signaling proteins, collectively referred to as the cadherin adhesome.
Idistaviso
Idistaviso is the location on the Weser river where forces commanded by Arminius fought those commanded by Germanicus at the Battle of the Weser River in 16 CE, attested in chapter 16 of Tacitus' Annales II. The name was amended by Karl Müllenhoff and Jacob Grimm in the 19th century to Idisiaviso, meaning "plain of the Idisi" or "women's meadow".

Jacob Grimm
Jacob Ludwig Karl Grimm (4 January 1785 – 20 September 1863), also known as Ludwig Karl, was a German author, linguist, philologist, jurist, and folklorist. He formulated  Grimm's law of linguistics, and was the co-author of the Deutsches Wörterbuch, the author of Deutsche Mythologie, and the editor of Grimms' Fairy Tales. He was the older brother of Wilhelm Grimm; together, they were the literary duo known as the Brothers Grimm.
Molly's Shoes
Molly's Shoes is an original stage production written by Alex Vickery-Howe. It was commissioned by the Independent Arts Foundation through Carclew Youth Arts and first staged by Accidental Productions at the Bakehouse Theatre in Adelaide, South Australia from May to July 2011.

The title refers to "shoes young people often try to fill."

Bridget Walters
Bridget Walters is an Australian actress and veteran member of the State Theatre Company of South Australia where she has performed in productions of Macbeth, Noises Off, Uncle Vanya and The Cripple of Inishmaan. Her brother is Sam Walters.
Ironsand
Ironsand, also known as iron-sand or iron sand, is a type of sand with heavy concentrations of iron. It is typically dark grey or blackish in color.

It is composed mainly of magnetite, Fe3O4, and also contains small amounts of titanium,  silica, manganese, calcium and vanadium.

Ironsand has a tendency to heat up in direct sunlight, causing temperatures high enough to cause minor burns. As such it forms a hazard in New Zealand at popular west-coast surf beaches such as Piha.

Titanium dioxide
Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania /taɪˈteɪniə/, is the inorganic compound derived from titanium with the chemical formula TiO2. When used as a pigment, it is called titanium white, Pigment White 6 (PW6), or CI 77891. It is a white solid that is insoluble in water, although mineral forms can appear black. As a pigment, it has a wide range of applications, including paint, sunscreen, and food coloring. When used as a food coloring, it has E number E171. World production in 2014 exceeded 9 million tonnes. It has been estimated that titanium dioxide is used in two-thirds of all pigments, and pigments based on the oxide have been valued at a price of $13.2 billion.
Sunquest Information Systems
Sunquest Information Systems Inc. is a U.S. developer of medical laboratory and diagnostic software. It was founded in 1979 and as of 2012, is a subsidiary of Roper Technologies. Sunquest software includes clinical diagnostic data management, blood bank data management, molecular diagnostics analysis and reporting, and multi-laboratory inter-connectivity.

Molecular diagnostics
Molecular diagnostics is a collection of techniques used to analyze biological markers in the genome and proteome, and how their cells express their genes as proteins, applying molecular biology to medical testing. In medicine the technique is used to diagnose and monitor disease, detect risk, and decide which therapies will work best for individual patients,: foreword  and in agricultural biosecurity similarly to monitor crop- and livestock disease, estimate risk, and decide what quarantine measures must be taken.

By analysing the specifics of the patient and their disease, molecular diagnostics offers the prospect of personalised medicine.
These tests are useful in a range of medical specialties, including infectious disease, oncology, human leucocyte antigen typing (which investigates and predicts immune function), coagulation, and pharmacogenomics—the genetic prediction of which drugs will work best.: v-vii  They overlap with clinical chemistry (medical tests on bodily fluids).
Chilocco Indian Agricultural School
Chilocco Indian School (/ʃɪˈlɑkoʊ/) was an agricultural school for Native Americans on reserved land in north-central Oklahoma from 1884 to 1980. It was approximately 20 miles north of Ponca City, Oklahoma and seven miles north of Newkirk, Oklahoma, near the Kansas border. The name "Chilocco" is apparently derived from the Creek tci lako, which literally meant "big deer" but typically referred to a horse.

In 1912, the Oklahoma Supreme Court heard a case over an election dispute involving whisky and whether the Chilocco reservation was part of Kay County and the state of Oklahoma or "Indian Territory". The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that school land was not an Indian Reservation, that the school was an off-reservation entity, and that the word reservation had various meanings and the area was not reserved as Indian territory.

Kaw people
The Kaw Nation (Kansa: Kaáⁿze), also known as the Kanza or Kansa, is a federally recognized Native American tribe in Oklahoma and parts of Kansas. The Kaw people historically lived in the central Midwestern United States. They have also been called the "People of the South Wind", "People of Water", Kansa, Kaza, Konza, Conza, Quans, Kosa, and Kasa. Their tribal language is Kansa, classified as a Siouan language.

The state of Kansas was named for this tribe. The name of Topeka, capital city of Kansas, is said to be the Kaw word Tó Ppí Kˀé meaning 'a good place to grow potatoes'. The Kaw are closely related to the Osage Nation, with whom members often intermarried.
Atacamita
Atacamita is a genus of beetles in the family Buprestidae, containing the following species:

Atacamita arriagadai Moore, 2001

Atacamita biimpressa (Philippi & Philippi, 1860)

Atacamita chiliensis (Laporte & Gory, 1835)

Buprestidae
Buprestidae is a family of beetles known as jewel beetles or metallic wood-boring beetles because of their glossy iridescent colors. Larvae of this family are known as flatheaded borers. The family is among the largest of the beetles, with some 15,500 species known in 775 genera. In addition, almost 100 fossil species have been described.

The larger and more spectacularly colored jewel beetles are highly prized by insect collectors. The elytra of some Buprestidae species have been traditionally used in beetlewing jewellery and decoration in certain countries in Asia, like India, Thailand and Japan.
Idalina
Idalina is a genus of foraminifera included in the Hauerinidae, (Miliolida), that lived during the latter part of the Late Cretaceous.

The adult specimen is ovoid to fusiform. Ontogeny goes through an early quinqueloculine stage immediately following the proloculus, followed in sequence by triloculine and biloculine stages and finally to an adult stage with completely enveloping chambers. Wall, calcareous, imperforate, porcelaneous. Chambers with complete floors.  Aperture in quinqueloculine and triloculine stages with a simple tooth.  Aperture in adult stage, terminal, radially cribrate, with a convex trematophore (sieve plate) pierced by numerous irregular openings.

Loeblich and Tappan, (1988) include Idialina in the miliolid family Hauerinidae. Prior to, it was included in the Treatise (Loeblich and Tappan, (1964)), in the miliolid subfamily Miliolinae, which also includes the genus Hauerina.  Idalina is known from the Upper Cretaceous (Senonian) of  France.

Helen Niña Tappan Loeblich
Helen Niña Tappan Loeblich (October 12, 1917 – August 18, 2004) was an American micropaleontologist who was a professor of geology at the University of California, Los Angeles, a United States Geological Survey (USGS) biostratigrapher, and a scientific illustrator whose micropaleontology specialty was research on Cretaceous foraminifera.

She received a Guggenheim Fellowship award in 1953 and travelled to Europe to focus on her studies of foraminifera with her husband. She would also be awarded with multiple other titles and was recognized as the first woman professor in Tulane University.
Shy and the Fight
Shy and The Fight were a seven-piece Welsh acoustic folk / indie rock band from Llangollen, Wales and Chester, England. The band included Tom Hyndman (guitar, lead vocals), Carrie Anderson (violin, backing vocals), Christopher Done (bass, backing vocals), Michael Deponeo (lead guitar, vocals), Tom Wootton (drums), Samuel Williams (drums) and Jackson Almond (piano, banjo).

The band have released two EPs, Shy and the Fight (2010), and First the Bird Fell (2014) plus one 7" vinyl single, "All That We See or Seem" / "Breaks" (Popty Ping, 2012). The group disbanded in 2014.

Adam Walton (DJ)
Adam Walton (born 31 May 1971) is a British radio disc jockey who has presented shows on BBC Radio Wales since 1993. He is also a member of Mold-based, indie band The Immediate, and a resident DJ at Telford's Warehouse in Chester. Adam has also written a book On Making Music.
Ann Ormonde
Ann Ormonde (born 20 January 1935) is an Irish former Fianna Fáil politician and was a member of Seanad Éireann from 1993 to 2011. She was elected by the Cultural and Educational Panel. She was first elected to the Seanad in 1992 and re-elected at every subsequent election until she lost her seat at the 2011 election.

Born in Kilmacthomas, County Waterford, she was educated at the Presentation Convent, Clonmel and University College Dublin. She is a former Career Guidance Counsellor.

She served as a member of South Dublin County Council for the Terenure–Rathfarnham from 1985 to 2004. She was an unsuccessful candidate for the Dáil in the Dublin South constituency at the 1987, 1989, 1992 and 1997 general elections.

Seanad Éireann
53°20′26″N 6°15′14″W﻿ / ﻿53.34055°N 6.254021°W﻿ / 53.34055; -6.254021
Seanad Éireann (/ˈʃænəd ˈɛərən, ˈʃænəð/ ⓘ SHAN-əd(h) AIR-ən; Irish: [ˈʃan̪ˠəd̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ]; "Senate of Ireland") is the upper house of the Oireachtas (the Irish legislature), which also comprises the President of Ireland and Dáil Éireann (the lower house).

It is commonly called the Seanad or Senate and its members are known as senators (Irish: seanadóirí, singular: seanadóir). Unlike Dáil Éireann, it is not directly elected but consists of a mixture of members chosen by various methods. Its powers are much weaker than those of the Dáil and it can only delay laws with which it disagrees, rather than veto them outright. It can introduce new legislation. Since its establishment, it has been located in Leinster House.
1959 12 Hours of Sebring
The 1959 12-Hour Florida International Grand Prix of Endurance for the Amoco Trophy was a motor race for sportscars, staged on 21 March at the Sebring International Raceway, Florida, United States. It was the opening round of the 1959 World Sportscar Championship and was the eighth running of the 12 Hours of Sebring.

The race was won by Dan Gurney, Phil Hill, Chuck Daigh and Olivier Gendebien driving a Ferrari 250 TR 59 for Scuderia Ferrari.

Jean Behra
Jean Marie Behra (16 February 1921 – 1 August 1959) was a French racing driver, who competed in Formula One from 1952 to 1959.

Behra contested 54 Formula One Grands Prix across eight seasons for Gordini, Maserati, BRM, Ferrari, and Behra-Porsche. He achieved nine podiums and one fastest lap, finishing fourth in the 1956 World Drivers' Championships with Maserati.
Sasoma
Sasoma is a settlement in the Leh district of Ladakh in India. It is located along the Nubra River in the Nubra Valley region and consists of villages such as the Gya village. A road is being constructed from Sasoma to Saser La by the Border Roads Organisation which will be the world first glaciated motorable road once completed. Another road, the Khalsar-Sasoma road with a bridge on the Chamesahn Lungpa stream, connects Khalsar to Sasoma.

Sasser Pass
Saser Pass, Saser La, or Sasser Pass  (el. 5,411 m or 17,753 ft) is a high mountain pass in the Indian union territory of Ladakh on the ancient summer caravan route from Leh to Yarkand, in the Tarim Basin of Xinjiang. It leads from the head of the Nubra Valley into the upper Shyok Valley, on the way to the even higher, but easier, Karakoram Pass.
Sujatha Aththanayaka
Kala Suri Visharadha Dr. Mudunkotuwa Munasinghe Arachchige Sujatha Perera  (born 12 May 1942: as සුජාතා අත්තනායක), colloquially known as Sujatha Aththanayaka , is a Sri Lankan singer. She is a prominent playback singer in Sinhala cinema and also in Sri Lankan and Indian Tamil cinema. Considered the golden bell of Sinhala music, she holds the record for the most number of cassettes produced by a Sri Lankan woman singer with more than 115 cassettes in a career spanning more than seven decades. She is the first female music director in Sri Lanka. She contributed for nearly 400 Sinhala films and 20 Sri Lankan-Indian Tamil Films as a playback singer. She sang more than 6000 Sinhala songs and more than 1000 songs in 9 different languages.

Doctor (title)
Doctor is an academic title that originates from the Latin word of the same spelling and meaning. The word is originally an agentive noun of the Latin verb docēre [dɔˈkeːrɛ] 'to teach'. It has been used as an academic title in Europe since the 13th century, when the first doctorates were awarded at the University of Bologna and the University of Paris.

Having become established in European universities, this usage spread around the world. Contracted "Dr" or "Dr.", it is used as a designation for a person who has obtained a doctorate (commonly a PhD). In past usage, the term could be applied to any learned person.  In many parts of the world today it is also used by medical practitioners, regardless of whether they hold a doctoral-level degree.
Kiran Kumar Kodgi
Kiran Kumar Kodgi (born 1963) is an Indian politician from Karnataka. He is an MLA from Kundapura Assembly constituency in Udupi district. He won the 2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election representing Bharatiya Janata Party.

2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections were held in Karnataka on 10 May 2023 to elect all 224 members of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly. The votes were counted and the results were declared on 13 May 2023.

The election saw a final voter turnout of 73.84%, the highest ever recorded in the history of Legislative Assembly elections in Karnataka.

The Indian National Congress won the election in decisive victory by getting 135 seats, making it their biggest win by seats and vote share in Karnataka since the 1989 elections. The Bharatiya Janata Party and the Janata Dal (Secular) conceded defeat, finishing second and third, respectively.
A Hint to Husbands
A Hint to Husbands is an 1806 comedy play by the British dramatist Richard Cumberland which was first performed at Covent Garden Theatre. The prologue was written by James Bland Burgess. The play was not a success and lasted for only five nights. The original cast included Charles Kemble as Lord Transit, Henry Erskine Johnston as Sir Charles Le Brun, Alexander Pope as Heartright, John Fawcett as Fairford, John Brunton as George Trever, Charles Farley as Pliant, John Emery as Codicil, William Blanchard as Dogherty and Julia Glover as Lady Le Brun.

Prologue
A prologue or prolog (from Ancient Greek πρόλογος prólogos, from πρό pró, "before" and λόγος lógos, "speech") is an opening to a story that establishes the context and gives background details, often some earlier story that ties into the main one, and other miscellaneous information. The Ancient Greek word πρόλογος includes the modern meaning of prologue, but was of wider significance, more like the meaning of preface. The importance, therefore, of the prologue in Greek drama was very great; it sometimes almost took the place of a romance, to which, or to an episode in which, the play itself succeeded.
Ashur-resh-ishi I
Aššur-rēša-iši I, inscribed maš-šur-SAG-i-ši (meaning "Aššur has lifted my head") ruled 1132–1115 BC, son of Mutakkil-Nusku, was a king of the  Middle Assyrian Empire, and the 86th ruler to appear on the Assyrian King List and ruled for 18 years. The Synchronistic King List and its fragmentary copies give him as a contemporary of the Babylonian kings Ninurta-nādin-šumi, Nebuchadnezzar I and Enlil-nādin-apli, although the last of these is unlikely per the commonly accepted chronology.

Ashur (god)
Ashur, Ashshur, also spelled Ašur, Aššur (Sumerian: 𒀭𒊹, romanized: AN.ŠAR₂, Assyrian cuneiform: 𒀭𒊹 Aš-šur, 𒀭𒀀𒇳𒊬 ᵈa-šur₄) was the national god of the Assyrians in ancient times until their gradual conversion to Christianity between the 1st and 5th centuries AD.