hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yokohama Chinatown
Yokohama Chinatown (横浜中華街, Yokohama chūkagai; Chinese: 橫濱中華街) is located in Yokohama, Japan, which is located just south of Tokyo. It was established in the late 19th century, and has a population of about 3,000 to 4,000.

Yokohama Chinatown is the largest Chinatown in Japan, larger than both Kobe Chinatown and Nagasaki Chinatown. There are roughly 250 Chinese-owned or themed shops and restaurants scattered throughout the district, with the highest concentration centered on a 300 m2 (3,200 sq ft) area.

Minatomirai Line
The Minatomirai 21 Line (みなとみらい21線 Minato-mirai-21-sen), commonly known as the Minatomirai Line (みなとみらい線 Minatomirai-sen), is a subway line in Yokohama, Japan that runs from Yokohama Station to Motomachi-Chūkagai Station through the Minatomirai 21 business district. The line opened in 2004 and is operated by the Yokohama Minatomirai Railway Company.

Maps and station numbering use navy blue and the route symbol MM to identify the line. The entire line is underground and goes under the Minato Mirai and Kannai districts, as well as numerous islands made of soft reclaimed land and channels, requiring stations to be constructed deep underground. The original above-ground section of the Tōkyū Tōyoko Line between Yokohama and Sakuragichō stations was abandoned and replaced with a new underground connector line to allow through services onto the newly completed Minatomirai Line.
Birthing (album)
Birthing is the seventeenth studio album by the American experimental rock band Swans. It was released on May 30, 2025, through Mute and Young God Records. Frontman Michael Gira stated that the album was the last to focus on "all-consuming sound worlds", with future albums taking on a "significantly pared down form". The first single from Birthing, "I Am a Tower", was released on February 25, 2025.

Mute Records
Mute Records is a British independent record label owned and founded in 1978 by Daniel Miller. It has featured several prominent musical acts on its roster such as Depeche Mode, Erasure, Einstürzende Neubauten, Fad Gadget, Goldfrapp, Grinderman, Arca, Inspiral Carpets, Moby, New Order, Laibach, Nitzer Ebb, Yann Tiersen, Wire, Yeasayer, Fever Ray, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, Yazoo, and M83.
Biological indicator evaluation resistometer
A Biological Indicator Evaluation Resistometer (BIER) vessel is a piece of equipment used to determine the time taken to reduce survival of a given organism by 90% (also known as a log 1 reduction). The name derives from how the equipment is used.

A BIER vessel evaluates the resistance of biological indicators to moist heat (steam) sterilization. For example, if a 90% reduction is determined to be 5 minutes for the microorganism being evaluated, then a D-value of 5 is assigned. D values are specific to starting bioload, substrate (the material the spores are on), and microbe species.

BIER vessels typically cost in excess of $100,000, and thus tend to be located where biological indicators are manufactured.

Steam
Steam is water vapor, often mixed with air and/or an aerosol of liquid water droplets. This may occur by evaporation or by boiling, where heat is applied until water reaches the enthalpy of vaporization. Superheated or saturated steam is invisible; however, wet steam, a visible mist or aerosol of water droplets, is often referred to as  "steam".: 6

When liquid water becomes steam, it increases in volume by 1,700 times at standard temperature and pressure; this change in volume can be converted into mechanical work by steam engines such as reciprocating piston-type engines and steam turbines. Piston-type steam engines played a central role in the Industrial Revolution, and steam-based generation today produces 80 percent of the world's electricity. If liquid water comes into contact with a very hot surface or depressurizes quickly below its vapor pressure, it can create a steam explosion.
Criterion Hotel, Rockhampton
Criterion Hotel is a heritage-listed hotel at 150 Quay Street, Rockhampton, Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by James Flint and built from 1889 to 1890. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Rockhampton Region
The Rockhampton Region is a local government area (LGA) in Central Queensland, Australia, located on the Tropic of Capricorn about 600 kilometres (370 mi) north of Brisbane.  Rockhampton is the region's major city; the region also includes the Fitzroy River, Mount Archer National Park and Berserker Range.

In the 2021 census, the Rockhampton Region had a population of 81,968 people.
Trinidad, Paraguay
Trinidad (Spanish for Trinity) is a district in the Itapúa Department of Paraguay.  It is well known for its Jesuit Mission, La Misión de la Santísima Trinidad de Paraná. In 1993, the mission was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and is open to visitation by tourists.

Itapúa Department
Itapúa (Spanish pronunciation: [itaˈpu.a]) is a department in the southern region of Paraguay. The capital is the city of Encarnación. It is divided into 30 districts, more than any other department in the country.
Langscheid (Sundern)
The hamlet of Langscheid is a part of the town of Sundern in the Sauerland in the district Hochsauerlandkreis in the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

The climatic spa is situated on the hills to the West of the Sorpe reservoir's dam. Its earliest record dates back to the year 1307 AD.

Hochsauerlandkreis
Hochsauerlandkreis (German pronunciation: [ˈhoːxzaʊɐlantˌkʁaɪs], lit. 'High Sauerland District') is a Kreis (district) in the east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Soest, Paderborn, Höxter, Waldeck-Frankenberg, Siegen-Wittgenstein, Olpe, Märkischer Kreis.

The district is named “High Sauerland” because two of the highest mountains of the Sauerland mountainous landscape, Langenberg and Kahler Asten are in its territory. With 2,766 ft / 843 m (Langenberg) and 2,762 ft / 842 m (Kahler Asten) these are also the highest mountains of North Rhine-Westphalia.
Mindaugas Gedminas
Mindaugas Gedminas (born 13 September 1996) is a Norwegian amateur boxer. He is a Four-time Norwegian champion, Four-time Scandinavian boxing champion and claimed 5th place in Men's European Boxing Championships 2022 Armenia, Yerevan.  He also represented Norway at the 2021 World Boxing Championships, 2021 Olympic Qualifiers in Paris, European Games 2023, Krakow and 2019 European Games and the European Olympic Qualifications 2020.

He represented Norway at London 2020 and Paris 2021 Olympic Qualifiers. Olympic Games 2021. He attended the Olympic Qualifications in London 2020 and defeated European champion and 2016 Olympian Balazs Bacskai in his first fight.

Gedminas His style is of early Soviet boxing origins. His boxing technique comes from his Russian (Chechen) coach Zayndi Arsaev, who is a two-time Russian champion.

2019 European Games
The 2nd European Games 2019 (Belarusian: II Еўрапейскія гульні, Jeŭrapiejskija huĺni 2019; Russian: II Европейские игры, Yevropeyskiye igry 2019), also known as the 2019 European Games or Minsk 2019 (Belarusian: Мінск 2019; Russian: Минск 2019), were held in Minsk, Belarus, from 21 June to 30 June 2019. The games featured 200 events in 15 sports (23 disciplines). Around 4,000 athletes from 50 countries participated. Ten of the sports offered qualification opportunities for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. The opening ceremony at the Dinamo Stadium was held on 21 June, and the closing ceremony at the same venue was held on 30 June.

The logo of the games was "paparać-kvietka"—a plant that plays an important role in the culture of the Slavs. The slogan of the event is "Bright Year, Bright You", which also makes reference to the national domain of the Republic of Belarus and the official international shortening—BY.
Gaozhi Xiao
Gaozhi Xiao is an electrical engineer with the National Research Council Canada in Ottawa, Ontario. He was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2015 for his contributions to the development of safety and security monitoring instrumentation and measurement technologies.

National Research Council Canada
The National Research Council Canada (NRC; French: Conseil national de recherches Canada) is the primary national agency of the Government of Canada dedicated to science and technology research and development. It is the largest federal research and development organization in Canada.

The Minister of Industry is responsible for the NRC.
Halalabad, Qazvin
Halalabad (Persian: هلال اباد, also Romanized as Ḩalālābād) is a village in Rudbar-e Mohammad-e Zamani Rural District, Alamut-e Gharbi District, Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 48, in 13 families.

Qazvin province
Qazvin province (Persian: استان قزوین; IPA: [ɢæzˈviːn] ⓘ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the northwest of the country, with the city of Qazvin as its capital.

The province was carved out of Tehran and Zanjan provinces in 1997. The province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.
Cuban nationality law
Cuban nationality law is regulated by the Constitution of Cuba, currently the 2019 Constitution, and to a limited degree upon Decree 358 of 1944. These laws determine who is, or is eligible to be, a citizen of Cuba. The legal means to acquire nationality and formal membership in a nation differ from the relationship of rights and obligations between a national and the nation, known as citizenship. Cuban nationality is typically obtained either on the principle of jus soli, i.e. by birth in Cuba; or under the rules of jus sanguinis, i.e. by birth abroad to a parent with Cuban nationality. It can also be granted to a permanent resident who has lived in the country for a given period of time through naturalization.

President of Cuba
The president of Cuba (Spanish: Presidente de Cuba), officially the president of the Republic of Cuba (Spanish: Presidente de la República de Cuba), is the head of state of Cuba. The office in its current form was established under the Constitution of 2019. The President is the second-highest office in Cuba and the highest state office. Miguel Díaz-Canel became President of the Council of State on 19 April 2018, taking over from Raúl Castro, and has been President of Cuba since 10 October 2019.

The First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba continues to be the highest-ranking political position in Cuba. Fidel Castro held the position from 1965 to 2011, and Raúl Castro from 2011 until the 8th Congress of the Communist Party of Cuba, held 16–19 April 2021, when he retired from office.
Arthur Salm
Arthur Salm (4 March 1904 – 28 July 1988) was an American philatelist who was added to the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1980. At Muchen 1973 he won the Grand Prix National for his collection of Thurn and Taxis.

Philately
Philately (/fɪˈlætəli/; fih-LAT-ə-lee) is the study of postage stamps and postal history. It also refers to the collection and appreciation of stamps and other philatelic products. While closely associated with stamp collecting and the study of postage, it is possible to be a philatelist without owning any stamps. For instance, the stamps being studied may be very rare or reside only in museums.
KF Dardanët
KF Dardanët (Albanian: Klubi Futbollistik Dardanët) is a professional football club from Kosovo which competes in the Second League. The club is based in Gjakovë. Their home ground is the Gjakova City Stadium which has a seating capacity of 6,000.

Gjakova City Stadium
Gjakova City Stadium, located in Gjakova, Kosovo, is a multipurpose sports venue primarily used for football matches. It serves as the home ground for KF Vëllaznimi, a team in the Kosovar Superliga. The stadium is planned to have a capacity of 13,800 after the renovation is completed.
Caesium nitrate
Caesium nitrate or cesium nitrate is a salt with the chemical formula CsNO3. An alkali metal nitrate, it is used in pyrotechnic compositions, as a colorant and an oxidizer, e.g. in decoys and illumination flares. The caesium emissions are chiefly due to two powerful spectral lines at 852.113 nm and 894.347 nm.

Caesium nitrate prisms are used in infrared spectroscopy, in x-ray phosphors, and in scintillation counters. It is also used in making optical glasses and lenses.

As with other alkali metal nitrates, caesium nitrate decomposes on gentle heating to give caesium nitrite:

2 CsNO3  →  2 CsNO2 + O2

Caesium also forms two unusual acid nitrates, which can be described as CsNO3·HNO3 and CsNO3·2HNO3 (melting points 100 °C and 36–38 °C respectively).

Flare (countermeasure)
A flare or decoy flare is an aerial infrared countermeasure used by an aircraft to counter an infrared homing ("heat-seeking") surface-to-air missile or air-to-air missile. Flares are commonly composed of a pyrotechnic composition based on magnesium or another hot-burning metal, with burning temperature equal to or hotter than engine exhaust. The aim is to make the infrared-guided missile seek out the heat signature from the flare rather than the aircraft's engines.
Meadow House
Meadow House is the nom de plume of English musician, instrument builder and composer, Dan Wilson. Meadow House came to prominence after airplay on London's radio station, Resonance FM. His debut album, Tongue Under a Ton of Nine Volters, was released on the Alcohol Records record label in 2006. He was the winner of the 2007 Arts Foundation fellowship for electroacoustic music and was Sound and Music's "Embedded" composer-in-residence between 2014 and 2016 at Resonance FM. He is known to employ unusual methods of distributing his work, such as leaving cassettes or CDs anonymously in public places.

Artist-in-residence
Artist-in-residence (also Writer-in-residence), or artist residencies, encompass a wide spectrum of artistic programs that involve a collaboration between artists and hosting organisations, institutions, or communities. They are programs that provide artists with space and resources to support their artistic practice. Contemporary artist residencies are becoming increasingly thematic, with artists working together with their host in pursuit of a specific outcome related to a particular theme.
Sarah Harris Fayerweather
Sarah Harris Fayerweather (April 16, 1812 – November 16, 1878) was an African American activist, abolitionist, and school integrationist. Beginning in January 1833, at the age of twenty, she attended Prudence Crandall's Canterbury Female Boarding School in Canterbury, Connecticut, the first integrated school in the United States.

Prudence Crandall Museum
The Prudence Crandall Museum is a historic house museum, sometimes called the Elisha Payne House for its previous owner. It is located on the southwest corner of the junction of Connecticut Routes 14 and 169, on the Canterbury, Connecticut village green.  It is designated a U.S. National Historic Landmark as Prudence Crandall House.
Royal Police Force of Antigua and Barbuda
The Royal Police Force of Antigua and Barbuda is the law enforcement agency for Antigua and Barbuda. The Commissioner in 2017 was Atlee Rodney. The force has 350 officers.

Law enforcement in Antigua and Barbuda is primarily carried out by the 350-strong Royal Police Force of Antigua and Barbuda. Additionally, the 185-strong Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force  may act as Military Aid to the Civil Power.

Police commissioner
A police commissioner is the head of a police department, responsible for overseeing its operations and ensuring the effective enforcement of laws and maintenance of public order. They develop and implement policies, manage budgets, and coordinate with other law enforcement agencies and community groups. Additionally, the commissioner handles high-profile cases, addresses public concerns, and represents the department in various forums.
Ken Hall (American football)
Charles Kenneth Hall (December 13, 1935 – March 2025), nicknamed "Sugar Land Express", was an American professional football player in the Canadian Football League (CFL), National Football League (NFL) and American Football League (AFL). Playing for the Sugar Land High School Gators (Sugar Land, Texas) from 1950 to 1953, Hall established 17 national football records, several of which still stand.

Sugar Land High School
Sugar Land High School was a senior high school in Sugar Land, Texas and a part of the Sugar Land Independent School District. Children who were white and of groups not black attended this school.

Circa the 1940s many alumni of Sugar Land High attended colleges and universities. The Kempner family arranged to have the campus built.

In 1959 Sugar Land High merged with Missouri City High School to form Dulles High School. This occurred as Sugar Land ISD and Missouri City Independent School District merged, becoming the Fort Bend Independent School District.

Lakeview Elementary School is on the former site of Sugar Land High.
Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog
The Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (or EPIC) is a publicly searchable database of stars and planets that is associated with the K2 "Second Light" plan of the Kepler space telescope mission. Examples of related stars include:  EPIC 201563164, EPIC 204278916, EPIC 204376071 and EPIC 249706694. Examples of related planets include: EPIC 203771098 b, EPIC 203771098 c, EPIC 206011691 c and EPIC 211945201 b.

WD 1145+017
WD 1145+017 (also known as EPIC 201563164) is a white dwarf approximately 476 light-years (146 parsecs) from Earth in the constellation of Virgo. It is the first white dwarf to be observed with a transiting minor planet orbiting it.
Chappelle Matthews
Robert Chappelle Matthews (November 1, 1908 – November 9, 1986) was an American lawyer and politician who served in the Georgia House of Representatives from 1949 to 1977. At the time of his retirement, he was the house's dean, its longest serving member. A resident of Athens, Georgia, home of the University of Georgia, he was a longtime supporter of higher education in the state, serving as chair of the Committee on the University System of Georgia for most of his time in the legislature. The University of Georgia's R. Chappelle Matthews Public Service Complex is named in Matthews's honor and contains a sculpture of him, which was dedicated in 2011. Matthews died on November 9, 1986, in Athens, and was buried in Oconee Hill Cemetery.

Oconee Hill Cemetery
Oconee Hill Cemetery is a historic cemetery located in Athens, Georgia, near the University of Georgia. Established in 1856, it continues to serve as a burial ground and holds significant historical value for the community.

The city of Athens purchased the land for the cemetery in 1855 after burials were prohibited in the original Jackson Street Cemetery, which sits on property owned by the university. The following year, the city established a self-perpetuating Board of Trustees to manage the initial 17 acres (69,000 m2) tract on the west bank of the North Oconee River, designating it as a public cemetery.

On May 22, 2013, Oconee Hill Cemetery was officially listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
John Lyons (bishop)
John Lyons (29 November 1878 - 11 June 1958)
was the Anglican Bishop of Ontario, then Metropolitan of Ontario in the 20th century.

Educated at Trinity College, Toronto, he was the incumbent vicar at Plevna and then rector of Burritts Rapids. He held further positions at Elizabethtown, Picton, Belleville and Prescott. He was appointed Archdeacon of Frontenac in 1930 and Bishop of Ontario in 1932; and, for his last three years in office (1949 to 1952), the Metropolitan of Ontario.

Picton, Ontario
Picton is an unincorporated community located in Prince Edward County in southeastern Ontario, roughly 160 km (99 mi) east of Toronto. It is the county's largest community and former seat located at the southwestern end of Picton Bay, a branch of the Bay of Quinte, which is along the northern shoreline of Lake Ontario. The town is named for Lieutenant General Sir Thomas Picton, who served in the British Army during the Peninsular War in Spain and Portugal. He also saw action at the Battle of Waterloo, where he was killed. It was formerly incorporated as a town. Picton is home to the Picton Pirates of the Provincial Junior Hockey League Tod Division.
The Detroit Eagle
Detroit Eagle (also known as the Eagle) is a nightclub and entertainment complex in Detroit, Michigan. It is part of a larger network of The Eagle (bar), which have a common theme and cater primarily to the LGBTQ+ community, particularly the leather subculture and BDSM subculture.

Leather subculture
Leather subculture denotes practices and styles of dress organized around sexual activities that involve leather garments, such as leather jackets, vests, boots, chaps, harnesses, or other items. Wearing leather garments is one way that participants in this culture self-consciously distinguish themselves from mainstream sexual cultures. Many participants associate leather culture with BDSM practices and its many subcultures. For some, black leather clothing is an erotic fashion that expresses heightened masculinity or the appropriation of sexual power; love of motorcycles, motorcycle clubs and independence; and/or engagement in sexual kink or leather fetishism.
Jan van Orley
Jan van Orley or Jan van Orley II (4 January 1665, in Brussels – 22 February 1735, in Brussels) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman, printmaker and designer of tapestries. Van Orley was one of the major figures of Flemish tapestry design in the late 17th and early 18th century.

After the destruction by French troops of a large number of religious and civic buildings during the Bombardment of Brussels in 1695 he obtained many commissions for religious paintings to redecorate the churches in Brussels that had been destroyed by the French onslaught.

Bombardment of Brussels
During the Nine Years' War, the French Royal Army carried out a bombardment of Brussels from August 13–15, 1695. Led by King Louis XIV and the Duke of Villeroi, French forces bombarded the city in an attempt to divert Grand Alliance troops from reinforcing the concurrent siege of Namur. The bombardment ultimately proved to be the most destructive event in the history of Brussels, destroying a third of the buildings in the city, including the Grand-Place/Grote Markt (Brussels' main square).

After the bombardment, reconstruction efforts over the following years profoundly changed the appearance of the city and left numerous traces still visible today. The French attempt to divert the Grand Alliance was ultimately unsuccessful, though Louis XIV's reputation suffered for his involvement in the destruction of the city.
New Zealand DX class locomotive
The New Zealand DX class locomotive is a type of diesel-electric locomotive that currently operates on New Zealand's national railway network. There are 49 of the locomotives and all are owned by KiwiRail. They have a Co-Co wheel arrangement.

Built by GE Transportation in Erie, Pennsylvania, United States, they were introduced to New Zealand between 1972 and 1976. The class is based on the General Electric U26C model, a narrow-gauge version of the GE U23C model. The locomotives are regarded as one of the most successful purchases in NZR's history.

The locomotives have seen several upgrades since their introduction and three sub-classes now exist: the DXB, DXC and DXR. In 2025, it was announced that 46 of the locomotives had been sold to a South African purchaser, Traxtion.

GE Transportation
GE Transportation is a division of Wabtec. It was known as GE Rail and owned by General Electric until merged into Wabtec on February 25, 2019. The organization manufactures equipment for the railroad, marine, mining, drilling and energy generation industries. The company was founded in 1907. It is headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, while its main manufacturing facility is located in Erie, Pennsylvania. Locomotives are assembled at the Erie plant, while engine manufacturing takes place in Grove City, Pennsylvania. In May 2011, the company announced plans to build a second locomotive factory in Fort Worth, Texas, which opened in January 2013.