hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Volterra lattice
In mathematics, the Volterra lattice, also known as the discrete KdV equation,  the Kac–van Moerbeke lattice, and the Langmuir lattice, is a system of ordinary differential equations with variables indexed by some of the points of a 1-dimensional lattice. It was introduced by Marc Kac and Pierre van Moerbeke (1975) and Jürgen Moser (1975) and is named after Vito Volterra. The Volterra lattice is a special case of the generalized Lotka–Volterra equation describing predator–prey interactions, for a sequence of species with each species preying on the next in the sequence.  The Volterra lattice also behaves like a discrete version of the KdV equation.  The Volterra lattice is an integrable system, and is related to the Toda lattice. It is also used as a model for Langmuir waves in plasmas.

Plasma oscillation
Plasma oscillations, also known as Langmuir waves (eponymously after Irving Langmuir), are rapid oscillations of the electron density in conductive media, most notably plasmas as well as metals, at frequencies typically corresponding to the ultraviolet band of the electromagnetic spectrum. The oscillations can be described as an instability in the dielectric function of a free electron gas. The frequency depends only weakly on the wavelength of the oscillation. The quasiparticle resulting from the quantization of these oscillations is the plasmon.

Langmuir waves were discovered by American physicists Irving Langmuir and Lewi Tonks in the 1920s. They are parallel in form to Jeans instability waves, which are caused by gravitational instabilities in a static medium.
Center for Subjectivity Research
The Center for Subjectivity Research (CFS) is an interdisciplinary research center at the University of Copenhagen, directed by Dan Zahavi. They work on a number of different topics: subjectivity, intentionality, empathy, action, perception, embodiment, naturalism, self-consciousness, self-disorders, schizophrenia, autism, cerebral palsy, normativity, anxiety, and trust, and do scholarly work on classical thinkers such as Kant, Hegel, Kierkegaard, Brentano, Husserl, Heidegger, Wittgenstein, Merleau-Ponty, Levinas, and Ricoeur. They put a variety of philosophical and empirical perspectives on subjectivity into play to obtain mutual enlightenment, and methodological and conceptual pluralism. Hence, they have had collaborations within different disciplines such as phenomenology, analytic philosophy, hermeneutics, psychiatry, neuroscience, philosophy of religion, Asian philosophy, developmental psychology, clinical psychology, and cognitive science.

Levinas
Levinas is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Emmanuel Levinas (1906–1995), French philosopher

Michaël Lévinas (born 1949), French composer, son of Emmanuel

Danielle Cohen-Levinas (born 1959), French musicologist and philosopher, wife of Michaël
Federal Zionism
Federal Zionism or Zionist federalism is an appraisal of federalism within the context of Zionism whereby the state of Israel is re-conceived as a federal nation-state with sovereign divisions for, at least, both the Jewish-majority areas and the Arab/Palestinian-majority areas.

Sovereign
Sovereign is a title that can be applied to the highest leader in various categories. The word is borrowed from Old French souverain, which is ultimately derived from the Latin superānus, meaning 'above'.

The roles of a sovereign vary from monarch, ruler or head of state to head of municipal government or head of a chivalric order. As a result, the word sovereignty has more recently also come to mean independence or autonomy.
Tornado outbreak of April 1977
A violent severe weather outbreak struck the Southeast on April 4–5, 1977. A total of 22 tornadoes touched down with the strongest ones occurring in Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia. The strongest was a catastrophic F5 tornado that struck the northern Birmingham, Alabama, suburbs during the afternoon of Monday, April 4. In addition to this tornado, several other tornadoes were reported from the same system in the Midwest, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi and North Carolina. One tornado in Floyd County, Georgia, killed one person, and another fatality was reported east of Birmingham in St. Clair County. In the end, the entire outbreak directly caused 24 deaths and 158 injuries. The storm system also caused the crash of Southern Airways Flight 242, which killed 72 and injured 22.

Floyd County, Georgia
Floyd County is a county in the Northwest region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 98,584. The county seat is Rome. Floyd County comprises the Rome, Georgia metropolitan statistical area.
Brosnahan
Brosnahan (Irish: Ó Brosnacháin) is an Irish surname. This surname is derived from the place of Brosna, County Kerry, in Ireland. Notable people with the surname include:

James D. Brosnahan (born 1963), American politician

Maureen Brosnahan, Canadian journalist

Rachel Brosnahan (born 1990), American actress

Seán Brosnahan (1911–1987), Irish independent politician

Seán Brosnahan
Seán Brosnahan (26 August 1911 – 9 December 1987) was an Irish independent politician. He was a trade union official and general secretary of the Irish National Teachers' Organisation (INTO) from 1967 to 1978. From 1947 to 1948, Brosnahan served as president of the INTO.

He was elected to Seanad Éireann by the Labour Panel at the 1961 Seanad election, and re-elected in 1965, 1969 and 1973. He lost his seat at the 1977 Seanad election.
Ricardian equivalence
The Ricardian equivalence proposition (also known as the Ricardo–de Viti–Barro equivalence theorem) is an economic hypothesis holding that consumers are forward-looking and so internalize the government's budget constraint when making their consumption decisions. This leads to the result that, for a given pattern of government spending, the method of financing such spending does not affect agents' consumption decisions, and thus, it does not change aggregate demand.

New classical macroeconomics
New classical macroeconomics is a school of thought in macroeconomics based on a neoclassical framework. It emphasizes the importance of foundations based on microeconomics, especially rational expectations.

New classical macroeconomics uses neoclassical microeconomic foundations for macroeconomic analysis. This is in contrast with the new Keynesian school that uses microfoundations, such as price stickiness and imperfect competition, to generate macroeconomic models similar to earlier, Keynesian ones.
Miller baronets of Chichester (1705)
The Miller baronetcy, of Chichester in the County of Sussex, was created in the Baronetage of England on 29 October 1705 for Thomas Miller, Member of Parliament for Chichester. His father Mark Miller was an Alderman and Mayor of Chichester.

The 2nd Baronet represented Chichester and Sussex in the House of Commons; the 3rd Baronet was Member of Parliament for Chichester. The 5th Baronet sat as Member of Parliament for Lewes and Portsmouth.

Portsmouth (UK Parliament constituency)
Portsmouth was a borough constituency based upon the borough of Portsmouth in Hampshire.  It returned two members of parliament (MPs) to the Parliaments of England, Great Britain and from 1801 the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the bloc vote system.
Hypospray
A hypospray is a medical device in the science fiction television series Star Trek. It is similar to a jet injector, a real medical device, with the main difference being that the fictional medical device does not penetrate the skin.

The concept of the hypospray was developed when producers of the original Star Trek series discovered that NBC's broadcast standards and practices prohibited the use of hypodermic syringes to inject medications; the needleless hypospray sidestepped this issue. The prop used in the original series appeared to be a modified fuel injector for a large automotive diesel engine, similar to the engines from which jet injectors were derived.

Syringe
A syringe is a simple reciprocating pump consisting of a plunger (though in modern syringes, it is actually a piston) that fits tightly within a cylindrical tube called a barrel. The plunger can be linearly pulled and pushed along the inside of the tube, allowing the syringe to take in and expel liquid or gas through a discharge orifice at the front (open) end of the tube.  The open end of the syringe may be fitted with a hypodermic needle, a nozzle or tubing to direct the flow into and out of the barrel.  Syringes are frequently used in clinical medicine to administer injections, infuse intravenous therapy into the bloodstream, apply compounds such as glue or lubricant, and draw/measure liquids. There are also prefilled syringes (disposable syringes marketed with liquid inside).

The word "syringe" is derived from the Greek σῦριγξ (syrinx, meaning "Pan flute", "tube").
Neil Flanz
Neil Lanny Flanz (June 22, 1938 – December 2, 2021) was a Canadian pedal steel guitarist who grew up in Montreal. In the mid-1960s he moved to Nashville and played on the Grand Ole Opry. He later lived in Florida and Austin, Texas. The Austin Chronicle dubbed Flanz' playing style as "country traditionalist". He is perhaps best known for his performance as a member of Gram Parsons' Fallen Angels. He played and toured for over 30 years with artists including Marcia Ball, Emmylou Harris, Charlie Louvin and Joe Sun. Flanz was inducted into the International Steel Guitar Hall of Fame in 2016.

Marcia Ball
Marcia Ball (born March 20, 1949) is an American retired blues singer and pianist raised in Vinton, Louisiana.

Ball was described in USA Today as "a sensation, saucy singer and superb pianist... where Texas stomp-rock and Louisiana blues-swamp meet." The Boston Globe described her music as "an irresistible celebratory blend of rollicking, two-fisted New Orleans piano, Louisiana swamp rock and smoldering Texas blues from a contemporary storyteller."
United Left Election Committee
The United Left Election Committee was an electoral alliance in West Bengal, India, formed ahead of the 1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election. The Committee consisted of the Communist Party of India, the Revolutionary Socialist Party, the Praja Socialist Party, the All India Forward Bloc and the Marxist Forward Bloc. The formation of the electoral alliance was announced at a mass meeting at Shahid Minar in January 1957.

The front gained 33.6% of the votes in the state and 80 out of 196 seats in Assembly.

All India Forward Bloc
The All India Forward Bloc (abbr. AIFB) is a left-wing nationalist political party in India. It emerged as a faction within the Indian National Congress in 1939, led by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, and was strongest in West Bengal. The party re-established as an independent political party after the independence of India. During the 1951–1952 and 1957 Indian general election, the party was known as Forward Bloc. The party's current Secretary-General is G. Devarajan. Veteran Indian politicians Sarat Chandra Bose (brother of Subhas Chandra Bose) and Chitta Basu had been the stalwarts of the party in independent India.

Leveraging Netaji's sway over the populace, the organization had established its electoral footprint after Independence in states like Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, and Assam, with West Bengal as its primary bastion. However, after eight decades, the party, now confined to select regions, lacks any Members of Parliament or Legislative Assembly representatives.
59th Army Group Royal Artillery
59th Army Group Royal Artillery was an artillery formation of the British Army in World War II. Having operated in the North West Europe theatre in late 1944, it was switched to India to command artillery units preparing for the liberation of South-East Asia.

South-East Asian theatre of World War II
The South-East Asian Theatre of World War II consisted of the campaigns of the Pacific War in the Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, Indochina, Burma, India, Malaya, and Singapore between 1941 and 1945.

Japan attacked British and American territories with near-simultaneous offensives against Southeast Asia and the Central Pacific on 7/8 December 1941. Action in this theatre ended when Japan announced an intent to surrender on 15 August 1945. The formal surrender of Japan ceremony took place on 2 September 1945.
È l'uomo per me
"È l'uomo per me" (English: He's a man to me) is a song by Italian singer Mina. The song is an Italian-language cover of the song "He Walks Like a Man" (1964) by American country singer Jody Miller. The music was written by Diane Hildebrand, and the Italian lyrics was written by Gaspare Gabriele Abbate and Vito Pallavicini. The song was released as a single and reached the top of the Italian chart, spending seven consecutive weeks at number one. The song "So che non e così" was used as the B-side.

Mina recorded Spanish versions of both songs under the titles "Mi hombre será" ("È l'uomo per me") and "Se que no es así" ("So che non e così"). Later, both songs were included in the EP Canta en Español released in Spain.

Diane Hildebrand
Diane Hildebrand (April 13, 1945 - February 19, 2025) was an American pop singer-songwriter. She wrote for several musicians during the 1960s and 1970s, but is most notable for her work with Screen Gems Music Publishing, penning material for the band the Monkees. In 1969, Hildebrand recorded her debut studio album, Early Morning Blues and Greens. She later released two additional albums under the name Joya Diane Skye.
Longing for the Sea
Longing for the Sea (Swedish: Längtan till havet) is a 1931 French-Swedish drama film directed by John W. Brunius and starring Edvin Adolphson, Carl Barcklind and Inga Tidblad. It is the Swedish-language version of the French film Marius directed by Alexander Korda and based on the 1929 play of the same title by Marcel Pagnol. It was shot at the Joinville Studios in Paris and on location in Marseille. The film's sets were designed by the art director Vincent Korda.

Marius (play)
Marius is a 1929 play by the French writer Marcel Pagnol. It takes place in Marseille, where a young man named Marius working in a café dreams of going to sea, his obsession eventually overcoming his developing romance with Fanny, a local girl who is his childhood friend.

Two years later a British version Sea Fever by John Van Druten was staged unsuccessfully in the West End. The same year Pagnol wrote a sequel, Fanny.
Mosty u Jablunkova
Mosty u Jablunkova (until 1949 Mosty; Polish: Mosty koło Jabłonkowaⓘ, German: Mosty bei Jablunkau) is a municipality and village in Frýdek-Místek District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 3,600 inhabitants. The municipality has a significant Polish minority.

Moravian-Silesian Region
The Moravian-Silesian Region (Czech: Moravskoslezský kraj) is one of the 14 administrative regions of the Czech Republic. Before May 2001, it was called the Ostrava Region (Czech: Ostravský kraj). The region is located in the north-eastern part of its historical region of Moravia and in most of the Czech part of the historical region of Silesia. The region borders the Olomouc Region to the west and the Zlín Region to the south. It also borders two other countries – Poland (Opole and Silesian Voivodeships) to the north and Slovakia (Žilina Region) to the east.

It is a highly industrialized region, its capital Ostrava was actually called the "Steel Heart of the Republic". In addition, it has several mountainous areas where the landscape is relatively preserved. Nowadays, the economy of the region benefits from its location in the Czech/Polish/Slovak borderlands.
2004 Big East men's basketball tournament
The 2004 Big East men's basketball tournament, a part of the 2003–04 NCAA Division I men's basketball season, took place from March 10–13, 2004 at Madison Square Garden in New York City. It was a single-elimination tournament with four rounds and the four highest seeds (two from each Big East division) received byes in the first round. The twelve Big East teams with the best conference records were invited to participate.  The winner, Connecticut, received the Big East Conference's automatic bid to the 2004 NCAA tournament, the sixth for the Huskies, tying Georgetown  for the most Big East tournament championships.

2003–04 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team
The 2003–04 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team represented the University of Connecticut in the 2003–2004 NCAA Division I basketball season. Coached by Jim Calhoun, the Huskies played their home games at the Hartford Civic Center in Hartford, Connecticut, and on campus at the Harry A. Gampel Pavilion in Storrs, Connecticut, and were a member of the Big East Conference.  They won their record-tying sixth Big East tournament.  On April 6, 2004, UConn claimed their second national championship by defeating Georgia Tech, 82–73.
Reformed Catholic Church (Venezuela)
The Reformed Catholic Church of Venezuela (Anglican Rite) (Spanish: Iglesia Católica Reformada de Venezuela) is a member jurisdiction of the Latin-American Anglican Church, a part of the global Orthodox Anglican Communion, and has received recognition from the Conservative Anglican Church of North America, a small United States-based group.  It is therefore not a part of the Anglican Communion or the Roman Catholic Church.

Orthodox Anglican Communion
The Orthodox Anglican Communion (OAC) is a communion of churches established in the United States, in 1964 or 1967, by James Parker Dees. It was formed outside of the See of Canterbury and is not part of the Anglican Communion. The OAC adheres to the doctrine, discipline and worship contained in the 1662 Book of Common Prayer and the 1562 Articles of Religion.

The OAC was created as a conservative alternative to the mainstream Anglican Communion. Its presiding bishop also serves as its metropolitan. It claims to have "over one million lay members".
Kiniviliame Taukeinikoro
Ratu Kiniviliame Taukeinikoro is a Fijian Chief and former political leader.  From 2001 to 2006, he represented the Province of Namosi in the Senate as one of fourteen nominees of the Great Council of Chiefs.  He was a member of the Joint Sector Committee on Economic Services.

In the parliamentary election of 1999, he was an unsuccessful candidate of the Soqosoqo ni Vakavulewa ni Taukei (SVT) for the Namosi Fijian Communal Constituency in the House of Representatives.

Senate of Fiji
The Senate of Fiji was the upper chamber of Parliament. It was abolished by the 2013 Constitution of Fiji, after a series of military coups. It was the less powerful of the two chambers; it could not initiate legislation, but could amend or veto it.  The Senate's powers over financial bills were more restricted: it could veto them in their entirety, but could not amend them.  The House of Representatives could override a senatorial veto by passing the bill a second time in the parliamentary session immediately following the one in which it was rejected by the Senate, after a minimum period of six months.  Amendments to the Constitution were excepted: the veto of the Senate was absolute.  Following the passage of a bill by the House of Representatives, the Senate had 21 days (7 days in the case of a bill classified as "urgent") to approve, amend, or reject it; if at the expiry of that period the Senate had done nothing about it, it was deemed to have passed the bill.
Pablo Rubinstein
Pablo Rubinstein is a pioneer (during the 1980s) in freezing of umbilical cord blood or placental blood cells for the use for unrelated donors to treat diseases like leukemia and genetic diseases such as Tay–Sachs disease and sickle cell anemia.  He pioneered and established an international cord blood banking system and has played a leading role in international cord blood transplantation.

Cord blood
Cord blood (umbilical cord blood) is blood that remains in the placenta and in the attached umbilical cord after childbirth. Cord blood is collected because it contains stem cells, which can be used to treat hematopoietic and genetic disorders such as cancer.
Chak-pur
Chak-pur (Standard Tibetan: ལྕགས་ཕུར) are the traditional tools used in Tibetan sandpainting to produce sand mandalas. They are conically shaped metal funnels and often have ridges down the sides. Normally about 12–18 inches (300–460 mm) in length, they taper to a fine point and are made with varying diameter holes at the end in order to disperse the sand in a controlled way. A Tibetan monk will usually tap glide a piece of wood over the ridges in order to slowly allow the sand to emerge through the hole through the vibrations created.

Lhasa Tibetan
Lhasa Tibetan or Standard Tibetan is a standardized dialect of Tibetan spoken by the people of Lhasa, the capital of the Tibetan Autonomous Region. It is an official language of the Tibet Autonomous Region.

In the traditional "three-branched" classification of the Tibetic languages, the Lhasa dialect belongs to the Central Tibetan branch (the other two being Khams Tibetan and Amdo Tibetan). In terms of mutual intelligibility, speakers of Khams Tibetan are able to communicate at a basic level with Lhasa Tibetan, while Amdo speakers cannot. Both Lhasa Tibetan and Khams Tibetan evolved to become tonal and do not preserve the word-initial consonant clusters, which makes them very far from Classical Tibetan, especially when compared to the more conservative Amdo Tibetan.
Lamri Ali
Datuk Lamri Ali is a former director of Sabah Parks.  At the December 1999 World Conservation Union (IUCN)'s regional meeting staged in Pakse, Laos, Ali was awarded the WCPA-IUCN Fred M. Packard Award. The award recognises his contribution to nature conservation and protected area movement in Malaysia. Datuk Lamri is the only Malaysian recipient of this award.

Nepenthes × alisaputrana, a hybrid of two well-known Bornean pitcher plant species, is named in his honour.

Pakse
Pakse (or Pakxe; French: Paksé; Laotian: ປາກເຊ [pȁːk séː] 'mouth of the river') is the capital and most populous city of the southern Laotian province of Champasak. Located at the confluence of the Xe Don and Mekong Rivers, the district had a population of approximately 77,900 at the 2015 Laotian census.
Houdini (1998 film)
Houdini is a 1998 American biographical drama television film about the life of the magician Harry Houdini, written and directed by Pen Densham. It stars Johnathon Schaech, Stacy Edwards, Paul Sorvino and David Warner. It debuted on TNT on December 6, 1998.

Pen Densham
Pen Densham (born 14 October 1947) is a British-Canadian film and television producer, writer, and director, known for writing and producing films such as Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves and television revivals of The Outer Limits and The Twilight Zone, as well as writing, producing and directing MGM's Moll Flanders.
Second Half
Second Half (Norwegian: Andre omgang) is a 2007 Norwegian comedy film directed by Hilde Heier, starring Johannes Joner, Espen Reboli Bjerke and Baard Owe. The two brothers Erik (Bjerke) and Sverre (Joner) are both experiencing relationship problems, while their father (Owe) has to place his wife in a retirement home after she develops Alzheimer. Every Sunday the three meet to watch their favourite club, Skeid, play football. However, there is fear that they may get relegated this year.

Baard Owe
Baard Arne Owe (3 July 1936, Mosjøen, Norway – 11 November 2017, aged 81, Copenhagen, Denmark), sometimes credited Bård Owe, was a Norwegian-born Danish actor who appeared in many Scandinavian films and television series.

Owe was born in Norway in 1936. He was educated at the National School of Theater in Oslo and apprenticed at the Aalborg Theatre until 1958. He performed in the Eurovision Song Contest 1962, after which his career grew.

Owe is mostly known for his roles in the television series The Kingdom and Hotellet. He was also noted for his roles in films such as Gertrud and O' Horten. His final performances were in the Danish film C4 and the English film Good Favour.

Owe was married to actress Marie-Louise Coninck, with whom he had four children. Owe died of lung cancer at his home aged 81 on 11 November 2017.