hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
New methylene blue
New methylene blue (NMB; sometimes Basic Blue 24) is an organic compound of the thiazine class of heterocycles. It is used as a stain and as an antimicrobial agent. It is classified as an azine dye, and the chromophore is a cation, the anion is often unspecified.

New methylene blue contains the word new in its name to differentiate the effectiveness of staining, between its predecessor methylene blue, the chemical structure of methylene blue, and the colors between the two.

Chromophore
A chromophore is the part of a molecule responsible for its color. The word is derived from Ancient Greek  χρῶμᾰ (chroma) 'color' and  -φόρος (phoros) 'carrier of'.
The color that is seen by our eyes is that of the light not absorbed by the reflecting object within a certain wavelength spectrum of visible light. The chromophore is a region in the molecule where the energy difference between two separate molecular orbitals falls within the range of the visible spectrum (or in informal contexts, the spectrum under scrutiny). Visible light that hits the chromophore can thus be absorbed by exciting an electron from its ground state into an excited state. In biological molecules that serve to capture or detect light energy, the chromophore is the moiety that causes a conformational change in the molecule when hit by light.
Mota Lava
Mota Lava or Motalava is an island of the Banks group, in the north of Vanuatu. It forms a single coral system with the small island of Ra.

The 2009 census figures give a population of 1,640 inhabitants (Mota Lava + Ra), which amounts to a population density of 67 people per km2.

2009 Vanuatu census
The 2009 census of Vanuatu was conducted on 16 November 2009. The census revealed growth by an average of 2.3 percent a year since the previous census in 1999.

The 2009 census was "the first time the Vanuatu National Statistics Office (VNSO) extensively used geographic information system (GIS) technology for a household survey with the exact location of every household in Vanuatu captured through Global Positioning System (GPS) handsets" and "the first time the VNSO used scanning technology to capture the information from the questionnaires into the computer database."
Jeff Gamble
Jeff Gamble (24 May 1935 – 20 June 1996) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Gamble, recruited from local club Aberfeldie, was a key defender for Essendon, after starting out as a follower.

He had his best season in 1958 when he finished equal sixth in the Brownlow Medal count and was second in the Essendon Best and Fairest.

Gamble was Essendon's centre half-back in their 1957 VFL Grand Final loss to Melbourne.

During the 1959 season he suffered a knee injury and had to have cartilage removed. He managed to play ten games in 1960 but he was then forced to retire due to the injury.

Gamble was the uncle of actress Cate Blanchett through his sister, June and also provided the inspiration to Kevin Andrews, who composed the Essendon club song on the kitchen table of his parents, Horace and Rosalie Jean Gamble.

Crichton Medal
The Crichton Medal is the best and fairest award for the Australian rules football team the Essendon Football Club. Since 1959 or 1960, it has been known officially as the W. S. Crichton Medal. The naming of the award is in honour of Wally Crichton, a former administrator for Essendon (who was a committeeman from 1926 to 1931, vice-president from 1932 to 1940, and president from 1941 to 1959). The voting system as of the 2017 AFL season consists of five coaches, giving each player a ranking from zero to five after each match. Players can receive a maximum of 25 votes for a game.

Essendon's best-and-fairest award has been awarded since 1897, although records of winners between 1897 and 1921 are incomplete. The award was suspended during World War I.
George Soper (illustrator)
George Soper RE (1870–1942) was an English illustrator and etcher whose work appears in books, magazines and journals, including Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, The Water Babies, Lamb’s Tales from Shakespeare, Arabian Nights and Grimm’s Fairy Tales. Soper is best known for his images from the late nineteenth century onwards that depict rural life in Britain. He was selected to exhibit at the Royal Academy when just 19, and continued to exhibit there most years for the rest of his life.

The Water-Babies
The Water-Babies: A Fairy Tale for a Land-Baby is a children's novel by Charles Kingsley. Written in 1862–1863 as a serial for Macmillan's Magazine, it was first published in its entirety in 1863. It was written as part satire in support of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species. The book was extremely popular in the United Kingdom and was a mainstay of British children's literature for many decades.  The book was selected by Julia Eccleshare as one of the 1001 Children's Books You Must Read Before You Grow Up (2009).
Max Watman
Max Watman (born 1971) is an American author. Born in Shenandoah Valley, Virginia, he holds degrees from Virginia Commonwealth University and Columbia University, and currently lives in Powhatan, Virginia with his wife and son.

He has published three books of nonfiction, including two narrative American histories (of horse racing and moonshine, respectively) and a memoir of his own attempts to engage with the modern realities of food production.

Race Day: A Spot on the Rail with Max Watman (2005, Ivan R. Dee)

Chasing the White Dog: An Amateur Outlaw's Adventures in Moonshine (2010, Simon & Schuster)

Harvest: Field Notes From a Far-Flung Pursuit of Real Food (2014, Norton)

Shenandoah Valley
The Shenandoah Valley (/ˌʃɛnənˈdoʊə/) is a geographic valley and cultural region of western Virginia and the eastern panhandle of West Virginia in the United States. The Valley is bounded to the east by the Blue Ridge Mountains, to the west by the eastern front of the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians (excluding Massanutten Mountain), to the north by the Potomac River, to the south by the James River, and to the Southwest by the New River Valley. The cultural region covers a larger area that includes all of the Valley plus the Virginia Highlands to the west and the Roanoke Valley to the south. It is physiographically located within the Ridge and Valley Province and is a portion of the Great Appalachian Valley.
Connie Hedegaard
Connie Hedegaard Koksbang (born 15 September 1960) is a Danish politician and public intellectual. She was European Commissioner for Climate Action in the (second Barroso) European Commission from 10 February 2010 through 31 October 2014.

On behalf of Denmark, Hedegaard hosted the UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen 2009. She was Danish Minister for Climate and Energy from 23 November 2007 as a member of the Cabinet of Anders Fogh Rasmussen III and that of Lars Løkke Rasmussen and had been the Danish Minister for the Environment from 2 August 2004 to 23 November 2007, as a member of the Cabinet of Anders Fogh Rasmussen I and II.

In Denmark, Hedegaard is a member of the Conservative People's Party (DKF), and elected member of parliament (Folketing) from 10 January 1984 to 3 October 1990 and again in the 2005 Danish parliamentary election. Prior to becoming a minister, she worked as a journalist at DR, the Danish national broadcaster.

Lars Løkke Rasmussen I Cabinet
The First cabinet of Lars Løkke Rasmussen, was announced on 5 April 2009 as Lars Løkke became prime minister after Anders Fogh Rasmussen was offered the post of Secretary General of NATO on 4 April 2009.

Following the 2011 parliamentary election, Lars Løkke Rasmussen was replaced as Prime Minister of Denmark by the Social Democrat Helle Thorning-Schmidt.
Tejas (album)
Tejas is the fifth studio album by the American rock band ZZ Top. It was released in November 1976, on the London label. The title is a Caddo language word meaning "friends", which is the origin of the name of the band's home state, Texas.

London Recordings
London Recordings (or London Records and London Music Stream) is a British record label that marketed records in the United States, Canada, and Latin America for Decca Records from 1947 to 1980 before becoming semi-independent.  The London name – as London American Recordings, often shortened to London American – was also used by British Decca in the UK market, for releases taken from American labels, which British Decca licensed.

The label is owned by Because Music, which also owns most of the label's 1980s and 1990s UK catalogue.
Quince
The quince (/ˈkwɪns/; Cydonia oblonga) is the sole member of the genus Cydonia in the Malinae subtribe (which contains apples, pears, and other fruits) of the Rosaceae family. It is a deciduous tree that bears hard, aromatic bright golden-yellow pome fruit, similar in appearance to a pear. Ripe quince fruits are hard, tart, and astringent. They are eaten raw or processed into jam, quince cheese, or alcoholic drinks.

The quince tree is sometimes grown as an ornamental plant for its attractive pale pink blossoms and as a miniature bonsai plant.

Fruit preserves
Fruit preserves are preparations of fruits whose main preserving agent is sugar and sometimes acid, often stored in glass jars and used as a condiment or spread.

There are many varieties of fruit preserves globally, distinguished by the method of preparation, type of fruit used, and its place in a meal. Sweet fruit preserves such as jams, jellies, and marmalades are often eaten at breakfast with bread or as an ingredient of a pastry or dessert, whereas more savory and acidic preserves made from "vegetable fruits" such as tomato, squash or zucchini, are eaten alongside savory foods such as cheese, cold meats, and curries.
Oberelchingen station
Oberelchingen station is a railway station in the municipality of Elchingen, located in the Neu-Ulm district in Bavaria, Germany. The station lies on the Brenz Railway. The train services are operated by SWEG Bahn Stuttgart.

Neu-Ulm (district)
Neu-Ulm is a Landkreis (district) in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the east and clockwise) the districts of Günzburg and Unterallgäu and the state of Baden-Württemberg (districts Biberach and Alb-Donau, city of Ulm).

The district was established in 1972 by merging the former districts of Neu-Ulm and Illertissen with the previously district-free city of Neu-Ulm.

The district includes the eastern metropolitan area of the city of Ulm. The Danube and its tributary, the Iller, form the western border of the district.
Bart Ravensbergen
Bart Ravensbergen (born 14 March 1993) is a Dutch handball player in the German Bundesliga for Frisch Auf! Göppingen. He is the goalkeeper of the Dutch national team.

He represented the Netherlands at the 2023 World Men's Handball Championship and at three European Championships including their inaugural tournament in 2020.

Frisch Auf Göppingen
Turn- und Polizeisportgemeinschaft Frisch Auf Göppingen e.V. is a sports club from Germany, located in Göppingen, Baden-Württemberg. The club's men's handball team plays under the name FRISCH AUF! Göppingen in Handball-Bundesliga. Nine-time champions of Germany, Göppingen were at their most successful during the early 1960s. The club's women's handball team Frisch Auf Frauen also plays in Handball-Bundesliga.
The Great British Sewing Bee series 11
The eleventh series of The Great British Sewing Bee began on 15 July 2025. Sara Pascoe, who had previously presented the eight and ninth series, returned as the presenter of the show after taking a season off due to maternity leave. Both Esme Young and Patrick Grant returned as the judges. The series consisted of 12 contestants competing to be named the best sewer. The show aired on BBC One. The series was filmed at Sunny Bank Mills, a former textile mill located in Farsley, Leeds. The mill, which was founded in 1829, was a working textile mill until 2008.

Sunny Bank Mills
Sunny Bank Mills is a former textile mill, which specialised in worsted cloth, set in 10 acres of land located on Town Street, Farsley, Leeds, England. Since 2010, it has been developed as a business and artistic community, with an exhibitions gallery selling fine art by local artists; a textile and local history archive; shops, cafés, artist studios; as well as outdoor spaces. It is run by the Gaunt family who took ownership in 1943. The archive was awarded Archive Community Accreditation by West Yorkshire Archive Service in January 2021.
Mans de Breish
Mans de Breish (born as Gérard Pourhomme on January 29, 1949) is a French Occitan language singer from Carcassonne in Occitanie (southern France). He was one of the main figures of Nòva cançon in the 1970s.

Occitania (administrative region)
Occitania (French: Occitanie [ɔksitani] ⓘ; Occitan: Occitània [utsiˈtanjɔ]; Catalan: Occitània [uksiˈtaniə]) is the southernmost administrative region of metropolitan France excluding Corsica, located in the south of the country, created on 1 January 2016 from the former regions of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées. The Council of State approved Occitania as the new name of the region on 28 September 2016, coming into effect on 30 September 2016.

The modern administrative region is named after the larger cultural and historical region of Occitania, which corresponds with the southern third of France. The region of Occitania as it is today covers a territory similar to that ruled by the Counts of Toulouse in the 12th and 13th centuries. The banner of arms of the Counts of Toulouse, known colloquially as the Occitan cross, is used by the modern region and is also a popular cultural symbol. In 2022, Occitania had a population of 6,080,731.
Jakob Näs
Jakob Näs (30 October 1842, Munsala - 9 March 1918) was a Finnish farmer and politician. He was a member of the Diet of Finland from 1894 to 1906 and of the Parliament of Finland from 1907 to 1908, representing the Swedish People's Party of Finland (SFP).

Nykarleby
Nykarleby (Finland Swedish: [nyˈkɑːrleˌbyː]; Finnish: Uusikaarlepyy, Finnish: [ˈuːsiˌkɑːrlepyː]) is a town in Finland, located on the west coast of the country. The town is situated in Ostrobothnia, along the Gulf of Bothnia. The population is approximately 7,000, while the sub-region has a population of approximately 52,000. It is the 127th most populous municipality in Finland.

Nykarleby is a bilingual municipality with Finnish and Swedish as its official languages. The population consists of 7% Finnish speakers, 84% Swedish speakers, and 10% speakers of other languages.

The largest employers in the town are Prevex (member of KWH Group), a packaging and piping products manufacturer, Westwood, which manufactures wooden staircases, and in the village of Jeppo, KWH Mirka, a coated abrasives manufacturer. A Swedish-speaking art school (Svenska Konstskolan) is located in Nykarleby town.
Fafin
Fafin (Arabic: فافين, romanized: Fāfīn) is a village in northern Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. Located just 15 km (9.3 mi) north of the city of Aleppo and some 9 km (5.6 mi) south of Mare, it administratively forms part of Nahiya Mare' in A'zaz District. The village had a population of 3,183 as per the 2004 census.

Mare' Subdistrict
Mare' Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية مارع, romanized: Nāḥiyah Mare')  is a subdistrict of Azaz District in the Aleppo Governorate of northern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Mare'. Adjacent subdistricts of Azaz District are Tell Rifaat to the west, Sawran to the north and Akhtarin to the east.

At the 2004 census, the subdistrict had a population of 39,306.
1978 Swazi general election
General elections were held in Swaziland on 27 October 1978. The elections were held using the tinkhundla system, in which voters elected 80 members (out of the 160 candidates) to an electoral college, who then selected 40 non-party candidates for the Parliament, whilst the King appointed a further ten. The new system strengthened the position of the country's traditionalists.

The number of seats had been increased from 24 (at the last election in 1972) to 50 due to a significant population increase. There was no voter registration and chiefs were required to ensure that only Swazi citizens could vote.

King of Eswatini
King of Eswatini, officially Ngwenyama (lit. 'Lion', pl. tiNgwenyama, also iNgwenyama or Inkosi), is the title of the male monarch and head of state of Eswatini. The King (Ngwenyama) reigns together with the Queen Mother (Indlovukazi), a spiritual leadership position held by the Ngwenyama's mother or another female royal of high status.

The current king is Mswati III, who has reigned since 1986. The annual budget allocated to the King and the royal household amounts to $61 million. The King is also the Commander-in-Chief of the army
Tolosa, Buenos Aires
Tolosa is a town located in the La Plata Partido of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is part of the Greater La Plata metropolitan area.

Tolosa is the birthplace of former President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner.

President of Argentina
The president of Argentina, officially known as the president of the Argentine Nation, is both head of state and head of government of Argentina. Under the national constitution, the president is also the chief executive of the federal government and commander-in-chief of the armed forces.

Throughout Argentine history, the office of head of state has undergone many changes, both in its title as in its features and powers. The current president Javier Milei was sworn into office on 10 December 2023. He succeeded Alberto Fernández.

The constitution of Argentina, along with several constitutional amendments, establishes the requirements, powers, and responsibilities of the president, the term of office and the method of election.
Wal Matthews
Llewellyn Walter Matthews (12 May 1894 – 12 March 1973) was an  Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Matthews coached Nagambie in 1925, before being appointed as captain / coach of Benalla Football Club in the Ovens & Murray Football League in June 1926.

Ovens & Murray Football Netball League
The Ovens and Murray Football Netball League (OMFNL or O&MFNL) is an Australian rules football and netball competition containing ten clubs based in north-eastern Victoria, the southern Riverina region of New South Wales and the Ovens and Murray area. The name comes from the Ovens River, the river in the part of north-eastern Victoria covered by the league, and the Murray River, which separates Victoria and New South Wales.

The league features three grades in the Australian rules football competition, with these being Seniors, Reserve-Grade and Under 18s. In the netball competition, there are four grades, with these being A-Grade, B-Grade, C-Grade and Under 16s.

Currently a home and away season consisting of eighteen rounds is played. The best five teams then play off according to the McIntyre system, culminating in the O&MFNL Grand Final, which from 1995 to 2017 was held at the Lavington Sports Ground in the Albury suburb of Hamilton Valley.
Themisto libellula
Themisto libellula is a marine amphipod of the family Hyperiidae. The species lives for 2 to 3 years, and grows up to 60 millimetres (2.4 in) over its lifetime. They are found in large quantities in Arctic water.

In the summer, they eat more lipids to store as fuel for the winter. During the mid-winter, they eat copepods, such as Calanus finmarchicus. T. libellula is eaten by cod, polar cod, and mammals at the ice edge. In the early 2000s, the population of the species began to decrease; these effects rippled through the food chain. The levels later rose in cool years, and T. libellula have moved south of the Arctic Circle. They have been observed in mass mortalities, where millions of T. libellula wash up dead on the coast.

Mass mortality event
A mass mortality event (MME), also known as a mass die-off (or simply die-off), is an incident that kills a vast number of individuals of a single species in a short period of time. The event may put a species at risk of extinction or upset an ecosystem. This is distinct from the mass die-off associated with short lived and synchronous emergent insect taxa which is a regular and non-catastrophic occurrence.

Causes of MME's include disease and human-related activities such as pollution. Climatic extremes and other environmental influences such as oxygen stress in aquatic environments play a role, as does starvation. In many MME's there are multiple stressors. An analysis of such events from 1940 to 2012 found that these events have become more common for birds, fish and marine invertebrates, but have declined for amphibians and reptiles and not changed for mammals.
Pandivere
Pandivere (German: Pantifer) is a village in Väike-Maarja Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia. It has a population of 101 (as of 1 January 2011).

The surrounding upland Pandivere Heights (Pandivere kõrgustik) is named after the village.

Poet and writer Jakob Liiv worked as a schoolteacher in Pandivere from 1884 to 1886.

Lääne-Viru County
Lääne-Viru County (Estonian: Lääne-Viru maakond or Lääne-Virumaa) is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is in northern Estonia, on the south coast of the Gulf of Finland. In Estonian, lääne means 'western' and ida means 'east' or 'eastern'. Lääne-Viru borders Ida-Viru County to the east, Jõgeva County to the south, and Järva and Harju counties to the west. In January 2013, Lääne-Viru County had a population of 58,806, or 4.5% of the population of Estonia.
The Mall at Partridge Creek
The Mall at Partridge Creek is an open-air shopping center in Clinton Township,  a suburb of Detroit, Michigan, United States. The mall opened to the public on October 18, 2007. The mall features the large-scale traditional retailer L.L.Bean in addition to a Cooper's Hawk, , P. F. Chang's, and a large 14-screen MJR Theatres. The mall also features prominent specialty retailers such as Evereve, Lululemon Athletica, Dry Goods, Lush Cosmetics, and White House Black Market.

The Mall at Partridge Creek feature, pop jet fountains, a 40' fireplace, a TV court, and welcomes dogs and provides four dog comfort stations on site.

Lululemon
Lululemon, commonly styled as lululemon (/ˌluːluˈlɛmən/ ⓘ loo-loo-LEM-ən; all lowercase), is an American-Canadian multinational athletic apparel retailer headquartered in Vancouver, British Columbia, and incorporated in Delaware, United States, as Lululemon Athletica Inc. It was founded in 1998 as a retailer of yoga pants and other yoga wear, and has expanded to also sell sportswear, lifestyle apparel, accessories and personal care products. The company has 767 stores (as of fiscal year 2024) and also processes sales online through its website.
Caleana minor
Caleana  minor, commonly known as the small duck orchid or flying duck orchid, is a species of orchid native to eastern Australia and the North Island of New Zealand. It has a single reddish brown, grass-like leaf and up to four yellowish to reddish flowers on a wiry flowering stem. The sepals and petals are directed downwards near the broad column wings and the labellum is directed upwards and covered with warty glands.

Column (botany)
The column, or technically the gynostemium, is a reproductive structure that can be found in several plant families: Aristolochiaceae, Orchidaceae, and Stylidiaceae.

It is derived from the fusion of both male and female parts (stamens and pistil) into a single organ. The top part of the column is formed by the anther, which is covered by an anther cap. This means that the style and stigma of the pistil, with the filaments  and one or more anthers, are all united.