hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hôtel Matignon
The Hôtel Matignon (French: Hôtel de Matignon, pronounced [otɛl d(ə) matiɲɔ̃]) is the official residence of the Prime Minister of France. It is located in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, at 57 Rue de Varenne. The name Matignon is often used as a metonym for the governmental action of the prime minister.

Duke of Galliera
Duke of Galliera is a title of Italian nobility that has been created several times for members of different families. The name of the title refers to the comune of Galliera, which is located in the Province of Bologna in Emilia–Romagna.
Ice Dogs
Ice Dogs or IceDogs is the name of several ice hockey teams:

Barrington Ice Dogs, junior hockey franchise in Barrington, Nova Scotia, Canada

Bozeman Icedogs, junior ice hockey team in Bozeman, Montana, USA

Dryden Ice Dogs, junior ice hockey team in Dryden, Ontario, Canada

Fairbanks Ice Dogs, junior ice hockey team in Fairbanks, Alaska, USA

Long Beach Ice Dogs, former professional ice hockey team in Long Beach, California, USA

Mississauga IceDogs, junior ice hockey team in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada

Niagara IceDogs, junior ice hockey team in St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada

Salem Ice Dogs, junior ice hockey team in Salem, Massachusetts, USA

Sydney Ice Dogs, ice hockey team in the Sydney, Australia

Empire Junior Hockey League
The Empire Junior Hockey League (EmJHL) was a USA Hockey-sanctioned Tier III junior ice hockey league. The league was classified as Tier III Junior B until the 2011–12 season when USA Hockey combined the Tier III Junior A and Junior B classifications.
Bhuwan Chandra Kapri
Bhuwan Chandra Kapri is an Indian politician and a member of Indian National Congress, who represents Khatima constituency. On 10 April 2022, Bhuwan Chandra Kapri was elected as the Deputy Leader of Congress Legislative Party (CLP) in the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly.

Kapri won the 2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election from Khatima constituency, with a margin of 6579 votes against the incumbent Chief Minister of Uttarakhand, Pushkar Singh Dhami. He is also a former Working President of Uttarakhand Pradesh Congress Committee.

Bhuwan Kapri lost the 2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly Election to Pushkar Singh Dhami and finished as runner up.

Kapri has been associated with the Indian National Congress and National Students' Union of India for a long time. He started his political career from Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Govt PG College, Khatima where he became President of the Students’ Union. Previously he also served as the Chairman of Khatima Mandi Council.

National Students' Union of India
The National Students' Union of India (NSUI) is the student wing of the Indian National Congress. It was established on 9 April 1971, founded by Indira Gandhi after merging the Kerala Students Union and the West Bengal State Chhatra Parishad to form a national students' organisation. Vinod Jakhar is the current National President of NSUI. With 4 million members and a presence in 15,000 colleges across the country, NSUI is the world’s largest progressive student's union.
Sao Saw Et
Sao Saw Et (Thai: เสาร์ซาวเอ็ด, lit: Saturday the 21st, in Northern Thai) was an incident of discrimination against LGBT people in Chiang Mai, Thailand, consisting of hate speech and violent attempts to stop the 2009 Pride Parade which was scheduled to take place there on 21 February 2009, ultimately leading to its cancellation. It is considered an important event in Thai LGBT history and was compared to the Stonewall Riots in the US. The date, 21 February, has been annually observed as the day against violence against LGBT in Thailand amongst activists.

Discrimination against LGBTQ people
Discrimination against LGBTQ people includes discrimination against LGBTQ people as a whole and against specific subgroups: lesbians, gay men, bisexuals, transgender people, queer people, among other sexual and gender minorities.
History of San Francisco (Refregier)
In 1941, Anton Refregier won the $26,000 commission for the series History of San Francisco, which are a set of 27 murals painted in the lobby of the Rincon Annex Post Office in San Francisco, California. Refregier painted the mural with casein tempera on white gesso over plaster walls, in the social realism style. Work was interrupted by World War II and restarted in 1946; the murals were completed in 1948.

In 1953, U.S. Representative Hubert B. Scudder opened a Congressional hearing to determine whether the murals should be removed for themes "inconsistent with American ideals and principles"; the often contentious proceedings concluded with their retention. The building is now part of Rincon Center, remodeled as shops and residences after the Post Office left in 1979, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places that year. The Rincon Center lobby is publicly accessible, and regular guided tours of the murals are provided by volunteers.

Gesso
Gesso (Italian pronunciation: [ˈdʒɛsso]; 'chalk', from the Latin: gypsum, from Greek: γύψος), also known as "glue gesso" or "Italian gesso", is a white paint mixture used to coat rigid surfaces such as wooden painting panels or masonite as a permanent absorbent primer substrate for painting. It consists of a binder mixed with chalk, gypsum, pigment, or any combination of these.

Gesso is used in painting as a preparation for any number of substrates such as wood panels, canvas and sculpture as a base for paint and other materials that are applied over it.
Schröder's equation
Schröder's equation, named after Ernst Schröder, is a functional equation with one independent variable:  given the function h, find the function Ψ such that

Schröder's equation is an eigenvalue equation for the composition operator Ch that sends a function f to f(h(.)).

If a is a fixed point of h, meaning h(a) = a, then either Ψ(a) = 0 (or ∞) or s = 1. Application of the chain rule shows that the eigenvalue s is given by s = h′(a), provided that Ψ(a) is finite and Ψ′(a) does not vanish or diverge.

Fixed-point iteration
In numerical analysis, fixed-point iteration is a method of computing fixed points of a function.

More specifically, given a function  defined on the real numbers with real values and given a point  in the domain of , the fixed-point iteration is

which gives rise to the sequence  of iterated function applications  which is hoped to converge to a point . If  is continuous, then one can prove that the obtained  is a fixed point of , i.e.,

More generally, the function  can be defined on any metric space with values in that same space.
Sean Murray (composer)
Sean Murray is an American composer who has composed for numerous films, television shows and video games, such as God, the Devil and Bob (2000), starring Alan Cumming, James Garner and French Stewart, Art Heist (2004), Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997), True Crime: Streets of LA (2003), Call of Duty: World at War (2008), and the record-selling game Call of Duty: Black Ops (2010).

French Stewart
Milton French Stewart (born February 20, 1964), known professionally as French Stewart, is an American actor. He played Harry Solomon on the NBC sitcom 3rd Rock from the Sun, Inspector Gadget in the superhero comedy film Inspector Gadget 2 and Chef Rudy on the CBS sitcom Mom.
Red Hill (Bullock, North Carolina)
Red Hill is a historic plantation house located near Bullock, Granville County, North Carolina, United States.  The house consists of three parts: a 1+1⁄2-story, two-bay gambrel-roofed Georgian style center block built about 1776; a 1+1⁄2-story, two-bay one-room, gable-roofed Georgian style block with transitional Federal features, built about 1807; and a very tall two-story, three-bay, transitional Federal/ Greek Revival style addition, built about 1820, style frame I-house dwelling.  It has a full basement, full-width front porch, and exterior brick chimneys.  Across from the house is the 2+1⁄2-story heavy timber frame tobacco manufactory.  Also on the property are the contributing wash house / striphouse, open wellhouse, smokehouse, privy, and flower house / chicken house.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

Outhouse
An outhouse — known variously across the English-speaking world otherwise as bog, dunny, long-drop, or privy — is a small structure, separate from a house or main building, which covers a toilet. This is typically either a pit latrine or a bucket toilet, but other forms of dry (non-flushing) toilets may be encountered. The term may also be used to denote the toilet itself, not just the structure.

Outhouses were in use in cities of developed countries (e.g. Australia) well into the second half of the twentieth century. They are still common in rural areas and also in cities of developing countries. Outhouses that are covering pit latrines in densely populated areas can cause groundwater pollution.
Kinks (album)
Kinks is the debut studio album by the English rock band the Kinks. It was released on 2 October 1964 in the United Kingdom by Pye Records. The original United States release, issued by Reprise Records on 25 November 1964, omits three tracks and is instead titled You Really Got Me.

Pye Records
Pye Records is an independent British record label. It was first established in 1955 and played a major role in shaping rock 'n' roll and pop music history, with artists including Lonnie Donegan (1956–1969), Petula Clark (1957–1971), the Searchers (1963–1967), the Kinks (1964–1971), Sandie Shaw (1964–1971), Status Quo (1968–1971) and Brotherhood of Man (1975–1979). In 1980, the Pye name was dropped due to trademark issues, and the label changed its name to PRT Records (distributing as Precision Records & Tapes). In 2006, the label was briefly reactivated as Pye Records.

In September 2024, the Pye company name and trademark was acquired by the Scottish broadcaster and music producer Tony Currie, who relaunched the label with vinyl records pressed at Sea Bass Vinyl's wind-powered pressing plant in Tranent, Scotland.
Young Peter Jackson (boxer, born 1877)
Young Peter Jackson (31 October 1877 – 14 September 1923) was a boxer active between 1895 and 1914. During his career, he was able to achieve victories over some of the most storied fighters of all-time, including Sam Langford, Barbados Joe Walcott, Philadelphia Jack O'Brien, and Mysterious Billy Smith. He also squared off against the legendary Jack Johnson in a bout for the latter's World "Colored" Heavyweight Title.

Born Sim Thompkins in Baltimore, Maryland,  he named himself after the great colored heavyweight bare-knuckle champ Peter Jackson when he became a practitioner of the sweet science. Known as "The Baltimore Demon", the 5'6" boxer fought at a weight of between 148 and 160 lbs. In his career, he racked up an official record of 78 wins (59 via knock out) against 24 losses (2 via knock out) and 28 draws. He also had a record of 5–10–2 in newspaper decisions.

Peter Jackson (boxer)
Peter Jackson (3 July 1861 – 13 July 1901) was an Australian heavyweight boxer who had a significant international career. Jackson was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in the inaugural 1990 class, as well as being the 2004 inductee for the Australian National Boxing Hall of Fame in the Pioneers category.
Hywel Coetmor
Hywel Coetmor (died c. 1440) was a Welsh knight who played a leading part in Prince Owain Glyndŵr's Welsh rebellion between 1400 and c. 1415 against the Kingdom of England. His brother was Rhys Gethin, who was one of Glyndŵr's leading generals.

Llanrwst
Llanrwst (Welsh for 'church or parish of Saint Grwst'; Welsh pronunciation: [ɬanˈruːst]) is a market town and community in Conwy County Borough, Wales. It is on the east bank of the River Conwy and the A470 road, and lies within the historic county boundaries of Denbighshire. It developed around the wool trade and became known also for the making of harps and clocks. Today, less than one mile (two kilometres) from the edge of Snowdonia, its main industry is tourism. Notable buildings include almshouses, two 17th-century chapels, and the Parish Church of St Grwst, which holds the stone coffin of Llywelyn the Great. At the 2021 census, the community had a population of 3,128.
Teso (archeological site)
A teso is an elevated piece of land with an embankment that forms a mound. They are associated with Indigenous peoples  who lived approximately between the years 500 and 1300, before the Portuguese colonization of Brazil. They can mostly be found on the island Marajó and were used for protection in periods of flooding of the rivers, which can happen for several months at a time on the island. The Teso dos Bichos is one of the best-known examples of this type of mound.

Portuguese colonization of the Americas
Portuguese colonization of the Americas (Portuguese: Colonização portuguesa das Américas) constituted territories in the Americas belonging to the Kingdom of Portugal. Portugal was the leading country in the European exploration of the world in the 15th century. The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 divided the Earth outside Europe into Castilian and Portuguese global territorial hemispheres for exclusive conquest and colonization. Portugal colonized parts of South America (Brazil, Uruguay), but also made some unsuccessful attempts to colonize North America (Newfoundland and Labrador and Nova Scotia in Canada).
Gandhi Bhawan, Chandigarh
The Gandhi Bhawan is a major landmark of the city of Chandigarh, India, and a center dedicated to the study of the words and works of Mohandas K. Gandhi. It was designed by architects B.P Mathur in collaboration with Pierre Jeanneret.

Pierre Jeanneret
Pierre Jeanneret (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ ʒanʁɛ]; 22 March 1896 – 4 December 1967) was a Swiss architect who collaborated with his cousin, Charles-Édouard Jeanneret (who assumed the pseudonym Le Corbusier), for about twenty years.
Lene Schneider-Kainer
Lene Schneider-Kainer, born Lene Schneider (1885 – 1971), was a Jewish-Austrian painter, daughter of the painter Sigmund Schneider, noted for her illustration of "Lukian:Hetärengespräche. Mit Illustrationen von Lene Schneider-Kainer und einem Nachwort von Sabine Dahmen".

Leo Baeck Institute New York
The Leo Baeck Institute New York (LBI) is a research institute in New York City dedicated to the study of German-Jewish history and culture, founded in 1955. It is one of three independent research centers founded by a group of German-speaking Jewish émigrés at a conference in Jerusalem in 1955. The other Leo Baeck institutes are Leo Baeck Institute Jerusalem and Leo Baeck Institute London, and the activities of all three are coordinated by the board of directors of the Leo Baeck Institute. It is also a founding partner of the Center for Jewish History, and maintains a research library and archive in New York City that contains a significant collection of source material relating to the history of German-speaking Jewry, from its origins to the Holocaust, and continuing to the present day. The Leo Baeck Medal has been awarded by the institute since 1978 to those who have helped preserve the spirit of German-speaking Jewry in culture, academia, politics, and philanthropy.
Tom Cotton
Thomas Bryant Cotton (born May 13, 1977) is an American politician and former Army officer serving since 2015 as the junior United States senator from Arkansas. From 2013 to 2015 he served in the U.S. House of Representatives, representing Arkansas's 4th congressional district. He is a member of the Republican Party.

Cotton was elected to the House in 2012 and to the Senate in 2014, defeating incumbent Mark Pryor. He chairs the Senate Republican Conference and the Senate Intelligence Committee. Cotton is known for his hawkish foreign policy views, especially toward China, Iran, and Palestine.

Seniority in the United States Senate
United States senators are conventionally ranked by the length of their tenure in the Senate. The senator in each U.S. state with the longer time in office is known as the senior senator; the other is the junior senator. This convention has no official standing, though seniority confers several benefits, including preference in the choice of committee assignments, physical offices, and the member's desk assignment. When senators have been in office for the same length of time, a number of tiebreakers, including previous offices held, are used to determine seniority. By tradition, the longest serving senator of the majority party is named president pro tempore of the Senate, the second-highest office in the Senate and the third in the line of succession to the presidency of the United States.
Miriways
Miriways (TWV 21:24) is an opera in three acts by Telemann given on 26 May 1728 at the Oper am Gänsemarkt in Hamburg. The libretto is by Johann Samuel Müller. The opera is set in Persia.

Müller took his plot from then current news from the Islamic world – in the form of an inaccurate account of "Miri-Ways", the Pashtun emir Mirwais (1673–1715), published anonymously in German in 1722. The account attributed to Mirwais events, such as the conquering of Isfahan, which were actually the work of his son. Nevertheless, Mir Wais became Miriways, titular king of the opera.

Oper am Gänsemarkt
The Oper am Gänsemarkt was a theatre in Hamburg, Germany, built in 1678 after plans of Girolamo Sartorio at the Gänsemarkt square. It was the first public opera house to be established in Germany: not a court opera, as in many other towns. Everybody could buy a ticket, like in Venice. Most works were in the German language or translated librettos (from Italian).

The building was torn down in 1756, but rebuilt in 1765.
Bonni Cohen
Bonni Cohen is an American documentary film producer and director. She is the co-founder of Actual Films and has produced and directed an array of award-winning films. Most recently, she produced the Oscar-nominated film Lead Me Home, which premiered at the 2021 Telluride Film Festival and is a Netflix Original. She also recently co-directed Athlete A, which won an Emmy for Outstanding Investigative Documentary and received four nominations from the Critics’ Choice Awards. She is the co-founder of Actual Films, the production company of the documentaries An Inconvenient Sequel: Truth to Power, Audrie & Daisy, 3.5 Minutes, The Island President, Lost Boys of Sudan and The Rape of Europa. Cohen is the co-founder of the Catapult Film Fund.

International Documentary Association
International Documentary Association (IDA), founded in 1982, is a non-profit 501(c)(3) that promotes nonfiction filmmakers, and is dedicated to increasing public awareness for the documentary genre. Their major program areas are: Advocacy, Filmmaker Services, Education, and Public Programs and Events.

Based in Los Angeles, the IDA has approximately 2,800 members in over 50 countries, providing a forum for supporters and suppliers of documentary filmmaking.
2015 Piala Indonesia
The 2015 Piala Indonesia was originally to be the seventh edition of Piala Indonesia, the nationwide football cup tournament in Indonesia, involving professional clubs from Indonesian Premier League and Premier Division. Persibo Bojonegoro would have been the tournament's defending champions. The competition was cancelled on 2 May 2015 when Imam Nahrawi, the Minister of Youth and Sports Affairs, banned the Football Association of Indonesia from running any football competition.

The cup winner would have qualified for the 2016 AFC Cup.

2016 AFC Cup
The 2016 AFC Cup was the 13th edition of the AFC Cup, Asia's secondary club football tournament organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC).

Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya from Iraq defeated India's Bengaluru in the final to win their first AFC Cup title, becoming the first Iraqi team to win the competition. Johor Darul Ta'zim, the defending champions, were eliminated in the semi-finals by Bengaluru.
Release Me (Deborah Conway song)
"Release Me" is a song by Australian singer-songwriter Deborah Conway. It was released as the third single from her debut studio album, String of Pearls (1991), in January 1992. It peaked at number 58 in Australia in the following month. In March 1992, Conway performed it with Vika and Linda at the ARIA Music Awards of 1992. Dan Condon of Double J, in 2019, rated it as one of seven great performances at the ARIA Awards over 33 years. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1993, the song earned Conway a nomination for Best Female Artist, losing to Lily by Wendy Matthews.

1992 ARIA Music Awards
The Sixth Australian Recording Industry Association Music Awards (generally known as the ARIA Music Awards or simply The ARIAs) was held on 6 March 1992 at the World Congress Centre in Melbourne. Hosts were international guest, Julian Lennon and local Richard Wilkins, they were assisted by presenters, Spinal Tap, Rod Stewart, Mick Jones and others to distribute 24 awards. There were live performances and for the first time the awards were televised.

In addition to previous categories, a "Special Achievement Award" was presented to entrepreneur Michael Gudinski and his label Mushroom Records. The ARIA Hall of Fame inducted only one act: Skyhooks.
Old Hall Manuscript
The Old Hall Manuscript (British Library, Add MS 57950) is the largest, most complete, and most significant source of English sacred music of the late 14th and early 15th centuries, and as such represents the best source for late Medieval English music. The manuscript somehow survived the Reformation, and formerly belonged to St Edmund's College, a Roman Catholic school located at Old Hall Green (hence its name) in Hertfordshire. It was sold to the British Library after an auction at Sotheby's in 1973.

St Edmund's College, Ware
St Edmund's College is a coeducational private day and boarding school in the British public school tradition, set in 440 acres (1.8 km2) in Ware, Hertfordshire. Founded in 1568 as a seminary, then a boys' school, it is the oldest continuously operating and oldest post-Reformation Catholic school in the country. Today it caters for boys and girls aged 3 to 18.
Redolfi
Redolfi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alex Redolfi (born 1994), Italian football player

Attilio Redolfi (1923–1997), Italian-French racing cyclist

Rodolfo Redolfi (1928–2013), Argentine chess player

Rodolfo Redolfi
Rodolfo Argentino Redolfi (28 May 1928 – 2 December 2013), was an Argentine chess player who held the ICCF title of Correspondence Chess Grandmaster (1994). He was a Chess Olympiad team bronze medal winner (1958).
Combined Defence Services Examination
The Combined Defence Services Examination (CDS) is a standardised test conducted annually by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) for recruitment of officer cadets in the Indian Military Academy (IMA), Officers Training Academy (OTA),  Air Force Academy (AFA), and Indian Naval Academy (INA).

Indian Naval Academy
The Indian Naval Academy (INA or INA Ezhimala) is the defence service training establishment for officer cadre of the Indian Navy and the Indian Coast Guard, located in Ezhimala, Kannur district, Kerala. Situated between Ezhimala hill and the Kavvayi backwaters, INA has a 7 kilometre beach front on the Laccadive Sea. It conducts basic training for all officers inducted into the Indian Navy and Indian Coast Guard. It is Asia's largest, and the world's third-largest, naval academy.

The Naval Academy (NAVAC) was established in May 1969 and training of Orientation courses commenced in Aug 2005, while it was formally inaugurated on 8 January 2009 and the name changed to Indian Naval Academy. It shares the 2,452 acre (9.92 km2) site with the naval base depot, INS Zamorin, and the naval hospital, INHS Navjivani.

The President's Colour was awarded to INA on 20 November 2019. The President’s Colour is the highest honour that is bestowed upon a military unit.