hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Naval tactics in the Age of Steam
The development of the steam ironclad firing explosive shells in the mid-19th century rendered sailing ship tactics obsolete.

New tactics were developed for the big-gun Dreadnought battleships. The mine, torpedo, submarine and aircraft posed new threats, each of which had to be countered, leading to tactical developments such as anti-submarine warfare and the use of dazzle camouflage. By the end of the steam age, aircraft carriers had replaced battleships as the principal unit of the fleet.

Task force
A task force (TF) is a unit or formation  established to work on a single defined task or activity. Originally introduced by the United States Navy, the term has now caught on for general usage and is a standard part of NATO terminology.  Many non-military organizations now create "task forces" or task groups for temporary activities that might have once been performed by ad hoc (designated purpose) committees. In non-military contexts, working groups are sometimes called task forces.
Prostitution Act
The Prostitution Act (Prostitutionsgesetz - ProstG) is a federal law in Germany that regulates the legal status of prostitution as a service in order to improve the legal and social situation of prostitutes. The law was promulgated on 20 December 2001 and has been enforced since 1 January 2002. At the same time the Strafgesetzbuch (Criminal Code) §180a (exploitation of prostitutes) and §181a (pimping) were amended to allow for employment of prostitutes, as long as they were not exploited.

The law also allows prostitutes to file health, unemployment, pension, nursing care,
and accident insurance.

Promulgation
Promulgation is the formal proclamation or the declaration that a new statutory or administrative law is enacted after its final approval. In some jurisdictions, this additional step is necessary before the law can take effect.

After a new law is approved, it is announced to the public through the publication of government gazettes and/or on official government bulletins. National laws of extraordinary importance to the public may be announced by the head of state or head of government on a national broadcast. Local laws are usually announced in local newspapers and published in bulletins or compendia of municipal regulations.
Kojatice (Třebíč District)
Kojatice is a municipality and village in Třebíč District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

Kojatice lies approximately 27 kilometres (17 mi) south-west of Třebíč, 45 km (28 mi) south of Jihlava, and 153 km (95 mi) south-east of Prague.

Třebíč
Třebíč (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtr̝̊ɛbiːtʃ] ⓘ; German: Trebitsch) is a town in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 35,000 inhabitants.

The beginnings of the town's history are connected with the establishment of a Benedictine monastery, where the castle is located today. In the age of its expansion, Třebíč was the third most important town in Moravia. The population growth started after World War II.

There are several well-known tourist sights in the town. The Jewish Quarter and the St. Procopius Basilica are listed together as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
1898 Glebe colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Glebe on 10 September 1898 because James Hogue had been appointed Public Instruction and Minister for Labour and Industry in the Reid ministry. Until 1904, members appointed to a ministerial position were required to face a by-election. These were generally uncontested. Of the three ministers appointed with the second arrangement of the Reid ministry, Glebe was the only electorate in which the by-election was contested.

Minister for Education and Early Learning
The New South Wales Minister for Education and Early Learning is a minister in the New South Wales Government and has responsibilities that includes all schools and institutes of higher education in New South Wales, Australia.

Together, the ministers administer the portfolio through the Education cluster, in particular the Department of Education, TAFE NSW, and a range of other government agencies.

Ultimately, the ministers are responsible to the Parliament of New South Wales.
Bueng Kan subdistrict
Bueng Kan (Thai: บึงกาฬ) is a subdistrict (tambon) in Mueang Bueng Kan district, in Bueng Kan province, Isan (northeastern Thailand). As of 2022, it had a population of 9,825 people and has jurisdiction over eleven villages. It lies on Highway 212 and the Mekong River and borders with Laos, west of Khok Kong subdistrict and east of Wisit subdistrict.

Bueng Kan province
Bueng Kan (Thai: บึงกาฬ [bɯ̄ŋ kāːn]), sometimes anglicised as Bung Kan (/bʌŋ ˈkɑːn/ bung KAHN), is the 76th province (changwat) of Thailand, established by the Act Establishing Changwat Bueng Kan, BE 2554 (2011) on 23 March 2011. The province, consisting of the districts (amphoe) partitioned off Nong Khai province, lies in upper northeastern Thailand also called Isan (Thai: อีสาน). It is named after its central district, Mueang Bueng Kan.
1968 Spanish Grand Prix
The 1968 Spanish Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Jarama Circuit on 12 May 1968. It was race 2 of 12 in both the 1968 World Championship of Drivers and the 1968 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. It was the first race after the death of former double World Champion Jim Clark, who had died in a non-championship Formula Two event in Hockenheim, Germany the previous month. Clark had led the drivers' championship before this race, on 9 points, after he won in the first race in South Africa.

Hockenheim
Hockenheim (German: [ˈhɔkn̩haɪm] ⓘ) is a town in northwest Baden-Württemberg, Germany, about 20 km south of Mannheim and 10 km west of Walldorf. It is located in the Upper Rhine valley on the tourist theme routes "Baden Asparagus Route" (Badische Spargelstraße) and Bertha Benz Memorial Route. The town is widely known for its Hockenheimring, a motor racing course, which has hosted over 30 Formula One German Grand Prix races since 1970.

Hockenheim is one of the six largest towns in the Rhein-Neckar-Kreis district; since 1999 the number of inhabitants exceeded the 20,000 threshold, thus the town received the status of a regional central town (Große Kreisstadt) in 2001. It is twinned with the French town of Commercy, the German town of Hohenstein-Ernstthal in Saxony and the American town of Mooresville, North Carolina.
A. K. Chanda Law College
A. K. Chanda Law College better known as AKCLC is a law school situated at Tarapur, Silchar, in Cachar district in the Indian state of Assam. It offers 3 years LL.B. course affiliated to Assam University. This college is recognised by Bar Council of India (BCI), New Delhi.

Cachar district
Cachar district is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India. After independence, the pre-existing undivided Cachar district was split into four districts: Dima Hasao (formerly North Cachar Hills), Hailakandi, Karimganj, and the current Cachar district. Silchar is Cachar district's center of government.
Industrial Marketing and Purchasing Group
The Industrial Marketing and Purchasing Group or International Marketing and Purchasing Group (abbreviated IMP Group) is a European research initiative in the field of Industrial marketing established in 1976 by researchers from different countries and universities in Europe. It has evolved into an "informal international group of scholars concerned with developing concepts and knowledge in the field of business-to-business marketing and purchasing", and is also concerned with marketing and purchasing in a business-to-consumer context. The group is also called the Nordic school of marketing.

Industrial marketing
Industrial marketing or business-to-business marketing is the marketing of goods and services by one business to another. Industrial goods are those an industry uses to produce an end product from one or more raw material. The term industrial marketing has largely been replaced by the term business-to-business marketing (B2B).
1905 The Citadel Bulldogs football team
The 1905 The Citadel Bulldogs football team represented The Citadel as an independent during the 1905 college football season. This was the first year of intercollegiate football at The Citadel, and the team hired Syd Smith to be the team's first coach. The Board of Visitors would not permit the cadets to travel outside the city of Charleston for games, and all games are believed to have been played at Hampton Park at the site of the old race course.

1905 college football season
The 1905 college football season had the Chicago Maroons retroactively named as national champion by the Billingsley Report, the Helms Athletic Foundation, the National Championship Foundation, and the Houlgate System, while Yale was named champion by Parke H. Davis and Caspar Whitney.  Chicago finished the season 11–0, while Yale finished 10–0. The Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listed both Chicago and Yale as having been selected national champions.
Ashley Opperman
Ashley Opperman (born 13 January 1983 in Cape Town, Western Cape) is a South African football (soccer) defender who plays for Hanover Park of the National First Division.

He made his Premier Soccer League (PSL) debut with Ajax Cape Town as a teenager during the 2000–01 season before spending time on loan at First Division club Avendale Athletico. In 2005, he returned to the PSL with Moroka Swallows, then spent a season with Ikapa Sporting before joining Vasco da Gama, who released him following their promotion to the PSL. In September 2010 he signed for Hanover Park. After playing for Hanover Park for just one season, he left the team and joined Chippa United, where he remained for the rest of his Soccer career until his retirement in July 2012.

Premier Soccer League
The Premier Soccer League (PSL) is the administrative body for professional soccer leagues and cups in South Africa. It is based in Johannesburg, and was founded in 1996 following an agreement between the National Soccer League and the remnants of the National Professional Soccer League (NPSL).

Affiliated to the South African Football Association (SAFA), the PSL organizes the country's top two professional divisions in the South African Premiership and the National First Division, and knockout cup competitions in the Nedbank Cup and the MTN 8. Teams that are relegated from the National First Division compete in the SAFA Second Division. They also organize a Youth League or PSL Reserve League DStv Diski Challenge.
Nichols, Minnesota
Nichols is an unincorporated community in Hazelton Township, Aitkin County, Minnesota, United States, along the north shore of Mille Lacs Lake. The community is located along U.S. 169 / State Highway 18 (co-signed) near 450th Avenue. Nearby places include Garrison, Malmo, Cutler, and Aitkin.

Garrison, Minnesota
Garrison is a city in Crow Wing County, Minnesota, United States, along Mille Lacs Lake. As of the 2020 census, Garrison had a population of 194. It is part of the Brainerd Micropolitan Statistical Area. U.S. Highway 169 and Minnesota State Highway 18 are the main routes in the community.
Ludwik Mateusz Dembowski
Ludwik Mateusz Dembowski, also known as Louis-Mathieu Dembowski (1768, Dębowa Góra, Poland - 1812, Valladolid, Spain), was a Polish general and traveler.

After the fall of the Kościuszko Uprising went to France. He served in Polish Legions under Jan Henryk Dąbrowski, and with the French Army sent to Santo Domingo.

Dębowa Góra, Kutno County
Dębowa Góra [dɛmˈbɔva ˈɡura] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bedlno, within Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 24 km (15 mi) south-east of Kutno and 44 km (27 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.
Louis Vicat
Louis Vicat (31 March 1786, Nevers – 10 April 1861, Grenoble) was a French engineer.

He graduated from the École Polytechnique in 1804 and the École des Ponts et Chaussées in 1806.

Vicat studied the setting of mortars and developed his own. The first building using it is the bridge at Souillac (Dordogne), erected in 1818.
The material was popular but was superseded by Portland cement. He also invented the Vicat needle that is still in use for determining the setting time of concretes and cements.  His son Joseph Vicat founded Vicat Cement, which is today a large international cement manufacturing company.

He was a member of the French Academy of Sciences and his name is one of the 72 names inscribed on the Eiffel Tower. Vicat was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1855.

Nevers
Nevers (/nəˈvɛər/ nə-VAIR, French: [nəvɛʁ] ⓘ; Latin: Noviodunum, later Nevirnum and Nebirnum) is a city and the prefecture of the Nièvre department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in central France. It was the principal city of the former province of Nivernais. It is 260 km (160 mi) south-southeast of Paris.
ATP13A2
Probable cation-transporting ATPase 13A2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP13A2 gene that is involved in the transport of divalent transition metal cations. It appears to protect cells from manganese and zinc toxicity, possibly by causing cellular efflux and/or lysosomal sequestration; and from iron toxicity, possibly by preserving lysosome integrity against iron-induced lipid peroxidation. However, it potentiates the toxic effects of cadmium and nickel on developing neurites, and of the widely used herbicide paraquat possibly by increasing polyamine uptake.

Deficiency is associated with spastic paraplegia and Kufor-Rakeb syndrome, in which there is progressive parkinsonism with dementia.

Lipid peroxidation
Lipid peroxidation, or lipid oxidation, is a complex chemical process that leads to oxidative degradation of lipids, resulting in the formation of peroxide and hydroperoxide derivatives. It occurs when free radicals, specifically reactive oxygen species (ROS), interact with lipids within cell membranes, typically polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as they have carbon–carbon double bonds. This reaction leads to the formation of lipid radicals, collectively referred to as lipid peroxides or lipid oxidation products (LOPs), which in turn react with other oxidizing agents, leading to a chain reaction that results in oxidative stress and cell damage.

In pathology and medicine, lipid peroxidation plays a role in cell damage which has broadly been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases and disease states, including ageing, whereas in food science lipid peroxidation is one of many pathways to rancidity.
Erased (2018 film)
Erased (Slovene: Izbrisana) is a 2018 Slovenian drama film written and directed by Miha Mazzini based on his own novel of the same name. 
World premiere was at Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival 2018, 25. November 2018, while Slovenian one was on 25. February 2019.

The story of the film is dealing with the Slovenian erased citizens, almost 2% of the population that remained without a legal status after the declaration of the country's independence in 1991.

Pula Film Festival
The Pula Film Festival (Croatian: Pulski filmski festival) is an annual Croatian film festival, established in 1954. It is held in a Roman amphitheater known as the Pula Arena. The Pula Film Festival is the largest and oldest Croatian film festival and is usually held in the summer, in July or August.

Apart from film screenings open to the public, the annual Croatian film industry awards are also traditionally presented at the festival. The awards presented at the festival (called Golden Arenas) are the main national film awards in the country.

The festival was originally started in 1954 and within a few years it became the centerpiece event of the Yugoslav film industry, with the first national awards being presented in 1957. This lasted until 1991, when the festival was cancelled due to the breakup of Yugoslavia, only to resume in 1992 as the Croatian film awards festival. It has been held every year since (with the exception of the 1994 edition, which was also cancelled).
Vermorel
Établissements V. Vermorel was a French engineering business that existed between 1850 and 1965:  for more than a century, until the death in 1957 of Édouard Vermorel, it was a family-run business.

The company presented its first automobile in 1899, but waited for some years before becoming a regular automobile producer.   Between 1908 and 1930 Vermorel was noteworthy as an automobile manufacturer, and commercial vehicle production continued till 1932.

Torpedo (car)
The torpedo body style was a type of automobile body used from 1908 until the mid-1930s, which had a streamlined profile and a folding or detachable soft top. This design included a hood or bonnet line that was raised to align with the car's waistline, creating a straight beltline from front to back.

The name was introduced in 1908 when Captain Theo Masui, the London-based importer of French Gregoire cars, designed a streamlined body and called it "The Torpedo".

The Torpedo body style was usually fitted to four- or five-seat touring cars (cars without a fixed roof) with detachable or folding roof, and low side panels and doors. Torpedo cars did not have B pillars, so the only uprights present were those supporting the windshield.

Similar styles are phaeton and baquet.

The name is also used for trucks with a hood or bonnet.
Dermot Mannion
Dermot Mannion is the former deputy chairman of Royal Brunei Airlines and former chief executive officer of Aer Lingus.

Mannion was born in 1958 in Sligo, Ireland, one of eight children (four brothers and three sisters).  He attended school at St. John's Boys School and Summerhill College, in Sligo. He went on to Trinity College, Dublin, where he graduated with a Bachelor of  Business Studies in 1979. When he left college, he first worked with Ulster Investment Bank for a few years, before moving to the airline Emirates in 1987. In 2005, while President, Group Support Services with Emirates, he was appointed as new chief executive office of Aer Lingus.

He oversaw the privatisation of Aer Lingus in 2006 and saw it through two attempted takeover bids by main rival Ryanair. He resigned as chief executive officer of Aer Lingus in 2009.

He joined Royal Brunei Airlines in 2011 on a five-year contract as deputy chairman.

Sligo
Sligo (/ˈslaɪɡoʊ/; Irish: Sligeach [ˈʃl̠ʲɪɟəx]; lit. 'abounding in shells') is a coastal seaport and the county town of County Sligo, Ireland, within the western province of Connacht. With a population of 20,608 in 2022, it is the county's largest urban centre (constituting 29.5% of the county's population) and the 24th largest in the Republic of Ireland.

Sligo is a commercial and cultural centre situated on the west coast of Ireland. Its surrounding coast and countryside, as well as its connections to the poet W. B. Yeats, have made it a tourist destination.
Amphiuma
Amphiuma is a genus of aquatic salamanders from the southeastern United States, the only extant genus within the family Amphiumidae /æmfɪˈjuːmɪdiː/. They are colloquially known as amphiumas. They are also known to fishermen as "conger eels" or "Congo snakes", which are zoologically incorrect designations or misnomers, since amphiumas are actually salamanders (and thus amphibians), and not eels (fish), nor reptiles and are not from Congo. Amphiuma exhibits one of the largest complements of DNA in the living world, around 25 times more than a human.

Misnomer
A misnomer is a name that is incorrectly or unsuitably applied. Misnomers often arise because something was named long before its correct nature was known, or because an earlier form of something has been replaced by a later form to which the name no longer suitably applies. A misnomer may also be a word that is used incorrectly or misleadingly. The word "misnomer" does not mean "misunderstanding" or "popular misconception", and a number of misnomers remain in common usage — which is to say that a word being a misnomer does not necessarily make usage of the word incorrect.
Utah State Route 38
State Route 38 is a state highway in Box Elder County in the U.S. state of Utah. It runs north from Brigham City to Collinston (northeast of Tremonton). The highway was originally State Route 69, but was renumbered in 1993 due to sign theft caused by the sexual connotation of the number.

69 (sex position)
69 or sixty-nine is a sex position in which two people align themselves so that each person's mouth is near the other's genitals, allowing each partner to simultaneously perform oral sex on the other. The participants are thus mutually inverted like in the number 69 (69), hence the code name. In this case, the numerals 6 and 9 are treated more as pictographic symbols than as numerical representations, with the bulbous part representing the heads of the performers.

The name is a translation of the original French, soixante-neuf, which is also sometimes borrowed directly into English. The concept is that both partners can experience sexual stimulation and oral sensation simultaneously, but this can also distract those who try to focus solely on their own pleasure from giving oral sex well. The position can also be awkward for partners who are not similar in height.
Jonatan Sersam
Jonatan Sersam (born 2 June 1986) is a Swedish composer and pianist. His music has been performed by Malmö Symfoniorkester, Helsingborgs Symfoniorkester, ensemble ICTUS , Schallfeld Ensemble, Ensemble Zeitfluss, Ensemble FontanaMix, Norrköpings Symfoniorkester, Swedish Wind Ensemble, Marco Fusi, Ruído Vermelho, Musica Vitae and the Kreutzer Quartet among others. Sersam was awarded Saltöstftelsens Tonsättarstipendium (The Järnåker Prize) 2023 for his piece Presencia de Sombra for bass viol, cello and soprano

Kreutzer Quartet
The Kreutzer Quartet is a British string quartet.

With their selected programs they have given concerts in Italy, Germany, France, Holland, Serbia, Montenegro, Sardinia, the United States, Spain, Cyprus, Poland and Lithuania.

A further focus is the critical examination of not only recordings of classical works, but above all of contemporary string quartets by Robert Gerhard, Michael Finnissy, Harrison Birtwistle, Gloria Coates, Michael Tippett and Hafliði Hallgrímsson. There exist recordings on the labels Metier, Naxos, NMC Recordings, Chandos, Guild and New Focus.
Carner
Carner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jaime Carner (1867–1934), Spanish lawyer, businessman and politician

Joan Reventós i Carner (1927–2004), the 10th President of the Parliament of Catalonia (1995–1999)

JoAnne Carner (born 1939), former American professional golfer

Josep Carner (1884–1970), Spanish Catalan poet, journalist, playwright and translator

Loyle Carner (born 1994), stage name of Benjamin Gerard Coyle-Larner, English hip-hop musician

Lucy Perkins Carner (1886–1983), American sociologist, pacifist

Mosco Carner (1904–1985), British musicologist of Austrian birth

Fictional characters:

Rocco Carner, fictional character from the American soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful, portrayed by Bryan Genesse

Lucy Perkins Carner
Lucy Perkins Carner (November 30, 1886 – February 20, 1983) was an American sociologist, civil rights activist and pacifist. She was a national executive of the YWCA, and held national roles in peace organizations, including the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.
Årstafältet metro station
Årstafältet is a future underground station on the Yellow Line of the Stockholm Metro, expected to open in 2034. It will be situated in the new district of Årstafältet in southern Stockholm Municipality, between the planned stations Årstaberg and Östbergahöjden.

Älvsjö railway station
Älvsjö is a station on the Stockholm commuter rail network, located in the districts of Solberga and Älvsjö in the south of Stockholm Municipality. It is adjacent to the Stockholmsmässan exhibition centre.