hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charles Hercus
Sir Charles Ernest Hercus DSO OBE VD (13 June 1888 – 26 March 1971) was a New Zealand doctor and professor of public health. He served as dean of the University of Otago Dunedin School of Medicine from 1937 to 1958.

Colonial Auxiliary Forces Officers' Decoration
The Colonial Auxiliary Forces Officers' Decoration, post-nominal letters VD, was established in 1899 as recognition for long and meritorious service as a part-time commissioned officer in any of the organized military forces of the British Colonies, Dependencies and Protectorates. It superseded the Volunteer Officers' Decoration for India and the Colonies in all these territories, but not in the Indian Empire.

In 1930, the decoration, along with the Volunteer Officers' Decoration and the Territorial Decoration, were superseded by the Efficiency Decoration in an effort to standardise recognition across the British Empire.
WYGO
WYGO (99.5 FM, "Y99.5") is a radio station licensed to serve Madisonville, Tennessee, United States.  The station is owned by Major Broadcasting Corporation. It airs a hot adult contemporary music format.

The station was assigned the WYGO call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on August 9, 1991.  These call letters were used on the same frequency at another station in Corbin, Kentucky, from 1978-1989 (now WKDP-FM) and at an AM station in Atlanta, Georgia from 1989-1990 (now WXJO).

WXJO
WXJO (1120 AM) is a daytime-only radio station, broadcasting with a power of 1,000 watts, licensed to serve the city of Douglasville, Georgia and reaching western portions of the metro Atlanta radio market, mainly within Douglas County. The station is currently owned by Cory Condrey, through licensee Condrey Media LLC. WXJO's transmitter is co-located with WDCY AM 1520, and the station's signal is diplexed on to WDCY's antenna towers.
The Adoration of the Shepherds (Paulus van Vianen)
The Adoration of the Shepherds is a 1607 silver plaquette by the Dutch Golden Age sculptor Paulus van Vianen in the collection of the Rijksmuseum.

The scene is the Adoration of the Shepherds. Mary sits with her child beneath angels surrounded by onlookers. She is flanked by two shepherds who lean forward towards the Child Jesus. They seem to pop out of the scene and have been separately cast and added to the finished chased and hammered plaquette. It was made during the artist's period at the court of Rudolf II in Prague and was purchased in 1979 with support from the Vereniging Rembrandt and the Rijksmuseum-Stichting.

Silver plaquette of the Resurrection of Christ, also in the collection of the Rijksmuseum

Bronze variation of the Adoration of the Shepherds, in the collection of the National Gallery of Art

Vereniging Rembrandt
Vereniging Rembrandt (Rembrandt Association) is a Dutch association of art patrons who raise funds to assist Dutch museums and art galleries in purchasing artworks. Since it was founded in 1883, it has helped purchase over two thousand works, including Vermeer's The Milkmaid.
Perseverance (Rainhill Trials)
Perseverance was  an early steam locomotive that took part in the Rainhill trials.  Built by John Reed Hill of London and Timothy Burstall of Leith; the name of the locomotive was taken from "Persevere", Leith's town motto.

Perseverance was damaged on the way to the trials and Burstall spent the first five days trying to repair his locomotive.  It ran on the sixth and final day of the trials but only achieved a speed of 6 mph (9.7 km/h). Burstall and Hill were awarded a consolation prize of £25.

Burstall and Hill used roller bearings for the axles, an important step in locomotive development. The design, adapted from a road-going steam coach, incorporated 2 cylinders, a vertical boiler and weighed 2.9 tons.

Axle
An axle or axletree is a central shaft for a rotating wheel or gear. On wheeled vehicles, the axle may be fixed to the wheels, rotating with them, or fixed to the vehicle, with the wheels rotating around the axle. In the former case, bearings or bushings are provided at the mounting points where the axle is supported.  In the latter case, a bearing or bushing sits inside a central hole in the wheel to allow the wheel or gear to rotate around the axle.  Sometimes, especially on bicycles, the latter type of axle is referred to as a spindle.
China Railways AM3
The China Railways AM3 class steam locomotive was a class of 4-4-0 "Eight-Wheeler" type steam locomotives operated by the China Railway, built by the American Locomotive Company in the United States between 1923 and 1929.

Twenty-six of these locomotives were originally built for the Huning Railway. After the establishment of the puppet government of the Reformed Government of the Republic of China during the Japanese occupation, they were operated by the Central China Railway, which had been created in 1939 to manage all railway operations in the territory of the collaborationist government by nationalising all privately owned railways in the territory.

After the end of the Pacific War, these locomotives were passed on to the Republic of China Railway. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, China Railways designated them ㄚㄇ3 (AM3) class in 1951; the class was retired in 1955.

Central China Railway
The Central China Railway (Japanese: 華中鉄道株式会社, Kachū Tetsudō Kabushiki Kaisha; Chinese: 華中鐵道股份有限公司, Huázhōng Tiědào Gǔfèn Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī) was a railway company in Japanese-occupied China established after the Second Sino-Japanese War. It was a joint venture between Japan, the Reformed Government of the Republic of China and the Nanjing National Government. Together with the North China Transportation Company, it was responsible for management of China's railways during the Japanese occupation. In reality, it was a Japanese National Policy Company.

It ceased to exist after the Japanese defeat in the Pacific War and was absorbed by the Republic of China Railway, eventually becoming part of China Railway in 1949 after the establishment of the People's Republic.
1913 Costa Rican general election
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 7 December 1913, the first direct elections since 1844. They were also the first elections to have universal male suffrage, after economic and educational requirements were eliminated. Máximo Fernández Alvarado of the Republican Party won the presidential election, but both he and runner-up Carlos Durán Cartín later resigned and Alfredo González Flores was appointed president by Congress on 8 May 1914. The Republican Party also won the parliamentary election.

Carlos Durán Cartín
Carlos Durán Cartín (12 November 1852 – 23 November 1924), a doctor of medicine who had trained in London, 
was acting President of Costa Rica for a period of six months from 1889 to 1890, during the administration of President Bernardo Soto, who never resigned but didn't come back to office until the end of his term.
Pavel Yengalychev
Prince Pavel Nikolayevich Yengalychev (Russian: Павел Николаевич Енгалычев; 25 March 1864 – 12 August 1944, Lausanne) was a Russian prince and general.

He was a member of the noble Engalychev family. From 1894 until 1901 he was the Russian military attaché in Imperial Germany. He was then an observer at the German expeditionary corps during the Boxer Rebellion in Imperial China. He was the last commander of the Warsaw Military District and the last Governor-general of Warsaw before the Russians were forced to retreat from Privislinsky Krai during the First World War. During the Russian Civil War he supported the White movement, and emigrated after the Red Army victory. He died in Lausanne, Switzerland in 1944.

His wife was Marguerite Alexeevna Stenbock-Fermor (1870–1950).

Vistula Land
Vistula Land, also known as Vistula Krai (Russian: Привислинский край, romanized: Privislinskiy kray; Polish: Kraj Nadwiślański), was the name applied to the lands of Congress Poland from 1867, following the defeats of the November Uprising (1830–1831) and January Uprising (1863–1864) as it was increasingly stripped of autonomy and incorporated into Imperial Russia. It also continued to be formally known as the Kingdom of Poland (Polish: Królestwo Polskie) until the fall of the Russian Empire.[a]

Russia lost control of the region in 1915, during the course of the First World War. Following the 1917 October Revolution, it was officially ceded to the Central Powers under the terms of the 1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
Lorenzo Avagnina
Lorenzo Avagnina (born 14 November 1980) is an Italian professional baseball outfielder, for San Marino Baseball Club in the Italian Baseball League.

He played for Montepaschi Grosseto and Rimini Baseball Club before joining San Marino in 2011.

He also played for the Italy national baseball team in the 2006 Intercontinental Cup, 2007 European Baseball Championship, 2007 Baseball World Cup, 2008 European Cup, 2010 European Cup, 2010 European Baseball Championship, 2011 Baseball World Cup, 2012 European Baseball Championship and 2013 World Baseball Classic.

2010 European Baseball Championship
The 2010 European Baseball Championship was an international baseball competition held in Germany from July 23 to August 1, 2010. The tournament was originally set to be held in 2009 with Russia as host. In March 2008, the Confederation of European Baseball awarded the tournament to the German Baseball and Softball Federation. The tournament was moved back one year to not be held in the same year as the Baseball World Cup. The event was hosted by the cities of Stuttgart, Heidenheim an der Brenz, and Neuenburg am Rhein in the southwest of Germany.
John Burt (anti-abortion activist)
John Allen Burt (March 26, 1938 – April 19, 2013) was an American Christian fundamentalist, anti-abortion activist, domestic terrorist, and convicted child molester who called himself the "spiritual adviser" to murderers Michael Griffin and Paul Hill and other anti-abortionists. Burt ran "Our Father's House", which began as a Christian ministry and shelter for unwed mothers, later evolving into a private religious reformatory boarding school for "troubled" teenage girls. In 2003, he was arrested for molesting a 15-year-old girl who was living there. He was convicted and sentenced to 18 years in prison, where he died in 2013.

Domestic terrorism
Domestic terrorism or homegrown terrorism is a form of terrorism in which victims "within a country are targeted by a perpetrator with the same citizenship" as the victims. There are various different definitions of terrorism, with no universal agreement about it.

Unlike domestic terrorism, state terrorism is that perpetrated by nation states, but is not considered such by the state conducting it, making legality a grey area.
Brazil at the 2027 Pan American Games
Brazil will compete at the 2027 Pan American Games in Lima, Peru. This will be Brazil's 20th appearance at the Pan American Games, having competed at every edition of the games since the inaugural edition in 1951.

Brazilian athletes will have two possible major paths to qualify for the games: the 2025 Junior Pan American Games and the 2026 South American Games; many other qualifying tournaments will be held.

2026 South American Games
The XIII South American Games (Spanish: XIII Juegos Suramericanos Santa Fé 2026) will be a multi-sport event to be held between 12 and 26 September 2026 in Rosario, Santa Fe, and Rafaela, Argentina. The Games were organized by the South American Sports Organization, the Argentinian Olympic Committee, the government of the Republic of Argentina and the local Provincial government.
Tert-Butylphosphaacetylene
tert-Butylphosphaacetylene is an organophosphorus compound.  Abbreviated t-BuCP, it was the first example of an isolable phosphaalkyne. Prior to its synthesis, the double bond rule had suggested that elements of Period 3 and higher were unable to form double or triple bonds with lighter main group elements because of weak orbital overlap.  The synthesis of t-BuCP discredited much of the double bond rule and opened new studies into the formation of unsaturated phosphorus compounds.

Double bond rule
In chemistry, the double bond rule states that elements with a principal quantum number (n) greater than 2 for their valence electrons (period 3 elements and higher) tend not to form multiple bonds (e.g. double bonds and triple bonds). Double bonds for these heavier elements, when they exist, are often weak due to poor orbital overlap between the n>2 orbitals of the two atoms.  Although such compounds are not intrinsically unstable, they instead tend to dimerize or even polymerize. Moreover, the multiple bonds of the elements with n=2 are much stronger than usual, because lone pair repulsion weakens their sigma bonding but not their pi bonding. An example is the rapid polymerization that occurs upon condensation of disulfur, the heavy analogue of O2. Numerous exceptions to the rule exist. Several exceptions of this rule have been already made.
Urban canyon
An urban canyon (also known as a street canyon or skyscraper canyon) is a place where the street is flanked by buildings on both sides creating a canyon-like environment, evolved etymologically from the Canyon of Heroes in Manhattan. Such human-built canyons are made when streets separate dense blocks of structures, especially skyscrapers. Other examples include the Magnificent Mile in Chicago, Los Angeles' Wilshire Boulevard corridor, Toronto's Financial District, and Hong Kong's Kowloon and Central districts.

Urban canyons affect various local conditions, including temperature, wind, light, air quality, and radio reception, including satellite navigation signals.

Kowloon
Kowloon (/ˌkaʊˈluːn/) is one of the three areas of Hong Kong, along with Hong Kong Island and the New Territories. It is an urban area comprising the Kowloon Peninsula and New Kowloon. It has a population of 2,019,533  and a population density of 43,033/km2 (111,450/sq mi) in 2006. It is the smallest, second most populous, and most densely populated of the divisions.
Finland at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics
Finland competed at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics, 15–23 August 2009. A team of 20 athletes was announced in preparation for the competition. The selected athletes had achieved at least one of the competition's qualifying standards. The team failed to win any medals; defending world champion javelin thrower Tero Pitkämäki managed only a fifth-place finish.

2009 World Championships in Athletics
The 12th IAAF World Championships in Athletics (German: Leichtathletik-Weltmeisterschaften 2009) were held in Berlin, Germany from 15 to 23 August 2009. The majority of events took place in the Olympiastadion, while the marathon and racewalking events started and finished at the Brandenburg Gate.
Central New South Wales languages
The Central New South Wales languages (Central NSW) are a largely geographic grouping of Australian Aboriginal languages within the traditional Pama–Nyungan family, partially overlapping the Kuri subgroup of the Yuin–Kuric languages.

The languages most often included are:

Wiradhuric (Wiradhuri, Ngiyambaa, Gamilaraay)

Dyangadi (Dyangadi, Nganyaywana)

Worimi (Worimi, Awabakal)

Muruwarri

Barranbinja

Bowern and Atkinson use the term Central NSW to group the Wiradhuric languages with Muruwaric. Elsewhere it is known as Central Inland NSW.

Ngiyampaa language
The Ngiyampaa language, also spelt Ngiyambaa, Ngempa, Ngemba and other variants, is a Pama–Nyungan language of the Wiradhuric subgroup. It was the traditional language of the Wangaaypuwan and Wayilwan peoples of New South Wales.
Baruna Nusantara F.C.
Baruna Nusantara Banyuwangi Football Club (simply known as Baruna Nusantara or MBU, formerly known as Mitra Bola Utama) is an Indonesian football club based in Banyuwangi, East Java. They currently compete in the Liga 4. In 2011, the club won the Liga Indonesia Third Division and got promoted to the Second Division.

Liga Indonesia Second Division
Liga Indonesia Second Division (Indonesian: Divisi Dua Liga Indonesia) was the fourth level football league in the Indonesian football competition system. This competition, along with First Division and Third Division, is managed by the Amateur League Board of the Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI).

This level of Indonesian football is amateur and is run on a national level. This competition is for players under the age of twenty-three years and is part of the youth player development program.

After the establishment of the Liga Nusantara in 2014, the Second Division was dissolved.
Battle of Giurgiu (1595)
The Battle of Giurgiu, also known as the Bridge Disaster (Turkish: Köprü Faciası), took place on 27–30 October 1595. It was part of the Long Turkish War (1593–1606), a border conflict between the Christian powers and the Ottoman Empire over Balkan territories.

Târgoviște
Târgoviște (Romanian pronunciation: [tɨrˈɡoviʃte], alternatively spelled Tîrgoviște) is a city and county seat in Dâmbovița County, Romania. It is situated 80 kilometres (50 miles) north-west of Bucharest, on the right bank of the Ialomița River.

Târgoviște was one of the most important cities in the history of Wallachia, as it was its capital from 1418 to 1659. At the 2021 census, the city had a population of 66,965 people, making it the 27th largest in the country.
1988 Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft
The 1988 Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft was the fifth season of premier German touring car championship and also third season under the moniker of Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft.

The championship was run under heavily modified Group A regulations, including the use of air restrictors. The champion was Klaus Ludwig with 5 victories driving a Ford Sierra RS500 Cosworth.

Restrictor plate
A restrictor plate or air restrictor is a device installed at the intake of an engine to limit its power. This kind of system is occasionally used in road vehicles (e.g., motorcycles) for insurance purposes, but mainly in automobile racing, to limit top speed to provide equal level of competition, and to lower costs; insurance purposes have also factored in for motorsports.
Clement Bezold
Clement Bezold is a political scientist, author, futurist and a founder of the Institute for Alternative Futures (IAF) as well as its for-profit subsidiary Alternative Futures Associates.

Bezold received a Ph.D. in political science from the University of Florida.

In 1977, Bezold established the Institute for Alternative Futures in Alexandria, Virginia. Its goal was to encourage "Anticipatory Democracy". In 1982, Bezold started Alternative Futures Associates as a consulting firm on corporate strategic planning.

Bezold has written or edited books related to the future, particularly on the future of health care. He serves as the Consulting Editor for the Journal of Futures Studies and sits on the editorial advisory boards of the journals Foresight: The International Journal of Applied Forecasting, Technology Forecasting and Social Change and World Future Review.

Foresight (forecasting journal)
Foresight: The International Journal of Applied Forecasting is a forecasting journal published quarterly by the International Institute of Forecasters. Foresight was launched in 2005 as a practitioner-focused companion to the IIF's International Journal of Forecasting.

Foresight publishes peer-reviewed articles written by academics and business forecasters on topics including design and management of forecasting processes, forecasting models, integrating forecasting into business planning, sales forecasting, prediction markets, reviews of forecasting tools and books, sales and operations planning (S&OP), improving forecasting accuracy, and demand forecasting.

All Foresight back issues and articles are indexed via the IDEAS Database.
Hatfield Cemetery (Sarah Ann, West Virginia)
Hatfield Cemetery is a historic cemetery located near Sarah Ann, Logan County, West Virginia. The earliest burial dates to 1898, and is the grave of Captain S. Hatfield (1891–1898). The cemetery features the grave and monument with a life-size statue of Captain Anderson "Devil Anse" Hatfield, erected in 1926.  It is notable as a burial place for members of the Hatfield family, early settlers of the region and participants in the famous Hatfield-McCoy feud during the 19th century.  It is a companion to the Hatfield Cemetery near Newtown, West Virginia.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Sarah Ann, West Virginia
Sarah Ann is a census-designated place (CDP) in Logan County, West Virginia, United States. The CDP includes the unincorporated community of Sarah Ann, plus the neighboring communities of Crystal Block and part of Stirrat. As of the 2020 census, the population of the CDP was 207 (down from 345 at the 2010 census).
Seale, Surrey
Seale is a village in Surrey, England. Seale covers most of the civil parish of Seale and Sands and the steep slope and foot of the south side of the Hog's Back (mid-western section of the North Downs between Farnham and Guildford) as well as a large hill which exceeds it – as such is part of the Surrey Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

North Downs
The North Downs are a ridge of chalk hills and an area of downland in south-east England, that stretch from Farnham in Surrey to the White Cliffs of Dover in Kent. Much of the North Downs comprises two Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONBs): the Surrey Hills and the Kent Downs. The North Downs Way National Trail runs along the North Downs from Farnham to Dover. They form the northern boundary of the Weald, which is correspondingly bounded to the south by the South Downs.

The highest point in the North Downs is Botley Hill, Surrey (270 metres (890 ft) above sea level). The County Top of Kent is  Betsom's Hill (251 m (823 ft) above sea level), which is less than 1 km from Westerham Heights, Bromley, the highest point in Greater London at an elevation of 245 m (804 ft).
John McKoon House
John McKoon House, also known as Johnson House, was a historic home located at La Grange, Lewis County, Missouri. It was built about 1857, and was a two-story, five-bay, brick I-house with Greek Revival style design elements.  It had a 1+1⁄2-story brick rear ell enlarged about 1876.  It featured an original two story portico with square wood columns and a simple wide cornice with delicately scaled dentil molding. It has been demolished.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

Lewis County, Missouri
Lewis County is a county located in the northeastern portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,032. Its county seat is Monticello. The county was organized January 2, 1833, and named for Meriwether Lewis, the explorer and Governor of the Louisiana Territory.

Lewis County is part of the Quincy, IL–MO Micropolitan Statistical Area.
THV Patricia
THV Patricia is a multi-functional tender (MFT) operated by Trinity House, the body responsible for the operation of lighthouses and marine navigation aids around the coasts of England, Wales and the Channel Islands.

Buoy tender
A buoy tender is a type of vessel used to maintain and replace navigational buoys. This term can also apply to an actual person who does this work.

The United States Coast Guard uses buoy tenders to accomplish one of its primary missions of maintaining all U.S. aids to navigation (ATON).

The Canadian Coast Guard uses multi-use vessels (most being icebreakers) with tasks including buoy tending.