hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Expressivism
In meta-ethics, expressivism is a theory about the meaning of moral language. According to expressivism, sentences that employ moral terms – for example, "It is wrong to torture an innocent human being" – are not descriptive or fact-stating; moral terms such as "wrong", "good", or "just" do not refer to real, in-the-world properties. The primary function of moral sentences, according to expressivism, is not to assert any matter of fact but rather to express an evaluative attitude toward an object of evaluation. Because the function of moral language is non-descriptive, moral sentences do not have any truth conditions. Hence, expressivists either do not allow that moral sentences have truth value, or rely on a notion of truth that does not appeal to any descriptive truth conditions being met for moral sentences.

Morality
Morality (from Latin  moralitas 'manner, character, proper behavior') is a doctrine or system of moral conduct which involves evaluative judgments about agents and actions, including assessments of actions as moral or immoral behavior and of character traits as virtues or vices, such as honesty or cruelty.

Immorality is the active opposition to morality (i.e., opposition to that which is moral or immoral), while amorality is variously defined as an unawareness of, indifference toward, or disbelief in any particular set of moral standards or principles.
Rainbow Mirror
Rainbow Mirror is a triple album by the American musical project Prurient, the performing name of the artist Dominick Fernow. It was released on December 1, 2017 through Profound Lore Records. Coinciding with the 20th anniversary of the Prurient project, Rainbow Mirror was released as a 4xCD (the fourth being a bonus disc) and as a 7xLP, which was distributed by Hospital Productions. This Hospital Productions release bundled Rainbow Mirror with a limited cassette version of Godflesh's 2017 album, Post Self. The 8-panel digipak version of the album includes a short story by Fernow and Scott Bryan Wilson.

Profound Lore Records
Profound Lore Records is a Canadian independent record label founded in May 2004. The label primarily focuses on releasing extreme metal and experimental albums.

It "began as the 'hobby-like venture' of a few friends but, over the past six years, the label has evolved into a one-man enterprise, shaped a distinct 'aesthetic identity' and provided owner Chris Bruni with a full-time job." Notable artists who have published their work by the label include Agalloch and Bell Witch.

The label has been described as having imbued brand loyalty to some fans. The label received criticism from The A.V. Club for distributing National Socialist black metal artists.
A Mind of Its Own: How Your Brain Distorts and Deceives
A Mind of Its Own: How Your Brain Distorts and Deceives is the first book written by Cordelia Fine, published in 2005 by W.W. Norton & Company.  It is made of eight chapters that explore how the brain distorts reality and exhibits biased thinking.

In The Quarterly Review of Biology, Massimo Pigliucci described the book as "a short and sensible manual for its [the brain's] proper care and usage". Richard Lipkin also reviewed A Mind of Its Own in Scientific American Mind.

A Mind of Its Own was longlisted for the Royal Society Prizes for Science Books General Prize in 2007.

Bias
Bias is a disproportionate weight in favor of or against an idea or thing, usually in a way that is inaccurate, closed-minded, prejudicial, or unfair. Biases can be innate or learned. People may develop biases for or against an individual, a group, or a belief. In science and engineering, a bias is a systematic error. Statistical bias results from an unfair sampling of a population, or from an estimation process that does not give accurate results on average.
Plow United
Plow United is an American punk rock band formed in Wilmington, Delaware in 1992. They play fast punk rock with pop, thrashcore and hardcore influences. Their lyrics are sometimes labeled "emo". Band members are Brian McGee (vocals and guitar), Sean Rule (drums) and Joel Tannenbaum (bass).

Thrashcore
Thrashcore (also known as fastcore) is a fast-tempo subgenre of hardcore punk that emerged in the early 1980s. Thrashcore is essentially sped-up hardcore, adopting a slightly more extreme style by means of its vocals, dissonance, and occasional use of blast beats. Songs are usually very brief, and thrashcore is in many ways a less dissonant, minimally metallic forerunner of grindcore. The genre is sometimes associated with the skateboarder subculture.
Kazuhiro Yoshimura
Kazuhiro Yoshimura (吉村 和弘, Yoshimura Kazuhiro; born 28 July 1996) is a Japanese table tennis player. He is the younger brother of Maharu Yoshimura.

He was the singles winner of the 2018 Hong Kong Open.

2018 Hong Kong Open (table tennis)
The 2018 Hong Kong Open was the fourth event of the 2018 International Table Tennis Federation World Tour. It was the first staging of the event, and took place from 24–27 May at the Queen Elizabeth Stadium in Hong Kong.
Gavignano
Gavignano is a town   in the Metropolitan City of Rome, Lazio, central Italy. Gavignano is approximately 50 km south east of Rome, on a hill in the Lepini Mountains.

The name of the town is believed to be derived from the Roman consul and general Aulus Gabinius, a friend of Pompey and ally of   Julius Caesar.

The nearest train station is located in the town of Colleferro. Nearby, within the communal territory, is an archaeological site of a Roman villa from the Republican era, the villa "Rossilli",  believed to be a country home of the Julii family. At Rossilli there is also a historical abbey, built by the Benedictines in the 12th century.

Pope Innocent III was born there in 1160.

Monti Lepini
The Monti Lepini (Italian: Lepini mountains) are a mountain range which belongs to the Anti-Apennines of the Lazio region of central Italy, between the two provinces of Latina and Rome.

The range borders to the north with the Colli Albani, to the south-east with the Amaseno Valley, to the south with the Monti Ausoni and to the west with the Pontinian Plain. The highest peak is the Monte Semprevisa (1,536 m).

The name derives probably from the Latin lapis (stone), referring to the mountains’ limestone rocks. In ancient times, the area was settled by the Volsci.

The most striking natural feature is the Gardens of Ninfa. There are also numerous grottoes, including some of the most significant in central Italy. The wildlife of the mountains includes peregrine falcons, griffons and Apennine wolves.
Old Al Hitmi
Old Al Hitmi (Arabic: الهتمي العتيق, romanized: Al-Hitmī al-'Tīq; also known as Al-Hitmi Al-Ateeq or simply Al Hitmi) is a mixed-use district in Qatar, located in the municipality of Doha. The name is derived from Al-Hitmi family, which is a branch of the main Al Bin Ali tribe. Together with Al Rufaa, the district forms Zone 17, which has a population of 6,028.

Doha (municipality)
Doha (Arabic: الدوحة, ad-Dawḥa or ad-Dōḥa, Arabic pronunciation: [addawħa]) is one of the eight municipalities of Qatar. It is the most populous municipality in the country, with a population of 1,186,023 in 2020, and contains Qatar's capital city, Doha.
Classic! Live at Newport
Classic! Live at Newport is a live album by American jazz saxophonist Joe Lovano recorded in 2005 during the 51st Newport Jazz Festival and released on July 29, 2016 (2016-07-29) via Blue Note label. This is the 25th and final album in his Blue Note catalog.

Hank Jones
Henry Jones Jr. (July 31, 1918 – May 16, 2010) was an American jazz pianist, bandleader, arranger, and composer. Critics and musicians have described Jones as eloquent, lyrical, and impeccable. In 1989, The National Endowment for the Arts honored him with the NEA Jazz Masters Award. He was also honored in 2003 with the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP) Jazz Living Legend Award. In 2008, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts. On April 13, 2009, the University of Hartford presented Jones with an honorary Doctorate of Music for his musical accomplishments.

Jones recorded more than 60 albums under his own name and is estimated to have "appeared on over a thousand recordings" as a sideman, including Cannonball Adderley's celebrated album Somethin' Else with Miles Davis. On May 19, 1962, he played piano as actress Marilyn Monroe sang her famous "Happy Birthday, Mr. President" song to then U.S. president John F. Kennedy.
Veppanahalli Assembly constituency
12°42′08″N 78°11′34″E﻿ / ﻿12.7021105°N 78.1927821°E﻿ / 12.7021105; 78.1927821

Veppanahalli is a state assembly constituency of Tamil Nadu, India, that was formed after constituency delimitation in 2008. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 54. Located in Krishnagiri district, it comprises portions of Hosur, Denkanikottai, and Krishnagiri taluks. The constituency is part of Krishnagiri Lok Sabha constituency for elections to the Parliament of India. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu in India.

Electoral boundary delimitation
Electoral boundary delimitation (or simply boundary delimitation or delimitation) is the drawing of boundaries of electoral precincts and related divisions involved in elections, such as states, counties or other municipalities. It can also be called "redistribution" and is used to prevent unbalance of population across districts. In the United States, it is called redistricting. Unbalanced or discriminatory delimitation is called "gerrymandering". Though there are no internationally agreed processes that guarantee fair delimitation, several organizations, such as the Commonwealth Secretariat, the European Union and the International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) have proposed guidelines for effective delimitation.
Kamieniec, Opatów County
Kamieniec [kaˈmjɛɲɛt͡s] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Iwaniska, within Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south-east of Iwaniska, 13 km (8 mi) south of Opatów, and 57 km (35 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Opatów
Opatów ([ɔˈpatuf] ⓘ; Yiddish: אַפּטאַ, אַפּט, romanized: Apt, Apte) is a town in southeastern Poland, within Opatów County in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Historically, it was part of a greater region called Lesser Poland. In 2012 the population was 6,658. Opatów is located among the hills of Lesser Polish Upland, with the Opatówka river dividing the town into two parts.

A town with a history of some 1,000 years, Opatów is one of the province's best-preserved historic towns and once one of the largest cities in its territory, owing its prosperity to crafts and trade. Its landmarks include the Collegiate Church of St. Martin, listed as a Historic Monument of Poland as one of the most precious examples of Romanesque architecture in Poland, the Baroque Bernardine monastery, town hall and underground tourist routes in late medieval cellars under the old town. Opatów is home to local specialties such as pączki, krówki and kiełbasa.
The Gift (The Jam album)
The Gift is the sixth and final studio album by the English rock band the Jam. It was originally released on 12 March 1982 by Polydor as the follow-up to the Jam's critically and commercially successful studio album Sound Affects (1980). The songs were largely recorded during 1981 to 1982, at George Martin's AIR Studios, assisted by Peter Wilson. Generally regarded as the culmination of the smoother sound of the band's later work, it was one of their most successful studio albums, reaching No. 1 in the UK Albums Chart.

The song "Carnation" was later covered by Liam Gallagher of Oasis in collaboration with Steve Cradock of Ocean Colour Scene (OCS).

A 2-disc deluxe edition of The Gift was released in 2012 to mark the 30th anniversary of the album's release.

Steve Cradock
Stephen Cradock (born 22 August 1969) is an English guitarist, most notable for playing in the rock group Ocean Colour Scene. Cradock also plays the guitar in Paul Weller's band, having appeared on all of Weller's solo records following his self-titled debut solo album. Cradock began playing lead guitar for British ska band The Specials in 2014.

Cradock's playing style has been described as having a "distinctive retro sound". Cradock's influences include The Beatles and The Rolling Stones. Cradock, also known as Fanny or Chopper, also plays keyboards, bass guitar and drums.
William Stewart (New Zealand politician)
William Stewart (1861 – 14 December 1955) was a politician of the Reform Party (New Zealand).

He represented the Bay of Islands electorate from 1915 (when he won a by-election after the 1914 election of Vernon Reed was declared void) to 1917, when he resigned.

He was then appointed to the New Zealand Legislative Council for two terms, from 1918 to 1925 and 1925 to 1932.

In 1935, he was awarded the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal.

Reform Party (New Zealand)
The Reform Party, formally the New Zealand Political Reform League, was New Zealand's second major political party, having been founded as a conservative response to the original Liberal Party. It was in government between 1912 and 1928, and later formed a coalition with the United Party (a remnant of the Liberals), and then merged with United to form the modern National Party.
Teu Ó hAilpín
Teu Ó hAilpín is an Irish sportsperson (Gaelic footballer) playing for Na Piarsaigh GAA and Australian Rules football club Leeside Lions.

Born in Cork, he was a Gaelic Athletic Association player who played for the Éire Óg club in Ennis and Na Piarsaigh in Cork. He is the brother of Cork senior hurling players Seán Óg Ó hAilpín and Aisake and older brother of Carlton Australian footballer Setanta. He left Cork City team Na Piarsaigh in 2001 and signed for Clare side Éire Óg. Teu declared for Clare in 2001, despite having played for minor and Under-21 level for Cork, he later moved to London after a short term in intercounty senior football. Ó hAilpín won the London Senior Hurling Championship with London GAA side Robert Emmett's in 2004.

Éire Óg GAA (Cork)
Éire Óg is a Gaelic football and hurling club based in Ovens, County Cork, a small village adjacent to the town of Ballincollig, County Cork, Ireland. The club is affiliated with Cork GAA county board and the Muskerry divisional board.
Phlegmasia cerulea dolens
Phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD) (literally: 'painful blue inflammation'), not to be confused with preceding phlegmasia alba dolens, is an uncommon severe form of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) that obstructs blood outflow from a vein. Upper extremity PCD is less common, occurring in under 10% of all cases. PCD results from extensive thrombotic occlusion (blockage by a thrombus) of extremity veins, most commonly an iliofemoral DVT, of the iliac vein and/or common femoral vein. It is a medical emergency requiring immediate evaluation and treatment.

Iliac vein
In human anatomy, iliac vein refers to several anatomical structures located in the pelvis:

Common iliac vein, formed by the external and internal iliac veins, drains into the inferior vena cava

Deep circumflex iliac vein, formed by the union of the venae comitantes of the deep iliac circumflex artery, and joins the external iliac vein

External iliac vein, terminates at the common iliac vein, drains the femoral vein

Internal iliac vein, terminates at the common iliac vein, drains pelvic organs and perineum

Superficial circumflex iliac vein
Haasts Bluff, Northern Territory
Haasts Bluff, also known as Ikuntji, is an Aboriginal Australian community in Central Australia, a region of the Northern Territory. The community is located in the MacDonnell Shire local government area, 227 kilometres (141 mi) west of Alice Springs. At the 2006 census, the community, including outstations, had a population of 207.

Central Australia
Central Australia, also sometimes referred to as the Red Centre, is an inexactly defined region associated with the geographic centre of Australia. In its narrowest sense it describes a region that is limited to the town of Alice Springs and its immediate surrounds including the MacDonnell Ranges. Commonly, it refers to an area up to 600 km (370 mi) from Alice Springs, in every direction. In its broadest use it can include almost any region in inland Australia that has remained relatively undeveloped, and in this sense is synonymous with the term Outback.

In a modern, more formal sense it can refer to the administrative region used by the Northern Territory government, as of 2022.

Centralia is another term associated with the area, most commonly used by locals.
Odette Rousseau
Odette Rousseau ([ɔ.dɛt ʁu.so]; 1927 – 7 December 2012) was a French parachutist. She qualified at the age of 23 and became French national champion in 1953 and a world champion in 1954.  Rousseau made a world record jump on 25 August 1955 from a height of 8,721 metres (28,612 ft; 5.419 mi).  She later attended many Fédération Aéronautique Internationale committees and was appointed an officer of the Legion of Honour.

Parachuting
Parachuting and skydiving are methods of descending from altitude  to the surface using the power of gravity, and a parachute.

The three phases of parachuting are freefall, parachute deployment and landing.
Skydiving takes place during the freefall phase where the parachute has not yet been deployed and the body accelerates to terminal velocity.
Sports in Baltimore
Baltimore, Maryland has a long and storied sporting history encompassing many teams from many different eras. Area fans, such as the late Wild Bill Hagy, are known for their passion and reverence for historical sports figures who played in the city or were born there.

Among other sports, Baltimore is also known for horse racing. The Preakness Stakes is a 1-3/16 mile (1.91 km) American Grade I stakes race for three-year-old thoroughbred horses, held on the third Saturday in May each year at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore. The Preakness Stakes has been termed "The Run for the Black-Eyed Susans" because a blanket of Black-eyed Susans (Rudbeckia hirta, the state flower of Maryland) is traditionally placed around the winner's neck. The Preakness is the second leg in American thoroughbred racing's Triple Crown series and almost always attracts the Kentucky Derby winner, and some of the other horses that ran in the Derby.

Wild Bill Hagy
William Grover "Wild Bill" Hagy (June 17, 1939 – August 20, 2007) was an American baseball fan and cab driver from Dundalk, Maryland, who led famous "O-R-I-O-L-E-S" chants during the late 1970s and early 1980s from section 34 in the upper deck at Memorial Stadium.
Special Service Group (Navy)
The Pakistan Navy Special Service Group (reporting name: Navy SSG or simply Pakistan Navy SEALs,) is the special operations force tasked with the conducting the small-unit based military operations in all environmental formats of the sea, air, and land by adopting to the tactics of the unconventional warfare.

The command and control of the Special Service Group (Navy) falls under the responsibility of the Naval Strategic Forces Command and its personnel are sometimes directly recruited into ISI's Covert Action Division (CAD) upon their retirements from their military service.

There is no official report on the actual strength or their military missions since their operational works are subjected to the secrecy by the federal government of Pakistan; knowledge of their works and tactics known in public through the only authorized media works and nonfiction works by the navy veteran.

Military operation
A military operation (op) is the coordinated military actions of a state, or a non-state actor, in response to a developing situation. These actions are designed as a military plan to resolve the situation in the state or actor's favor. Operations may be of a combat or non-combat nature and may be referred to by a code name for the purpose of national security. Military operations are often known for their more generally accepted common usage names than their actual operational objectives.
Sarah Hawkshaw
Sarah Hawkshaw (born 4 November 1995) is an Ireland women's field hockey international. She has also played for Railway Union in the Women's Irish Hockey League and for UMass Minutewomen in the NCAA Division I Field Hockey Championship.

NCAA Division I field hockey tournament
The NCAA Division I field hockey tournament is an American intercollegiate field hockey tournament conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and determines the Division I national champion. The tournament has been held annually since 1981.

The championship is contested exclusively by women's teams and there is no equivalent NCAA men's field hockey championship.

The most successful team is the North Carolina Tar Heels, who have eleven titles. In addition, North Carolina has finished national runner-up an NCAA record eleven times.

The most recent championship, in 2025, was won by the Northwestern Wildcats.
Swimming at the 1959 Pan American Games – Men's 1500 metre freestyle
The men's 1500 metre freestyle competition of the swimming events at the 1959 Pan American Games took place on 31 August (preliminaries)  and 4 September (finals). The last Pan American Games champion was James McLane of US.

This race consisted of thirty lengths of the pool, all lengths being in freestyle.

Swimming at the 1955 Pan American Games – Men's 1500 metre freestyle
The men's 1500 metre freestyle competition of the swimming events at the 1955 Pan American Games took place on 20 March. The last Pan American Games champion was Tetsuo Okamoto of Brazil.

This race consisted of thirty lengths of the pool, all lengths being in freestyle.
Gmina Rudnik, Lublin Voivodeship
Gmina Rudnik is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Krasnystaw County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Rudnik, which lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-west of Krasnystaw and 50 km (31 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 88.4 square kilometres (34.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,521.

Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship (Polish: województwo lubelskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ luˈbɛlskʲɛ] ⓘ) is a voivodeship (province) of Poland, located in the southeastern part of the country, with its capital being the city of Lublin.

The region is named after its largest city and regional capital, Lublin, and its territory is made of four historical lands: the western and central part of the voivodeship, with Lublin itself, belongs to Lesser Poland, the eastern part of Lublin Area belongs to Cherven Cities/Red Ruthenia, and the northeast belongs to Polesie and Podlasie.
Lublin Voivodeship borders Subcarpathian Voivodeship to the south, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship to the south-west, Masovian Voivodeship to the west and north, Podlaskie Voivodeship along a short boundary to the north, Belarus (Brest Region) and Ukraine (Lviv and Volyn Regions) to the east. The region's population as of 2024 was 1,996,440. It covers an area of 25,155 square kilometres (9,712 sq mi).