hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Climate Change Performance Index
The Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) is a scoring system designed by the German environmental and development organisation Germanwatch e.V. to enhance transparency in international climate politics. On the basis of standardised criteria, the index evaluates and compares the climate protection performance of 63 countries and the European Union (EU) (status CCPI 2022), which are together responsible for more than 90% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

The CCPI was first published in 2005 and an updated version is presented at the UN Climate Change Conference annually. Germanwatch publishes the index in cooperation with the NewClimate Institute and Climate Action Network International and with financial support from Barthel Foundation. The most important results are available in German, English, French and Spanish.

Climate Action Network
Climate Action Network - International (CAN) is a global network of over 1,300 environmental non-governmental organisations in over 130 countries working to promote government and individual action to limit human-induced climate change to ecologically sustainable levels.
Symphony No. 4 (Martinů)
The Symphony No. 4, H. 305, by Bohuslav Martinů was composed in New York City from April 1945, and completed at Martinů's summer home at Cape Cod in June 1945. The finale bears the inscription South Orleans, 14th June, 1945.

The work is in four movements and, according to the composer, grows out of a single motif. The first movement alternates between lyrical and rhythmical material presented in variation. The second movement, in 68 time is a scherzo, marked by a rhythmically irregular Dvořákian leading melody. The slow third movement is dominated by the strings with short passagework for the woodwind. The finale is an energetic reworking of earlier material and concludes with a vibrant tutti.

The work is dedicated to his friends Helen and William Ziegler, and was premiered on 30 November 1945 at the Academy of Music in Philadelphia by the Philadelphia Orchestra under Eugene Ormandy.

Scherzo
A scherzo (/ˈskɛərtsoʊ/, UK also /ˈskɜːrt-/, Italian: [ˈskertso]; plural scherzos or scherzi), in western classical music, is a short composition – sometimes a movement from a larger work such as a symphony or a sonata. The precise definition has varied over the years, but scherzo often refers to a movement that replaces the minuet as the third movement in a four-movement work, such as a symphony, sonata, or string quartet. The term can also refer to a fast-moving humorous composition that may or may not be part of a larger work.
Wizard's First Rule
Wizard's First Rule, written by Terry Goodkind, is the first book in the epic fantasy series The Sword of Truth. Published by Tor Books, it was released on August 15, 1994 in hardcover, and in mass market paperback in September 1995. The book was also re-released with new cover artwork by Keith Parkinson in paperback on June 23, 2001. The novel was adapted to television in the 2008 television series Legend of the Seeker.

Goodkind had no trouble selling his first book to a publisher. "I'm sort of the exception that proves the rule," he says. "I wanted to be represented by the best agent in the country and I wrote him a letter." He asked to see the book and he liked it." He showed it to a number of publishers. Three of them had an auction. Ten weeks after I'd written 'The End' it sold for a record price ($275,000)," the most money ever paid for a fantasy novel by a first time author.

Keith Parkinson
Keith A. Parkinson (October 22, 1958 – October 26, 2005) was an American fantasy artist and illustrator known for book covers and artwork for games such as EverQuest, Guardians, Magic: The Gathering, and Vanguard: Saga of Heroes. After designing book and magazine covers for TSR, Parkinson moved into game design in the 1990s, and co-designed the collectible card game Guardians. Parkinson died of leukemia on October 26, 2005.
Robert Platt (canoeist)
Robert "Roby" Platt (1952-2014) was a French slalom canoeist who competed from the late 1970s to the early 1980s. He won a silver medal in the C-2 team event at the 1979 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Jonquière.

1979 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 1979 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held in Jonquière, Quebec, Canada under the auspices of International Canoe Federation. It was the 16th edition. This marked the first time the championships were held outside Europe. The mixed C2 event was not held at these championships. East Germany did not take part and Czechoslovakia, as the other traditional powerhouse, won only one medal. West Germany won three medals while the United States led the medal count with seven, the first time an English-speaking country had done so.
Canton of Vernon
The canton of Vernon is an administrative division of the Eure department, northern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Vernon.

It consists of the following communes:

Gasny

Giverny

Sainte-Geneviève-lès-Gasny

Vernon

Giverny
Giverny (French: [ʒivɛʁni]) is a commune in the northern French department of Eure. The village is located on the "right bank" of the river Seine at its confluence with the river Epte. It lies 80 km (50 mi) west-northwest of Paris, in the region of Normandy. It is best known as the location of Claude Monet's garden and home.

Several American Impressionist artists also settled in Giverny, drawn by the landscapes, the overall atmosphere, and the presence of Monet. Other attractions include the Museum of Impressionism Giverny, dedicated to the history of impressionism and the Giverny art colony, and the Hôtel Baudy, which was the center of artistic life in Giverny's heyday. It is now a café and restaurant, with period decoration.
Vadim Rudenko
Vadim Leonidovich Rudenko (born 8 December 1967 in Krasnodar) is a Russian pianist.

While still a student at the Moscow Conservatory, he was a finalist at the XII Queen Elisabeth Competition and the XII Paloma O'Shea Competition in 1992. After graduating he took part in the X International Tchaikovsky Competition in 1994; with first prize being declared void he was awarded the third prize, ex-aequo with Hae-Sun Paik, behind Nikolai Lugansky. Four years later, Rudenko attained the XI edition's second prize.

Krasnodar
Krasnodar, formerly Yekaterinodar (until 1920), is the largest city and the administrative centre of Krasnodar Krai, Russia. The city stands on the Kuban River in southern Russia, with a population of 1,154,885 residents, and up to 1.263 million residents in the Urban Okrug. In the past decade Krasnodar has experienced rapid population growth, rising to become the tenth-largest city in Russia, and the largest city in southern Russia, as well as the Southern Federal District.

The city originated in 1793 as a fortress built by the Cossacks, and became a trading center for southern Russia. The city sustained heavy damage in World War II but was rebuilt and renovated after the war. Krasnodar is a major economic hub in southern Russia; In 2012, Forbes named Krasnodar the best city for business in Russia. Krasnodar is home to numerous sights, including the Krasnodar Stadium. Its main airport is Krasnodar International Airport.
James Nixon (American football)
James A. Nixon (born February 2, 1988) is an American former professional football player who was a cornerback in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the California Vulcans. Nixon was signed by the Arizona Cardinals as an undrafted free agent in 2012. He has also played for the Green Bay Packers.

California Vulcans football
The California Vulcans football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Pennsylvania Western University California (known before July 2022 as California University of Pennsylvania), located in California, Pennsylvania. The team competes in NCAA Division II and is a member of the Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference. California University's first football team was fielded in 1916. The Vulcans play home games at the 6,500-seat Hepner–Bailey Field at Adamson Stadium on their campus, and are coached by Gary Dunn.
CWSDPMI
CWSDPMI is a 32-bit DPMI host written by Charles W. Sandmann from 1996 to 2010, currently at r7. It is loosely based upon prior GO32.EXE code used in DJGPP v1. It can provide DPMI 0.90+ 32-bit services for programs compiled with latest versions of DJGPP etc. compilers. Since r5, it can also be used for programs requiring a DPMI stub in lieu of PMODE/DJ. It supports up to 4 GB, virtual memory, and hardware interrupt reflection from real mode to protected mode. Programs compiled with DJGPP v2 require a DPMI host, which is usually CWSDPMI.EXE or CWSDPR0.EXE. In case of CWSDPMI.EXE, the default paging/virtual memory file is C:\CWSDPMI.SWP. It is capable of running on a 386 in under 512 KB of RAM.

CWSDPMI is functionally similar to other 32-bit DPMI hosts such as HDPMI32, which is part of HX DOS Extender.

CWSDPMI r7 is free and open-source software.

Interrupt
In digital computers, an interrupt is a request for the processor to interrupt currently executing code (when permitted), so that the event can be processed in a timely manner. If the request is accepted, the processor will suspend its current activities, save its state, and execute a function called an interrupt handler (or an interrupt service routine, ISR) to deal with the event. This interruption is often temporary, allowing the software to resume normal activities after the interrupt handler finishes, although the interrupt could instead indicate a fatal error.

Interrupts are commonly used by hardware devices to indicate electronic or physical state changes that require time-sensitive attention. Interrupts are also commonly used to implement computer multitasking and system calls, especially in real-time computing. Systems that use interrupts in these ways are said to be interrupt-driven.
Antigo Post Office
The Antigo Post Office is the post office serving the city of Antigo, Wisconsin. The post office was built in 1916 in the Classical Revival style using brick, with limestone and granite features; at the time, it cost $60,000 to build. Antigo has had a post office since 1879; however, this post office was the first owned by the federal government. The post office was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 24, 2000; it is one of 27 post offices on the National Register in Wisconsin.

Antigo, Wisconsin
Antigo (/ˈæntɪˌɡoʊ/ AN-tih-goh) is a city in and the county seat of Langlade County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 8,100 at the 2020 census. Antigo is the center of a farming and lumbering district, and its manufactured products consist principally of lumber, chairs, furniture, sashes, doors and blinds, hubs and spokes, and other wood products.
Michinmahuida
Michinmahuida (Spanish pronunciation: [mitʃinmaˈwiða]) (alternate spellings Minchinmávida or Michimahuida) is a glaciated stratovolcano located in Los Lagos Region of Chile. It lies about 15 km east of Chaitén volcano, and was extensively covered in ash during the 2008 eruption of Chaitén. The stratovolcano lies above the regional Liquine-Ofqui Fault zone, and the ice-covered massif towers over the south portion of Pumalín Park. It has a summit elevation of 2,450 meters above sea level.

Pumalín Douglas Tompkins National Park
Pumalín Douglas Tompkins National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Pumalín Douglas Tompkins) is a 402,392-hectare (1,000,000-acre) national park in the Palena Province of Chile, created by Tompkins Conservation, which was endowed and led by the American business magnate Doug Tompkins and his wife, former CEO of Patagonia, Inc., Kris Tompkins. Designated a Nature Sanctuary in 2005, Parque Pumalín was Chile's largest private nature reserve and operated as a public-access park, with an extensive infrastructure of trails, campgrounds, and visitor centers.  By an accord announced on 18 March 2017, the park was donated to the Chilean state and became a national park.
2017 Boundary Ford Curling Classic
The 2017 Boundary Ford Curling Classic was held from November 24 to 27 at the Lloydminster Curling Club in Lloydminster, Saskatchewan as part of the 2017–18 World Curling Tour. The event was held in a triple knockout format.

Lloydminster
Lloydminster is a city in Canada which has the unusual geographic distinction of straddling the provincial border between Alberta and Saskatchewan. The city is incorporated by both provinces as a single city with a single municipal administration.
Karbeyaz
Karbeyaz (formerly: Yiğityolu) is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Altınözü, Hatay Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,128 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde).

Karbeyaz is situated close to the Syrian border. The distance to Altınözü is 19 kilometres (12 mi) and to Antakya (central city of the province) is 45 kilometres (28 mi). The town was founded by the soldiers in the army of Ottoman sultan Selim I during his return from the Egyptian campaign in 1517. After the First World War like the rest of the province it was offered to France. During the French rule its name was changed to Yiğityolu. But after it merged to Turkey in 1939, the former name Karbeyaz was readopted. ın 1975 Karbeyaz was declared a seat of township. The town is a typical agricultural town with olives being the most important crop. Cereal and figs are also produced.

Belde
Belde (literally "town", also known as kasaba) means "large village with a municipality" in Turkish.

All Turkish province centers and district centers have municipalities, but the villages are usually too small to have municipalities. The population in some villages may exceed 2000 and in such villages a small municipality may be established depending on residents' choice. Such villages are called belde. Up to 2014 the number of belde municipalities was about 1400.

On 30 March 2014 by the act no. 6360 all villages (those with and without municipality) were included in the urban fabric of the district municipalities in 30 provinces. Thus belde municipalities in 30 provinces were abolished. The number of abolished belde municipalities is 1040.

Presently, in 51 provinces, which are not in the scope of the act no 6360, there are still 394 belde municipalities.
Luciano Vitullo
Luciano Vitullo (born 3 February 1983) is an Argentine former professional tennis player.

A native of Carapachay, Vitullo had a promising junior career and was taken under the wing of Paul Annacone, coach of Pete Sampras. He won the Eddie Herr International Junior Championships in 2000 and made the US Open junior semi-finals in 2001. As a doubles player he claimed a junior title at the 2001 Australian Open, partnering Ytai Abougzir.

Vitullo reached a best singles world ranking of 440 and won two ITF Futures titles.

ITF Men's World Tennis Tour
The ITF Men's World Tennis Tour (formerly ITF Men's Circuit) is a series of professional tennis tournaments held around the world that are organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF).  The tour represents the lowest rung of the men's professional tennis ladder.  ITF tournaments are incorporated into the ATP rankings, enabling young professionals to progress on to the ATP Challenger Tour and ultimately the full ATP Tour.  Nearly every professional male player has spent some time on the ITF Men's World Tennis Tour.
Cerna (Olteț)
The Cerna is a left tributary of the river Olteț in Romania. It discharges into the Olteț near Budești. It flows through the communes Vaideeni, Slătioara, Stroești, Copăceni, Lăpușata, Lădești, Stănești, Fârtățești, Măciuca, Valea Mare and Bălcești. Its length is 164 km (102 mi) and its basin size is 618 km2 (239 sq mi).

Fârtățești
Fârtățești is a commune located in Vâlcea County, Oltenia, Romania. It is composed of twenty villages: Afânata, Becșani, Cățetu, Cuci, Dăncăi, Dejoi, Dozești, Fârtățești, Gârnicet, Giulești, Giuleștii de Sus, Măricești, Nisipi, Popești, Rusănești, Seciu, Șotani, Stănculești, Tanislavi and Valea Ursului.
Thomas Nichols Putnam House
The Thomas Nichols Putnam House on Main St. in Carrington, North Dakota, United States, is an American Foursquare house with Classical Revival architecture elements that was built in 1907.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

The home was the former residence of Thomas Nichols Putnam  (1855–1931) and his wife  Clara Belle Rood Putnam (1861-1937). 
Thomas Nichols Putnam was an early settler of Carrington and the  area's pioneer lumber man. He influenced the community's development through his lumberyard business and in many other ways. He served in the North Dakota State House of Representatives from 1910 to 1912  and the North Dakota State Senate from 1914 to 1930 .

Carrington, North Dakota
Carrington is a city in Foster County, North Dakota, United States. It is the county seat of Foster County. A part of Carrington Township and Wyard Township The population was 2,080 at the 2020 census. Carrington was founded in 1883.

Carrington is home to Dakota Growers Pasta Company, Inc.
Faith of My Fathers (film)
Faith of My Fathers is a 2005 American biographical drama television film directed by Peter Markle and written by Markle and William Bingham, based on the 1999 memoir by United States Senator and former United States Navy aviator John McCain (with Mark Salter). It aired on A&E on Memorial Day, May 30, 2005.

Filmed in New Orleans, Faith of My Fathers is based on the story of Lieutenant Commander John McCain's experiences as a prisoner of war in North Vietnam for five and a half years during the Vietnam War, interleaved with his memories of growing up in a heritage rich with military service. Shawn Hatosy stars as John McCain, with Scott Glenn as his father, Admiral Jack McCain. Of the North Vietnamese captors, Chi Muoi Lo plays the keyman "Prick" and Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa plays prison commander "Cat".

Mark Salter
Mark Salter (born 1955) is an American speechwriter from Davenport, Iowa, known for his collaborations with United States Senator John McCain on several nonfiction books as well as on political speeches.  Salter also served as McCain's chief of staff for a while, although he had left that position by 2008. Salter has often been referred to as McCain's "alter ego".
Chūō-ku, Chiba
Chūō Ward (中央区, Chūō-ku) is one of the six wards of the city of Chiba in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, and is the seat of the city government, and the location of the prefectural government offices for Chiba Prefecture. It is also the commercial center of Chiba. As of April 2012, the ward had an estimated population of 200,157 and a population density of 4,470 persons per km2. The total area was 44.81 km2, making it the most populous of the six wards of Chiba city.

Keisei Electric Railway
The Keisei Electric Railway Company, Ltd. (stylized as K'SEI since 2001) is a major private railway in Chiba Prefecture and Tokyo, Japan. The name Keisei is the combination of the kanji 京 from Tokyo (東京) and 成 from Narita (成田), which the railway's main line connects; the combination uses different readings than the ones used in the city names. The railway's main line runs from Tokyo to Narita and the eastern suburb cities of Funabashi, Narashino, Yachiyo, and Sakura. Keisei runs an airport limited express train called the Skyliner from Ueno and Nippori to Narita International Airport.

In addition to its railway business, the Keisei Electric Railway Company owns large bus and taxi services and some real estate holdings. It owns a controlling share of the Oriental Land Company which owns and manages the Tokyo Disney Resort. Keisei is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the Nikkei 225 index.
Tarikh-i Alam-ara-yi Amini
Tarīkh-i ʿĀlam-ārā-yi Amīnī (Persian: عالم آرای امینی) is a Persian book on the history of Aq Qoyunlu confederation written by Fazl b. Ruzbihan Khunji. It was composed after the major eastwards expansion of the Aq Qoyunlu, and was completed before 1493.

The book was dedicated to Baysunghur. It was translated in modern times by Vladimir Minorsky into English. Minorsky highly praised the author for his neutrality. The book is one of the few primary sources on the history of Aq Qoyunlu dynasty and in particular, it contains valuable information about the reigns of Sultan Ya'qub, Sultan Khalil and Uzun Hasan.

Uzun Hasan
Uzun Hasan or Uzun Hassan (اوزون حسن; February or March 1425 – January 6, 1478) was a ruler of the Turkoman Aq Qoyunlu state and is generally considered to be its strongest ruler. Hasan was from the Bayandur tribe, and ruled between 1452 and 1478, presiding over the confederation's territorial apex, when it included parts or all of present-day Iraq, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Iran, Transcaucasia and Syria.
Alvin C. Graves
Alvin Cushman Graves (November 4, 1909 – July 28, 1965) was an American nuclear physicist who served at the Manhattan Project's Metallurgical Laboratory and the Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II. After the war, he became the head of the J (Test) Division at Los Alamos and was director or assistant director of numerous nuclear weapons tests during the 1940s and 1950s. Graves was severely injured in the 1946 laboratory criticality accident in Los Alamos that killed Louis Slotin, but recovered.

Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter.

Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the atom as a whole, including its electrons.

Discoveries in nuclear physics have led to applications in many fields such as nuclear power, nuclear weapons, nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging, industrial and agricultural isotopes, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating in geology and archaeology. Such applications are studied in the field of nuclear engineering.

Particle physics evolved out of nuclear physics and the two fields are typically taught in close association. Nuclear astrophysics, the application of nuclear physics to astrophysics, is crucial in explaining the inner workings of stars and the origin of the chemical elements.
Harry Manson (ice hockey)
Howard "Harry" Manson (January 21, 1885 – November 8, 1940) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. Manson played professionally with Cornwall, Ontario, Galt, Ontario, Ottawa Victorias,  Toronto Pros, Waterloo Colts, Port Hope Professionals and Montreal Wanderers.

Waterloo Colts
The Waterloo Colts was a professional ice hockey team from Waterloo, Ontario in Canada. The team played for two seasons in the Ontario Professional Hockey League, from 1910 to 1911.

Waterloo Colts best result in its two-year tenure in the OPHL was a second-place finish in 1911, when the team lost the league title to the Galt Professionals. Waterloo lost the deciding game between the two teams 0-8 and missed out on a chance to challenge for the Stanley Cup.