hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Minuscule 197
Minuscule 197 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), A132 (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It has marginalia.

Lacuna (manuscripts)
A lacuna (pl. lacunae or lacunas) is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or musical work. A manuscript, text, or section suffering from gaps is said to be "lacunose" or "lacunulose".

Weathering, decay, and other damage to old manuscripts or inscriptions are often responsible for lacunae - words, sentences, or whole passages that are missing or illegible. Palimpsests are particularly vulnerable. To reconstruct the original text, the context must be considered. In papyrology and textual criticism, this may lead to competing reconstructions and interpretations. Published texts that contain lacunae often mark the section where text is missing with a bracketed ellipsis. For example, "This sentence contains 20 words, and [...] nouns," or, "Finally, the army arrived at [...] and made camp."
2005 Italy rugby union tour
The 2005 Italy rugby union tour of Argentina and South Africa was a series of matches played in June_ 2005 in Argentina and Australia by Italy national rugby union team.

Italy obtain his first victory in test-match played in Argentina against the Pumas. It was the only victory of a Northern hemisphere team in a test match during the 2005 mid-year rugby union tests

Gonzalo Canale
Gonzalo Canale (born 11 November 1982) is an Italian Argentine rugby union footballer. His usual position is in the centre or at full back. He plays for French club ASM Clermont Auvergne. Canale has also been capped for the Italy national team, and was a part of their squad at the 2003 Rugby World Cup in Australia and the 2011 Rugby World Cup in New Zealand.

He was a replacement in the final as Clermont won the Top 14 title in 2009–10.
Battle of Piedmont
The Battle of Piedmont was fought June 5, 1864, in the village of Piedmont, Augusta County, Virginia. Union Major Geneneral David Hunter engaged Confederates under Brigadier General William E. "Grumble" Jones north of Piedmont. After severe fighting, Jones was killed and the Confederates were routed. Hunter occupied Staunton on June 6 and soon began to advance on Lynchburg, destroying military stores and public property in his wake.

General officers in the Confederate States Army
The general officers of the Confederate States Army (CSA) were the senior military leaders of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. They were often former officers from the United States Army (the regular army) before the Civil War, while others were given the rank based on merit or when necessity demanded. Most Confederate generals needed confirmation from the Confederate States Congress, much like prospective generals in the modern U.S. armed forces.

Like all of the Confederacy's military forces, these generals answered to their civilian leadership, in particular Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America and therefore commander-in-chief of the military forces of the Confederate States.
Aname baileyorum
Aname baileyorum is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Anamidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2020 by Mark Castalanelli, Volker Framenau, Joel Huey, Mia Hillyer and Mark Harvey.

Anamidae
Anamidae is a family of Australian mygalomorph spiders. It was first described as a tribe by Simon in 1889, then raised to the subfamily Anaminae of the family Nemesiidae, before being raised to a family level by Opatova et al. in 2020.
Burton Hall
Burton Hall is in the small village of Burton, 2 miles (3 km) to the southeast of the larger village of Tarvin, Cheshire, England.  It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.

The house dates from the early 17th century, and was built by John Werden. There have been some small 19th-century additions. It is built in brick with buff sandstone dressings, it has a Welsh slate roof, and four stone-capped brick chimneys. Its plan is square and the house has three storeys over a basement, with a symmetrical three-bay front.  The entrance is approached by ten stone steps. The garden walls and gateway are separately listed at Grade II.

The Rowton family purchased the building, which had fallen into considerable disrepair throughout the late 20th century, in 2006 and carried out an extensive restoration programme. In 2018, they advertised a raffle in which participants could buy tickets for £5 and have the chance of winning the house.

Tarvin
Tarvin is a village in the unitary authority of Cheshire West and Chester and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. It had a population of 2,693 people at the 2001 UK census, rising to 2,728 at the 2011 census, and the ward covers about 17 square miles (44 km2).
Lise Cabble
Lise Cabble (born 10 January 1958, in Amager) is a Danish singer and songwriter. Cabble has written more than ten songs for Dansk Melodi Grand Prix and Eurovision Song Contest performers. Notable songs include the 1995 Danish song Fra Mols til Skagen (co-written with Mette Mathiesen and performed by Aud Wilken) and the winner of the Eurovision Song Contest 2013, Only Teardrops (co-written with Julia Fabrin Jakobsen and Thomas Stengaard and performed by Emmelie de Forest).

From the early 1980s to the late 1990s, Cabble was the lead singer in the all female rock bands Clinic Q and then Miss B. Haven.

Dansk Melodi Grand Prix
Dansk Melodi Grand Prix (pronounced [ˈtænˀsk me̝loˈti kʁɑn ˌpʰʁi]), also known as Melodi Grand Prix or simply DMGP, is an annual music competition organised by the Danish public broadcaster DR since 1957, which determines its entry for the Eurovision Song Contest. The festival has produced three Eurovision winners and fourteen top-five placings.
Paterson Silk Weavers
The Paterson Silk Weavers were a minor league baseball team based in Paterson, New Jersey. From 1896 to 1899, Paterson played exclusively as members of the Atlantic League, winning the 1896 league championship amidst controversy. Baseball Hall of Fame charter member Honus Wagner played for the 1896 and 1897 Paterson Silk Weavers, before making his major league debut in 1897. Fellow Hall of Fame member Ed Barrow was Wagner's manager in 1896, after scouting him and signing him to the team. Barrow managed the Paterson team again in 1899.

Louisville Colonels
The Louisville Colonels were a Major League Baseball team that played in the American Association (AA) throughout that league's ten-year existence from 1882 until 1891. They were known as the Louisville Eclipse from 1882 to 1884, and as the Louisville Colonels from 1885 to 1891; the latter name derived from the historic title of the Kentucky Colonel. After the AA folded in 1891, the Colonels joined the National League and played through the 1899 season.

"Colonels" was also the name of several minor league baseball teams that played in Louisville, Kentucky, in the 20th century.
Challenger Mountains
The Challenger Mountains are a mountain range on Ellesmere Island in Nunavut, Canada. The range is the most northern range in the world and of the Arctic Cordillera. The highest mountain in the range is Commonwealth Mountain 2,225 m (7,300 ft). The United States Range is immediately to the east of the Challenger Mountains.

The range lies within Quttinirpaaq National Park, the second most northerly park in the world after Northeast Greenland National Park in Greenland.

Low elevation lakes located along Taconite Inlet are part of the Challenger Mountains and local relief exceeds 1,250 m (4,101 ft).

Northeast Greenland National Park
Northeast Greenland National Park (Greenlandic: Kalaallit Nunaanni nuna eqqissisimatitaq, Danish: Grønlands Nationalpark) is the world's largest national park and the 10th largest protected area (the only larger protected areas consist mostly of sea). Established in 1974, the Northeast Greenland national park expanded to its present size in 1988. It protects 972,000 km2 (375,000 mi2) of the interior and northeastern coast of Greenland and is larger than the area of Tanzania, but smaller than that of Egypt. This means that the national park is bigger than 166 of the world's 195 countries. It was the first national park to be created in the Kingdom of Denmark and remains Greenland's only national park. It is the northernmost national park in the world and the second-largest by area of any second-level subdivision of any country in the world, trailing only the Qikiqtaaluk Region in Nunavut, Canada.
Cephonodes trochilus
Cephonodes trochilus is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is often found in Mauritius.

The wingspan is 38–41 mm. It is very similar to Cephonodes tamsi, but distinguishable by the brownish rather than reddish upperside of the abdomen. The upperside of the head, thorax and wing bases are unicolorous green. The abdomen is uniformly brownish. The underside of the thorax and abdomen are uniform orange-yellow, the anal tuft yellow and the tip orange-brown, laterally partly black.

The larvae feed on Rubia and Galium species.

Galium
Galium is a large genus of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the family Rubiaceae, occurring in the temperate zones of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Some species are informally known as bedstraw.

Over 600 species of Galium are described, with estimates of 629 to 650 as of 2013. The field madder, Sherardia arvensis, is a close relative and may be confused with a tiny bedstraw. Asperula is also a closely related genus; some species of Galium (such as woodruff, G. odoratum) are occasionally placed therein.
Sakurada
Sakurada (written: 桜田, 櫻田 or 樱田 lit. "cherry blossom field") is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dori Sakurada (桜田 通, born 1991), Japanese actor and singer

Junko Sakurada (桜田 淳子, born 1958), Japanese singer and actress

Kazuki Sakurada (櫻田 和樹, born 1982), Japanese footballer

Kazuo Sakurada (桜田 一男, 1948–2020), Japanese professional wrestler

Makoto Sakurada (櫻田 亮, born 1968), Japanese opera singer

Sakurada Sadakuni, Japanese samurai

Shimpei Sakurada (樱田 真平, born 1984), Japanese footballer

Takeshi Sakurada (桜田 武, 1891–1943), Japanese general

Yoshitaka Sakurada (桜田 義孝, born 1949), Japanese politician

Yoshitaka Sakurada
Yoshitaka Sakurada (桜田 義孝, Sakurada Yoshitaka; born 20 December 1949) is a former Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party who served as a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan. He formerly served as Minister of State for the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games in the Fourth Abe Cabinet.
Chroma Squad
Chroma Squad is a tactical role-playing video game developed by the Brazilian development team at Behold Studios. The game is influenced by tokusatsu TV shows, particularly the Super Sentai and Power Rangers franchises. The game's development was funded via Kickstarter.

The game was released on April 30, 2015, for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X and Linux. Digital distribution is available through Steam and GOG.com. Chroma Squad was released in early 2017 for PlayStation 4, Xbox One, iOS and Android  mobile devices, being published by Bandai Namco Entertainment. A PlayStation Vita version was planned, however was ultimately cancelled. It was announced to be released on May 19, 2017, on PSN for PlayStation 4. It was also released for Nintendo Switch on Aug 1, 2019.

GOG.com
GOG.com (formerly Good Old Games) is a digital distribution platform for video games and films. It is operated by GOG sp. z o.o., which was a wholly owned subsidiary of CD Projekt until December 2025, based in Warsaw, Poland. CD Projekt sold GOG to co-founder Michał Kiciński in December 2025.

GOG.com delivers DRM-free video games through its digital platform for Microsoft Windows, macOS and Linux.
Rubus moluccanus
Rubus moluccanus, the Molucca bramble or broad-leaf bramble, is a scrambling shrub or climber, native to moist eucalyptus forest and rainforest of eastern Australia, distributed from Queensland to Victoria, and to the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Malesia, Papuasia, New Caledonia, Vanuatu and the Caroline Islands. Molucca bramble leaves are simple with 3–5 lobes, 2–15 cm long, and 3–10 cm wide, and the lower surface is tomentose. Flowers are pinkish red or white. Its red fruit are 1.2 cm wide.

Malesia
Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the Equator and the boundaries of the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. It is a phytogeographical floristic region in the Paleotropical kingdom. It was first recognized as a distinct region in 1857 by Heinrich Zollinger, a Swiss botanist and explorer. The precise boundaries used to define Malesia vary. The broadly defined area used in Flora Malesiana consists of the countries of Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, the Philippines, Timor-Leste and Papua New Guinea. The original definition by the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) covered a similar area, but New Guinea and some offshore islands were split off as Papuasia in its 2001 version.
Umpqua Valley Christian School
Umpqua Valley Christian School is a private Christian school located in Roseburg, Oregon, United States supporting the education of grades K-12 on a single campus. 
The school has been a member of the Association of Christian Schools International since 2003, and was accredited by Northwest Accreditation Commission in 2004 and again by AdvancED after merging with NWAC in 2012.

Association of Christian Schools International
The Association of Christian Schools International (ACSI), founded in 1978, is an international organization of evangelical Christian schools. Its headquarters are in Colorado Springs, Colorado. It offers tiers of oversight, from school accreditation to teacher certificates. Schools and even homeschoolers can also join as members. It is regarded as the largest Protestant educational organization in the world, serving over 5.5 million students globally.
Aoba Fujino
Aoba Fujino (藤野 あおば, Fujino Aoba; IPA: [ɸɯʑino aꜜoba]; born 27 January 2004) is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Women's Super League club Manchester City and the Japan national team.

Empress's Cup
The Empress's Cup All-Japan Women's Soccer Championship Tournament (皇后杯全日本女子サッカー選手権大会, Kōgōhai Zen Nippon Joshi Sakkaa Senshuken Taikai), since 2018 renamed "Empress's Cup JFA Japan Women's Football Championship" (Japanese: 皇后杯 JFA 全日本女子サッカー選手権大会) or The JFA Empress's Cup (from 2024 onwards), is a Japanese Women's football competition. As an elimination tournament, it can be considered the female counterpart to the men's Emperor's Cup in Japan. The name "Empress's Cup" has been used since the 2012 season as the Empress's Cup trophy was founded in that year.

From 2004 to 2011 season (New Year's Day of 2005 to 2012), the final was played on New Year's Day at the National Olympic Stadium in Tokyo before the Emperor's Cup final, and was regarded as the traditional closing match of the season. Since 2012, the final has been played separately from the Emperor's Cup final.
36th General Assembly of Prince Edward Island
The 36th General Assembly of Prince Edward Island was in session from February 2, 1908, to December 5, 1911. The Liberal Party led by Francis Haszard formed the government. After Haszard accepted an appointment to the province's Supreme Court, Herbert James Palmer became Liberal party leader and Premier in May 1911; when he ran for reelection on November 15, 1911, he was defeated and the Liberals lost their majority, forcing an election.

There were three sessions of the 36th General Assembly:

Matthew Smith was elected speaker.

Prince Edward Island Liberal Party
The Prince Edward Island Liberal Party, officially the Prince Edward Island Liberal Association, is a political party in the province of Prince Edward Island, Canada.  It is one of the three parties currently represented in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island, and along with its primary rival the Progressive Conservative Party of PEI, one of only two parties with continual presence in the provincial legislature since confederation.

The PEI Liberals has formed the government of Prince Edward Island for 90 of the approximately 160 years since PEI became a province of Canada.
USS Ross (DDG-71)
USS Ross (DDG-71) is an Arleigh Burke-class (Flight I) Aegis guided missile destroyer in the United States Navy and is the last of the Flight I variant. She is the second Navy ship to be named Ross, the first Navy ship named for Medal of Honor recipient Donald K. Ross. The first Ross, DD-563, was named for David Ross, a captain in the Continental Navy.

Aegis Combat System
The Aegis Combat System is an American integrated naval weapons system, which uses computers and radars to track and guide weapons to destroy enemy targets. It was developed by the Missile and Surface Radar Division of RCA, and it is now produced by Lockheed Martin.

Initially used by the United States Navy, Aegis is now used also by the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, Spanish Navy, Royal Norwegian Navy, Republic of Korea Navy, and Royal Australian Navy, and is planned for use by the Royal Canadian Navy. As of 2022, a total of 110 Aegis-equipped ships have been deployed, and 71 more are planned (see operators).

Aegis BMD (Ballistic Missile Defense) capabilities are being developed as part of the NATO missile defense system.
Amalsad
Amalsad (Gujarati: અમલસાડ Amalsāḍ) is a Village in Gujarat, India. It is located in the Gandevi sub-district of Navsari. It is a prominent rail junction on the Mumbai-Vadodara line of the Western Railway (India). The three closest localities to Amalsad are Gandevi, Kachholi, and Billimora. It is famous as the center of Sapodilla trade and exports in the local area of Gujarat, where 5 to 6 tons of Sapodilla get sold in a day during the season. It is also the birthplace of famous Gujarati artist Kalaguru Shri Jashubhai Naik.

Manilkara zapota
Manilkara zapota, commonly known as sapodilla (Spanish: [ˌsapoˈðiʝa]), sapote, chicozapote, chico, chicoo, chicle, naseberry, nispero, or
soapapple, among other names,: 515  is an evergreen tree native to southern Mexico and Central America. An example natural occurrence is in coastal Yucatán, in the Petenes mangroves ecoregion, where it is a subdominant plant species. It was introduced to the Philippines during Spanish colonization. It is grown in large quantities in Mexico and in tropical Asia, including India, Pakistan, Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Bangladesh, as well as in the Caribbean.
Paul J. Gannon
Paul J. Gannon (born May 21, 1960) is a former member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives. He is a South Boston Democrat who represented the 4th Suffolk district from 1991 to 1995. He is an attorney who graduated from Providence College and The Catholic University of America's Columbus School of Law.

Columbus School of Law
The Catholic University of America Columbus School of Law is the law school of the Catholic University of America, a private Roman Catholic research university in Washington, D.C., United States.

More than 370 Juris Doctor students attend the school. Incoming classes are typically composed of about 125 students, including day and evening programs. Around 1,250 students apply annually. According to Columbus School of Law's ABA-required disclosures, 72.5% of 2023 graduates obtained full-time, long-term employment requiring bar passage (i.e., as attorneys) within ten months after graduation.
Singer season 6
Singer 2018 is the sixth season of the Chinese television series Singer, a rebranded version of I Am a Singer that aired on Hunan Television. It is produced by Hong Tao, and its music director is Hong Kong senior musician Kubert Leung. The first episode was recorded in the Hunan Broadcasting System Radio and Television Center, Changsha, Hunan on December 28, 2017 and premiered on January 12, 2018 and ended on April 20, 2018. For the first time this series, YouTube provided English captions for the show.

On April 13, 2018, British singer Jessie J was declared winner of Singer 2018, and was the first non-Chinese and foreign singer to win I Am a Singer. Chinese singers Hua Chenyu and Wang Feng were placed second and third, respectively.

Henry Huo
Henry Huo (Chinese: 霍尊; pinyin: Huò Zūn; born 18 September 1990) is a Chinese singer-songwriter and actor.

He gained fame by placing in the top three in singing competition Asian Wave 《声动亚洲》 He became popular nationwide by winning the first season of Sing My Song (中国好歌曲 第一季), a competition for songwriters to sing their own compositions. His original 'Rolled-up Pearl Curtain' (Juán Zhū Lián) drew praise from both judges and audience alike. The song was awarded Song of the Year. 13 days after his win, Henry was asked to perform in the CCTV Chinese New Year Eve Gala, which was broadcast worldwide, thus cementing his position as China's newest composing prodigy. Meanwhile, Henry claimed the main prize in the Tianjin Satellite Channel Drama Contest Season 1 (《国色天香》第一季) by playing a dan (男旦) in the Peking Opera. He was awarded the title '2014 Drama King'.
Eoeugnathus
Eoeugnathus (Greek for "dawn true-jaw") is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine ray-finned fish belonging to the Halecomorphi. Eoeugnathus existed during the Middle Triassic in what is now Europe.

It contains two species:

E. bellottii (Rueppel, 1857) - Ladinian of Italy and Switzerland (Meride Formation, Perledo-Varenna Formation) (=Allolepidotus bellottii Rueppel, 1857)

E. megalepis Brough, 1939 (type species) - latest Anisian to late Ladinian of Italy (Besano Formation), Switzerland (Prosanto Formation), and Spain (Muschelkalk)

It was initially placed in the Caturidae and then the Panxianichthyiformes, but more recent studies have placed it in the new ionoscopiform family Subortichthyidae.

Besano Formation
The Besano Formation is a geological formation in the southern Alps of northwestern Italy and southern Switzerland. This formation, a thin but fossiliferous succession of dolomite and black shale, is famous for its preservation of Middle Triassic (Anisian–Ladinian) marine life including fish and aquatic reptiles. It is exposed in the Monte San Giorgio and Besano area. It is among the formations responsible for the area being designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In Switzerland, it is also known as the Grenzbitumenzone. The Anisian-Ladinian boundary lies in the upper part of the Besano Formation.
Life and Debt
Life and Debt is a 2001 American documentary film directed by Stephanie Black. It examines the economic and social situation in Jamaica after globalization, and specifically how the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank's structural adjustment policies have impacted the island.

Michael Manley
Michael Norman Manley ON OM OCC PC (10 December 1924 – 6 March 1997) was a Jamaican politician, trade unionist and journalist who served as the fourth Prime Minister of Jamaica, from 1972 to 1980, and from 1989 to 1992. Manley championed a democratic socialist programme, and has been described as a populist, although many in the country feared he would turn Jamaica into a communist state. He remains one of Jamaica's most popular prime ministers.