hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Katharipuram
Katharipulam is a village in south India, under the administration of the Vedaranyam taluk, and located in the Nagapattinam District in the state of Tamil Nadu.  The local language is Tamil.  The village population is about 7292, and the village occupies an area of around 25 km2 (10 sq mi). It is about 10 km (6 mi) north west of Vedaranyam and about 35 km (22 mi) south of Velankanni Town, a famous Christian holy place. The postal index number (PIN) is 614808.

According to the 2011 census it has a population of 7292 living in 2113 households. The main agricultural product is coconut growing.

Nagapattinam district
Nagapattinam district is one of the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu state in southern India. Nagapattinam district was carved out by bifurcating the erstwhile composite Thanjavur district on 19 October 1991. The town of Nagapattinam is the district headquarters.

Until Mayiladuthurai district was created out of it on 24 March 2020, Nagapattinam was the only discontiguous district in Tamil Nadu.
Swimming at the 1979 Pan American Games – Women's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay
The women's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay competition of the swimming events at the 1979 Pan American Games took place on 7 July at the Piscina Olimpica Del Escambron. The last Pan American Games champion was the United States.

This race consisted of eight lengths of the pool. Each of the four swimmers completed two lengths of the pool. The first swimmer had to touch the wall before the second could leave the starting block.

1979 Pan American Games
The 1979 Pan American Games, officially the VIII Pan American Games (Spanish: VIII Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as San Juan 1979, were a multi-sport event governed by the Panam Sports Organization (PASO), and were held in San Juan, Puerto Rico, from July 1 to  July 15, 1979. Volleyball and some baseball matches were held in Caguas, Puerto Rico. The 1980 documentary film A Step Away showcased a number of athletes competing in the Games.
Barnabe (artist)
Pierre-Emmanuel Rome, professionally known as Barnabe or Barnabé, is a French painter based in France. He works in fine arts media and is known for paintings that border on pop art, hard-edge painting, and also surrealism.

Hard-edge painting
Hard-edge painting (also referred to as hard edge or hard-edged) is painting in which abrupt transitions are found between color areas. Color areas often consist of one unvarying color. The style is related to geometric abstraction, op art, post-painterly abstraction, and color field.
Taylor baronets of Hollycombe (1828)
The Taylor baronetcy, of Hollycombe in the County of Sussex, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 21 January 1828 for Charles Taylor, for many years Member of Parliament for Wells. His father was Peter Taylor MP. The title became extinct on the death of the 2nd Baronet in 1876.

Wells (UK Parliament constituency)
Wells was a constituency in Somerset in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. Apart from between 2010–2015, Wells was represented by members of the Conservative Party since 1924.

Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was abolished, with most of it being transferred to the new constituency of Wells and Mendip Hills, to be first contested at the 2024 general election.
Giant Palouse earthworm
The giant Palouse earthworm or Washington giant earthworm (Driloleirus americanus, meaning lily-like worm) is a species of earthworm belonging to the genus Driloleirus inhabiting the Palouse region of Eastern Washington and North Idaho, in the United States.  The worm was discovered in 1897 by Frank Smith near Pullman, Washington. It can burrow to a depth of 15 feet (4.6 m).

Although it had been thought to be extinct in the 1980s, recent evidence has demonstrated that the species is still living. The latest sighting included recovery of two specimens, an adult and a juvenile, which were unearthed on March 27, 2010 by scientists at the University of Idaho including Samuel James.

Pullman, Washington
Pullman is the most populous city in Whitman County, located in southeastern Washington within the Palouse region of the Pacific Northwest. The population was 32,901 at the 2020 census, and estimated to be 33,543 in 2024. Originally founded as Three Forks, the city was renamed after industrialist George Pullman in 1881.

Pullman is noted as a fertile agricultural area known for its many miles of rolling hills and the production of wheat and legumes. It is home to Washington State University, a public research land-grant university, and the international headquarters of Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories. Pullman is eight miles (13 km) from Moscow, Idaho, home to the University of Idaho, and is served by the Pullman–Moscow Regional Airport.
Philadelphia Grand Opera Company
The Philadelphia Grand Opera Company was the name of four different American opera companies active at the Academy of Music in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, during the 20th century. The last and best known of the four was founded in November 1954 with the merger of the Philadelphia Civic Grand Opera Company and the Philadelphia La Scala Opera Company. That company in turn merged with the Philadelphia Lyric Opera Company in 1975 to form the Opera Company of Philadelphia. Of the three earlier companies, only one lasted beyond one season; a company founded in 1926 which later became associated with the Curtis Institute of Music in 1929. That company closed its doors in 1932 due to financial reasons during the Great Depression.

Aida
Aida (or Aïda, Italian: [aˈiːda]) is a tragic opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Antonio Ghislanzoni. Set in the Old Kingdom of Egypt, it was commissioned by Cairo's Khedivial Opera House and had its première there on 24 December 1871, in a performance conducted by Giovanni Bottesini. Today the work holds a central place in the operatic canon, receiving performances every year around the world. At New York's Metropolitan Opera alone, Aida has been sung more than 1,100 times since 1886. Ghislanzoni's scheme follows a scenario often attributed to the French Egyptologist Auguste Mariette, but Verdi biographer Mary Jane Phillips-Matz argues that the source is actually Temistocle Solera.
2012 Brussels Open – Doubles
Andrea Hlaváčková and Galina Voskoboeva were the defending champions but decided not to participate.
Bethanie Mattek-Sands and Sania Mirza won the title defeating Alicja Rosolska and Zheng Jie 6–3, 6–2 in the final.

Galina Voskoboeva
Galina Olegovna Voskoboeva (Russian: Галина Олеговна Воскобоева; born 18 December 1984) is a Russian-born Kazakhstani tennis player. She reached career-high rankings of world No. 42 in singles and No. 26 in doubles. She won five doubles titles on the WTA Tour, as well as one doubles title on the WTA Challenger Tour. She also won three singles titles (in Mont-de-Marsan in 2003, Cuneo in 2006, and Casablanca in 2011) and 13 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.
Doc Edgerton
Harold Eugene "Doc" Edgerton (April 6, 1903 – January 4, 1990), also known as Papa Flash, was an American scientist and researcher, a professor of electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is largely credited with transforming the stroboscope from an obscure laboratory instrument into a common device.  He also was deeply involved with the development of sonar and deep-sea photography, and his equipment was used in collaboration with Jacques Cousteau in searches for shipwrecks and even the Loch Ness Monster.

Franklin Institute
The Franklin Institute is a science museum and a center of science education and research in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is named after the American scientist and statesman Benjamin Franklin. It houses the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial. Founded in 1824, the Franklin Institute is one of the oldest centers of science education and development in the United States. Its chief astronomer is Derrick Pitts.
Grant Patterson
Grant Patterson (born 19 May 1989) is an Australian Paralympic swimmer. At the 2020 Tokyo Paralympics, his second games, he won a silver and bronze medal.  At the 2024 Paris Paralympics, he won two bronze medals.

Swimming Australia
Swimming Australia is the peak governing body for competitive swimming in Australia. The body has approximately 100,000 registered members nationally in 1100 clubs across the country, which includes swimmers, coaches, officials, administrators and volunteers. The body oversees the management and development of the sport from the national team at the elite level, the conduct of national and international events, through to grass roots participation.

In 1985, the organisation had approximately 90,000 registered members.
Gymnemic acid
Gymnemic acids are a class of chemical compounds isolated from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre (Apocynaceae).  They are anti-sweet compounds, or sweetness inhibitors. After chewing the leaves, solutions sweetened with sugar taste like water.

Chemically, gymnemic acids are triterpenoid glycosides.  The central structure is the aglycone gymnemagenin (C30H50O6). This is adorned with a sugar such as glucuronic acid and with various ester groups.  These variations give rise to the different gymnemic acids.  More than 20 homologs of gymnemic acid are known.

Gymnemic acid I has the highest anti-sweet properties.  It suppresses the sweetness of most of the sweeteners including intense artificial sweeteners such as aspartame and natural sweeteners such as thaumatin, a sweet protein. The anti-sweet activity is reversible, but sweetness recovery on the tongue can take more than 10 minutes.

Aspartame
Aspartame is an artificial, non-saccharide sweetener commonly used as a sugar substitute in foods and beverages. It is 200 times sweeter than sucrose, and is a methyl ester of the aspartic acid/phenylalanine dipeptide with brand names NutraSweet, Equal, and Canderel. Discovered in 1965, aspartame was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1974 and re-approved in 1981 after its initial approval was briefly revoked.

Aspartame is one of the most studied food additives in the human food supply. Reviews by over 100 governmental regulatory bodies found the ingredient safe for consumption at the normal acceptable daily intake limit.
Arrangement
In music, an arrangement is a musical adaptation of an existing composition. Differences from the original composition may include reharmonization, melodic paraphrasing, orchestration, or formal development. Arranging differs from orchestration in that the latter process is limited to the assignment of notes to instruments for performance by an orchestra, concert band, or other musical ensemble. Arranging "involves adding compositional techniques, such as new thematic material for introductions, transitions, or modulations, and endings. Arranging is the art of giving an existing melody musical variety". In jazz, a memorized (unwritten) arrangement of a new or pre-existing composition is known as a head arrangement.

Transition (music)
A transition is a passage of music composed to link one section of music to another. Transitions often function as a moment of transformation and may, or may not in themselves, introduce new, musical material.

Often in music, the transition is the middle section or formal function, while the main theme is the beginning, and the subordinate theme is the ending. It may traditionally be a part of the sonata form's exposition in which the composer modulates from the key of the first subject to the key of the second, though many Classical era works move straight from first to second subject groups without any transition.

For example, transition may be defined as different from a subordinate theme (rondo form) or a developmental core.

In sonata form, a retransition (the transition to the recapitulation) is the last part of the development section which prepares for the return of the first subject group in the tonic, most often through a grand prolongation of the dominant seventh.
Hot30 Countdown
The Hot30 Countdown  was an Australian radio show hosted by Mike Christian (MC) and Mel Greig. It was broadcast on the Today Network from the studios of 2Day FM in Sydney, New South Wales to every state and the Australian Capital Territory following The Dirt. It was cancelled on 10 December 2012, following the death of Jacintha Saldanha, and was replaced by The Bump.

Fox FM (Melbourne)
37°51′40″S 144°59′05″E﻿ / ﻿37.8612°S 144.9848°E﻿ / -37.8612; 144.9848

Fox FM (call sign: 3FOX) is a commercial FM radio station broadcasting in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, on a frequency of 101.9 MHz, and is the flagship station on Southern Cross Austereo's Hit Network. The station's transmitter is shared with the ATV-10 transmitter on top of Mount Dandenong.
Phil Smith (Alabama politician)
Philip Hardy Smith (May 28, 1931 – May 3, 2020) was an American lawyer, businessman and politician.

Smith was born in Talladega, Alabama and went to Talladega High School. He received his bachelor's degree in biology from Sewanee: The University of the South and his master's degree from the University of Rochester in radiation biology. He received his law degree from the University of Alabama and was admitted to the Alabama bar. Smith practiced law in Talladega. Smith served in the Alabama House of Representatives as a Democrat from 1967 to 1974. He chaired the Talladega County Democratic Central Committee from 1978 to 1989 and served as a municipal judge in Talladega County from 1975 to 1988. Smith died in Tallageda, Alabama.

Talladega, Alabama
Talladega (/ˌtæləˈdɪɡə/, also /ˌtæləˈdeɪɡə/) is a city in and the county seat of Talladega County, Alabama, United States. It was incorporated in 1835. At the 2020 census, the population was 15,861. Talladega is approximately 50 miles (80 km) east of one of the state's largest cities, Birmingham.

The city is home to the Alabama Institute for the Deaf and Blind, Talladega Municipal Airport, and Talladega College, a historically black college. The Talladega Superspeedway,  and the International Motorsports Hall of Fame are located nearby. The First National Bank of Talladega (now First Bank of Alabama) is the oldest bank in the State of Alabama, being founded in 1848.
Rooterberg
The Rooterberg (840 m) is a mountain north of the Alps, located between Root and Udligenswil in the canton of Lucerne. The mountain lies north of Lake Lucerne and west of Lake Zug, at the foothills of the Alps.

Lake Lucerne
Lake Lucerne (German: Vierwaldstättersee, literally 'Lake of the four forested settlements' (in English usually translated as forest cantons); French: lac des Quatre-Cantons; Italian: lago dei Quattro Cantoni) is a lake in central Switzerland and the fourth largest in the country.
Augustus Theodore Bartholomew
Augustus Theodore (Theo) Bartholomew (26 August 1882 – 14 March 1933) was a librarian at Cambridge University Library from 1900 until his death in 1933. He maintained friendships with a number of significant individuals, including Siegfried Sassoon, the novelist Forrest Reid and the uranian poet and librarian Charles Sayle. He was an editor, with Henry Festing Jones, of the works of Samuel Butler (published 1923–26) and collected materials for a biography of Frederick Rolfe.

Horatio Brown
Horatio Robert Forbes Brown (16 February 1854 – 19 August 1926) was a Scottish historian who specialized in the history of Venice and Italy.

Born in Nice, he grew up in Midlothian, Scotland, was educated in England at Clifton College and Oxford, and spent most of his life in Venice, publishing several books about the city. He also wrote for the Cambridge Modern History, was the biographer of John Addington Symonds, and was a poet and alpinist.
1961 USAC Championship Car season
The 1961 USAC Championship Car season consisted of 12 races, beginning in Trenton, New Jersey on April 9 and concluding in Phoenix, Arizona on November 19. There was also one non-championship event at Pikes Peak, Colorado.  The USAC National Champion and Indianapolis 500 winner was A. J. Foyt.  The season was marred by the deaths of 1951 and 1958 season champion Tony Bettenhausen at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway and Al Keller at Phoenix.

1958 USAC Championship Car season
The 1958 USAC Championship Car season consisted of 13 races, beginning in Trenton, New Jersey on March 30 and concluding in Phoenix, Arizona on November 11. There were also five non-championship events.  The USAC National Champion was Tony Bettenhausen and the Indianapolis 500 winner was Jimmy Bryan. The victory was Bryan's final victory in IndyCar racing. There were three fatalities during the season.  Pat O'Connor lost his life in a first lap accident during the Indy 500.  Art Bisch died of injuries suffered during the race at Lakewood Speedway.  Jimmy Reece was killed in a late-race incident at the second Trenton 100. Bettenhausen became the first USAC champion without a single race win (and at the time the only one) during the season until Tom Sneva did so 20 years later.
Kientzheim
Kientzheim (French: [kintsajm] ⓘ; German: Kienzheim; Alsatian: Kientza) is a former commune in the Haut-Rhin department in north-eastern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Kaysersberg Vignoble.

Alsatian dialect
Alsatian (Alsatian: Elsässisch or Elsässerditsch "Alsatian German"; Lorraine Franconian: Elsässerdeitsch; French: Alsacien; German: Elsässisch or Elsässerdeutsch) is the group of Alemannic German and Franconian dialects spoken in most of Alsace, a formerly disputed region in eastern France that has passed between French and German control five times since 1681.
SF (Australian TV channel)
SF (formerly Sci Fi Channel) was an Australian subscription channel that aired science fiction, fantasy and related programs. It was available on Foxtel, Austar and Optus Television subscription platforms.

In 2012, the channel rebranded from Sci Fi to SF. The channel used a world-exclusive version of the "Syfy" branding, SF being a joint venture between NBCUniversal (the owners of the Syfy brand), Sony Pictures Television and CBS Studios International.

On 31 December 2013, SF ceased broadcasting and closed, being replaced by an Australian version of Syfy in 2014.

Aspect ratio (image)
The aspect ratio of an image is the ratio of its width to its height. It is expressed as two numbers separated by a colon, in the format width:height. Common aspect ratios are 1.85:1 and 2.39:1 in cinematography, 4:3 (originally) and 16:9 in television, and 3:2 in still photography. The 1:1 aspect ratio is used for square images, often seen on social media platforms like Instagram, and 21:9 is an "ultrawide" aspect ratio popular for gaming and desktop monitors.
Kärntner Liga
The Kärntner Liga is the fourth highest division in Austrian football for clubs in the area of the province of Carinthia and the East Tyrol region, that belong to the Carinthian Football Association (German: Kärntner Fussballverband, KFV). Below the Kärntner Liga are the Unterliga West and Unterliga Ost.

Carinthia
Carinthia (German: Kärnten [ˈkɛʁntn̩] ⓘ; Slovene: Koroška [kɔˈɾóːʃka] ⓘ or avstrijska Koroška; Italian: Carinzia [kaˈrintsja]) is the southernmost and least densely populated Austrian state, in the Eastern Alps, and is noted for its mountains and lakes. The Lake Wolayer is a mountain lake on the Carinthian side of the Carnic Main Ridge, near the Plöcken Pass. The main language is Austrian German, with its non-standard dialects belonging to the Southern Bavarian group; Carinthian Slovene dialects, forms of a South Slavic language that predominated in the southeastern part of the region up to the first half of the 20th century, are now spoken by a small minority in the area.

Carinthia's main industries are tourism, electronics, engineering, forestry, and agriculture.
Jenny Vetter
Jennifer Vetter (born October 17, 1999) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a striker or midfielder for Kansallinen Liiga club Åland United. She played college soccer for the Minnesota State Mavericks before starting her professional career with Portuguese club Racing Power FC and USL Super League club Spokane Zephyr FC.

Kansallinen Liiga
The Kansallinen Liiga ('National League') is the premier division of women's football in Finland. It was previously called the Jalkapallon naisten SM-sarja ('Women's Football Finnish Championship Series') during 1974 to 2006 and the Naisten Liiga (Swedish: Damligan, 'Women's League') during 2006 to 2019, The first season under the name Kansallinen Liiga was played in 2020.
Lincoln Constance
Lincoln Constance (February 16, 1909 – June 11, 2001) was an American botanist and administrator at the University of California, Berkeley. Constance worked with Marion S. Cave for over twenty years to identify how many chromosomes different members of Hydrophyllaceae had.  An expert on the parsley family, he was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the California Academy of Sciences, and served as president of the American Society of Plant Taxonomists, the California Botanical Society and the Botanical Society of America.

The standard author abbreviation Constance is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

Hydrophyllaceae
Hydrophyllaceae is a family in the flowering plant order Boraginales. Its taxonomic position has varied; it has also been treated as the subfamily Hydrophylloideae of the family Boraginaceae sensu lato.
Florida A&M University
Florida A&M University (FAMU), is a public historically black land-grant university in Tallahassee, Florida, United States. Founded in 1887, it is the third-largest historically black university in the US by enrollment and the only public historically black university in Florida. It is a member of the State University System of Florida and is accredited to award baccalaureate, master's, and doctoral degrees by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

Florida A&M sports teams are known as the Rattlers, and compete in Division I of the NCAA.  They are a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC).

Congress of Racial Equality
The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States that played a pivotal role for African Americans in the civil rights movement. Founded in 1942, its stated mission is "to bring about equality for all people regardless of race, creed, sex, age, disability, sexual orientation, religion or ethnic background." To combat discriminatory policies regarding interstate travel, CORE participated in Freedom Rides as college students boarded Greyhound Buses headed for the Deep South. As the influence of the organization grew, so did the number of chapters, eventually expanding all over the country. Under the leadership of Roy Innis from 1968 to his death in 2006, the group moved to the political right and markedly declined in prominence.
John Pattison (priest)
Christianity portal

John Pattison (1851-1918) was an Anlgican priest. He served as the Dean of Ardfert from 1916 to 1918.

Pattison was educated at Trinity College, Dublin and  ordained in 1884. He began his ecclesiastical career with a curacy at Kiltallagh. He was Rector  of Kilcolman from 1886 to 1892; and then of Listowel until his death. He was Precentor of Ardfert Cathedral from  1905 to 1916.

He died on 15 August 1918.

Ardfert Cathedral
The Ardfert Cathedral (Irish: Ardeaglais Ard Fhearta) is a ruined cathedral in Ardfert, County Kerry, Ireland. Dedicated to Saint Brendan, it was the seat of the Diocese of Ardfert from 1117. It is now a heritage tourism site.