hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stroud News & Journal
The Stroud News & Journal is a weekly paid-for newspaper based in Stroud, Gloucestershire. It is published every Wednesday in a tabloid format by Newsquest and covers a large portion of the Stroud district, including the towns of Stroud, Minchinhampton, Nailsworth, Stonehouse, Painswick and Chalford, and their surrounding villages.

Painswick
Painswick is a town and civil parish in the Stroud District in Gloucestershire, England. Originally the town grew from the wool trade, but it is now best known for its parish church's yew trees and the local Painswick Rococo Garden. The village is mainly constructed of locally quarried Cotswold stone. Many of the buildings feature south-facing attic rooms once used as weavers' workshops.

Painswick stands on a hill overlooking one of the Five Valleys, on the B4073 route between Stroud, 4 miles (6.5 km) to the south, and the city of  Gloucester, 7.5 miles (12 km) to the north. It has narrow streets and traditional architecture.

It has a cricket and rugby team and there is a golf course on the outskirts of the town. Painswick Beacon is in the nearby hills.

Painswick won the title "Gloucestershire Village of the Year" in 2025.
Lomatium roseanum
Lomatium roseanum, adobe parsley, also known as adobe lomatium and rose-flowered desert-parsley, is a very rare plant of the Western U.S., known only from northwestern Nevada and southeastern Oregon, and which may also occur in northeastern California.  The largest populations occur on the Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge.  It is a member of the celery family, the Umbelliferae, and has yellow flowers.

Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge
The Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge is a 573,504-acre (232,089 ha) national wildlife refuge on the northern border of the U.S. state of Nevada. A very small part extends northward into Oregon. It is managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) as the Nevada component of the Sheldon-Hart Mountain National Wildlife Refuge Complex, which is headquartered in Lakeview, Oregon. The Sheldon Refuge was noted for its population of wild horses, now all removed.
Joe Trainer
Joe Trainer (born March 6, 1968) is an American former football coach and athletics administrator. He served as head football coach at Millersville University of Pennsylvania from 2005 to 2007 and the University of Rhode Island from 2009 to 2013, compiling a career college football head coaching record of 25–64. Trainer was the defensive coordinator for Villanova University from 2014 to 2018.

Trainer is a native of Roslyn, Pennsylvania. He joined Pope John Paul II High School in Royersford, Pennsylvania as their athletic director before stepping down in 2022. After being the athletic director for four years he stepped down to become a school counselor at La Salle College High School in Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania.

Millersville University
Millersville University of Pennsylvania, commonly known as Millersville University (MU) or The Ville, is a public university in Millersville, Pennsylvania.  It is one of the ten schools that comprise the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education (PASSHE). Founded in 1855 as the first Normal School in Pennsylvania, Millersville is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools and the Pennsylvania Department of Education.

First established in 1854 as the Millersville Academy out of the since-demolished Old Main, the academy specialized in a series of workshop-style teacher institutes in response to the 1834 Free School Act of Pennsylvania.
Richard M. Webster
Richard M. Webster (April 29, 1922 – March 4, 1990) was an American politician from Missouri.  He attended the University of Missouri and worked as an attorney in Carthage, Missouri. He was elected to the Missouri House of Representatives, in 1948, 1950, and 1953 (special election). He served as Speaker of the House in 1954. He was elected to the Missouri State Senate in 1962 and was re-elected 6 times. He served in the Missouri Senate until his death in 1990.

Webster was married to the former Janet Poston Whitehead for 42 years. Their son, William L. Webster served as Missouri Attorney General. Their oldest son, Richard M. Webster, Jr. continues to live in Carthage, Missouri and served as the Jasper County Auditor.

Missouri Senate
The Missouri Senate is the upper chamber of the Missouri General Assembly, the lower chamber being the Missouri House of Representatives. It has 34 members, representing districts with an average population of 181,000. Its members serve four-year terms, with half the seats being up for election every two years. The Senate chooses a President Pro Tempore to serve in the absence of the lieutenant governor or when he shall have to exercise the office of governor of Missouri if there is a vacancy in that office due to death, resignation, impeachment, or incapacitation.

Members of the Missouri General Assembly are prohibited from serving more than eight years in either the state house of representatives or state senate, or a total of sixteen years, due to statutory term limits.
Emil Ritterling
Emil Ritterling (20 December 1861, in Leipzig – 7 February 1928, in Wiesbaden) was a German historian and archaeologist.

He studied classical philology and history at the universities of Bonn and Leipzig, and afterwards worked for several years as a librarian in Berlin (1887–91). In 1892 he relocated to Wiesbaden, where he eventually became a member of the Imperial Limes Commission. In 1899–1911 and 1915–23 he was director of the Nassau Regional Museum of Archaeology in Wiesbaden, and from 1911 to 1914 was head of Roman-Germanic Commission of the German Archaeological Institute in Frankfurt am Main. In 1902 he received the title of professor.

Museum Wiesbaden
The Museum Wiesbaden is a two-branch museum of art and natural history in the Hessian capital of Wiesbaden, Germany. It is one of the five Hessian State museums, in addition to the museums in Kassel, Darmstadt, Saalburg, and Glauberg.
Bilma Kanuri
Bilma Kanuri is a variety of the Kanuri language which is a Nilo-Saharan language belonging to the Saharan branch of the language family. It is spoken in Niger mainly in the Agadez Region by the Bilma Kanuri subgroup, and is named after the town of Bilma. The variety is one of the smaller varieties of Kanuri in terms of the number of speakers.

Like other varieties of Kanuri, Bilma Kanuri is agglutinative, where affixes are added to a root word to convey grammatical relationships and meanings. It typically follows a Subject-Object-Verb word order in basic sentence structures. Bilma Kanuri also exhibits vowel harmony, where vowels within a word harmonize or share certain phonetic features.

Agadez Region
Agadez Region  is one of the seven regions of Niger. At 667,799 square kilometres (257,839 mi2), it covers more than half of Niger's land area, and is the largest region in the country, as well as the largest African state subdivision. The capital of the region is Agadez.
Ron Evans (rugby union)
Ronald Evans (6 November 1941 — March 2023) was a Welsh international rugby union player.

Born in Bridgend, Evans attended Tondu Junior School and Bryncethin Secondary School, where he was a prefect. He was a product of the Bryncethin Youth team and played his early senior rugby with Neath.

Evans, an attacking centre and skilled drop goal exponent, scored 18 tries in his first season with Bridgend in 1961/62. He made three appearances for Wales in the 1963 Five Nations, debuting against Scotland at Murrayfield. A policeman by profession, Evans was rugby captain of Glamorgan County Police and had a 440-point season for the team in 1966/67.

1963 Five Nations Championship
The 1963 Five Nations Championship was the thirty-fourth series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the sixty-ninth series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 12 January and 23 March. It was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. England won their 17th title.

Ireland v England finished 0-0, the first scoreless draw between both teams since 1910. This is also (as of 2025) the last 0-0 draw to have happened in the Five or Six Nations Championship, and the second-last known scoreless draw in international rugby (being followed only by a Scotland/NZ shutout in 1964).
Kristin Yvonne Rozier
Kristin Yvonne Rozier is an American aerospace engineer and computer scientist whose research investigates formal methods including temporal logic and model checking for the formal verification of safety-critical systems, especially those involving air transport, unmanned aerial vehicles, and air traffic control. She is Black & Veatch Associate Professor of Aerospace Engineering, Computer Science, Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Mathematics at Iowa State University, where she heads the Laboratory for Temporal Logic.

Model checking
In computer science, model checking or property checking is a method for checking whether a finite-state model of a system meets a given specification (also known as correctness). This is typically associated with hardware or software systems, where the specification contains liveness requirements (such as avoidance of livelock) as well as safety requirements (such as avoidance of states representing a system crash).

In order to solve such a problem algorithmically, both the model of the system and its specification are formulated in some precise mathematical language. To this end, the problem is formulated as a task in logic, namely to check whether a structure satisfies a given logical formula. This general concept applies to many kinds of logic and many kinds of structures. A simple model-checking problem consists of verifying whether a formula in the propositional logic is satisfied by a given structure.
Azienda Nazionale Idrogenazione Combustibili
Azienda Nazionale Idrogenazione Combustibili (ANIC) was an Italian chemical company, established during the Fascist regime with the objective of obtaining synthetic gasoline by hydrogenation of brown coal. It was set up in 1936 by state-owned Agip and Montecatini as a joint venture. In 1953, it was acquired by Eni.

Synthetic fuel
Synthetic fuel or synfuel is a liquid fuel, or sometimes gaseous fuel, obtained from syngas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, in which the syngas was derived from gasification of solid feedstocks such as coal or biomass or by reforming of natural gas.

Common ways for refining synthetic fuels include the Fischer–Tropsch conversion, methanol to gasoline conversion, or direct coal liquefaction.
Donald Trump and the commemoration of Jerzy Popiełuszko
The president-elect Donald Trump had paid tribute to Jerzy Popiełuszko, a 37-year-old priest who was assassinated by three secret police, including Grzegorz Piotrowski, Waldemar Chmielewski (Polish officer), and Leszek Pękala, regarding the latter's act of fortitude against Security Service and communist regime in Polish People's Republic.

Leszek Pękala
Leszek Pękala (born 30 May 1952 in Złotoryja) is a former officer of the Milicji Obywatelskiej and a former officer (with the rank of lieutenant) in the Security Service of the Polish People's Republic. After the assassination of Father Jerzy Popiełuszko, chaplain of the Warsaw Solidarity movement, he was found guilty of murder by the court, sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment, and demoted to the rank of private.
I-ME-WE
I-ME-WE (India-Middle East-Western Europe) is a 12,091-kilometre (7,513 mi) submarine communications cable system linking Europe and India via the Middle East. At launch, the design capacity was 3.84 Tbit/s, but after upgrades by Mitsubishi Electric in 2016, the new design capacity was rated at 5.6 Tbit/s. The cable entered service in December 2010.

The cable consists of three fiber pairs, one of which is a terrestrial link connecting Alexandria and Suez in Egypt. The contract for construction and maintenance of the cable was awarded to Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Networks (ASN), supported by NEC as subcontractor, at a total cost of US$480 million.

Mitsubishi Electric
Mitsubishi Electric Corporation (三菱電機株式会社, Mitsubishi Denki kabushikigaisha; formerly branded as メルコ, MELCO) is a Japanese multinational electronics (appliances & consumer electronics) and electrical equipment manufacturing company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. The company was established in 1921 as a spin-off from the electrical machinery manufacturing division of Mitsubishi Shipbuilding (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries) at the Kobe Shipyard.

A member of the Mitsubishi Group, Mitsubishi Electric produces elevators and escalators, high-end home appliances, air conditioning, factory automation systems, train systems, electric motors, pumps, semiconductors, digital signage, and satellites.
The Original (album)
The Original is the only studio album from American rapper Sarai. Released in 2003 via Sweat/Epic Records. The first single released to radio was "Pack Ya Bags" in 2002. The official single "Ladies" was released in 2003. The album entered the Billboard 200 chart at No. 187.

Ali Dee Theodore
Ali Theodore, known professionally as Ali Dee Theodore, is an American rapper, composer, songwriter, business owner, and music producer, based in Manhattan, New York City. He is also the founder and owner of the now-closed DeeTown Entertainment and, with partner Dave Jordan, founder of the publishing company Canvas 1 from 2002 to 2012, which was affiliated with BMI.
Philip Wroughton
Philip Wroughton (6 April 1846 – 7 June 1910) was an English landowner and Conservative politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1876 to 1895.

Wroughton was born at Ibstone, Buckinghamshire, the son of Philip Wroughton (1805-1862) of Woolley Park, Berkshire, and his wife Blanche Norris, daughter of John Norris of Hughenden House. His father was High Sheriff of Buckinghamshire in 1857, and left him the manors of Brightwalton, Chaddleworth, and Woolley. Wroughton was educated at Harrow School and Christ Church, Oxford. He was a Deputy Lieutenant and J.P. for Berkshire.

Wroughton was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for  Berkshire in  1876 and held the seat until it was divided under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885. He was then elected MP for the division of Abingdon, and held the seat until 1895.

Abingdon (UK Parliament constituency)
Abingdon was a parliamentary constituency in England, represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of England until 1707, then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1885. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) from 1558 until 1983, making it one of the few English constituencies in the unreformed House of Commons to elect only one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.
Nashaq
Nashaq (Minaean: 𐩬𐩦𐩤 romanized: Nšq; modern day Kharbat Al-Bayda', Arabic: خربة البيضاء) is the name of an ancient South Arabian city in the northern al-Jawf region of present-day Yemen, in the territory of the ancient Kingdom of Ma'in.

Minaean language
The Minaean language (also Minaic, Madhabaic or Madhābic) was an Old South Arabian or Ṣayhadic language spoken in Yemen in the times of the Old South Arabian civilisation. The main area of its use may be located in the Al Jawf region of North-East Yemen, primarily in the Wādī Madhāb. Most of texts in this language were composed by the Minaeans, but the other civil-temple communities of the Wādī Madhāb (Nashshan, Kaminahu, Ḥaram, and Inabba') also used it as a literary medium.
Corticium penicillatum
Corticium penicillatum is a species of fungus in the class Agaricomycetes. It is a corticioid fungus and a plant pathogen, the causal agent of coconut thread blight, a leaf disease of coconut palms. The species was originally described from Papua New Guinea in 1925 and has since been reported from Vanuatu, Fiji, and the Solomon Islands. Corticium penicillatum has never been redescribed or reviewed and is unlikely to be a species of Corticium in the modern sense.

Plant pathology
Plant pathology or phytopathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Plant pathology involves the study of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, plant disease epidemiology, plant disease resistance, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases.
Joseph Vithayathil
Joseph Vithayathil was a priest from India who has been declared as Venerable by the Catholic Church.
He was born in Puthenpally, Varapuzha, Ernakulam District of Kerala State of India to Catholic parents of the Vithayathil family on 23 July 1865. He had two brothers and two sisters.

At the suggestion of his parish priest Fr. Zecharias, he started priestly studies and joined the seminary on 30 May 1881. He was ordained as Priest on 11 March 1894 by Bishop Mar Adolph Medlycott of Thrissur Diocese at the St. Antony's Church, Ollur with 11 others.

Adolph Medlycott
Mar Adolph Medlycott was the first Bishop of the Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Thrissur. He was born at Chittagong on 15 May 1838. Medlycott spent his last days in Bangalore where he died on 4 May 1918. His remains were later reinterred, first in the Basilica of Our Lady of Dolours in 1945.
Kolakaluri Enoch
Kolakaluri Enoch (born 1 July 1939) is an Indian writer, teacher, and former Vice Chancellor of Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati. He was honoured by the Government of India, in 2014, by bestowing on him the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award, for his contributions to the field of literature.

Andhra University
Andhra University is a public university located in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. It was established in 1926 by the Andhra University Act, 1925 (Madras Act II of 1926). It is graded as an A++ institution by National Assessment and Accreditation Council, receiving a score of 3.74 on a scale of 4.
Guardialfiera
Guardialfiera is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Campobasso in the Italian region Molise, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Campobasso. It sits on a hilltop overlooking Lake Guardialfiera, which was created as a result of the damming of the Biferno river.

Guardialfiera borders the following municipalities: Acquaviva Collecroce, Casacalenda, Castelmauro, Civitacampomarano, Larino, Lupara, Palata.

Biferno
The Biferno is a river of Molise, in southern Italy. Its source is in the comune of Bojano and during the first few kilometres of its course, it receives the waters of numerous streams which flow from the Matese mountains. It runs through several comuni in the province of Campobasso, forming the Lake of Guardialfiera and finally flows into the Adriatic Sea.
Kikawa Dam
Kikawa Dam is a gravity dam located in Yamagata Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for power production. The catchment area of the dam is 82.7 km2. The dam impounds about 9  ha of land when full and can store 840 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1956 and completed in 1958.

Yamagata Prefecture
Yamagata Prefecture (山形県, Yamagata-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. It has a population of 1,005,926 (1 February 2025) and an area of 9,325 km2 (3,600 sq mi). Its neighbours are Akita Prefecture to the north, Miyagi Prefecture to the east, Fukushima Prefecture to the south, and Niigata Prefecture to the southwest.

The capital and largest city is Yamagata, with other major cities being Tsuruoka, Sakata and Yonezawa. The prefecture is located on Japan's western Sea of Japan coast and its borders with neighboring prefectures are formed by various mountain ranges, with 17% of its total land area being designated as Natural Parks. Yamagata Prefecture formed the southern half of the historic Dewa Province with Akita Prefecture and is home to the Three Mountains of Dewa, which includes the Haguro Five-story Pagoda, a recognised National Treasure of Japan.
Catocala relicta
Catocala relicta, the white underwing or relict, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1858. It lives in southern Canada, from Newfoundland to Vancouver Island, south to Missouri, and Arizona.

The wingspan is 67–75 mm. Adults are on wing from July to September in one generation depending on the location.

The larvae feed on Betula papyrifera, Carya ovata, Populus alba, Populus balsamifera, Populus deltoides, Populus nigra, Populus tremuloides, Quercus species, and Salix species (including Salix eriocephala).

Populus tremuloides
Populus tremuloides is a deciduous tree native to cooler areas of North America, one of several species referred to by the common name aspen. It is commonly called quaking aspen, trembling aspen, American aspen, mountain or golden aspen, trembling poplar, white poplar, and popple, as well as others. The trees have tall trunks, up to 25 metres (82 feet) tall, with smooth pale bark, scarred with black. The glossy green leaves, dull beneath, become golden to yellow, rarely red, in autumn. The species often propagates through its roots to form large clonal groves originating from a shared root system. These roots are not rhizomes, as new growth develops from adventitious buds on the parent root system (the ortet).

Populus tremuloides is the most widely distributed tree in North America, being found from Canada to central Mexico. It is the defining species of the aspen parkland biome in the Prairie Provinces of Canada and extreme northwest Minnesota.
1922 United States Senate election in Mississippi
The 1922 United States Senate election in Mississippi was held on November 7, 1922. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator John Sharp Williams did not run for re-election to a third term in office.

In the Democratic primary to succeed Williams, U.S. Representative Hubert D. Stephens defeated former Senator James K. Vardaman, who had held Mississippi's other Senate seat for one term. The race required a run-off, as neither candidate achieved a majority in the August primary with suffragette Belle Kearney in the race.

Stephens's victory in the September 5 run-off was tantamount to election; he faced only nominal opposition from the Republican and Socialist candidates in the November general election.

Safe seat
A safe seat is an electoral district which is regarded as fully secure, for either a certain political party, or the incumbent representative personally or a combination of both. With such seats, there is very little chance of a seat changing hands because of the political leanings of the electorate in the constituency concerned or the popularity of the incumbent member. This contrasts with a marginal seat in which a defeat for the seat holder is considered possible. In systems where candidates must first win the party's primary election or preselection, the phrase "tantamount to election" is often used to describe winning the dominant party's nomination for a safe seat.
Rolf Groven
Rolf Dagfinn Groven (11 March 1943 – 26 March 2025) was a Norwegian painter, known for his satirical art painted in figurative style. Groven's paintings are frequently printed works of art in textbooks used in Norwegian schools, as well as history books.

Romsdal
Romsdal is a traditional district in the Norwegian county Møre og Romsdal, located between Nordmøre and Sunnmøre. The district of Romsdal traditional comprises the areas that are part of Aukra Municipality, Molde Municipality, Rauma Municipality, and Vestnes Municipality plus the old Sandøy Municipality (now part of Ålesund Municipality) and the old Fræna Municipality (now part of Hustadvika Municipality). It is named after the valley of Romsdalen, which covers part of Rauma Municipality.

The largest town is Molde, which is also the seat of Møre og Romsdal County Municipality. Åndalsnes is a town located near the mouth of the river Rauma in Rauma Municipality. The Rauma Line railway comes from Dombås and terminates at Åndalsnes.