hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scarlet Scarab
Scarlet Scarab is the name of three characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Roy Thomas, Archie Goodwin, and Frank Robbins, Abdul Faoul, the first Scarlet Scarab, made his first appearance in The Invaders #23 (December 1977). The second Scarlet Scarab, Mehemet Faoul, was created by Doug Moench and Alan Kupperberg, and made his debut in The Mighty Thor #326 (December 1982).

May Calamawy stars as Layla El-Faouly in the Marvel Cinematic Universe television series Moon Knight (2022), with the character becoming the Scarlet Scarab in its final episode while predating her being introduced in the comics as the third Scarlet Scarab.

Funko
Funko Inc. is an American company that manufactures licensed and limited pop culture collectibles, known for its licensed vinyl figurines and bobbleheads. In addition, the company produces licensed plush, action figures, apparel, accessories and games. Founded in 1998 by Mike Becker and Claudia Becker, Funko was originally conceived as a small project to create various low-tech, nostalgia-themed toys. The company's first manufactured bobblehead was of the Big Boy restaurant mascot.

First sold in 2005, Funko, Inc. is, as of August 2025, headed by CEO Josh Simon. Since then, the company has increased the scope of its toy lines and signed licensing deals with major companies such as Warner Bros., Paramount Global, NBCUniversal, Disney, Sony, Shueisha, Marvel Entertainment, and Major League Baseball.
Topki (town), Kemerovo Oblast
Topki (Russian: Топки́) is a town in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia, located 38 kilometers (24 mi) west of Kemerovo, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:  28,641 (2010 Census); 31,004 (2002 Census); 33,574 (1989 Soviet census).

Kemerovo Oblast
Kemerovo Oblast (Russian: Ке́меровская о́бласть, romanized: Kemerovskaya oblastʹ, Russian pronunciation: [ˈkʲemʲɪrəfskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]), also known as Kuzbass (Russian: Кузба́сс, Russian pronunciation: [kʊzˈbas]), after the Kuznetsk Basin, is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Kemerovo is the administrative center and largest city of the oblast. Kemerovo Oblast is one of Russia's most urbanized regions, with over 70% of the population living in its nine principal cities. Its ethnic composition is predominantly Russian, but native Shors and Kalmak Siberian Tatars also live in the oblast, along with Ukrainians, Volga Tatars, and Chuvash. The population recorded during the 2021 Census was 2,600,923.
Laurent Lafforgue
Laurent Lafforgue (French: [lafɔʁɡ]; born 6 November 1966) is a French mathematician. He has made outstanding contributions to Langlands' program in the fields of number theory and analysis, and in particular proved the Langlands conjectures for the automorphism group of a function field. The crucial contribution by Lafforgue to solve this question is the construction of compactifications of certain moduli stacks of shtukas. The proof was the result of more than six years of concentrated efforts.

In 2002 at the 24th International Congress of Mathematicians in Beijing, China, he received the Fields Medal together with Vladimir Voevodsky.

International Congress of Mathematicians
The International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) is the largest conference for the topic of mathematics. It meets once every four years, hosted by the International Mathematical Union (IMU).

The Fields Medals, the IMU Abacus Medal (known before 2022 as the Nevanlinna Prize), the Gauss Prize, and the Chern Medal are awarded during the congress's opening ceremony. Each congress is memorialized by a printed set of Proceedings recording academic papers based on invited talks intended to be relevant to current topics of general interest. Being invited to talk at the ICM has been called "the equivalent ... of an induction to a hall of fame".
Ukrainian gudgeon
The Ukrainian gudgeon (Gobio sarmaticus) is a species of gudgeon, a small freshwater ray-finned fish in the family Gobionidae. It is widespread in the lower parts of Dniester and Southern Bug drainages in Ukraine and Moldova. It is also likely to be present in the lower Dnieper River. It is a freshwater demersal fish, and grows up to 13 cm length.

Demersal fish
Demersal fish, also known as groundfish, live and feed on or near the bottom of seas or lakes (the demersal zone). They occupy the sea floors and lake beds, which usually consist of mud, sand, gravel or rocks. In coastal waters, they are found on or near the continental shelf, and in deep waters, they are found on or near the continental slope or along the continental rise. They are not generally found in the deepest waters, such as abyssal depths or on the abyssal plain, but they can be found around seamounts and islands. The word demersal comes from the Latin demergere, which means to sink.

Demersal fish are bottom feeders. They can be contrasted with pelagic fish, which live and feed away from the bottom in the open water column.
Demersal fish fillets contain little fish oil (one to four per cent), whereas pelagic fish can contain up to 30 per cent.
1928 Rutgers Queensmen football team
The 1928 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University as an independent during the 1928 college football season. In their second season under head coach Harry Rockafeller, the Queensmen compiled a 6–3 record and were outscored by their opponents, 116 to 97.

1928 college football season
The 1928 football season had both the USC Trojans and the Georgia Tech Golden Tornado claim national championships. USC was recognized as champions under the Dickinson System, but the Rose Bowl was contested between the No. 2 and No. 3 Dickinson-rated teams, California and Georgia Tech. The game was decided by a safety scored after Roy "Wrong Way" Riegels ran 65 yards in the wrong direction. Vance Maree blocked the ensuing punt which gave Georgia Tech a safety deciding the 8–7 win.

The Florida Gators led the nation in scoring as a team, led by its "Phantom Four" backfield, with 336 points. They were remembered by many sports commentators as the best Florida football team until at least the 1960s.  NYU halfback Ken Strong led the nation in scoring  as an individual, with 162 points, and tallied some 3,000 total yards from scrimmage.
Isoetes histrix
Isoetes histrix, the land quillwort, is an aquatic pteridophyte native to the Mediterranean region, northwestern Africa, and the coasts of western Europe northwest to Cornwall. It occurs mainly in temporarily wet habitats, otherwise called vernal pools.

The leaves are 3–8 cm long, and summer-deciduous. It differs from Isoetes durieui by its large black scales between the leaves, though these are not always present, and a surface of megaspores with tubercles, whereas I. durieui has a network of ridges.

Aestivation
Aestivation (Latin: aestas (summer); also estivation in American English) is a state of animal dormancy, similar to hibernation, although taking place in the summer rather than the winter. Aestivation is characterized by inactivity and a lowered metabolic rate, that is entered in response to high temperatures and arid conditions. It takes place during times of heat and dryness, which are often the summer months.

Invertebrate and vertebrate animals enter an aestivating state to avoid damage from high temperatures and the risk of desiccation. Both terrestrial and aquatic animals undergo aestivation. Fossil records suggest that aestivation may have evolved several hundred million years ago.
The Christian Science Monitor
The Christian Science Monitor (CSM), commonly known as The Monitor, is a nonprofit news organization that publishes daily articles both in electronic format and a weekly print edition. It was founded in 1908 as a daily newspaper by Mary Baker Eddy, founder of the new religious movement Christian Science, Church of Christ, Scientist.

Since its founding, the newspaper has been based in Boston. Over its existence, seven Monitor journalists have been awarded the Pulitzer Prize, including Edmund Stevens  (1950), John Hughes (1968), Howard James (1968), Robert Cahn (1969), Richard Strout (1978), David S. Rohde (1996), and Clay Bennett (2002).

Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting
This Pulitzer Prize has been awarded since 1942 for a distinguished example of reporting on national affairs in the United States.  In its first six years (1942–1947), it was called the Pulitzer Prize for Telegraphic Reporting – National.
Kirsty Wade
Kirsty Margaret Wade (née McDermott, born 6 August 1962) is a British and Welsh former middle-distance runner. She is a three-time Commonwealth Games gold medallist, winning the 800 metres in Brisbane 1982 and both the 800 metres and 1500 metres in Edinburgh 1986. She represented Great Britain at the 1988 Olympic Games and the 1992 Olympic Games.

1986 Commonwealth Games
The 1986 Commonwealth Games were held in Edinburgh, Scotland, between 24 July and 2 August 1986. This was the second Commonwealth Games to be held in Edinburgh. Thirty two of the eligible fifty nine countries (largely African, Asian and Caribbean states) boycotted the event because of the Thatcher government's policy of keeping Britain's sporting links with apartheid South Africa.

The Games were commemorated on the UK's first-ever £2 circulating coin, which showed a Scottish thistle upon the St. Andrew's saltire design on the reverse side of the coin.
Gmina Warlubie
Gmina Warlubie is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Świecie County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Warlubie, which lies approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) north-east of Świecie, 62 km (39 mi) north of Toruń, and 67 km (42 mi) north-east of Bydgoszcz.

The gmina covers an area of 200.97 square kilometres (77.6 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,473.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Wda Landscape Park.

Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship
Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo kujawsko-pomorskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ kuˈjafskɔ pɔˈmɔrskʲɛ] ⓘ) is one of Poland's 16 voivodeships (provinces).

It was created on 1 January 1999 and is situated in mid-northern Poland, on the boundary between the two historic regions, from which it takes its name: Kuyavia (Polish: Kujawy) and Pomerania (Polish: Pomorze).

Its two chief cities, serving as the province's joint capitals, are Bydgoszcz and Toruń.
Bjarkøy Church
Bjarkøy Church (Norwegian: Bjarkøy kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Harstad Municipality in Troms county, Norway. It is located in the village of Nergården on the island of Bjarkøya. It is one of the churches for the Vågsfjord parish which is part of the Trondenes prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The white, wooden church was built in a cruciform style in 1766 using plans drawn up by an unknown architect. The church seats about 350 people.

Troms
Troms (Norwegian: [trʊms] ⓘ; Northern Sami: Romsa; Kven: Tromssa; Finnish: Tromssa) is a  county in northern Norway. It borders Finnmark county to the northeast and Nordland county in the southwest. Norrbotten Län in Sweden is located to the south and further southeast is a shorter border with Lapland Province in Finland. To the west is the Norwegian Sea (Atlantic Ocean). The county had a population of 169,610 in 2024.

The entire county, which was established in 1866, is located north of the Arctic Circle. The Troms County Municipality is the governing body for the county, elected by the people of Troms, while the Troms county governor is a representative of the King and Government of Norway.

From January 2020 to December 2023, Troms was merged with the neighboring Finnmark county to create the new Troms og Finnmark county. This merger was reversed by the government resulting from the 2021 Norwegian parliamentary election.
Side Gallery
Side Gallery is a photography gallery in Newcastle upon Tyne, run by Amber Film & Photography Collective. It opened in 1977 as Side Gallery and Cinema with a remit to show humanist photography "both by and commissioned by the group along with work it found inspirational". It is the only venue in the UK dedicated to documentary photography. Side Gallery is located at Amber's base in Side, a street in Quayside, Newcastle near the Tyne Bridge.

Side Gallery closed on 9 April 2023 after the loss of its Arts Council England National Portfolio Organisation status and funding in November 2022, combined with rising energy bills. It launched a fundraising campaign which closed on 30 May 2023 to help it work towards reopening in 2024.

Documentary photography
Documentary photography usually refers to a popular form of photography used to chronicle events or environments both significant and relevant to history and historical events as well as everyday life. It is typically undertaken as professional photojournalism, or real-life reportage, but it may also be an amateur, artistic, or academic pursuit. Social documentary photography aims to draw the public's attention to social issues or to the life of underprivileged people.
Tatsiana Sharakova
Tatsiana Valerevna Sharakova (Belarusian: Таццяна Валер'еўна Шаракова; born 31 July 1984) is a Belarusian racing cyclist, who rides for Belarusian amateur team Minsk Cycling Club. She competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics on the track in the women's team pursuit for the national team.

Race Horizon Park
Race Horizon Park is an international cycling road race (category UCI (Union Cycliste Internationale) 1.2, within the Europe Tour calendar), held annually in the capital of Ukraine, during the celebration of the Day of Kyiv. As a part of the bicycle race, a traditional parade of amateur cyclists is held as well – Bicycle Day.
Culham
Culham is a village and civil parish in a bend of the River Thames, 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Abingdon in Oxfordshire. The parish includes Culham Science Centre and Europa School UK (formerly the European School, Culham, which was the only Accredited European School within the United Kingdom). The parish is bounded by the Thames to the north, west and south, and by present and former field boundaries to the east. It is low-lying and fairly flat, rising from the Thames floodplain in the south to a north-facing escarpment in the north up to 260 feet (80 m) above sea level. The 2011 Census recorded its population as 453.

Abingdon Abbey
Abingdon Abbey (formally Abbey of Saint Mary) was a Benedictine monastery in Abingdon-on-Thames in the modern county of Oxfordshire in the United Kingdom. Situated near to the River Thames, it was founded in c. 675 AD and was dedicated to Mary, mother of Jesus. It was disestablished in 1538 during the dissolution of the monasteries. A few physical remnants of the Abbey buildings survive within Abingdon-on-Thames.
Siegfried Blechert
Siegfried Blechert (born 1 March 1946 in Aalborg, Denmark) is a German chemist.

Blechert studied chemistry at the University of Hannover, Germany and completed his PhD under the supervision of Ekkehard Winterfeldt in 1974. After a research stay with Pierre Potier in Gif-sur-Yvette, France, in 1981, he finished his habilitation at the University of Hannover in 1982 and there became lecturer in organic chemistry. In 1986 he took up a professorship at the University of Bonn. In 1990 he accepted the Chair of the Organic Chemistry Department at Technische Universität Berlin.

His research interests include the development of new catalysts for olefin metathesis, novel synthetic methods, and the stereoselective synthesis of natural products.

Leibniz University Hannover
Leibniz University Hannover (German: Leibniz Universität Hannover), also known as the University of Hannover, is a public research university located in Hanover, Germany. Founded on 2 May 1831 as Higher Vocational School, the university has undergone six periods of renaming, its most recent in 2006.

Leibniz University Hannover is a member of TU9, an association of the nine leading Institutes of Technology in Germany. It is also a member of the Conference of European Schools for Advanced Engineering Education and Research, a non-profit association of leading engineering universities in Europe. The university sponsors the German National Library of Science and Technology, the largest science and technology library in the world.
Vivencio Cuyugan
Vivencio Baron Cuyugan Sr. (born Vivencio Cuyugan y Barón; January 13, 1895 – March 16, 1971) was a Filipino politician, boxer, and one of the founders of the socialist guerrilla group Hukbalahap. He was born in San Fernando, Pampanga, to Saturnino Pamintuan Cuyugan and Antonina Yutuc Baron. He studied in the United States where he supported himself through professional boxing and became known as the "Big Brown Filipino." He was appointed Municipal Vice-President of San Fernando in 1927, and later elected to the same position in 1931. He was later elected the first Municipal Mayor under the Philippine Commonwealth, the first socialist mayor of the Philippines. Together with Pedro Abad Santos, he was among the co-founders of the Socialist Party of the Philippines.

In 2017, the National Historical Commission of the Philippines honored Cuyugan as a hero with a historical marker in San Fernando, Pampanga, for being a "champion of social justice".

National Historical Commission of the Philippines
The National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP; Filipino: Pambansang Komisyong Pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas) is a government agency of the Philippines. Its mission is "the promotion of Philippine history and cultural heritage through research, dissemination, conservation, sites management and heraldry works." As such, it "aims to inculcate awareness and appreciation of the noble deeds and ideals of our heroes and other illustrious Filipinos, to instill pride in the Filipino people and to rekindle the Filipino spirit through the lessons of history."
Jacob de Petersen
Jacob, Count Palatine and Baron de Petersen (before ennoblement Jacob Petersen) (born 26 September 1622 in Rendsburg; died 26 October 1704 in Leusden) was a Danish and Brunswijker courtier, politician and diplomat. He wore the dignity of Count Palatine (Comes Palatinus), imperial Baron, Lord of Engelenburg, Aschat and the house of Heiligenberg. At the end of the 17th century, De Petersen became the largest landowner in Northern Norway through inheritance.

Ennoblement
Ennoblement is the conferring of nobility—the induction of an individual into the noble class. Currently only a few kingdoms still grant nobility to people; among them Spain, the United Kingdom, Belgium and the Vatican. Depending on time and region, various laws have governed who  could be ennobled and how. Typically, nobility was conferred on individuals who had assisted the sovereign. In some countries (e.g. France under the Ancien Régime), this degenerated into the buying of patents of nobility, whereby rich commoners (e.g.  merchants) could purchase a title of nobility.
Dufour effect
The Dufour effect is the energy flux due to a mass concentration gradient occurring as a coupled effect of irreversible processes, named after L. Dufour.  It is the reciprocal phenomenon to the Soret effect. The concentration gradient results in a temperature change. For binary liquid mixtures, the Dufour effect is usually considered negligible, whereas in binary gas mixtures the effect can be significant.

Fick's laws of diffusion
Fick's laws of diffusion describe diffusion and were first posited by Adolf Fick in 1855 on the basis of largely experimental results. They can be used to solve for the diffusion coefficient, D. Fick's first law can be used to derive his second law, which in turn is identical to the diffusion equation.

Fick's first law: Movement of particles from high to low concentration (diffusive flux) is directly proportional to the particle's concentration gradient.

Fick's second law: Prediction of change in concentration gradient with time due to diffusion.

A diffusion process that obeys Fick's laws is called normal or Fickian diffusion; otherwise, it is called anomalous diffusion or non-Fickian diffusion.
Replacement product
In graph theory, the replacement product of two graphs is a graph product that can be used to reduce the degree of a graph while maintaining its connectivity.

Suppose G is a  d-regular graph and H is an e-regular graph with vertex set {0, …, d – 1}. Let R denote the replacement product of G and H. The vertex set of R is the Cartesian product V(G) × V(H). For each vertex u in V(G) and for each edge (i, j) in E(H), the vertex (u, i) is adjacent to (u, j) in R. Furthermore, for each edge (u, v) in E(G), if v is the ith neighbor of u and u is the jth neighbor of v, the vertex (u, i) is adjacent to (v, j) in R.

If H is an e-regular graph, then R is an (e + 1)-regular graph.

Regular graph
In graph theory, a regular graph is a graph where each vertex has the same number of neighbors; i.e. every vertex has the same degree or valency. A regular directed graph must also satisfy the stronger condition that the indegree and outdegree of each internal vertex are equal to each other. A regular graph with vertices of degree k is called a k‑regular graph or regular graph of degree k.
Gareth Stevens
Gareth Stevens, Inc. is a publishing company originally based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It was founded in 1983 by its namesake owner. The company was owned by Weekly Reader Corporation, part of The Reader's Digest Association. In 2009, it was sold to company chief Gary Spears and Roger Rosen of Rosen Publishing.

Gareth Stevens largely specialises in children's non-fiction reference. Along with its main arm, Gareth Stevens Publishing, its imprints include Weekly Reader Early Imprint Library and World Almamac Library.

In 1991 and 1992, it published the English version of the first seven Beechwood Bunny Tales by Geneviève Huriet. The translators were Mary Lee Knowlton, Amy Bauman and Patricia Lantier-Sampon.

Weekly Reader
Weekly Reader was a weekly educational classroom magazine designed for children. It began in 1928 as My Weekly Reader. Editions covered curriculum themes in the younger grade levels and news-based, current events and curriculum themed-issues in older grade levels. The publishing company also created workbooks, literacy centers, and picture books for younger grades.

In 2012, Weekly Reader ceased operations as an independent publication and merged with its new owner, Scholastic News, due primarily to market pressures to create digital editions as well as decreasing school budgets.
Cumberland City, Tennessee
Cumberland City is a town in Stewart County, Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, Cumberland City had a population of 305. It is part of the Clarksville, TN — Kentucky Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Cumberland City is the site of a TVA Cumberland Fossil Plant along the Cumberland River that provides 2.6 gigawatts of electric power to much of the area, including the cities of Clarksville in Montgomery County and Dickson in Dickson County.

The power plant's stacks (some of the tallest structures in the state) can be seen for at least 30 miles (48 km) away.

Dickson County, Tennessee
Dickson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 54,315. Its county seat is Charlotte. Dickson County is part of the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Franklin, TN Metropolitan Statistical Area. Dickson County is home to Tennessee's oldest courthouse in continuous use, built in 1835. This is the second courthouse in Charlotte as the first one, a log building, was destroyed in the Tornado of 1833, which destroyed all but one building on the courthouse square.