hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pere Toshev
Petar (Pere) Naumov Toshev (Bulgarian: Петър (Пере) Наумов Тошев, Macedonian: Петар (Пере) Наумов Тошев; 1865–1912) was a Bulgarian teacher and an activist of the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization. In the historiography in North Macedonia he is considered an ethnic Macedonian revolutionary.

Macedonia (region)
Macedonia (/ˌmæsɪˈdoʊniə/ ⓘ MASS-ih-DOH-nee-ə) is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Its boundaries have changed considerably over time; however, it came to be defined as the modern geographical region by the mid-19th century. Today the region is considered to include parts of six Balkan countries: all of North Macedonia, large parts of Greece and Bulgaria, and smaller parts of Albania, Serbia, and Kosovo. Greek Macedonia comprises about half of Macedonia's area and population.

Its oldest known settlements date back approximately to 7,000 BC. From the middle of the 4th century BC, the Kingdom of Macedon became the dominant power on the Balkan Peninsula; since then Macedonia has had a diverse history.
Noemi Cantele
Noemi Cantele (born 17 July 1981) is a professional road bicycle racer. In 2012, she rides for the Be Pink team in women's elite professional events on the National Racing Calendar and UCI Women's World Cup. She competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the Women's road race and the Women's time trial.

Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's individual road race
The women's road race, one of the cycling events at the 2012 Olympic Games in London, took place on 29 July over a course starting and ending on The Mall and heading out of London into Surrey. Nicole Cooke of Great Britain was the defending champion.

In heavy rain, the race and gold medal was won by Marianne Vos of the Netherlands. Great Britain's Lizzie Armitstead was second, collecting silver, and Russia's rider Olga Zabelinskaya won the bronze in third place.
Wanluan pork knuckle
Wanluan pork knuckle (Chinese: 萬巒豬腳; pinyin: Wànluán zhūjiǎo; Tâi-lô: Bān-bân-ti-kha) is a traditional Taiwanese braised pork knuckle dish originating in Wanluan, Pingtung County, Taiwan. The dish is considered a representative specialty of the region and is closely tied to its Hakka cultural heritage.

Pingtung County
Pingtung (Wade–Giles: Pʻing²-tung¹) is a county located in southern Taiwan. It has a warm tropical monsoon climate and is known for its agriculture and tourism. Kenting National Park, Taiwan's oldest national park, is located in the county. The county seat is Pingtung City.
VSS Enterprise crash
The VSS Enterprise crash occurred on October 31, 2014, when VSS Enterprise, a SpaceShipTwo experimental spaceflight test vehicle operated by Virgin Galactic, suffered a catastrophic in-flight breakup during a test flight and crashed in the Mojave Desert near Cantil, California. Co-pilot Michael Alsbury was killed and pilot Peter Siebold was seriously injured.

The National Transportation Safety Board later concluded that the breakup was caused by Alsbury's premature unlocking of the air brake device used for atmospheric re-entry. The NTSB said other important factors in the accident were inadequate design safeguards, poor pilot training and lack of rigorous oversight by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).

Air brake (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, air brakes, or speed brakes, are a type of flight control surface used on an aircraft to increase the drag on the aircraft. When extended into the airstream, air brakes cause an increase in the drag on the aircraft. When not in use, they conform to the local streamlined profile of the aircraft in order to help minimize drag.

Air brakes differ from spoilers in that air brakes are designed to increase drag while making little change to lift, whereas spoilers reduce the lift-to-drag ratio and require a higher angle of attack to maintain lift, resulting in a higher stall speed. However, flight spoilers are routinely referred to as "speed brakes" on transport aircraft by pilots and manufacturers, despite significantly reducing lift.
The Double Deception
The Double Deception is a 1779 comedy play by the British writer Elizabeth Richardson. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane on 28 April 1779, and was her only play. The original cast included James William Dodd as Flippant, William Parsons as Welford, James Aickin as Fairgrove, Robert Baddeley as Rudely, Francis Godolphin Waldron as Robin, John Palmer as Sir Henry Varnish, Elizabeth Farren as Louisa Freemore, Elizabeth Hopkins as Lady Varnish, Priscilla Brereton as Sophia Welford, Jane Pope as Kitty.

John Palmer (actor)
John Palmer (c. 1742–1798) was an actor on the English stage in the eighteenth century. There was also another John Palmer (1728–1768) who was known as Gentleman Palmer. Richard Brinsley Sheridan nicknamed him Plausible Jack.
Chimaera Flats
Chimaera Flats (57°4′S 26°40′W﻿ / ﻿57.067°S 26.667°W﻿ / -57.067; -26.667) is a broad stretch of flat sand with a smooth surface only a few metres above sea level, between Medusa Pool and Gorgon Pool on Candlemas Island, South Sandwich Islands. The name applied by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1971 refers to the chimaera, a mythical fire-eating monster.

Chimera (mythology)
According to Greek mythology, the Chimera, Chimaera, Chimæra, or Khimaira (/kaɪˈmɪərə, kɪ-, -mɛər-/ ky-MEER-ə, kih-, -⁠MAIR-; Ancient Greek: Χίμαιρα, romanized: Chímaira, lit. 'she-goat') was a monstrous fire-breathing hybrid creature from Lycia, Asia Minor, composed of different animal parts. Typically, it is depicted as a lion with a goat's head protruding from its back and a tail ending with a snake's head. Some representations also include dragon's wings. It was an offspring of Typhon and Echidna, and a sibling of monsters like Cerberus and the Lernaean Hydra.

The term "chimera" has come to describe any mythical or fictional creature with parts taken from various animals.
Cornus piggae
Cornus piggae is an extinct species of dogwood known from fossil fruits found in Late Paleocene sediments exposed in the US state of North Dakota.  C. piggae is one of three extinct species placed in the Cornus subgenus Cornus based on fossil fruit morphology.  The other two species, C. ettingshausenii and C. multilocularis are known from pyritized fruits found in sediments of the London Clay in England. C. piggae is the only North American fruit species yet described and is also the oldest described species in Cornus subgenus Cornus.

Thanetian
The Thanetian is, in the ICS Geologic timescale, the latest age or uppermost stratigraphic stage of the Paleocene Epoch or Series. It spans the time between 59.24 and 56 Ma. The Thanetian is preceded by the Selandian Age and followed by the Ypresian Age (part of the Eocene). The Thanetian is sometimes referred to as the Late Paleocene.
Ashley Down railway station
Ashley Down railway station is a railway station in Bristol, England, serving the Ashley Down area. It opened on 28 September 2024.

The West of England Combined Authority planned to open a new railway station as part of the MetroWest scheme, on the site of the disused Ashley Hill station which had been closed in 1964. The reopening was supported by Bristol City Council, Network Rail, local MPs and local rail groups, and provides rail access to local colleges, the Memorial Stadium, home of Bristol Rovers Football Club, and to the County Ground, home of Gloucestershire County Cricket Club.

Bristol City Council
Bristol City Council is the local authority for the city of Bristol, in South West England. Bristol has had a council from medieval times, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1996 the council has been a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council. Bristol has also formed its own ceremonial county since 1996. Since 2017 the council has been a member of the West of England Combined Authority.

The council has been under no overall control since 2021. Following the 2024 election the Green Party was the largest party. Green councillor Tony Dyer was appointed leader of the council, and committee chair positions were shared amongst the Greens and Liberal Democrats. The council is based at City Hall on College Green.
René Lunden
René Henri Theophile Lunden, Baron de Lunden (2 June 1902 – 3 April 1942) was a Belgian bobsledder who competed in the late 1930s. He won a gold medal in the two-man event at the 1939 FIBT World Championships in St. Moritz.

Lunden also competed at the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, finishing eighth in both the two-man and four-man events.

Lunden joined the British RAF during World War II, was commissioned as a Pilot Officer, and was killed in an air crash while returning from a mission in April 1942 aged 39. His body was repatriated to Belgium after the war.

St. Moritz
St. Moritz is a high Alpine resort town in the Engadine in Switzerland, at an elevation of about 1,800 metres (5,910 ft) above sea level. It is Upper Engadine's major town and a municipality in the administrative region of Maloja in the Swiss canton of the Grisons.

St. Moritz lies on the southern slopes of the Albula Alps below the Piz Nair (3,056 m or 10,026 ft) overlooking the flat and wide glaciated valley of the Upper Engadine and Lake St. Moritz. It hosted the Winter Olympics in 1928 and 1948.
2022 California State Senate election
The 2022 California State Senate election was held on Tuesday, November 8, with the primary election having been held on Thursday, June 7. Voters in the 20 even-numbered districts of the California State Senate elected their representatives. The elections coincided with elections for other offices, including the state assembly.

Democrats gained one seat, increasing their supermajority to 32 out of 40 seats, a four-fifths majority.

SEIU United Healthcare Workers West
The SEIU United Healthcare Workers West (SEIU-UHW) is a statewide local union of the Service Employees International Union in California in the United States. In 2020, it had 97,000 members, down from nearly 150,000 in 2013.

UHW is headquartered in Oakland, California and has offices statewide. UHW is an industrial union representing all classifications of health care workers in hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, home health agencies as well as homecare workers.
WSHS (FM)
WSHS (91.7) is a student-run high school radio and public radio station operating on a non-commercial educational license in Sheboygan, Wisconsin. Owned by the Sheboygan Area School District, the station's studio is located on the second floor of Sheboygan North High School on the city's north side, and its transmitter is located in the central courtyard of the North High building. An auxiliary studio is also located at Sheboygan South High School, though most programming originates out of North High. The station's signal covers most of Sheboygan and portions of Kohler and the towns of Mosel, Sheboygan and Wilson, and is also simulcast as the audio on public access station WSCS outside programming hours, which is carried on Spectrum and AT&T U-verse systems in Sheboygan, Fond du Lac and Washington Counties.

Washington County, Wisconsin
Washington County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 136,761. Its county seat is West Bend. The county was created from Wisconsin Territory in 1836 and organized in 1845. It was named after President George Washington. Washington County is part of the Milwaukee metropolitan area.
The Charge of the Light Brigade (1968 film)
The Charge of the Light Brigade is a 1968 British DeLuxe Color satirical war film made by Woodfall Film Productions and distributed by United Artists, depicting parts of the Crimean War and the eponymous charge. It was directed by Tony Richardson and produced by Neil Hartley. Its animated credits and linking passages were created by Richard Williams, drawing on the satirical use of Victorian-era jingoistic images. This film features Richardson's daughters Natasha and Joely in their debuts.

David Watkin (cinematographer)
David Watkin BSC (23 March 1925 – 19 February 2008) was an English cinematographer, an innovator who was among the first directors of photography to experiment heavily with the usage of bounce light as a soft light source. He worked with such film directors as Richard Lester, Peter Brook, Tony Richardson, Mike Nichols, Ken Russell, Franco Zeffirelli, Sidney Lumet and Sydney Pollack.

In 1985, Watkin won the Academy Award for Best Cinematography for his work on Out of Africa. He received lifetime achievement awards in 2004 from the British Society of Cinematographers and the cinematographic-centric Camerimage Film Festival in Łódź, Poland.

In Chariots of Fire, he "helped create one of the most memorable images of 1980s cinema: the opening sequence in which a huddle of young male athletes pounds along the water's edge on a beach" to the film's theme music by Vangelis.
Lawrence Ferry
The Bluff Point Ferry, Lawrence  (commonly known as the Lawrence Ferry) is a cable ferry across the Clarence River in New South Wales, Australia. The ferry operates between the town of Lawrence and Woodford Island, and forms part of the route east from Lawrence to the coast. It is the busiest vehicular ferry in New South Wales.

The ferry is operated by a private sector operator under contract to Transport for NSW. The ferry operates on demand 24 hours day, 7 days a week. If the ferry is not in operation, the alternatives are a 38 kilometres (24 mi) detour via the Ulmarra Ferry, or a 67 kilometres (42 mi) detour via the bridge at Grafton.

Grafton, New South Wales
Grafton (Bundjalung: Gumbin Gir) is a city in the Northern Rivers region of the Australian state of New South Wales. It is located on the Clarence River, on a floodplain, approximately 620 kilometres (385 mi) by road north-northeast of the state capital Sydney.

The closest major cities, Brisbane and the Gold Coast, are located across the border in South East Queensland. At the 2021 census, Grafton had a population of 19,255. The city is the largest settlement and, with Maclean, the shared administrative centre of the Clarence Valley Council local government area, which is home to over 50,000 people in all.
Arena Pruszków
The Arena Pruszków, known until 2017 as BGŻ BNP Paribas Arena for sponsorship reasons, is a velodrome in Pruszków, Poland. Opened in 2008 as Poland's first indoor velodrome, it hosted the 2009 UCI Track Cycling World Championships. It also hosted the 2008 European Track Championships at under-23 and junior level and the 2010 European Track Championships at elite level.

The track is 250 metres (820 ft) long and made of Siberian Pine. It has seats for 1800 people with the capacity to install 1500 more seats. The BGŻ Arena is also home of the Polish Cycling Federation.

Pinus sibirica
Pinus sibirica, or Siberian pine, in the family Pinaceae is a species of pine tree that occurs in Siberia from 58°E in the Ural Mountains east to 126°E in the Stanovoy Range in southern Sakha Republic, and from Igarka at 68°N in the lower Yenisei valley, south to 45°N in central Mongolia.
Degree of isochronous distortion
The degree of isochronous distortion, in data transmission, is the ratio of the absolute value of the maximum measured difference between the actual and the theoretical intervals separating any two significant instants of modulation (or demodulation), to the unit interval. These instants are not necessarily consecutive.  This value is usually expressed as a percentage.

The result of the measurement should be qualified by an indication if the period, usually limited, of the observation. For a prolonged modulation (or demodulation), it will be appropriate to consider the probability that an assigned value of the degree of distortion will be exceeded.

Unit interval
In mathematics, the unit interval is the closed interval [0,1], that is, the set of all real numbers that are greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.  It is often denoted I (capital letter I). In addition to its role in real analysis, the unit interval is used to study homotopy theory in the field of topology.

In the literature, the term "unit interval" is sometimes applied to the other shapes that an interval from 0 to 1 could take: (0,1], [0,1), and (0,1).  However, the notation I is most commonly reserved for the closed interval [0,1].
Lloyd baronets of Garth (1661)
The Lloyd baronetcy, of Garth in the County of Montgomery, was created in the Baronetage of England on 10 May 1661 for the merchant and politician Charles Lloyd. He was Member of Parliament for Montgomery in 1659.

The 3rd Baronet was High Sheriff of Montgomeryshire between 1706 and 1707. The title became extinct on his death in 1743.

Montgomeryshire
Montgomeryshire (Welsh: Sir Drefaldwyn 'the shire of Baldwin's town', or simply Maldwyn) was one of the thirteen counties of Wales that existed from 1536 until their abolition in 1974, later becoming a district of Powys from 1974 to 1996. It was named after its county town, Montgomery, which in turn was named after one of William the Conqueror's main counsellors, Roger de Montgomerie, who was the 1st Earl of Shrewsbury.

The area of what was Montgomeryshire, now constitutes the northern part of the county of Powys. The current area was 2,174 square km (839 square miles).

The largest town was Newtown, followed by Welshpool and Llanidloes.
Nossen
Nossen (German pronunciation: [ˈnɔsn̩] ⓘ; Upper Sorbian: Nosyn, pronounced [ˈnɔsɨn]) is a town in the district of Meissen, in Saxony, Germany. It is located 80 km southeast of Leipzig. The town is dominated by a large Renaissance castle. Nossen is best known for its proximity to a motorway junction where the A14 merges onto the A4.

Bundesautobahn 4
Bundesautobahn 4 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 4, short form Autobahn 4, abbreviated as BAB 4 or A 4) is an autobahn in two discontinuous segments that crosses Germany in a west–east direction. The western segment has a length of 156 km (97 mi), while the part in the east is 429 km (267 mi) long.
Supergraphics
Supergraphics are large-scale painted or applied decorative graphics used over interior or exterior walls, floors, or ceilings in order to alter visual perception of a building or interior space. Supergraphics typically wrap around multiple architectural planes or surfaces, and change appearance of spaces by affecting perception of their size or depth.

Supergraphics are one of the tools of environmental graphic design that can allow to incorporate wayfinding or branding in public spaces like transit hubs, office buildings, hospitals, or schools. Supergraphics have also been used as a tool of urban renewal. Unlike murals, supergraphics are defined by their oversized scale and typically incorporate typography, multi-colored abstract graphic shapes, patterns, or illustrations.

Transport hub
A transport hub  is a place where passengers and cargo are exchanged between vehicles and/or between transport modes. Public transport hubs include railway stations, rapid transit stations, bus stops, tram stops, airports, and ferry slips.

Freight hubs include classification yards, airports, inland ports, seaports, and truck terminals, or combinations of these.

For private transport by car, the parking lot functions as an unimodal hub.
C. C. Young
Clement Calhoun Young (April 28, 1869 – December 24, 1947) was an American educator and politician who was affiliated with the original Progressive Party and later the Republican Party. He was elected to five consecutive terms in the California State Assembly, serving from 1909 to 1919, then as the 28th lieutenant governor of California, holding that office from 1919 to 1927. In the 1926 general election, he was elected in a landslide victory as the 26th governor of California and served from 1927 to 1931. Young is considered to have been one of the last governors from the Progressive movement.

Governor of California
The governor of California is the head of government of the U.S. state of California. The governor is the commander-in-chief of the California National Guard and the California State Guard.

Established in the Constitution of California, the governor's responsibilities also include submitting the budget, ensuring that state laws are enforced, and making the annual State of the State address to the California State Legislature. The position was created in 1849, the year before California became a state.

The governor is now limited to two terms, regardless of whether they are consecutive. The current governor of California is Democrat Gavin Newsom, who was inaugurated on January 7, 2019. Jerry Brown was the longest serving governor in Californian history, serving from 1975 until 1983, and again from 2011 until 2019.
Jelena
Jelena, also written Yelena and Elena, is a Slavic given name. Jelena [Croatian] means female deer.

The name is a Slavicized form of the Greek name Helena, and it signifies the word ‘Greek’ (Ελληνικά) meaning bright, light. Helena comes from Helios meaning 
shining and sunlight.
Diminutives of the name include Jelica, Jelka, Jele, Jela, Lena, Lenochka, Jeca, and Lenka.

Diminutive
A diminutive is a word obtained by modifying a root word to convey a slighter degree of its root meaning, either to convey the smallness of the object or quality named, or to convey a sense of intimacy or endearment, and sometimes to belittle something or someone. A diminutive form (abbreviated DIM) is a word-formation device used to express such meanings. A double diminutive is a diminutive form with two diminutive suffixes rather than one.
Lutz Fischer
Lutz Fischer (born 1 November 1967) is a German-born Swiss pastor and politician. He serves on the Grand Council of Aargau for the Evangelical People's Party of Switzerland (EVP) since 2019. Additionally he serves on the municipal council of Wettingen where he is also pastor. He is the son of Werner Fischer and brother to German politician Axel Fischer.

Wettingen
Wettingen (German pronunciation: [ˈvɛtɪŋən]) is a residential community in the district of Baden in the Swiss canton of Aargau. With a population about 20,000, Wettingen is the second-largest municipality in the canton.
Schoharie Creek Bridge collapse
The Schoharie Creek Bridge  was a New York State Thruway (I-90) bridge over the Schoharie Creek near Fort Hunter and the Mohawk River in New York State. The bridge sits adjacent to the historic Schoharie Crossing. On April 5, 1987, it collapsed due to bridge scour at the foundations after a record rainfall. The collapse killed ten people. The replacement bridge was completed and fully open to traffic on May 21, 1988.

The failure of the Schoharie Creek Bridge motivated improvement in bridge design and inspection procedures within New York and beyond.

Fort Hunter, New York
Fort Hunter is a hamlet in the town of Florida in Montgomery County, New York, United States, west of the capital at Albany, on the south bank of the Mohawk River and on the northeast bank of Schoharie Creek.

The hamlet, developed around a fort of the same name, was built by English colonists in 1712 near the Mohawk village of Tionondoroge for their defense. Queen Anne ordered the fort built at the request of the Mohawk, in exchange for their allowing her to settle German Palatines in their territory. The English called the Mohawk settlement the Lower Mohawk Castle. Within a few years, the fort included an Anglican chapel, first built in logs and replaced by a stone church in 1741. It was a mission church for the Mohawk in addition to English settlers. The fort survived the wars in the region; it was taken down in 1820 to make way for construction of the Erie Canal.