hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vassouras
Vassouras (Portuguese: [vɐˈsowɾɐs], lit. 'Brooms') is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. Its population was 37,083 (2020) and its area is 552 km2 (213 sq mi).

Vassouras was the setting for the Bangu neighborhood portrayed in the 1970 Brazilian film My Sweet Orange Tree, as well as the fictional town of "Florença" depicted in the 2001 miniseries Presença de Anita.

Meu Pé de Laranja Lima (film)
Meu Pé de Laranja Lima (My Sweet Orange Tree) is a 1970 Brazilian drama film, based on the novel of the same name. Directed by Aurélio Teixeira, is the first film adaptation of the novel by José Mauro de Vasconcelos.
Johann Silberschlag
Johann Esaias Silberschlag (16 November 1721 – 22 November 1791) was a German Lutheran pastor (1753-1766) and natural scientist from Aschersleben, Principality of Halberstadt.

In 1760, he became an external member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin, Privy Councillor in the newly founded Office for Public Works, Section of Mechanical Engineering and Hydraulic Engineering. In 1780 Silberschlag observed and described the Brocken bow (also called Brocken spectre). In his book Geonetics or Explanation of the Mosaic Creation according to Physical and Mathematical Foundations (Geogonie oder Erklärung der mosaischen Erderschaffung nach physikalischen und mathematischen Grundlagen) he tried to reconcile theology and science.

The lunar crater Silberschlag is named after him.

Prussian Academy of Sciences
The Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences  (German: Königlich-Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften) was an academy established in Berlin, Germany on 11 July 1700, four years after the Prussian Academy of Arts, or "Arts Academy," to which "Berlin Academy" may also refer.  In the 18th century, when French was the language of science and culture, it was a French-language institution.
Lyndon, Rutland
Lyndon is a small village in the county of Rutland in the East Midlands of England. The population of the civil parish was 80 at the 2001 census (including Pilton), increasing to 124 at the 2011 census.

The village's name means 'hill of flax' or 'hill of lime trees'.

There are three Grade II* listed buildings in the parish: the Church of St Martin, Lyndon Hall and Top Hall.

Thomas Barker (1722–1809) of Lyndon Hall kept a detailed weather record from 1736 to 1798. William Whiston (1667–1752), best known for his translation of Josephus, died at the Hall, the home of his son-in-law, Samuel Barker on 22 August 1752. The Hall is owned by the Conant family.

Lime (fruit)
A lime is the fruit of several species of citrus, most of which are hybrids within the genus Citrus (family Rutaceae). Limes are generally small, round to oval fruits with green flesh and skin and a distinctly sour taste due to their high citric acid content. They are widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for culinary, medicinal, and ornamental purposes.

The term "lime" is used for a variety of citrus fruits, including the Key lime (Citrus × aurantiifolia), Persian lime (Citrus × latifolia), Makrut lime (Citrus hystrix), finger lime (Citrus australasica), blood lime (hybrid), and desert lime among others. Limes are a rich source of vitamin C and are used to accent the flavours of foods and beverages. In 2023, world production of limes (combined with lemons) was 23.6 million tonnes, led by India and Mexico.
Topological half-exact functor
In mathematics, a topological half-exact functor F is a functor from a fixed topological category (for example CW complexes or pointed spaces) to an abelian category (most frequently in applications, category of abelian groups or category of modules over a fixed ring) that has a following property: for each sequence of spaces, of the form:

X → Y → C(f)

where C(f) denotes a mapping cone, the sequence:

F(X) → F(Y) → F(C(f))

is exact.  If F is a contravariant functor, it is half-exact if for each sequence of spaces as above,
the sequence F(C(f)) → F(Y) → F(X) is exact.

Homology is an example of a half-exact functor, and
cohomology (and generalized cohomology theories)  are examples of contravariant half-exact functors.
If B is any fibrant topological space, the (representable) functor F(X)=[X,B] is half-exact.

Mapping cone (topology)
In mathematics, especially homotopy theory, the mapping cone is a construction in topology analogous to a quotient space and denoted . Alternatively, it is also called the homotopy cofiber and also notated . Its dual, a fibration, is called the mapping fiber. The mapping cone can be understood to be a mapping cylinder  with the initial end of the cylinder collapsed to a point. Mapping cones are frequently applied in the homotopy theory of pointed spaces.
Rollestone Fyffe
Christianity portal

Rollestone Sterritt Fyffe (also spelled Rolleston; 1868 – 3 April 1964) was the fourth Bishop of Rangoon.

Born in 1868, the son of an army doctor, he was educated at Clifton and Emmanuel College, Cambridge. Ordained in 1894, his first posts were curacies at St Michael, Bishop Wearmouth and St Agnes Church, Bristol, where he later became vicar. From 1904 to 1910 he was an SPG Missionary in Mandalay when he was elevated to the episcopate, serving for 18 years. Afterwards he became Vicar of Westfield, East Sussex. He died on 3 April 1964.

Bishopwearmouth
Bishopwearmouth (/ˌbɪʃəpˈwɪərmaʊθ/) is a former village and parish which now constitutes the west side of Sunderland City Centre, in the county of Tyne and Wear, England, merging with the settlement as it expanded outwards in the 18th and 19th centuries. It is home to the Sunderland Minster church, which has stood at the heart of the settlement since the early Middle Ages. Until 1974 it was in County Durham.
Laverda 750SFC
The Laverda 750SFC (Super Freni Competizione) is a hand-built 744 cc (45.4 cu in) air cooled SOHC 4 stroke parallel twin production racing motorcycle produced by the Italian manufacturer Laverda from 1971 to 1976. It was developed from the company's 750SF and drew from the racers used at the 1970 Bol d'Or. Finished in orange with a distinctive half-fairing, the machine was made in batches, with each batch identified by the frame number range. In total 549 SFCs were manufactured.

Motorcycle fairing
A motorcycle fairing is a shell placed over the frame of a motorcycle, especially racing motorcycles and sport bikes, to deflect wind and reduce air drag. The secondary functions are the protection of the rider from airborne hazards and wind-induced hypothermia and of the engine components in the case of an accident. A motorcycle windshield will usually be integrated into the design of the fairing.

The major benefit of a fairing on sport touring and touring motorcycles is a reduction in aerodynamic drag, which allows for reduced fuel consumption and permits higher speeds at lower engine rpm, which in turn increases engine life.

A motorcycle may have a front fairing, a rear fairing, a belly fairing, or any combination of these. Alternatively, a single fairing may partially or fully enclose the entire motorcycle, and may even enclose the rider.
Rudra Tandava
Rudra Tandava (transl. Violent dance) is a 2015 Indian Kannada-language action film directed by Guru Deshpande, and is a remake of the 2013 Tamil film Pandiya Naadu. It stars Chiranjeevi Sarja and Radhika Kumaraswamy in the lead roles. P. Ravi Shankar, Girish Karnad and Krishna feature in supporting roles. The film tells the story about how Shivaraj (Sarja), a regular man avenges the killing of his brother by the local mafia. The film upon theatrical release on 27 February 2015 received mixed reviews from critics.

Radhika Kumaraswamy
Radhika Kumaraswamy (born Radhika Poojary) is an Indian actress and producer, who primarily appears in Kannada films. She made her acting debut in 2002 with the Kannada film Ninagagi. In 2012, she produced her first film, Lucky starring Yash under the name Shamika Enterprises.
International Maritime Confederation
The International Maritime Confederation (IMC) is the umbrella organization of maritime organizations and marine societies on the European level. The purpose of the Federation is the joint furthering of maritime understanding and the promotion of maritime ideas on the basis of international cooperation.

Multilateralism
In international relations, multilateralism refers to an alliance of multiple countries pursuing a common goal. Multilateralism is based on the principles of inclusivity, equality, and cooperation, and aims to foster a more peaceful, prosperous, and sustainable world.
Middle powers play a crucial role in the international system by promoting multilateralism and internationalism.

One of the key advantages of multilateralism is that it enables countries to solve problems that transcend national boundaries, such as climate change, terrorism, and pandemics, through shared responsibility and burden-sharing. However, multilateralism has challenges. The rise of populism, fascism, and protectionism in some countries has raised concerns about the future of multilateralism and the effectiveness of international cooperation.
Indian Claims Limitations Act
The Indian Claims Limitations Act of 1982 (ICLA) is a United States federal statute of limitations that governs some types of claims by Native American tribes and claims by the federal government on behalf of tribes.

Tribe (Native American)
In the United States, an American Indian tribe, Native American tribe, Alaska Native village, Indigenous tribe, or Tribal nation may be any current or historical tribe, band, or nation of Native Americans in the United States. Modern forms of these entities are often associated with land or territory of an Indian reservation. "Federally recognized Indian tribe" is a legal term in United States law with a specific meaning.

A Native American tribe recognized by the United States government possesses tribal sovereignty, a "domestic dependent, sovereign nation" status with the U.S. federal government that is similar to that of a state in some situations, and that of a nation in others, holding a government-to-government relationship with the federal government of the United States.
The Goldbergs season 7
The seventh season of the American television comedy series The Goldbergs premiered on ABC on September 25, 2019, with new showrunners Chris Bishop and Alex Barnow after Adam F. Goldberg stepped down. The season concluded on May 13, 2020 and consists of 23 episodes.

Production on the 24th episode was halted as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in only 23 episodes being completed and aired. The planned 24th episode, which focuses on the wedding of Bill Lewis and his girlfriend, ended up being produced during season 8.

Showrunner
A showrunner is the top-level executive producer of a television series. The position outranks other creative and management personnel, including episode directors, in contrast to feature films, in which the director has creative control over the production, and the executive producer's role is limited to investing. In scripted comedy and drama TV shows, the showrunner also usually serves as the head writer (or its most prolific writer). The role of a showrunner is not present on all television series, especially outside the United States; this article describes the nature of the role where it is present.
Solar equator
The solar equator is the latitude on Earth at which the Sun is observed directly overhead at midday. Due to the obliquity of Earth's axis, the solar equator varies during the year, from the Tropic of Capricorn on the December solstice to the Tropic of Cancer on the June solstice. On the day of either equinox, the Sun's position is at the zenith when viewed from the geographic equator. The Sun can never be observed directly overhead from outside of the tropics.

Zenith
The zenith (UK: /ˈzɛnɪθ/, US: /ˈziː-/) is the imaginary point on the celestial sphere directly "above" a particular location. "Above" means in the vertical direction (plumb line) opposite to the gravity direction at that location (nadir). The zenith is the "highest" point on the celestial sphere. The direction opposite of the zenith is the nadir.
Hobart Lake National Wildlife Refuge
Hobart Lake National Wildlife Refuge is a 2,077-acre (8.41 km2) Easement Refuge located in Barnes County, North Dakota five miles (8 km) west of Valley City.

The refuge was established by Executive Orders during the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration and was set aside as "a refuge and breeding grounds for migratory birds and other wildlife." The refuge is maintained by the Valley City Wetland Management District and is a part of the Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge Complex.

The refuge is a migration stopover for waterfowl. In addition, tundra swans frequently use the refuge during spring and fall migrations. Much of the refuge lands are cultivated by the owner; however, some waterfowl nesting and brood rearing takes place on portions of the refuge. There are some limited opportunities for wildlife observation and photography from public roads around the refuge.

Easement refuge
An easement refuge is a special type of National Wildlife Refuge under the auspices of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). Such refuges exist on privately owned land, with the law of easements guaranteeing their status.

On an easement refuge, the Refuge boundaries encompass private land and the Fish and Wildlife Service does not own the land. Instead, through the use of a conservation easement, the FWS maintains the water rights and the right to restrict "hunting, trapping and willful disturbance of any bird or wild animal of any kind whatsoever within the limits of the refuge or to enter thereon..." However, the private landowner reserves the right to hay, graze, burn and manage the land with only minimal intervention from the Service.
Marcin Zamoyski
Marcin Zamoyski (c. 1637–1689) was a Polish nobleman (szlachcic).

Marcin became the fourth Ordynat of Zamość estate in 1674. He became a Royal Rotmistrz in 1656, Podstoli of Lwów in 1677, voivode of Bracław Voivodeship in 1678, voivode of Lublin Voivodeship in 1682 and Grand Treasurer of the Crown in 1685. He was starost of Belz, Płoskirów, Bolimów and Rostoki.

Rittmaster
Rittmaster (German: Rittmeister, lit. 'riding/cavalry master') is usually a commissioned officer military rank used in a few armies, usually equivalent to Captain. Historically it has been used in Germany, Austria-Hungary, Scandinavia, and some other countries.

A rittmeister is typically in charge of a squadron (a company-sized unit called a "troop" in the United States, as opposed to the U.S. cavalry squadron of larger battalion size), and is the equivalent of a Hauptmann rank (or captain in most army branches).
Druivenkoers Overijse
Druivenkoers Overijse is a single-day road bicycle race held annually in August in Overijse, Belgium. Since 2005, the race is organized as a 1.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour.

The record of victories (4) belongs to Roger De Vlaeminck and Björn Leukemans.

UCI race classifications
The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), the world's governing body in the sport of bicycle racing, classifies races according to a rating scale.

The rating is represented by a code made of two or three parts and indicates both the type or style of race (the first part), and its importance or difficulty (the second and third parts, lower being harder). The first part can be an integer or an abbreviation, and the second part, when present, are usually integers. Both parts are separated by a period or decimal point (.).

A higher rated race will result in the successful riders receiving more world ranking points.
Churnalism
Churnalism is the production of low-quality or unoriginal news articles, generally by paraphrasing other sources or press releases to avoid the need for time-consuming research or fact-checking.

Churnalism is often the result of understaffed journalists who do not have the resources for original news-gathering and checking sources. Because it can quickly be churned out (and thus is less expensive to produce), churnalism has become more common due to the revenue lost with the rise of Internet news and decline in advertising, with a particularly steep fall in late 2015. The term is a portmanteau of "churn" and "journalism", referring to the perceived "churning out" of content by the press; its creation has been credited to BBC journalist Waseem Zakir.

Paraphrase
A paraphrase (/ˈpærəˌfreɪz/) or rephrase is a rewording of a text that retains the original meaning. Paraphrasing can enhance clarity and effectiveness in conveying ideas. It involves expressing the same concepts as the original text in a new way. For example, when someone tells a story they have heard, they paraphrase it in their own words while preserving the meaning. The term comes from the Latin paraphrasis, from Ancient Greek  παράφρασις (paráphrasis) 'additional manner of expression'. The act of paraphrasing is also called paraphrasis.
47th Parliament of Australia
The 47th Parliament of Australia was a meeting of the legislative body of the Commonwealth of Australia, composed of the Australian Senate and the Australian House of Representatives. The May 2022 federal election gave the Australian Labor Party control of the House, with 77 seats, enough for a two-seat majority government. Labor gained an additional seat at the Aston by-election in April 2023, thereby increasing its majority to three seats for much of the remainder of the term. Following the election, Labor leader Anthony Albanese became the 31st Prime Minister of Australia, and was sworn in by the Governor-General David Hurley on 23 May 2022. The 47th Parliament opened in Canberra on 26 July 2022. The term ended on 28 March 2025, when the House of Representatives was dissolved and parliament was prorogued by Governor-General Sam Mostyn, in preparation for the 2025 federal election.

Sam Mostyn
Samantha Joy Mostyn (/ˈmɒstən/ MOSS-tən; born 13 September 1965) is an Australian businesswoman and advocate who has served as the 28th governor-general of Australia since 1 July 2024.

Mostyn has been an advocate on climate change and gender equality; she served as the first female Australian Football League commissioner and was president of Chief Executive Women from 2021 to 2022. She was a board member of numerous companies and organisations, including Mirvac, Transurban, GO Foundation, the Climate Council, Virgin Australia, and the Sydney Swans. The Mostyn Medal, for the "best and fairest" AFLW player in the Sydney Swans, is named after her.
13 December 2013 Iraq attacks
On Friday 13 December 2013, multiple attacks killed at least 36 people and wounded 46 in Iraq.

A gunman killed at least 18 people, including 15 Iranians and another 7 were wounded, including 5 Iranians in Diyala Governorate, Iraq.

In Ramadi, a car bomb killed at least 6 people and another 10 were wounded.

At least 5 people die and another 14 were injured after a car exploded in Nahrawan.

A car bomb killed at least 5 people and 13 others were wounded in Madain.

Insurgents shoot dead at least 2 people in Ghazaliyah, Baghdad Governorate.

Al-Mada'in District
33°05′58″N 44°35′08″E﻿ / ﻿33.09947°N 44.58561°E﻿ / 33.09947; 44.58561

Al-Mada'in District is a district of the Baghdad Governorate, Iraq. It includes the city of Salman Pak, which incorporates the ancient ruins of Al-Mada'in, and the oldest freestanding mud brick arch in the world. Other metropolitan areas include Jisr Dyala, an urban district that borders the Baghdad city district of (???), the northern village of Nahrawahn with its major brickworks, and the central village of Wahedah that sits astride the Basrah Highway into Wasit Province.
Erkki Ryömä
Erkki Paavo Ryömä (20 February 1907 – 4 January 1997) was a Finnish farmer and politician, born in Karkku. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1955 to 1958 and again from 1962 to 1966, representing the Agrarian League, which changed its name to Centre Party in 1965. He was a presidential elector in the 1956, 1962 and 1968 presidential elections. Erkki Ryömä was a nephew of Hannes Ryömä and a cousin of Mauri Ryömä

Karkku
Karkku is a former municipality in the Pirkanmaa region of Finland. It was consolidated in 1973 with Vammala, which in turn was consolidated with Äetsä and Mouhijärvi to create the town of Sastamala in 2009. Karkku is located by the lake Rautavesi, about 13 kilometres north of the Sastamala town center.

The village of Karkku is listed as a Cultural environment of national significance by the Finnish National Board of Antiquities.
Nangang River
Nangang River（Traditional Chinese：南港溪）is located in Miaoli County, Taiwan. It is a tributary of the Zhonggang River, which is under central management. The river basin includes Zaoqiao Township, Zhunan Township, Toufen City, Sanwan Township, Nanzhuang Township, and Shitan Township in Miaoli County. Nangang River originates from the southwestern slope of Shenzhuo Mountain  at an elevation of 762 metres (2,500 ft)  in Baishou Village, Shitan Township. It flows north to Dahedi in Sanwan Township, then turns southwest to Nanpingjiao It flows into Zhonggang River at Tanwen. The river is 28.89 kilometres (17.95 mi) long, with a basin area of 69.5 square kilometres (26.8 sq mi).

Sanwan
24°37′55″N 120°56′12″E﻿ / ﻿24.632038°N 120.936787°E﻿ / 24.632038; 120.936787

Sanwan Township is a rural township in northern Miaoli County, Taiwan.  It lies between the Taiwan Strait on the west and mountains on the east.
Tuncester, New South Wales
Tuncester, formerly known as Tunstall, is a locality within the City of Lismore local government area in New South Wales, Australia. It lies around 5–7 km (3.1–4.3 mi) outside the main town of Lismore. It is known for its historical self-managed Aboriginal reserve known as Cubawee, which was led by Pastor  Frank Roberts for most of its existence (1932–1965).

Tuncester lies on the traditional lands of the Bundjalung people, who inhabited the Richmond River area before European settlers arrived in the 1840s. It was named Tunstall after Tunstall Station, a pastoral lease taken up by amateur naturalist Augustus Adolphus Leycester and his business partner Robert Shaw in 1843, where they grazed cattle. In 1907 Tunstall was officially renamed Tuncester, a combination of Tunstall and Leycester. Leycester Creek runs through Tuncester.

The Northern Star
The Northern Star is a daily newspaper serving Lismore, New South Wales, Australia. The newspaper is owned by News Corp Australia.

The Northern Star is circulated to Lismore and surrounding communities, from Tweed Heads to the north, to Kyogle and Casino to the west and Evans Head to the south and includes the seaside towns of Byron Bay and Ballina.

The circulation of The Northern Star is 14,737 Monday to Friday and 22,653 on Saturday. The Northern Star website is part of the APN Regional News Network.