hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Topological graph theory
In mathematics, topological graph theory is a branch of graph theory. It studies the embedding of graphs in surfaces, spatial embeddings of graphs, and graphs as topological spaces. It also studies immersions of graphs.

Embedding a graph in a surface means that we want to draw the graph on a surface, a sphere for example, without two edges intersecting. A basic embedding problem often presented as a mathematical puzzle is the three utilities problem. Other applications can be found in printing electronic circuits where the aim is to print (embed) a circuit (the graph) on a circuit board (the surface) without two connections crossing each other and resulting in a short circuit.

Sphere
A sphere (from Ancient Greek σφαῖρα, sphaîra) is a surface analogous to the circle, a curve. In solid geometry, a sphere is the set of points that are all at the same distance r from a given point in three-dimensional space. That given point is the center of the sphere, and the distance r is the sphere's radius. The earliest known mentions of spheres appear in the work of the ancient Greek mathematicians.

The sphere is a fundamental surface in many fields of mathematics. Spheres and nearly-spherical shapes also appear in nature and industry. Bubbles such as soap bubbles take a spherical shape in equilibrium. The Earth is often approximated as a sphere in geography, and the celestial sphere is an important concept in astronomy. Manufactured items including pressure vessels and most curved mirrors and lenses are based on spheres. Spheres roll smoothly in any direction, so most balls used in sports and toys are spherical, as are ball bearings.
So I Married an Anti-fan (film)
So I Married an Anti-Fan (also known as No One's Life Is Easy)  is a Chinese romantic comedy film directed by Kim Jae-young and starring Chanyeol, Yuan Shanshan, Seohyun and Jiang Chao. It is based on a South Korean web novel So I Married An Anti-fan (Korean: 그래서 나는 안티 팬과 결혼했다) by Jiwan. The film was released in China by Bona Film Group on June 30, 2016.

Web novels in South Korea
Web novels in South Korea (Korean: 웹소설; Hanja: 웹小說; RR: Wepsoseol; "web novel; web fiction") have been growing in popularity in the 21st century. Among e-publishing fields, web novels are the core contents that are leading the e-book market. Just as webtoons (online comics) grew in the early 2000s in South Korea, web novels have been growing rapidly since the 2010s.

The usual definition of a web novel is 'the first novel to be released on the web'. This definition is based on the nature of distinguishing web novels from other content, first of all, the basis for mediating novels with readers, second of which the web releases them for the first time, and lastly has a narrative form. In particular, the web novel market has begun to receive great attention because the possibility of expanding the content of a web novel, such as TV shows, has been confirmed.
René Gauvreau
René Gauvreau (born 1954) is a Canadian politician in the  province of Quebec, who was elected to represent the riding of Groulx in the National Assembly of Quebec in the 2008 provincial election. He is a member of the Parti Québécois, but sat as an independent for nine months until rejoining the PQ caucus in April 2012.

Gauvreau is a graduate of the Université de Montréal, where he obtained a law degree in 1987, and practiced law until his election in 2008. Gauvreau also worked as a member of several non-profit organizations and foundations mostly in the lower Laurentides region.

Gauvreau defeated the ADQ's Linda Lapointe in the Groulx riding in the 2008 elections as the PQ swept most of the Northern Montreal suburbs (north of Laval).

Laval, Quebec
Laval is a city in Quebec, Canada. It is in the southwest of the province, north of Montreal. It is the largest suburb of Montreal, the third-largest city in the province after Montreal and Quebec City, and the thirteenth largest city in Canada, with a population of 443,192 in 2021.

Laval is geographically separated from the mainland to the north by the Rivière des Mille Îles, and from the Island of Montreal to the south by the Rivière des Prairies. Laval occupies all of Île Jésus as well as the Îles Laval.

Laval constitutes one of the 17 administrative regions of Quebec, with a region code of 13, as well as a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) with geographical code 65. It also constitutes the judicial district of Laval. It is the smallest administrative region in the province by area.
Benny Peled
Benny Peled (Hebrew: בני פלד; April 18, 1928 – July 13, 2002) was the commander of the Israeli Air Force during the Yom Kippur War and Operation Entebbe. He retired with the rank of Aluf (major general).

Aluf
Aluf (Hebrew: אלוף, lit. 'champion' or "first/leader of a group" in Biblical Hebrew) is a senior military rank in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) for officers who in other countries would have the rank of general, air marshal, or admiral. In addition to the aluf rank, four other ranks' names are derivatives of aluf (for which abbreviations can be used), together constituting the five highest ranks in the IDF.
Hoyt Radio Tower
Hoyt Radio Tower is the tallest man-made structure in Colorado and one of the tallest structures in the world. Hoyt Radio Tower is a 608.1-metre (1,995 ft) tall guyed mast near Hoyt, Colorado (50 km east-northeast of Denver).

It was built in 2003 by Acme Towers, LLC, and is currently owned and operated by Pillar Ministries, Inc. for FM-broadcasting, stations KSRC and KFCO, as well as emergency services.  Unlike shorter towers, which are painted red and white in seven alternating bands for aircraft warning, the Hoyt Radio Tower is unpainted and uses strobe lights for aircraft warning.

The Hoyt Radio Tower's basement is situated 1,509 metres (4,951 ft) above sea level, making it not only one of the world's tallest structures but also one of the few supertall structures in the world whose basement is situated at an altitude over 1,000 metres (3,300 ft).

KSRC
KSRC (101.5 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Watkins, Colorado, and serving the Denver metropolitan area. It is owned by Pillar of Fire and airs a Christian adult contemporary format branded as "Star 101.5". Its studios are located on Parker Road in Aurora.

KSRC has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 97,000 watts at 625 meters (2,051 ft) in height above average terrain (HAAT), and broadcasts from a tower about 60 miles northeast of Denver near Leader, shared with sister station KFCO. Because of the station's weak signal strength in Downtown Denver, as well as in the western suburbs (Arvada, Lakewood, and Wheat Ridge), there is a 20,000 watt co-channel booster station in Commerce City, KSRC-FM1, which helps the signal reach closer to Denver.
Blaž Kavčič (politician)
Blaž Kavčič (born 3 October 1951 in Ljubljana) is a Slovenian politician and economist.

From 2007 to 2012, Kavčič was president of the National Council (Slovenian: Državni svet). He was elected to the council by electors of the Kranj part of Upper Carniola in November 2007.

He lives with his family in Forme, Škofja Loka municipality.

Kranj
Kranj (pronounced [ˈkɾàːn] ⓘ, German: Krainburg) is the fourth-largest city in Slovenia and the largest urban center of the traditional region of Upper Carniola (northwestern Slovenia) and the Slovene Alps. It is located approximately 20 kilometres (12 miles) northwest of the national capital Ljubljana, acting as the seat of the City Municipality of Kranj.
Dysphagia lusoria
Dysphagia lusoria (or Bayford-Autenrieth dysphagia) is an abnormal condition characterized by difficulty in swallowing caused by an aberrant right subclavian artery. It was discovered by David Bayford in 1761 and first reported in a paper by the same in 1787.

Subclavian artery
In human anatomy, the subclavian arteries are paired major arteries of the upper thorax, below the clavicle. They receive blood from the aortic arch. The left subclavian artery supplies blood to the left arm and the right subclavian artery supplies blood to the right arm, with some branches supplying the head and thorax. On the left side of the body, the subclavian comes directly off the aortic arch, while on the right side it arises from the relatively short brachiocephalic artery when it bifurcates into the subclavian and the right common carotid artery.

The usual branches of the subclavian on both sides of the body are the vertebral artery, the internal thoracic artery, the thyrocervical trunk, the costocervical trunk and the dorsal scapular artery, which may branch off the transverse cervical artery, which is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk. The subclavian becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib.
Tunde Bakare
Tunde Bakare Listenⓘ (Born 11 November 1954) is a Nigerian prophetic-apostolic pastor. He studied law at the University of Lagos, practiced law before opening his law firm, and left the profession to work as a pastor. He worked as a legal adviser at the Deeper Life Bible Church, but later moved to the Redeemed Christian Church of God, where he became pastor and founded the Model Parish. Following his time at the Redeemed Christian Church of God, Bakare left to start the Latter Rain Assembly Church. In addition to his time in the church, Bakare was the running-mate of Nigerian presidential candidate Muhammadu Buhari in the 2011 Nigerian presidential election. Bakare has been critical of Nigeria's leadership and has sparked controversy with inflammatory comments regarding Muslims and other spiritual leaders. In 2019, Bakare announced his intention to run for president of Nigeria following the end of Buhari's second term in 2023.

Redeemed Christian Church of God
The Redeemed Christian Church of God (RCCG) is a holiness pentecostal megachurch and denomination headquartered in Ebute Metta, Lagos, Nigeria. With presence in 197 countries and territories of the world and more than 5 million members in Nigeria alone, it is one of the biggest church denominations in the world with over 9 million members worldwide.

After the death of founder Pa Josiah Akindayomi in 1980, pastor E.A. Adeboye, a former university lecturer, became its General Overseer in 1981.
Queen & Country
Queen & Country is an American comic book published by Oni Press and written by Greg Rucka with various artists illustrating.

It was inspired by the British ITV television series The Sandbaggers (1978–1980), which was created and primarily written by Ian Mackintosh. Mackintosh is heavily praised in an essay by Rucka in Issue #1 of Queen & Country.

Eisner Awards
The Will Eisner Comic Industry Awards, commonly shortened to the Eisner Awards, are awards for creative achievement in American comic books. They are regarded as the most prestigious and significant awards in the comic industry and often referred to as the industry's equivalent of the Academy Awards.

The first Eisners were conferred in 1988, for works published in 1987. The Eisner Awards ceremony has been held at San Diego Comic-Con every year since 1991. The awards are named in honor of pioneering cartoonist and writer Will Eisner, who was a regular participant in the ceremony until his death in 2005.

The nominations in each category are generated by a five- to six-member jury, then voted on by comic book professionals. The jury often consists of at least one comics retailer, one librarian (since 2005), and one academic researcher, among other comic experts. As of 2021, awards are presented in 32 categories.
Ivan Michurin (biologist)
Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin (Russian: Иван Владимирович Мичурин; October 27 [O.S. October 15] 1855 – June 7, 1935) was a Russian practitioner of selection to produce new types of crop plants, Honorable Member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, and academician of the Lenin All-Union Academy of Agriculture.

Throughout all his life, Michurin worked to create new sorts of fruit plants. He introduced over 300 new varieties. He was awarded the Order of Lenin and Order of the Red Banner of Labour for his achievements. The town of Michurinsk is named in his honor, as was the Bulgarian town of Tsarevo between 1950 and 1991.

Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union
The Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union was the highest scientific institution of the Soviet Union from 1925 to 1991. It united the country's leading scientists and was subordinated directly to the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (until 1946 the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union).

In 1991, by the decree of the President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Russian Academy of Sciences was established on the basis of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.
Negative Theater
Negative Theater, a European-only CD, is the fifth solo album released by Ric Ocasek.

Negative Theater was originally intended to be Ocasek's fourth solo effort, consisting of a double CD and a book of poetry.  However, in North America, Reprise Records declined to release the CD in Ocasek's original form.  Instead, the company took seven tracks from Ocasek's project, and had him record seven additional tracks with producer Mike Shipley. The resulting record was issued as Quick Change World in North America only.

For European release, Negative Theater was issued as a fifteen track CD.  It included the seven "Left Side" tracks that were issued on Quick Change World, and eight tracks that are exclusive to this album.

Mike Shipley
Michael Shipley (7 October 1956 – 25 July 2013) was an Australian mixing engineer, audio engineer, and record producer. He mostly worked in Los Angeles during his career of more than 30 years. At the Grammy Awards of 2012 he won the Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical for working on Paper Airplane (April 2011) by Alison Krauss and Union Station. Shipley died in July 2013, aged 56, of an apparent suicide.
Shepherd's Pipe Carol
The "Shepherd's Pipe Carol" is a modern Christmas carol composed by John Rutter. Rutter composed the carol whilst he was an undergraduate at university in 1966 with it being published a year later at the behest of David Willcocks.

David Willcocks
Sir David Valentine Willcocks, CBE MC (30 December 1919 – 17 September 2015) was a British choral conductor, organist, composer and music administrator.  He was particularly well known for his association with the Choir of King's College, Cambridge, which he directed from 1957 to 1974, making frequent broadcasts and recordings.  Several of the descants and carol arrangements he wrote for the annual service of Nine Lessons and Carols were published in the series of books Carols for Choirs which he edited along with Reginald Jacques and John Rutter.  He was also director of the Royal College of Music in London.

During the Second World War (1939–1945) he served as an officer in the British Army, and was decorated with the Military Cross for his actions on Hill 112 during the Battle of Normandy in July 1944. His elder son, Jonathan Willcocks, is also a composer.
Mae Mali
Mae Mali (Thai: แม่มะลิ, pronounced [mɛ́ː.má.lí], lit. 'mother jasmine') is a female hippopotamus living in Thailand. She is believed to be the longest-living hippopotamus in captivity in the world. Currently, she resides at Khao Kheow Open Zoo in Chonburi province, in the eastern Thailand.

Jasmine
Jasmine (botanical name: Jasminum, pronounced /ˈjæsmɪnəm/ YAS-min-əm) is a genus of shrubs and vines in the olive family of Oleaceae.: 193  It contains around 200 species native to tropical and warm temperate regions of Eurasia, Africa, and Oceania.: 194  Jasmines are widely cultivated for the characteristic fragrance of their flowers.

The village of Shubra Beloula in Egypt grows most of the jasmine used by the global perfume industry.
Demba (film)
Demba is a 2024 Fula language drama film written and directed by Mamadou Dia. Starring Ben Mahmoud Mbow in titular role, the film follows a man struggling with grief and depression as the anniversary of his wife's death nears; but he finds solace in reconnecting with his estranged son.

The film had its world premiere at the Encounters section of the 74th Berlin International Film Festival, on 17 February 2024. It was selected as the Senegalese entry for Best International Feature Film at the 98th Academy Awards, but was not on the list of films accepted by the academy.

Encounters (Berlinale)
Encounters was a section of the Berlin International Film Festival's official selection. It was established in 2020 when the new leadership inaugurated, and the competitive section was aimed to introduce both narrative films and documentaries with innovative and independent perspective.

In 2025, following Carlo Chatrian and Mariette Rissenbeek dismissal, the section was officially dropped by the new festival heading team.
Barry O'Neil
Barry O'Neil (1865 – 1918) was a film director and writer. His real name was Thomas J. McCarthy. He directed several Thanhouser films including the production company's first two-reeler, Romeo and Juliet. He went on to work for Lubin and then World Film Corporation.

He was born in New York City.

O'Neil married actress Nellie Walters. In 1913 O'Neil was elected to The Lambs as a non-resident member. He died of apoplexy.

In 1910 and 1911 he filmed adaptations of a couple William Shakespeare plays. In 1915 he filmed a version of McTeague in Death Valley released as Life's Whirlpool. William E. Hamilton was an assistant director to O'Neil.

Thanhouser Company
The Thanhouser Company (later the Thanhouser Film Corporation) was one of the first motion picture studios, founded in 1909 by Edwin Thanhouser, his wife Gertrude and his brother-in-law Lloyd Lonergan. It operated in New York City until 1920, producing over a thousand films.
Badarpur Thermal Power Station
Badarpur Thermal Power Station was a Power Station located at Badarpur area in NCT Delhi. The power plant was one of the coal based power plants of NTPC. The National Power Training Institute (NPTI) for North India Region under Ministry of Power, Government of India was established at Badarpur in 1974, within the Badarpur Thermal power plant (BTPS) complex. The power plant permanently shut down on 15 October 2018.

Ministry of Power (India)
The Ministry of Power (IAST: Ooṛja Mantrālaya) is a ministry of the Government of India. It is mainly responsible for the maintenance and regulation of Power sector in India.  It is headed by Minister of Power.

The ministry is charged with overseeing electricity production and infrastructure development, including generation, transmission, and delivery, as well as maintenance projects.

The ministry acts as a liaison between the central government and state electricity operations, as well as with the private sector.
Eliezer the Astronomer
Eliezer the Astronomer (Hebrew: אליעזר החוזה or התוכן; fl. 16th century) was a German Jewish scholar, known for his contributions to astrological literature.

He authored Ge Ḥizzayon ('Valley of Vision'), an astrological compilation that draws from Hebrew, Arabic, and Latin sources. The work references Abraham bar Ḥiyya ha-Nasi, Ibn Ezra, Andruzagar, Albumasar, 'Ali ibn Riḍwan, 'Ali ibn Rajil, Leopold of Austria, Johannes, Guido Bonatti, and possibly Copernicus, as suggested by Dukes.

In the introduction to Ge Ḥizzayon, Eliezer mentions that he began a great work on astrology, a chapter of which, titled Reshit Ḥokmah, is dedicated to Ibn Ezra. There is some uncertainty about whether the Sefer ha-Goralot (Vatican Manuscript no. 216), which bears the name "Eliezer," was authored by him. Similar uncertainty surrounds Vatican Manuscript no. 477, which contains a commentary on Ptolemy's Centiloquium and is also attributed to someone named Eliezer.

Abraham ibn Ezra
Abraham ben Meir Ibn Ezra (Hebrew: ר׳ אַבְרָהָם בֶּן מֵאִיר אִבְּן עֶזְרָא, romanized: ʾAḇrāhām ben Mēʾir ʾibən ʾEzrāʾ, often abbreviated as ראב״ע; Arabic: إبراهيم المجيد ابن عزرا Ibrāhim al-Mājid ibn Ezra; also known as Abenezra or simply ibn Ezra, 1089 / 1092 – 27 January 1164 / 23 January 1167) was one of the most distinguished Jewish biblical commentators and philosophers of the Middle Ages. He was born in Tudela, Taifa of Zaragoza (now Navarre).
Hoyte
Hoyte is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Desmond Hoyte (1929–2002), Guyanese politician, Prime Minister of Guyana from 1984 to 1985 and President of Guyana from 1985 until 1992

Gavin Hoyte (born 1990), Trinidadian footballer

James Hoyte (fl. 1985–?), Fijian footballer

Jason Hoyte (fl. 1996–present), New Zealand actor

John Hoyte (1835–1913), British painter

Justin Hoyte (born 1984), British former footballer

Lenon Hoyte (1905–1999), American doll collector

Oliver Hoyte (born 1984), American former football player

Ricky Hoyte (born 1969), West Indian former cricketer

Trevor Hoyte (athlete) (born 1957), English former sprinter

Trevor Hoyte (Canadian football) (born 1998), Canadian football player

Wendy Hoyte (born 1957), British former sprinter

Ricky Hoyte
Ricky Hoyte (born 15 October 1969) is a former West Indian cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and a wicket-keeper. He played first-class and List A cricket for Barbados in West Indian domestic cricket from 1990 to 1999. He didn't play Test cricket or One Day Internationals for West Indies but did play for them at "A" Team level. His father (David Murray) and grandfather (Everton Weekes) both played Test cricket for the West Indies.
Romi Mankin
Romi Mankin (born November 7, 1947) is an Estonian physicist known for his work in the field of stochastic processes. Currently he holds a post in Tallinn University as a Professor of Theoretical Physics. He is well published having published many articles in both the Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences and in the various sections of Physical Review (typically E but also D). and other major journals.

In 2002 he was awarded the Estonian Physical Society Annual Award. This was for his contribution to the development of stochastical physics in the area of noise-induced phase transitions and transfer phenomena.

Estonian Physical Society
The Estonian Physical Society (Eesti Füüsika Selts, EFS) is a voluntary not-for-profit research society bringing together all those active in physics in Estonia. The EFS was established in 1989 and is affiliated with the Estonian Academy of Sciences (Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia) and is a European Physical Society Member Society.
Robert D. Gregg
Robert D. Gregg is an American bioengineer, roboticist, inventor and academic. He is an associate professor at the University of Michigan.

Gregg is most known for his works on bipedal locomotion control and wearable robotics. His research focuses on integrating human biomechanics insights into robot control algorithms, improving natural movement efficiency. His work has targeted enhancing mobility for individuals with disabilities, particularly through robotic prosthetic legs mimicking natural gait patterns to reduce asymmetry. He has overseen clinical trials using wearable robots for injury prevention in workplaces, elderly mobility enhancement, and restoring natural locomotion for above-knee amputees.

He is the recipient of the 2013 NIH Director's New Innovator Award and 2017 National Science Foundation CAREER Award.

Biomechanics
Biomechanics is the study of the structure, function and motion of the mechanical aspects of biological systems, at any level from whole organisms to organs, cells and cell organelles, and even proteins using the methods of mechanics. Biomechanics is a branch of biophysics.
Hohenlinden, Mississippi
Hohenlinden is an unincorporated community located in Webster County, Mississippi, United States. Hohenlinden is approximately 17.4 miles (28.0 km) southwest of Houston, Mississippi and was named for the Bavarian village of Hohenlinden, site of the Battle of Hohenlinden in 1800.

Hohenlinden
Hohenlinden (meaning "high linden trees"; colloquially: Linden; in the Bavarian dialect: Hea-lin) is a community in the Upper Bavarian district of Ebersberg. The city of Lynden, Washington is named after it,  as is Linden, Alabama. Hohenlinden is also the subject of an eponymous poem by Thomas Campbell.