hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Conventional tillage
Conventional tillage refers to tillage operations considered standard for a specific location and crop and that tend to bury the crop residues; usually considered as a base for determining the cost effectiveness of erosion control practices.

Erosion control
Erosion control is the practice of preventing or controlling wind or water erosion in agriculture, land development, coastal areas, river banks and construction. Effective erosion controls handle surface runoff and are important techniques in preventing water pollution, soil loss, wildlife habitat loss and human property loss.
Motherhouse
A motherhouse or mother house is the principal house or community for a Catholic religious community. One example is the Missionaries of Charity's motherhouse in Kolkata, which functions as the congregation's headquarters. A motherhouse would normally be where the residence and offices of the religious superior of the community would be located. If the community is divided geographically, it is referred to as the provincial motherhouse and would be where the regional superior would be in residence.

Consecrated life
Consecrated life (also known as religious life) is a state of life in liturgical branches of Christianity (particularly Catholicism, Evangelical Lutheranism, and Anglicanism) lived by those faithful who are called to follow Jesus Christ in a more exacting way. Consecrated life includes individuals living as hermits or consecrated virgins, and those in institutes of consecrated life (religious and secular), and in societies of apostolic life.
Ardak Maratova
Ardak Maratova (born (1994-06-03)3 June 1994) is a Kazakhstani female volleyball player. She is part of the Kazakhstan women's national volleyball team.

She participated in the 2015 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix.
On club level she played for Zhetysu Almaty in 2015.

Kazakhstan women's national volleyball team
The Kazakhstan women's national volleyball team represents Kazakhstan in international volleyball competitions. The team qualified for the 2008 Summer Olympics by ending up in fifth place at the Olympic Qualifier in Japan.
Michael Winter (sport shooter)
Michael Winter (born May 20, 1976 in Munich) is a German sport shooter. Winter represented Germany at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed for all three rifle shooting events.

In his first event, 10 m air rifle, Winter was able to hit a total of 588 points within six attempts, finishing thirty-sixth in the qualifying rounds. Few days later, he placed thirty-first in the 50 m rifle prone, by one target ahead of Switzerland's Marcel Bürge from the final attempt, with a total score of 590 points. In his third and last event, 50 m rifle 3 positions, Winter was able to shoot 396 targets in a prone position, and 385 each in standing and in kneeling, for a total score of 1,166 points, finishing only in seventeenth place.

Shooting at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's 10 metre air rifle
The Men's 10 metre air rifle event at the 2008 Olympic Games took place on August 11 at the Beijing Shooting Range Hall. Abhinav Bindra became the first ever individual Olympic champion of India.

The event consisted of two rounds: a qualifier and a final. In the qualifier, each shooter fired 60 shots with an air rifle at 10 metres distance from the standing position. Scores for each shot were in increments of 1, with a maximum score of 10. Abhinav Bindra became the 1st Individual Olympic Gold Medalist from India.

The top 8 shooters in the qualifying round moved on to the final round. There, they fired an additional 10 shots. These shots scored in increments of 0.1, with a maximum score of 10.9. The total score from all 70 shots was used to determine final ranking.
Torsten Wustlich
Torsten Wustlich (born 2 February 1977 in Annaberg-Buchholz, Saxony) is a German former luger who competed from 1998 to 2010. Together with André Florschütz, he won the silver medal in the men's doubles event at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin.

Wustlich also won nine medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with six golds (Men's doubles: 2001, 2005, 2008; Mixed team: 2005, 2008, 2009) and three silvers (Men's doubles: 2004, 2009; Mixed team: 1999).

His best overall finish at the FIL European Luge Championships was fifth in the men's doubles event twice (2004, 2008).

Wustlich's best overall finish in the men's doubles Luge World Cup was second three times (2000-1, 2003-4, 2004-5).

FIL World Luge Championships
The FIL World Luge Championships, part of the International Luge Federation (FIL) have taken place on an almost annual basis in non-Winter Olympics years since 1955. These championships are shown for artificial tracks. See FIL World Luge Natural Track Championships for all natural track events that have taken place since 1979.
RATAN-600
The RATAN-600 (Russian: РАТАН-600 – радиоастрономический телескоп Академии наук – 600, an acronym for the "Academy of Sciences Radio Telescope – 600") is a radio telescope in Zelenchukskaya, Karachay–Cherkess Republic, Russia.  It comprises a 576 m diameter circle of rectangular radio reflectors and a set of secondary reflectors and receivers, based at an altitude of 970 m. Each of the 895 2×7.4 m reflectors can be angled to reflect incoming radio waves towards a central conical secondary mirror, or to one of five parabolic cylinders. Each secondary reflector is combined with an instrumentation cabin containing various receivers and instruments. The overall effect is that of a partially steerable antenna with a maximum resolving power of a nearly 600 m diameter dish, when using the central conical receiver, making it the world's largest-diameter individual radio telescope. It began operation in 1977.

Cylinder
A cylinder (from Greek  κύλινδρος (kúlindros) 'roller, tumbler') has traditionally been a three-dimensional solid, one of the most basic of curvilinear geometric shapes. In elementary geometry, it is considered a prism with a circle as its base.

A cylinder may also be defined as an infinite curvilinear surface in various modern branches of geometry and topology. The shift in the basic meaning—solid versus surface (as in a solid ball versus sphere surface)—has created some ambiguity with terminology. The two concepts may be distinguished by referring to solid cylinders and cylindrical surfaces. In the literature the unadorned term "cylinder" could refer to either of these or to an even more specialized object, the right circular cylinder.
Sulthan (2021 film)
Sulthan is a 2021 Indian Tamil-language action drama film directed by Bakkiyaraj Kannan and produced by Dream Warrior Pictures. The film stars Karthi in titular role, alongside Rashmika Mandanna and Ramachandra Raju in their debuts in Tamil cinema, while Napoleon, Lal, Yogi Babu and Nawab Shah appear in supporting roles. The soundtrack and score were composed by Vivek–Mervin and Yuvan Shankar Raja respectively, while the cinematography and editing were handled by Sathyan Sooryan and Ruben respectively.

Sulthan was released in theatres on 2 April 2021. The film became an average venture at the box office, mainly because of theatre closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Napoleon (actor)
Kumaresan Duraisamy (born 2 December 1963), known professionally by his stage name Napoleon, is an Indian actor, entrepreneur and former politician. He was the Minister of State for Social Justice and Empowerment in Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh's cabinet. He has acted predominately in Tamil films apart from some Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada and English movies.
Dobrogeites
Dobrogeites is a genus of ammonoids from the order Ceratitida, included in the family Megaphyllitidae that produced evolute compressed planispiral shells with rounded venters, inner whorls ornamented as in Tirolites, outer whorls smooth, suture with multiple smooth lobes; Initially found in Anisian (lower Triassic) sediments in Romania.

The Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part L put Dobrogeites in the Ceratitacean family Aplococeratidae.  E.T. Tozer in 1981 includes the genus in the Megaphyllitidae,  uniting it with Megaphyllites, Metasturia, and Nitanoceras.

Ceratitida
Ceratitida is an order that contains almost all ammonoid cephalopod genera from the Triassic as well as ancestral forms from the Upper Permian, the exception being the phylloceratids which gave rise to the great diversity of post-Triassic ammonites.

Ceratitids overwhelmingly produced planospirally coiled discoidal shells that may be evolute with inner whorls exposed or involute with only the outer whorl showing. In a few later forms the shell became subglobular, in others, trochoidal or uncoiled. Sutures are typically ceratitic, with smooth saddles and serrate or digitized lobes. In a few the sutures are goniatitic while in others they are ammonitic.
Obaidullah (detainee)
Obaidullah (born 1980) is a citizen of Afghanistan who was one of the last remaining Afghan detainees  held in extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Bay detention camp, in Cuba. He was captured as an Enemy combatant on July 20, 2002, transferred to Guantanamo on October 28, 2002, and transferred to the United Arab Emirates on August 15, 2016. Obaidullah was released and repatriated to Afghanistan on 23 December 2019.

Obaidullah's Guantanamo Internment Serial Number is 762. American intelligence analysts estimate that Obaidullah was born in 1980 in Khost, Afghanistan.

Khost
Khost (Pashto, Dari: خوست) is a city in eastern Afghanistan, serving as the capital of Khost Province. The city is within the jurisdiction of Khost District and has an estimated population of 170,615 people. It is the largest city in the southeastern part of the country, and also the largest in the region of Loya Paktia.

Khost is home to Shaikh Zayed University. The Khost International Airport is located in the eastern area of the city. The current mayor of the city is Mufti Shahzad Noor Rashid. His predecessor was Bismillah Bilal.
Stratton Parker syndrome
Stratton Parker syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by short stature, Wormian bones (extra cranial bones), and dextrocardia (displaced heart). Other symptoms include dermatoglyphics, tooth deformities or missing teeth, abnormal kidney development, shortened limbs, intellectual disability, undescended testes or cryptorchidism, and anal atresia. The condition was first described by Stratton and Parker in 1989, and there have been only four reported cases worldwide.

Alternative names include "growth hormone deficiency with Wormian bones, cardiac anomaly, and brachycamptodactyly" and "short stature Wormian bones dextrocardia"

Dermatoglyphics
Dermatoglyphics (from Ancient Greek derma, "skin", and glyph, "carving") is the scientific study of fingerprints, lines, mounts and shapes of hands, as distinct from the superficially similar pseudoscience of palmistry.

Dermatoglyphics also refers to the making of naturally occurring ridges on certain body parts, namely palms, fingers, soles, and toes. These are areas where hair usually does not grow, and these ridges allow for increased leverage when picking up objects or walking barefoot.

In a 2009 report, the scientific basis underlying dermatoglyphics was questioned by the National Academy of Sciences, for the discipline's reliance on subjective comparisons instead of conclusions drawn from the scientific method.
Show-Score
Show-Score is an independent leisure website founded in 2015 as a New York City theatre review aggregator, community review site, and ticket finder. It has been likened to "the Rotten Tomatoes for theatre" and also to TripAdvisor, and provides a 'leaderboard' of most active reviewers and most liked shows. However, it is not limited to numerical reviews. As of March 2017 its userbase of 125,000 had submitted nearly 200,000 reviews, an increase of more than 50% over August 2016. Founded by Tom Melcher and co-founded by Deeksha Gaur, it is currently focused on New York City, but hopes to expand by virtue of increased funding received in early 2017. It has been used as a source for USA Today, ABC News, and others.
It was acquired by TodayTix in July 2020, and is now part of the TodayTix Group along with London Theatre, New York Theatre Guide, Broadway Roulette and Goldstar.

Tripadvisor
Tripadvisor is an American company that operates online travel agencies, comparison shopping websites, and mobile apps with user-generated content.

Its namesake brand, Tripadvisor.com, operates in 40 countries and 20 languages, and features approximately 1 billion reviews and opinions on roughly 8 million establishments. The company's other brands include Bokun.io, Cruise Critic, FlipKey, TheFork, Holiday Lettings, Housetrip, Jetsetter, Singleplatform, Niumba, SeatGuru, and Viator. The company is headquartered in Needham, Massachusetts.

In 2023, Tripadvisor earned 25 percent of its revenues from Expedia Group and Booking Holdings and their subsidiaries, primarily for pay-per-click advertising.

Matt Goldberg is Tripadvisor's CEO and president.
Väinämöinen's Song
Väinämöinen's Song (in Finnish: Väinön virsi; sometimes translated to English simply as Väinö's Song), Op. 110, is a single-movement, patriotic cantata for mixed choir and orchestra written in 1926 by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius. The piece, which is a setting of Runo XLIII (lines 385–434) of the Kalevala, Finland's national epic, is chronologically the final of Sibelius's nine orchestral cantatas; in particular, it belongs to the series of four "little known, but beautiful" cantatas from the composer's mature period that also includes My Own Land (Op. 92, 1918), Song of the Earth (Op. 93, 1919), and Hymn of the Earth (Op. 95, 1920). Väinämöinen's Song premiered on 28 June 1926 in Sortavala, Finland.

Patriotism
Patriotism is the feeling of love, devotion, and a sense of attachment to one's country or state. This attachment can be a combination of different feelings for things such as the language of one's homeland, and its ethnic, cultural, political, or historical aspects. It may encompass a set of concepts closely related to nationalism, mostly civic nationalism and sometimes cultural nationalism.
Explorateur
The Explorateur (French pronunciation: [ɛksplɔʁatœʁ] ⓘ) is a soft-ripened French triple cream cow's-milk cheese made in the Île-de-France region of France.

Created in the 1950s, it was named to honor the first US Satellite, Explorer.  As a triple creme, the fat content of its dry matter is about 75%.: 215   It has a squat cylindrical shape, and has a smooth, unpressed texture.: 215

Its name is a registered trademark of its manufacturer.

Explorer 1
Explorer 1 was the first satellite launched by the United States in 1958 and was part of the U.S. participation in the International Geophysical Year (IGY). The mission followed the first two satellites, both launched by the Soviet Union during the previous year, Sputnik 1 and Sputnik 2. This began a Space Race during the Cold War between the two nations.

Explorer 1 was launched on 1 February 1958 at 03:47:56 GMT (or 31 January 1958 at 22:47:56 Eastern Time) atop the first Juno I booster from LC-26A at the Cape Canaveral Missile Test Center of the Atlantic Missile Range (AMR), in Florida. It was the first spacecraft to detect the Van Allen radiation belt, returning data until its batteries were exhausted after nearly four months. It remained in orbit until 1970.

Explorer 1 was given Satellite Catalog Number 00004 and the Harvard designation 1958 Alpha 1, the forerunner to the modern International Designator.
Betty Siegel
Betty L. Siegel (January 24, 1931 – February 11, 2020) was an author and president of Kennesaw State University. She was the first female president of the University System of Georgia. She served in that position for 25 years, making her the longest serving female president of a state university in the United States.

In 2007 Siegel was President Emeritus and Distinguished Chair of Leadership, Ethics & Character at Kennesaw State University.

Kennesaw, Georgia
Kennesaw is a suburban city northwest of Atlanta in Cobb County, Georgia, United States, located within the greater Atlanta metropolitan area. Known from its original settlement in the 1830s until 1887 as Big Shanty, it became Kennesaw under an 1887 charter. According to the 2020 census, Kennesaw had a population of 33,036, a 10.9% increase in population over the preceding decade. Kennesaw has an important place in railroad history. During the Civil War, Kennesaw was the staging ground for the Great Locomotive Chase on April 12, 1862. Kennesaw is home to Kennesaw State University, an R2 research institution and the third-largest public university in the state of Georgia.
Moolooite
Moolooite is a rare blue-green mineral with the formula Cu(C2O4)·n(H2O) (n<1) (copper(II) oxalate hydrate).  It was discovered in Bunbury Well, Mooloo Downs station, Murchison, Western Australia in 1986. It has an orthorhombic crystalline structure, and is formed by the interaction of bird guano with weathering copper sulfides.

A second occurrence is reported from the Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines silver mining district of Vosges Mountains, France.

Vosges
The Vosges (/voʊʒ/ VOHZH, French: [voʒ] ⓘ; German: Vogesen [voˈɡeːzn̩] ⓘ; Franconian and Alemannic German: Vogese) is a range of medium mountains in Eastern France, near its border with Germany. Together with the Palatine Forest to the north on the German side of the border, they form a single geomorphological unit and low mountain range of around 8,000 km2 (3,100 sq mi) in area. It runs in a north-northeast direction from the Burgundian Gate (the Belfort–Ronchamp–Lure line) to the Börrstadt Basin (the Winnweiler–Börrstadt–Göllheim line), and forms the western boundary of the Upper Rhine Plain.

The Grand Ballon is the highest peak at 1,424 m (4,672 ft), followed by the Storkenkopf (1,366 m, 4,482 ft), and the Hohneck (1,364 m, 4,475 ft).
Annals of the Former World
Annals of the Former World is a book on geology written by John McPhee and published in 1998 by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. It won the 1999 Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction.

The book presents a geological history of North America, and was researched and written over the course of two decades beginning in 1978. It consists of a compilation of five books, the first four of which were previously published as Basin and Range (1981), In Suspect Terrain (1983), Rising from the Plains (1986), and Assembling California (1993), plus a final book, Crossing the Craton. A narrative table of contents provides an overview of the project, which largely consisted of a series of road journeys by McPhee across the North American continent in the company of noted geologists.

In 2023, the composers and artists John P. Hastings and Benjamin Mayock completed a visual and audio translation of the book entitled The Former World.

Historical geology
Historical geology or palaeogeology is a discipline that uses the principles and methods of geology to reconstruct the geological history of Earth. Historical geology examines the vastness of geologic time, measured in billions of years, and investigates changes in the Earth, gradual and sudden, over this deep time. It focuses on geological processes, such as plate tectonics, that have changed the Earth's surface and subsurface over time and the use of methods including stratigraphy, structural geology, paleontology, and sedimentology to tell the sequence of these events. It also focuses on the evolution of life during different time periods in the geologic time scale.
La mañana de cada día
La mañana de cada día (Spanish for 'the morning of every day') is a Paraguayan morning television show. It has been broadcast since October 16, 1989 on SNT. It is the longest running show on Paraguayan television.

Television in Paraguay
Television in Paraguay is most important among the country's mass media. Television programming is dominated by telenovelas, series, and news programming. Analog broadcasts are scheduled to end in phases between December 31, 2024 (in Asunción) and 2029 (when the last inland analog transmitters will be switched off).

The majority of the Paraguayan population has access to free-to-air television (over-the-air channels, mostly analog). On the other hand, pay television service (mostly digital) has increased in recent years, reaching more than 600,000 subscribers in 2018.
Cesi, Terni
Cesi is a frazione of the Italian comune of Terni, in the province of Terni, southern Umbria, Italy. The small borgo, which retains its late-medieval aspect, set among olive groves, lies "stretched out lengthwise along a narrow contour on the slopes of M. Torre Maggiore," about 18 km north of Terni at an altitude of 437 m, one of the southernmost peaks of the Monti Martani. As of 2001 there were 682 residents.

Umbria
Umbria (/ˈʌmbriə/ UM-bree-ə; Italian: [ˈumbrja]) is a region of central Italy. It includes Lake Trasimeno and Marmore Falls, and is crossed by the Tiber. It is the only landlocked region on the Apennine Peninsula. The capital is Perugia. The region has 851,954 inhabitants as of 2025.

The region is characterized by hills, mountains, thick forests, valleys and historical towns such as the university centre of Perugia, Assisi (a World Heritage Site associated with St. Francis of Assisi), Terni, Norcia, Città di Castello, Gubbio, Spoleto, Orvieto, Todi, Castiglione del Lago, Narni, Amelia, Spello and other small cities.
Bothwell Water
The Bothwell Water is a river in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland. It rises in the Lammermuir Hills near Caldercleugh and continues past the Upper Monynut Forest, Crichness, Bothwell Hill, and the village of Bothwell, when it joins the Whiteadder Water.

Scottish Borders
The Scottish Borders (Scottish Gaelic: Crìochan na h-Alba; Scots: The Mairches), often shortened to the Borders within Scotland, is one of the country's 32 council areas. It is bordered by West Lothian, Edinburgh, Midlothian, and East Lothian to the north, the North Sea to the east, Dumfries and Galloway to the south-west, South Lanarkshire to the west, and the English ceremonial counties of Cumbria and Northumberland to the south. The area's largest settlement is Galashiels; its administrative centre is Newtown St Boswells.

The term "Scottish Borders" is also used for the areas of southern Scotland and northern England that bound the Anglo-Scottish border, namely Dumfries and Galloway, Scottish Borders, Northumberland, and Cumbria. The council area occupies approximately the same area as the historic shires of Berwickshire, Peeblesshire, Roxburghshire, and Selkirkshire.
Bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite
Bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite is an organophosphite used as a polymer stabilizer in plastics. Like other phosphite antioxidants it primarily acts to remove hydroperoxides and is typically used in combination with hindered phenolic antioxidants such as pentaerythritol tetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate).

Antioxidant
Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit oxidation, a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals. Autoxidation leads to degradation of organic compounds, including living matter. Antioxidants are frequently added to industrial products, such as polymers, fuels, and lubricants, to extend their usable lifetimes. Foods are also treated with antioxidants to prevent spoilage, in particular the rancidification of oils and fats. In cells, antioxidants such as glutathione, mycothiol, or bacillithiol, and enzyme systems like superoxide dismutase, inhibit damage from oxidative stress.

Dietary antioxidants are vitamins A, C, and E, but the term has also been applied to various compounds that exhibit antioxidant properties in vitro, having little evidence for antioxidant properties in vivo. Dietary supplements marketed as antioxidants have not been shown to maintain health or prevent disease in humans.