hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stanisław Czapliński
Stanisław Czapliński (Drogoslaw coat of arms) was a colonel of the Polish Army in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, who participated in the Polish–Muscovite War (1605–18), the so-called Dymitriad. His date of birth is unknown, and he died in 1618.

In 1609, Czapliński commanded a cavalry unit in the army of False Dmitry II. In 1616, following the death of Aleksander Jozef Lisowski, he was named commander of the Lisowczycy. In 1617, together with his men, he captured the town of Meshchovsk, and destroyed the troops of Knyaz Dmitry Pozharsky near Kaluga. Czapliński was probably killed somewhere in Russia during the war.

Kaluga
Kaluga (Russian: Калу́га, IPA: [kɐˈɫuɡə] ⓘ) is a city and the administrative center of Kaluga Oblast, Russia. It stands on the Oka River 150 kilometers (93 mi) southwest of Moscow. Its population was 337,058 at the 2021 census.

Kaluga's most famous resident, the space travel pioneer Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, worked there as a school teacher from 1892 to 1935. The Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics in Kaluga is dedicated to his theoretical achievements and to their practical implementations for modern space research, hence the motto on the city's coat of arms: Колыбель Космонавтики, Kolybélʹ kosmonávtiki ("The Cradle of Space-Exploration").
Ours Is the Storm
Ours Is the Storm is the sixth studio album by German melodic death metal band Neaera. It was released on 1 March 2013 through Metal Blade Records, after the band extended their recording deal with the label. A performance video was made for the single "Decolonize the Mind".

The band promoted the album with a European tour on February and March 2013, supported by Bury Tomorrow and The Defiled. They also performed at Germany's Queens Of Metal Open Air in late August, among various other bands.

The Defiled
The Defiled were a four-piece British band from London mixing groove-laden hardcore/metal with electronic music influences. They have been described by Kerrang! magazine as "The saviours of UK Metal" and championed by Metal Hammer as one of the leaders in a new wave of British metal along with bands such as While She Sleeps, Bury Tomorrow and Devil Sold His Soul. The band have built a fanbase following support slots with bands such as Murderdolls, Static-X, Godsmack, Deathstars and Motionless in White as well as playing Bloodstock, Download and Sonisphere festivals.
Metapterygota
Metapterygota is a clade of winged insects containing order Odonata and Infraclass Neoptera. They share morphological characteristics of a loss of caudal filaments and a subimago stage. Genetically the clade is supported by similarities in the mitochondrial genomes.

Panorpida
Panorpida or Mecopterida is a Superorder of Holometabola. The conjectured monophyly of the Panorpida is historically based on morphological evidence, namely the reduction or loss of the ovipositor and several internal characteristics, including a muscle connecting a pleuron and the first axillary sclerite at the base of the wing, various features of the larval maxilla and labium, and basal fusion of CuP and A1 veins in the hind wings. The monophyly of the Panorpida is supported by recent molecular data.
Cap. Alex H. Bosquez Airport
Calzada Larga Airport is a general aviation airport serving Caimitillo, a town in  the Panamá Province of Panama.

The Tocumen VOR-DME (Ident: TUM) is located 11.0 nautical miles (20.4 km) southeast of the airport.

Panamá Province
Panamá is a province of Panama. It is the location of the national capital Panama City, which also serves as the provincial capital. The governor of the province is Mayín Correa, appointed by President José Raul Mulino.
Pattinapakkam
Pattinapakkam (transl. Starvation) is a 2018 Indian Tamil-language thriller film written and directed by Jayadev. The film stars Kalaiyarasan and Anaswara Kumar in the leading roles, with Chaya Singh, Manoj K. Jayan, Yog Japee, John Vijay, M. S. Bhaskar, and Charle in supporting roles. Featuring music composed by Ishaan Dev, the film which began production in 2015 which was met with a couple of unexpected delays, finally managed to release in theatres on 23 November 2018. by Sony Pictures India. The film is the remake of Malayalam movie Ee Adutha Kalathu

M. S. Bhaskar
Muthupettai Somu Bhaskar (born 13 September 1957)  is an Indian actor and dubbing artiste who appears in Tamil films. An theatre artist, debuted in the film  Thirumathi Oru Vegumathi (1987), and did several minor roles in the 1990s and got his major breakthrough in Engal Anna (2004). He is credited as one of the finest character artists in Tamil cinema.

In addition to acting, Bhaskar is an occasional playback singer as well. He is best known for his performances in the series Chinna Papa Periya Papa (2000), Selvi (2005) and Arasi (2007).

He won the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Character Artiste for Mozhi (2007), the SIIMA Award for the Best Actor in a Supporting Role for 8 Thottakkal (2017), the Ananda Vikatan Cinema Award for Best Villain as well as National Film Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for his performance in Parking (2023).
Regionalliga
A Regionalliga (German pronunciation: [ʁeɡi̯oˈnaːlˌliːɡa], plural Regionalligen) is a regional league in numerous sports governing bodies in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, usually located in the upper or middle tiers of the sports leagues.

The term is often associated with the German football league system where it is the fourth tier or one of the three divisions of Regionalliga in Austria, which represent the third tier in that country. Until 1974, Regionalliga was the second tier in Germany. In 1994, it was reintroduced as the third tier. Upon the creation of the new Germany-wide 3. Liga in 2008, it became the fourth tier. While all of the clubs in the top three divisions of German football are professional, the Regionalliga has a mixture of professional and semi-professional clubs.

Sports league
A sports league is a group of individual athletes, sports teams or clubs who form a league to compete against each other and gain points in a specific sport. At its simplest, it may be a local group of amateur athletes who form teams among themselves and compete periodically, at its most complex, it can be an international professional league making large amounts of money and involving dozens of teams and thousands of players.
Leptozestis euryplaca
Leptozestis euryplaca is a moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. It was described by Oswald Bertram Lower in 1893. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from South Australia and Queensland.

Oswald Bertram Lower
Oswald Bertram Lower (28 February 1864 in Norwood, South Australia – 18 March 1925 in Wayville, South Australia) was an Australian chemist and pharmacist who is best known for his contributions to entomology, in particular butterflies and moths. His collection is now at the South Australian Museum.

In 1909 he married Eva Linda May (Davies) Lower. The couple had two sons: Oswald Bertram and Raymond Brackleigh.
Tafsir al-Samarqandi
Baḥr al-ʿUlūm (Arabic: بَحْرُ الْعُلُومِ, lit. 'The Sea of Knowledge'), commonly known as Tafsir al-Samarqandi (Arabic: تفسير السمرقندي, lit. 'The Commentary of al-Samarqandī') authored by 10th-century Sunni scholar Abū al-Layth al-Samarqandī. It stands as one of the earliest comprehensive Qurʾānic commentaries, and is regarded as one of the “maṣādir” (primary sources) in tafsīr. It is classified as tafsīr bi-l-maʾthūr (based on transmitted reports), drawing from the Qur'an, hadith, sayings of the Companions, and the Followers (Tabi'un and Tabi' al-Tabi'in). In this tafsīr, al-Samarqandī combines linguistic, juristic, and theological analysis with moral and spiritual reflection, making it a rich resource for both scholars and students. He rarely cites weak reports, and when he does, he mentions them cautiously.

Tabi' al-Tabi'in
The Tābiʿū al-Tābʿīn (Arabic: تَابِعُو ٱلتَّابِعِينَ, singular Tābiʿ al-Tābʿīn تَابِعُ ٱلتَّابِعِينَ) is the generation of muslims after the Tābi‘ūn in Islam.

The view of the Sunnis and the Salafis is that the first generation of Muslims are called the companions of Muhammad. The second generation of Muslims are called tābi‘ūn "Successors". The third generation are called tabi‘ū al-tabi‘īn "successors of the Successors". The three generations make up the Salaf-us-Saalih the "Pious Predecessors", of Islam.
Ellen Ugland
Ellen Ugland (19 May 1953 in Grimstad – 6 December 2010 in Bærum) was a Norwegian billionaire

She was the widow of billionaire Johan Jørgen Ugland (1921-2010) who she had married on 15 May 1989. Her husband died on 28 March 2010. She was found dead in her apartment in Lysaker, Bærum on 6 December 2010. Shortly after her body was found the police announced the death to be suspicious.

Billionaire
A billionaire is a person whose net worth is at least one billion units of a given currency, typically USD. It is a sub-category of the concept of the ultra high-net-worth individual. The American business magazine Forbes produces a global list of known U.S. dollar billionaires every year and updates an internet version of this list in real time. The American oil magnate John D. Rockefeller became the world's first confirmed billionaire in 1916.

Nineteen individuals had attained the status of centibillionaires, each with a net worth of at least $100 billion, as of January 2026. As of March 2025, there are 3028 billionaires worldwide, with a combined wealth of over $16.1 trillion, up nearly $2 trillion over 2024.
Big Wave Bay
Big Wave Bay or Tai Long Wan (Chinese: 大浪灣) is the name of several bays in Hong Kong:

Big Wave Bay, Hong Kong Island

Big Wave Bay Beach, Hong Kong

Tai Long Wan, Chi Ma Wan

Tai Long Wan, Sai Kung

Tai Long Wan, Shek Pik

Big Wave Bay, Hong Kong Island
Big Wave Bay or Tai Long Wan (大浪灣) is a bay in the Southern District of Hong Kong. It is located on the eastern coast of Hong Kong Island, south of Cape Collinson and north of Shek O. This bay should not be confused with the bay with the same name in Sai Kung.
Breton mutations
Like all modern Celtic languages, Breton is characterised by initial consonant mutations, which are changes to the initial sound of a word caused by certain syntactic or morphological environments.  In addition, Breton, like French, has a number of purely phonological sandhi features caused when certain sounds come into contact with others.

The mutations are divided into four main groups, according to the changes they cause: soft mutation (Breton kemmadurioù dre vlotaat), hard mutation (kemmadurioù dre galetaat), spirant mutation (kemmadurioù c'hwezhadenniñ) and mixed mutation (kemmadurioù mesket).  There are also a number of defective (or incomplete) mutations which affect only certain words or certain letters.

Phonology
Phonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics) is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phonemes or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs. The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety. At one time, the study of phonology related only to the study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages, but now it may relate to any linguistic analysis either:

Sign languages have a phonological system equivalent to the system of sounds in spoken languages. The building blocks of signs are specifications for movement, location, and handshape. At first, a separate terminology was used for the study of sign phonology ("chereme" instead of "phoneme", etc.), but the concepts are now considered to apply universally to all human languages.
Darley Oak
The Darley Oak is a Pedunculate oak tree (Quercus robur) which grows near Darleyford in the parish of Linkinhorne on the edge of Bodmin Moor, Cornwall, Britain, UK. This ancient tree is thought to be at least 1,000 years old, and a considerable number of legends take it as their core. Folk tradition attributes healing properties to the tree, and it is said that any wish made to it will eventually come true. Its acorns are also used as amulets, and were once used by pregnant women during pregnancy, to bring them luck. It was chosen one of the 50 Great British Trees by The Tree Council in 2002.

Linkinhorne
Linkinhorne (Cornish: Lanngenhorn) is a civil parish and village in southeast Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village itself is situated at grid reference SX 320 736 and is approximately four miles (6.4 km) northwest of Callington and seven miles (11 km) south of Launceston. The parish population at the 2011 census including Downgate was 1,541
Burgbernheim station
Burgbernheim station is a railway station in the municipality of Burgbernheim, located in the district of Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim in Middle Franconia, Germany. The station is on the Steinach bei Rothenburg–Bad Windsheim line of Deutsche Bahn.

Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim
Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim (German: Landkreis Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim, official Landkreis Neustadt a.d.Aisch-Bad Windsheim) is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the districts of Würzburg, Kitzingen, Bamberg, Erlangen-Höchstadt, Fürth and Ansbach, and by the state of Baden-Württemberg (district Main-Tauber).
Chiron Harris
Chiron Harris (/ʃaɪˈroʊn/ shy-ROHN) is a fictional character and the protagonist of the 2016 coming-of-age drama film Moonlight. Created by Tarell Alvin McCraney and Barry Jenkins, Chiron is portrayed by Trevante Rhodes as an adult, Ashton Sanders as a teenager, and Alex Hibbert as a child. Chiron goes through the stages of humankind; a child, teenager, and adult, with his close friend, Kevin, who both seek each other as a romantic interest.

The three actors who collectively portrayed the character Chiron were part of the ensemble that won the Critics' Choice Award for Best Acting Ensemble. The actor who played Chiron as an adult, Trevante Rhodes, won several accolades for his performance. He was also nominated for an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture.

Coming-of-age story
In genre studies, a coming-of-age story is a genre of literature, theatre, film, and video game that focuses on the growth of a protagonist from childhood to adulthood, or "coming of age". Coming-of-age stories tend to emphasize dialogue or internal monologue over action and are often set in the past. The subjects of coming-of-age stories are typically teenagers. The Bildungsroman is a specific subgenre of coming-of-age story.

The plot points of coming-of-age stories are usually emotional changes within the character(s) in question.
Maryam Tugambayeva
Maryam Tugambayeva (1907–1986), was a Soviet Kyrgyz politician.

She was Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic in 1937.

Her office as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet nominally made her "Head of the Republic" in 1937.

Kyrgyz people
The Kyrgyz people are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia. They primarily reside in Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, China, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. A Kyrgyz diaspora is also found in Russia, Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan. They speak the Kyrgyz language, which is the official language of Kyrgyzstan.

The earliest people known as "Kyrgyz" were the descendants of several Central Asian tribes, first emerging in western Mongolia around 201 BC. Modern Kyrgyz people are descended in part from the Yenisei Kyrgyz that lived in the Yenisey river valley in Siberia. The Kyrgyz people were constituents of the Tiele people, the Göktürks, and the Uyghur Khaganate before establishing the Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate in the 9th century, and later a Kyrgyz khanate in the 15th century.
Ralph C. Starkey High School
Ralph C. Starkey High School is a high school in Circleville, Ohio.  It is a part of the Circleville Juvenile Correctional Facility.  All youth prisoners who do not have a high school diploma are required to participate in the educational program.

High school diploma
A high school diploma (sometimes referred to as a high school degree) is a diploma awarded upon graduation of high school. A high school diploma is awarded after completion of courses of studies lasting four years, from grade 9 to grade 12. It is the school leaving qualification in the United States and Canada.

The diploma is awarded by the school in accordance with the requirements of the local state or provincial government. Requirements for earning the diploma vary by jurisdiction, and there may be different requirements for different streams or levels of high school graduation. Typically they include a combination of selected coursework meeting specified criteria for a particular stream and acceptable passing grades earned on the state exit examination.
Sernaglia della Battaglia
Sernaglia della Battaglia is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Treviso in the Italian region Veneto, located about 50 kilometres (31 miles) northwest of Venice and about 25 kilometres (16 miles) northwest of Treviso.

Sernaglia della Battaglia borders the following municipalities: Farra di Soligo, Giavera del Montello, Moriago della Battaglia, Nervesa della Battaglia, Pieve di Soligo, Susegana, Volpago del Montello.

Treviso
Treviso (US: /treɪˈviːzoʊ/ tray-VEE-zoh; Italian: [treˈviːzo] ⓘ; Venetian: Trevixo [tɾeˈvizo]) is a city and comune (municipality) in the Veneto region of northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Treviso and the municipality has 87,322 inhabitants (as of December 2024). Some 3,000 live within the Venetian walls (le Mura) or in the historical and monumental center; some 80,000 live in the urban center while the city hinterland has a population of approximately 170,000.

The province is home to the headquarters of clothing retailer Benetton, Sisley, Stefanel, Geox, Diadora and Lotto Sport Italia, appliance maker De'Longhi, and bicycle maker Pinarello.

Treviso is also known for being the original production area of Prosecco wine and radicchio, and is thought to have been the origin of the popular Italian dessert tiramisù.
Glass tube
Glass tubes are mainly cylindrical hollow-wares. Their special shape combined with the huge variety of glass types (like borosilicate, flint, aluminosilicate, soda lime, lead or quartz glass), allows the use of glass tubing in many applications. For example, laboratory glassware, lighting applications, solar thermal systems  and pharmaceutical packaging  to name the largest.

In the past, scientists constructed their own laboratory apparatus prior to the ubiquity of interchangeable ground glass joints. Today, commercially available parts connected by ground glass joints are preferred; where specialized glassware are required, they are made to measure using commercially available glass tubes by specialist glassblowers. For example, a Schlenk line is made of two large glass tubes, connected by stopcocks and smaller glass tubes, which are further connected to plastic hoses.

Schott AG
Schott AG is a German multinational glass company specializing in the manufacture of glass and glass-ceramics. Headquartered in Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, it is owned by the Carl Zeiss Foundation. The company's founder and namesake, Otto Schott, is credited with the invention of borosilicate glass.
Broken Mirrors (1984 film)
Broken Mirrors (Dutch: Gebroken spiegels) is a Dutch thriller drama film, directed by Marleen Gorris and released in 1984. An exploration of the oppression of women, the film juxtaposes the story of a group of prostitutes living in a brothel with the story of a man who kidnaps women and tortures them.

The cast includes Lineke Rijxman, Henriëtte Tol, Edda Barends, Coby Stunnenberg, Carla Hardy, Marijke Veugelers, Arline Renfurm, Anke van 't Hof, Hedda Oledzky, Elja Pelgrom, Johan Leysen, Rolf Leenders, Eddie Brugman, Beppie Melissen and Wim Wama.

The film premiered in September 1984 at the Utrecht Film Festival. It was later screened at international film festivals including the 35th Berlin International Film Festival, the 1985 Toronto International Film Festival, and the 1985 Frameline Film Festival.

At Frameline, the film was the winner of the Audience Award.

Henriëtte Tol
Henriëtte Tol is a Dutch actress. She is known for her roles as Conny de Graaf in television series Westenwind, Nina Bisschot in Keyzer & De Boer Advocaten and as Karin Alberts in the soap opera Goede tijden, slechte tijden.

She also appeared as Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands the musical Soldier of Orange.
Menger Oysterman 23
The Menger Oysterman 23 is an American trailerable skipjack that was designed by Bill Menger as a daysailer and cruiser and first built in 1977.

The Oysterman 23 is based upon the general lines of the Howard Chappelle-designed Blue Crab skipjack and intended to resemble traditional 19th century oyster fishing boats of the Chesapeake Bay area.

Day sailer
A daysailer, day sailer,  or dayboat is a small compact sailboat with or without sleeping accommodations but which is larger than a dinghy. Dayboats can be monohull or multihull, and are typically trailer-able.  Many dayboats have a small cabin or "cuddy" for storage and to provide shelter, or for sleeping in, but which is not always large enough to stand erect in.

Dayboats' greater stability also distinguishes them from dinghies and are generally sailed more like a small yacht than a dinghy. For example, although crew weight may well be shifted to increase performance, this is not crucial to stability, as it is in a dinghy. The distinction between keelboats and day sailers is not always clear. Generally a keelboat is a large boat (over 27 feet (8.2m) and usually not trailer-able) used for longer trips, whereas daysailers, as the name implies, are used for trips less than 48 hours, often only a single day.
Sosigenes (crater)
Sosigenes is a lunar impact crater on the west edge of Mare Tranquillitatis. Its diameter is 17 km. It was named after ancient Greek astronomer Sosigenes of Alexandria. It lies to the east of the large walled plain Julius Caesar. The crater rim has a high albedo, making it relatively bright. It has a small central rise at the midpoint of the floor.

To the east on the mare is a formation of parallel rilles designated the Rimae Sosigenes. These follow a course to the north, and have a length of about 150 kilometers. The small, bowl-shaped crater Sosignes A lies across one of these rilles.

Rille
Rille /ˈrɪl/ (German for 'groove') is typically used to describe any of the long, narrow depressions in the surface of the Moon that resemble channels. The Latin term is rima, plural rimae. Typically, a rille can be several kilometers wide and hundreds of kilometers in length. However, the term has also been used loosely to describe similar structures on a number of planets in the Solar System, including Mars, Venus, and on a number of moons. All bear a structural resemblance to each other.
Maranda High School
Maranda High School is a boys' boarding secondary school located in Siaya County, Kenya. The school was founded in 1919 by Shadrack Osewe Agot. It has a good performance record, especially since the inception of the 8-4-4 Curriculum in Kenya. The current principal is Edwin Wafula Namachanja who succeeded Boaz Owino.

8-4-4 Curriculum in Kenya
The 8-4-4 System educational program is a system of education in Kenya with eight years of primary education, four years of secondary education and four years of university education. The system was introduced in 1985 to replace the 7-4-2-3 curriculum, which consisted of seven years of primary school (classes 1–7), four years of lower secondary school (form 1–4), two years of upper secondary school (form 5–6) and three years of higher education. The 7-4-2-3 system had been adopted when Kenya was part of the initial East African Community. Following the introduction of 8-4-4, CPE (Certificate of Primary Education) became KCPE (Kenya Certificate of Primary Education) while KACE (Kenya Advanced Certificate of Education) became the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE). Primary school was made free and mandatory, and secondary and higher education were subsidized by the government.