hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quicksilver (ISP)
Quicksilver was an ISP based in Parnell, Auckland, New Zealand. It offered broadband, dialup and toll's services around New Zealand. Quicksilver was an activity of Mercury Telecommunications Ltd, a company formed by Matthew Hobbs and Mark Frater, both ex-employees of CLEAR Communications.

Quicksilver was sold to Woosh, an Auckland-based wireless ISP in August 2006.

Dial-up Internet access
Dial-up Internet access is a form of Internet access that uses the facilities of the public switched telephone network (PSTN) to establish a connection to an Internet service provider (ISP) by dialing a telephone number on a conventional telephone line which could be connected using an RJ-11 connector. Dial-up connections use modems to decode audio signals into data to send to a router or computer, and to encode signals from the latter two devices to send to another modem at the ISP.

Dial-up Internet reached its peak popularity during the dot-com bubble. This was in large part because broadband Internet did not become widely used until well into the 2000s. Since then, most dial-up access has been replaced by broadband.
2020 BMW PGA Championship
The 2020 BMW PGA Championship was the 66th edition of the BMW PGA Championship, an annual golf tournament on the European Tour. The tournament was played from 8–11 October.

The tournament was originally scheduled to be held 10–13 September at the West Course of Wentworth Club in Virginia Water, Surrey, England, a suburb southwest of London. On 28 May, the European Tour announced a revised schedule in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic, which rescheduled the tournament to 15–18 October. In August, the tournament was brought forward one week in the schedule to allow for a second, unofficial "UK Swing", starting with the Dubai Duty Free Irish Open and the Aberdeen Standard Investments Scottish Open.

Tyrrell Hatton won the tournament with a score of 269, 19-under-par, after a final round 67. He finished four strokes ahead of Victor Perez. Perez was 6-under-par after 12 holes of his final round but was 2-over-par for the remaining holes, finishing with a 68.

Irish Open (golf)
The Irish Open, currently titled as the Amgen Irish Open for sponsorship reasons, is a professional golf tournament on the European Tour. The Irish Open was first played in 1927 and was played annually, except for the war years, until 1950. There was a tournament in 1953, but the event was then not played again until revived in 1975. It has been contested annually since then. From 1963 to 1974 Carroll's sponsored a tournament, generally called the Carroll's International and in 1975 they became the sponsor of the Irish Open which became known as the Carroll's Irish Open.
Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia
Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research in systematics, paleontology, evolutionary biology, ecology, taxonomy, anatomy, behavior, functional morphology, molecular biology, ontogeny, faunistic studies, and biogeography. It is published by the Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo and hosted by SciELO.

Behavior
Behavior (American English) or behaviour (British English) is the range of actions of organisms, individuals, systems or artificial entities in some environment. These systems can include other systems or organisms as well as the inanimate physical environment. It is the computed response of the system or organism to various stimuli or inputs, whether internal or external, conscious or subconscious, overt or covert, and voluntary or involuntary. While some behavior is produced in response to an organism's environment (extrinsic motivation), behavior can also be the product of intrinsic motivation, also referred to as "agency" or "free will".

Taking a behavior informatics perspective, a behavior consists of actor, operation, interactions, and their properties. This can be represented as a behavior vector.
Robert Lyon (politician)
Robert Lyon (July 6, 1829 - March 21, 1888) was a lawyer, politician and judge in the County of Carleton in eastern Ontario. He was mayor of Ottawa in 1867 and a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1867 to 1871.

His father, George Lyon, was a Scottish captain in the British army, who settled in Richmond, Ontario. His oldest brother was George Byron Lyon, another mayor of Ottawa. Robert was born in the village of Richmond in 1829.

He studied law and was called to the bar in 1853. He began practicing law in Ottawa in 1856. He became an alderman and later mayor. Lyon also represented Carleton in the Ontario legislature from 1867 to 1871. He was named a judge for Carleton County in 1873.

Lyon street in downtown Ottawa is named after the family, as is the underground Lyon Station on the Confederation line of Ottawa's light rail system.

Richmond, Ontario
Richmond is a rural village within the amalgamated City of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Founded in 1818, it spans the Jock River, a tributary of the Rideau River. A part of the National Capital Region, Richmond is located 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southwest of Kanata and immediately south to the community of Stittsville.
Stone Spillway, National Defense Stockpile Center
Stone Spillway, National Defense Stockpile Center is a historic spillway located on the grounds of the National Defense Stockpile Center at Hillcrest in Broome County, New York. It was built in 1944 of hand dressed fieldstone and concrete mortar, that was designed to direct runoff water from an intermittent stream through a gap in the riprap area and into the main ditch.  The U-shaped structure consists of a 22-foot-long (6.7 m) center section flanked by smaller sections set at 45-degree angles.  It was built as part of an erosion control project and believed to have been constructed by conscientious objectors under the Civilian Public Service Program.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

Fieldstone
Fieldstone is a naturally occurring type of stone, which lies at or near the surface of the Earth. Fieldstone is a nuisance for farmers seeking to expand their land under cultivation, but at some point it began to be used as a construction material. Strictly speaking, it is stone collected from the surface of fields where it occurs naturally. Collections of fieldstones which have been removed from arable land or pasture to allow for more effective agriculture are called clearance cairns.

In practice, fieldstone is any architectural stone used in its natural shape and can be applied to stones recovered from the topsoil or subsoil. Although fieldstone is generally used to describe such material when used for exterior walls, it has come to include its use in other ways including garden features and interiors. It is sometimes cut or split for use in architecture.
Dhat al-Riqa
Dhat al-Riqa is a location in Saudi Arabia. During the Islamic Prophet Muhammad's era the Expedition of Dhat al-Riqa took place here because Muhammed received the news that certain tribes of Banu Ghatafan were assembling at Dhat al-Riqa with suspicious purposes.

Muhammad proceeded towards Nejd at the head of 400 or 700 men, after he had mandated Abu Dhar - in the Umayyad version, the Umayyad chief who killed Abu Dhar is given this honor: Uthman ibn Affan - to dispose the affairs of Madinah during his absence. The Muslim fighters penetrated deep into their land until they reached a spot called Nakhlah where they came across some bedouins of Ghatfan. 2 Quran verses 5:11 and 4:101 are related to this event.

Abu Dharr al-Ghifari
Abu Dharr Al-Ghifari Al-Kinani (أَبُو ذَرّ ٱلْغِفَارِيّ ٱلْكِنَانِيّ, ʾAbū Ḏarr al-Ghifārīy al-Kinānīy), also spelled Abu Tharr or Abu Zar, born Jundab ibn Junādah (جُنْدَب ٱبْن جُنَادَة), was the fourth or fifth person converting to Islam, and a member of the Muhajirun. He belonged to the Banu Ghifar, the Kinanah tribe. His date of birth is unknown. He died in 652 CE, at Al-Rabadha, in the desert east of Medina.

Abu Dharr is remembered for his strict piety and also his opposition to Muawiyah during the caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan. He is venerated by Shia Muslims as one of The Four Companions, early Muslims who were followers (Shia) of Ali ibn Abi Talib.

He was regarded by many, including Ali Shariati, Muhammad Sharqawi and Sami Ayad Hanna, as a principal antecedent of Islamic socialism, or the first Islamic socialist. He protested against the accumulation of wealth by the ruling class during 'Uthmān's caliphate and urged the equitable redistribution of wealth.
United Africa Tigers
Tigers Sports Club is a Namibian football club. It is based in the Namibian capital Windhoek, and play in the country's top league, the Namibia Premier Football League. In the 1990s, they were sponsored by Mukorob Pelagic and referred to as the MP Tigers.

Namibia Premiership
The Namibia Premiership, or the Debmarine Namibia Premiership for sponsorship reasons, is the highest level of domestic association football in Namibia. It operates under the auspices of the Namibia Football Association.
Buhigwe (Buhigwe DC)
Buhigwe Ward is an administrative ward in Buhigwe District  of Kigoma Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 16,757 people in the ward, from 15,224 in 2012.: 124 : 152

National Bureau of Statistics (Tanzania)
The National Bureau of Statistics is a branch of the Government of Tanzania which has the mandate to provide official statistics to the Government of Tanzania, business community and the public at large. It is based in Dodoma and obtains a wide range of economic, social and demographic statistics about the country. The bureau compiled data on every village in Tanzania for the censuses of 2002, 2012 and 2022, but also provides the results of the previous censuses of 1967, 1978 and 1988.
Erich von Tschermak
Erich Tschermak, Edler von Seysenegg (15 November 1871 – 11 October 1962) was an Austrian agronomist who developed several new disease-resistant crops, including wheat-rye and oat hybrids. He was a son of the Moravia-born mineralogist Gustav Tschermak von Seysenegg. His maternal grandfather was the botanist, Eduard Fenzl, who taught Gregor Mendel botany during his student days in Vienna.

He received his doctorate from the University of Halle, Germany, in 1896. Tschermak accepted a teaching position at the University of Agricultural Sciences Vienna in 1901, and became professor there five years later, in 1900. Von Tschermak is one of four men—see also Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns and William Jasper Spillman—who independently rediscovered Gregor Mendel's work on genetics. Von Tschermak published his findings in June, 1900. His works in genetics were largely influenced by his brother Armin von Tschermak-Seysenegg.

William Jasper Spillman
William Jasper Spillman (October 18, 1863 – July 11, 1931) is considered to be the founding father of agricultural economics. In addition, he is notable for being the only American to independently rediscover Mendel's laws of genetics.
Pagal (poem)
Pagal (Nepali: पागल, lit. 'The Lunatic') is a 1953 poem by Nepalese writer Laxmi Prasad Devkota.

In 1939, Devkota's brothers admitted him to a mental hospital in Ranchi, British India where he stayed at the hospital for five months.

Pagal was published in 1953 and it was translated to English as The Lunatic by Laxmi Prasad Devkota in 1956.

Pagal is one of the popular poems in Nepal and it is sometimes regarded as a classic poem of Nepali literature.

Laxmi Prasad Devkota
Laxmi Prasad Devkota (Nepali: लक्ष्मीप्रसाद देवकोटा, 12 November 1909 – 14 September 1959) was a Nepalese poet, playwright, novelist, and politician. Honored with the title of Mahakabi (Nepali: महाकवि, lit. 'Greatest poet') in Nepali literature, he was known as a poet with a golden heart, and is considered one of the most famous literary figures in Nepal. Some of his popular works include Muna Madan, Sulochana, Kunjini, Bhikhari, and Shakuntala.
Sheila McNamee
Sheila McNamee  is an American academic known for her work in human communication and social constructionism theory and practice.  She is a Professor of Communication at the University of New Hampshire and founding member, Vice President and board member of the Taos Institute. She has authored numerous, books, chapters, and journal articles. Her work focuses on appreciative dialogic transformation within a variety of social and institutional contexts including psychotherapy, organizations, education, healthcare, and local communities. She engages constructionist practices in a variety of contexts to bring communities of participants with diametrically opposing viewpoints together to create livable futures.

McNamee is married to a scholar of communication (Professor John Lannamann).  They reside in Durham, New Hampshire.

Durham, New Hampshire
Durham is a town in Strafford County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 15,490 at the 2020 census, up from 14,638 at the 2010 census. The University of New Hampshire (UNH) is located in Durham.

The primary settlement in the town, where 11,147 people resided at the 2020 census, is defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as the Durham census-designated place (CDP) and includes the densely populated portion of the town centered on the intersection of New Hampshire Route 108 and Main Street, which includes the university that dominates the town.
Carbacanthographis
Carbacanthographis is a genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichens in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by the German lichenologists Bettina Staiger and Klaus Kalb in 2002. An updated worldwide key to the genus was published in 2022 that added 17 new species. This revision allowed for further identification of undescribed species from other collections, and subsequently, 14 species were added in 2023 from the Amazonian lowland forests of Brazil and the Guianas.

Identification key
In biology, an identification key, taxonomic key, or frequently just key, is a printed or computer-aided device that aids in the identification of biological organisms.

Historically, the most common type of identification key is the dichotomous key, a type of single-access key which offers a fixed sequence of identification steps, each with two alternatives. The earliest examples of identification keys originate in the seventeenth century, but their conceptual history can be traced back to antiquity. Modern multi-access keys allow the user to freely choose the identification steps and any order. They were traditionally performed using punched cards but now almost exclusively take the form of computer programs.
John Gabriel Stedman
John Gabriel Stedman (1744 – 7 March 1797) was a Dutch-British army officer and writer best known for writing The Narrative of a Five Years Expedition against the Revolted Negroes of Surinam (1796). This narrative covers his experience in Suriname between 1773 and 1777, where he was a soldier in a Dutch regiment deployed to assist colonial troops fighting against groups of maroons. He first recorded his experiences in a personal diary that he later rewrote and expanded into the Narrative. The Narrative was a bestseller of the time and, with its firsthand depictions of slavery and other aspects of colonialism, became an important tool in the fledgling abolitionist movement. When compared with Stedman's personal diary, his published Narrative is a sanitized and romanticized version of Stedman's time in Surinam.

Proslavery thought
To be proslavery is to support slavery. 
It is sometimes found in the thought of ancient philosophers, religious texts, and in American and British writings especially before the American Civil War, but also later through the 20th century.

In the Muslim world, slavery was traditionally sanctioned by religious scripture until the abolition of slavery in the 20th century, when new intepretations were made that prohibited slavery; however traditional intepretation were still argued by religious extremists in the 21st century.

Arguments in favor of slavery include deference to religious scripture, some people being natural slaves in need of supervision, slaves often being better off than the poorest non-slaves, practical social benefit for the society as a whole, and slavery being a time-proven practice by multiple great civilizations.
2009 Heineken Open – Doubles
Luis Horna and Juan Mónaco were the defending champions, but Horna chose not to participate, and only Mónaco competed that year.Mónaco partnered with Agustín Calleri, but lost in the quarterfinals to Paul Hanley and Jordan Kerr.

Martin Damm and Robert Lindstedt won in the final, 7–5, 6–4, against Scott Lipsky and Leander Paes.

Paul Hanley (tennis)
Paul Jason Hanley (born 12 November 1977) is a retired professional male tennis player from Australia, specialising in doubles and owning 26 ATP titles in this discipline.

He made the 2005 Wimbledon and 2011 Australian Open finals in mixed doubles, playing with Tatiana Perebiynis and Chan Yung-jan respectively, falling short on both occasions.  His best results came alongside Wayne Arthurs and Kevin Ullyett, with whom Hanley formed long-term doubles partnerships. Hanley has an 8–4 win–loss record on the Australian Davis Cup Team.  The Australian's highest doubles ranking was World Number 5.  His parents, Jay and Judy, co-own a tennis centre, which is one of the main reasons why Hanley pursued a career in the sport.
Uru Mashariki
Uru Mashariki is a town and ward in the Moshi Rural district of the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 15,853 people in the ward, from 14,781 in 2012.

National Bureau of Statistics (Tanzania)
The National Bureau of Statistics is a branch of the Government of Tanzania which has the mandate to provide official statistics to the Government of Tanzania, business community and the public at large. It is based in Dodoma and obtains a wide range of economic, social and demographic statistics about the country. The bureau compiled data on every village in Tanzania for the censuses of 2002, 2012 and 2022, but also provides the results of the previous censuses of 1967, 1978 and 1988.
Cetaphil
Cetaphil /ˈsiːtəfɪl/ or /ˈsɛtəfɪl/ is a line of skin care products from the Swiss company Galderma, including cleansers, bar soap, cream, lotion, and moisturizers. It was developed in 1947 in Texas and it is sold at grocery stores and pharmacies across the United States, Canada, India, and Nepal. Cetaphil products are also available in pharmacies in approximately 100 countries including in Australia, Hong Kong, South Korea, Indonesia, the Philippines, South Africa, Singapore, and some European, Latin American and Caribbean countries.

Prior to a change in formulation, Cetaphil cleanser ingredients were water, cetyl alcohol, propylene glycol, sodium lauryl sulfate, stearyl alcohol, methylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben. However, in 2021 Cetaphil changed its formula, adding several new ingredients including niacinamide, panthenol, and glycerin.

Propylparaben
Propylparaben (also spelled propyl paraben) is the n-propyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. It occurs as a natural substance found in many plants and some insects. Additionally, it can be manufactured synthetically for use in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. It is a member of the class of parabens and can be used as a preservative in many water-based cosmetics, such as creams, lotions, shampoos, and bath products. As a food additive, it has the E number E216.

Sodium propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, the sodium salt of propylparaben, a compound with formula Na(C3H7(C6H4COO)O), is used similarly as a food additive and as an anti-fungal preservation agent. Its E number is E217.

In 2010, the European Union Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety stated that the use of butylparaben and propylparaben as preservatives in finished cosmetic products is safe to the consumer, as long as the sum of their concentrations does not exceed 0.19%.
1975–76 Primera División de El Salvador
The 1975–76 Primera División de Fútbol Profesional season is the th tournament of El Salvador's Primera División since its establishment of the National League system in 1948. The tournament began on 6 April 1975 and finished on 25 January 1976.
Aguila secured the club first Primera División title after defeating Alianza F.C. in two series.

Sonsonate F.C.
Sonsonate Fútbol Club is a Salvadoran professional football club based in Sonsonate, El Salvador.

The club plays its home games at Estadio Anna Mercedes Campos, a stadium located in the City suburb of Sonsonate, Sonsonate, since 2009. The team is currently led by head coach Uruguayan Rubén da Silva.
Kaviraja Bankidas Ashiya
Kaviraja Bankidas Ashiya (1771–1833) was a Rajasthani poet, warrior and scholar. He was born in a Charan family of Ashiya lineage in what is now the Indian state of Rajasthan.

He was born in 1771 (1828 Vikram Samvat). He has composed between 1803 and 1833. He wrote several religious poems, didactic poems and also on the then situation of the society.

Vikram Samvat
Vikram Samvat (ISO: Vikrama Saṁvata; abbreviated VS), also known as the Vikrami or Bikrami calendar, is a Hindu calendar historically used in the Indian subcontinent and still also used in several Indian states and Nepal. It is a lunisolar calendar, using twelve lunar months each solar sidereal year. The year count of the Vikram Samvat calendar is usually 57 years ahead of the Gregorian calendar, except during January to March/April, when it is ahead by 56 years.

Vikram Samvat is an official calendar of Nepal where the first month is Baisakh and the last month is Chaitra. Unlike India where it is used only for religious dates (with first month starting with Chaitra), the solar version of Vikram Samvat is a civil calendar for general usage.
El Sureño
El Sureño is an Argentine daily newspaper printed in the Tierra Del Fuego Province. It was founded in 1991 and is owned by Fagon SRL.

Its headquarters are located in 9 de Julio 431, Río Grande. The current director is Oscar A. González.

It is the sales leader media in the province. It was declared of municipal interest in 2017 by the City council of Rio Grande.

Private limited company
A private limited company is any type of business entity in "private" ownership used in many jurisdictions, in contrast to a publicly listed company, with some differences from country to country. Examples include: the LLC in the United States, private company limited by shares in the United Kingdom, GmbH in Germany and Austria, Besloten vennootschap (BV) in The Netherlands and Belgium, société à responsabilité limitée (SARL) in France, società a responsabilità limitata (S.r.l.) in Italy, and sociedad de responsabilidad limitada (SRL) in the Spanish-speaking world. The benefit of having a private limited company is that there is limited liability.
2020 Le Samyn
The 2020 Le Samyn was the 52nd edition of the Le Samyn road cycling one day race in Belgium. It was part of the 2020 UCI Europe Tour as a 1.1-rated event that started in Quaregnon and finished in Dour.

Dour, Belgium
Dour (French pronunciation: [duʁ]; Picard: Doû) is a municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium.

On 1 January 2006 the municipality had 16,810 inhabitants. The total area is 33.32 km2, giving a population density of 505 inhabitants per km2.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Blaugies, Dour, Élouges, and Wihéries.

Dour is often considered the western end of the sillon industriel, the former industrial backbone of Wallonia.

Since 1989, Dour has hosted the annual Dour Festival, a music festival covering various genres.