hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hedgepeth and Williams v. Board of Education
Hedgepeth and Williams v. Board of Education, Trenton, NJ, 131 N.J.L. 153, 35 A.2d 622 (1944), also known as the Hedgepeth–Williams case, was a landmark New Jersey Supreme Court decision decided in 1944. The Court ruled that since racial segregation was outlawed by the New Jersey State Constitution, it was unlawful for schools to segregate or refuse admission to students on the basis of race. The case led to the formal desegregation of New Jersey public schools and was a precursor to Brown v. Board of Education.

Atlantic Reporter
The Atlantic Reporter (ISSN 8750-2631) is a United States regional case law reporter.  It is part of the National Reporter System created by John B. West for West Publishing Company, which is now part of Thomson West.

The Atlantic Reporter contains select opinions of state supreme courts and lower appellate courts from the following jurisdictions:

Connecticut

Delaware

District of Columbia

Maine

Maryland

New Hampshire

New Jersey

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

Vermont

The first series of the Atlantic Reporter was published from 1886 until 1938, for 200 volumes. The Atlantic Reporter, Second Series, was published from 1939 until 2010, for 999 volumes. The Atlantic Reporter, Third Series, is published from 2010 to the present. The citation forms for these series are A., A.2d, and A.3d respectively.
John de Mendoza
John de Mendoza (born 22 August 1949) is a British former professional tennis player.

A British top-10 player, de Mendoza was active on the international tour in the 1970s. He featured in the singles main draws of both the French Open and Wimbledon during his career. In 1972 he had an upset win over Clark Graebner in the semifinals of the Welsh Championships and finished tournament runner-up to Andrew Pattison.

Welsh Championships
The Welsh Championships  (Welsh: Pencampwriaethau Cymru)  its original name until 1970 was also known as the Championship of Wales (1951), the Welsh Open (Welsh: Cymraeg Agored) (1947–50) the Green Shield Welsh Championships and Green Shield Welsh Open (1970–74) for sponsorship  reasons was an outdoor tennis event held from 1886 through 1974 it was played at various locations throughout its duration including Cardiff, Newport and Penarth in Wales. The dates that the tournament was held varied between June and July annually.
Himouto! Umaru-chan
Himouto! Umaru-chan (Japanese: 干物妹!うまるちゃん, Hepburn: Himōto! Umaru-chan) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Sankakuhead. After two one-shot chapters published in Shueisha's seinen manga magazine Miracle Jump in 2012, the manga was serialized in Weekly Young Jump from March 2013 to November 2017, with its chapters collected in 12 tankōbon volumes. A sequel manga titled, Himouto! Umaru-chan G, was published in the same magazine from November 2017 to April 2018, with its chapters collected in a single volume. An anime television series adaptation aired from July to September 2015. A second season titled Himouto! Umaru-chan R aired from October to December 2017.

Niconico
Niconico, Inc. (Japanese: ニコニコ, Hepburn: Nikoniko), known before 2012 as Nico Nico Douga (ニコニコ動画, Niko Niko Dōga), is a Japanese video sharing service based in Tokyo, Japan. "Niconico" or "nikoniko" is the Japanese ideophone for smiling. As of 2021, Niconico is the 34th most-visited website in Japan, according to Alexa Internet.

The site won the Japanese Good Design Award in 2007, and an Honorary Mention of the Digital Communities category at Prix Ars Electronica 2008. Between June 8, 2024 and August 5, 2024, its servers were affected by a cyberattack and the website was partially active.
P. J. Morley
Patrick Joseph Morley (1 March 1931 – 30 September 2012) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician.

Morley was from Claremorris, County Mayo. He qualified as a primary school teacher. He was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Mayo East constituency on his second attempt at the 1977 general election and was re-elected until losing his seat at the 1997 general election. At the 1997 general election, the Mayo East constituency was combined with Mayo West and the combined Mayo constituency was reduced to 5 seats.

He was the Chairperson of Mayo County Council from 1989 to 1991. He died in September 2012.

Mayo West (Dáil constituency)
Mayo West was a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas from 1969 to 1997. The constituency was served by 3 deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs). The method of election was proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
André (footballer, born 1972)
André Luíz Alves Santos (born 16 November 1972), also known as André Gaspar, is a Brazilian football manager and former player. He was winner of K League Top Assists Award and played for the title-winning club during the 2000 season.

Korean FA Cup
The Korea Cup (Korean: 코리아컵), formerly the Korean FA Cup, is a national football cup knockout competition of South Korea, held annually by the Korea Football Association (KFA). Before the competition was established in 1996, two similar tournaments named All Joseon Football Tournament (1921–1940) and Korean National Football Championship (1946–2000) were played. It was renamed Korea Cup in 2024, with the winners qualifying for the AFC Champions League Elite (if they finish top four in the K League 1) or the AFC Champions League Two (if they finish outside the top four in the K League 1).
Universal C*-algebra
In mathematics, a universal C*-algebra is a C*-algebra described in terms of generators and relations. In contrast to rings or algebras, where one can consider quotients by free rings to construct universal objects, C*-algebras must be realizable as algebras of bounded operators on a Hilbert space by the Gelfand-Naimark-Segal construction and the relations must prescribe a uniform bound on the norm of each generator. This means that depending on the generators and relations, a universal C*-algebra may not exist. In particular, free C*-algebras do not exist.

Quotient ring
In ring theory, a branch of abstract algebra, a quotient ring, also known as factor ring, difference ring or residue class ring, is a construction quite similar to the quotient group in group theory and to the quotient space in linear algebra. It is a specific example of a quotient, as viewed from the general setting of universal algebra. Starting with a ring  and a two-sided ideal  in ⁠⁠, a new ring, the quotient ring ⁠⁠, is constructed, whose elements are the cosets of  in  subject to special  and  operations. Quotient ring notation almost always uses a fraction slash "⁠⁠"; stacking the ring over the ideal using a horizontal line as a separator is uncommon and generally avoided.

Quotient rings are distinct from the "quotient field", or field of fractions, of an integral domain as well as from the more general "rings of quotients" obtained by localization.
Methyl phenylacetate
Methyl phenylacetate is an organic compound that is the methyl ester of phenylacetic acid, with the structural formula C6H5CH2CO2CH3.  It is a colorless liquid that is only slightly soluble in water, but soluble in most organic solvents.

Methyl phenylacetate has a strong odor similar to honey.   This compound also occurs in brandy, capsicum, coffee, honey, pepper, and some wine. It is used in the flavor industry and in perfumes to impart honey scents.

Methyl phenyldiazoacetate, precursor to cyclopropanation agents, is prepared by treating methyl phenylacetate with p-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl azide in the presence of base.

Brandy
Brandy is a liquor produced by distilling wine. Brandy generally contains 35–60% alcohol by volume (70–120 US proof) and is typically consumed as an after-dinner digestif. Some brandies are aged in wooden casks. Others are coloured with caramel colouring to imitate the effect of ageing, and some are produced using a combination of ageing and colouring. Varieties of wine brandy can be found across the winemaking world. Among the most renowned are Cognac and Armagnac from southwestern France.

In a broader sense, the term brandy also denotes liquors obtained from the distillation of pomace (yielding pomace brandy), or mash or wine of any other fruit (fruit brandy). These products are also called eau de vie (literally "water of life" in French).
Chak Shahzad
Chak Shahzad (Urdu:  چک شہزاد), is a modern suburb situated in the Islamabad Capital Territory of Pakistan.

Historically, the suburb was home to Malik, Chowdhury, Sheikh and Raja tribesmen, but recently has seen a growth in farmhouses of the rich and wealthy from nearby Islamabad, including that of federal minister Muhammad Talha Mahmood, Pervez Musharraf, Makhdoom Ameen Faheem, Prof. Zafar Chawdhery and Dr Tariq Fazal Chaudhry. The ex-cricketer and political leader Imran Khan also lives nearby in Bani Gala. The journalist Javed Chaudhry lives in Shahzad town which is adjacent to Chak Shahzad.

Islamabad Capital Territory
The Islamabad Capital Territory is a federal territory of Pakistan, centred around Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan. It is located on the northern edge of the Pothohar Plateau, at the foot of the Margalla Hills, in the northwestern Punjab region. The Territory shares borders with the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the west and the province of Punjab in the remaining directions. It covers an area of 906.5 square kilometres (350.0 mi2) and, according to 2023 census, has a population of over 2.3 million.

The area was separated from Rawalpindi District in 1967 to form a separate territory administered by the federal government. The territory is represented in the National Assembly by NA-52, NA-53, and NA-54 constituencies and by four seats in the Senate.
Rat rod
A rat rod, as usually known today, is a custom car with a deliberately worn-down, unfinished appearance, typically lacking paint, showing rust, and made from cheap or cast-off parts. These parts can include non-automotive items that have been repurposed, such as a rifle used as a gear shifter, wrenches as door handles, or hand saws as sun visors. Whether or not so appointed, the rat rod uniquely conveys its builder’s imagination.

The term has also been applied to a style of hot rod or custom car that broadly imitates or exaggerates the early hot rods of the mid-twentieth century, unlike the "traditional" hot rod, which is one built at that time or a close re-creation of one of such.

Roadster (car)
A roadster (also spider, spyder) is an open two-seat car with emphasis on sporting appearance or character. Initially an American term for a two-seat car with no weather protection, its usage has spread internationally and has evolved to include two-seat convertibles.

The roadster was also a style of racing car driven in United States Auto Club (USAC) Championship Racing, including the Indianapolis 500, in the 1950s and 1960s. This type of racing car was superseded by rear-mid-engine cars.
Glen Scantlebury
Glen Scantlebury (born July 11, 1955) is an American film editor, director, and screenwriter. He has edited major studio feature films such as Con Air and Transformers, and has worked primarily in the action and horror film genres.

2007 in film
The following is an overview of events in 2007 in film, including the highest-grossing films, award ceremonies and festivals, a list of films released and notable deaths. The highest-grossing film of the year was Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End, which was just marginally ahead of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. 2007 is often considered one of the greatest years for film in the 21st century. It was also the last year to never have a film gross $1 billion until 2020.
Alarmone
An alarmone is an intracellular signal molecule that is produced in bacteria, chloroplasts, and a slim minority of archaea reacting to harsh environmental factors. They regulate the gene expression at transcription level. Alarmones are produced in high concentrations when harsh environmental factors occur in bacteria and plants, such as lack of amino acids, to produce proteins. Stringent factors take uncharged tRNA and convert it to an alarmone. Guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) is then converted to 5´-diphosphate 3´-diphosphate guanosine (ppGpp), the archetypical alarmone. ppGpp will bind to RNA polymerase β and β´ subunits, changing promoter preference. It will decrease transcription of rRNA and other genes but will increase transcription of genes involved in amino acid biosyntheses and metabolisms involved in famine.

Glossary of biology
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms. It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology, Glossary of environmental science and Glossary of scientific naming, or any of the organism-specific glossaries in Category:Glossaries of biology.
Hesford
Hesford is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bob Hesford (1916–1982), British footballer

Iain Hesford (1960–2014), British footballer

Michael Bryan Hesford (1930–1996), British organist and composer

Stephen Hesford (born 1957), British politician

Steve Hesford, British rugby league footballer

Iain Hesford
Iain Hesford (4 March 1960 – 18 November 2014) was an English professional footballer, who played as a goalkeeper. He is best known for his time at Blackpool, Sunderland, Hull City, and Maidstone United.
Slooh
Slooh is a robotic telescope service that can be viewed live through a web browser. It was not the first robotic telescope, but it was the first that offered "live" viewing through a telescope via the web. Other online telescopes traditionally email a picture to the recipient. The site has a patent on their live image processing method. Slooh is an online astronomy platform with live-views and telescope rental for a fee. Observations come from a global network of telescopes located in places including Spain and Chile and Siding Spring Australia.

The name Slooh comes from the word "slew" to indicate the movement of a telescope, modified with "ooh" to express pleasure and surprise.

Slooh, LLC is based in Washington, Connecticut.

Washington, Connecticut
Washington is a rural town in Litchfield County, Connecticut, in the North Eastern region of the United States. The population was 3,646 at the 2020 census. Washington is known for its picturesque countryside, historic architecture, and active civic and cultural life. The town has strong ties to New York City, and is home to many cultural and business elites. The town is part of the Northwest Hills Planning Region.
Strumaria massoniella
Strumaria massoniella is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to the Cape Provinces of South Africa. It was first described in 1985 as Gemmaria massoniella. Its bulb is solitary. Like other members of the genus Strumaria it has star-shaped flowers. In the Northern Cape Province, it is found in sandy plains at an elevation of about 1,000 m (3,300 ft).

Cape Provinces
The Cape Provinces of South Africa is a biogeographical area used in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD). It is part of the WGSRPD region 27 Southern Africa. The area has the code "CPP". It includes the South African provinces of the Eastern Cape, the Northern Cape and the Western Cape, together making up most of the former Cape Province.

The area includes the Cape Floristic Region, the smallest of the six recognised floral kingdoms of the world, an area of extraordinarily high diversity and endemism, home to more than 9,000 vascular plant species, of which 69 percent are endemic.
Possum Bourne
Peter Raymond George "Possum" Bourne (13 April 1956 – 30 April 2003) was a champion New Zealand rally car driver. He died under non-competitive circumstances while driving on a public road that was to be the track for an upcoming race.

Race to the Sky (hillclimb)
The Race to the Sky is an annual automobile and motorcycle gravel hillclimb to the summit of a mountain in the Cardrona Valley of New Zealand. The race was held every year from 1998 to 2007 for two days over the Easter weekend as the Silverstone Race to the Sky, and returned in 2015 as the Repco Race to the Sky.

The event has attracted major international drivers to compete to see who is the fastest to ascend the hill.
Service Component Architecture
Service Component Architecture (SCA) is a software technology designed to provide a model for  applications that follow service-oriented architecture principles.  The technology, created by major software vendors, including IBM, Oracle Corporation and TIBCO Software, encompasses a wide range of technologies and as such is specified in independent specifications to maintain programming language and application environment neutrality. Many times it uses an enterprise service bus (ESB).

Common Object Request Broker Architecture
The Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) is a standard defined by the Object Management Group (OMG) designed to facilitate the communication of systems that are deployed on diverse platforms. CORBA enables collaboration between systems on different operating systems, programming languages, and computing hardware. CORBA uses an object-oriented model although the systems that use the CORBA do not have to be object-oriented. CORBA is an example of the distributed object paradigm.

While briefly popular in the mid to late 1990s, CORBA's complexity, inconsistency, and high licensing costs have relegated it to being a niche technology.
Olaf Heukrodt
Olaf Heukrodt (born 23 January 1962 in Magdeburg) is a German sprint canoer who competed from the late 1970s to the early 1990s.

Competing in three Summer Olympics, Heukrodt won five medals with one gold (C-1 500 m: 1988), two silvers (C-2 1000 m: 1980, C-2 1000 m: 1988), and two bronzes (C-1 500 m: 1980, 1992).

Heukrodt also won 13 medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with seven golds (C-1 500 m: 1981, 1982, 1985, 1986, 1987; C-1 1000 m: 1987, C-2 1000 m: 1985), four silvers (C-1 500 m: 1989, C-2 1000 m: 1981, 1983; C-4 1000 m: 1991), and two bronzes (C-1 500 m: 1991, C-2 1000 m: 1982). In October 1986, he was awarded a Star of People's Friendship in gold (second class) for his sporting success.

Heukrodt was married to swimmer Birgit Meineke.

Star of Peoples' Friendship
The Star of Peoples' Friendship (German: Stern der Völkerfreundschaft), a.k.a. Star of Nations' Friendship, was an order awarded by the German Democratic Republic (GDR).

Established 20 August 1959, it was given to individuals of exceptional merit who had contributed to the "understanding and friendship between nations and preservation of peace".

The Star of Peoples' Friendship was given in three classes:

1st Class – Grand Star of Peoples' Friendship (German: Großer Stern der Völkerfreundschaft)

2nd Class – Star of Peoples' Friendship in Gold (German: Stern der Völkerfreundschaft in Gold)

3rd class – Star of Peoples' Friendship in Silver. (German: Stern der Völkerfreundschaft in Silber)

It was awarded on the recommendation of the presidency of the Council of Ministers (German: Präsidium des Ministerrates) via the chairman of the Council of State (German: Vorsitzender des Staatsrates) or in its name.

The medal was awarded with a certificate.
Gilles Chapadeau
Gilles Chapadeau is a Canadian politician, who was a Parti Québécois member of the National Assembly of Quebec for Rouyn-Noranda–Témiscamingue from 2012 to 2014.

He was elected in the 2012 Quebec general election, but was defeated in 2014 and 2018.

Chapadeau was elected mayor of Rouyn-Noranda in the 2025 municipal elections, without any opposition.

2025 Quebec municipal elections
The 2025 municipal elections in Quebec were held on November 2, 2025. Under the Act respecting elections and referendums in municipalities, municipal general elections in all municipalities in the Canadian province of Quebec must be held every four years on the first Sunday of November.

Voters in the province of Quebec elected mayors, councillors, and all other elected officials in all of the province's municipalities.
Prem Prasad Tulachan
Prem Prasad Tulachan is a Nepalese politician affiliated with the Nepal Communist Party currently serving as the member of the 1st Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2017 Nepalese general election he was elected from the Mustang 1 constituency, securing 3544 (52.70%) votes.

2017 Nepalese general election
General elections were held in Nepal in two phases on 26 November and 7 December 2017 to elect the 275 members of the fifth House of Representatives, the lower house of the Federal Parliament of Nepal.

The election was held alongside the first provincial elections for the seven provincial assemblies.

A political deadlock between the governing Nepali Congress and the winning left-wing coalition over the system used to elect the upper house led to delay in forming the new government.

Following the announcement of the final result by the Election Commission, K.P. Oli of Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) was sworn in as Prime Minister on 15 February 2018 by the President according to Article 76 (2) of the constitution. He passed a Motion of Confidence on 11 March 2018 with 208 votes.
Methylenedioxycathinone
3,4-Methylenedioxycathinone (MDC, MDCATH), also known as β-keto-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (β-keto-MDA or βk-MDA), is an entactogen and stimulant drug of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and cathinone families related to methylone (βk-MDMA or MDMC). It is the β-keto analogue of MDA.

Like methylone, MDC is a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA). In contrast to MDA and MDMA, MDC shows no activity at the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors, but does retain much weaker affinity for the rodent trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1).

The drug was patented as an antidepressant and antiparkinsonian agent by Peyton Jacob III and Alexander Shulgin in 1996. MDC and other non-N-substituted cathinones such as cathinone itself are chemically unstable due rapidly forming biologically inactive dimers and this has limited their prevalence.

5-HT2 receptor
The 5-HT2 receptors are a subfamily of 5-HT receptors that bind the endogenous neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). The 5-HT2 subfamily consists of three G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) which are coupled to Gq/G11 and mediate excitatory neurotransmission, including 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C. For more information, please see the respective main articles of the individual subtypes:

5-HT2A receptor

5-HT2B receptor

5-HT2C receptor
Bill Miller (impresario)
Bill Miller (1904 – December 9, 2002) was a Russian-born American impresario, best known for serving as the entertainment director for several large casino hotels in Las Vegas from the 1950s to the 1970s. He was the father of music producer Jimmy Miller and of The New York Times reporter Judith Miller.

Casino hotel
A casino hotel is an establishment consisting of a casino with temporary lodging provided in an on-premises hotel. Customers receive the benefits of both gambling facilities and lodging. Since the casino and hotel are located on the same premises, a gambler's necessities can be provided for in one location.

The casino may offer common forms of gambling including slot machines, table games, and sports betting. The hotel, nearby or directly connected to the casino, provides lodging and may include other popular services such as food and beverages, valet parking, a swimming pool, health club, and on-site entertainment. Many casino hotels in popular destinations, operate as resort hotels with additional services such as upscale lodgings, ballrooms, and large conference facilities, in which case they may be called integrated resort.