hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Neume
A neume (/njuːm/; sometimes spelled neum) is the basic element of Western and some Eastern systems of musical notation prior to the invention of five-line staff notation.

The earliest neumes were inflective marks that indicated the general shape but not necessarily the exact notes or rhythms to be sung. Later developments included the use of heightened neumes that showed the relative pitches between neumes, and the creation of a four-line musical staff that identified particular pitches. Neumes do not generally indicate rhythm, but additional symbols were sometimes juxtaposed with neumes to indicate changes in articulation, duration, or tempo. Neumatic notation was later used in medieval music to indicate certain patterns of rhythm called rhythmic modes, and eventually evolved into modern musical notation. Neumatic notation remains standard in modern editions of plainchant.

Chant
A chant (from French chanter, from Latin cantare, "to sing") is the iterative speaking or singing of words or sounds, often primarily on one or two main pitches called reciting tones.  Chants may range from a simple melody involving a limited set of notes to highly complex musical structures, often including a great deal of repetition of musical subphrases, such as Great Responsories and Offertories of Gregorian chant.  Chant may be considered speech, music, or a heightened or stylized form of speech. In the Late Middle Ages, some religious chant evolved into song (forming one of the roots of later Western music).
2013 European Parliament election in Croatia
European Parliament elections were held in Croatia for the first time on 14 April 2013 to elect twelve Members of the European Parliament. The members served the remainder of the Parliament's 2009–2014 term after Croatia entered the European Union on 1 July 2013. The country formed a single constituency, with members elected by proportional representation using open lists.

Despite opinion polling predicting a decisive victory of the governing centre left SDP-led coalition, the centre right HDZ-led coalition won a razor-thin plurality of the vote. The turnout of just 20.8% was the lowest turnout in a national election in modern Croatian history.

The HDZ has won every EU election since, As of 2024.

Plurality (voting)
A plurality vote (in North American English) or relative majority (in British English) describes the circumstance when a party, candidate, or proposition polls more votes than any other but does not receive a majority or more than half of all votes cast.

For example, if from 100 votes that were cast,  45 were for candidate A, 30 were for candidate B and 25 were for candidate C, then candidate A received a plurality of votes but not a majority. In some election contests, the winning candidate or proposition may need only a plurality, depending on the rules of the organization holding the vote.
Raffaele Bazzoni
Raffaele Bazzoni (born 8 April 1953 in Zevio) is an Italian politician from Veneto.

A long-time Christian Democrat, he was elected to the Regional Council of Veneto for Forza Italia in 1995, 2000 and 2005. Between 1995 and 2000 he was regional minister of Transports in Galan I Government.

2000 Venetian regional election
The Venetian regional election of 2000 took place on 16 April 2000.

Giancarlo Galan (Forza Italia, Pole for Freedoms) was re-elected for the third time President of the Region by a landslide over the centre-left candidate Massimo Cacciari (The Democrats).

Forza Italia, this time in alliance also with the Northern League, had its best result ever and was by far the largest party in the election, receiving 30.3% of the regional vote.
2009 US Open – Wheelchair quad doubles
Defending champions Nicholas Taylor and David Wagner defeated Johan Andersson and Peter Norfolk in the final, 6–1, 6–7(5–7), 6–3 to win the quad doubles wheelchair tennis title at the 2009 US Open.

The event was not held in 2008 due to a schedule conflict with the 2008 Summer Paralympics, an issue that would continue to affect US Open wheelchair tennis until 2021.

Peter Norfolk
Peter Robert Norfolk OBE (born 13 December 1960) is a British wheelchair tennis player. Following a motorbike accident which left him paraplegic, he uses a wheelchair. He took up tennis and following a further spinal complication in 2000, he began competing in the quad division. He is nicknamed The Quadfather.

He has multiple Grand Slam and Super Series titles, and competed for Great Britain at the Summer Paralympics when tennis made its first appearance at Athens 2004. He won the gold medal in the singles, and defended it at Beijing, as well as adding a bronze medal in the doubles. He competed in his third Paralympics in 2012 in London, where he was also the flagbearer for Great Britain at the opening ceremony. Norfolk announced his retirement in January 2013.
Najla AlKanderi
Najla Ibrahim AlKanderi (Arabic: نجلاء إبراهيم الكندري) is a Kuwaiti television presenter and Radio presenter. She is best known for hosting several late-night TV shows in Kuwait including Bel Kuwaiti on the AlMajles TV and Layali Al Kuwait on the Kuwait Television.

Kuwait Television
Kuwait Television is Kuwait's official state-run television station, and part of the Kuwaiti Ministry of Information.

Kuwait Television has 9 channels, a satellite channel, and a streaming platform:

Kuwait Television Channel 1

Kuwait Television Channel 2

Kuwait Television Sport Channel

Kuwait Television Sport 2 Channel

Kuwait Television Kids Channel

Kuwait Television Al Akhbar Channel

Kuwait Television AlQurain Channel

Kuwait Television AlAraby Channel

Kuwait Television Ithra' Channel

Kuwait Television AlMajles Channel (satellite)

Kuwait Television Thalik Bilbayt Channel

Kuwait Television Drama Channel

Kuwait Television Masriya Channel

51 Kuwait (Streaming Platform)
Ostrogradsky instability
In applied mathematics, the Ostrogradsky instability is a feature of some solutions of theories having equations of motion with more than two time derivatives (higher-derivative theories).  It is suggested by a theorem of Mikhail Ostrogradsky in classical mechanics according to which a non-degenerate Lagrangian dependent on time derivatives higher than the first corresponds to a Hamiltonian unbounded from below. As usual, the Hamiltonian is associated with the Lagrangian via a Legendre transform. The Ostrogradsky instability has been proposed as an explanation as to why no differential equations of higher order than two appear to describe physical phenomena.
However, Ostrogradsky's theorem does not imply that all solutions of higher-derivative theories are unstable as many counterexamples are known.

Applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, social science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models.

In the past, practical applications have motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics.
57th Sitges Film Festival
The 57th Sitges International Fantastic Film Festival of Catalonia took place from 3 to 13 October 2024, in Sitges, Catalonia, Spain. Steven Soderbergh's psychological thriller film Presence opened the festival, while Alexandre Aja's survival horror film Never Let Go served as the festival's closing film. Austrian historical horror film The Devil's Bath, directed by Veronika Franz and Severin Fiala, won the Best Film award.

Fred Dekker
Fred Dekker (born April 9, 1959) is an American screenwriter and film director best known for his cult classic horror comedy films Night of the Creeps and The Monster Squad (written with Shane Black). He contributed the story ideas for House (1985) and Ricochet (1991), and also directed and co-wrote RoboCop 3 with Frank Miller.

One of his earliest movies was a short film he made in college titled Starcruisers, directed in the early 1980s.
Brandt's vole
Brandt's vole, (Lasiopodomys brandtii), also known as the steppe vole, is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is native to shrublands and grasslands in Russia, Mongolia and northern China.

Cricetidae
The Cricetidae are a family of rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea. It includes true hamsters, voles, lemmings, muskrats, and New World rats and mice. At over 870 species, it is either the largest or second-largest family of mammals, and has members throughout the Americas, Europe and Asia.
David Mendlen
David Mendlen is an American technologist, executive leader, and strategist known for his leadership roles at Microsoft and PwC, particularly in developer experience, cloud transformation, and artificial intelligence. He served as General Manager and Vice President at Microsoft, was a Partner at PwC leading their Microsoft practice, and currently engages in industry research and advisory while on executive sabbatical. Mendlen was the Executive Producer of the Decoded Show. He earlier served as the speechwriter for Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates and former CEO Steve Ballmer and, among other assignments, wrote Gates’ last speech and Ballmer’s first as CEO. Mendlen has keynoted conferences including COMDEX, VSLive and DEVintersection. Mendlen has contributed numerous articles including The Next Web.

GitHub Copilot
GitHub Copilot is a code completion and programming AI-assistant developed by GitHub and OpenAI that assists users of Visual Studio Code, Visual Studio, Neovim, Eclipse and JetBrains integrated development environments (IDEs) by autocompleting code. Currently available by subscription to individual developers and to businesses, the generative artificial intelligence software was first announced by GitHub on 29 June 2021. Users can choose the large language model used for generation.
Nadav Guedj
Nadav Guedj (Hebrew: נדב גדג', pronounced [naˈdav gedʒ]; born 2 November 1998) is an Israeli singer and actor who represented Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015, where he finished in 9th place. He is the winner of season two of HaKokhav HaBa (Israel's Rising Star). Guedj was born in Paris.

Rising Star (franchise)
Rising Star is an international singing reality competition television franchise based on the Israeli singing reality competition television series HaKokhav HaBa (Hebrew: הכוכב הבא, meaning "The Next Star"), which is produced by Keshet Broadcasting Ltd. The program format lets viewers vote for contestants via mobile apps. It has become a rival to the Idols franchise, The Voice and The X Factor.
Ghanaman Soccer Center of Excellence
The Ghanaman Soccer Centre of Excellence (GSCE), also known as the technical centre of the Ghana Football Association was built in 2004 through the FIFA Goal Project and handed over to the association in 2008. The Centre is located at Miotso, in the Ningo Prampram District of the Greater Accra Region.

Built on a 68-acre parcel of land, the centre is the home of Ghanaian football for camping and mental rejuvenation.

Greater Accra Region
The Greater Accra Region has the smallest area of Ghana's 16 administrative regions, occupying a total land surface of 3,245 square kilometres. This is 1.4 per cent of the total land area of Ghana. It is the most populated region, with a population of 5,455,692 in 2021, accounting for 17.7 per cent of Ghana's total population.

The Greater Accra region is the most urbanized region in the country, with 87.4% of its total population living in urban centres. The capital city of Greater Accra Region is Accra which is at the same time the capital city of Ghana.
Parietal cell
Parietal cells (also known as oxyntic cells) are epithelial cells in the stomach that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor.  These cells are located in the gastric glands found in the lining of the fundus and body regions of the stomach. They contain an extensive secretory network of canaliculi from which the HCl is secreted by active transport into the stomach. The gastric hydrogen potassium ATPase (H+/K+ ATPase) is highly enriched in parietal cells and transports H+ against a concentration gradient of about 3-4 million to 1 between plasma and the parietal cell canaliculus, generating one of the steepest ion gradients in mammalian tissues. Parietal cells are primarily regulated via histamine, acetylcholine and gastrin signalling from both central and local modulators.

Concentration
In chemistry, concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. Several types of mathematical description can be distinguished: mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration. The concentration can refer to any kind of chemical mixture, but most frequently refers to solutes and solvents in solutions. The molar (amount) concentration has variants, such as normal concentration and osmotic concentration. Dilution is reduction of concentration, e.g., by adding solvent to a solution. The verb "to concentrate" means to increase concentration, the opposite of dilute.
BWF World Ranking
The BWF World Ranking is the official ranking of the Badminton World Federation for badminton players who participate in tournaments sanctioned by Badminton World Federation. It is used to determine the qualification for the World Championships and Summer Olympic Games, as well as BWF World Tour tournaments. Seedings of draws at all BWF-sanctioned tournaments are conducted using the BWF World Ranking.
Players under 19 years of age are eligible to rank in the BWF World Junior Ranking, which were introduced in January 2011. The following lists are the rankings:

BWF World Tour
The BWF World Tour is a Grade 2 badminton tournament series, sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF). It is a competition open to the top world ranked players in singles (men's and women's) and doubles (men's, women's and mixed). The competition was announced on 19 March 2017 and came into effect starting from 2018, replacing the BWF Super Series, which was held from 2007 to 2017.

The BWF World Tour are divided into six levels, namely World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, and Super 300 in order (part of the HSBC World Tour). One other category of tournament, the BWF Tour Super 100 level, also offers ranking points.
King of Prism by Pretty Rhythm
King of Prism by Pretty Rhythm (stylized as KING OF PRISM by PrettyRhythm) is a 2016 Japanese animated film produced by Tatsunoko Production and Avex Pictures based on Takara Tomy's Pretty Rhythm franchise. The story focuses on side characters from the animated television series Pretty Rhythm: Rainbow Live, which aired from 2013 to 2014.

Initially released in 14 theaters on January 9, 2016, the film's unexpected popularity led to nationwide screenings of the film and became a financial success, which led to a spin-off multimedia franchise focusing on the characters. In addition, a stage play adaptation of the film titled King of Prism: Over the Sunshine! took place in 2017. King of Prism by Pretty Rhythm also led the "cheer screenings" movement in modern cinema. The film was followed up by a sequel, King of Prism: Pride the Hero, in 2017, and a third continuation, King of Prism: Shiny Seven Stars, in 2019.

Tomy
Tomy Company, Ltd. (株式会社タカラトミー, Kabushikigaisha Takara Tomī) (trading as Takara Tomy in Asia and Tomy elsewhere) is a Japanese toy company. It was established in 1924 by Eiichirō Tomiyama as Tomiyama Toy Manufacturing Company (富山玩具製作所), became known for creating popular toys like the B-29  friction toy and luck-based game Pop-up Pirate. In 2006, Tomy merged with another toy manufacturer, Takara, and although the English company name remained the same, it became Takara Tomy in Asia. It has its headquarters in Katsushika, Tokyo.
1942 Campeonato Paulista
The 1942 Campeonato Paulista da Primeira Divisão, organized by the Federação Paulista de Futebol, was the 41st season of São Paulo's top professional football league. Palmeiras won the title for the 9th time, its first title under its new name. No teams were relegated.  The top scorer was Corinthians's Milani with 24 goals.

Federação Paulista de Futebol
Federação Paulista de Futebol (FPF) is the governing body of association football within the Brazilian state of São Paulo. It was founded on 22 April 1941, and currently organises the Campeonato Paulista, the Copa São Paulo de Juniores and the Copa Paulista de Futebol, among others.
Coulometry
In analytical electrochemistry, coulometry is the measure of charge (coulombs) transfer during an electrochemical redox reaction. It can be used for precision measurements of charge, but coulometry is mainly used for analytical applications to determine the amount of matter transformed.

There are two main categories of coulometric techniques. Amperostatic coulometry, or coulometric titration keeps the current constant using an amperostat. Potentiostatic coulometry holds the electric potential constant during the reaction using a potentiostat.

Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry concerned with the relationship between electrical potential difference and identifiable chemical change. These reactions involve electrons moving via an electronically conducting phase (typically an external electric circuit, but not necessarily, as in electroless plating) between electrodes separated by an ionically conducting and electronically insulating electrolyte (or ionic species in a solution).

When a chemical reaction is driven by an electrical potential difference, as in electrolysis, or if a potential difference results from a chemical reaction as in an electric battery or fuel cell, it is called an electrochemical reaction. In electrochemical reactions, unlike in other chemical reactions,  electrons are not transferred directly between atoms, ions, or molecules, but via the aforementioned electric circuit. This phenomenon is what distinguishes an electrochemical reaction from a conventional chemical reaction.
Glastonbury 1978
Glastonbury 1978 became known as the “impromptu” Festival. There was a small unplanned event in 1978, when a convoy of vehicles from the Stonehenge festival was directed by police to Worthy Farm.

The travellers believed that a festival was taking place and indeed a free mini Festival did take place with little organisation, few facilities land the stage powered through an electric meter in a caravan.

The line-up included Nik Turner's Sphynx; Nice n Easy; White Island; Pedro; Motivation and Tribe.

Nik Turner
Nicholas Robert Turner (26 August 1940 – 10 November 2022) was an English musician best known as a member of space rock pioneers Hawkwind. Turner played saxophone and flute, as well as being a vocalist and composer. While with Hawkwind, Turner was known for his experimental free jazz stylisations and outrageous stage presence, often donning full makeup and Ancient Egypt-inspired costumes.
Sarker
Sarker is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jatin Sarker (1936–2025), Bangladeshi writer

Malabika Sarker (born 1964), Bangladeshi physician and public health scientist

Paul Sarker, Bangladeshi Protestant bishop

Rebecca Sarker (born 1975), English actress

Sunetra Sarker (born 1973), English actress

Malabika Sarker
Malabika Sarker (born 14 July 1964) is a Bangladeshi physician and public health scientist. She is a Professor of Practice of Behavioral and Social Science at Brown School of Public Health, Brown University, USA. She is the former Associate Dean and Director of the Centre of Excellence for Science of Implementation and Scale-Up at the BRAC James P. Grant School of Public Health of  BRAC University in Bangladesh.
Radical 10
Radical 10 or radical legs (儿部) meaning "legs" is one of 23 of the 214  Kangxi radicals that are composed of 2 strokes.

In the Kangxi Dictionary, there are 52 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.

儿 is also the 14th indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China. In addition, this radical is commonly pronounced ér among Simplified Chinese users as 儿 is the simplified form of 兒 ér. However, the meaning of 儿 as a radical is irrelevant to 兒.

Leg
A leg is a weight-bearing and locomotive anatomical structure, usually having a columnar shape. During locomotion, legs function as "extensible struts".  The combination of movements at all joints can be modeled as a single, linear element capable of changing length and rotating about an omnidirectional "hip" joint.

As an anatomical animal structure, it is used for locomotion. The distal end is often modified to distribute force (such as a foot). Most animals have an even number of legs.

As a component of furniture, it is used for the economy of materials needed to provide the support for the useful surface, such as the table top or chair seat.
CIBACOPA All-Star Game
The CIBACOPA All-Star Game is an annual basketball event in Mexico, organised by the CIBACOPA (officially known as the Liga Chevron), one of the country's major basketball leagues. It was launched in 2001. Players like Gustavo Ayon, Larry Taylor, Tony Farmer, Jorge Camacho, Jahvon Blair, Akeem Scott, Davin White, Kavell Bigby-Williams, and Kevin Garnett's half brother Louis McCullough have featured in the event. The latter has won the MVP award a record-four times.

Kavell Bigby-Williams
Kavell Chevano Bigby-Williams (born 7 October 1995) is a British professional basketball player for the Jilin Northeast Tigers of the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA). He was named NABC NJCAA Player of the Year as a sophomore at Gillette College in 2016, before playing college basketball for the Oregon Ducks and the LSU Tigers.
Vivy: Fluorite Eye's Song
Vivy: Fluorite Eye's Song is a Japanese anime television series produced by Wit Studio. It aired from April to June 2021. A manga adaptation illustrated by Morito Yamataka was serialized in Mag Garden's Mag Comi website from April 10 to August 10, 2021, while a light novel series written by Tappei Nagatsuki and Eiji Umehara with illustrations by Loundraw was published under the Wit Novel imprint from April 30 to July 30, 2021.

Aniplus
Aniplus Inc. (Korean: 주식회사 애니플러스; RR: Jusighoesa Aniplus) is a South Korean television channel and anime distributor. Founded in 2004, the company also operates different businesses including a video on demand platform and a merchandising arm in its own country.

Aniplus is owned by JJ MediaWorks, a VOD service provider. It distributes its programs outside its own platforms to clients such as Netflix and Coupang Play.
Ronel
Ronel (French pronunciation: [ʁɔnɛl]; Languedocien: Ronèl) is a former commune in the Tarn department and Occitanie region of southern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Terre-de-Bancalié.

Occitania (administrative region)
Occitania (French: Occitanie [ɔksitani] ⓘ; Occitan: Occitània [utsiˈtanjɔ]; Catalan: Occitània [uksiˈtaniə]) is the southernmost administrative region of metropolitan France excluding Corsica, located in the south of the country, created on 1 January 2016 from the former regions of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées. The Council of State approved Occitania as the new name of the region on 28 September 2016, coming into effect on 30 September 2016.

The modern administrative region is named after the larger cultural and historical region of Occitania, which corresponds with the southern third of France. The region of Occitania as it is today covers a territory similar to that ruled by the Counts of Toulouse in the 12th and 13th centuries. The banner of arms of the Counts of Toulouse, known colloquially as the Occitan cross, is used by the modern region and is also a popular cultural symbol. In 2022, Occitania had a population of 6,080,731.