hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Mountain
James Mountain (1771 – September 23, 1813) was a prominent lawyer, educator and academic administrator in Western Pennsylvania during the early 19th century.  He was Master of Pittsburgh Academy (now University of Pittsburgh) from 1803 to 1807.  He was also among the earliest instructors and leaders of Canonsburg Academy (later Jefferson College and now Washington & Jefferson College).

Washington & Jefferson College
Washington & Jefferson College (W&J College or W&J) is a private liberal arts college in Washington, Pennsylvania, United States. It traces its origin to three Presbyterian missionaries of the 1780s, John McMillan, Thaddeus Dod, and Joseph Smith, whose early schools evolved into two rival institutions: Washington College in Washington, and Jefferson College in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. The two colleges merged in 1865 to form Washington & Jefferson College.

The 60-acre (24 ha) Washington & Jefferson College campus has more than 40 buildings, with the oldest dating to 1793. The college enrolled over 1,100 students as of fall 2022. It has a longstanding tradition of literary societies, dating back before the union of the two colleges. Nearly all of the college's students live on campus, and roughly one-third are members of fraternities or sororities. The W&J athletic program competes in NCAA Division III.
Pierre-Julien Leclair
Pierre-Julien Leclair (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ ʒyljɛ̃ ləklɛʁ]; September 16, 1860 – May 10, 1897) was a Canadian politician.

Born in Sainte-Thérèse, Canada East, he was educated at the College of Ste. Therese and studied law in Université Laval, graduating with the degree of LL.B. After studying law in the office of De Lorimier & De Lorirnier, he was admitted to the practice of law in July 1883. He later became a partner in the firm Auge, Leclair & Chaffers. He was acclaimed as the Conservative candidate to the House of Commons of Canada in an 1893 by-election for the riding of Terrebonne. He did not run in the 1896 election.

Terrebonne—Blainville
Terrebonne—Blainville (French pronunciation: [tɛʁbɔn blɛ̃vil]) was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1997 until 2015.

It was created in 1996 out of parts of Blainville—Deux-Montagnes, Repentigny and Joliette ridings.

The 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution saw the riding abolished into Terrebonne, Thérèse-De Blainville and Mirabel.
Mary MacKillop College, Wakeley
Mary MacKillop Catholic College is an independent Catholic single-sex secondary day school for girls, located in the South-western Sydney suburb of Wakeley, New South Wales, Australia.  The college provides a Catholic and general education to students covering Year 7 to Year 12 from the Smithfield, Fairfield, Cabramatta and Villawood parishes in the Fairfield area of Sydney.

Cabramatta
Cabramatta, also abbreviated as Cabra, is a suburb in South Western Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Cabramatta is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) south-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Fairfield.

Cabramatta has been a melting pot for Asian and European peoples in the latter half of the 20th century.
Watermelon stereotype
The watermelon stereotype is an anti-Black racist trope originating in the Southern United States. It first arose as a backlash against African American emancipation and economic self-sufficiency in the late 1860s. After the American Civil War, in several areas of the South, former slaves grew watermelon on their own land as a cash crop to sell. Thus, for African Americans, watermelons were a symbol of liberation and self-reliance. However, for many in the majority white culture, watermelons embodied and threatened a loss of dominance. Southern White resentment against African Americans led to a politically potent cultural caricature, using the watermelon to disparage African Americans as childish and unclean, among other negative attributes.

For several decades in the late 19th century through to the mid 20th century, the stereotype was promoted through caricatures in print, film, sculpture and music, and was a common decorative theme on household goods.

Literary device
In writing and speaking, a literary device, literary technique, rhetorical device, stylistic device, or trope is any deliberate strategy of using language that an author or orator employs to be more effective at achieving some purpose. This purpose may be: to focus or guide the audience's attention, to make the language or its content memorable, or to evoke a particular emotional, rational, aesthetic, or other response.

Literary devices are classifiable into sub-categories, such as narrative devices, poetic devices, argumentative devices, linguistic schemes or templates, or other techniques distinct to certain forms of language. They can be difficult to cleanly classify, however, as many are common across multiple such forms and can intersect under various categories, such as figures of speech.
Ezra P. Savage
Ezra Perin Savage (April 3, 1842 – January 8, 1920) was an American politician and the 12th governor of Nebraska from 1901 to 1903. He was the tenth lieutenant governor in 1901 serving under Governor Charles H. Dietrich.

Savage was born in Connersville, Indiana, but his parents moved to Iowa shortly after his birth. He graduated from high school in Davenport, Iowa and then attended Iowa College.

Grinnell College
Grinnell College (/ɡrɪˈnɛl/ grin-EL) is a private liberal arts college in Grinnell, Iowa, United States. It was established as Iowa College in 1846 by a group of Congregationalists from New England. It has an "open curriculum", which means students need not follow a prescribed list of classes. The college's 120-acre campus includes several listings on the National Register of Historic Places.
Cambodia–Laos relations
Cambodia–Laos relations are foreign relations between Cambodia and Laos established in 1956. Cambodia has an embassy in Vientiane and Laos has an embassy in Phnom Penh. Both countries are full members of the ASEAN. Both Cambodia and Laos have ruling parties, Laos has the Marxist-Leninist ideology of Lao People's Revolutionary Party while Cambodia has the Khmer nationalism as the Cambodian People's Party which is very similar to Marxist-Leninist faction, but has Monarchism and Cambodian nationalism to become part of the CPP's political system.

There are "shades of irredentism" along the border; as a result the Cambodia–Laos border was not fully demarcated as of 2019.

In April 2024, Laotian President Thongloun Sisoulith gifted two elephants to King Norodom Sihamoni during a state visit to Cambodia. The elephants, Champa and Rumduol, are named after the national flowers of the two countries.

Khmer nationalism
Khmer nationalism (or Cambodian nationalism) is a form of nationalism found in Cambodia, that asserts that Khmers (Cambodians) are a nation and promotes the cultural unity of the Khmer (Cambodian) race. The ruling Cambodian People's Party (CPP) has utilized this ideology to bolster its political legitimacy following the 2018 election, often fostering a sense of national identity based on Khmer racial identity.
Mandageria
Paleontology portal

Mandageria fairfaxi (Pronunciation: Man-daj-ee-ree-a fair-fax-i) is an extinct lobe-finned fish that lived during the Late Devonian period (Frasnian – Famennian). It is related to the much larger Hyneria; although Mandageria was smaller, likely hunted in a similar manner.

The generic epithet, Mandageria, refers to the Mandagery Sandstone, outcropping near Canowindra, Australia, where the fossils were found.  The specific epithet, fairfaxi, honors the philanthropist James Fairfax. M. fairfaxi is the state fossil emblem for New South Wales.

Famennian
The Famennian is the later of two faunal stages in the Late Devonian epoch. The most recent estimate for its duration is that it lasted from 372.15 million years ago to 358.86 million years ago. It was preceded by the Frasnian stage and followed by the Tournaisian stage.
Courtship Dating
"Courtship Dating" is a song recorded by the Canadian electronic music duo Crystal Castles for their debut studio album, Crystal Castles (2008). It was released on 21 April 2008 through Different, PIAS, and Last Gang, as the third single from the album. It was ranked as one of the best songs of the year by multiple publications.

Ethan Kath
Claudio Paolo Palmieri (born December 25, 1977), known professionally as Ethan Kath, is a Canadian musician. He was the co-founder and songwriter/producer for Crystal Castles and bassist of Kïll Cheerleadër and Die Mannequin.
Syndromic testing
Syndromic testing is a process by which a healthcare provider simultaneously tests a patient for multiple pathogens with overlapping symptomology. This allows providers to order one test to see if patients are suffering from any one of multiple causes, rather than having to order a test for each potential underlying reason for the illness. It can be used with patients that are immunosuppressed, in hospital environments that have limited testing assets, or patients that could be suffering from any number of or combination of reasons for a specific syndrome, such as respiratory distress, gastroenteritis, bloodstream infections, or CNS infections. The test uses multi-panel syndromic assays that allow the simultaneous detection of a number of agents, increasing the accuracy of tests for microbial agents. The first multiplex panel for syndromic testing to be approved by the FDA received approval in 2008, and since, panels for several potential pathogens have been approved.

Immunosuppression
Immunosuppression is a reduction of the activation or efficacy of the immune system. Some portions of the immune system itself have immunosuppressive effects on other parts of the immune system, and immunosuppression may occur as an adverse reaction to treatment of other conditions.

In general, deliberately induced immunosuppression is performed to prevent the body from rejecting an organ transplant. Additionally, it is used for treating graft-versus-host disease after a bone marrow transplant, or for the treatment of auto-immune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's disease, or Crohn's disease. This is typically done using medications, but may involve surgery (splenectomy), plasmapheresis, or radiation. A person who is undergoing immunosuppression, or whose immune system is weak for some other reasons (such as chemotherapy or HIV), is said to be immunocompromised.
Coulter counter
A Coulter counter is an apparatus for counting and sizing particles suspended in electrolytes. The Coulter counter is the commercial term for the technique known as resistive pulse sensing or electrical zone sensing. The apparatus is based on the Coulter principle named after its inventor, Wallace H. Coulter.

A typical Coulter counter has one or more microchannels that separate two chambers containing electrolyte solutions. As fluid that contains particles or cells is drawn through the microchannels, each particle causes a brief change to the electrical resistance of the liquid. The counter detects these changes in the electrical resistance.

Solution (chemistry)
In chemistry, a solution is defined by IUPAC as "A liquid or solid phase containing more than one substance, when for convenience one (or more) substance, which is called the solvent, is treated differently from the other substances, which are called solutes. When, as is often but not necessarily the case, the sum of the mole fractions of solutes is small compared with unity, the solution is called a dilute solution." One parameter of a solution is the concentration, which is a measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solution or solvent. The term "aqueous solution" is used when one of the solvents is water.
Revathi
Asha Kelunni (born 8 July 1966), better known by her stage name Revathi, is an Indian actress and director, known for her works predominantly in Tamil and Malayalam cinema - in addition to Telugu, Hindi and Kannada films.

She was one of the most successful leading actresses of South Indian cinema and has won several accolades, including three National Film Awards, and seven Filmfare Awards South. She also won the Kerala State Film Award for her performance in Bhoothakaalam (2022).

Filmfare Awards South
The Filmfare Awards South are annual awards that honour artistic and technical excellence in the Telugu cinema, Tamil cinema, Malayalam cinema and Kannada cinema. They are presented by Filmfare magazine of The Times Group. When it was introduced in 1954, the Filmfare Awards initially only recognized achievements in the Hindi cinema. In 1964 the awards were extended to Telugu, Tamil, Bengali and Marathi languages for the films released in 1963. The awards were extended to Malayalam cinema in 1967 and Kannada cinema in 1970.

Each industry is given its own set of creative awards in annual ceremonies that have predominantly been held in Chennai and Hyderabad. Before 1976, the ceremony was held in Mumbai along with Hindi segment. From 1976, the southern region segment were separated from awards for Hindi-language films and moved to Chennai first, and later to Hyderabad in 1997. The event made its debut in Bengaluru and Kochi in 2022 and 2026 respectively.
Margionys
Margionys is a village in Dzukija National Park, Varėna District Municipality, Lithuania, located south-west of Marcinkonys, 115 km away from Vilnius, 50 km away from Alytus and at the hand's reach from Druskininkai.

Back in the year 1637, Margionys had 11 households. Number of households in the village increased to 44 by the year 1889, with a total population of 271 individuals at the time. After the plague and wars, the village shrank, with only two families living in it in 1738. By 1959, the village again had 261 inhabitants. This number has decreased to 98 in 1998 and 81 in 2003.

Dzūkija National Park
Dzūkija National Park is a national park in Dzūkija, Lithuania, located 100 kilometers southwest from the capital, Vilnius, and 100 kilometers south from Kaunas. It was established on April 23, 1991 by the Supreme Court of the Republic of Lithuania. The park was established to protect and manage the territories of the Dainava land. The park mainly consists of marsh areas, lakes, rivers, swamps, inland dunes, and mountain-ridges and is the country's most extensive and protected forest.  The national park encompasses 584.53 square kilometers on the banks of the Nemunas River.

The park belongs to both the Association of Baltic National Parks and the Federation of European National Parks.
William Pellett
William Pellett (7 July 1809 – date of death unknown) was an English cricketer. Pellett's batting and bowling styles are unknown. He was born at Duncton, Sussex.

Pellett made his debut for Sussex against Nottinghamshire at the Royal New Ground, Brighton, in 1837. He made two further appearances for the Sussex in that season, against the Marylebone Cricket Club at the Royal New Ground, and a return fixture against Nottinghamshire at the Forest New Ground, Nottingham.  In his three matches, he scored a total of just 26 runs at an average of 4.33, with a high score of 12.

Sussex county cricket team (pre-1839)
Until 1838, the Sussex county cricket team, always known as Sussex, was organised by individual patrons and other groups, particularly by Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond, in the first half of the 18th century, and by Brighton Cricket Club in the second half. The team played important matches from the early 18th century until the formation of Sussex County Cricket Club on 1 March 1839.
Passy
Passy (French pronunciation: [pasi] ⓘ) is an area of Paris, France, located in the 16th arrondissement, on the Right Bank. It is adjacent to Auteuil to the southwest, and Chaillot to the northeast.

It is home to many of the city's wealthiest residents, hence its informal grouping in the Neuilly-Auteuil-Passy area. Many embassies are based in Passy.

Château de la Muette
The Château de la Muette (French pronunciation: [ʃato də la mɥɛt]) is a château located on the edge of the Bois de Boulogne in Paris, France, near the Porte de la Muette. It is the OECD's headquarters.

Three châteaux have been located on the site since a hunting lodge was transformed into the first château for Princess Marguerite of Valois, favorite daughter of King Henry II, sister of Kings Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III and the first wife of King Henry IV, in the 16th century. The first château was extended and substantially reconstructed by Louis XV. Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette lived at this second château, and the first manned flight, in a hot air balloon, set off from the château in 1783.

The old château was demolished in the 1920s to make room for substantial houses, including a new château built by Henri James de Rothschild, which now serves as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's headquarters.
AMR-2
The AMR-2 (Anti Material Rifle - 2) is a 12.7mm sniper rifle which was developed in China as an anti-materiel sniper weapon, it was introduced in the early 2000s. Designed and developed by Sichuan Huaqing Machinery Co. Ltd, a subsidiary of China South Industries Group, the rifle uses a conventional bolt-action design. The AMR-2 fires a 12.7×108mm cartridge from a 5-round detachable box magazine fitted directly ahead of the trigger group. The barrel is free-floating and has a large double baffle muzzle brake to mitigate recoil.

It is normally fitted with side-folding buttstock with an adjustable cheekpiece, a folding bipod, and a detachable rear monopod under the butt. The rifle is fitted with open iron sights on folding bases, and a Picatinny rail is provided for installation of telescopic or night sights.

Stock (firearms)
A gunstock or often simply stock, the back portion of which is also known as a shoulder stock, a buttstock, or simply a butt, is a part of a long gun that provides structural support, to which the barrel, action, and firing mechanism are attached.  The stock also provides a means for the shooter to firmly brace the gun and easily aim with stability by being held against the user's shoulder when shooting the gun, and helps to counter muzzle rise by transmitting recoil straight into the shooter's body.

The tiller of a crossbow is functionally the equivalent of the stock on a gun.
Michael Gannon residence
The Michael Gannon residence is a heritage-listed holiday home at 150 Kingsley Terrace, Manly, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built c. 1888. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 27 October 2000.

Holiday cottage
A holiday cottage, holiday home, vacation home, or vacation property is accommodation used for holiday vacations, corporate travel, and temporary housing often for less than 30 days.  Such properties are typically small homes, such as cottages, that travelers can rent and enjoy as if it were their own home for the duration of their stay.  The properties may be owned by those using them for a vacation, in which case the term second home applies; or may be rented out to holidaymakers through an agency.

Terminology varies among countries.  In the United Kingdom this type of property is usually termed a holiday home or holiday cottage; in Australia, a holiday house/home, or weekender; in New Zealand, a bach or crib.
Nyumba ya Mungu Dam
Nyumba ya Mungu Dam is a Tanzanian,   hydroelectric dam located in and operated in Mwanga District, Kilimanjaro Region. It was built in the late 1960s and is Kilimanjaro region's largest artificial water body. Nyumba ya Mungu Reservoir. The reservoir is shared with Moshi District of Kilimanjaro Region and Simanjiro District of Manyara Region.  Nyumba ya Mungu means 'House of God'. Its installed capacity is 8 megawatts (11,000 hp).

Manyara Region
Manyara Region (Mkoa wa Manyara in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. The regional capital is the town of Babati. According to the 2012 national census, the region had a population of 1,425,131, which was lower than the pre-census projection of 1,497,555.: page 2  For 2002–2012, the region's 3.2 percent average annual population growth rate was tied for the third highest in the country.: page 4  It was also the 22nd most densely populated region with 32 people per square kilometre.: page 6

Lake Manyara is in the northern part of the region. It is bordered to the north by the Arusha Region, to the northeast by the Kilimanjaro Region, to the east by the Tanga Region, to the south by the Dodoma Region, to the southeast by the Morogoro Region, to the southwest by the Singida Region, and to the northwest by the Simiyu Region. The highest mountain in the Manyara Region is Mount Hanang.
Ralph Slater
Ralph Slater (1754–1830) was an English millwright, active in the second half of the 18th century and early 19th, ostensibly known for his windmills on the Fylde in Lancashire, England. One of them, Marsh Mill, is a Grade II* listed building.

Windmill
A windmill is a machine operated by the force of wind acting on vanes or sails to mill grain (gristmills), pump water, generate electricity, or drive other machinery.
Windmills were used throughout the high medieval and early modern periods; the horizontal or panemone windmill first appeared in Persia during the 9th century, and the vertical windmill first appeared in northwestern Europe in the 12th century. Regarded as an icon of Dutch culture, there are approximately 1,000 windmills in the Netherlands today.
Galerie Moos
The Maison Moos, later called the Galerie Moos, was an art gallery and auction house founded in 1906 in Geneva by the art dealer Max Moos. The gallery closed in 1976.

A distinction must be made between the Galerie Moos founded by Max Moos, the father, and the Galerie Georges Moos founded by his son in 1941, also in Geneva, which closed in 1986. Several other art galleries have been established around the world by various members of the Moos family: in Karlsruhe, New York, Toronto, and Zurich.

Cuno Amiet
Cuno Amiet (28 March 1868 – 6 July 1961) was a Swiss painter, illustrator, graphic artist and sculptor. As the first Swiss painter to give precedence to colour in composition, he was a pioneer of modern art in Switzerland.
Baynun fortress
Baynun fortress was an ancient fortress in Yemen, not far from Sana'a. The geographical dictionary of Yaqut reports that it was a large fortress near San'a' that had been built by Solomon along with Salhin. The ruins of the fortress are on top of a mountain, an ancient site referred to by some as an-Nasla meaning "the dagger of jambiyya". Two sets of ruins of ancient towns exist in the area which were known as ad-Dakhala and Minara. It was a Himyarite stronghold and al-Hamdani reported that King As'ad Tubba' used the fortress as his residence for some time;
legend has it that an older Sabaean fortification of Baynun had been constructed for the Queen of Sheba and had been given to her by Solomon. Yaqut claimed it was destroyed during the Abyssinian conquest by the Aksumites in the 6th century, specifically the year 525 in order to overthrow Dhu Nuwas. The poet Dhu Jadan al-Himyari wrote about the destruction of Baynun.

Queen of Sheba
The Queen of Sheba, named Bilqis in Arabic and Makeda in Geʽez, is a figure first mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. In the original story, she brings a caravan of valuable gifts for Solomon, the fourth King of Israel and Judah. This account has undergone extensive elaborations in Judaism, Ethiopian Christianity, and Islam. It has consequently become the subject of one of the most widespread and fertile cycles of legends in West Asia and Northeast Africa, as well as in other regions where the Abrahamic religions have had a significant impact.

Modern historians and archaeologists identify Sheba as one of the South Arabian kingdoms, which existed in modern-day Yemen. However, because no trace of her has ever been found, the Queen of Sheba's existence is disputed among historians.