hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tetramethyl orthosilicate
Tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) is the chemical compound with the formula Si(OCH3)4.  This molecule consists of four methoxy groups bonded to a silicon atom. It is the tetramethyl ester of orthosilicic acid. The basic properties are similar to the more popular tetraethyl orthosilicate, which is usually preferred because the product of hydrolysis, ethanol, is less toxic than methanol.

Tetramethyl orthosilicate hydrolyzes to SiO2:

Si(OCH3)4 + 2 H2O → SiO2 + 4 CH3OH

In organic synthesis, Si(OCH3)4 has been used to convert ketones and aldehydes to the corresponding ketals and acetals, respectively.

Ketone
In organic chemistry, a ketone /ˈkiːtoʊn/ is an organic compound with the structure R−C(=O)−R', where R and R' can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents. Ketones contain a carbonyl group −C(=O)− (a carbon-oxygen double bond C=O). A ketone derived from an alkane is an alkanone. The simplest ketone is acetone (where R and R' are methyl), with the formula (CH3)2CO. Many ketones are of great importance in biology and industry. Examples include many sugars (ketoses), many steroids, e.g., testosterone, and the solvent acetone.
Mac William Íochtar
Mac William Íochtar (Lower Mac William), also known as the Mayo Burkes, were a fully Gaelicised branch of the Hiberno-Norman House of Burgh in Ireland. Mayo covered much of the northern part of the province of Connacht and the Mac William Íochtar functioned as a regional king and received the White Rod. The title was a successor office to the Lord of Connacht which ended upon the assassination of William Donn de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster, in June 1333.

William Donn de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster
William de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster and 4th Baron of Connaught (English: /dəˈbɜːr/ də-BUR; 17 September 1312 – 6 June 1333) was an Irish noble who was Lieutenant of Ireland (1331) and whose murder, aged 20, led to the Burke Civil War.
Kelepi Ketedromo
Kelepi Rokoua Ketedromo (born 24 March 1981) is a Fijian former international rugby union player.

Raised in Vaturova, Cakaudrove Province, Ketedromo began playing rugby in primary school. He undertook his secondary schooling in Labasa, at Labasa College and then All Saints Secondary School.

Ketedromo played for the Navoci club after moving to Nadi and made his first national representative team as a Fiji Warriors representative at the 2009 Pacific Rugby Cup. Between 2010 and 2012, Ketedromo was capped five times for the full national side, primarily as a number eight. He captained the Fiji Warriors at the 2012 Pacific Rugby Cup in Australia.

2009 Pacific Rugby Cup
The IRB Pacific Rugby Cup 2009 was the fourth edition of the Pacific Rugby Cup competition. First held in 2006, the 2009 edition, like its predecessors, featured 6 representative rugby union football teams; 2 from each of the three Pacific rugby unions - Fiji, Samoa and Tonga.

Fiji Warriors won the championship, defeating Upolu Samoa in the final.
Jack Litman
Jack Theodore Litman (July 26, 1943 – January 23, 2010) was a criminal defense lawyer most famous for his "blame the victim" defense of Robert Chambers, Jr. (the "Preppy Killer").

The son of a Jewish Belgian haberdasher and his wife, who together fled Europe the day before the Nazi invasion of Belgium, Litman was born in New York City. He attended Stuyvesant High School and Cornell University before enrolling in Harvard Law School, from which he graduated in 1967.

After a Fulbright scholarship in France he joined the Manhattan District Attorney's office under the leadership of Frank Hogan. He left the DA's office as deputy chief of the homicide bureau, and became a defense attorney.

He died at age 66 in January, 2010, of lymphoma, a disease he had for more than ten years.

Frank Hogan
Frank Smithwick Hogan (January 17, 1902 – April 2, 1974) was an American lawyer and politician from New York. He served as New York County District Attorney for more than 30 years, during which he achieved a reputation for professionalism and integrity.
David William Crews
David William Crews (February 18, 1933 – February 8, 2015) was an American lawyer and politician from Texas.

Born in Karnes City, Texas, Crews received his bachelor's degree from Baylor University and his law degree from Baylor Law School. He practiced law in Conroe, Texas. From 1961 to 1969, Crews was a member of the Texas House of Representatives as a representative of the Democratic party. Crews died in Conroe in 2015.

Karnes City, Texas
Karnes City is a city in and the county seat of Karnes County, Texas, United States. Its population was 3,111 at the 2020 census, up from 3,042 at the 2010 census. The town was named after Henry Karnes of the Texas Revolution. Karnes is 24 miles (39 km) southeast of Floresville and 54 miles (87 km) southeast of San Antonio on U.S. Highway 181.
2024 Speedway Grand Prix of Czech Republic
The 2024 Orlen FIM Speedway Grand Prix of Czech Republic was the fourth round of the 2024 Speedway Grand Prix season. It took place on 1 June at the Markéta Stadium in Prague, Czech Republic. It was the 30th Speedway Grand Prix of Czech Republic.

The event was won by Martin Vaculík for the third consecutive year. It was Vaculík's 8th career Grand Prix win.

Markéta Stadium
The Markéta Stadium (Czech: Plochodrážní stadion Markéta) is a 10,000-capacity multi-use stadium on U Vojtěšky in Břevnov, Prague, Czech Republic. The stadium hosts motorcycle speedway and has been the home of the Speedway Grand Prix of Czech Republic since 1997. The speedway track has a circumference of 353 metres (386 yards).

The stadium opened during the 1930s as an athletics ground and is home to the athletics club PSK Olymp Praha and the Prague speedway team AK Markéta Praha. Since 1959, it has been hosting international speedway events and on an annual basis it also holds the Luboš Tomíček Memorial, named after the rider Luboš Tomíček Sr.

In 2022, the stadium was selected as the first ever venue for 2022 SGP2. In 2023, the stadium hosted rugby matches during the 2022–23 Rugby Europe International Championships.
Take Me Down
"Take Me Down" is a song recorded by American country music band Alabama.  It was released in May 1982 as the second single from Alabama's album Mountain Music.

Written by Exile band members Mark Gray and J.P. Pennington, the song was originally recorded by Exile in 1980. The Exile version was released as a single, but failed to become a major hit, although it reached number 102 on the US Bubbling Under chart and number 11 in South Africa.

However, it was not until Alabama released the song that it was the group's seventh number one on the country chart. In addition to its success on the country charts, the song fared modestly well on pop radio, reaching No. 18 on the Billboard Hot 100.

J.P. Pennington
James Preston Pennington (born January 22, 1949) is an American musician, known primarily as the guitarist and co-lead vocalist of the country pop band Exile. Pennington was one of the early members and one of the lead singers of the group until departing in 1989, though he would later reform the band in 1995, before reuniting the mid-80's country lineup in 2008. After leaving Exile, he signed to MCA Records as a solo artist. There, he released three singles and one album, Whatever It Takes, in 1991. Pennington re-established the band in 1995, together with guitarist Les Taylor.
Konuško
Konuško (pronounced [kɔˈnuːʃkɔ]) is a small dispersed settlement in the Municipality of Šmarje pri Jelšah in eastern Slovenia. It lies in the hills south of Šmarje in the traditional region of Styria. With the division of Slovenia into statistical regions in 2007 the entire municipality was included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Dispersed settlement
A dispersed settlement, also known as a scattered settlement, is one of the main types of settlement patterns used by landscape historians to classify rural settlements found in England and other parts of the world.  Typically, there are a number of separate farmsteads scattered throughout the area. A dispersed settlement contrasts with a nucleated village.

The French term bocage is sometimes used to describe the type of landscape found where dispersed settlements are common.

In addition to Western Europe, dispersed patterns of settlement are found in parts of Papua New Guinea, as among the Gainj, Ankave, and Baining tribes. It is also frequently met with in nomadic pastoral societies.
In Ghana, Kumbyili in the northern region is also an example of a dispersed settlement
James McMillan (footballer, born 1869)
James Andrew McMillan (11 April 1869 – 20 February 1937) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Everton. He had earlier played for Vale of Leven, featuring on the losing side in the 1890 Scottish Cup Final, and later returned to Scottish football with St Bernard's,  his club at the time of making one appearance for the Scotland national team in 1897 against Wales after impressing in a trial. He later returned to live on Merseyside with his family.

Vale of Leven F.C.
Vale of Leven Football Club is a Scottish football club based in the town of Alexandria, in the Vale of Leven area of West Dunbartonshire. Nicknamed "the Vale" and reformed in 1939, the club competes in West of Scotland League Fourth Division, the ninth tier of Scottish football, holding home games at Millburn Park.
RR Telescopii
RR Telescopii is a symbiotic nova in the southern constellation Telescopium.  It was recorded on photographic survey plates as a faint variable star between photographic magnitude (mpg) 9 to 16.6 from 1889 to 1944.  In late 1944 the star began to brighten, increasing by about 7 magnitudes, from mpg ≈ 14 to brighter than 8.  Brightening continued with a diminished rate of increase after early 1945, but the overall outburst was not noted until the star was seen at about 6.0, the threshold of naked eye brightness, in July 1948.  At that time it was given the designation Nova Telescopii 1948.  Since mid-1949 it has declined in brightness slowly, albeit accompanied by some remarkable changes in its spectrum, and as of August 2013 it had faded to visual magnitude around 12.

Photographic magnitude
Photographic magnitude (mph or mp ) is a measure of the relative brightness of a star or other astronomical object as imaged on a photographic film emulsion with a camera attached to a telescope. An object's apparent photographic magnitude depends on its intrinsic luminosity, its distance and any extinction of light by interstellar matter existing along the line of sight to the observer.

Photographic observations have now been superseded by electronic photometry such as CCD charge-coupled device cameras that convert the incoming light into an electric current by the photoelectric effect. Determination of magnitude is made using a photometer.
Johannes Vetter
Johannes Vetter (German: [joˈhanəs ˈfɛtɐ]; born 26 March 1993) is a German athlete who competes in the javelin throw. He won gold at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics. His personal best of 97.76 m is the German record, and ranks him second on the overall list behind Jan Železný. Vetter currently trains under Boris Obergföll and is a member of LG Offenburg's track and field squad. He was previously with SV Saar 05 Saarbrücken and Dresdner SC.

SV Saar 05 Saarbrücken
SV Saar 05 Saarbrücken is a German sports association based in Saarbrücken, Saarland. The largest club in the state, it is best known for its athletics department, and also fields an association football team.
Maddalena (Genoa)
Maddalena (Ligurian: Madænn-a) is a neighbourhood in the old town of the Italian city of Genoa. It was one of the six sestieri of ancient Genoa. At present it is part of Municipio I (Centro Est) of Great Genoa.

Located close to the old harbour it had been for many centuries the seat of the economical power of the city.

Genoa Expo '92
L'Esposizione Internazionale Specializzata Genova '92 - Colombo '92 (in English International Exhibition Genoa '92 - Colombo '92) or more informally Expo 1992, was held in Genoa, Italy from 15 May to 15 August 1992. The theme was "Christopher Columbus, The Ship and the Sea", and the Expo was timed to celebrate the 500 years since the discovery of America by the Genoese sailor Christopher Columbus. Because of the theme, the expo was also known as Colombiadi. It was a specialized Exhibition with 54 countries represented. Total visitors were 694,800. The exposition ran at the same time as the larger and longer duration Seville Expo '92, a Universal Exposition, held in the city from whose port (on the Guadalquivir) Columbus had sailed in 1492. The expo's logo was a "500" number with Genoa's flag; the mascot was a cat dressed like Christopher Columbus called "Gatto Cristoforo"
Quartier des Grandes-Carrières
The quartier des Grandes-Carrières (French pronunciation: [kaʁtje de ɡʁɑ̃d kaʁjɛʁ], "Large Quarries district") district is the 69th administrative district of Paris located in the west of the 18th arrondissement.

It gets its name from the former quarries of gypsum, a basic component of plaster, that were located at the foot of Montmartre since the Middle Ages. The Montmartre Cemetery is the main vestige of the largest gypsum quarry of Paris.

Grandes-Carrières extends north from the Place de Clichy, bordered to the west by Épinettes and to the east by Montmartre and Clignancourt.

Place de Clichy
The Place de Clichy (French pronunciation: [plas də kliʃi]), also known as the Place Clichy, is a city square situated in the northwestern quadrant of Paris. It is formed by the intersection of the Boulevard de Clichy, the Avenue de Clichy, the Rue de Clichy, the Boulevard des Batignolles, and the Rue d'Amsterdam.

It lies at the former site of the barrière de Clichy, an ancient portal in the Wall of the Farmers-General, leading to the village of Clichy, outside the wall.
Potomac Creek
Potomac Creek is a 16.7-mile-long (26.9 km) tidal tributary of the Potomac River in King George and Stafford counties, Virginia. Potomac Creek's source lies between the communities of Glendie and Paynes Corner in Stafford County.  It empties into the Potomac River at Marlboro Point. Potomac Creek forms as a dam to form Abel Lake.

Stafford County, Virginia
Stafford County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is approximately 40 miles (64 km) south of Washington, D.C. It is part of the Northern Virginia region, and the D.C area. It is one of the fastest-growing and highest-income counties in America. As of the 2020 United States census, the population sits at 156,927. Its county seat is Stafford.

Located across the Rappahannock River from the City of Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County, Stafford County is part of the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 2006, and again in 2009, Stafford was ranked by Forbes magazine as the 11th highest-income county in the United States. According to a Census Bureau report released in 2019, Stafford County is currently the sixth highest-income county in America.
Mong Ling Shan
Mong Ling Shan, also known as Möng Ling Shan, is one of the highest mountains of the Shan Hills. It is located in the Namtit Special District of Wa State, Myanmar close to the border with China and 122 km to the ENE of Lashio. It is the highest peak in Myanmar Shan State.

Wa State
Wa State is a de facto independent state and de jure self-governing region in Myanmar that has its own political system, administrative divisions and army. While the Wa State government recognises Myanmar's sovereignty over all of its territory, this does not include allegiance to any specific government. The 2008 Constitution of Myanmar officially recognises the northern part of Wa State as the Wa Self-Administered Division of Shan State. It is run as a de facto communist state ruled by the United Wa State Party (UWSP), which split from the Communist Party of Burma (CPB) in 1989. Wa State is divided into three counties, two special districts, and one economic development zone. The administrative capital is Pangkham, formerly known as Pangsang. The name Wa is derived from the Wa ethnic group, who speak an Austroasiatic language.
Lågendalen
Lågendalen (English: Lågen Valley) is a valley located in eastern Norway.

Lågendalen forms the lower part of the valley through which the river Numedalslågen flows. The valley lies between the town of Kongsberg in Kongsberg Municipality in Buskerud county and the town of Larvik in Larvik Municipality in Vestfold county. North of Kongsberg, the valley is known as Numedal.

The Lågendalen valley is relatively flat, characterized by farmland and wooded hills in both Kongsberg and Larvik municipalities. It includes the villages of Svarstad, Kvelde, Steinsholt, and Skollenberg. Lågendalen is most commonly known for potato cultivation and salmon fishing. Lågendalen is also the location of several Medieval era stone churches: Hedrum Church, Hem Church, Efteløt Church, and Hedenstad Church.

Hedrum Church
Hedrum Church (Norwegian: Hedrum kirke) is a medieval parish church of the Church of Norway in Larvik Municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. It is located in the village of Hedrum, along the river Numedalslågen. It is the church for the Hedrum parish which is part of the Larvik prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Tunsberg. The red wood and brown/gray stone church was built in a Romanesque long church design around the year 1100 using plans drawn up by an unknown architect. The church seats about 300 people.: 139  As a medieval building, it automatically has protected cultural heritage status.
Volha Talayeva
Volha Talayeva (born 6 January 1987 in Vitebsk) is a Belarusian short track speed skater.

Talayeva competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for Belarus. In the 1500 metres she was sixth in her heat, ending up 32nd overall.

As of September 2014, Talayeva's best performance at the World Championships came in 2014, when she finished 31st in the 1500m, and her top World Cup ranking is 38th, in the 1500 metres in 2013–14.

2013–14 ISU Short Track Speed Skating World Cup
The 2013–14 ISU Short Track Speed Skating World Cup was a multi-race tournament over a season for short track speed skating. The season began on 28 September 2013 and ended on 17 November 2013. The World Cup was organised by the ISU who also run world cups and championships in speed skating and figure skating. The 3rd and 4th legs of the world cup, held in Turin and Kolomna, acted as qualifying events for the 2014 Winter Olympics.

The World Cup consisted of just four competitions this year (rather than six) due to the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.
Edouard Vereycken
Edouard Vereycken (1893–1965), also known as Edward Vereycken, was a Belgian sculptor whose work was influenced by Auguste Rodin and Jef Lambeaux. He was born in Antwerp, studied at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts (Antwerp), and worked in Italy, America, Canada, and France. In 1920 Vereycken won the Prix de Rome for his Perseus.

Prix de Rome
The Prix de Rome (pronounced [pʁi də ʁɔm]) or Grand Prix de Rome was a French scholarship for arts students, initially for painters and sculptors, that was established in 1663 during the reign of Louis XIV of France. Winners were awarded a bursary that allowed them to stay in Rome for three to five years at the expense of the state. The prize was extended to architecture in 1720, music in 1803 and engraving in 1804. The prestigious award was abolished in 1968 by André Malraux, then Minister of Culture, following the May 68 riots that called for cultural change.
Xylophanes lichyi
Xylophanes lichyi is a moth of the  family Sphingidae. It is known from Bolivia.

The length of the forewings is 29–35 mm for males and 32–38 mm for females. It is similar to Xylophanes maculator, but the dorsal lines of the tegulae, thorax and abdomen are fainter. Furthermore, the forewing upperside ground colour is more greenish, the first postmedian line is more basal in position and dentate over its distal half and the median band of the hindwing upperside is broader, with an even inner edge and lacking the pink shading.

The larvae probably feed on Rubiaceae and Malvaceae species.

Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae (/ruːbiˈeɪsiːˌiː, -siˌaɪ/) is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 14,200 species in about 615 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family by number of species. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. Economically important genera include  Coffea, the source of coffee; Cinchona, the source of the antimalarial alkaloid quinine; ornamental cultivars (e.g., Gardenia, Ixora, Pentas); and historically some dye plants (e.g., Rubia).
Scoops (magazine)
Scoops was a weekly British science fiction magazine published by Pearson's in tabloid format in 1934, edited by Haydn Dimmock. Scoops was launched as a boy's paper, and it was not until several issues had appeared that Dimmock discovered there was an adult audience for science fiction.  Circulation was poor, and Dimmock attempted to change the magazine's focus to more mature material.  He reprinted Arthur Conan Doyle's The Poison Belt, improved the cover art, and obtained fiction from British science fiction writers such as John Russell Fearn and Maurice Hugi, but to no avail.  Pearson's cancelled the magazine because of poor sales; the twentieth issue, dated 23 June 1934, was the last. The failure of the magazine contributed to the belief that Britain could not support a science fiction magazine, and it was not until 1937, with Tales of Wonder, that another attempt was made.

Tabloid (newspaper format)
A tabloid is a newspaper format characterized by its compact size, smaller than a broadsheet. The term originates from the 19th century, when the London-based pharmaceutical company Burroughs Wellcome & Co. used the term to describe compressed pills, later adopted by newspapers to denote condensed content. There are two main types of tabloid newspaper: red tops and compact, distinguished by editorial style.

Red top tabloids are distinct from broadsheet newspapers, which traditionally cater to more affluent, educated audiences with in-depth reporting and analysis. However, the line between tabloids and broadsheets has blurred in recent decades, as many broadsheet newspapers have adopted tabloid or compact formats to reduce costs and attract readers.

Globally, the tabloid format has been adapted to suit regional preferences and media landscapes. In countries like Germany and Australia, tabloids such as Bild and The Daily Telegraph have significant readerships and political clout.
Fort Suse
Fort Suse is an Iraqi military installation located in the Kurdistan region of Iraq in the vicinity of Al-Sulamaniya. It was built in 1977 by Russian engineers as a barracks and training facility, but now serves as a prison.

Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan or Southern Kurdistan (Kurdish: باشووری کوردستان, romanized: Başûrê Kurdistanê) refers to the Kurdish-populated part of northern Iraq. It is considered one of the four parts of Greater Kurdistan in West Asia, which also includes parts of southeastern Turkey (Northern Kurdistan), northern Syria (Western Kurdistan), and northwestern Iran (Eastern Kurdistan). Much of the geographical and cultural region of Iraqi Kurdistan is part of the Kurdistan Region (KRI), a semi-autonomous region recognized by the Constitution of Iraq. As with the rest of Kurdistan, and unlike most of the rest of Iraq, the region is inland and mountainous.