hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ibrahim Makama Misau
Ibrahim Makama Misau is a Nigerian politician, businessman, and a retired Superintendent of Police (SP) of the Nigeria Police Force. He was a member of the All Progressives Congress (APC), a political party in Nigeria.

Nigeria Police Force
The Nigeria Police Force is the principal law enforcement and the lead security agency in Nigeria. It was designated by the 1999 constitution as the national police of Nigeria, with exclusive jurisdiction throughout the country. As at 2021, it had a staff strength of about 371,800. There are currently plans to increase the force to 650,000, adding 280,000 new recruits to the existing 370,000. The Nigeria Police Force is a very large organisation consisting of 36 State commands and Federal Capital Territory (FCT) grouped into 17 zones and 8 administrative organs. As of February 2026, the NPF is headed by IGP (Inspector General) Tunji Disu. In 2020, it underwent major overhauls.
Manufacture d'armes de Châtellerault
The Manufacture d'Armes de Châtellerault (French pronunciation: [manyfaktyʁ daʁm də ʃatɛlʁo], "Châtellerault Weapons Factory", abbr. MAC) was a French state-owned weapons manufacturer in the town of Châtellerault, Vienne. It was created by a royal decree of 14 July 1819 to manufacture swords, then (after 1850) firearms and cannons. Antoine Treuille de Beaulieu in 1840 began to develop the concept of rifled artillery at Châtellerault for the French Army. The Lebel Model 1886 rifle, the first military firearm to use smokeless powder ammunition and the primary French infantry weapon during World War I, was developed and produced here.

Poudre B
Poudre B was the first practical smokeless gunpowder created in 1884. It was perfected between 1882 and 1884 at "Laboratoire Central des Poudres et Salpêtres" in Paris, France. Originally called "Poudre V" from the name of the inventor, Paul Vieille, it was arbitrarily renamed "Poudre B" (short for poudre blanche—white powder, as distinguished from black powder) to distract German espionage. "Poudre B" is made from 68.2% insoluble nitrocellulose, 29.8% soluble nitrocellulose gelatinized with ether and 2% paraffin.  "Poudre B" is made up of very small paper-thin flakes that are not white but dark greenish grey in colour. "Poudre B" was first used to load the 8mm Lebel cartridges issued in 1886 for the Lebel rifle.
7th California Infantry Regiment
The 7th California Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.  It spent its entire term of service in the western United States, attached to the Department of the Pacific, serving in California and Arizona Territory.  They were unofficially known as the "Gold Diggers" in reference to the large number of recruits from the California's "Mother Lode" region.  Later, they were also called the "Hungry Seventh" for the privations they suffered in Arizona, particularly at Fort Mason. They saw combat at the Battle of Chiricahua Mountains, and at Skull Valley. The Regiment included many veterans of the Mexican–American War.

Tubac, Arizona
Tubac is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Cruz County, Arizona, United States. The population was 1,191 at the 2010 census. The place name "Tubac" is an English borrowing from a Hispanicized form of the O'odham name Cuwak, which translates into English as "place of dark water". When first taken into Spanish speech, it was spelled Tubaca. Finally, over time, the latter "a" was dropped. Tubac is situated on the Santa Cruz River.

Tubac was the original Spanish colonial garrison in Arizona. It was depopulated during the O'odham Uprising in the 18th century. During the 19th century, the area was repopulated by miners, farmers and ranchers, but the town of Tubac is best known today as an artists' colony.
Turn Out the Stars: The Final Village Vanguard Recordings
Turn Out the Stars: The Final Village Vanguard Recordings is a six-CD box set live album by jazz pianist Bill Evans with Marc Johnson and Joe LaBarbera recorded over four nights at the Village Vanguard in New York City in 1980 and released on CD on the Warner Bros. label in 1996. A concurrent LP release was made on Mosaic.

Johnny Mercer
John Herndon Mercer (November 18, 1909 – June 25, 1976) was an American lyricist, songwriter, and singer, as well as a record label executive who co-founded Capitol Records with music industry businessmen Buddy DeSylva and Glenn E. Wallichs.

He is best known as a Tin Pan Alley lyricist, but he also composed music and was a popular singer who recorded his own as well as others' songs from the mid-1930s through the mid-1950s. Mercer's songs were among the most successful hits of the time, including "Moon River", "Days of Wine and Roses", "Autumn Leaves", and "Hooray for Hollywood". He wrote the lyrics to more than 1,500 songs, including compositions for movies and Broadway shows. He received nineteen Oscar nominations, and won four Best Original Song Oscars.
Marc Bolle
Marc Bolle (born 24 June 1949) is a Belgian former professional tennis player.

Bolle, a native of Ghent, competed in the main draw of the 1969 Australian Open and was beaten in the first round by the sixth seed Pancho Gonzales. He went on to play collegiate tennis for the University of Tennessee in the early 1970s.

Pancho Gonzales
Ricardo Alonso "Pancho" González (May 9, 1928 – July 3, 1995), known sometimes as Richard Gonzales, was an American tennis player. He won 15 major singles titles, including two U.S. National Championships in 1948 and 1949, and 13 Professional majors. He also won three Tournament of Champions professional events in 1957, 1958, and 1959. Gonzales was ranked as the amateur world No. 1 in 1948 by Ned Potter and in 1949 by Potter  and John Olliff.

Gonzales was a prominent professional champion in the 1950s and 1960s, winning world professional championship tours between 1954 and 1961; he was the world number one ranked male tennis player professional between 1952 and 1961. Gonzales was a determined competitor with a fierce temper.  He was often at odds with officials and promoters. However, he was a fan favorite who drew many spectators.
Lower Boddington
Lower Boddington is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Boddington, in the West Northamptonshire district, in the ceremonial county of Northamptonshire, England. Lower Boddington is the smaller of the two villages in Boddington parish, most of whose facilities are located in Upper Boddington. It is about 8.5 miles (13.7 km) southwest of Daventry. In 1931 the parish had a population of 127. On 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished and merged with Upper Boddington to form "Boddington".

The villages name means 'Bota's hill'.

Children from Lower Boddington are most likely to attend a primary school in Aston le Walls, Chipping Warden, Leamington Spa or Upper Boddington. Teenagers are likely to attend Chenderit School, Southam College, 
Princethorpe College or Blesséd George Napier RC School in nearby Banbury.

Lower Boddington has a public house, the Carpenters Arms, owned by the Hook Norton Brewery.

Hook Norton Brewery
Hook Norton Brewery is a regional brewery in Hook Norton, Oxfordshire, England, several miles outside the Cotswold Hills. Founded in 1849, the brewing plant is a traditional Victorian 'tower' brewery in which all the stages of the brewing process flow logically from floor to floor; mashing at the top, boiling in the middle, fermentation and racking at the bottom. Until 2006, the brewing process was powered by steam. Beer is still delivered in the village by horse-drawn dray.
Workers Power (United States)
Workers Power was a short lived Trotskyist faction in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

In the 1970s the Third Camp group International Socialists carried out its most successful work within organized labor within the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, helping to organize rank-and-file opposition to corruption and misspending of union finances by the leadership. Among the people they recruited in this drive was Pete Camarata who became the IS's principal figure within the union. However by the late 1970s Camarata split with the IS claiming that they were too willing to compromise during the intra-union struggles. Workers Power published a periodical called Against the Current which argued that the disparate tendencies of the revolutionary left should unify despite their political differences. Workers Power re-merged with the International Socialists in March 1985, during the series of mergers that culminated in creating Solidarity.

Pete Camarata
Pete Camarata  (born September 7, 1946, in Detroit, Michigan died February 9 2014.) was a Teamster labor activist and one of the founders of Teamsters for a Democratic Union a rank-and-file union democracy movement organizing to reform the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT), or Teamsters.
Umpire
An umpire is an official in a variety of sports and competition, responsible for enforcing the rules of the sport, including sportsmanship decisions such as ejection.

The term derives from the Old French nonper, non, 'not' and per, 'equal': 'one who is requested to act as arbiter of a dispute between two people' (as evidenced in cricket, where dismissal decisions can only be made on appeal). Noumper shows up around 1350 before undergoing a linguistic shift known as false splitting. It was written in 1426–1427 as a noounpier; the n was lost with the a indefinite article becoming an. The earliest version without the n shows up as owmpere, a variant spelling in Middle English, circa 1440. The leading n became permanently attached to the article, changing it to an Oumper around 1475.

The word was applied to the officials of many sports including baseball, association football (where it has been superseded by assistant-referee) and cricket (which still uses it).

Racing Rules of Sailing
The Racing Rules of Sailing (often abbreviated to RRS) govern the conduct of yacht racing, windsurfing, kitesurfing, model boat racing, dinghy racing and virtually any other form of racing around a course with more than one vessel while powered by the wind. A new revision is published every four years (after the Olympic Games) by World Sailing, the sport's world governing body.  Full information on the rules can be viewed at World Sailing.
Visa requirements for Lithuanian citizens
Visa requirements for Lithuanian citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Lithuania by the authorities of other states. As of 2025 Lithuanian citizens have  visa-free or visa on arrival access to 181 countries and territories, ranking the Lithuanian passport 11th, tied with Iceland passport in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.

Icelandic passport
Icelandic passports (Icelandic: íslenskt vegabréf) are issued to citizens of Iceland for the purpose of international travel. Beside serving as proof of Icelandic citizenship, they facilitate the process of securing assistance from Icelandic consular officials abroad (or public officials in the mission of another Nordic country in case an Icelandic consular official is absent).

As of 2023, 94.9% of Icelandic citizens possess an Icelandic passport. The only other official document issued by the Icelandic government stating Icelandic citizenship is the Icelandic identity card.

The passport allows for the freedom of movement in any of the states of EFTA and the EU/EEA. This is because Iceland is a member state of EFTA, and by virtue of it also being a member of the European Economic Area (EEA) and part of the Schengen Area. For travel within the Nordic countries no identity documentation is legally required for Nordic citizens due to the Nordic Passport Union.
Williamsport and North Branch Railroad
The Williamsport and North Branch Railroad was a short line that operated in north-central Pennsylvania between 1872 and 1937. After a long struggle to finance its construction, it was completed in 1893. It derived most of its freight revenue from logging and to a certain extent from anthracite coal traffic. It also carried many passengers to mountain resorts in Sullivan County, Pennsylvania. With the decline of the logging industry and increased accessibility of the region by automobile in the 1910s and 1920s, the railroad's business rapidly declined. The economic blow of the Great Depression proved insurmountable, and it was abandoned as unprofitable in 1937.

Sullivan County, Pennsylvania
Sullivan County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,840, making it the second-least populous county in Pennsylvania. Its county seat is Laporte. The county was created on March 15, 1847, from part of Lycoming County and named for Major General John Sullivan. The county is part of the Northeast Pennsylvania region of the state.
Sergey Karaganov
Sergey Alexandrovich Karaganov (Russian: Серге́й Алекса́ндрович Карага́нов, born 12 September 1952) is a Russian political scientist who heads the Council for Foreign and Defense Policy, a security analytical institution founded by Vitaly Shlykov. He is also the dean of the Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs at Moscow's Higher School of Economics. Karaganov was a close associate of Yevgeny Primakov, and has been Presidential Advisor to both Boris Yeltsin and Vladimir Putin. He is considered close to Putin and Sergey Lavrov.

Karaganov has been a member of the Trilateral Commission since 1998, and served on the International Advisory Board of the Council on Foreign Relations. He has also been Deputy Director of the Institute of Europe at the USSR (now Russian) Academy of Sciences since 1983.

Bruno Maçães
Bruno Maçães (born 1974) is a Portuguese political scientist, politician, consultant and author. From 2013 to 2015 he served as Secretary of State for European Affairs in the Portuguese government. As of 2026 he is a columnist for the New Statesman, a member of the European Council on Foreign Relations, and also a member of the Advisory Council for the Brussels Institute of Geopolitics. He has introduced a number of new concepts in contemporary politics such as “Eurasian dialectics,” virtualism, world building, and “civilisation state.”
1962 Minnesota Attorney General election
The 1962 Minnesota Attorney General election was held on November 6, 1962, in order to elect the attorney general of Minnesota. Democratic–Farmer–Labor (DFL) nominee and incumbent attorney general Walter Mondale defeated the Republican nominee, Robert Lowe Kunzig.

Minnesota Attorney General
The attorney general of Minnesota is a constitutional officer in the executive branch of the U.S. state of Minnesota. Thirty individuals have held the office of Attorney General since statehood. The incumbent is Keith Ellison, a Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party member.
BWI Business Partnership LINK Shuttle
The BWI Business Partnership LINK Shuttle is a free bus service provided by the BWI Business Partnership that circulates the BWI Business District surrounding the Baltimore–Washington International Airport, as well as military installations and defense contractors located at Fort Meade. The free shuttle provides last mile connections for employees and visitors in the area by connecting businesses and hotels to the BWI Rail Station, served by the MARC Penn Line and Amtrak, as well as the Baltimore Light Rail at the BWI Business District Light Rail station.

Established in 2016, the shuttle provides an essential link between numerous government agencies and businesses to public transport. Key landmarks served include the Friendship Annex, National Electronics Museum, Northrop Grumman, the National Security Agency, and others.

The shuttle bus operates approximately every 35 minutes Monday through Friday from 5:45 AM to 5:30 PM (excluding federal holidays).

Last mile (transportation)
In supply chain management and transportation planning, the last mile or last kilometer is the last leg of a journey that comprises the movement of passengers and goods from a transportation hub to a final destination. The concept of "last mile" was adopted from the telecommunications industry, which faced difficulty connecting individual homes to the main telecommunications network. Similarly, in supply chain management, the last mile describes the logistical challenges at the last phase of transportation getting people and packages from hubs to their final destinations.

Last-mile delivery is an increasingly studied field as the number of business-to-consumer (b2c) deliveries grow, especially from e-commerce companies in freight transportation, and ride-sharing companies in personal transportation. Some challenges of last-mile delivery include minimizing cost, ensuring transparency, increasing efficiency, and improving infrastructure.
Ray Metzker
Ray K. Metzker (September 10, 1931 – October 9, 2014) was an American photographer known chiefly for his stark, experimental Black and White cityscapes and for his large assemblages of printed film strips and single frames, known as Composites.

Neither seeking nor achieving particular renown during his lifetime, Metzker's work is held in more than 45 major public collections; is the subject of eight monographs; and was the subject of 50 one-man exhibitions. He received awards including the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, National Endowment for the Arts and Royal Photographic Society.

His longtime dealer, Laurence Miller, called Metzker "the last great Modern photographer."

Monochrome photography
Monochrome photography  is photography where each position on an image can record and show a different amount of light (value), but not a different color (hue). The majority of monochrome photographs produced today are black-and-white, either from a gelatin silver process, or as digital photography. Other hues besides grey can be used to create monochrome photography, but brown and sepia tones are the result of older processes like the albumen print, and cyan tones are the product of cyanotype prints.

As monochrome photography provides an inherently less complete reproduction than color photography, it is mostly used for artistic purposes and certain technical imaging applications.
Thornton-on-the-Hill
Thornton-on-the-Hill (also called Thornton Hill) is a small dispersed village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England, about two miles to the north of Easingwold. The population of the civil parish taken at the 2011 Census was less than 100. Details are included in the civil parish of Oulston.

From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Hambleton, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

Hambleton District
54°20′02″N 1°25′44″W﻿ / ﻿54.334°N 1.429°W﻿ / 54.334; -1.429

Hambleton was a local government district in North Yorkshire, England. The administrative centre was Northallerton, and the district included the outlying towns and villages of Bedale, Thirsk, Great Ayton, Stokesley, and Easingwold.

The district was formed by the Local Government Act 1972 on 1 April 1974, as a merger of Northallerton Urban District, Bedale Rural District, Easingwold Rural District, Northallerton Rural District, and parts of Thirsk Rural District, Stokesley Rural District and Croft Rural District, all in the North Riding of Yorkshire. It was subsumed into the new unitary authority of North Yorkshire Council on 1 April 2023.
Finlaycolor
Finlaycolor was an early color photography process.

In Uncle Tungsten, Oliver Sacks reminisces:

The most exciting way of getting instant color was by a process called Finlaycolor, in which, in effect, three color-separation negatives were taken simultaneously by using a grid ruled with microscopic red, green and violet lines. One then made a positive, a lantern slide from this negative, and brought it into exact alignment with the grid. This was tricky, delicate, but when one had them in perfect register, the previously black-and-white slide would burst into full color. Since the screen, with its microscopic lines, simply appeared grey, one saw, when it was juxtaposed with the slide, the most magical, unexpected creation of color, where seemingly there had been none before. (The National Geographic originally used Finlaycolor, and one could see the fine lines on these if one looked with a magnifying glass.)

Magic lantern
The magic lantern, also known by its Latin name lanterna magica, is an early type of image projector that uses pictures—paintings, prints, or photographs—on transparent plates (usually made of glass), one or more lenses, and a light source. Because a single lens inverts an image projected through it (as in the phenomenon which inverts the image of a camera obscura), slides are inserted upside down in the magic lantern, rendering the projected image correctly oriented.

It was mostly developed in the 17th century and commonly used for entertainment purposes. It was increasingly used for education during the 19th century. Since the late 19th century, smaller versions were also mass-produced as toys. The magic lantern was in wide use from the 18th century until the mid-20th century when it was superseded by a compact version that could hold many 35 mm photographic slides: the slide projector.
Brazil at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
Brazil competes at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships since the 1966 edition of the tournament. Brazil's governing body in Gymnastics is the Brazilian Gymnastics Confederation (Portuguese: Confederação Brasileira de Ginástica – CBG), established in 1978, which selects athletes to compete at official FIG competitions, including the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships.

Francisco Barretto Júnior
Francisco Carlos Barretto Júnior (born 31 October 1989) is a Brazilian retired artistic gymnast. He won three gold medals at the 2019 Pan American Games, and he helped Brazil win the team title at the 2011 Pan American Games. He also won a team gold medal at the 2021 Pan American Championships. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics and the 2020 Summer Olympics.
Suillus bresadolae
Suillus bresadolae is a rare species of mushroom in the genus Suillus. A European species, it was first described scientifically by Lucien Quélet in 1887 as Boletus bresadolae and given its current name in 1985 by Gerhold.

Lucien Quélet
Lucien Quélet (French pronunciation: [lysjɛ̃ kelɛ]; 14 July 1832 – 25 August 1899) was a French naturalist and mycologist.  Quélet discovered several species of fungi and was the founder of the Société mycologique de France, a society devoted to mycological studies.
Review of Research in Education
Review of Research in Education is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by SAGE Publications on behalf of the American Educational Research Association. It covers research in the field of education. The editors-in-chief for 2022 and 2024 are Ronald A. Beghetto (Arizona State University) and Yong Zhao (University of Kansas). The 2023 and 2025 editors are Vivian L. Gadsden (University of Pennsylvania) and David Osher (American Institutes for Research). It was established in 1973. The 2021 editors are Greg Kazinsky, Ethan Paterson, and Robbert Snow.

American Institutes for Research
The American Institutes for Research (AIR) is a nonprofit, nonpartisan behavioral and social science research, evaluation, and technical assistance organization based in Arlington, Virginia. One of the world's largest social science research organizations, AIR has more than 1,800 staff in locations across the United States and abroad.

In 2010 and 2011, The Washington Post selected AIR as one of the top ten nonprofit firms in the Washington metropolitan area.