hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zakir Mammadov
Zakir Jabbar Bey oglu Mammadov (Azerbaijani: Məmmədov Zakir Cabbar bəy oğlu) (August 16, 1936 — March 2, 2003) was a correspondent member (associate member) of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences and Doctor in Philosophy. Mammadov specialized in Eastern philosophy, and focused mostly on the history of Azerbaijani philosophy. He had refuted the thesis ‘no professional philosopher lived in Azerbaijan in Middle Ages except for Bahmanyar’.

Eastern philosophy
Eastern philosophy (also called Asian philosophy or Oriental philosophy) includes the various philosophies that originated in East and South Asia, including Chinese philosophy, Japanese philosophy, Korean philosophy, and Vietnamese philosophy, which are dominant in East Asia; and Indian philosophy (including Hindu philosophy, Jain philosophy, Buddhist philosophy), which are dominant in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Tibet, Japan and Mongolia.
Emanuele Sala
Emanuele Sala (born 27 November 2007) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder and captains Serie D club Milan Futuro, the reserve team of Serie A club AC Milan. He is an Italian youth international.

Milan Futuro
Milan Futuro (lit. 'Future [AC] Milan'), occasionally referred to as Milan U23, is a professional football club based in Milan, Lombardy, Italy, which acts as the reserve team of Serie A club AC Milan. Founded on 27 June 2024, the club started in Serie C. Following relegation, they compete in Serie D.
Easton (community), Wisconsin
Easton is an unincorporated community and census-designated place located in the town of Easton, Adams County, Wisconsin, United States. Easton is located on County Highway A and White Creek near Wisconsin Highway 13, 8.5 miles (13.7 km) south of Adams. Its population was 86 as of the 2020 United States census.

Wisconsin Highway 13
State Trunk Highway 13 (often called Highway 13, STH-13 or WIS 13) is a state highway running north–south across northwest and central Wisconsin. WIS 13 serves as a major north–south route connecting the communities of Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin Rapids, Marshfield and Ashland. WIS 13 is part of the Lake Superior Circle Tour from its northern/western terminus to Ashland at is eastern junction with U.S. Highway 2 (US 2). The road also provides access to the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore off the Lake Superior shoreline at Bayfield. The highway is two-lane surface road with the exception of various urban multilane road sections.
Periclimenes madreporae
Periclimenes madreporae is a species of saltwater shrimp in the family, Palaemonidae, and was first described in 1969 by Alexander James Bruce.

The male holotype and paratype were collected from Erskine Island, in the Capricorn Group of the Great Barrier Reef at a depth 3-6 fathoms in February 1966.

In Australia it is found in New South Wales and Queensland. It is also found in waters off  La Réunion, Solomon Islands, Caroline Islands, Society and Tuamoto Islands.

Paratype
In zoology and botany, a paratype is a specimen of an organism that helps define what the scientific name of a species and other taxon actually represents, but it is not the holotype (and in botany is also neither an isotype nor a syntype). Often there is more than one paratype. Paratypes are usually held in museum research collections.

The exact meaning of the term paratype when it is used in zoology is not the same as the meaning when it is used in botany. In both cases however, this term is used in conjunction with holotype.
Gokewell Priory
Gokewell Priory was a Cistercian Catholic priory in Broughton, Lincolnshire, England.

The priory was founded by William de Alta Ripa, and received financial support from Roger of St. Martin, Adam Paynel, and William de Romara.  By 1440, the priory housed eight nuns; it was probably never much larger. On a visit, Bishop William Alnwick found the priory to be very poor, but in good order.

In early 1536, Gokewell Priory was permanently closed as part of the Dissolution of the Monasteries ordered by King Henry VIII.

Priory
A priory is a monastery of men or women under religious vows that is headed by a prior or prioress. They are found in the Catholic Church, Lutheran Churches, and Anglican Communion. Priories may be monastic houses of monks or nuns (such as the Benedictines, the Cistercians, or the Charterhouses). Houses of canons & canonesses regular also use this term, the alternative being canonry. Mendicant houses, of friars, nuns, or tertiary sisters (such as the Friars Preachers, Augustinian Hermits, and Carmelites) also exclusively use this term.

In pre-Reformation England, if an abbey church was raised to cathedral status, the abbey became a cathedral priory. The bishop, in effect, took the place of the abbot, and the monastery itself was headed by a prior.
OpenPlans
OpenPlans is a non-profit that advocates for making the streets of New York City livable for all residents. Open Plans uses tactical urbanism, grassroots advocacy, policy and targeted journalism to promote structural reforms within city government that support livable streets, neighborhoods and the city-at-large. The organization was founded in 1999 by Mark Gorton,  the creator of LimeWire.

Advocacy
Advocacy is the set of activities by individuals or groups intended to influence decisions within political, economic, and social institutions. It encompasses tactics ranging from grassroots organizing and media campaigns to lobbying, strategic litigation, and coalition-building, and aims to change laws, budgets, institutional practices, and public opinion. Advocacy can include many activities that a person or organization undertakes, including media campaigns, public speaking, commissioning and publishing research. Lobbying (often by lobby groups) is a form of advocacy where a direct approach is made to legislators on a specific issue or specific piece of legislation. Research has started to address how advocacy groups in the United States and Canada are using social media to facilitate civic engagement and collective action.
Saint Thomas of Villanova Healing a Lame Man
Saint Thomas of Villanova Healing a Lame Man is an oil on canvas painting by Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, created c. 1675. It is held in the Alte Pinakothek in Munich, having been bought for Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria by General Sebastiani in Paris in 1815. It depicts a miracle performed by the Spanish saint Thomas of Villanova.

Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
Bartolomé Esteban Murillo (/mjʊəˈrɪloʊ, m(j)ʊˈriːoʊ/ mure-IL-oh, m(y)uu-REE-oh, Spanish: [baɾtoloˈme esˈteβam muˈɾiʎo]; late December 1617, baptised 1 January 1618 – 3 April 1682) was a Spanish Baroque painter. Although he is best known for his religious works, Murillo also produced a considerable number of paintings of contemporary women and children. These lively realistic portraits of flower girls, street urchins, and beggars constitute an extensive record of the everyday life of his times. He also painted two self-portraits, one in the Frick Collection portraying him in his 30s, and one in London's National Gallery portraying him about 20 years later. In 2017–18, the two museums held an exhibition of them.
Boguty-Pianki
Boguty-Pianki [bɔˈɡutɨ ˈpjanki] is a village in Ostrów Mazowiecka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Boguty-Pianki.

Ostrów County, Masovian Voivodeship
Ostrów County (Polish: powiat ostrowski) is a county in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. Its seat is located in the town of Ostrów Mazowiecka, with the only other town of the county being Brok. The county was established on 1 January 1999, and historically existed from 1919 to 1939 in the Białystok Voivodeship, Second Polish Republic, and in 1939, in the Warsaw Voivodeship.

The county covers an area of 1,218.06 square kilometres (470.3 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 72,558, out of which the population of Ostrów Mazowiecka is 22,489, that of Brok is 1,941, and the rural population is 48,128.
2002 Toray Pan Pacific Open
The 2002 Toray Pan Pacific Open was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the 30th edition of the Toray Pan Pacific Open, and was part of the Tier I Series of the 2002 WTA Tour. It took place at the Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium in Tokyo, Japan, from January 29 through February 3, 2002. First-seeded Martina Hingis won the singles title.

WTA Tier I tournaments
The WTA Tier I tournaments were Women's Tennis Association tennis elite tournaments held from 1990 until the end of the 2008 season. From 1988 to 1990, the different levels of WTA tournaments were referred to by the term 'Category', and there were 5 categories. Two of the Tier I tournaments, Indian Wells and Miami, were also joint events held simultaneously with the ATP Tour Masters Series.

There were initially 6 Tier I tournaments held annually from 1990. The list expanded to 8 events in 1993, 9 in 1997 and 10 in 2004, before being scaled back to 9 for 2008.

In 2009 the WTA changed the tournament categories, so that the majority of Tier I and Tier II tournaments were in one category, Premier Tournaments, split into three categories.
Josephine Carr
Josephine Carr (c. 1899 – 10 October 1918) was an Irish woman who became the first Women's Royal Naval Service (WRNS) woman to die on active service when the RMS Leinster was torpedoed and sank off the coast of Ireland.

Born in Cork, Ireland to Samuel and Kathleen Carr, Josephine enlisted in the WRNS on 17 September 1917 and worked as a shorthand typist.

On 10 October 1918, Carr and two fellow Wrens, Lilian Barry and Maureen Waters, boarded the RMS Leinster and were on their way to Holyhead to report for duty when, 10 minutes into the voyage, the German submarine UB-123 torpedoed the ship twice. Carr was last seen in the reading room before the first torpedo struck the ship. While Barry and Waters survived and were pulled from the lifeboats, Carr's body was never found. Aged 19, she became the only Wren to die as a result of enemy action in World War I.

Carr is commemorated on the Plymouth Naval Memorial.

Holyhead
Holyhead (/ˌhəʊliˈhɛd, ˌhɒliˈhɛd/; Welsh: Caergybi pronounced [kɑːɨrˈɡəbi] ⓘ, "Cybi's fort") is a historic port town, and is the largest town and a community in the county of the Isle of Anglesey, Wales. Holyhead is on Holy Island, bounded by the Irish Sea to the north, and is separated from Anglesey island by the narrow Cymyran Strait.

It was originally connected to Anglesey via the Four Mile Bridge.
In the mid-19th century, Lord Stanley, a local philanthropist, funded the building of a larger causeway, known locally as "the Cobb"; it now carries the A5 and the railway line. The A55 dual carriageway runs parallel to the Cobb on a modern causeway.

The town houses the Port of Holyhead, a major Irish Sea port for connections towards Ireland. The population of the town proper as of the 2021 census was 12,084, an increase on the 2011 census.
I Pray on Christmas
"I Pray on Christmas" is a Christmas carol with music and lyrics by Harry Connick Jr. First released in 1993 on his multi platinum album When My Heart Finds Christmas. Connick has also released the song on his Christmas Special VHS in 1994, and again on his DVD Harry for the Holidays (2003) as a bonus track featuring Connick and Kim Burrell.

Christmas carol
A Christmas carol is a carol (a song or hymn) on the theme of Christmas, traditionally sung at Christmas itself or during the surrounding Christmas and holiday season. The term noel has sometimes been used, especially for carols of French origin. Christmas carols may be regarded as a subset of the broader category of Christmas music.
Seal Nunataks
The Seal Nunataks are a group of 16 islands called nunataks emerging from the Larsen Ice Shelf east of Graham Land, Antarctic Peninsula. The Seal Nunataks have been described as separate volcanic vents of ages ranging from Miocene to Pleistocene. There are unconfirmed reports of Holocene volcanic activity.

Nunatak
A nunatak (from Inuit nunataq) is the summit or ridge of a mountain that protrudes from an ice field or glacier that otherwise covers most of the mountain or ridge. They often form natural pyramidal peaks. Isolated nunataks are also called glacial islands, and smaller nunataks rounded by glacial action may be referred to as rognons.

The word is of Greenlandic origin and has been used in English since the 1870s.
Reni Masi
Renaldo Angelo "Reni" Masi  (August 12, 1933 – October 14, 2020), son of Cyril and Mabel Masi, grew up in East Vancouver, where he attended Hastings and Templeton Secondary School before attending Normal School and completing his education at the University of British Columbia.  He started teaching in Surrey, British Columbia in 1956 at Queen Elizabeth Secondary School.  After a lifetime of community building, he turned his efforts to politics and served as a BC Liberal Member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1996 to 2005, representing the riding of Delta North. He had previously been an unsuccessful candidate for the BC Liberal Party in the riding of Surrey in the 1966 provincial election.

Surrey, British Columbia
Surrey is a city in British Columbia, Canada. It is located south of the Fraser River on the Canada–United States border. It is a member municipality of the Metro Vancouver regional district and metropolitan area. Mainly a suburban city, Surrey is the province's second-largest by population after Vancouver and the third-largest by area after Abbotsford and Prince George. Seven neighbourhoods in Surrey are designated town centres: Cloverdale, Fleetwood, Guildford, Newton, South Surrey, and City Centre encompassed by Whalley.
2017 US Open Series
In tennis, the 2017 US Open Series was the fourteenth edition of the US Open Series, which comprised a group of hard court tournaments that started on July 24, 2017 in Atlanta and concluded in Connecticut for the women and in Winston-Salem for the men on August 26, 2017. This edition consisted of three separate men's tournaments and three women's tournaments, with the Western & Southern Open hosting both a men's and women's event. The series was headlined by two ATP World Tour Masters 1000 and two WTA Premier 5 events.

Connecticut Open (tennis)
The Connecticut Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts under various names and in various venues from 1948 until 2019.

It was most recently a Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Premier Tournament on the WTA Tour, held annually at the Cullman-Heyman Tennis Center in New Haven, Connecticut, United States, just before the fourth and last Grand Slam tournament of the year, the US Open. From 2005 through 2010, the tournament was also part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the ATP Tour.

In 2019, the tournament sanction was sold to APG, a sports and entertainment company, which transferred it to Zhengzhou, China.
Dirk Wellham
Dirk MacDonald Wellham (born 13 March 1959) is a former Australian cricketer who played in six Test matches and 17 One Day Internationals (ODIs) between 1981 and 1987. He is one of four players to score a century in both his first class and Test debuts (as of June 2025).  He was the first player to captain three Australian states having captained New South Wales, Tasmania and Queensland during his career. As NSW captain, he won the Sheffield Shield in 1984–85 and 1985–86 and the McDonald's Cup in 1984–85.He is the nephew of New South Wales first-class cricketer Walter Wellham.

Century (cricket)
In cricket, a century is a score of 100 or more runs in a single innings by a batter. The term is also included in "century partnership" which occurs when two batsmen add 100 runs to the team total when they are batting together. A century is regarded as a landmark score for batters and a player's number of centuries is generally recorded in their career statistics. Scoring a century is loosely equivalent in merit to a bowler taking a five-wicket haul, and is commonly referred to as a ton or hundred. Scores of more than 200 runs are still statistically counted as a century, although these scores are referred to as double (200–299 runs), triple (300–399 runs), and quadruple centuries (400–499 runs), and so on. Reaching 50 runs in an innings is known as a half-century.

Scoring a century at Lord's cricket ground in London earns the batter a place on the Lord's honours boards.
Aops
Aops is a monotypic genus of scorpions in the Urodacidae family. Its sole species is the troglobitic Aops oncodactylus, which is endemic to Australia. It was first described in 2008 by Erich Volschenk and Lorenzo Prendini.

Chelae
A chela (/ˈkiːlə/) – also called a claw, nipper, or pincer – is a pincer-shaped organ at the end of certain limbs of some arthropods. The name comes from Ancient Greek χηλή (khēlḗ), through Neo-Latin chela. The plural form is chelae. Legs bearing a chela are called chelipeds. Another name is claw because most chelae are curved and have a sharp point like a claw.

Chelae can be present at the tips of arthropod legs as well as their pedipalps. In some pseudoscorpions, the chelate pedipalps can be venomous. Chelae can be functionally overlapping with chelicerae, which specifically refers to appendages used as mouthparts in Chelicerata. In spiders those usually contain venom glands, but in other chelicerate allies the chelicerae can be chelate without venom glands.
Ibrahim El-Salahi
Ibrahim El-Salahi (Arabic: إبراهيم الصلحي, born 5 September 1930) is a Sudanese painter, former public servant and diplomat. He is one of the foremost visual artists of the Khartoum School, considered part of African Modernism and the pan-Arabic Hurufiyya art movement, that combined traditional forms of Islamic calligraphy with contemporary artworks. On the occasion of the Tate Modern gallery's first retrospective exhibition of a contemporary artist from Africa in 2013, El-Salahi's work was characterized as "a new Sudanese visual vocabulary, which arose from his own pioneering integration of Islamic, African, Arab and Western artistic traditions."

Pan-Arabism
Pan-Arabism (Arabic: الوحدة العربية, romanized: al-waḥda al-ʿarabiyyah, lit. 'Arab unity') is a pan-nationalist ideology that espouses the unification of all Arab people in a single nation-state, consisting of all Arab countries of West Asia and North Africa from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea, which is referred to as the Arab world. It is closely connected to Arab nationalism, which asserts the view that the Arabs constitute a single nation. It originated in the late 19th century among the Arab regions of the Ottoman Empire, and its popularity reached its height during the peak of Nasserism and Ba'athism in the 1950s and 1960s. Advocates of pan-Arabism have often espoused Arab socialist principles and strongly opposed the political involvement of the Western world in the Arab world. It also sought to empower Arab states against outside forces by forming alliances such as the Arab League.
Place v Searle
Place v Searle, also known as the Helen of Troy case (1932) was a trial in English law in which John Dover Place, a Cambridge grocer's assistant, sued local doctor Charles Frederick Searle for allegedly persuading Place's wife to leave him, seeking damages for loss of her companionship. For nearly two centuries, husbands could claim such damages, but Justice McCardie dismissed the rule, declaring that a married woman was free to leave her husband. The Court of Appeal later overturned his decision, with Lord Justice Scrutton criticising McCardie for failing to give the jury proper legal guidance and adding that an unmarried judge should not comment on marital relations.

English law
English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures. The judiciary is independent, and legal principles like fairness, equality before the law, and the right to a fair trial are foundational to the system.
Prateek Sharma (gastroenterologist)
Prateek Sharma is an Indian American gastroenterologist and academic known for his work on esophageal diseases, GERD, Barrett's esophagus, and advanced endoscopic techniques.

He is a professor of medicine at the University of Kansas School of Medicine. He also serves as the president of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and chair of the ASGE Artificial Intelligence Institute.

Gastroenterology (journal)
Gastroenterology is the official medical journal of the American Gastroenterological Association. Its first issue was published in 1943. It is currently published by Elsevier. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 22.682, ranking it 4th among 92 journals in the category "Gasteroenterology & Hepatology".
José Luis Íñiguez Gámez
José Luis Íñiguez Gámez (born 3 October 1978) is a Mexican politician from the National Action Party (PAN). 
In the 2009 mid-terms he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies 
to represent Jalisco's 3rd district during the 61st session of Congress.

LXI Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LXI Legislature of the Congress of the Union, the 61st session of the Congress of Mexico, met from 1 September 2009 to 31 August 2012. Members of the upper house of the Congress were selected in the elections of July 2006 while members of the lower house of the Congress were selected in the elections of July 2009.
SS Josephine Shaw Lowell
SS Josephine Shaw Lowell was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after Josephine Shaw Lowell, a Nineteenth century Progressive Reform leader and creator of the National Consumers League.

National Consumers League
The National Consumers League (NCL), founded in 1899, is an American consumer organization. The National Consumers League is a private, nonprofit advocacy group representing consumers on marketplace and workplace issues. NCL provides government, businesses, and other organizations with the consumer's perspective on concerns including child labor, privacy, food safety, and medication information.

The organization was chartered in 1899 by social reformers Jane Addams and Josephine Lowell. Its first general secretary was Florence Kelley. Under Kelley's direction, NCL's early focus was to oppose the harsh, unregulated working conditions many Americans were forced to endure. The founding principles of the NCL are "that the working conditions we accept for our fellow citizens should be reflected by our purchases, and that consumers should demand safety and reliability from the goods and services they buy." NCL's focus continues to be to promote a fair marketplace for workers and consumers.