hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Caldercruix
Caldercruix /ˌkɔːldərˈkruks/ is a semi-rural village in North Lanarkshire, Scotland. The nearest major town is Airdrie, 4 miles (6 kilometres) to the west. It has a population of about 2,440. The village is about 20 miles (30 kilometres) east of Glasgow and 32 miles (51 kilometres) west of Edinburgh.

The local Church of Scotland congregation is the Caldercruix and Longriggend Parish Church and the local Roman Catholic Church is Saint Mary's located on Glen Road.

The village is home to an active community council. There is a combined primary school (Glengowan/St. Mary's Primary School) which serves the village and surrounding rural area.

North Lanarkshire
North Lanarkshire (Scots: North Lanrikshire; Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Lannraig a Tuath) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It borders the north-east of the Glasgow City council area and contains many of Glasgow's suburbs, commuter towns, and villages. It also borders East Dunbartonshire, Falkirk, Stirling, South Lanarkshire, and West Lothian. The council area covers parts of the historic counties of Dunbartonshire, Lanarkshire, and Stirlingshire. The council is based in Motherwell.

The area was formed in 1996, covering the districts of Cumbernauld and Kilsyth, Motherwell, and Monklands, plus the Chryston and Auchinloch areas from Strathkelvin district, all of which had been in the Strathclyde region between 1975 and 1996. As a new single-tier authority, North Lanarkshire became responsible for all functions previously performed by both the regional council and the district councils, which were abolished.
Vittoria Aleotti
Vittoria Aleotti (c. 1575 – after 1620), believed by some scholars to be the same as Raffaella Aleotta (c. 1570 – after 1646) was an Italian Augustinian nun, a composer and organist of the late Renaissance and early Baroque periods. She is recognized as one of the earliest known female composers to have works published, contributing to the development of sacred and secular vocal music.

Aleotti was a nun at the Convent of San Vito in Ferrara, where she composed and performed music. Her published works include madrigals and sacred motets, notably appearing in the 1593 collection Il giardino de’ musici di Donne. Some scholars believe she may also have been the composer known as Raffaella Aleotti, who published a collection of sacred motets in 1593.

Her contributions to music were significant in an era when female composers were rare, and her works remain a subject of interest in studies of women in Renaissance music.

Organist
An organist is a musician who plays any type of organ. An organist may play solo organ works, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers or instrumental soloists. In addition, an organist may accompany congregational hymn-singing and play liturgical music.
Byaroza
Byaroza (Belarusian: Бяроза, romanized: Biaroza; Russian: Берёза, romanized: Beryoza; also spelled Bereza), formerly Byaroza-Kartuzskaya, is a town in Brest Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Byaroza District. As of 2025, it has a population of 28,192.

JewishGen
JewishGen is a non-profit organization founded in 1987 as an international electronic resource for Jewish genealogy. In 2003, JewishGen became an affiliate of the Museum of Jewish Heritage – A Living Memorial to the Holocaust in New York City, and is now a division of the Museum of Jewish Heritage. JewishGen provides a free, open-access platform for both amateur and professional genealogists to research Jewish family history and heritage.
Ivanti Pulse Connect Secure data breach
On April 20, 2021, it was reported that suspected Chinese-state backed hacker groups had breached multiple government agencies, defense companies and financial institutions in both the US and Europe after the hackers created and used a Zero-day exploit for Ivanti Pulse Connect Secure VPN devices. A Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency alert reported that the attacks using the exploited started in June 2020 or earlier. The attacks were believed to be the third major data breach against the U.S. in the previous year behind the 2020 United States federal government data breach and the 2021 Microsoft Exchange Server data breach.

Ivanti
Ivanti (/ˌiːˈvɒntiː/) is an IT software company headquartered in South Jordan, Utah, United States. It produces software for IT Security, IT Service Management (ITSM), IT Asset Management (ITAM), Unified Endpoint Management (UEM), Identity Management, Patch Management and supply chain management. It was formed in January 2017 with the merger of LANDESK and HEAT Software, and later acquired Cherwell Software. The company became more widely known after security incidents related to the VPN hardware it sells.
William Rowland (cricketer)
William Harold Rowland (24 February 1904 – 12 April 1942) was a Welsh cricketer. Rowland's batting style is unknown, but it is known he occasionally fielded as a wicket-keeper.  He was born in Rhos-on-Sea, Denbighshire.

Rowland made his first-class debut for Wales against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1925.  He made five further first-class appearances for Wales, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1930.  In his thirteen first-class matches, he scored 25 runs at an average of 5.00, with a high score of 11 not out.  He also played Minor counties cricket for Denbighshire, who he made his debut for in the 1930 Minor Counties Championship against Cheshire.  He made two further Minor Counties Championship appearances for the county, both in 1930 against Lincolnshire and the Lancashire Second XI.

He died in Wilford, Nottinghamshire on 12 April 1942.  He was survived by his brother Cyril, who also played first-class cricket for Wales.

Rhos-on-Sea
Rhos-on-Sea (Welsh: Llandrillo-yn-Rhos) is a seaside resort and community in Conwy County Borough, Wales. The population was 7,593 at the 2011 census. It adjoins Colwyn Bay and is named after the Welsh kingdom of Rhos established there in late Roman Britain as a sub-kingdom of Gwynedd. It later became a cantref (hundred).
Once, Upon Time
"Once, Upon Time", prefixed frequently with either "Chapter Three" or "Flux", is the third episode of the thirteenth series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who, and of the six-episode serial known collectively as Doctor Who: Flux. It was first broadcast on BBC One on 14 November 2021. It was written by showrunner and executive producer Chris Chibnall, and directed by Azhur Saleem.

The episode stars Jodie Whittaker as the Thirteenth Doctor, alongside Mandip Gill and John Bishop as her companions, Yasmin Khan and Dan Lewis, respectively.

Companion (Doctor Who)
In the long-running BBC television science fiction programme Doctor Who and related works, the term "companion" refers to a character who travels with, or shares adventures with, the Doctor. A companion is generally the series' co-lead character alongside the Doctor for the duration of their tenure, and in most Doctor Who stories acts as an audience surrogate by providing the lens through which the viewer is introduced to the story, and often, the series itself.

The companion character often furthers the story by asking questions and getting into trouble; also by helping, rescuing, or challenging the Doctor. This designation is applied to a character by the show's producers and appears in the BBC's promotional material and off-screen fictional terminology. The Doctor also refers to the show's other leads as their "friends" or "assistants"; the British press have also used the latter term.
Bradley Erickson
Bradley Phillip Erickson (born June 22, 2006) is an American professional stock car racing driver who last competed full-time in the ARCA Menards Series West, driving the No. 88 Ford for Naake-Klauer Motorsports, and the No. 23 Toyota for Sigma Performance Services.

Toyota Camry
The Toyota Camry (/ˈkæmri/; Japanese: トヨタ・カムリ Toyota Kamuri) is an automobile sold internationally by the Japanese auto manufacturer Toyota since 1982, spanning multiple generations. Originally compact in size (narrow-body), the Camry has grown since the 1990s to fit the mid-size classification (wide-body)—although the two widths co-existed in that decade. Since the release of the wide-bodied versions, Camry has been extolled by Toyota as the firm's second "world car" after the Corolla. As of 2022, the Camry is positioned above the Corolla and below the Avalon or Crown in several markets.

In Japan, the Camry was once exclusive to Toyota Corolla Store retail dealerships. Narrow-body cars also spawned a rebadged sibling in Japan, the Toyota Vista (トヨタ・ビスタ)—also introduced in 1982 and sold at Toyota Vista Store locations. Diesel fuel versions have previously retailed at Toyota Diesel Store. The Vista Ardeo was a wagon version of the Vista V50.
FBI season 6
The sixth season of the American police procedural television drama series FBI was announced on May 9, 2022, along with the fifth season. The sixth season premiered on February 13, 2024, and ended on May 21, with a total of 13 episodes.

Charlotte Sullivan
Charlotte Sullivan (born October 21, 1983) is a Canadian actress. Her credits include Harriet the Spy (1996), Goosebumps (1996), The New Ghostwriter Mysteries (1997), How to Deal (2003), Fever Pitch (2005), MVP (2008), The Cry of the Owl (2009), Rookie Blue (2010), The Kennedys (2011), The Colony (2013), Chicago Fire (2016–2017), Mary Kills People (2017–2019), Caught (2018), Wynonna Earp (2021), Law & Order: Organized Crime (2021), and Pretty Hard Cases (2022).
May Tager
May Tager (Hebrew: מאי תג'ר; born 22 November 1998) is an Israeli model. As of 2023, Tager has worked with international brands such as Armani, Victoria's Secret, Louis Vuitton and many more in the past. Tager gained recognition after replacing supermodel Bella Hadid as the face of Dior for the holiday campaign 2023. Tager is signed with IMG Models.

Armani
Giorgio Armani S.p.A. (Italian: [ˈdʒordʒo arˈmaːni]), commonly known as Armani, is an Italian luxury fashion house founded in Milan by Giorgio Armani which designs, manufactures, distributes and retails haute couture, ready-to-wear, leather goods, shoes, accessories, and home interiors. Among others, Armani licenses its name and branding to Luxottica for eyewear and L'Oréal for fragrances and cosmetics. As of 2017, it is considered Italy's second-largest fashion group behind Prada.

In addition to the couture line Armani Privé, Giorgio Armani and Emporio Armani are the company's ready-to-wear lines that show at Milan Fashion Week. Selling at lower prices are Armani Collezioni, Armani Exchange and Armani Jeans.
Continuous Bernoulli distribution
In probability theory, statistics, and machine learning, the continuous Bernoulli distribution is a family of continuous probability distributions  parameterized by a single shape parameter , defined on the unit interval , by:

The continuous Bernoulli distribution arises in deep learning and computer vision, specifically in the context of variational autoencoders, for modeling the pixel intensities of natural images. As such, it defines a proper probabilistic counterpart for the commonly used binary cross entropy loss, which is often applied to continuous, -valued data. This practice amounts to ignoring the normalizing constant of the continuous Bernoulli distribution, since the binary cross entropy loss only defines a true log-likelihood for discrete, -valued data.

The continuous Bernoulli also defines an exponential family of distributions. Writing  for the natural parameter, the density can be rewritten in canonical form:
.

Shape parameter
In probability theory and statistics, a shape parameter (also known as form parameter) is a kind of numerical parameter of a parametric family of probability distributions
that is neither a location parameter nor a scale parameter (nor a function of these, such as a rate parameter). Such a parameter must affect the shape of a distribution rather than simply shifting it (as a location parameter does) or stretching/shrinking it (as a scale parameter does).
For example, "peakedness" refers to how round the main peak is.
Pinkie's Corner
Pinkie's Corner in Chase County, Nebraska was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011. It is an example of an early rural auto roadside business.

It was the 1920s–30s business site of handyman and inventor C. Roy Elvis "Pinkie" Hedges.

Pinkie became known as a "Supreme Do-It-Yourselfer", including in generating and using electricity before rural electrification became general.  The site is a monument to resourcefulness during the hard times of the Great Depression.

Chase County, Nebraska
Chase County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 3,893. Its county seat is Imperial.

In the Nebraska license plate system, Chase County is represented by the prefix 72 (it had the 72nd-most vehicles registered in the state when the license plate system was established in 1922).
Izabela Wagner
Izabela Wagner-Saffray (born 3 November 1964) is a Polish-born European sociologist.  Wagner was awarded the scientific title of Professor Belwederski by the President of the Republic of Poland in May 2023 and has been a full professor at Université Paris Cité since September 1, 2023. Wagner has been an associate professor at the Institute of Sociology at Collegium Civitas in Warsaw from December 2019 to August 2023. She is also a member of URMIS (Unité de Recherche Migrations et Société) Fellow at ICM (Institut Convergence Migration) in Paris since 2019. Her sociological research is concerned with migrations, exil of scientists, intellectuals, musicians (violin virtuosos). Wagner's contributions are also focused on the careers of artists and intellectuals, professional socialization and geographic mobility, migrations and forced-migrations.

Collegium Civitas
Civitas University (Polish: Uniwersytet Civitas) is one of Poland's leading non-public higher education institutions. It is a member of the Conference of Rectors of Academic Schools in Poland (CRASP) and the Conference of Rectors of Non-Public Academic Universities (KRAUN). The university incorporates practices in higher education, including interdisciplinary approaches, enhanced lecturer-student interaction, study abroad programs, internships, and support for individual student research projects.

It has a diverse student body representing over 60 countries. Civitas University is also a signatory of the Magna Charta Universitatum and holds the Erasmus Charter for Higher Education 2021–2027.

On September 10, 2024, Civitas University (then as Collegium Civitas) joined the Merito Group, the largest group of non-public universities in Poland.
Viken (region)
Viken (Old Norse: Vík or Víkin), or Vika, was the historical name during the Viking Age and the High Middle Ages for an area of Scandinavia that originally surrounded the Oslofjord and included the coast of Bohuslän. Its definition changed over time, and from the Middle Ages, Viken included only Bohuslän.

During the Viking Age, Viken was defined as the strait running between Norway and the northwest coast of Sweden and the Jutland peninsula of Denmark. It is located in what is now southeastern Norway and the northwestern Swedish province of Bohuslän. During the Viking Age, Viken was the northernmost Danish province. Control over Viken shifted between Danish and Norwegian kings in the Middle Ages, and Denmark continued to claim Viken until 1241.

Viken was also controversially chosen as a neologistic name for the administrative region consisting of a merger of the counties of Akershus, Buskerud, and Østfold.

Sarpsborg
Sarpsborg (pronounced [ˈsɑ̀ʂbɔr] or [ˈsɑ̀rpsbɔrɡ]), historically Borg, is a city and municipality in Østfold county, Norway.  The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Sarpsborg.

Sarpsborg is part of the fifth largest urban area in Norway when paired with neighbouring Fredrikstad. As of 1 January 2018, according to Statistics Norway these two municipalities have a total population of 136,127 with  55,840 in Sarpsborg and 81,278 in Fredrikstad.

Statistics for 2021, say that the city has a population where 19% of the children belong to families that have "low-income in the long-term"; that is the highest level for a city (in Norway); the national level is 11.3%.
Howard Fowles
Howard Thomas Fowles (24 January 1894 – 17 May 1973) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly  from  1941 until 1968 and a member of the Labor Party (ALP) . He was the acting Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for 3 months in 1962.

Fowles was born in Merrylands, New South Wales. He was the son of a blacksmith,  was  educated to elementary level at state schools. From the age of 14 he worked as a linesman for the New South Wales Government Railways and was  an official in the Electrical Trades Union until 1941. In later life, he was also a poultry farmer. Fowles was elected to the New South Wales Parliament as the Labor member for the  seat of Illawarra at the 1941 state election.   . The sitting Labor member Billy Davies successfully contested the new seat of Wollongong-Kembla at that election.  He retained the seat for the next 8 elections and retired at the 1968 state election.

1968 New South Wales state election
The 1968  New South Wales  state election  was held on 24 February 1968. It  was conducted in single member constituencies with compulsory preferential voting and  was held on boundaries created at a 1966 redistribution. The election was for all of the 94 seats in the  Legislative Assembly.  The Liberal Party, led by Premier Robert Askin, in Coalition with the Country Party of Deputy Premier Charles Cutler, was elected for a second term—the first time that a non-Labor government had been reelected since before World War II.
Hyccin protein family
In molecular biology, the hyccin protein family is a family of proteins which may have a role in the beta-catenin-Tcf/Lef signaling pathway, as well as in the process of myelination of the central and peripheral nervous system. One member of this family is hyccin, encoded by the FAM126A gene. Defects in Hyccin are the cause of Hypomyelination and Congenital Cataract (HCC), also called leukodystrophy hypomyelinating type 5 (HLD5). This disorder is characterised by congenital cataracts, progressive neurologic impairment, and diffuse myelin deficiency. Affected individuals experience progressive pyramidal and cerebellar dysfunction, muscle weakness and wasting prevailing in the lower limbs.

Pyramidal cell
Pyramidal cells, or pyramidal neurons, are a type of multipolar neuron found in areas of the brain including the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, and the amygdala. Pyramidal cells are the primary excitation units of the mammalian prefrontal cortex and the corticospinal tract. One of the main structural features of the pyramidal neuron is the conic shaped soma, or cell body, after which the neuron is named. Other key structural features of the pyramidal cell are a single axon, a large apical dendrite, multiple basal dendrites, and the presence of dendritic spines.

Pyramidal neurons are also one of two cell types where the characteristic sign, Negri bodies, are found in post-mortem rabies infection. Pyramidal neurons were first discovered and studied by Santiago Ramón y Cajal. Since then, studies on pyramidal neurons have focused on topics ranging from neuroplasticity to cognition.
Benjamin Thomas (cyclist)
Benjamin Thomas (born 12 September 1995) is a French professional road and track cyclist, who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam Cofidis.

He rode at the 2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships. In August 2018, he was named in the startlist for the 2018 Vuelta a España. In October 2020, he was named in the startlist for the 2020 Giro d'Italia.

He rode the Tour de France for the first time in 2022. On stage 15, Thomas broke away from the peloton and was attempting to get the first French win in over thirty stages, but was caught inside the final few hundred meters. After the stage he commented, "I believed I could make it. If we could have stayed together with Alexis maybe it would have been different… I'm completely dead, I'm seeing stars. I was not thinking anymore."

2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championships for track cycling in 2015. They took place in Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (part of the Paris Metropolitan Area) at the Vélodrome de Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines from 18–22 February 2015.
FCS-2
Type 81 Fire Control System (FCS-2) is a Japanese shipboard gun and missile fire-control system. This series of systems has been installed on destroyers of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force built between FY1977 and FY2001 to control medium-caliber guns and Sea Sparrow missiles, including ESSM.

RIM-162 ESSM
The RIM-162 Evolved SeaSparrow Missile (ESSM) is a development of the RIM-7 Sea Sparrow missile used to protect ships from attacking missiles and aircraft. ESSM is designed to counter supersonic maneuvering anti-ship missiles. ESSM also has the ability to be "quad-packed" in the Mark 41 Vertical Launch System, allowing up to four ESSMs to be carried in a single cell.
Tai Yo language
Tai Yo (Thai: ไทญ้อ), also known as Tai Mène (Thai: ไทแมน) and (Tai) Nyaw (Thai: ญ้อ), is a Tai language of Southeast Asia. It is closely related to Tai Pao of Vietnam, where it may have originated. It was once written in a unique script, the Tai Yo script, but that is no longer in use. The language is known regionally in Laos and Thailand as Tai Mène and Tai Nyaw and, in Vietnam as Tai Do (old-fashioned English transcription) and Tai Quy Chau. Superficially, Tai Yo appears to be a Southwestern Tai language but this is only because of centuries of language contact and it is properly classified with the Northern Tai languages. The Nyaw/Nyo spoken in central Thailand and western Cambodia is not the same as Tai Yo.

Tai languages
The Tai languages (/ˈtaɪ/ TIE), also known as Zhuang–Tai and Daic languages (/ˈdaɪ.ɪk/ DYE-ik), are a branch of the Kra–Dai language family. The Tai languages include the most widely spoken of the Tai–Kadai languages, including Standard Thai, or Siamese, the national language of Thailand; Lao or Laotian, the national language of Laos; Myanmar's Shan language; and Zhuang, a major language in the Southwestern China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, spoken by the Zhuang people (壯), the largest minority ethnic group in China, with a population of 15.55 million, living mainly in Guangxi, the rest scattered across Yunnan, Guangdong, Guizhou, and Hunan provinces.
HMS Manxman
Two ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Manxman, after the term for an inhabitant of the Isle of Man:

HMS Manxman (1916) was a ferry launched in 1903 and requisitioned by the Royal Navy in 1915 for conversion to a sea plane carrier.  Returned to civilian service in 1920, the ship was requisitioned as a radar training vessel, HMS Caduceus, during World War II and scrapped in 1945.

HMS Manxman (M70) was an Abdiel-class minelayer launched in 1940, converted to a minesweeper support ship in 1963, and sold for breaking up in 1972.

Minelayer
A minelayer is any warship, submarine, military aircraft or land vehicle deploying explosive mines. Since World War I the term "minelayer" refers specifically to a naval ship used for deploying naval mines. "Mine planting" was the term for installing controlled mines at predetermined positions in connection with coastal fortifications or harbor approaches that would be detonated by shore control when a ship was fixed as being within the mine's effective range.

An army's special-purpose combat engineering vehicles used to lay landmines are sometimes called "minelayers".