hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Worst-case complexity
In computer science (specifically computational complexity theory), the worst-case complexity measures the resources (e.g. running time, memory) that an algorithm requires given an input of arbitrary size (commonly denoted as n in asymptotic notation). It gives an upper bound on the resources required by the algorithm.

In the case of running time, the worst-case time complexity indicates the longest running time performed by an algorithm given any input of size n, and thus guarantees that the algorithm will finish in the indicated period of time. The order of growth (e.g. linear, logarithmic) of the worst-case complexity is commonly used to compare the efficiency of two algorithms.

The worst-case complexity of an algorithm should be contrasted with its average-case complexity, which is an average measure of the amount of resources the algorithm uses on a random input.

System resource
A computer system resource is any hardware or software aspect of limited availability that is accessible to a computer system. Like any resource, computer system resources can be exhausted, and issues arise due to scarcity.

Resource management, a key aspect of designing hardware and software, includes preventing resource leaks (not releasing a resource done with it) and handling resource contention (when multiple processes want to access the same resource). Computing resources are used in cloud computing to provide services through networks.
Pabellón de Inca
20°55′S 68°37′W﻿ / ﻿20.917°S 68.617°W﻿ / -20.917; -68.617
Pabellón de Inca is a volcano in Chile. Located in the Tarapacá Region, it rises 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) above the basement.

Volcanic activity in the region during the Eocene had formed the Icanche Formation, about 45 million years ago. After a pause of about 33 million years, volcanic activity resumed during the Miocene and continues to the present day. The volcanism included the Uijna and Carcote ignimbrites and the stratovolcanoes on the border between Chile and Bolivia.

Together with Irruputuncu and del Inca and Poruñita it is considered to be a young volcano. Lava flows and craters are no longer recognizable but the volcano maintains a conical shape. Other volcanoes in the area are El Rojo Sur and Olca-Paruma. Pabellón de Inca is not active.

Pabellón de Inca, Irruputuncu and Poruñita have erupted andesite and dacite. They contain hornblende and pyroxene.

The tree Polylepis tarapacana is found on Pabellón de Inca.

Tarapacá Region
The Tarapacá Region (Spanish: Región de Tarapacá, pronounced [taɾapaˈka]) is one of Chile's 16 first-order administrative divisions. It comprises two provinces, Iquique and Tamarugal. It borders the Chilean Arica y Parinacota Region to the north, Bolivia's Oruro Department and Potosí Department on the east, Chile's Antofagasta Region to the south and the Pacific Ocean to the west. The port city of Iquique is the region's capital.

Much of the region was once part of Peru, having been annexed by Chile under the 1883 Treaty of Ancón at the close of the War of the Pacific. The region was important economically as a site of intense saltpeter mining, before synthetic nitrate manufacturing became possible.  A number of abandoned mining towns can still be found in the region.

The present day Tarapacá Region was created in 2007 by subdividing the former Tarapacá Region under Law No. 20,175, which was signed by President Michelle Bachelet in Arica.
Marguerite Island
Marguerite Island is a rocky island 1.3 kilometres (0.7 nmi) northwest of Empereur Island and 3.2 kilometres (1.75 nmi) north-northwest of Cape Margerie, Antarctica. It was charted in 1951 by the French Antarctic Expedition and named by them for Marguerite, a character in Goethe's Faust.

Cape Margerie
Cape Margerie (66°49′S 141°23′E﻿ / ﻿66.817°S 141.383°E﻿ / -66.817; 141.383) is a low, ice-covered cape in Antarctica, marked by prominent rock outcrops at its northern end, lying midway between Cape Mousse and Lacroix Nunatak and bounded on the north by numerous rocky islands. It was charted by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition under Mawson, 1911–14, who named this feature for Emmanuel de Margerie, a French geographer and geologist. Bleue Cove lies immediately east.

Cape Margerie served as the main base site for French Antarctic Expedition parties under André-Frank Liotard, in 1950–51, and Michel Barré, in 1951–52, until fire destroyed the main buildings of their base, known as Port Martin, in January 1952.
7th Asia Artist Awards
The 2022 Asia Artist Awards (Korean: 2022 아시아 아티스트 어워즈), the 7th edition, presented by Star News and Media Boy, which took place on December 13, 2022 at Nippon Gaishi Hall, Nagoya, Japan. It was hosted by Jang Won-young and Leeteuk, broadcast on Star Live on December 13, 2022 at 16.00 (KST). The ceremony featured 35 singers and 18 actors representing Korea.

Leeteuk
Park Jeong-su (Korean: 박정수; born July 1, 1983), known professionally as Leeteuk (이특; [itʰɯk̚]), is a South Korean singer, songwriter, presenter,  radio personality, and actor. He debuted as the leader of the boy band Super Junior in November 2005 and since then has participated in its subgroups Super Junior-T, Super Junior-Happy, and Super Junior-L.S.S. He began his career as a television presenter on the music show M! Countdown. He is best known for his role in presenting Strong Heart, Star King, The Best Cooking Secrets, I Can See Your Voice, and Idol Star Athletics Championships.

He is also a regular figure in the South Korean year-end awards; he has presented Golden Disc Awards three times, Gaon Chart Music Awards six times, and Asia Artist Awards six times. He regularly hosts the Dream Concert and the Asia Song Festival annual concerts.
Joseph L. Lengyel
Joseph Lauren Lengyel (born 1959) is a retired United States Air Force four-star general who last served as the 28th chief of the National Guard Bureau from August 2016 to August 2020. As chief, he was responsible for ensuring that nearly 460,000 Army National Guard and Air National Guard personnel are accessible, capable and ready to protect the homeland and to provide combat capabilities to the United States Army and the United States Air Force. Lengyel is a command pilot with more than 3,000 flying hours primarily in the F-16.

Prior to his last assignment, Lengyel served as the 10th vice chief of the National Guard Bureau. His previous general officer assignments include Senior United States Defense Official; Chief, Office of Military Cooperation; and Defense Attaché, Cairo, United States Central Command, Cairo, Egypt. He retired from the Air Force on August 3, 2020, after over 38 years of service.

Air National Guard
The Air National Guard (ANG), also known as the Air Guard, is a federal military reserve force of the United States Air Force (USAF), as well as the "air militia" of each U.S. state, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the territories of Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands. It, along with the Army National Guard component of each state, district, commonwealth or territory, makes up the National Guard of each region as applicable. Additionally, the ANG and the United States Air Force Reserve constitute the two air reserve components of the USAF.

When Air National Guard units are used under the jurisdiction of the state governor they are fulfilling their militia role. However, when federalized by order of the president of the United States, ANG units become an active part of the U.S. Air Force. They are jointly administered by the states and the National Guard Bureau, a joint bureau of the Army and Air Force that oversees the U.S. National Guard.
Ali-Mohammad Gharbiani
Ali-Mohammad Gharbiani (Persian: علی‌محمد غربیانی) is an Iranian engineer and reformist politician who formerly represented Ardabil, Nir, Namin and Sareyn electoral district in the Iranian Parliament during the second, third, fourth and sixth terms and also served as the former governor of West Azerbaijan province is from 1997 to 1998.

Iranian reformists
The Reformists (Persian: اصلاح‌طلبان, romanized: Eslâh-Talabân) are an Islamic liberal political faction in Iran. Iran's "reform era" is sometimes said to have lasted from 1997 to 2005—the length of President Mohammad Khatami's two terms in office. The Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front is the main umbrella organization and coalition within the movement; however, there are reformist groups not aligned with the council, such as the Reformists Front. Masoud Pezeshkian, a reformist, was elected president following the 2024 Iranian presidential election, and was subsequently confirmed by Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei on 28 July.
Roden Crater
Roden Crater is a cinder cone type of volcanic cone from an extinct volcano, with a remaining interior volcanic crater. It is located approximately 50 miles northeast of the city of Flagstaff in northern Arizona, United States.

Cinder cone
A cinder cone or scoria cone is a steep, conical landform of loose pyroclastic fragments, such as volcanic ash, clinkers, or scoria that has been built around a volcanic vent. The pyroclastic fragments are formed by explosive eruptions or tall lava fountains from a single, typically cylindrical, vent.

As the gas-charged lava is blown violently into the air, it breaks into small fragments that solidify and fall as either scoria which is also referred to cinder and clinker around the vent to form a cone that is often symmetrical, with slopes between 30° and 40° and a nearly circular base. Most cinder cones have a bowl-shaped crater at the summit.
March 832
The March 832 was a British open-wheel Formula 2 racing car, built by March Engineering in 1983. The car's best result in Formula 2 racing was third in the 1983 championship season with Beppe Gabbiani scoring 4 wins with Onyx Racing. After finding moderate success in open-wheel racing, the car was converted to a closed-wheel sports prototype for the revived Can-Am series, it and competed in 1984. It was powered by the 2-liter BMW M12/7B engine. Kim Campbell won the 2-liter Can-Am Championship that season, not scoring any wins, but scoring four podiums, which was enough to clinch the championship.

Formula Two
Formula Two (F2) is a type of open-wheel formula racing category first codified in 1948. It was replaced in 1985 by Formula 3000, but revived by the FIA from 2009 to 2012 in the form of the FIA Formula Two Championship. The name returned again in 2017 when the former GP2 Series became known as the FIA Formula 2 Championship.
1975 Family Circle Cup
The 1975 Family Circle Cup was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Amelia Island Plantation in Amelia Island, Florida in the United States. The event was part of the 1975 WTA Tour. It was the third edition of the tournament and was held from April 21 through April 27, 1975. First-seeded Chris Evert won the singles title, her second consecutive title at the event, and earned $25,000 first-prize money.

Amelia Island Plantation
Omni Amelia Island Resort is a luxury resort community located on Amelia Island, Florida, the westernmost barrier island on the Atlantic Ocean in the U.S.  The resort's tennis facility hosted the Bausch & Lomb Championships, a major Women's Tennis Association tournament, for 20 years. The 402-room hotel on the property is now part of Omni Hotels & Resorts.
Navara rice
Navara rice is one of the many types of rice found in India,  and is a unique grain plant in the Oryza group.  It originated in Palakkad (Palghat) district Kerala, where it is regarded as endemic.  In 2007–09, geographical indication status was granted.  (Typically, such classification indicates an assurance of quality and distinctiveness which is primarily derived from a defined geographical region.)

The rice is often powdered and then mixed with milk and taken in the form of a cereal.

Navara also has religious significance and is sometimes used in temples for ceremonies.

Oryza
Oryza is a genus of plants in the grass family. It includes the major food crop rice (species Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima). Members of the genus grow as tall, wetland grasses, growing to 1–2 metres (3–7 ft) tall; the genus includes both annual and perennial species.

Oryza is situated in tribe Oryzeae, which is characterized morphologically by its single-flowered spikelets whose glumes are almost completely suppressed. In Oryza, two sterile lemma simulate glumes. The tribe Oryzeae is in subfamily Ehrhartoideae,  a group of Poaceae tribes with certain features of internal leaf anatomy in common. The most distinctive leaf characteristics of this subfamily are the arm cells and fusoid cells found in their leaves.

One species, Asian rice (O. sativa), provides 20% of global grain and is a food crop of major global importance. The species are divided into two subgroups within the genus.
1906 in Argentine football
1906 in Argentine football saw Alumni regaining the Argentine championship for the 6th time in seven seasons. The team also won the local Copa de Honor Municipalidad de Buenos Aires and internationals Tie Cup and Copa de Honor Cousenier, obtaining four titles within the same year.

San Isidro, Argentino de Quilmes and San Martín made their debuts in Primera.

Argentino de Quilmes
Club Atlético Argentino de Quilmes, simply known as Argentino de Quilmes, is an Argentine football club from Quilmes, Buenos Aires. The team currently plays in Primera B, the third division of the Argentine football league system.
Calvary Hospital, Hobart
Calvary Lenah Valley Hospital is a Catholic not-for-profit private hospital located in Lenah Valley, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. It operates as part of Little Company of Mary Health Care, commonly known as Calvary Health Care. The hospital is the largest private hospital in Tasmania, providing surgical, maternity, intensive care and emergency services.

Intensive care unit
An intensive care unit (ICU), also known as an intensive therapy unit or intensive treatment unit (ITU) or critical care unit (CCU), is a special department of a hospital or health care facility that provides intensive care medicine.

An intensive care unit was defined by the task force of the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine as "an organized system for the provision of care to critically ill patients that provides intensive and specialized medical and nursing care, an enhanced capacity for monitoring, and multiple modalities of physiologic organ support to sustain life during a period of life-threatening organ system insufficiency."

Patients may be referred directly from an emergency department or from a ward if they rapidly deteriorate, or immediately after surgery if the surgery is very invasive and the patient is at high risk of complications.
Boundiali Biomass Power Station
Boundali Biomass Power Station (BBPS), is a 25 MW (34,000 hp) biomass-fired thermal power plant  under development in Ivory Coast. The power station is under development by EcoStar Energy Ivory Coast, the Ivorian subsidiary of EcoStar Energy, a United States-based independent power producer (IPP). The power project received financial facilitation in form of a grant, from the United States Trade and Development Agency (USTDA).

United States Trade and Development Agency
The United States Trade and Development Agency (USTDA) is an independent agency of the United States government, formed in 1992 to advance economic development and U.S. commercial interests in developing and middle income countries.
Assassination of Karl Hotz
Karl Hotz (29 April 1877, Wertheim am Main, Germany  – 20 October 1941, Nantes, France) was a Lt. Colonel in the German military during World War II. With the occupation of France by Nazi Germany in June 1940, Hotz became the military governor of the German military administration in Nantes. He was assassinated in Nantes by French communists on 20 October 1941, one of the first German soldiers killed by the French Resistance. His assassination led to a massive manhunt for his killers and the retaliatory execution of 48 French citizens by the Germans.  Relations between the German occupiers and French officials in Nantes had been cooperative until the executions which contributed to worsening relationships between the French and their German occupiers.

Communism in France
Communism has been a part of French politics since the early 20th century at the latest. It has been described as "an enduring presence on the French political scene" for most of the 20th century.

In 1920, the French Section of the Communist International was founded. This organization went on to become the French Communist Party (Parti communiste français, PCF). Following World War II, the French Communist Party joined the government led by Charles de Gaulle before being dropped by the coalition. From November 1946 to 1956, the French Communist Party won more votes than any other party in the French national elections. After 1956, their share of the vote gradually declined.

In addition to the French Communist Party, there are and have been other French communist political parties.
United Wagon Company
United Wagon Company (Russian: ПАО «Научно-производственная корпорация «Объединенная Вагонная Компания») is a major Russian manufacturers of railway freight cars that is headquartered in Moscow.

The company is on the Russian Ministry for Economic Development list of strategically important organizations. The railway holding Research and Production Corporation "United Wagon Company" is engaged in design, manufacturing, leasing and maintenance of freight cars as well as transportation services.

United Wagon Company operates a railway holding comprising a few enterprises located in Leningrad and Udmurtiya region – Tikhvin Freight Car Building Plant, TikhvinChemMash, TikhvinSpetsMash, NPC "Springs", as well as the transport company UNICON 1520, leasing companies under the RAIL1520 brand and the car-repair enterprise TAP "Titran-Express". UWC also oversees its own research & development Center

Association of American Railroads
The Association of American Railroads (AAR) is an industry trade group representing primarily the major freight railroads of North America (Canada, Mexico and the United States). Amtrak and some regional commuter railroads are also members. Smaller freight railroads are typically represented by the American Short Line and Regional Railroad Association (ASLRRA), although some smaller railroads and railroad holding companies are also members of the AAR. The AAR also has two associate programs, and most associates are suppliers to the railroad industry.
Dockage
Dockage is a factor in the grading of some grains under the official U.S. Grain Standards. Wheat dockage is described as weed seeds, weed stems, chaff, straw, or grain other than wheat, which can be readily removed from the wheat by the use of appropriate sieves and cleaning devices; also, underdeveloped, shriveled and small pieces of wheat kernels removed in properly separating, properly rescreening, or recleaning.  The term also may be used to describe the amount of reduction in price taken because of a deficiency in quality.

Grain
A grain is a small, hard, dry fruit (caryopsis) – with or without an attached hull layer – harvested for human or animal consumption. A grain crop is a grain-producing plant. The two main types of commercial grain crops are cereals and legumes.

After being harvested, dry grains are more durable than other staple foods, such as starchy fruits (plantains, breadfruit, etc.) and tubers (sweet potatoes, cassava, and more). This durability has made grains well suited to industrial agriculture, since they can be mechanically harvested, transported by rail or ship, stored for long periods in silos, and milled for flour or pressed for oil. Thus, the grain market is a major global agricultural market that includes crops such as maize, rice, soybeans, wheat and other grains.
Louis Ciccarello
Louis S. Ciccarello (October 26, 1938 – September 9, 2023) was an American politician and lawyer.

Ciccarello was elected to a single term on the Connecticut Senate in 1974, representing the 25th district as a Democrat. He earned a J.D. degree from Stanford University Law School, then practiced law from 1965 to 2018. Ciccarello had a daughter, Lynne, and a son, Matthew. Matthew died in 2012 at the age of 43.

Connecticut State Senate
The Connecticut State Senate is the upper house of the Connecticut General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The state senate comprises 36 members, each representing a district with around 99,280 inhabitants. Senators are elected to two-year terms without term limits. The Connecticut State Senate is one of 14 state legislative upper houses whose members serve two-year terms; four-year terms are more common.

As in other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate is vested with special functions such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to the state's executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions and boards. Unlike a majority of U.S. state legislatures, both the Connecticut House of Representatives and the State Senate vote on the composition of the Connecticut Supreme Court.

The Senate meets within the State Capitol in Hartford.
Bleach Trading Card Game
The Bleach Trading Card Game is an out-of-print collectible card game from Score Entertainment, and is based on the manga and anime series of the same name. The game received a nomination for Origin's "Game of the Year" and earned a semi-finalist position.

Origins Awards
The Origins Awards are American awards for outstanding work in the gaming industry. They are presented by the Game Manufacturers Association (GAMA) at the Origins Game Fair on an annual basis for games released in the preceding year. For example, the 1979 awards were given at the 1980 game fair. Award categories include board games, card games, tabletop role-playing games, strategy games, and game accessories.
Michel Cournot
Michel Cournot (French pronunciation: [miʃɛl kuʁno]; 1 May 1922 – 8 February 2007) was a French journalist, screenwriter and film director. As a writer he was awarded the Fénéon Prize in 1949 for Martinique. His only film as a director, Les Gauloises bleues, was due to be entered at the 1968 Cannes Film Festival, but the festival was cancelled because of the events of May 1968 in France.

He received a Genie Award nomination for Best Original Screenplay at the 10th Genie Awards in 1989, as cowriter with Claude Fournier and Marie-José Raymond of the Canadian television miniseries The Mills of Power (Les Tisserands du pouvoir).

1968 Cannes Film Festival
The 21st Cannes Film Festival took place from 10 to 19 May 1968, when it was officially cancelled due to the ongoing turmoil of May 1968 in France. French writer André Chamson served as jury president for the main competition.

The festival opened with Gone with the Wind (1939) by Victor Fleming.