hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Optic disc drusen
Optic disc drusen (ODD)  are globules of mucoproteins and mucopolysaccharides that progressively calcify in the optic disc. They are thought to be the remnants of the axonal transport system of degenerated retinal ganglion cells.
ODD have also been referred to as congenitally elevated or anomalous discs, pseudopapilledema, pseudoneuritis, buried disc drusen, and disc hyaline bodies.

Glycosaminoglycan
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) or mucopolysaccharides are long, linear polysaccharides consisting of repeating disaccharide units (i.e., two-sugar units). The repeating two-sugar unit consists of a uronic sugar and an amino sugar, except in the case of the sulfated glycosaminoglycan keratan, where, in place of the uronic sugar there is a galactose unit. GAGs are found in vertebrates, invertebrates and bacteria.
Because GAGs are highly polar molecules and attract water; the body uses them as lubricants or shock absorbers.

Mucopolysaccharidoses are a group of metabolic disorders in which abnormal accumulations of glycosaminoglycans occur due to enzyme deficiencies.
Paul W. K. Rothemund
Paul Wilhelm Karl Rothemund is a research professor at the Computation and Neural Systems department at Caltech. He has become known in the fields of DNA nanotechnology and synthetic biology for his pioneering work with DNA origami.  He shared both categories of the 2006 Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology with Erik Winfree for their work in creating DNA nanotubes, algorithmic molecular self-assembly of DNA tile structures, and their theoretical work on DNA computing.  Rothemund is also a 2007 recipient of the MacArthur Fellowship.

Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology
The Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology is an award given by the Foresight Institute for significant advances in nanotechnology.  Two prizes are awarded annually, in the categories of experimental and theoretical work. There is also a separate challenge award for making a nanoscale robotic arm and 8-bit adder.
Adam Eriksson (footballer, born 1990)
Adam Lars Eriksson (born 13 July 1990) is a Swedish retired footballer who plays for Falkenbergs FF as a defender.

He signed for Helsingborgs IF from Falkenbergs FF before the start of the 2016 season.

2016 Allsvenskan
The 2016 Allsvenskan season was the 92nd edition of top tier Allsvenskan football competition since its founding in 1924 under the authority of the Swedish Football Association in Sweden; the 2016 Swedish football season. The season started on 2 April 2016 and ended in November 2016. 16 teams contested. The fixtures were released on 9 December 2015 and it included a match between the two most recent champions IFK Norrköping and Malmö FF (in Malmö) as the opening game, a revisit of their 2015 final match.

IFK Norrköping unsuccessfully defended its 2015 title. Malmö FF successfully defended its away pursuit of their 22nd title on 26 October 2016 in the 2016 final defeating Falkenbergs FF at Falkenbergs IP, 3-0 this season; and their 19th Swedish championship overall.
Herbert Léonard
Herbert Léonard (French pronunciation: [ɛʁbɛʁ leɔnaʁ]; 25 February 1945 – 2 March 2025), born Hubert Lœnhard, was a French entertainer and historian, who was principally known as a singer. He was also a specialist of Russian airplanes from World War II. His first success "Quelque chose tient mon cœur" (Somethings Got A Hold of My Heart) opened the doors of the hit-parade to him in 1968.

His 1982 album Ça donne envie d'aimer and the song "Amoureux fous" was done in a duo with Julie Pietri, perpetuating his image as a crooner. Léonard died from lung cancer in Fontainebleau on 2 March 2025, five days after his 80th birthday.

Crooner
A crooner is a singer who performs with a smooth, intimate style that originated in the 1920s. The crooning style was made possible by improved microphones that picked up quieter sounds and a wider range of frequencies than before, allowing the singer to access a greater dynamic range and exploit the proximity effect. This suggestion of intimacy was supposedly wildly attractive to women, especially a youth subculture known at the time as "bobby soxers". The crooning style developed among singers who performed with big bands and reached its height in the 1940s to late 1960s.

Crooning is epitomized by vocalists of the era such as Al Bowlly, Bing Crosby, Rudy Vallee and Frank Sinatra, although Sinatra did not consider himself or Crosby to be "crooners". Other performers, such as Russ Columbo, also rejected the term.
Orciatico
Orciatico is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Lajatico, province of Pisa. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 213.

Orciatico is about 57 km from Pisa and 7 km from Lajatico.

Province of Pisa
The province of Pisa (Italian: provincia di Pisa) is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Pisa. With an area of 2,448 square kilometres (945 mi2) and a total population of 421,642 (As of 2014), it is the second most populous and fifth largest province of Tuscany. It is subdivided into 37 comuni (sg.: comune).

With a history that dates to the Etruscans and Phoenicians, the province achieved considerable power and influence in the Mediterranean in the 12th and 13th centuries. Pisa, the provincial capital, is known for its Leaning Tower, and other historic landmarks that attract tourists.
Mount Carmel School
Mount Carmel School (New Delhi) is a co-educational private school for boarding and day students located in Anand Niketan, Delhi, India with branches at Dwarka and Gurugram.  The school is affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) and run by a registered educational society called Mount Carmel School Society. It is a church-based society, registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860, running unaided minority educational institutions in the national capital.  Today the school has over 45,000 students with a staff of 180 at the 3 branches.

Societies Registration Act, 1860
The Societies Registration Act, 1860 is a legislation in British India which allows the registration of entities generally involved in the benefit of society – education, health, employment etc.

The British Indian Empire, with a wish to encourage such activities and to promote the formal organisation of groups of like minded people, incorporated the Act 21 of 1860, in other words, the Societies Registration Act, 1860 (21 of 1860), which came into force on 21 May 1860.

In post-independence India, the Act continues until today and being an Act of Parliament, comes under the Right to Information Act, wherein the government is legally responsible to give any information requested by any citizen of India with respect to any society.

In Bangladesh, Burma and Pakistan, all previously part of the British Raj, the Act also continues. In Brunei, Hong Kong, Malaysia and Singapore, similar legislations for the registration of societies are also in place.
Fusarium equiseti
Fusarium equiseti is a fungal species and plant pathogen on a varied range of crops.

It is considered to be a weak pathogen on cereals and is occasionally found to be associated with 'Fusarium head blight' infected kernels.
It is commonly found in tropical and sub-tropical areas.

The species has been reported to be a causal organism of wilt in Capsicum chinense in Mexico in 2016.

Fusarium equiseti is also one of the causal organisms for causing chilli wilt in Kashmir along with other fungi species; Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani.

Capsicum chinense
Capsicum chinense, commonly known as a "habanero-type pepper", is a species of chili pepper native to the Americas. C. chinense varieties are well known for their unique flavors and, in many cases, exceptional heat. The hottest peppers in the world are members of this species, with a Scoville heat unit score of 2.69 million measured in the C. chinense cultivar Pepper X in 2023.

Some taxonomists consider C. chinense to be within the species C. annuum, and they are a member of the C. annuum complex; however, C. chinense and C. annuum pepper plants can sometimes be distinguished by the number of flowers or fruit per node – two to five for C. chinense and one for C. annuum – though this method is not always accurate. The two species can also hybridize and generate inter-specific hybrids. C. frutescens may be the ancestor to the C. chinense species.
Prionium
Prionium serratum, the palmiet, is a robust, evergreen, semiaquatic, rhizomatous flowering plant growing to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) in height. It is the only species in the genus Prionium, and is endemic to South Africa (Cape Province and KwaZulu-Natal).  Some authors have separated Prionium from the Thurniaceae, putting it instead in its own family, the Prioniaceae.

Cape Province
The Province of the Cape of Good Hope (Afrikaans: Provinsie Kaap die Goeie Hoop), commonly referred to as "the Cape Province" (Afrikaans: Kaapprovinsie) and colloquially as "The Cape" (Afrikaans: Die Kaap), was a province in the Union of South Africa and subsequently the Republic of South Africa. It encompassed the old Cape Colony, as well as Walvis Bay, and had Cape Town as its capital. In 1994, the Cape Province was divided into the new Eastern Cape, Northern Cape and Western Cape provinces, along with part of the North West.
Jill Gibson
Jill Gibson (born June 18, 1942) is an American singer, songwriter, photographer, painter and sculptor. She is mostly known for her collaboration work with Jan & Dean and for having briefly been a member of the successful 1960s rock group the Mamas and the Papas. She was also one of the main photographers at the historic Monterey Pop Festival in 1967.

Shelley Fabares
Michele Ann Marie "Shelley" Fabares (/ˌfæbəˈreɪ/; born January 19, 1944) is a retired American actress and singer. She is known for her television roles as Francine Webster on One Day at a Time, Mary on the sitcom The Donna Reed Show (1958–1963) and as Christine Armstrong on the sitcom Coach (1989–1997), the latter of which earned her two Primetime Emmy Awards nominations. Her film roles include playing the leading lady to Elvis Presley in Girl Happy (1965), Spinout (1966), and Clambake (1967). In 1962, her recording of "Johnny Angel" reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.
Craig Osaikhwuwuomwan
Craig Osaikhwuwuomwan (born October 12, 1990) is a Dutch professional basketball player who plays for Flyers Wels. He is a 2.11 m (6 ft 11 in) tall and usually plays the center position. Osaikhwuwuomwan is a former member of the Dutch national basketball team.

Flyers Wels
Raiffeisen Flyers Wels, formerly WBC Wels, is a professional basketball club based in Wels, Austria. The team has been playing in the Austrian Basketball League since it was founded in 2000. In 2009 the team won the Austrian national championship. The club was founded as Welser Basketball Club in 2000 through a merger of the clubs Union Wels and ABC Sparkasse Wels.
Peter Struhár
Peter Struhár (born 17 January 1984) is a Slovak professional football manager and former player. He is currently in charge of Polish club Znicz Pruszków. Prior to that, he managed MFK Ružomberok, Zemplín Michalovce and GKS Jastrzębie.

Struhár played for Czech team 1. FC Slovácko.

GKS Jastrzębie
Klub Sportowy GKS Jastrzębie (English: Sports Club GKS Jastrzębie), commonly known as GKS Jastrzębie (Polish pronunciation: [jasˈtʂɛmbʲɛ]), is a football club based in Jastrzębie-Zdrój, Poland. As of the 2025–26 season, they compete in II liga. In the 1988–89 season, they played in the top-flight.
Kitai Teinakore
Kitai Manuela Teinakore (born 23 October 1957) is a Cook Islands politician and former member of the Cook Islands Parliament. He is a member of the Cook Islands Democratic Party.

Teinakore was born on Aitutaki and educated at Araura School, Vaitau School, and Aitutaki Junior High School. He worked as a public servant for the Ministry of Agriculture. He was first elected at the 2018 Cook Islands general election, defeating the Cook Islands Party's Moana Ioane. In February 2020 he was appointed Democratic Party spokesperson for the Ombudsman, House of Ariki and the Koutu Nui.

He lost his seat in the 2022 Cook Islands general election.

2022 Cook Islands general election
The 2022 Cook Islands general election was held on 1 August 2022 to determine the composition of the 18th Parliament of the Cook Islands. A referendum on legalising medical cannabis was held on the same day.
Doppelgänger (The Grid album)
Doppelgänger is the fourth studio album by The Grid, released in 2008, after a break of more than ten years. Guest artists include Robert Fripp on "Mighty Heroik" and Chris Braide on "Closer", "Be Here With You", "Fools Rush In" and "Feed Your Mind". The album was reissued by One Little Indian in 2017.

Robert Fripp
Robert Fripp (born 16 May 1946) is an English musician, composer, record producer, and author, best known as the guitarist, founder and only constant member of the progressive rock band King Crimson. He has worked extensively as a session musician and collaborator, notably with David Bowie, Blondie, Brian Eno, Peter Gabriel, Peter Hammill, Daryl Hall, the Roches, Talking Heads, and David Sylvian. He also composed the startup sound of Windows Vista, in collaboration with Tucker Martine and Steve Ball. His discography includes contributions to more than 700 official releases.

His compositions often feature unusual asymmetric rhythms, influenced by classical and folk traditions. His innovations include a tape delay system known as "Frippertronics" (superseded in the 1990s by a more sophisticated digital system called "Soundscapes") and New Standard Tuning.

Fripp is married to English singer and actress Toyah Willcox.
1995 Arizona Rattlers season
The 1995 Arizona Rattlers season was the fourth season for the Arizona Rattlers. They finished the 1995 Arena Football League season 7–5 and ended the season with a loss in the quarterfinals of the playoffs against the Iowa Barnstormers.

1995 Arena Football League season
The 1995 Arena Football League season was the ninth season of the Arena Football League (AFL). It was succeeded by 1996. The league champions were the Tampa Bay Storm, who defeated the Orlando Predators in ArenaBowl IX. The AFL realigned its divisions for the third straight year to two divisions per conference, a format that was then used until 2016.
Sally saw
A sally saw is a portable, motorized saw created by the Cummings Machine Works in 1945  for limbing and bucking trees. A sally saw comprises an engine, an annular saw blade driven by a gear adjacent to the rim, and a drive shaft. Like a String trimmer or Motorized Pole Saw, the drive shaft runs through a tube, which serves as the frame and grip area.

Polesaw
A polesaw (also pole saw or giraffe saw) is a saw attached to a pole or long handle that is used for pruning tree branches that are beyond arm's reach. A polesaw allows its user to cut high branches without the use of a ladder. Polesaws can be manual or motorized.

A polesaw is common equipment for phone- and powerline workers to prune tree limbs entangled with overhead cables, but the physical nature of the work can be a source of musculoskeletal injuries.
RIVA 128
The RIVA 128, or "NV3", was a consumer graphics processing unit created in 1997 by Nvidia. It was the first nVidia product to integrate 3D acceleration in addition to traditional 2D and video acceleration. Its name is an acronym for Real-time Interactive Video and Animation accelerator.

The RIVA 128 followed Nvidia's less successful "NV1" accelerator and was the first product to gain Nvidia widespread recognition. It was also a major change in Nvidia's technological direction.

STMicroelectronics
STMicroelectronics NV (commonly referred to as ST or STMicro) is a European multinational semiconductor contract manufacturing and design company. It is the largest of such companies in Europe. It was founded in 1987 from the merger of two state-owned semiconductor corporations, Thomson Semiconducteurs of France and SGS Microelettronica of Italy. The company is incorporated in the Netherlands and headquartered in Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland. Its shares are traded on Euronext Paris, the Borsa Italiana and the New York Stock Exchange. It manufactures a wide range of microelectronics, including the widely-used STM8 and STM32 microcontrollers.
Ken Whitlow
Kenneth Moody "Tuffy" Whitlow (November 30, 1917 – November 12, 1969) was an American professional football center.

Whitlow was born in Wichita Falls, Texas in 1917 and attended Wichita Falls High School. He played college football for Rice.  He was selected by the Associated Press as the first-team center on the 1940 All-Southwest Conference football team. He was also the captain of the southern team for the 1940 North–South Shrine Game.

He played professional football in the All-America Football Conference for the Miami Seahawks in 1946.  He appeared in a total of 13 professional games, seven of them as a starter.

He died in 1969 in Houston.

Wichita Falls, Texas
Wichita Falls (/ˈwɪtʃɪtɑː/ WITCH-ih-tah) is a city in and the county seat of Wichita County, Texas, United States. It is the principal city of the Wichita Falls metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses all of Archer, Clay, and Wichita Counties. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 102,316, making it the 43rd-most populous city in Texas. Wichita Falls is home to Midwestern State University, enrolling more than 5,500 students.
Orto Botanico dei Frignoli
The Orto Botanico dei Frignoli (7 hectares) is a botanical garden located at 900 metres elevation on SS63 del Passo del Cerreto, Fivizzano, Province of Massa-Carrara, Italy. It is open daily in the warmer months; an admission fee is charged.

The garden was originally established in 1932 as a nursery of the Corpo Forestale dello Stato (State Forestry Corps). In 1990 it became a provincial botanical garden with help from Comunità Montana and the Museo di Storia Naturale della Lunigiana. Today the garden includes an arboretum containing about one hundred species of woody plants from the Apuan Alps, Apennine Mountains, and Mediterranean regions. Its plantings reproduce various mountain environments, as well as local food plants and natural areas.

Apuan Alps
The Apuan Alps (Italian: Alpi Apuane) are a mountain range in northern Tuscany, Italy. They are included between the valleys of the Serchio and Magra rivers, and, to the northwest, the Garfagnana and Lunigiana, with a total length of approximately 55 kilometres (34 mi).

The name derives from the Apuani Ligures tribe that lived there in ancient times.

The mountain range is known for its Carrara marble. Due to the high environmental impact of marble quarrying, the No Cav movement strongly opposes this activity.
2010 Primera Division of Chile
The 2010 Primera División del Fútbol Profesional Chileno season (known as the 2010 Campeonato Nacional Petrobras for sponsorship reasons) was the 79th season of top-flight football in Chile. Originally comprising two tournaments, the 2010 season was the first single-stage season since 2001. This was due to the devastating 8.8 magnitude earthquake on February 27, 2010.
Universidad Católica won their tenth title.

Apertura and Clausura
The Apertura ([apeɾˈtuɾa]) and Clausura ([klawˈsuɾa]) tournaments is a split season format for Spanish-speaking sports leagues. It is a relatively recent innovation for many Latin American football leagues in which the traditional association football season from August to May is divided in two sections per season, each with its own champion.  Apertura and Clausura are the Spanish words for "opening" and "closing".  In French-speaking Haiti, these are known as the Ouverture and the Fermeture, while in English-speaking Belize, they are respectively the Opening and Closing seasons. When used in the United States and Canada, they are known as the Spring Championship and Fall Championship (French: Championnat de printemps; Championnat d'automne).
Iron Gate (Central Asia)
The Iron Gate (Uzbek: Buzgalaxona; Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰢𐰼:𐰴𐰯𐰍, romanized: temir qapïɣ in Orkhon and Tonyukuk inscriptions;  Persian: دربند Darband, Chinese: 鐵門關; pinyin: Tiěménguān), is a defile between Balkh and Samarkand. It breaks up the mountains which extend from the Hisar range south towards the Amu Darya. In ancient times it was used as the passage between Bactria and Sogdia and was likely of great importance to any power in the region. Its name comes from the belief that an actual gate, reinforced with Iron, stood in the defile. It is located to west from Boysun, Surxondaryo Region. Although its exact location is debatable, it is usually considered to be the 3-kilometre (1.9 mi) pass on the road from Samarkand (Uzbekistan) to Balkh (Afghanistan) and close to Qarshi city. According to historian Lev Gumilev its present name is "Buzgala".

Old Turkic
Old Turkic, also known as East Old Turkic, was a Siberian Turkic language spoken around East Turkistan and Mongolia. It was first discovered in inscriptions originating from the Second Turkic Khaganate, and later the Uyghur Khaganate, making it the earliest attested Common Turkic language. In terms of the datability of extant written sources, the period of Old Turkic can be dated from slightly before 720 AD to the Mongol invasions of the 13th century.
Balwyn
Balwyn (/ˈbɔːlwən/ ⓘ) is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Boroondara local government area. Balwyn recorded a population of 13,495 at the 2021 census.

The suburb's post-European settlement character was initially agricultural with several large estates built around a small village centre. Since the early 20th century, farms and mansions gave way to suburban development as the population of Melbourne rapidly grew. Today Balwyn is almost entirely residential and one of Victoria's most affluent suburbs, regularly ranking in the state's top 10 most expensive suburbs.

Box Hill railway station, Melbourne
Box Hill station is a railway station operated by Metro Trains Melbourne on the Belgrave and Lilydale lines, which are both part of the Melbourne rail network. It serves the eastern suburb of Box Hill, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Box Hill station is a below ground premium station, featuring four platforms, an island platform with two faces and two side platforms connected by a ground level precinct. It opened on 1 December 1882, with the current station provided in 1985.

The station is located underground, beneath the Box Hill Central shopping centre. East of the station, towards Lilydale and Belgrave, the three tracks merge into two.
Bar Council of Bihar
Bar Council of Bihar is the regulatory and statutorily representative body for lawyers practicing law in the state of Bihar. It was constituted as per the mandatory requirement as per Advocates Act, 1961 and Bar Council of India. In March 1953, S. R. Das as head of the 'All India Bar Committee', proposed the creation of the apex body as an All-India Bar Council and  Bar council at state levels and submitted a report to the Central Government of India.  Members of the Bar Council are elected from among members enrolled and practicing as lawyers practicing law in the state of Bihar and they represent the state in Bar Council of India meetings. Bar Council of a place designs standards of professional conduct to be followed by members, and designs etiquettes and has the power to enforce disciplinary guidelines over the members of bar council.

Professional conduct
Professional conduct is the field of regulation of members of professional bodies, either acting under statutory or contractual powers.

Historically, professional conduct was wholly undertaken by the private professional bodies, the sole legal authority for which was of a contractual nature. These bodies commonly established codes of conduct and ethical codes for the guidance of their members.

In certain areas, where the public interest is considered to be heavily engaged, legislation has been enacted, either replacing professional regulation by statutory legislation, or by a form of supervision of the professional body by a statutory body.