hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mary Rood
Mary Rood or  Roode was an 18th-century English silversmith.

Little is known about Rood. Her maiden name appears to have been Roode and she was possibly the widow of largeworker James Rood when she registered two marks, for sterling and new standard, on 2 December 1721. She gave an address in Maiden Lane, and was classified as a largerworker as well.

A pair of saltcellars, made by Rood between 1724 and 1725, are currently owned by the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Another pair of George III trencher salts, dating to 1723, are in the collection of the National Museum of Women in the Arts. A third set of trencher salts, also dated 1724/5, are in the silver holdings of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Other similar pieces with her mark have also survived, all dating to the 1720s.

Largeworker
A largeworker was a form of silversmith in England from the 17th to the early 20th centuries who made items of a larger size such as dishes or candlesticks. When craftsmen registered their mark they would classify themselves as "goldworker", "smallworker", or "largeworker" according to their skill and specialism.
2004 Vancouver Women's Open – Singles
This was the first WTA edition of the tournament; the previous editions were ITF events.

Anna-Lena Grönefeld was the defending champion from 2003, but lost in the second round to Sessil Karatantcheva.

Nicole Vaidišová won the title, defeating Laura Granville in the final. At 15 years and 3 months of age, Vaidišová became the 6th youngest woman to win a Pro-level title, and the youngest since 1997.

Laura Granville
Laura Granville  (born May 12, 1981) is an American former professional tennis player. During the two years she spent at Stanford University, she set the record for most consecutive singles victories with 58 and finished with an overall record of 93–3. Granville won the NCAA Championship in singles as well as the ITA Player of the Year in both 2000 and 2001.

In 2001, Stanford won the women's tennis national team championship, and Granville was also a doubles finalist. She retired in 2010 after seven full years on the WTA Tour and returned to Stanford, where she completed her studies and graduated in 2012. She was inducted into the Stanford University Athletics Hall of Fame in 2014.

Granville is now in her sixth season as the head coach of the Princeton University women's tennis team. In 2014, the Princeton women's tennis program won the Ivy League title and defeated Arizona State 4–3 to win its first-ever NCAA tournament match.
Robert Watson (artist)
Robert Watson (28 February 1923 – 14 December 2004) was an American artist born in Martinez, California.  Watson provided the cover art for Ray Bradbury's The Martian Chronicles, second edition, printed in 1953.

Robert Watson was mostly self-taught artist. In the early 1940s he spent several years in New York City studying work at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. He also studied with Frederick Taubes at the University of Wisconsin before relocating to Berkeley, California.

In 1947, he held his first exhibition at Gump's in San Francisco. The show was favorably reviewed by San Francisco Chronicle Art Critic Alfred Frankenstein. In 1953, he painted the cover art for the 1953 edition of Ray Bradbury's The Martian Chronicles.

On May 17, 1997, Watson had a 50-year retrospective show at the Weinstein Gallery in San Francisco, California.  Mayor Willie Brown proclaimed that day "Robert Watson Day".

Watson died at the age of 81 in Poway, California after a brief struggle with cancer.

Poway, California
Poway (/ˈpaʊ.eɪ/) is a city in San Diego County, California, United States. Poway's rural roots influenced its motto "The City in the Country". The city had a population of 48,841 as of the 2020 United States census.

Poway is part of San Diego's North County.
Cameo glass
Cameo glass is a luxury form of glass art produced by cameo glass engraving or etching and carving through fused layers of differently colored glass to produce designs, usually with white opaque glass figures and motifs on a dark-colored background. The technique is first seen in ancient Roman art of about 30 BC, where it was an alternative to the more luxurious engraved gem vessels in cameo style that used naturally layered semi-precious gemstones such as onyx and agate. Glass allowed consistent and predictable colored layers, even for round objects.

From the mid-19th century there was a revival of cameo glass, suited equally to Neo-Grec taste and the French Art Nouveau practiced by Émile Gallé.  Cameo glass is still produced today.

Corning Museum of Glass
The Corning Museum of Glass is a museum in Corning, New York, United States, dedicated to the art, history, and science of glass. It was founded in 1951 by Corning Glass Works and currently has a collection of more than 50,000 glass objects, some over 3,500 years old.
Chief of Staff Operations
The Chief of Staff Operations is a senior post in the South African National Defence Force.

The Chief of Staff Operations liaises with multi-lateral organisation, international and domestic stakeholders and the spheres of government; establishes all necessary legal instruments related to the deployment of the force in terms of the Constitution, international law and the Defence Act; conducts high-level joint operational planning; and prepares directives on the conduct of operations.

They are also responsible for the philosophy, doctrine and configuration of the command and control system for the Defence Force, whilst Chief Staff Command and Communication Systems Management (CS6) establishes and maintains the communications system architecture for command and control.

South African National Defence Force
The South African National Defence Force (SANDF) comprises the armed forces of South Africa. The Chief of the SANDF is appointed by the President of South Africa from one of the armed services. They are in turn accountable to the Minister of Defence and Military Veterans of the Defence Department.

The military as it exists today was created in 1994, following South Africa's first nonracial election in April of that year and the adoption of a new constitution. It replaced the South African Defence Force and also integrated uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK), and the Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA) guerilla forces.
Raghuveer Singh Koshal
Raghuveer Singh Koshal (22 February 1933 – 24 August 2015) was an Indian politician and a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) political party.  He was a member of the 13th Lok Sabha and the 14th Lok Sabha of India. He represented the Kota constituency in Rajasthan state.

13th Lok Sabha
The 13th Lok Sabha (20 October 1999 – 6 February 2004) is the thirteenth session of the Lok Sabha (House of the People, or lower house in the Parliament of India). It was convened after 1999 Indian general election held during September–October 1999.

This majority group in the Lok Sabha during this period was the National Democratic Alliance, a nationalist group led by the Bharatiya Janata Party, which won 270 seats, 16 more than 12th Lok Sabha. The NDA, under the leadership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee completed its term until the next general elections of May 2004 for the next 14th Lok Sabha. This was the first non-INC government to complete the full term.

Four sitting members from Rajya Sabha, the Upper House of Indian Parliament, were elected to 13th Lok Sabha after the 1999 Indian general election.
Charles Edwards Lester
Charles Edwards Lester or C. Edwards Lester (c. 1815–1890) was an American author and diplomat.

Lester was born in Griswold, Connecticut, a descendant of Jonathan Edwards.  He was of a roving disposition and traveled widely in the United States and Europe.  He was admitted to the bar in Mississippi and later was ordained a minister in the Presbyterian church.

In 1840, he addressed antislavery meetings in Massachusetts and was elected a delegate to the London antislavery conference of that year.  He remained in England after the close of the conference.  His The Glory and Shame of England, published in New York in 1841, criticized England's antislavery professions.  In 1842, President Tyler appointed Lester United States Consul at Genoa.

Griswold, Connecticut
Griswold is a town in New London County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Southeastern Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 11,402 at the 2020 census. Griswold contains the borough of Jewett City and the villages of Doaneville, Kaalmanville, Rixtown, Glasgo, Hopeville, Nathanieltown, and Pachaug.
The Gertrudes
The Gertrudes are a Canadian indie folk band from Kingston, Ontario, founded in 2008. From 2009-2012 they found significant placement on campus music charts, toured Canada coast to coast, and reached number 1 on the CBC R3-30 charts. From 2013 to 2020, they released and performed very occasionally, in connection with community issues. In 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, a new phase of writing and recording began, resulting in the albums Emergency To Emergency in 2021 and Just to Please You in 2023.

CBC Radio
CBC Radio is the English-language radio operations of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. The CBC operates a number of radio networks serving different audiences and programming niches, all of which (regardless of language) are outlined below.
Çamköy Dam
Çamköy Dam is a boron wastewater collection dam in Balıkesir, Turkey. Wastewater from a nearby colemanite mine is collected in the dam. The wastewater from the mine has a high boron concentration (627.36 mg/L). The amount of boron in the reservoir was found to vary, slightly, peaking in August.  A study of the phytoplankton in the dam's reservoir found 44 taxa, 77% of which belonged to the Bacillariophyta.

Colemanite
Colemanite (Ca2B6O11·5H2O) or (CaB3O4(OH)3·H2O) is a borate mineral found in evaporite deposits of alkaline lacustrine environments. Colemanite is a secondary mineral that forms by alteration of borax and ulexite.

It was first described in 1884 for an occurrence near Furnace Creek in Death Valley and was named after William Tell Coleman (1824–1893), owner of the mine "Harmony Borax Works" where it was first found.  At the time, Coleman had alternatively proposed the name "smithite" instead after his business associate Francis Marion Smith.
Al Ferguson
Al Ferguson (19 April 1888 – 4 December 1971) was an Irish-born American film actor.

Born in County Wexford, Ireland, he appeared in nearly 300 films between 1912 and 1956. Billed as Smoke Ferguson, by 1912 he was making Westerns for Selig Polyscope Company. In the 1920s he was the star, producer, and director for several low-budget Western films. He also appeared in some television Westerns in the 1950s.

Ferguson died in Burbank, California. He is interred at Glendale's Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery.

Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale, California)
Forest Lawn Memorial Park is a privately owned cemetery in Glendale, California, United States. It is the original and current flagship location of Forest Lawn Memorial-Parks & Mortuaries, a chain of six cemeteries and four additional mortuaries in Southern California.
Ginger Meggs
Ginger Meggs, created in 1921 by Jimmy Bancks, is one of Australia's most popular and the longest-running comic strip. The strip follows the escapades of a red-haired prepubescent mischief-maker who lives in an inner suburban working-class household. While employed at The Bulletin, Bancks submitted cartoons to the Sydney Sunday Sun, where he began his Us Fellers strip in 1921 in the "Sunbeams" section of the Sunday Sun. Ginger first appeared in Us Fellers on 13 November 1921, drawn by Bancks. When Bancks died on 1 July 1952 from a heart attack, Ron Vivian took over the strip (1953–1973), followed by Lloyd Piper (1973–1982), James Kemsley (1983–2007), and Jason Chatfield since 2007. In 2023, it was announced that the series would be discontinued.

Royal Australian Mint
The Royal Australian Mint  is the national mint of Australia, and the primary production facility for the country’s circulating coins. The mint is a Commonwealth Government entity operating within the portfolio of the Treasury, and is situated in the Australian capital city of Canberra, in the suburb of Deakin. The current facility was opened in 1965 by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.

Before the opening of the Australian Mint, Australian coins were struck at the Sydney Mint, Melbourne Mint and Perth Mint. As such, the Royal Australian Mint was the first mint in Australia to be independent of the British Royal Mint, in the United Kingdom, which was a British government entity. (Of the three older Australian mints, only Perth Mint has remained; it was a subsidiary of the UK Royal Mint until 1970.)
Abdullah Malik
Abdullah Malik (10 October 1920 – 10 April 2003) was a Pakistani journalist, writer and political historian. While being an active member of communist party, he contributed to Pakistan movement as a journalist. He worked at various newspapers as a foreign correspondent such Daily Imroze and Pakistan Times of Progressive Papers Limited. He also wrote more than twenty-four books, most of which are focused on the history of Punjab and Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts.

Daily Imroze
Daily Imroze (Urdu: روزنامہ اِمروز) is an Urdu language newspaper in Pakistan published daily from Karachi.

This is one of the oldest newspapers of Pakistan that originally started publishing from Lahore in the newly independent Pakistan soon after 1947. It had distinguished people like Maqbool Jahangir, Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi, Intezar Hussain and Shafqat Tanvir Mirza among its journalists, columnists and editors from the 1950s to 1970s.
Triloki Prasad
Triloki Prasad (Nepali: त्रिलोकी प्रसाद) is a Nepalese politician. He is a member of Provincial Assembly of Madhesh Province from CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist). Prasad, a resident of Kolhabi, was elected via 2017 Nepalese provincial elections from Bara 1(A).

Madhesh Provincial Assembly
The Madhesh Provincial Assembly (Nepali/Maithili/Bhojpuri: मधेश प्रदेश सभा) is a unicameral governing and law making body of Madhesh Province, one of the seven Provinces in Nepal, The assembly is seated in the provincial capital at Janakpur in Dhanusha District. The assembly has 107 members, 64 of whom are elected through single-member constituencies and 43 of whom are elected through the party list proportional representation system. They are elected for five-year terms unless the assembly is dissolved earlier.
Volume!
Volume! The French Journal of Popular Music Studies (subtitled in French: La revue des musiques populaires) is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal, created in 2001, and "dedicated to the study of contemporary popular music".

Ethnomusicology
Ethnomusicology is the multidisciplinary study of music in its cultural context. The discipline investigates social, cognitive, biological, comparative, and other dimensions. Ethnomusicologists study music as a reflection of culture and investigate the act of music-making through various immersive, observational, and analytical approaches. This discipline emerged from comparative musicology, initially focusing on non-Western music, but later expanded to embrace the study of all different music.

The practice of ethnomusicology relies on direct engagement and performance, as well as academic work. Fieldwork takes place among those who make the music, engaging local languages and culture as well as music. Ethnomusicologists can become participant observers, learning to perform the music they are studying. Fieldworkers also collect recordings and contextual data.
Louis Thiétard
Louis Thiétard (31 May 1910 – 21 January 1998) was a French cyclist. He rode in the 1947, 1948 and 1949 Tour de France. He also finished third in the 1943 Paris–Roubaix, the 1944 Paris–Roubaix and the 1947 Paris–Roubaix.

1949 Tour de France
The 1949 Tour de France was the 36th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 30 June to 24 July. It consisted of 21 stages over 4,808 km (2,988 mi).

The Italian team had internal problems, because Gino Bartali and Fausto Coppi could both be the team leader. During the selection procedure, Coppi almost refused to start the race, but he was convinced to start. During the race, Coppi almost pulled out, because he felt he did not have full support from the team captain. In the Alps, Coppi recovered. The race was won by Coppi, with second place taken by teammate Bartali, the winner of the previous year. Coppi also won the mountains classification, while his Italian team won the team classification.
Abraham Casting out Hagar and Ishmael
Abraham Casting out Hagar and Ishmael is a 1657 oil on canvas painting by Guercino, commissioned from him by the town of Cento to present to cardinal Lorenzo Imperiali, papal legate in Ferrara. It hangs now in the Pinacoteca di Brera in Milan.

Ferrara
Ferrara (/fəˈrɑːrə/; Italian: [ferˈraːra] ⓘ; Emilian: Fràra [ˈfraːra]) is a city and comune (municipality) in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy, capital of the province of Ferrara. As of 2016, it had 132,009 inhabitants. It is situated 44 kilometres (27 miles) northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main stream of the Po River, located 5 km (3 miles) north. The town has broad streets and numerous palaces dating from the Renaissance, when it hosted the court of the House of Este. For its beauty and cultural importance, it has been designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
Murray Perahia
Murray David Perahia KBE (/pəˈraɪ.ə/ pə-RY-ə; born April 19, 1947) is an American pianist and conductor. He has been considered one of the greatest living pianists. He was the first North American pianist to win the Leeds International Piano Competition, in 1972. Known as a leading interpreter of Bach, Handel, Scarlatti, Mozart, Beethoven, and Schumann, among other composers, Perahia has won numerous awards, including three Grammy Awards from a total of 18 nominations, and 9 Gramophone Awards in addition to its first and only "Piano Award".

Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra
The Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra (Dutch: Koninklĳk Concertgebouworkest, pronounced [ˌkoːnɪŋklə kɔnˈsɛrtxəbʌu.ɔrˌkɛst]) is a Dutch symphony orchestra, established in 1888 at the Amsterdam Royal Concertgebouw (concert hall). It is considered one of the world's leading orchestras. It was known as the Concertgebouw Orchestra until Queen Beatrix conferred the "Royal" prefix upon it in celebration of its centenary in 1988; the prefix was also granted to the concert hall in 2013.
Owls' Castle
Owls' Castle (Japanese: 梟の城, Hepburn: Fukurō no Shiro) is a 1999 Japanese ninja-themed jidaigeki film directed by Masahiro Shinoda. It was co-written by Shinoda and Katsuo Naruse, and stars Kiichi Nakai. It is the second adaptation of Ryōtarō Shiba's 1959 novel Fukurō no Shiro, the first being the 1963 film Castle of Owls. Toho released the film on October 30, 1999, in Japan.

Jidaigeki
Jidaigeki (時代劇) is a genre of film, television, and theatre in Japan. Literally meaning "period dramas", it refers to stories that take place before the Meiji Restoration of 1868.

Jidaigeki show the lives of the samurai, farmers, craftsmen, and merchants of their time. Jidaigeki films are sometimes referred to as chambara movies, a word meaning "sword fight", though chambara is more accurately a subgenre of jidaigeki. Jidaigeki rely on an established set of dramatic conventions including the use of makeup, language, catchphrases, and plotlines.
Hedetniemi's conjecture
In graph theory, Hedetniemi's conjecture, formulated by Stephen T. Hedetniemi in 1966, concerns the connection between graph coloring and the tensor product of graphs. This conjecture states that

Here  denotes the chromatic number of an undirected finite graph .

The inequality χ(G × H) ≤ min {χ(G), χ(H)} is easy: if G is k-colored, one can k-color G × H by using the same coloring for each copy of G in the product; symmetrically if H is k-colored.  Thus, Hedetniemi's conjecture amounts to the assertion that tensor products cannot be colored with an unexpectedly small number of colors.

A counterexample to the conjecture was discovered by Yaroslav Shitov (2019) (see Kalai 2019), thus disproving the conjecture in general.

Discrete Mathematics (journal)
Discrete Mathematics is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal in the broad area of discrete mathematics, combinatorics, graph theory, and their applications. It was established in 1971 and is published by North-Holland Publishing Company. It publishes both short notes, full length contributions, as well as survey articles. In addition, the journal publishes a number of special issues each year dedicated to a particular topic. Although originally it published articles in French and German, it now allows only English language articles. The editor-in-chief is Douglas West (University of Illinois, Urbana).
Cutting Class
Cutting Class is a 1989 American black comedy slasher film directed by Rospo Pallenberg in his directorial debut, written by Steve Slavkin, and starring Donovan Leitch, Jill Schoelen, Brad Pitt, Roddy McDowall, and Martin Mull. It was Pitt's second major role, after The Dark Side of the Sun.

The film was released direct-to-video by Republic Pictures on December 13, 1989.

Martin Mull
Martin Eugene Mull (/ˈmʊl/, August 18, 1943 – June 27, 2024) was an American actor, musician, and painter. He became known on Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman, its spin-off Fernwood 2 Night, and America 2 Night. His other notable roles included Colonel Mustard in the 1985 film Clue, Leon Carp on Roseanne, Willard Kraft on Sabrina the Teenage Witch, Vlad Masters/Vlad Plasmius on Danny Phantom, and Gene Parmesan on Arrested Development. He had a recurring role on Two and a Half Men as Russell, a drug-using, humorous pharmacist.
Finocchiaro
Finocchiaro (pronounced [finokˈkjaːro]; meaning "producer or seller of fennel") is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrea Finocchiaro Aprile (1878–1964), Italian politician

Angela Finocchiaro (born 1955), Italian actress

Anna Finocchiaro (born 1955), Italian politician

Camillo Finocchiaro Aprile (1851–1916), Italian jurist and politician

Donatella Finocchiaro (born 1970), Italian actress

Fabio Finocchiaro (born 1939), Italian chess player

Francesco Paolo Finocchiaro (1868–1947), Sicilian painter

Giusella Finocchiaro (born 1964), Italian lawyer

Katelynn Finocchiaro (born 2008), Child prodigy

Lia Finocchiaro (born 1984), Australian politician

Maurice Finocchiaro (born 1942), American philosopher

Tim Finocchiaro (born 1979), Australian rules footballer

Vincenzo Finocchiaro (1953–2019), Italian swimmer

Tim Finocchiaro
Tim Finocchiaro (born 19 June 1979) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Geelong in the Australian Football League (AFL).

Finocchiaro won the Larke Medal in 1997, for his performances with Vic Metro. He played in the TAC Cup for Eastern Ranges, from where he was selected at pick 61 in the 1997 National Draft, but he was originally from Warrandyte. In 1998 he appeared in six of the opening eight rounds, but then fell ill with glandular fever. He played just four more games for Geelong, all in 1999.
Joseph Frisby
Joseph Brankin Frisby (26 February 1908 – 2 November 1977) was an English cricketer active in 1938 who played for Leicestershire. He was born in Carlton Curlieu and died in Leicester. He appeared in one first-class match as a right-handed batsman who kept wicket. He scored four runs and took three catches.

He was educated at Harrow School.

Carlton Curlieu
Carlton Curlieu is a small village and civil parish in the Harborough district of Leicestershire, about eleven miles south-east of Leicester city centre, and not far from Kibworth.

The village's name means 'farm/settlement of the free peasants'. In 1253, the village was held by William de Curley.