hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Median follow-up
In statistics, median follow-up is the median time between a specified event and the time when data on outcomes are gathered.  The concept is used in cancer survival analyses.

Many cancer studies aim to assess the time between two events of interest, such as from treatment to remission, treatment to relapse, or diagnosis to death. This duration is generically called survival time, even if the end point is not death.

Time-to-event studies must have sufficiently long follow-up durations to capture enough events to reveal meaningful patterns in the data. A short follow-up duration is appropriate for studying very severe cancers with poor prognoses, whereas a long follow-up duration is better suited to studying less-severe disease, or participants with good prognoses.

Median follow-up time is included in about half the survival analyses published in cancer journals, but of those, only 31% specify the method used to compute it.

Median
The median of a set of numbers is the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution. For a data set, it may be thought of as the “middle" value. The basic feature of the median in describing data compared to the mean (often simply described as the "average") is that it is not skewed by a small proportion of extreme values, and therefore provides a better representation of the center. Median income, for example, may be a better way to describe the center of the income distribution because increases in the largest incomes alone have no effect on the median. For this reason, the median is of central importance in robust statistics.
Median is a 2-quantile; it is the value that partitions a set into two equal parts.
Graciela de Holman
Graciela "Chela" de Holman (1930/1931 – 19 March 2021) was a Salvadoran businesswoman and restaurateur. She co-founded the International Gastronomic Festival of El Salvador to promote Salvadoran cuisine at a gourmet standard.

Salvadorans
Salvadorans (Spanish: Salvadoreños), also known as Salvadorians or Salvadoreans, are citizens of El Salvador, a country in Central America. Most Salvadorans live in El Salvador, although there is also a significant Salvadoran diaspora, particularly in the United States, with smaller communities in other countries around the world.

El Salvador's population was 6,218,000 in 2010, compared to 2,200,000 in 1950. In 2010, the percentage of the population below the age of 15 was 32.1%, 61% were between 15 and 65 years of age, while 6.9% were 65 years or older.
Paul-Marie Pons
Paul-Marie Pons (24 June 1904 – 24 October 1966) was a French naval engineer who became a senior civil servant. He is remembered for the Pons Plan which restructured the French automotive industry in the second half of the 1940s.

Berliet
Berliet was a French manufacturer of automobiles, buses, trucks and military vehicles among other vehicles based in Vénissieux, outside of Lyon, France. Founded in 1899, and apart from a five-year period from 1944 to 1949 when it was put into 'administration sequestre' it was in private ownership until 1967 when it then became part of Citroën, and subsequently acquired by Renault in 1974 and merged with Saviem into a new Renault Trucks company in 1978. The Berliet marque was phased out by 1980.
Lake Desire
Lake Desire, also called Echo Lake, is an unimproved watershed 5 miles (8.0 km) southeast of Renton, Washington in the United States.  It is a small part of the Maple Heights-Lake Desire, Washington area, 45 minutes east of downtown Seattle.  According to King County, it has productive water quality, a maximum depth of 21 feet (6.4 m) and a surface area of approximately 80 acres. A public boat launch and fishing dock is located to the north of the lake but does require a vehicle use permit from the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. On the southeast border of the lake, a 382-acre (1.55 km2) forested park and wetland area has been allocated by the Washington Wildlife and Recreation Program (WWRP).

King County, Washington
King County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. The population was 2,269,675 in the 2020 census, making it the most populous county in Washington, and the 12th-most populous in the United States. The county seat is Seattle, also the state's most populous city.

Originally named after US representative, senator, and then vice president-elect William R. King in 1852, the county government amended its designation in 1986 to honor Martin Luther King Jr., a prominent activist and leader during the civil rights movement. The change was approved by the state government in 2005.

It is one of three Washington counties that are included in the Seattle metropolitan area along with Snohomish County to the north and Pierce County to the south. About two-thirds of King County's population lives in Seattle's suburbs, which largely developed in the late 20th century and early 21st century as bedroom communities before becoming job centers for the technology industry.
1991 outdoor NHL game in Las Vegas
The 1991 outdoor National Hockey League (NHL) game in Las Vegas was an exhibition pre-season game between the New York Rangers and the Los Angeles Kings that took place on September 27, 1991, on an outside rink built over the parking lot of the Caesars Palace hotel and casino. This was the first official outdoor NHL game, and was part of the pre-season schedule for the 1991–92 NHL season for both teams.

1991–92 NHL season
The 1991–92 NHL season was the 75th regular season of the National Hockey League. The league expanded to 22 teams with the addition of the expansion San Jose Sharks. A ten-day players' strike was called in April, delaying the final weeks of the regular season and the playoffs, and pushing the Stanley Cup Finals into June for the first time. The Pittsburgh Penguins repeated as Stanley Cup champions, winning the best of seven series four games to none against the Chicago Blackhawks.
Madla IL
Madla Idrettslag is a Norwegian association football club from Hafrsfjord, Stavanger.

The club was founded on 9 March 1939. It was originally a multi-sports club, but every sport except for football became diminished.

The men's football team plays in the Third Division, the fourth tier of Norwegian football. During the 1990s and 2000s, the club mostly played below the fourth tier, with exceptions in 1992, 1998, 2004 and 2012. Every time, the club was relegated straight away. However, the team later managed a significantly longer spell between 2015 and 2021, winning their group in the 2022 Norwegian Division and returning to the Third Division from 2023.

The women's football team plays in the Fourth Division.

Madla IL is also known as the club where Erik Thorstvedt, Norway international goalkeeper and Premier League player, started his career.

Erik Thorstvedt
Erik Thorstvedt (born 28 October 1962) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He won 97 caps for the Norway national team, and was the starter in goal at the 1994 FIFA World Cup. He played for Viking, Eik-Tønsberg, Borussia Mönchengladbach, IFK Göteborg and Tottenham Hotspur.
Early March 2025 North American blizzard
A large-scale extratropical cyclone brought blizzard conditions across the Upper Midwest starting March 4, 2025, causing widespread gusty winds and several tornadoes. Developing on March 2, the system developed as a Colorado low and rapidly strengthened on March 4. Very gusty winds were prevalent due to the immense size and strength of the system as a result.

Over 400,000 power outages were reported to have been inflicted by the storm in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, and at least six people were killed, three in Nebraska and three in Mississippi. The storm was the first major weather event to hit the United States since the mass layoff of federal employees at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Colorado low
A Colorado low is a low-pressure area that forms in southeastern Colorado or northeastern New Mexico, typically in the winter. After forming, the system moves across the Great Plains. Colorado lows can produce heavy wintry precipitation, and have a general east to northeast movement, impacting regions as far north as Winnipeg and as far east as the Atlantic coast. If upper-level conditions are right, the jet stream can push the low farther south, bringing wintry precipitation as far as Texas. When pushed this far south, the system is often referred to as a "blue norther". On the more typical track, a Colorado low can be similar to an Alberta clipper. In the winter Colorado lows are responsible for a majority of the snow that the Midwest receives; however, summer systems can trigger long-lasting convective systems, including severe weather. Spring and early summer Colorado low cyclogenesis can result in significant tornado outbreaks over the Great Plains and Midwest.
Fraxinus insularis
Fraxinus insularis, the Chinese flowering ash or island ash, is a species of flowering plant in the family Oleaceae, native to central and southeastern China, Hainan, Taiwan, the Ryukyu Islands, and Yakushima, Japan. Its leaves produce a number of secoiridoid glucosides.

Oleaceae
Oleaceae (/ˌoʊliˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), also known as the olive family or sometimes the lilac family, is a taxonomic family of flowering shrubs, trees, and a few lianas in the order Lamiales. It presently comprises 28 genera, one of which is recently extinct. The extant genera include Cartrema, which was resurrected in 2012. The number of species in the Oleaceae is variously estimated in a wide range around 700. The flowers are often numerous and highly odoriferous. The family has a subcosmopolitan distribution, ranging from the subarctic to the southernmost parts of Africa, Australia, and South America. Notable members include olive, ash, jasmine, and several popular ornamental plants including privet, forsythia, fringetrees, and lilac.
Tickle Cock Bridge
Tickle Cock Bridge is a pedestrian underpass in Castleford, England, under a railway line originally built by the York and North Midland Railway between York and Normanton. Built in 1890, the thoroughfare now connects the town's main residential area with the Carlton Lanes Shopping Centre, and is used by 50,000 pedestrians each week. The original Victorian structure, described by the shopping centre's manager as "small, narrow, very low and gloomy" and "frightening to walk through", was replaced in 2008 as part of an urban regeneration scheme.

The replacement bridge was initially renamed Tittle Cott. After a protest organised by a local over-50s group, Wakefield Council reversed its decision and a plaque bearing the original name, Tickle Cock, was installed.

Urban renewal
Urban renewal, also known as urban regeneration or urban redevelopment, is a set of government or private initiatives aimed at addressing urban decay, upgrading infrastructure, and revitalizing city neighborhoods. Typically, urban renewal involves clearing "blighted" areas, followed by new construction for housing, businesses, and public spaces. While such projects can modernize cities and stimulate economic growth, they are controversial due to frequent displacement of low-income and minority communities, a process known as gentrification.
Metro Tunneling Group
Metro Tunneling Group or MTG (formerly IMCC-JV) is a Joint Venture (JV) of 5 companies currently working as the main contractor for the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC).
The 5 companies are DYWIDAG Systems from Germany, Larsen & Toubro from India, Samsung Corporation from South Korea, Ircon International from India, and Shimizu Corporation from Japan. DMRC is the joint venture of Government of India and Government of Delhi.

On 19 December 2006, the international joint venture - Metro Tunneling Group received the Letter of Acceptance from Delhi Metro Rail Corporation for the Contract BC18.
The scope of work for the new contract includes the design and civil works for a 3.1 km long metro twin tunnel and two underground metro stations. Within the construction period of 36 month the tunnel will be built by Shield TBM whereas the stations will be constructed using the cut and cover method.

Shimizu Corporation
Shimizu Corporation (清水建設株式会社, Shimizu Kensetsu kabushiki gaisha) is an architectural, civil engineering and general contracting firm. It has annual sales of approximately US$15 billion and has been widely recognized as one of the top 5 contractors in Japan and among the top 20 in the world.

It is a family business listed in the Tokyo and Osaka stock exchanges and a constituent of the Nikkei 225 index.
Christmas Is the Man from Galilee
Christmas Is the Man from Galilee is a studio album by American Christian and country singer Cristy Lane. It was released in November 1983 via Liberty and LS Records and contained 21 tracks. It was Lane's first album release to comprise entirely of Christmas music. Due to her recent success with Christian audiences, the album contained mostly holiday inspirational favorites.

Christian music
Christian music is a genre of music that has been written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life and faith. Common themes of Christian music include praise, worship, penitence, and lament, and its forms vary widely around the world. Church music, hymnals, gospel, and worship music are a part of Christian media and also include contemporary Christian music which itself supports numerous Christian styles of music, including hip hop, rock, contemporary worship, and urban contemporary gospel.

Like other forms of music the creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of Christian music varies according to culture and social context. Christian music can serve various functions, such as ceremonial, educational, aesthetical, or for entertainment purposes.
Puerto Ricans in Philadelphia
Philadelphia has the second largest Puerto Rican community outside of Puerto Rico after New York City. As of the 2010 U.S. census, an estimated 121,643 Puerto Ricans were living in Philadelphia, up from 91,527 in 2000. Recent 2017 estimates by the U.S. Census Bureau put the number of Puerto Ricans living in Philadelphia at 134,934. In 2019, estimates put the number of Puerto Ricans at 146,153. Many Puerto Ricans in the Philadelphia area have engaged in circular migration in which they spend periods of time living in Philadelphia and periods of time living in Puerto Rico.

Circular migration
Circular migration or repeat migration is the temporary and usually repetitive movement of a migrant worker between home and host areas, typically for the purpose of employment. It represents an established pattern of population mobility, whether cross-country or rural-urban. There are several benefits associated with this migration pattern, including gains in financial capital, human capital, and social capital. There are also costs associated with circular migration, such as brain drain, poor working conditions, forced labor, and the inability to transfer acquired skills to home economies. Socially, there are strong connections to gender, health outcomes, development, poverty, and global immigration policy.
Black Grape Global
Black Grape Global is a London-based artist and entertainment management company. Black Grape's founder attended Kingston University and organised events there, and for other universities in the United Kingdom.

Guvna B
Isaac Charles Bortey Borquaye (born 13 June 1989), better known as Guvna B, is a rapper, author, and broadcaster from  Custom House, London. He has released 10 albums, written two books, produced segments for the BBC, and served as a football pundit for Sky Sports News' Good Morning Transfers. He has also made appearances on television and in schools to discuss topics that affect young people from underprivileged communities.
Clifford Perry
Sir Alan Clifford Perry (10 July 1907 – 1 May 1983) was a New Zealand lawyer and judge. He served as a judge of the Supreme Court (now known as the High Court) from 1962 to 1979. However, he is perhaps best remembered for taking the case of Lee v Lee's Air Farming Ltd to the Privy Council in 1960, and successfully arguing for the unanimous decision of the Court of Appeal to be overturned.

Court of Appeal of New Zealand
The Court of Appeal of New Zealand (Māori: Te Kōti Pīra o Aotearoa) is the principal intermediate appellate court of New Zealand. It is also the final appellate court for a number of matters. In practice, most appeals are resolved at this intermediate appellate level, rather than in the Supreme Court. The Court of Appeal has existed as a separate court since 1862 but, until 1957, it was composed of judges of the High Court sitting periodically in panels. In 1957 the Court of Appeal was reconstituted as a permanent court separate from the High Court. It is located in Wellington.
Zhang Mo (actor)
Zhang Mo (Chinese: 张默; born 28 July 1982) is a Chinese actor.

Zhang is noted for his roles as Liuzi in the film Let the Bullets Fly (2011).

Zhang has won the Best New Actor Award at the Golden TVS Annual Award and Chinese Young Generation Film Forum, Outstanding Supporting Actor Award at the China Image Film Festival, and New Performer Award at the Golden Phoenix Award, and received BQ Celebrity Score Award and Chinese Film Media Award nominations for Favorite Actor.

Deng Jie
Deng Jie (simplified Chinese: 邓婕; traditional Chinese: 鄧婕, born October 21, 1958) is a Chinese actress and producer. Deng was born in Chengdu and attended the Qiujing High School in Chongqing. In 1973, she trained at the Sichuan Opera School.

She portrayed Wang Xifeng in TV series Dream of the Red Chamber and became well known in mainland China. Her husband is Zhang Guoli, a noted Chinese actor and director.
2012 Africa Cup of Nations Group D
Group D of the 2012 Africa Cup of Nations ran from 24 January until 1 February. It consisted of Botswana, Ghana, Guinea and Mali. The matches were held in Gabon. Ghana and Mali progressed to the quarterfinals.

Gabonese Football Federation
The Gabonese Football Federation (French: Fédération Gabonaise de Football, FEGAFOOT) is the governing body of football in Gabon. It was founded in 1962 and affiliated to FIFA in 1966 and the Confederation of African Football in 1968.

It organises the national football league, as well as the men's and women's national teams.
MMXX (album)
MMXX (pronounced "2020") is the second and final studio album by American supergroup Sons of Apollo, released on January 17, 2020 via Inside Out Music. It is available as a standard CD package, limited edition 2 CD package with instrumental and a cappella versions, 2 LP + CD package, and digital download.

Inside Out Music
InsideOutMusic is a progressive rock record label originally based in Kleve, North Rhine-Westphalia, dedicated to releasing progressive rock, progressive metal and related styles. In 2009, it formed a partnership with Century Media Records and moved its base of operations to Dortmund, also in North Rhine-Westphalia. In August 2016, Century Media and InsideOutMusic were acquired by Sony Music Entertainment and moved their operations to Berlin.
Marmara auratella
Marmara auratella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from the United States (Ohio and Maine).

The larvae feed on Dahlia species and Rudbeckia laciniata. They mine the stem of their host plant. The mine has the form of a long serpentine mine on the stem.

Dahlia
Dahlia (UK: /ˈdeɪliə/ DAY-lee-ə, US: /ˈdæljə, ˈdɑːljə, ˈdeɪljə/ DA(H)L-yə, DAYL-yə) is a genus of bushy, tuberous, herbaceous perennial plants native to Mexico and Central America. Dahlias are members of the Asteraceae (synonym name: Compositae) family of dicotyledonous plants, its relatives include the sunflower, daisy, chrysanthemum, and zinnia. There are 49 species of dahlia, with flowers in almost every hue (except blue), with hybrids commonly grown as garden plants.

Dahlias were known only to the Aztecs and other southern North American peoples until the Spanish conquest, after which the plants were brought to Europe. The tubers of some varieties are of medicinal and dietary value to humans because, in common with species of Inula and many other flowering plants, they use inulin, a polymer of the fruit sugar fructose, instead of starch as a storage polysaccharide.
Skin and skin structure infection
Skin and skin structure infections (SSSIs), also referred to as skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), or, in the case of acute ones of bacterial cause, acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs), are infections of skin and associated soft tissues (such as loose connective tissue and mucous membranes). Historically, the pathogen involved has most frequently been a bacterial species. The newer term ABSSSIs was coined to focus on this main subset specifically, which usually requires treatment by antibiotics.

Mucous membrane
A mucous membrane or mucosa is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body of an organism and covers the surface of internal organs. It consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells overlying a layer of loose connective tissue known as the lamina propria. It is mostly of endodermal origin and is continuous with the skin at body openings such as the eyes, eyelids, ears, inside the nose, inside the mouth, lips, the genital areas, the urethral opening and the anus. Some mucous membranes secrete mucus, a thick protective fluid. The function of the membrane is to stop pathogens and dirt from entering the body and to prevent bodily tissues from becoming dehydrated.

Amphibians, fish, snails, slugs, and some other invertebrates also produce external mucus from their epidermis as protection against pathogens, to help in movement, and to line fish gills. Plants produce a similar substance called mucilage that is also produced by some microorganisms.
Pogar, Russia
Pogar (Russian: Погар or Погарь) is the name of several inhabited localities in Bryansk Oblast, Russia.

Urban localities

Pogar (urban-type settlement), a work settlement in Pogarsky District

Rural localities

Pogar (rural locality), a village in Nadvinsky Selsoviet of Kletnyansky District

Bryansk Oblast
Bryansk Oblast (Russian: Бря́нская о́бласть, romanized: Bryanskaya oblastʹ), also known as Bryanshchina (Брянщина, IPA: [ˈbrʲænʲɕːɪnə]), is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Bryansk. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 1,169,161.
The Philosopher's Stone (novel)
The Philosopher's Stone is a 1969 horror novel by the English writer Colin Wilson. It tells the story of two researchers who find a way to reach a higher state of consciousness, which leads to frightening revelations about humanity's distant history. Like Wilson's 1967 novel The Mind Parasites, The Philosopher's Stone uses motifs from H. P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos.

Cthulhu Mythos
The Cthulhu Mythos is a mythopoeia and a shared universe, originating in the works of American horror writer H. P. Lovecraft. The term was coined by August Derleth, a contemporary correspondent and protégé of Lovecraft, to describe the settings, tropes, and lore employed by Lovecraft and his literary successors. The name "Cthulhu" derives from the central creature in Lovecraft's seminal short story "The Call of Cthulhu", first published in the pulp magazine Weird Tales in 1928.

Richard L. Tierney, a writer who also wrote Mythos tales, later applied the term "Derleth Mythos" to distinguish Lovecraft's works from Derleth's later stories, which modify key tenets of the Mythos. Authors of Lovecraftian horror in particular frequently use elements of the Cthulhu Mythos.: viii–ix