hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bhanghar
Bhanghar is a small village in Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra state in Western India. The 2011 Census of India recorded a total of 270 residents in the village. Bhanghar's geographical area is 428 hectares (1,060 acres).

Ratnagiri district
Ratnagiri district (Marathi pronunciation: [ɾət̪n̪aːɡiɾiː]) is a district in the state of Maharashtra, India. The administrative headquarter of the district is located in the town of Ratnagiri. The district is 11.34% urban. The district is bounded by the Arabian Sea to the west, Sindhudurg district to the south, Raigad district to the north and Satara, Sangli and Kolhapur districts to the east. This district is part of Konkan division.
Tracy Krumm
Tracy Krumm (born 1963) is an American textile artist, craft educator, and curator based in St. Paul, Minnesota. Krumm's work combines metalworking and crochet; crafting items such as curtains and clothing out of metals and wire.

Textile arts
Textile arts are arts and crafts that use plant, animal, or synthetic fibers to construct practical or decorative objects.

Textiles have been a fundamental part of human life since the beginning of civilization. The methods and materials used to make them have expanded enormously, while the functions of textiles have remained the same, there are many functions for textiles. Whether it be clothing or something decorative for the house/shelter. The history of textile arts is also the history of international trade.  Tyrian purple dye was an important trade good in the ancient Mediterranean. The Silk Road brought Chinese silk to India, Africa, and Europe, and, conversely, Sogdian silk to China. Tastes for imported luxury fabrics led to sumptuary laws during the Middle Ages and Renaissance.  The Industrial Revolution was shaped largely by innovation in textiles technology: the cotton gin, the spinning jenny, and the power loom mechanized production and led to the Luddite rebellion.
CommonLoops
CommonLoops (the Common Lisp Object-Oriented Programming System; an acronym reminiscent of the earlier Lisp OO system "Loops" for the Interlisp-D system) is an early programming language which extended Common Lisp to include Object-oriented programming functionality and is a dynamic object system which differs from the OOP facilities found in static languages such as C++ or Java. Like New Flavors, CommonLoops supported multiple inheritance, generic functions and method combination. CommonLoops also supported multi-methods and made use of metaobjects. CommonLoops and New Flavors were the primary ancestors of  CLOS. 
CommonLoops was supported by a portable implementation known as Portable CommonLoops (PCL) which ran on all Common Lisp implementations of the day.

Dynamic programming language
A dynamic programming language is a type of programming language that allows various operations to be determined and executed at runtime. This is different from the compilation phase. Key decisions about variables, method calls, or data types are made when the program is running, unlike in static languages, where the structure and types are fixed during compilation. Dynamic languages provide flexibility. This allows developers to write more adaptable and concise code.

For instance, in a dynamic language, a variable can start as an integer. It can later be reassigned to hold a string without explicit type declarations. This feature of dynamic typing enables more fluid and less restrictive coding. Developers can focus on the logic and functionality rather than the constraints of the language.
Cleopatra (miniseries)
Cleopatra is a 1999 miniseries adaptation of Margaret George's 1997 historical fiction novel The Memoirs of Cleopatra. Produced by Hallmark Entertainment, it stars Leonor Varela as the Egyptian queen Cleopatra, Timothy Dalton as Julius Caesar, Billy Zane as Mark Antony, Rupert Graves as Octavius, Sean Pertwee as Brutus and Bruce Payne as Cassius. Cleopatra was first broadcast on ABC television network in two parts on two consecutive evenings in May 1999 and then released on videotape and DVD in 2001. Judy Farr, Martin Hitchcock and Frank Walsh were nominated for an Emmy in 1999 for outstanding art direction for a miniseries or a movie for their work on Cleopatra.

Rupert Graves
Rupert Graves is an English film, television, and theatre actor. He is known for his roles in A Room with a View, Maurice, The Madness of King George, and The Forsyte Saga. From 2010 to 2017 he starred as DI Lestrade in the BBC television series Sherlock.
Korea Skating Union
The Korea Skating Union (Korean: 대한빙상경기연맹; RR: Daehan Bingsang Gyeonggi Yeonmaeng) is the national governing body for the sports of figure skating, speed skating and short-track speed skating in South Korea, recognised by the International Skating Union and the Korean Sport & Olympic Committee.

Short-track speed skating
Short-track speed skating is a form of competitive ice speed skating. In competitions, multiple skaters (typically between four and six) skate on an oval ice track with a length of 111.12 metres (364.57 ft). The rink itself is 60 metres (196.85 ft) long by 30 metres (98.43 ft) wide, which is the same size as an Olympic-sized figure skating rink and an international-sized ice hockey rink. Related sports include long-track speed skating and inline speed skating.
Luigi Valenti Gonzaga
Luigi Valenti Gonzaga  (15 October 1725 – 29 December 1808) was a cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was elected to the Roman Curia and the Papal diplomacy, and was also nuntius of Switzerland and Spain.

Valenti Gonzaga was born at Roveredo, in what is now the province of Mantua. He was made cardinal in pectore in April 1776 by Pope Pius VI, published in May 1776. He was made Cardinal-Priest of Sant'Agnese fuori le mura in 1778.

He took part in the 1799–1800 Conclave as chosen by Pope Pius VII.

He was State Secretary in 1740 and was later prefect for the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples from 1747.

He was the nephew of Cardinal Silvio Valenti Gonzaga (created 1738) and also related to Cesare Guerrieri Gonzaga (created 1738). He died at Viterbo. He commissioned the architect Camillo Morigia to design a monument to cover the tomb of Dante Alighieri in Ravenna, completed in 1781.

Pope Pius VI
Pope Pius VI (Italian: Pio VI; born Count Angelo Onofrio Melchiorre Natale Giovanni Antonio called Giovanni Angelo or Giannangelo Braschi, 25 December 1717 – 29 August 1799) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 15 February 1775 to his death in August 1799.

Pius VI condemned the French Revolution and the suppression of the Catholic Church in France that resulted from it. French troops commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte defeated the Papal army and occupied the Papal States in 1796. In 1798, upon his refusal to renounce his temporal power, Pius was taken prisoner and transported to France. He died eighteen months later in Valence. His reign of more than twenty-four years is the fifth-longest in papal history. He was also the longest-ruling pope of the Papal States.
Spider orchid
Spider orchid typically refers to the orchid genus Caladenia as a whole.

It may also mean one of the following:

Several Corybas species, including
Corybas macranthus
Corybas trilobus

Dendrobium tetragonum (Common spider orchid, Tree spider orchid)

Bartholina burmanniana

Several Ophrys species, including 
Ophrys fuciflora (Late spider orchid)
Ophrys sphegodes (Early spider orchid)

Members of the genus Brassia

Caladenia
Caladenia, commonly known as spider orchids, is a genus of 350 species of plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Spider orchids are terrestrial herbs with a single hairy leaf and a hairy stem. The labellum is fringed or toothed in most species and there are small projections called calli on the labellum. The flowers have adaptations to attract particular species of insects for pollination. The genus is divided into three groups on the basis of flower shape, broadly, spider orchids, zebra orchids and cowslip orchids, although other common names are often used. Although they occur in other countries, most are Australian and 136 species occur in Western Australia, making it the most species-rich orchid genus in that state.
Hugh Rose, 16th of Kilravock
Hugh Rose, 16th Baron of Kilravock (1684-1755) was a Member of Parliament for Ross-shire and Chief of Clan Rose. The eldest son of Hugh Rose, 15th of Kilravock, he inherited his father's estates and the Clan Chiefdom on his father's death in 1732.

Rose baronets
There have been four baronetcies created for persons with the surname Rose, all in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. As of 2026, three of the creations are extant.

Rose baronets of Montreal (1872)

Rose baronets of Rayners (1874)

Rose baronets of Hardwick House (1909)

Rose baronets of Leith (1935)
4-Amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine
4-Amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidine is an organic compound with the formula H2NCH(CH2CMe2)2NH (where Me = CH3).  Classified as a diamine, it is a colorless oily liquid.

The compound is an intermediate in the preparation of Bobbitt's salt, an oxidant used in organic synthesis.  It is prepared by the reductive amination of the corresponding ketone:

OC(CH2CMe2)2NH  +  NH3  +  H2  →   H2NCH(CH2CMe2)2NH  +   H2O

Synthesis (journal)
Synthesis is a scientific journal published from 1969 to the present day by Thieme. Its stated purpose is the "advancement of the science of synthetic chemistry".

From August 2006, selected articles are offered free of charge. The impact factor of this journal is 2.867 (2018).
HMS Colossus
Six ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Colossus:

HMS Colossus (1787) was a 74-gun Courageux-class third rate ship of the line launched in 1787 and wrecked in 1798.

HMS Colossus (1803) was a 74-gun third rate ship of the line launched in 1803.  She fought at Trafalgar and was broken up in 1826.

HMS Colossus (1848) was an 80-gun second rate ship of the line launched in 1848. She was converted to screw propulsion in 1854 and sold in 1867.

HMS Colossus (1882) was a Colossus-class battleship launched in 1882 and sold in 1908.

HMS Colossus (1910) was a Colossus-class dreadnought battleship launched in 1910. She fought at the Battle of Jutland and was scrapped in 1928.

HMS Colossus (R15) was a Colossus-class light aircraft carrier launched in 1943. She was loaned to France in 1946 and renamed Arromanches. She was bought by France in 1951 and was scrapped in 1978.

Courageux-class ship of the line
The Courageux-class ships of the line were a class of six 74-gun third rates of the Royal Navy. Their design was a direct copy of the French ship Courageux, captured in 1761 by HMS Bellona. This class of ship is sometimes referred to as the Leviathan class. A further two ships of the class were built to a slightly lengthened version of the Courageux draught. A final two ships were ordered to a third modification of the draught.
Saint-Julien-le-Pauvre
Saint-Julien-le-Pauvre, in full Église Saint-Julien-le-Pauvre (French for Church of Saint Julian the Poor), is a Melkite Greek Catholic parish church in Paris, France, and one of the city's oldest religious buildings. Begun in Romanesque style during the 12th century, most of its architecture is Primary Gothic. It is in the 5th arrondissement, on the left bank of the Seine River, about 500 meters away from the Musée de Cluny and not far from the Maubert-Mutualité Paris Métro station. It shares a city block with the Square René Viviani.

Originally a Latin Catholic place of worship, Saint-Julien-le-Pauvre was built in stages from the 12th to the 19th centuries, and was granted to the Eastern Catholic Melkite community in 1889. The 12th-century design for the building was revised several times during the construction process, and the church is significantly smaller in size than originally planned.

Julian of Le Mans
Saint Julian of Le Mans (French: Saint Julien du Mans; Latin: Iulianus; 3rd century; perhaps 4th century) is a saint venerated in both the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Church, honoured as the first bishop of Le Mans. His feast day is 27 January.  The translation of his relics is celebrated on 25 July.
Selda Alkor
Selda Alkor (born January 3, 1943) is a Turkish actress, beauty pageant titleholder, painter, and singer of Circassian and Georgian descent. She received a Golden Orange in 2002. Her acting skills and European features made her one of the most in-demand Turkish actresses in the early 1970s. With marked Circassian characteristics, Alkor was famous for her tall height, natural blonde hair, fair skin, and light green eyes. Due to her portrayal of Sümbül Karadağ on the primetime ATV series Asmalı Konak, she was nicknamed "Hanım Ağa", old Turkish for matriarch. Alkor served as presidents of various foundations, including TÜRKSAV and SODER.

Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival
The Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival (Turkish: Antalya Altın Portakal Film Festivali), known for a few years from 2015 as Antalya International Film Festival, is a film festival, held annually since 1963 in Antalya, and is the second most important film festival in Turkey. Since 2009, the event, which takes place in the autumn months at the Antalya Cultural Center (Antalya Kültür Merkezi, AKM), has been organised solely by the Antalya Foundation for Culture and Arts (Antalya Kültür Sanat Vakfı, AKSAV) and has included an international section within the main body of the festival.
Nottawa, Texas
Nottawa is a ghost town in northeastern Wharton County, in the U.S. state of Texas. The former community was situated in a rice-growing area midway between East Bernard and Lissie at the junction of U.S. Route 90 Alternate (US 90A) and Farm to Market Road 1164 (FM 1164). There was a gas compressor station on the site in 2016.

Lissie, Texas
Lissie is an unincorporated community in Wharton County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had an estimated population of 70 in 2000. It is located within the Greater Houston metropolitan area.
Ischyrhiza
Ischyrhiza is an extinct genus of sclerorhynchoid ray from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Maastrichtian).

It had a large, toothed rostrum closely resembling that of a modern-day sawfish. Despite formerly being classified within a family of extinct sawfish-like rays known as Sclerorhynchidae, phylogenetic analyses indicate that Ischyrhiza, Schizorhiza, and Onchopristis form a distinct clade that groups closer with the extant family Rajidae, which contains the true skates, possibly rendering the suborder Sclerorhynchoidei paraphyletic.

Fossils of the genus have been found in Canada, the United States, the Aguja Formation of Mexico, the Bissekty Formation of Uzbekistan, the Tamayama Formation of Japan, the Dukamaje Formation of Niger, the El Molino Formation of Bolivia, the Quiriquina Formation of Chile, and the Chota Formation of Peru.

Tamayama Formation
The Tamayama Formation is a Coniacian-Santonian geologic formation in Japan. Dinosaur remains not referrable to the genus level are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation. The lower and middle part of the formation consists of braided river sandstone, while the upper portion consists of upper shoreface to inner shelf sandstone. Vertebrate taxa from the formation include Futabasaurus and Cretalamna, along with titanosauriform teeth and neosuchian remains. Seeds of the nymphaeales plant Symphaenale futabensis are also known from this formation.
Rajasthan Film Festival
The Rajasthan Film Festival Award ceremony (also known as the RFF Awards) is a set of awards presented annually to honour both artistic and technical excellence of artistes in Rajasthani cinema  as well as in other Regional Cinema of India. 12th Edition of Rajasthan film festival award ceremony was held on 28th September, 2024 at Deep Smriti Auditorium, Jaipur. Arbaaz Khan and Smita Bansal hosted the award ceremony. The theme for the festival was Unity in diversity and 24 awards were awarded in 2 broad categories: for films produced in Rajasthan and for films produced in other regions of India (except Rajasthan). In order to honour people who have been dedicated to the industry, a Lifetime Achievement Award is also presented at the ceremony.

Unity in diversity
Unity in diversity is used as an expression of harmony and unity between dissimilar individuals or groups. It is a concept of "unity without uniformity and diversity without fragmentation" that shifts focus from unity based on a mere tolerance of physical, cultural, linguistic, social, religious, political, ideological and/or psychological differences towards a more complex unity based on an understanding that difference enriches human interactions. The idea and related phrase is very old and dates back to ancient times in both Western and Eastern Old World cultures.  It has applications in many fields, including ecology, cosmology, philosophy, religion and politics.
Luca Betti
Luca Betti (born 22 February 1978) is an Italian former rally driver who competed in the World Rally Championship between 2000 and 2013. He began rallying in the WRC at the 2000 Rally GB and has entered various rallies since, particularly in the Junior World Rally Championship. He has also competed in the European Rally Championship finishing runner-up in 2011 and in the 3rd place in 2012. He is the founder of Kimera Automobil which built the EVO37, a tribute to the Lancia Rally 037.

Lancia Rally 037
The Lancia Rally (Tipo 151, also known as the Lancia Rally 037, Lancia 037 or Lancia-Abarth #037 from its Abarth project code SE037) was a mid-engine sports car and rally car built by Lancia in the early 1980s to compete in the FIA Group B World Rally Championship. Driven by Markku Alén, Attilio Bettega, and Walter Röhrl, the car won Lancia the manufacturers' world championship in the 1983 season. It was the last rear-wheel drive car to win the WRC.
LEROS
LEROS is a family of chemical rocket engines manufactured by Nammo at Westcott, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom. LEROS engines have been used as primary apogee engines for telecommunications satellites such as the Lockheed Martin A2100 as well as deep space missions such as Juno. The LEROS engines are made of niobium alloy, which is traditionally used for liquid rocket engines such as the attitude control thrusters of the Apollo Lunar Module.

Liquid-propellant rocket
Liquid rocket fuel.

Oxidizer.

Pumps carry the fuel and oxidizer.

The combustion chamber mixes and burns the two liquids.

Combustion product gasses enter the nozzle through a throat.

Exhaust exits the rocket.

A liquid-propellant rocket or liquid rocket uses a rocket engine burning liquid propellants. (Alternate approaches use gaseous or solid propellants.) Liquids are desirable propellants because they have reasonably high density and their combustion products have high specific impulse (Isp). This allows the volume of the propellant tanks to be relatively low.
2nd APAN Star Awards
The 2nd APAN Star Awards (Korean: 제2회 에이판 스타 어워즈) was held on November 16, 2013 at the Hall of Jeongsimhwa International Cultural Center, Chungnam National University in Daejeon, hosted by T-ara's Park So-yeon and Lee Hwi-jae. First held in 2012, the annual awards ceremony recognizes the excellence in South Korea's television. The nominees were chosen from 75 Korean dramas that aired from November 1, 2012 to September 30, 2013.

The highest honor of the ceremony, Grand Prize (Daesang), was awarded to the actress Song Hye-kyo of the drama series That Winter, the Wind Blows.

Song Hye-kyo
Song Hye-kyo (Korean: 송혜교; born November 22, 1981) is a South Korean actress. She gained international fame through her leading roles in the television dramas Autumn in My Heart (2000), All In (2003), Full House (2004), That Winter, the Wind Blows (2013), Descendants of the Sun (2016), Encounter (2018–2019), and The Glory (2022–2023). Her film work includes Hwang Jin Yi (2007), The Grandmaster (2013), My Brilliant Life (2014), and Dark Nuns (2025).

In 2017, Song ranked 7th in Forbes magazine's Korea Power Celebrity 40 list, and 6th in 2018. She is referred to as one of "The Troika", along with Kim Tae-hee and Jun Ji-hyun, collectively known by the acronym "Tae-Hye-Ji". The success of Song's television dramas internationally established her as a top hallyu star.
Dimovo Municipality
Dimovo Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Димово) is a municipality (obshtina) in Vidin Province, Northwestern Bulgaria, located along the right bank of Danube river in the Danubian Plain. It is named after its administrative centre - the town of Dimovo.

The municipality embraces a territory of 402.87 km2 (155.55 sq mi) with a population of 7,175 inhabitants, as of December 2009.

The main road E79 (I-1) crosses the area, connecting the province centre of Vidin with the city of Montana and respectively with the western operating part of Hemus motorway.

Opština
Opština, općina, občina, obshtina or obshchina (Cyrillic: општина, опћина or община), is a local government unit in Slavic-speaking countries, most commonly translated as municipality in English. It is used by the following countries:
Testosterone phenylbutyrate
Testosterone phenylbutyrate, also known as testosterone phenylbutanoate, testosterone 17β-phenylbutyrate, and androst-4-en-17β-ol-3-one 17β-phenylbutyrate, is a synthetic, injected anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) and an androgen ester – specifically, the C17β phenylbutyrate (phenylbutanoate) ester of testosterone – which was never marketed. It is a prodrug of testosterone and, when administered via intramuscular injection, is associated with a long-lasting depot effect and extended duration of action.

Butyric acid
Butyric acid (/bjuːˈtɪrɪk/; from Ancient Greek: βούτῡρον, meaning "butter"), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, is a straight-chain alkyl fatty acid with the chemical formula CH3CH2CH2COOH. It is an oily, colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor. Isobutyric acid (2-methylpropanoic acid) is an isomer. Salts and esters of butyric acid are known as butyrates or butanoates. The acid does not occur widely in nature, but its esters are widespread. It is a common industrial chemical and an important component in the mammalian gut.
Koguryo Wooden Bridge
Listed as item #160 of the National Treasures of North Korea is a wooden bridge, dating from the Koguryo era(고구려나무다리).

The bridge was built in the early 5th Century in front of the Anhak Royal Palace. Only the foundations have survived to the present day. The structure is estimated to have been 375 metres long and 9 metres wide. The bridge crossed the Taedong River, linking Chongho-dong, in the Taesong District with Hyuam-dong, in the Sadong District of Pyongyang.

According to a reconstruction, both ends of the bridge were fan-shaped, covered with boards."Beams were laid lengthways and breadthways on the framework of the bridge and paved with trim planks upon which parapets were fixed for safety."  The joints of the framework were rebated without using any form of hardware, such as clamps. A fire pit at the entrance of the bridge provided light during the night.

Taedong River
The Taedong River (Korean: 대동강) is a large river in North Korea.  The river rises in the Rangrim Mountains of the country's north where it then flows southwest into Korea Bay at Nampo. In between, it runs through the country's capital, Pyongyang. Along the river are landmarks such as the Juche Tower and Kim Il Sung Square.

The river is 439 kilometres (273 miles) in length, and is generally deep. It is the fifth-longest river on the Korean peninsula and the second-longest in North Korea. Pyongyang is approximately 110 km upstream from the mouth, Sunchon 192 km upstream, and Taehŭng 414 km upstream. Because of its depth, it is widely used for river transport; it is navigable by large ships up to 65 km inland, although most commercial traffic stops at Songrim.