hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Periclesia
Periclesia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Ericaceae. It only contains one known species, Periclesia flexuosa A.C.Sm. It is also with the Vaccinioideae subfamily and the Vaccinieae tribe.

It is native to Ecuador.

The genus name of Periclesia is in honour of Pericles (c. 490 BC – 429 BC), a Greek statesman and general during the Golden Age of Athens. The Latin specific epithet of flexuosa refers to flexuosus meaning twisted.
Both the genus and the species were first described and published in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. Vol.28 on page 357 in 1932.

The genus is not recognised by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service, they list it as a synonym of Ceratostema Juss.

Agricultural Research Service
The Agricultural Research Service (ARS) is the principal in-house research agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). ARS is one of four agencies in USDA's Research, Education and Economics mission area. ARS is charged with extending the nation's scientific knowledge and solving agricultural problems through its four national program areas: nutrition, food safety and quality; animal production and protection; natural resources and sustainable agricultural systems; and crop production and protection. ARS research focuses on solving problems affecting Americans every day. The ARS Headquarters is located in the Jamie L. Whitten Building on Independence Avenue in Washington, D.C., and the headquarters staff is located at the George Washington Carver Center (GWCC) in Beltsville, Maryland. For 2018, its budget was $1.2 billion. For 2023, the budget grew to $1.9 billion.
Izet Sarajlić
Izet Sarajlić (16 March 1930 in Doboj – 2 May 2002 in Sarajevo) was a Bosnian historian of philosophy, essayist, translator and poet. Sarajlić was Bosnia and Herzegovina's best-known poet after World War II, and the former Yugoslavia's most widely translated poet.

Bosnians
Bosnians (Bosnian: Bosanci / Босанци; sg. masc. Bosanac / Босанац, fem. Bosanka / Босанкаcode: bos promoted to code: bs ) are people native to the country of Bosnia and Herzegovina, especially the region of Bosnia. The term is used regardless of ethnic or cultural affiliation. The term Bosnian refers to all inhabitants/citizens of the country, though people from the region of Herzegovina may prefer the demonym Herzegovinian. The term can also be used as a designation for anyone who is descended from Bosnia.

Bosnian as a demonym is a nationality and does not imply any specific ethnic group. The term should not be confused with the ethnonym Bosniak, which refers to the largest ethnic group in the country. The native ethnic groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina are Bosniaks, Bosnian Serbs and Bosnian Croats.
Religious views on masturbation
Among the world's religions, views on masturbation vary widely. Some religions view it as a spiritually detrimental practice, some see it as not spiritually detrimental and others take a situational view. Among these latter religions, some view masturbation as allowable if used as a means towards sexual self-control, or as part of healthy self-exploration, but disallow it if it is done with motives they consider to be wrong, or as an addiction. A 2016 Psychology Today article stated that the more religious people are, the more likely they are to restrict their sexual fantasies, have fewer sex partners, use less pornography and express stronger disapproval of the use of sex toys.

Chastity
Chastity, also known as purity, is a virtue related to temperance. Someone who is chaste refrains  from sexual activity that is considered immoral or from any sexual activity, according to their state of life. In some contexts, for example when making a vow of chastity, chastity means celibacy.
Rejepow
Rejepow (masculine) or Rejepowa (feminine) is a Turkmen surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Akmyrat Rejepow, Turkmen general

Guwanç Rejepow (born 1982), Turkmen footballer

Maýsa Rejepowa (born 1993), Turkmen sprinter

Rejepbaý Rejepow (born 1992), Turkmen weightlifter

Guwanç Rejepow
Guwanç Rejepow (Russian: Гуванч Реджепов; born on April 20, 1982) is a Turkmen footballer (defender).

Rejepow was part of the squad for the Turkmenistan national football team in the 2012 AFC Challenge Cup qualifying round, participating in the match against India on 25 March 2011.
Frisilia homochlora
Frisilia homochlora is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1910. It is found in southern India and Jiangxi, China.

The wingspan is about 22 mm. The forewings are pale ochreous with the costal edge infuscated at the base. The discal stigmata are cloudy and dark fuscous, the first dot like, the second extends across the transverse vein and is subcrescentic. There is some slight infuscation along the termen. The hindwings are whitish ochreous.

Lecithoceridae
The Lecithoceridae, or long-horned moths, are a family of small moths described by Simon Le Marchand in 1947. Although lecithocerids are found throughout the world, the great majority are found in the Indomalayan realm and the southern part of the Palaearctic realm.
Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia
Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia is a species of Australian rock fern from the family Pteridaceae. Once a common understory plant along streams in moist areas of Southern Australia, Cheilianthes austrotenuifolia is still quite widespread in remnant bush-land, such as areas of the Adelaide Hills, although it has been affected significantly by land clearance and competition from invasive species.

Bright green fronds grow from an underground rhizome. The plant spreads through division of this rhizome, and also by spores held under the fronds. Fronds die down in summer and return with the rain in Autumn.

The plant is very difficult to propagate using spores, but it may be more easily done using sections of the rhizome.

Pteridaceae
Pteridaceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales, including some 1150 known species in ca 45 genera (depending on taxonomic opinions), divided over five subfamilies.  The family includes four groups of genera that are sometimes recognized as separate families: the adiantoid, cheilanthoid, pteridoid, and hemionitidoid ferns. Relationships among these groups remain unclear, and although some recent genetic analyses of the Pteridales suggest that neither the family Pteridaceae nor the major groups within it are all monophyletic, as yet these analyses are insufficiently comprehensive and robust to provide good support for a revision of the order at the family level.
2011–12 Colorado Avalanche season
The 2011–12 Colorado Avalanche season was the 40th overall season for the franchise, the 33rd since joining the National Hockey League (NHL), and 17th since relocating to Colorado.

The Avalanche failed to qualify for the 2012 Stanley Cup playoffs, finishing seven points behind the eighth-placed Los Angeles Kings in the Western Conference.

2011–12 Los Angeles Kings season
The 2011–12 Los Angeles Kings season was the 45th season (44th season of play) for the National Hockey League (NHL) franchise. Although they finished the season with 95 points and the eighth seed in the Western Conference playoffs, they went on to capture the first Stanley Cup championship in team history.
Kinki Expressway
Kinki Expressway (近畿自動車道, Kinki Jidōshadō) is a national expressway in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. It is owned and operated by West Nippon Expressway Company. In conjunction with the Chūgoku Expressway and the Osaka Chūō Kanjōsen of Osaka Prefectural Road 2, it will form a full outer ring road of Osaka. The expressway is designated with the number E26 under the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism's "2016 Proposal for Realization of Expressway Numbering."

Ring road
A ring road (also known as circular road, beltline, beltway, circumferential (high)way, loop or orbital) is a road or a series of connected roads encircling a town, city or country. The most common purpose of a ring road is to assist in reducing traffic volumes in the urban centre, such as by offering an alternate route around the city for drivers who do not need to stop in the city core. Ring roads can also serve to connect suburbs to each other, allowing efficient travel between them.
Berner
Berner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Berner (rapper), San Francisco rapper

Alexander Berner (born 1901, date of death unknown), Swiss skeleton racer who competed in the late 1920s

Anne Berner (born 1964), Finnish-Swish business executive and the former Minister of Transport and Communications of Finland

Boel Berner (b. 1945), Swedish sociologist, historian, and editor

Bruno Berner (born 1977), former Swiss footballer

Carl Berner (disambiguation), various people

Friedrich Wilhelm Berner (1780–1827), German organist and composer

Geoff Berner (born 1971), Canadian musician and writer

Örjan Berner (born 1937), Swedish diplomat

Peter Berner, Australian comedian, presenter, and artist

Robert Berner (1935–2015), American scientist

Sara Berner (1912–1969), American actress

Vicki Berner (1945–2017), Canadian tennis player

Anne Berner
Anne-Catherine Berner (born 16 January 1964) is a Swiss-Finnish business executive, board professional, and the former Minister of Transport and Communications. In 2015, Berner was elected Member of the Finnish Parliament from the electoral district of Uusimaa as a non-attached candidate representing the Centre Party. Berner uses Swiss German as her mother tongue within the family, and is fluent in Finnish, Swedish, German, English and French.

Anne Berner has a long career leading Vallila Interior, a family-owned interior design company.

Before her career in the Finnish Parliament, Berner was known for leading the New Children's Hospital 2017 project and for chairing the board of the New Children's Hospital Foundation. Berner was also familiar through appearances in the television show Dragons' Den of Finland and Sweden.
Hendrik Bogaert
Hendrik Bogaert (born 30 August 1968) is a Belgian politician from Flanders and member of the Christian Democratic and Flemish party (CD&V). Since 2003, he is member of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives.
He studied Master in Economics at KU Leuven and an MBA at Harvard Business School.
He has been mayor of Jabbeke.

On 6 December 2011, he became Secretary of State for Civil Service and Modernisation of Public Services in the Di Rupo I Government.

On 19 December 2023, he revealed in De Afspraak, to found a new party called Redelijk Rechts (Reasonable Right).

Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)
The Chamber of Representatives (Dutch: Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers; French: Chambre des représentants; German: Abgeordnetenkammer) is one of the two chambers in the bicameral Federal Parliament of Belgium, the other being the Senate. It is considered to be the "lower house" of the Federal Parliament.
Katrichev
Katrichev (Russian: Катричев) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Uralo-Akhtubinskoye Rural Settlement, Bykovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,897 as of 2010. There are 28 streets.

Bykovsky District
Bykovsky District (Russian: Бы́ковский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-three in Volgograd Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Bykovsky Municipal District. It is located in the east of the oblast. The area of the district is 3,410 square kilometers (1,320 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Bykovo. Population: 27,055 (2010 Census); 28,572 (2002 Census); 27,151 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Bykovo accounts for 28.5% of the district's total population.
Angie Rodríguez
Angie Lizeth Rodríguez Fajardo (c. 1986) is a Colombian public administrator and politician who served as Secretary General of the Presidency from 2025 to 2026 under President Gustavo Petro. A specialist in public management, she has also served as Senior Advisor to the Ministry of Labor under Minister Clara López, advisor to the Comptroller General of Colombia, and advisor to the Ministry of Health and Social Protection under Minister Guillermo Alfonso Jaramillo.

Rodríguez specialized in public management at the Superior School of Public Administration, where she also earned a master's degree in human rights. She holds a gadex executive master's degree in Advanced Management from the University of Cádiz. In May 2023, President Gustavo Petro appointed her as the new general director of administrative department of the presidency.
 She is notable for her close relationship with Ministers Armando Benedetti and Guillermo Alfonso Jaramillo.

Clara López
Clara Eugenia López Obregón (born 12 April 1950) is a Colombian politician who was the Minister for Employment. She also served as Acting Mayor of Bogotá from 2011 to 2012. A Harvard-trained economist, she was the Alternative Democratic Pole's nominee for President of Colombia in the 2014 election.

López is also a University of Los Andes-trained lawyer with a doctorate from the University of Salamanca, and served as the sixth Auditor General of Colombia from 2003 to 2005.
Gatineau (federal electoral district)
Gatineau (French pronunciation: [ɡatino]) is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, represented in the House of Commons of Canada from since 1949. Between 1987 and 1996, it was known as "Gatineau—La Lièvre".

It consists of part of the former city of Gatineau, Quebec as defined by its pre-2002 boundaries.

The adjacent ridings are Argenteuil—La Petite-Nation, Hull—Aylmer, Pontiac—Kitigan Zibi, Orléans, and Ottawa—Vanier—Gloucester.

Gatineau
Gatineau (/ˈɡætɪnoʊ/ GAT-in-oh; French: [ɡatino] ⓘ) is a city in southwestern Quebec, Canada. It is located on the northern bank of the Ottawa River, directly across from Ottawa, Ontario. Gatineau is the largest city in the Outaouais administrative region of Quebec and is also part of Canada's National Capital Region. As of 2021, Gatineau is the fourth-largest city in Quebec with a population of 291,041. Gatineau is also part of the Ottawa-Gatineau census metropolitan area with a population of 1,488,307, making it the fourth largest in Canada.

Gatineau is coextensive with a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of the same name, whose geographical code is 81. It is the seat of the judicial district of Hull.

It is also the most bilingual (French-English) city in Canada.
Sonam Tobgye
Lyonpo Sonam Tobgye (born 15 November 1949) is an eminent jurist from Bhutan. He served as Chief Justice of the High Court of Bhutan from 1991 through 2009 and as Chief Justice of the newly created Supreme Court of Bhutan from 2010 through 2014. He also served as president of SAARCLAW, the South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation in Law, from 2011 through 2014. His public service spanned 43 years, beginning as master of household to King Jigme Dorji Wangchuck and ending in constitutionally-mandated retirement at the age of 65.

During the gap between the administrations of Prime Ministers Jigme Thinley and Tshering Tobgay, he served as Bhutan's head of government as Chief Advisor to the interim government from 28 April to 27 July 2013.

Tshering Tobgay
Tshering Tobgay (born 19 September 1965) is a Bhutanese politician who is the seventh prime minister of Bhutan since 2024, having previously held the office from 2013 to 2018. Tobgay is the leader of the People's Democratic Party, and was also the Leader of the Opposition in the National Assembly from March 2008 to April 2013.
Glutamate racemase
In enzymology, glutamate racemase (MurI with a capital i) (EC 5.1.1.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

L-glutamate  D-glutamate

Hence, this enzyme RacE has one substrate, L-glutamate, and one product, D-glutamate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically those racemases and epimerases acting on amino acids and derivatives, including proline racemase, aspartate racemase, and diaminopimelate epimerase. This enzyme participates in glutamate metabolism that is essential for cell wall biosynthesis in bacteria. Glutamate racemase performs the additional function of gyrase inhibition, preventing gyrase from binding to DNA.

Glutamate racemase (MurI) serves two distinct metabolic functions: primarily, it is a critical enzyme in cell wall biosynthesis, but also plays a role in gyrase inhibition. The ability of glutamate racemase and other proteins to serve two distinct functions is known as "moonlighting".

Isomerase
In biochemistry, isomerases are a general class of enzymes that convert a molecule from one isomer to another. Isomerases facilitate intramolecular rearrangements in which bonds are broken and formed. The general form of such a reaction is as follows:

There is only one substrate yielding one product. This product has the same molecular formula as the substrate but differs in bond connectivity or spatial arrangement. Isomerases catalyze reactions across many biological processes, such as in glycolysis and carbohydrate metabolism.
Tullio Ghersetich
Tullio Ghersetich (born 28 April 1930) is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a striker.

Throughout his career, Ghersetich played for several different Italian clubs. He began his career at Carrarese in 1950, and gained prominence while playing for Empoli, which earned him a transfer to Fiorentina in 1952. He stayed at the Florentine club for one season, scoring 5 goals in 13 league matches. Ghersetich was then sold to Monza, and later played for Salernitana and Cagliari before retiring in 1959.

On 18 January 1953, Ghersetich recorded the fastest goal in the history of Serie A, scoring the 1–0 goal for Fiorentina in an away game against Como after only ten seconds. He held this record for 35 years, being surpassed by Gianfranco Matteoli in 1988. Ghersetich still holds the record for Fiorentina's quickest goal in Serie A.

Serie C
The Serie C (Italian pronunciation: [ˈsɛːrje ˈtʃi]), officially known as Serie C Sky Wifi for sponsorship purposes, is the third-highest division in the Italian football league system after the Serie B and Serie A. The Lega Italiana Calcio Professionistico (Lega Pro) is the governing body that operates the Serie C.

The unification of the Lega Pro Prima Divisione and the Lega Pro Seconda Divisione as Lega Pro Divisione Unica (often also abbreviated as Lega Pro) in 2014 reintroduced the format of the original Serie C that existed between 1935 and 1978 (before the split into Serie C1 and Serie C2). In May 2017, the Lega Pro assembly unanimously approved renaming the competition to its original name, Serie C.
Pat Stakelum
Patrick Stakelum (6 May 1927 – 4 April 2008) was an Irish sportsperson.  He played hurling with his local club Holycross–Ballycahill and was a member of the Tipperary senior inter-county team from 1947 until 1957.  Stakelum captained Tipperary to the All-Ireland title in 1949.

1951 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 1951 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 65th staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 6 May 1951 and ended on 2 September 1951.

Tipperary were the defending champions, and retained their All-Ireland crown following a 7–7 to 3–9 defeat of Wexford.
Dinitrobenzene
Dinitrobenzenes are nitrobenzenes composed of a benzene ring and two nitro group (-NO2) substituents.  The three possible arrangements of the nitro groups afford three isomers, 1,2-dinitrobenzene, 1,3-dinitrobenzene, and 1,4-dinitrobenzene. Each isomer has the chemical formula C6H4N2O4 and a molar mass of about 168.11 g/mol. 1,3-Dinitrobenzene is the most common isomer. It is used as a precursor to 1,3-diaminobenzene and 3-nitroaniline.

3-Nitroaniline
3-Nitroaniline is an organic compound with the formula H2NC6H4NO2. A yellow solid, it is a derivative of aniline, carrying a nitro functional group in position 3. It is an isomer of 2-nitroaniline and  4-nitroaniline. It is used as a precursor to dyes.
Gao Yi (politician)
Gao Yi  (December 1914 - April 19, 2022, Chinese: 高沂), formerly known as Gao Bingjin (Chinese: 高秉晋), a native of Yishui, Shandong Province, was a political figure in the People's Republic of China, who served as Vice Minister of Education, and a member of the Sixth and Seventh National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

Yishui County
Yishui County (simplified Chinese: 沂水县; traditional Chinese: 沂水縣; pinyin: Yíshuǐ Xiàn) is a county in the south-central part of Shandong province, People's Republic of China. Located in the central and southern region of Shandong, it lies in the hinterland of the Yimeng Mountain area and is situated in the upper reaches of the Yi River and Shu River.
H. W. Bessemer
Henry William Bessemer (7 November 1865 – 26 April 1956) was a British philatelist who signed the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1950.

Bessemer was an expert in the stamps of France, particularly the tête-bêche, and Bordeaux and Semeuse issues. In 1939 he won the Royal Philatelic Society London's Tilleard Medal. His collection was shown, hors concours, at the London International Stamp Exhibition 1950.

Crawford Medal
See also Crawford Award for fantasy novels.
See also Max Crawford Medal Australian academic award.

The Crawford Medal is a vermeil medal awarded by the Royal Philatelic Society London for the most valuable and original contribution to the study and knowledge of philately published in book form during the relevant period.

The medal is named after James Lindsay, 26th Earl of Crawford, who by the time of his death in 1913 had amassed the greatest philatelic library of his time.
Frank A. Burr
Frank A. Burr (1843 – January 1894) was an American newspaper reporter and author. He was a staff correspondent for The Philadelphia Press. He wrote a book about James Addams Beaver and another with Richard J. Hinton about Phillip Sheridan.

He was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He spent time with Chippewa during his youth. His father Ezra D. Burr was an M.D., probate court judge, and editor.

He was a printer. He served in the Civil War. Russell A. Alger was his company's captain.

He contributed to the newspaper The Daily Register. He was also a Pennsylvania Republican.

Burr died in January 1894.

James A. Beaver
James Addams Beaver (October 21, 1837 – January 31, 1914) was an American attorney, recruiter and field commander of Pennsylvania Infantry who was wounded four times during the American Civil War, and politician who served as the 20th governor of Pennsylvania from 1887 to 1891. He also served as the acting president of the Pennsylvania State University from 1906 to 1908.
Pillar Point Harbor
Pillar Point Harbor is a boat harbor created by a riprap breakwater in San Mateo County, California, immediately north of Half Moon Bay.  It is used by both pleasure craft and small commercial fishing boats.

The Ohlone people inhabited the region until the 19th century, and a number of recorded shipwrecks occurred in the immediate area. The modern harbor facilities were constructed between 1959 and 1982.  The harbor facilities are managed by the San Mateo County Harbor District.

Breakwater (structure)
A breakwater is a permanent structure constructed at a coastal area to protect against tides, currents, waves, and storm surges.  Breakwaters have been built since antiquity to protect anchorages, helping isolate vessels from marine hazards such as wind-driven waves. A breakwater, also known in some contexts as a jetty or a mole, may be connected to land or freestanding, and may contain a walkway or road for vehicle access.

Part of a coastal management system, breakwaters are installed parallel to the shore to minimize erosion. On beaches where longshore drift threatens the erosion of beach material, smaller structures on the beach  may be installed, usually perpendicular to the water's edge. Their action on waves and current is intended to slow the longshore drift and discourage mobilisation of beach material. In this usage they are more usually referred to as groynes.