hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Allan Young
John Allan Young (February 7, 1895 – 1961) was a Scottish-born political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Biggar from 1938 to 1944 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) member.

He was born in Glasgow, the son of William McKie Young and Margaret Allan, was educated in Scotland and emigrated to Canada in 1911. He served overseas with the Canadian Expeditionary Force during World War I.

In 1918, Young married Eva M. Head. He lived in Perdue, Saskatchewan. Young ran unsuccessfully as a Liberal candidate against George John McLean for the Cut Knife seat in the provincial assembly in 1929. Young served as Deputy Provincial Secretary for the province from 1946 to 1952. In 1947, he was named to the board of directors of the Saskatchewan Government Telephones crown corporation.

Canadian Expeditionary Force
The Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF; French: Corps expéditionnaire canadien) was the expeditionary field force of Canada during the First World War. It was formed on August 15, 1914, following Britain’s declaration of war on the German Empire, with an initial strength of one infantry division. The division subsequently fought at Ypres on the Western Front, with a newly raised second division reinforcing the committed units to form the Canadian Corps. The CEF and corps was eventually expanded to four infantry divisions, which were all committed to the fighting in France and Belgium along the Western Front. A fifth division was partially raised in 1917, but was broken up in 1918 and used as reinforcements following heavy casualties.
Five-qubit error correcting code
The five-qubit error correcting code or the [[5,1,3]] code, is the smallest quantum error correcting code that can protect a logical qubit from any arbitrary single qubit error. In this code, 5 physical qubits are used to encode the logical qubit. With  and  being Pauli matrices and  the Identity matrix, this code's generators are . Its logical operators are  and  .  Once the logical qubit is encoded, errors on the physical qubits can be detected via stabilizer measurements. A lookup table that maps the results of the stabilizer measurements to the types and locations of the errors gives the control system of the quantum computer enough information to correct errors.

Identity matrix
In linear algebra, the identity matrix of size  is the  square matrix with ones on the main diagonal and zeros elsewhere. It has unique properties, for example when the identity matrix represents a geometric transformation, the object remains unchanged by the transformation. In other contexts, it is analogous to multiplying by the number 1.
Kim Dong-shik
Kim Dong-shik (Korean: 김동식; Hanja: 金東植, 1947 – disappeared January 16, 2000) was a Korean-American Protestant minister who went missing in China in January 2000. His missionary and humanitarian work in China had involved aiding North Korean defectors there, and evidence eventually emerged that the North Korean regime was responsible for his disappearance. In 2015, a U.S. federal court awarded damages to his family after determining that Kim had likely died in a North Korean prison camp after being abducted from China by North Korean operatives who regarded Kim's activities as a threat to the regime.

Damages
At common law, damages are a remedy in the form of a monetary award to be paid to a claimant as compensation for loss or injury. To warrant the award, the claimant must show that a breach of duty has caused foreseeable loss. To be recognized at law, the loss must involve damage to property, or mental or physical injury; pure economic loss is rarely recognized for the award of damages.

Compensatory damages are further categorized into special damages, which are economic losses such as loss of earnings, property damage and medical expenses, and general damages, which are non-economic damages such as pain and suffering and emotional distress. Rather than being compensatory, at common law damages may instead be nominal, contemptuous or exemplary.
Whale Rock Reservoir
Whale Rock Reservoir is a reservoir near Cayucos in San Luis Obispo County, California.

The reservoir was formed by the building of Whale Rock Dam on Old Creek by the Whale Rock Commission. It is a 193-foot (59 m) tall earthfill dam that was completed in 1961 (1961). The reservoir has a capacity of 40,662 acre⋅ft (50.156 million m3). The watershed has an area of 20.6 square miles (53 km2). It provides drinking water for the city of San Luis Obispo, the California Men's Colony, Cal Poly, and the Cayucos Area Water Organization. The water is brought to San Luis Obispo by the 17.6 miles (28.3 km) long, 30-inch (760 mm) diameter Whale Rock Conduit.

Embankment dam
An embankment dam is a large artificial dam. It is typically created by the placement and compaction of a complex semi-plastic mound of various compositions of soil or rock. It has a water-resistant natural covering for its surface, and may feature a dense, watertight core to resist surface or seepage erosion. Such a dam is composed of fragmented independent material particles. The friction and interaction of particles binds the particles together into a stable mass rather than by the use of a cementing substance.
Cenk Akyol
Cenk Akyol (born 16 April 1987) is a Turkish professional basketball coach and former player who played at the shooting guard position. He is assistant coach for Bahçeşehir Koleji of the Turkish Basketbol Süper Ligi (BSL).

Basketbol Süper Ligi
The Basketball Super League (Turkish: Basketbol Süper Ligi; TBSL), also known as the Türkiye Sigorta Basketbol Süper Ligi for sponsorship reasons, is the top men's professional basketball division of the Turkish basketball league system. It replaced the former Turkish Basketball Championship (1946–1967) to become the Turkish Basketball League (TBL) until 2015 when it adopted its current name while the TBL name became exclusive to the second-tier and third-tier divisions.

The BSL is administered by the Turkish Basketball Federation (TBF) and is contested by 16 teams, with the two lowest-placed teams relegated to the second-tier TBL and replaced by the top two teams of that division.

Since the league's restructuring in 1966, 11 clubs have been crowned champions, with Anadolu Efes winning the title a record 16 times and Fenerbahçe 12 times. In recent years, Fenerbahçe won 11 titles out of 17 from the 2006–07 season onward.
1970 Paris–Tours
The 1970 Paris–Tours was the 64th edition of the Paris–Tours cycle race and was held on 2 October 1970. The race started in Paris and finished in Tours. The race was won by Jürgen Tschan of the Peugeot team.

Peugeot (cycling team)
Peugeot team was a French professional cycling team that promoted and rode Peugeot racing bikes.

It is listed as the most successful cycling team of all time on cyclingranking.com, with a large margin on the second placed team, Alcyon.
George Nairn-Briggs
Christianity portal

George Peter Nairn-Briggs (born  5 July 1945) was a Provost then the Dean of Wakefield.

He was born on 5 July 1945 and educated at  Slough Technical High School  and began his working life in local authority housing after which he was a press officer for MAFF. From 1966 he began to study for the priesthood, firstly at King's College London and then at St Augustine's College, Canterbury. He held curacies at St Laurence, Catford and then St Saviour, Raynes Park. After this he was Vicar of Christ the King, Salfords and then St Peter, St Helier (Bishop Andrewes) in Morden. He was the Bishop of Wakefield’s Advisor for Social Responsibility between  1987 and 1997,  and a Canon Residentiary at Wakefield Cathedral from 1992. He was then promoted to lead the staff at the Cathedral Church of All Saints, his job title (if not his role) changing in 2000.

He is also the author of several books.

Morden
Morden is a district and town in South London, England, now within the London Borough of Merton, in the ceremonial county of Greater London. It adjoins Merton Park and Wimbledon to the north, Mitcham to the east, Sutton to the south and Worcester Park to the west, and is around 8 miles (13 km) south-southwest of Charing Cross. Prior to the creation of Greater London in 1965, for local government purposes, Morden was in the administrative and historic county of Surrey.

At the 2011 census, Morden had a population of 48,233, including the wards of Cannon Hill, Lower Morden, Merton Park, Ravensbury and St Helier.

The district of Morden includes the town itself, Lower Morden, Morden Park, Cannon Hill, Merton Park and parts of St Helier.

Morden Hall Park, a National Trust park on the banks of the River Wandle adjacent to the town centre, is a key feature of the area. The Baitul Futuh Mosque, completed in 2003, is the largest mosque in Western Europe.
Sallinen
Sallinen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Tyko Sallinen (1879–1955), Finnish expressionist painter

Aulis Sallinen (born 1935), Finnish contemporary classical music composer

Raili Sallinen (born 1938), Finnish ski orienteering competitor

Kari Sallinen (born 1959), Finnish orienteering competitor

Tomi Sallinen (born 1989), Finnish professional ice hockey center

Jere Sallinen (born 1990), Finnish professional ice hockey winger

Oskari Sallinen (born 2001), Finnish professional football midfielder

Hanna-Riikka Sallinen (born 1973), Finnish multi–sport high performance female athlete, played women's ice hockey, bandy, and rinkball

Jere Sallinen
Jere Sallinen (born October 26, 1990) is a Finnish professional ice hockey winger who is currently playing with EHC Biel of the National League (NL). He was originally selected by the Minnesota Wild in the 6th round (163rd overall) of the 2009 NHL Entry Draft. His older brother Tomi also plays professional hockey in Europe.
Kamalasai district
Kamalasai (Thai: กมลาไสย, pronounced [kā(m).mā.lāː.sǎj]; Northeastern Thai: กมลาไสย, pronounced [kà(m).mā.lâː.sǎj]) is a district (amphoe) in the southern part of Kalasin province, northeastern Thailand.

Kalasin province
Kalasin (Thai: กาฬสินธุ์, pronounced [kāː.lā.sǐn]; Northeastern Thai: กาฬสินธุ์, pronounced [kàː.lā.sǐn]) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat), located in upper northeastern Thailand, also called Isan. The province was established by the Act Establishing Changwat Kalasin, BE 2490 (1947), and it came into existence on 1 October 1947.
Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Sakon Nakhon, Mukdahan, Roi Et, Maha Sarakham, Khon Kaen, and Udon Thani.
Tornagaleones River
Tornagaleones River (Spanish: Río Tornagaleones) is a river and eastuarine channel in Los Ríos Region, Chile. Together with Valdivia and Futa River it encloses the fluvial island of Isla del Rey. The fresh waters of Tornagaleones comes from Futa, Naguilán and Valdivia River. During high tide brackish waters from Corral Bay enters the channel.

Tornagaleones means literally "turn around galleons". The name of the river derives from its utility in navigation as it allowed ships to turn around and position their bow towards the Pacific Ocean.

In August 1643, during the Dutch expedition to Valdivia one of Herckmans's ships ran aground a rocky shallow in Tornagaleones River forcing to Dutch to dismantle it.

Bahía Mansa Metamorphic Complex
The Bahía Mansa Metamorphic Complex (Spanish: Complejo Metamórfico Bahía Mansa, CMBM), also known as the Western Series, is a group of geologic formations in the Chilean Coast Range in southern Chile that have been transformed by heat and pressure (a process called metamorphism). It includes pelitic schists (layered rocks from mud or clay), metagreywackes (hardened sandy sediments altered by metamorphism), and mafic metavolcanics (dark-colored rocks from ancient ocean floors). The complex is named after Bahía Mansa, a nearby coastal bay.
Ghazipur district
Ghazipur district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The city of Ghazipur is the district headquarters. The district is part of Varanasi Division. The region of Ghazipur is famous mainly for the production of its unique rose-scented Spray called Gulab Jal, and for the tomb of the Governor General of British India, Lord Cornwallis, who died here. His tomb is situated in Western part of City, and is conserved by Archaeological Survey of India.

Bhojpuri language
Bhojpuri (IPA: /ˌboʊdʒˈpʊəri/; Devanagari: भोजपुरीⓘ, Kaithi: 𑂦𑂷𑂔𑂣𑂳𑂩𑂲, (IPA: [bʰoːdʒpʊɾiː])) is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Bhojpur-Purvanchal region of India and the Terai region of Nepal. It is chiefly spoken in eastern Uttar Pradesh, western Bihar, and northwestern Jharkhand in India, as well as western Madhesh, eastern Lumbini. According to the 2011 Census of India, it is spoken by approximately 50.5 million people.

It is also a minority language in Fiji, Mauritius, Suriname and historically primarily in the Natal province of  South Africa. Fiji Hindi, an official language of Fiji, is a dialect of Bhojpuri spoken by the Indo-Fijians. Caribbean Hindustani is spoken by the Indo-Caribbean people in Guyana, Suriname, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. In Mauritius, it is recognised by the government and taught in university as well.

Bhojpuri language is listed as potentially vulnerable in the UNESCO World Atlas of Languages.
Makan Delrahim
Makan Delrahim (/ˈmeɪkən ˌdɛlrəˈhiːm/; born November 2, 1969) is an Iranian-American attorney and lobbyist who worked in the Department of Justice Antitrust Division in the first Donald Trump administration.

Since October 6, 2025, he has been the Chief Legal Officer of Paramount Skydance. During his tenure at Paramount Skydance, Delrahim oversaw a lobbying campaign to enable a Paramount takeover of Warner Bros. Discovery.

From 2017 to 2021, Delrahim served under President Donald Trump as Assistant Attorney General for the Department of Justice Antitrust Division.

Iranian Americans
Iranian-Americans, also known as Persian Americans, are United States citizens or nationals who are of Iranian ancestry or who hold Iranian citizenship. According to the National Organization for Civil Registration, an organization of the Ministry of Interior of Iran, the United States has the greatest number of Iranians outside the country.

Most Iranian-Americans arrived in the United States after 1979 in the wake  of the Iranian Revolution and the fall of the Iranian monarchy. Over 40% of them settled in California, specifically Los Angeles, where they formed distinct ethnic enclaves, such as the Angelino community of "Tehrangeles" in Westwood, Los Angeles.

Research by the Iranian Studies Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2004 estimated the number of Iranian-Americans at 691,000, about half of whom live in  California.
Mario Ibáñez
Mario Ibáñez (27 July 1921 – 25 November 2004) was a Chilean footballer. He played in one match for the Chile national football team in 1942. He was also part of Chile's squad for the 1942 South American Championship.

1942 South American Championship
The seventeenth edition of the South American Championship, an association football competition, was held in Montevideo, Uruguay, from 10 January to 7 February.

For the first time seven teams took part of the event; the participating countries were Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay.

Bolivia, and Colombia withdrew from the tournament.

The tournament featured a match between Argentina and Ecuador in which Argentina's José Manuel Moreno surpassed the 500-goal mark for goals in Copa América history, scoring 5 in a 12–0 drubbing of Ecuador. As of 2015, the 12-goal difference of that match remains the widest ever in Copa Américas. José Manuel Moreno and Herminio Masantonio of Argentina were joint top scorers of the tournament, with 7 goals each.
University Grants Commission (India)
University Grants Commission (UGC) is a statutory body under Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Government of India. It was set up in accordance to the UGC Act 1956 and is charged with coordination, determination and maintenance of standards of higher education in India. It provides recognition to universities in India, and disbursements of funds to such recognized universities and colleges. The UGC headquarters are in New Delhi, and it has six regional centres in Pune, Bhopal, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Guwahati and Bengaluru. A proposal to replace it with another new regulatory body called HECI is under consideration by the Government of India. The UGC provides doctoral scholarships to all those who clear JRF in the National Eligibility Test. On an average, each year ₹725 crore (US$86 million) is spent on doctoral and post-doctoral fellowships by the commission.

Statutory body
A statutory body or statutory authority is a body set up by law (statute) that is authorised to implement certain legislation on behalf of the relevant country or state, sometimes by being empowered or delegated to set rules (for example regulations or statutory instruments) in their field. They are typically found in countries which are governed by a British style of parliamentary democracy such as the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth countries like Australia, Canada, India and New Zealand. They are also found in Hong Kong, Israel and elsewhere. Statutory authorities may also be statutory corporations, if created as a body corporate.
Selfishness
Selfishness is being concerned excessively or exclusively for oneself or one's own advantage, pleasure, or welfare, regardless of others.
Selfishness is the opposite of altruism or selflessness, and has also been contrasted (as by C. S. Lewis) with self-centeredness.

Materialism
In philosophy and metaphysics, materialism is a form of monism holding that matter is the fundamental substance of nature, so that all things, including mind and consciousness, arise from material interactions and depend on physical processes, including those of the human brain and nervous system. It contrasts with monistic idealism, which treats consciousness as fundamental, and is related to naturalism, the view that only natural laws and forces operate in the universe, and to physicalism, the view that all that exists is ultimately physical. Physicalism extends materialism by including forms of physicality beyond ordinary matter (e.g. spacetime, energy, forces, exotic matter), and some use the terms interchangeably.

Alternative philosophies opposed or alternative to materialism or physicalism include idealism, pluralism, dualism, solipsism, panpsychism, and other forms of monism.
Palaeocarassius
Palaeocarassius  is an extinct genus of Miocene-aged cyprinid fish closely related to the crucian carps of Carassius.  Most fossils are of otoliths, teeth, fin spines, and scales found in Miocene-aged lacustrine strata throughout Europe, though, two species, P. basalticus and P. priscus (syn. Cyprinus priscus), are also known from whole body fossils, representing stout-bodied, large-headed animals that bear strong resemblances to the living crucian carps.  The holotype of the type species, P. mydlovariensis, is a disarticulated head.

Otolith
An otolith (Ancient Greek: ὠτο-, ōto- ear + λῐ́θος, líthos, a stone), also called otoconium, statolith, or statoconium, is a calcium carbonate structure in the saccule or utricle of the inner ear, specifically in the vestibular system of vertebrates. The saccule and utricle, in turn, together make the otolith organs. These organs are what allows an organism, including humans, to perceive linear acceleration, both horizontally and vertically (gravity). They have been identified in both extinct and extant vertebrates.

Counting the annual growth rings on the otoliths is a common technique in estimating the age of fish.
Decahydroisoquinoline
Decahydroisoquinoline is a nitrogen-containing heterocycle with the chemical formula C9H17N.  It is the saturated form of isoquinoline.

Decahydroisoquinoline can be formed by the hydrogenation of isoquinoline or tetrahydroisoquinoline.

Hydrogenation
Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum. The process is commonly employed to reduce or saturate organic compounds. Hydrogenation typically constitutes the addition of pairs of hydrogen atoms to a molecule, often an alkene. Catalysts are required for the reaction to be usable; non-catalytic hydrogenation takes place only at very high temperatures. Hydrogenation reduces double and triple bonds in hydrocarbons.
Bakhu Bike I
Bakhu Bike I or Pahu Bike (died August 1834) was the daughter of Umma Khan V and the wife of Sultan Ahmed Khan. She was one of the very few women known to have had influence over the affairs of the state in the Avar Khanate.

Khunzakh
Khunzakh (Avar: Хунзахъ, pronounced [ˈχun.zäqχː], Russian: Хунзах) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Khunzakhsky District in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia, located in the North Caucasus mountains 1,600 meters (5,200 ft) above sea level. Population:  4,245 (2010 Census); 3,694 (2002 Census); 2,901 (1989 Soviet census).
1979 Italian Senate election in Lombardy
Lombardy elected its eighth delegation to the Italian Senate on June 3, 1979. This election was a part of national Italian general election of 1979 even if, according to the Italian Constitution, every senatorial challenge in each Region is a single and independent race.

The election was won by the centrist Christian Democracy, as it happened at national level. Seven Lombard provinces gave a majority or at least a plurality to the winning party, while the agricultural Province of Pavia and Province of Mantua preferred the Italian Communist Party.

Majority
A majority is more than half of a total; however, the term is commonly used with other meanings, as explained in the "Related terms" section below.

It is a subset of a set consisting of more than half of the set's elements. For example, if a group consists of 31 individuals, a majority would be 16 or more individuals, while having 15 or fewer individuals would not constitute a majority.

A majority is different from, but often confused with, a plurality (or relative majority in British English), which is a subset larger than any other subset but not necessarily more than half the set. See the "Related terms" section below for details.
Been Caught Buttering
Been Caught Buttering is the second album of the Austrian death metal band Pungent Stench. It was originally released in 1991 on Nuclear Blast. The original album art, which depicted two severed, partially decomposed heads kissing (in fact, it is one head which had been sawed in half by Joel-Peter Witkin), had to be changed for the Australian release. The cover art can also be seen as a parody of a famous picture with Leonid Brezhnev and Erich Honecker kissing at the celebrations of the 30th birthday of the former German Democratic Republic in 1979.

Nuclear Blast Records
Nuclear Blast Records is a German record label with subsidiaries in Germany, the United States and Brazil. It was founded in 1987 by Markus Staiger in Donzdorf. Originally releasing hardcore punk records, the label moved on to releasing albums by thrash metal, melodic death metal, grindcore, industrial metal, power metal and black metal bands, as well as tribute albums. It also distributes and promotes post-hardcore/metalcore labels SharpTone Records. Another post-hardcore/metalcore label, Arising Empire, was in Nuclear Blast's portfolio until its acquisition by Kontor New Media in 2020.

In October 2018, French independent label Believe Digital acquired a majority stake in Nuclear Blast.