hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
SF-36
The Short Form (36) Health Survey is a 36-item, patient-reported survey of patient health.  The SF-36 is a measure of health status and an abbreviated variant of it, the SF-6D, is commonly used in health economics as a variable in the quality-adjusted life year calculation to determine the cost-effectiveness of a health treatment. The SF-36 is also commonly utilized in health psychology research to examine the burden of disease. The original SF-36 stemmed from the Medical Outcome Study, MOS, which was conducted by the RAND Corporation. Since then a group of researchers from the original study released a commercial version of SF-36 while the original SF-36 is available in public domain license free from RAND. A shorter version is the SF-12, which contains 12 items rather than 36. If having only adequate physical and mental health summary scores is of interest, "then the SF12 may be the instrument of choice".

Quality-adjusted life year
The quality-adjusted life year (QALY) is a generic measure of disease burden, including both the quality and the quantity of life lived. It is used in economic evaluation to assess the value of medical interventions. One QALY equates to one year in perfect health. QALY scores range from 1 (perfect health) to 0 (dead). QALYs can be used to inform health insurance coverage determinations, treatment decisions, to evaluate programs, and to set priorities for future programs.

Critics argue that the QALY oversimplifies how actual patients would assess risks and outcomes, and that its use may restrict patients with disabilities from accessing treatment. Proponents of the measure acknowledge that the QALY has some shortcomings, but that its ability to quantify tradeoffs and opportunity costs from the patient, and societal perspective make it a critical tool for equitably allocating resources.
Kira Sugiyama
Kira Sugiyama (杉山 吉良, Sugiyama Kira; October 17, 1910 – December 12, 1988) was a Japanese photographer.

Sugiyama was born in Shizuoka prefecture. He attended Waseda Middle School but left after his parents died during the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake. In 1927 he joined Paramount News, where he learned to do photojournalism. In 1936 he published a series in a magazine depicting women moving. During World War II he broadcast as a member of the Imperial Japanese Army, most notably at the battle of Attu.

After the war, Sugiyama returned to Paramount News. He then transitioned to nude photography and became a pioneer in the field. In 1953 he went to Sao Paulo, Brazil. After returning to Japan, he began exhibiting his photographs in 1969. In 1978 he went to Attu Island and later exhibited the photographs he took in remembrance of his comrades there.

Sugiyama died on December 12, 1988.

Battle of Attu
The Battle of Attu (codenamed Operation Landcrab), which took place on 11–30 May 1943, was fought between forces of the United States, aided by Canadian reconnaissance and fighter-bomber support, and Japan on Attu Island off the coast of the Territory of Alaska as part of the Aleutian Islands campaign during the American Theater and the Pacific Theater. Attu is the only land battle in which Japanese and American forces fought in snowy conditions, in contrast with the tropical climate in the rest of the Pacific. The battle ended when most of the Japanese defenders were killed in brutal hand-to-hand combat after a final banzai charge broke through American lines.
Dan Mullins
Dan Mullins (born 15 June 1978) is an English metal drummer. He is most known for being the drummer of the doom metal band My Dying Bride. Mullins has cited drummers such as Buddy Rich, Mike Portnoy, Sean Reinert, and Paul Mazurkiewicz as influences.

Mike Portnoy
Michael Stephen Portnoy (born April 20, 1967) is an American musician best known as the drummer, backing vocalist, and co-founder of the progressive metal band Dream Theater.

In September 2010, Portnoy announced his departure from Dream Theater after 25 years, with Mike Mangini succeeding him as the band’s drummer. In October 2023, 13 years after his departure, the band announced his return. Both before and during his time away from Dream Theater, Portnoy remained active with a variety of bands and projects, including Adrenaline Mob, Avenged Sevenfold, Transatlantic, Yellow Matter Custard, Flying Colors, the Winery Dogs, Liquid Tension Experiment, Metal Allegiance, Sons of Apollo, the Neal Morse Band, and BPMD.
Balbinot 1
Balbinot I is a low-luminosity globular cluster in the constellation of Pegasus. It is located
31.9 kpc away from the Sun, in the Milky Way galactic halo. Its total luminosity is similar to that of the clusters AM 4 and Koposov I, thus being one of the faintest globular clusters known. From Pan-STARRS data, the presence of tidal tails has been suggested.

Galactic halo
A galactic halo is an extended, roughly spherical component of a galaxy which extends beyond the main, visible component. Several distinct components of a galaxy comprise its halo:

the stellar halo

the galactic corona (hot gas, i.e. a plasma)

the dark matter halo

The distinction between the halo and the main body of the galaxy is clearest in spiral galaxies, where the spherical shape of the halo contrasts with the flat disc. In an elliptical galaxy, there is no sharp transition between the other components of the galaxy and the halo.

A halo can be studied by observing its effect  on the passage of light from distant bright objects like quasars that are in line of sight beyond the galaxy in question.
Divinity: Original Sin
Divinity: Original Sin is a role-playing video game developed and published by Larian Studios. The fourth main entry in the Divinity game series, it is a prequel to the original game Divine Divinity, and to the other main games in the series. It was first released on Microsoft Windows on 30 June 2014.

Partially funded through Kickstarter, the game ships with the editor that created it, allowing players to create their own single player and multiplayer adventures and publish them online. A re-release titled Divinity: Original Sin - Enhanced Edition, featuring an expanded storyline and new gameplay options, was released on Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Linux, and OS X in 2015. The game received acclaim from critics, with many praising its ability to modernize the RPG genre. A sequel, Divinity: Original Sin II, was released in 2017.

Single-player video game
A single-player video game is a video game where input from only one player is expected throughout the gameplay. Video games in general can feature several game modes, including single-player modes designed to be played by a single player in addition to multi-player modes.

Most modern console games, PC games and arcade games are designed so that they can be played by a single player; although many of these games have modes that allow two or more players to play (not necessarily simultaneously), very few actually require more than one player for the game to be played. The Unreal Tournament series is one example of such.
Projective Set (game)
Projective Set (sometimes shortened to ProSet) is a real-time card game derived from the older game Set.
The deck contains cards consisting of colored dots; some cards are laid out on the table and players attempt to find "Sets" among them.
The word projective comes from the game's relation to projective spaces over the finite field with two elements.

Projective Set has been studied mathematically as well as played recreationally.
It has been a popular game at Canada/USA Mathcamp.

GF(2)
GF(2) (also denoted , Z/2Z or ) is the finite field with two elements.

GF(2) is the field with the smallest possible number of elements, and is unique if the additive identity and the multiplicative identity are denoted respectively 0 and 1, as usual.

The elements of GF(2) may be identified with the two possible values of a bit and to the Boolean values true and false. It follows that GF(2) is fundamental and ubiquitous in computer science and its logical foundations.
Lavreotiki
Lavreotiki (Greek: Λαυρεωτική) is a municipality at the southeasternnmost tip of the Attica peninsula in the Greek regional unit of East Attica. Its municipal seat is the town of Lavrio.

It is historically important as a significant ancient mining district, most notably in the villages of Lavrio and Thorikos on the southeastern seaboard during the 6th, 5th, and 4th centuries BCE. As such it financed the wealth of Athens and the emergence of the Athenian Empire through the slave-powered mining efforts for silver and lead, beginning with the discovery of 2 deep-vein mining efforts during the 480's.  Prior to that development, which at Themistocles urging in 483 BC led to the expansion of the Athenian fleet to 200 ships, only surface-mining was deployed as a technique for harvesting silver.  More than 250 ore washeries have been identified by archaeologists and geologists in the district.

Mines of Laurion
The mines of Laurion (or Lavrion) are ancient mines located in southern Attica between Thorikos and Cape Sounion, approximately 50 kilometers south of the center of Athens, in Greece.  The mines are best known for producing silver, but they were also a source of copper and lead.  A number of remnants of these mines (shafts, galleries, surface workshops) are still present in the region.

The mines were exploited in prehistoric times as a source of copper and galena, a lead ore.  In the classical period, mining in the area resumed.  The Athenians used large numbers of slaves to mine the area, with the silver produced contributing significantly to the city's wealth.  Abandoned in the 1st century BC, the mines were reactivated in 1864 and mined for their lead by French and Greek companies until 1978.
Katti Batti
Katti Batti (transl. Sometimes enemies, sometimes friends) is a 2015 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy film directed, co-produced, and written by Nikhil Advani and produced by Siddharth Roy Kapur under UTV Motion Pictures and Emmay Entertainment. The film stars Imran Khan and Kangana Ranaut in the lead roles. The film marked the final film appearance of Imran Khan for over ten years, before his cameo in Happy Patel: Khatarnak Jasoos (2026).

Siddharth Roy Kapur
Siddharth Roy Kapur (born 2 August 1974) is an Indian film producer and the founder of Roy Kapur Films. He is the former managing director of The Walt Disney Company India and the former president of the Producers Guild of India in a tenure lasting six terms (2016–22).

He has featured for eight consecutive years (2017-2024) on Variety’s annual list of the Top 500 Most Influential People in Global Entertainment, has been part of The Economic Times Top 40 Indian Business Leaders Under 40 and The Hollywood Reporter Next Generation Asia Inaugural Class of Young Leaders. In 2023, Siddharth was invited to be a member of the prestigious Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS).
Carberry, East Lothian
Carberry is a village in East Lothian, Scotland, United Kingdom, is situated off the A6124 road, a mile east of Whitecraig, two miles south east of Musselburgh, and 2 miles north east of Dalkeith.

On 20 September 1745 Charles Edward Stuart set off from Duddingston with his troops via Carberry to meet the Hanoverian army for the Battle of Prestonpans.

Musselburgh
Musselburgh (/ˈmʌsəlbərə/; Scots: Musselburrae; Scottish Gaelic: Baile nam Feusgan) is the largest settlement in East Lothian, Scotland, on the coast of the Firth of Forth, five miles (eight kilometres) east of Edinburgh city centre. It had a population of 
21,100 as of 2020.
Lake Zurich, Illinois
Lake Zurich is a village in Lake County, Illinois, United States, a northwest suburb of Chicago. Per the 2020 census, the population was 19,759. The village is named after a body of water named "Lake Zurich," which is completely located inside the village.

Leo Burnett
Leo Burnett (October 21, 1891 – June 7, 1971) was an American advertising executive and the founder of Leo Burnett Company, Inc. He was responsible for creating some of advertising's most well-known characters and campaigns of the 20th century, including Tony the Tiger, the Marlboro Man, the Maytag Repairman, United's "Fly the Friendly Skies", and Allstate's "Good Hands", and for garnering relationships with multinational clients such as McDonald's, Hallmark and Coca-Cola. In 1999, Burnett was named by Time as one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century.
The Birthday Party (video)
The Birthday Party is a 1985 live video by Motörhead. It features the band's 10th anniversary show at the Hammersmith Odeon in London, England. During the performance of "Motörhead" the band were joined onstage by all of the past members (with the exception of Larry Wallis, who appeared at the first of the two anniversary shows but not at the second, which was when the concert was recorded), and Thin Lizzy bassist Phil Lynott.

It was also released in CD format in 1990 by Enigma Records, albeit with an edited track listing and running order. A DVD reissue was published on 2007 by SRP.

Motorhead (song)
"Motorhead" is a song written by Ian "Lemmy" Kilmister while he was a member of the English space rock band Hawkwind. It was later recorded by (and was the eponym for) Motörhead, as he called it this instead of Bastard on his then manager's advice.
Kassim Mwamzandi
Kassim Bakari Mwamzandi was a Kenyan politician belonging to the Mijikenda ethnic group. He was KANU MP for the Msambweni Constituency from 1988 to 1997. He resided in Msambweni. Before entering politics at 23 years old, Mwamzandi served as a clerk in the African court. Serving in the regimes of Jomo Kenyatta and Daniel arap Moi, from 1975 he acted as an assistant minister in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Energy Ministry, Water Development and then the Ministry of Public Works. He died on 21 December 2023.

Msambweni Constituency
Msambweni Constituency is an electoral constituency in Kenya. It is one of four constituencies in Kwale County. The constituency has ten wards, all electing councillors for the Kwale County Council. The constituency was established for the 1988 elections.
Maduru Oya Dam
The Maduru Oya Dam is an irrigation dam built across the Maduru Oya. The embankment dam measures 1,090 m (3,580 ft) in length, 41 m (135 ft) in height, and creates the Maduru Oya Reservoir. The reservoir has a catchment area of 453 km2 (175 sq mi) and a storage capacity of 596,000,000 cubic metres (2.10×1010 cu ft) The proposed Maduru Oya Solar Power Station is to be built over the surface of the Maduru Oya reservoir.

Maduru Oya
The Maduru Oya is a major stream in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka. It is approximately 135 km (84 mi) in length. Its catchment area receives approximately 3,060 million cubic metres of rain per year, and approximately 26 percent of the water reaches the sea, as it flows into the Indian Ocean. It has a catchment area of 1,541 square kilometres.
Rose Valley, Washington
Rose Valley is an unincorporated community in Cowlitz County, Washington, southeast of the city of Kelso. Rose Valley is located south on Old Pacific Highway from exit 36 of Interstate 5, then east on Rose Valley Road. The Rose Valley community is part of the Kelso School District, a K-12 school district of nearly 5,000 students.

K–12
K–12 (from kindergarten to twelfth grade) is an English language expression that indicates the range of years of publicly supported primary and secondary education found in the United States and Canada, which is similar to publicly supported school grades before tertiary education in several other countries, such as  Armenia, Australia, China, Ecuador, Egypt, India, Iran, the Philippines, South Korea, and Turkey. K–12 refers to the American system which affords authority to local intersectional "districts" which may be specific to a municipality, county, or several regions, depending on population and proximity.
Kingdom of Namatota
The Kingdom of Namatota was an Islamic kingdom that once existed in what is now Kaimana Regency from the 16th century until the early 20th century. The center of power of the Namatota Kingdom was located on Namatota Island, and its territory covered the area from Arguni Bay to Umar Bay. The Namatota Kingdom maintained political relations with the Sultanate of Tidore. The inhabitants of the Namatota Kingdom spoke the Irarutu language. In Namatota, Islam was used as an identity to legitimize the ruler’s authority and the kingdom did not have religious institutions to the dissemination of its teachings.

Irarutu language
Irarutu, Irahutu, or Kasira is an Austronesian language of most of the interior of the Bomberai Peninsula of north-western New Guinea in Teluk Bintuni Regency. The name Irarutu comes from the language itself, where ira conjoins with ru to create 'their voice'. When put together with tu, which on its own means 'true', the meaning of the name becomes 'Their true voice' or 'The people's true language'.

Kuri is very close lexically, but has not been formally classified. Other than this, Irarutu is quite divergent compared to the South Halmahera–West New Guinea languages, and may not be part of it. Previously, Irarutu was considered to belong to the South Halmahera subgroup of Austronesian languages, but more recently, Grimes and Edwards place Irarutu within the Kei-Tanimbar languages.

There are seven variations found within the language: Nabi, Babo, Kasuri, Fruata, South-Arguni, East-Arguni, North-Arguni.
2003 Ford 300
The 2003 Ford 300 was the 34th and final race of the 2003 NASCAR Busch Series and the 9th iteration of this event. The race was held at Homestead–Miami Speedway in Homestead, Florida. The race had six drivers contend for the Busch Series championship. Greg Biffle won the pole while Jamie McMurray led the most laps but it was Kasey Kahne taking home his first ever win of his whole NASCAR career. In the championship battle, Brian Vickers won the championship, his first and only in the Busch Series at the age of 20 years old becoming the youngest driver to ever win the Busch Series Championship until Chase Elliott broke the record in 2014 at the age of 18.

Jason Keller
Jason Keller (born April 23, 1970) is an American former professional stock car racing driver. Previously, he was a mainstay in NASCAR's second-tier series, competing in 519 Nationwide Series races between 1991 and 2010. On May 15, 2010, Keller made his five-hundredth career start, the first driver in series history to do so.
Theme of Ohrid
The Theme of Ohrid or Achrida (Greek: Θέμα Οχρίδας) was a administrative division of the Byzantine Empire (Theme), one of the smaller and frontier Themes, which were also called Strategides.

The Theme included the region of Ohrid, in modern day North Macedonia, and its general was subordinated to the Dux of the Bulgarian Theme.

Known commandants or strategos:

Gonitziatis, 1015 - 1018

Eustathios Daphnomeles, 1018 - ?

Marianos, 1071 - 1078

Eustathios Daphnomeles
Eustathios Daphnomeles (Greek: Εὐστάθιος Δαφνομήλης, fl. early 11th century) was a Byzantine strategos and patrician who distinguished himself in the Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria. He ranks as one of the most prominent and successful generals in the thirty-year war between Emperor Basil II (r. 976–1025) and Samuel of Bulgaria (r. 997–1014), helping to end the long conflict by blinding and capturing the last Bulgarian leader, Ibatzes, in 1018.
Valentín Zubizarreta y Unamunsaga
Valentín de la Asunción Zubizarreta y Unamunsaga, OCD (Etxebarria, 2 November 1862 – 26 February 1948) was a Cuban prelate of the Catholic Church, born in the Basque Country. He served as Bishop of Camagüey from 1914 to 1922, Bishop of Cienfuegos from 1922 to 1925, and Archbishop of Santiago de Cuba from 1925 to 1948.

Basque Country (greater region)
The Basque Country (Basque: Euskal Herria; Spanish: País Vasco; French: Pays basque; Occitan: Pais Basco) is the name given to the home of the Basque people. The Basque Country is located in the western Pyrenees, straddling the border between France and Spain on the coast of the Bay of Biscay.

Encompassing the Autonomous Communities of the Basque Country and Navarre in Spain and the Northern Basque Country in France, the region is home to the Basque people (Basque: Euskaldunak), their language (Basque: Euskara), culture and traditions. The area is neither linguistically nor culturally homogeneous, and certain areas have a majority of people who do not consider themselves Basque, such as the south of Navarre. The concept is still highly controversial, and the Supreme Court of Navarre has upheld a denial of government funding to school books that include the Navarre community within the Basque Country area.
Harward
Harward is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Harward (1723–1802), Anglican priest

Donald West Harward, American philosopher, author, and academic administrator

John Harward (1858–1932), British educationist and Principal of Royal College Colombo

Robert Harward, American defense contractor for Lockheed Martin

Robert Harward (MP) (d. c. 1534), English politician

Samuel Harward (c. 1740–1809), English printer

William Harward (d. 1589), Canon of Windsor

Robert Harward (MP)
Robert Harward (by 1482 – 1533/1534) was an English politician.

He was Mayor of Leicester for 1521–22 and elected a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Leicester in 1529.

On his death in office as MP he was buried in St. Martin's church, Leicester. He had married Margaret, the daughter of John Wigston of Leicester, and had 2 sons and a daughter.
Kakhib
Kakhib (Russian: Кахиб) is a rural locality (a selo) in Shamilsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population: 1,733 (2021 Census); 1,197 (2002 Census); 899 (1989 Soviet census). There are 5 streets in this selo.

Shamilsky District
Shamilsky District (Russian: Шамильский райо́н; Avar: Шамилил мухъ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the western central part of the republic. The area of the district is 920 square kilometers (360 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Khebda. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 28,122, with the population of Khebda accounting for 9.1% of that number.
Thierhaupten
Thierhaupten (German pronunciation: [tiːɐ̯ˈhaʊptn̩]) is a market town in south-central Germany in the district of Augsburg (district) in the Swabia administrative region of Bavaria, and is located at the Lech Valley.

Regierungsbezirk
A Regierungsbezirk (German pronunciation: [ʁeˈɡiːʁʊŋsbəˌtsɪʁk] ⓘ, pl. Regierungsbezirke, German pronunciation: [ʁeˈɡiːʁʊŋsbəˌtsɪʁkə], lit. 'governmental district') is a type of administrative division in Germany. Currently, four of the sixteen Länder (states of Germany) are split into Regierungsbezirke, each in turn split into rural or urban districts.

Regierungsbezirke serve as regional mid-level local government units in four of Germany's sixteen states: Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia. Each of the nineteen Regierungsbezirke features a non-legislative governing body called a Regierungspräsidium (governing presidium) or Bezirksregierung (district government) headed by a Regierungspräsident (governing president), concerned mostly with administrative decisions on a local level for districts within its jurisdiction. Saxony has Direktionsbezirke (directorate districts) with more responsibilities shifted from the state parliament.