hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lorentz invariance in loop quantum gravity
In relativistic physics, Lorentz invariance states that the laws of physics should remain unchanged under Lorentz transformation. In quantum gravity, Lorentz invariance measures the universal features in the hypothetical loop quantum gravity universes; which is a hypothetical theory that explains the quantum theory of gravity based on a geometrical interpretation of the theory of relativity. The various hypothetical design models for the universe, multiverse, and loop quantum gravity could have various general covariant principle results.

Because loop quantum gravity can model universes, space-gravity theories are contenders to build and answer unification theory. The Lorentz invariance helps grade the spread of universal features throughout a proposed multiverse in time.

Lorentz scalar
In a relativistic theory of physics, a Lorentz scalar is a scalar expression whose value is invariant under any Lorentz transformation. A Lorentz scalar may be generated from, for example, the scalar product of vectors, or by contracting a tensor. While the components of the contracted quantities may change under Lorentz transformations, the Lorentz scalars remain unchanged.

A simple Lorentz scalar in Minkowski spacetime is the spacetime distance ("length" of their difference) of two fixed events in spacetime. While the "position"-4-vectors of the events change between different inertial frames, their spacetime distance remains invariant under the corresponding Lorentz transformation. Other examples of Lorentz scalars are the "length" of a 4-velocity (see below), or the Ricci curvature at a point in spacetime in general relativity, which is a contraction of the Riemann curvature tensor.
Catalyst (novel)
Catalyst is a 2002 novel by American writer Laurie Halse Anderson, published September 2002 by Viking Press.

The book tells the story of Kate Malone, a preacher's daughter and high school student who is excellent in chemistry and aspires to attend the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), but faces multiple tragic circumstances, ranging from rejection by MIT, to her neighbor Teri Litch's house burning down at the end of her senior year. The book is set in the same fictional setting as Anderson's previous novel Speak.

Fictional universe
A fictional universe, also known as an imagined universe or a constructed universe, is the internally consistent fictional setting used in a narrative or a work of art. This concept is most commonly associated with works of fantasy and science fiction, and can be found in various forms such as novels, comics, films, television shows, video games, and other creative works.

In science fiction, a fictional universe may be a remote alien planet or galaxy with little apparent relationship to the real world (as in the Star Wars universe). In fantasy, it may be a greatly fictionalized or invented version of Earth's distant past or future (as in The Lord of the Rings).
Chiaucingo
Chiaucingo is a city in the Cualac municipality of the state of Guerrero in Mexico. With a population of 1,331 inhabitants, it is the second largest populated settlement in Cualac. In Chiaucingo, 53.76% of adults speak an indigenous language.

Cualac (municipality)
Cualac    is a municipality in the Mexican state of Guerrero. The municipal seat lies at Cualac.  The municipality covers an area of 196.8 km2.

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 6,816.
Baisali Mohanty
Baisali Mohanty (born 5 August 1994) is an international diplomat and United Nations official, author, Indian classical dancer and analyst of foreign and public policy. She is a regular contributor on foreign policy and strategic affairs to several prestigious international publications including American business magazine Forbes, The Huffington Post, The Diplomat and openDemocracy, London.

She is the founder of Oxford Odissi Centre that is involved in promotion and training of Odissi dance at University of Oxford and other leading institutions in the United Kingdom.

She has been ALC Global Fellow for the year 2015–16 affiliated to University of Oxford.

In 2022, she was appointed as Special Envoy to Romania to coordinate evacuation from the war-hit Ukraine.

OpenDemocracy
openDemocracy is an independent media platform and news website based in the United Kingdom. Founded in 2001, openDemocracy states that through reporting and analysis of social and political issues, they seek to "challenge power and encourage democratic debate" around the world. The founders of the website have been involved with established media and political activism. The platform has been funded by grants from organisations such as Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, the Open Society Foundations, the Ford Foundation, and Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust, as well as by receiving direct donations from readers.
Prohaska
Prohaska is a surname, derived from the Czech surname Procházka. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Prohaska (born 1983), Austrian-British singer

Felix Prohaska (1912–1987), Austrian conductor

Franz Prohaska, Austrian footballer

Herbert Prohaska (born 1955), Austrian footballer

Janos Prohaska (1919–1974), Hungarian-American actor and stunt performer

Maddie Prohaska (born 2002), American soccer player

Miljenko Prohaska (1925–2014), Croatian composer and conductor

Nadine Prohaska (born 1990), Austrian footballer

Ray Prohaska (1901–1981), Montenegrin-American artist

Miljenko Prohaska
Miljenko Prohaska (17 September 1925 – 29 May 2014) was a Croatian composer, music arranger and orchestra conductor.

A respected double-bass player, He was mainly known for founding a number of prominent Croatian orchestras and for his longtime service as the conductor of the Radio Zagreb Dance Orchestra (the present-day Croatian Radiotelevision Big Band Orchestra).
Tamer Rashid
Mohamad Tamer Mamdouh Rashid (Arabic: مُحَمَّد تَامِر مَمْدُوح رَشِيد; born 15 January 1988 in Aleppo, Syria) is a Syrian footballer. He currently plays for Al-Shorta, which competes in the Syrian Premier League the top division in Syria. He plays as a striker, wearing the number 31 jersey for Al-Shorta. A product of Al-Ittihad's youth system, he made his first-team breakthrough under manager Oscar Fulloné during the 2007–08 season.

He helped Al-Ittihad reach the final of the AFC Cup the second most important association cup in Asia. Al-Ittihad won the final against Kuwaiti Premier League champions Al-Qadsia after penalties. The game was tied 1–1 after regular time and Extra Time.

2007–08 Syrian Premier League
The 2007–08 Syrian Premier League is the 37th season of the Syrian Premier League, Syria's premier football league. It began on 27 September 2007.

Al-Wathba and Qardaha were relegated from the previous season.
Afrin and Al-Nawair moved up from the Syrian League 1st Division.
Mitsuhashi, Fukuoka
Mitsuhashi (三橋町, Mitsuhashi-machi) was a town located in Yamato District, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 18,227 and a density of 1,079.16 persons per km2. The total area was 16.89 km2.

On March 21, 2005, Mitsuhashi, along with the town of Yamato (also from Yamato District), was merged into the expanded city of Yanagawa.

Mitsuhashi is the setting of the anime Hamtaro.

Hamtaro
Hamtaro, known in Japan as Trotting Hamtaro (とっとこハム太郎, Tottoko Hamutarō), is a Japanese children's manga and storybook series created and illustrated by Ritsuko Kawai about a hamster named Hamtaro. The manga was serialized in Shogakukan's Shōgaku Ninensei (Second Grade) magazine in April 1997; more Hamtaro stories would later be added into the other grade-level magazines, as well as in Ciao. The series focuses on a hamster named Hamtaro, who has a variety of adventures with other hamsters known as the "Ham-Hams" ("Hamuchans" in the Japanese version). Viz Media published the manga adaptations and storybooks in English.

Multiple anime adaptations were produced by TMS Entertainment and aired on TV Tokyo. The first series was dubbed in English by The Ocean Group.
Walter D. Valentine Cottage B
The Walter D. Valentine Cottage B, constructed in 1912, was a single-family Craftsman style building commissioned by Walter D. Valentine for construction in Altadena, California. Between 1922 and 1924, Henry Greene (of the architectural firm Greene and Greene) expanded the cabin's footprint.

On January 25, 2025, Los Angeles Conservancy confirmed that the cottage was one of more than 12,000 structures damaged in the January 2025 Southern California wildfires, specifically the Eaton Fire.

Altadena, California
Altadena (/ˌɑːltəˈdiːnə/pronunciationⓘAL-tə-DEE-nə) is an unincorporated area, and census-designated place in the San Gabriel Valley and the Verdugos regions of Los Angeles County, California. Directly north of Pasadena, it is located approximately 14 miles (23 km) from Downtown Los Angeles. Its population was 42,846 at the 2020 census, up slightly from a 2010 figure of 42,777. In early 2025, the community was severely impacted by the Eaton Fire.
Julien Maury and Alexandre Bustillo
Julien Maury (born 1978 in Paris) and Alexandre Bustillo (born 1975 in Saint-Cloud, France) are French filmmakers who work together on their projects. They are known for their work in the horror genre, and  list their influences as Dario Argento, Roman Polanski, Clive Barker and John Carpenter.

Dario Argento
Dario Argento (Italian: [ˈdaːrjo arˈdʒɛnto]; born 7 September 1940) is an Italian film director, screenwriter and producer. His influential work in the horror and giallo genres during the 1970s and 1980s has led him to being referred to as the "Master of the Thrill" and the "Master of Horror".

His films as director include his "Animal Trilogy", consisting of The Bird with the Crystal Plumage (1970), The Cat o' Nine Tails (1971) and Four Flies on Grey Velvet (1971); his "Three Mothers" trilogy, consisting of Suspiria (1977), Inferno (1980) and The Mother of Tears (2007); and his stand-alone films Deep Red (1975), Tenebrae (1982), Phenomena (1985) and Opera (1987). He co-wrote the screenplay for Sergio Leone's Once Upon a Time in the West (1968) and served as George A. Romero's script consultant on Dawn of the Dead (1978), for which he also composed the soundtrack with his long-time collaborators Goblin.
Renward Brandstetter
Renward Brandstetter (29 June 1860 – 17 April 1942) was a Swiss philologist and linguist who published about medieval and modern Swiss German and the older Swiss theatre history and studied the insular Malayo-Polynesian languages (now considered a subgroup of Austronesian languages).

History of theatre
The history of theatre charts the development of theatre over the past 2,500 years. While performative elements are present in every society, it is customary to acknowledge a distinction between theatre as an art form and entertainment, and theatrical or performative elements in other activities. The history of theatre is primarily concerned with the origin and subsequent development of the theatre as an autonomous activity. Since classical Athens in the 5th century BC, vibrant traditions of theatre have flourished in cultures across the world.
Natalie Yoffe
Natalie Yoffe Parnes (born July 18, 1985) is a Uruguayan fashion model, actress and television personality. She has developed her acting career mainly on the stage, with some appearances in television shows.

Canal 4 (Uruguayan TV channel)
Canal 4 (Canal Cuatro), previously known as Monte Carlo Televisión, is a television station located in Montevideo, Uruguay. Owned by Grupo Monte Carlo, it is the second oldest television channel in the country, beginning its broadcasts on 23 April 1961. Canal 10 started on 7 December 1956. Canal 12 was the third channel, 2 May 1962, and Canal 5, state-owned, was the last station to start broadcasting, on 19 June 1963.
Ghazizadeh
Ghazizadeh (Persian: قاضی‌زاده) is an Iranian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Amir-Hossein Ghazizadeh Hashemi (born 1971), Iranian politician

Ehsan Ghazizadeh Hashemi (born c. 1976), Iranian politician

Farnaz Ghazizadeh (born 1974), Iranian journalist

Hassan Ghazizadeh Hashemi (born 1959), Iranian combat engineer

Farnaz Ghazizadeh
Farnaz Ghazizadeh (Persian: فرناز قاضی‌زاده; born 3 December 1974) is an Iranian journalist, and BBC Persian Television presenter. She has been involved with BBC Persian Television. In 1999, she married Sina Motalebi. They have a son.
Republican Party for Liberty
The Republican Party for Liberty (French: Parti Républicain pour la Liberté, PRL) was a political party in Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso). The PRL was founded in 1959 by Nazi Boni as a reaction to the attempts by the Voltaic Democratic Union to create a one-party state. Boni built his new party largely out of the ashes of the defunct African Regroupment Party (PRA).

PRL was short-lived and failed to make any major impact. Boni went into exile in Dakar, Senegal.

Republic of Upper Volta
The Republic of Upper Volta (French: République de Haute-Volta) was a landlocked West African country established on 11 December 1958 as a self-governing state within the French Community. Before becoming autonomous, it had been part of the French Union as the French Upper Volta. On 5 August 1960, it gained full independence from France. On 4 August 1984, it changed its name to Burkina Faso.
Operation Cleanslate
During World War II, Operation Cleanslate was  the occupation of Russell Islands about sixty miles northwest of Guadalcanal by the United States on 21 February 1943. The Japanese had captured the islands in January 1943 but abandoned them after only two weeks. A coastwatcher reported on 11 February that Japanese forces had left the islands.

Coastwatchers
The Coastwatchers, also known as the Coast Watch Organisation, Combined Field Intelligence Service or Section C, Allied Intelligence Bureau, were Allied military intelligence operatives stationed on remote Pacific islands during World War II to observe enemy movements and rescue stranded Allied personnel. They played a significant role in the Pacific Ocean theatre and South West Pacific theatre, particularly as an early warning network during the Guadalcanal campaign.
Chris Martin
Christopher Anthony John Martin (born 2 March 1977) is an English singer, songwriter, musician and producer. He is best known as the vocalist, pianist and co-founder of the rock band Coldplay.

Born in Exeter, Martin went to University College London, where he formed Coldplay with Jonny Buckland, Guy Berryman and Will Champion. The band signed with Parlophone in 1999, finding global fame with Parachutes (2000) and subsequent albums. He has won seven Grammy Awards and nine Brit Awards as part of Coldplay. Having sold more than 160 million records worldwide, they are the most successful group of the 21st century. The Independent and the Evening Standard have named Martin one of the most influential figures in the United Kingdom, while American Songwriter ranked him among the best male singers of the 21st century.

American Songwriter
American Songwriter is an American bimonthly magazine covering songwriting. Established in 1984, it features interviews, songwriting tips, news, reviews and lyric contest. The magazine is based in Nashville, Tennessee.
Brud Talbot
Brud Talbot (September 16, 1938 – November 20, 1986) was an American film actor, producer, director and writer.

Talbot played George in Force of Impulse (1961), by Saul Swimmer. He appeared in Finger on the Trigger (1965) along Rory Calhoun and Todd Martin.

Talbot and Ernest Greenberg adapted the autobiography of Willie Sutton Where the Money Was into a film.

Saul Swimmer
Saul Swimmer (April 25, 1936 – March 3, 2007) was an American documentary film director and producer best known for the movie The Concert for Bangladesh (1972), the George Harrison-led Madison Square Garden show that was one of the first all-star benefits in rock music. He was also a co-producer of The Beatles' 1970 documentary Let It Be.
American wire gauge
American Wire Gauge (AWG) is a logarithmic stepped standardized wire gauge system used since 1857, predominantly in North America, for the diameters of round, solid, nonferrous, electrically conducting wire. Dimensions of the wires are given in ASTM standard B 258. The cross-sectional area of each gauge is an important factor for determining its current-carrying capacity.

Standardization
Standardization (American English) or standardisation (British English) is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization can help maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, efficiency, and quality. It can also facilitate a normalization of formerly custom processes.

In social sciences, including economics, the idea of standardization is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. Divergent national standards impose costs on consumers and can be a form of non-tariff trade barrier.
Taxi Ride
"Taxi Ride" is a song by American recording artist Tori Amos from her seventh studio album Scarlet's Walk (2002). The song was released as the album's second single in January 2003. It was written, composed and produced by Amos. The song is a folk pop track, which features instrumentation of electric guitars, drums, bongos, and acoustic guitar. The track was her second offering after departing from Atlantic Records and signed with Epic Records.

"Taxi Ride" received positive reviews from music critics, who complimented the song's production and lyrical delivery. The song charted at thirty-five on the Adult Top 40 and Radio & Records chart in the US. Amos has performed the song on several tours she has commissioned.

Adult Pop Airplay
The Adult Pop Airplay (formerly known as Adult Pop Songs and Adult Top 40) chart is published weekly by Billboard magazine and ranks "the most popular adult top 40 as based on radio airplay detections measured by Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems."

It is a format in which the genre is geared more towards an adult audience who are not into hard rock, hip hop, or soft adult contemporary fare. The main genres within this format are a mix of soft and energetic adult contemporary music alongside adult alternative rock and adult-oriented pop music. It is not to be confused with the Adult Contemporary chart which contains more ballad-driven songs played on the radio. The current number-one song on the chart is "Opalite" by Taylor Swift.
Tom Bright
Tom Bright Amooti (born November 12, 1981) is a Ugandan politician from the National Resistance Movement. He is the MP for Kyaka Central constituency in Kyegegwa District. He is a member of the 11th parliament. He also represented the same Constituency in the 10th Parliament. His a member of the National Resistance Movement the ruling political party in Uganda.

Parliament of Uganda
The Parliament of Uganda is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Uganda. One of its primary functions is to pass laws that support effective governance in the country. Government ministers are required to answer to the people's representatives on the floor of the house and may be appointed from amongst its members.

Through the various parliamentary committees, parliament scrutinises government programmes, particularly as outlined in the State of the Nation address by the president. Fiscal matters, such as taxation and loans, require parliamentary approval after appropriate debate.Parliament also holds the authority to confirm certain presidential nominations and, through a motion of censure, may compel a Minister to resign.
Birutė Ciplijauskaitė
Birutė Ciplijauskaitė (11 April 1929 in Kaunas – 19 June 2017) was a Lithuanian literary scholar and translator. She is considered one of the greatest Hispanists in American academia in the twentieth century.

The daughter of physician and gynecologist, director of Klaipėda hospital, she attended Kaunas Conservatory and fled Lithuania during World War II. She graduated from the University of Tübingen in 1956 and then the University of Montreal. She received her PhD in Spanish and French from Bryn Mawr College in 1960. Her dissertation, that she wrote under the supervision of Spanish philosopher Jose Ferrater Mora, explored the topic of 'soledad' in twentieth-century Spanish poetry.

Ciplijauskaitė taught Spanish at the University of Wisconsin–Madison from 1960 until 2000, and was a professor from 1968. Ciplijauskaitė has been an adviser for the Lithuanian-American cultural journal Lituanus.

Jorge Guillén
Jorge Guillén Álvarez (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈxoɾxe ɣiˈʎen]; 18 January 1893 – 6 February 1984) was a Spanish poet, a member of the Generation of '27, a university teacher, a scholar and a literary critic.

In 1957–1958, he delivered the Charles Eliot Norton lectures at Harvard University, which were published in 1961 under the title Language and Poetry: Some Poets of Spain. The final lecture was a tribute to his colleagues in the Generation of '27.
In 1983, he was named Hijo Predilecto de Andalucía. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature four times.
Rietz
For the musician, see Julius Rietz.

Rietz (German pronunciation: [ʁiˈə̯t͡s] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Imst district, Austria, and is located 23 km east of Imst and 4 km west of Telfs on the southern shore of the Inn River. It is a peculiarity that the village has no sun during winter time because of the height of the Stubai Alps. The village is mentioned in documents dating from the year 1264 and has been a community since the year 1325. The main source of income is tourism.

Julius Rietz
August Wilhelm Julius Rietz (28 December 1812 – 12 September 1877) was a German composer, conductor, cellist, and teacher. His students included Woldemar Bargiel, Salomon Jadassohn, Arthur O'Leary, and (by far the most celebrated) Sir Arthur Sullivan. He also edited many works by Felix Mendelssohn for publication.
2025 FIVB Women's Volleyball Nations League
The 2025 FIVB Women's Volleyball Nations League was the seventh edition of the FIVB Women's Volleyball Nations League, an annual women's international volleyball tournament. It was held between June and July 2025, and the final round took place at the Atlas Arena in Łódź, Poland.

Following the results of the 2024 Challenger Cup, Czech Republic make their debut this edition, while Belgium made their comeback as the top FIVB ranked team.

Italy won their third VNL title after defeating Brazil in the final. Poland claimed their third consecutive bronze medal after defeating Japan in the 3rd place match. Monica De Gennaro of Italy was named the MVP of the tournament.

Brazil women's national volleyball team
The Brazil women's national volleyball team is administered by the Confederação Brasileira de Voleibol (CBV) and takes part in international volleyball competitions. With a tally of 46 titles the Brazil women's volleyball national team is one of the most successful national teams of all time. They have won 6 olympic medals including two gold medals, in the 2008 Summer Olympics and in 2012 Summer Olympics. They also hold the record of FIVB World Grand Prix championship titles having won the competition 12 times. In regional competitions they have won gold four times in the Pan American Games, and have 23 titles in the Women's South American Volleyball Championship.

The most successful coaches for Brazil are Bernardo Rezende, who led the team from 1990 to 2000, and José Roberto Guimarães, who has managed the team since 2004. Currently the team is ranked second in the FIVB World Rankings as of June 2025.