hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zermelo's navigation problem
In mathematical optimization, Zermelo's navigation problem, proposed in 1931 by Ernst Zermelo, is a classic optimal control problem that deals with a boat navigating on a body of water, originating from a point  to a destination point . The boat is capable of a certain maximum speed, and the goal is to derive the best possible control to reach  in the least possible time.

Without considering external forces such as current and wind, the optimal control is for the boat to always head towards . Its path then is a line segment from  to  , which is trivially optimal. With consideration of current and wind, if the combined force applied to the boat is non-zero the control for no current and wind does not yield the optimal path.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Steppin' Out of Line
Steppin' Out of Line is a song by Elvis Presley. It was recorded for Presley's 1961 film "Blue Hawaii". However, the song was cut from the finished film and did not appear on the film's soundtrack. Instead, "Steppin' Out of Line" was used as track 5 on Presley's Pot Luck album. In 1997, the “Blue Hawaii” soundtrack was re-released with several bonus tracks, including "Steppin' Out of Line".

Blue Hawaii
Blue Hawaii is a 1961 American musical romantic comedy drama film directed by Norman Taurog and starring Elvis Presley. The screenplay by Hal Kanter was nominated by the Writers Guild of America in 1962 in the category of Best Written American Musical. The film opened at number two in box-office receipts for that week and, despite mixed reviews from critics, finished as the 10th top-grossing film of 1961 and 14th for 1962 in the Variety national box office survey, earning $5 million. The film won a fourth place prize Laurel Award in the category of Top Musical of 1961.
Volleyball at the Philippine National Games
The POC-PSC Philippine National Games (PNG) is a multi-sport tournament in the Philippines. It includes the sport of Indoor and Beach Volleyball for both men and women. 
The most recent title holders were the Philippine Air Force Air Men and Women for Indoor Volleyball for both men's and women's title while University of Santo Tomas Kris Roy Guzman and Mark Gil Alfafara, and Flormel Rodriguez and Therese Ramos of CEBU won the men's and women's beach volleyball respectively.

Philippine National Games
The Philippine National Games officially known as the POC-PSC Games is a national multi-sport tournament in the Philippines. It was created as a means to determine the possible composition of national pool athletes that will compete in international tournaments such as the Southeast Asian Games, Asian Games and the Olympics.
Diana Ross & the Supremes: 20 Golden Greats
20 Golden Greats is a 1977 compilation album by Diana Ross & the Supremes, released on the Motown label in the United Kingdom. The release spent seven weeks at number one on the UK Albums Chart, selling over 1,000,000 copies. Despite the album's title and that Ross & the Supremes had scored 21 UK chart hit singles, the compilation included two tracks that had never been hit singles in the UK: "My World Is Empty Without You" and "Love Is Like an Itching in My Heart", which were top 10 hits on the US Hot 100. All the other 18 tracks had made the UK singles chart. The three other hits scored by the group in partnership with The Temptations, were all excluded.

Motown expanded the track list to include hits from The Supremes after Ross left the trio in 1970, also including her solo work up to 1981, for the 1998 40 Golden Motown Greats CD. The same album artwork was used and this collection earned a gold disc for sales exceeding 100,000 copies.

Johnny Bristol
John William Bristol (February 3, 1939 – March 21, 2004) was an American musician, most famous as a songwriter and record producer for the Motown label in the late 1960s and early 1970s. He was a native of Morganton, North Carolina, about which he wrote an eponymous song. His composition "Love Me for a Reason" saw global success when covered by the Osmonds including a number one on the UK charts in 1974. His most famous solo recording was "Hang On in There Baby" recorded in 1974, which reached the top ten in the United States and number 3 in the United Kingdom. Both singles were in the UK top 5 simultaneously.
Gondwanothrix
Gondwanothrix halsei is a species of small crustaceans (ca. 1.0–1.3 millimetres or 0.039–0.051 inches) within the order Anomopoda, placed in its own family, Gondwanotrichidae. It exists in a macrotrichid habitus found in humic coastal dune lakes and swamps in southwest Western Australia. The species' type locality is Angove Lake in the Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve (34°56′32″S 118°9′54″E﻿ / ﻿34.94222°S 118.16500°E﻿ / -34.94222; 118.16500).

South West (Western Australia)
The South West region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia. It has an area of 23,970 square kilometres (9,250 sq mi), and a population of about 170,000 people. Bunbury is the main city in the region.
Reflections (Paul van Dyk album)
Reflections is the fourth studio album by German music producer and DJ Paul van Dyk. It was released on 7 October 2003 by Urban Records, Positiva Records and Mute Records. The album received a Grammy Award nomination in the category Best Dance/Electronica Album.

Urban Records
Urban Records is a German record label subsidiary of Universal Music Group. The label was founded in 1993 by Sascha Basler as a sub-label of Polydor Germany. In 1994, Urban became a sub-label of Motor Music and in 1995 Urban was Germany's most successful dance label.

In 1999, Urban Records became part of Universal Records as a result of a merger between PolyGram-Universal and Universal Music GmbH. Universal decided to merge Urban/Universal Records with the rap label Def Jam Germany into the Urban Def Jam label group.

Artists who have recorded for Urban Records include Frank Ocean, The Weeknd, Dua Lipa, Ed Sheeran Ezhel, Pashanim, 2Bona, Joje, Ozan Çolakoğlu, Tarkan, Panjabi MC, Antique, Barcode Brothers, Zascha Moktan, 3 Man Island, and Shaft.
Dalal Al-Bizri
Dalal Al-Bizri (Arabic: دلال البزري) is a Lebanese researcher, writer, and lecturer.  She was born in Lebanon, lived for more than ten years in Cairo in Egypt where she conducted researches on sociology before going back to settle in Beirut again after the Arab Uprising.

Al-Bizri was the director of the review "Bāḥit̲āt" published by the Union of Lebanese Women Researchers in 1994. She is a regular columnist in several media such as Courrier International, Al-Mustaqbal, and Nawafidh.

Courrier International
Courrier International (French pronunciation: [kuʁje ɛ̃tɛʁnɑsjɔnal]; lit. 'International Mail') is a Paris-based French weekly newspaper which translates and publishes excerpts of articles from over 900 international newspapers. It also has a Portuguese and a Japanese edition. Courrier Japon was launched on 17 November 2005 and is published by Kodansha Limited.

Its headquarters is located in Paris.
Muhammad Munawar Khan
Sir Muhammad Munawar Ali Khan KCIE (died 3 January 1903) was the 4th Prince of Arcot from 1889 to 1903.

Muhammad Munawar Khan was the nephew of Intizam-ul-Mulk, the third Prince of Arcot, and succeeded his uncle in May 1889. The Prince of Arcos was the leader of the Muslim community of the Madras Presidency, a position including duties he ′zealously and jealously discharged′. He was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE) in the 1897 Diamond Jubilee Honours. He was exempted from appearing in civil courts. Khan ruled until his death in early 1903, in Delhi while attending the 1903 Delhi Durbar to celebrate the coronation of King Edward VII. He was buried in Madras.

Khan was succeeded by his eldest son Ghulam Muhammad Ali Khan (1882–1952) as 5th Prince of Arcot, who was in turn succeeded by his brother Ghulam Mohiuddin Khan (1890–1969) as 6th Prince of Arcot.

Arcot, Tamil Nadu
Arcot (Tamil: Ārkāḍu, IPA: [aːrkːaːɖɯ]) is a town, part of Vellore metropolitan area and urban area of Ranipet district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located on the southern banks of Palar River, the city straddles a trade route between Chennai and Bangalore or Salem, between the Mysore Ghat and the Javadi Hills  (Javvadhu malai). It forms a Tri-City with the adjacent municipalities of Walajapet and Ranipet.
2016 Mid-American Conference baseball tournament
The 2016 Mid-American Conference baseball tournament was held May 25–29.  The top eight regular season finishers of the conference's 11 teams, regardless of division, met in the double-elimination tournament held at All Pro Freight Stadium in Avon, Ohio.  The seventh-seeded Western Michigan Broncos won the tournament to earn the conference's automatic bid to the 2016 NCAA Division I baseball tournament. It marked the first championship game appearance and tournament title for the Broncos.

ForeFront Field
ForeFront Field is a baseball stadium in Avon, Ohio, United States. It is the home of the Lake Erie Crushers, a Frontier League team that began play in 2009.  The ballpark has a capacity of 5,000 people and opened on June 2, 2009, with the Crushers defeating the Windy City Thunderbolts, 5–2. Since opening, the facility has been known by multiple names, including All Pro Freight Stadium from 2009 to 2017, Sprenger Stadium from 2017 to 2019, Mercy Health Stadium from 2021 to 2023 and Crushers Stadium from 2023 to 2025. In addition to Crushers games it has also hosted a number of additional events, particularly in college baseball. Beginning in 2026, the ballpark is scheduled to be the home field for Lorain County Leviathan FC of USL League Two.
Trygve Thorsen
Anders Trygve Wittenstrøm Stålhandske Thorsen, (15 January 1892 – 24 October 1965) was a Norwegian sculptor.

He was born in Arendal. He was known mainly for his busts and reliefs. He sculpted portraits of Hulda Garborg, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Karoline Bjørnson, and Christian Magnus Sinding-Larsen, among others.

Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson
Bjørnstjerne Martinius Bjørnson (/ˈbjɜːrnsən/ BYURN-sən, Norwegian: [ˈbjø̂ːɳstjæːɳə mɑrˈtiːnɪʉ̂s ˈbjø̂ːɳsɔn]; 8 December 1832 – 26 April 1910) was a Norwegian writer who received the 1903 Nobel Prize in Literature "as a tribute to his noble, magnificent and versatile poetry, which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit". The first Norwegian Nobel laureate, he was a prolific polemicist and extremely influential in Norwegian public life and Scandinavian cultural debate. Bjørnson is considered to be one of the four great Norwegian writers, alongside Ibsen, Lie, and Kielland. He is also celebrated for his lyrics to the Norwegian national anthem, "Ja, vi elsker dette landet". The composer Fredrikke Waaler based a composition for voice and piano (Spinnersken) on a text by Bjørnson, as did Anna Teichmüller (Die Prinzessin).
Scrapped Princess
Scrapped Princess (Japanese: スクラップド・プリンセス, Hepburn: Sukurappudo Purinsesu) is a Japanese light novel series by Ichiro Sakaki and illustrated by Yukinobu Azumi, also known as the popular adult dōjin artist Nakayohi Mogudan. In 2003, it was adapted into an anime series produced by Bones.

Scrapped Princess is notable for its music, which is composed by Masumi Itō, and its themes. It begins as high fantasy and then quickly mixes into varying degrees of post-apocalyptic and science fiction elements through the application of Clarke's third law. The atmosphere has undertones of sadness, though many of the characters and situations are superficially light-hearted.

Clarke's three laws
British science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke formulated three adages that are known as Clarke's three laws, of which the third law is the best known and most widely cited. They are part of his ideas in his extensive writings about the future.
1951 UCI Road World Championships
The 1951 UCI Road World Championships was the 24th edition of the UCI Road World Championships. It took place on Saturday 1 and Sunday 2 September 1951 in Varese, Italy.

The amateurs had to complete 7 laps of about 24.6 kilometres on Saturday for a total distance of 172 km, the professionals on Sunday 12 laps or about 295 kilometres.

Swiss rider Ferdi Kübler became world champion in a group sprint, ahead of Italians Fiorenzo Magni and Antonio Bevilacqua. In the amateurs' race, the Italians celebrated a double success with Gianni Ghidini beating his compatriot Rino Benedetti and Dutchman Jan Plantaz in a bunch sprint.

In the same period, the 1950 UCI Track Cycling World Championships was organized in the Stade Velodromo Vigorelli in Milan, Italy.

Gianni Ghidini
Gianni Ghidini  (21 May 1930 – 21 June 1995) was a road racing cyclist from Italy. He won the silver medal in the men's team road race, alongside Dino Bruni and Vincenzo Zucconelli. Italy's fourth rider Bruno Monti also crossed the line, but didn't receive a medal because just the first three counted for the final classification. He was a professional rider from 1953 to 1956.
Naval Outlying Landing Field San Nicolas Island
Naval Outlying Landing Field San Nicolas Island or NOLF San Nicolas Island (ICAO: KNSI, FAA LID: NSI) is a military airport located on San Nicolas Island, in Ventura County, California, United States. The airport is administered by Naval Base Ventura County and is one of several Naval Outlying Landing Fields operated by the US Navy.

The airport's ICAO identifier is KNSI. Although most U.S. airports and airbases use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, NOLF San Nicolas Island is assigned NSI by the FAA, and the IATA has assigned NSI to Nsimalen International Airport in Yaoundé, Cameroon.

US Navy took over the Landing Field in January 1933 from the Civil Aeronautics Authority. Civil Aeronautics Authority built the two airstrips in the 1930s as two emergency dirt landing strips.

Ventura County, California
Ventura County (/vɛnˈtʊərə/ ⓘ) is a county located in the southern part of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 843,843. The largest city is Oxnard, California, and the county seat is the city of Ventura, California.

Ventura County comprises the Oxnard–Thousand Oaks–Ventura, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Greater Los Angeles area (Los Angeles–Long Beach, CA Combined Statistical Area). It is also considered the southernmost county along the California Central Coast.

Two of the Channel Islands are part of the county: Anacapa Island, which is the most visited island in Channel Islands National Park, and San Nicolas Island.
Radhae Unakku Kobam Aagathadi
"Radhae Unakku Kobam Aagathadi" (Please don't be angry, my darling) is a Tamil song first sung by M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar in his 1937 film Chintamani. It is the first Tamil film song to become a cult classic. The song was parodied in the 1941 film Sabapathy. An adaptation of the song was sung by T. M. Soundararajan in the film Kulamagal Radhai (1963).

Sabapathy
Sabapathy is a 1941 Indian Tamil-language comedy film directed by A. V. Meiyappan and A. T. Krishnaswamy, and produced by Meiyappan. An adaptation of Pammal Sambandha Mudaliar's farce play of the same name, the film stars T. R. Ramachandran, Kali N. Rathnam, C. T. Rajakantham and K. Sarangapani. It focuses on the antics of two dim-witted men named Sabapathy: a wealthy man and his servant. The film was released on 14 December 1941 and became a commercial success.
Tim Firkins
Tim Firkins (born January 18, 1948) is an American politician who served as the representative for the 38th district in the Kentucky House of Representatives from January 2007 to January 2011. Firkins was elected in November 2006 and ran unopposed in November 2008. He lost re-election in the Republican wave election of 2010 to Republican Michael J. Nemes.

Kentucky House of Representatives
The Kentucky House of Representatives is the lower house of the Kentucky General Assembly. It is composed of 100 Representatives elected from single-member districts throughout the Commonwealth. Not more than two counties can be joined to form a House district, except when necessary to preserve the principle of equal representation. Representatives are elected to two-year terms with no term limits. The Kentucky House of Representatives convenes at the State Capitol in Frankfort.
Shoma Sen
Shoma Sen is a women's rights activist and assistant professor and was head of the English literature department of the Nagpur University. On 8 June 2018, she was arrested by the Pune Police for her alleged involvement in the Bhima Koregaon riots.

Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University
Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University (RTMNU), formerly Nagpur University, is a public state university located in Nagpur, Maharashtra. It is one of India's oldest universities, as well as the second-oldest in Maharashtra. It is named after Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj, a spiritual leader, orator, and musician from Vidarbha. The university is a member of the Association of Indian Universities and the Association of Commonwealth Universities.
Battle of Kilthomas
The Battle of Kilthomas took place on 27 May 1798 when combined Loyalist Forces defeated a gathering of several thousand rebels in the greater Ferns/Carnew area, in one of the primary actions of the rebellion in County Wexford. This occurred at the same time as the Battle of Oulart Hill in the east of the county.

Ferns, County Wexford
Ferns (Irish: Fearna, short for Fearna Mór Maedhóg) is a historic town in north County Wexford, Ireland. It is 11 km (7 mi) north of Enniscorthy. The remains of Ferns Castle are in the centre of the town. The town is in a civil parish of the same name.
Keith Brown (New York politician)
Keith P. Brown (born July 17, 1968) is an American politician from the state of New York. A Republican, he is currently serving in the New York State Assembly, representing the 12th district, which encompasses portions of the towns of Babylon, Huntington, and Islip within Suffolk County. He assumed office in January 2021.

Islip, New York
Islip (/ˈaɪslɪp/ EYE-slip) is a town in Suffolk County, New York, United States, on the South Shore of Long Island. The population was 339,938 at the time of the 2020 census, making it the fourth most populous city or town in the New York metropolitan area. The Town of Islip also contains a smaller, unincorporated hamlet and census-designated place named Islip, which serves as the town seat.
Tarcowie, South Australia
Tarcowie (postcode 5431) is a town in South Australia. Tarcowie is an aboriginal word meaning "torrential waters". It was named by Governor Musgrave on 20 May 1875.

The dominant industry in Tarcowie is sheep farming, however in recent times wind farming may be taking over as the main industry for the town. The Tarcowie Landcare Group, an environmental organisation, is based in this town.

The Tarcowie township and southern half of the locality is in the Northern Areas Council. The northern part of the locality is in the District Council of Orroroo Carrieton. The historic former Stagg Farm Complex, located on the Tarcowie to Appila Road, is listed on the South Australian Heritage Register.

South Australian Heritage Register
The South Australian Heritage Register, also known as the SA Heritage Register, is a statutory register of historic places in South Australia. It extends legal protection regarding demolition and development under the Heritage Places Act 1993. It is administered by the South Australian Heritage Council.

As a result of the progressive abolition of the Register of the National Estate during the 2000s and the devolution of responsibility for state-significant heritage to state governments, it is now the primary statutory protection for state-level heritage-listed buildings and other sites in South Australia.
Pyhä-Häkki National Park
Pyhä-Häkki National Park (Pyhä-Häkin kansallispuisto) is a national park in Saarijärvi, Central Finland. It was established in 1956 (extended in 1982 when Kotaneva was joined to it) and covers 13 square kilometres (5 sq mi). Its foundation was planned already in the late 1930s, but the Second World War interrupted these plans.

The national park protects old Scots pine and Norway spruce copses, which started growing when Finland was still under Swedish rule, and bogs, which comprise half of the national park. The national park is the largest remaining area of virgin forest in the southern half of Finland. In addition to the pine and the spruce, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Populus tremula, and Alnus glutinosa (the latter along some creeks) are the taller tree species encountered in the national park.

Picea abies
Picea abies, the Norway spruce or European spruce, is a species of spruce native to Northern, Central and Eastern Europe.

It has branchlets that typically hang downwards, and the longest cones of any spruce, 9–17 cm long. It is very closely related to the Siberian spruce (Picea obovata), which replaces it east of the Ural Mountains, and with which it hybridises freely. The Norway spruce has a wide distribution, being planted for its wood, and is the species used as a Christmas tree in several countries around the world. It was the first gymnosperm to have its genome sequenced. The Latin specific epithet abies means "like 
Abies, Fir tree".
Farbus Mountain
Farbus Mountain is located on the provincial border of Alberta and British Columbia in Banff National Park. It was named in 1918 after Farbus, a village on the eastern slopes of Vimy Ridge in France. In the Battle of Vimy Ridge, Canadian troops retook Farbus from German control on April 9, 1917 as part of securing the Brown Line objective.

Farbus
Farbus (French pronunciation: [faʁby]) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France. It is located seven kilometres from the Canadian National Vimy Memorial dedicated to the Battle of Vimy Ridge (part of the Battle of Arras) and the missing First World War Canadian soldiers with no known grave; the Memorial is also the site of two Canadian cemeteries.
Dietrich of Apolda
Dietrich of Apolda (died 1302) was a German Dominican hagiographer, writing towards the end of the thirteenth century.

He wrote a popular life of Elizabeth of Hungary, including mythical elements such as the sorcerer Klingsor. He also wrote a lengthy life of St. Dominic, supported by Munio of Zamora.

Saint Dominic
Saint Dominic, OP (Spanish: Santo Domingo; 8 August 1170 – 6 August 1221), also known as Dominic de Guzmán (Spanish: [ɡuθˈman]), was a Castilian Catholic priest and the founder of the Dominican Order. He is the patron saint of astronomers and natural scientists, and he and his order are traditionally credited with spreading and popularizing the rosary.