hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oeneis chryxus
Oeneis chryxus, the chryxus Arctic or brown Arctic, is a butterfly of subfamily Satyrinae found in the far northwest regions of Canada and the United States. The brown Arctic has highly variable colorings, which tend toward light yellow to orange brown wings that help camouflage it against its mountainous rocky habitat. The larvae feed on local grasses and take two years to develop. This longer development period results in flights of adult brown Arctics only once every two years. The butterflies feed on nectar from various plants as their primary food source.

The males exhibit lek territoriality by defending desired territories from other males by challenging them to sparring flights for access to females. The females exhibit hilltopping behavior for finding mates, flying from meadows to higher elevated ridges where they are more likely to find males.

Climate change, as well as human activity, has been threatening the habitats of this species.

Satyrinae
The Satyrinae, the satyrines or satyrids, commonly known as the browns, are a subfamily of the Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies). They were formerly considered a distinct family, Satyridae. This group contains nearly half of the known diversity of brush-footed butterflies. The true number of the Satyrinae species is estimated to exceed 2,400.
Luke of Steiris
Luke of Steiris, also known as Luke, Luke the Younger, Luke of Hellas, Luke the Wonder-worker (Greek: Λουκάς ό θαυματουργός; 896 — 953 AD) was a Byzantine saint of the tenth century AD who lived in the themes (provinces) of Hellas and Peloponnese in Greece, and who founded the Monastery of Hosios Loukas (Venerable Luke) on the slopes of Mount Helicon, between Delphi and Levadia, near the coast of the Gulf of Corinth in Boeotia, Greece. He was one of the earliest saints to be seen levitating in prayer.

The principal source for Luke's life is an anonymous Life written by a monk of Hosios Loukas who had been one of Luke's followers. His feast day is commemorated on February 7, and the translation of his relics on May 3. His relics are preserved in his monastery of Hosios Loukas.

Theme (Byzantine district)
The themes or thémata (Greek: θέματα, thémata, singular: θέμα, théma) were the main military and administrative divisions of the Byzantine Empire. They were established in the mid-7th century in the aftermath of the Slavic migrations to the Balkans and Muslim conquests of parts of Eastern Roman territory, and replaced the earlier ancient provincial system established by Diocletian and Constantine the Great. In their origin, the first themes were created from the areas of encampment of the field armies of the East Roman army, and their names corresponded to the military units that had existed in those areas. The theme system reached its apogee in the 9th and 10th centuries, as older themes were split up and the conquest of territory resulted in the creation of new ones. The original theme system underwent significant changes in the 11th and 12th centuries, but the term remained in use as a provincial and financial circumscription until the very end of the Empire.
Foster mounting
The Foster mounting was a device fitted to some fighter aircraft of the Royal Flying Corps during the First World War. It was designed to enable a machine gun (in practice, a Lewis Gun) to fire over, rather than through the arc of the spinning propeller. It took several forms when applied to different aircraft types, but all shared the feature of a quadrant-shaped I-beam rail on which the gun could slide back and down in one movement. The primary purpose was to facilitate the changing of spent ammunition drums, but some pilots also found that the mounting permitted the gun to be fired directly upward or at an angle, permitting a fighter aircraft to attack an opponent from beneath.

Drum magazine
A drum magazine is a type of high-capacity magazine for firearms. Cylindrical in shape (similar to a drum), drum magazines store rounds in a spiral around the center of the magazine, facing the direction of the barrel. Drum magazines are contrasted with more common box-type magazines, which have a lower capacity and store rounds flat. The capacity of drum magazines varies, but is generally between 50 and 100 rounds.
Charles Wesley (baseball)
Charles Wesley (July 4, 1896 – March 5, 1944), nicknamed "Two Sides", was an American baseball player in the Negro leagues. He played from 1921 to 1939 with several teams, but he played mostly for the Birmingham Black Barons.

He played with his final team in 1930, the Louisville White Sox. He died in Panama City, Florida, on March 5, 1944.

Panama City, Florida
Panama City is a city in and the county seat of Bay County, Florida, United States. Located along U.S. Highway 98 (US 98), it is the largest city between Tallahassee and Pensacola. It is the most populous city in Bay County and a principal city of the Panama City–Panama City Beach, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area, which has a population of approximately 200,534. According to the 2020 United States census, the city's population was 32,939 (excluding Panama City Beach).
Danny Nelson
Daniel Lee Nelson (born May 3, 1975 in Simi Valley, California, U.S.) was an American professional "Mid & Current School" Bicycle Motocross (BMX) racer whose prime competitive years are from 1993 to 2003. His nickname is "Thunder".

BMX
BMX, an abbreviation for bicycle motocross or bike motocross, is a cycle sport performed on BMX bikes, either in competitive BMX racing or freestyle BMX, or else in general street or off-road recreation.
Book of Horizons
Book of Horizons is the fourth studio album by Secret Chiefs 3, released May 25, 2004. Book of Horizons was the first Secret Chiefs 3 album to reveal the satellite bands that form the actual band under their own names. Out of the seven bands only one, NT Fan, was not heard on the album at all. The other six are The Electromagnetic Azoth, UR, Ishraqiyun, Traditionalists, Holy Vehm and FORMS. Since the release of Book of Horizons the satellite bands have seen several releases of their own.

Shaker (musical instrument)
The word shaker describes various Percussive musical instruments used for creating rhythm in music.

They are called shakers because the method of creating the sound involves shaking them – moving them back and forth in the air rather than striking them. Most may also be struck for a greater accent on certain beats. Shakers are often used in rock and other popular styles of music to provide the ride pattern along with or substituting for the ride cymbal.
Regional policy
Regional policy is the sum of a series of policies formulated according to regional differences to coordinate regional relations and regional macro operation mechanism, which affects regional development at the macro level. It includes regional economic policy, regional social policy, regional environmental policy, regional political policy, regional cultural policy, etc. Regional policy aims to improve economic conditions in regions of relative disadvantage, either within a nation or within a supranational grouping such as the European Union. Additionally, a regional policy may try to address high levels of unemployment and lower-than-average per capita incomes. Its main tool is public investment.

Economic policy
The economy of governments covers the systems for setting levels of taxation, government budgets, the money supply and interest rates as well as the labour market, national ownership, and many other areas of government interventions into the economy.

Most factors of economic policy can be divided into either fiscal policy, which deals with government actions regarding taxation and spending, or monetary policy, which deals with central banking actions regarding the money supply and interest rates.

Such policies are often influenced by international institutions like the International Monetary Fund or World Bank as well as political beliefs and the consequent policies of parties.
2009 Speedway Grand Prix of Nordic
The 2009 FIM Speedway World Championship Grand Prix of Nordic will be the eighth race of the 2009 Speedway Grand Prix season. It took place on 29 August in the Vojens Speedway Center in Vojens, Denmark. Vojens was GP host between 1995 and 2002.

The first Nordic SGP was won by Andreas Jonsson, who beat Rune Holta, Kenneth Bjerre and Emil Sayfutdinov in the final.

2002 Speedway Grand Prix
The 2002 Speedway Grand Prix was the 57th edition of the official World Championship and the eighth season in the Speedway Grand Prix era used to determine the Speedway World Champion. The world title was won by Tony Rickardsson of Sweden.
B postcode area
The B postcode area, also known as the Birmingham postcode area, is a group of 79 postcode districts in central England, within 15 post towns. These cover the central portion of the West Midlands (including Birmingham, West Bromwich, Sutton Coldfield, Smethwick, Solihull, Halesowen, Cradley Heath, Oldbury and Rowley Regis), plus north-east Worcestershire (including Bromsgrove and Redditch), north and west Warwickshire (including Alcester, Studley and Henley-in-Arden), and part of south-east Staffordshire (including Tamworth) and a very small part of Leicestershire. It is the most populated postcode area in the United Kingdom, with a population of over 1.9 million.

Cradley Heath
Cradley Heath is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Sandwell, West Midlands, England. It is in the Black Country, 8 miles (13 km) west of Birmingham. The town was known for the manufacture of chains in the first half of the twentieth century.
Oscar Ratnoff
Oscar Davis Ratnoff (August 23, 1916 – May 20, 2008) was an American physician who conducted research on the process of coagulation and blood-related disorders. Ratnoff discovered the substance later known as Factor XII and was one of the primary contributors to the delineation of the exact sequence that makes up the clotting cascade. He also made notable research contributions to the understanding of the complement system and to the detection and treatment of hemophilia.

Ratnoff was a professor at the Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, served as president of the American Society of Hematology, and was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. He remained active in research at Case Western Reserve until he was 85 and he died in Cleveland a few years later.

Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine (CWRU SOM, CaseMed) is the medical school of Case Western Reserve University, a private research university in Cleveland, Ohio. It is the largest biomedical research center in Ohio, and is primarily affiliated with University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland Clinic, and the MetroHealth System.
The Stinky & Dirty Show
The Stinky & Dirty Show is an animated television series that premiered on January 15, 2015 on Amazon Prime Video. It is a show about vehicles, and is aimed at teaching kids creative methods for solving problems. A preview was shown alongside two other potential series; Sara Solves It and Buddy: Tech Detective. It ultimately won in view, and the other two shows were scrapped. The series premiered in 2015 with its first season, and ended with an extended second season lasting until summer 2019.

Jet Jurgensmeyer
Jet Jurgensmeyer (born November 27, 2004) is an American actor. He began his career as a child actor, playing the role of Spanky in the 2014 film The Little Rascals Save the Day, and Bobby Anderson in the 2016 Disney Channel television film Adventures in Babysitting.
Aliabad, Babol
Aliabad (Persian: علی‌آباد, also Romanized as ‘Alīābād) is a village in Karipey Rural District, Lalehabad District, Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 455, in 116 families.

Babol County
Babol County(Persian: شهرستان بابل) is the most populous county in Mazandaran province and the second most populous county in northern Iran. The capital of the county is the city of Babol. Babol County consists of six districts, seven cities, and nearly 700 villages.

The elevation of the city of Babol is 2 meters below sea level, making it the "lowest" city in Mazandaran province. The elevation in the county, from the north to 10 kilometers south, is below sea level. The city of Babol is divided into two urban areas. The population of Babol in 2016 was 250,217, and that of Babol County 531,930.
Dufferin—Caledon
Dufferin—Caledon is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004.

It was created in 2003 from parts of Dufferin—Peel—Wellington—Grey riding.

This riding gained a fraction of territory from Vaughan during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

After David Tilson's resignation, in March 2019 the Dufferin—Caledon nomination for the Conservative Party in the 2019 election was won by Harzadan Singh Khattra, amid accusations within the party of vote tampering, membership reimbursement, and payments to foreign students to attend, despite their ineligibility within party rules.

Following the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution, the riding will lose all of Caledon south of King Street and west of The Gore Road to Brampton North—Caledon. These changes will come into effect following the call of the 2025 Canadian federal election.

2012 Canadian federal electoral redistribution
The federal electoral redistribution of 2012 was a redistribution of electoral districts ("ridings") in Canada following the results of the 2011 Canadian census. As a result of amendments to the Constitution Act, 1867, the number of seats in the House of Commons of Canada increased from 308 to 338. The previous electoral redistribution was in 2003.

The redistribution was implemented by proclamation under the Electoral Boundaries Readjustment Act on October 5, 2013, and came into effect upon the dissolution of the 41st Canadian Parliament on August 2, 2015. The resulting electoral districts and boundaries were used in the 2015, 2019, and 2021 federal elections.

Federal electoral districts were redistributed in 2022, which came into effect upon the dissolution of the 44th Canadian Parliament on April 23, 2025.
Ling Li (writer)
Zeng Lili (曾黎力; 13 February 1942 – 18 July 2018), better known by her pen name Ling Li (Chinese: 凌力; pinyin: Líng Lì), was a Chinese writer and historian. She was born in Yan'an. Her ancestral home is Yudu County, Jiangxi Province. She graduated from PLA's Xi'an Institute of Telecommunication Engineering (now Xidian University). Having worked as a missile engineer for 12 years, she transferred to the institute of Qing Dynasty History at Renmin University and became a scholar. She was the vice chairman of the Beijing Writers Association, and a member of Chinese Writers Association's 6th committee. She was awarded the Lao She Literary Award in 2000.

Yan'an
Yan'an is a prefecture-level city in the Shaanbei region of Shaanxi province, China, bordering Shanxi to the east and Gansu to the west. It administers several counties, including Zhidan (formerly Bao'an), which served as the headquarters of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) before the city of Yan'an proper took that role.

Yan'an was near the endpoint of the Long March, and became the center of the Chinese Communist Revolution from late 1935 to early 1947. Chinese communists celebrate Yan'an as the birthplace of the revolution.

As of 2019, Yan'an has approximately 2,255,700 permanent residents.: 4–5
Glenn Wichman
Glenn R. Wichman (born 1960) is a software developer and one of the original authors of the computer game Rogue, along with Michael Toy, Ken Arnold and Jon Lane. Wichman has also contributed to many other commercial software programs, including Microsoft Bookshelf, Mavis Beacon Teaches Typing and Quicken.  He is the creator of the Macintosh shareware games Toxic Ravine and Mombasa.

Microsoft Bookshelf
Microsoft Bookshelf is a discontinued reference collection introduced in 1987 as part of Microsoft's promotion of CD-ROM technology as a distribution medium for electronic publishing.  The original MS-DOS version showcased the storage capacity of CD-ROM technology, and was accessed while the user was using one of 13 different word processor programs that Bookshelf supported.  Subsequent versions were produced for Windows and became part of the Microsoft Home brand.  It was often bundled with personal computers as a cheaper alternative to the Encarta Suite. The Encarta Deluxe Suite / Reference Library versions also bundled Bookshelf.
1999 Dubai Tennis Championships – Doubles
The 1999 Dubai Tennis Championships was a tennis tournaments played on outdoor hard courts at the Aviation Club Tennis Centre in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates that were part of the World Series of the 1999 ATP Tour. The tournament was held from February 8 through February 14, 1999.

Dubai Duty Free Tennis Stadium
The Dubai Duty Free Tennis Stadium is a tennis complex in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The complex is the host of the annual ATP 500 series and WTA 1000 series stop, the Dubai Tennis Championships.  The Dubai Tennis Stadium has a capacity of 5,000 people.
Colleen Murphy (filmmaker)
Colleen Louise Murphy CM (born 1954 in Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec) is a Canadian screenwriter, film director and playwright. She is best known for works including her plays The December Man, which won the Governor General's Award for English-language drama at the 2007 Governor General's Awards, and Beating Heart Cadaver, which was a shortlisted nominee for the same award at the 1999 Governor General's Awards, and the film Termini Station, for which she garnered a Genie Award nomination for Best Original Screenplay at the 11th Genie Awards.

Genie Awards
The Genie Awards were given out annually by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to recognize the best of Canadian cinema from 1980–2012. They succeeded the Canadian Film Awards (1949–1978). In 2013, the Academy merged the Genie Awards with its sister presentation for television, the Gemini Awards, to form the Canadian Screen Awards.

Genie Award candidates were selected from submissions made by the owners of Canadian films or their representatives, based on the criteria laid out in the Genie Rules and Regulations booklet which were distributed to Academy members and industry members. Peer-group juries, assembled from volunteer members of the Academy, met to watch the submissions and select a group of nominees. Academy members then voted on these nominations.
Charles H. Garoute
Charles Henry Garoute (October 15, 1854 – July 17, 1910) (also spelled Garoutte) was an American attorney and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of California from January 5, 1891, to January 5, 1903.

Supreme Court of California
The Supreme Court of California is the highest and final court of appeals in the courts of the U.S. state of California. It is headquartered in San Francisco at the Earl Warren Building, but it regularly holds sessions in Los Angeles and Sacramento. Its decisions are binding on all other California state courts.  Since 1850, the court has issued many influential decisions in a variety of areas including torts, property, civil and constitutional rights, and criminal law.
Topias Vilén
Topias Vilén (born 1 April 2003) is a Finnish professional ice hockey player who is a defenceman for the Utica Comets of the American Hockey League (AHL) as a prospect to the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected 129th overall in the fifth round of the 2021 NHL Entry Draft by the Devils.

Lahti Pelicans
The Lahti Pelicans, commonly referred to as the Lahden Pelicans, are a Finnish professional ice hockey team playing in the Liiga, Finland. Founded in 1996, they play in the city of Lahti at Isku Arena. The team is co-owned by (among others) former National Hockey League (NHL) player Pasi Nurminen and Formula One racecar driver Valtteri Bottas.
Amtix
Amtix (stylized as AMTIX!) is a magazine that originally reviewed Amstrad CPC computer software in the mid-1980s, published monthly by Newsfield Publications Ltd.

Unlike Zzap!64 and CRASH (its more successful sister publications from Newsfield), the original version of Amtix! was relatively short-lived. It ran for 18 issues in total between November 1985 and April 1987, plus a special preview issue (Issue zero) which was given away with Zzap!64 and CRASH.

After issue 18, Amtix! was sold to Database Publications who merged the Amtix! games sections into their own Computing With the Amstrad magazine.

Like Zzap!64 and Crash, Amtix! had very distinctive, comic-style cover art, drawn by Oliver Frey.

In September 2021 the magazine was relaunched as a quarterly A5 publication by Fusion Retro Books under the title AMTIXCPC Micro Action. Twelve issues of AMTIX were subsequently published before the title closed again.

Europress
Europress was a British magazine and software publisher based in Adlington, near Macclesfield, Cheshire. Their magazine publishing business was previously known as Database Publications. The software division was renamed in 1999 to Actualize.
Montevideo metropolitan area
The Montevideo metropolitan area (Spanish: Área metropolitana de Montevideo) refers to the conurbation around Montevideo, encompassing its surrounding suburbs and satellite cities in the departments of Montevideo, Canelones and San José.

According to the 2011 Census of the National Statistics Institute, the population of the department of Montevideo was 1,319,108 inhabitants, but considering its metropolitan area, it would reach 1,764,745 inhabitants, which corresponds to 54% of the national total.

Greater Montevideo is the most important region of the country in economic and sociocultural terms, having the highest population density. It produces 65% of the national GDP, 60% of the manufacturing industry and 80% of the services.

Since the 1990s, telephone numbers in the area have had the same prefix, 2. Previously, this only belonged to the capital city, while the rest of the surrounding towns governed long-distance call rates.

San José Department
San José Department (Spanish pronunciation: [saŋ xoˈse]) is a department of Uruguay. Its capital is San José de Mayo. It borders Colonia Department to the west, Flores Department to the north and the departments of Florida, Canelones and Montevideo to the east. Its southern limits are described by its coastline on Rio de la Plata.
Langoe Wapentake
Langoe Wapentake was one of the ancient divisions of the parts of Kesteven in the County of Lincolnshire. It was separated into two divisions, named First and Second.
The First division consisted of the Parishes of Billinghay, Kirkby Green and Timberland. The second division contained Blankney, Dunston, Metheringham, Nocton, Potterhanworth, Scopwick and Washingborough.

Washingborough
Washingborough is a village and civil parish in the North Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. Located 3 miles (5 km) east of Lincoln and 18 miles (29 km) from Sleaford.
The population in the 2001 census was 3,356, increasing to 3,482 at the 2011 census and 3,664 at the 2021 census.   It is situated on the lower slopes of Lincoln Cliff limestone escarpment where the River Witham breaks through it. The south side of  Lincoln Cathedral and its three towers can be seen from the village centre.