hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wolfgang Metzger
Wolfgang Metzger (born 22 July 1899 in Heidelberg, Germany; died 20 December 1979 in 
Bebenhausen, Germany) is considered one of the main representatives of Gestalt psychology (Gestalt theory) in Germany.

Metzger's most widely acclaimed work is Psychologie: Die Entwicklung ihrer Grundannahmen seit der Einführung des Experiments (Psychology: The development of basic principles since the introduction of the experimental method). It portrays systematically the foundations of psychology, including the different kinds of psychological reality, the problems associated with reference systems, order, and much more. Pivotal in its discussions is the cumulative knowledge, at that time, of the entire Gestalt school.

Bebenhausen
Bebenhausen (German pronunciation: [ˌbeːbn̩ˈhaʊzn̩] ⓘ) is a village (pop. 347) in the Tübingen district, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Since 1974 it is a district of the city of Tübingen, its least populous one. It is located 3 km north of Tübingen proper (about 5 km northeast of the city centre), in the southeastern part of the protected landscape of the Schönbuch, a dense forest. Bebenhausen is famous for its monastery, Bebenhausen Abbey, founded in 1183 by Count Palatine Rudolph of Tübingen.

In the early 19th century the monastery became a hunting palace for the kings of Württemberg. King William II of Württemberg lived there until his death in 1921, his wife Princess Charlotte of Schaumburg-Lippe until her death in 1946. It became the seat of Württemberg-Hohenzollern from 1947 and until 1952 when Baden-Württemberg was created. In 1974, Bebenhausen became a district of Tübingen.
Atawhai
Atawhai is a suburb of Nelson, on the South Island of New Zealand. It lies north of Nelson and is the location of Wakapuaka Cemetery, a burial place since 1861. It also has a coastline on Nelson Haven and access to Boulder Bank via State Highway 6.

Nelson Haven
Nelson Haven is an estuary with coastal salt marsh and mudflats, northeast of Nelson, New Zealand. It is separated from Tasman Bay / Te Tai-o-Aorere by the Boulder Bank. It is over 8 km long and up to 2 km wide. The area is regularly completely drowned and exposed by tidal action and supports a large population of mud crabs.
Rubixanthin
Rubixanthin, or natural yellow 27,  is a natural xanthophyll pigment with a red-orange color found in rose hips.  As a food additive it used under the E number E161d as a food coloring; it is not approved for use in the USA or EU but is approved in Australia and New Zealand where it is listed as 161d.

Rose hip
The rose hip or rosehip, also called rose haw and rose hep, is the accessory fruit of the various species of rose plant. It is typically red to orange, but ranges from dark purple to black in some species. Rose hips begin to form after pollination of flowers in spring or early summer, and ripen in late summer through autumn.
The Combat of the Thirty
The Combat of the Thirty (French: Le Combat des Trente) is an 1857 history painting by the French artist Octave Penguilly L'Haridon. It depicts the Combat of the Thirty fought on 26 March 1351 during the War of the Breton Succession. A notable scene in the History of Brittany, it featured a pre-arranged fight between selected fighters on either side.

The painting was exhibited at the Salon of 1857 in Paris. Today it is on display at the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Quimper.

Combat of the Thirty
The Combat of the Thirty (French: Combat des Trente, Breton: Emgann an Tregont), occurring on 26 March 1351, was an episode in the Breton War of Succession fought to determine who would rule the Duchy of Brittany. It was an arranged fight between selected combatants from both sides of the conflict, fought at a site midway between the Breton castles of Josselin and Ploërmel among 30 champions, knights, and squires on each side. The challenge was issued by Jean de Beaumanoir, a captain of Charles of Blois supported by King Philip VI of France, to Robert Bemborough, a captain of Jean de Montfort supported by Edward III of England.

After a hard-fought battle, the Franco-Breton Blois faction emerged victorious. The combat was later celebrated by medieval chroniclers and balladeers as a noble display of the ideals of chivalry. In the words of Jean Froissart, the warriors "held themselves as valiantly on both sides as if they had been all Rolands and Olivers".
2017 Challenger Banque Nationale de Granby – Men's doubles
Guilherme Clezar and Alejandro González were the defending champions but only González chose to defend his title, partnering Luis David Martínez. González lost in the first round to Chen Ti and Bradley Mousley.

Joe Salisbury and Jackson Withrow won the title after defeating Marcel Felder and Go Soeda 4–6, 6–3, [10–6] in the final.

Go Soeda
Go Soeda (添田 豪, Soeda Gō; born September 5, 1984) is a former professional Japanese tennis player. He started playing tennis at the age of four and turned professional in April 2003. He has won 18 singles titles on the ATP Challenger Tour, and achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 47 on 23 July 2012.
Elias of Palestine
Elias of Palestine was an early Christian martyr. A priest, Elias was one of four Christians who led Mass for the persecuted Christians condemned to work in the Palestinian quarries in the wake of the Diocletianic Persecution. When the Roman emperor Galerius learned of this, he had Elias burned alive along with the other leaders (Peleus, Nilus and Patermutius), and the Christians dispersed to mines in Cyprus and Lebanon. He is venerated as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church.

Galerius
Galerius Valerius Maximianus (/ɡəˈlɛəriəs/; Greek: Γαλέριος; c. 258 – May 311) was Roman emperor from 305 to 311. He participated in the system of government later known as the Tetrarchy, first acting as caesar under Emperor Diocletian. In this period Galerius obtained victory warring against the Persian Sasanian Empire, defeating Narseh at the battle of Satala in 298 and possibly sacking the Sasanian capital of Ctesiphon in 299. He also campaigned across the Danube against the Carpi, defeating them in 297 and 300. Galerius was promoted to augustus upon the abdication of Diocletian in 305, but had to contend with multiple usurpers as the Tetrarchic system broke down. Although he was a staunch opponent of Christianity, he ended the Diocletianic Persecution by issuing the Edict of Serdica in 311.
Performance improvement
Performance improvement is a broad category of management that refers to the systematic approach of identifying, measuring, and improving the efficiency and effectiveness of processes. It can be applied to an individual or organizational performance, such as athletics or commercial business.

Performance Improvement Guide (PIG) was published by the United States Coast Guard, which describes various processes and tools for performance management at the individual and organizational levels.

Goal
A goal or objective is an idea of the future or desired result that a person or a group of people envision, plan, and commit to achieve. People endeavour to reach goals within a finite time by setting deadlines.

A goal is roughly similar to a purpose or aim, the anticipated result which guides reaction, or an end, which is an object, either a physical object or an abstract object, that has intrinsic value.
Hamzalar, Kahta
Hamzalar is a village in the Kâhta District of Adıyaman Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Kawan tribe and had a population of 222 in 2021.

The hamlet of Ödemiş is attached to the village.

Adıyaman Province
Adıyaman Province is a province in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. The capital is Adıyaman. Its area is 7,337 km2, and its population is 635,169 (2022). The province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan and has a Kurdish majority.

Adıyaman Province was part of the Malatya Province until 1954, when it was made into a province as a reward for voting for the winning Democratic Party in the 1954 general election.
DDX41
Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX41 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DDX41 gene.

DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure, such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of the DEAD box protein family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a member of this family. The function of this member has not been determined. Based on studies in Drosophila, the gene is widely required during post-transcriptional gene expression. Germ line DDX41 mutations define a unique subtype of myeloid neoplasms.

Spliceosome
A spliceosome is a large ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex found primarily within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. The spliceosome is assembled from small nuclear RNAs (snRNA) and numerous proteins. Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) molecules bind to specific proteins to form a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex (snRNP, pronounced "snurps"), which in turn combines with other snRNPs to form a large ribonucleoprotein complex called a spliceosome. The spliceosome removes introns from a transcribed pre-mRNA, a type of primary transcript.  This process is generally referred to as splicing.  An analogy is a film editor, who selectively cuts out irrelevant or incorrect material (equivalent to the introns) from the initial film and sends the cleaned-up version to the director for the final cut.

However, sometimes the RNA within the intron acts as a ribozyme, splicing itself without the use of a spliceosome or protein enzymes.
Etna-class cruiser
The Etna class was a series of protected cruisers that were built in the late 1880s for the Regia Marina (the Royal Italian Navy). The four ships built were slightly enlarged copies of the Elswick Works' design for the protected cruiser Giovanni Bausan. Etna, the lead ship of the class, was the only ship still in service when World War I began, although she served as a stationary headquarters ship for the Navy Commander-in-Chief in Taranto for the duration of the war. The three later ships all participated in putting down the Boxer Rebellion as part of the Eight-Nation Alliance. The three were struck from the Navy List before 1912, but Etna was not sold for scrap until 1921.

Regia Marina
The Regia Marina (Italian for 'Royal Navy', pronounced [ˈrɛːdʒa maˈriːna]) (RM) or Royal Italian Navy was the navy of the Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) from 1861 to 1946. In 1946, with the birth of the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), the Regia Marina changed its name to Marina Militare ("Military Navy").
TT83
The Theban Tomb TT83 is located in Sheikh Abd el-Qurna, part of the Theban Necropolis, on the west bank of the Nile, opposite to Luxor. It is the burial place of the ancient Egyptian official, Amethu called Ahmose, who was the Governor of the town and Vizier. Amethu called Ahmose dates to the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, from the time of Tuthmosis III.

The tomb was known in the 19th century when the Egyptologist Sir John Gardiner Wilkinson lived in the tomb in the 1820s.

John Gardner Wilkinson
Sir John Gardner Wilkinson (5 October 1797 – 29 October 1875) was an English traveller, writer and pioneer Egyptologist of the 19th century. He is often referred to as "the Father of British Egyptology".
Valle del Cinca
Valle del Cinca is a Spanish geographical indication for Vino de la Tierra wines located in the wine-producing area of the Cinca Valley, in the province of Huesca, in the autonomous region of Aragon, Spain. Vino de la Tierra is one step below the mainstream Denominación de Origen indication on the Spanish wine quality ladder.

The area covered by this geographical indication comprises about 15 municipalities in the province of Huesca (Aragon, Spain).

It acquired its Vino de la Tierra status in 2005.

Province of Huesca
Huesca (Aragonese: Uesca; Catalan: Osca), officially Huesca/Uesca, is a province of northeastern Spain, in northern Aragon. The capital is Huesca.

Positioned just south of the central Pyrenees, Huesca borders France and the French departments of Haute-Garonne, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, and Hautes-Pyrénées. Within Spain, Huesca's neighboring provinces are Navarre, Zaragoza, and Lleida.
Coupar Angus
Coupar Angus (/ˈkʊpər/ ⓘ; Gaelic: Cupar Aonghais) is a town in Perth and Kinross, Scotland. It lies on the River Isla in the broad and fertile Valley of Strathmore, 4 miles (6 kilometres) south of Blairgowrie. The A94 road from Perth to Forfar runs through the town, and it had a station on the Midland Junction line until 1967.

The town formerly straddled the border between Angus and Perthshire, but it has lain wholly within Perthshire since 1891. It retains the name "Coupar Angus", however, which serves to distinguish it from Cupar in Fife.

Angus, Scotland
Angus (Scots: Angus; Scottish Gaelic: Aonghas) is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland, and a lieutenancy area. The council area borders Aberdeenshire, Dundee City and Perth and Kinross. Main industries include agriculture and fishing. Global pharmaceuticals company GSK has a significant presence in Montrose in the east of the county.

Angus was historically a province, and later a sheriffdom and county (called Forfarshire or the County of Forfar until 1928), bordering Kincardineshire to the north-east, Aberdeenshire to the north and Perthshire to the west; southwards it faced Fife across the Firth of Tay. The county included Dundee until 1894, when it was made a county of a city. The pre-1894 boundaries of Angus continue to be used as a registration county. Between 1975 and 1996 Angus was a lower-tier district within the Tayside region. The district took on its modern form and powers in 1996, since when the local authority has been Angus Council.
The Robinson family (Sesame Street)
The Robinson family is a fictional family in the children's television series Sesame Street. The family consists of   high school science teacher Gordon and his wife, Susan, a nurse. Later, the family expands to include their adopted son, Miles, as well as Gordon's sister, Olivia, his father, Mr. Robinson, and a brother. As African Americans, the family was created as leads for the show, originally targeted to underprivileged inner city children. Even as human roles were slowly reduced over the years, their characters maintained a constant presence.

Caroll Spinney
Caroll Edwin Spinney (December 26, 1933 – December 8, 2019) was an American puppeteer, cartoonist, author, artist and speaker, most famous for playing Big Bird and Oscar the Grouch on Sesame Street from its inception in 1969 until 2018.
Ruben Gunawan
Ruben Muljadi  Gunawan (17 April 1968 – 27 August 2005) was an Indonesian chess Grandmaster (1999).

Born in Jakarta, his earlier achievement was winning the Indonesian U16 championship in 1982 in Bandung. This victory qualified him to play in the Asian Junior Chess Championship 1983, which took place in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Ruben Gunawan won the championship and was awarded the FIDE Master title. In 1984 he won the Indonesian U19 championship.

Gunawan played for Indonesia in the Chess Olympiads of 2000 in Istanbul, and 2004 in Calvià.

He died at the age of 38 in Manado because of heart failure and pneumonia that he had during the Calvià Olympiad. He achieved the 1009th rank at FIDE position in July 2005. His Elo rating at that time was 2463, while the highest rating he ever achieved was 2507 in January 1999.

32nd Chess Olympiad
The 32nd Chess Olympiad (Armenian: 32-րդ Շախմատային օլիմպիադա, 32-rd Shakhmatayin olimpiadan), organized by FIDE and comprising an open and a women's tournament, took place between September 15 and October 2, 1996, in Yerevan, Armenia. Both tournament sections were officiated by international arbiter Alesha Khachatrian of Armenia.

The Russian team won their third consecutive title, captained by PCA world champion Kasparov. Once again, due to a dispute with the national federation, FIDE champion Anatoly Karpov was not present. Ukraine, led by Ivanchuk, took the silver, and the United States returned to the medal ranks for the first time since the fall of the Iron Curtain, beating England by half a point on tie break—somewhat ironically, half of the US team were born in Eastern Europe.

In addition to the overall medal winners, the teams were divided into seeding groups, with the top finishers in each group receiving special prizes.
Zielęcin, Sieradz County
Zielęcin [ʑɛˈlɛnt͡ɕin] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Warta, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) north-west of Warta, 22 km (14 mi) north-west of Sieradz, and 66 km (41 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Sieradz
Sieradz [ˈɕɛrat͡s] ⓘ (Latin: Siradia) is a city on the Warta river in central Poland with 40,891 inhabitants (2021). It is the seat of the Sieradz County, situated in the Łódź Voivodeship. Sieradz is a capital of the historical Sieradz Land.

Sieradz is one of the oldest cities in Poland. It was an important city of medieval Poland, thrice being a location for the election of the Polish monarchs. Polish Kings chaired six assemblies from here. Historically, it was the capital of the Duchy of Sieradz (1263-1339), Sieradz Voivodeship (1339–1793), and Sieradz Voivodeship (1975–1998). It is located on the Route of the Heroes of the Battle of Warsaw 1920, the main highway connecting Wrocław with Łódź, Warsaw and Białystok.
Benson & Farrell
Benson & Farrell is an album co-led by American guitarist George Benson and jazz saxophonist and flutist Joe Farrell; both artists had previously released several albums on the CTI label and had also contributed to the albums Free, CTI Summer Jazz at the Hollywood Bowl, and Giant Box.

CTI Records
CTI Records (Creed Taylor Incorporated) is a jazz record label founded in 1967 by Creed Taylor. CTI was a subsidiary of A&M before becoming independent in 1970. Its first album was A Day in the Life by guitarist Wes Montgomery in 1967. The final release, by the CTI Jazz All-Star Band, was recorded live at the Montreux Jazz Festival in 2009, and released in November 2010 on multiple formats: CD, DVD and Blu-ray.

Its roster included George Benson, Ron Carter, Eumir Deodato, Astrud Gilberto, Freddie Hubbard, Bob James, Antonio Carlos Jobim, Hubert Laws, Airto Moreira, Stanley Turrentine, and Walter Wanderley.
Première Moisson
Première Moisson is a chain of artisanal bakeries mostly operating in Quebec, Canada, with one store at the University of Ottawa. It focuses on high-quality French breads and pastries. The company follows a model whereby various doughs are prepared in a central facility and then distributed to local bakeries, where they are finalized and baked on demand.

The company was founded in 1992 (1992) in Vaudreuil-Dorion, where it still maintains various large-scale production facilities, and has since remained a family business. The Montreal metropolitan area constitutes its biggest area of business, with a total of 13 bakeries, of which 10 are co-ownerships.

Dough
Dough is a malleable, sometimes elastic paste made from flour (which itself is made from grains or from leguminous or chestnut crops). Dough is typically made by mixing flour with a small amount of water or other liquid and sometimes includes yeast or other leavening agents, as well as ingredients such as fats or flavourings.

Making and shaping dough begins the preparation of a wide variety of foodstuffs, particularly breads and bread-based items, but also including biscuits, cakes, cookies, dumplings, flatbreads, noodles, pasta, pastry, pizza, piecrusts, scones and similar items. Dough can be made from a wide variety of flour, commonly wheat and rye but also maize, rice, legumes, almonds, and other cereals or crops.
Greg Hotham
Gregory S. Hotham (born March 7, 1956) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played 230 games in the National Hockey League with the Toronto Maple Leafs and Pittsburgh Penguins between 1979 and 1985. He was selected by the Maple Leafs in the 5th round, 84th overall, of the 1976 NHL Amateur Draft. Hotham was born in London, Ontario, but grew up in Aurora, Ontario.

Aurora, Ontario
Aurora (2021 population: 62,057) is a town in central York Region, in the Greater Toronto Area of Southern Ontario, Canada. It is located 48km (29mi) from Downtown Toronto, north of Richmond Hill partially situated on the Oak Ridges Moraine, and  surrounded by the Greenbelt. In the 2021 Census, the municipal population of Aurora was the 92nd largest in Canada, compared to 95th for the 2016 Census and 97th for the 2006 Census.
McBrown
McBrown is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gertrude P. McBrown (1898–1989), American poet, playwright, actress, educator, and stage director

Nana Ama McBrown (born 1977), Ghanaian actress, TV presenter, and music writer

Nana Ama McBrown
Felicity Ama Agyemang (born 15 August 1977), known professionally as Nana Ama McBrown, is a Ghanaian actress, TV show hostess, and music composer. She rose to prominence for her role in a television series titled Tentacles. Later, she found mainstream success following her role in the Twi-language movies "Asoreba"(church member) and "Kumasi Yonko". She was the host, of the television cooking show The McBrown Kitchen and an entertainment talk show United Showbiz on UTV until March 2023 when she moved to Media General. She is a TV show hostess on Onua TV for the Onua Showtime program. Royal drinks has chosen Nana Ama as the face of their brand Kasapreko Unveils McBrown As Royal Drinks Brand Ambassador
Heist (2001 film)
Heist is a 2001 American heist crime drama film written and directed by David Mamet and starring Gene Hackman, Danny DeVito and Delroy Lindo in their second collaboration following Get Shorty (1995), with Rebecca Pidgeon, Ricky Jay, Patti Lupone and Sam Rockwell in supporting roles.

Heist received generally positive reviews from critics, with praise for its characters and script. Although it grossed just around its production budget, the film became the highest-grossing film directed by Mamet in the United States with $23 million, and went on to become a popular hit in the home video market.

Get Shorty (film)
Get Shorty is a 1995 American gangster comedy film directed by Barry Sonnenfeld and written by Scott Frank, based on Elmore Leonard's 1990 novel. The film stars John Travolta, Gene Hackman, Rene Russo, Delroy Lindo, James Gandolfini, Dennis Farina, and Danny DeVito. It follows Chili Palmer (Travolta), a Miami mobster and loan shark who inadvertently gets involved in Hollywood feature film production. Get Shorty was released on October 20, 1995 by MGM/UA Distribution Co. in the United States and by United International Pictures internationally. The film received critical acclaim and went on to gross $115.1 million against a $30 million budget. Travolta went on to win the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his role in the film at the 53rd Golden Globe Awards. The film's success launched its titular franchise, including a sequel titled Be Cool (2005) and a television series, which debuted in 2017.