hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Faedis
Faedis (Slovene: Fojda) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 13 kilometres (8 mi) northeast of Udine, on the border with Slovenia.

Faedis borders the following municipalities: Attimis, Kobarid (Slovenia), Moimacco, Povoletto, Pulfero, Remanzacco, Taipana, Torreano.

Province of Udine
The province of Udine (Italian: provincia di Udine; Friulian: provincie di Udin; Slovene: Videmska pokrajina; Resian: Vydänskä provinčjä; German: Provinz Weiden) was a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy, bordering Austria and Slovenia, with the capital in the city of Udine. Abolished on 30 September 2017, it was reestablished in 2019 as the Regional Decentralization Entity of Udine (Italian: ente di decentramento regionale di Udine; Friulian: ent di decentrament regjonâl di Udin; Slovene: enota deželne decentralizacije Videm), and was reactivated on 1 July 2020. It has a population of 516,323 over an area of 4,969.30 square kilometres (1,918.66 mi2) across its 134 municipalities.
Michały
Michały [miˈxawɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Witonia, within Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south-west of Witonia, 10 km (6 mi) north-east of Łęczyca, and 40 km (25 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

Łęczyca County
Łęczyca County (Polish: powiat łęczycki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Łęczyca, which lies 35 kilometres (22 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 774 square kilometres (298.8 sq mi). As of 2006, its total population was 53,435, out of which the population of Łęczyca was 15,423 and the rural population was 38,012.
Merle Shain
Merle Shain (1935–1989) was a Canadian author and journalist.

Shain was born in Toronto, and graduated from the University of Toronto, with a BA (1957) and BSW (1959).

As a journalist, Shain worked as a feature writer for the Toronto Telegram, as an associate editor of the magazine Chatelaine, and as a columnist for the Toronto Sun. Shain also worked as a television presenter, hosting the CTV news program W5. For four years, she was a member of the board of the National Film Board of Canada.

She lived and wrote in Toronto until her sudden death in March, 1989, at the age of 53.

Toronto Sun
The Toronto Sun is an English-language tabloid newspaper published daily in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The newspaper is one of several Sun tabloids published by Postmedia Network. The newspaper's offices are located at Postmedia Place in downtown Toronto.

The newspaper published its first edition in November 1971, after it had acquired the assets of the defunct Toronto Telegram, and hired portions of its staff. In 1978, Toronto Sun Holdings and Toronto Sun Publishing were consolidated to form Sun Publishing (later renamed Sun Media Corporation). Sun Publishing went on to form similar tabloids to the Toronto Sun in other Canadian cities during the late 1970s and 1980s. The Sun was acquired by Postmedia Network in 2015, as a part of the sale of the Sun's parent company, Sun Media.
Orval Hobart Mowrer
Orval Hobart Mowrer (January 23, 1907 – June 20, 1982) was an American psychologist and professor of psychology at the University of Illinois from 1948 to 1975 known for his research on behaviour therapy. Mowrer practiced psychotherapy in Champaign-Urbana and at Galesburg State Research Hospital. In 1954 Mowrer held the position of president of the American Psychological Association. Mowrer founded Integrity Groups (therapeutic community groups based on principles of honesty, responsibility, and emotional involvement) and was instrumental in establishing GROW groups in the United States. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Mowrer as the 98th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.

Harry Stack Sullivan
Herbert "Harry" Stack Sullivan (February 21, 1892 – January 14, 1949) was an American neo-Freudian psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who held that "personality can never be isolated from the complex interpersonal relationships in which [a] person lives" and that "[t]he field of psychiatry is the field of interpersonal relations under any and all circumstances in which [such] relations exist". Having studied therapists Sigmund Freud, Adolf Meyer, and William Alanson White, he devoted years of clinical and research work to helping people with psychotic illness.
Jon Rigby
Jonathan Kendall Rigby (born 31 January 1965) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Norwich City, Aldershot and Cambridge United.

Rigby was born in Bury St Edmunds, and began his career with Norwich City, with whom he won a FA Youth Cup winner's medal in 1983. A forward, he made ten first-team appearances for Norwich, without scoring, and after that he played for Aldershot and Cambridge United. Summers 1983-1987 he played in Finland, Kokkola for Kokkolan Palloseura (KPS). In Finland he played in second-, third-, and fourth-highest division's. He retired from the professional game due to a pelvic injury, then played non-league football in Norfolk for Thetford Town and Wroxham.

Bury St Edmunds
Bury St Edmunds (/ˈbɛri sənt ˈɛdməndz/), commonly referred to locally as Bury, is a cathedral as well as market town and civil parish in the West Suffolk district, in the county of Suffolk, England. The town is best known for Bury St Edmunds Abbey and St Edmundsbury Cathedral. Bury is the seat of the Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich of the Church of England, with the episcopal see at St Edmundsbury Cathedral. The town, originally called Beodericsworth, was built on a grid pattern by Abbot Baldwin around 1080. It is known for brewing and malting (Greene King brewery) and for a British Sugar processing factory, where Silver Spoon sugar is produced. The town is the cultural and retail centre for West Suffolk and tourism is a major part of the economy. The built up area had a population of 41,280 at the 2021 census.
Maike Schirmer
Maike Schirmer  (born 25 May 1990) is a German former handball player, who played for VfL Oldenburg, Buxtehuder SV, VfL Bad Schwartau, SG Kisdorf/Leezen and TuS Hartenholm in Germany and Toulon Saint-Cyr Var Handball in France, as well as the German national team.

Schirmer debuted for the national team in 2012. She was selected as part of the German team for the 2017 World Women's Handball Championship.
She started playing handball at SG Kisdorf/Leezen. In 2005 she switched to VfL Bad Schwartau, where she played in the German Regionalliga. After three years she switched to Bundesliga-side VfL Oldenburg. Here she won the DHB-Pokal in 2009 and in 2012. In 2010 she reached the semifinals of the EHF Cup Winners' Cup.

In 2016 she transferred to Buxtehuder SV, where she once again won the DHB-Pokal in 2017.

She retired in 2022.

2017 World Women's Handball Championship
The 2017 IHF World Women's Handball Championship, the 23rd event hosted by the International Handball Federation, was held in Germany from 1 to 17 December 2017. Germany was the only applicant for this championship. Germany was host of the World Championships in 1965 and 1997.

France won their second title after 2003, by defeating reigning champions Norway 23–21 in the final.
Dennis Lipscomb
Dennis Lipscomb (March 1, 1942 – July 30, 2014) was an American actor.

Lipscomb earned an engineering degree from Clarkson University.

Lipscomb's first feature film was Union City (1980). From the early 1980s to the 1990s, Lipscomb appeared in various motion pictures including Love Child (1982), WarGames (1983), Eyes of Fire (1983), The Day After (1983), A Soldier's Story (1984), Crossroads (1986), Amazing Grace and Chuck (1987), Retribution (1987), Sister, Sister (1987), The First Power (1990) and Under Siege (1992). Lipscomb also had a recurring role as mayor of the fictitious town of Sparta, Mississippi in the first season of In the Heat of the Night (1988). Lipscomb guest starred on television commercials and shows, including WKRP In Cincinnati, T.J. Hooker, and Wiseguy (1987; CBS) as Sid Royce/Elvis Prim.

Under Siege
Under Siege is a 1992 action thriller film directed by Andrew Davis and written by J. F. Lawton. It stars Steven Seagal (who also produced the film), Tommy Lee Jones, Gary Busey, and Erika Eleniak. Seagal plays Casey Ryback, a former Navy SEAL, who must fend off a group of mercenaries after they commandeer the U.S. Navy battleship Missouri.

Released on October 9, 1992, Under Siege was both a critical and commercial success, receiving two Academy Award nominations for sound production and grossing over $156.6 million at the global box office. It is often considered Steven Seagal's best film to date. It was followed in 1995 by a sequel, Under Siege 2: Dark Territory, which was not as well received.

Under Siege was the final film of actor Patrick O'Neal, before his death in 1994.
Ken Yager
Kenneth E. Yager (born January 5, 1947) is an American politician currently serving as a Republican state senator in the Tennessee General Assembly. He represents Tennessee's 12th Senate district, which is made up of the counties of Campbell, Clay, Fentress, Macon, Morgan, Overton, Pickett, Roane, and Scott. Yager is chairman of the Tennessee Senate Republican Caucus.

Overton County, Tennessee
Overton County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 22,511. Its county seat is Livingston. Overton County is part of the Cookeville, TN Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Jan Tomeček
Jan Tomeček (born 27 June 1990) is a Czech former professional ice hockey defenceman.

Tomeček played 104 games in the Czech Extraliga for HC Karlovy Vary from 2014 to 2018. He also played on loan for SK Kadaň, HC Most and HC Baník Sokolov. He retired on 16 April 2020 due to health problems.

SK Trhači Kadaň
SK Trhači Kadaň was an ice hockey team in Kadaň, Czech Republic. The club was founded in 1945 and defunct in 2021. Having played at the second level of Czech hockey since the 1998–99 Czech 1. Liga season, Kadaň withdrew from the 1st Czech Republic Hockey League in November 2021, having lost all of their 18 games played with a goal difference of 26 for and 89 against.
London Superloop
Superloop is an express bus network in Greater London, England, that forms part of the London Buses network and connects Outer London town centres, railway stations and transport hubs.

Orbital express bus routes were proposed in 2008 by Mayor of London Boris Johnson, with further proposals by the London Assembly in 2017. The 'Superloop' concept was announced in 2023 by Johnson's successor, Sadiq Khan, consisting of renumbering and improvements to existing express bus routes and the introduction of new express bus routes.

Currently, seven Superloop routes operated by different companies form a long-distance orbital service around London, with five radial express services.

The first service became operational on 15 July 2023. All ten of the first phase of routes are operational as of April 2025. Bus stops served by Superloop routes have specific branding to differentiate. A further ten Superloop routes are proposed in a second phase.

Limited-stop
In public transit, particularly bus, tram, or train transportation, a limited-stop (or sometimes referred to as semi-fast) service is a trip pattern that stops less frequently than a local service. Many limited-stop or semi-fast services are a combination of commuter rail and express train.

The term is normally used on routes with a mixture of fast and slow services, and can differ in meaning, depending on how it is used by different transit agencies. The main benefits of limited-stop or semi-fast services is the ability to utilise skip-stop calling pattern to maximise capacity along the line, as opposed to a commuter service stopping at every station which slows trailing express trains down.
Bidasari (play)
Bidasari is the final-installment of a trilogy of Filipino-language stage plays produced and written for Magwayen, the premier theater group of the University of the City of Manila. It was based on the original epic of the same name or title.

The epic love story originally graced the stage in 1999, and once again brought back in theaters in 2009.

Madja-as
Madja-as was a legendary precolonial confederacy on the island of Panay in the Philippines. It was mentioned in Pedro Monteclaro's book titled Maragtas. It was supposedly created by Datu Sumakwel to exercise his authority over all the other datus of Panay. Like the Maragtas and the Code of Kalantiaw, the historical authenticity of the confederation is disputed.
Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru
Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru (The University of Wales Dictionary) is the only standard historical dictionary of the Welsh language, aspiring to be "comparable in method and scope to the Oxford English Dictionary". Vocabulary is defined in Welsh, and English equivalents are given. Detailed attention is given to variant forms, collocations, and etymology.

The first edition was published in four volumes between 1967 and 2002, containing 7.3 million words of text in 3,949 pages, documenting 106,000 headwords. There are almost 350,000 dated citations dating from the year 631 up to 2000, with 323,000 Welsh definitions and 290,000 English equivalents, of which 85,000 have included etymologies.

Definition
A definition is a semantic statement of the meaning of a term (a word, phrase, or other set of symbols). Definitions can be classified into two large categories: intensional definitions (which try to give the sense of a term), and extensional definitions (which try to list the objects that a term describes). Another important category of definitions is the class of ostensive definitions, which convey the meaning of a term by pointing out examples. A term may have many different senses and multiple meanings, and thus require multiple definitions.

In mathematics, a definition is used to give a precise meaning to a new term, by describing a condition which unambiguously qualifies what the mathematical term is and is not. Definitions and axioms form the basis on which all of modern mathematics is to be constructed.
Arthurs Creek
Arthurs Creek is a locality in Victoria, Australia, 33 kilometres north-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Shire of Nillumbik local government area. Arthurs Creek recorded a population of 478 at the 2021 census.

It is named after Henry Arthur, a member of John Batman's Port Phillip Association and nephew of George Arthur, a governor of Tasmania. Another source says that it was named by the surveyor Thomas Nutt, supposedly because one of his party, a Mr Arthur, died and was buried in this location.

Sir George Arthur, 1st Baronet
Sir George Arthur, 1st Baronet, KCH, PC (21 June 1784 – 19 September 1854) was a British colonial administrator who was Lieutenant Governor of British Honduras from 1814 to 1822 and of Van Diemen's Land (present-day Tasmania) from 1824 to 1836. The campaign against Aboriginal Tasmanians, known as the Black War, occurred during this term of office. He later served as Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada from 1838 to 1841, and Governor of Bombay from 1842 to 1846.
Fredrikinkatu
Fredrikinkatu (Swedish: Fredriksgatan, Helsinki slang: Freda, "Fredrik's street") is a street in Helsinki, Finland that starts from Viiskulma in the district of Punavuori and continues north by the western side of Kamppi Center until it reaches Lutherinkatu and the Temppeliaukio Church in Etu-Töölö.

Fredrikinkatu is mostly a northbound one-way street. Helsinki tram lines 1 and 3 run on Fredrikinkatu in both directions between Viiskulma and Bulevardi. There's a disused section of tram track between Urho Kekkosen katu and Arkadiankatu.

Trams in Helsinki
Trams in Helsinki form part of the public transport system organised by Helsinki Regional Transport Authority and operated by Metropolitan Area Transport Ltd (Finnish: Pääkaupunkiseudun Kaupunkiliikenne Oy, Swedish: Huvudstadsregionens Stadstrafik Ab) in Finland's capital city of Helsinki. The trams are the main means of transport in the city center, and 56.8 million trips were made on the system in 2019. In addition to the older tram network, there is a single light rail line that was opened in October 2023. Although technically compatible with the tram network, the light rail line is separate from the city center tram network.
Coat of arms of Nowy Targ
The coat of arms of Nowy Targ, a town in southern Poland, depicts the martyr Saint Catherine of Alexandria dressed in white with a red cape with white stars, wearing a gold crown. She holds a sword at her side and a palm leaf. She stands in front of a  gold Catherine wheel. Her head is encircled by a halo, indicating her sainthood.

The present version of the arms was adopted by the town council of Nowy Targ in 1991, but the town has used the image of Saint Catherine for its seal since the 15th century.

Nowy Targ
Nowy Targ [ˈnɔvɨ ˈtark] (Officially: Royal Free city of Nowy Targ, Yiddish: Naymark, Goral dialect: Nowy Torg [ˈnuɔvɨ 'tɔrg]) is a town in southern Poland, in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. It is located in the Orava-Nowy Targ Basin at the foot of the Gorce Mountains, at the confluence of the Czarny Dunajec and the Biały Dunajec. It is the seat of the Nowy Targ County and the rural Gmina Nowy Targ, as well as the Tatra Euroregion.

With 33,293 inhabitants, Nowy Targ is the largest town and the historic capital of Podhale, as well as its main commercial, communication and industrial center.

The town has the Podhale State Vocational University and the highest located airport in Poland.

Established before 1233, Nowy Targ received city rights on 22 June 1346 from King Casimir the Great. The historic architectural and urban complex of the town with a medieval market square has been preserved to this day.
Naalumanippookkal
Naalumanippookkal is a 1978 Indian Malayalam film, directed by K. S. Gopalakrishnan and produced by T. R. Srinivasan. The film stars Madhu, Sreedevi, Kaviyoor Ponnamma, Adoor Bhasi Pattom Sadan and M. G. Soman in the lead roles. The film has musical score by G. Devarajan.

M. G. Soman
M. G. Soman (28 October 1941 – 12 December 1997) was an Indian actor and former Indian Air Force officer who appeared in Malayalam films. He was among the actors who played leading roles in Malayalam cinema during the late 1970s and early 1980s. He also had some Tamil films to his credit, including Aval Oru Thodar Kathai. However, in the late 1980s and 1990s, he switched to character and villainous roles.
Arıklı, Tarsus
Arıklı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Tarsus, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 175 (2022). It is situated in the Çukurova (Cilicia) plains. It is on the state highway D.400, east of Mersin,  Tarsus and Yenice. It is the easternmost village of the province. The distance to Tarsus is 19 kilometres (12 mi) and the distance to Mersin is 46 kilometres (29 mi).

State road D.400 (Turkey)
D.400 is an east–west state road in southern Turkey. The 2,057-kilometre (1,278 mi) road starts at Datça in the southwest corner of the Anatolian peninsula and ends at the Iranian border at Esendere.

D.400 runs through the cities of Marmaris, Fethiye, Antalya, Alanya, Mersin, Adana, Gaziantep, Şanlıurfa, and Hakkâri and links to Road 16 in Iran. Between Nizip and Cizre, D.400 is part of the European route E90.
Humor (journal)
Humor: International Journal of Humor Research is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Walter de Gruyter on behalf of the International Society for Humor Studies. As of 2021, its editor-in-chief is Christian F. Hempelmann (Texas A&M University-Commerce).

East Texas A&M University
East Texas A&M University (ETAMU; formerly Texas A&M University–Commerce) is a public research university in Commerce, Texas, United States. With an enrollment of over 12,000 students as of fall 2017, the university is the third-largest institution in the Texas A&M University System. Founded in 1889, the institution is also the fifth-oldest state university or college in the State of Texas. The university is classified among "R2: High Research Spending and Doctorate Production".

Located on the northeastern edge of the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex, approximately 65 miles (105 km) from downtown Dallas, the university attracts traditional resident students from the Metroplex and also from the smaller communities of Northeast Texas. In addition to the main campus in Hunt County, the university has satellite campuses in downtown Dallas and Mesquite; it also offers courses in Corsicana and Midlothian in partnership with Navarro College and in Frisco and McKinney with Collin College.
AP Microeconomics
Advanced Placement (AP) Microeconomics (also known as AP Micro and AP Microecon) is a course offered by the College Board as part of the Advanced Placement Program for high school students interested in college-level coursework in microeconomics and/or gaining advanced standing in college. The course begins with a study of fundamental economic concepts such as scarcity, opportunity costs, production possibilities, specialization, and comparative advantage. Major topics include the nature and functions of product markets; factor markets; and efficiency, equity, and the role of government. AP Microeconomics is often taken in conjunction with or after AP Macroeconomics.

Opportunity cost
In microeconomic theory, the opportunity cost of a choice is the value of the best alternative forgone where, given limited resources, a choice needs to be made between several mutually exclusive alternatives. Assuming the best choice is made, it is the "cost" incurred by not enjoying the benefit that would have been had if the second best available choice had been taken instead. The New Oxford American Dictionary defines it as "the loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen". As a representation of the relationship between scarcity and choice, the objective of opportunity cost is to ensure efficient use of scarce resources. It incorporates all associated costs of a decision, both explicit and implicit. Thus, opportunity costs are not restricted to monetary or financial costs: the real cost of output forgone, lost time, pleasure, or any other benefit that provides utility should also be considered an opportunity cost.
Online illicit drug vendor
An online illicit drug vendor is an online vendor that sells illicit drugs. They are known to sell illicit drugs including recreational psychoactive drugs and performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs), among others. Online illicit drug vendors are known to operate both on the dark web and on the clear web. They may sell explicitly illegal controlled substances or may sell legal designer drugs. Hundreds of online illicit drug vendors are known to exist. They have been described by experts as a concerningly accessible, easy, and inexpensive way of obtaining drugs.

Surface web
The Surface Web (also called the Visible Web, Indexed Web, Indexable Web) is the portion of the World Wide Web that is readily available to the general public and searchable with standard web search engines. It is the highest layer of the World Wide Web, the other two being the deep web, the area not accessible via standard search engines, and the Dark web, the area with your IP address, and therefore your identity, hidden.  The Surface Web only consists of 10 percent of the information that is on the internet. The Surface Web is made with a collection of public web pages on a server accessible by any search engine.

According to one source, as of June 14, 2015, Google's Index of the Surface Web contains about 14.8 billion pages.