hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Subjective idealism
Subjective idealism, or empirical idealism or immaterialism, is a form of ontological monism that holds that only minds and mental contents exist. It entails and is generally identified or associated with immaterialism, the doctrine that material things do not exist. Subjective idealism rejects dualism, neutral monism, and materialism; it is the contrary of eliminative materialism, the doctrine that all or some classes of mental phenomena (such as emotions, beliefs, or desires) do not exist, but are sheer illusions.

Phenomenon
A phenomenon  (pl. phenomena), sometimes spelled phaenomenon, is an observable event. The term came into its modern philosophical usage through Immanuel Kant, who contrasted it with the noumenon, which cannot be directly observed. Kant was heavily influenced by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in this part of his philosophy, in which phenomenon and noumenon serve as interrelated technical terms. Far predating this, the ancient Greek Pyrrhonist philosopher Sextus Empiricus also used phenomenon and noumenon as interrelated technical terms.
Kotra tehsil
Kotra (also spelt Kotda) is a tehsil of Udaipur district in Rajasthan, India, consisting of 262 revenue villages and 31 panchayats. The tehsil is bordered to the north by Pali and Sirohi districts, to the east by Gogunda and Jhadol tehsils, and to the south by Gujarat state. The tehsil headquarter is located in the village of Kotra, southwest of the Udaipur at a distance of 57 km and 120 km by road.

Revenue Village
A Revenue Village is a small administrative region in India, a village with defined borders. One revenue village may contain many hamlets. Each revenue village is headed by a Village Administrative Officer (VAO) or Village Accountant, or Village Officer.
Kent Police Museum
The Kent Police Museum is a museum of police history located at Faversham Police Station in Kent, England. It captures the history of the county's police force, starting in 1857 with the establishment of the Kent County Constabulary.

History of criminal justice
Throughout the history of criminal justice, evolving forms of punishment, added rights for offenders and victims, and policing reforms have reflected changing customs, political ideals, and economic conditions.
Gethin Thomas
Samuel Gethin Thomas (24 April 1897 — 1 February 1939) was a Welsh international rugby union player.

A native of Llwynhendy, Thomas was active in rugby union for Llanelly post World War I, during which he had been mentioned in dispatches serving with the 4th Battalion, Welch Regiment. His brother Ewart also played for Llanelly.

Thomas, a forward, gained his four Wales caps in 1923, playing all possible matches of that year's Five Nations Championship, with his debut coming against England at Twickenham Stadium.

Having retired from rugby due to ill health, Thomas died aged 41 in 1939, after undergoing an operation at London's Westminster Hospital. He was married, with a son and daughter.

Westminster Hospital
Westminster Hospital was a hospital in Westminster, England, founded in 1719. In 1834 a medical school attached to the hospital was formally founded.
In 1939 a newly built hospital and medical school opened in Horseferry Road, Westminster. In 1994 the hospital closed, and its resources were moved to the new Chelsea and Westminster Hospital at the old St Stephen's Hospital site on Fulham Road.
Canada Remote Systems
Canada Remote Systems, or simply CRS, was a major commercial bulletin board system located in the Toronto area. It was one of the earliest commercial systems outside the "big iron" companies such as CompuServe or The Source. At times it was among the largest BBS systems in the world, often trading that position with the US-based Exec-PC, based on the number of telephone lines and its 10,000 user subscriber base. It won the 1992 Readers Choice award in Boardwatch Magazine. It survived into the 1990s, before being overwhelmed by the Internet and closing down.

The Source (online service)
The Source (Source Telecomputing Corporation) was an early online service, one of the first such services to be oriented toward and available to the general public.

The Source was in operation from 1978 to 1989, when it was purchased by rival CompuServe and discontinued sometime thereafter. The Source's headquarters were located at 1616 Anderson Road, McLean, Virginia, 22102.
Alma, Syria
Alma or Elmah (Arabic: علما) is a village in the Daraa District of the Daraa Governorate, Syria. According to the 2004 census, the population was estimated at 6,297 people.

It is located near Khirbet Ghazaleh and belongs to a sub-district of a same name.

Daraa District
Daraa District (Arabic: منطقة درعا) is a district (mantiqah) administratively belonging to Daraa Governorate, Syria. At the 2004 Census it had a population of 428,681. Its administrative centre is the city of Daraa.
Sunshine to Rain
Sunshine to Rain is the eleventh studio album by New Zealand-Australian band, Dragon. The band reformed featuring Mark Williams on vocals. The album was released on 27 June 2006 and is their first since 1995's Incarnations. The album debuted and peaked at number 87 on the ARIA Charts. The album release was followed with a tour.

Mark Williams (singer)
Mark Williams is a New Zealand singer with Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ) number one hit singles, "Yesterday Was Just the Beginning of My Life" (1975) and a cover of Buddy Holly's "It Doesn't Matter Anymore" (1977) before he relocated to Australia later that year. His single, "Show No Mercy" (1990) was a top ten hit in both countries. He has undertaken extensive touring in support of numerous Australian bands and worked in television. In 2006 he became the vocalist for the reformed New Zealand band, Dragon.
John Michael Caldwell
John Michael Caldwell is an American music scoring mixer, recording engineer, and mixing engineer known for his work with film composers John Powell and Batu Sener. He has worked on the films Wicked (2024 film), How to Train Your Dragon (2025 film), Better Man (film), among others. Caldwell has been nominated for two Cinema Audio Society Awards in the categories Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Motion Picture – Live Action and Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Motion Picture – Documentary.

Cinema Audio Society Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Motion Picture – Live Action
The Cinema Audio Society Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Motion Picture – Live Action is an annual award given by the Cinema Audio Society to live-action motion picture sound mixer for their outstanding achievements in sound mixing. The award came to its current title in 2013, when feature motion pictures were separated into two categories; achievement in live-action sound mixing, and achievement in animated sound mixing (later, documentary features would get their own category as well). Before this, the category was labeled Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for Motion Pictures, and was given annually starting in 1994 (for films released the previous year).
Bill Baumgartner
William R. Baumgartner Sr. (April 17, 1921 – September 30, 1981) was an American professional football player who played at the end position. He played college football for Minnesota from 1940 to 1942 and professional football for the Baltimore Colts during the 1947 season.

End (gridiron football)
In gridiron football, an end is a player who lines up at either end of the line of scrimmage, usually beside the tackles.  Rules state that a legal offensive formation must always consist of seven players on the line of scrimmage and that the player on each end of the line is an eligible receiver who can catch forward passes.  There are two types on offense: the split end, or wide out, and the tight end. On defense, the position name survives in the name of the defensive end; in function, this position no longer corresponds to its offensive counterparts, which are defended more commonly by the edge rusher (which is sometimes a defensive end depending on formation) against the tight end and the cornerback against the split end.

It is also used in terminology such as an end run.
Joshua Barton
Joshua Barton (July 28, 1792 – June 30, 1823) was the first Missouri Secretary of State. He was involved in three duels with prominent Missouri politicians before being killed in a duel.

Barton, a younger brother of Senator David Barton, was born in Jefferson County, Tennessee.

He moved to St. Louis, Missouri in 1809.  He studied law under Rufus Easton, who was Missouri Territory's second representative to Congress.  After being admitted to the bar, he and Edward Bates, Missouri's first attorney general, formed a law firm.

Barton was the first Secretary of State, but resigned to become district attorney of St. Louis, Missouri.

Rufus Easton
Rufus Easton (May 4, 1774 – July 5, 1834) was an American attorney, politician, and postmaster. He served as a non-voting delegate to the United States House of Representatives from the Missouri Territory prior to statehood. After statehood he became Missouri's second Attorney General. Rufus Easton was the founder of Alton, Illinois, and father of women's education pioneer Mary Easton Sibley.
Howrey (surname)
Howrey is a surname. People with this surname include:

E. Philip Howrey (1937–2011), American economist

Edward F. Howrey (1903–1996), Chair of the Federal Trade Commission, and founder of the law firm, Howrey

Meg Howrey, half of the writing duo under the pseudonym Magnus Flyte

Magnus Flyte
Magnus Flyte is the male pseudonym used by writing duo Meg Howrey and Christina Lynch. As Magnus Flyte, they have written two novels, New York Times bestseller City of Dark Magic and City of Lost Dreams, both of which are published by Penguin Books. The persona of Magnus Flyte is characterized by his obscurity and elusive nature regarding the public, as well as his conflicting biographical details.
John Brennan Crutchley
John Brennan Crutchley (October 1, 1946 – March 30, 2002) was an American convicted kidnapper and rapist. A possible serial killer, he was suspected of murdering up to thirty women. He was called the Vampire Rapist because he drained the blood of his one confirmed victim almost to the point of death.

Malabar, Florida
Malabar is a town in Brevard County, Florida. It is part of the Palm Bay–Melbourne–Titusville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,949 at the 2020 United States census, up from 2,757 at the 2010 census.
Joseph C. Johnston
Joseph C. Johnston (October 26, 1938 – September 19, 2015) was an American politician in the state of Iowa.

Joe Johnston was born in Waterloo, Iowa. He was a lawyer. He served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1969 to 1973 as a Democrat. He was the Democratic nominee for U.S. Congress from Iowa's Third District, running unsuccessfully against Republican incumbent Cooper Evans. Following his death, the Iowa House of Representatives passed a resolution "in appreciation of his service."

Iowa House of Representatives
41°35′28″N 93°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.591°N 93.604°W﻿ / 41.591; -93.604

The Iowa House of Representatives is the lower house of the Iowa General Assembly, the upper house being the Iowa Senate. There are 100 seats in the Iowa House of Representatives, representing 100 single-member districts across the state, formed by dividing the 50 Senate districts in half. Each district has a population of approximately 30,464 as of the 2010 United States census. The House of Representatives meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines.

Unlike the upper house, the Iowa Senate, state House representatives serve two-year terms with the whole chamber up for re-election in even-numbered years. There are no term limits for the House.
Taffertia
Taffertia is an extinct genus of cephalopod belonging to the family Hildoceratidae. These cephalopods existed in the Jurassic period, during Toarcian age in the Falciferum zone and possibly only in Exaratum subzone. Its fossils were found in Canada, Morocco, Algeria and Italy.

Toarcian
The Toarcian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, an age and stage in the Early or Lower Jurassic. It spans the time between 184.2 Ma (million years ago) and 174.7 ±0.8 Ma.  It follows the Pliensbachian and is followed by the Aalenian.

The Toarcian Age began with the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event, a major anoxic event associated with marine extinctions and increased global temperatures  that sets its fossil faunas apart from the previous Pliensbachian age. It is believed to have ended with a global cooling event known as the Comptum Cooling Event, although whether it represented a worldwide event is controversial.
Bhojpuri cuisine
Bhojpuri cuisine is a style of food preparation common among the Bhojpuri people of Bihar, Jharkhand and eastern Uttar Pradesh in India, and also the Terai region of Nepal. Bhojpuri foods are mostly mild and tend to be less hot in terms of spices used. The cuisine consists of both vegetable and non-vegetarian dishes.

Terai
The Terai or Tarai is a lowland region in parts of southern Nepal and northern India that lies to the south of the outer foothills of the Himalayas, the Sivalik Hills and north of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. 
This region is characterised by tall grasslands, scrub savannah, sal forests and clay rich swamps. In North India, the Terai spreads from the Yamuna River eastward across Haryana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal. The Terai is part of the Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands ecoregion.
Nepal's Terai stretches over 33,998.8 km2 (13,127.0 sq mi), about 23.1% of Nepal's land area, and lies at an elevation of between 67 and 300 m (220 and 984 ft). The region comprises more than 50 wetlands. North of the Terai rises the Bhabar, a narrow but continuous belt of forest about 8–12 km (5.0–7.5 mi) wide.
Down Ampney
Down Ampney (pronounced Amney) is a medium-sized village located in Cotswold district in Gloucestershire, in England. The population taken at the 2011 census was 644.

It is off the A417 which runs between Cirencester and Faringdon (in Oxfordshire) on the A420, and about 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Cricklade, which is on the A419 which runs from Cirencester to Swindon, Wiltshire.

Cricklade
Cricklade is a town and civil parish on the River Thames in north Wiltshire, England, midway between Swindon and Cirencester. It is the first downstream town on the Thames. The parish population at the 2011 census was 4,227.
Minuscule 692
Minuscule 692 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε1284 (von Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. The manuscript is lacunose. Scrivener labelled it by 596e.

Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener
Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener (29 September 1813 – 30 October 1891) was an English writer and scholar. Additionally, he was a New Testament textual critic and a member of the English New Testament Revision Committee which produced the Revised Version of the Bible. He was prebendary of Exeter, and vicar of Hendon.
Joseph Salmon (cellist)
Joseph Salmon (5 April 1864 – 31 October 1943) was a French cellist, composer and music editor.

Salmon was born in Aix. He studied cello in Paris with Auguste Franchomme. He was a cello professor in Paris, teaching Ricard Pichot Gironès, among others. As a music editor and composer, he published mainly cello music for publisher Éditions Durand and others. He played as a member of the Hayot Trio and Hayot Quartet, with violinist Maurice Hayot and violist Camille Chevillard. He was the cellist when Debussy's Cello Sonata was first played in France, in Paris on 24 March 1917, with the composer as the pianist.

Salmon died in Aix-en-Pévèle.

Éditions Durand
Éditions Durand (French pronunciation: [edisjɔ̃ dyʁɑ̃]) are a music publishing company of French origin, among the most important in the field of classical music, which includes three previously independent publishers:

Éditions Durand — the oldest of the three companies — established in 1869 by Auguste Durand and Louis Schönewerk.

Éditions Salabert established in 1878 by Édouard Salabert and run from 1901 by his son, Francis Salabert

Éditions Eschig established in 1907 by Max Eschig.
...In Color
...In Color is the second studio EP by American rock band The Summer Set, that was released on June 24, 2008, by The Militia Group. It was completed shortly after the band decided to sign with The Militia Group record label. In July, the band went on tour with Anarbor and Eye Alaska. In October, the band supported Sherwood on their tour of the US.

Eye Alaska
Eye Alaska was an American rock band from Orange County, California, formed in 2006.  Two members, Brandon Wronski and Cameron Trowbridge, were former members of Dead Letter Diaries.

Eye Alaska signed to Fearless Records in February 2008, and released their debut EP titled Yellow & Elephant shortly after. They released their debut full-length album, Genesis Underground, on July 7, 2009. Genesis Underground reached No. 38 on the Billboard Top Heatseekers chart.

The band announced via Facebook on September 23, 2011 that they are to cease their existence as Eye Alaska and move on, as individuals, into other areas, not exclusively in music.
Gratias Agit Award
The Gratias Agit Award (Czech: Cena Gratias Agit) is an annual recognition awarded by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic "for the promotion of the good name of the Czech Republic abroad". It was established in 1997 and awards presentations have generally been conducted at the Czernin Palace.

Notable recipients of the award include Leszek Engelking, Patrick Herminie, Martina Sablikova, Jiri Belohlavek, and Norodom Sihamoni.

Leszek Engelking
Leszek Maria Engelking (2 February 1955 – 22 October 2022) was a Polish poet, short story writer, novelist, translator, literary critic, essayist, Polish philologist, and literary academic, scholar, and lecturer.

Engelking translated a vast amount of  literature into Polish, from Spanish, English, Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Slovak but in particular from Czech.
Chevrolet Corvette C5-R
The Chevrolet Corvette C5-R is a grand touring racing car built by Pratt Miller and Chevrolet for competition in endurance racing. The car is based on the C5 generation of the Chevrolet Corvette sports car, yet is designed purely for motorsports use. It became one of the most successful cars in GT categories, with wins at the 24 Hours of Daytona, 12 Hours of Sebring, and 24 Hours of Le Mans, as well as championships in the American Le Mans Series. The Corvette C5-Rs debuted in 1999 and continues to be raced to this day in vintage racing events, although the C5-R was effectively replaced by the Corvette C6.R in 2005.

2005 Spa 24 Hours
The 2005 Proximus 24 Hours of Spa was the 58th running of the Spa 24 Hours and the sixth race for the 2005 FIA GT Championship season. It featured the combination of the FIA GT's two classes (GT1 and GT2) with cars from national and one-make series, designated G2 and G3. It took place on 30 and 31 July 2005 at Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps, Belgium.
The Ark (folk venue)
The Ark, in Ann Arbor, Michigan, is a nationally known acoustic and folk music venue.  It has been in existence in various locations since 1965. It currently seats about 400 and features more than 300 live performances each year.

Artists who have performed at The Ark include The Tallest Man on Earth, Lady Lamb, the Verve Pipe, John Paul White and His Band, Los Lonely Boys, the Milk Carton Kids, Nanci Griffith, Mary Chapin Carpenter, Priscilla Ahn, Tom Paxton, Judy Collins, Arlo Guthrie, The Avett Brothers, Ani DiFranco, Birds of Chicago, The Proclaimers, Mandolin Orange, Ladysmith Black Mambazo, and Lissie.

The improv comedy group The Second City has performed there as well.

Birds of Chicago
Birds of Chicago is an Americana/folk band founded in March 2012 in Chicago, Illinois, United States. The band is led by husband and wife, JT Nero and Allison Russell. Russell is formerly of the Canadian roots act Po' Girl. The duo-fronted band refers to their music as "secular gospel".

Nero, a Midwesterner with strong family ties to Chicago, Illinois, has made the Windy City his home since 2002. Russell grew up in Montreal and has lived with Nero in Chicago since 2009. In 2014, Russell gave birth to their first daughter and hit the road with her four weeks later.
Northwestern Front
The Northwestern Front (Russian: Северо-Западный фронт) was a military formation of the Red Army during the Winter War and World War II. It was operational with the 7th and 13th Armies during the Winter War. It was re-created on 22 June 1941, the first day of the Eastern Front on the basis of the Baltic Special Military District. On 22 June the Front consisted of the 8th, 11th, and 27th Armies, as well as the 5th Airborne Corps and the headquarters of the 65th Rifle Corps.

13th Army (Soviet Union)
The 13th Army (Russian: 13-я армия, romanized: 13-ya armiya, Ukrainian: 13-та армія, romanized: 13-ta armiya) was a name given to several field armies of the Soviet Union's Red Army. Later armies existed until the 1990s, and the army survived as part of the Ukrainian Ground Forces for some years.
Konstantin Olshansky
Konstantin Fyodorovich Olshansky (Russian: Константин Фёдорович Ольшанский, Ukrainian: Костянтин Федорович Ольшанський, romanized: Kostiantyn Fedorovych Olshanskyi; 21 May 1915 – 27 March 1944) was a Senior Lieutenant and Soviet marine of the Black Sea Fleet, born in Prykolotne, Ukraine. He died during an assault on the port of Mykolaiv, Ukraine, formerly Nikolaev, occupied in World War II by German forces, and was posthumously awarded Hero of the Soviet Union.

Prykolotne
Prykolotne (Ukrainian: Приколотне, Russian: Приколотное) is a rural settlement in Kupiansk Raion of Kharkiv Oblast in Ukraine. It is located in the northeast of the oblast, at the source of the Khotomlia, a left tributary of the Donets in the drainage basin of the Don. Prykolotne belongs to Vilkhuvatka rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 1,928 (2022 estimate).
Autonomy Charter of Puerto Rico
The Autonomy Charter of Puerto Rico was, alongside the Autonomy Charter of Cuba, the first Statute of Autonomy granted by Spain to a province, in particular to the Captaincy General of Puerto Rico. It authorized the formation of an autonomous government.

It was granted during the fourth term of the liberal Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1897-99) as Prime Minister, by Royal Decree signed on November 25, 1897, by Queen Regent Maria Christina of Austria on behalf of her son, Alfonso XIII of Spain. It was published in the Gaceta de Madrid on November 28, 1897.

Its promulgation was accompanied by the establishment of universal male suffrage in all overseas provinces.

Universal manhood suffrage
Universal manhood suffrage is a form of voting rights in which all adult male citizens within a political system are allowed to vote, regardless of income, property, religion, race, or any other qualification. It is sometimes summarized by the slogan, "one man, one vote".
Exit 67
Exit 67 (French: Sortie 67) is a 2010 French-Canadian (Quebec) film written and directed by Jephté Bastien.

The film was shot in French, English and Creole language and is set around Montreal's street gangs. In an interview with Montreal's La Presse columnist Rima Elkouri, director Jephté Bastien states that the death of his 16 years old nephew inspired him to make the film.

The film had its world premiere at the 2010 edition of Montreal's Fantasia Festival. It was named the winner of the Claude Jutra Award for the best feature film by a first-time film director, at the 31st Genie Awards.

La Presse
La Presse is a French-language online newspaper published daily in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Founded in 1884, it is now owned by an independent nonprofit trust.

La Presse was formerly a broadsheet daily, considered a newspaper of record in Canada. Its Sunday edition was discontinued in 2009, and the weekday edition in 2016. The weekend Saturday printed edition was discontinued on 31 December 2017, turning La Presse into an entirely online newspaper.