hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grange in Borrowdale
Grange, often called Grange in Borrowdale, is a village in Borrowdale in the English Lake District. It lies just off the B5289 road to the south of Derwent Water and 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Keswick, in the county of Cumbria, historically part of Cumberland,

The village is overlooked by Grange Fell and Castle Crag, which flank either side of the narrow section of Borrowdale in which it sits. Its origins date back to medieval times, when the monks of Furness Abbey built a monastic grange on the site. The double-arched bridge that links the village to the B5289 across the River Derwent was built in 1675. Holy Trinity Church followed in 1861.

The novelist Hugh Walpole owned Brackenburn, a large house about 1 mile (1.6 km) to the north of Grange, and lived there from 1924 until his death in 1941.

Monastic grange
Monastic granges were outlying landholdings held by monasteries independent of the manorial system. The first granges were owned by the Cistercians, and other orders followed. Wealthy monastic houses had many granges, most of which were largely agricultural providing food for the monastic community. A grange might be established adjacent to the monastery, but others were established wherever it held lands, some at a considerable distance. Some granges were worked by lay-brothers belonging to the order, others by paid labourers.

Granges could be of six known types: agrarian; sheep runs; cattle ranges and holdings; horse studs; fisheries; industrial complexes. Industrial granges were significant in the development of medieval industries, particularly iron working.
Disley Tunnel
Disley Tunnel was built by the Midland Railway in 1902 on its line between New Mills South Junction and Manchester Central, which was more direct than the congested and difficult lines through Stockport Tiviot Dale.

It was the most expensive work on the line and at 2 miles, 346 yards (3,535 m), the second-longest tunnel on the Midland system.

By means of a connection on to the old LNWR line from Buxton at Hazel Grove that was opened in 1986, it is now part of the Hope Valley Line into the present-day Stockport railway station.

There is also a short (174 yard) Disley Tunnel nearby on the Buxton Line.

Manchester Central railway station
Manchester Central was a railway station in Manchester city centre, England. One of Manchester's main railway terminals between 1880 and 1969, the building was converted into an exhibition and conference centre which was opened in 1986; originally known as G-MEX, it is now named Manchester Central. The structure is a Grade II* listed building.

On 27 March 2020, the UK government announced that the building would be converted into an emergency hospital, intended to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic and with 1,000 beds. It was opened in April 2020 and closed in March 2021.
Ziad al-Khasawneh
Ziyad Al-Khasawneh is a Jordanian lawyer who headed a team of over 3000 defense lawyers for former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein. He resigned as head of the defense team on July 7, 2005, after a dispute with Saddam Hussein's daughter, Raghad.

Al-Khasawneh
Al-Khasawneh or Khasawneh (Arabic: الخصاونه) (other transliterations include Khassawneh, Khasoneh, Khassaweneh, Khasawinah, Khassawnih, Khasawnih, Khasawineh, Khassawineh, Khassawneh, Khasawne, Khasawna, and Khasawnah all of which may also be preceded by 'Al' or 'El'), is a prominent Arab clan descending from the noble family of Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq and Imam Husayn ibn Ali. The Al-Khasawneh tribe is prominent in the Bani Obeid District (بني عبيد) in the Irbid governorate in Jordan specially An Nuaiyymah, Aydoun, and Al Husn.
Atlas (Pittsburgh automobile)
The Atlas car was built in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in  1906–1907. The Atlas Automobile Company was established on College Avenue in the East End of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in late 1906 in a "fireproof garage."  It was a four-cylinder car rated at 25/30 hp with shaft drive and a 3-speed sliding gear transmission. It was offered as a touring car or runabout. The firm was out of business by the next year.

Runabout (car)
A runabout is a car body style popular in the 1910s, based on the horse-drawn runabout carriage.

It was popular in North America from 1900 to about 1915. It was a light, basic style with no windshield, top, or doors and a single row of seats. Runabouts eventually became indistinguishable from roadsters and the term fell out of use in the United States. The approach has evolved into the modern "city car".
Lipkind
Lipkind is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Emmanuil Lipkind (1928–2007), Russian-Israeli painter

Gavriel Lipkind (born 1977), Israeli classical cellist

Goodman Lipkind (1878–1973), rabbi

William Lipkind (1904–1974), American writer

Gavriel Lipkind
Gavriel Lipkind (Hebrew: גבריאל ליפקינד; born 1977) is an Israeli classical cellist based in The Netherlands. Lipkind made his radio debut performance aged eight, left Israel at an age of about 18, and received degrees from three music colleges. He won awards in music competitions and performed with orchestras until 2002, when he took time off from touring for three years to study music and revise his repertoire. Lipkind released two albums in 2006 and tours solo and with the Lipkind-Quartet.
2009 RFL Championship
The 2009 RFL Championship (known as the  Co-operative Championship for sponsorship reasons) was the 1st season of the RFL Championship under its current name and the 42nd season under its current league status.

There was no automatic promotion to Super League due to licensing being used. Qualifying for the Grand Final is a prerequisite for Championship clubs to be able to apply for license in the next round of applications for the 2012–14 period.

The Grand Final was won by Barrow Raiders, who also won the League leaders Shield, beating Halifax 26-18.

Toulouse Olympique were exempt from relegation meaning Leigh Centurions were relegated along with bottom placed Doncaster. Following the completion of the season, Gateshead Thunder were eliminated following salary cap breaches and subsequently relegated, meaning Leigh Centurions retained their place in the Championship.

2012–2014 Super League licences
The 2012–14 Super League licences were awarded following the second round of licensing for the Super League rugby league competition. Successful applicants were given a three-year licence to compete in Super League, the premier rugby league competition in Europe.
John A. Hawkins (linguist)
John A. Hawkins is Professor of English and Applied Linguistics at the Research Centre for English and Applied Linguistics (RCEAL) at the University of Cambridge. As of 2007 he is also a professor in the Department of Linguistics at UC Davis.

His main research interests are in English grammar, psycholinguistics, language universals, linguistic typology and historical linguistics.

Applied linguistics
Applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary field which identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems. Some of the academic fields related to applied linguistics are education, psychology, communication research, information science, natural language processing, anthropology, and sociology. Applied linguistics is a practical use of language.
Kalamazoo Wings (1974–2000)
The Kalamazoo Wings, nicknamed the K-Wings, were a professional ice hockey team in Kalamazoo, Michigan. The team played in the International Hockey League from the 1974–75 season to the 1999–2000 season. The team played in Wings Stadium and was affiliated with the National Hockey League's Detroit Red Wings, Minnesota North Stars, and the Dallas Stars.

Rob Brown (ice hockey)
Robert William Brown (born April 10, 1968) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right winger.

He is best known for his time spent playing for the Pittsburgh Penguins from his debut in 1987 until 1990, and then again from 1997 until 2000. Between and following these stints, Brown shuffled between minor league teams in the International Hockey League (IHL) and other NHL teams, including the Hartford Whalers, Chicago Blackhawks, Dallas Stars, and Los Angeles Kings.
Ezekiel 20
Ezekiel 20 is the twentieth chapter of the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet/priest Ezekiel, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. In chapters 20 to 24 there are "further predictions regarding the fall of Jerusalem". In this chapter, Ezekiel speaks on God's behalf to some of the elders of Israel.

Ezekiel
Ezekiel, also spelled Ezechiel (/ɪˈziːkiəl/; Hebrew: יְחֶזְקֵאל, romanized: Yəḥezqēl [jə.ħɛzˈqeːl]; Koine Greek: Ἰεζεκιήλ, romanized: Iezekiḗl [i.ɛ.zɛ.kiˈel]), was an Israelite priest. The Book of Ezekiel, relating his visions and acts, is named after him.

The Abrahamic religions acknowledge Ezekiel as a prophet. According to the narrative, Ezekiel prophesied the destruction of Judah's capital city Jerusalem. In 587 BC, the Neo-Babylonian Empire conquered Jerusalem, destroyed Solomon's Temple, and sent the Judahite upper classes into the Babylonian captivity.

However, Ezekiel also prophesied the eventual restoration of the Jewish people to the Land of Israel. It is believed he died around 570 BC; Ezekiel's Tomb is a Jewish religious site in Mesopotamia. Three decades later, in 539 BC, the Persian empire conquered Babylon and the Edict of Cyrus repatriated the exiles.

The name "Ezekiel" means "God is strong" or "God strengthens" in Hebrew.
FTSE China A50 Index
FTSE China A50 Index (was known as FTSE–Xinhua China A50 Index) is a stock market index by FTSE Group (FTSE–Xinhua joint venture until 2010), the components were chosen from Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange, which issue A-share; B-share (share for foreigners) were not included.

Other similar product were CSI 300 Index (and the sub-index CSI 100) by China Securities Index Company and "Dow Jones China 88 Index" by S&P Dow Jones Indices. For top 50 companies in the Shanghai Stock Exchange, see SSE 50 Index, For top 100 companies in the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, see SZSE 100 Index.

B-share (mainland China)
B shares (Chinese: B股, officially Domestically Listed Foreign Investment Shares) on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges refers to those that are traded in foreign currencies. Shares that are traded on the two mainland Chinese stock exchanges in Renminbi, the currency in mainland China, are called A shares.
Treaty of Resht
The Treaty of Resht was signed between the Russian Empire and Safavid Empire in Rasht on 21 January 1732. According to this treaty Russia waived its claim to any territory south of the Kura River. This included return of the provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran, and Astarabad, conquered by Peter I in the early 1720s. The Iranian cities of Derbent, Tarki, Ganja, etc. north of the Kura river would be returned three years later. In return, the Iranians, now de facto ruled by the militarily successful Nader, granted trade privileges to Russian merchants and promised to restore the Georgian king Vakhtang VI, then residing in exile in Russia, on the throne of Kartli as soon as the Ottoman troops could be expelled from that country. The provisions were confirmed by the 1735 Treaty of Ganja, according which treaty all the regions north of the Kura river were returned as well.

Tarki
Tarki (Kumyk: Таргъу, Tarğu; Russian: Тарки́) formerly also spelled Tarkou and also known as Tarku, is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) under the administrative jurisdiction of Sovetsky City District of the City of Makhachkala in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia, located on the Tarki-tau (Kumyk: Tarğu-taw) mountain. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 15,356.
Thomas White (musician)
Thomas White (born 30 April 1984) is an English musician. White, along with his brother Alex, forms the nucleus of psych-pop band the Electric Soft Parade.

White has released four albums and a six-track EP, and has contributed vocals and guitar to cult Brighton super-group Brakes. He has worked as a session player for Patrick Wolf, Sea Power, Levellers and Sparks.

Patrick Wolf
Patrick Wolf (born Patrick Denis Apps; 30 June 1983) is an English singer-songwriter from South London. Wolf uses a wide variety of instruments in his music, most commonly the ukulele, piano, and viola. He is known for combining electronic sampling with classical instruments. Wolf's styles range from electronic pop to Baroque chamber music.
Jeff Lloyd (American football)
Jeffrey John Lloyd (born March 14, 1954) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL).  He played college football for the West Texas A&M Buffaloes and played in NFL for the Buffalo Bills and Kansas City Chiefs.

At West Texas A&M University Lloyd played as an offensive lineman and was selected to play in the Senior Bowl after the 1975 season.

Lloyd was selected by the Seattle Seahawks with the 62 pick in the 3rd round of the 1976 NFL draft.  The Seahawks waived him before the 1976 season.  He then signed with the Bills before the season started, and played in 9 games for the Bills in 1976.  The Chiefs signed him after the 1977 season.  He played in all 16 regular season games for the Chiefs in 1978, starting 4 and recovering one fumble.

Waivers (NFL)
Waivers are a National Football League (NFL) labor management procedure by which a team makes an American football player's contract or NFL rights (such as NFL draft rights to an unsigned player) available to all other teams.
IC 3370
IC 3370 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation of Centaurus. It is located 156 million light-years from Earth. It was discovered by American astronomer Lewis Swift on 30 January 1898. According to the SIMBAD database, IC 3370 is said to be a LINER galaxy but also a Seyfert type II galaxy. The luminosity of the galaxy is estimated to have a B magnitude of -22.3, similar to other elliptical galaxies.

Low-ionization nuclear emission-line region
A low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER) is a type of galactic nucleus that is defined by its spectral line emission.  The spectra typically include line emission from weakly ionized or neutral atoms, such as O, O+, N+, and S+.  Conversely, the spectral line emission from strongly ionized atoms, such as O++, Ne++, and He+, is relatively weak.  The class of galactic nuclei was first identified by Timothy Heckman in the third of a series of papers on the spectra of galactic nuclei that were published in 1980.
Hardiman (surname)
Hardiman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adrian Hardiman (1951–2016), justice of the Irish Supreme Court

Alfred Frank Hardiman (1891–1949), English sculptor

Derek Hardiman (born 1981), Irish hurler

James Hardiman (1782–1855), Irish librarian and author

Neasa Hardiman, Irish director

Paul Hardiman (born 1955), British music producer

Rachel Hardiman (born 1961), Irish cricketer

Ronan Hardiman (born 1961), Irish composer

Terrence Hardiman (1937–2023), English actor

Thomas Hardiman (born 1965), American judge

Tom Hardiman (born 1985), British film director and screenwriter

Vertus Hardiman (1922–2007), American victim of a radiation experiment

Thomas Hardiman
Thomas Michael Hardiman (born 1965) is a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. Nominated by President George W. Bush, he began active service on April 2, 2007. He maintains chambers in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and was previously a United States district judge.

In 2017, Hardiman was a finalist to succeed Antonin Scalia as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, alongside the eventual nominee, Neil Gorsuch. The next year, after Justice Anthony Kennedy had announced his retirement from the Supreme Court, Hardiman was once again considered to be a frontrunner to fill the vacant seat, though it was eventually filled by Brett Kavanaugh.
Ravula Chandrasekhar Reddy
Ravula Chandrasekhar Reddy is a politician from the Indian state of Telangana who is a former member of the legislative assembly representing Wanaparthy constituency in United Andhra Pradesh. He also served as a Member of Parliament of the Rajya Sabha from Mahbubnagar. He Joined th Bharat Rashtra Samithi (BRS) prior to the 2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election

2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election
The 2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election was held on 30 November 2023 to elect all 119 members of Telangana Legislative Assembly for its third term. The votes were counted and the results were declared on 3 December 2023.

The Indian National Congress (INC) along with its ally Communist Party of India (CPI) won a majority with 65 seats against the incumbent Bharat Rashtra Samithi (BRS)'s 39 seats. With a victory for the first time after the formation of Telangana, it strengthened its position in southern India following its recent success in Karnataka. The BRS and then-CM K. Chandrashekar Rao suffered a major loss in the elections by losing in one of his contended seats after being in power for two terms.
S. C. Sadayappa Mudaliar
S. C. Sadayappa Mudaliar was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly as an Indian National Congress candidate from Arakkonam constituency in 1957 election.

1957 Madras State Legislative Assembly election
The second legislative assembly election to the Madras state (presently Tamil Nadu) was held on 31 March 1957. This was the first election held after the linguistic reorganisation of Madras State in 1956. Indian National Congress and its leader, K. Kamaraj won the election and defeated their rival, Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. In 1954, due to the resignation of C. Rajagopalachari, for his controversial Kula Kalvi Thittam, the leadership of Congress was contested between K. Kamaraj, and C. Subramaniam (who got the support of M. Bhaktavatsalam). Eventually, K. Kamaraj, won the support of the party, was elected leader and chief minister of Madras State in 1954.  In a surprise move, he appointed both M. Bhaktavatsalam and C. Subramaniam, to his cabinet, allowing great unity amongst the Congress that ruled the state of Madras, for the next decade. This election saw future DMK leaders M. Karunanidhi and K. Anbazhagan win their first MLA seats in the legislative assembly.
Thomas Wood (Somerset cricketer)
Thomas Wood (2 June 1861 – 15 March 1933) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Somerset in 1894. He was born at Leominster, Herefordshire and died at Potchefstroom, Transvaal, South Africa.

Wood was an opening or middle-order batsman who kept wicket on occasion for amateur Somerset sides in non-first-class matches between 1886 and 1894. In his one first-class appearance he batted in middle-order and did not keep wicket; he scored 11 in Somerset's only innings in the home match against Lancashire.

Potchefstroom
Potchefstroom (locally /ˈpɒtʃɛfstrʊərm/ POTCH-ef-stroorm; Afrikaans pronunciation: [ˌpɔtʃɛfˈstruəm]), known colloquially as Potch, is an academic city in the North West Province of South Africa. It hosts the Potchefstroom Campus of North-West University. Potchefstroom is situated on the Mooi River (Afrikaans for "pretty river"), approximately 120 km (75 mi) west-southwest of Johannesburg and 45 km (28 mi) east-northeast of Klerksdorp.
Benjamin Oliver Foster
Benjamin Oliver Foster (1872–1938) was an American classical philologist and professor at Stanford University. He is known for his translation of the first five volumes of Livy's Ab Urbe Condita (Books 1–22) for the Loeb Classical Library.

History of Rome (Livy)
The History of Rome, perhaps originally titled Annales, and known since late antiquity as Ab Urbe Condita (English: From the Founding of the City), is a monumental history of ancient Rome, written in Latin between 27 and 9 BC by the Roman historian Titus Livius, better known in English as "Livy". The work covers the period from the legends concerning the arrival of Aeneas and the refugees from the fall of Troy, to the city's founding in 753 BC, the expulsion of the Kings in 509 BC, and down to Livy's own time, during the reign of the emperor Augustus. The last event covered by Livy is the death of Drusus in 9 BC. 35 of 142 books, about a quarter of the work, are still extant. The surviving books deal with the events down to 293 BC (books 1–10), and from 219 to 166 BC (books 21–45).
Willis S. Olson
Willis Stuart Olson (January 3, 1930 – April 9, 2021) was an American ski jumper. He competed in the normal hill at the 1952 and 1956 Winter Olympics and placed 22nd and 43rd, respectively. Olson won the NCAA ski jumping championships for the University of Denver in 1954-56 and another national title in 1958. In 1965 he moved to the veteran's category, winning the national veteran's championships in 1965, 1966 and 1968. Olson was inducted into the US Ski and Snowboard Hall of Fame in 1972.

National Ski Hall of Fame
The U.S. Ski and Snowboard Hall of Fame and Museum is located in Ishpeming, Michigan, the birthplace of organized skiing in the United States. Located in the state's Upper Peninsula, the building includes the hall of fame and museum, as well as a theater, library, gift shop, offices, and ample storage space for archive material and collections. The current building opened in 1992.
Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes
Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes is a Spanish economist, a Professor in the Economics and Business Management faculty at the University of California, Merced and a Professor and Department Chair at San Diego State University. Since 2015, she has been the Western Representative for a standing committee called the Committee for the Status of Women in the Economics Profession (CSWEP). Her field of work focuses on the fundamentals of labour economics and international migration, particularly the nature of immigration policies and its impact on migrant's assimilation into the community at a state and local level. Amuedo-Dorantes has published multiple articles in refereed journals including Journal of Public Economics, Journal of Population Economics, International Migration, and Journal of Development Economics.

Journal of Development Economics
The Journal of Development Economics is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Elsevier. It was established in 1974 and is considered the top field journal in development economics.

Its editor-in-chief from 1985 to 2003 was Pranab Bardhan, who has been the longest-serving JDE editor to date. He followed T.N. Srinivasan, and Lance Taylor as Editors since the journal was established in 1974. He was succeeded by Mark Rosenzweig (2003-2009) and Maitreesh Ghatak (2009-2015). The current editor-in-chief is Andrew Foster, who started in 2016.