hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arrowsmith (novel)
Arrowsmith is a novel by American author Sinclair Lewis, first published in 1925. It won the 1926 Pulitzer Prize (which Lewis declined). Lewis was greatly assisted in its preparation by science writer Paul de Kruif, who received 25% of the royalties on sales, although Lewis was listed as the sole author.

Arrowsmith is an early major novel dealing with the culture of science.  It was written in the period after the reforms of medical education flowing from the Flexner Report on Medical Education in the United States and Canada: A Report to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, 1910, which had called on medical schools in the United States to adhere to mainstream science in their teaching and research.

The book was adapted by Hollywood as Arrowsmith in 1931, starring Ronald Colman and Helen Hayes.

Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching
The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching (CFAT) is a U.S.-based education policy and research center. It was founded by Andrew Carnegie in 1905 and chartered in 1906 by an act of the United States Congress. Among its most notable accomplishments are the development of the Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association (TIAA), the Flexner Report on medical education, the Carnegie Unit, the Educational Testing Service, and the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education.
Basic Economics
Basic Economics is a non-fiction book by American economist Thomas Sowell published by Basic Books in 2000. The original subtitle was A Citizen's Guide to the Economy, but from the third edition in 2007 on it was subtitled A Common Sense Guide to the Economy.

Basic Economics is focused on how societies create prosperity or poverty for their peoples by the way they organize their economies.

Basic Books
Basic Books is a book publisher founded in 1950 and located in New York City, now an imprint of Hachette Book Group. It publishes books in the fields of psychology, philosophy, economics, science, politics, sociology, current affairs, and history.
Polar Science
Polar Science is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research related to the polar regions of the Earth and other planets. It is published by Elsevier on behalf of the National Institute of Polar Research (Japan). It covers a wide range of fields, including atmospheric science, oceanography, glaciology and environmental science. The editor-in-chief is Takashi Yamanouchi (National Institute of Polar Research and Sōkendai).

The journal is hybrid open access. By paying a fee, authors can choose to make their papers open access at the time of publication. All papers that are over 24 months old are freely available to the community via ScienceDirect.

The Graduate University for Advanced Studies
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI (総合研究大学院大学, Sōgō kenkyū daigakuin daigaku) is one of the national universities of Japan, headquartered in Shonan Village in the town of Hayama in Kanagawa Prefecture. Sōkendai (総研大), as it is generally called in its abbreviated form, was established in 1988, with Dr. Saburo Nagakura as its president. SOKENDAI is the first national university in Japan having offered exclusively graduate programs. Graduate students are trained at affiliated research institutes distributed around Japan and the world. It has both five-year doctoral programs for students with a bachelor's degree and three-year programs for those with a master's degree.
Alexandru Balaban
Alexandru T. Balaban (born April 2, 1931 in Timișoara) is a Romanian chemist who made significant contributions to the fields of organic chemistry, theoretical chemistry, mathematical chemistry, and chemical graph theory.

Romanian Academy
The Romanian Academy (Romanian: Academia Română [akadeˈmi.a roˈmɨnə]) is a cultural forum founded in Bucharest, Romania, in 1866. It covers the scientific, artistic and literary domains. The academy has 181 active members who are elected for life.

According to its bylaws, the academy's main goals are the cultivation of Romanian language and Romanian literature, the study of the national history of Romania and research into major scientific domains. Some of the academy's fundamental projects are the Romanian language dictionary (Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române), the dictionary of Romanian literature, and the treatise on the history of the Romanian people.
Velykyi Loh
Velykyi Loh (Ukrainian: Великий Лог; Russian: Великий Лог, romanized: Velikiy Log) is a rural settlement in Molodohvardiisk urban hromada, Luhansk Raion, Luhansk Oblast (region), Ukraine. Population: 586 (2022 estimate)

Luhansk Raion
Luhansk Raion (Ukrainian: Луганський район; Russian: Луганский район) is a prospective raion (district) of Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine. It was formally created in July 2020 as part of a reformation of Ukraine's administrative divisions. The center of the raion is in the city of Luhansk. Population: 527,367 (2022 estimate). However the territory of the raion has been controlled since its creation by the pro-Russian Luhansk People's Republic, who continue to use the old, pre-2020 administrative divisions of Ukraine which only makes the Raion de-jure.
Anubanini
Anubanini, also Anobanini (Akkadian: 𒀭𒉡𒁀𒉌𒉌: An-nu-ba-ni-ni; fl. c. 2300 BC), was a Chief (𒈗 Šàr, pronounced Shar) of the pre-Iranian tribal kingdom of Lullubi in the Zagros Mountains circa 2300 BC, or relatively later during the Isin-Larsa period of Mesopotamia, circa 2000-1900 BC. He is known especially from the Anubanini rock relief, located in Kermanshah Province, Iran.

According to an inscription, Annubanini seems to have been contemporary with Simurrum king Iddin-Sin. Another well-known Lullubi chief is Satuni, who was vanquished by the Mesopotamian king Naram-Sin around 2250 BC.

Simurrum
Simurrum (Akkadian: 𒋛𒈬𒌨𒊑𒅎: Si-mu-ur-ri-im) was an important city state of the Mesopotamian area from around 2000 BCE to 1500 BCE, during the period of the Akkadian Empire down to Ur III. The Simurrum Kingdom disappears from records after the Old Babylonian period. It has been
proposed that in Old Babylonian times its name was Zabban, a notable cult center of Adad. It was neighbor and sometimes ally with the Lullubi kingdom. Zabban is noted as a
cult center of Adad into the Neo-Babylonian period.
2021–22 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season
The 2021–22 season was West Bromwich Albion's 144th year in their history, and first season back in the Championship, since the 2019–20 season, following relegation in the previous season. Along with the league, the club also competed in the FA Cup and the EFL Cup. The season covered the period from 1 July 2021 to 30 June 2022.

2019–20 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season
The 2019–20 season was West Bromwich Albion's second consecutive season in the Championship since 2017–18 and their 142nd year in existence. This season, the club participated in the Championship, the FA Cup and the League Cup. The season covered the period from 1 July 2019 to 22 July 2020.

Albion finished as runners-up in the Championship, thus gaining automatic promotion to the Premier League. They became the first club to achieve a fifth Premier League promotion.
LEVC TX
The LEVC TX (previously known as the TX5) is a purpose-built hackney carriage manufactured by the British commercial vehicle maker London EV Company (LEVC), a subsidiary of the Chinese carmaker Geely. It is the latest in a succession of purpose-built hackney carriages produced by LEVC and various predecessor entities. The LEVC TX is a plug-in hybrid range-extender electric vehicle.

The vehicle is designed to comply with Transport for London’s Taxi Private Hire regulations, which banned new diesel-powered taxis from January 2018, requiring zero-emissions capability.

Zero-emissions vehicle
A zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) is a vehicle that does not emit exhaust gas or other pollutants from the onboard source of power. The California definition also adds that this includes under any and all possible operational modes and conditions. This is because under cold-start conditions for example, internal combustion engines tend to produce the maximum amount of pollutants. In a number of countries and states, transport is cited as the main source of greenhouse gases (GHG) and other pollutants. The desire to reduce this is thus politically strong.
William Outten
William Robert "Bobby" Outten (October 1, 1948 – March 17, 2020) was an American politician. He was a Republican member of the Delaware House of Representatives from 2005 to 2019, representing District 30. Outten earned an AA in business administration from Delaware Technical Community College. He died in 2020 at the age of 71.

Delaware Technical Community College
Delaware Technical Community College (previously  Delaware Technical & Community College, also known as DTCC, Delaware Tech, or Del Tech) is a public community college in the U.S. state of Delaware. Delaware Tech is an open admission institution accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

The college offers two Bachelor of Science degrees, more than 100 associate degrees, diplomas, and numerous certificate programs. Of these programs, 48 are accredited degree programs with articulation agreements with 61 other higher learning institutions. It is the only community college in the state.  The four-component campuses that make up the college are the Jack F. Owens Campus in Georgetown, Delaware, the Stanton Campus in Stanton, Delaware, the Charles L. Terry Campus in Dover, and the Orlando J. George Jr. Campus in Wilmington, Delaware.
Mikki
Mikki is a given name. Notable people with the name include:

Mikki Osei Berko (born 1973), Ghanaian-born actor

Mikki Daughtry, American screenwriter and young adult fiction author

Mikki Hebl, American psychologist

Mikki Kendall (born 1976), American author, activist, and cultural critic

Mikki Kunttu, Finnish lighting and set designer

Mikki Moore (born 1975), American professional basketball player

Mikki Norris (born 1952), American drug policy activist, politician and author

Mikki Padilla (born 1974), American actress, model and writer

Mikki Piras, American slalom canoer who competed in the mid-1970s

Mikki van Sas (born 2004), Dutch professional footballer

Fictional characters:

Mikki (Kiba), a character on Kiba

Mikki Diamond, a character on Ace of Wands

Mikki Hiiri, the finnish name for Mickey Mouse

Ace of Wands (TV series)
Ace of Wands is a British fantasy children's television show broadcast on ITV between 1970 and 1972. Created by Trevor Preston and Pamela Lonsdale and produced by Thames Television, the series starred Michael MacKenzie as Tarot. It ran for two seasons of thirteen episodes and a third season of twenty.
Brownville, Florida
Brownville is an unincorporated community in DeSoto County, Florida, United States, located 6 miles (9.7 km) north northeast of the city of Arcadia.

Brownville, originally named Haymanville, was founded prior to the US Civil War, and by the late 1800s, it was one of several stations on the Florida Southern Railway (later the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad). The community was originally located in Manatee County, until the creation of DeSoto County. Brownville was under consideration for county seat of DeSoto County, but that honor went to nearby Arcadia.

The Brownville area attracted more than 300 residents circa 1920. The closures of the Brownville School and the Brownville Post Office occurred in 1948 and 1952, respectively.

Atlantic Coast Line Railroad
The Atlantic Coast Line Railroad (reporting mark ACL) was a United States Class I railroad formed in 1900, though predecessor railroads had used the ACL brand since 1871. In 1967, it merged with long-time rival Seaboard Air Line Railroad to form the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad. Much of the original ACL network has been part of CSX Transportation since 1986.

The Atlantic Coast Line served the Southeast, with a concentration of lines in Florida. Numerous named passenger trains were operated by the railroad for Florida-bound tourists, with the Atlantic Coast Line contributing significantly to Florida's economic development in the first half of the 20th century.

At the end of 1925, ACL operated 4,924 miles of road, not including its flock of subsidiaries; after some merging, mileage at the end of 1960 was 5,570 not including A&WP, CN&L, East Carolina, Georgia, Rockingham, and V&CS. In 1960, ACL reported 10,623 million net ton-miles of revenue freight and 490 million passenger-miles.
Elections in Tanzania
Elections in Tanzania occur on both the local and national levels. The local government holds elections for street or village chair people. General elections at the national level elect the President and the members of the National Assembly. The president is elected for a five-year term.

President of Tanzania
The President of the United Republic of Tanzania (Swahili: Rais wa Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania) is the head of state and head of government of Tanzania.

Samia Suluhu Hassan, sworn in on 19 March 2021, is the first female president of the United Republic of Tanzania. She succeeded John Magufuli following his death on 17 March 2021.
Gia Dinh Bao
Gia Định Báo (chữ Hán: 嘉定報), was the first Vietnamese newspaper. It was published in Saigon from 1865 to 1910. Pétrus Ky was the editor in chief. "Gia Định" is a historical name for Saigon, now Ho Chi Minh City. It was a gazette that published official and legal documents, although it also included articles on Vietnamese culture and agriculture. Woodblock printing in Chinese characters remained the norm until the early 20th century, so the paper's use of the modern typography and the Latin alphabet were innovations. In the 1890s, it was Vietnam's newspaper of record.

The first issue of the newspaper is dated April 15, 1865, and regular publication ended in 1897. The last issue is dated December 31, 1909. The format is 25 x 32 cm. It was published weekly and the price was 0.97 dong. It was four pages long, later expanded to 12.

Many of the newspaper's contributors were Catholics.

Chữ Hán
Chữ Hán (Vietnamese: 𡨸漢 [t͡ɕɯ˦ˀ˥ haːn˧˦] ⓘ, lit. 'Han characters') are the Chinese characters that were used to write Literary Chinese (Hán văn; 漢文) and Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary in Vietnamese. They were officially used in Vietnam after the Red River Delta region was annexed into the Han dynasty and continued to be used until the early 20th century.
White House Office of the Curator
The White House Office of the Curator is charged with the conservation and study of the collection of fine art, furniture, and decorative objects used to furnish both the public and private rooms of the White House as an official residence and as an accredited historic house museum.

The office began in 1961 during the administration of President John F. Kennedy while First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy oversaw the restoration of the White House. The office is located in the ground floor of the White House Executive Residence. The office, headed by the curator of the White House, includes an associate curator, an assistant curator, and a curatorial assistant. The office works with the chief usher, the Committee for the Preservation of the White House, and the White House Historical Association.

The most recent White House curator is Donna Hayashi Smith, appointed in May 2024. Previously it was Lydia Tederick, appointed in 2017.

Historic house museum
A historic house museum is a house of historic significance that is preserved as a museum. Historic furnishings may be displayed in a way that reflects their original placement and usage in a home. Historic house museums are held to a variety of standards, including those of the International Council of Museums. Houses are transformed into museums for a number of different reasons. For example, the homes of famous writers are frequently turned into writer's home museums to support literary tourism.
Ralph Goodale
Ralph Edward Goodale (born October 5, 1949) is a Canadian diplomat and retired politician who served as the Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom from 2021 to 2025.

Goodale was first elected in 1974 as the member of Parliament (MP) for Assiniboia, as a member of the Liberal Party. He was defeated in 1979, and moved into provincial Saskatchewan politics, serving as leader of the Saskatchewan Liberals from 1981 to 1988. He returned to federal politics in 1993, as the MP for Regina—Wascana (known simply as Wascana from 1997 to 2015), and served in the governments of Jean Chrétien, Paul Martin and Justin Trudeau, in several roles including as minister of finance and minister of public safety. He was defeated in 2019 and retired from politics.

Minister of Finance (Canada)
The minister of finance (French: ministre des Finances) is the minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet, who is responsible for overseeing the Department of Finance and presenting the federal government's budget each year. It is one of the most important positions in the Cabinet.

François-Philippe Champagne is the 42nd and current finance minister, assuming the role March 14, 2025 as a member of the new 30th Canadian Ministry of Mark Carney.
AH62
Asian Highway 62 (AH62) is an international route running 2,105 kilometres (1,308 mi) from Petropavlovsk in Kazakhstan to Mazar-i-Sharif in Afghanistan. This international highway transits Uzbekistan also.

Kyzylorda
Kyzylorda is a city in south-central Kazakhstan, capital of Kyzylorda Region and former capital of the Kazakh ASSR from 1925 to 1927.

The city has a population of 242,462 (2020). It historically developed around the Syr Darya river and was the site of a Kokand fortress. The population of the city with nearby villages is 312,861 (2020).
María Ángeles Martín Prats
María Ángeles Martín Prats (born 7 February 1971) is a Spanish engineer and entrepreneur. She is the director of aeronautical research within the University of Seville's ICT-109 Electronic Technology Group, a Senior Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and founder of the spin-off Skylife Engineering. She is a board member of the Partnership of a European Group of Aeronautics and Space Universities (PEGASUS), and is the European university coordinator of the European Defence Agency (EDA). She is also a member of the Scientific Committee of the European Commission's Clean Sky Joint Undertaking. In 2015, she was granted the Order of Civil Merit by King Felipe VI, and in 2018 she received the Ada Byron Award from the University of Deusto.

Aeronautics
Aeronautics is the science or art involved with the study, design, and manufacturing of air flight-capable machines, and the techniques of operating aircraft and rockets within the atmosphere. 
While the term originally referred solely to operating the aircraft, it has since been expanded to include technology, business, and other aspects related to aircraft. The term "aviation" is sometimes used interchangeably with aeronautics, although "aeronautics" includes lighter-than-air craft such as airships, and includes ballistic vehicles while "aviation" technically does not.

A significant part of aeronautical science is a branch of dynamics called aerodynamics, which deals with the motion of air and the way that it interacts with objects in motion, such as an aircraft.
Mohd Rafdi Abdul Rashid
Rafdi Rashid (born 21 January 1977) is a former Malaysian footballer.

The Kedah-born striker has been playing for several team in his career such Kedah, Perlis and Perak.
He played for national Olympic 2000 team and had short stint with main national senior team.

He was considered a hero for Kedah and Perak fans, after getting their team to final match of Malaysia Cup and eventually becomes a hot prospect. After getting serious injury when playing with Perak, he has mutually terminate he contract and signed with Sarawak FA.

Malaysia national under-23 football team
Malaysia national under-23 football team (Malay: Pasukan bola sepak kebangsaan bawah-23 Malaysia), also known as Malaysia Under-23, Malaysia U-23 or Malaysia Olympic football team is the national association football team of Malaysia in under-23 and 22 level, representing the country at the Olympic Games, Asian Games and Southeast Asian Games, as well as any other under-23 international football tournaments including the AFC U-23 Championship.

It is controlled by the Football Association of Malaysia (FAM). The team won the 2009 and 2011 SEA Games gold medal.
Neilson Dairy
William Neilson Dairy Limited is a Canadian dairy company owned by Saputo Inc. The company is based in Toronto, Ontario. In the United States, its products are sold under the name Neilson.

Its products are sold at Loblaws, Real Canadian Superstore, No Frills, Giant Tiger, Fortinos, and Shoppers Drug Mart, among others.

Real Canadian Superstore
Real Canadian Superstore is a chain of supermarkets owned by Canadian food retailing giant Loblaw Companies. Its name is often shortened to Superstore, or, less commonly, RCSS (pronounced “Rick’s”).

Originating in Western Canada in the late 1970s/early 1980s, the banner expanded into Ontario in the early 2000s as Loblaw attempted to fend off competition from department stores including U.S.-based Walmart.

Loblaw has tested alternative banners at some locations in Ontario, with some labelled as "Loblaw Superstore", and a few others as simply "Superstore"; for a time, this was reflected in the chain's marketing which used a separate logo to advertise all of these banners. The company has since reverted to marketing the entire chain as Real Canadian Superstore, although some locations might retain other signage.
Wussy
Wussy is an American four-piece indie rock band formed in Cincinnati, Ohio in 2001. The band consists of Chuck Cleaver (vocals/guitar), Lisa Walker (vocals/guitar), Joe Klug (drums) and Mark Messerly (bass). Former members include Dawn Burman (drums) and John Erhardt (pedal steel). Cleaver and Walker write most of the songs and either alternate lead vocals or sing them in harmony. Live performances feature the two vocalists having a "combative rapport". The band has released seven albums, one live album, two EPs, one mini LP and a number of singles. The group has received critical acclaim from Rolling Stone, Robert Christgau, Chicago, and SPIN.

Chicago (magazine)
Chicago is a monthly magazine published by Tribune Publishing. It concentrates on lifestyle and human interest stories, and on reviewing restaurants, travel, fashion, and theatre from or nearby Chicago. Its circulation in 2004 was 165,000, larger than People in its market. Also in 2004, it received the National Magazine Award for General Excellence. It is a member of the City and Regional Magazine Association (CRMA).
Duncan Down
Duncan Down is an open, public, area to the south west of Whitstable and is the largest village green in the United Kingdom. It is a 21 hectare (52 acre) area of grass and woodland incorporating four ponds and a brook.
The area is maintained by the Friends of Duncan Down with assistance from Canterbury City Council and has received funding from nearby planning development. Originally intended for housing development in the inter-war years it is now protected by its village green status.

Village green
A village green is a common open area within a village or other settlement. Historically, a village green was common grassland with a pond for watering cattle and other animals, often at the edge of a rural settlement, used for gathering cattle to bring them later on to a common land for grazing. Later, planned greens were built into the centres of villages.

The village green also provided, and may still provide, an open-air meeting place for the local people, which may be used for public celebrations, such as May Day festivities. The term is used more broadly to encompass woodland, moorland, sports grounds, buildings, roads and urban parks.