hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Landguard Manor
Landguard Manor (or Languard) is a manor house in Shanklin on the Isle of Wight, England. First mentioned, as 'Langrad', in 1255, the place-name means 'the long reed-bed'. Over the centuries the house was home to numerous notable gentlemen. It is a Grade II listed building. One of the finest known portraits by Sir Thomas Lawrence, English portrait painter and president of the Royal Academy, is located in its drawing room.

Shanklin
Shanklin (/ˈʃæŋklɪn/) is a seaside resort town and civil parish on the Isle of Wight, England, located on Sandown Bay. Shanklin is the southernmost of three settlements which occupy the bay, and is close to Lake and Sandown. The sandy beach, its Old Village and a wooded ravine, Shanklin Chine, are its main attractions. The esplanade along the beach is occupied by hotels and restaurants for the most part, and is one of the most tourist-oriented parts of the town. The other is the Old Village, at the top of Shanklin Chine.
Together with Lake and Sandown to the north, Shanklin forms a built up area of around 25,000 inhabitants, Shanklin alone contributing around 9,123 of this.
Hwasong-8
The Hwasong-8 (Korean: 《화성-8》형; lit. Mars Type 8) is a North Korean single-stage, liquid-fueled, hypersonic ballistic missile. First test-fired on 28 September 2021, Hwasong-8 is equipped with hypersonic glide vehicle for atmospheric reentry at high speed and missile defenses evasion, while incorporating liquid-propellant fuel ampoule system to reduce launch preparation time. It is considered to be the first hypersonic missile produced by North Korea.

Missile defense
Missile defense is a system, weapon, or technology involved in the detection, tracking, interception, and also the destruction of attacking missiles. Conceived as a defense against nuclear-armed intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), its application has broadened to include shorter-ranged non-nuclear tactical and theater missiles.

China, France, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Russia, Taiwan, the United Kingdom and the United States have all developed such air defense systems.
HMS Bat
HMS Bat was a Palmer-built three funnel, 30 knot torpedo boat destroyer ordered by the Royal Navy under the 1895 – 1896 Naval Estimates.  She was the third ship to carry this name since it was introduced in 1815 for a revenue cutter in service until 1848. Bat was classified along with similar vessels as a C-class destroyer in 1913.

Chatham Dockyard
Chatham Dockyard was a Royal Navy Dockyard located on the River Medway in Kent. Established in Chatham in the mid-16th century, the dockyard subsequently expanded into neighbouring Gillingham; at its most extensive (in the early 20th century) two-thirds of the dockyard lay in Gillingham, one-third in Chatham.

It came into existence at the time when, following the Reformation, relations with the Catholic countries of Europe had worsened, leading to a requirement for additional defences. Over 414 years Chatham Royal Dockyard provided more than 500 ships for the Royal Navy, and was at the forefront of shipbuilding, industrial and architectural technology. At its height, it employed over 10,000 skilled artisans and covered 400 acres (1.6 km2). Chatham dockyard closed in 1984, and 84 acres (34 ha) of the Georgian dockyard is now managed as the Chatham Historic Dockyard visitor attraction by the Chatham Historic Dockyard Trust.
Gnotobiosis
Gnotobiosis (from Greek roots gnostos "known" and bios "life") refers to an engineered state of an organism in which all forms of life (i.e., microorganisms) in or on it, including its microbiota, have been identified. The term gnotobiotic organism, or gnotobiote, can refer to a model organism that is colonized with a specific community of known microorganisms (isobiotic or defined flora animal) or that contains no microorganisms (germ-free) often for experimental purposes. The study of gnotobiosis and the generation of various types of gnotobiotic model organisms as tools for studying interactions between host organisms and microorganisms is referred to as gnotobiology.

Microbiota
Microbiota are the range of microorganisms that may be commensal, mutualistic, or pathogenic found in and on all multicellular organisms, including plants. Microbiota include bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, and viruses, and have been found to be crucial for immunologic, hormonal, and metabolic homeostasis of their host.

The term microbiome describes either the collective genomes of the microbes that reside in an ecological niche or else the microbes themselves.

The microbiome and host emerged during evolution as a synergistic unit from epigenetics and genetic characteristics, sometimes collectively referred to as a holobiont. The presence of microbiota in human and other metazoan guts has been critical for understanding the co-evolution between metazoans and bacteria. Microbiota play key roles in the intestinal immune and metabolic responses via their fermentation product (short-chain fatty acid), acetate.
Nago-ji
Nago-ji (那古寺) is a Buddhist temple located in the Nago neighborhood of the city of Tateyama, in southern Chiba Prefecture, Japan. It belongs to the  Shingon-shū Chizan-ha sect and its honzon is a statue of Senjū Kannon Bosatsu (Sahasrabhūja).  The temple is the 33rd and final stop on the Bandō Sanjūsankasho pilgrimage route of approximately 1,360 kilometers from Sugimoto-dera in Kamakura.   The temple is also called Nago-dera using the alternate pronunciation of the final Chinese character in its name, or the Nago Kannon (古寺観音), after its primary object of worship.

Shingon-shū Chisan-ha
Chisan-ha (智山派) or Chisan is a Japanese sect of Shingon Buddhism. It is headquartered in Chishaku-in (temple) in Kyoto. Naritasan Shinshōji Temple in Narita is also an important temple and was founded in 940. Chisan-ha belongs to Tantric Buddhism.
Covetrus
Covetrus, Inc. is an American company providing animal health products and related services. Until 2019, it was the animal health business of VetsFirstChoice, and Henry Schein, before being divested. In 2021, the company ranked 593 on the Fortune 1000 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.

Fortune 1000
The Fortune 1000 are the 1,000 largest American companies ranked by revenues, as compiled by the American business magazine Fortune. It only includes companies which are incorporated or authorized to do business in the United States, and for which revenues are publicly available (regardless of whether they are public companies listed on a stock market). The Fortune 500 is the subset of the list that is its 500 largest companies.

The list draws the attention of business readers seeking to learn the influential players in the American economy and prospective sales targets, as these companies tend to have large budgets and staff needs. Walmart was number one on the list for five of the seven years from 2007 to 2014, interrupted only by ExxonMobil in 2009 and 2012.

The following is a list of urban areas by the number of companies on the 2014 Fortune 1000 list that are located there:
Steve Parry (musician)
Stephen John Parry (born 4 September 1958, in Pontypool), is a Welsh guitarist and composer who was a founder member of the experimental rock band Hwyl nofio.

He founded and played with Neu Electrikk. He has recorded with Colin Potter of Nurse with Wound and played with Matt Johnson of the post punk band The The.

Matt Johnson (singer)
Matthew Johnson (born 15 August 1961) is an English singer-songwriter best known as the lead vocalist and only constant member of his band the The. He is also a film soundtrack composer (Cinéola), publisher (Fifty First State Press), broadcaster (Radio Cineola), conservationist, and local activist.
Richmond Heights, Taupō
Richmond Heights is a suburb in Taupō, based on the eastern shores of Lake Taupō on New Zealand's North Island. It is one of the areas in Taupō expected to have new housing developed in the mid to late 2020s.

Lake Taupō
Lake Taupō (also spelled Taupo; Māori: Taupō-nui-a-Tia or Taupōmoana) is a large crater lake in New Zealand's North Island, located in the caldera of Taupō Volcano.  The lake is the namesake of the town of Taupō, which sits on a bay in the lake's northeastern shore. With a surface area of 616 km2 (238 sq mi), it is the largest lake by surface area in New Zealand, and the second largest freshwater lake by surface area in geopolitical Oceania after Lake Murray in Papua New Guinea. Motutaiko Island lies in the southeastern area of the lake.
Lviv strikes (2022–present)
Since the beginning of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Lviv and Lviv Oblast have been targeted by Russian attacks. The targets are civilian and military, including electricity, railway infrastructure, and an army base. At least 68 civilians have been killed.

Radekhiv
Radekhiv (Ukrainian: Радехів, IPA: [rɐˈdɛxiu̯] ⓘ; Polish: Radziechów, Yiddish: ראדעכעוו) is a city in Sheptytskyi Raion, Lviv Oblast (region) of Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Radekhiv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 9,680 (2022 estimate).

Until 18 July 2020, Radekhiv was the administrative center of Radekhiv Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Radekhiv Raion was merged into Chervonohrad Raion (modern Sheptytskyi Raion).
Wilkowo, Kwidzyn County
Wilkowo [vilˈkɔvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gardeja, within Kwidzyn County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Kwidzyn County
Kwidzyn County (Polish: powiat kwidzyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Kwidzyn, which lies 73 kilometres (45 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk. The only other town in the county is Prabuty, lying 18 km (11 mi) east of Kwidzyn.

The county covers an area of 834.64 square kilometres (322.3 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 83,231, out of which the population of Kwidzyn is 38,444, that of Prabuty is 8,695, and the rural population is 36,092.

Kwidzyn County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship

Kwidzyn County is bordered by Tczew County to the west, Sztum County to the north, Iława County to the east, Grudziądz County to the south and Świecie County to the south-west.
Work Song (Hozier song)
"Work Song" is a song recorded by Irish singer-songwriter Hozier for his 2014 eponymous debut studio album. It was released on 16 March 2015 as the fifth single from the record, appearing on the Irish Singles Chart and Billboard Hot Rock & Alternative Songs chart. An accompanying music video was released in March 2015. The song appeared in the fifteenth episode of the eighth season of the American procedural drama 9-1-1.

9-1-1 (TV series)
9-1-1 is an American procedural drama television series created by Ryan Murphy, Brad Falchuk, and Tim Minear. The series premiered on Fox and airs on ABC; it is the first installment of the 9-1-1 franchise.

The series explores the high-stakes professional and personal lives of Los Angeles first responders—firefighters, police officers, and paramedics—as they endeavor to protect and save those in danger.

The show currently stars Angela Bassett, Oliver Stark, Jennifer Love Hewitt, Ryan Guzman, Aisha Hinds, Kenneth Choi, Corinne Massiah, Elijah M. Cooper, and Gavin McHugh. It premiered on January 3, 2018. 9-1-1 is a joint production between Reamworks, Brad Falchuk Teley-Vision, and Ryan Murphy Television in association with 20th Television. The first six seasons aired on Fox before the show moved to ABC starting with season seven. In April 2025, the series was renewed for a ninth season, which premiered on October 9, 2025.
Bertrand Kaï
Bertrand Patrice Charles Kaï (born 6 June 1983) is a New Caledonian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Hienghène Sport. He is one of only two New Caledonians to be named Oceania Footballer of the Year.

Vanuatu national football team
The Vanuatu men's national football team (French: équipe du Vanuatu de football) represents Vanuatu in men's international football competitions. The team is governed by the Vanuatu Football Federation, which is currently a member of FIFA and the Oceania Football Confederation.
Bjølset
Bjølset is a village in Elverum Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located along the river Glomma, about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) south of the town of Elverum. In the southern part of the village, there is a nature reserve centered on a river canyon carved into Bronkeberget mountain.

Many burial mounds from the viking age have been found in the village.

Glomma
The Glomma or Glåma is Norway's longest and most voluminous river. With a total length of 621 kilometres (386 miles), it has a drainage basin that covers 13% of Norway's surface area, all in the southern part of the country.
Oatfield Emerald
The Oatfield Emerald is a type of chocolate toffee sweet native to Ireland and is considered one of the country's most popular sweets and one of the "iconic names of the Irish sweet world".

They have distinctive green wrappers.

The Oatfield Emerald has been produced since the mid-twentieth century and exported worldwide.

Production moved out of the Republic of Ireland (and the original factory) in 2012.

The image of the young girl on the original wrapped packaging is alleged to be based on Mountcharles native Deborah Cunningham, taken from a sketch drawn by celebrated artist Kevin Sharkey.

Candy
Candy, also commonly called sweets, is a confection that features sugar as a principal ingredient. The category, also called sugar confectionery, encompasses any sweet confection, including chocolate, chewing gum, and sugar candy. Vegetables, fruit, or nuts which have been glazed and coated with sugar are said to be candied.

Physically, candy is characterized by the use of a significant amount of sugar or sugar substitutes. Unlike a cake or loaf of bread that would be shared among many people, candies are usually made in smaller pieces. However, the definition of candy also depends upon how people treat the food. Unlike sweet pastries served for a dessert course at the end of a meal, candies are normally eaten casually, often with the fingers, as a snack between meals. Each culture has its own ideas of what constitutes candy rather than dessert. The same food may be a candy in one culture and a dessert in another.
Harbanoush
Harbanoush (Arabic: حربنوش) is a village in northern Syria, administratively part of Idlib Governorate, located northwest of Idlib. It is situated off the eastern slopes of A'la Mountain. Nearby localities include Maarrat Misrin to the southeast, Maarrat al-Ikhwan to the east, Kaftin and Hizano to the northeast, Qurqania to the north and Kafr Takharim and Armanaz to the west. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Harbanoush had a population of 3,785 in the 2004 census.

Armanaz
Armanaz (Arabic: أَرْمَنَاز, romanized: Armanāz) is a town in northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Harem District, in the Idlib Governorate. It is located 20 kilometers northwest of Idlib near the Syrian-Turkish borders.  Nearby localities include Salqin, Harem and Kafr Takharim to the north and Idlib, Ma'arrat Misrin and Saraqib to the southeast.

According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Armanaz had a population of 10,296 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims. The town is the administrative center of the Armanaz Subdistrict (nahiyah), consisting of 12 villages with a combined population of 27,267.

Armanaz is well known for its glass-manufacturing industry. It is the only village in northern Syria that specializes in this artisan craft, which it has been specializing since ancient times. It is also well known for its olive groves, olive oil and pottery.
That Yew Tree's Shade
That Yew Tree's Shade is a 1954 detective novel by the British writer Cyril Hare. It was the fourth novel in his series featuring Francis Pettigrew, a barrister and amateur detective. It also sees the return from his previous novel When the Wind Blows of the humourless police officer Trimble, now promoted to Superintendent. The novel's setting of a fictional beauty spot in southern England was inspired by Box Hill in the author's native Surrey. The title is taken from a line in Thomas Gray's Elegy. It was first published in London by Faber and Faber and released in the United States by Little, Brown under the alternative title Death Walks the Woods.

Thomas Gray
Thomas Gray (26 December 1716 – 30 July 1771) was an English poet, letter-writer, and classical scholar at Cambridge University, being a fellow first of Peterhouse then of Pembroke College. He is widely known for his Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, published in 1751. Gray was a self-critical writer who published only 13 poems in his lifetime, despite being very popular. He was even offered the position of Poet Laureate in 1757 after the death of Colley Cibber, though he declined.
Piero Pelù
Pietro "Piero" Pelù (Italian pronunciation: [ˈpjɛːro peˈlu]; born 10 February 1962) is an Italian singer-songwriter. One of the most popular artists of the Italian rock scene, he is known for being the lead singer and co-founder of the band Litfiba, as well as for his solo activity. He is also known for his social and political commitment.

Diaframma
Diaframma is an Italian band, one of the dark wave, gothic Italian acts to come out of Florence during the early 80s along with Litfiba. Diaframma originated from the meeting of punk - though it was starting to decline at the time -, new wave and rock.
Mountain caribou conservation
Boreal woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) are a species of caribou and subspecies of North American reindeer. Boreal woodland caribou are also known as southern mountain caribou, woodland caribou, and forest-dwelling caribou. Mountain caribou are uniquely adapted to live in old-growth forests. The mountain caribou diet consists of tree-dwelling lichens predominantly. They are unique in this aspect as in the far northern regions of their habitat zones, the snowpack is shallow enough that the boreal woodland caribou can paw through the snow to eat the ground-dwelling lichens. In the inland Pacific Northwest Rainforests of eastern British Columbia, where the snowpack can reach upwards of five meters, the mountain caribou rely predominantly on the tree-dwelling lichens such as Bryoria spp. and Alectoria spp., hanging above the snowpack. As a result, these mountain caribou are reliant upon the old growth forests, which have been logged for centuries and continue to dwindle.

Bryoria
Bryoria is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. Many members of this genus are known as horsehair lichens. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in boreal and cool temperate areas. These lichens typically grow as slender, hair-like strands that hang from conifer trees or form small bushes, ranging in colour from dark brown to pale grey. They play important ecological roles, particularly as winter food for caribou in northern forests, where some species can accumulate in large quantities in the forest canopy. The genus contains about 35 species found worldwide, with ongoing discoveries of new species especially in mountainous regions of Asia and western North America.
Yuri Osmanov
Yuri Bekirovich Osmanov (Crimean Tatar: Yuriy Bekir oğlu Osmanov, Russian: Юрий Бекирович Османов; 1 April 1941, Büyük Qaralez, Bakhchysarai district, Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, RSFSR, USSR — 7 November 1993, Simferopol, Republic of Crimea, Ukraine) was a scientist, engineer, Marxist–Leninist, and Crimean Tatar civil rights activist. He was one of the co-founders of the National Movement of Crimean Tatars, which sought full right of return of the Crimean Tatar people to their homeland and restoration of the Crimean ASSR.

Bakhchysarai Raion
Bakhchysarai Raion (Russian: Бахчисарайский район; Ukrainian: Бахчисарайський район; Crimean Tatar: Bağçasaray rayonı) is one of the 25 regions of Crimea, an internationally recognized territory of Ukraine occupied and annexed by Russia in 2014. Population: 90,911 (2014 Census).

The Bakhchysarai Raion is situated in the southwestern part of the peninsula. Two thirds of the raion's area is mountainous, while the northwestern part of the region is occupied by the coastal plain.
Hilbert–Bernays-Löb provability conditions
In mathematical logic, the Hilbert–Bernays-Löb provability conditions, named after David Hilbert, Paul Bernays, and Martin Löb, are a set of requirements for formalized provability predicates in formal theories of arithmetic (Smith 2007:224).

These conditions are used in many proofs of Kurt Gödel's second incompleteness theorem. They are also closely related to axioms of provability logic.

Martin Löb
Martin Hugo Löb (German: [løːp]; 31 March 1921 – 21 August 2006) was a German mathematician.  He settled in the United Kingdom after the Second World War and specialised in mathematical logic.  He moved to the Netherlands in the 1970s, where he remained in retirement.  He is perhaps best known for having formulated Löb's theorem in 1955.
Hossein Hang Afarin
Hossein Hang Afarin (Persian: حسين هنگ آفرین‎) (1878 – 1952) was a Persian (Iranian) band conductor of the Cossack Brigade, conductor of Okhovvat society (Persian: انجمن اخوت‎)  orchestra, and performer of setar. Studied military music under the French musician Monsieur Lemaire and Persian classical music under Mirza Abdollah. He is regarded by Ruhollah Khaleqi as an accomplished musician and setar performer of his time. Aside from leading the Brigade bands he taught setar, violin, and piano privately. He is credited for creating many famous musicians such as Nasrollah Zarrin Panjeh 
(Persian: نصرالله زرین پنجه‎), Reza Mahjubi and Morteza Mahjubi.

Alfred Jean Baptiste Lemaire
Alfred Jean-Baptiste Lemaire (15 January 1842 – 24 February 1907) was a French military musician and composer. He is known for teaching at the music department of Dar ul-Funun during the reign of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, and for composing the first Iranian national anthem.
Jacobo Bucaram
Jacobo Bucaram Ortiz (4 August 1947 – 27 September 2024) was an Ecuadorian agronomic engineer and politician. A member of the Ecuadorian Roldosist Party, he served in the National Congress from 1988 to 1994 and again from 1996 to 1998.

He was the elder brother of former President of Ecuador Abdalá Bucaram and nephew of politician Assad Bucaram.

In his youth he was an athlete competing as a sprinter and hurdler at regional level, including the 1967 Pan American Games. He later served as President of the South American Athletics Confederation (1989–1993), Ecuadorian Athletics Federation, and the Ecuadorian National Olympic Committee (1996–1997).

Bucaram died on 27 September 2024, at the age of 77.

President of Ecuador
The president of Ecuador (Spanish: Presidente del Ecuador), officially the Constitutional President of the Republic of Ecuador (Spanish: Presidente Constitucional de la República del Ecuador), serves as the head of state and head of government of Ecuador. It is the highest political office in the country as the head of the executive branch of government. Per the current constitution adopted in 2008, the president can serve two four-year terms. Prior to that, the president could only serve one four-year term.

The current president of Ecuador is Daniel Noboa, who was first elected in 2023 and re-elected in 2025. Having been sworn in at age 35, Noboa is the second youngest president in Ecuadorian history, after Juan José Flores.