hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Madakasira Assembly constituency
Madakasira is a Scheduled Caste reserved constituency in Sri Sathya Sai district in Andhra Pradesh that elects representatives to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in India. It is one of the seven assembly segments of Hindupur Lok Sabha constituency.

M. S. Raju is the current MLA of the constituency, having won the 2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election from YSR Congress Party. As of 2019, there are a total of 201,824 electors in the constituency. The constituency was established in 1951, as per the Delimitation Orders (1951).

M. S. Raju
M. S. Raju is an Indian film producer, director, and screenwriter who works in Telugu cinema. He is the founder and owner of the film production company Sumanth Art Productions. He won three Filmfare Awards South — becoming the first producer to receive three consecutive Filmfare Awards — for the films Okkadu (2003), Varsham (2004), and Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana (2005). He also produced the successful films Sathruvu (1991), Devi (1999), Manasantha Nuvve (2001), and Nee Sneham (2002).
Brumby 610 Evolution
The Brumby Aircraft Brumby 610 Evolution is an Australian single-engined, two-seat, training or touring, cabin monoplane of all-metal construction. The aircraft is built by Brumby Aircraft Australia as a production or kit aircraft at Cowra Airport near Cowra, New South Wales, Australia. The base cost of the aircraft is A$110,000.

Trainer aircraft
A trainer is a class of aircraft designed specifically to facilitate flight training of pilots and aircrews. The use of a dedicated trainer aircraft with additional safety features—such as tandem flight controls, forgiving flight characteristics and a simplified cockpit arrangement—allows pilots-in-training to safely advance their skills in a more forgiving aircraft.

Civilian pilots are normally trained in a light aircraft, with two or more seats to allow for a student and instructor.
Benjamin Hale (philosopher)
Benjamin S. Hale is an environmental philosopher and ethicist. He is currently Associate Professor of Philosophy and Environmental Studies at the University of Colorado–Boulder, as well as a faculty affiliate at the university's Center for Science and Technology Policy Research.

Hale is a former president of the International Society for Environmental Ethics and is currently co-editor of the journal Ethics, Policy & Environment.

International Society for Environmental Ethics
The International Society for Environmental Ethics (ISEE) is an environmental organization based at the University of North Texas founded in 1990 with Holmes Rolston III as its first president.

The organization aims to promote the correct human use and understanding of the natural world. It maintains a website and sponsors the Online Bibliography of Environmental Thought (OBET), a bibliography for environmental ethics. It hosts an annual summer conference: the 2024, 21st edition happened in Freiburg. In conjunction with the International Association for Environmental Philosophy (IAEP) and with sponsorship from the Center for Environmental Philosophy, the organization co-organized an annual joint ISEE-IAEP conference between 2005 and 2011.
Cannock Rural District
Cannock was a rural district in Staffordshire, England, from 1894 to 1974.

It was created by the Local Government Act 1894, based on the Cannock rural sanitary district, and had the town of Cannock on its eastern border.  In 1934 it was expanded by a County Review Order, gaining the civil parishes of Blymhill and Weston under Lizard, which had been administered by the Shifnal Rural District mainly in Shropshire.

The district was abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, going on to form part of the South Staffordshire district.

Cannock
Cannock (/ˈkænək/) is a town in the Cannock Chase district in the county Staffordshire, England. It had a population of 29,018. Cannock is not far from the towns Walsall, Burntwood, Stafford and Telford. The cities Lichfield and Wolverhampton are also nearby.

Cannock lies to the north of the West Midlands conurbation on the M6, A34 and A5 roads and to the south of Hednesford and the Cannock Chase Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Cannock is served by a railway station on the Chase Line. The town comprises four district council electoral wards and the Cannock South ward includes the civil parish of Bridgtown, but the rest of Cannock is unparished.
Junín Department, San Luis
Junín is a Department of San Luis Province, Argentina.

With an area of 2,476 km2 (956 sq mi) it borders to the west with the Department of Ayacucho, to the south with San Martín and Chacabuco, to the north with the provinces of Córdoba.

Córdoba Province, Argentina
Córdoba (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkoɾðoβa]) is a province of Argentina, located in the center of the country. Its neighboring provinces are (clockwise from the north) Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Buenos Aires, La Pampa, San Luis, La Rioja, and Catamarca. Together with Santa Fe and Entre Ríos, the province is part of the economic and political association known as the Center Region.

Córdoba is the second-most populous Argentine province, with 3,978,984 inhabitants, and the fifth by size, at about 165,321 km2 (63,831 sq mi). Almost 41% of its inhabitants reside in the capital city, Córdoba, and its surroundings, making it the second most populous metro area in Argentina.
Will Davies (rugby union)
William Davies (14 February 1906 – 5 October 1975), known more commonly as "Sgili", was a Wales international rugby union player who played club rugby for Swansea. He won four caps for Wales and was part of the Welsh side that faced the touring South Africans in 1931.

Davies was originally a rugby scrum-half and centre, before moving into the forward, and eventually settling as a flanker. He faced the South Africans twice during their 1931 tour of Britain, once with Wales and once with Swansea. In the Swansea game, Davies set up his team's only score when he snapped up a loose ball, that broke loose after a South African tackle. He punted the ball forward for Claude Davey to beat the covering Springbok players to collect it and score a try.

Swansea RFC
Swansea Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team which plays in the Super Rygbi Cymru. The club play at St Helen's Rugby and Cricket Ground in Swansea and are also known as The Whites, in reference to their home kit colours.
Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter.

Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the atom as a whole, including its electrons.

Discoveries in nuclear physics have led to applications in many fields such as nuclear power, nuclear weapons, nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging, industrial and agricultural isotopes, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating in geology and archaeology. Such applications are studied in the field of nuclear engineering.

Particle physics evolved out of nuclear physics and the two fields are typically taught in close association. Nuclear astrophysics, the application of nuclear physics to astrophysics, is crucial in explaining the inner workings of stars and the origin of the chemical elements.

Helium-4
Helium-4 (4He) is a stable isotope of the element helium. It is by far the more abundant of the two naturally occurring isotopes of helium, making up virtually all the helium on Earth. Its nucleus consists of two protons and two neutrons and is identical to an alpha particle.
Clypeaster australasiae
Clypeaster australasiae, the Australasian sand dollar, is a species of sea urchins of the family Clypeasteridae. Their armour is covered with spines. Clypeaster australasiae was first scientifically described in 1851 by Gray.

Clypeasteridae
Clypeasteridae is a family of sea urchins in the order Clypeasteroida. This family was first scientifically described in 1835 by the Swiss-American biologist Louis Agassiz.

The clypeasteridae also known as the sand dollar, are round and semi-flat organisms with spines lining the underside of the body and elongated genital papillae aiding its survival and reproduction. The spines help them move along the sea floor to feed and increase in density to burrow the sediment while avoiding predators. The elongated genital papillae allow the sand dollar to asexually reproduce undisrupted under the sediment as the gametes are released into the water and later fertilized by male clypeasteridae.
Tapia de Casariego
Tapia (Spanish: Tapia de Casariego) is a municipality in the Autonomous Community of the Principality of Asturias, Spain. It is bordered on the north by the Cantabrian Sea, on the east by El Franco, on the south and west by Castropol.  Tapia is also the name of one of the parishes inside the municipality.  Its capital is Tapia.  The capital is 127 km from Oviedo, 122 km from Gijón, and 97 km from Lugo.

Cantabrian Sea
The Cantabrian Sea is the term used mostly in Spain to describe the coastal sea of the Atlantic Ocean that borders the northern coast of Spain and the southwest side of the Atlantic coast of France, included in the Bay of Biscay. It extends from Cabo Ortegal in the province of A Coruña, to the mouth of the river Adour, near the city of Bayonne on the coast of the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in French Basque Country. The Cantabrian Sea contains the Avilés Canyons System.

The sea borders 800 km (500 mi) of coastline shared by the Spanish provinces of A Coruña, Lugo, Asturias, Cantabria, Biscay and Gipuzkoa, and the French area of Labourd.
Else Marie Friis
Else Marie Friis (born 18 June 1947) is a Danish botanist and paleontologist. She is Professor Emerita in the Department of Geoscience at Aarhus University. Her work has been fundamental in the phylogenetic analysis of angiosperms, with widespread application to reproductive biology.

Earth science
Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres: the biosphere, hydrosphere/cryosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere (or lithosphere). Earth science can be considered to be a branch of planetary science but with a much older history.
1988–89 Liga Alef
The 1988–89 Liga Alef season saw Hapoel Tirat HaCarmel (champions of the North Division) and Hapoel Rishon LeZion (champions of the South Division) win their regional divisions and promotion to Liga Artzit. The confirmation of Hapoel Tirat HaCarmel's promotion was delayed as the final round match between Maccabi Ahi Nazareth (who could overtake Hapoel Tirat HaCarmel) and Beitar Nahariya was abandoned. The IFA disciplinary committee ruled that Ahi Nazareth were responsible to the abandonment and set the match result to 2–0 to Beitar Nahariya.

At the bottom, Hapoel Tira, Hapoel Kiryat Ata (from the North division), Hapoel Ramla and Hapoel Beit Shemesh (from the South division) relegated to Liga Bet.

Hapoel Beit Shemesh F.C.
Hapoel Beit Shemesh Football Club (Hebrew: מועדון כדורגל הפועל בית שמש) was an Israeli football club based at Beit Shemesh. In its prime the club played in the second tier of the Israeli football league system. The club was dissolved in 1994 due to financial difficulties. A successor club, Ironi Beit Shemesh, plays in Liga Bet.
Obligatory Baháʼí prayers
Obligatory Baháʼí prayers are prayers which are to be said daily by Baháʼís according to a fixed form decreed by Baháʼu'lláh. Prayers in the Baháʼí Faith are reverent words which are addressed to God, and refers to two distinct concepts: obligatory prayer and devotional prayer (general prayer). The act of prayer is one of the most important Baháʼí laws for individual discipline. Along with fasting, obligatory prayer is one of the greatest obligations of a Baháʼí, and the purpose of the obligatory prayer is to foster the development of humility and devotion. The obligation of daily obligatory prayer was prescribed by Baháʼu'lláh, the founder of the Baháʼí Faith, in his book of laws, the Kitáb-i-Aqdas.

It is forbidden to perform the obligatory prayers in congregation, so the daily obligatory prayers are offered individually, though it is not required that they be said in private.

Rak'a
A Rak'a (Arabic: ركعة rakʿah, pronounced [ˈrakʕah] lit. "bow"; plural: ركعات rakaʿāt) is a single iteration of prescribed movements and supplications performed by Muslims as part of the prescribed obligatory prayer known as salah. Each of the five daily prayers observed by Muslims consists of a number of raka'at.
Wilhelm Friberg
Wilhelm Friberg (25 July 1865–16 January 1932) was a Swedish football manager and pioneer in Swedish football. He was one of the founders of Örgryte IS, the dominating club in early Swedish football. He was chairman of the club from the start in 1887 to 1926. He was also one of the founders of the Swedish Sport Association, the Swedish Ballgame Association and the Swedish Football Association, of which he was chairman from 1908 to 1917.

Örgryte IS
Örgryte Idrottssällskap, commonly referred to as Örgryte IS, Örgryte (Swedish: [ˈœ̂ːrˌɡryːtɛ]) or (especially locally) ÖIS or Öis, is a Swedish sports club based in Gothenburg. It consists of four departments, namely bowling, football, athletics and wrestling. However, the club is best known for its football department. The club was founded in 1887 which makes it the oldest active sports club in the country.
Abdul Wahidi
Abdul Wahidi or Abdul Bedi is a variety of almonds, grown mainly in Afghanistan. The river valleys of the Khulm River in northern Afghanistan, particularly Balkh province, Samangan province and Kunduz province grow Abdul Wahidi almonds in abundance. Balkh province is said to grow the finest Abdul Wahidi almonds in the world. The Haji Moh area is a known centre of productivity by the Abdul Wahidi firm. Abdul Wahidi nuts are characteristically yellow in color.

Samangan Province
Samangan (Pashto, Dari: سمنگان) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located north of the Hindu Kush mountains in the central part of the country. The province covers 11,218 square kilometres (4,331 mi2), and is surrounded by Sar-e Pol Province in the west, Balkh in the north, Baghlan in the east and Bamyan in the south.

Samangan province is divided into 7 districts and contains 674 villages. It has a population of about 325,000, which is multi-ethnic and mostly a rural society. The city of Aybak serves as the provincial capital.

In 2021, the Taliban gained control of the province during the 2021 Taliban offensive.
Bolt Tail
Bolt Tail is a headland in Devon, England, immediately to the southwest of Hope Cove in the South Hams district, at grid reference SX670397.

Bolt Tail is the site of an Iron Age promontory fort, although little evidence now remains of this structure; it occupied a classic promontory defended from inland by a linear earthwork at some 60 metres above sea level.

Bolt Tail marks the western end of a coastal walk through National Trust land to Salcombe, via Bolberry Down and Bolt Head at the mouth of the Salcombe Estuary. It offers views to Bantham Beach and Burgh Island. On a day with good visibility it is possible to see far down the coast into Cornwall, as far as Dodman Point. Under very exceptional atmospheric conditions the Lizard Point in Cornwall is visible from Bolt Tail.

The SS Jebba ran aground near here in 1907.

Nearby, a similar fate had befallen the 90-gun ship-of-the-line HMS Ramillies in February 1760.

South Hams
South Hams is a local government district on the south coast of Devon, England. Its council is based in the town of Totnes, although the largest town is Ivybridge. The district also contains the towns of Dartmouth, Kingsbridge and Salcombe and numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

Much of the district's landscape is recognised for its natural beauty; the north of the district includes part of Dartmoor National Park, the district's coastline and adjoining areas form most of the South Devon Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and part of the west of the district lies within the Tamar Valley AONB. The district's coast includes the promontories of Start Point and Bolt Head.

The neighbouring districts are Torbay, Teignbridge, West Devon, Cornwall (across the Tamar–Tavy Estuary) and Plymouth.
Eliogarty
Eliogarty (Irish: Éile Uí Fhógarta) is a barony in County Tipperary, Ireland. This geographical unit of land is one of 12 baronies in County Tipperary. Its chief town is Thurles. The barony lies between Ikerrin to the north (whose chief town is Roscrea), Kilnamanagh Upper to the west (whose chief town is Borrisoleigh), Middle Third to the south (whose chief town is Cashel) and County Kilkenny to the east. It is currently administered by Tipperary County Council.

Tipperary County Council
Tipperary County Council (Irish: Comhairle Contae Thiobraid Árann) is the local authority of County Tipperary, Ireland. As a county council, it is governed by the Local Government Act 2001. The council is responsible for housing and community, roads and transportation, urban planning and development, amenity and culture, and environment. The council has 40 elected members. Elections are held every five years and are by single transferable vote. The head of the council has the title of Cathaoirleach (chairperson). The county administration is headed by a chief executive, Joe MacGrath. The administrative centres are Nenagh and Clonmel.
Christiane Mora
Christiane Mora (14 November 1938 – 11 October 2017) was a French politician who served on the National Assembly for three terms, from 1981 to 1992 as a representative of Indre-et-Loire. Between 1989 and 1995, she was mayor of Loches.

Mora died on 11 October 2017, aged 78.

Indre-et-Loire
Indre-et-Loire (French pronunciation: [ɛ̃.dʁ‿e.lwaʁ] ⓘ) is a department in west-central France named after the Indre River and Loire River. In 2019, it had a population of 610,079. Sometimes referred to as Touraine, the name of the historic region, it is nowadays part of the Centre-Val de Loire region. Its prefecture is Tours and subprefectures are Chinon and Loches. Indre-et-Loire is a touristic destination for its numerous monuments that are part of the Châteaux of the Loire Valley.
Daniel J. Fox
Daniel J. Fox is an American politician and lawyer who is a judge in the Danbury district of the Connecticut Superior Court as of September 2023. Previously he served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from 2011 to 2022 as a State Representative from the 148th District, which encompasses the East Side of Stamford, Connecticut.

Fox was first elected to the Connecticut House in 2011 in a special election in order to replace Carlo Leone. Fox was re-elected in 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2020. Fox served as the assistant Majority Whip of the House and also has served on the House Judiciary committee.

Fox was reelected to the Connecticut House in 2022 but did not take the oath of office, in anticipation of being nominated to the Superior Court. He was nominated to the Superior Court by Governor Ned Lamont in March 2023.

East Side of Stamford
41°03′22″N 73°31′17″W﻿ / ﻿41.0561°N 73.5213°W﻿ / 41.0561; -73.5213

The East Side of Stamford is a neighborhood in the city of Stamford, Connecticut. Per the city government's definition, the East Side lies directly to the East of Downtown, southeast of Glenbrook, north of The Cove, and to the west of Darien. The East Side serves as the headquarters for a number of corporations, such as World Wrestling Entertainment and NBC Sports, and hosts corporate offices for a number of large multinationals, such as that of Deloitte at 695 East Main Street. A branch of the Hospital for Special Surgery is located in the East Side, on Blachley Road. Interstate 95 runs through the neighborhood, as does a segment of the Post Road.
1995 Tour of the Basque Country
The 1995 Tour of the Basque Country was the 35th edition of the Tour of the Basque Country cycle race and was held from 3 April to 7 April 1995. The race started in Zegama and finished at Jaizkibel. The race was won by Alex Zülle of the ONCE team.

Tour of the Basque Country
The Tour of the Basque Country (Officially: Itzulia Basque Country) is an annual road cycling stage race held in the Spanish Basque Country in April. It is one of the races that make up the UCI World Tour calendar. As the Basque Country is a mountainous area, there are few flat stages, and thus the event favors those who are strong climbers. The race is characterized by its short stages, rarely exceeding 200 km, and steep ascents. While the ascents featured in the race are not particularly high compared to other stage races, they are among the steepest seen in professional cycling, some having sections with gradients reaching well above 20%.
Krystyna Jagodzinska
Krystyna Jagodzinska (born 22 January 1965) is a Polish para table tennis player. She earned a gold medal for Poland at the 2004 Summer Paralympics and a bronze medal for Poland at the 1996 Summer Paralympics.

Para table tennis
Para table tennis is a parasport that follows the rules set by the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF).  The usual table tennis rules are in effect with slight modifications for wheelchair athletes. Athletes from disability groups can take part. Athletes receive classifications between 1 and 11. Classes 1–5 are for those in wheelchairs and classes 6–10 for those who have disabilities that allow them to play standing. Within those groups, the higher classification means the more function the athlete has. Class 11 is defined for players with an intellectual disability.
MacHeist
MacHeist was a website that bundled and resold Mac OS X software. The site conducted marketing through challenges (or "heists") that allowed customers to win software licenses and/or discounts; and sold software in bundles that increased in size as more customers purchased the offer. The site was founded by John Casasanta, Phillip Ryu, and Scott Meinzer. After a final promotion in May 2016, the original incarnation went offline. As of November 2018, the website is a front-end for marketing by native advertising company StackCommerce.

John Gruber
John Gruber (born 1973) is a technology blogger, UI designer, and creator of the Markdown markup language. Gruber writes the Apple enthusiast blog Daring Fireball and hosts its accompanying podcast, The Talk Show.
Battle of Wels
The Battle of Wels (10/12 August 943) was fought between a joint Bavarian–Carantanian army and a Hungarian force near Wels in the Traungau, on the plain of the Welser Heide, nowadays a part of Austria.

Carantanians
Carantanians (Latin: Quarantani, Slovene: Karantanci) were a Slavic people of the Early Middle Ages (Latin: Sclavi qui dicuntur Quarantani, or "Slavs called Carantanians"), living in the principality of Carantania, later known as Carinthia, which covered present-day southern Austria and parts of Slovenia. They are considered ancestors of modern Slovenes, particularly Carinthian Slovenes.

In the High Middle Ages, the term Carantanians and Carinthians were used interchangeably and denoted both the inhabitants of the bilingual Slavic-German Duchy of Carinthia, as well as South Slavs living within the borders of the Holy Roman Empire (that is, the ancestors of present-day Slovenes and Istrian Croats).