hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sugar industry in the United States
The sugar industry in the United States produces sugarcane and sugar beets, operates sugar refineries, and produces and markets refined sugars, sugar-sweetened goods, and other products. The United States is among the world's largest sugar producers. Unlike most other sugar producing countries, the United States has both large and well-developed sugarcane and sugar beet industries. Refined sugarcane, processed sugar beet, and high-fructose corn syrup are all commonly used in the U.S. as added sugars to sweeten food and beverages.

Historically, sugar production was important in the growth of slavery in Louisiana and in the U.S. annexation of Hawaii.

The Sugar Association is the trade association for the sugar industry in the United States. Sugar marketing in the U.S. is supported by sugar producers and the producers of sweetened food and beverages.

Sugar marketing
Sugar is heavily marketed both by sugar producers and the producers of sugary drinks and foods. Apart from direct marketing methods such as messaging on packaging, television ads, advergames, and product placement in setting like blogs, industry has worked to steer coverage of sugar-related health information in popular media, including news media and social media.

Sugar refiners and manufacturers of sugary foods and drinks have also sought to influence medical research and public health recommendations. The results of research on the health effects of sugary food and drink differ significantly, depending on whether the researcher has financial ties to the food and drink industry. The authors of a 2016 review of funding bias concluded that "This industry seems to be manipulating contemporary scientific processes to create controversy and advance their business interests at the expense of the public's health".
Ocean Man First Nation
The Ocean Man First Nation (Cree: ᑭᐦᒋᑲᒦᐏᔨᐣ kihcikamîwiyin) is an Assiniboine, Cree, and Saulteaux band government in southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada.  Chief Kitchi-Kah-Me-Win (Great Seaman or Ocean Man, also spelt Kicheekahmenin, Kickekamewin)(Cree: ᑭᐦᒋᑲᒦᐏᔨᐣ kihcikamîwiyin) signed Treaty 4 on September 9, 1875.

In 1901, Ocean Man band was forced to amalgamate with White Bear Reserve. In the 1970s Ocean Man descendants were part of a land claim launched against the federal government that saw the successful re-establishment of Ocean Man First Nation in September 1990.

The late Laura Big Eagle became the first Chief of the re-established Ocean Man and remained Chief until her last breath. In 1997, Ocean Man was the only First Nation in Canada with an elected all women Chief and Council.

According to 2016 Statistics Canada "Population Profile", there were 215 on-reserve residents, about half of which were Cree, and about another half were Assiniboine.

Saulteaux
The Saulteaux (pronounced /ˈsɔːltoʊ/, SAWL-toh or in imitation of the French pronunciation /ˈsoʊtoʊ/, SOH-toh; also written Salteaux, Saulteau and other variants), otherwise known as the Plains Ojibwe, are a First Nations band government in Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia, Canada. They are a branch of the Ojibwe who pushed west. They formed a mixed culture of woodlands and plains Indigenous customs and traditions.
Väärinmaja
Väärinmaja is a village in the municipality of Ruovesi in the Pirkanmaa region, Finland. The village is known for the Battle of Väärinmaja during the 1918 Finnish Civil War. In 2008–2010, Väärinmaja hosted a stage of the World Rally Championship event Rally Finland.

Pirkanmaa
Pirkanmaa (Finnish: [ˈpirkɑmˌmɑː]; Swedish: Birkaland; Latin: Birkaria), also known as Tampere Region in government documents, is a region of Finland. It borders the regions of Satakunta, South Ostrobothnia, Central Finland, Päijät-Häme, Kanta-Häme and Southwest Finland. Most of the water area in the Kokemäki River watershed is located in the Pirkanmaa region, although Lake Vanajavesi is partly in the Kanta-Häme region. The region got its name from Pirkkala, which in the Middle Ages comprised most of present-day Pirkanmaa. Tampere is the regional center and capital of Pirkanmaa, and at the same time the largest city in the region.

The total population of Pirkanmaa was 529,100 on 30 June 2022, which makes it the second largest among Finland's regions after Uusimaa. The population density is well over twice the Finnish average, and most of its population is largely concentrated in the Tampere metropolitan area.
Michael Goodin
Michael Maurice Goodin (April 8, 1967 – December 12, 2020) was a Jamaican-born plant virologist. He researched interactions between the virus and the host cell, focusing on rhabdoviruses that infect plants. He also studied emerging plant viruses, including economically significant viruses infecting coffee plants. He co-invented a widely used method of generating large amounts of expressed proteins in leaves infiltrated with Agrobacterium (with Ralf Dietzgen), and developed other techniques for plant molecular virology research. Goodin moved to the United States in around 1989 and was a professor at the University of Kentucky from 2017 until his death.

The Plant Journal
The Plant Journal is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of plant science published by Wiley-Blackwell for the Society for Experimental Biology. It was established in 1991 and is currently edited by Katherine J. Denby. The journal is published twice per month.
MasterChef India – Hindi season 6
Season 6 of the Indian Hindi-language competitive reality TV series MasterChef India – Hindi premiered on Star Plus on 7 December 2019 and concluded on 1 March 2020.

Vikas Khanna returned as one of the judges for the show while Kunal Kapur and Zorawar Kalra were replaced by Ranveer Brar and Vineet Bhatia. This season marked Khanna's fifth consecutive season serving as a judge on the show and Brar's second season, who was last seen in the fourth season. This season was also comeback for Gunjan Joshi as the writer of the show, who was also writer of Season 3 and 4.

Abinas Nayak, an IT Analyst from Odisha was declared as the winner on 1 March 2020, with Oindrila Bala of West Bengal being the runner-up.

Similar to the past seasons, Amul remained the title sponsor of the show. Additionally, Sleek Kitchens by Asian Paints co-sponsored this season.

StarPlus
StarPlus is an Indian Hindi-language general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Reliance Industries, Viacom18 and Disney India. Its programming consists of family dramas, romantic comedies, youth-oriented reality shows, shows on crime and television films.
TRPM3-related neurodevelopmental disorder
TRPM3-related neurodevelopmental disorder is a monogenetic developmental and epileptic encephalopathy that affects the central nervous system. The broad phenotype includes global developmental delay, intellectual disability, epilepsy, musculoskeletal anomalies, altered pain perception, ataxia, hypotonia, nystagmus, and cerebellar atrophy.

Encephalopathy
Encephalopathy (/ɛnˌsɛfəˈlɒpəθi/; from Ancient Greek  ἐγκέφαλος (enképhalos) 'brain' and  πάθος (páthos) 'suffering') means any disorder or disease of the brain, especially chronic degenerative conditions. In modern usage, encephalopathy does not refer to a single disease, but rather to a syndrome of overall brain dysfunction; this syndrome has many possible organic and inorganic causes.
Western Heights, Auckland
Western Heights is a neighbourhood of Henderson, in West Auckland, New Zealand. Western Heights School and the nearby shops are the centre of the community. Western Heights is a "frontier suburb", separating suburban Auckland from lifestyle farming blocks, orchards and the Waitākere Ranges.

Part of the area was called Summerland, from an export apple grown in local orchards in the mid-20th century.

Hobby farm
A hobby farm (also called a lifestyle block, acreage living, or rural residential) is a smallholding or small farm that is maintained without expectation of being a primary source of income. Some are held simply to bring homeowners closer to nature, to provide recreational land for horses, or as working farms for secondary income.
Trail of Feathers
Trail of Feathers is a travel book by Tahir Shah, first published in the UK by Weidenfeld & Nicolson in 2001, and in the following year by Arcade Publishing New York. It is subtitled "In search of the birdmen of Peru" and is an account of two interlinked journeys. In the first Shah travels from Machu Picchu to Cusco, and then largely by public transport via Lake Titicaca and Nazca to Lima. From there he flies to Iquitos and sails up the headwaters of the Peruvian Amazon in search of the jungle-dwelling Shuar people to learn from their shamans the secret of human flight.

Lake Titicaca
Lake Titicaca (/tɪtɪˈkɑːkə/; Spanish: Lago Titicaca [ˈlaɣo titiˈkaka]; Quechua: Titiqaqa and Aymara: Titiqaqa) is a large lake in the Andes mountains on the border of Bolivia and Peru. It is often called the highest navigable lake in the world. It is often listed as a freshwater lake, though its waters are slightly brackish.  Titicaca is the largest lake in South America, both in terms of the volume of water and surface area. It is the 18th largest lake in the world.  It has a surface elevation of 3,812 m (12,507 ft).
Music & Entertainment Television
Music & Entertainment Television (also known as ME Television and ME TV) is an Austin, Texas independent music television channel. Seen on Spectrum Government-access television (GATV) channel 15 and digital channel 577 in Austin, the channel is owned by the Austin Music Commission (a municipal agency), and operated by Austin Music Partners.

Spectrum (brand)
Spectrum is the trade name of Charter Communications. The name is widely used by both market consumers and commercial businesses. Services that Spectrum offers include cable television, internet access, internet security, managed services, mobile phone, and unified communications.

The Spectrum brand name was introduced in 2014. Prior to that, these services were marketed primarily under the Charter brand. Following the acquisitions of Time Warner Cable and Bright House Networks by Charter in 2016, these operations also merged into the Spectrum brand.
Azul e branco soap
Azul e branco (blue and white), also known as sabão Offenbach (Offenbach soap) or sabão macaco (monkey soap), is a type of soap used in Portugal. It is comparable to household soap, but has a rugged texture, bulky shape, lack of odor, and can generally be purchased in many convenience stores and supermarkets. In Portuguese "azul e branco" literally means "blue and white", which are the distinctive colours of the soap. It can also be found in red and white.

Given the size of a loaf of soap (a long six-sided prism weighing approximately 1.5 kg, 3.3 lb), it must be cut to the desired size before use.

Formerly, azul e branco soap was popularly used to wash linens, carpets, and floors, as well as for personal hygiene.

Popular brands include Clarim, Confiança and Solavar.

Prism (geometry)
In geometry, a prism is a polyhedron comprising an n-sided polygon base, a second base which is a translated copy (rigidly moved without rotation) of the first, and n other faces, necessarily all parallelograms, joining corresponding sides of the two bases. All cross-sections parallel to the bases are translations of the bases. Prisms are named after their bases, e.g. a prism with a pentagonal base is called a pentagonal prism. Prisms are a subclass of prismatoids.

Like many basic geometric terms, the word prism (from Greek  πρίσμα (prisma) 'something sawed') was first used in Euclid's Elements. Euclid defined the term in Book XI as "a solid figure contained by two opposite, equal and parallel planes, while the rest are parallelograms". However, this definition has been criticized for not being specific enough in regard to the nature of the bases (a cause of some confusion amongst generations of later geometry writers).
Jacob Millman
Jacob Millman (1911 in Novohrad-Volynskyi, Russian Empire – May 22, 1991 in Longboat Key, Florida) was a professor of electrical engineering at Columbia University. He immigrated to the United States in 1913 with his mother, Gertrude (Nachshen) Millman and sister Rebecca.

Millman received a PhD from MIT in 1935.  He joined Columbia University in 1951, and retired in 1975. From 1941 to 1987, Millman wrote eight textbooks on electronics, and he helped develop radar systems. Millman's theorem (otherwise known as the parallel generator theorem) is named after him. He received in 1970 the IEEE Education Medal.

Millman died of pneumonia at his home in Longboat Key, Florida in 1991.

Zviahel
Zviahel (Ukrainian: Звягель, IPA: [ˈzʲwʲɑɦelʲ]; Yiddish: זוויל, romanized: Zvil) is a city in Zhytomyr Oblast, northern Ukraine. The city serves as the administrative center of Zviahel Raion (district). According to a 2025 estimate, its population was approximately 54,3 thousand inhabitants.

The city is located on the main route that links Lviv to Kyiv (E40). It is located on the Sluch River, which forms the eastern border of Volhynia.
Richard Dalton (editor)
Richard Dalton was a former editor of the Whole Earth Software Review. He was president of Keep/Track Corporation (Falmouth, Massachusetts) when he died of prostate cancer on Oct. 24 2016, age 76. For nine years he was a research affiliate of the Institute for the Future in Menlo Park, California specializing in emerging technologies and their business and social implications. He was a featured columnist for InformationWeek and Windows Magazine, and also wrote a column for Byte.com. He has recently spoken at Comdex, the Groupware Users Exchange, the InterClass European Conference and the Federal Government Group Decision Technology Conference.

In the early 1980s, Dalton advocated the use of inexpensive CP/M computers such as the Kaypro II and Morrow Designs MD-1 for businesses.

Dalton worked, without credit, on nearly all 183 software reviews presented by Paul Schindler on  Computer Chronicles from 1983-1992.

InformationWeek
InformationWeek is a digital magazine which conducts corresponding face-to-face events, virtual events, and research. It is headquartered in San Francisco, California and was first published in 1985 by CMP Media, later became part of Informa TechTarget. The print edition of the magazine has ceased, with the last issue published on June 24, 2013.
French Salad
French Salad is a 1934 comedy play by the British writer Max Catto. It appeared in London's West End between 31 July and 7 September 1934 initially at the Westminster Theatre before transferring to the Royalty Theatre. The West End cast included Clive Morton, Aubrey Dexter, A.R. Whatmore, Hilda Trevelyan, Leonora Corbett, Faith Bennett and Ellen Pollock.

Peacock Theatre
The Peacock Theatre (previously the Royalty Theatre) is a West End theatre in the City of Westminster, located in Portugal Street, near Aldwych. The 999-seat house is owned by, and comprises part of the London School of Economics and Political Science campus, who use the theatre for lectures, public talks, conferences, political speeches and open days.

The university has a long lease with London's principal centre for contemporary dance, Sadler's Wells, with whom it has negotiated a deal to bring in dance companies under the banner 'Sadler's Wells in the West End'. The venue often plays host to dance performances, conferences, ballet, pop concerts and award ceremonies. The stage is approximately 36 feet (11 m) by 33 feet (10 m).
Karla Jay
Karla Jay (born February 22, 1947) is an American retired academic. She is a professor emerita at Pace University, where she taught English and directed the women's and gender studies program between 1974 and 2009. A pioneer in the field of lesbian and gay studies, she is widely published.

Basic Books
Basic Books is a book publisher founded in 1950 and located in New York City, now an imprint of Hachette Book Group. It publishes books in the fields of psychology, philosophy, economics, science, politics, sociology, current affairs, and history.
Unocal 76 Challenge
The Unocal 76 Challenge was an award program for the NASCAR Winston Cup Series from 1989-1999 sponsored by the Unocal Corporation. Unocal posted a $7,600 cash prize if the pole position winner for each NASCAR Winston Cup event went on to win the race. If the prize was not claimed, it was rolled over to the next race until the pot was claimed.

The award program proved to be popular among competitors and fans, and was considered NASCAR's version of a Skins Game. The award provided over $2 million in cash prizes to NASCAR drivers.

Geoff Bodine
Geoffrey Eli Bodine (born April 18, 1949) is an American former motorsport driver and bobsled builder. He raced at the NASCAR Cup Series from 1979 to 2011, earning 18 wins and a best season finish of third in 1990.

Bodine was born into a racing family as his father and grandfather, Eli Bodine Jr. and Sr. built Chemung Speedrome just a year after he was born. He is the oldest of the three Bodine brothers (with Brett Bodine and Todd Bodine), and sister Denise. Bodine began learning his racing skills at this track in the micro-midget division when he was only five years old. He had such an itch to race that he disguised himself as a lady and entered an event known as the Powder Puff Derby when he was 15.
Associated Architects
Associated Architects is a leading AJ100 architectural firm with offices in Birmingham and Leeds, England. Founded in 1968, the practice has a broad portfolio of work including arts, commercial offices, residential, masterplanning and leisure and is particularly known for its work in education. It has received many national awards including over 30 RIBA Awards, together with the RIBA Sustainability Award. For its commercial work it has been awarded nine BCO Awards (British Council for Offices). The practice designed the George Davies Centre, at the University of Leicester, currently the largest (non-domestic) building in the UK to be Passivhaus accredited. It is also responsible for the design and delivery of Bartholomew Barn, the UK's first "multi-comfort" building, a benchmark pioneered by Saint Gobain. The building has set a new bar for sustainable architecture.

Brindleyplace
Brindleyplace is a large mixed-use canalside development, in the Westside district of Birmingham, England. It was named after Brindley Place, the name of the street (in turn named after the 18th-century canal engineer James Brindley) around which it is built. It was developed by the Argent Group from 1993 onwards.

In addition to shops, bars and restaurants, Brindleyplace is home to the National Sea Life Centre, Royal Bank of Scotland, Orion Media, Ikon Gallery of art and the Crescent Theatre. The site covers 17 acres (69,000 m²) of mixed-use redevelopment - the UK's largest such project. The Birmingham Canal Navigations Main Line Canal separates Brindleyplace from the International Convention Centre, although there are linking bridges. The National Indoor Arena, Old Turn Junction and bars of Broad Street are nearby and it is easily accessible and within walking distance of the main bus, metro (tram) and rail routes.
Something's Rotten
Something's Rotten is a Canadian drama film, directed by Harvey Frost and released in 1979. The film stars Charlotte Blunt as the queen of an unnamed European country, who is being pressured by the Prime Minister (Cec Linder) to abdicate the throne in favour of one of her sons, but who must wrestle with the question of which son, the older but emotionally unstable Prince Calvin (Geoffrey Bowes) or the younger but more mature Prince George (Christopher Barry), will be named as her successor. Meanwhile, a series of murders of the palace staff is being committed by an unidentified "Skulker", whom the queen begins to suspect may in fact be one of the princes.

The film was shot at Casa Loma in Toronto.

The film garnered two Genie Award nominations at the 1st Genie Awards in 1980, for Best Actor (Bowes) and Best Costume Design (Julie Whitfield).

Genie Awards
The Genie Awards were given out annually by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to recognize the best of Canadian cinema from 1980–2012. They succeeded the Canadian Film Awards (1949–1978). In 2013, the Academy merged the Genie Awards with its sister presentation for television, the Gemini Awards, to form the Canadian Screen Awards.

Genie Award candidates were selected from submissions made by the owners of Canadian films or their representatives, based on the criteria laid out in the Genie Rules and Regulations booklet which were distributed to Academy members and industry members. Peer-group juries, assembled from volunteer members of the Academy, met to watch the submissions and select a group of nominees. Academy members then voted on these nominations.
SS Mohawk
A number of steamships were named Mohawk, including

Mohawk, a US passenger ship in service 1896–1948

Mohawk , a UK cargo ship in service 1900–1917, renamed Hungarian Prince in 1912 and Belgian Prince in 1915, and torpedoed by U-55

Mohawk, a US cargo ship in service 1908–25 with Clyde Steamship Company

Mohawk, a US passenger cargo ship in service 1926–35 with Clyde Steamship Company

SS Mohawk (1908)
Mohawk was a steam passenger ship built in 1908 by William Cramp & Sons of Philadelphia for Clyde Steamship Company with intention of operating between New England and southern ports of the United States. In early January 1925 the ship caught fire off New Jersey coast and eventually was abandoned and scuttled by the crew without a loss of life.
Vends
The Vends (Latin: wendi; Latvian: vendi; Estonian: võndlased, võnnulased, vendid) were a Balto-Finnic people that lived between the 12th to 16th centuries in the area around the town of Wenden (now Cēsis) in present-day north-central Latvia.

According to the Livonian Chronicle of Henry, prior to their arrival in the area of Wenden in the 12th century, the Vends were settled in Ventava county (Latin: Wynda) by the Venta River near the present city of Ventspils in western Latvia. Their proximity to more numerous Finnic and Baltic tribes inclined the Vends to ally with the German crusaders, who began building a stone castle near the older Vendian wooden fortress in 1207. The castle of Wenden later became the residence of the Master of the Livonian Order. The last known record of the Vends' existence as a distinct entity dates from the sixteenth century.

Northern Crusades
The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were military campaigns conducted by several Germanic Catholic kingdoms and military orders in an effort to Christianize all of the pagans—the Balts, the Finns, and the West Slavs—around the southern and eastern shores of the Baltic Sea. In some cases, such as with the Wendish Crusade, they were partly aimed at controlling the rich resources found in those lands.

The most notable of these campaigns were the Livonian and Prussian Crusades. Some of these wars were explicitly regarded as crusades during the Middle Ages. For example, the war against the Estonians and the "other pagans in those parts", authorized by Pope Alexander III's 1171 crusade bull, Non parum animus noster. However, others—such as the (possibly mythical) 12th-century First Swedish Crusade and several subsequent incursions, undertaken by Scandinavian Christians against the then-Pagan Finns—were dubbed "crusades" only in the 19th century, by romantic nationalist historians.