hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Inner Workings: Literary Essays, 2000–2005
Inner Workings: Literary Essays, 2000–2005 is a series of 21 essays by the South African-born Nobel Prize winner J. M. Coetzee. Coetzee originally published sixteen of the essays in The New York Review of Books and four as introductions to texts.

Writers discussed in this collection include Italo Svevo, Robert Walser, Robert Musil, Walter Benjamin, Bruno Schulz, Joseph Roth, Sándor Márai, Paul Celan, Günter Grass, W. G. Sebald, Hugo Claus, Graham Greene, Samuel Beckett, Walt Whitman, William Faulkner, Saul Bellow, Arthur Miller, Philip Roth, Nadine Gordimer, Gabriel García Márquez, and V. S. Naipaul.

W. G. Sebald
Winfried Georg Sebald (18 May 1944 – 14 December 2001), known as W. G. Sebald or (as he preferred) Max Sebald, was a German writer and academic. At the time of his death at the age of 57, he was according to The New Yorker "widely recognized for his extraordinary contribution to world literature."
Keerthivaripalem
Keerthivaripalem is a small village in Chirala Mandal in Prakasam District in Andhra Pradesh state, India. Chirala, Karamchedu, Bapatla, Vetapalem, are the nearby towns to Keerthivaripalem. Keerthivaripalem is reachable by Ipurupalem railway station, Ipurupalem Halt railway station, Stuartpuram railway station, Chirala railway station. Its main Village Panchayat is Vodarevu Panchayat.

Bapatla
Bapatla is a town and district headquarters of Bapatla district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a municipality and the mandal headquarters of Bapatla mandal of Bapatla revenue division. The nearest towns and cities to Bapatla are Chirala, Ponnur, Tenali and Guntur of 17 km, 22 km, 50 km and 53 km respectively.
Stoeger Condor
The Stoeger Condor is a double-barreled shotgun.  It is an over/under gun, with one barrel above the other.

There are several models of Condor, with different features and in various gauges.  The standard model has a grade-A walnut stock and fore-end, blued receiver and barrels, a single trigger,  and screw-in choke tubes.  It has a vented barrel rib and a brass bead front sight.  It is chambered to use either 2-¾ inch or 3 inch shells.  Opening the action automatically engages the safety mechanism.

In the United States, the Condor is marketed and distributed by Stoeger Industries in Accokeek, Maryland. It is manufactured by E.R. Amantino in Veranópolis, Brazil.  The Condor is relatively inexpensive compared to other double barreled shotguns.  It is most often used for hunting birds and for clay target games such as trap and skeet.

Gauge (firearms)
The gauge (in American English; known as bore in Commonwealth English) of a firearm is a unit of measurement used to express the inner diameter (bore diameter) and other necessary parameters to define in general a smoothbore barrel (compare to caliber, which defines a barrel with rifling and its cartridge).

The gauge of a shotgun is a list that includes all necessary data to define a functional barrel. For example, the dimension of the chamber, the shotgun bore dimension, the valid proof load, and commercial ammunition, as defined globally by the C.I.P.; defined in Great Britain by the Rules, regulations and scales applicable to the proof of small arms (2006) of The London Proof House and The Birmingham Proof House, as referred in the Gun Barrel Proof Act 1978, Paragraph 6; and defined in the United States by SAAMI Z299.2 – 2019.
Va'eira
Va'eira, Va'era, or Vaera (וָאֵרָא‎—Hebrew for "and I appeared," the first word that God speaks in the parashah, in Exodus 6:3) is the fourteenth weekly Torah portion (פָּרָשָׁה, parashah) in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the second in the Book of Exodus. It constitutes Exodus 6:2–9:35. The parashah tells of the first seven Plagues of Egypt.

Religious Jews read it the fourteenth Shabbat after Simchat Torah—generally in January, or rarely, in late December.

It is composed of 6,701 Hebrew letters, 1,748 Hebrew words, 121 verses, and 222 lines in a Torah scroll, and is part of the Hebrew Bible.

Weekly Torah portion
The weekly Torah portion refers to a lectionary custom in Judaism in which a portion of the Torah (or Pentateuch) is read during Jewish prayer services on Monday, Thursday, and Saturday. The full name, Parashat HaShavua (Hebrew: פָּרָשַׁת הַשָּׁבוּעַ), is popularly abbreviated to parashah (also parshah /pɑːrʃə/ or parsha), and is also known as a Sidra or Sedra /sɛdrə/. The parashah is a section of the Torah used in Jewish liturgy during a particular week. There are 54 parshas, or parashiyot in Hebrew, and the full cycle is read over the course of one Biblical year.
Hexalobus monopetalus
Hexalobus monopetalus is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae with the common name baboon's breakfast. It is native to Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zaire and Zimbabwe. Achille Richard, the French botanist who first formally described the species, using the basionym Uvaria monopetala, named it after its petals which are fused at their base.

Annonaceae
The Annonaceae are a family of flowering plants consisting of trees, shrubs, or rarely lianas commonly known as the custard apple family or soursop family. With 108 accepted genera and about 2400 known species, it is the largest family in the Magnoliales. Several genera produce edible fruit, most notably Annona, Anonidium, Asimina, Rollinia, and Uvaria. Its type genus is Annona. The family is concentrated in the tropics, with few species found in temperate regions. About 900 species are Neotropical, 450 are Afrotropical, and the remaining are Indomalayan.
Étienne Bally
Étienne Marcel Bally (17 April 1923 – 10 January 2018) was a French sprinter and a European champion over 100 metres. He was born in Vénissieux.

Bally's first major competition was the 1946 European Championships held in Oslo, where he finished fourth in the final of the 100 metres—his time was equal to that of the bronze medalist, Carlo Monti. He also competed at the 1948 Olympics in London, where he reached the quarter-final of the 200 metres, but he failed to finish his heat of the 100 metres.

Bally's achieved his greatest success at the 1950 European Championships in Brussels, where he won gold in the 100 metres and silver in both the 200 metres and the 4 × 100 metres—he ran the first leg of the final and was followed by Jacques Perlot, Yves Camus and Jean-Pierre Guillon. His final major championships were the 1952 Olympics in Helsinki, where he reached the quarter-finals of both the 100 metres and the 200 metres and finished fifth in the final of the 4 × 100 metres.

1950 European Athletics Championships
The 4th European Athletics Championships were held from 23 August to 27 August 1950 in the Heysel Stadium of the Belgian capital Brussels.  Contemporaneous reports on the event were given in the Glasgow Herald.
GolTV (Canadian TV channel)
GolTV was a Canadian English language Category B specialty channel. GolTV was exclusively dedicated to soccer, with live and recorded sporting events from around the world, and news programs. GolTV was owned by Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment (MLSE).

Specialty channel
A specialty channel (also known in the United States as a cable channel or cable network) can be a commercial broadcasting or non-commercial television channel which consists of television programming focused on a single genre, subject or targeted television market at a specific demographic.
Hristoforos Hoidis
Hristoforos Hoidis (Greek: Χριστόφορος Χοϊδης; born 10 September 1978) is a Greek sprinter who specialized in the 100 metres.

He competed at the 2004 Olympic Games and the 1999 World Championships, but did not reach the final.

His personal best time was 10.14 seconds, achieved in June 2004 in Plovdiv. This ranks him third among Greek 100 metres sprinters, only behind Angelos Pavlakakis and Aristotelis Gavelas.

In 2005 Hoidis was found guilty of doping. He received an IAAF suspension from July 2005 to July 2007.

Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres
The men's 100 metres was of one of 23 track events of the athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics, in Athens. It was contested at the Athens Olympic Stadium, from August 21 to 22, by a total of 82 sprinters from 62 nations. Each nation was limited to 3 athletes per rules in force since the 1930 Olympic Congress.

The event was won by Justin Gatlin of the United States, the nation's second consecutive title and 16th overall in the event. Portugal earned its first medal in the men's 100 metres, with Francis Obikwelu's silver. The final was the fastest and most disputed in Olympic history, with six runners covering the distance in 10.00 seconds or less (four of them under the 9.90 mark), and the gold and bronze medalist athletes separated by 0.02 seconds.

The medals for the competition were presented by Juan Antonio Samaranch, IOC Honorary President for Life, Spain; and the medalists' bouquets were presented by Lamine Diack, IAAF President, Senegal.
Gunela
Gunela was an ancient Roman-Berber town and archaeological site in Bizerte Governorate, Tunisia. It was located at 37°09′56″N 9°45′56″E﻿ / ﻿37.165524°N 9.765536°E﻿ / 37.165524; 9.765536, within the modern suburbs of Tinja, Tunisia.

In antiquity, Gunela was a town in the province of Africa Proconsularis. Gunela has been tentatively located at the ruins of Henchir-Goungla across the river from Tindja. The town flourished from 30 BC to AD 640.

During late antiquity, Gunela was the seat of an ancient Roman Catholic diocese, suffragan of the Archdiocese of Carthage. The only bishop recorded by history is Pascasio, who took part in the Council of Carthage (484) that was convened by the Vandal king Huneric, after which Pascasio was exiled. Today it survives as titular bishopric and the current bishop is Keith Chylinski.

Huneric
Huneric, Hunneric or Honeric (died December 23, 484 AD) was King of the North African Vandal Kingdom (477–484 AD) and the oldest son of Gaiseric. He abandoned the imperial politics of his father and concentrated mainly on internal affairs. He was married to Eudocia, daughter of western Roman Emperor Valentinian III (419–455 AD) and Licinia Eudoxia. The couple had one child, a son named Hilderic.

Huneric was the first Vandal king to use the title King of the Vandals and Alans. Despite adopting this title and the Vandals maintaining their sea-power and their hold on the islands of the western Mediterranean, Huneric did not have the prestige that his father Gaiseric had enjoyed with other states.
Badang
Badang is a legendary Southeast Asian strongman from the Malay world, said to have originated from Batu Pahat, in present-day Johore. According to traditional Malay folklore, Badang was a common laborer who gained superhuman strength after encountering a mystical being. He later rose to fame in the court of Sri Rana Wikrama, a ruler of the Kingdom of Singapura, where he became renowned for feats of strength and acts of loyalty.

Badang is associated with various regional legends and historical artefacts, most notably the Singapore Stone, although there is no historical evidence linking him to it.

Malay folklore
Malay folklore  refers to a series of knowledges, traditions and taboos that have been passed down through many generations in oral, written and symbolic forms among the indigenous populations of Maritime Southeast Asia (Nusantara). They include among others, themes and subject matter related to the indigenous knowledge of the ethnic Malays and related ethnic groups within the region.

The stories within this system of lore often incorporate supernatural entities and magical creatures which form parts of the Malay mythology. Others relate to creation myths and place naming legends that are often inter-twined with historical figures and events. Ancient rituals for healing and traditional medicine as well as complex philosophies regarding health and disease can also be found.
Lasse Olsson
Lasse Olsson (died probably 1572) was Gustav Eriksson's (House of Vasa) lead warman and key figure in the war of liberation from the Union King Christian II in 1520–1521.  He then had several roles within the royal circle in Västerbotten, Hälsingland, Norrland and Östergötland. Between 1561 and 1568 he was a member of the royal High board. Olsson was born in Östergötland but was not born into the aristocracy. Two of his sons were later noblemen.

Västerbotten
Västerbotten (Swedish: [ˈvɛ̂sːtɛrˌbɔtːɛn] ⓘ), sometimes called West Bothnia or Westrobothnia, is a province (landskap) in northern Sweden, located by the Gulf of Bothnia. It borders the provinces of Ångermanland, Lapland and Norrbotten. The region is famous for Västerbotten cheese.
Leonid Lesh
Leonid Vilgelmovich Lesh (Russian: Леонид Вильгельмович Леш; 9 January 1862 – 28 August 1934) was an Imperial Russian Army commander. He served in the Boxer Rebellion, Russo Japanese War, and World War I.

Lesh took over command of the Third Army during the Gorlice–Tarnów offensive.

After the October Revolution, he sided with the White movement during the Russian Civil War. With the defeat of the White movement, he evacuated from Odessa on 25 January 1920 and emigrated to Yugoslavia. He died in Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia.

Order of Saint George (Russia)
The Order of Saint George (Russian: Орден Святого Георгия, romanized: Orden Svyatogo Georgiya) is the highest military decoration of the Russian Federation. It was originally established on 26 November 1769 Julian (7 December 1769 Gregorian) as the highest military decoration of the Russian Empire for commissioned officers and generals by Empress Catherine the Great. After the October Revolution in 1917, it was awarded by the White movement under Alexander Kolchak until their collapse in 1921. The order was revived in the Russian Federation on 20 March 1992 by Decree No.1463 of the President of Russia. The current award criteria were amended on 7 September 2010 by Presidential Decree 1099.
Fimbristylis eremophila
Fimbristylis eremophila is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae that is native to Australia.

The perennial grass-like or herb sedge typically grows to a height of 0.1 to 0.3 metres (0.33 to 0.98 ft) and has a tufted habit. It blooms between January and April and produces red-brown flowers.

In Western Australia it is found on sandy plains and along creeks and streams in the Pilbara and Goldfields regions where it grows in red sandy soils.

Goldfields–Esperance
31°S 123°E﻿ / ﻿31°S 123°E﻿ / -31; 123

The Goldfields–Esperance region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia. It is located in the south-eastern corner of Western Australia, and comprises the local government areas of Coolgardie, Dundas, Esperance, Kalgoorlie–Boulder, Laverton, Leonora, Menzies, Ngaanyatjarraku, Ravensthorpe and Wiluna.

It also incorporates the area along the Great Australian Bight to the South Australian border known as the Nullarbor Plain.
Eduardo Piccinini
Eduardo Beca Piccinini (born 30 November 1968) is a former international butterfly swimmer from Brazil.

He currently resides in Arizona, in United States, and his name illustrates the Amazon Swimming Cup.

He was at the 1991 Pan American Games in Havana, where he earned a bronze medal in the 100-metre butterfly.

At the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Piccinini finished 18th in the 100-metre butterfly, and 15th in the 200-metre butterfly.

Piccinini was at the 1994 World Aquatics Championships, in Rome, where he finished 25th in the 100-metre butterfly, and 26th in the 200-metre butterfly.

At the 1995 Pan American Games in Mar del Plata, Piccinini won a silver medal in the 100-metre butterfly and in the 4×100-metre freestyle. In the 4×100-metre medley relay, Piccinini won the silver medal, beating the South American record, with a time of 3:43.93, along with Gustavo Borges, Rogério Romero and Oscar Godói.

Mar del Plata
Mar del Plata is a city of the Atlantic Coast, in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is the seat of General Pueyrredón district. Mar del Plata is the second largest city in Buenos Aires Province. The name "Mar del Plata"  is short for "Mar del Río de la Plata," and means "sea of the Río de la Plata basin" or "adjoining sea to the (River) Plate region." Mar del Plata is one of the major fishing ports and the biggest seaside beach resort in Argentina.
With a population of 682,605 as per the 2022 census [INDEC], it is the 5th largest city in Argentina.
2012 ASEAN University Games
The  2012 ASEAN University Games officially known as the 16th ASEAN University Games was a Southeast Asian university multi-sports event held in Vientiane, Laos. This was the first time Laos hosted the games. Laos is the eighth nation to host the ASEAN University Games after Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Philippines and Vietnam.

The games was held from 12 to 20 December 2012, although several events had commenced from 11 December 2012. Around 1700 athletes participated at the event which featured 240 events in 17 sports. It was opened and closed by Thongsing Thammavong, the Prime Minister of Laos at the New Laos National Stadium.

The final medal tally was led by Malaysia, followed by Vietnam and Thailand with host Laos in fifth place.

Vientiane
Vientiane{{efn|/viˌɛntiˈɑːn/ vee-EN-tee-AHN; Lao: ວຽງຈັນ, Viangchan, pronounced [wíaŋ tɕàn] is the capital of Laos. Comprising the 5 urban districts of Vientiane Prefecture, the city is located on the banks of the Mekong, close to the border with Thailand. Vientiane was the administrative capital during French rule. The city had a population of 840,000 as of the 2023 census.

Vientiane is the home of Pha That Luang, an icon of Buddhism in Laos. Other Buddhist temples can be found there, such as Haw Phra Kaew, which formerly housed the Emerald Buddha.

The city is rated as 'suffiency' by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.
Valveless pulsejet
A valveless pulsejet (or pulse jet) is the simplest known jet propulsion device. Valveless pulsejets are low in cost, light weight, powerful and easy to operate. They have all the advantages (and most of the disadvantages) of conventional valved pulsejets, but without the reed valves that need frequent replacement; a valveless pulsejet can operate for its entire useful life with practically zero maintenance. They have been used to power model aircraft, experimental go-karts, and unmanned military aircraft such as cruise missiles and target drones.

Kadenacy effect
The Kadenacy effect is an effect of pressure-waves in gases. It is named after Michel Kadenacy who obtained a French patent for an engine utilizing the effect in 1933. There are also European and US patents. In simple terms, the momentum of the exhaust gas leaving the cylinder of an internal combustion engine creates a pressure-drop in the cylinder which assists the flow of a fresh charge of air, or fuel-air mixture, into the cylinder. The effect can be maximized by careful design of the inlet and exhaust passages.
Swedish relay
Swedish relay is an athletics track event in which teams comprise four runners. The first runner runs 100 meters, the second one 200 m, the third one 300 m and the fourth runner 400 m, so the total length of the race is one kilometer.

Usually Swedish relay is run in the competitions of children and youth, but it has also been run in the DN-Galan, Super Grand Prix competition in Stockholm. It is also contested at Norwegian Championships; the most successful clubs historically being IK Tjalve, IL i BUL and IL Gular.

The unofficial world record has been set by  a team of four Jamaicans,  Christopher Williams, Usain Bolt, Davian Clarke and Jermaine Gonzales at the DN Galan of 25 July 2006 with 1:46.59.

The medley relays have been a regular part of the World Youth Championships in Athletics and were contested by continental teams at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in this format.

Davian Clarke
Davian Clarke (born 30 April 1976) is a Jamaican former athlete, who mainly competed in the 400 metres. He was born in Spanish Town, St. Catherine and went to St. Catherine Primary & Kingston College HS won the bronze medal in the 4 × 400 metres relay at the 1996 Olympics, and many relay medals followed, before he won his first individual medal at the 2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships. Davian Clarke is also a graduate of University of Miami Patti & Allan Herbert Business School with Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA).
The Call of the Canyon (film)
The Call of the Canyon is a 1923 American silent Western film directed by Victor Fleming and starring Richard Dix, Lois Wilson, and Marjorie Daw. Based on the novel The Call of the Canyon by Zane Grey, the film is about a returning war veteran who is nursed back to health by a compassionate Arizona girl. The Call of the Canyon was filmed in Red Rock Crossing in Sedona, Arizona.

Victor Fleming
Victor Lonzo Fleming (February 23, 1889 – January 6, 1949) was an American film director, cinematographer, and producer. His most popular films were the historical drama Gone with the Wind, for which he won an Academy Award for Best Director, and the fantasy film The Wizard of Oz (both 1939). Fleming has those same two films listed in the top 10 of the American Film Institute's 2007 AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies list.
Mingrelian affair
The Mingrelian affair, or Mingrelian case (Russian: Мингрельское дело, mingrel’skoe delo; Georgian: მეგრელთა საქმე, megrelt’a sak’me), was a series of criminal cases fabricated in 1951 and 1952 in order to accuse several members of the Georgian SSR Communist Party of Mingrelian extraction of secession and collaboration with the Western powers.

Secession
Secession (from Latin: sēcessiō, lit. 'a withdrawing') is a term and a concept which is used in reference to the formal withdrawal of a group from a political entity.

In international law, secession is understood as a process in which an integral part of a state's territory unilaterally withdraws without the consent of the original state.

The process begins once a group proclaims an act of secession (such as a declaration of independence). A secession attempt might be violent or peaceful, but the goal is the creation of a new state or entity independent of the group or territory from which it seceded. Threats of secession can be a strategy for achieving more limited goals. There is some academic debate about this definition, and in particular how it relates to separatism.
Lariophagus distinguendus
Lariophagus distinguendus is a idiobiont ectoparasitoid hymenopteran in the family Pteromalidae, superfamily Chalcidoidea. It parasitizes small beetle larvae concealed in seeds, as well as prepupae and pupae in their cocoons. It is used for the biological control of several beetle pests of stored products, particularly in central Europe, where it is produced commercially and distributed by at least 11 companies.

Hymenoptera
Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. Many of the species are parasitic. Females typically have a special ovipositor for inserting eggs into hosts or places that are otherwise inaccessible. This ovipositor is often modified into a stinger. The young develop through holometabolism (complete metamorphosis)—that is, they have a wormlike larval stage and an inactive pupal stage before they reach adulthood.