hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Copositive matrix
In mathematics, specifically linear algebra, a real symmetric matrix A is copositive if

for every nonnegative vector  (where the inequalities should be understood coordinate-wise). Some authors do not require A to be symmetric. The collection of all copositive matrices is a proper cone; it includes as a subset the collection of real positive-definite matrices.

Copositive matrices find applications in economics, operations research, and statistics.

Linear algebra
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as

linear maps such as

and their representations in vector spaces and through matrices.

Linear algebra is central to almost all areas of mathematics. For instance, linear algebra is fundamental in modern presentations of geometry, including for defining basic objects such as lines, planes and rotations. Also, functional analysis, a branch of mathematical analysis, may be viewed as the application of linear algebra to function spaces.

Linear algebra is also used in most sciences and fields of engineering because it allows modeling many natural phenomena, and computing efficiently with such models. For nonlinear systems, which cannot be modeled with linear algebra, it is often used for dealing with first-order approximations, using the fact that the differential of a multivariate function at a point is the linear map that best approximates the function near that point.
British swimming champions – 200 metres medley winners
The British swimming champions over 200 metres individual medley, formerly the (Amateur Swimming Association (ASA) National Championships) are listed below.

The event was originally contested over 220 yards and then switched to the metric conversion of 200 metres in 1971.

Swim England
Swim England is the national governing body for swimming, diving, water polo, open water swimming, and synchronised swimming in England. It forms part of Aquatics GB, a federation of the national governing bodies of England, Scotland (Scottish Swimming), and Wales (Swim Wales).  These three are collectively known as the Home Country National Governing Bodies.
Tripoeae
Tripoeae or Tripoiai (Ancient Greek: Τριποιαί), or Tripoae or Tripoai (Τριποαί), was a town of the Chalcidice in ancient Macedonia. It belonged to the Delian League since it appears in the tribute records of Athens of 421/0 BCE, where it paid a phoros of 800 drachmas. It also appears in a treaty between the Athenians and Bottiaeans of 422 BCE, from which it is deduced that Tripoeae was located in Bottiaea near Calindoia.  In the year 323 BCE, it was one of the cities delivered by Alexander the Great to the Macedonians.

Its site is unlocated, but was probably located in the region of Bottiaea.

Chalkidiki
Chalkidiki (/kælˈkɪdɪki/; Greek: Χαλκιδική, romanized: Chalkidikḗ [xalciðiˈci], alternatively Halkidiki), also known as Chalcidice, is a peninsula and regional unit of Greece, part of the region of Central Macedonia, in the geographic region of Macedonia in Northern Greece. The autonomous Mount Athos region constitutes the easternmost part of the peninsula, but not of the regional unit.

The capital of Chalkidiki is the town of Polygyros, located in the centre of the peninsula, while the largest town is Nea Moudania. Chalkidiki is a popular summer tourist destination.
Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, initialised as WUTH, is a multi-hospital NHS trust with teaching accreditation and foundation trust status on the Wirral Peninsula, England, providing healthcare for this and surrounding areas of North West England and North Wales.

The trust is responsible for three hospitals within two sites: Arrowe Park Hospital and Wirral Women and Children's Hospital in the main site; and Clatterbridge Hospital in Clatterbridge Health Park, a site which the trust occupies along with two other NHS trusts and three non-NHS organisations. It also provides some services at St Catherine's Health Centre, Tranmere and Victoria Central Health Centre, Wallasey.

NHS trust
An NHS trust is an organisational unit within the National Health Services of England and Wales, generally serving either a geographical area or a specialised function (such as an ambulance service). In any particular location there may be several trusts involved in the different aspects of providing healthcare to the local population. As of April 2020, there were altogether 217 trusts, and they employ around 800,000 of the NHS's 1.2 million staff.
Pahnavar, Mazandaran
Pahnavar (Persian: پهناور, also Romanized as Pahnāvar; also known as Pahnevar) is a village in Karipey Rural District, Lalehabad District, Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 238, in 54 families.

Babol County
Babol County(Persian: شهرستان بابل) is the most populous county in Mazandaran province and the second most populous county in northern Iran. The capital of the county is the city of Babol. Babol County consists of six districts, seven cities, and nearly 700 villages.

The elevation of the city of Babol is 2 meters below sea level, making it the "lowest" city in Mazandaran province. The elevation in the county, from the north to 10 kilometers south, is below sea level. The city of Babol is divided into two urban areas. The population of Babol in 2016 was 250,217, and that of Babol County 531,930.
Freak Boy
Freak Boy is an unfinished puzzle-platform game developed by Zono for the Nintendo 64. Played from a third-person perspective, the game was planned to be published by Virgin Interactive. Announced in early 1996 under the name Stacker, the game saw two complete redesigns before finally being cancelled in late 1998. A playable early alpha build of the game was successfully fundraised and released online on June 28, 2020.

Zono
Zono Inc. was an American video game developer based in El Segundo, California. The company was founded on July 25, 1991, by Ed Zobrist and William Novak, originally located in Costa Mesa, California. They are best known for their 2000 real-time strategy game Metal Fatigue.

In 2005, Zono was acquired by MumboJumbo and renamed MumboJumbo LA. In 2007, the company was moved to El Segundo, California. In December 2007, MumboJumbo closed MumboJumbo LA and terminated all employees.
Power (1996 film)
Power is a 1996 Canadian documentary film directed by Magnus Isacsson. The film portrays the efforts of the Cree and Inuit of Nord-du-Québec to campaign against the hydroelectricity project on the Great Whale River.

The film premiered in the Perspective Canada program at the 1996 Toronto International Film Festival.

The film received a Genie Award nomination for Best Feature Length Documentary at the 17th Genie Awards.

Nord-du-Québec
Nord-du-Québec (French pronunciation: [nɔʁ d͜zy kebɛk]; English: Northern Quebec) is the largest, but the least populous, of the seventeen administrative regions of Quebec, Canada.

Spread over nearly 14 degrees of latitude, north of the 49th parallel, the region covers 860,692 km2 (332,315 sq mi) on the Labrador Peninsula, making it larger than Alberta, and slightly smaller than British Columbia or Ontario. It is just over half of the province's total land area.
Western Reserve Conference
The Western Reserve Conference is a high school athletics conference made up of members from Cuyahoga, Geauga and Lake counties in Northeast Ohio. They compete in the Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA) and began play in the 2015–16 school year. It is anticipated the current conference will cease operations at the end of the 2025–26 school year as all current members are planning on changing to other league affiliations for the 2026–27 school year. Historically, it is the fourth athletics conference to use the Western Reserve name, succeeding a previous Western Reserve Conference that existed from 1996 to 2007 and two other earlier leagues that existed in the early and mid 20th century.

Cuyahoga County, Ohio
Cuyahoga County (/ˌkaɪ.əˈhɒɡə/ KY-ə-HOG-ə or /ˌkaɪ.əˈhoʊɡə/ KY-ə-HOH-gə, see Cuyahoga River § Pronunciation) is a large urban county located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Ohio. The county seat and most populous city is Cleveland. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,264,817, making it the second-most populous county in the state.

Cuyahoga County is situated on the southern shore of Lake Erie, across the U.S.–Canada maritime border. The county is bisected by the Cuyahoga River, after which it was named. "Cuyahoga" is an Iroquoian word meaning "crooked river". It is the core county of the Cleveland, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area and Cleveland–Akron–Canton, OH Combined Statistical Area.
1939 South African Grand Prix
The 1939 South African Grand Prix was a voiturette race held at the Prince George Circuit in East London, South Africa on 2 January 1939. The race consisted of 18 laps, each with a distance of 11.03 miles (17.75 km).

It was the last major international race in South Africa until 1960. Luigi Villoresi won the race with an average speed just under 100 miles per hour (160 km/h). Third-place finisher Mario Massacuratti had the fastest lap.

Formula Two
Formula Two (F2) is a type of open-wheel formula racing category first codified in 1948. It was replaced in 1985 by Formula 3000, but revived by the FIA from 2009 to 2012 in the form of the FIA Formula Two Championship. The name returned again in 2017 when the former GP2 Series became known as the FIA Formula 2 Championship.
Superspace
Superspace is the coordinate space of a theory exhibiting supersymmetry. In such a formulation, along with ordinary space dimensions x, y, z, ..., there are also "anticommuting" dimensions whose coordinates are labeled in Grassmann numbers rather than real numbers. The ordinary space dimensions correspond to bosonic degrees of freedom, the anticommuting dimensions to fermionic degrees of freedom.

The word "superspace" was first used by John Wheeler in an unrelated sense to describe the configuration space of general relativity; for example, this usage may be seen in his 1973 textbook Gravitation.

Super vector space
In mathematics, a super vector space is a -graded vector space, that is, a vector space over a field  with a given decomposition of subspaces of grade  and grade . The study of super vector spaces and their generalizations is sometimes called super linear algebra. These objects find their principal application in theoretical physics where they are used to describe the various algebraic aspects of supersymmetry.
John McGinlay
John McGinlay (born 8 April 1964) is a Scottish football manager, scout and former professional player who is the club ambassador of Bolton Wanderers.

As a player, he was a striker over a 26-year career that saw him notably play in the Premier League for Bolton Wanderers. He also played in the Football League for Shrewsbury Town, Bury, Millwall, Bradford City and Oldham Athletic. He also played non-league football in both Scotland and England for Fort William, Nairn County, Elgin City and Yeovil Town, as well as a spell in New Zealand with North Shore United, and in the United States with Cincinnati Riverhawks and Cincinnati Kings. He was capped 13 times by Scotland, scoring four goals.

Following his retirement, McGinlay had brief spells as manager of both Gresley Rovers and Ilkeston Town. He also returned to the USA as director of coaching for Cincinnati Kings. He later had spells as a scout for the Scottish Football Association, Wigan Athletic, Blackpool and Blackburn Rovers.

PFA Team of the Year
The Professional Footballers' Association Team of the Year (often called the PFA Team of the Year, or simply the Team of the Year) is an annual award given to a set of 55 footballers across the top four tiers of men's English football: the Premier League, the Championship, League One and League Two, as well as the top tier of women's football:  the Women's Super League.

The award has been presented to men since the 1973–74 season and women since the 2013–14 season. The shortlist is compiled by the members of the players' trade union, the Professional Footballers' Association (PFA), in January of every year, with the winners then being voted for by the other players in their respective divisions.

The award is regarded by players in the Football League as the highest accolade available to them, due to it being picked by their fellow professionals.
SpringBoard
SpringBoard is the standard application that manages the iPhone's home screen. Other tasks include starting WindowServer, launching and bootstrapping applications, and setting some of the device's settings on startup.

Android's equivalent of iOS' SpringBoard would be a launcher, offering similar functionalities.

IOS 16
iOS 16 is the sixteenth major release of Apple's iOS mobile operating system for the iPhone. It is the successor of iOS 15, and was announced at the company's Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) on June 6, 2022, alongside iPadOS 16, and released on September 12, 2022. It was succeeded by iOS 17 on September 18, 2023.

It is the first iOS release since iPhone OS 1 to be exclusive to iPhones, as it drops support for the seventh-generation iPod Touch. The iPhone 7 and 7 Plus, iPhone 6s and 6s Plus, and first-generation iPhone SE would also be dropped. It is also the final iOS release to support the iPhone 8 and 8 Plus and iPhone X, as iOS 17 dropped support for these iPhones in 2023.
1975–76 Cypriot Cup
The 1975–76 Cypriot Cup was the 34th edition of the Cypriot Cup. A total of 35 clubs entered the competition. It began on 8 May 1976 with the preliminary round and concluded on 27 June 1976 with the final which was held at Tsirio Stadium. APOEL won their 9th Cypriot Cup trophy after beating Alki Larnaca 6–0 in the final.

Tsirio Stadium
The Tsirio Stadium (Greek: Τσίρειο Στάδιο) is an all-seater multi-purpose stadium in Limassol, Cyprus.

The stadium holds 13,331 people and is mostly used for football matches. It was the home ground of the three biggest clubs in Limassol, which have now moved to the Alphamega Stadium.

The football pitch is surrounded by an athletics track and serves as the home ground of the Limassol GSO (Gymnastikos Syllogos Olympia) Athletics Club.
Woosehill
Woosehill is a suburb of Wokingham in the English county of Berkshire.

Woosehill – spelled incorrectly as Woose Hill on Ordnance Survey maps – is the north-western region of Wokingham, adjoining Emmbrook. The Emm Brook forms its eastern boundary and the Bearwood Road its western boundary, past the wooded area around Round Hill.  Built primarily in the 1980s, it contains a wide range of family homes and bungalows. Amenities include a Morrisons supermarket, Chinese takeaway and doctor's surgery.

There are also two primary schools, Hawthorns and Windmill, and two pre-schools, Chestnuts and Yellowbrick. There is a 24-hour veterinary clinic located next door to Morrisons in the building of the old surgery. The surgery has now moved to Fernlea Drive, adjacent to the Morrisons car park.

In Chestnut Avenue, off Northway, there is the Woosehill Community Church.

Emm Brook
The Emm Brook, sometimes known as the Embrook or Emmbrook, is a small river in the English county of Berkshire. It is a tributary of the River Loddon which it meets at the village of Hurst.

The Wokingham suburb of Emmbrook is named after the river.

The Emm Brook passes through Dinton Pastures Country Park, where the original route has been diverted to enable gravel extraction in the 1970s.
It flows along the eastern boundary of The Emmbrook School.

On 20 July 2007 the river suffered a flash flood that breached banks at Emmbrook School, among others. It destroyed the ground floor rooms and computer suites causing them to be totally rebuilt over the summer holiday.
Wedgwood Institute
The Wedgwood Institute is a large red-brick building that stands in Queen Street, in the town of Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England.  It is sometimes called the Wedgwood Memorial Institute, but it is not to be confused with the former Wedgwood Memorial College in Barlaston. It achieved listed building status (Grade II*) in 1972.

Stoke-on-Trent
Stoke-on-Trent (often abbreviated to Stoke) is a city and unitary authority area in Staffordshire, England. It had an estimated population of 259,965 in 2022, making it the largest settlement in Staffordshire and one of the largest cities of the Midlands. Stoke is surrounded by the towns of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Alsager, Kidsgrove and Biddulph, which form a conurbation around the city.

The city is polycentric, formed from the federation of six towns in 1910. It took its name from the town of Stoke-upon-Trent, where the main centre of government and the principal railway station in the district were located. Hanley is the primary commercial centre. The other four towns which form the city are Burslem, Tunstall, Longton and Fenton.

As the home of the pottery industry in England, the area is known as The Potteries. It is a centre for service industries and distribution centres. It formerly had a primarily heavy industry sector.
Bakenrenef (vizier)
Bakenrenef or Bakenranef was an ancient Egyptian Vizier of the North (Lower Egypt) during the reign of Psamtik I (664 – 610 BC) of the 26th Dynasty. Like Khaemwaset several centuries before, he bore the title of Iunmutef, “Cleaner of the Great House”. His father was a mayor called Padineit, while his mother was a certain Tageb.

Bakenrenef is mainly known for his large rock tomb in Saqqara and its reliefs depicting scenes from the Book of the Dead and from the Amduat. The tomb was later reused for other burials during the 30th Dynasty. The decoration of the tomb was still largely intact when the Lepsius expedition discovered and copied it, in the middle of the 19th century. Since then, the grave has been vandalized: most reliefs were torn away from the walls and sold to various museums and private collectors. For about twenty years an Italian expedition worked there and Bakenrenef's limestone sarcophagus is now in the National Archaeological Museum of Florence.

Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt
The Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXX, alternatively 30th Dynasty or Dynasty 30) is usually classified as the fifth Dynasty of the Late Period of ancient Egypt. It was founded after the overthrow of Nepherites II in 380 BC by Nectanebo I, and was disestablished upon the invasion of Egypt by the Achaemenid king Artaxerxes III in 343 BC. This is the final native dynasty of ancient Egypt.
Jhansi Airstrip
Jhansi Airstrip (ICAO: VIJN) is a military airstrip situated in Jhansi city in the Bundelkhand region of Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, which is run by the Army Aviation Corps and owned by Uttar Pradesh Government. The airstrip covers an area of 198 acres. Establishment of an airport was proposed by government by upgrading the existing government airstrip, which is now replaced by a new greenfield airport project.

Army Aviation Corps (India)
The Army Aviation Corps (AAC) is the youngest arm of the Indian Army, being formally designated on 1 November 1986. The Army Aviation Corps units are designated as Squadrons. Each squadron generally consists of two Flights. Reconnaissance (Recce) and Observation (R & O) flights might be part of squadrons or operate independently. The latter do not have a parent squadron and are designated by an (I) in their name.
Ian Gent
Ian Gent is a British computer scientist working in the area of artificial intelligence and specialising in the area of constraint programming. He is a professor at the University of St Andrews. He (along with Toby Walsh) first wrote about the phase transition in many NP complete problems, in particular SAT. He was also one of the first researchers to investigate full generic methods to handle symmetry in constraint programming.

Gent founded recomputation.org, to promote reproducible experiments in computer science.

He was one of the founders of the csplib.org website, and popularised the Petrie Multiplier.

In January 2013 Gent founded the blog Depressed Academics with Mikael Vejdemo-Johansson.

Reproducibility
Reproducibility, closely related to replicability and repeatability, is a major principle underpinning the scientific method. For the findings of a study to be reproducible means that results obtained by an experiment or an observational study or in a statistical analysis of a data set should be achieved again with a high degree of reliability when the study is replicated. There are different kinds of replication but typically replication studies involve different researchers using the same methodology. Only after one or several such successful replications should a result be recognized as scientific knowledge.
California Ocean Science Trust
California Ocean Science Trust (OST) is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) public-benefit corporation established pursuant to the California Ocean Resources Stewardship Act (CORSA) of 2000. The mission of OST is to advance a constructive role for science in decision-making by promoting collaboration and mutual understanding among scientists, citizens, managers, and policymakers working toward sustained, healthy, and productive coastal and ocean ecosystems. Because OST is not a government entity, it can act as an independent and unbiased broker between policymakers and managers, and the scientific community.

To achieve its mission and align with the purposes laid out in the enabling legislation, OST has two overarching organizational goals: 1) Facilitate two-way connections between the worlds of science and California coastal ocean policy and management and 2) Institutionalize the integration of the best science into California coastal ocean policy and decision-making.

Marine Life Protection Act
The Marine Life Protection Act (MLPA) was passed in 1999 and is part of the California Fish and Game Code. The MLPA requires California to reevaluate all existing marine protected areas (MPAs) and potentially design new MPAs that together form a statewide network. The MLPA has clear guidance associated with the development of this MPA network. MPAs are developed on a regional basis with MLPA and MPA-specific goals in mind and are evaluated over time to assess their effectiveness in meeting these goals. The five main goals of the Marine Life Protection Act are to maintain the diversity of marine ecosystems, conserve its populations, better educate people on human-marine life interactions, protect habitats, and effectively enforce MPAs. The establishment of this policy is an important step in expanding science-based management and decision making regarding policies.
21st Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 21st Division (第21師団, Dai-nijūichi Shidan) was an infantry division in the Imperial Japanese Army. Its tsūshōgō code name was the Attack Division (討兵団, Tou Heidan). The 21st Division was created on 4 April 1938 as a triangular division as part of the military buildup following the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, along with the resurrected 17th and 18th Divisions, and the new 22nd and 23rd Divisions. Its original headquarters was in a suburb of the city of Kanazawa, and its troops were recruited primarily from communities in Ishikawa and Toyama Prefectures.

Kanazawa
Kanazawa (金沢市, Kanazawa-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [ka.naꜜ.(d)za.wa, ka.na.(d)za.waꜜ.ɕi]) is the capital of Ishikawa Prefecture in central Japan. As of 1 January 2018, the city had an estimated population of 466,029 in 203,271 households, and a population density of 990 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 468.64 square kilometres (180.94 sq mi).
Llanelly
Llanelly (Welsh: Llanelli) is a village, community, and parish in the county of Monmouthshire, South East Wales. It formerly existed in the historic county of Brecknockshire. The population of the community and ward at the 2011 census was 3,899. The Brecon Beacons National Park encompasses the parish and the surrounding area.

South East Wales
South East Wales is a loosely defined region of Wales generally corresponding to the preserved counties of Mid Glamorgan, South Glamorgan and Gwent. Highly urbanised, it includes the cities of Cardiff and Newport as well as large towns in the South Wales Valleys.