hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ex Parte Maurice
In Ex Parte Maurice, an important case in South African succession law, the facts were these: A few weeks before his death, the deceased forwarded a draft of his will in his own handwriting to a building society, along with a letter asking them to “knock this document into shape and finalise it in legal jargon.” The question before the court was whether it should exercise its discretion to declare the will valid, even though it had not been signed by any witnesses, etc. The court held that there are three requirements which must be fulfilled before condonation is given:

The document must be drafted or executed by a person

who has since died;

and who intended the document to be his will.

The court held that the document was merely a draft; there was still work to be done on it, so it was not the final will and testament of the deceased. Accordingly, the court did not declare the will valid.

Legal English
Legal English, also known as legalese, is a register of English used in legal writing. It differs from day-to-day spoken English in a variety of ways including the use of specialized vocabulary, syntactic constructions, and set phrases such as legal doublets.

Legal English has traditionally been the preserve of lawyers from English-speaking countries. However, due to the spread of Legal English as the predominant language of international business, as well as its role as a legal language within the European Union (EU), Legal English is now a global phenomenon even in non-English speaking countries.
Fjordservice
Fjordservice AS is a defunct passenger ferry company that operated routes from Stavanger to Ryfylke in Rogaland, Norway. It operated from 1990 to 2008. The routes operated were Stavanger–Mekjarvik– Kvitsøy, Stavanger–Usken–Hommersåk and Stavanger–Byøyene.

The company was founded in 1990 and started with ferry routes; it was later bought by Rogaland Trafikkselskap (later Stavangerske) and L. Rødne og Sønner. Rogaland Trafikkselskap then bought out Rødne, and in 2008, Stavangerske, Fjordservice and Tide merged.

Hommersåk
Hommersåk is a village in Sandnes municipality in Rogaland county, Norway.  The village is located in the borough of Riska in the northern part of the municipality. It is situated about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) northeast of the centre of the city of Sandnes, along the shore of the Riskafjorden, an arm off the main Gandsfjorden. The 2.28-square-kilometre (560-acre) village has a population (2019) of  6,425 and a population density of 2,818 inhabitants per square kilometre (7,300/sq mi).

There are a few shops and a small shopping centre called Bryggen. There is also a sports centre with swimming facilities. The village and its surroundings are popular places for cottages and leisure boats among people from the Stavanger/Sandnes area. There are two churches in the village: Riska Church and the historic Old Riska Church.  The island of Uskjo lies just off the coast of Hommersåk to the north.
USS Tomahawk (AO-88)
USS Tomahawk (AO-88) was an Escambia-class fleet oiler acquired by the United States Navy for use during World War II. She had the dangerous but necessary task of providing fuel to vessels in combat and non-combat areas primarily in the Pacific Ocean. For her valiant efforts, she received six battle stars during the war.

The first Tomahawk, to be so named by the Navy, was laid down under Maritime Commission contract (MC hull 1267) on 1 June 1943 by Marinship Corporation of Sausalito, California, launched on 10 October 1943, sponsored by Mrs. W. L, Kidneigh, and commissioned at Portland, Oregon, on 16 April 1944.

Marinship
Marinship Corporation was a shipbuilding company of the United States during World War II, created to build the shipping required for the war effort. Founded in 1942, the shipyard built 93 cargo ships and oil tankers, before ending operations in 1945.
Ajoo
Ajoo (Born Noh Ah-joo, (Korean: 노아주 on July 6, 1990) is a South Korean singer and dancer who debuted in 2008 with the single "1st Kiss".

Although his first single did not do as well as expected on music charts he made a comeback with "Paparazzi" which features labelmate and popular female solo artist Younha. Younha also wrote the lyrics for the song and appeared in the music video.

He released a single in early 2009 titled "재벌2세" ("Wealthy 2nd Generation"), which deals with the topic of rich, spoiled children.  The song was banned in its original state from KBS, saying that the song was encouraging excessive, indulgent lifestyles; this was criticized by the public, saying that KBS's own dramas were guilty of the same thing, namely its hit Boys Over Flowers.

In 2010 he starred in a Thai film Kaorak thi kaoli Sorry saranghaeyo by Poj Arnon, as himself.

Boys Over Flowers (2009 TV series)
Boys Over Flowers (Korean: 꽃보다 남자; RR: Kkotboda namja) is a 2009 South Korean television series starring Koo Hye-sun, Lee Min-ho, Kim Hyun-joong, Kim Bum, and Kim Joon. Based on the Japanese manga series Boys Over Flowers (花より男子, Hana Yori Dango) which was written and illustrated by Yoko Kamio, the series, directed by Jeon Si-Kang, tells a story of a working-class girl who gets tangled up in the lives of a group of wealthy young men in her elite high school. It aired for 25 episodes on KBS2 from January 5 to March 31, 2009.

It is often regarded as a pioneer in Korean high school series, as well as to have helped the proliferation of the "Korean Wave". The series earned high viewership ratings in South Korea, and became a cultural phenomenon throughout Asia. Lee Min-ho's role as the leader of F4 completely contrasted his role in Mackerel Run, which earned him overseas popularity.
Vitis yunnanensis
Vitis yunnanensis (known locally as yun nan pu tao, meaning Yunnan grape) is a species of liana in the grape family native to the Chinese province of Yunnan (in Jingdong Yi Autonomous County and Jinghong). It is a forest dweller, found at various elevations between 500 and 1800 meters. In August it bears globular berries.

Jinghong
Jinghong (Chinese: 景洪; pinyin: Jǐnghóng; Tai Lü: ᦵᦋᧂ ᦣᦳᧂᧈ ᦉᦹᧈ; Burmese: ကျိုင်းဟုံ; Thai: เชียงรุ่ง, RTGS: Chiang Rung, pronounced [tɕʰīaŋ rûŋ]; Northern Thai: เจียงฮุ่ง, pronounced [tɕīaŋ hûŋ]; Lao: ຊຽງຮຸ່ງ, pronounced [síaŋ hūŋ]; also formerly romanised as Chiang Hung, Chengrung, Cheng Hung, Jeng Hung,  Jinghung, Keng Hung, Kiang Hung and Muangjinghung) is a city in and the seat of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, in the far south of China's Yunnan province, and the historic capital of the former Tai kingdom of Sipsongpanna.
Julie Vollertsen
Julie Jo Vollertsen Melli (born March 1, 1959, in Syracuse, Nebraska) is an American former female professional volleyball player. Her main achievement is her part in the silver medal won by the United States at the 1984 Summer Olympic Games. She later moved to Italy to play professionally, settling in Reggio Emilia where she stayed after ending her playing career.

CEV Women's Challenge Cup
The CEV Women's Challenge Cup, formerly (from 1980 to 2007) known as CEV Women's Cup is the third official competition for women's volleyball clubs of Europe and takes place every year. It is organized by the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball (CEV) and was created as CEV Women's Cup in 1980 to allow more clubs to participate in European competitions. In 2007, it was renamed CEV Challenge Cup following a CEV decision to rename its second official competition (known as Top Teams Cup) to CEV Cup.
Nicholas Mabodoko
Nicholas Joel Mabodoko was a Zimbabwean politician.

Prior to independence he chaired the Joint African Advisory Board. He became the first black chairman of the African Advisory Board in 1975. After independence, he served as PF-ZAPU mayor of Bulawayo from 1985 to 1988, becoming a member of ZANU-PF following the unification of the two parties in 1987. During the Bulawayo mayoral elections of 2001, he clashed with Jonathan Moyo over alleged vote-buying.

He served as chairman of the state bus company ZUPCO until 2001.
The government of Zimbabwe declared him a Liberation War hero and was buried with honours. In the 1970s, he was Chairman of Bulawayo African Football Association (BAFA).

ZANU–PF
The Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF) is a political organisation which has been the ruling party of Zimbabwe since independence in 1980. The party was led for many years by Robert Mugabe, first as prime minister with the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and then as president from 1987 after the merger with the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) and retaining the name ZANU–PF.

At the 2008 parliamentary election, the ZANU–PF lost sole control of parliament for the first time in party history and brokered a difficult power-sharing deal with the Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai (MDC). ZANU-PF then won the 2013 election, gaining a two-thirds majority. The party narrowly held their super-majority in the 2018 election.

On 19 November 2017, following a coup d'état, ZANU–PF removed Robert Mugabe as party leader, who resigned two days later, and appointed former Vice President Emmerson Mnangagwa in his place.
William Passavant
William Alfred Passavant (October 9, 1821 – June 3, 1894) was a Lutheran minister who brought the Lutheran Deaconess movement to the United States. He is commemorated in the Calendar of Saints of the Lutheran Church on November 24 with Justus Falckner and Jehu Jones.

Rochester, Pennsylvania
Rochester is a borough in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located at the confluence of the Beaver and Ohio rivers 25 miles (40 km) northwest of Pittsburgh. The population was 3,472 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area.

Like many towns around Pittsburgh, Rochester was a former industrial hub, home to the H. C. Fry Glass Company, and was a major junction on the Pennsylvania Railroad. Rochester has been a background for films, including the 1986 movie Gung Ho, the 1996 movie Kingpin, and the 2000 movie Wonder Boys.
Jacksonville Fire and Rescue Department
The Jacksonville Fire and Rescue Department (JFRD) provides fire protection and emergency medical services for Jacksonville, Florida, as well as all unincorporated areas of Duval County.

According to a list of the thirty largest fire departments in the United States, based on staff size, JFRD is number eighteen.

Duval County has the fifth largest fire department in the state based on the number of fire stations. JFRD is among the largest departments in the state and the nation. The department is made up of six divisions, sixty-three fire and rescue station locations, a professional career force of roughly thirteen-hundred individuals.

Fire protection
Fire protection is the study and practice of mitigating the unwanted effects of potentially destructive fires. It involves the study of the behaviour, compartmentalisation, suppression and investigation of fire and its related emergencies, as well as the research and development, production, testing and application of mitigating systems. In structures, be they land-based, offshore or even ships, owners and operators may be responsible for maintaining their facilities in accordance with a design-basis rooted in law, including local building and fire codes.

Buildings must be maintained in accordance with the current fire code, enforced by fire prevention officers of a local fire department. In the event of fire emergencies, Firefighters, fire investigators, and other fire prevention personnel are called to mitigate, investigate and learn from the damage of a fire.
Liuboml Raion
Liuboml Raion (Ukrainian: Любомльський район) was a raion in Volyn Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center was the town of Liuboml. The raion was abolished and its territory was merged into Kovel Raion on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Volyn Oblast to four. The last estimate of the raion population was 38,578 (2020 est.)

Liuboml
Liuboml (Russian and Ukrainian: Любомль, Ukrainian pronunciation: [ˈlʲubomlʲ] ⓘ; Polish and German: Luboml; Yiddish: ליבעוונע, romanized: Libevne) is a city in Kovel Raion, Volyn Oblast, western Ukraine. It is located close to the border with Poland. It serves as the administrative center of Liuboml urban hromada. Population: 10,295 (2022 estimate).
Revenue stamps of the British Virgin Islands
The British Virgin Islands has issued revenue stamps since 1988. The first issue consisted of two values of $25 and $100, which represented the fee for wedding licences. In 1996, a set of three values –  of $10, $40 and $50 –  was issued with a design showing a bird. The first issue had no imprint date, but the $40 is also known with imprint dates of 1997, 1999 and 2003. A $100 recently was added to the series, and a $500 in 2011.

The United States Virgin Islands also issue their own revenues.

Revenue stamp
A revenue stamp, tax stamp, duty stamp or fiscal stamp is a (usually) adhesive label used to designate collected taxes or fees on documents, tobacco, alcoholic drinks, drugs and medicines, playing cards, hunting licenses, firearm registration, and many other things.  Typically, businesses purchase the stamps from the government (thereby paying the tax), and attach them to taxed items as part of putting the items on sale, or in the case of documents, as part of filling out the form.

Revenue stamps often look very similar to postage stamps, and in some countries and time periods it has been possible to use postage stamps for revenue purposes, and vice versa. Some countries also issued dual-purpose postage and revenue stamps.
Congress of Roman Frontier Studies
The Congress of Roman Frontier Studies or Limes Congress is one of the most important conferences on archaeology in Europe. The conference takes place on a triennial basis, although there have been some exceptions. The first congress was held in Durham in 1949; the most recent one took place in Batumi, Georgia, in 2024.

Rough Castle Fort
Rough Castle Fort is a Roman fort on the Antonine Wall roughly 2 kilometres south east of Bonnybridge near Tamfourhill in the Falkirk council area,  Scotland. It is owned by the National Trust for Scotland.
Craig Kobel
Craig Kobel (born January 26, 1982) is an American former football linebacker. He was signed by the Utah Blaze as a free agent in 2006. He played college football at South Florida.

Kobel was also a member of the Cologne Centurions, Philadelphia Eagles, Philadelphia Soul, New York Jets, and Hartford Colonials

Philadelphia Soul
The Philadelphia Soul was a professional arena football team based in Philadelphia that competed in the Arena Football League (AFL) from 2004 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2019. The Soul made five ArenaBowl appearances, winning their first appearance (2008 against the San Jose SaberCats) and losing their next two appearances (2012 and 2013 both to the Arizona Rattlers). The Soul won in their fourth appearance, against the Rattlers in 2016, winning 56–42. They also won in their fifth appearance in 2017 against the Tampa Bay Storm, winning 44–40.

The club was established in 2004 when a group, led by Jon Bon Jovi, secured the rights to an AFL franchise in Philadelphia. The AFL folded before the proposed 2009 season was to begin, but was purchased and revived in 2010. After two seasons of inactivity in 2009 and 2010, the Soul returned in 2011 headed by Ron Jaworski. Following the 2019 season, the AFL ceased operations again.
Riverbend Park (Florida)
Riverbend Park is a 680-acre (280 ha) park in the Jupiter Farms section of Jupiter, in Palm Beach County, Florida. The area includes the Riverbend Regional Park Historic District with Indian middens and a preserved battlefield from the Seminole War at the Loxahatchee River Battlefield Park adjacent to Riverbend.  The park includes 10 miles of hiking/biking trails, 7 miles of equestrian trails and 5 miles of canoeing/kayaking trails and includes a section of the Loxahatchee River, a National Wild and Scenic River. A Florida cracker farmstead is displayed, as well as a Seminole-style chickee for picnics.  The battlefield area was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2024.

Florida cracker
Florida crackers are the descendants of colonial-era British American pioneer settlers in what is now the U.S. state of Florida, and a subculture of White Southerners. The first crackers arrived in 1763 after Spain traded Florida to Great Britain following Britain's victory over France in the Seven Years' War, though much of traditional Florida cracker folk culture dates to the 19th century.
Valley Mill Farm
Valley Mill Farm, also known as Eddy's Mill, William Helm House, and Helm/Eddy House, is a historic home and farm located near Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia, USA. The house was built about 1820, and is a two-story, four-bay, Federal style dwelling with a gable roof. It has a 1+1⁄2-story wing dated to the mid-19th century.  Also on the property are a contributing former two-story mill (c. 1820, now veterinary office), a frame two-story tenant house (c. 1890), a storage shed, and the ruins of two small, unidentified buildings.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

Winchester, Virginia
Winchester is the northernmost independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. It is the county seat of Frederick County, although the two are separate jurisdictions. As of 2020 United States census, the city's population was 28,120. It is the principal city of the Winchester metropolitan area with a population of just over 145,000 extending into West Virginia, which is a part of the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. Winchester is home to Shenandoah University and the Museum of the Shenandoah Valley.
Oiti (village)
Oiti (Greek: Οίτη), formerly Gardikaki (Γαρδικάκι), is a village on Mount Oeta in Phthiotis, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality of Lamia, and of the municipal unit of Gorgopotamos. The nearby settlement of Skamnos also belongs to the community of Oiti. Population for the entire community was 99 in the 2021 census.

Phthiotis
Phthiotis (Greek: Φθιώτιδα, Fthiótida [fθi'otiða]; ancient Greek and Katharevousa: Φθιῶτις) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the administrative region of Central Greece. The capital is the city of Lamia.  It is bordered by the Malian Gulf to the east, Boeotia in the south, Phocis in the south, Aetolia-Acarnania in the southwest, Evrytania in the west, Karditsa regional unit in the north, Larissa regional unit in the north, and Magnesia in the northeast.  The name dates back to ancient times. It is best known as the home of Achilles.
Neustrelitz–Warnemünde railway
The Neustrelitz–Warnemünde Railway (German: Neustrelitz-Warnemünder Eisenbahn) is a railway line in the North German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Most of the line is a double-tracked, electrified main line and runs for almost 130 kilometres from Neustrelitz to Warnemünde. It is also known in German as the Lloydbahn (Lloyd Railway), referring to the Deutsch-Nordischer Lloyd company, which built the line and operated it in its early years after its opening in 1886.

Regional-Express
In Germany, Luxembourg, Austria and Slovakia,  the  Regional-Express (pronounced [ʁeɡi̯oˈnaːlʔɛksˌpʁɛs] ⓘ; RE, or in Austria and Slovakia: REX) is a type of regional train. It is similar to a semi-fast train, with a top speed of 160 km/h (100 mph) and an average speed of about 70–90 km/h (45–55 mph) as it calls at fewer stations than Regionalbahn (in Austria: Regionalzug) or S-Bahn trains, but stops more often than Intercity or Intercity Express services.
Sundargadi Odia
Sundargadi Odia (Odia: ସୁନ୍ଦରଗଡ଼ୀ ଓଡ଼ିଆ) or Northwestern Odia is a variety of the Odia language spoken in the Sundergarh district and parts of adjoining districts of Odisha. It is also spoken in the nearby districts of Jashpur of Chhattisgarh and Simdega of Jharkhand.

Simdega district
Simdega district is one of the 24 districts of Jharkhand state, India, and Simdega town is the administrative headquarters of this district. As of 2011, this district is the least densely populated district and the third least populous district of Jharkhand after Lohardaga and Khunti districts. Simdega District was carved out from erstwhile Gumla district on 30 April 2001. It is currently a part of the Red Corridor.
2007–08 Jordan League
The 2007–2008 Jordan League was the 56th season of Jordan Premier League, the top-flight league for Jordanian association football clubs. The championship was won by Al-Wehdat, while Al Ramtha and Al-Ahli were relegated. A total of 10 teams participated.

Al-Wehdat SC
Al-Wehdat Sports Club (Arabic: نادي الوحدات الرياضي) is a Jordanian sports club founded in 1956. Its football team competes in the Jordanian Pro League, the top flight of Jordanian football.

The club is based in and represents the Palestinian refugee camp Al-Wehdat in Amman. The football team's home games are played at King Abdullah II Stadium (cap. 13,265).
Lego Duplo
Lego Duplo (trademarked as DUPLO and stylised in the logo as duplo) is a core product range of the construction toy Lego by The Lego Group, designed for children from 1+1⁄2 to 5 years old. Duplo bricks are twice the size of traditional Lego bricks in each of their three dimensions, making them easier to handle and less likely to be swallowed and choked on by younger children. Despite their size, they are still compatible with traditional Lego bricks.

Initially launched in 1969, the Duplo range has expanded since then to include sets with figures, animals, cars, houses, and trains. Duplo products are manufactured in Nyíregyháza, Hungary.

Toy Retailers Association
The Toy Retailers Association (formerly British Association of Toy Retailers) is a trade association that represents its members in the UK & Ireland. It promotes the role of the toy retailer and the value of toys to the consumer. It represents about 75% of the toy trade. The directorate is based remotely in Bodmin, Cornwall.
Paul Wallot
Johann Paul Wallot (26 June 1841 Oppenheim am Rhein – 10 August 1912 Bad Schwalbach) was a German architect of Huguenot descent, best known for designing the Reichstag building in Berlin, erected between 1884 and 1894. He also built the adjacent Palace of the President of the Reichstag, finished in 1904, and the former Saxon Ständehaus state diet building of 1906 at Brühl's Terrace in Dresden.

SWR Fernsehen
SWR Fernsehen is a German regional television channel targeting the states of Baden-Württemberg and Rhineland-Palatinate. It is produced by Südwestrundfunk (SWR) and is one of eight regional "third channels" broadcast by the ARD members.
2008 Breeders' Cup Classic
The 2008 Breeders' Cup Classic was the 25th running of the Breeders' Cup Classic, part of the 2008 Breeders' Cup World Thoroughbred Championships program. It was run on October 25, 2008 at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California over a synthetic dirt surface.

Defending Horse of the Year Curlin was the odds-on favourite after winning several major races including the Dubai World Cup. However, he did not handle the track well and finished fourth, behind the American-bred but English-trained longshot Raven's Pass.

The Classic is run at a distance of one mile and one-quarter (approximately 2000 m) with a purse of $5,000,000. It is normally run on a dirt surface but in 2008 was run over synthetic dirt. It is run under weight-for-age conditions, with entrants carrying the following weights:

Northern Hemisphere three-year-olds: 122 lb

Southern Hemisphere three-year-olds: 117 lb

Four-year-olds and up: 126 lb

Arcadia, California
Arcadia is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, located about 13 miles (21 km) northeast of downtown Los Angeles in the San Gabriel Valley and at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains. It contains a series of adjacent parks consisting of the Santa Anita Park racetrack, the Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden, and Arcadia County Park. The city had a population of 56,681 at the 2020 census. The city is named after Arcadia, Greece.