hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
British Tar (1804 ship)
British Tar was probably launched in Spain, though possibly in the United States, in 1793. She appears to have come into British hands as a prize in 1802, but she does not appear in the British registers until 1804. In January 1806 British Tar, W. White, master, Pinson & Co., owner, was on a voyage from Labrador in British North America to a Mediterranean port during the War of the Third Coalition when a French Navy squadron captured and burned her in the Mediterranean Sea.

Labrador
Labrador (/ˈlæbrədɔːr/) is a geographic and cultural region within the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.  It is the primarily continental portion of the province and constitutes 71% of the province's area but is home to only 6% of its population. It is separated from the island of Newfoundland by the Strait of Belle Isle. It is the largest and northernmost geographical region in the four Atlantic provinces.

Labrador occupies most of the eastern part of the Labrador Peninsula. It is bordered to the west and south by the province of Quebec. Labrador also shares a small land border with the territory of Nunavut on Killiniq Island.

The indigenous peoples of Labrador include the Northern Inuit of Nunatsiavut, the Southern-Inuit of NunatuKavut, and the Innu of Nitassinan.
1990–91 2. Bundesliga
The 1990–91 2. Bundesliga season was the seventeenth season of the 2. Bundesliga, the second tier of the German football league system. It was the last season in which the league consisted of West German clubs only. From 1991–92 onwards clubs from the former East Germany joined the league.

FC Schalke 04, MSV Duisburg and Stuttgarter Kickers were promoted to the Bundesliga while Rot-Weiss Essen, Preußen Münster, TSV Havelse and FC Schweinfurt 05 were relegated to the Oberliga.

Rot-Weiss Essen
Rot-Weiss Essen is a German association football club based in Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia. The club plays in the 3. Liga, at the Stadion an der Hafenstraße.

The team won the DFB-Pokal in 1953, and the German championship in 1955. The latter success qualified them to the first season of the European Cup.
Caldwell Odd Fellow Home for the Aged
The Caldwell Odd Fellow Home for the Aged in Caldwell, Idaho was built in 1920.  It was designed by Tourtellotte & Hummel and built by C. E. Silbaugh with aspects of Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals architecture and Second Renaissance Revival architecture.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

It is a two-story stucco U-shaped building that is about 140 feet (43 m) wide and 45 feet (14 m) deep.

It was studied in a 1982 study of Tourtellotte and Hummel architecture.

The home no longer belongs to the Odd Fellows.

National Register of Historic Places architectural style categories
In the United States, the National Register of Historic Places classifies its listings by various types of architecture.  Listed properties often are given one or more of 40 standard architectural style classifications that appear in the National Register Information System (NRIS) database.   Other properties are given a custom architectural description with "vernacular" or other qualifiers, and others have no style classification.  Many National Register-listed properties do not fit into the several categories listed here, or they fit into more specialized subcategories.
Pseudomonas azotoformans
Pseudomonas azotoformans is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects cereal grains—especially rice. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. azotoformans has been placed in the P. fluorescens group. The bateria's biofilm gives it a significant protection against organic peroxyacids.

Peroxy acid
A peroxy acid (often spelled as one word, peroxyacid, and sometimes called peracid) is an acid which contains an acidic −OOH group.  The two main classes are those derived from conventional mineral acids, especially sulfuric acid, and the peroxy derivatives of organic carboxylic acids.  They are generally strong oxidizers.
Protanilla
Protanilla is a genus of subterranean ants in the subfamily Leptanillinae. Known from the Indomalayan realm, the genus contains about thirteen species. The genus was erected by Taylor (1990) for the type species P. rafflesi, described from workers from Peninsular Malaysia. Species in this genus have long and downcurved mandibles with peg-like tooth on the inner margins. Four species are known from China (P. bicolor, P. concolor, P. gengma and P. tibeta), one from Taiwan (P. lini), one from Sri Lanka (P. schoedli) and a couple from India (P. wardi, P. flamma).

Indomalayan realm
The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It extends across most of South and Southeast Asia and into the southern parts of East Asia.

Also called the Oriental realm by biogeographers, Indomalaya spreads all over the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia to lowland southern China, and through Indonesia as far as Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Borneo, east of which lies the Wallace line, the realm boundary named after Alfred Russel Wallace which separates Indomalaya from Australasia. Indomalaya also includes the Philippines, lowland Taiwan, and Japan's Ryukyu Islands.

Most of Indomalaya was originally covered by forest, and includes tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, with tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests predominant in much of India and parts of Southeast Asia. The tropical forests of Indomalaya are highly variable and diverse, with economically important trees, especially in the families Dipterocarpaceae, Ficus, and Fabaceae.
Valiant Lady (ship)
Valiant Lady is a cruise ship operated by Virgin Voyages. After she was ordered in October 2016 with Italian shipbuilder Fincantieri, her coin ceremony was held in February 2019 and she was floated out in May 2020 from the shipyard in Sestri Ponente. She was delivered to Virgin in July 2021 as the fleet's second vessel and sailed her maiden voyage in March 2022 from Portsmouth. At 110,000 GT and measuring 278 metres (912 ft) long for a capacity of 2,770 passengers, she was built with similar proportions to older sister ship Scarlet Lady.

Float-out
Float-out is the process in  shipbuilding that follows the keel laying and precedes the fitting-out process. It is analogous to launching a ship, a specific process that has largely been discontinued in modern shipbuilding. Both floating-out and launching are the times when the ship leaves dry land and becomes waterborne for the first time, and often take place during ceremonies celebrating and commemorating that event.
Minami-Hanna Road
Minami-Hanna Road (南阪奈道路, Minami-Hanna Dōro) is a national expressway in the Kinki region of Japan. It is owned and operated by West Nippon Expressway Company. The route is signed E91 under Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism's  "2016 Proposal for Realization of Expressway Numbering."

Kansai region
The Kansai region (関西地方, Kansai Chihō; [kaꜜɰ̃.sai, kaɰ̃.sai tɕiꜜ.hoː] ⓘ) (also known as the Kinki region (近畿地方, Kinki Chihō; Japanese pronunciation: [kʲiꜜŋ.ki, kʲiŋ.ki̥ tɕiꜜ.hoː])) is a region of Japan that lies in the southern-central portion of Japan's main island, Honshū. The region consists of the prefectures of Hyōgo, Kyoto, Mie, Nara, Osaka, Shiga, and Wakayama.  Additionally, the prefectures of Fukui, Tokushima and Tottori are sometimes associated with Kansai.

Kansai is the second-most populated region of Japan (after Kantō), and contains the metropolitan region of Osaka, Kobe and Kyoto (Keihanshin region), which is the second-most populated metropolitan region in Japan (after the Greater Tokyo Area).
Metropolitan Railway H Class
The Metropolitan Railway H Class consisted of eight 4-4-4T steam locomotives, numbered 103 to 110. They were built by Kerr, Stuart & Co of Stoke on Trent in 1920 at a cost of £11,575 each. A "notable addition" to the Metropolitan Railway, these locomotives were purchased for the express passenger trains on the mainline between Harrow (later Rickmansworth)—the change point from electric locomotives—and Aylesbury or Verney Junction.

Harrow-on-the-Hill station
Harrow-on-the-Hill is an interchange railway station in Harrow, served by suburban London Underground services on the Metropolitan line and commuter National Rail services on the London–Aylesbury line. It is 9 miles 18 chains (9.23 mi; 14.85 km) down the line from London Marylebone. Harrow-on-the-Hill is the final Metropolitan line station from Central London before the line splits with the main branch towards Watford, Chesham or Amersham and the diverged Uxbridge branch towards Uxbridge. It is in London fare zone 5.
Loch Lurgainn
Loch Lurgainn is a large remote and deep freshwater loch with a crescent shape with its concave side turned to the south. It is located in the Coigach peninsula in Lochbroom, Wester Ross. Loch Lurgainn is located 8 miles north of Ullapool and two miles south of Loch Sionascaig and is 3.5 miles southeast of Enard Bay. The scenic qualities of Coigach, along with neighbouring Assynt, have led to the area being designated as the Assynt-Coigach National Scenic Area, one of 40 such areas in Scotland. The main settlement in the area, located directly to the north-west is Achiltibuie.

Loch
Loch (/lɒx/ LOKH) is a word meaning "lake" or "sea inlet" in Scottish and Irish Gaelic, subsequently borrowed into English. In Irish contexts, it often appears in the anglicized form "lough". A small loch is sometimes called a lochan. Lochs which connect to the sea may be called "sea lochs" or "sea loughs".
Nepal Progressive Trade Union Federation
Nepal Progressive Trade Union Federation is a central trade union federation in Nepal. It is the labour wing of the Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist). NPTUF was formed on November 19, 2005, through the unification of the Nepal Trade Union Federation (trade union of Communist Party of Nepal (United)) and Nepal Trade Union Centre (trade union of Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist)). NPTUF is a constituent of the United Trade Union Movement Coordination Committee.

Sunil Manandhar is the president of NPTUF.

Communist Party of Nepal (United)
Communist Party of Nepal (United) (Nepali: नेपाल कम्यूनिष्ट पार्टी (संयुक्त)) is a political party in Nepal. It was founded in 2007, following a split in the Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist). Ghanashyam Bhusal serves as chairman while senior communist politician Chandra Dev Joshi remains the senior leader of the party.

In 2008 Nepal's first openly homosexual representative, Sunil Babu Pant was elected to the Constituent Assembly from the party list. The party crossed threshold votes to be representative in both constituent assembly elections.
Germa (Galatia)
Germa (Greek Γέρμα) or Germokoloneia (Γερμοκολώνεια, from Latin Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Germenorum) was an ancient and Byzantine city in the Roman province of Galatia Secunda. The Byzantine writer Theophanes informs us that at a later period Germa took the name of Myriangeli. The few archaeological remains lie close to present-day Babadat in Eskişehir Province, Turkey.

When between 25 and 20 BCE Augustus made Galatia a Roman province, he founded Germa as a Roman colony. The city was situated at the point where the road from Ancyra forked, one branch going to Dorylaeum, the other to Pessinus. From the time of Domitian it had a mint.

Eskişehir Province
Eskişehir Province (Turkish: Eskişehir ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality in northwestern Turkey. Its area is 13,960 km2, and its population is 906,617 (2022). Its adjacent provinces are Bilecik to the northwest, Kütahya to the west, Afyon to the southwest, Konya to the south, Ankara to the east, and Bolu to the north. The provincial capital is Eskişehir. Most of the province is laid down in Central Anatolia Region. Northern parts of Mihalıççık district and ones of Mihalgazi and Sarıcakaya are located in the Black Sea Region and one of them belong to the Aegean Region.

Eskişehir is an old and culturally developed province of Turkey. Eskişehir has 3 universities, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir Technical University and Anadolu University, which is the largest university in Turkey and which has some branch offices in Europe.
Nick Harrison (Shortland Street)
Nicholas John Harrison is a fictional character on the New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street who was portrayed by Karl Burnett from the show's second episode in 1992 to 2005, making him the original character to stay with the show the longest in one stint. The character, along with wife Waverley, returned for the show's 25th anniversary that aired on 25 May 2017.

Claire Chitham
Claire Chitham (born 12 July 1978, in Auckland) is a New Zealand television actress. Claire rose to fame as Waverley Harrison (née Wilson) in the New Zealand TV show Shortland Street, from 1994 to 1995 and 1997 to 2005 and Aurora Bay in Outrageous Fortune from 2006 to 2007.
Ishpeming Municipal Building
The Ishpeming Municipal Building is a public building located at 100 East Division Street in Ishpeming, Michigan. It is also known as Ishpeming City Hall. The building was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1980 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.

Ishpeming, Michigan
Ishpeming (/ˈɪʃpəmɪŋ/ ISH-pə-ming)  is a city in Marquette County, Michigan, United States. Located in the Upper Peninsula, the population was 6,140 at the 2020 census, less than it was in the 1950s and 1960s when the iron ore mines employed more workers. A statue of a Native American figure, erected in 1884 in the small town square, is referred to as Old Ish.

Ishpeming Township is located to the northwest of the city but is administratively autonomous. Ishpeming is considered the birthplace of organized skiing in the United States and is the home to the National Ski Hall of Fame. The city was also prominently featured in the 2010 documentary Catfish.

The name Ishpeming comes from Ojibwa  ishpiming 'above, in the air, on high'.
Sampling fraction
In sampling theory, the sampling fraction is the ratio of sample size to population size or, in the context of stratified sampling, the ratio of the sample size to the size of the stratum.
The formula for the sampling fraction is

where n is the sample size and N is the population size. A sampling fraction value close to 1 will occur if the sample size is relatively close to the population size. When sampling from a finite population without replacement, this may cause dependence between individual samples. To correct for this dependence when calculating the sample variance, a finite population correction (or finite population multiplier) of  may be used. If the sampling fraction is small, less than 0.05, then the sample variance is not appreciably affected by dependence, and the finite population correction may be ignored.

Simple random sample
In statistics, a simple random sample (or SRS) is a subset of individuals (a sample) chosen from a larger set (a population) in which a subset of individuals are chosen randomly, all with the same probability. It is a process of selecting a sample in a random way. In SRS, each subset of k individuals has the same probability of being chosen for the sample as any other subset of k individuals. Simple random sampling is a basic type of sampling and can be a component of other more complex sampling methods.
Aging out
Aging out is American popular culture vernacular used to describe any time a youth leaves a formal system of care designed to provide services below a certain age level. The age at which a child “ages out” of foster care in the United States varies by state, and is usually between the ages of 18 and 21. Foster youth can choose to participate in extended foster care or not.

There are a variety of applications of the phrase throughout the youth development field. In respect to foster care, aging out is the process of a youth transitioning from the formal control of the foster care system towards independent living. It is used to describe anytime a foster youth leaves the varying factors of foster care, including home, school and financial systems. The United States Citizenship and Immigration Services defines  "aging out"  as when a person  applies for lawful permanent resident (LPR) status as a child but turns 21 before being approved.

Youth
Youth is the time of life when one is young. The word, youth, can also mean the time between childhood and adulthood (maturity), but it can also refer to one's peak, in terms of health or the period of life known as being a young adult. Youth is also defined as "the appearance, freshness, vigor, spirit, etc., characteristic of one, who is young". Its definitions of a specific age range varies, as youth is not defined chronologically as a stage that can be tied to specific age ranges; nor can its end point be linked to specific activities, such as taking unpaid work, or having sexual relations.

Youth is an experience that may shape an individual's level of dependency, which can be marked in various ways according to different cultural perspectives. Personal experience is marked by an individual's cultural norms or traditions, while a youth's level of dependency means the extent to which they still rely on their family emotionally and economically.
De Valognes
de Valognes (Valoignes, Valoines, Valoins, Valons, Valeynes, Valeignes, Valens, Valence, Valance, Valang, Valoniis) is a family name of two distinct powerful families with notable descendants in the centuries immediately following the Norman Conquest. Although a connection between them has been inferred by some authorities, this is not supported by positive evidence.

The family descending from the Domesday ancestor Peter de Valognes is believed to have originated in Valognes (Valoniis in 1056 - 1066; Valuignes, Valoignes ab. 1175),  in the Cotentin peninsula in Normandy. The family descending from Hamo de Valoines of Parham may have originated from Valaines in the region of Rennes in Brittany.

Cotentin Peninsula
The Cotentin Peninsula (US: /ˌkoʊtɒ̃ˈtæ̃/, French: [kɔtɑ̃tɛ̃]; Norman: Cotentîn [kotɑ̃ˈtẽ] ⓘ), also known as the Cherbourg Peninsula, is a peninsula in Normandy that forms part of the northwest coast of France.  It extends north-westward into the English Channel, towards Great Britain. To its west lie the Gulf of Saint-Malo and the Channel Islands, and to the southwest lies the peninsula of Brittany.

The peninsula lies wholly within the department of Manche, in the region of Normandy.
Herbert Hicks
Herbert S. Hicks (born 1872) was an American lawyer and state legislator in Illinois. He was a Republican and served in the Illinois House of Representatives and Illinois Senate.

He was born in Rockford, Illinois. He graduated from Illinois State Normal University and Stanford University.

He was elected to the Illinois House before being elected to the Illinois Senate in 1920 and 1924. He proposed legislation for the purchase of property for a state park in Ogle County. He served on the prosecution team for the Scopes Trial.

Illinois State University
Illinois State University (ISU) is a public research university in Normal, Illinois, United States. It was founded in 1857 as Illinois State Normal University and is the oldest public university in Illinois. It operates additional facilities in its twin city, Bloomington, and in Springfield.

The university emphasizes teaching and is recognized as one of the top ten largest producers of teachers in the US according to the American Association of Colleges of Teacher Education. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". The university's athletic teams are members of the Missouri Valley Conference and the Missouri Valley Football Conference and are known as the "Redbirds," in reference to the state bird, the cardinal.
Descoteaux
Descoteaux is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bernard Descôteaux (born 1947), Canadian journalist

Joseph-Félix Descôteaux (1863–1931), Canadian politician

Matthieu Descoteaux (born 1977), Canadian ice hockey player

Norm Descoteaux (born 1948), Canadian ice hockey player

Pierre Descoteaux (born 1952), Canadian lawyer and politician

Joseph-Félix Descôteaux
Joseph-Félix Descôteaux (March 17, 1863 – July 13, 1931) was a farmer and political figure in Quebec. He represented Nicolet in the House of Commons of Canada from 1923 to 1930 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Sainte-Monique, Canada East, the son of Félix Descoteaux and Marie-Thérèse Manseau. He was educated at the commercial college in Sainte-Anne d'Yamachiche. Descôteaux was president of the agricultural society for Nicolet County and a director of the Société Coopérative de Québec. He was mayor of Sainte-Monique for six years. Descôteaux was married twice: to Parmélie Manseau in 1892 and Maria Denis in 1901.
Clute, Ontario
Clute is a dispersed rural community and unincorporated place in the town of Cochrane, in Cochrane District, Ontario, Canada. It is also the name of a geographic township in Cochrane District, at the northeastern corner of which the community lies. An irregularly-shaped eastern part of the geographic township lies in the town of Cochrane following an amalgamation after 1996; the rest, the majority of the township, lies in the Unorganized North Part of Cochrane District.

The community is on Ontario Highway 579. A railway station, also in the town of Cochrane but in nearby geographic Blount Township and on the Abitibi River, is served by Ontario Northland Railway Polar Bear Express passenger trains.

Township (Canada)
The term township, in Canada, is generally a district or area associated with a town or other locality. The specific use of the term to describe political subdivisions has varied across the country, usually to describe a local rural or semirural government.

In Eastern Canada, a township is one form of the subdivision of a county. In Quebec, the term is canton in French.
Mary Alice Powell Lindsay
Mary Alice Powell Lindsay (April 15, 1883 – February 12, 1979) became the first registered nurse in Utah, United States. She studied at the LDS College, the Relief Society Home Nursing program, the Hospital Nurses Training School in Battle Creek, Michigan, and the University of Utah. She was a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), participated in the Young Women Mutual Improvement Association (YWMIA), and volunteered for the Boy Scouts of America. She also helped organize a maternity hospital and health conferences in the state of Utah. She was an active member of the local Relief Society in the LDS Church.

Battle Creek, Michigan
Battle Creek is a city in northwestern Calhoun County, Michigan, United States, at the confluence of the Kalamazoo and Battle Creek rivers. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 52,731. It is the principal city of the Battle Creek metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses all of Calhoun County. Nicknamed "Cereal City", it is best known as the home of WK Kellogg Co and the founding city of Post Consumer Brands. In Battle Creek, the Kellogg brothers invented the first cereal by accident in an attempt to make granola.
The Banger
"The Banger" is a single by Nigerian recording artist Runtown, featuring vocals from South African music group Uhuru. It was released as a single off his debut studio album titled Ghetto University on 9 December 2014 through Eric-Manny Entertainment and went on to become a club favorite after receiving numerous airplay and positive reviews.

Runtown
Douglas Jack Agu Listenⓘ (born 19 August 1989), known by his stage name Runtown, is a Nigerian singer, songwriter, and producer. His music blends Afrobeats, hip-hop, R&B, and reggae. He first gained recognition after releasing the 2014 single "Gallardo", which features vocals by Davido. His 2016 single "Mad Over You" peaked at number 38 on the Billboard Twitter Top Tracks chart.