hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lotte Meitner-Graf
Lotte Meitner-Graf (1899–1973, born as Charlotte Graf), was a noted Austrian black-and-white portrait photographer. She was married to physicist Lise Meitner's brother Walter (1891–1961).

Meitner-Graf moved to England with her family in 1937, opening her own studio at 23 Old Bond Street in London in 1953. Frisch, in his Times obituary, noted that there "can be few educated people who have not seen one of Lotte Meitner-Graf’s photographic portraits, either on a book jacket (for instance, Bertrand Russell’s autobiography, or Antony Hopkins’s Music All Around Me) or on a record sleeve or concert programme."

She photographed Albert Schweitzer, musicians Marion Anderson, Otto Klemperer and Yehudi Menuhin; actors John Gielgud and Danny Kaye; and scientists Lord Blackett, William Lawrence Bragg, Dorothy Hodgkin, and Max Perutz,

Antony Hopkins
Antony Hopkins CBE (born Ernest William Antony Reynolds; 21 March 1921 – 6 May 2014) was a composer, pianist, and conductor, as well as a writer and radio broadcaster. He was widely known for his books of musical analysis and for his radio programmes Talking About Music, broadcast by the BBC from 1954 to 1992, first on the Third Programme, later Radio 3, and then on Radio 4.
William Fawcett (British Army officer)
General Sir William Fawcett KB PC (1727 – 1804) was a British Army officer who served as Adjutant-General to the Forces from 1781 to 1799. During this period Fawcett was the highest authority in the British army, and the most influential officer on the headquarters staff.

General (United Kingdom)
General (or full general to distinguish it from the lower general officer ranks) is the highest rank achievable by serving officers of the British Army and the Royal Marines.  The rank can also be held by Royal Marines officers in tri-service posts, for example, Generals Sir Gordon Messenger and Sir Gwyn Jenkins, former Vice-Chiefs of the Defence Staff. It ranks above lieutenant-general and, in the Army, is subordinate to the rank of field marshal, which is now awarded as an honorary rank only.  The rank of general has a NATO-code of OF-9, and is a four-star rank.  It is equivalent to a full admiral in the Royal Navy or an air chief marshal in the Royal Air Force.

Officers holding the ranks of general, lieutenant-general and major-general are 'general officers' and may be addressed as 'general'.
Ulf Grenander
Ulf Grenander (23 July 1923 – 12 May 2016) was a Swedish statistician and professor of applied mathematics at Brown University.

His early research was in probability theory, stochastic processes, time series analysis, and statistical theory (particularly the order-constrained estimation of cumulative distribution functions using his sieve estimator). In recent decades, Grenander contributed to computational statistics, image processing, pattern recognition, and artificial intelligence. He coined the term pattern theory to distinguish from pattern recognition.

Applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, social science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models.

In the past, practical applications have motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics.
Lefkochori, Arcadia
Lefkochori (Greek: Λευκοχώρι) is a mountain village and community in the municipal unit of Lagkadia in the municipality of Gortynia, in Arcadia, southern Greece. It is 5 km west of the village Lagkadia. It is considered a traditional settlement.

Arcadia (regional unit)
Arcadia (Greek: Αρκαδία, romanized: Arkadía Modern Greek: [ɐr.kɐˈði.ɐ]) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the administrative region of Peloponnese. It is in the central and eastern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. It takes its name from the mythological figure Arcas. In Greek mythology, it was the home of the god Pan.
Digital coupon
Digital coupons (also known as e-coupons, e-clips or clipped deals) are the digital analogue of paper coupons which are used to provide customers with discounts or gifts in order to attract the purchase of some products. Mostly, grocery and drug stores offer e-coupon services in loyalty program events. Even though there are still traditional coupons for daily must-have items such as diapers, detergents and toothpaste, e-coupons are actively issued in services like amusement parks, performances, restaurants and travel agencies.

Toothpaste
Toothpaste is a paste or gel dentifrice that is used with a toothbrush to clean and maintain the aesthetics of teeth. Toothpaste is used to promote oral hygiene: it is an abrasive that aids in removing dental plaque and food from the teeth, assists in suppressing halitosis, and delivers active ingredients (most commonly fluoride) to help prevent tooth decay (dental caries) and gum disease (gingivitis). Due to variations in composition and fluoride content, not all toothpastes are equally effective in maintaining oral health. The decline of tooth decay during the 20th century has been attributed to the introduction and regular use of fluoride-containing toothpastes worldwide. Large amounts of swallowed toothpaste can be poisonous. Common colors for toothpaste include white (sometimes with colored stripes or green tint) and blue.
Cyphus
Cyphus or Kyphos (Ancient Greek: Κύφος) was a town of Perrhaebia in ancient Thessaly, which, according to Homer's Catalogue of Ships in the Iliad, supplied 22 ships for the Trojan War. It is placed by Strabo at the foot of Mount Olympus. According to Stephanus of Byzantium, there were two cities of the name of Cyphus, one mentioned by Homer, and the other by Lycophron; but in this he appears to have been mistaken.

Perrhaebia
Perrhaebia (Greek: Περραιβία) was the northernmost district of ancient Thessaly, where the tribe of the Perrhaebi lived. Major cities were: Pythion, Doliche, Azorus, Oloosson and Phalanna the capital. Perrhaebia was part of Macedonia between the 4th and 1st centuries BC.
2018 ACT Clay Court International – Singles
Eri Hozumi was the defending champion, having won the previous edition in 2016, however she lost in the second round to Shérazad Reix.

Dalila Jakupović won the title after defeating Destanee Aiava 6–4, 6–4 in the final.

Shérazad Reix
Shérazad Reix (née Benamar; born 3 April 1989) is a French former tennis player. She has career-high WTA rankings of 204 in singles and 219 in doubles. In her career, she won seven singles and ten doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.
Oleksandra Matviichuk
Oleksandra Viacheslavivna Matviichuk (Ukrainian: Олександра В’ячеславівна Матвійчук; born 8 October 1983 in Kyiv) is a Ukrainian human rights lawyer and civil society leader based in Kyiv. She heads the non-profit organization Centre for Civil Liberties (Nobel Peace Prize receiver in 2022) and is a campaigner for democratic reforms in her country and the OSCE region. Since October 2022, she has been Vice-President of the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH). Matviichuk is a member of the Steering Committee of the World Movement for Democracy, a project of the National Endowment for Democracy (NED).

International Federation for Human Rights
The International Federation for Human Rights (French: Fédération internationale pour les droits humains, FIDH) is a non-governmental federation for human rights organizations. Founded in 1922, FIDH is the third oldest international human rights organization worldwide after Anti-Slavery International and Save the Children. As of 2025, the organization is made up of a federation of 196 organizations from 115 countries.

FIDH is nonpartisan, nonsectarian, and non-governmental. Its core mandate is to promote respect for all the rights set out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

FIDH coordinates and supports collaborations with intergovernmental organizations.
Chilorio
Chilorio is a pork dish from the Mexican state of Sinaloa. Chilorio is generally made from pork fried in chili sauce.

In making chilorio, pork is slow-simmered for hours until it falls apart. It is then broken into bite size pieces, fried in lard, and cooked in a chile sauce made from re-hydrated dried chiles. The sauce is usually flavored with onions, cumin and garlic.

Cumin
Cumin (/ˈkʌmɪn/ ⓘ, /ˈkjuːmɪn/ ⓘ; US also /ˈkuːmɪn/ ⓘ; Cuminum cyminum) is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, native to the Irano-Turanian Region. Its seeds – each one contained within a fruit, which is dried – are used in the cuisines of many cultures in both whole and ground form. Although cumin is used in traditional medicine, there is no high-quality evidence that it is safe or effective as a therapeutic agent.
USS Cotinga (AMc-43)
USS Cotinga (AMc-43), a U.S. Navy Accentor-class coastal minesweeper built for the U.S. Navy for service in World War II, was named after the cotinga, a passerine bird of South America and Central America.

Cotinga was launched 25 March 1941 by Gibbs Gas Engine Co., Jacksonville, Florida, and commissioned 14 June 1941 at Norfolk, Virginia.

Cotinga
The cotingas are a large family, Cotingidae, of suboscine passerine birds found in Central America and tropical South America. Cotingas are birds of forests or forest edges, that are primary frugivorous. They all have broad bills with hooked tips, rounded wings, and strong legs. They range in size from 12–13 cm (4.7–5.1 in) of the fiery-throated fruiteater (Pipreola chlorolepidota) up to 48–51 cm (19–20 in) of the Amazonian umbrellabird (Cephalopterus ornatus).
Kyzyl-Kyya
Kyzyl-Kyya, also spelt Kyzyl-Kyia (Kyrgyz: Кызыл-Кыя, IPA: [qɯzɯ́ɫ qɯjɑ́]) and Kyzyl-Kiya (Russian: Кызыл-Кия, IPA: [kɨˈzɨɫ kʲɪˈja]), is a city in Batken Region, in southwestern Kyrgyzstan. It is a city of regional significance, not part of a district, and consists of the town proper and the villages Karavan, Ak-Bulak and Jin-Jigen. Its area is 78 square kilometres (30 sq mi), and its resident population was 56,819 in 2021 (both including the villages Karavan, Ak-Bulak and Jin-Jigen). It is situated on the southern edge of the Fergana Valley, 32 km southeast of Fergana, and 65 km southwest of Osh. The town is one of the oldest centers of the coal mining industry in Kyrgyzstan.

Fergana
Fergana (/fɜːrˈɡɑːnə/;
Uzbek: Fargʻona, pronounced [farʁɒˈna]) is a district-level city and the capital of Fergana Region in eastern Uzbekistan. Fergana is about 320 km (200 mi) east of Tashkent, about 75 km southwest of Andijan, and less than 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the Kyrgyzstan border. The modern city was founded in 1876.
Hornby, New Zealand
Hornby is a residential and retail suburb at the western edge of Christchurch, New Zealand. The suburb is directly connected to other parts of Christchurch and the South Island by a number of main arterial routes, including State Highway 1 and the Christchurch Southern Motorway.

New Zealand census
The New Zealand Census of Population and Dwellings (Māori: Te Tatauranga o ngā Tāngata Huri Noa i Aotearoa me ō rātou Whare Noho) is a national population and housing census conducted by Statistics New Zealand, a government department, every five years. There have been 34 censuses since 1851. In addition to providing detailed information about national demographics, the results of the census play an important part in the calculation of resource allocation to local service providers.

The 2023 census held on 7 March 2023 was the most recent, with the results being released from 29 May 2024 to August 2025.
2014 Anning Open
The 2014 Anning Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the third edition for men and first edition for women, of the tournament which is part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2014 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Anning, China between 28 April and 3 May 2014.

Wang Chuhan
Wang Chuhan (Chinese: 王楚涵; pinyin: Wáng Chǔhán; Mandarin pronunciation: [wǎŋ ʈʂʰù xǎn]; born 24 February 1992 in Dalian) is a Chinese former tennis player.

As a junior, Wang peaked at a career high of world No. 24. He played in the junior Australian and French Open but did not perform significantly.

Wang represents his native country China in Davis Cup matches and has a record of 0– in singles matches. 1

Wang has a career high ATP singles ranking of 377 achieved on 9 February 2015. He received a wildcard entry into the main draw of the 2014 Shanghai Rolex Masters, where he made his ATP Tour match debut and made the most of it. In the first round, he defeated the 15th seed Fabio Fognini of Italy  7–6(7–5(, 6–4 which was a huge upset. He fell in the second round to Tunisia's Malek Jaziri in straight sets 0–6, 4–6.
Lautaro Formation
The Lautaro Formation is sedimentary and fossiliferous geological formation that largely crops out near Copiapó (Atacama Region), Chile. It is dated back to the Jurassic period (Toarcian through Aalenian stages). The lithology of the formation comprises limestone and sandstone, formed in marine settings. The Lautaro Formation preserves a marine fossil record, representing molluscs (bivalves, gastropods) and marine reptiles (metriorhynchids, plesiosaurs).

The strata of the Lautaro Formation and its basin of deposition (the Lautaro Basin) have been subject to intense tectonic movement during the Mesozoic, producing large-scale stratigraphic discontinuity and tectonic inversion.

Toarcian
The Toarcian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, an age and stage in the Early or Lower Jurassic. It spans the time between 184.2 Ma (million years ago) and 174.7 ±0.8 Ma.  It follows the Pliensbachian and is followed by the Aalenian.

The Toarcian Age began with the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event, a major anoxic event associated with marine extinctions and increased global temperatures  that sets its fossil faunas apart from the previous Pliensbachian age. It is believed to have ended with a global cooling event known as the Comptum Cooling Event, although whether it represented a worldwide event is controversial.
Cedillo (surname)
Cedillo is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ángel Cedillo Hernández (born 1960), Mexican politician

Enrique Cedillo (born 1996), Mexican professional footballer

Gil Cedillo (born 1954), American politician

Jaime Serrano Cedillo (1967–2012), deputy of Nezahualcóyotl, Mexico

Julio Cesar Cedillo (born 1970), Mexican-American actor

María Marcos Cedillo Salas, Mexican pilot

Mónica Banegas Cedillo (born 1977), Ecuadorian politician

Saturnino Cedillo (1890–1939), Mexican politician

Jaime Serrano Cedillo
Jaime Serrano Cedillo (1967 – 16 September 2012) was a Mexican politician who belonged to the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).
At the time of his death, he was serving in the Congress of the State of Mexico representing Nezahualcóyotl, State of Mexico.

He was assassinated on the afternoon of 16 September 2012, reportedly by his wife, inside his home in Nezahualcóyotl. Serrano Cedillo's assassination came just two days after the slaying of Eduardo Castro Luque, a state deputy in Sonora and also a member of the PRI. Unlike other political assassinations in Mexico, Serrano Cedillo's death did not bear the signs of organized crime, and was a result of "a series of deep" marital problems.
Strymba
Strymba (Ukrainian: Стримба; Romanian: Strîmba) is a village located in Nadvirna Raion in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast in western Ukraine. It belongs to Nadvirna urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

From the mid-14th century until 1772 (see Partitions of Poland) the village was part of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1772, it was annexed by the Habsburg Empire, and remained in the province of Galicia until late 1918.  In the inter-war years, the borders changed and the town became part of the Second Polish Republic. Following the 1939 Invasion of Poland, it was annexed into the Ukrainian SSR (see also Molotov–Ribbentrop pact). The village was occupied by the Germans in 1941 during World War II. After the war it was once again absorbed into the Ukrainian SSR. Since its independence in 1991, the village has been part of Ukraine.

Nadvirna urban hromada
Nadvirna urban territorial hromada (Ukrainian: Надвірнянська міськатериторіальна громада, romanized: Nadvirnianska miska terytorialna hromada) is a hromada in Ukraine, located within the western Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast's Nadvirna Raion. Its administrative centre is the city of Nadvirna.

The hromada has an area of 190.8 km2 (73.7 sq mi). It also has a population of 43,065 (as of 2023).
Porlock Bay
Porlock Bay is on the Bristol Channel, between Hurlstone Point and Porlock Weir in Somerset, England.

The coastline includes shingle ridges, salt marshes and a submerged forest. In 1052 the Saxon king, Harold, landed at Porlock Bay from Ireland, and burnt the town before marching on London.

Much of the coastline is under the care of the National Trust, and the coastline forms part of the South West Coast Path.

Bristol Channel
The Bristol Channel (Welsh: Môr Hafren, lit. 'Severn Sea') is a major inlet in the island of Great Britain, separating South Wales (from Pembrokeshire to the Vale of Glamorgan) and South West England (from Devon to North Somerset). It extends from the smaller Severn Estuary of the River Severn (Welsh: Afon Hafren) to the North Atlantic Ocean. It takes its name from the English city and port of Bristol.

Long stretches of both sides of the coastline are designated as Heritage Coast. These include Exmoor, Bideford Bay, the Hartland Point peninsula, Lundy Island, Glamorgan, Gower Peninsula, Carmarthenshire, South Pembrokeshire and Caldey Island.

Until Tudor times the Bristol Channel was known as the Severn Sea, and it is still known as this in both Welsh: Môr Hafren and Cornish: Mor Havren.
Siege of Krupa
The siege of Krupa (Croatian: Opsada Krupe) was fought on 3–23 June 1565 between the Ottoman forces of Mustafa Pasha Sokolović, sanjakbey of Bosnia, and the Germanic and Croatian forces led by Matija Bakić. The siege was a part of the Croatian–Ottoman wars and Ottoman–Habsburg wars between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg monarchy.

Croatian–Ottoman wars
Croatian–Ottoman Wars (Turkish: Osmanlı-Hırvatistan Savaşları, Croatian: Hrvatsko-osmanski ratovi) can refer to one of the several conflicts between the Kingdom of Croatia (as part of Kingdom of Hungary-Croatia and Habsburg Monarchy) and the Ottoman Empire:

Long Campaign (1443–1444) of the King Vladislaus II of Hungary

Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War, War for Croatia - a period of near constant mostly low-intensity warfare ("Small War") approximately 1493–1593 (from the Battle of Krbava Field to the Battle of Sisak)

Long War (1593–1606)

Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664)

Great Turkish War (1683–1699)

Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718)

Austro-Turkish War (1787–1791)

The Kingdom of Croatia-Hungary gradually lost most of its territory on the eastern Adriatic coast to the Ottomans, leaving only the possessions of the Republic of Venice in Dalmatia, for whom the Croats took part in the Ottoman–Venetian Wars. Of particular note for the history of Dalmatia was the Morean War.
Stoke, Hayling Island
Stoke is a village on Hayling Island in the Havant district, in the county of Hampshire, England. The village lies on the Havant A3023 road between North Hayling and South Hayling. The village is closest to Langstone Harbour, opposite the city of Portsmouth.

Langstone Harbour
Langstone Harbour is a 2,085.4-hectare (5,153-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Hampshire. It is an inlet of the English Channel in Hampshire, sandwiched between Portsea Island to the south and west, Hayling Island to the south and east, and Langstone to the north. It is part of the Ramsar site of Langstone and Chichester Harbour Special Protection Area and Nature Conservation Review site. Parts are Special Areas of Conservation, or Local Nature Reserves, and some areas by the Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust.

Historically, the harbour has been used for salt and sand production, as well as fishing and latterly leisure boating. A ferry across the mouth of the harbour has been in operation for more than 200 years.
2008 Liga Indonesia Premier Division final
The 2008 Liga Indonesia Premier Division final was a football match which was played on 10 February 2008 at Si Jalak Harupat Stadium in Bandung. The match was supposed to take place on 9 February 2008 in Jakarta. However, due to fan riots in one of the semifinal matches, the match was postponed by a day and moved to Bandung to be played behind closed doors. Neither PSMS and Sriwijaya had made the final stage before. Sriwijaya won the match, defeating PSMS 3–1 in extra time, after the match was drawn at 1–1 at the conclusion of regular time.

Si Jalak Harupat Stadium
Si Jalak Harupat Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium located in Kutawaringin Subdistrict, Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia. It is currently used for association football matches and was used for the 2018 Asian Games men's football tournament.

The stadium is the home ground of Persikab Kabupaten Bandung. Since 2009, Persib Bandung started playing home matches here. The stadium holds 27,000 people.
Thawan Thamrongnawasawat
Thawan Thamrongnawasawat (also spelt Thawal Thamrongnavaswadhi or Thawal Thamrongnavasawat; Thai: ถวัลย์ ธำรงนาวาสวัสดิ์, IPA: [tʰà.wǎn tʰam.roŋ.naː.waː.sà.wàt]; Chinese: 郑连淡; pinyin: Zhèng Liándàn; 21 November 1901 – 3 December 1988), also known by his noble title as Luang Thamrongnawasawat, was the eighth Prime Minister of Thailand from 1946–1947. Before becoming a politician, he was a naval officer, holding the rank of rear admiral.

Thai nobility
The Thai nobility was a social class comprising titled officials (khunnang, Thai: ขุนนาง) in the service of the monarchy. They formed part of a hierarchical social system which developed from the time of the Ayutthaya Kingdom (14th century – 1767), through the Thonburi (1767–1782) and early Rattanakosin (1782 onwards) periods. Reforms by King Chulalongkorn ended the system around the end of the 19th century, though noble titles continued to be granted until the abolition of absolute monarchy in 1932.

Thai noble titles comprise a rank and a title, which denote the holder's post or office. Unlike in European aristocracies, Thai noble titles were not inherited, but individually granted based on personal merit. Nevertheless, familial influence was substantial, and some families were able to accumulate large amounts of wealth and power, especially during the 17th to 19th centuries.
Kotri Junction railway station
Kotri Junction Railway Station (Urdu: کوٹری جنکشن ریلوے اسٹیشن, Sindhi: ڪوٽڙي جنکشن ريلوي اسٽيشن) of Pakistan Railways is located in Kotri city, Jamshoro district of Sindh province, Pakistan. The station is on the Karachi–Peshawar and Kotri–Attock railway lines.

Jamshoro District
Jamshoro District (Sindhi: ضلعو ڄام شورو, Urdu: ضلع جامشورو) is a district of Sindh province, Pakistan. Jamshoro city is the capital while Kotri is the largest city of the Jamshoro District. The district borders Dadu district to the north. To the east, the Indus separates it from Shaheed Benazirabad, Matiari and Hyderabad districts. Thatta district lies to the south, and Karachi district to the southwest.  To the west is the Kirthar Range that mark the boundary between Pakistan's provinces of Balochistan and Sindh, separating Jamshoro from Hub district of Balochistan.

Jamshoro District was split from Dadu District on 14 December 2004. It is situated on the west bank of River Indus.