hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saint-Paul-lès-Durance
Saint-Paul-lès-Durance (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ pɔl lɛ dyʁɑ̃s], literally Saint-Paul near Durance; also spelled Saint-Paul-lez-Durance; Provençal: Sant Pau de Durença) is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in Provence, southern France.

The Cadarache research center for nuclear energy is located in Saint-Paul-lès-Durance and next to it the international nuclear fusion research and engineering megaproject ITER one of the most expensive buildings ever built and the largest scientific research collaboration in history.

The town was established in the 10th century and has around 1,000 inhabitants, a school, a church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Aix, a 15th-century château, and a little shopping center.

Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter.

Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the atom as a whole, including its electrons.

Discoveries in nuclear physics have led to applications in many fields such as nuclear power, nuclear weapons, nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging, industrial and agricultural isotopes, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating in geology and archaeology. Such applications are studied in the field of nuclear engineering.

Particle physics evolved out of nuclear physics and the two fields are typically taught in close association. Nuclear astrophysics, the application of nuclear physics to astrophysics, is crucial in explaining the inner workings of stars and the origin of the chemical elements.
Biographies of Johann Sebastian Bach
The first major biographies of Johann Sebastian Bach, including those by Johann Nikolaus Forkel and Philipp Spitta, were published in the 19th century. Many more were published in the 20th century by, among others, Albert Schweitzer, Charles Sanford Terry, Christoph Wolff and Klaus Eidam.

Werner Neumann (musicologist)
Werner Neumann (21 January 1905, Königstein – 24 April 1991, Leipzig) was a German musicologist. He founded the Bach-Archiv Leipzig on 20 November 1950 and was a principal editor of the Neue Bach-Ausgabe, the second edition of the complete works of Johann Sebastian Bach.
Rodolfo Siviero
Rodolfo Siviero (24 December 1911 – 1983) was an Italian secret agent, art historian and intellectual, most notable for his important work in recovering artworks stolen from Italy during the Second World War as part of the 'Nazi plunder'.

Nazi plunder
Nazi authorities systematically plundered art and valuables from occupied European countries. Jewish property was looted beginning in 1933 in Germany and was a key part of the Holocaust. Nazis also plundered occupied countries, sometimes with direct seizures, and sometimes under the guise of protecting art through Kunstschutz units. In addition to gold, silver, and currency, cultural items of great significance were stolen, including paintings, ceramics, books, and religious treasures.

Many of the artworks looted by the Nazis were recovered by the Allies' Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives program (MFAA, also known as the Monuments Men and Women), following the war; however many of them are still missing or were returned to countries but not to their original owners. An international effort to identify Nazi plunder which still remains unaccounted for is underway, with the ultimate aim of returning the items to their rightful owners, their families, or their respective countries.
Dtlogin
dtlogin is a display manager for the X Window System. It is typically found on Unix and Unix-like computer systems running The Open Group's Common Desktop Environment (CDE) desktop environment. It allows users to log into a local system; it can also handle remote XDMCP requests.

This is still the default display manager for Solaris 10 even though CDE is no longer the default desktop environment, having been replaced by the Java Desktop System, a modification of GNOME. It can also start other environments like KDE, Xfce or Window Maker.

Xfce
Xfce (pronounced as four individual letters, /ɛks ɛf siː iː/) is a free and open-source desktop environment for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems.

Xfce aims to be fast and lightweight while still visually appealing and easy to use. The desktop environment is designed to embody the traditional Unix philosophy of modularity and re-usability, as well as adherence to standards; specifically, those defined at freedesktop.org.
Law Draftsman
The Law Draftsman (Chinese: 法律草擬專員) is the head of the Law Drafting Division (Chinese: 法律草擬科) of the Department of Justice in Hong Kong, which is responsible for drafting all primary and secondary legislation proposed by the government. The law draftsman is one of six Law Officers in the government.

Department of Justice (Hong Kong)
The Department of Justice (DoJ) is the department responsible for legal policy, the administration of justice, drafting legislation, and providing legal advice to the government in Hong Kong. It is headed by the Secretary for Justice, who reports to the Chief Executive directly. Paul Lam, a barrister, has served as Secretary for Justice since July 2022.

Before 1997, the names of the department and the position was the Legal Department (律政署) and Attorney General (律政司) respectively. The Department of Justice provides legal advice to other departments in the government system, “drafts government bills, makes prosecution decisions, and promotes the rule of law”.
People's Liberation Music
The Peoples' Liberation Music (PLM) was a British political music group, playing folk and agit-pop, founded in 1972 by Laurie Scott Baker, John Marcangelo and John Tilbury. After Tilbury left in 1973 Cornelius Cardew and Keith Rowe joined with Vicky Silva as the main vocalist. Other members included Hugh Shrapnel, and Dave Smith; among its many drummers were Pip Pyle, John Mitchell, Tony Hicks and John Hewitt. After the group was dissolved in 1978 it was reformed as the band of the Progressive Cultural Association (PCA).

The album We Only Want The Earth (Musicnow – MNCDx004) was released in 2001.

Agitpop
Agitpop is an art punk band from Poughkeepsie, New York. The band was formed in 1981 and began touring widely in 1983. They released four records on the Comm3, Twintone, and Rough Trade labels. Agitpop's popularity was established mainly by college radio stations, musicians, artists, and hardcore audiophiles.
Pseudocandona
Pseudocandona is a genus of ostracods in the family Candonidae, containing the following species:

Pseudocandona agostinhoi Higuti & Martens, 2014

Pseudocandona atmeta Smith & Kamiya, 2015

Pseudocandona cillisi Higuti & Martens, 2014

Pseudocandona claudinae Higuti & Martens, 2014

Candonidae
Candonidae is a family of ostracods, containing around 25% of all known species of freshwater ostracods. Around 75% of genera in the family are endemic to a single zoogeographic region. It contains more than 500 species, of which more than 300 are endemic to the Palearctic realm.

Cyclocypridinae are generally good swimmers, but Candoninae is unable to swim.

Paracypridinae lives in marine and brackish waters, although a few can live in freshwater.
2022 Bendigo International – Men's doubles
Nikola Ćaćić and Denys Molchanov were the defending champions but chose not to participate.

Ruben Bemelmans and Daniel Masur won the title after defeating Enzo Couacaud and Blaž Rola 7–6(7–2), 6–4 in the final.

Ruben Bemelmans
Ruben Bemelmans (Flemish pronunciation: [ˈrybə(m) ˈbeːməlmɑns]; born 14 January 1988) is a Belgian coach and a former professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP ranking of world No. 84 in singles, achieved on 28 September 2015, and world No. 128 in doubles, achieved on 1 October 2012. Bemelmans competed mainly on the ATP Challenger Tour.
First Matrika Prasad Koirala cabinet
Matrika Prasad Koirala formed the first government of Nepal by a commoner after he was appointed as the prime minister by King Tribhuvan. The government was formed after the previous government under Mohan SJB Rana fell after Nepali Congress ministers resigned. King Tribhuvan made a royal proclamation on 16 November 1951 and invited Matrika Prasad Koirala from the Nepali Congress to form the government.

Matrika Prasad Koirala resigned on 14 August 1952 after dissent in the Nepali Congress against his working methods and was replaced by the direct rule of King Tribhuvan and his advisors.

Matrika Prasad Koirala
Matrika Prasad Koirala (Nepali: मातृका प्रसाद कोइराला Listenⓘ; 1 January 1912 – 11 September 1997) was the Prime Minister of Nepal for two separate terms from 16 November 1951 to 14 August 1952 and again from 15 June 1953 to 11 April 1955.
Ducati Aurea
The Ducati 125 Aurea is a Ducati motorcycle made from 1958 to 1962; it was only superficially different from the Bronco of 1960 to 1966.

The process that produced the Aurea, and the Bronco that followed, was a form of motorcycle marketing that was practiced with this marque at the time.  Ducati's American importer, Berliner Motor Corporation would fly their US dealers to Italy to view the models in Ducati's lineup, alongside a choice of handlebars, seats, gas tanks and fenders that would fit on that model, and the dealers would pick which components in combination with which bike would most likely sell in the US market.  By this process, the 125 cc full-cradle framed 125 TV ended up with the stylish sporty fuel tank of the 125 Sport, a much higher spec model.  Two years later, the Aurea would have its low, racing or "drag bar" style handle bars replaced with upright touring handlebars, and have added knobby, off-road tires, producing the 125 Bronco.

Berliner Motor Corporation
Berliner Motor Corporation was the US distributor from the 1950s through the 1980s for several European motorcycle marques, including Ducati, J-Be, Matchless, Moto Guzzi, Norton, Sachs and Zündapp, as well as selling Metzeler tires. Berliner Motor was highly influential as the voice of the huge American market to the motorcycle companies they bought bikes from, and their suggestions, and sometimes forceful demands, guided many decisions in Europe as to which bikes to develop, produce, or discontinue.

Joe Berliner [...] a man endowed with great decision-making power in Borgo Panigale— Heritage Features and News. Ducati Motor Holding S.p.A.
Gateacre School
Gateacre School is a secondary school and sixth form located in Belle Vale, Liverpool, England. The school is co-educational with both male and female pupils from years 7 to 11 and throughout the sixth form.

Male
Male (symbol: ♂) is the sex of an organism that produces, or is organized to produce, the gamete (sex cell) known as sperm, which fuses with the larger female gamete, or ovum, in the process of fertilisation. A male organism cannot reproduce sexually without access to at least one ovum from a female, but some organisms can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Most male mammals, including male humans, have a Y chromosome, which codes for the production of larger amounts of testosterone to develop male reproductive organs.

In humans, the word male can also be used to refer to gender, in the social sense of gender role or gender identity.
Prostitution in Cyprus
Prostitution in Cyprus is not illegal, but operating brothels, organising prostitution rings, living off the profits of prostitution, encouraging prostitution or forcing a person to engage in prostitution are illegal activities.

In 2015, MP Rikkos Mappourides called for prostitution in Cyprus to be legalised.

Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons
The Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons (J/TIP) is an agency within the United States Department of State charged with investigating and creating programs to prevent human trafficking both within the United States and internationally. The office also presents the Trafficking in Persons Report annually to Congress, concerning human trafficking in the U.S. and other nations.  This report aims to raise awareness about human exploitation and trafficking, and to prevent it. The office's goals are to make the public aware, protect victims, take legal action against violators, establish necessary and just sentences for criminals, and train law enforcement individuals. The office is led by the United States Ambassador-at-Large to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons.
Amprenavir
Amprenavir (original brand name Agenerase, GlaxoSmithKline) is a protease inhibitor used to treat HIV infection. It was approved by the Food and Drug Administration on April 15, 1999, for twice-a-day dosing instead of needing to be taken every eight hours. The convenient dosing came at a price, as the dose required is 1,200 mg, delivered in eight very large 150 mg gel capsules or twenty-four 50 mg gel capsules, twice daily.

It was patented in 1992 and approved for medical use in 1999. Production of amprenavir was discontinued by the manufacturer on December 31, 2004; a prodrug version (fosamprenavir), is available.

Prodrug
A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be used to improve how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME).

Prodrugs are often designed to improve bioavailability when a drug itself is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A prodrug may be used to improve how selectively the drug interacts with cells or processes that are not its intended target.  This reduces adverse or unintended effects of a drug, especially important in treatments like chemotherapy, which can have severe unintended and undesirable side effects.
Cebotari
Cebotari is a Moldovan and Romanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Boris Cebotari (1975–2012), Moldovan footballer

Maria Cebotari (1910–1949), Romanian singer and actress

Nicolae Cebotari (born 1997), Moldovan footballer

Olga Cebotari (born 1992), Moldovan politician and diplomat

Serghei Cebotari (born 1981), Moldovan footballer and coach

Svetlana Cebotari (born 1969), Moldovan politician

Maria Cebotari
Maria Cebotari (original name: Ciubotaru, 10 February 1910 – 9 June 1949) was a Bessarabian-born Romanian lyric coloratura soprano who made her career in Germany. She was widely known as a soprano by the mid 1930s and noted in particular for her wide range of repertoire.

Beniamino Gigli stated that Cebotari was one of the greatest female voices he had ever heard. Maria Callas was compared to her, and Angela Gheorghiu named Maria Cebotari among the artists she admires the most.

With thousands of people in attendance, her funeral was "one of the most imposing demonstrations of love and honor any deceased artist has ever received" in the history of Vienna.
Cämmerswalde
The village of Cämmerswalde in the municipality of Neuhausen/Erzgeb is in the south of the Saxon district of Mittelsachsen in eastern Germany. The state-recognised spa resort with its 800-year-old history, lies near Seiffen in the eastern part of the Western Ore Mountains not far from the Czech border. The village is a classic Waldhufendorf, with a length of over five kilometres. Cämmerswalde is divided into Oberdorf, Mitteldorf and Niederdorf (upper, middle and lower village). Since 1994, Cämmerswalde has belonged to the municipality of Neuhausen/Erzgeb, but used to be an independent parish with the hamlets of  Deutschgeorgenthal, Haindorf and, from 1924, Neuwernsdorf and Rauschenbach.

Destination spa
A destination spa or health resort is a resort centered on a spa, such as a mineral spa. Historically, many such spas were developed at the location of natural hot springs or mineral springs. In the era before modern biochemistry and pharmacotherapy, "taking the waters" was often believed to have great medicinal powers. Even without such mystic powers, the stress relief and health education of spas also often has some degree of positive effect on health. Destination spas offer day spa facilities, but what sets them apart is that they also offer hotel facilities so that people can stay multiple nights.

Typically, over a seven-day stay, they provide a comprehensive program that includes spa services, physical fitness activities, wellness education, healthy cuisine, and special interest programming.

A special subgroup are the medical spas who offer treatments that are paid back by the national health insurance program.
A Queer Carol
A Queer Carol is a 1999 theatrical adaptation of Charles Dickens's classic 1843 novella A Christmas Carol retold in a gay perspective, written by Joe Godfrey. It work-shopped in Buffalo in December 1999 before later premiering in Manhattan in December 2001, and the rest of the United States over the years. A Queer Carol is the first queer adaptation of A Christmas Carol.

Tiny Tim (A Christmas Carol)
"Tiny" Tim Cratchit is a fictional character from the 1843 novella A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens. Although seen only briefly, he is a major character, and serves as an important symbol of the consequences of the protagonist's choices.
Genetically modified mouse
A genetically modified mouse, genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) or transgenic mouse is a mouse (Mus musculus) that has had its genome altered through the use of genetic engineering techniques. Genetically modified mice are commonly used for research or as animal models of human diseases and are also used for research on genes. Together with patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), GEMMs are the most common in vivo models in cancer research. The two approaches are considered complementary and may be used to recapitulate different aspects of disease. GEMMs are also of great interest for drug development, as they facilitate target validation and the study of response, resistance, toxicity and pharmacodynamics.

Cancer research
Cancer research is research into cancer to identify causes and develop strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and cure.

Cancer research ranges from epidemiology, molecular bioscience to the performance of clinical trials to evaluate and compare applications of the various cancer treatments. These applications include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy and combined treatment modalities such as chemo-radiotherapy. Starting in the mid-1990s, the emphasis in clinical cancer research shifted towards therapies derived from biotechnology research, such as cancer immunotherapy and gene therapy.

Cancer research is done in academia, research institutes, and corporate environments, and is largely government funded.
Mystacoleucus obtusirostris
Mystacoleucus obtusirostris is a species of ray-finned fish, found in freshwater habitats in Southeast Asia, notably in Thailand in the Mekong River, Chao Phraya River, and Mae Klong River. It is exploited in subsistence fishing.

Mae Klong
The Mae Klong (Thai: แม่น้ำแม่กลอง, RTGS: Maenam Mae Klong, Thai pronunciation: [mɛ̂ːnáːm mɛ̂ː klɔ̄ːŋ]), sometimes spelled Meklong, is a river in western Thailand. The river begins in Kanchanaburi Province and flows across Ratchaburi Province and Samut Songkhram Province.
Southorpe Meadow
Southorpe Meadow is a 2 hectares (4.9 acres) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Southorpe in Cambridgeshire. It is managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire.

This is one of the few surviving areas of neutral grassland in the county, where ridge and furrow from medieval ploughing can be seen. There is a rich variety of species, such as red fescue in drier areas, and salad burnet in damper ones.

There is access from Main Street.

Sanguisorba minor
Sanguisorba minor, the salad burnet, garden burnet, small burnet, burnet (also used for Sanguisorba generally), pimpernelle, Toper's plant, and burnet-bloodwort, is an edible perennial herbaceous plant in the family Rosaceae. It has ferny, toothed-leaf foliage; the unusual crimson, spherical flower clusters rise well above the leaves on thin stems. It generally grows to 25–55 cm tall (moisture-dependent; as short as 2 cm in dry areas). The large, long (sometimes 1m/3-foot), taproots store water, making it drought-tolerant.

It is evergreen to semi-evergreen; in warmer climates grows all year around, and in cold climates it stays green until heavy snow cover occurs. Plants may live over 20 years, though 7-12 is more usual; it lives longer if sometimes permitted to set seed. Burnet flowers in early summer.

Subspecies include muricata, minor, and mongolii (the last from the Mediterranean).
Șanț
Șanț (Hungarian: Újradna; German: Neurodna) is a commune in Bistrița-Năsăud County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Șanț and Valea Mare (Máriavölgy).

The commune is located in the northeastern corner of the county, at the foot of the Rodna Mountains. It surrounded by several peaks, including Ineu (2,279 m (7,477 ft)) and Ineuț (2,202 m (7,224 ft)) to the north, Omu (2,010 m (6,590 ft)) and Cucureasa (1,778 m (5,833 ft)) to the east, and Cornu (1,300 m (4,300 ft)) to the southwest.

Șanț was founded around the year 1600, initially as a hamlet within  Rodna Veche commune. Since 1773 it has been documented as an independent commune, under the name of Rodna Nouă; its name was changed to Șanț in 1925.

The main occupations of the inhabitants are wood exploitation and processing, forest care and regeneration activities, agriculture, animal husbandry, animal products, and traditional crafts.

Ineu Peak
Ineu (also Inău) is a peak in the Rodna Mountains, Romania with an elevation of 2,279 m (7,477 ft). It is the second peak in height after Pietrosul Rodnei which has an elevation of 2,303 m (7,556 ft).

Ineu Peak belongs to the Ineu–Lala Mixed Reservation, within the Rodna Mountains National Park.
Golden Rose Stakes
The Golden Rose Stakes is an Australian Turf Club Group 1 Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-olds, run at set weights, over a distance of 1,400 metres at Rosehill Racecourse, Sydney, Australia.  Previously run in late August or early September, the race is now run on the fourth Saturday in September. Total prizemoney for the race is A$1 million.

Rosehill Gardens Racecourse
The Rosehill Gardens Racecourse is located in the Sydney suburb of Rosehill, New South Wales, Australia. It is operated by the Australian Turf Club. Rosehill holds horse races for thoroughbred gallopers on a grass surface. It is one of the two premier racecourses in Sydney, the other one being Randwick Racecourse. One of the main events held at Rosehill is the Golden Slipper race for two-year-olds. The track has a circumference of 2,048 metres (6,719 ft) with a home straight of 408 metres (1,339 ft).
Raymond J. Mooney
Raymond J. Mooney is an American computer scientist, professor of computer science, and director of the Artificial Intelligence laboratory at the University of Texas at Austin. His research focuses on machine learning and natural language processing.

He was educated at O'Fallon Township High School in O'Fallon, Illinois and earned a BS, MS, and Ph.D. in computer science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where he was advised by Gerald DeJong.

He is a fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), and Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI).

O'Fallon, Illinois
O'Fallon is a city in St. Clair County, Illinois, United States. The 2020 census listed the population at 32,289. The city is the second largest city in the Metro East region and Southern Illinois. It sits 5 miles (8.0 km) from Scott Air Force Base and 18 miles (29 km) from Downtown St. Louis.

Like its namesake in St. Charles County, Missouri, O'Fallon is part of the St. Louis metro area. This makes O'Fallon (along with the two Troys in Illinois and Missouri) one of the few pairs of like-named municipalities to be part of the same metro region.