hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Juniata Valley Railroad
The Juniata Valley Railroad (reporting mark JVRR) is a short line that operates 11 miles of track in Mifflin County, Pennsylvania in the United States. It is part of the North Shore Railroad System.

The communities served include Lewistown (and the MCIDC industrial park), the unincorporated village of Maitland in Derry Township, and Burnham.  All the track meets at Lewistown, with lines to the industrial park to the southwest, Maitland to the northeast (roughly parallel to U.S. Route 522), and Burnham to the northwest (roughly parallel to U.S. Route 322).

The system has trackage rights via the Norfolk Southern Railway, interchanging with the Pittsburgh Line at Lewistown.

Reporting mark
A reporting mark is a code used to identify owners or lessees of rolling stock and other equipment used on certain rail transport networks.  The code typically reflects the name or identifying number of the owner, lessee, or operator of the equipment, similar to IATA airline designators.

In North America, the mark, which consists of an alphabetic code of two to four letters, is stenciled on each piece of equipment, along with a one- to six-digit number. This information is used to uniquely identify every such rail car or locomotive, thus allowing it to be tracked by the railroad it is traveling over, which shares the information with other railroads and customers.  In multinational registries, a code indicating the home country may also be included.
Arionellus
Arionellus Barrande, 1850, is a disused name for a genus of trilobite.  The name Arionellus was a replacement for Arionides Barrande, 1847, itself a replacement for Arion Barrande, 1846, which was preoccupied because Férussac had already used it in 1819 for a genus of slugs.

Agraulos had already been proposed as replacement for Arion by Hawle and Corda in 1847, but Barrande unjustly considered it a homonym of Agraulis, a butterfly named by Boisduval in 1836.

The species of Arionellus have now been reassigned to the following genera.

A. bipunctatus = Croixana bipunctata

A. ceticephalus = Agraulos ceticephalus

A. convexus = Camaraspis convexa

A. cylindricus = Keithiella cylindrica

A. oweni = Modocia oweni

A. primaevus = Strenuaeva primaeva

A. pustulatus = Glaphurus pustulatus

A. texanus = Tricrepicephalus texanus

A. tripunctatus = Tricrepicephalus tripunctatus

André Étienne d'Audebert de Férussac
Baron André Étienne Justin Pascal Joseph François d'Audebert de Férussac (30 December 1786 – 21 January 1836) was a French naturalist best known for his studies of molluscs. (Two of his given names are sometimes spelt Just or Juste instead of Justin, and d'Audibert, d'Audebard, or d'Audeberd instead of "d'Audebert".)

He was born in Chartron, near Lauzerte in the province of Quercy (now in Tarn-et-Garonne), the son of Jean Baptiste Louis d'Audibert de Férussac and Marie Catherine Josèphe de Rozet, and was professor of geography and statistics at the École d'état-major in Paris.
Illinois Republican Party
The Illinois Republican Party is the affiliate of the Republican Party in the U.S. state of Illinois founded on May 29, 1856. It is run by the Illinois Republican State Central Committee, which consists of 17 members, one representing each of the state's congressional districts. Once the dominant party in Illinois, the state GOP has become a minority party within the last few decades, holding little power in the state. The current chairman is Kathy Salvi, who has served since 2024.

James Hutchinson Woodworth
James Hutchinson Woodworth (December 4, 1804 – March 26, 1869), was a member of the Illinois State Senate and the Illinois State House of Representatives, served as a Chicago Alderman, was elected to consecutive terms as Mayor of Chicago, Illinois (1848–1850) as an Independent Democrat, and served one term in the US House of Representatives as a member of the Republican Party. Woodworth completed his career in Chicago as one of the city's most noteworthy bankers. He is a member of the Woodworth political family.
Mawlamyinegyun Township
Mawlamyinegyun Township (Burmese: မော်လမြိုင်ကျွန်းမြို့နယ်, also called Moulmeingyun Township) is a township of Labutta District in southern Ayeyarwady Region, Myanmar. The township is shortened colloquially as Mawkyun Township (Burmese: မော်ကျွန်းမြို့နယ်) The township has one town, the principal town of Mawlamyinegyun, which is divided into 13 urban wards. The remainder of the township is divided into 108 village tracts grouping together 676 villages. The township borders Wakema Township to the north and is bounded by the main stream channel of the Irrawaddy River to the east, separating it from Kyaiklat Township and Bogale Township. To its southwest, it borders Labutta Township

Townships of Myanmar
Townships (Burmese: မြို့နယ်, Mrui.nay; IPA: [mjo̰nɛ̀]) are the third-level administrative divisions of Myanmar. They are the sub-divisions of the districts of Myanmar. According to the Myanmar Information Management Unit (MIMU), as of December 2015, there are 330 townships in Myanmar.

Townships are the basic administrative unit of local governance and are the only type of administrative division that cover all of Myanmar. A township is administered by a township administrator, a civil servant appointed through the General Administration Department (GAD) of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MOHA). The minister of home affairs is to be appointed by the military according to the 2008 constitution. Townships are supervised by districts.
Najla Aljeraiwi
Najla Aljeraiwi (born 26 October 1988) is a Kuwaiti professional racing cyclist. She competed at the 2016 UCI Road World Championships in the women's time trial but fell after riding ito a fence and finished 38th, and in the women's road race, but she did not finish the race.

She is the younger sister of road cyclist Nada Aljeraiwi who also competed at the 2016 UCI Road World Championships.

2016 UCI Road World Championships – Women's time trial
The Women's time trial of the 2016 UCI Road World Championships took place in and around in Doha, Qatar on 11 October 2016. The course of the race was 28.9 km (18.0 mi). Linda Villumsen won her first world time trial title in 2015 but did not take part in the 2016 race.

2008 world champion Amber Neben, from the United States, claimed her second rainbow jersey, completing the course 5.99 seconds quicker than the European champion Ellen van Dijk, from the Netherlands. Australia's Katrin Garfoot, the Oceanian champion, won the bronze medal, 2.33 seconds behind van Dijk and 8.32 seconds in arrears of Neben's winning time.
Carlos Díaz (athlete)
Carlos Martín Díaz del Río (born 9 July 1993) is a Chilean middle and long-distance runner. He holds the Chilean national record for the indoor and outdoor 1500 metres, the indoor 3000 metres, the 10,000 metres, the half marathon and the marathon. He was the gold medallist in the event at the South American Championships in Athletics in 2015.

Díaz rose through the age categories, taking the South American Youth title in 2010, a South American Junior bronze in 2011, then a gold medal at the South American Under-23 Championships in Athletics in 2014. As a senior athlete he is a two-time medallist at the Ibero-American Championships in Athletics and won a bronze at the 2014 Pan American Sports Festival.

Athletics abbreviations
The sports under the umbrella of athletics, particularly track and field, use a variety of statistics.  In order to report that information efficiently, numerous abbreviations have grown to be common in the sport. Starting in 1948 by Bert Nelson and Cordner Nelson, Track & Field News became the leader in creating and defining abbreviations in this field. These abbreviations have also been adopted by, among others: World Athletics, the world governing body; various domestic governing bodies; the Association of Track and Field Statisticians; the Association of Road Racing Statisticians; the Associated Press; and individual media outlets who receive their reports. These abbreviations also appear in Wikipedia.
Burbong railway station
Burbong is a former railway station which was located on the Bombala railway line, that leaves the Main Southern railway line at Joppa Junction. It served the Burbong and the surrounding area, which is part of the locality of Carwoola to the east of Queanbeyan in the Monaro Region of New South Wales, Australia.

Main Southern railway line
The Main Southern railway line (or Great Southern Railway) is a major railway in New South Wales, Australia. It runs from Sydney to Albury, near the Victorian border. The line passes through the Southern Highlands, Southern Tablelands, South West Slopes and Riverina regions.
Murat Bay
Murat Bay is a bay at the western end of Eyre Peninsula in South Australia. It is an inlet of the Great Australian Bight. The main town on the bay is Ceduna.

The Tourville and Murat Bays Important Bird Area includes Murat Bay.

Murat Bay was initially named Baie des Saints by Nicolas Baudin, and renamed to Baie Murat by François Péron and Louis de Freycinet on the same expedition, named after Joachim Murat, a Marshal of France. As that name was in French, the current name is the English translation.

Matthew Flinders named the bay Denial Bay, which is now the name of a small community on the western side of the bay. Murat Bay is the enclosed bay bounded by Cape Thevenard and Matts Point. Denial Bay is the larger body of water bounded by Nuyts Archipelago on the seaward side.

Baudin expedition to Australia
The Baudin expedition of 1800 to 1803 was a French expedition to map the coast of New Holland (now Australia). Nicolas Baudin was selected as leader in October 1800. The expedition started with two ships, Géographe, captained by Baudin, and Naturaliste captained by Jacques Hamelin, and was accompanied by nine zoologists and botanists, including Jean-Baptiste Leschenault de la Tour, François Péron and Charles-Alexandre Lesueur as well as the geographer Pierre Faure.
Chain of Light
Chain of Light is a studio album by Pakistani qawwali singer Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, published posthumously on 20 September 2024. The album features four traditional qawwali compositions recorded in 1990. It remained unreleased until rediscovered in 2021, after being lost for 27 years. Produced by Michael Brook and mixed by Craig Conard under the label Real World Records, the album is a part of Khan's collaborations, which began after his appearance at the WOMAD festival.

The title Chain of Light, is taken from a phrase within one of the Sufi devotional poems featured on the record. However, the context and its authorship remains uncertain. The tracks on Chain of Light remained unreleased and were lost for several years before being rediscovered during an archival reorganization.

Dildar Hussain
Dildar Hussain (born 1957) is a Pakistani percussionist and tabla player. He is known for being the left handed tabla player for the renowned Qawwali singer Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan. Dildar Hussain played tabla in Nusrat's qawwali-singing group until Nusrat died in 1997. Dildar Hussain belongs to the Punjab gharana of tabla-playing music artists. He is a disciple of Ustad Allah Rakha. 
Dildar Hussain plays the tabla left-handed.
Penn Foster College
Penn Foster College is a private, for-profit online college headquartered in Chandler, Arizona. It was founded in 1890 as  International Correspondence Schools and presently offers bachelor's and associate degree programs in 22 certified programs, as well as academic certificates.

Chandler, Arizona
Chandler is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, and a suburb in the Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is the fourth-most populous city in Arizona, after Phoenix, Tucson, and Mesa. Chandler is considered to be a part of the East Valley.

As of the 2020 census, the population of Chandler was 275,987, up from 236,123 at the 2010 census. Chandler is a commercial and tech hub for corporations like Intel, Northrop Grumman, Wells Fargo, PayPal and Boeing.
Virgil Elliott
Virgil Elliott (born in 1944) is an oil painter specializing in portraits and an educator with articles in American Artist magazine now The Artist's Magazine, The Portrait Signature, the Chronicle of Higher Education, and On the Level.  He is ranked a Living Master by the Art Renewal Center and one of only twenty-four artists worldwide with certification from the Portrait Society of America along with being a faculty artist. He is a member of the member of the American Society for Testing and Materials Subcommittee (ASTM) on Artist’s Paints and Materials. He is the author of the book, Traditional Oil Painting: Advanced Techniques and Concepts from the Renaissance to the Present. As a member of the 1987 Artists' Advisory Panel to the California State Fair, Elliott lead a successful effort that opened the State Fair's art show to representational art and to depose the officials responsible for its exclusion. He has been interviewed on several podcasts and through other mediums.

ASTM International
ASTM International, formerly known as American Society for Testing and Materials, is a standards organization that develops and publishes voluntary consensus technical international standards for a wide range of materials, products, systems and services. Some 12,575 apply globally. The headquarters is in West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, about 5 mi (8.0 km) northwest of Philadelphia. It was founded in 1902 as the American Section of the International Association for Testing Materials.

In addition to its traditional standards work, ASTM operates several global initiatives advancing additive manufacturing, advanced manufacturing, and emerging technologies, including the Additive Manufacturing Center of Excellence (AM CoE), the acquisition of Wohlers Associates for market intelligence and advisory services, and the NIST-funded Standardization Center of Excellence (SCOE).
Qu Tanzhou
Qu Tanzhou (Chinese: 曲探宙) is the director of the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.

In 2007 Qu Tanzhou was the director of China's Polar Office of the State Oceanic Administration.

According to an article published in the January 2010 edition of The Age, Qu Tanzhou was part of a high-level delegation of senior officials that traveled to the Antarctic, led by Xu Shaoshi, China's Minister for Land and Resources.
The delegation travelled aboard the Xue Long, China's icebreaker.

Jo Chandler, writing in The Age, interviewed Qu when he visited Australia's Antarctic Casey Station.

"At this stage, we are paying attention to climate and environmental change … [looking at] oceanography, geography, [evidence of] meteorites."
"Also, we are here about the potential of the resources and how to use these resources."

Casey Station
Casey Station, commonly called Casey, is one of three permanent stations and research outposts in Antarctica managed by the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD). Casey lies on the northern side of the Bailey Peninsula overlooking Vincennes Bay on the Budd Coast of Wilkes Land in the Australian Antarctic Territory, a territory claimed by Australia. Casey is 3,880 kilometres (2,410 mi) due south of Perth, Western Australia.

Casey was named in honour of Richard, Baron Casey.
2011–12 North of Scotland Cup
The 2011–12 North of Scotland Cup began on 23 July 2011 and ended on 11 September 2011.

This season saw Nutel Communications as the sponsors for the second year with draw taking place at their headquarters in Inverness.  The draw, like previous years, was split into north and south sections but without Ross County and Elgin City who withdrew from the competition.

Elgin City F.C.
Elgin City Football Club (also known as City or The Black and Whites) is a professional senior football club based in Elgin, Moray.

Elgin was founded in 1893 and originally played their football in the Highland Football League. The club was granted league status in 2000. They currently compete in the Scottish Professional Football League in Scottish League Two.
Pan-assay interference compounds
Pan-assay interference compounds (PAINS) are chemical compounds that often give false positive results in high-throughput screens. PAINS tend to react nonspecifically with numerous biological targets rather than specifically affecting one desired target. A number of disruptive functional groups are shared by many PAINS.

While a number of filters have been proposed and are used in virtual screening and computer-aided drug design, the accuracy of filters with regard to compounds they flag and don't flag has been criticized.

Common PAINS include toxoflavin, isothiazolones, hydroxyphenyl hydrazones, curcumin, phenol-sulfonamides, rhodanines, enones, quinones, and catechols such as luteolin, baicalin and scutellarin.

Luteolin
Luteolin is a flavone, a type of flavonoid, with a yellow crystalline appearance.

Luteolin is the main yellow dye from the Reseda luteola plant, used for dyeing since at least the first millennium B.C. Luteolin was first isolated in pure form, and was named in 1829 by the French chemist, Michel Eugène Chevreul.

Luteolin is a phytochemical present in leaves, bark, flower blossoms, pollens, various vegetables, and herbs.
Novokhrenovoye
Novokhrenovoye (Russian: Новохреновое) is a rural locality (a selo) in Oktyabrskoye Rural Settlement, Paninsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 489 as of 2010. There are 9 streets.

Paninsky District
Paninsky District  (Russian: Па́нинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,398 square kilometers (540 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Panino. Population: 24,236 (2021 Census); 29,231 (2010 Census); 33,017 (2002 Census); 36,143 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Panino accounts for 24.7% of the district's total population.
Lakenheath Fen RSPB reserve
Lakenheath Fen RSPB reserve is located on the Norfolk/Suffolk border in England, between Lakenheath and Hockwold cum Wilton adjacent to Lakenheath railway station. This reserve forms part of a network of Fenland nature reserves close by, which include Wicken Fen, Chippenham Fen and Woodwalton Fen.

Chippenham Fen and Snailwell Poor's Fen
Chippenham Fen and Snailwell Poor's Fen is a 155.9-hectare (385-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south-east of Fordham in Cambridgeshire, England. It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I, a Ramsar wetland site and a Special Area of Conservation (part of the multi-site Fenland SAC). It is managed by Natural England.

The site is described by Natural England as "of national importance for its wide range of wetland habitats and associated birds and insects". It has diverse habitats and flora, with several uncommon species in damp meadows. It also has many species of breeding birds, and rare spiders and moths.

Access is by permit, which is only available for people conducting research on the site.
Araköy, Kızıltepe
Araköy (Kurdish: Tilnişîr) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızıltepe, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Xalecan tribe and had a population of 320 in 2021.

Mardin Province
Mardin Province (Turkish: Mardin ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Mêrdîn; Arabic: محافظة ماردين; Classical Syriac: ܡܪܕܝܢ ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ) is a province and metropolitan municipality in Turkey. Its area is 8,780 km2, and its population is 870,374 (2022). The largest city in the province is Kızıltepe, while the capital Mardin is the second largest city.
Ahmed Zaman Chowdhury
Ahmed Zaman Chowdhury (28 December 1947 – 6 March 2013) was a Bangladeshi film journalist, screenwriter and lyricist. He won the Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Screenplay for the film Jadur Banshi (1977). Besides, he won Bachsas Award and Fazlul Haq Memorial Award.

Bachsas Awards
The Bachsas Awards were introduced in 1972 to encourage the fledgling film industry of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Cholochitra Sangbadik Samity (Bangladesh Cine-Journalists' Association) gave its most prestigious awards to outstanding performers in film, television, music, dance and theatre.
Sam Fiocchi
Samuel L. Fiocchi (born October 1, 1952) is an American Republican politician who represented the 1st Legislative District in the New Jersey General Assembly from January 14, 2014 to January 12, 2016. He took office after he defeated Nelson Albano in the 2013 general election.

Fiocchi was born and raised in Vineland, New Jersey and attended St. Augustine Preparatory School and Widener University. Fiocchi had been a member of the Cumberland County Board of Chosen Freeholders from 2011 to 2013 for one term and had been a member of the Vineland Zoning Board from 2009 to 2011. He is also a real estate agent and served on the transition team for Chris Christie in 2010.

During his term in the Assembly, he served on the Human Services, Regulatory Oversight, and Telecommunications and Utilities committees. After serving one term, he and Republican running mate, Cumberland County Freeholder Jim Sauro, were defeated by incumbent Democrat Bob Andrzejczak and his running mate R. Bruce Land.

Widener University
Widener University is a private university in Chester, Pennsylvania, United States. Established in 1821, the university was known as the Pennsylvania Military College until 1972. Widener enrolls approximately 3,500 undergraduate students across six colleges and schools. The university also operates two distinct law schools in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and Wilmington, Delaware. Widener is named in honor of Eleanor Elkins Widener.

The university offers associate’s, bachelor’s, master's, and doctoral degrees in a variety of fields across liberal arts, business, and engineering, to nursing and a variety of health and human service professional programs.
AXS TV Fights
AXS TV Fights is the brand name of AXS TV's live mixed martial arts (MMA), Muay Thai and kickboxing broadcasts. Formerly known as HDNET Fights, the program's name was changed to AXS TV Fights in July 2012, following the network's rebrand from HDNET to AXS TV.

Titan Fighting Championships
Titan Fighting Championship (Titan FC) is an American mixed martial arts promotion based out of Pompano Beach, Florida.  Their shows were originally run in and near Kansas City and have since expanded to include venues all over North America and eventually, international locations. Since July 2015, Titan FC events are broadcast on the UFC online streaming service UFC Fight Pass, which also showcases a library of the organization's previous events.
Awards and decorations of the Swiss Armed Forces
Switzerland does not have a national honour system. Enshrined in the 1848 Swiss Constitution in Article 12 was a prohibition on the acceptance of honours and titles by Swiss citizens. In the current Swiss constitution there is no specific prohibition on titles and orders, however there is a statute that covers the prohibition previously covered by Article 12.

The Swiss military maintains a system of awards which recognize length of service, training, sports, and mission participation.

Federalism in Switzerland
The rise of federalism in Switzerland began on 12 September 1848, with the creation of a federal constitution in response to a 27-day civil war, the Sonderbundskrieg.

The 1848 constitution represented the first time, other than when the short-lived Helvetic Republic had been imposed, that the Swiss had a central government instead of being simply a collection of autonomous cantons bound by treaties.