hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
America's Thanksgiving Parade
America's Thanksgiving Parade is a parade held annually on Thanksgiving in Detroit, Michigan, United States. Started in 1924 by the J. L. Hudson Company, it shares the title for the second-oldest Thanksgiving parade in the United States with the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York City, and is four years younger than the 6abc Dunkin' Thanksgiving Day Parade in Philadelphia.

Parade
A parade is a procession of people, usually organized along a street, often in costume, and often accompanied by marching bands, floats, or sometimes large balloons. Parades are held for a wide range of reasons, but are usually some variety of celebration.

The term "parade" is also used in different contexts; for example, in the Canadian Armed Forces, "parade" is used both to describe the procession and in other informal connotations.

Protest demonstrations can also take the form of a parade, but these are usually referred to as a march instead.
1940 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1940.

Burrow
A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to construct a space suitable for habitation or temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion. Burrows provide a form of shelter against predation and exposure to the elements, and can be found in nearly every biome and among various biological interaction types, including symbiosis and competition. Many animal species are known to form burrows. These species range from small amphipods, to very large vertebrate species such as the polar bear. Burrows can be constructed into a wide variety of substrates and can range in complexity from a simple tube a few centimeters long to a complex network of interconnecting tunnels and chambers hundreds or thousands of meters in total length; an example of the latter level of complexity, a well-developed burrow, would be a rabbit warren.
Abe Walsh
Abe Walsh (born March 30, 1971, in Orange, California) is an American author who has written extensively about his hunting, fishing and back-country adventures. He has written for over 25 magazine titles, and authored or ghost-written several hardcover books on the subject. He has also appeared on-camera on television hunting shows.

Walsh is also an accomplished big-game hunter.

Orange, California
Orange is a city located in northern Orange County, California, United States. It is approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) north of the county seat, Santa Ana. Orange is unusual in this region because many of the homes in its Old Town District were built before 1920. While many other cities in the region demolished such houses in the 1960s, Orange decided to preserve them. The small city of Villa Park is surrounded by the city of Orange. The population of Orange was 139,911 as of 2020.
Haldi Kumkum
Haldi Kumkum, or the Haldi Kumkum ceremony, is a social gathering in India in which married women exchange haldi (turmeric) and kumkum (vermilion powder), as a symbol of their married status and wishing for their husbands' long lives.

The ceremony is particularly popular in the Deccan Indian states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Goa. In Tamil Nadu, it is celebrated as Aadi perukku aka Aadi monsoon festival is a Hindu Tamil festival celebrated on the 18th day of the Tamil month of Adi (mid-July to mid-August). Married women invite friends, relatives, and new acquaintances to meet in an atmosphere of merriment and fun. On such occasions, the hostess distributes bangles, sweets, small novelties, flowers, betel leaves and nuts as well as coconuts. The snacks include Kairiche Panhe (raw mango juice) and Vatli Dal.

This ceremony is conducted on different occasions like on Fridays during the month of Shravana, Diwali, and Sankranti.

Aadi Perukku
Aadi Perukku, (pronunciationⓘ) is a Hindu festival celebrated by the Tamils on the 18th day of the Tamil month of Aadi. The festival usually involves prayers on river banks to mark the increasing water levels during the monsoon and as a tribute to the life-sustaining properties of water. Hindu deity of Amman is worshiped with various rituals.
Alcovy Mountain
Alcovy Mountain stands as a geological and geographical highlight in Georgia. This monadnock, similar to Kennesaw Mountain in Marietta, rises prominently in Walton County about four miles south of Monroe. With a summit elevation of 1,088 ft (332 m), it holds the title of the highest point in Walton County. Furthermore, it marks the southeastern-most mountain of significance in the Appalachian mountain range.

The terrain around the mountain averages roughly 750 feet (230 m) AMSL. Alcovy (pronunciation: al-CO-vee) Mountain rises steeply from the banks of the Alcovy River, which arises farther north, in Gwinnett County.

Walton County, Georgia
Walton County is a county located in the East Central region of the U.S. - State of Georgia.  As of the 2020 census, the population was 96,673. It is located about 30 miles east of the state capital, the city of Atlanta. Monroe is the county seat; Loganville is another major city.

Walton County is part of the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA metropolitan statistical area.
University Boulevard Line
The University Boulevard Line, designated Route M12, is a daily bus route operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority between Hyattsville Crossing station of the Green and Yellow Lines and Twinbrook station of the Red Line of the Washington Metro. The line operates every 6 – 24 minutes during peak hours, every 12-24 minutes during weekday off-peak and weekend daytime, and every 20-30 minutes during late night. Trips take roughly 70 minutes. Every other trip on the M12 operates between Takoma Langley Crossroads Transit Center and Wheaton station of the Red Line of the Washington Metro which takes roughly 30 minutes. The line connects northern Prince George's County to Montgomery County via the University Boulevard East/West (MD 193) corridor.

Yellow Line (Washington Metro)
The Yellow Line is a rapid transit line of the Washington Metro system that runs between Huntington in Virginia and Mount Vernon Square in Washington, D.C. or Greenbelt in Maryland. It consists of 22 stations in Fairfax County, the city of Alexandria, Arlington County in Virginia, Washington, D.C., and Prince George's County, Maryland.

The Yellow Line shares track with the Blue Line between King Street–Old Town and Pentagon and the Green Line between L'Enfant Plaza and Greenbelt. It has only two stations that are not shared by any other lines (Huntington and Eisenhower Avenue) and only two sections of track that are not shared by any other lines – the section south of King Street–Old Town and the section between Pentagon and L'Enfant Plaza, crossing the Potomac River.

On weekdays, trains run every 6 minutes until 9:30PM and every 7.5 minutes afterward. On weekends, trains run every 8 minutes.
Molly Gaskin
Molly R. Gaskin (born 1941) is an environmentalist from Trinidad and Tobago, who is a co-founder, in 1966, and, as of 2024, President of Pointe-à-Pierre Wild Fowl Trust. She pioneered environmental education at the Trust, focussing on wetland habitat and herbal medicine.

Educated at the University of Wales, in 1978 she took on management of the organisation. In 1983 she introduced turtle patrols to protect the reptiles laying their eggs at Matura Beach. She also led a successful scarlet ibis breeding programme at the trust, hatching its first chick in 1991. In 1993 she enabled the government of Trinidad and Tobago to join the Ramsar Convention.

Ramsar Convention
The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of Ramsar sites (wetlands). It is also known as the Convention on Wetlands. It is named after the city of Ramsar in Iran, where the convention was signed in 1971.

Every three years, representatives of the contracting parties meet as the Conference of the Contracting Parties (COP), the policy-making organ of the convention which adopts decisions (site designations, resolutions and recommendations) to administer the work of the convention and improve the way in which the parties are able to implement its objectives. In 2022, COP15 was held in Montreal, Canada.
Aukra Auto
Aukra Auto is a bus and truck operating company based in Aukra Municipality, Norway. The company has a monopoly on bus transport on the island of Gossa and between the island and the nearby town of Molde. The largest owner of the company is Nettbuss (66%).

Their Aerobus transports people and goods daily between Aukra and Molde. The company also runs its Aerobus between Molde Lufthavn, the town center and Aukra. The Aerobus has belts on all seats, offers a refrigerating unit and thermo cabinets.

In connection with the construction work on Ormen Lange, Aukra Auto has signed a contract with the county administration of Møre og Romsdal and Norsk Hydro to operate an airport bus to Molde Airport, Årø and internal transport on the site.

Norsk Hydro
Norsk Hydro ASA (often referred to as just Hydro) is a Norwegian aluminium and renewable energy company, headquartered in Oslo.  It is one of the largest aluminium companies worldwide.  It has operations in some 50 countries around the world and is active on all continents.  The Norwegian state owns 34.3% of the company through the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries.  A further 6.5% is owned by Folketrygdfond, which administers the Government Pension Fund of Norway.  Norsk Hydro employs approximately 35,000 people. Eivind Kallevik has been the CEO since May, 2024, following Hilde Merete Aasheim. Rune Bjerke has been the Chairman since 2024 and Magnus Aakvaag (the grandson of former CEO Torvild Aakvaag) serves as a strategic advisor.

Hydro had a significant presence in the oil and gas industry until October 2007, when these operations were merged with Statoil to form StatoilHydro (in 2009 changed back to Statoil, which is now called Equinor).
Euploea tulliolus
Euploea tulliolus, the dwarf crow or small brown crow, is a butterfly found in the Solomon Islands, Malaysia, Taiwan, Vietnam, Singapore and Australia, that belongs to the crows and tigers, that is, the danaid group of the brush-footed butterflies family. It has a wingspan of about 4 to 8 centimeters.

Due to the purple iridescence of the butterfly under sunlight, the butterfly is also commonly referred to as the purple crow.

The Taiwanese population engages in a mass migration from the north of Taiwan to the south and back again. During the migration the main highway blocking their route has protective netting put in place and butterfly numbers are tracked with traffic restricted during the peak of the swarm's crossing.

Danainae
Danainae is a subfamily of the family Nymphalidae, the brush-footed butterflies. The group may be referred to as the Danaids (reflecting their previous rank as a family) or milkweed butterflies, as they often lay their eggs on various milkweeds on which their larvae (caterpillars) feed, though it also encompasses the clearwing butterflies (Ithomiini), and the Tellervini.

Some 300 species of Danainae exist worldwide. Most of the Danaini are found in tropical Asia and Africa, while the Ithomiini are diverse in the Neotropics. Tellervini are restricted to Australia and the Oriental region. Four species are found in North America: the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus), the queen (Danaus gilippus), the tropical milkweed butterfly (Lycorea halia), and the soldier butterfly (or "tropic queen", Danaus eresimus). Of these, the monarch is by far the most famous, being one of the most recognizable butterflies in the Americas.
1993 Scottish Cup final
The 1993 Scottish Cup final was played between Rangers and Aberdeen at Celtic Park on 29 May 1993. Owing to ground reconstruction at Hampden Park, the fixture was played at another stadium for the first time since 1924.

Rangers won the match 2–1, thereby securing a domestic treble. Rangers' scorers were Mark Hateley, scoring in his second consecutive Scottish Cup final, and Neil Murray. Lee Richardson scored Aberdeen's goal.

Treble (association football)
A treble in association football is achieved when a club team wins three trophies in a single season. A continental treble involves winning the club's top-level domestic league competition, main domestic cup competition, and main continental trophy. Although winning a second-tier continental trophy (e.g. Europa League) has also been described as a continental treble, it is not as widely accepted. A domestic treble involves winning three national competitions—including the league title, the primary cup competition, and one secondary competition, such as a league cup.

Competitions which consist of a single match or a two-leg match are not normally counted as part of a continental treble (e.g., the FA Community Shield, Supercopa de España, Supercoppa Italiana, Trophée des Champions, DFL-Supercup, UEFA Super Cup, Recopa Sudamericana, FIFA Club World Cup (2005–2023 editions), Intercontinental Cup and others).
1946 Dahomey and Togo by-election
A by-election to the French National Assembly was held in French Dahomey and French Togoland on 10 February 1946. The by-election was required after the death of incumbent MP Francis Aupiais on 18 December 1945. Aupiais had been elected via the first college in October 1945.

Jacques Bertho of the Popular Republican Movement was the only candidate, and was elected with 644 of the 818 votes cast.

Popular Republican Movement
The Popular Republican Movement (French: Mouvement Républicain Populaire, MRP) was a Christian-democratic political party in France during the Fourth Republic.  Its base was the Catholic vote and its leaders included Georges Bidault, Robert Schuman, Paul Coste-Floret, Pierre-Henri Teitgen and Pierre Pflimlin.  It played a major role in forming governing coalitions, in emphasizing compromise and the middle ground, and in protecting against a return to extremism and political violence.  It played an even more central role in foreign policy, having charge of the Foreign Office for ten years and launching plans for the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community, which grew into the European Union.  Its voter base gradually dwindled in the 1950s and it had little power by 1954.
Robert Kelley (academic administrator)
Robert O. Kelley (born 1944) was the 11th president of the University of North Dakota in Grand Forks, North Dakota. His term began on July 1, 2008. Kelley was previously dean of the College of Health Sciences and professor of medical education and public health at the University of Wyoming.

Kelley earned a B.S. in biology and chemistry from Abilene Christian University in 1965, and earned a M.S. in cell and developmental biology in 1966 from the University of California, Berkeley, where he would go on to earn his doctorate from in 1969.

As president, Kelley presided over the renaming of the Fighting Sioux as the Fighting Hawks.

In 2015, Kelley announced his retirement as president of the university, effective in January 2016. On January 14, 2016, he stepped down and was succeeded by Ed Schafer, who started his term as interim president the following day. Following his retirement, Kelley intends to move to Colorado to be closer to family.

University of North Dakota
The University of North Dakota (UND) is a public research university in Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States. It was established by the Dakota Territorial Assembly in 1883, six years before the establishment of the state of North Dakota.

The university has the only schools of law and medicine in the state of North Dakota. The John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences was the first in the country to offer a degree in unmanned aircraft systems operation. Several national research institutions are on the university's campus including the Energy and Environmental Research Center, the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, and the USDA Human Nutrition Research Center. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral universities – very high research activity".
Jim Gooch Jr.
James Alfred Gooch Jr. (born April 13, 1951) is an American politician and member of the Kentucky House of Representatives since January 1995. He represents Kentucky's 12th House district, which includes Crittenden, McLean, Union, and Webster counties. Gooch switched parties from Democratic to Republican in December 2015. He has served as chair of the House Standing Committee on Natural Resources and Energy for over 20 years. He has been the longest-serving member of the House since the retirement of Ruth Ann Palumbo in 2024.

Kentucky House of Representatives
The Kentucky House of Representatives is the lower house of the Kentucky General Assembly. It is composed of 100 Representatives elected from single-member districts throughout the Commonwealth. Not more than two counties can be joined to form a House district, except when necessary to preserve the principle of equal representation. Representatives are elected to two-year terms with no term limits. The Kentucky House of Representatives convenes at the State Capitol in Frankfort.
Richard Phipps
Christianity portal

The Ven Richard Phipps (26 May 1865 in Northampton [bap 1 August 1865] – 5 October 1934 in Harrogate) was Archdeacon of Halifax from 1923 to 1927; and then, when it was renamed, of Pontefract from 1927 to 1930.

Phipps was educated at Dover College; Clare College, Cambridge; and Wells Theological College. Ordained in 1890, he served curacies in Great Yarmouth and Wakefield. He was Diocesan Chaplain of Wakefield from 1894 to 1896; Vicar of Brighouse from 1896 to 1901; and then of Kirkburton from 1901.  A freemason, he was Grand Chaplain of England in 1926. He was a Member of West Riding County Council from 1913 to 1928.

Clare College, Cambridge
Clare College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. The college was founded in 1326 as University Hall, making it the second-oldest surviving college of the University after Peterhouse. It was refounded in 1338 as Clare Hall by an endowment from Elizabeth de Clare, and took on its current name in 1856. Clare is famous for its chapel choir and for its gardens on the Backs (the rear of the colleges that overlook the River Cam). It is a registered charity.
Marie Anne Isler Béguin
Marie Anne Isler Béguin (born 30 June 1956 in Boulay-Moselle) is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament for the East of France. She is a member of the French Greens, part of the European Greens. She was re-elected in 2004. She sits on the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety and is a substitute for the Committee on Foreign Affairs. She also is the Chairwoman of the delegation of the European parliament to Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia.

European Green Party
The European Green Party (EGP), also referred to as European Greens, is a European political party composed of national parties from across Europe who share Green values.

The European Greens works closely with the Greens–European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) parliamentary group in the European Parliament which is formed by elected Green party members along with the European Free Alliance, European Pirate Party and Volt Europa. The European Greens' partners include its youth wing the Federation of Young European Greens (FYEG), the Green European Foundation (GEF) and the Global Greens family.

Green parties participate in the governments of two countries in Europe: Latvia (The Progressives) and Spain (Catalunya en Comú/Sumar). They also externally support the government in Poland (Zieloni/Civic Coalition).
History of numerical control
The history of numerical control (NC) began when the automation of machine tools first incorporated concepts of abstractly programmable logic, and it continues today with the ongoing evolution of computer numerical control (CNC) technology.

The first NC machines were built in the 1940s and 1950s, based on existing tools that were modified with motors that moved the controls to follow points fed into the system on punched tape. These early servomechanisms were rapidly augmented with analog and digital computers, creating the modern CNC machine tools that have revolutionized the machining processes.

DAC-1
DAC-1, for Design Augmented by Computer, was one of the earliest graphical computer aided design systems. Developed by General Motors, IBM was brought in as a partner in 1960 and the two developed the system and released it to production in 1963. It was publicly unveiled at the Fall Joint Computer Conference in Detroit 1964. GM used the DAC system, continually modified, into the 1970s when it was succeeded by CADANCE.
Debbie Lindley
Debbie Lindley (born 4 June 1973 in Mirfield, West Yorkshire) is an English former television presenter and journalist.

In 1995, Lindley began her career co-presenting weekday breakfast on The Pulse of West Yorkshire, until joining ITV Yorkshire a year later as a weather presenter.

In 2002, Lindley joined Real Radio Yorkshire presenting a late night weekend request show.

In January 2003 she moved to co-present the flagship breakfast show 6-10am, five days a week, alongside Terry Underhill. She returned in 2006 to co-present with Guy Harris and briefly with Darren Kelly, until May 2007. From July 2007 she presented a Saturday morning show, from 10:00–14:00, with a Sunday afternoon show from 13:00–16:00 for a time.

In January 2009 she left ITV Yorkshire (where she also appeared on ITV Border, ITV Granada and ITV Tyne Tees).

In June 2012 she rejoined The Pulse of West Yorkshire co-presenting weekday breakfast, this time alongside Paul Foster until 2014.

Weather presenter
A weather presenter (also known as a weather girl, weatherman or weather broadcaster) is a person who presents the weather forecast daily on radio, television or internet news broadcasts.

Using tools such as projected weather maps, they inform the viewers of the current and future weather conditions, explain underlying reasons, and relay weather hazards and warnings issued for their region, country or larger areas.

A weather presenter is not necessarily qualified as a meteorologist. Preparation to become a weather presenter varies by country and media. It can range from an introduction to meteorology for a television host to a diploma in meteorology from a recognized university.
Veseli, Minnesota
Veseli is an unincorporated community in Wheatland Township, Rice County, Minnesota, United States. The community was incorporated in 1889.  It was named after Veselí nad Lužnicí, in the Czech Republic (South Bohemia), a city whence its early settlers came.  Veseli was one of the four largest communities in Minnesota originally settled by Czech immigrants.

The community is located along Rice County Road 6 (50th Street West) near its junction with Jackson Avenue.

State Highway 19 (MN 19) is in the immediate area, to the east and also to the north.  Veseli is located within ZIP code 55046 based in Lonsdale.

Nearby places include Lonsdale, New Prague, Webster, and Wheatland.

Veseli is the home of the Church of the Most Holy Trinity, known as an architectural landmark for its brick exterior and Italian Romanesque interior.

Minnesota State Highway 19
Minnesota State Highway 19 (MN 19) is a 207.877-mile-long (334.546 km) highway in southern Minnesota, which runs from South Dakota Highway 30 at the South Dakota state line near Ivanhoe and continues east to its eastern terminus at its intersection with U.S. Highway 61 in Red Wing.

The route essentially crosses the state of Minnesota, ending at Red Wing, about five miles (8 km) west of the bridge to Wisconsin.