hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Semler
Semler is an occupational surname derived from the occupation of baker who bakes semmels, i.e., white bread rolls.

Notable people with the surname include:

Andrée Sfeir-Semler (born 1953), art historian and gallery owner

Augustin Semler (1907-?), Romanian footballer

Borut Semler (born 1985), Slovene footballer

Dean Semler (born 1943), Australian cinematographer

Gustav Adolf Semler (1885–1968), German film actor of the silent era

Jack Semler, American ice hockey coach and former player

James "Soldier Boy" Semler, American sports executive, baseball team owner

Johann Salomo Semler (1725–1791), German church historian and Biblical commentator

Leonore Semler (1921–2016), German philanthropist

Ricardo Semler (born 1959), CEO and majority owner of the Brazilian company of Semco SA

Willy Semler (born 1959), Chilean actor

Bread roll
A bread roll is a small, oblong (or round, triangular or rhomboid) individual loaf of bread served as a meal accompaniment (eaten plain or with butter). Rolls can be served and eaten whole or are also commonly cut and filled – the result of doing so is considered a sandwich in English.
Puttgarden station
Puttgarden station was a railway station at the major ferry terminal on the Vogelfluglinie (bird flight line) on the island of Fehmarn in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. It lies between the town of Puttgarden and Marienleuchte.

All rail traffic was discontinued on 31 August 2022. Until 2019, it primarily served the needs of international long distance traffic between Hamburg and Copenhagen, and in 2020-2022 regional traffic to Lübeck. Rail traffic is expected to restart in 2029, but not have stops for passengers in Puttgarden.

Vogelfluglinie
The Vogelfluglinie (German) or Fugleflugtslinjen (Danish) is a transport corridor between Copenhagen, Denmark, and Hamburg, Germany.

As the Danish and German names (literally: bird flight line) imply, the corridor is also an important bird migration route between Arctic Scandinavia and Central Europe.
Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers
Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers is a book on transfinite numbers, by Polish mathematician Wacław Sierpiński. It was published in 1958 by Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, as volume 34 of the series Monografie Matematyczne of the Institute of Mathematics of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Sierpiński wrote on the same topic earlier, in his 1928 book Leçons sur les nombres transfinis, but his 1958 book on the topic was completely rewritten and significantly longer. A second edition of Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers was published in 1965.

Institute of Mathematics of the Polish Academy of Sciences
The Institute of Mathematics of the Polish Academy of Sciences (Polish: Instytut Matematyczny Polskiej Akademii Nauk) is a research institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN) headquartered in Warsaw at 8 Śniadeckich Street.
Illinois's 10th House of Representatives district
Illinois's 10th House of Representatives district is a Representative district within the Illinois House of Representatives located in Cook County, Illinois. It has been represented by Democrat Jawaharial Williams since May 17, 2019. The district was previously represented by Democrat Melissa Conyears-Ervin from 2017 to 2019.

The district includes parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Austin, East Garfield Park, Humboldt Park, Lincoln Park, Logan Square, Near North Side, Near West Side, West Garfield Park, and West Town.

Austin, Chicago
Austin is one of the 77 officially-designated community areas of Chicago in Illinois, United States. Located on the city's West Side, it is the third-largest community area by population (behind the Near North Side and Lake View) and the second-largest geographically (behind South Deering). Austin's eastern boundary is the Belt Railway located just east of Cicero Avenue. Its northernmost border is the Milwaukee District West Line. Its southernmost border is at Roosevelt Road from the Belt Railway west to Austin Boulevard. The northernmost portion, north of North Avenue, extends west to Harlem Avenue, abutting Elmwood Park. In addition to Elmwood Park, Austin also borders the suburbs of Cicero and Oak Park.
Women in Italy
Women in Italy refers to women who are from (or reside in) Italy. The legal and social status of Italian women has undergone rapid transformations and changes during the past decades. This includes family laws, the enactment of anti-discrimination measures, and reforms to the penal code (in particular with regard to crimes of violence against women).

Christine de Pizan
Christine de Pizan or Pisan (French: [kʁistin də pizɑ̃] ⓘ, Middle French: [krisˈtinə də piˈzã]; born Cristina da Pizzano; September 1364 – c. 1430), was an Italian-born French court writer for King Charles VI of France and several French royal dukes, in both prose and poetry.

Christine de Pizan served as a court writer in medieval France after the death of her husband. Christine's patrons included dukes Louis I of Orleans, Philip the Bold of Burgundy, and his son John the Fearless. Considered to be some of the earliest feminist writings, her work includes novels, poetry, and biography, and she also penned literary, historical, philosophical, political, and religious reviews and analyses. Her best known works are The Book of the City of Ladies and The Treasure of the City of Ladies, both prose works written when she worked for John the Fearless of Burgundy. Her books of advice to princesses, princes, and knights remained in print until the 16th century.
Kenney Mencher
Kenney Mencher (born 1965), is an American painter. He is Associate Professor of Art and Art History as well as the director and curator of the Louie-Meager Art Gallery at Ohlone College in Fremont, California, and he has previously taught at institutions including the University of Chicago and Texas A&M University. He is also the author of Liaisons: Readings in Art, Literature and Philosophy, a thematically-framed textbook about how the study of culture relates to students' other classes and to life in general.

Fremont, California
Fremont (/ˈfriːmɒnt/) is a city in Alameda County, California, United States. Located in the East Bay region of the Bay Area, Fremont has a population of 230,504 as of 2020, making it the fourth most populous city in the Bay Area, behind San Jose, San Francisco, and Oakland. It is the closest East Bay city to the high-tech Silicon Valley network of businesses, and has a strong tech industry presence. The city's largest employer is a Tesla manufacturing plant, employing 25,000 people as of 2024.

The city's origins lie in the community that arose around Mission San José, founded in 1797 by the Spanish under Padre Fermín Lasuén. Fremont was incorporated on January 23, 1956, when the former towns of Mission San José, Centerville, Niles, Irvington, and Warm Springs unified into one city. Fremont is named after John C. Frémont, a general who helped lead the American Conquest of California from Mexico and later served as Military Governor of California and then U.S. Senator.
Scott Shackleton
Scott Shackleton is the chairman of the Chippewa County Board of Commissioners, and was a Republican member of the Michigan House of Representatives from 1999 through 2004. He is also a member of the International Bridge Authority, appointed by Governor Rick Snyder in March 2011.

Prior to his election to the House, Shackleton served on the Sault Ste. Marie City Commission, from 1993 through 1998. He was also news director for WSOO and WSUE.

WSUE
WSUE (101.3 FM) is a radio station in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. Currently owned by Sovereign Communications, the station broadcasts an album-oriented rock (AOR) format with the brand name Rock 101. WSUE features a similar brand identity and playlist as Sovereign Communications' other rock station in the Upper Peninsula, WIMK in Iron Mountain, and since 2010, is the only FM rock radio station directly serving Michigan's Eastern Upper Peninsula and Ontario's Algoma District.
Riverview (Port Royal, Virginia)
Riverview, or Lightfoot House, is a historic home located at Port Royal, Caroline County, Virginia. It was built about 1845–1846, and is a two-story, five bay frame structure with a double-pile plan in the Greek Revival style.  It has a hipped roof and sits on a brick basement.  Also on the property is a contributing meathouse.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.  It is located in the Port Royal Historic District

Port Royal, Virginia
Port Royal is an incorporated town in Caroline County, Virginia, United States. As of the 2020 census, Port Royal had a population of 196.

Port Royal was established in the mid-17th century in the Colony of Virginia primarily as a port at the head of the navigable reach of the Rappahannock River for export of tobacco, Virginia's cash crop.  The town developed along an early stage road, which brought passengers and freight for embarkation on ships at the river. It is near the crossroads of the busy modern highways of U.S. Route 17 and U.S. Route 301.
Enders Reservoir State Recreation Area
Enders Reservoir State Recreation Area (SRA) is a state recreation area in southwestern Nebraska, United States. The recreation area surrounds the Enders Reservoir, a reservoir on Frenchman's Creek, approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Enders, or about 7.5 miles (12.1 km) southeast of Imperial. The recreation area is managed by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. There are camping, fishing, swimming, and other recreational opportunities available.

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission
The Nebraska Game and Parks Commission (NGPC) is the State of Nebraska's State agency charged with stewardship of the state's fish, wildlife, state park, and outdoor recreation resources. The agency is led by a governor-appointed member commission consisting of 9 commissioners which directs agency management. The commission is also charged with issuing of state hunting licenses, fishing licenses, and boat registrations. The agency also manages State Parks and recreation areas throughout the state. It conducts public education programs for hunting and boating safety. The agency is headquartered in Lincoln, Nebraska.
Ladrón (song)
"Ladrón" (English: "Thief") is a song by Argentine singer Lali and Argentine rapper Cazzu, from Lali's fourth studio album, Libra (2020). It was written by Lali, Cazzu, FMK and its producer Big One. Through Sony Music Argentina, the song was released exactly one hour before Lali surprise-released Libra on November 12, 2020.

Lali and Cazzu are often referred to as the maximum exponents of pop and trap, respectively, in Argentina's music scene, what created high expectations and anticipation for the song. The song received an award for Song of the Year at the 23rd Annual Gardel Awards.

Cazzu
Julieta Emilia Cazzuchelli (born 16 December 1993), known professionally as Cazzu, is an Argentine rapper, singer, poet and writer. Born and raised in Fraile Pintado, Jujuy, she gained popularity with her singles "Loca", "Toda", "Pa Mi" and "Chapiadora".
Williams Bay High School
Williams Bay High School is a 4-year public high school located in Williams Bay, Wisconsin. The school enrollment is approximately 181 students. The school district serves the village of Williams Bay, and the towns of Delavan, Linn, Walworth, and Geneva.

Geneva, Wisconsin
Geneva is a town in Walworth County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 5,390 at the 2020 census. The census-designated place of Como is located in the town. The unincorporated community of Lake Como is also located in the town.
Dieter Ilg
Dieter Josef Ilg (born September 30, 1961 in Offenburg) is a German jazz double-bassist.

He worked early in his career with Joe Viera in the early 1980s, then with Randy Brecker, the WDR Big Band, Bennie Wallace, Albert Mangelsdorff, Wolfgang Dauner, Charlie Mariano, Marc Copland, Jeff Hirshfield, Wolfgang Muthspiel and others. He has taught at Rockschool Freiburg and the Freiburg Conservatory.

Randy Brecker
Randal Edward Brecker (born November 27, 1945) is an American trumpeter, flugelhornist, and composer.  His versatility has made him a popular studio musician who has recorded with acts in jazz, rock, and R&B.
Xylose isomerase
In enzymology, a xylose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of
d-xylose and d-xylulose. This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically those intramolecular oxidoreductases interconverting aldoses and ketoses. The isomerase has now been observed in nearly a hundred species of bacteria. Xylose-isomerases are also commonly called glucose isomerase or fructose isomerases due to their ability to interconvert glucose and fructose. The systematic name of this enzyme class is α-D-xylopyranose aldose-ketose-isomerase. Other names in common use include d-xylose isomerase, d-xylose ketoisomerase, and d-xylose ketol-isomerase.

Ketose
In organic chemistry, a ketose is a monosaccharide containing one ketone (>C=O) group per molecule. The simplest ketose is dihydroxyacetone ((CH2OH)2C=O), which has only three carbon atoms. It is the only ketose with no optical activity. All monosaccharide ketoses are reducing sugars, because they can tautomerize into aldoses via an enediol intermediate, and the resulting aldehyde group can be oxidised, for example in the Tollens' test or Benedict's test. Ketoses that are bound into glycosides, for example in the case of the fructose moiety of sucrose, are nonreducing sugars.
Yunnanocaris
Yunnanocaris megista is a species of Cambrian bivalved arthropod known from the Chengjiang biota and described by Hou Xianguang in 1999. It is known only from isolated carapaces and its soft anatomy remains unknown. The classification of Yunnanocaris is uncertain, although its carapace has been noted to be similar to that of other Cambrian bivalved arthropods such as Chuandianella. In a 2018 redescription of Waptia, Yunnanocaris was proposed to be a member of Hymenocarina, a group of mandibulate bivalved arthropods.

Mandibulata
The clade Mandibulata constitutes one of the major subdivisions of the phylum Arthropoda, alongside Chelicerata. Mandibulates include the myriapods (centipedes and millipedes, among others), and the pancrustaceans (including all true insects). The name "Mandibulata" refers to the mandibles, a modified pair of limbs used in food processing, the presence of which are characteristic of most members of the group.

The mandibulates are divided between the extant groups Myriapoda (millipedes and centipedes, among others) and Pancrustacea (including crustaceans and hexapods, the latter group containing insects). Molecular phylogenetic studies suggest that the living arthropods are related as shown in the cladogram below. Crustaceans do not form a monophyletic group as insects and other hexapods have evolved from within them.

A number of extinct groups have also been placed in Mandibulata, including Hymenocarina, Euthycarcinoidea, and Fuxianhuiida.

Cladogram after O’Flynn et al, 2023:
Cosmopepla lintneriana
Cosmopepla lintneriana, the twice-stabbed stink bug, is a species of insect in the family Pentatomidae. Cosmopepla lintneriana was first described in 1798 by Johan Christian Fabricius as Cimex carnifex, and then again in 1865 by Thomas Say as Cosmopepla bimaculata. Cosmopepla lintneriana is hosted by a variety of plants, including milk thistle, echinacea, asparagus, oats, mint and goldenrod, and is widespread throughout North America, from Canada to Mexico. Adult C. lintneriana are black with a red, orange, or yellow band across the pronotum and a short red stripe along the midline, and two red spots at the apex of the scutellum. Nymph coloration ranges from red to white with black markings that change as they grow.

Scutellum (insect anatomy)
The scutellum is the posterior portion of either the mesonotum or the metanotum of an insect thorax; however, it is used almost exclusively in the former context, as the metanotum is rather reduced in most insect groups. In the Hemiptera, and some Coleoptera, the scutellum is a small triangular plate behind the pronotum and between the forewing bases. In Diptera and Hymenoptera, the scutellum is nearly always distinct, but much smaller than (and immediately posterior to) the mesoscutum.

Scutellum in various types of insect

26 = Heteroptera scutellum

6 = Diptera scutellum

9 = Coleoptera scutellum

10 = Formicidae scutellum
Pdfimages
pdfimages is an open-source command-line utility for lossless extraction of images from PDF files. pdfimages can extract images embedded within PDFs as PPM/PBM, PNG, TIFF, JPEG, JPEG2000, and JBIG2 files and can convert and output images to any of the formats it can extract. It is freely available as part of poppler-utils and xpdf-utils, and included in many Linux distributions.

pdfimages originates from the xpdf package (but now part of poppler-utils). The Poppler software package, which is derived from xpdf, also includes an implementation of pdfimages.

JBIG2
JBIG2 is an image compression standard for bi-level images, developed by the Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group. It is suitable for both lossless and lossy compression.  According to a press release from the Group, in its lossless mode JBIG2 typically generates files 3–5 times smaller than Fax Group 4 and 2–4 times smaller than JBIG, the previous bi-level compression standard released by the Group. JBIG2 was published in 2000 as the international standard ITU T.88, and in 2001 as ISO/IEC 14492.
1903 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team
The 1903 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team was an American football team that represented New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts (now known as New Mexico State University) as an independent during the 1903 college football season. In their fourth year under head coach John O. Miller, the Aggies compiled a 2–0–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 34 to 0. The team played home games on College Field, later renamed Miller Field in honor of coach Miller.

1903 college football season
The 1903 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Michigan and Princeton as having been selected national champions.

The season took place during an era when college football was rapidly growing in popularity, with new concrete stadiums and large crowds, but also widespread concern over injuries and the violent style of play.
Downspout
A downspout, waterspout, downpipe, drain spout, drainpipe, roof drain pipe, rone or leader is a pipe for carrying rainwater from a rain gutter.

The purpose of a downspout is to allow water from a gutter to reach the ground without dripping or splashing down the building structure. Downspouts are usually vertical and usually extend down to ground level, although may be routed at an angle to avoid architectural features and may discharge onto an intermediate roof.

At the bottom of downspout there are typically features to divert discharged water away from the building's foundations to prevent water damage. This may be a simple bend of, typically around 70 degrees, at the bottom. Alternatively a downspout may lead to a sewer, a runoff water drain or a seepway to allow the water to soak into the ground through seepage.

Decorative heads are sometimes added, these being low-height gargoyles.

Seepage
In soil mechanics, seepage is the movement of water through soil. If fluid pressures in a soil deposit are uniformly increasing with depth according to , where  is the depth below the water table, then hydrostatic conditions will prevail and the fluids will not be flowing through the soil. However, if the water table is sloping or there is a perched water table as indicated in the accompanying sketch, then seepage will occur. For steady state seepage, the seepage velocities are not varying with time. If the water tables are changing levels with time, or if the soil is in the process of consolidation, then steady state conditions do not apply.
Dalibor Janda
Dalibor Janda (born 21 March 1953) is a Czech pop and rock singer, lyricist, and composer, whose popularity peaked in the 1980s. Between 1986 and 1988, he won the Zlatý slavík award three years in a row.

Zlatý slavík
Zlatý slavík (English: "golden nightingale") was a Czechoslovak music poll and award of the same name established by the magazine Mladý svět in 1962, and broadcast on television. It was held until 1991, when Český slavík took its place. After the dissolution of Czechoslovakia at the end of 1992 and its division into Czechia and Slovakia, the latter got its own award, named Slovenský slávik. Karel Gott was both the first and most highly decorated recipient of Zlatý slavík.
Iranian Georgians
Iranian Georgians or Persian Georgians (Georgian: ირანის ქართველები; Persian: گرجی‌های ایران) are Iranian citizens who are ethnically Georgian. Present day Georgia was a subject of Iran in ancient times under the Achaemenid and Sassanian empires, spanning the Safavid and Qajar eras. Several Iranian rulers, such as Shah Abbas I, forcibly relocated hundreds of thousands of Georgian Christians and Jews. These measures were enacted to weaken the Qizilbash and promote economic growth. Many of them also migrated voluntarily, including the nobility  as well as some that moved as muhajirs in the 19th century to Iran, following the Russian conquest of the Caucasus. The Georgian community of Fereydunshahr has retained its distinct Georgian identity to this day, despite Islamisation and adopting certain aspects of Iranian culture such as the Persian language.

Culture of Iran
The culture of Iran (Persian: فرهنگ ایران) or culture of Persia is one of the oldest and among the most influential in the world. Iran (Persia) is widely regarded as one of the cradles of civilization. Because of its dominant geopolitical position in the world, it has heavily influenced peoples and cultures situated in Southern and Eastern Europe to the west; Central Asia to the north; and South Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia to the east. Iranian history has significantly influenced the world through art, architecture, poetry, science and technology, medicine, philosophy, and engineering.

An "eclectic cultural elasticity" has been said to be one of the key defining characteristics of the Iranian identity and a clue to its historical longevity.
Siliva Siliva
Siliva Siliva (born 11 February 1991) is an Australian rugby union player who plays for the Brumbies in Super Rugby. His playing position is hooker. He was previously a member of the Western Force squad for the 2011 Super Rugby season although he did not make any first-team appearances. He made his Super Rugby debut for the Brumbies against the Reds in 2013.

Siliva represented Australia under 20 at the 2011 IRB Junior World Championship.

His cousin Aaron Edwards has played AFL with West Coast Eagles, North Melbourne and Richmond; his second cousin Maria Tutaia played netball for the New Zealand Silver Ferns and another second cousin, Keith Peters, played rugby league for Penrith Panthers and Papua New Guinea.

Australia national under-20 rugby union team
The Australia national under-20 rugby union team, nicknamed the Junior Wallabies, is the national under-20 rugby union team that represents Australia. The team has been competing at the annual World Rugby U20 Championship since it began in 2008, replacing the previously held under-19 and under-21 championships. The team also competes at the Oceania U20 Championship as of 2015 and the U20 Rugby Championship since 2024.

Australia's highest finish at the World Rugby U20 Championship was second-place in 2010 and 2019. The team finished third in 2011 by beating France in the third place playoff, and fourth in 2009 after losing to South Africa 32–5 in the third place playoff. The Junior Wallabies also finished second in the first four editions of the Oceania U20 Championship before being crowned champions in 2019 after defeating New Zealand 24–0.