hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
18th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Marmaduke's)
The 18th Arkansas Infantry Regiment or the 3rd Confederate Infantry Regiment (also known as "Marmaduke's regiment") was an infantry formation of the Confederate States Army in the Western Theater of the American Civil War.

The unit was also briefly identified as the 1st Arkansas Infantry Battalion. The unit was most often referred to as the 3rd Confederate Infantry Regiment. The designation "Confederate Infantry Regiment" was intended to convey the difference between Provisional Confederate Army units and Regular Confederate Army Units, with Provisional units being those regiments who received a state designation such as "XX Arkansas Infantry Regiment". In practice, the designation was most often utilized when Regiments were assembled utilizing companies from more than one Confederate state. The "3rd Confederate Infantry Regiment" is occasionally misidentified as the 3rd Arkansas Infantry Regiment commanded by Colonel Van H. Manning.

Confederate Heartland Offensive
The Confederate Heartland Offensive (August 14 – October 10, 1862), also known as the Kentucky Campaign,  was an American Civil War campaign conducted by the Confederate States Army in Tennessee and Kentucky where Generals Braxton Bragg and Edmund Kirby Smith tried to draw neutral Kentucky into the Confederacy by outflanking Union troops under Major General Don Carlos Buell. Though they scored some successes, notably a tactical win at Perryville, they soon retreated, leaving Kentucky primarily under Union control for the rest of the war.
Francolini
Francolini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Francolini (born 1973), British actress

Balthazar Francolini (1650–1709), Italian Jesuit theologian

David Francolini (born 1969), British drummer

Francesca Francolini (born 1979), Italian softball player

Riccardo Francolini, Panamanian banker

Balthazar Francolini
Balthazar Francolini (1650–1709) was a Jesuit theologian. He was born in Fermo and became a professor of philosophy at the Gregorian University in Rome. He was an attritionist, holding that imperfect contrition (attritio) was sufficient to receive the sacrament. He opposed the more rigorous heresy of Jansenism, writing Clericus Romanus Contra Nimium Rigorismum Munitus in 1707.
Bidhannagar Road railway station
Bidhannagar Road (formerly known as Ultadanga Road) is a  Kolkata Suburban Railway junction station on the Sealdah–Ranaghat line. Its code is BNXR. It is linked to the Sealdah South lines via Sir Gurudas Banerjee Halt railway station. It is located in Ultadanga, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It serves Ultadanga, Kankurgachi, Salt Lake and other surrounding areas in Kolkata.

Bidhannagar
Bidhannagar, also known as Salt Lake City, is a city and a municipal corporation of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Bidhannagar subdivision. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA) and is located on the north-eastern side of Kolkata.

Bidhannagar's Salt lake is a planned region of Kolkata. It was planned and developed between 1958 and 1965 to accommodate the burgeoning population of Kolkata. Bidhannagar (including Salt lake) in Kolkata metropolitan area is under the administration of Bidhannagar Municipal Corporation. Keeping with its original name, it is commonly referred to as Salt Lake City.

The city is considered the main IT hub of Eastern India and Kolkata, West Bengal. The Nabadiganta Industrial area of Bidhannagar has always played a key role in the economic health of the city area. As of April 2019, Sector V of Bidhannagar had approximately 1,500 companies.
Roy Williams (basketball player)
Roy Edward Williams (July 8, 1927 – September 14, 2020) was a Canadian basketball player who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics. He was born in Winnipeg. Williams was part of the Canadian basketball team, which was eliminated after the group stage in the 1952 tournament. He played all six matches. He was inducted into the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame in 2009.

Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame and Museum
The Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame and Museum is a Canadian museum in Winnipeg, Manitoba, dedicated to honoring the history and achievements of sports in Manitoba. The organization began in 1980, and then opened a museum in The Forks in 1993. After five years, the museum moved to The Bay store on Portage Avenue. Its present-day location is the Sport Manitoba building (145 Pacific Ave.), where it had its grand opening on October 27, 2012.

Exhibits of Manitoba's sports teams and honoured athletes are displayed in the museum.

The Hall of Fame inducts both individuals as well as teams.
Concord of Sweet Sounds
The Concord of Sweet Sounds is a 1963 Australian television play starring Stuart Wagstaff, directed by Henri Safran and written by Patricia Hooker. Henry Gilbert played a musical genius. Australian TV drama was relatively rare at the time.

Henri Safran
Henri Safran (born 7 October 1932) is a Paris-born director who worked extensively in Australia. He worked in French television, then in Britain, before moving to Australia in 1960 to work with the ABC. He became an Australian citizen in 1963 but returned to England in 1966 to work on British television. He returned to Australia again in the mid-1970s.

In Australia in the 1960s he formed a notable collaboration with Patricia Hooker.
Famous Players
Famous Players Limited Partnership was a Canadian-based subsidiary of Cineplex Entertainment. As an independent company, it existed as a film exhibitor and cable television service provider. Famous Players operated numerous movie theatre locations in Canada from British Columbia to Newfoundland and Labrador. Founded in 1920, this company was owned by Viacom Canada but was sold to Cineplex Galaxy LP (now Cineplex Entertainment) in 2005.

The Famous Players brand name and its sub-banners continued to be used in the majority of its theatres until 2022 when Cineplex phased out the name in favour of the "Cineplex Cinemas" banner, although the SilverCity name continues to be used. Prior to its retirement, Famous Players operated its theatres under its traditional namesake, SilverCity, Paramount, Coliseum, and Colossus brands.

Film distribution
Film distribution, also called film exhibition or film distribution and exhibition, is the process of making a film available for viewing to an audience. This is normally the task of a professional film distributor, who would determine the marketing and release strategy for the film, the media by which a film is to be exhibited or made available for viewing and other matters. The film may be exhibited directly to the public either through a movie theater, physical media (DVD, Blu-ray), digital download/transactional video on demand (VOD) (sale or rental), subscription VOD (e.g. Amazon Prime Video, Apple TV+, Disney+, Netflix) or television programs through broadcast syndication. For commercial projects, film distribution is usually accompanied by film promotion.
Roman Theatre, St Albans
The Roman Theatre at St Albans, Hertfordshire, England is an excavated site within the Roman walled city of Verulamium. Although there are other Roman theatres in Britain (for example at Camulodunum), the one at Verulamium is claimed to be the only example of its kind, being a theatre with a stage rather than an amphitheatre.

The theatre differs from the typical Roman theatre in being built on a site that is only slightly sloping (where possible Roman theatres took advantage of the natural terrain), and in its plan (although there are theatres with similar plans in Northern Gaul).
The theatre was built in about 140AD. Urban life continued in Verulamium into the 5th century. However, by that time the theatre had fallen into disuse.  It was used as a rubbish dump in the 4th century.

St Albans
St Albans (/sənt ˈɔːlbənz/) is a cathedral city in Hertfordshire, England, east of Hemel Hempstead and west of Hatfield, 20 miles (32 km) north-west of London, 8 miles (13 km) south-west of Welwyn Garden City and 11 miles (18 km) south-east of Luton. St Albans was the first major town on the old Roman road of Watling Street for travellers heading north and became the city of Verulamium. It has a population of 82,146.
Pac-Man (shogi)
In shogi, the Pac-Man (パックマン pakkuman or 4四歩パックマン yon-yon-fu pakkuman) is a trap opening.

It is named after the video game Pac-Man.

The opening was called 4四歩パックリ yon-yon-fu pakkuri on the NHK shogi television show Shogi Focus (将棋フォーカス) to avoid use of the trademark.

The opening has an early pawn gambit made by White on the fourth file which may be metaphorically eaten by Black's bishop as if by Pac-Man. If Black takes the pawn with their bishop without careful thought, then the trap may succeed.

Six professional shogi players – Yoshiharu Habu, Yasumitsu Satō, Toshiyuki Moriuchi, Kōji Tanigawa, Akira Watanabe, Takeshi Fujii – agreed that the opening puts White at a disadvantage.

Kōji Tanigawa
Kōji Tanigawa (谷川 浩司, Tanigawa Kōji; born April 6, 1962) is a Japanese professional shogi player ranked 9-dan. He is the 17th Lifetime Meijin and also a former president of the Japan Shogi Association (JSA).
N. Kesavan
N. Kesavan (d. 2011) was an Indian politician from Puducherry. He served as Member of the Legislative Assembly from Lawspet assembly constituency from 1996 to 2001. He was appointed as Government Whip in Puducherry Legislative Assembly during his tenure.

Lawspet Assembly constituency
Lawspet is a legislative assembly constituency in the Union territory of Puducherry in India. Lawspet Assembly constituency is a part of Puducherry Lok Sabha constituency. It is currently represented by M. Vaidianathan of the Indian National Congress in the fourteenth legislative assembly.
Headlong (Frayn novel)
Headlong is a novel by Michael Frayn, published in 1999. The plot centres on the discovery of a long-lost painting from Pieter Bruegel's series The Months. The story is essentially a farce, but contains references to a large amount of scholarship, most prominently the work of Erwin Panofsky, about the Bruegel's work. Following Panofsky, Frayn distinguishes between the iconology and iconography of the paintings and suggests that rather than simply being a series of pastoral images they symbolise a Dutch populace undergoing great suffering as a result of Spanish rule.

The novel was shortlisted for the 1999 Booker Prize.  An abridged version by Paul Kent and read by Martin Jarvis was first broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in 1999.  A dramatized radio play directed by Clive Brill and produced by Ann Scott was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in 2013.

Erwin Panofsky
Erwin Panofsky (March 30, 1892 – March 14, 1968) was a German-Jewish art historian whose work represents a high point in the modern academic study of iconography, including his hugely influential Renaissance and Renascences in Western Art and his seminal Early Netherlandish Painting.

Panofsky's ideas were highly influential in intellectual history in general, particularly in his use of historical ideas to interpret artworks and vice versa. Many of his books are still in print, including Studies in Iconology: Humanist Themes in the Art of the Renaissance (1939), Meaning in the Visual Arts (1955), and his 1943 study The Life and Art of Albrecht Dürer. His academic career was pursued mostly in the U.S. after the rise of the Nazi regime.
Clell D. Elwood
Clell D. Elwood (August 9, 1924 – March 25, 2018) was an American politician in the state of South Dakota. He was a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives and South Dakota Senate. He was an alumnus of the College of Idaho and was a businessman owning an insurance company, as well as an insurance agent.

South Dakota House of Representatives
The South Dakota House of Representatives is the lower house of the South Dakota Legislature. It consists of 70 members, two from each legislative district. Two of the state's 35 legislative districts, Districts 26 and 28, are each subdivided into two single-member districts (26A/26B and 28A/28B). The South Dakota House of Representatives meets at the South Dakota State Capitol in Pierre.
SS Ava
There have been several vessels named "Ava", including:

SS Ava (1855)  – British steamship  built in 1855 and operated by the Peninsular & Oriental Steam Navigation Company on the China mail service; she ran aground and was wrecked off the coast of Ceylon in February 1858.

SS Ava (1862) – Steamship built 1862, operated between India and Burma, scrapped 1890.

SS Ava (1873) – Steamship built 1873, owned by British India Steam Navigation Co. Ltd., sunk 1879 following collision  at the mouth of the Hooghly River.

SS Ava (1895) – Steamship built 1895, ran aground near Mawlamyine in 1905.

SS Ava (1906) – Steamship built 1906, torpedoed and sunk by a German U-boat SW of Ireland, January 1917.

SS Ava (1855)
The SS Ava was a 1,613 GRT British steamship, constructed in 1855 by the Tod & McGregor shipyard in Glasgow. Described as  "an iron screw barque with one funnel", she was operated by the Peninsular & Oriental Steam Navigation Company on the China mail service and was named after Ava, the ancient capital of Burma. She ran aground and was wrecked off the coast of Ceylon in February 1858.
Emmanuel Episcopal Church (Port Conway, Virginia)
Emmanuel Episcopal Church is an historic Episcopal church located on the west side of U.S. Route 301, just north of the Rappahannock River in Port Conway, Virginia, in the United States. Emmanuel Church and its historic graveyard are located in front of Belle Grove. In 1751, future President James Madison was born at Belle Grove, the childhood home of his mother, Eleanor Rose "Nelly" Conway. On January 7, 1987, Emmanuel Church was added to the National Register of Historic Places. The pipe organ, built by Henry Erben, is original to the building and is in continual use during services.

Eleanor Madison
Eleanor Rose Madison (née Conway; January 9, 1731 – February 11, 1829) was a Virginia socialite and planter who was the mother of James Madison Jr., the 4th president of the United States and Lieutenant General William Madison. She has been described as one of the strongest influences in the life of her eldest son, James Madison Jr., and has been credited for her efforts to preserve the Montpelier estate.
North Dallas High School
North Dallas High School is a public secondary school located in the Oak Lawn area of Dallas, Texas, United States. It enrolls students in grades 9-12 and is a part of the Dallas Independent School District. As of 2017, the principal administrator is Katherine Eska.

In 2015, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency. In 2017, the school earned state distinctions in the areas of Math and Closing Achievement Gaps.

Ninth grade
Ninth grade (also 9th or Grade 9) is the ninth year of formal or compulsory education in some countries. It is generally part of high school or secondary school depending on the country. Students in ninth grade are usually 14–15 years old.
Urosalpinx cinerea
Urosalpinx cinerea, common name the eastern oyster drill, Atlantic oyster drill, or just oyster drill, is a species of small predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murexes or rock snails.

This snail uses chemoreception to locate its invertebrate prey, which is typically a sessile or encrusting organism that is unable to escape its pursuer. The chemoreception hunting strategy involves detecting microscopic particles that its prey releases into the sea water.

The Atlantic oyster drill is a serious problem in commercial oyster beds, and it has been accidentally introduced well outside its natural range.

Sessility (motility)
Sessility, a property of certain animals, is a lack of self-locomotion. Sessile animals do not have natural motility, and are immobile unless there are external forces (such as water currents). Usually, sessile animals are permanently attached to a solid object, such as a rock, a dead tree trunk, or a human-made object such as a buoy or ship's hull. Organisms such as corals lay down their own substrate from which they grow.

Biological sessility differs from the botanical concept of sessility, which refers to an organism or biological structure attached directly by its base without a stalk.
Dorsa Smirnov
Dorsa Smirnov is a wrinkle ridge system at 27°18′N 25°18′E﻿ / ﻿27.3°N 25.3°E﻿ / 27.3; 25.3 in eastern Mare Serenitatis on the Moon. It is 222 km long and was named after Soviet geologist Sergei Sergeevich Smirnov by the IAU in 1976.

The small crater Very is adjacent to the Dorsa.  Dorsa Lister are roughly parallel with Dorsa Smirnov and to the south of them.  Dorsa Aldrovandi are roughly parallel to Dorsa Smirnov and to the east at the edge of the mare.

Wrinkle ridge
A wrinkle ridge is a type of feature commonly found on lunar maria, or basalt plains. These features are low, sinuous ridges formed on the mare surface that can extend for up to several hundred kilometers. Wrinkle ridges are tectonic features created after the lava cooled and solidified. They frequently outline ring structures buried within the mare, follow circular patterns outlining the mare, or intersect protruding peaks. They are sometimes called veins due to their resemblance to the veins that protrude from beneath the skin.
William Sydney Robinson
William Sydney Robinson FAA (1876–1963), was an Australian businessman, industrialist, and diplomat. He founded Western Mining Corporation in Australia in 1933.

He was an admirer of Winston Churchill.

Australian Academy of Science
The Australian Academy of Science is a scientific academy. It was founded in 1954 by a group of distinguished Australians, including Australian Fellows of the Royal Society of London, after its forerunner, the Australian National Research Council had been dissolved.  The Academy Secretariat is in Canberra, at the Shine Dome.
Farleton Knott
Farleton Knott is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in Cumbria, England. It is located 6km west of Kirkby Lonsdale, near Farleton. This protected area includes an exceptional limestone pavement on the top of a hill called Farleton Fell. Farleton Knott SSSI includes within its boundary Newbiggin Crags, Holme Park Fell and a National Nature Reserve called Clawthorpe Fell (Clawthorpe Fell is an island of limestone pavement within a quarry called Holme Park Quarry).

Kirkby Lonsdale
Kirkby Lonsdale (/ˈkɜːrbi ˈlɒnzdeɪl/) is a town and civil parish in the Westmorland and Furness district of Cumbria, England, on the River Lune. Historically in Westmorland, it lies 13 miles (21 km) south-east of Kendal on the A65. The parish recorded a population of 1,771 in the 2001 census, increasing to 1,843 at the 2011 Census.

Notable buildings include St Mary's Church, a Norman building with fine carved columns. The view of the River Lune from the churchyard is known as Ruskin's View after John Ruskin, who called it one of the loveliest in England. It was painted by J. M. W. Turner.
Girl from Sweden
"Girl from Sweden"  is a song by Swedish singer Eric Saade. The song was released as a digital download on 22 May 2015 through Roxy Recordings. The song did not enter the Swedish Singles Chart, but peaked at number 1 on the Swedish Heatseeker Chart.

Eric Saade
Eric Khaled Saade ([ˈêːrɪk saˈâːdɛ] ⓘ; Arabic: إريك خالد سعادة, romanized: ʾĪrik Ḵālid Saʿāda, Lebanese Arabic: [ˈʔeːrɪk ˈxæːlɪd saˈʕæːde]; born 29 October 1990) is a Swedish singer-songwriter. He spent two years with the boy band What's Up!, leaving the band in February 2009 to pursue a solo career. Saade represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 with the song "Popular", finishing in third place.
Tachistoscope
A tachistoscope is a device that displays a picture, text, or an object for a specific amount of time. It can be used for various purposes such as to increase recognition speed, to show something too fast to be consciously recognized, or to test which elements of a display are memorable.

Early tachistoscopes were mechanical, using a flat masking screen containing a window. The screen concealed the picture or text until the screen moved, at a known speed, the window over the picture or text, revealing it. The screen continued to move until it hid the picture or text again. Later tachistoscopes used a shutter system typical of a camera in conjunction with a slide or transparency projector. Even later, tachistoscopes used brief illumination, such as from fast-onset and fast-offset fluorescent lamps, of the material to be displayed. By the late 1990s, tachistoscopes had largely been replaced by computers for displaying pictures and text.

Overhead projector
An overhead projector (often abbreviated to OHP), like a film or slide projector, uses light to project an enlarged image on a screen, allowing the view of a small document or picture to be shared with a large audience.

In the overhead projector, the source of the image is a page-sized sheet of transparent plastic film (also known as "viewfoils", "foils", "acetate" or "transparencies") with the image to be projected either printed or hand-written/drawn. These transparent sheets are placed on the glass platen of the projector, which has a light source below it and a projecting mirror and lens assembly above it (hence, "overhead"). They were widely used in education and business before the advent of video projectors.
Yaran language
The Yaran language, also called Bindjali, is an extinct language spoken in the state of South Australia by the Bodaruwitj. The name Yaran specifically refers to the variety spoken around the Padthaway district. William Haynes, an earlier resident of the area, provided E.M.Curr with two distinct vocabularies of the area, which he designated as that of the Tatiara. Norman Tindale compiled a word-list relying on information supplied to him by Milerum, whose mother Lakwunami was a Potaruwutj from the Keilira region. R.M: Dixon managed to elicit a vocabulary of Bindjali from a Bordertown informant, Bertie Pinkie, as late as 1973. In his classification, Polinjunga, one of the alternative names for the Bodaruwitj, or a clan name of the same, is listed as a dialect of the Bungandidj-Kuurn Kopan Noot subgroup of the Kulinic languages.

Bungandidj language
Bungandidj is a language of Australia, spoken by the Bungandidj people, Indigenous Australians who lived in an area which is now in south-eastern South Australia and in south-western Victoria. According to Christina Smith and her book on the Buandig people, the Bungandidj called their language drualat-ngolonung (speech of man), or Booandik-ngolo (speech of the Booandik). As of 2017, there is a revival and maintenance programme under way for the language.

Historical variants of the name include: Bunganditj, Bungandaetch, Bunga(n)daetcha, Bungandity, Bungandit, Buganditch, Bungaditj, Pungantitj, Pungatitj, Booganitch, Buanditj, Buandik, Booandik, Boandiks, Bangandidj, Bungandidjk, Pungandik, Bak-on-date, Barconedeet, Booandik-ngolo, Borandikngolo, Bunganditjngolo, and Burhwundeirtch.