hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heck's disease
Heck's disease, also known as focal (or multifocal) epithelial hyperplasia, is an asymptomatic, benign neoplastic condition characterized by multiple white to pinkish papules that occur diffusely in the mouth.: 411  It can present with slightly pale, smooth or roughened surface morphology. It is caused by the human papilloma virus types 13 and 32. It exhibits surface cells with vacuolated cytoplasm around irregular, pyknotic nuclei and occasional cells with mitosis-like changes within otherwise mature and well-differentiated epithelium. A distinguishing histologic feature is elongated rete ridges with mitosoid bodies. It shows "cobblestone" appearance clinically. It was first identified among young Native American patients in the 1960s.

Over time, the papules will spontaneously regress without treatment. Possible treatment may be excisional biopsy for lesions of functional or aesthetic concern.

Papule
A papule is a small, well-defined bump in the skin. It may have a rounded, pointed or flat top, and may have a dip. It can appear with a stalk, be thread-like or look warty. It can be soft or firm and its surface may be rough or smooth. Some have crusts or scales. A papule can be flesh colored, yellow, white, brown, red, blue or purplish. There may be just one or many, and they may occur irregularly in different parts of the body or appear in clusters. It does not contain fluid but may progress to a pustule or vesicle. A papule is smaller than a nodule; it can be as tiny as a pinhead and is typically less than 1 cm in width, according to some sources, and 0.5 cm according to others. When merged together, it appears as a plaque.

A papule's colour might indicate its cause, such as white in milia, red in eczema, yellowish in xanthoma and black in melanoma. They may open when scratched and become infected and crusty.
Alexander Butyagin
Alexander Mikhailovich Butyagin (Russian: Александр Михайлович Бутягин; born 1971) is a Russian archaeologist and classical scholar, a Candidate of Historical Sciences, and a science communicator.
He is the head of the Sector of Archaeology of the Northern Black Sea region in the Department of the Ancient World at the State Hermitage Museum.
Since 1999, he has served as the head of the Myrmekion Archaeological Expedition, which studies the ruins of the ancient (Greek, then Bosporan and Roman) city of Myrmekion in present-day Kerch.

Candidate of Sciences
A Candidate of Sciences is a PhD-equivalent academic research degree established by the Soviet Union. Since the 1990s, it has been replaced by a Doctor of Philosophy degree in many post-soviet Central and Eastern European countries, but is still offered in others, particularly Russia. It is officially classified by UNESCO as ISCED level 8: doctoral or equivalent. In countries that confer a Candidate of Sciences degree, a more advanced degree, Doctor of Sciences, is usually conferred as a higher doctorate.

The Candidate of Sciences degree may be recognized as a Doctor of Philosophy, usually in natural sciences, by scientific institutions in other countries.
All United for Saint Barthélemy
All United for Saint Barthélemy (Tous unis pour St-Barthélemy) is a political party in Saint Barthélemy, led by Karine Miot-Richard. It won in the 1 July 2007 Territorial Council elections 1 out of 19 seats.

2007 Saint Barthélemy Territorial Council election
Elections to the Territorial Council were held in the French overseas collectivity of Saint Barthélemy for the first time on 1 July 2007. Since Bruno Magras, the incumbent mayor of Saint Barthélemy, got an absolute majority in the first round, a second round was not held. If a second round had been necessary, it would have been held on 8 July 2007.
Alfacalcidol
Alfacalcidol (or 1-hydroxycholecalciferol) is an analogue of vitamin D used for supplementation in humans and as a poultry feed additive.

Alfacalcidol has a weaker impact on calcium metabolism and parathyroid hormone levels than calcitriol; but significant effects on the immune system, including regulatory T cells. It is considered to be a more useful form of vitamin D supplementation, mostly due to its much longer half-life and lower kidney load. It is the most commonly prescribed vitamin D metabolite for patients with end stage renal disease, given that impaired renal function alters the ability to carry out the second hydroxylation step required for the formation of the physiologically active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Alfacalcidol is an active vitamin D3 metabolite, and therefore does not require the second hydroxylation step in the kidney.

Calcium metabolism
Calcium metabolism is the movement and regulation of calcium ions (Ca2+) in (via the gut) and out (via the gut and kidneys) of the body, and between body compartments: the blood plasma, the extracellular and intracellular fluids, and  bone.  Bone acts as a calcium storage center for deposits and withdrawals as needed by the blood via continual bone remodeling.: 276–277

An important aspect of calcium metabolism is plasma calcium homeostasis, the regulation of calcium ions in the blood plasma within narrow limits. The level of the calcium in plasma is regulated by the hormones parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin. PTH is released by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands when the plasma calcium level falls below the normal range in order to raise it; calcitonin is released by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland when the plasma level of calcium is above the normal range in order to lower it.
Aberjhani
Aberjhani (born Jeffery J. Lloyd July 8, 1957) is an American poet, writer and columnist. He is well known for his blog articles on literature and politics, and as co-author of Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance and author of The River of Winged Dreams. The encyclopedia won a Choice Academic Title Award in 2004.

Talmadge Memorial Bridge
The Talmadge Memorial Bridge is a bridge in the United States spanning the Savannah River between downtown Savannah, Georgia, and Hutchinson Island. It carries US 17/SR 404 Spur.  The original cantilever bridge was built in 1953; a replacement bridge was completed in 1991, and named the Talmadge Memorial Bridge.
Hovah Hall Underwood
Hovah Hall Underwood (April 12, 1919 – September 24, 2004) was an American from West Virginia. She was a Methodist.  She was the wife of former Governor of West Virginia Cecil H. Underwood and served as that state's First Lady during 1957-1961 and 1997-2001.

Marshall University
Marshall University is a public research university in Huntington, West Virginia, United States.  It was founded in 1837 and is named after John Marshall, the fourth chief justice of the United States. The university is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Nieves García Vicente
Nieves García Vicente (born 23 July 1955) is a Spanish chess player who holds the title of Woman International Master (WIM, 1978). She is an eleven time Spanish Women's Chess Champion (1975, 1977, 1978, 1981, 1982, 1984, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1998, 2003).

Spanish Chess Championship
The Spanish Chess Championship is contested annually under the auspices of the Federación Española de Ajedrez (FEDA), the governing body of chess in Spain, to determine the nation's chess champion. The first official championship was in 1928.
Ames v. Kansas ex rel. Johnston
Ames v. Kansas ex rel. Johnston, 111 U.S. 449 (1884), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that Congress may grant inferior courts concurrent jurisdiction over issues where the Supreme Court has original jurisdiction as long as the issue is not required by the Constitution to be filed directly in the Supreme Court.

Original jurisdiction
In common law legal systems, original jurisdiction of a court is the power to hear a case for the first time, as opposed to appellate jurisdiction, when a higher court has the power to review a lower court's decision.
Karaalanı, Mazıdağı
Karaalanı (Kurdish: Mêqere) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Mazıdağı, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Dimilî tribe and had a population of 1,648 in 2021.

Mardin Province
Mardin Province (Turkish: Mardin ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Mêrdîn; Arabic: محافظة ماردين; Classical Syriac: ܡܪܕܝܢ ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ) is a province and metropolitan municipality in Turkey. Its area is 8,780 km2, and its population is 870,374 (2022). The largest city in the province is Kızıltepe, while the capital Mardin is the second largest city.
3-hydroxyanthranilate oxidase
3-hydroxyanthranilate oxidase (EC 1.10.3.5) (also called 3-HAO) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:

The two substrates of this enzyme are 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and oxygen. Its products are 6-imino-5-oxocyclohexa-1,3-dienecarboxylic acid and hydrogen peroxide.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on diphenols and related substances as donor with oxygen as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3-hydroxyanthranilate:oxygen oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid oxidase.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Costa del Sol Occidental
Costa del Sol Occidental (English: "Western Coast of the Sun") is one of the nine comarcas (county) in the province of Málaga, Andalusia,  southern Spain. This comarca was established in 2003 by the Government of Andalusia.

It occupies a narrow coastal strip delimited by the cordillera Penibética (Sierra de Mijas, Sierra Alpujata, Sierra Blanca, Sierra Bermeja, Sierra Crestallina) to the north and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. The coast shows a diversity of landscapes: beaches, cliffs, estuaries, bays and dunes. The rivers are short and seasonal, while the agriculture is hampered by the lee effect caused by the Baetic System.

Regional Government of Andalusia
The Regional Government of Andalusia (Spanish: Junta de Andalucía) is the government of the Autonomous Community of Andalusia. It consists of the Parliament, the President of the Regional Government and the Government Council. The 2011 budget was 31.7 billion euros. It employs about 500,000 workers.
Beadsman
Bedesman, or beadsman (Middle English bede, 'prayer', from the Old English biddan, 'to pray'; lit. 'a man of prayer'; and from the Anglo-Saxon bed), was generally a pensioner or almsman whose duty was to pray for his benefactor.

Pensioner
A pensioner is a person who receives a pension, most commonly because of retirement from the workforce. This is a term typically used in the United Kingdom (along with OAP, initialism of old-age pensioner), Ireland and Australia where someone of pensionable age may also be referred to as an "old age pensioner". In the United States, the term retiree is more common, and in New Zealand, the term superannuitant is commonly used. In many countries, increasing life expectancy has led to an expansion of the numbers of pensioners, and they are a growing political force.
Organizations of the Iranian Revolution
Several organizations, parties and guerrilla groups were involved in the Iranian Revolution. Some were part of Ayatollah Khomeini's network and supported the theocratic Islamic Republic movement, while others did not and were suppressed when Khomeini took power. Some groups were created after the fall of the Pahlavi dynasty and still exist, while others helped overthrow the Shah but no longer exist or have become exiled.

Mohammad-Reza Mahdavi Kani
Mohammad Reza Mahdavi Kani (Persian: محمدرضا مهدوی کنی, 6 August 1931 – 21 October 2014) was an Iranian Shia cleric, writer and conservative and principlist politician who was Prime Minister of Iran from 2 September until 29 October 1981. Before that, he was Minister of Interior in the cabinets of Mohammad-Ali Rajai and Mohammad-Javad Bahonar. He was the leader of Combatant Clergy Association and Chairman of the Assembly of Experts and also founder and president of Imam Sadiq University.
Ante Brzović
Ante Brzović (born June 2, 2000) is a Croatian professional basketball player for Stal Ostrów Wielkopolski of the Polish Basketball League (PLK). He played college basketball for the Charleston Cougars and the Southeastern Oklahoma State Savage Storm.

2018–19 Junior ABA League
The 2018–19 Junior ABA League is the second season of the Junior ABA League with twelve men's under-19 teams from Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Teams are the junior selections of the 2018–19 ABA League First Division teams.
Kondapalli Fort
Kondapalli Fort, also locally known as Kondapalli Kota and Kondapalli Quilla, lies to the west of Kondapalli in  Ibrahimpatnam mandal of NTR district in Andhra Pradesh, India was built by Prolaya Vema Reddy of Reddi Kingdom during the 14th century CE. It was initially built as a leisure place and business center and later served as a military training base for the British rulers. According to some other historians it was built in 1360 CE by Anna Vema Reddy after he captured Kondapalli from Mudigonda Chalukyas, the fort has been home to several dynasties, from the Reddi rulers Gajapati dynasty to the Nizam Nawabs, and then the East India Company.

Ibrahimpatnam mandal, NTR district
Ibrahimpatnam mandal is one of the 20 mandals that constitute the NTR district of the State of Andhra Pradesh in India. It is under the administration of the Vijayawada revenue division and the mandal headquarters are located at Ibrahimpatnam town. The mandal is located on the banks of Krishna River and is bounded by Kanchikacherla, Veerullapadu, G. Konduru and Vijayawada (rural) mandals. The mandal is also a part of the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region under the jurisdiction of APCRDA.
Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013
Italy was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 with the song "L'essenziale", written by Marco Mengoni, Roberto Casalino, and Francesco De Benedettis, and performed by Mengoni himself. The Italian participating broadcaster, Radiotelevisione italiana (RAI), internally selected its entry for the contest. The artist was selected by a special committee from the participants of the Sanremo Music Festival 2013 and the song was selected by the artist. The entry placed 7th and scored 126 points in the final.

Roberto Casalino
Roberto Casalino (born 9 June 1979) is an Italian singer-songwriter. He composed, in collaboration with Tiziano Ferro, "Non ti scordar mai di me", "Stai fermo lì" and "Novembre", brought to success in 2008 by Giusy Ferreri.

He has written songs for many Italian artists including Ferreri, Emma Marrone, Francesca Michielin, Fedez, Marco Mengoni and Tiziano Ferro.
Mission Sioux Airport
Mission Sioux Airport (FAA LID: 0V6) was a public use airport located two nautical miles (3.7 km) east of the central business district of Mission, a city in Todd County, South Dakota, United States. The airport is owned by the Rosebud Sioux Tribe.

On current aviation charts, the airport is depicted as closed, with the Rosebud Sioux Tribal Airport having replaced it in late 2010.  The airport is no longer listed in the Airport/Facility Directory and the runway pavement is badly deteriorated.

Todd County, South Dakota
Todd County is a county in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,319. Todd County does not have its own county seat. Instead, Winner in neighboring Tripp County serves as its administrative center. Its largest city is Mission. The county was created in 1909, although it remains unorganized. The county was named for John Blair Smith Todd, a delegate from Dakota Territory to the United States House of Representatives and a Civil War general.

The county lies entirely within the Rosebud Indian Reservation and is coterminous with the main reservation (exclusive of off-reservation trust lands, which lie in four nearby counties). Its southern border is with the state of Nebraska. It is one of five South Dakota counties entirely within an Indian reservation. The county's per-capita income makes it the third poorest county in the United States. Unlike many rural counties in South Dakota, since 1960, its net population has increased.
Shivanasamudra Falls
Shivanasamudra Falls is a cluster of waterfalls on the borders of Malavalli, Mandya and Kollegala, Chamarajanagara, in Karnataka, India, situated along the river Kaveri. The falls form the contour between the districts of Chamarajanagara and Mandya. The Bharachukki Falls in Kollegala, with a height of 69 metres, and the Gaganachukki Falls in Malavalli, with a height of 90 metres, collectively form the Shivanasamudra Falls.

Shivanasamudra Falls is home to one of the first hydro-electric power stations in Asia, which was set up in 1902. The idea of tapping power from the falls to supply power for the machinery at the Kolar Gold Fields was suggested in 1898 by Alain Chartier Joly de Lotbiniere. The project was designed by Dewan Sir. Sheshadri Iyer and Chief Engineer Sir M. Visvesvaraya.

Sivanadamudra Falls was a filming location for the 1972 film Pakeezah. The song "Chalo Dildar Chalo Chand Ke Par Chalo," which features Meena Kumari and Raj Kumar was filmed here.

Raaj Kumar
Raaj Kumar (born Kulbhushan Pandit; 8 October 1926 – 3 July 1996) was an Indian actor who worked in Hindi films. In a career that spanned over four decades, he went on to star in 70 films and is regarded as one of the most successful actors of Indian cinema.
Nichols plc
Nichols plc, based in Newton-le-Willows, Merseyside, England, is a British company mainly known as the producer of Vimto, a fruit flavoured cordial. The company can trace its roots back to the invention of Vimto by John Noel Nichols in 1908. The company operates two types of business: the sale of Vimto and other brands (such as Panda Pops, which Nichols acquired from Hall & Woodhouse in 2005) via supermarkets and associated outlets, and a soft drink dispensing operation in the UK. The soft drink operation is handled under the name of Cabana and is the UK's largest independent supplier of dispensed soft drinks. The success of the Vimto soft drink caused Nichols plc to begin selling Vimto chews and Vimto chew bars.

Squash (drink)
Squash (sometimes known as cordial in British English, dilute in Hiberno-English, diluting juice in Scottish English, and water juice in the Northern Isles of Scotland), is a non-alcoholic beverage with syrup used in beverage making. It is usually fruit-flavoured, made from fruit juice, water, and sugar or a sugar substitute. Modern squashes may also contain food colouring and additional flavouring. Some traditional squashes contain herbal extracts, most notably elderflower and ginger.
1936–37 County Antrim Shield
The 1936–37 County Antrim Shield was the 48th edition of the County Antrim Shield, a cup competition in Northern Irish football.

Belfast Celtic won the tournament for the 5th time and 2nd consecutive season, defeating Glentoran 1–0 in the final replay at Grosvenor Park after the original final ended in a 2–2 draw.

County Antrim Shield
The County Antrim & District Football Association Senior Shield (more commonly known as the County Antrim Shield) is a football competition in Northern Ireland. The competition is open to senior teams who are members of the North East Ulster Football Association (also known as the County Antrim & District Football Association) (membership of which extends geographically beyond County Antrim itself), often plus intermediate teams who qualify via the Steel & Sons Cup, depending on the numbers required. For the 2010–11 and 2011-12 seasons, only the winners took part.

The current Shield holders are Carrick Rangers, who beat Cliftonville 4-2 on penalties in the 2025–26 final, winning the trophy for the first time since the 1992–93 season.
Gümüş railway station
Gümüş railway station (Turkish: Gümüş istasyonu) is a railway station in near the village of Hasangazi, Niğde in Turkey. The station is located between the D.750 state highway to the north and the Çakıtsuyu creek to the south.

TCDD Taşımacılık operates two daily intercity trains from Konya and Kayseri to Adana.

Niğde Province
Niğde Province (Turkish: Niğde ili) is a province in the southern part of Central Anatolia, Turkey. Its area is 7,234 km2, and its population is 365,419 (2022) of which 170,511 live in the city of Niğde. The population was 348,081 in 2000 and 305,861 in 1990. Neighbouring provinces are Kayseri, Adana, Mersin, Konya, Aksaray and Nevşehir.

The province is surrounded on three sides by mountain ranges: the Taurus Mountains, Mount Hasan, and the Melendiz Mountains.
Tōkikō
The Tōkikō (陶器考: Investigations of Pottery) is a treatise that describes the Japanese shimamono pottery trade with southeast Asia and India and gives detailed descriptions.

It was written in 1854 by Tanaka Yonisaburo (田内米三郎) and published in 1883 in Tokyo. Fay-Cooper Cole in his work "Chinese Pottery in the Philippines" from 1912 gives an English translation of two chapters which describe pottery of Luzon (Rusun) and Nanban trade.

Fay-Cooper Cole
Fay-Cooper Cole (8 August 1881 – 3 September 1961) was a professor of anthropology and founder of the anthropology department at the University of Chicago; he was a student of Franz Boas. Some argue that he, most famously, was a witness for the defense for John Scopes at the Scopes Trial. Cole also played a central role in planning the anthropology exhibits for the 1933 Century of Progress World's Fair. He was elected a Member of the American Philosophical Society in 1941.
Vrenjt
Vranjt is a village in the former municipality Kastriot, Dibër County, northeastern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Dibër. It is situated at 1100 metres above sea level, five kilometres north of Peshkopi city and seven kilometres from the Macedonian border. In the 2011 census, there were 65 residents.

Dibër (municipality)
Dibër (Albanian: [ˈdiˈbər]; Albanian definite form: Dibra) is a municipality in Dibër County, northeastern Albania. The municipality consists of the administrative units of Arras, Fushë-Çidhën, Kala e Dodës, Kastriot, Lurë, Luzni, Maqellarë, Melan, Muhurr, Selishtë, Sllovë, Tomin, Zall-Dardhë, Zall-Reç with Peshkopi constituting its seat. As of the Institute of Statistics estimate from the 2011 census, there were 61,619 inhabitants in Dibër Municipality. The area of the municipality is 937.88 km2 (362.12 sq mi).