hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kurt Herzog
Kurt Herzog (27 March 1889, Quedlinburg – 8 May 1948) was a German general during World War II. He was a recipient of the  Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. A war criminal, Herzog surrendered to the Soviet troops in May 1945 and died in captivity on 8 May 1948.

Quedlinburg
Quedlinburg (German pronunciation: [ˈkveːtlɪnbʊʁk] ⓘ) is a town situated just north of the Harz mountains, in the district of Harz in the west of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. As an influential and prosperous trading centre during the early Middle Ages, Quedlinburg became a center of influence under the Ottonian dynasty in the 10th and 11th centuries. The castle, church and old town with around 2,100 timber houses, dating from this time of influence, were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1994 because of their exceptional preservation and outstanding Romanesque architecture.

Quedlinburg has a population of more than 24,000. The town was the capital of the district of Quedlinburg until 2007, when the district was dissolved. Several locations in the town are designated stops along a scenic holiday route, the Romanesque Road.
Unzen, Nagasaki
Unzen (雲仙市, Unzen-shi) is a city located in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 June 2024, the city had an estimated population of 40,831 in 17709 households, and a population density of 190 people per km2. The total area of the town is 214.31 km2 (82.75 sq mi).

Cities of Japan
A city (市, shi) is a local administrative unit in Japan. Cities are ranked on the same level as towns (町, machi) and villages (村, mura), with the difference that they are not a component of districts (郡, gun). Like other contemporary administrative units, they are defined by the Local Autonomy Law of 1947.
Bellanwila Rajamaha Viharaya
Bellanwila Rajamaha Viharaya is a Buddhist temple situated in Bellanwila, Colombo District, Sri Lanka. Located around 12 km south to the Colombo city, near Dehiwala - Maharagama road, the temple attracts hundreds of devotees daily and is famous for its annual Esala Perehera festival which usually takes place in the month of August or September. One of the most venerated Buddhist temples in Sri Lanka, many devotees flock to worship the sacred Bo tree of Bellanwila Rajamaha Vihara, which is considered to be one of the first offshoots of Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. The present chief incumbent of Bellanwila Rajamaha Vihara is Ven. Dr. Bellanwila Dhammaratana Nayaka Thera.

Esala Mangallaya
The Esala Mangallaya is a Sinhalese festival celebrated in the month of Esala, a month in the Sinhalese calendar which occurs during July and August in the Gregorian calendar. The most famous being the Esala Perahera.
Dimitri Bertsekas
Dimitri Panteli Bertsekas (born 1942, Athens, Greek: Δημήτρης Παντελής Μπερτσεκάς) is an applied mathematician, electrical engineer, and computer scientist, a McAfee Professor at the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science in School of Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, and also a Fulton Professor of Computational Decision Making at Arizona State University, Tempe.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
1944 Chelsea by-election
The 1944 Chelsea by-election was a by-election held on 11 October 1944 for the British House of Commons constituency of Chelsea in London.

The by-election was caused by the elevation of the constituency's Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) Sir Samuel Hoare to the peerage as Viscount Templewood. Hoare had held the seat since the January 1910 general election.

The Conservative candidate, William Sidney, was returned unopposed. Sidney held the seat until he succeeded his father as Baron de L'Isle and Dudley, leaving the seat vacant at the dissolution for the 1945 general election.

Viscount Templewood
Viscount Templewood, of Chelsea in the County of Middlesex, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 14 July 1944 for the Conservative politician and former Foreign Secretary and Home Secretary, Sir Samuel Hoare, 2nd Baronet. The Hoare Baronetcy, of Sidestrand Hall in the County of Norfolk, had been created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 7 August 1899 for his father Samuel Hoare, who represented Norwich in the House of Commons. Both titles became extinct on Lord Templewood's death in 1959.

The name Templewood was that of a country house at Sidestrand. Templewood was built in 1938 by architects John Seely and Paul Paget.
Commendation ceremony
A commendation ceremony (commendatio) is a formal ceremony that evolved during the Early Medieval period to create a bond between a lord and his fighting man, called his vassal. The first recorded ceremony of commendatio was in 7th century France, but the relationship of vassalage was older, and predated even the medieval formulations of a noble class.  The lord's "man", might be born unfree, but the commendatio freed him.

When two men entered into a feudal relationship, they underwent the ceremony. The purpose of the commendation was to make a chosen person a vassal of a lord. The commendation ceremony is composed of two elements, one to perform the act of homage and the other an oath of fealty. In some countries, such as the Kingdom of Sicily, the commendation ceremony came to be referred to as investiture.

Ceremony
A ceremony (UK: /ˈsɛrəməni/, US: /ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni/) is a unified ritualistic event with a purpose, usually consisting of a number of artistic components, performed on a special occasion.

The word may be of Etruscan origin, via the Latin caerimonia.
Yang Shouliang
Yang Shouliang (楊守亮) (d. 892), né Zi Liang (訾亮), was a warlord late in the Chinese Tang dynasty, who controlled Shannan West Circuit (山南西道, headquartered in modern Hanzhong, Shaanxi) from 887 to 892.  He was initially an agrarian rebel under Wang Xianzhi, but later came to serve under the imperial eunuch general Yang Fuguang, becoming Yang Fuguang's adoptive son.  He was gradually promoted in the imperial guard ranks, and was eventually made the military governor (jiedushi) of Shannan West by Emperor Xizong.  After his adoptive uncle Yang Fugong broke with Emperor Xizong's brother and successor Emperor Zhaozong in 891, however, Yang Shouliang followed Yang Fugong's lead and resisted the imperial government.  He was subsequently defeated by the warlord Li Maozhen the military governor of Fengxiang Circuit (鳳翔, headquartered in modern Baoji, Shaanxi) and executed.

Taiyuan
Taiyuan (Taiyuan Jin: [tʰai˦˥ ye˩˩]) is the capital of Shanxi, China. Taiyuan is the political, economic, cultural and international exchange center of Shanxi Province, containing an industrial base focusing on energy and heavy chemicals. Throughout its long history, Taiyuan was the capital or provisional capital of many dynasties in China, hence the name Lóngchéng (龙城; The City of Dragon).

As of 2021, the city governs 6 districts, 3 counties, and hosts a county-level city with a total area of 6,988 square kilometers and a permanent population of 5,390,957.

Taiyuan is located roughly in the centre of Shanxi, with the Fen River flowing through the central city.
A-class Melbourne tram (1910)
The A-class was a class of 20 trams built by Duncan & Fraser, Adelaide for the Prahran & Malvern Tramways Trust (PMTT). All passed to the Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board on 2 February 1920 when it took over the PMTT becoming the A-class retaining their running numbers.

Fourteen were transferred to the isolated Footscray network in 1923/24. Three were converted to non-passenger use in 1925–27. The others were withdrawn in 1928–31.

Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board
The Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB) was a government-owned authority that was responsible for the tram network in Melbourne, Australia between 1919 and 1983, when it was merged into the Metropolitan Transit Authority. It had been formed by the merger of a number of smaller tramway trusts and companies that operated throughout the city.
Le Havre's old tramway
Le Havre's tramway was built when the municipality sought to equip itself with a modern form of urban transport capable of multiplying the travel possibilities of its inhabitants, as many other French cities at the end of the 19th century did. The tramway, inaugurated in Le Havre in 1874, first horse-drawn, then electric, served until World War I, transporting over 20 million people by 1913.

Competing with road transport from the 1920s onwards, it was gradually abandoned and disappeared shortly after World War II (in 1951), which was particularly destructive for the city. Following a favorable decision by the urban community in early 2007 to build an exclusive right-of-way public transport network, the tramway has been running again in Le Havre since 12 December 2012.

Chemins de fer de l'Ouest
The Compagnie des chemins de fer de l'Ouest (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃paɲi de ʃəmɛ̃ də fɛʁ də lwɛst], lit. 'Western Railway Company', abbr. CF de l'Ouest), often referred to simply as L'Ouest or Ouest, was an early French railway company which operated from the years 1855 through 1909.
Urban rail in the United Kingdom
Urban and suburban rail plays a key role in public transport in many of the major cities of the United Kingdom. Urban rail refers to the train service between city centres and suburbs or nearby towns that acts as a main mode of transport for travellers on a daily basis. They consist of several railway lines connecting city centre stations of major cities to suburbs and surrounding towns.

Train services and ticketing are fully integrated with the national rail network and are not considered separate. In London, a route for Crossrail 2 has been safeguarded.

Chester railway station
Chester railway station serves the city of Chester, in Cheshire, England; it is sited in the Newtown area. It was designed by the architect Francis Thompson and opened as a joint station in 1848. From 1875 to 1969, the station was known as Chester General to distinguish it from Chester Northgate. The station is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a Grade II* listed building.
Lebanese Australians
Lebanese Australians (Arabic: اللبنانيون الأستراليون) refers to citizens or permanent residents of Australia of Lebanese ancestry. The population is diverse, having a large Christian religious base, being mostly Maronite Catholics, while also having a large Muslim group of Sunni and Shia branches.

Lebanon, in both its modern-day form as the Lebanese state (declared 1920; independent 1943), and its historical form as the region of the Lebanon, has been a source of migrants to Australia since the 1870s. 248,430 Australians (about 1% of the total population) claimed some Lebanese ancestry in 2021. The 2021 census reported 87,343 Lebanese-born people in Australia, with nearly 66,000 of those resident in Greater Sydney.

Greater Sydney
New South Wales portal

Greater Sydney is the most populous metropolitan area in Australia and Oceania. Located in the state of New South Wales, it encompasses the state capital, Sydney, including the City of Sydney local government area (LGA), and the surrounding built-up areas. Greater Sydney covers an area stretching from Hawkesbury and the Northern Beaches in the north, to the Blue Mountains in the west, and to Wollondilly, Campbelltown and Sutherland in the south.

Under the New South Wales Greater Cities Commission (formerly the Greater Sydney Commission), the Greater Sydney Region, along with Newcastle, the Central Coast and Wollongong, will constitute a Sandstone Mega-region that will make up 70% of the New South Wales population and 25% of the national population.
Eva Díaz Tezanos
Rosa Eva Díaz Tezanos (born 12 June 1964) is a Spanish politician from the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party who served as Vice President of Cantabria and Regional Minister of Universities, Research, Environment and Social Policy from 2015 to 2019.

Socialist Party of Cantabria
The Socialist Party of Cantabria-PSOE (Spanish: Partido Socialista de Cantabria-PSOE, PSC-PSOE) is the Cantabrian federation of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), the main centre-left party in Spain since the 1970s.
Heroes of Might and Magic IV
Heroes of Might and Magic IV is a turn-based strategy game developed by Gus Smedstad through New World Computing and published by the 3DO Company for Microsoft Windows-based personal computers in 2002. A Macintosh port was subsequently developed by Contraband Entertainment and released by the 3DO Company. The fourth installment of the popular Heroes of Might and Magic franchise, it is the sequel to Heroes of Might and Magic III, and was the last to be developed by New World Computing.

Porting
In software development, porting is the process of adapting software to run in a different context. Often it involves modifying source code so that a program can run on a different platform (i.e. on a different CPU or operating system) or in a different environment (i.e. with a different library or framework). It also describes adapting a change or feature from one codebase to another – even between different versions of the same software.

Software is classified as portable if it can be hosted in a different context with no change to the source code. It might be considered portable if the cost of adapting it to a context is significantly less than the cost of writing it from scratch. The lower the cost of porting relative to the cost to re-write, the more portable it is said to be. The effort depends on several factors including the extent to which the original context differs from the new context, the skill of the programmers, and the portability of the codebase.
Marillet
Marillet (French pronunciation: [maʁijɛ]) is a commune in the Vendée department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France.

Marillet is the smallest commune in Vendée and is associated with the Puy-de-Serre and Faymoreau coal mines.

Vendée
Vendée (French pronunciation: [vɑ̃de] ⓘ) is a department in the Pays de la Loire region in Western France, on the Atlantic coast. In 2019, it had a population of 685,442. Its prefecture is La Roche-sur-Yon.
Palgrave Pond
Palgrave Pond (also known as the Palgrave Mill Pond) is a reservoir just northwest of the community of Palgrave in the Town of Caledon, Regional Municipality of Peel in the Greater Toronto Area of southern Ontario, Canada. It is adjacent to Ontario Highway 50 (Peel Regional Road 50) and was formed by the damming of the main branch of the Humber River, originally to create a mill pond. Each winter, the surface of the pond is transformed into a community skating rink available for recreational use (commonly referred to as the Palgrave Pond). The rinks are created by local volunteer, Ken Hunt (aka the “Ice Angel”), and have appeared on the Mill Pond each winter since December 2000.

Caledon, Ontario
Caledon (/ˈkælədən/; 2021 population 76,581) is a town in the Regional Municipality of Peel in the Greater Toronto Area of Ontario, Canada. The name comes from a shortened form of Caledonia, the Roman name for what is now Scotland. Caledon is primarily rural with a number of hamlets and small villages, but also contains the larger community of Bolton (population 26,795) in its southeastern quadrant, adjacent to York Region. Some spillover urbanization also occurs in the south bordering the City of Brampton.

Caledon is the northernmost of three municipalities of Peel Region. The town is northwest of Brampton. According to Statistics Canada the land area is 688 km2 (266 sq mi) and, according to the city the area is 696.04 km2 (268.74 sq mi), which makes Caledon the largest municipality by area in the Greater Toronto Area.
Hyderabad Allwyn
Hyderabad Allwyn Limited, established in 1942, was a Hyderabad State government engineering and white goods manufacturing company involved in manufacture of automobiles, trucks, scooters, bus coach building, refrigerators and wrist watches.

Allwyn Refrigerators and Allwyn Watches were once a leading brand in India during the 1970s and 1980s. The company was closed in 1995 after heavy losses, primarily due to mismanagement.

Zaheerabad
Zaheerabad (also spelled as Zahirabad), is an industrial city and Municipal council in Sangareddy district of the Indian state of Telangana.

Zahirabad is also the base for visitors of ancient sacred places, Ketaki Sangameshwara Swamy Devasthanam at Jharasangam, Siddhhi Vinayaka Temple at Rejinthal and Hazrath Multani Baba Dargah at Metalkunta. 500
Anna Maria Falconbridge
Anna Maria (Horwood) Falconbridge (1769-1835), was the first English woman to give a narrative account of experiences on the  African continent.

She was born in All Saints Lane Bristol, England in 1769. Her father Charles was a local clock maker.   After her parents’ death, she married Alexander Falconbridge, surgeon and slave ship surgeon turned abolitionist, on 16 October 1788 aged 19, in Easton in Gordano, against her family's and friends' wishes. After their marriage Anna Maria accompanied her husband to Sierra Leone twice. Once there she “described her experiences in a series of lively, informative letters”. Later she had the letters published. In her work Narrative of Two Voyages she defends the slave trade and ridicules her abolitionist-supporting dead husband.

Easton in Gordano
Easton in Gordano (/ɡɔːrˈdeɪnoʊ/) is a village in Somerset, England, about 4+1⁄2 miles (7 km) northwest of Bristol city centre. It is part of the civil parish of Pill and Easton-in-Gordano and within the unitary authority of North Somerset. In 2011 the population of the parish was 4,828.

The village is close to junction 19 of the M5 motorway, making it popular with commuters working in the Bristol area. Most facilities are in the nearby larger village of Pill, or the town of Portishead which lies some 3 miles (5 km) to the west.
Pordim
Pordim (Bulgarian: Пордим [ˈpɔrdim]) is a town in Pleven Province in central northern Bulgaria and the administrative centre of Pordim Municipality. The town is 155 metres above sea level in the Danubian Plain. In December 2009 the population was 2,117.

Pordim is thought to be the site of the first ever telephone connection in Bulgaria, during the siege of Plevna of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78. It linked Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia with Prince Carol I of Romania.

The town played an active part in the war of 1877–78. It has two museums, the Alexander II Russian Museum and the Carol I Romanian Museum, both housed in the buildings where the two heads of state stayed during the battle for Pleven, commanding their respective forces.

Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (born 1831)
Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (Russian: Великий князь Николай Николаевич; 8 August 1831  –  25 April 1891) was the third son and sixth child of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia and Alexandra Feodorovna. He may also be referred to as Nicholas Nikolaevich the Elder to tell him apart from his son, Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (1856–1929). Trained for the military, as a Field Marshal he commanded the Russian army of the Danube in the Russo-Turkish War, 1877–1878.
Charlotte Wakefield
Charlotte Wakefield is a British actress of the stage and screen. She started out as a child actor in the film An Angel for May. She played the role of Wendla Bergman in Spring Awakening in London for which she was nominated for Best Actress in a Musical at the 2010 Laurence Olivier Awards.

She was nominated a second time for her performance in the Regents Park Open Air Theatre production of The Sound of Music in 2013.

She played Gemma in The Great British Bake Off Musical and is the voice of Mattis in the video game Balder’s Gate 3.

In 2025, she starred in the musical Titanique at the Criterion Theatre. A review in the Financial Times said, "Charlotte Wakefield as Molly Brown stops the show with her rendition of 'All By Myself'".

Margaret Brown
Margaret Brown (née Tobin; July 18, 1867 – October 26, 1932), posthumously known as the "Unsinkable Molly Brown", was an American socialite and philanthropist. She was a survivor of the RMS Titanic, which sank in 1912, and she unsuccessfully urged the crew in Lifeboat No. 6 to return to the debris field to look for survivors.

During her lifetime, her friends called her "Maggie", but by her death, obituaries referred to her as the "Unsinkable Mrs. Brown". Gene Fowler referred to her as "Molly Brown" in his 1933 book Timber Line. The following year, she was referred to as the "Unsinkable Mrs. Brown" and "Molly Brown" in newspapers.
Jesús Lara (writer)
Jesús Lara Lara (January 1, 1898 - September 6, 1980) was a Bolivian writer, poet, novelist, linguist, indigenist, journalist and politician. He was a member of the Unión Nacional de Poetas y Escritores de Cochabamba.

Born in Muela (now Villa Rivero), Cochabamba, Lara attended primary school there and secondary school in the city of Cochabamba. During the Chaco War with Paraguay he fought on the front lines, an experience that would mark the rest of his life. He was imprisoned several times for his activities as a member of the Communist Party. In 1956 he was the Party’s candidate for Vice President of Bolivia.

Lara’s literary work, which deals mainly with the social problems of indigenous people, earned him numerous prizes and distinctions, including an honorary doctorate from the University of San Simón de Cochabamba in 1979.

Higher University of San Simón
17°23′36″S 66°08′42″W﻿ / ﻿17.3933727°S 66.1449641°W﻿ / -17.3933727; -66.1449641

The Higher University of San Simón (Universidad Mayor de San Simón, UMSS) is a university in Cochabamba, Bolivia.

It was founded by Mariscal Andrés de Santa Cruz on November 5, 1832 (1832-11-05) and is one of the first universities founded in Bolivia after the University of San Francisco Xavier from Chuquisaca and the University of San Andrés from La Paz. The University offers 99 undergraduate programs in 18 faculties that are mainly established in Cochabamba city. According to uniRank, the University of San Simón ranks second among Bolivian universities, and second according to Webometrics  and the QS World University Rankings.
Deportivo Riestra
Deportivo Riestra Asociación de Fomento Barrio Colón, also known as Deportivo Riestra, is an Argentine sports club from Buenos Aires. The club is mainly focused on football. As of 2024, Deportivo Riestra plays in the Primera División, the top tier of the Argentine league system. Aside from the futsal team that plays in Primera D —the fourth tier division— Deportivo Riestra also has youth academy and women's teams competing in different tournaments and divisions.

The club headquarters are located in the Nueva Pompeya neighbourhood, with Guillermo Laza Stadium of Villa Soldati as venue for football matches. The stadium has a capacity of 3,000.

Apart from football, Riestra is affiliated to the "Federación Metropolitana de Ajedrez" (Metropolitan Chess Federation).

Primera C Metropolitana
The Primera C Metropolitana is one of the two professional leagues that form the fourth level of the Argentine football league system. Primera C Metropolitana is made up of 20 clubs, mainly from the city of Buenos Aires and its metropolitan area (Greater Buenos Aires).

The other league at level four is the Torneo Federal B, where teams from regional leagues take part.