hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Abokobi
Abokobi is a small town and is the capital of Ga East Municipal District, an MMDA located within the Greater Accra Region of Ghana.

The settlement was founded in 1854 by missionaries of the "Basler Missionsgesellschaft" (Basel Mission) for Christian refugees, who had left Osu (the former Danish-Accra, around Christiansborg) after the British colonial government had bombarded Osu from the Sea in response to the refusal of the inhabitants to pay the newly introduced head tax.

Greater Accra Region
The Greater Accra Region has the smallest area of Ghana's 16 administrative regions, occupying a total land surface of 3,245 square kilometres. This is 1.4 per cent of the total land area of Ghana. It is the most populated region, with a population of 5,455,692 in 2021, accounting for 17.7 per cent of Ghana's total population.

The Greater Accra region is the most urbanized region in the country, with 87.4% of its total population living in urban centres. The capital city of Greater Accra Region is Accra which is at the same time the capital city of Ghana.
D. J. Williams (actor)
David John Williams (1868–1949) was a British actor. He also directed one film, The Shuttle of Life, which starred Evelyn Brent.

Williams was born in Ruthin, North Wales. He was the nephew of the Anglo-German artist Hubert von Herkomer. He had a daughter, Mary Williams (1913–2000).

Williams died in Bushey, Hertfordshire, England.

Bushey
Bushey is a town in the Hertsmere borough of Hertfordshire in the East of England. It had a population of 25,328 in the 2011 census, rising to 28,416 in the 2021 census, an increase of 12.19%. This makes Bushey the second most populated town in Hertsmere. Bushey Heath is a large neighbourhood south east of Bushey on the boundary with the London Borough of Harrow reaching elevations of 165 metres (541 ft) above sea level.
2015 Permatang Pauh by-election
A by-election was held for the Dewan Rakyat seat of Permatang Pauh on 7 May following the nomination day on 25 April 2015. The seat fell vacant after member of parliament Anwar Ibrahim was disqualified from holding his seat after being found guilty of sodomy in a highly controversial trial. Anwar Ibrahim was a member of the Parti Keadilan Rakyat and leader of the opposition alliance Pakatan Rakyat. In the 2013 general election, Anwar won the seat with a majority of 11,721 votes beating Mazlan Ismail of Barisan Nasional.

The Permatang Pauh by-election was contested by 4 candidates, consisting of former opposition leader, Anwar's wife Wan Azizah Wan Ismail from PKR, UMNO's Suhaimi Sabudin, PRM's Azman Shah Othman and independent candidate Salleh Isahak. There were reports saying that PRM has denied that Azman Shah Othman is a member of their party.

Permatang Pauh (federal constituency)
Permatang Pauh is a federal constituency in Central Seberang Perai District, Penang, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 1974.

The federal constituency was created from parts of the Seberang Tengah constituency in the 1974 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.

The seat was long established as a stronghold of Anwar Ibrahim's family.

Anwar’s father, Ibrahim Abdul Rahman was the Seberang Tengah MP from 1959 to 1969 and the family held the Permatang Pauh seat from 1982 until 2022 when his daughter, Nurul Izzah unexpectedly lost the seat to Perikatan Nasional in the 2022 election.
Rarities Volumes 1 & 2
Rarities Volumes 1 & 2 is a 2014 posthumous double-CD compilation album of various pieces by English experimental musician and composer Lindsay Cooper. It was recorded between 1979 and 1992, and released in the UK and US by RēR Megacorp in 2014. The compilation was also released by ReR Megacorp in Japan in 2015.

Rarities was compiled by Udi Koomran and Chris Cutler in Cooper's honour. It comprises unreleased material, and tracks that had previously appeared only on limited edition releases and compilations.

Recommended Records
Recommended Records (RēR) is a British independent record label and distribution network founded by Chris Cutler with Nick Hobbs in March 1978. RēR features largely "Rock in Opposition" and related music, but it also distributes selected music released on other independent labels.

In 1982 Cutler established November Books, the publishing wing of Recommended Records, and between 1985 and 1997, Recommended Records and November Books published RēR Quarterly, a "quarterly" sound-magazine edited by Cutler.

In 1989 Recommended Records became known as RēR Megacorp with a turnover of £180,000 in 1994.
Garret Nelson
Gerald Garret Nelson (born 1984) is an American politician.  Nelson currently serves as a member of the Alaska House of Representatives from the 29th district.  He was appointed by Governor Mike Dunleavy on December 24, 2025, and sworn in on December 30.  He replaced George Rauscher, who was previously appointed to the Alaska Senate by Dunleavy.  He currently works as a salesman, and has prior experience as a cattle rancher, welder and small business owner.

Alaska State Senate
The Alaska State Senate is the upper house in the Alaska State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Alaska. It convenes in the Alaska State Capitol in Juneau, Alaska and is responsible for making laws and confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet, commissions and boards.

With just twenty members, the Alaska Senate is the smallest state legislative chamber in the United States. Its members serve four-year terms and each represent an equal number of districts with populations of approximately 35,512 people, per 2010 census figures. They are not subject to term limits.
Bretti Nature Reserve
The Bretti Nature Reserve is a protected nature reserve located near the Barrington Tops in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. The 2,902-hectare (7,170-acre) reserve is situated approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Gloucester. Flora includes wet sclerophyll eucalyptus forest and rainforest. It is most often viewed on a drive along the Thunderbolts Way. The locally rare wompoo fruit dove may be heard in rainforest areas.

The reserve is part of the Curracabundi Group, a network of wilderness and other protected areas along the Great Eastern Escarpment of the Great Dividing Range which, combined, contributes significantly to the aim of the initiative to connect and conserve mountain ecosystems running the length of eastern Australia.

There is a popular camp in the reserve, which is located next to the Bernard River, and near its confluence with the Manning River.

Thunderbolts Way
Thunderbolts Way (and at its northern end as Bundarra Road) is a 305-kilometre (190 mi) country road located in the Northern Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia, linking Inverell via Bundarra, Uralla and Walcha to Gloucester The road is sealed and passes through thickly forested mountain areas with many nearby national parks and nature reserves.

It is named after a local bushranger, Frederick Ward, alias Captain Thunderbolt, who roamed these parts in the 19th century.
A. Raghava Reddy
A. Raghava Reddy was an Indian Politician and former Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly member. He belong to the area of Palavakkam of Tiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu. Being an affiliate of Swatantra Party Reddy successfully contested in 1962 assembly elections of Tamil Nadu at Gummidipoondi Assembly constituency.

Tiruvallur district
Thiruvallur district, also spelled as Tiruvallur district, is one of the 38 districts (an administrative district) in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The fast developing city of Tiruvallur is the district headquarters. The district has a mixture of urban and rural characteristics. The eastern part of Tiruvallur district is dominated by urban characteristics while the Northern part of the district has influence of Andhra culture due to its position. In 2011, the district had a population of 3,728,104 with a sex-ratio of 987 females for every 1,000 males.

The district has been divided into three revenue divisions viz, Tiruvallur, Tiruttani and Ponneri. There are four taluks under Tiruvallur division, two under Tiruttani divisions and two under Ponneri division. There are 46 firkas and 820 revenue villages. Likewise there are 12 blocks, five municipalities and ten town panchayats which implement rural development activities.
Sardinian Independentist Party
The Sardinian Independentist Party (Partidu Indipendentista Sardu, ParIS) was a minor far-left separatist party in Sardinia.

In the 2009 regional election the party was affiliated along with Sardigna Natzione Indipendentzia and A Manca pro s'Indipendèntzia to the "Unidade Indipendentista", which gained 0.5% of the vote. In the 2010 provincial elections the party won 0.8% in the Province of Oristano, 0.7% in Medio Campidano, 0.4% in Sassari and 0.3% in Cagliari.

2010 Sardinian provincial elections
The 2010 provincial elections of Sardinia took place on 30–31 May 2010. A run-off took place in Cagliari, Nuoro and Ogliastra on 12–13 June.

Six provinces were won by the centre-left, two by the centre-right, which gained Olbia-Tempio.
Data striping
In computer data storage, data striping is the technique of segmenting logically sequential data, such as a file, so that consecutive segments are stored on different physical storage devices.

Striping is useful when a processing device requests data more quickly than a single storage device can provide it. By spreading segments across multiple devices which can be accessed concurrently, total data throughput is increased. It is also a useful method for balancing I/O load across an array of disks. Striping is used across disk drives in redundant array of independent disks (RAID) storage, network interface controllers, disk arrays, different computers in clustered file systems and grid-oriented storage, and RAM in some systems.

Network interface controller
A network interface controller (NIC, also known as a network interface card, network adapter, LAN adapter and physical network interface) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network.

Early network interface controllers were commonly implemented on expansion cards that plugged into a computer bus. The low cost and ubiquity of the Ethernet standard means that most newer computers have a network interface controller built into the motherboard or contained in a USB-connected dongle, although network cards remain available.

Modern network interface controllers offer advanced features such as interrupt and DMA interfaces to the host processors, support for multiple receive and transmit queues, partitioning into multiple logical interfaces, and on-controller network traffic processing such as the TCP offload engine.
822 Lalage
822 Lalage (prov. designation: A916 GJ or 1916 ZD) is a background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 31 March 1916, by astronomer Max Wolf at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The likely highly elongated asteroid with an unclear spectral type has a short rotation period of 3.3 hours and measures approximately 9 kilometers (5.6 miles) in diameter. Any reference to the origin of the asteroid's name is unknown.

Provisional designation in astronomy
Provisional designation is the naming convention applied to astronomical objects immediately following their discovery. The provisional designation is usually superseded by a permanent designation once a reliable orbit has been calculated. As of 2019, approximately 47% of the more than 1,100,000 known minor planets remain provisionally designated, as hundreds of thousands have been discovered in the last two decades. The modern system is overseen by the Minor Planet Center of the International Astronomical Union.
1918 Kudus riot
The 1918 Kudus riot was an anti-Chinese riot that took place in the city of Kudus, Semarang Regency, Dutch East Indies, on October 31, 1918. In the riot, Javanese townspeople burned and looted the Chinese district, resulting in roughly 10 deaths and dozens of injuries, and causing half of the Chinese population of the city to flee to Semarang and other cities in Java.

Kudus, Indonesia
Kudus (Javanese: ꦏꦸꦢꦸꦱ꧀) is the capital and the namesake of the Kudus Regency in Central Java, Indonesia. Its name has an Arabic etymology (Arab: القدس al-Quds) connected to its foundation by the legendary figure Sunan Kudus. It also houses the mosque established by Sunan Kudus named Menara Kudus Mosque, one of the most important and influential mosques in Indonesia. According to the 2010 census, its population was 92,776, but by mid-2022 this had declined to 88,635.

During the Dutch East Indies era, Kudus was the seat of the Kudus Regency which was a part of Semarang Residency dating back to 1817. From 1928 to 1931, it was the seat of the short-lived Koedoes Residency, which incorporated the regency as well as the neighboring Demak and Jepara regencies.
The Perfume of the Lady in Black (1931 film)
The Perfume of the Lady in Black (French: Le parfum de la dame en noir) is a 1931 French mystery film directed by Marcel L'Herbier and starring Roland Toutain, Huguette Duflos, and Marcel Vibert. It is an adaptation of the 1908 novel The Perfume of the Lady in Black by Gaston Leroux featuring the detective Joseph Rouletabille. It follows on from L'Herbier's The Mystery of the Yellow Room made the previous year.

It was shot at the Francoeur Studios in Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art director Pierre Schild.

Francoeur Studios
The Francoeur Studios are film production studios in Paris. In 1926 Bernard Natan's Rapid Films set up production at the location, before in 1929 it was merged with the Pathé conglomerate under Natan's overall control. In the postwar era it was part of the Franstudio complex along with the Joinville and Saint-Maurice Studios. In the 1970s it was used for shooting television. Since 1999 it has been the headquarters of La Fémis.
Pure Romance
Pure Romance is an American company that manufactures and sells sex toys, sexual wellness, and cosmetic products.

Formerly a multi-level marketing company, in May 2023, Pure Romance announced it was moving away from the MLM model to become a 100% direct-to-consumer business.

Direct-to-consumer
Direct-to-consumer (DTC or D2C) is a modern variation of the business-to-consumer (B2C) business model. The DTC is a business model of selling products directly to customers and thereby bypassing any third-party retailers, wholesalers, or intermediaries. Direct-to-consumer sales are usually transacted online, but direct-to-consumer brands may also operate physical retail spaces as a complement to their main e-commerce platform in a clicks-and-mortar business model. In the year 2021, direct-to-consumer e-commerce sales in the United States were over $128 billion. Examples of DTC brands currently in business include: Allbirds, Away, Dollar Shave Club, Everlane, Glossier, and Warby Parker.
European Journal of Human Genetics
The European Journal of Human Genetics is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Nature Publishing Group on behalf of the European Society of Human Genetics. It covers all aspects of human genetics.

Human genetics
Human genetics is the study of inheritance as it occurs in human beings. Human genetics encompasses a variety of overlapping fields including: classical genetics, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, biochemical genetics, genomics, population genetics, developmental genetics, clinical genetics, and genetic counseling.

Genes are the common factor of the qualities of most human-inherited traits. Study of human genetics can answer questions about human nature, can help understand diseases and the development of effective  treatment and help us to understand the genetics of human life. This article describes only basic features of human genetics; for the genetics of disorders please see: medical genetics.  For information on the genetics of DNA repair defects related to accelerated aging and/or increased risk of cancer please see: DNA repair-deficiency disorder.
Polioencephalitis
Polioencephalitis is a viral infection of the brain, causing inflammation within the grey matter of the brain stem.  The virus has an affinity for neuronal cell bodies and has been found to affect mostly the midbrain, pons, medulla and cerebellum of most infected patients.  The infection can reach up through the thalamus and hypothalamus and possibly reach the cerebral hemispheres.  The infection is caused by the poliomyelitis virus which is a single-stranded, positive sense RNA virus surrounded by a non-enveloped capsid.  Humans are the only known natural hosts of this virus.  The disease has been eliminated from the U.S. since the mid-twentieth century, but is still found in certain areas of the world such as Africa.

RNA virus
An RNA virus is a virus characterized by a ribonucleic acid (RNA) based genome. The genome can be single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) or double-stranded (dsRNA). Notable human diseases caused by RNA viruses include influenza, SARS, MERS, COVID-19, Dengue virus, hepatitis C, hepatitis E, West Nile fever, Ebola virus disease, rabies, polio, mumps, and measles.

All RNA viruses use a homologous RNA-dependent polymerase for replication and are categorized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) into the realm Riboviria. This includes viruses belonging to Group III, Group IV, Group V, and Group VI of the Baltimore classification system. Group VI comprises the retroviruses, which have RNA genetic material but use DNA intermediates in their life cycle. Riboviria does not include viroids and satellite nucleic acids: Deltavirus, Avsunviroidae, and Pospiviroidae are taxa that were mistakenly included in 2019, but this was corrected in 2020.
1958 New Year Honours
The New Year Honours 1958 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. They were announced in supplements to the London Gazette of 31 December 1957 to celebrate the year passed and mark the beginning of 1958.

At this time honours for Australians were awarded both in the United Kingdom honours, on the advice of the premiers of Australian states, and also in a separate Australia honours list.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Protectorate of Uganda
The Protectorate of Uganda was a protectorate of the British Empire from 1894 to 1962. In 1893 the Imperial British East Africa Company transferred its administration rights of territory consisting mainly of the Kingdom of Buganda to the British government.

In 1894 the Uganda Protectorate was established, and the territory was extended beyond the borders of Buganda to an area that roughly corresponds to that of present-day Uganda.
Ödön Mikecz
Ödön Mikecz (27 May 1894 - 21 January 1965) was a Hungarian politician and jurist, who served as Minister of Justice in 1938. He finished his law studies at the University of Budapest and in Zürich. He worked as a lawyer in Nyíregyháza from 1923. In 1935 he served as press chief of Prime Minister Gyula Gömbös, in the next year as State Secretary of the Interior. Kálmán Darányi appointed justice minister on 9 March 1938. After that he left the party. He became a member of the House of Magnates in 1940. During the cabinets of Döme Sztójay and Géza Lakatos he criticized the Nazis' steps.

Döme Sztójay
Döme Sztójay (Serbian Cyrillic: Димитрије Стојаковић, 5 January 1883 – 22 August 1946) was a Hungarian soldier and diplomat of Serb origin, who served as Prime Minister of Hungary in 1944, during World War II.
Aphalangy-syndactyly-microcephaly syndrome
Aphalangy-syndactyly-microcephaly syndrome is a very rare limb malformation syndrome which is characterized by agenesis of the distal phalanges (distal aphalangia), syndactyly, duplication of the fourth metatarsal, microcephaly, and mild intellectual disabilities. Only 6 cases from 4 families in Spain, Turkey and other countries  have been reported in medical literature. Transmission is autosomal dominant.

Polymetatarsia
Polymetatarsia is a rare congenital malformation which is characterized by the presence of 6 or more metatarsal bones in the same foot. It is most commonly seen alongside polydactyly, and it often appears between the fourth and fifth metatarsals or beside the fifth metatarsal.

Few cases of polymetatarsia not associated with polydactyly have been reported.
Tel Zeror
Tel Zeror is an archaeological tel on the Sharon Plain, approximately four km east of Hadera, SE of Kibbutz Gan Shmuel and south of Moshav Talmei Elazar. The tel, unconventionally, has two peaks, and between them is a field. The site is just south of the convergence of three small waterways; the Hadera Stream, Wadi Ara, and Nahal Yitzhak, where they continue westward as the Hadera Stream.

Tel Zeror is sometimes identified with Zrar, a city mentioned in the description of Thutmosis III's conquests, from the fifteenth century BCE. Another possibility is that the site is Machtar, from the same description.

Gan Shmuel
Gan Shmuel (Hebrew: גַּן שְׁמוּאֵל, lit. Shmuel's Garden) is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located in Haifa District, east of Hadera, it falls under the jurisdiction of Menashe Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 1,188. The kibbutz was named after Rabbi Shmuel Mohilever.
Khaplu Palace
Khaplu Palace, locally known as Yabgo Khar, is an old fort and palace located in Khaplu, a city in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. The palace, considered an architectural heritage site and a significant tourist attraction, was built in the mid-19th century to replace an earlier-dated fort located nearby. It served as a royal residence for the Raja of Khaplu.

From 2005 to 2011, Khaplu Palace underwent  restoration in a project carried out by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture under the Aga Khan Historic Cities Programme. The palace now houses a hotel operated by Serena Hotels and a museum depicting the history and culture of Baltistan.

Raja
Raja (/ˈrɑːdʒɑː/; from IAST rājan-) is a noble or royal Sanskrit title historically used by some Indian rulers and monarchs and highest-ranking nobles. The title was historically used in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.

The title has a long history in South Asia and Southeast Asia, being attested from the Rigveda, where a rājan- is a ruler, see for example the daśarājñá yuddhá, the "Battle of Ten Kings".

The title has equivalent cognates in other Indo-European languages, notably the Latin Rex and the Celtic Rix.

The Maratha title "Rao" (or "Rao") functions as both a given name and an honorific title, derived from words like the Sanskrit "Rājā" meaning "king," is a associated with the Kshatriya varna and can be considered a Kshatriya title.