hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
LiquiGlide
LiquiGlide was a platform technology which creates slippery, liquid-impregnated surfaces that was developed at the Varanasi Research Group at Massachusetts Institute of Technology by Prof. Kripa Varanasi and his team of students and post doctorals Dave Smith, Rajeev Dhiman, Adam Paxson, Brian Solomon, and Chris Love. Possible applications include improving the flow rate of condiment bottles to avoid food waste, and preventing clogs in gas and oil tubes. The project came in second place in the Business Plan Contest and won the Audience Choice Award at the 2012 MIT $100K Entrepreneurship Competition. In March 2015, LiquiGlide signed a deal with Elmer's Products, the first company to use the technology. As of January 2017, the company had raised $25M from investors including Roadmap Capital, Structure Capital, Valia Investments, and Struck Capital. As of 2025, the company is no longer operating.

Flow measurement
Flow measurement is the quantification of bulk fluid movement.  Flow can be measured using devices called flowmeters in various ways. The common types of flowmeters with industrial applications are listed below:

Obstruction type (differential pressure or variable area)

Inferential (turbine type)

Electromagnetic

Positive-displacement flowmeters, which accumulate a fixed volume of fluid and then count the number of times the volume is filled to measure flow.

Fluid dynamic (vortex shedding)

Anemometer

Ultrasonic flow meter

Mass flow meter (Coriolis force).

Flow measurement methods other than positive-displacement flowmeters rely on forces produced by the flowing stream as it overcomes a known constriction, to indirectly calculate flow. Flow may be measured by measuring the velocity of fluid over a known area. For very large flows, tracer methods may be used to deduce the flow rate from the change in concentration of a dye or radioisotope.
Nate Hinze
Nate Hinze (born June 12, 1988) is an American Paralympic wheelchair basketball player from Sheboygan, Wisconsin. He is a three-time Intercollegiate Wheelchair Basketball Champion and is 2010 IWBF World Championship bronze medalist. A year later, he was awarded a gold medal at the 2011 Parapan American Games and on 2012 Summer Paralympics he was awarded with another bronze medal. Besides playing sports he also likes to watch them with his favorite teams being the Green Bay Packers, Milwaukee Brewers and Wisconsin Badgers. He also likes to play videogames and jet ski. Currently he lives in Cedar Grove, Wisconsin and is a fan of Green Bay Packers and Michael Jordan.

Cedar Grove, Wisconsin
Cedar Grove is a village in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, United States, within the Town of Holland. The population was 2,101 at the 2020 census. It is included in the Sheboygan, Wisconsin Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Broken rice
Broken rice is fragments of rice grains, broken in the field, during drying, during transport, or during milling. Mechanical separators are used to separate the broken grains from the whole grains and sort them by size.

Broken rice is fragmented, not considered to be defective, and beside aesthetics, it is equivalent to non-broken rice. It is as nutritious as the equivalent quantity of unbroken rice (i.e. if all the germ and bran remains, it is as nutritious as brown rice; if none remains, it is as nutritious as white rice).

Broken rice has a long history; Ibn Baṭṭūṭa mentions rice couscous in the area of Mali in 1350, presumably made of African rice.

Ibn Battuta
Ibn Battuta (/ˌɪbən bætˈtuːtɑː/; 24 February 1304 – 1368/1369) was a Maghrebi Muslim traveller, explorer and scholar. Over a period of 30 years from 1325 to 1354, he visited much of Africa, Asia, and the Iberian Peninsula. Near the end of his life, Ibn Battuta dictated an account of his journeys, titled A Gift to Those Who Contemplate the Wonders of Cities and the Marvels of Travelling, commonly known as The Rihla. Ibn Battuta travelled more than any other explorer in pre-modern history, totalling around 117,000 km (73,000 mi), surpassing Zheng He with about 50,000 km (31,000 mi) and Marco Polo with 24,000 km (15,000 mi).
Leslie Roberts
Leslie Roberts (born June 28, 1962) is a Canadian municipal politician, and has been a long-time television and radio personality. Prior to being elected, he was a freelance columnist for National Post and Montreal Gazette newspapers. Previously, he was the host of CTV Morning Live in Ottawa, and also hosted a mid-morning radio show on NewsTalk 580 CFRA, and host of The Leslie Roberts Show on CJAD in Montreal. From 2001 he was anchor and senior editor at Global Toronto and host of several programs on CFCF-TV (now CTV Montreal) from 1985 to 2000. He returned to Montreal in 2016 to host a talkshow on CJAD 800.

In the 2025 Montreal municipal election, Roberts stood for Montreal City Council as the Ensemble Montréal candidate in the downtown electoral district of Peter-McGill. He was elected with 56.7% of the vote.

Ville-Marie, Montreal
Ville-Marie (French pronunciation: [vil maʁi]) is the name of a borough (arrondissement) in the centre of Montreal, Quebec. The borough is named after Fort Ville-Marie, the French settlement that would later become Montreal (now Old Montreal), which was located within the present-day borough. Old Montreal is a National Historic Site of Canada.

The borough comprises all of downtown Montreal, including the Quartier des spectacles; Old Montreal and the Old Port; the Centre-Sud area; most of Mount Royal Park as well as Saint Helen's Island and Île Notre-Dame.

In 2016, it had a population of 104,944 and an area of 16.5 square kilometres (6.4 mi2).
WPCE
WPCE (1400 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Portsmouth, Virginia, and serving Hampton Roads.  WPCE is owned and operated by Friendship Cathederal Family Worship Center, Inc.  It airs a traditional urban gospel radio format, with some Christian talk and teaching shows.  The radio studios are on Church Street in Norfolk, Virginia.

WPCE is powered at 1,000 watts non-directional.  The transmitter is off Barnes Road in Chesapeake, Virginia, near Interstate 464.  Programming is also heard on 99-watt FM translator W237FM at 95.3 MHz.

Portsmouth, Virginia
Portsmouth is an independent city in southeastern Virginia, United States. It lies across the Elizabeth River from Norfolk. As of the 2020 census, the population was 97,915. It is the ninth-most populous city in Virginia and is part of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. Due to its strategic location, the city has long been associated with the United States Armed Forces, particularly the Navy. The Norfolk Naval Shipyard is a historic and active Navy facility located in Portsmouth.
Salamiah Mohd Nor
Salamiah binti Mohd Nor (born 21 August 1964)  is a Malaysian politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Temerloh since November 2022 after winning GE15. She is a member of the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), a component party of the Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalition.

Temerloh (federal constituency)
Temerloh is a federal constituency in Temerloh District, Pahang, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 1959.

The federal constituency was created in the 1958 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.
1994 Southwest Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1994 Southwest Conference men's basketball tournament was held March 10–12, 1994, at Reunion Arena in Dallas, Texas.

Number 1 seed Texas defeated 2 seed Texas A&M 87-62 to win their 1st championship and receive the conference's automatic bid to the 1994 NCAA tournament.

Texas A&M Aggies men's basketball
The Texas A&M Aggies men's basketball team represents Texas A&M University in NCAA Division I college basketball. The Aggies compete in the Southeastern Conference. Since 1998, the teams has played its home games at Reed Arena, a 12,989-capacity arena in College Station, Texas on the campus of Texas A&M University. Texas A&M has appeared in the NCAA tournament 17 times, most recently in 2025.
Coulee Conference
The Coulee Conference is a high school athletic conference of medium-sized schools based in west central Wisconsin. Founded in 1926, it is one of Wisconsin's oldest athletic conferences and its member schools are affiliated with the Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association.

Athletic conference
An athletic conference is a collection of sports teams which play competitively against each other in a sports league. In many cases conferences are subdivided into smaller divisions, with the best teams competing at successively higher levels. Conferences often, but not always, include teams from a common geographic region.
Tsola Dragoycheva
Tsola Nincheva Dragoycheva (Bulgarian: Цола Нинчева Драгойчева; 18 August 1898 – 26 May 1993), also known under the pseudonym Sonya, was a Bulgarian politician of the Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP). A member of the illegal armed wing of the party in the 1920s, she spent years in prison and as an émigré in the Soviet Union. After World War II, she held a number of high posts and was part of the nomenklatura. From 1946 until 1990, she was continuously a member of the National Assembly of Bulgaria. On 11 December 1947 she became the first female member of a cabinet in the history of the country.

Nomenklatura
The nomenklatura (Russian: номенклату́ра; from Latin: nomenclatura, system of names) were a category of people within the Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc countries who held various key administrative positions in the bureaucracy, running all spheres of those countries' activity: government, industry, agriculture, education, etc., whose positions were granted only with approval by the communist party of each country or region. While in the Russian language the term номенклатура has the same generic meaning as "nomenclature", in the context of the politics of the Soviet Union it refers to the "party and state nomenklatura", lists of persons vetted for key management, or "nomenklatura lists".
John Robinson (archdeacon of Bedford)
John Robinson (died 1598) was an English priest and academic in the second half of the 16th century.

Robinson was born in Richmondshire and educated at Pembroke College, Cambridge. He was President of St John's College, Oxford, from 1564 to 1572.  He held livings at East Treswell, Fulbeck, Thornton, Great Easton, Brant Broughton, Fishtoft, Caistor, Kingston Bagpuze, Little Gransden (1587–97) and Somersham. Robinson became Precentor of Lincoln Cathedral in 1573; and Archdeacon of Bedford in 1574, holding both positions until his death in 1598.

Brant Broughton
Brant Broughton (pronounced Brew-ton) is a village in the civil parish of Brant Broughton and Stragglethorpe, in the North Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It lies north of the A17 approximately 8 miles (13 km) east of Newark-on-Trent, 12 miles (19 km) north west of Sleaford and 12 miles (19 km) south of Lincoln. In 1921 the parish had a population of 515. On 1 April 1931 the parish was abolished and merged with Stragglethorpe to form "Brant Broughton and Stragglethorpe".
Newark Supergroup
The Newark Supergroup, also known as the Newark Group, is an assemblage of Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic sedimentary and volcanic rocks which outcrop intermittently along the east coast of North America. They were deposited in a series of Triassic basins, the Eastern North American rift basins, approximately 220–190 million years ago. The basins are characterized as aborted rifts, with half-graben geometry, developing parallel to the main rift of the Atlantic Ocean which formed as North America began to separate from Africa. Exposures of the Newark Supergroup extend from South Carolina north to Nova Scotia. Related basins are also found underwater in the Bay of Fundy. The group is named for the city of Newark, New Jersey.

Bay of Fundy
The Bay of Fundy (French: Baie de Fundy) is a bay between the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, with a small portion touching the U.S. state of Maine. It is an arm of the Gulf of Maine and part of the Atlantic Ocean. It has the highest tidal range in the world, averaging about 16 metres (52 ft) due to tidal resonance in its funnel-shaped basin. In one half-day tidal cycle, around 100 billion tonnes (110 billion short tons) of water flows in and out, twice the combined flow of all the world's rivers.
IMPA coding
The Marine Stores Guide is widely considered to be the world’s leading reference source in the marine industry for maritime purchasing and supply. The Guide provides a universal coding system to facilitate communication between crew, owner and supplier, making the specification and supply of goods simple, quick and effective. This aims to bridge the language barrier and offer worldwide shipping companies an easy way to order goods.

This system has been used for over 40 years, growing from a small item list to a 50,000+ unique-items' list. It is the leading reference guide for maritime purchasing and supply.

Language barrier
A language barrier is a figurative phrase used primarily to refer to linguistic barriers to communication, i.e. the difficulties in communication experienced by people or groups originally speaking or writing  different languages (or different dialects in some cases).

Language barrier impedes the formation of interpersonal relationships and can cause misunderstandings that lead to various kinds of serious consequences. These can include conflict, frustration, medical distress, offenses of a criminal nature, violence, and the useless spent of time, effort money, and human life.
L.J. Foret
Lawrence Joseph (L.J.) Foret (June 30, 1930 — September 12, 2002) was an American Cajun musician from the Houma, Louisiana area.

He was a singer and songwriter, played drums, guitar and fiddle. He began his career at age 14 playing with his father in the Town Serenaders; went on to lead his own band, L.J. Foret and His Country Boys. He also hosted a local radio and television show. He was inducted into the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame in 2000, and was awarded the South Louisiana Pioneer Award for songwriting and performing. He is the father of musician Ronnie Foret. Foret died in 2002 at the age of 72.

L.J. Foret Cajun Country Singer, La Louisiane Records (LL-138)

Cajun music
Cajun music (French: Musique cadienne), an emblematic music of Louisiana played by the Cajuns, is rooted in the ballads of the French-speaking Acadians of Canada. Although they are two separate genres, Cajun music is often mentioned in tandem with the Creole-based zydeco music. Both are from southwest Louisiana and share French and African origins. These French Louisiana sounds have influenced American popular music for many decades, especially country music, and have influenced pop culture through mass media, such as television commercials.
2021 World Athletics Relays – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay
The women's 4 × 400 metres relay at the 2021 World Athletics Relays was held over two rounds at Silesian Stadium in Chorzów, Poland, on 1 and 2 May 2021. It was the fifth time this event was contested at the World Athletics Relays. Teams could qualify by achieving the entry standard of 3:31.50 minutes or by their position on the World Athletics top list.

Fourteen national teams competed in round 1, where eight teams advanced to the final. In addition, four teams qualified for the 2020 Summer Olympics and ten teams qualified for the 2022 World Athletics Championships. The final was won by the team of Cuba in 3:28.41 min, the nation's first-ever medal at the World Athletics Relays, followed by the team of Poland in second place in 3:28.81 min and the team of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in third place in 3:29.27 min.

Athletics abbreviations
The sports under the umbrella of athletics, particularly track and field, use a variety of statistics.  In order to report that information efficiently, numerous abbreviations have grown to be common in the sport. Starting in 1948 by Bert Nelson and Cordner Nelson, Track & Field News became the leader in creating and defining abbreviations in this field. These abbreviations have also been adopted by, among others: World Athletics, the world governing body; various domestic governing bodies; the Association of Track and Field Statisticians; the Association of Road Racing Statisticians; the Associated Press; and individual media outlets who receive their reports. These abbreviations also appear in Wikipedia.
Marie-Philippe Coupin de la Couperie
Marie-Philippe Coupin de la Couperie (1773, Sèvres - 1851, Versailles) was a French painter of the Troubadour style. He was a friend of the painter Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson.

Among his patrons were Joséphine de Beauharnais, who bought his The Tragic Love of Francesca da Rimini for her gallery at Château de Malmaison.  He became professor of drawing at two French military schools:  the Prytanée National Militaire and then the Ecole Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr.

Sèvres
Sèvres (/ˈsɛvrə/, French: [sɛvʁ(ə)] ⓘ) is a French commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris. It is located 9.9 kilometres (6.2 miles) from the centre of Paris, in the Hauts-de-Seine department in the Île-de-France region. As of 2023, the population of the commune was 22,303. The commune is known for its famous porcelain production at the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres, which was also where the Treaty of Sèvres (1920) was signed.
Licinia gens
The gens Licinia was a celebrated plebeian family at ancient Rome, which appears from the earliest days of the Republic until imperial times, and which eventually obtained the imperial dignity. The first of the gens to obtain the consulship was Gaius Licinius Calvus Stolo, who, as tribune of the plebs from 376 to 367 BC, prevented the election of any of the annual magistrates, until the patricians acquiesced to the passage of the lex Licinia Sextia, or Licinian Rogations. This law, named for Licinius and his colleague, Lucius Sextius, opened the consulship for the first time to the plebeians. Licinius himself was subsequently elected consul in 364 and 361 BC, and from this time, the Licinii became one of the most illustrious gentes in the Republic.

Lusitanians
The Lusitanians were an Indo-European-speaking people living in the far west of the Iberian Peninsula, in present-day central Portugal and the regions of Extremadura and Castilla y León of Spain. It is uncertain whether the Lusitanians were Celts or Celticized Iberians, related to the Lusones. After its conquest by the Romans, the land was subsequently incorporated as a Roman province named after them (Lusitania).
2008 Australian Swimming Championships
The 2008 Telstra Australian Swimming Championships were held at the Sydney Olympic Park Aquatic Centre in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia from 22–29 March 2008. The championships were used as the Australian trials for the 2008 Olympic Games squad.

Like all previous Australian swimming trials, the championships program mirrored the 2008 Olympic swimming program with the addition of the non-Olympic events – 50 m backstroke, breaststroke and butterfly; 800 m freestyle (men) and 1500 m freestyle (women).

Sydney Olympic Park Aquatic Centre
The Sydney Olympic Park Aquatic Centre (SOPAC), formerly Sydney International Aquatic Centre (SIAC), is a swimming venue located in the Sydney Olympic Park in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Built in 1994, the SOPAC was a major venue for the 2000 Summer Olympics as it hosted the swimming, diving, synchronized swimming, the medal events for water polo, and the swimming portion of the modern pentathlon competitions. The SOPAC has since been a host venue for numerous schools and swimming associations around New South Wales. Currently, it has most notably been the venue for the annual CAS Swimming Championships. It is also scheduled to be the site of the 2022 Duel in the Pool. The SOPAC also includes a swim shop at the entry of the arena, a play area, a health club and operates swimming classes for all ages.

The arena currently holds 10,000 people. Capacity was boosted to 17,000 during the 2000 Summer Olympics.
Canton of Mirepoix
The canton of Mirepoix (French: Canton de Mirepoix) is an administrative division of the Ariège department, southern France. Its borders were not modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Mirepoix.

Ariège (department)
Ariège (French pronunciation: [aʁjɛʒ] ⓘ; Occitan: Arièja [aɾiˈɛdʒɔ]) is a department in southwestern France, located in the region of Occitanie. It is named after the river Ariège and its capital is Foix. Ariège is known for its rural landscape, with a population of 153,287 as of 2019. Its INSEE and postal code is 09. The inhabitants of the department are known as Ariègeois or Ariègeoises.
South Dakota's 33rd legislative district
South Dakota's 33rd legislative district is one of 35 districts in the South Dakota Legislature. Each district elects one senator and two representatives. In the state senate, it has been represented by Republican David Johnson since 2021. In the state house, it has been represented by Republicans Phil Jensen since 2021 and Curt Massie since 2023.

Phil Jensen
Phil Jensen (born July 24, 1952), is an American politician from Pennington County, South Dakota who is a current member of the South Dakota House of Representatives and has served as a Republican member of the South Dakota Senate representing District 33 from 2013 to 2021. Jensen served consecutively in the South Dakota Legislature from January 2009 until January 8, 2013 in the South Dakota House of Representatives District 33 seat. He currently serves as the Chairman of the South Dakota Freedom Caucus. He supplements his legislative income as a cookware dealer.
Mrozek
Mrozek, Mrożek, and Mrózek are Polish surnames.Notable people with this surname include:

Bartosz Mrozek (born 2000), Polish footballer

Fabian Mrozek (born 2003), Polish footballer

Irmina Mrózek Gliszczyńska (born 1992), Polish sailor

Jacques Mrozek (born 1950), French figure skater

Marcin Mrożek (born 1990), Polish cyclist

Sławomir Mrożek (1930–2013), Polish dramatist

Sławomir Mrożek
Sławomir Tangolo Mrożek (Polish pronunciation: [swaˈvɔmir ˈmrɔʐɛk]; 29 June 1930 – 15 August 2013) was a Polish playwright.

Mrożek joined the Polish United Workers' Party during the reign of Stalinism in the People's Republic of Poland, and made a living as a political journalist. He began writing plays in the late 1950s. His theatrical works belong to the genre of absurdist fiction, intended to shock the audience with non-realistic elements, political and historic references, distortion, and parody.

In 1963 he emigrated to Italy and France, then further to Mexico. In 1996 he returned to Poland and settled in Kraków. In 2008 he moved back to France. He died in Nice at the age of 83.
1P-MiPLA
1P-MiPLA, also known as 1-propanoyl-lysergic acid methylisopropylamide (1-propanoyl-MiPLA), is a designer drug and presumed serotonergic psychedelic of the lysergamide family related to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It is the 1-propanoyl derivative of MiPLA and may act as a prodrug of MiPLA. 1P-MiPLA has been discussed on specialized online forums since 2018. In addition, a designer drug product labeled "1P-MiPLA" but actually containing MiPLA was encountered in Austria in 2019.

Prodrug
A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be used to improve how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME).

Prodrugs are often designed to improve bioavailability when a drug itself is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A prodrug may be used to improve how selectively the drug interacts with cells or processes that are not its intended target.  This reduces adverse or unintended effects of a drug, especially important in treatments like chemotherapy, which can have severe unintended and undesirable side effects.