hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ghulam Murshid
Ghulam Murshid (8 April 1940 – 22 August 2024) was a Bangladeshi author, scholar and journalist based in London. He won a number of awards, including the Bangla Academy Literary Award in 1982 for his contribution to research; the Prothom Alo Book Award in 2007; the IFIC literary prize 2018; and the Ekushey Padak for language and literature in 2021

Prothom Alo
Prothom Alo (Bengali: প্রথম আলো) is a Bengali-language daily newspaper in Bangladesh, published from Dhaka. It is one of the most widely circulated newspapers in Bangladesh. According to the National Media Survey of 2018, conducted by Kantar MRB Bangladesh, Prothom Alo has a daily readership of more than 6.6 million online. According to Alexa Internet, an American web traffic analysis company, the online portal of Prothom Alo is the most visited Bengali website in the world. The paper failed to print the 19 December 2025 issue for the first time during its 27 years of operation due to an attack on its office and bureaus.
Computing with words and perceptions
In computing with words and perceptions (CWP), the objects of computation are words, perceptions, and propositions drawn from a natural language.  The central theme of CWP is the concept of a generalised constraint.  The meaning of a proposition is expressed as a generalised constraint.

CWP is a necessary tool when the available information is perception-based or not precise enough to use numbers.

Constraint (mathematics)
In mathematics, a constraint is a condition of an optimization problem that the solution must satisfy. There are several types of constraints—primarily equality constraints, inequality constraints, and integer constraints. The set of candidate solutions that satisfy all constraints is called the feasible set.
The Way That I Am
The Way That I Am is the second studio album by American country music singer Martina McBride, released on September 14, 1993, through RCA Nashville. It was certified Platinum on May 15, 1995, by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). This was her breakthrough album, producing her first Top 5 hit in "My Baby Loves Me", which was previously released as a single by Canadian singer Patricia Conroy from her 1992 album Bad Day for Trains. McBride's version was a number 2 hit on the Hot Country Songs. Also released as singles from this album were "Life #9" at number 6, "Independence Day" at number 12, "Heart Trouble" at number 21, and "Where I Used to Have a Heart" at number 49.

Bad Day for Trains
Bad Day for Trains is the second studio album by Canadian country music singer-songwriter Patricia Conroy, and was released in 1992 by Warner Music Canada. The album was named Album of the Year by the Canadian Country Music Association in 1993.
Weightlifting at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's 69 kg
The women's 69 kilograms weightlifting event was the fifth women's event at the weightlifting competition, with competitors limited to a maximum of 69 kilograms of body mass. The whole competition took place on August 13, but was divided in two parts due to the number of competitors. Group B weightlifters competed at 12:30, and Group A, at 15:30. This event was the eighth Weightlifting event to conclude.

Each lifter performed in both the snatch and clean and jerk lifts, with the final score being the sum of the lifter's best result in each. The athlete received three attempts in each of the two lifts; the score for the lift was the heaviest weight successfully lifted.

Snatch (weightlifting)
The snatch is the first of two lifts contested in the sport of weightlifting (also known as Olympic weightlifting) followed by the clean and jerk. The objective of the snatch is to lift the barbell from the ground to overhead in one continuous motion. There are four main styles of snatch used: snatch (full snatch or squat snatch), split snatch, power snatch, and muscle snatch.  The full lift is the most common style used in competition, while power snatches and muscle snatches are mostly used for training purposes, and split snatches are now rarely used. Any of these lifts can be performed from the floor, from the hang position, or from blocks. In competition, only lifts from the floor are allowed.
Adam Zotovich
Adam Zotovich is a Broadway performer and producer.  He is best known for being among the producers of The Color Purple's theatrical adaptation. As of 2014, Zotovich has produced eight shows that have spawned tours, a London engagement and have grossed a total of more than $245 million. As a performer, he has also been credited as an understudy, swing or replacement in shows such as The Wedding Singer, Contact, and revivals of Fiddler on the Roof and  Chicago.

Contact (musical)
Contact is a musical "dance play"  that was developed by Susan Stroman and John Weidman, with its "book" by Weidman and both choreography and direction by Stroman. It ran both Off-Broadway and on Broadway in 1999–2002.  It consists of three separate one-act dance plays.
Los Nocheros
Los Nocheros is a pop-folk music group from Salta, Argentina. Composed of Mario Teruel, Rubén Ehizaguirre, Kike Teruel and Álvaro Teruel (who replaced Jorge Rojas when the latter pursued a solo career in 2005), their 1994 debut album was titled Con El Alma. Los Nocheros gained fame during appearances at the National Folklore Festival in Cosquín, Córdoba. Receiving numerous local awards, they were nominated for a Best Folk Album award at the Latin Grammy Awards of 2005. Their album sales have totaled around 2,000,000 in Argentina alone. Among the 21 albums the group has released as of 2009, Signos (1998) and Señal de Amor (2001) have been the most successful, with 500,000 and 250,000 sales, each.

Salta
Salta (Spanish: [ˈsalta]) is the capital and largest city in the Argentine province of the same name. With a population of 627,704 according to the 2022 census, it is also the 7th most-populous city in Argentina. The city serves as the cultural and economic center of the Valle de Lerma Metropolitan Area (Spanish: Área Metropolitana del Valle de Lerma, AMVL), which is home to over 50.9% of the population of Salta Province and also includes the municipalities of La Caldera, Vaqueros, Campo Quijano, Rosario de Lerma, Cerrillos, La Merced and San Lorenzo. Salta is the seat of the Capital Department, the most populous department in the province.
Huddart
Huddart is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Claire Huddart (born 1971), British swimmer

Dick Huddart (1936–2021), English-Australian rugby league footballer (father of Milton)

James Huddart (1847–1901), British shipowner

John J. Huddart (1856–1930), British-American architect

Joseph Huddart (1741–1816), British hydrographer

Milton Huddart (1960–2015), English rugby league footballer (son of Dick)

Milton Huddart
Milton Huddart (7 October 1960  – 14 March 2015), also known by the nickname of "Milt", was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s. He played at representative level for England and Cumbria (captain), and at club level for Kells A.R.L.F.C., Whitehaven, Carlisle, Canberra Raiders and Leigh as a loose forward.
1955 NCAA men's ice hockey tournament
The 1955 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1954–55 NCAA men's ice hockey season, the eighth such tournament in NCAA history. It was held between March 10 and 12, 1955, and concluded with Michigan defeating Colorado College 5–3. All games were played at the Broadmoor Ice Palace in Colorado Springs, Colorado.

Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey
The Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Colorado College. The Tigers are a member of the National Collegiate Hockey Conference. They began play at Ed Robson Arena on the CC campus in Colorado Springs starting in the 2021 season.
R-4D
The R-4D is a small hypergolic rocket engine, originally designed by Marquardt Corporation for use as a reaction control system thruster on vehicles of the Apollo crewed Moon landing program. Aerojet Rocketdyne manufactures and markets modern versions of the R-4D.

Hypergolic propellant
A hypergolic propellant is a rocket engine propellant, the components of which spontaneously ignite upon contact with each other.

The two components usually consist of a fuel and an oxidizer. The advantages of hypergolic propellants are that they can be stored at room temperature, and that rocket engines can be ignited reliably and repeatedly. Common hypergolic propellants are difficult to handle due to high toxicity or corrosiveness.

In contemporary usage, the terms "hypergol" and "hypergolic propellant" usually refer to the most common combination: dinitrogen tetroxide plus hydrazine.
Carboneras Fault
The Carboneras Fault or Carboneras Fault Zone is major sinistral (left-lateral) strike-slip fault in the Province of Almería, southern Spain. It has a NE–SW trend and forms part of the Eastern Betic Shear Zone. It extends for about 50 km onshore, but is interpreted to continue offshore into the Alboran Sea for at least a further 90 km. It is thought to be seismically active and movement on the offshore part of this fault may have been responsible for the 1522 Almería earthquake.

Active fault
An active fault is a fault that is likely to become the source of another earthquake sometime in the future. Geologists commonly consider faults to be active if there has been movement observed or evidence of seismic activity during the last 10,000 years.

Active faulting is considered to be a geologic hazard – one related to earthquakes as a cause. Effects of movement on an active fault include strong ground motion, surface faulting, tectonic deformation, landslides and rockfalls, liquefaction, tsunamis, and seiches.

Quaternary faults are those active faults that have been recognized at the surface and which have evidence of movement during the Quaternary Period.

Related geological disciplines for active-fault studies include geomorphology, seismology, reflection seismology, plate tectonics, geodetics and remote sensing, risk analysis, and others.
Moskvoretskaya Embankment
Moskvoretskaya Embankment (Russian: Москворецкая Набережная) is a major street, located in the Kitay-Gorod administrative district in central Moscow, running along the Moskva River.

It stretches from Kremlin Embankment, near Red Square in the west, until the mouth of Yauza River in the east. The avenue ends close to one of Joseph Stalin's Seven Sisters building on the Kotelnicheskaya Embankment. Nearly a kilometer long, until recently the embankment housed only two structures - Rossiya Hotel (demolished 2006-2007), and the historical Moscow Orphanage.

Moskva (river)
The Moskva (/məsˈkvɑː/ məs-KVAH or /ˈmɒskvə/ MOS-kvə; Russian: Москва) is a river that flows through Western Russia. It rises about 140 km (90 mi) west of Moscow and flows roughly east through the Smolensk and Moscow Oblasts, passing through central Moscow. About 110 km (70 mi) southeast of Moscow, at the city of Kolomna, it flows into the Oka, itself a tributary of the Volga, which ultimately flows into the Caspian Sea.
Covert Warfare
Covert Warfare:  Intelligence, Counterintelligence and Military Deception During the World War II Era is an eighteen volume book edited by John Mendelsohn and published in 1989 by Garland.

The series contains sanitized versions of selected previously classified documents from the National Archives record groups.

Library of Congress Classification: D810.S7 (D810S7C66)

Dewey Decimal Classification: 940.5485

Garland Science
Garland Science was a publishing group that specialized in developing textbooks in a wide range of life sciences subjects, including cell and molecular biology, immunology, protein chemistry, genetics, and bioinformatics. It was a subsidiary of the Taylor & Francis Group.
Syndesmotic screw
A syndesmotic screw is a metal screw designed to replace the syndesmosis of the human body, usually temporarily. If the syndosmosis is torn apart as result of bone fracture, surgeons will sometimes fix the relevant bones together with a syndesmotic screw, temporarily replacing the normal articulation.

A syndesmotic screw designed to replace the inferior tibiofibular articulation that fix the tibia and fibula together at the lower joint, is 5–6 cm long and made of a stainless, solid metal.

The screw may inhibit normal movement of the bones and, thereby, the corresponding joint(s). When the natural articulation is healed, the screw may be removed.

Inferior tibiofibular joint
The inferior tibiofibular joint, also known as the distal tibiofibular joint (tibiofibular syndesmosis), is formed by the rough, convex surface of the medial side of the distal end of the fibula, and a rough concave surface on the lateral side of the tibia.

Below, to the extent of about 4 mm, these surfaces are smooth and covered with cartilage, which is continuous with that of the ankle joint.

The ligaments are:

Anterior ligament of the lateral malleolus

Posterior ligament of the lateral malleolus

Interosseous membrane of leg

The inferior transverse ligament of the tibiofibular syndesmosis is included in older versions of Gray's Anatomy, but not in Terminologia Anatomica. However, it still appears in some anatomy textbooks.

It should not be confused with the superior tibiofibular joint, which is the only synovial tibiofibular joint, and is sometimes simply called the "tibiofibular articulation".
Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority
The Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority (PRASA; Spanish: Autoridad de Acueductos y Alcantarillados de Puerto Rico) is a water company and the government-owned corporation responsible for water quality, management, and supply in Puerto Rico, a US insular area. PRASA is the only entity authorized to conduct such business in Puerto Rico, effectively making it a government monopoly.

Water industry
The water industry provides drinking water and wastewater services (including sewage treatment) to residential, commercial, and industrial sectors of the economy. Typically, public utilities operate water supply networks. The water industry does not include manufacturers and suppliers of bottled water, which is part of the beverage production and belongs to the food sector.

The water industry includes water engineering, operations, water and wastewater plant construction, equipment supply and specialist water treatment chemicals, among others.

The water industry is at the service of other industries, e.g. of the food sector which produces beverages such as bottled water.
Rosella Bjornson
Rosella Marie Bjornson, AOE (born July 13, 1947) is a retired Canadian airline pilot, who was the first woman in North America to be hired as a First Officer for a Canadian airline and the first woman member of the Canadian Air Line Pilots Association, International.

Air Line Pilots Association, International
The Air Line Pilots Association, International (ALPA) is the largest pilot union in the world, representing more than 80,000 pilots from 42 US and Canadian airlines. ALPA was founded on 27 July 1931 and is a member of the AFL-CIO and the Canadian Labour Congress. Known internationally as US-ALPA, ALPA is also a member of the IFALPA.

The association has been a staunch proponent of the "1,500-hour rule", which requires pilots for commercial airlines to log 1,500 hours of flying before they can obtain their license, which is vastly higher than the rules in other countries and has substantially increased the costs and time for prospective pilots to obtain certification.
Adam Starchild
Adam Aristotle Starchild (born Malcolm Willis McConahy; 20 September 1946 – 22 September 2006) was a financial consultant, convicted fraudster, key figure in the "perpetual traveler" movement, and prolific author of books relating to investment, taxation, and the "offshore" world.

Loompanics
Loompanics Unlimited was an American book seller and publisher specializing in nonfiction on generally unconventional or controversial topics. The topics in their title list included drugs, weapons, survivalism, anarchism, sex, conspiracy theories, and so on. Many of their titles describe some kind of illicit or extralegal actions, such as Counterfeit I.D. Made Easy and Opium for the Masses, while others are purely informative, such as Uninhabited Ocean Islands, How to Buy Land Cheap and The Muckraker's Manual (recommended by Stewart Brand).
Alexander F. Garvie
Alexander Femister Garvie (1934–2024) was a Scottish Classicist and Emeritus Professor of Classics at the University of Glasgow. Garvie's career at Glasgow spanned 39 years across the Departments of Greek and Classics, rising from Assistant Lecturer in 1960 to Professor of Classics in 1998. He is best known for his commentaries on Aeschylus, and especially for his seminal commentary on Aeschylus' Choephori.

The Persians
The Persians (Ancient Greek: Πέρσαι, romanized: Pérsai, Latinised as Persae) is an ancient Greek tragedy written during the Classical period of Ancient Greece by the Greek tragedian Aeschylus. It is the second and only surviving part of a now otherwise lost trilogy that won the first prize at the dramatic competitions in Athens' City Dionysia festival in 472 BC, with Pericles serving as choregos. It is Aeschylus' oldest surviving play, and, by extension, the oldest surviving piece of ancient Greek drama.
Washington SyCip Park
14°33′14″N 121°01′05″E﻿ / ﻿14.55387°N 121.01811°E﻿ / 14.55387; 121.01811

Washington SyCip Park is a privately owned public park near Greenbelt mall in Legaspi Village, Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines. The park opened in 2006 and was named after Filipino accountant and banker Washington SyCip. In addition to many indigenous tropical trees and plants, the park contains gazebos and recreational spaces.

The park is open daily from 06:00 to 22:00 PST (GMT+8). It is a no-smoking, no pet zone.

Philippine Standard Time
Philippine Standard Time (PST or PhST; Filipino: Pamantayang Oras ng Pilipinas), also known as Philippine Time (PHT), is the official name for the time zone used in the Philippines. The country only uses a single time zone, at an offset of UTC+08:00, but used daylight saving time for brief periods in November 1, 1936 until September 20, 1978.
The Rigorous Fate
The Rigorous Fate (Spanish: El rigor del destino), also released as The Sternness of Fate, is a 1985 Argentine drama-historical film written and directed by Gerardo Vallejo. It stars Carlos Carella, Víctor Laplace, Leonor Manso, and Ana María Picchio. The film was released on August 29, 1985, and was awarded the Golden Columbus Award at the Ibero-American Film Festival of Huelva that same year. It was entered into the 14th Moscow International Film Festival.

Huelva
Huelva (US: /ˈhwɛlvə/ WHEL-və, Spanish: [ˈwelβa] ⓘ, locally [ˈɡweɾβa]) is a municipality of Spain and the capital of the province of Huelva, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Located in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula, it sits between the estuaries of the Odiel and Tinto rivers on the Atlantic coast of the Gulf of Cádiz. According to the 2010 census, the city had a population of 149,410.

While the existence of an earlier pre-Phoenician settlement within the current urban limits since c. 1250 BC has been tentatively defended by scholars, Phoenicians established a stable colony roughly by the 9th century BC. Modern economic activity conformed to copper and pyrite extraction upstream funded by British capital and to the role of its port, as well as with the later development of a petrochemical industry.

Huelva is home to Recreativo de Huelva, the oldest football club in Spain.
Haaniidae
The Haaniidae are a new (2019) family of praying mantids, based on the type genus Haania.  The first use of "Haaniidae" was by Ermanno Giglio-Tos and it was revived as part of a major revision of mantid taxonomy; genera in the subfamily Haaniinae havie been moved here from the family Thespidae.

The new placement is in superfamily Haanioidea (of group Cernomantodea) and infraorder Schizomantodea.  Genera in this family have been recorded from: India, Indochina and Malesia through to New Guinea.

Malesia
Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the Equator and the boundaries of the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. It is a phytogeographical floristic region in the Paleotropical kingdom. It was first recognized as a distinct region in 1857 by Heinrich Zollinger, a Swiss botanist and explorer. The precise boundaries used to define Malesia vary. The broadly defined area used in Flora Malesiana consists of the countries of Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, the Philippines, Timor-Leste and Papua New Guinea. The original definition by the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) covered a similar area, but New Guinea and some offshore islands were split off as Papuasia in its 2001 version.
USS Venture (MSO-496)
USS Venture (AM-496/MSO-496) was an Aggressive-class minesweeper acquired by the U.S. Navy for the task of removing mines that had been placed in the water to prevent the safe passage of ships.

The third ship to be named Venture by the Navy, MSO-496 was laid down on 11 January 1955 at Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, by Broward Marine Inc. as AM-496; redesignated MSO-496 on 7 February 1955; launched on 27 November 1956; sponsored by Mrs. Leroy Williams, wife of the Governor of Florida; and commissioned on 3 February 1958.

Panama City, Florida
Panama City is a city in and the county seat of Bay County, Florida, United States. Located along U.S. Highway 98 (US 98), it is the largest city between Tallahassee and Pensacola. It is the most populous city in Bay County and a principal city of the Panama City–Panama City Beach, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area, which has a population of approximately 200,534. According to the 2020 United States census, the city's population was 32,939 (excluding Panama City Beach).
Makorongoni
Makorongoni is an administrative ward in the Iringa Urban district of the Iringa Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 8,151 people in the ward, from 7,790 in 2012.: 89 : 107

Iringa Urban District
Iringa Urban District is one of the five districts of the Iringa Region of Tanzania. It is bordered to the north, east, and west by the Iringa Rural District and to the south by the Kilolo District.

According to the 2022 census, the population of the Iringa Urban District was 202,490.
James D. Hornfischer
James D. Hornfischer (November 18, 1965 – June 2, 2021) was an American literary agent, author, and naval historian.

A one-time book editor at the publishing company HarperCollins in New York, Hornfischer was later president of Hornfischer Literary Management, a literary agency in Austin, Texas.

Pritzker Military Museum & Library
The Pritzker Military Museum & Library (formerly Pritzker Military Library) is a non-profit museum and research library for the study of military history located in a state-of-the art facility in Kenosha, WI. The institution was founded in 2003, and its specialist collections include material relating to Winston Churchill and war-related sheet music.
George Aiton
George Wilson Aiton (December 29, 1890 – August 16, 1976) was a Major League Baseball player. Aiton played for the St. Louis Browns in the 1912 season. He only played in ten games for the Browns, having four hits in seventeen at-bats. He played minor league baseball for the Clay Center Cubs of the Central Kansas League

Aiton was born in Kingman, Kansas and died in North Hollywood, California.

Central Kansas League
The Central Kansas League was a Class D level baseball league established in 1908, playing through 1912. Member teams were based exclusively in Kansas. The Central Kansas League evolved from and into the Kansas State League.