hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
All My Trials
"All My Trials" is a folk song which became popular during the social protest movements of the late 1950s and 1960s. Alternative titles it has been recorded under include "Bahamian Lullaby" and "All My Sorrows." The origins of the song are unclear, as it appears to not have been documented in any musicological or historical records (such as the Roud Folk Song Index, Archive of American Folk Song, or an ethnomusicologist's field recordings or notes) until after the first commercial recording was released (as "Bahamian Lullaby") on Bob Gibson's 1956 debut album Offbeat Folksongs.

Ethnomusicology
Ethnomusicology is the multidisciplinary study of music in its cultural context. The discipline investigates social, cognitive, biological, comparative, and other dimensions. Ethnomusicologists study music as a reflection of culture and investigate the act of music-making through various immersive, observational, and analytical approaches. This discipline emerged from comparative musicology, initially focusing on non-Western music, but later expanded to embrace the study of all different music.

The practice of ethnomusicology relies on direct engagement and performance, as well as academic work. Fieldwork takes place among those who make the music, engaging local languages and culture as well as music. Ethnomusicologists can become participant observers, learning to perform the music they are studying. Fieldworkers also collect recordings and contextual data.
Chŏng Hongnae
Chŏng Hongnae (Korean: 정홍래; Hanja: 鄭弘來; 1720 – ?) also known as Jeong Hong-rae, was an 18th-century Korean court painter who worked within the Tohwasŏ (Royal Bureau of Painting). He often painted scenes from nature, particularly birds of prey. He was also referred to by the nicknames Manhyang (만향; 晩香) and Kugo (국오; 菊塢).

Tohwasŏ
Tohwasŏ (Korean: 도화서; Hanja: 圖畫署), translated as Korean Royal Academy of Painting, was an administrative office of the Joseon period responsible for drawing pictures requested by other government offices. It was originally called Tohwawŏn (도화원) during the Goryeo period until it was later renamed under Yejong, but its class was dropped, and the office was later renamed to Tohwasŏ.
Doris Anderson
Doris Hilda Anderson, CC OOnt (November 10, 1921 – March 2, 2007) was a Canadian author, journalist and women's rights activist. She is best known as the editor of the women's magazine Chatelaine, mixing traditional content (recipes, décor) with thorny social issues of the day (violence against women, pay equality, abortion, race, poverty), putting the magazine on the front lines of the feminist movement in Canada. Her activism beyond the magazine helped drive social and political change, enshrining women's equality in the Canadian Constitution and making her one of the most well-known names in the women's movement in Canada.

Governor General's Awards
The Governor General's Awards are a collection of annual awards presented by the governor general of Canada, recognizing distinction in numerous academic, artistic, and social fields.

The first award was conceived and inaugurated in 1937 by the Lord Tweedsmuir, a prolific writer of fiction and non-fiction; he created the Governor General's Literary Award with two award categories. Successive governors general have followed suit, establishing an award for whichever endeavour they personally found important. Only Adrienne Clarkson created three Governor General's Awards: the Governor General's Award in Visual and Media Arts, the Governor General's Northern Medal, and the Governor General's Medal in Architecture (though this was effectively a continuation of the Massey Medal, first established in 1950).
Werdenfels Castle
The ruins of Werdenfels Castle (German: Burg Werdenfels) stand about 80 metres above the Loisach valley  between Garmisch and Farchant in the county of Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Upper Bavaria. The spur castle was used until 1632 as the administrative centre of the County of Werdenfels, but began to fall into disrepair thereafter.

The castle ruins are freely accessible and are a popular hiking destination with a good view of Garmisch-Partenkirchen and the Wetterstein Mountains.

Garmisch-Partenkirchen (district)
Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Bavarian: Garmasch-Partakurch) is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the districts of Ostallgäu, Weilheim-Schongau and Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen, and by the Austrian state of Tyrol.
USS Breese
USS Breese (DD-122) was a Wickes-class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War I, and later redesignated, DM-18 in World War II. She was the only ship named for Captain Kidder Breese.

Commissioned as a destroyer in 1919, she undertook a number of patrol and training duties along the East Coast of the United States until being decommissioned in 1922. Overhauled in 1931, she returned to service with the United States Pacific Fleet on training and patrol for the next 10 years. She was present during the attack on Pearl Harbor, and following this she supported several operations during the war, laying minefields and sweeping for mines in the Pacific. Following the end of the war, she was sold for scrap in 1946 and broken up.

United States Naval Institute
The United States Naval Institute (USNI) is a private non-profit military association that offers independent, nonpartisan forums for debate of national security issues. In addition to publishing magazines and books, the Naval Institute holds several annual conferences. The Naval Institute is based in Annapolis, Maryland.

Established in 1873, the Naval Institute claimed "almost 50,000 members" in 2020, mostly active and retired personnel of the United States Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard. The organization also has members in over 90 countries.

The organization has no official or funding ties to the United States Naval Academy or the United States Navy, though it is based on the grounds of the Naval Academy through permission granted by a 1936 Act of Congress.
Kubo gap
In atomic physics, the kubo gap is the average spacing that exists between consecutive energy levels. The units of measure are meV or millielectron volts. It varies with an inverse relationship to the nuclearity.

As the material in question is viewed from the bulk and atomic levels, we can see that the kubo gap goes from a smaller to larger value respectively. As the kubo gap increases there is also a decrease in the density of states located at the Fermi level. The kubo gap can also have an effect on the properties associated with the material. It is possible to control the kubo gap which will then cause the system to become metallic or nonmetallic. The electrical conductivity and magnetic susceptibility are also both influenced by the kubo gap and vary according to the relative size of the kubo gap.

Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter.

Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the atom as a whole, including its electrons.

Discoveries in nuclear physics have led to applications in many fields such as nuclear power, nuclear weapons, nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging, industrial and agricultural isotopes, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating in geology and archaeology. Such applications are studied in the field of nuclear engineering.

Particle physics evolved out of nuclear physics and the two fields are typically taught in close association. Nuclear astrophysics, the application of nuclear physics to astrophysics, is crucial in explaining the inner workings of stars and the origin of the chemical elements.
Glimmerstone
Glimmerstone is a historic mansion house on Vermont Route 131, west of the village center of Cavendish, Vermont.  Built 1844–47, it is a distinctive example of Gothic Revival architecture, built using a regional construction style called "snecked ashlar" out of locally quarried stone flecked with mica.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

Mica
Micas (/ˈmaɪkəz/ MY-kəz) are a group of silicate minerals whose outstanding physical characteristic is that individual mica crystals can easily be split into fragile elastic plates. This characteristic is described as perfect basal cleavage. Mica is common in igneous and metamorphic rock and is occasionally found as small flakes in sedimentary rock. It is particularly prominent in many granites, pegmatites, and schists, and "books" (large individual crystals) of mica several feet across have been found in some pegmatites.

Micas are used in products such as drywalls, paints, and fillers, especially in parts for automobiles, roofing, and in electronics. The mineral is used in cosmetics and food to add "shimmer" or "frost".
The Screaming of the Valkyries
The Screaming of the Valkyries is the fourteenth studio album by English extreme metal band Cradle of Filth. It was released on 21 March 2025 via Napalm Records. This is the first album with new guitarist Donny Burbage, the final album to feature guitarist Marek "Ashok" Šmerda, and the only studio album to feature Zoe Marie Federoff on keyboards and female vocals.

Extreme metal
Extreme metal is a loosely defined umbrella term for a number of related heavy metal music subgenres that have developed since the early 1980s. It has been defined as a "cluster of metal subgenres characterized by sonic, verbal, and visual transgression", and refers to metal that is harsher, heavier, more aggressive and less commercialized than other subgenres. Extreme metal is generally underground music that values authenticity and strives to remain outside the mainstream. The term usually includes thrash metal, death metal, black metal and doom metal. Some definitions do not recognise doom metal, or consider that only some of its subgenres are extreme. Most extreme metal styles have very fast tempos and originally took inspiration from hardcore punk.
Samaon Sulaiman
Samaon Sulaiman was a Filipino musician who was a recipient of the National Living Treasure award. The Maguindanaon was known for his mastery of the indigenous kutyapi instrument.

Born on 3 March 1953, Sulaiman first learned to play the kutyapi at around 13 years old from his uncle. By the time he was 35 years old, he was already recognized in Maganoy for his skills in playing the instrument as well as being a teacher to aspiring kutyapi practitioners. He is credited with influencing other local experts in his area such as Esmael Ahmad, Bitul Sulaiman, Nguda Latip, Ali Ahmad and Tukal Nanalon. Sulaiman also played the kulintang, agong (suspended bossed gong with a wide rim), gandingan, palendag, and the tambul.

He was a barber, as well as an imam at the Libutan mosque. He died on 21 May 2011.

Palendag
The palendag, also called Pulalu (Manobo and Mansaka), Palandag (Bagobo), Pulala (Bukidnon) and Lumundeg (Banuwaen) is a type of Philippine bamboo flute, the largest one used by the Maguindanaon, a smaller type of this instrument is called the Hulakteb (Bukidnon). A lip-valley flute, it is considered the toughest of the three bamboo flutes (the others being the tumpong and the suling) to use because of the way one must shape one's lips against its tip to make a sound. The construction of the mouthpiece is such that the lower end is cut diagonally to accommodate the lower lip and the second diagonal cut is make for the blowing edge. Among the Bukidnon, a similar instrument with the same construction except that it is three-fourths the length of the palendag, is called the hulakteb

For the Maguindanaon, the palendag was used for intimate gatherings for families in the evening.
Mohamed Tiaïba
Mohamed Tiaïba (Arabic: محمد طيايبة, born July 26, 1988) is an Algerian professional footballer who plays as a forward for MO Constantine.

In June 2016, Tiaiba signed a one-year contract with Qatargas League club Al-Markhiya .

In September 2020, Tiaiba signed a one-year contract with Prince Mohammad bin Salman League club Al-Tai .

Saudi First Division League
The Saudi First Division League (FDL), also known as the Yelo League for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league in Saudi Arabia and serves as the second tier of the Saudi football league system. It ranks directly below the Saudi Pro League and above the Saudi Second Division League.
Harsh Goenka
Harsh Vardhan Goenka (born 23 December 1957) is an Indian industrialist and the chairman of RPG Enterprises, a Mumbai-based business conglomerate comprising over fifteen companies operating sectors, including infrastructure, tyres, information technology, and life sciences.

According to Forbes, Goenka was ranked 1,045th on the 2024 list of global billionaires and 76th on Forbes India’s list of the country’s 100 richest individuals, with an estimated net worth of US$4.1 billion as of October 2024.

Billionaire
A billionaire is a person whose net worth is at least one billion units of a given currency, typically USD. It is a sub-category of the concept of the ultra high-net-worth individual. The American business magazine Forbes produces a global list of known U.S. dollar billionaires every year and updates an internet version of this list in real time. The American oil magnate John D. Rockefeller became the world's first confirmed billionaire in 1916.

Nineteen individuals had attained the status of centibillionaires, each with a net worth of at least $100 billion, as of January 2026. As of March 2025, there are 3028 billionaires worldwide, with a combined wealth of over $16.1 trillion, up nearly $2 trillion over 2024.
VMware Server
VMware Server (formerly VMware GSX Server) is a discontinued free-of-charge virtualization-software server suite developed and supplied by VMware, Inc.

VMware Server has fewer features than VMware ESX, software available for purchase, but can create, edit, and play virtual machines. It uses a client–server model, allowing remote access to virtual machines, at the cost of some graphical performance (and 3D support). It can run virtual machines created by other VMware products and by Microsoft Virtual PC.

VMware Server can preserve and revert to a single snapshot copy of each separate virtual machine within the VMware Server environment. The software does not have a specific interface for cloning virtual machines, unlike VMware Workstation.

VMware Server has largely been replaced by the "Shared Virtual Machines" feature, introduced in VMware Workstation 8.0 and onwards.

Hardware virtualization
Hardware virtualization is the virtualization of computers as complete hardware platforms, certain logical abstractions of their componentry, or only the functionality required to run various operating systems. Virtualization emulates the hardware environment of its host architecture, allowing multiple OSes to run unmodified and in isolation. At its origins, the software that controlled virtualization was called a "control program", but the terms "hypervisor" or "virtual machine monitor" became preferred over time.
Bruno Boban
Bruno Boban (12 August 1992 – 24 March 2018) was a Croatian footballer who played professionally for NK Zagreb. He died while representing Marsonia, after collapsing in a game against Slavonija Požega.

NK Marsonia
NK Marsonia is a Croatian football club based in the city of Slavonski Brod. They currently play in the third division Treća HNL.

NK Marsonia was founded in 1909. From 1945 to 1962 the club was called NK Radnički Brod, and then BSK from 1962 to 1992 before the club's original name was restored.

NK Marsonia last played in the top flight 1.HNL in 2004, finishing last and suffering relegation.

On August 1, 2011, NK Marsonia merged with MV Croatia to form NK Marsonia 1909 which will compete in Croatian second division. NK Marsonia will continue functioning as the new club's second team.

Some of Marsonia's notable former players include Mario Mandžukić, Ivica Olić, Veldin Karić, Boris Živković and Josip Weber.
Naoya Emura
Naoya Emura (江村 直也, Emura Naoya) is a Japanese professional baseball catcher. He was born on May 6, 1992. He is currently playing for the Chiba Lotte Marines of the NPB. His elder brother Masaya is also a professional baseball player who last played for the Tokyo Yakult Swallows as a pitcher.

Tokyo Yakult Swallows
The Tokyo Yakult Swallows (Japanese: 東京ヤクルトスワローズ, Hepburn: Tōkyō Yakuruto Suwarōzu) are a Japanese professional baseball team competing in Nippon Professional Baseball's Central League. Based in Shinjuku, Tokyo, they are one of two professional baseball teams in Tokyo, the other being the Yomiuri Giants. They have won nine Central League championships and six Japan Series championships. Since 1964, they have played their home games at Meiji Jingu Stadium.

The Swallows are named after their corporate owners, Yakult Honsha. From 1950 to 1965, the team was owned by the former Japanese National Railways (known as Kokutetsu (国鉄) in Japanese) and called the Kokutetsu Swallows; the team was then owned by the newspaper Sankei Shimbun from 1965 to 1968 and called the Sankei Atoms. Yakult purchased the team in 1970 and renamed it the Yakult Atoms, before renaming it again as the Yakult Swallows in 1974, and then the Tokyo Yakult Swallows in 2006.
Cormac Ó Curnín
Cormac Ó Curnín who died in 1475 was an Irish poet.

Ó Curnín was a member of a brehon literary family of Breifne.

His death was recorded in Annals of the Four Masters in the year 1475 with the statements:

"Cormac O'Cuirnin, Preceptor of the learned of Ireland ... died".

Brehon
Brehon (Irish: breitheamh, pronounced [ˈbʲɾʲɛhəw]) is a term for a historical arbitration, mediative, and judicial role in Gaelic culture. Brehons were part of the system of Early Irish law, which was also simply called "Brehon law". Brehons were judges, close in importance to the chiefs.
2024 Palmetto Pro Open – Doubles
Maria Mateas and Anna Rogers were the defending champions but lost in the first round to Kayla Cross and Maribella Zamarripa.

Alicia Herrero Liñana and Melany Krywoj won the title, defeating Sophie Chang and Dalayna Hewitt in the final, 6–3, 6–3.

Sophie Chang (tennis)
Sophie Chang (born May 28, 1997) is an American tennis player.

Chang has career-high WTA rankings of No. 217 in singles, reached in January 2023, and No. 59 in doubles, achieved September 2022. She has won one WTA Tour doubles title with Angela Kulikov in July 2022. On the ITF Circuit, Chang has won 25 doubles titles (five of them with Alexandra Mueller) and four singles titles.
Tron: Evolution – Battle Grids
Tron: Evolution – Battle Grids is a 2010 action-adventure game developed by n-Space and published by Disney Interactive Studios for the Wii and Nintendo DS. It serves as a tie-in to the 2010 film Tron: Legacy, though its storyline predates that of the film and its other tie-in game, Tron: Evolution.

Tie-in
A tie-in work is a work of fiction or other product based on a media property such as a film, video game, television series, board game, website, role-playing game or literary property. Tie-ins are authorized by the owners of the original property, and are a form of cross-promotion used primarily to generate additional income from that property and to promote its visibility.
Éric Troncy
Éric Troncy (born 1965) is a French curator and art critic who works and lives in Dijon, France, he co-directs the Contemporary Art Museum, Le Consortium, in Dijon, Burgundy. He is co-founder and director of the contemporary art magazine Documents sur l'art (1992–2000) with Nicolas Bourriaud, and of Frog Magazine (2008 - ) with Stephanie Moisdon.

Le Magasin
Founded in 1986, Le Magasin – Centre National d'Art Contemporain is housed in an industrial hall, built for the 1900 Paris World's Fair by the workshops of Gustave Eiffel. Manufacturers Bouchayer and Viallet, working in the area of hydroelectric equipment, bought the iron structure and reassembled it in Grenoble, France.

Its exhibitions focus on contemporary art. Every three months, Le Magasin's spaces are devoted to a new series of solo shows and/or collective exhibitions, presented in a resolutely prospective approach and developed in close collaboration with the invited artists. Art appreciation workshops, training, and conferences are organized in coordination with the current exhibits. The museum also publishes books and catalogs concerning its exhibits.
Soumaintrain
Soumaintrain (French pronunciation: [sumɛ̃tʁɛ̃]) is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France. The local Soumaintrain cheese is a washed-rind cheese with protected geographical indication.

Yonne
Yonne (French: [jɔn], in Burgundian: Ghienne) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in France. It is named after the river Yonne, which flows through it, in the country's north-central part. One of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté's eight constituent departments, it is located in its northwestern part, bordering Île-de-France. It was created in 1790 during the French Revolution. Its prefecture is Auxerre, with subprefectures in Avallon and Sens. Its INSEE and postcode number is 89.

Yonne is Bourgogne-Franche-Comté's fourth-most populous department, with a population of 335,707 (2019). Its largest city is its prefecture Auxerre, with a population of about 35,000 within city limits and 68,000 in the urban area.
Afroz Alam Sahil
Afroz Alam Sahil (born 1987) is an Indian writer and RTI journalist. He is the founder and editor of Beyond Headlines (BH), an independent online news portal focused on marginalized communities, minorities, and social issues. Sahil is known for his investigative journalism and activism, particularly using RTI to uncover information on government policies, corruption, and social injustices.

The Wire (India)
The Wire is an Indian nonprofit news and opinion website. It was founded in 2015 by Siddharth Varadarajan, Sidharth Bhatia, and M. K. Venu. It counts among the news outlets that are independent of the Indian government, and has been subject to several defamation suits by state governments, businessmen, politicians and multinational companies.

Its reporting of disinformation in the Meta-Tek Fog fiasco caused it to face scrutiny and backlash until it released a formal apology and admitted to having published the story without verification.
East Downtown Houston
East Downtown Houston (EaDo) is a district in Houston, Texas. The East Downtown Management District (EDMD), manages the area with offices headquartered at START Houston, a co-working space 1121 Delano Street. The community is located east of Downtown Houston and north of Interstate 45 (Gulf Freeway). It is between the George R. Brown Convention Center and the East End district.

The Old Chinatown, an area within East Downtown bounded by Interstate 69/U.S. Route 59, Preston Street, St. Joseph Parkway, and Dowling Street (now Emancipation Avenue), is the older of the two Houston Chinatowns. The East Downtown Chinatown is not the same as the Chinatown in southwestern Houston.

Chinatown
Chinatown (Chinese: 唐人街) is a common term used to describe an ethnic enclave of Chinese people located outside of Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan, typically situated in an urban area. Chinatowns can be found around the world, including in Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania, and the Americas. The history of Chinatowns date back to the Tang dynasty in the 10th century, arising from the nation's important role in global trade.

Binondo in Manila, established in 1594, is recognized as the world's oldest standing Chinatown. Notable early examples outside Asia include San Francisco's Chinatown in the United States and Melbourne's Chinatown in Australia, which were founded in the early 1850s during the California and Victoria gold rushes, respectively. A more modern example, in Montville, Connecticut, was caused by the displacement of Chinese workers in New York's Manhattan Chinatown following the September 11th attacks in 2001.