hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shahpura district
Shapura district is a state subdivision in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Shahpura serves as the headquarter of the district. The formation of the district was announced in March 2023 by then Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot.

Ashok Gehlot
Ashok Gehlot (born 3 May 1951) is an Indian politician who served as the Chief Minister of Rajasthan from 1998 to December 2003, then again from 2008 to December 2013, and later from 2018 to December 2023. He represents Sardarpura constituency of Jodhpur as Member of Legislative Assembly of Rajasthan since 1998. He was a Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha from Jodhpur from 1991 to 1998 and from 1980 to 1989 and Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Textile from 1991 to 1993, Tourism and Civil Aviation from 1984 to 1984 and Deputy Union minister for Sports from 1984 to 1984. He was also a national General secretary of Congress Party, in-charge of organisations and training from March 2018 to 23 January 2019. He was also made in-charge of Gujarat state in 2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election.
Explosive eruption
In volcanology, an explosive eruption is a volcanic eruption of the most violent type. A notable example is the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. Such eruptions result when sufficient gas has dissolved under pressure within a viscous magma such that expelled lava violently froths into volcanic ash when pressure is suddenly lowered at the vent. Sometimes a lava plug will block the conduit to the summit, and when this occurs, eruptions are more violent. Explosive eruptions can expel as much as 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) per second of rocks, dust, gas and pyroclastic material, averaged over the duration of eruption, that travels at several hundred meters per second as high as 20 km (12 mi) into the atmosphere. This cloud may subsequently collapse, creating a fast-moving pyroclastic flow of hot volcanic matter.

Lahar
A lahar ( /ˈlɑːhɑːr/, from Javanese: lahar, ꦭꦲꦂ) is a violent type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris and water. The material flows down from a volcano, typically along a river valley.

Lahars are often extremely destructive and deadly; they can flow tens of metres per second, they have been known to be up to 140 metres (460 ft) deep, and large flows tend to destroy any structures in their path. Notable lahars include those at Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines and Nevado del Ruiz in Colombia, the latter of which killed more than 20,000 people in the Armero tragedy.
London–Edinburgh–London
London–Edinburgh–London (LEL) is a randonnée bicycle event of approximately 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) over an out-and-back course between the capital cities of London (England) and Edinburgh (Scotland). It has been described as a contender for hardest cycling event in the United Kingdom.

The event has been held every four years since 1989, with the latest edition starting on 3 August 2025.

Eskdalemuir
Eskdalemuir  is a civil parish and small village in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, with a population of 265.  It is around 10 miles (16 km) north-west of Langholm and 10 miles (16 km) north-east of Lockerbie.

The area comprises high wet moorlands, chiefly used for sheep grazing and forestry plantation (Eskdalemuir Forest). The main settlement is near the White Esk river.

Eskdalemuir is probably best known for the Eskdalemuir Observatory and for the Samye Ling Tibetan Buddhist monastery.
Fine'sa Grupa
Fine’sa Grupa Ltd. is a company for finance management, investment, real estate and ecoenergy. Other operations also include structuring investments for  maintenance and increase of project's value. The company’s headquarters is in Varaždin, Croatia but there are also two remote companies in Donje Ladanje (Fine'sa Consors)  and Zadar (Fine'sa Cordis).

Varaždin
Varaždin (pronounced [ˈʋâraʒdiːn] or [ʋaˈrǎʒdin]; Hungarian: Varasd, also known by alternative names) is a city in Northern Croatia, 81 km (50 mi) north-east of Zagreb. The total population is 46,946, with 38,839 in the city settlement itself (2011).

The city is best known for its baroque buildings, music, textile, food and IT industry.
Pietroșița
Pietroșița is a commune in Dâmbovița County, Muntenia, Romania with a population of 3,006 people as of 2021. It is composed of two villages, Dealu Frumos and Pietroșița. The name is derived from the compound Piatra (meaning stone) and șița (meaning slate).

It is served by a direct rail connection to Bucharest and is known for the high quality of its drinking water.

Dâmbovița County
Dâmbovița County (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈdɨmbovitsa] ⓘ; also spelt Dîmbovița) is a county (județ) of Romania, in Muntenia, with the capital city at Târgoviște, the most important economic, political, administrative, and cultural center of the county. It is a traditional administrative unit, first attested in 1512.
Sayed Awad
Sayed Awad (1926–2000; Arabic: سيد عواد) was an Egyptian composer of contemporary classical music. He began his career as a violinist for the orchestra of the Cairo Opera House and later lived in Jordan. He studied in Moscow with the Russian violinist and conductor David Oistrakh and received a Ph.D. in music there in 1968.

Sayed Awad was a music teacher at Yarmouk University (Irbid, Jordan) from 1982-1986, he taught; violin, music theory and history.

Awad had a lot of influence on the music movement in Jordan and Egypt, he was the first one to compose an orchestral work for the Oud and the orchestra, which was dedicated to his student and close friend Seifed Din Abdoun.

He is best known for his Yarmouk Symphony, and for his three-act opera The Death of Cleopatra, which is based on the epic poem by Ahmed Shawqi.

Contemporary classical music
Contemporary classical music is Western art music composed close to the present day. At the beginning of the 21st century, it commonly referred to the post-1945 post-tonal music after the death of Anton Webern, and included serial music, electronic music, experimental music, and minimalist music. Newer forms of music include spectral music and post-minimalism.
Little Cuyahoga River
The Little Cuyahoga River is a 17.4 mile-long tributary of the Cuyahoga River in the U.S. state of Ohio. Located in southeastern Summit County and southwestern Portage County, its 61.7 square mile watershed drains portions of Akron, Tallmadge, Springfield Township, Lakemore, Mogadore, Brimfield Township, Suffield Township, and Randolph Township.

Mogadore, Ohio
Mogadore (/ˈmɒɡədɔːr/ MOG-ə-dor) is a village in Portage and Summit counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The population was 3,811 at the 2020 census. A suburb of Akron, it is part of the Akron metropolitan area.
William Tidball
William Tidball (born 22 April 2000) is a British road and track cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Continental team Saint Piran. He is the 2023 world champion in the scratch race, winning the title at the 2023 UCI Cycling World Championships in Glasgow.

British National Madison Championships
The British National Madison Championships were held annually as part of the British National Track Championships organised by British Cycling, originally with two separate championship events for amateur and professional riders previously.

The senior championships are now held as a stand-alone event, most recently in December 2016.

From 2016, the senior championships have been run under the new UCI rules; where laps gained or lost on the field count towards points, and the winner is the pair of riders with the most points overall.
Garut Commuter Line
Garut Commuter Line is an commuter rail that operated by KAI Commuter. This train serving between Garut, Padalarang, & Purwakarta that officially operated on 25 March 2022 known as Garut Cibatu Commuter Line, at same time with the Cikuray that route to Pasar Senen as replacing for the Lokal Cibatu since 1986.

Padalarang railway station
Padalarang Station is a railway station complex in Padalarang, West Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The complex is planned to serve long-distance train services from Kereta Api Indonesia, commuter trains from KAI Commuter, and Jakarta-Bandung high-speed trains from Kereta Cepat Indonesia China (KCIC). The complex is in the form of two different station buildings, each operated by KAI and KCIC, and connected via a pedestrian bridge.

The station is located near the Cihaliwung area and Cihaliwung traditional market, on the heart of the capital city of Western Bandung Regency, the Padalarang town.

The station is located on the western side of Bandung Metropolitan area, it is the junction where two railway routes (Cikampek–Padalarang and Manggarai–Padalarang) merged. It previously had a short branchline that goes into Kertas Padalarang paper mill.
Colorcocha (Lima)
Colorcocha or Collorcocha (possibly from Quechua quyllur star, qucha lake, "star lake") is a lake in the Lima Region in Peru. It is located in the Cajatambo Province, Cajatambo District. Quyllurqucha lies in the Pumarinri valley south of the Huayhuash mountain range, between  Pucaccacca in the north and Millpo in the south. The lakes named Huarmicocha (possibly in Quechua Warmiqucha, "woman lake") and Challhuacocha (possibly in Quechua Challwaqucha, "fish lake") lie west.

Department of Lima
Lima (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈlima]; Jaqaru: Nimaja, [niˈmaxa]) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's central coast, it is administered by a regional government based in Huacho, whose jurisdiction does not include the quasi-autonomous special regime of the province of Lima, coterminous with the country's capital, Lima.
RFA Teakol
Two ships of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA) have borne the name RFA Teakol:

RFA Teakol (X70) was a harbour oiler launched in 1917. She was sold old to the Eagle Oil and Shipping Company and renamed San Dario, in January 1920.

RFA Teakol (A167) was an Ol-class coastal tanker launched in 1946. She served with the Royal Fleet Auxiliary until being taken out of service in February 1965 and was eventually scrapped four years later.

RFA Teakol (A167)
RFA Teakol (A167) was an Ol-class coastal tanker of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA), the naval auxiliary fleet of the United Kingdom. She was built by the Lobnitz & Co Ltd shipbuilding company and launched on 14 November 1946. She served until being decommissioned in February 1965 and was scrapped at Antwerp from September 1969 onwards.
Chiruvolu
Chiruvolu is a village in Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Mopidevi mandal of Machilipatnam revenue division. It is one of the villages in the mandal to be a part of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region.

Andhra Pradesh Capital Region
Andhra Pradesh Capital Region (ISO: Āndhra Pradēś Rājadhāni Prāntaṁ) is the metropolitan area of the capital city of Andhra Pradesh in India. The region is spread across the districts of Krishna, Guntur, Palnadu, NTR, Bapatla and Eluru. It includes the major cities of Vijayawada and Guntur. Vijayawada is the largest city and headquarters of the region. It is one the most populated metropolitan areas in Andhra Pradesh. The region is under the jurisdiction of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority and covers an area of 8,603 km2 (3,322 sq mi) under 58 mandals. The capital city Amaravati is an urban notified area and will cover 217.23 km2 (83.87 mi2), within the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region.
Stanley Hawes
Stanley Gilbert Hawes MBE, (19 January 1905 – 19 April 1991) was a British-born documentary film producer and director who spent most of his career in Australia, though he commenced his career in England and Canada. He was born in London, England and died in Sydney, Australia. He is best known as the Producer-in-Chief (1946–1969) of the Australian Government's filmmaking body, which was named, in 1945, the Australian National Film Board, and then, in 1956, the Commonwealth Film Unit. In 1973, after he retired, it became Film Australia.

The Queen in Australia
The Queen in Australia is a 1954 documentary about the visit of Queen Elizabeth II to Australia in 1954. It was the first colour film made in Australia.

It was released in the US by the Australian government information service.
Williams FJ44
The Williams FJ44 is a family of small, two-spool, turbofan engines produced by Williams International for the light business jet market. Until the recent boom in the very light jet market, the FJ44 was one of the smallest turbofans available for civilian applications.  Although a Williams design, Rolls-Royce was brought into the project at an early stage to design, develop, and manufacture an air-cooled high-pressure (HP) turbine for the engine. The FJ44 first flew on July 12, 1988 on the Scaled Composites/Beechcraft Triumph aircraft.

The Williams FJ33 is a newer, smaller engine based on the basic FJ44 design.

Pound (force)
The pound of force or pound-force (symbol: lbf, sometimes lbf,) is a unit of force used in some systems of measurement, including English Engineering units and the foot–pound–second system.

Pound-force should not be confused with pound-mass (lb), often simply called "pound", which is a unit of mass; nor should these be confused with foot-pound (ft⋅lbf), a unit of energy, or pound-foot (lbf⋅ft), a unit of torque.
Protheriodon
Protheriodon is an extinct genus of probainognathian cynodonts which existed in the Santa Maria Formation of the Paraná Basin in southeastern Brazil during the middle Triassic period. It contains the species Protheriodon estudianti. It was first described by Argentine palaeontologist José Bonaparte, who assigned it to the family Brasilodontidae. More recent studies have however recovered it in a more basal position than other brasilodontids, just outside Prozostrodontia.

Cladogram from Martinelli et al., 2017:

Paraná Basin
The Paraná Basin (Portuguese: Bacia do Paraná, Spanish: Cuenca del Paraná) is a large cratonic sedimentary basin situated in the central-eastern part of South America. About 75% of its areal distribution occurs in Brazil, from Mato Grosso to Rio Grande do Sul states. The remainder area is distributed in eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina and northern Uruguay. The shape of the depression is roughly elliptical and covers an area of about 1,500,000 km2 (580,000 sq mi).

The Paraná River, from which the Paraná Basin derived its name, flows along the central axis of the Paraná Basin and drains it.
Corby Kummer
Corby Kummer is executive director of Food & Society at the Aspen Institute, a senior editor of The Atlantic, and a senior lecturer at the Tufts Friedman School of Nutrition Science.

Kummer is the author of The Joy of Coffee and The Pleasures of Slow Food, the first book in English on the Slow Food movement, He has been called "a dean among food writers in America" by The San Francisco Examiner. Julia Child once said, "I think he's a very good food writer. He really does his homework. As a reporter and a writer he takes his work very seriously." He has received six James Beard Journalism Awards.

Slow Food
Slow Food is an organization that promotes local food and traditional cooking. It was founded by Carlo Petrini in Italy in 1986 and has since spread worldwide. Promoted as an alternative to fast food, it strives to preserve traditional and regional cuisine and encourages farming of plants, seeds, and livestock characteristic of the local ecosystem. It promotes local small businesses and sustainable foods. It also focuses on food quality, rather than quantity. It was the first established part of the broader slow movement. It speaks out against overproduction and food waste. It sees globalization as a process in which small and local farmers and food producers should be simultaneously protected from and included in the global food system.
Shumilina district
Shumilina district (Belarusian: Шумілінскі раён; Russian: Шумилинский район) is a district (raion) of Vitebsk region in Belarus. Its administrative center is the urban-type settlement of Shumilina. The other urban-type settlement within the district is Obal.

Districts of Belarus
A district or raion (Russian: район, romanized: rayon, pl. районы, rayony; Belarusian: раён, romanized: rajon, pl. раёны, rajony) in Belarus is the second-level administrative division in the country which are subordinate to regions (also known as oblasts).
Zinc triflate
Zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate or zinc triflate is the zinc salt of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. It is commonly used as a Lewis acid catalyst, e.g. in silylations.

A white powder, zinc triflate is commercially available, though some workers have experienced inconsistent results with zinc triflate from different sources. If desired, it may be prepared from reacting trifluoromethanesulfonic acid with zinc metal in acetonitrile, or with zinc carbonate in methanol:

Zn + 2 HOTf → Zn(OTf)2 + H2

ZnCO3 + 2 HOTf → Zn(OTf)2 + H2O + CO2 (OTf = CF3SO3)

Silylation
Silylation is the introduction of one or more (usually) substituted silyl groups (R3Si) to a molecule. Silylations are core methods for production of organosilicon chemistry. Silanization, while similar to silylation, usually refers to attachment of silyl groups to solids. Silyl groups are commonly used for: alcohol protection, enolate trapping, gas chromatography, electron-impact mass spectrometry (EI-MS), and coordinating with metal complexes.
Hkonmaing
Hkonmaing (Burmese: ခုံမှိုင်း [kʰòʊɰ̃ m̥áɪɰ̃], Shan: ၶုၼ်မိူင်း; also Hkonmaing Nge, Sao Hkun Mong; 1497–1545) was king of Ava from 1542 to 1545. The saopha of the Shan state of Onbaung–Hsipaw was elected by the Ava court to the Ava throne in 1542, by extension the leader of the Confederation of Shan States, despite strenuous objections by the House of Mohnyin. He was accepted as the leader by other Confederation leaders only because the Confederation was in the middle of a serious war with Toungoo Dynasty. After the Confederation's failed military campaigns in 1543–45 that resulted in the loss of Central Burma, Hkonmaing lost the support of Sawlon II of Mohnyin. He died in 1545 while fighting a Mohnyin-backed rebellion by Sithu Kyawhtin.

Saopha
Saopha (lit. 'lord of the heavens'), also spelled Sawbwa, was the title used by hereditary rulers of Shan states in Upper Myanmar. Chaopha and Chao Fa were similar titles used by the hereditary Tai rulers in mainland Southeast Asia and the Ahom kingdom in India.
Jennifer Valente
Jennifer Marie Valente (born December 24, 1994) is an American professional racing cyclist who is a two-time gold medalist in women's omnium at the 2020 and 2024 Summer Olympics. As part of the U.S. team, she has also won the team pursuit at the Paris Olympics. Valente has ridden for UCI Women's Team Virginia's Blue Ridge–Twenty28. She has won seven gold medals in the World Championships and five Olympic medals, making her the most decorated U.S. female cyclist in Olympic history.

Omnium
An omnium (from Latin omnium: of all, belonging to all) is a multiple race event in track cycling. Historically, the omnium has had a variety of formats.
Starting in 2017, the omnium has consisted of four events: scratch race, tempo race, elimination race and points race. In the case of the para omnium in para-track cycling, introduced in 2020, the four events are Flying 200m, Time trial (1 km or 500 m), Individual pursuit and Scratch race.
In recent years, road racing has also adopted the term to describe multi-day races that feature the three primary road race events (time trial, mass start and criterium).
Ludovico de Filippi
Ludovico de Filippi (Turin, 27 September 1872 - Adriatic Sea off Ližnjan, 16 November 1918) was an Italian naval officer and a pioneer of Italian aviation.

He was born on 27 September 1872 and joined the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy), in which he attained the rank of capitano di fregata (frigate captain) and received his pilot's license, numbered "5", flying his own airplane Farman in Mourmelon, France, on 4 July 1910. He later became the first head officer of the submarine and aviation department of the Regia Marina. He died on 16 November 1918 while commanding the scout cruiser Cesare Rossarol when she hit a mine and sank on the Istrian Peninsula near the city of Ližnjan (known to the Italians as  Lisignano) on the Istrian Peninsula. He was posthumously awarded the Silver Medal of Military Valor for conduct and bravery.

Frigate captain
Frigate captain is a naval rank in the naval forces of several countries. Corvette captain lies one level below frigate captain.

It is usually equivalent to the Commonwealth/US Navy rank of commander.

Countries using this rank include Argentina, Colombia and Spain (Spanish: capitán de fragata), France (French: capitaine de frégate), Belgium (Dutch: fregatkapitein), Italy (Italian: capitano di fregata), Brazil and Portugal (Portuguese: capitão de fragata), Croatia (Croatian: kapetan fregate) and Germany (German: Fregattenkapitän).

In the Royal Canadian Navy, capitaine de frégate is the official French language name for the rank of commander.

The NATO rank code is OF-4, the official translation for instance of the German Fregattenkapitän as well as the French capitaine de frégate into English is "commander senior grade".
Pullback attractor
In mathematics, the attractor of a random dynamical system may be loosely thought of as a set to which the system evolves after a long enough time. The basic idea is the same as for a deterministic dynamical system, but requires careful treatment because random dynamical systems are necessarily non-autonomous. This requires one to consider the notion of a pullback attractor or attractor in the pullback sense.

Deterministic system
In mathematics, computer science and physics, a deterministic system is a system in which no randomness is involved in the development of future states of the system. A deterministic model will thus always produce the same output from a given starting condition or initial state.
Susan Richardson (Underground Railroad)
Susan Richardson (June 6, 1810 – June 16, 1904), also known as Aunt Susan and Susan Van Allen, was an enslaved person who escaped and later helped to found Allen Chapel AME in Galesburg, a town that was a known safe haven on the Underground Railroad. Her escape prompted the 1844 Illinois Supreme Court case Borders v. Hayes. Richardson helped escaped slaves on the underground railroad while she lived in Galesburg.

Supreme Court of Illinois
The Supreme Court of Illinois is the state supreme court, the highest court of the judiciary of Illinois. The court's authority is granted in Article VI of the current Illinois Constitution, which provides for seven justices elected from the five appellate judicial districts of the state: three justices from the First District (Cook County) and one from each of the other four districts. Absent mid-term vacancy, each justice is elected for a term of ten years, which may be renewed and the chief justice is elected by the court from its members for a three-year term.
Dousland railway station
Dousland railway station, originally opened at Dousland Barn in 1883 was located on the 10+1⁄2-mile (16.9 km) long single track branch railway line in Devon, England, running from Yelverton to Princetown with eventually four intermediate stops, three being halts and one at Dousland as a fully fledged station.

South Devon and Tavistock Railway
The South Devon and Tavistock Railway linked Plymouth with Tavistock in Devon; it opened in 1859. It was extended by the Launceston and South Devon Railway to Launceston, in Cornwall in 1865. It was a broad gauge line but from 1876 also carried the standard gauge (then referred to as narrow gauge) trains of the London and South Western Railway between Lydford and Plymouth: a third rail was provided, making a mixed gauge. In 1892 the whole line was converted to standard gauge only.

The line closed to passengers in 1962 although sections at either end were retained for a while to carry freight traffic. A short section has since been reopened as a preserved line by the Plym Valley Railway.