hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glycine propionyl-L-carnitine
Glycine propionyl-L-carnitine (GPLC) is a propionyl ester of carnitine that includes an additional glycine component. Due to tissues esterases enzymes, GPLC should act as a prodrug and lead to glycine, carnitine and propionic acid in the body.

Propionic acid
Propionic acid (/proʊpiˈɒnɪk/, from the Greek words πρῶτος : prōtos, meaning "first", and πίων : píōn, meaning "fat"; also known as propanoic acid) is a naturally occurring carboxylic acid with chemical formula CH3CH2CO2H. It is an oily liquid with a pungent and unpleasant smell. The anion CH3CH2CO−2 as well as the salts and esters of propionic acid are known as propionates or propanoates.

About half of the world production of propionic acid is consumed as a preservative for both animal feed and food for human consumption. It is also useful as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals, especially polymers.
John Glowrey
John Thomas Glowrey (24 May 1856 – 12 June 1921) was an Australian politician who served as a member of the Legislative Council of Western Australia from 1900 to 1904 and again from 1906 to 1912.

Glowrey was born in Victoria, to Eliza (née Barry) and James Glowrey. He came to Western Australia in 1893, during the gold rushes, and settled in Coolgardie, where he was a publican. He served as mayor of the Coolgardie Municipality from 1897 to 1898. Glowrey was elected to parliament in September 1900, winning a four-year term in South Province. He was defeated by William Oats at the 1904 election, but returned to parliament in 1906 and served another six-year term before retiring. While in parliament, Glowrey had moved to Perth, where he leased the Palace Hotel from John De Baun. He held the lease until his death in 1921 (aged 65), which occurred while he was at the hotel. Glowrey had married twice, having five children by his first wife and four by his second.

Coolgardie, Western Australia
Coolgardie is a small town in Western Australia located around 558 kilometres (347 mi) east of the state capital, Perth; and 38 kilometres (24 mi) southwest of Kalgoorlie. It has a population of approximately 850 people.

Although Coolgardie is now known to most Western Australians as a tourist town and a mining ghost town, it was once the third largest town in Western Australia (after Perth and Fremantle). At this time, mining of alluvial gold was a major industry and supplied the flagging economy with new hope. Many miners suffered under the harsh conditions, but for a few, their find made the hard work worthwhile. Most men, however, left poorer than they had started off, with their hopes dashed.
Hamilton Farm Petroglyphs
Hamilton Farm Petroglyphs, also known as Pictured Rocks and Indian Picture Rocks, are a series of ancient petroglyphs located on U.S. Route 119 southeast of Ringgold, in Monongalia County of northern West Virginia. The rock art designs were carved by early Native Americans on sandstone.

The Hamilton Farm Petroglyphs and surrounding archaeological site were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

Designs

There were 25 designs cataloged, when they were inspected in 1961. These included: bear tracks, deer tracks, human footprints, a snail or spiral, human figures with upraised arms, and a "Spirit Otter." They are within an 18-foot square section of the stone, at an elevation of 1,460 feet.

Monongalia County, West Virginia
Monongalia County, known locally as Mon County, is a county located in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 105,822, making it West Virginia's third-most populous county. Its county seat is Morgantown. The county was founded in 1776. Monongalia County is included in the Morgantown, WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is the largest county in North-Central West Virginia. It is part of the Pittsburgh media market.
Oscar Mbo
Oscar Mbongeni Ndlovu, is a South African record producer, podcaster and DJ. He creates house music containing elements of deep house, deep tech, Nu Jazz, broken beat and Lounge music.

He is best known for his founding and starring roles in the entertainment podcast, The Ashmed Hour show.

Lounge music
Lounge music is a type of easy listening music popular in the 1950s and 1960s. This music is meant to evoke in the listeners an emotion, or the feeling of being in a place with a tranquil theme such as a jungle, an island paradise or outer space. It emerged from Dixieland jazz, Latin dance, the croon, experimental music, and the gimmick song. The range of lounge music encompasses beautiful music–influenced instrumentals, and modern electronica (with chillout and downtempo influences), while remaining thematically focused on its retro–space age cultural elements. The earliest type of lounge music appeared during the 1920s and 1930s, and was known as light music.
Danbury and Harlem Traction Company
The Danbury and Harlem Traction Company was an unfinished electric rapid-transit interurban railroad connecting Danbury, Connecticut, with the New York Central Railroad station at Goldens Bridge, New York, on the Harlem Line.

Danbury, Connecticut
Danbury (/ˈdænbɛri/ DAN-berr-ee) is a city in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States, located approximately 50 miles (80 km) northeast of New York City. Danbury's population as of 2020 was 86,518. It is the third-largest city in Western Connecticut, and the seventh-largest city in Connecticut. Located within the heart of the Housatonic Valley region, the city is a historic commercial hub of western Connecticut, home to many commuters and summer residents from the New York metropolitan area and New England.

Danbury is nicknamed the "Hat City", because it was once the center of the American hat industry, during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The mineral danburite is named after Danbury, while the city itself is named for Danbury in Essex, England.

Danbury is home to Danbury Hospital, Western Connecticut State University, Danbury Fair Mall, and Danbury Municipal Airport.
Adolph Verschueren
Adolph Verschueren (also Adolf; 10 June 1922 – 30 April 2004) was a Belgian cyclist. As a road cyclist, he won the Tour of Flanders in 1942 and the sixth stage of Tour de Suisse in 1949.

As a track cyclist, he competed in motor-paced racing in the professionals category. He won the European championships in 1951, 1953, 1956 and 1958 and three consecutive world championships in 1952–1954. He finished in second place in the European championships in 1952, 1954 and 1955. In 1954 he set a world record in 1 hour race (58.85 km). He also finished second in the 1947 Paris–Roubaix and rode in the 1948 Tour de France.

He is unrelated to Theo Verschueren, another motor-paced racing world champion from Belgium.

Tour de Suisse
The Tour de Suisse (English: Tour of Switzerland) is an annual road cycling stage race. Raced over eight days, the event covers two weekends in June, and along with the Critérium du Dauphiné, it is considered a proving ground for the Tour de France, which is on the calendar approximately two weeks after the end of the Tour de Suisse. Since 2011 the event is part of the UCI World Tour, cycling's highest level of professional races.

From 2021, a women's race has been held at the same time, with the event joining the UCI Women's World Tour from 2023.
Tydings–McDuffie Act
The Philippine Independence Act, or Tydings–McDuffie Act (Pub. L. 73–127, 48 Stat. 456, enacted March 24, 1934), is an Act of Congress that established the process for the Philippines, then a US territory, to become an independent country after a ten-year transition period. Under the act, the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines was written and the Commonwealth of the Philippines was established, with the first directly elected president of the Philippines. (Direct elections to the Philippine Legislature had been held since 1907.) It also established limitations on Filipino immigration to the United States.

The act was authored in the 73rd United States Congress by Senator Millard Tydings (Dem.) of Maryland and Representative John McDuffie (Dem.) of Alabama, and signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Philippine Legislature
The Philippine Legislature was the legislature of the Philippines from 1907 to 1935, during the American colonial period, and predecessor of the current Congress of the Philippines. It was bicameral and the legislative branch of the Insular Government.

From 1907 to 1916, under the Philippine Organic Act of 1902, the legislature's lower house was the elected Philippine Assembly and its upper house was the appointed Philippine Commission, headed by the American governor general (who also served as the executive of the Insular Government).

In 1916, the Jones Law abolished the Philippine Commission and reorganized the Philippine Legislature as a fully elected, bicameral legislature composed of the Senate and House of Representatives, precursors to current Senate of the Philippines and House of Representatives of the Philippines.

In 1935, the Commonwealth of the Philippines was established and the National Assembly of the Philippines replaced the Philippine Legislature.
First Battle of Kalaa of the Beni Abbes (1553)
The Battle of the Kalâa of the Beni Abbes took place during the winter of 1553 between the regency of Algiers and the Kingdom of Beni Abbas.

In order to counterbalance the influence of Sultan Abdelaziz of the Kalaa, Salah Rais ordered an expedition against the Kalaa of the Beni Abbes to annihilate his influence. The army of the Regency camped at Bona, a league from the Kalaa. Abdelaziz made a sortie against them and defeated them after a clash which was deadly for both sides. The armies of the Regency were forced to retreat after heavy losses, and this battle diminished their reputation. The victory allowed Sultan Abdelaziz to confirm his control over the Bibans and the Hodna. The following year the Regency of Algiers directed another expedition against Abdelaziz in the Battle of Oued-el-Lhâm.

Annaba
Annaba (Arabic: عنابة, lit. 'place of the Jujubes'), formerly known as Hippone, Bona and Bône, is a seaport city in the northeastern corner of Algeria, close to the border with Tunisia. Annaba is near the small Seybouse River and is in Annaba Province. With a population of about 263,650 (2019) and 1,000,000 for the metropolitan area, Annaba is the third-largest city and the leading industrial center in Algeria.

Annaba is a coastal city that underwent significant growth during the 20th century. Annaba has a metropolitan area with a higher population density than the other metropolitan areas of the Algerian coastline, such as Oran and Algiers. Much of eastern and southern Algeria uses the services, equipment and infrastructure of Annaba. Economically, it is the centre for various economic activities, such as industry, transportation, finance, and tourism.
The Ambitious Stepmother
The Ambitious Stepmother is a 1700 tragedy by the British writer Nicholas Rowe. It was his debut play. Rowe set his play in Biblical times, but it had strong subtexts of the contemporary questions about the British succession that led to the Act of Settlement in 1701. At the court of Persia, Artemisa schemes against her stepson Artaxerses.

The original cast included John Verbruggen as Artaxerses, Barton Booth as Artaban, Thomas Betterton as Memnon, John Bowman as Magas, George Pack as Cleanthes, Elizabeth Barry as Artemisa, Elizabeth Bowman as Cleone and Anne Bracegirdle as Amestris.

The play was dedicated to Edward Villiers, the Right Honourable Earl of Jersey, Lord Chamberlain of His Majesty's Household.

Artaxerxes I
Artaxerxes I was the fifth King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, from August 465 to December 424 BC. He was the third son of Xerxes I.

In Greek sources he is also surnamed "Long-handed" (Ancient Greek: μακρόχειρ Makrókheir; Latin: Longimanus), allegedly because his right hand was longer than his left.

Josephus and several ancient traditions identify him as King Ahasuerus, from the Book of Esther.
Evgeniy Gabrilovich
Evgeniy Gabrilovich (Hebrew: 'יבגני גברילוביץ) is a research director at Facebook Reality Labs where he conducts research on neuromotor interfaces. Prior to that, he was a principal scientist and director at Google, specializing in information retrieval, machine learning, and computational linguistics, and an IEEE Fellow, and an ACM Fellow. In 2010, he received the Karen Spärck Jones Award from the British Computer Society Information Retrieval Specialist Group.

British Computer Society
The British Computer Society (BCS), branded BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT, since 2009, is a professional body and a learned society that represents those working in information technology (IT), computing, software engineering, computer engineering and computer science, both in the United Kingdom and internationally. Founded in October 14, 1957, BCS has played an important role in educating and nurturing IT professionals, computer scientists, software engineers, computer engineers, upholding the profession, accrediting Chartered IT Professional (CITP) and Chartered Engineer (CEng) status, and creating a global community active in promoting and furthering the field and practice of computing.
Tynychbek Akmatbayev
Tynychbek Abdymalikovich Akmatbayev (Russian: Тынычбек Абдымаликович Акматбаев; January 30, 1962 – October 20, 2005) was a member of parliament in Kyrgyzstan and head of the parliamentary law enforcement committee. Akmatbayev was killed by inmates (Aziz Batukayev) at the Moldavanovka prison on October 20, 2005, while investigating unrest at the prison northwest of Bishkek. Akmatbayev's killing prompted prison guards to pull out of Moldavanovka and other prisons, leaving inmates in control.

The death of Akmatbayev was the third killing of a Kyrgyz MP since the  Tulip Revolution in March 2005. Akmatbayev's brother, Ryspek, led public accusations that the prime minister, Felix Kulov, might have been linked to the killing. Kulov denied the allegation.

Less than a year after his death, his brother Rysbek Akmatbayev was killed on 10 May 2006 in a drive-by shooting.

Felix Kulov
Felix Sharshenbayevich Kulov (Russian: Феликс Шаршенбаевич Кулов; Kyrgyz: Феликс Шаршенбаевич (Шаршенбай уулу) Кулов, Feliks Sharshenbayevich (Sharshenbay uulu) Kulov; born 29 October 1948) is a Kyrgyz politician who served as the 9th Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from 2005 to 2007, following the Tulip Revolution. He first served from 1 September 2005 until he resigned on 19 December 2006. President Kurmanbek Bakiyev reappointed him acting Prime Minister the same day, but parliamentary opposition meant Bakiyev's attempts to renominate Kulov in January 2007 were unsuccessful, and on 29 January the assembly's members approved a replacement.

Kulov founded and leads Ar-Namys, a political party, and chairs the People's Congress, an electoral alliance to which Ar-Namys belongs.
1997 South Korean presidential election
Presidential elections were held in South Korea on 18 December 1997. The result was a victory for opposition candidate Kim Dae-jung, who won with 40% of the vote. When he took office in 1998, it marked the first time in Korean history that the ruling party peacefully transferred power to the opposition party.

Olympic Gymnastics Arena
The Olympic Gymnastics Arena (Korean: 올림픽체조경기장), also known as the KSPO Dome since 2018, is an indoor arena located within the Olympic Park in Seoul, South Korea. It has a capacity of 15,000.

It was constructed between 31 August 1984 and 30 April 1986, to host the gymnastics competitions at the 1988 Summer Olympics. The roof was designed by David H. Geiger. It is a self-supporting cable dome – the first of its kind ever built – with a four-layer fabric cladding. In 2018, the arena was extensively remodeled, including improving the conditions for concerts and redesigning the facade.
Stock market index
In finance, a stock market index or stock index is an index that measures the performance of a stock market, or of a subset of a stock market. It helps investors compare current stock price levels with past prices to calculate market performance.

Two of the primary criteria of an index are that it is investable and transparent: The methods of its construction are specified. Investors may be able to invest in a stock market index by buying an index fund, which is structured as either a mutual fund or an exchange-traded fund, and "tracks" an index. The difference between an index fund's performance and the index, if any, is called tracking error.

Investor
An investor is a person or entity that allocates financial capital with the expectation of a future return (profit) or to gain an advantage (interest). Through this allocated capital the investor usually purchases some species of property. Types of investments include equity, debt, securities, real estate, infrastructure, currency, commodity, token, derivatives such as put and call options, futures, forwards, etc. This definition makes no distinction between the investors in the primary and secondary markets.  That is, someone who provides a business with capital and someone who buys a stock are both investors.  An investor who owns stock is a shareholder.
Tembong
Tembong is a settlement in Sarawak, Malaysia. It lies approximately 142.1 kilometres (88 mi) east-south-east of the state capital Kuching. Neighbouring settlements include:

Tabut 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) east

Kejemut 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) northwest

Lidong 5.2 kilometres (3.2 mi) northwest

Ijok Ulu 5.2 kilometres (3.2 mi) southwest

Kaong 5.9 kilometres (3.7 mi) west

Rambai 5.9 kilometres (3.7 mi) west

Tebarong 5.9 kilometres (3.7 mi) east

Sengkabang 5.9 kilometres (3.7 mi) west

Basi 5.9 kilometres (3.7 mi) south

Arenga pinnata
Arenga pinnata (syn. Arenga saccharifera) is an economically important feather palm native to tropical Asia, from eastern India east to Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines in the east. Common names include sugar palm, areng palm (also aren palm or arengga palm), black sugar palm, and kaong palm, among other names.
Heinz Gibian
Heinz Rudolf Gibian (30 March 1916 – 13 May 1995) was a German biochemist, who was noted for his research on steroid hormones.

He was a senior researcher at the drug research department of Schering AG and was later a member of the company's senior management. He was also an honorary Professor of biochemistry at the Free University of Berlin.

Gibian was born in Munich. He earned his Doktoringenieur degree at the Technical University of Munich, where he was a student of the Nobel laureate Hans Fischer. He was also a board member of the Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. He died in Berlin, aged 79.

Schering AG
Schering AG was a research-centered German multinational pharmaceutical company headquartered in Wedding, Berlin, which operated as an independent company from 1851 to 2006. In 2006, it was bought by Bayer AG and merged to form the Bayer subsidiary Bayer Schering Pharma AG, which was renamed Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals in 2011. Schering was listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and had 26,000 employees as of 2004.

The American pharmaceutical company Schering-Plough, formerly the Schering Corporation, was originally the US subsidiary of Schering AG, and merged with Merck & Co. in 2009.
Burt Rocks (Raising Hope)
"Burt Rocks" is the tenth episode of the first season of the American sitcom Raising Hope. Written by Alan Kirschenbaum and directed by Jace Alexander, the episode first aired in the United States on November 30, 2010 on Fox. This is the first episode so far where Maw Maw hasn't appeared.

In the episode, Jimmy learns that as a baby he ruined Burt's dream of becoming a rock star. He decides to make up for it by inviting Smokey Floyd (Jason Lee) to perform at Grocery Palooza

Raising Hope season 1
The first season of the American television series Raising Hope premiered on September 21, 2010 and concluded on May 17, 2011 on the Fox Television Network. The show aired on Tuesday at 9:00 pm ET. The season consisted of 22 episodes and averaged 6.40 million viewers.
Villa Celimontana
The Villa Celimontana (previously known as Villa Mattei)  is a villa on the Caelian Hill in Rome, best known for its gardens. Its grounds cover most of the valley between the Aventine Hill and the Caelian.

Aventine Hill
The Aventine Hill (/ˈævɪntaɪn, -tɪn/ AV-in-tyne, -⁠tin; Latin: Collis Aventinus; Italian: Aventino [avenˈtiːno]) is one of the Seven Hills on which ancient Rome was built. It belongs to Ripa, the modern twelfth rione, or ward, of Rome.
1965 Gwyn Staley 400
The 1965 Gwyn Staley 400 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on April 18, 1965, at North Wilkesboro Speedway in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina.

The transition to purpose-built racecars began in the early 1960s and occurred gradually over that decade.  Changes made to the sport by the late 1960s brought an end to the "strictly stock" vehicles of the 1950s.

North Wilkesboro, North Carolina
North Wilkesboro is a town in Wilkes County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 4,131 at the 2020 US Census. North Wilkesboro is the birthplace and original home of Lowe's Home Improvement, which continues to have a major presence in the community. The town is also known as one of the birthplaces of the sport of stock-car racing, and the North Wilkesboro Speedway was the first NASCAR-sanctioned track. Due to the town's proximity to the nearby Blue Ridge Mountains and its numerous tourist venues, North Wilkesboro has been nicknamed the "Key to the Blue Ridge".
Ingo van Weert
Ingo van Weert (born 8 February 1994) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Achilles Veen.

After playing for RKC Waalwijk for seven years, van Weert signed a two-year contract with Polish second tier club Stomil Olsztyn on 5 August 2020.

Stomil Olsztyn S.A.
Stomil Olsztyn S.A., historically known and played under the names OKS 1945 Olsztyn and OKS Stomil Olsztyn, is a Polish football club based in Olsztyn. In the 2025–26 season, they will compete in the IV liga Warmia-Masuria after suffering their third relegation in four seasons.

Founded on 15 July 1945 as OKS Warmiak, the club had its brightest era in the 1990s, when it played in the Polish top flight. Between 2004 and 2012, the team was known as OKS 1945 Olsztyn, then also as OKS Stomil Olsztyn.
Imidazole propionate
Imidazole propionate (ImP), also known as 5-imidazolepropionic acid, is a bacterial metabolite of histidine and a neurotoxin. It is produced by Streptococcus mutans and its enzyme urocanate reductase (UrdA) in the gut. S. mutans, as well as ImP production and circulating levels, have been found to be elevated in people with Parkinson's disease. In addition, administration of ImP, or colonization with ImP-producing bacteria, causes dopaminergic neurotoxicity and Parkinson's disease-like symptoms in rodents. Based on these findings, UrdA-expressing and ImP-producing bacteria may be involved in the etiology of Parkinson's disease in humans. ImP has also been implicated in the pathophysiology of other diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease, among others. ImP activates the imidazoline I1 receptor and this appears to be involved in some of its toxic effects. Relatedly, imidazoline I1 receptor antagonists have been proposed for possible therapeutic purposes.

Streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus mutans is a facultatively anaerobic, gram-positive coccus (round bacterium) commonly found in the human oral cavity and is a significant contributor to tooth decay.
The microbe was first described by James Kilian Clarke in 1924.

This bacterium, along with the closely related species Streptococcus sobrinus, can cohabit the mouth: Both contribute to oral disease, and the expense of differentiating them in laboratory testing is often not clinically necessary. Therefore, for clinical purposes they are often considered together as a group, called the mutans streptococci. This grouping of similar bacteria with similar tropism can also be seen in the viridans streptococci – of which Streptococcus mutans is itself also a member.