hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lepraria malouina
Lepraria malouina is a species of leprose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. Found on the Falkland Islands, it was described as a new species in 2012 by Dag Øvstedal. It contains both usnic acid and stictic acid as its main secondary metabolites (lichen products).

Usnic acid
Usnic acid is a naturally occurring dibenzofuran derivative found in several lichen species with the formula C18H16O7. It was first isolated by German scientist W. Knop in 1844 and first synthesized between 1933 and 1937 by Frank H. Curd and Alexander Robertson. Usnic acid was identified in many genera of lichens including Usnea, Cladonia, Hypotrachyna, Lecanora, Ramalina, Evernia, Parmelia and Alectoria. Although it is generally believed that usnic acid is exclusively restricted to lichens, in a few unconfirmed isolated cases the compound was found in kombucha tea and non-lichenized ascomycetes.

At normal conditions, usnic acid is a bitter, yellow, solid substance. It is known to occur in nature in both the d- and l-forms as well as a racemic mixture. Salts of usnic acid are called usnates (e.g. copper usnate).
The Quality of Life Assessment of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults Measure
The Quality of Life Assessment of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults (QoL-AGHDA) is a disease specific patient-reported outcome measure which measures the effect growth hormone deficiency has on adult patients. The score of the QoL-AGHDA is used to determine the extent to which growth hormone deficiency has affected the patient’s quality of life, and what treatment can then be administered. A high score on the QoL-AGHDA indicates that the patient suffers from many symptoms and therefore has a lower quality of life.

The questionnaire consists of 25 “Yes” or “No” items and is self-administered, meaning that the patient can complete the survey on their own. The QoL-AGHDA addresses seven different areas of concern for growth hormone deficient (GHD) patients. They are: body image and fat distribution, energy level, concentration and memory, irritability and temper, strength and stamina, coping with stress, and physical and mental drive.

Quality of life
Quality of life (QOL) is defined by the World Health Organization as "an individual's perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns".

Standard indicators of the quality of life include wealth, employment, the environment, physical and mental health, education, recreation and leisure time, social belonging, religious beliefs, safety, security and freedom. QOL has a wide range of contexts, including the fields of international development, healthcare, politics and employment. Health related QOL (HRQOL) is an evaluation of QOL and its relationship with health.
Igor Chueshov
Igor Dmitrievich Chueshov (23 September 1951 – 23 April 2016) was a Ukrainian mathematician. He was both a correspondent member of the Mathematics section (specializing in probability theory and mathematical physics) of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and a professor in the Department of Mathematical Physics and Computational Mathematics at the National University of Kharkiv.

VN Karazin Kharkiv National University
The V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (Ukrainian: Харківський національний університет імені В.Н. Каразіна, romanized: Kharkivskyi natsionalnyi universytet imeni V.N. Karazina), also known as Kharkiv National University or Karazin University, is a public university in Kharkiv, Ukraine. It was founded in 1804 through the efforts of Vasily Karazin, becoming the second oldest university, and the oldest continuously operating one, in modern-day Ukraine.

During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, all buildings were partially or fully destroyed by attacks from Russian forces.
USS Richard Vaux
USS Richard Vaux (1864), a 120-ton canal boat, was purchased by the Union Navy at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 16 July 1864, for use as part of the "stone fleet" of obstructions in the waterways of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War.

Richard Vaux was laden with stone, and sent via Baltimore, Maryland, to the James River to be sunk on the bar at Trent's Reach, Virginia, to protect Union troops from Confederate attack by water.

Union navy
The Union navy is used to describe the United States Navy (USN) during the American Civil War, when it fought the Confederate States Navy (CSN). The term is sometimes used to describe vessels of war used on the rivers of the interior under the control of the Union army.
Whatawhata
Whatawhata, previously also spelt Whata Whata, is a small town in the Waikato region on the east bank of the Waipā River, at the junction of State Highways 23 and 39, 12 km (7.5 mi) from Hamilton. Te Araroa tramping route passes through Whatawhata.

Te Araroa
Te Araroa (The Long Pathway) is New Zealand's long distance tramping route, stretching circa 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi) along the length of the country's two main islands from Cape Reinga to Bluff. Officially opened in 2011, it is made up of a mixture of previously made tracks and walkways, new tracks, and link sections alongside roads. Tramping the full length of the trail generally takes three to six months.
Harrisville, New Hampshire
Harrisville is a town in Cheshire County, New Hampshire, United States. Besides the town center, it also includes the villages of Chesham and Eastview. As of the 2020 census, the population of the town was 984.

It is a preserved 19th-century mill town located in the Monadnock region of southern New Hampshire. There are nine bodies of water in the town, many back roads and trails to explore, and two original train depots at Harrisville and Chesham.

Mill town
A mill town, also known as factory town or mill village, is a community that developed around one or more textile or other industrial mills, where the local economy centered on mill production and company owners typically provided housing, stores, schools, and other services to support workers and their families. Emerging prominently during the early 19th-century Industrial Revolution, mill towns harnessed water power from rivers to mechanize textile manufacturing, initially concentrating in New England before expanding southward, where they eclipsed northern production by the 1920s through lower labor costs and abundant resources. These towns featured a paternalistic social structure, with mill corporations exerting broad influence over daily life to ensure labor stability and productivity, fostering economic booms that built infrastructure but also vulnerability to market fluctuations, technological changes, and eventual deindustrialization.
Damore
Damore is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

James Damore, author of Google's Ideological Echo Chamber

John Damore (born 1933), American football player

Nick Damore (1916–1969), Canadian ice hockey player

John Damore
John Damore (born October 20, 1933) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive lineman with the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL) for two seasons in 1957 and 1959. He missed the entire 1958 campaign due to sustaining a dislocated right ankle in a 24–17 preseason win over the Detroit Lions at the Cotton Bowl on 5 September. He ended his career as an active player after the 1959 season to manage a Riverside, Illinois-based cement construction firm owned by his father who had retired from its daily operations. His yearly salary as an NFL player was $9,000. He is the oldest living former Bears player as of January 2026.

Damore played college football with the Bob Voigts-coached Northwestern Wildcats, serving as a senior co-captain in 1954. He was selected in Round 13 (152nd overall) by the New York Giants in the 1955 NFL draft.
Bubo osvaldoi
Bubo osvaldoi, also known as the Cuban horned owl, is an extinct species of horned owl from the Pleistocene of Cuba.

It was described by Oscar Arredondo and Storrs L. Olson in 1994 from three bones found in a cave in the Guaniguanico mountain range in Pinar del Río. Analysis of these bones indicates that the species was larger than any current owl.

Storrs L. Olson
Storrs Lovejoy Olson (April 3, 1944 – January 20, 2021) was an American biologist and ornithologist who spent his career at the Smithsonian Institution, retiring in 2008. One of the world's foremost avian paleontologists, he was best known for his studies of fossil and subfossil birds on islands such as Ascension, St. Helena and Hawaii. His early higher education took place at Florida State University in 1966, where he obtained a B.A. in biology, and the University of Florida, where he received an M.S. in biology. Olson's doctoral studies took place at Johns Hopkins University, in what was then the School of Hygiene and Public Health. He was married to fellow paleornithologist Helen F. James.
Man Factory
Man Factory is an American indie rock band from Arlington, Texas, established in 2002.  The band has achieved regional success and is best known for its Street Fight! rock opera based on Capcom's Street Fighter video game series.

Street Fighter
Street Fighter is a Japanese media franchise centered on a series of fighting games developed and published by Capcom. The first game in the series was released in 1987, followed by the other six main games in the series, various spin-offs and crossovers, and numerous appearances in other media. Its best-selling 1991 release, Street Fighter II, established many of the conventions of the one-on-one fighting genre.

Street Fighter is one of the highest-grossing video game franchises of all time and one of Capcom's flagship series, with total sales of 56 million units worldwide as of March 2025. It is also one of the highest-grossing media franchises and is the longest-running fighting game franchise.
Kilkenomics Festival
The Kilkenomics Comedy and Economic Festival is an economics and comedy festival in Kilkenny, Ireland, the brainchild of David McWilliams and Richard Cook. It grew out of the Cat Laughs festival founded in 1994.

Its first session ran from 11 to 14 November 2010.

The festival mocks banking and political figures. The festival also features its own currency known as "the marble".

David McWilliams (economist)
David McWilliams (born 1966) is an Irish economist, writer, and journalist. Since 1999, he has been a broadcaster, writer, economic commentator and documentary-maker. He has written six books, The Pope's Children , The Generation Game, Follow the Money, The Good Room, Renaissance Nation, and Money: A Story of Humanity, and written regular columns for the Irish Times and Irish Independent.

McWilliams has a reputation for explaining economic ideas with memorable phrases or stock characters, most famously  "breakfast roll man".
Gregg Avedon
Gregory Avedon (born c. 1964) is a former model and fitness personality.

Avedon modelled for Giorgio Armani, Dolce & Gabbana, Krizia, Trussardi and Valentino Garavani. He appeared in several magazines and catalogs, including 18 times on the cover of Men's Health.

Trussardi
Trussardi (pronounced [trusˈsardi]) is an Italian fashion house based in Milan, Italy, specializing in leather goods, ready-to-wear clothing, perfumes, and accessories.

Founded in 1911 as a leather glove manufacturer, Trussardi expanded its product line in the 1970s under Nicola Trussardi, who succeeded his uncle. In the 1980s, the company introduced ready-to-wear clothing, perfumes, and jeans. By the 1990s, Trussardi had become an international brand, with key markets in Italy and Japan.

Since 2024, Trussardi has operated as part of the Miroglio Group, a fashion and retail company founded in 1947.
Christi Craddick
Christi Leigh Craddick (born July 1, 1970) is an American politician. She is one of three members of the Railroad Commission of Texas, the elected regulatory body over oil, natural gas, utilities, and surface mining first established in 1891. The commission ended all controls over railroads in 2005 but is still known as the "Railroad Commission" for historical reasons. She is a Republican.

A native of Midland, Texas, Craddick has served as Railroad Commissioner since 2012. After winning re-election for a third term in 2024, Craddick announced in March 2025 her decision to run for Texas Comptroller in the 2026 election.

Midland, Texas
Midland is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Midland County in West Texas, with small portions extending into Martin County. The population was 132,524 at the 2020 census. Located in the Permian Basin, Midland is a major center for American oil and natural gas production.

The Midland metropolitan area includes all of Midland County and had 169,983 residents at the 2020 census. The metropolitan area is part of the larger Midland–Odessa combined statistical area, which had a population of 340,391 in the 2020 census. Residents of Midland are referred to as "Midlanders".

Midland was founded as the midway point between Fort Worth and El Paso on the Texas and Pacific Railway in 1881. The city has many connections to the Bush family; it was the one-time home of former U.S. presidents George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush, and the hometown of former First Lady Laura Bush. The Bush Family Home State Historic Site is located in Midland.
Rajna
Rajna is a surname. In several Eastern European languages such as Hungarian, Rajna is the name of the river Rhine.

Notable people with this surname include:

András Rajna (born 1960), Hungarian sprint canoer

Daniel Rajna (born 1968), South African ballet dancer

Mihály Rácz Rajna (born 1934), Hungarian stage actor

Miklós Rajna (born 1991), Hungarian ice hockey goaltender

Rajna Dragićević, Serbian linguist, lexicologist and lexicographer

Thomas Rajna (1928–2021), British composer

Miklós Rajna
Miklós Rajna (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈmikloːʃ ˈrɒjnɒ]; born 22 June 1991 in Dunaújváros) is a Hungarian professional ice hockey goaltender who last played for Coventry Blaze in the UK's Elite Ice Hockey League (EIHL).
Duško Ajder
Dušan "Duško" Ajder (Serbian Cyrillic: Душко Ајдер; born 6 December 1958) is a Serbian retired footballer who played as a central defender.

Born in Belgrade, SR Serbia, he played for Belgrade clubs Red Star and FK Rad in the Yugoslav First League before moving abroad, first to Turkey, to play with Ankaragücü and then to Portugal to play with Leça.

Yugoslav First League
The Yugoslav First League (Bosnian: Prva savezna liga u fudbalu, Serbian: Прва савезна лига у фудбалу, Prva savezna liga u fudbalu, Croatian: Prva savezna nogometna liga, Slovene: Prva zvezna nogometna liga, Macedonian: Прва сојузна фудбалска лига, romanized: Prva sojuzna fudbalska liga, Albanian: Liga e parë federale e futbollit, Hungarian: Első szövetségi labdarúgó-bajnokság) was the premier football league in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941) and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992).

The First League Championship was one of two national competitions held annually in Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav Cup being the other.

The league became fully professional in 1967.
Harrer (surname)
Harrer is a German surname. It commonly refers to Heinrich Harrer (1912–2006), Austrian mountaineer, sportsman, geographer, and writer.

Other notable people with the surname include:

Alois Harrer (1926–2009), West German cross-country skier

Corinna Harrer (born 1991), German middle-distance runner

David Harrer (born 1990), Austrian football (soccer) midfielder

Ferenc Harrer (1874–1969), Hungarian politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1919

Gottlob Harrer (1703–1755), German composer

Karl Harrer (1890–1926), German journalist and politician

Martin Harrer (born 1992), Austrian football (soccer) forward

Pál Harrer (1829–1914), Hungarian councillor and politician

Tim Harrer (born 1957), American ice hockey player

Viona Harrer (born 1986), German ice hockey player

Viona Harrer
Viona Harrer (born 5 November 1986) is a German female ice hockey goaltender, who played for the otherwise all-male Team Tölzer Löwen and for the Germany women's national ice hockey team.  At a 2009 Women's Four Nations Tournament held in Slovakia, Harrer was named the tournament's top goaltender.
Richard T. McGrath
Richard T. McGrath (1868 – 1934) was a politician in Newfoundland. He represented Placentia and St. Mary's in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1894 to 1897 and from 1900 to 1904 as a Liberal.

The son of Richard McGrath and Margaret Fanning, he was born in Oderin. He began work as customs sub-collector in Oderin and LaManche in Placentia Bay in 1890. He was elected to the assembly in a 1894 by-election held after his brother James was disqualified. McGrath was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1897. After that, he served as stipendiary magistrate at Oderin for almost 20 years, stepping down from that post temporarily while he served a second term in the assembly. He next served as customs agent at St. John's from 1919 until his death.

Placentia Bay
Placentia Bay (French: Baie de Plaisance) is a body of water on the southeast coast of Newfoundland, Canada. It is formed by Burin Peninsula on the west and Avalon Peninsula on the east. Fishing grounds in the bay were used by native people long before the first European fishermen arrived in the 16th century. For a time, the French controlled the bay. They built their capital at Placentia on the east coast. The British gained Placentia during the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. The town and nearby Castle Hill are national historic sites. English settlement followed in the bay and today the main communities are Burin, Marystown, and Placentia.

On 14 August 1941, US Naval Station Argentia, in Little Placentia Sound, was the site of the Atlantic Conference for the Atlantic Charter. Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt met face to face there for the first time since both had taken office.
An American Tail: Fievel Goes West (soundtrack)
An American Tail: Fievel Goes West (Music from the Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack and score album to the 1991 film An American Tail: Fievel Goes West. The animated Western comedy film, which was the first to be produced by Amblimation, an animation studio and subsidiary of Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment, is the sequel to An American Tail (1986). 
James Horner who composed music for the first film, returned to score for Fievel Goes West, and also wrote four original songs with Will Jennings. The album featured four songs, with Linda Ronstadt and Cathy Cavadini performing the tracks. The original song "Dreams to Dream" received a nomination for Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, and was shortlisted for the nomination of Academy Award for Best Original Song, but the track was not nominated.

Academy Award for Best Original Song
The Academy Award for Best Original Song is one of the awards given annually to people working in the motion picture industry by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It is presented to the songwriters who have composed the best original song written specifically for a film. The performers of a song are not credited with the Academy Award unless they contributed either to music, lyrics, or both in their own right. The songs that are nominated for this award are typically performed during the ceremony and before this award is presented.

The award category was introduced at the 7th Academy Awards, the ceremony honoring the best in film for 1934. Nominations are made by Academy members who are songwriters and composers, and the winners are chosen by the Academy membership as a whole. Fifteen songs are shortlisted before nominations are announced.
Aleksandr Gorbunov
Aleksandr Vladimirovich Gorbunov (Russian: Александр Владимирович Горбунов; born 24 May 1990) is a Russian cosmonaut and aerospace engineer. A native of Zheleznogorsk, he graduated with a degree in engineering from the Moscow Aviation Institute.

Gorbunov serves as a lieutenant in the Air Force Reserve of the Russian Aerospace Forces. Before becoming a cosmonaut, he worked as a design engineer at the Energia corporation, contributing to the development and operations of the Progress MS cargo spacecraft.

In 2018, he was selected to join the Roscosmos Cosmonaut Corps. His first spaceflight took place aboard SpaceX Crew-9, which launched in September 2024 and concluded with a splashdown off the coast of Florida in March 2025. During the mission, he served as a flight engineer on the International Space Station as part of Expedition 72.

Russian Air Force
The Russian Air Force (Russian: Военно-воздушные силы России, ВВС, romanized: Voenno-vozdushnye sily Rossii, VVS) is a branch of the Russian Aerospace Forces, which was formed on 1 August 2015, with the merging of the Russian Air Force and the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the reborn Russian armed forces began to be created on 7 May 1992 following Boris Yeltsin's creation of the Ministry of Defence. However, the Russian Federation's air force can trace its lineage and traditions back to the Imperial Russian Air Service (1912–1917) and the Soviet Air Forces (1918–1991).
Waaris (2016 TV series)
Waaris (English: The Heir) is an Indian Hindi drama television series based on the practice of Bacha posh and broadcast on &TV from 16 May 2016 to 1 December 2017. The title track has been sung by the Nooran Sisters. It stars  Farnaz Shetty and Neel Motwani.

&TV
&TV, also known as And TV, is a Hindi-language entertainment channel owned by Zee Entertainment Enterprises (ZEEL). Launched as a general entertainment channel from ZEEL group, it started broadcasting on 2 March 2015 with internationally in Middle East. On 6 April 2015, &TV launched in UK replace Lamhe. On 1 June 2019, &TV was closed in the UK due to the launch of ZEE5. On 11 November 2024, &TV relaunched in the UK on Samsung TV Plus and Rakuten tv on 10 March 2025.
Esna (singer)
Esther Nara Yoon (born November 7, 1987), known professionally as Esna (Korean: 에스나, stylized as eSNa), is an American singer-songwriter active in South Korea. Her first extended play, eSNa The Singer, was released in October 2015. She has also written songs for other artists, including the 2014 hit single "Some".

Geeks (musical duo)
Geeks (Korean: 긱스) is a South Korean hip hop duo composed of rappers Lil Boi and Louie. They are signed under Grandline Entertainment and Rainbow Bridge World. They are both credited lyricists, composers, and producers, as well as notable Korean rappers in their own right. They hit mainstream crossover success in a collaboration with Sistar's Soyou in the track "Officially Missing You Too," a major K-pop hit of 2012.
Kristian Langlo
Kristian Langlo (3 May 1894 – 20 October 1976) was a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party.

He was born in Stranda Municipality. He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from the Market towns of Møre og Romsdal county in 1949, and was later re-elected on one occasion (in 1961).

Langlo held various positions in municipal council of Ålesund Municipality from 1931 to 1934 and 1945 to 1955, serving as mayor in the period 1947–1949.

Stranda Municipality
Stranda is a municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is part of the Sunnmøre region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Stranda. Stranda consists of three smaller villages and one larger central village. The smaller villages are Hellesylt, Geiranger, and Liabygda. The central village, Stranda (same name as the municipality), has about 2,600 inhabitants. Stranda Municipality is known for tourist attractions such as Geirangerfjorden, Sunnylvsfjorden, and the ski area at Strandafjellet.

The 866-square-kilometre (334 sq mi) municipality is the 134th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Stranda Municipality is the 196th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 4,348. The municipality's population density is 5 inhabitants per square kilometre (13/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 5.8% over the previous 10-year period.