hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Northern constituency (Dagestan)
The Northern constituency (No.10) is a Russian legislative constituency in Dagestan. The constituency covers northern Dagestan, mostly populated by Kumyks, Nogais and Russians. The present day Northern constituency was created in 2015 from most parts of former Makhachkala constituency and small territory of former Buynaksk constituency.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by United Russia deputy Abdulkhakim Gadzhiyev, Police Major General and Rosgvardiya officer, who won the open seat, succeeding two-term United Russia incumbent Umakhan Umakhanov.

Nogais
The Nogais (/noʊˈɡaɪ/ noh-GY) are a Turkic people who speak Nogai, a language from the Kipchak branch of the Turkic languages. They live in Eastern Europe, the North Caucasus, the Volga region, Central Asia, and Turkey. Most are found in northern Dagestan and Stavropol Krai, as well as in Karachay-Cherkessia, Chechnya, and Astrakhan Oblast; some also live in Dobruja (Romania and Bulgaria), Turkey, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, and a small Nogai diaspora is found in Syria and Jordan. They speak the Nogai language and are descendants of various Mongolic and Turkic tribes who formed the Nogai Horde. There are nine main groups of Nogais: the Ak Nogai, the Karagash, the Koban-Nogai, the Kundraw-Nogai, the Achikulak-Nogai, the Qara-Nogai, the Utars, the Bug-Nogai, and the Yurt-Nogai.
Reuss (surname)
Reuss is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adolph Reuss (1804–1878), a German herpetologist

Albert Franz Theodor Reuss (1879–1958), amateur German herpetologist

Allan Reuss (1915–1988), American musician

August Emanuel von Reuss (1811–1873), a Bohemian-Austrian geologist and paleontologist

August Leopold von Reuss (1841–1924), Bohemian-Austrian ophthalmologist

Édouard Guillaume Eugène Reuss (1804–1891), a theologian

Heinrich XIII Prinz Reuss (born 1951), a German aristocrat accused of terrorism

Henry S. Reuss (1912–2002), an American Congressman

Isabel Reuss (born 1962), a Mexican freestyle swimmer

Jerry Reuss (born 1949), an American baseball player

Mark Reuss (born 1963), Global President of General Motors Co.

Theodor Reuss (1855–1923), German occultist

August Leopold von Reuss
August Leopold von Reuss (5 November 1841 – 4 September 1924) was an Austrian ophthalmologist. He was born in Bilin, Bohemia, and died in Vienna. He was the son of the geologist August Emanuel von Reuss (1811-1873), and father to the pediatrician August Reuss (1879-1954).
Bob Goin
Robert Goin (October 3, 1936 – October 12, 2019) was an American football and baseball coach and college athletics administrator. He was the head football coach at Bethany College in Bethany, West Virginia from 1963 to 1972, compiling a record of 45–32–2. He was also the college's head baseball coach and athletics director. Goin was the athletics director at California University of Pennsylvania from 1979 to 1981, Florida State University from 1990 to 1994 and the University of Cincinnati from 1997 to 2005

PennWest California
Pennsylvania Western University – California (abbreviated as PennWest California) is a campus of Pennsylvania Western University in California, Pennsylvania, United States. The campus had an enrollment of 2,717 as of fall 2024.

Founded in 1852 and merged into Pennsylvania Western University in 2021, the university offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. It is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. The school was California University of Pennsylvania from 1983 to 2022, before the merger.
Edapt
Edapt is an organisation which provides school teachers and staff, in England and Wales, with advice and accompaniment in individual employment disputes and allegations.

It was founded as an apolitical alternative to the traditional teaching unions such as the NEU or NASUWT.

Its founder was John Roberts a former secondary-school teacher, and senior leader at Oak National Academy.

Edapt is based in Manchester, England, and operates across England and Wales.

Employment Relations Act 1999
The Employment Relations Act 1999 (c. 26) is an act of Parliament of the United Kingdom. The act implemented measures proposed in the Fairness at Work white paper and so the act was sometimes known as the "Fairness at Work Bill".

It made significant amendments in UK labour law to the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992.
Ghorakhal
Ghorakal is the place situated in the Nainital district of the Uttarakhand state of India
Ghorakhal means pond for water to horses. It is the picturesque site at the height of more than 2,000 m.

It is situated near Bhowali and is the seat for the boarding school, known as Sainik School Ghorakhal, established in 1966 at the Ghorakhal Estate of the Nawab of Rampur. The aim of Sainik Schools is to prepare boys (and recently some girls) for entry to the National Defence Academy (India). ″The famous Golu Devta temple is situated on a hill above overlooking the school.

Some scenes of Madhumati 1958 classic by Bimal Roy, which was shot extensively around Nainital had some scenes shot at Ghorakhal as well. And scene of the temple in Vivah 2006 movie had the scene from the famous Golu Devta Mandir

Nainital district
Nainital district is a district in Kumaon division which is a part of Uttarakhand state in India.  The headquarters is at Nainital.

Nainital District is located in Kumaon Division, and is located in the lower Himalayas. Haldwani is the largest city in the district.
Moncheaux-lès-Frévent
Moncheaux-lès-Frévent (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃ʃo lɛ fʁevɑ̃], literally Moncheaux near Frévent) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France 20 miles (32 km) west of Arras.

Pas-de-Calais
The Pas-de-Calais (French: [pɑ d(ə) kalɛ] ⓘ, 'strait of Calais'; Picard: Pas-Calés; Dutch: Nauw van Calais) is a department in northern France named after the French designation of the Strait of Dover, which it borders. It has the most communes of all the departments of France, with 887, and is the 8th most populous. It had a population of 1,465,278 in 2019. The Calais Passage connects to the Port of Calais on the English Channel. The Pas-de-Calais borders the departments of Nord and Somme and is connected to the English county of Kent via the Channel Tunnel.
Acidulated water
Acidulated water is water where some sort of acid is added—often lemon juice, lime juice, or vinegar—to prevent cut or skinned fruits or vegetables from browning so as to maintain their appearance. Some vegetables and fruits often placed in acidulated water are apples, avocados, celeriac, potatoes and pears. When the fruit or vegetable is removed from the mixture, it will usually resist browning for at least an hour or two, even though it is being exposed to oxygen.

An added benefit of placing items in acidulated water is that the food item acquires a taste of the acid used, which can be very pleasant on the palate.

Acidulated water, most often made with the use of vinegar, can be used on an aged, hanging beef carcass (butchered) to help clean it.  The hanging primals / sub-primals can be wiped down with a cloth that has been submerged in the acidulated solution to help remove the "slick" surface that can build up during the aging process.

Vinegar
Vinegar (from Old French  vyn egre 'sour wine') is an odorous aqueous solution of diluted acetic acid and trace compounds that may include flavorings or naturally occurring organic compounds. Vinegar typically contains from 4% to 18% acetic acid by volume.

Usually, the acetic acid is produced by a double fermentation—converting simple sugars to ethanol using yeast, and then converting ethanol to acetic acid using acetic acid bacteria. Many types of vinegar are made, depending on source materials.

The product is now mainly used in the culinary arts as a flavorful, acidic cooking ingredient, salad dressing, or pickling agent. Various types are used as condiments or garnishes, including balsamic vinegar and malt vinegar.

As an easily manufactured mild acid, it has a wide variety of industrial and domestic uses, including functioning as a household cleaner.
2003 Zona Rosa attacks
On November 15, 2003, in a terrorist attack, grenades were thrown in two bars in the wealthy Zona Rosa neighborhood of Bogotá, Colombia, killing one person, injuring 73 and badly damaging the premises.

The authorities blamed Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) guerillas for the attack. The fatal victim was a young woman. Three Americans and a German were among the injured. It was believed the FARC targeted Americans in the attack. The U.S. government provided $2.5 billion to the Colombian government in its fight against rebels and drug traffickers. The attack was the sixth in Bogotá that year, and prompted security concerns to residents amid the rebels' increasing attacks in urban areas.

The national police captured one of the men who threw the grenades.

Chapinero
Chapinero is the 2nd locality of Bogotá, capital of Colombia. It is located in the north of the city and is one of the more affluent districts of the city. This district is mostly inhabited by upper-class residents, although it also encompasses less wealthy neighborhoods such as Bosque Calderón Tejada or El Paraíso that started out as informal settlements. The boundaries are Calle 39 in the south, Avenida Caracas in the west, Calle 100 in the north and the Eastern Hills in the east.

The Central Business District (CBD) is located between Calle 72 (traditionally known as the Financial District) in the south and Calle 100 in the north. Chapinero hosts several important leisure, dining and nightlife areas of the city. The locality covers 3,899 hectares (9,630 acres). 35.1% is considered urban area, 23.1% unbuilt area; 20.4% residential area and 21.2% protected rural area.
1942 United States Senate election in Alabama
The 1942 United States Senate election in Alabama was held on November 3, 1942.

Incumbent two term Senator John H. Bankhead II won re-election to a third term unopposed. However, Bankhead would not complete his term as he died on June 12, 1946.

John H. Bankhead II
John Hollis Bankhead II (July 8, 1872 – June 12, 1946) was a U.S. senator from the state of Alabama. Like his father, John H. Bankhead, he was elected three times to the Senate, and like his father, he died in office.

He served in the Senate from March 4, 1931, to his death on June 12, 1946. He was first elected to the Senate in 1930 by defeating J. Thomas Heflin, the man who succeeded his father. Though Bankhead won the election by 20 points, Heflin challenged the results for over a year. He served as chairman of the Committee on Irrigation and Reclamation. After his death, Bankhead was succeeded by George R. Swift, who was appointed to fill his seat until a successor, John J. Sparkman, could be elected. Bankhead is remembered as a spokesman for farmers and against civil rights for African Americans.
Tranekær Municipality
Until 1 January 2007 Tranekær Municipality was a municipality (Danish: kommune) in the former Funen County, on the northern parts of the island of Langeland. It also included the island of Siø. The municipality covered an area of 107.45 km2, and had a total population of 3,439 (2006). Its last mayor was Jørgen Nielsen, a member of the Venstres political party.

Tranekær Municipality bordered Rudkøbing Municipality to the south and east, and connected to Svendborg Municipality from Siø through the Siøsund Bridge.

The municipality ceased to exist as the result of Kommunalreformen 2007 (the Municipality Reform of 2007). It was merged with the Sydlangeland and Rudkøbing municipalities to form the new Langeland municipality. The new municipality belongs to the Region of Southern Denmark.

Langeland Municipality
Langeland Municipality (Danish: Langeland Kommune) is a kommune in the Region of Southern Denmark, located entirely on the island of Langeland and a number of smaller surrounding islands. The municipality covers an area of 290.30 km2, and has a total population of 11,973 (2025). Being an island, it doesn't have any land borders with any other municipality, though it connects to Svendborg Municipality through the Siøsund Bridge. There are connections by ferry to Ærø Municipality and Lolland Municipality. Its mayor is Tonni Hansen, a member of the Socialist People's Party. The main town and the site of its municipal council is the city of Rudkøbing.

Besides the island of Langeland, the municipality also consists of the inhabited islands of Strynø, Siø, Langø and Lindø as well as the uninhabited islands of Lille Græsholm, Bredholm, Grensholm, Strynø Kalv, Vogterholm, Bondeholm, Store Holm, Bukø, Kværnen, Eskilsø, Kuholm and Asholm.
Nam June Paik Art Center
Nam June Paik Art Center is an art gallery in Giheung District, Yongin, Seoul Capital Area, South Korea. It opened in 2008 and hosts both permanent and temporary exhibitions. It is named after the Korean American artist Nam June Paik, whose work is included in its permanent collection.

The gallery awards the Nam June Paik Art Center Prize.

Giheung District
Giheung District (Korean: 기흥구; RR: Giheung-gu) is a gu (district) in Yongin, South Korea. It has 10 dong (neighborhoods). Its area is 81.67 km2 and it has 439.877 inhabitants (in 2022). Giheung District was formed in 2005. It was formed with other gu in Yongin in 2005.
Edwin Neal
Joseph Edwin Neal Jr. (born July 12, 1945) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as the hitchhiker in The Texas Chain Saw Massacre and has been a voice talent, appearing on screen and off, including three voices in Wii's Metroid Prime 3: Corruption and three voices in the DC Universe Online game; those of Two-Face, Killer Croc, and Harvey Bullock. Neal set a record of doing 26 different voices in the only completely unedited version of all 105 episodes of Gatchaman (Battle of the Planets), which included the lead villain Berg Katse.

DC Universe Online
DC Universe Online (DCUO) is a free-to-play massively multiplayer online game (MMO) set in the fictional universe of DC Comics. Developed by Dimensional Ink Games and co-published by Daybreak Game Company and WB Games, the game was initially released in January 2011 for Windows and PlayStation 3. It was later released in November 2013 for PlayStation 4, April 2016 for Xbox One, August 2019 for Nintendo Switch, March 2024 for PlayStation 5, and October 2024 for Xbox Series X/S.

DC Universe Online was Arleen Sorkin's final performance, before her death on August 24, 2023.
Colin Podmore
Colin John Podmore MBE FRHistS (born 22 February 1960) is a Cornish ecclesiastical historian and a senior layperson in the Church of England. Between April 2013 and February 2020 he was the director of Forward in Faith, a traditionalist Anglo-Catholic organization within the church. He was previously the secretary of the House of Clergy of the General Synod (2002–2011) and clerk to the General Synod (2011–2013).

Church history
Church history or ecclesiastical history as an academic discipline studies the history of Christianity and the way the Christian Church has developed since its inception.

Henry Melvill Gwatkin defined church history as "the spiritual side of the history of civilized people ever since our Master's coming". A. M. Renwick, however, defines it as an account of the Church's success and failure in carrying out Christ's Great Commission. Renwick suggests a fourfold division of church history into missionary activity, church organization, doctrine and "the effect on human life".

Church history is often, but not always, studied from a Christian perspective. Writers from different Christian traditions will often highlight people and events particularly relevant to their own denominational history. Catholic and Orthodox writers often highlight the achievements of the ecumenical councils, while evangelical historians may focus on the Protestant Reformation and the Great Awakenings.
Kehar Singh (artist)
Kehar Singh (1820–1882) was a Sikh artist who was employed as a court painter by the Sikh states of Lahore and Kapurthala.: xxi  Baba Kehar Singh Musawar was a prominent artist of the Sikh Naqqashi school of art and helped innovate it. The art of frescoes was introduced by the artist Bhai Kehar Singh Musawar under the patronage of Maharaja Ranjit Singh during the era of the Sikh Empire.  He was one of the most important of the court painters of Ranjit Singh. Kehar Singh and his family were honoured as Fakhr-e-Qoum ("pride of the nation").: 49–53

Kapurthala State
Kapurthala State was a kingdom and later princely state of the Punjab Province of British India. Ruled by Ahluwalia Sikh rulers, spread across 510 square miles (1,300 km2). According to the 1901 census the state had a population of 314,341 and contained two towns and 167 villages. In 1930, Kapurthala became part of the Punjab States Agency and acceded to the Union of India in 1947.

In colonial India, Kapurthala State was known for its communal harmony, with its Sikh ruler Jagatjit Singh building the Moorish Mosque for his Muslim subjects. At the time of the Indian independence movement, the ruler of the Kapurthala State opposed the partition of India and advocated for a united, secular country.
Bush, Louisiana
Bush is an unincorporated community in northeastern St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, United States. Bush is on Louisiana Highway 21 south of Sun connecting to Bogalusa . It is part of the New Orleans–Metairie–Kenner Metropolitan Statistical Area. Highway 21 crosses the Bogue Chitto River approximately 1.45 miles (2.33 km) north of town.

Metairie, Louisiana
Metairie (/ˈmɛtəri/ MET-ər-ee) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, United States, and is part of the New Orleans metropolitan area. With a population of 143,507 in 2020, Metairie is the largest community in Jefferson Parish, the fifth-largest CDP in the United States, and the largest outside Clark County, Nevada. It is an unincorporated area that (as of 2020) would have been Louisiana's fourth-largest city behind Shreveport if incorporated.
Czechoslovakia at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Czechoslovakia competed at the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States. Because of the ongoing Great Depression and high costs for the trip to Los Angeles, the Czechoslovak state refused to sponsor the trip, but the 7 best athletes still participated in events with the help of street fundraising. Those 7 athletes were very successful, with the majority gaining medals, including weightlifter Jaroslav Skobla, who won gold.

Street fundraising
Street fundraising consists of various ways of asking for donations on behalf of a charity. Those asking for donations may be paid employees of the charity (or more commonly a private contractor working on behalf of the charity), or they may be volunteers.
Mo Wuping
Mo Wuping (Chinese: 莫五平; pinyin: Mò Wǔpíng; 5 September 1958, Hengyang, Hunan – 2 June 1993, Beijing) was a Chinese contemporary classical composer. He entered the Central Conservatory of Music in Beijing to study composition with Luo Zhongrong in 1983. In 1990 he went to France and study with Yoshihisa Taira in École Normale de Musique de Paris. He became a member of SACEM in 1992. He died in Beijing in 1993.

Mo's son Mo Mo is a cellist.

Central Conservatory of Music
The Central Conservatory of Music (CCOM; Chinese: 中央音乐学院; pinyin: Zhōngyāng Yīnyuè Xuéyuàn) is the national music academy of China, located in Beijing. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education. The academy is part of Project 211 and the Double First-Class Construction.
Anders Kaagh
Anders Kaagh (born 18 July 1986) is a Danish retired footballer. He has previous represented Aarhus GF, Viborg FF, FC Djursland, Stenløse, Herlev IF and HB Køge.

Kaagh was loaned out to the Norwegian club Mandalskameratene in the first half of the 2007 season and scored one goal in 13 matches for the club in the Norwegian First Division.

He signed a contract with HB Køge on 10 July 2012.

On June 28 Vejle Boldklub announced that they had signed a contract with Anders Kaagh, joining the club on Monday, June 30, 2014.

He is the twin brother of Kristian Kaagh, who is also a football player.

Norwegian First Division
The Norwegian First Division, also called 1. divisjon (Norwegian: første divisjon) and OBOS-ligaen (due to  sponsoring ties with OBOS), is the second-highest level of the Norwegian football league system. Each year, the top finishing teams in the 1. divisjon are promoted to the Eliteserien, and the lowest finishing teams are relegated to 2. divisjon.

1. divisjon was previously known as 2. divisjon (1963–1990) and replaced regional league Landsdelsserien (1951–1962) after the latter was dissolved after the 1961–62 season. The second tier was also prior to Landsdelsserien known as 1. divisjon (1948–1951). Formally, it was a semi-professional league. The tier has been restructured many times and consists of 16 teams at present.
Bruce W. Stallsmith
Bruce W. Stallsmith is a professor of biology at the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH)  in Huntsville, Alabama and served as the 2000–2008 president of the North American Native Fishes Association (NANFA). He now serves as the Research Grant Chair for NANFA.

His current research interests include the reproductive ecology of the Telescope Shiner, Notropis telescopus; the effects of 11-ketotestosterone in the Scarlet Shiner, Lythrurus fasciolaris; the threatened status of the Flame Chub, Hemitremia flammea; and the genetic variability of the Stippled Studfish, Fundulus bifax, a fish endemic to the Tallapoosa drainage system in Alabama.

Stallsmith teaches Introduction Biology, Organismal Biology, Vertebrate Zoology, and Vertebrate Reproduction at UAH.

Tallapoosa River
The Tallapoosa River runs 265 miles (426 km) from the southern end of the Appalachian Mountains in Georgia, United States, southward and westward into the Appalachian foothills in Alabama. It is formed by the confluence of McClendon Creek and Mud Creek in Paulding County, Georgia. Lake Martin at Dadeville, Alabama is a large and popular water recreation area formed by a dam on the river. The Tallapoosa joins the Coosa River about 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Montgomery near Wetumpka (in Elmore County) to form the Alabama River.

There are four hydroelectric dams on the Tallapoosa: Yates, Thurlow, Martin and Harris dams. They are important sources of electricity generation for Alabama Power (a unit of the Southern Company) and recreation for the public.
H.R. 3578 (113th Congress)
The bill H.R. 3578 had the long title "To ensure that any new or revised requirement providing for the screening, testing, or treatment of an airman or an air traffic controller for a sleep disorder is adopted pursuant to a rulemaking proceeding, and for other purposes." It is a bill that would require that "any federal rules on testing of air traffic controllers for sleep disorders are issued under a formal rulemaking process."

The bill was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.

113th United States Congress
The 113th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, from January 3, 2013, to January 3, 2015, during the fifth and sixth years of Barack Obama's presidency. It was composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives based on the results of the 2012 Senate elections and the 2012 House elections. The seats in the House were apportioned based on the 2010 United States census. It first met in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2013, and it ended on January 3, 2015. Senators elected to regular terms in 2008 were in the last two years of those terms during this Congress.

The Senate had a Democratic majority, while the House had a Republican majority; such a split would not be repeated until the 118th Congress. This was the last time Democrats held control of the Senate until the 117th Congress in 2021.