hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Barnacle Bill (Martian rock)
Barnacle Bill is a 40-centimetre (16 in) rock on Mars in Ares Vallis. It was the first rock on Mars analyzed by the Sojourner rover using its Alpha Proton X-ray Spectrometer. The encounter occurred during Sol 3 of the Mars Pathfinder mission on the surface of Mars and took ten hours to complete.

Early analysis of data sent from Sojourner led scientists to speculate that the rock was andesite.

The name was inspired in mission scientists by barnacle-like structures on the rock that appeared in transmitted photos.

Timekeeping on Mars
Though no standard exists, numerous calendars and other timekeeping approaches have been proposed for the planet Mars. The most commonly seen in the scientific literature denotes the time of year as the number of degrees on its orbit from the northward equinox, and increasingly there is use of numbering the Martian years beginning at the equinox that occurred April 11, 1955.

Mars has an axial tilt and a rotation period similar to those of Earth. Thus, it experiences seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter much like Earth. Mars's orbital eccentricity is considerably larger, which causes its seasons to vary significantly in length. A sol, or Martian day, is not that different from an Earth day: less than an hour longer. However, a Mars year is almost twice as long as an Earth year.
Tyler Naquin
Tyler Wesley Naquin (/ˈnɒkæn/ NOK-an; born April 24, 1991) is an American professional baseball pitcher and outfielder who is a free agent. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Cleveland Indians, Cincinnati Reds, New York Mets, and Chicago White Sox. He made his MLB debut in 2016. Prior to playing professionally, Naquin played college baseball for the Texas A&M Aggies. Originally an outfielder, Naquin transitioned to a pitcher prior to the 2025 season.

Texas A&M Aggies
The Texas A&M Aggies are the students, graduates, and sports teams of Texas A&M University. The nickname "Aggie" was once common at land-grant or "ag" (agriculture) schools in many states. The teams are also simply referred to as "A&M" or "Texas Aggies", and the official school colors are maroon and white. The mascot is a rough collie named Reveille.

The sports teams compete in Division I of the NCAA. Until the dissolution of the Southwest Conference, Texas A&M was a charter member of that conference. The Aggies became members of the Big 12 Conference with its subsequent formation in 1996. On July 1, 2012, they left the Big 12 Conference and joined the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
Hříšice
Hříšice is a municipality and village in Jindřichův Hradec District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.

Hříšice lies approximately 37 kilometres (23 mi) east of Jindřichův Hradec, 76 km (47 mi) east of České Budějovice, and 134 km (83 mi) south-east of Prague.

Jindřichův Hradec
Jindřichův Hradec (Czech pronunciation: [ˈjɪndr̝ɪxuːf ˈɦradɛts] ⓘ; German: Neuhaus) is a town in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 21,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.
Chaplin River
The Chaplin River is an 85.6-mile-long (137.8 km) tributary of the Beech Fork of the Salt River in the U.S. state of Kentucky.

The name comes from Captain Abraham Chapline, an early explorer of the area.

The river's headwaters begin on the knob edges of the Pennyroyal Plateau near Parksville, Kentucky and the Parksville Knob, flow in parallel with the Salt River proper through the hilly Eden Shale belt and ending at the Beech Fork of the Salt River near the town of Chaplin. The river flows through the counties of Washington, Mercer, and Boyle.

The river flows through the middle of Perryville, the site of an 1862 American Civil War battle. The stream was a strategic natural resource used by both the Union and Confederate armies, though the river is but a large stream at this point in its journey.

Washington County, Kentucky
Washington County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, its population was 12,027. Its county seat is Springfield. The county is named for George Washington. Washington County was the first county formed in the Commonwealth of Kentucky when it reached statehood, and the 16th county formed. The center of population of Kentucky is located in Washington County, in the city of Willisburg. Before 2025, the county was dry, meaning that the sale of alcohol was prohibited, but it contained the "wet" city of Springfield, where retail alcohol sales are allowed. This classified the jurisdiction as a moist county. The county become  wet  in November, 2024 after a ballot initiative. Three wineries operate in the county and are licensed separately to sell to the public. Jacob Beam, founder of Jim Beam whiskey, sold his first barrel of whiskey in Washington County.
Reverse domain name notation
Reverse domain name notation (or reverse-DNS) is a naming convention for components, packages, types or file names used by a programming language, system or framework. Reverse-DNS strings are based on registered domain names, with the order of the components reversed for grouping purposes. For example, if a company making the product "MyProduct" has the domain name example.com, they could use the reverse-DNS string com.example.MyProduct as an identifier for that product. Reverse-DNS names are a simple way of eliminating namespace collisions, since any registered domain name is globally unique to its owner (with alt roots making exceptions to this rule possible but unlikely).

Alternative DNS root
The Internet uses the Domain Name System (DNS) to associate numeric computer IP addresses with human-readable names. The top level of the domain name hierarchy, the DNS root, contains the top-level domains that appear as the suffixes of all Internet domain names. The most widely used (and first) DNS root is administered by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). In addition, several organizations operate alternative DNS roots, often referred to as alt roots. These alternative domain name systems operate their own root name servers and commonly administer their own specific name spaces consisting of custom top-level domains.

The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) has spoken out strongly against alternative roots in RFC 2826.
Ben Jacques-Maynes
Benjamin Jacques-Maynes (born September 22, 1978) is an American former road bicycle racing cyclist, who competed professionally between 2002 and 2015 for the Sierra Nevada–Cannondale, Bissell and Jamis–Hagens Berman teams. His identical twin brother, Andy Jacques-Maynes, also competed professionally and was also part of the Bissell team in 2011.

Team Jamis
Team Jamis (UCI team code: JSH) was an American UCI Continental cycling team that focused on road bicycle racing. The team was managed by Carine Joannou of Jamis Bicycles with assistance from directeur sportif Sebastian Alexandre.

The disbanded at the end of the 2016 season.
Water polo at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships – Men's tournament
The men's water polo tournament at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships, organised by the FINA, was held in Gwangju, South Korea from 15 to 27 July. This was the eighteenth time that the men's water polo tournament has been played since the first edition in 1973.

Italy defeated Spain in the final to win their fourth title, while Croatia won against Hungary to capture the bronze medal.

Gwangju
Gwangju (Korean: 광주; Korean: [kwaŋ.dʑu] ⓘ), formerly romanized as Kwangju, is South Korea's sixth-largest metropolis. It is a designated metropolitan city under the direct control of the central government's Home Minister. The city was also the capital of South Jeolla Province until its promotion to a metropolitan city in 2005, upon which the provincial office moved to the southern village of Namak in Muan County.

Its name is composed of the words gwang (Korean: 광; Hanja: 光) meaning "light" and ju (주; 州) meaning "province". Gwangju was historically recorded as Muju (무주; 武州), in which "Silla merged all of the land to establish the provinces of Gwangju, Ungju, Jeonju, Muju and various counties, plus the southern boundary of Goguryeo and the ancient territories of Silla" in the Samguk sagi. In the heart of the agricultural Jeolla region, the city is also famous for its rich and diverse cuisine.
2017 German Open
The 2017 German Open (also known as the 2017 German Tennis Championships) was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It was the 111th edition of the German Open Tennis Championships and part of the ATP World Tour 500 series of the 2017 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Am Rothenbaum in Hamburg, Germany, from 24 July until 30 July 2017. Unseeded Leonardo Mayer, who entered the main draw as a lucky loser, won the singles draw.

Dmitry Tursunov
Dmitry Igorevich Tursunov (Russian: Дми́трий И́горевич Турсу́нов, IPA: [ˈdmʲitrʲɪj tʊrˈsunəf] ⓘ; born 12 December 1982) is a Russian tennis coach and former player. At age 12, he moved to the United States to train and further his prospects of becoming a professional player. His career-high singles ranking is world No. 20, achieved in October 2006.

Tursunov jokes about his lack of ability and success on clay courts. He was sponsored by Fila and Wilson. He helped the Russian Davis Cup team win the 2006 Davis Cup and reach the finals of the 2007 Davis Cup.
Caribbean South America
Caribbean South America is a subregion of South America that borders the Caribbean Sea, including the Southern Caribbean, consisting of the Caribbean region of Colombia and the Venezuelan Caribbean.

Significant cities and metropolitan areas with populations over 250,000 on South America's Caribbean coast include, from west to east: Cartagena (914,552), Barranquilla (2,370,753 metropolitan area), Santa Marta (499,192 district), Maracaibo (5,278,448 metropolitan area), Caracas (8,956,813 metropolitan area), Barcelona (815,141), Puerto La Cruz (454,312), and Cumaná (405,626).

By extension, The Guianas, while not bordering the Caribbean Sea directly, are commonly reckoned with this region, as well, on account of their close ties with Caribbean countries, e.g. through membership in the Association of Caribbean States, the Caribbean Community, North American CONCACAF, and even the West Indies Cricket Team.

Barcelona, Venezuela
Barcelona, originally called Nueva Barcelona, is the capital of Anzoátegui State in Venezuela. Together with Puerto La Cruz, Lechería and Guanta, Barcelona forms Barcelona-Puerto La Cruz with a population of approximately 950,000. It was founded in 1671.
Skořice
Skořice is a municipality and village in Rokycany District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.

Skořice lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) south-east of Rokycany, 26 km (16 mi) east of Plzeň, and 69 km (43 mi) south-west of Prague.

Rokycany
Rokycany (Czech pronunciation: [ˈrokɪtsanɪ]; German: Rokitzan) is a town in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 14,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Hunt-class mine countermeasures vessel
The Hunt class is a class of thirteen mine countermeasure vessels of the Royal Navy. As built, they combined the separate roles of the traditional minesweeper and that of the active minehunter in one hull, but later modifications saw the removal of mine-sweeping equipment. They have a secondary role as offshore patrol vessels.

Minehunter
A minehunter is a naval vessel that seeks, detects, and destroys individual naval mines. Minesweepers, on the other hand, clear mined areas as a whole, without prior detection of mines. A vessel that combines both of these roles is known as a mine countermeasures vessel (MCMV).
Invitational education
Invitational education (IE) is a theory of educational practice that emphasizes the importance of internal knowledge in relation to external connections to the outside world and educational system. A key feature is that a student's positive self-concept, leading to their productivity, be developed through the school environment.

Ideas related to IE were introduced by William Watson Purkey, with contributions from Betty Siegel, late President of Kennesaw State University, with professors John Michael Novak and Peter Wong, together Purkey's co-founders at the International Alliance for Invitational Education (IAIE). Purkey is professor emeritus of counselor education at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro and writes, generally, on the topic of school improvement. John Novak and Peter Wong, also faculty members,  were also primary contributors to the development of invitational theory and practice, authoring numerous articles and books on the subject.

Kennesaw State University
Kennesaw State University (KSU) is a public research university in the U.S. state of Georgia with two campuses in the Atlanta metropolitan area, one in the Kennesaw area and the other in Marietta on a combined 581 acres (235 ha) of land. The school was founded in 1963 by the Georgia Board of Regents using local bonds and a federal space-grant during a time of major Georgia economic expansion after World War II. KSU also holds classes at the Cobb Galleria Centre, Dalton State College, and in Paulding County (Dallas). The total enrollment exceeds 51,000 students making KSU the third-largest university by enrollment in Georgia.

KSU is part of the University System of Georgia and is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". Kennesaw State's athletic teams are an NCAA Division I member of the Conference USA.
Foix (river)
The Foix (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈfoʃ]) is a river in Catalonia in the province of Barcelona, northeastern Spain. Its source is near La Llacuna in the Comarca of Anoia 800 m above the sea. Later it runs through the Comarca of Alt Penedès, where it feeds the Foix Reservoir in the nature reserve of Parc del Foix since 1928, which is highly important for the drinking water supply of the densely populated coastal plain between Barcelona and Tarragona. Then it goes through the Comarca of Garraf from north to the south where it ends into the Mediterranean Sea west of the village of Cubelles. This little delta became an important natural reserve and recreational area after the campground ″Camping Paradiso″ was removed in the late 1990s.

For most of the year, the river is dried up because of the dam and because of hot-summer climatical reasons. That can suddenly change in the winter months when heavy rain comes down in the mountains.

Province of Barcelona
Barcelona (Catalan: [bəɾsəˈlonə] ⓘ; Spanish: [baɾθeˈlona]) is a province in northeastern Spain, in the center of the autonomous community of Catalonia. The province is bordered by the provinces of Tarragona, Lleida, and Girona, and by the Mediterranean Sea. The area of the province is 7,726.37 km2 (2,983.17 sq mi), and the population is 5,877,672, of which 28.7% is in the city of Barcelona itself, which itself is contained in the Barcelona metropolitan area. It is both the 2nd most populous and 2nd most densely populated province in the country.
Kanbe
Kanbe (written: 神戸 or かんべ in hiragana) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Akira Kanbe (かんべ あきら), Japanese manga artist

Mamoru Kanbe (神戸 守, born 1962), Japanese anime director

Masaru Kanbe (神戸 勝, born 1938), Japanese field hockey player

Miyuki Kanbe (神戸 みゆき, 1984–2008), Japanese actress, model and singer

Musashi Kanbe (かんべ むさし, born 1948), Japanese writer

Ranko Kanbe (神戸 蘭子, born 1982), Japanese fashion model, television personality and singer

Akira Kanbe
Akira Kanbe (かんべあきら, Kanbe Akira) is a Japanese manga artist from Hyōgo Prefecture, known for his work as the illustrator of Mobile Suit Gundam Wing: Episode Zero, specializes in the yaoi genre.

Leroy Dessaroux described Kanbe as being "unusually good at figure drawing", especially drawing people during sex acts. Active Anime's Rachel Bentham commends Hot Limit's art as "racy, sexy and hot", and has praised Kanbe's skill at drawing "subtle facial expressions".
Caeau Cnwch a Ty'n-y-graig
Caeau Cnwch a Ty'n-y-graig is a Site of Special Scientific Interest in Brecknock, Powys, Wales. It occupies sloping ground on the south west side of Pen-y-garreg Reservoir in the Elan Valley.

Caeau Cnwch a Ty'n-y-graig comprises four traditionally managed fields in a small valley below Craig Cnwch, near Elan Village.
They provide a type of herb-rich grassland that is characteristic of the upland fringe of central Wales.

Elan Valley
The Elan Valley (Welsh: Cwm Elan) is a river valley situated to the west of Rhayader, in Powys, Wales, sometimes known as the "Welsh Lake District". It covers 70 square miles (180 km2) of lake and countryside.

The valley contains the Elan Valley Reservoirs and Elan Village, designed by architect Herbert Tudor Buckland as part of the same scheme. Elan Village is the only purpose-built Arts and Crafts "Model Village" in Wales.

The area is known for its scenery, and over 80% of the valley is designated as Sites of Special Scientific Interest. A cycle trail, the Elan Valley Trail, makes a loop from Rhayader around the reservoirs. Part of the cycle trail overlaps with a spur of National Cycle Route 81 (Lon Cambria).

As of 2015 it is an International Dark Sky Park.
Loraine Rollins
Loraine Rollins was an American politician who served in the Wyoming House of Representatives from 1917 to 1921 and from 1927 to 1929 in the 14th, 15th, and 19th Wyoming Legislatures. He represented the counties of Uinta and Uinta-Lincoln as a Democrat.

Uinta County, Wyoming
Uinta County (/juːˈɪntə/ yoo-IN-tə) is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 20,450. Its county seat is Evanston. Its south and west boundary lines abut the Utah state line. Uinta County, together with Rich County, Utah, comprises the Evanston, WY-UT Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Remarkable cardinal
In mathematics, a remarkable cardinal is a certain kind of large cardinal number.

A cardinal κ is called remarkable if for all regular cardinals θ > κ, there exist π, M, λ, σ, N and ρ such that

π : M → Hθ is an elementary embedding

M is countable and transitive

π(λ) = κ

σ : M → N is an elementary embedding with critical point λ

N is countable and transitive

ρ = M ∩ Ord is a regular cardinal in N

σ(λ) > ρ

M = HρN, i.e., M ∈ N and N ⊨ "M is the set of all sets that are hereditarily smaller than ρ"

Equivalently,  is remarkable if and only if for every  there is  such that in some forcing extension , there is an elementary embedding  satisfying . Although the definition is similar to one of the definitions of supercompact cardinals, the elementary embedding here only has to exist in , not in .

Countable set
In mathematics, a set is countable if either it is finite or it can be made in one to one correspondence with the set of natural numbers. Equivalently, a set is countable if there exists an injective function from it into the natural numbers; this means that each element in the set may be associated to a unique natural number, or that the elements of the set can be counted one at a time, although the counting may never finish due to an infinite number of elements.

In more technical terms, assuming the axiom of countable choice, a set is countable if its cardinality (the number of elements of the set) is not greater than that of the natural numbers. A countable set that is not finite is said to be countably infinite.

The concept is attributed to Georg Cantor, who proved the existence of uncountable sets, that is, sets that are not countable; for example the set of the real numbers.
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson (film)
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson (Russian: Приключения Шерлока Холмса и доктора Ватсона) is a 1980 Soviet film adaptation of Arthur Conan Doyle's stories about Sherlock Holmes. It is the second film (episodes 3–5) in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson film series directed by Igor Maslennikov.

The film is based on three short stories by Conan Doyle: "The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton", "The Final Problem", and "The Adventure of the Empty House".

Oleg Dal
Oleg Ivanovich Dal (Russian: Олег Иванович Даль; 25 May 1941 – 3 March 1981) was a Soviet Russian stage and film actor.

He acted in films, from classics of drama to fairy tales and adventures. His most popular works included Zhenya, Zhenechka and Katyusha (1967), Chronicles of a Dive Bomber (1967), An Old, Old Tale (1970), King Lear (1971), On Thursday and Never Again (1977), September Vacation (1979). Dal played his last cinema role in Uninvited Friend by Leonid Maryagin in 1981.

He worked in the Sovremennik Theatre (1963–1971, 1973–1975) and in the Malaia Bronnaia Theatre (1975–1978).
Cayos Limones
The Cayos Limones or Lemon Keys are a group of Caribbean islands in the San Blas Archipelago in Guna Yala province of Panama. As part of the autonomous Guna Yala indigenous territory it is mainly populated by the Guna indigenous People. The islands in Cayos Limones are sparsely populated. The most notable of the islands are Isla de Perro and Chichimen, both are situated near substantial reefs making them ideal for snorkeling, as they contain several sunken ships. The economy is mainly based on tourism, fishing and coconut harvesting. The Keys are connected to the other islands of the archipelago and to the mainland by taxi-boat, normally through the other islands of El Porvenir or Carti Sugtupu.

Gaigirgordub, Guna Yala
Gaigirgordub, called El Porvenir (Spanish pronunciation: [el poɾ.βeˈniɾ]) until July 1, 2016, is the capital of the Panamanian comarca indígena (indigenous territory) of Guna Yala. The settlement is located on a small island and contains a landing strip, a museum (the Museo de la Nación Guna, or Museum of the Guna Nation), a hotel, government offices, and an artisans' cooperative. There is also a small beach.
Infinite Health
Infinite Health is the sixth studio album by American musician Scott Hansen under the pseudonym Tycho. It was released on August 30, 2024, through Mom + Pop and Ninja Tune. It received generally favorable reviews from critics.

Ninja Tune
Ninja Tune is an independent record label based in London, with a satellite office in Los Angeles. It was founded in 1990 by musicians Matt Black and Jonathan More, known collectively as Coldcut. The label was established as an outlet for Coldcut to explore a style distinct from that of the mainstream music industry.
Chandrasekharan
Chandrasekharan is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

E. Chandrasekharan (born 1948), Indian politician

Guru Chandrasekharan (1916–1998), Indian dancer and choreographer

K. S. Chandrasekharan (1920–2017), Indian number theorist

Kottakkal Chandrasekharan, Indian dancer

M. R. Chandrasekharan (1929–2024), Indian literary critic and author

Salem Chandrasekharan, Indian film producer

T. P. Chandrasekharan (1960–2012), Indian politician

Guru Chandrasekharan
Guru Chandrasekharan (1916–1998) was an Indian classical dancer, choreographer and instructor of Kathakali. He was born in Trivandrum, India in 1916. His father was N.K. Nair, an artist and notable oil painter. Guru Chandrasekharan held tenure at the Visva Bharati University (Santiniketan) from 1947 to 1950, where he was a Professor of Classical Dance, focusing on Kathakali.