hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of rail transport in Great Britain 1830–1922
The history of rail transport in Great Britain 1830–1922 covers the period between the opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway (L&MR), and the Grouping, the amalgamation of almost all of Britain's many railway companies into the Big Four by the Railways Act 1921.

London and Birmingham Railway
The London and Birmingham Railway (L&BR) was a railway company in the United Kingdom, in operation from 1833 to 1846, when it became part of the London and North Western Railway (L&NWR).

The 112-mile (180 km) railway line which the company opened in 1838, between London and Birmingham, was the first intercity line to be built into London. It is now the southern section of the West Coast Main Line.

The line was engineered by Robert Stephenson. It started at Euston Station in London, went north-west to Rugby, where it turned west to Coventry and on to Birmingham. It terminated at Curzon Street Station, which it shared with the Grand Junction Railway (GJR), whose adjacent platforms gave an interchange with full connectivity (with through carriages) between Liverpool, Manchester and London.
Communauté de communes des Vals de Cher et d'Arnon
The communauté de communes des Vals de Cher et d’Arnon was located in the Cher département of the Centre-Val de Loire  region of France. It was created in January 2000. It was merged into the new Communauté de communes Cœur de Berry in January 2017.

It comprised the following 12 communes:

Brinay

Cerbois

Chéry

Lazenay

Limeux

Lury-sur-Arnon

Massay

Méreau

Poisieux

Preuilly

Quincy

Sainte-Thorette

Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire (/ˌvæl də ˈlwɑːr, ˌvɑːl-/; French pronunciation: [sɑ̃tʁ(ə) val də lwaʁ], lit. 'Centre-Loire Valley'), or simply Centre as it was known until 2015, is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France. It straddles the middle Loire Valley in the interior of the country, encompassing six departments (Cher, Eure-et-Loir, Indre, Indre-et-Loire, Loir-et-Cher and Loiret), with a population of 2,572,853 as of 2018. Its prefecture is Orléans, and its largest city is Tours.
William V. B. Van Dyck
William Van Bergen Van Dyck (September 8, 1875 – March 13, 1981) was an American college football player and coach, electrical engineer, and businessman.  He played college football at Rutgers College in 1893 and 1894 and served as the first full-time head coach of the Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team during the 1898 and 1899 seasons.  He was associated with the International General Electric Company from 1900 until his retirement in 1945.  He founded the General Electric subsidiary in Brazil and participated in the lighting of the Strait of Magellan in 1906.

Rutgers Scarlet Knights football
The Rutgers Scarlet Knights football program represents Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Rutgers competes as a member of the Big Ten Conference. Prior to joining the Big Ten, the Scarlet Knights were a member of the American Athletic Conference (formerly the Big East Conference) from 1991 to 2013. Rutgers plays its home games at SHI Stadium, in Piscataway, New Jersey. The team is currently led by head coach Greg Schiano. The Scarlet Knights football team is also notable for playing in the first college football game in 1869, in which the Scarlet Knights won by the score 6–4.
Ishiyama Station
Ishiyama Station (石山駅, Ishiyama-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Ōtsu, Shiga Prefecture, Japan, operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West). It is also a freight deport for the Japan Freight Railway Company (JR Freight). The station is located adjacent to the Keihan Electric Railway Keihan-ishiyama Station with which it is connected by a concourse.

Japan Freight Railway Company
Japan Freight Railway Company (日本貨物鉄道株式会社, Nippon Kamotsu Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha), or JR Freight (JR貨物, Jeiāru Kamotsu), is one of the seven constituent companies of Japan Railways Group (JR Group). It provides transportation of cargo nationwide throughout Japan. Its headquarters are in Shibuya, Tokyo near Shinjuku Station.

The Japan Railways Group was founded on 1 April 1987, when Japanese National Railways (JNR) was privatized. Japanese National Railways was divided into six regional passenger rail companies and a single freight railway company, Japan Freight Railway Company.

The company has only about 50 kilometers (31 mi) of track of its own, and therefore operates on track owned by the six JR passenger railways as well as other companies which provide rail transport in Japan.
Occidentalia
Occidentalia is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. and Carl Heinrich in 1927. It contains only one species, Occidentalia comptulatalis, described by George Duryea Hulst in 1886. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Alberta, Indiana, Maine, Manitoba, Minnesota, New York, Ontario, Quebec and Saskatchewan.

The wingspan is 23–26 mm. Adults are on wing from mid-July to August in one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Scirpus acutus, Scirpus americanus and Scirpus validus.

Harrison Gray Dyar Jr.
Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. (February 14, 1866 – January 21, 1929) was an American entomologist. Dyar's Law, a pattern of geometric progression in the growth of insect parts, is named after him. He was also noted for eccentric pursuits which included digging tunnels under his home. He had a complicated personal life and along with his second wife he adopted the Baháʼí Faith.
Erik Selin
Erik Selin (born 1967) is a Swedish billionaire property developer, and the CEO and controlling owner of Fastighets AB Balder.

Selin is the chairman of Collector Credit AB, SATO Oyj, and Collector AB. Selin is divorced and lives in Gothenburg, Sweden.

Billionaire
A billionaire is a person whose net worth is at least one billion units of a given currency, typically USD. It is a sub-category of the concept of the ultra high-net-worth individual. The American business magazine Forbes produces a global list of known U.S. dollar billionaires every year and updates an internet version of this list in real time. The American oil magnate John D. Rockefeller became the world's first confirmed billionaire in 1916.

Nineteen individuals had attained the status of centibillionaires, each with a net worth of at least $100 billion, as of January 2026. As of March 2025, there are 3028 billionaires worldwide, with a combined wealth of over $16.1 trillion, up nearly $2 trillion over 2024.
Ozicrypta wallacei
Ozicrypta wallacei is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Barychelidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1994 by Australian arachnologists Robert Raven and Tracey Churchill. The specific epithet wallacei honours Doug William Wallace, an expert on the spiders of the Rockhampton area and contributor to the collections of the Queensland Museum.

Arachnology
Arachnology (from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study") is the scientific study of arachnids, which comprise spiders and related invertebrates such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, ticks, and mites. Those who study spiders and other arachnids are arachnologists. More narrowly, the study of spiders alone (order Araneae) is known as araneology.

The word "arachnology" from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study". The Ancient Greek word for "spider" itself refers to Arachne, the female protagonist of an ancient tale of the Greek Mythology.
2026 Maldivian constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum is scheduled to be held in the Maldives on 4 April 2026, the same day as the local elections. The referendum asks voters whether they support shortening the current parliamentary term and amending the Constitution so that presidential and parliamentary elections are held on the same day in 2028. This referendum follows a Presidential decree and the newly enacted Public Referendum Act (Law No. 15/2025)

Presidential elections in the Maldives
The election of the president and the vice president of the Maldives is presidential elections that determine who will serve as the President of the Maldives for the next 5 years (previously four terms in 1968).

The presidential elections has taken place thirteen times; 1952, 1968, 1973, 1978, 1983, 1988, 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008, 2013, 2018, 2023. Out of the 13 elections, the 2008 election was the first democratic elections of the country and after 2008, all elections were democratic. The next presidential election is scheduled for 2028.
Vladimir Gelman
Vladimir Yakovlevich Gelman (Russian: Владимир Яковлевич Гельман; born October 6, 1965) is a Russian political scientist and writer. Candidate of political science, professor at the European University at Saint Petersburg. He was an activist of the Russian democratic movement in Leningrad (now Saint-Petersburg) (1989-1996), a member of the Central Election Commission with an advisory vote from the Yabloko movement (1995).

Since 2012 — Finland Distinguished Professor at the University of Helsinki, head of the research direction "Authoritarian market society as a challenge" at the Centre for Russian Studies at the Aleksanteri Institute of the University of Helsinki. As a visiting lecturer, he lectured at the Central European University, the University of Texas at Austin, the Russian School of Economics, Pennsylvania State University.

Aleksanteri Institute
The Aleksanteri Institute (Finnish: Aleksanteri-instituutti) is the Finnish Centre for Russian, Eastern European and Eurasian Studies in the Faculty of Arts of the University of Helsinki. It functions as a national centre of research, study and expertise pertaining to Russia, Eastern Europe and Eurasia, particularly in the social sciences and humanities. The Institute actively promotes cooperation and interaction between the academic world, public administration, business life and civil society, both in Finland and abroad.

The Aleksanteri Institute was founded in 1996 and currently employs more than 50 scholars and administrative staff. The director of the institute is Dr. Anna-Liisa Heusala.
Hiroko Ishikawa
Hiroko Ishikawa (石川 弘子, Ishikawa Hiroko, born Hiroko Kitazume (北爪 弘子, Kitazume Hiroko) on 8 September 1971) is a retired Japanese judoka.

Ishikawa was born in Akabori, Gunma and began judo at the age of 12. She entered The Asahi Bank, Ltd after graduating from Saitama University in 1994.  She excelled at Seoi nage and Ippon seoi nage.

She won the medals in the Asian Championships in 1988 and 1991. In 1997, Ishikawa participated in the World Championships held in Paris but was defeated by Séverine Vandenhende in the second round and Jung Sung-Sook in the consolation round. She retired after the Championships.

Ishikawa had coached judo at the Shukutoku Junior Highschool from 1996 to 2005. As of 2010, she don't have a relation with judo and lives in Ichihara, Chiba with her family.

Ippon seoi nage
The ippon seoi nage (一本背負い投げ; lit. 'one arm over the back throw') is a throw in judo. It is a variant of Seoi nage, and is one of the nineteen accepted techniques in Shinmeisho No Waza of Kodokan Judo.  It is classified as a hand throwing technique, or te-waza.  Ippon seoi nage literally means "one arm over the back throw", but has also been translated as a "one arm shoulder throw", as the opponent or uke is thrown over the thrower or tori's shoulder.
Electoral district of Menzies
Menzies was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1901 to 1930.

The district was located in the north of the Eastern Goldfields. On its creation in 1900, it included the towns of Menzies, Goongarrie, Niagara, Yerilla, Tampa, Mount Ida, Mulline, and Callion. When the district was abolished at the 1930 state election, sitting member Alexander Panton transferred to the Perth based seat of Leederville.

Tampa, Western Australia
Tampa is an abandoned town located in the Goldfields-Esperance region in Western Australia. It is found between Kookynie and Leonora.

In the late 1890s gold was discovered in the area and by 1896 the government succumbed to demands to survey lots for a townsite. The townsite was gazetted in 1897.

It is thought that the town is named after Tampa in the United States; likewise the neighbouring town of Niagara is thought to be named after its American namesake.
Howard Armstrong (musician)
Howard "Louie Bluie" Armstrong (March 4, 1909 – July 30, 2003) was an American string band and country blues musician, who played fiddle, mandolin, and guitar and sang. He was also a notable visual artist and raconteur.

Country blues
Country blues (also folk blues, rural blues, backwoods blues, or downhome blues) is one of the earliest forms of blues music, but also refers to a blend of country music and blues. The mainly solo vocal with acoustic fingerstyle guitar accompaniment developed in the rural Southern United States in the early 20th century.  It stands in contrast primarily to the urban blues style, especially in the pre-war era.
Marcinkiewicz
Marcinkiewicz is a Polish family name of patronymic origin, meaning "son of Marcin (Martin)". People named Marcinkiewicz include:

Iwona Marcinkiewicz (born 1975), Polish archer

Józef Marcinkiewicz (1910–1940), Polish mathematician, author of the Marcinkiewicz theorem

Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz (born 1959), former prime minister of Poland

Maxim Martsinkevich (1984–2020), Russian neo-Nazi activist

Mike Marcinkiewicz (born 1966), Canadian professional ice hockey player

Wincenty Dunin-Marcinkiewicz, or Vintsent Dunin-Martsinkyevich (1808–1884), Belarusian–Polish writer and social activist

Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz
Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz (Polish pronunciation: [kaˈʑimjɛʂ mart͡ɕiŋˈkʲɛvit͡ʂ] ⓘ; born 20 December 1959) is a Polish conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of Poland from 31 October 2005 to 14 July 2006. He was a member of the Law and Justice party (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, PiS).
Best on Earth
"Best on Earth" (stylized in all caps) is a song by American rapper Russ featuring rapper Bia. It was released as the fourth single from Russ's fourteenth studio album Shake the Snow Globe (2020) on October 17, 2019. The song was produced by Boi-1da and Jahaan Sweet, and samples "Some Cut" The Lil Jon produced single by American hip hop group Trillville.

Trillville
Trillville is an American hip hop group formed in 1997. Its founding members are Donnell Don P Prince, Dirty Mouth (born Jamal Glaze), and LA (formerly Lil LA and Lil Atlanta; born Lawrence Edwards). Dirty Mouth left the group in 2007 to pursue a solo career and returned in 2011.
Melampagos
Melampagos (Ancient Greek: Μελανπάγος) was a town of ancient Aeolis. It is evidenced by epigraphic evidence dated to the 5th century BCE on decrees establishing boundaries between Melampagos and Heraclea.

Its site is located near Gökkaya, Asiatic Turkey.

Aeolis
Aeolis (/ˈiːəlɪs/; Ancient Greek: Αἰολίς, romanized: Aiolís), or Aeolia (/iːˈoʊliə/; Ancient Greek: Αἰολία, romanized: Aiolía), was an area that comprised the west and northwestern region of Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey), mostly along the coast, and also several offshore islands (particularly Lesbos), where the Aeolian Greek city-states were located. Aeolis incorporated the southern parts of Mysia, and is bounded by it to the north, Ionia to the south, and Lydia to the east.
1994 Patriot League men's basketball tournament
The 1994 Patriot League men's basketball tournament was played at Alumni Hall in Annapolis, Maryland after the conclusion of the 1993–94 regular season. Top seed Navy defeated #3 seed Colgate, 78–76 in the championship game, to win its first Patriot League Tournament title. The Midshipmen earned an automatic bid to the 1994 NCAA tournament as #16 seed in the West region.

Colgate Raiders men's basketball
The Colgate Raiders men's basketball team represents Colgate University in Hamilton, New York in NCAA Division I competition. The school's team competes in the Patriot League and play their home games in Cotterell Court. The Raiders have appeared in seven NCAA tournaments, most recently in 2024.
Tipalt Burn
Tipalt Burn is a burn which lies to the east of Greenhead, Northumberland. The burn passes several historical sites such as Thirlwall Castle and discharges into the River South Tyne near the village of Haltwhistle. The burn is about 10 miles (16 km) in length and is located close to the north end of the Pennine Way.

Pennine Way
The Pennine Way is a National Trail in England, with a small section in Scotland. The trail stretches for 268 miles (431 km) from Edale, in the northern Derbyshire Peak District, north through the Yorkshire Dales and Northumberland National Park and ends at Kirk Yetholm, just inside the Scottish border. The path runs along the Pennine hills, sometimes described as the "backbone of England". Although not the United Kingdom's longest National Trail, it is, according to The Ramblers, "one of Britain's best known and toughest".
Cross Team Legendre
Cross Team Legendre is a French professional cyclo-cross team established in 2015. The team was founded by Steve Chainel and Lucie Chainel-Lefèvre before the start of the 2015–2016 cyclo-cross season, and gained UCI Cyclo-cross Pro Team status in 2017.

Lucie Chainel-Lefèvre
Lucie Chainel-Lefèvre (born 2 July 1983) is a French cyclo-cross racing cyclist. She won the bronze medal at the 2013 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships in Louisville, United States. She was married to racing cyclist Steve Chainel but they separated in 2017.
Laura Cortese
Laura Cortese is an American singer, songwriter, and fiddler. She was born in San Francisco and attended Berklee College of Music in Boston. Cortese lives in Ghent, Belgium with her partner, Belgian accordionist, Bert Ruymbeek and their two children.

Cortese regularly performs solo, but usually with her band Laura Cortese and the Dance Cards (with Valerie Thompson, Sumaia Jackson, Zoe Guigueno, Jenna Moynihan, D. James Goodwin, Sam Kassirer and Jeni Magaña) with which she released two albums, the first of which was California Calling which debuted in 2017. She has also performed with Tao Rodríguez-Seeger in the Anarchist Orchestra, and with Hanneke Cassel and Lissa Schneckenburger in Halali. In the past she has played with acts including Uncle Earl, Band of Horses and Pete Seeger. She is also a co-founder of the Boston Celtic Music Festival.

Band of Horses
Band of Horses is an American rock band formed in 2004 in Seattle, Washington. Led by singer-songwriter Ben Bridwell, who has been the band's sole constant member throughout numerous line-up changes, the band's current line-up also includes longtime members Creighton Barrett (drums) and Ryan Monroe (keyboards, guitar, backing vocals), alongside Matt Gentling (bass, backing vocals) and Brett Nash (guitar, backing vocals).

For ten years, the band's most stable line-up featured guitarist Tyler Ramsey and bassist Bill Reynolds, who recorded and performed with the band between 2007 and 2017, before acrimoniously departing.

To date, the band has released six studio albums: Everything All the Time (2006), Cease to Begin (2007), Infinite Arms (2010), Mirage Rock (2012),  Why Are You OK (2016) and Things Are Great (2022), with Infinite Arms being nominated for a Grammy Award in 2011.
The Mighty Peking Man
The Mighty Peking Man (Chinese: 王猩猩) is a 1977 Hong Kong monster film directed by Ho Meng-hua and starring Danny Lee, Evelyne Kraft and Ku Feng. It was produced by Shaw Brothers Studio to capitalize on the craze surrounding the 1976 remake of King Kong.

It was released in Hong Kong on August 11, 1977.

Monster movie
A monster movie, monster film, or creature feature is a film that focuses on one or more characters struggling to survive attacks by one or more antagonistic monsters. Such may be man-sized, like the Creature from the Black Lagoon, or abnormally large ones, like King Kong or Godzilla. The film may also fall under the horror, comedy, fantasy, or science fiction genres. Monster movies originated with adaptations of horror folklore and literature.
Upton County, Texas
Upton County is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 3,308. Its county seat is Rankin. The county was created in 1887 and later organized in 1910. It is named for two brothers: John C. and William F. Upton, both colonels in the Confederate Army.

Edwards Plateau
The Edwards Plateau is a geographic region forming the crossroads of Central, South and West Texas, United States. It is named in honor of Haden Edwards. It is bounded by the Balcones Fault to the south and east; the Llano Uplift and the Llano Estacado to the north; and the Pecos River and Chihuahuan Desert to the west. San Angelo, Austin, San Antonio and Del Rio roughly outline the area. The plateau, especially its southeast portion, is also known as the Texas Hill Country.
Chris Dorland
Chris Dorland (born 1978, Montreal) is a Canadian/American contemporary artist based in New York City. His paintings and digital screen-based works collapse hyper-representation and hyper-abstraction by manipulating together digital files and software and paint. His work is included in numerous public and private collections, including the Bronx Museum, the Whitney Museum of Art and the Neuberger Museum of Art.

Digital painting
Digital painting is either a physical painting made with the use of digital electronics and spray paint robotics within the digital art fine art context or pictorial art imagery made with pixels on a computer screen that mimics artworks from the traditional histories of painting and illustration.
Chicago P.D. season 5
The fifth season of Chicago P.D., an American police drama television series by executive producer Dick Wolf, premiered on September 27, 2017, and concluded on May 9, 2018. It contained 22 episodes, including the series' 100th. It is the final season featuring Elias Koteas as Alvin Olinsky.

Dick Wolf
Richard Anthony Wolf (born December 20, 1946) is an American television producer, best known for his Law & Order franchise. Since 1990, the franchise has included six police/courtroom dramas and four international spinoffs. He is also co-creator and executive producer of the Chicago franchise, which since 2012, has included four Chicago-based dramas and the co-creator and executive producer of FBI, which since 2018, has also become a franchise after spinning off two additional series.

Wolf has also written four books. The first, the non-fiction volume Law & Order: Crime Scenes, is a companion to the Law & Order television series. The Intercept, The Execution, and The Ultimatum are works of fiction in a thriller series featuring an NYPD detective named Jeremy Fisk.

Wolf has won numerous awards, including an Emmy Award, being inducted into the Television Academy Hall of Fame and receiving a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
John Kastner
Jean-Guy "John" Kastner (born 12 August 1969) is a Canadian musician and composer born in Beaconsfield, Quebec. He was the singer for Montreal hardcore punk band the Asexuals as well as singer-guitarist for Montreal alternative band Doughboys and alternative band All Systems Go!. He is also the manager and former rhythm guitarist for the band Men Without Hats.

Bad Taste Records
Bad Taste Records is a record label based in Lund, Sweden.

The record label was one of the first labels to establish in the Swedish punk rock and punk/hardcore scene in the early 1990s, together with Burning Heart Records. The name of the label originated from the movie Bad Taste by Peter Jackson.

The first release was put out in 1994, the EP Skate to Hell by Satanic Surfers. For a couple of years, they worked together with the record shop Love Your Records.

Today, the label has somewhat diversified, drifting from their original exclusive punk/hardcore orientation towards a more rock/emo/rap orientation.