hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Central Illinois
Central Illinois is a region of the U.S. state of Illinois that consists of the entire central third of the state, divided from north to south. Also known as the Heart of Illinois, it is characterized by small towns and mid-sized cities. Agriculture, particularly corn and soybeans, as well as educational institutions and manufacturing centers, figure prominently.

A total of 45 counties are typically considered to be within Central Illinois, with a population of 1,874,635 as of the 2020 U.S. census. Major cities include Peoria, Springfield (the state capital), Decatur, Quincy, Champaign–Urbana, Bloomington–Normal, Galesburg, and Danville.

Urbana, Illinois
Urbana (/ɜːrˈbænə/ ur-BAN-ə) is a city in Champaign County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. As of the 2020 census, Urbana had a population of 38,336. It is a principal city of the Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area, which had 236,000 residents in 2020. Urbana is notable for sharing the main campus of the University of Illinois with its twin city of Champaign.
Punjab State Archives
The Punjab State Archives is a state government archive located in Patiala, Punjab, India. It was formerly housed in the Rajindra Kothi at the Baradari Gardens in Patiala but is now housed on the opposite side of the Central Library, near Patiala Court Mall Road. There is also a location of the Punjab State Archives at Puralekh Bhavan, Plot No.3, Sector-38, Chandigarh, India. It is the largest repository of archival material in North India. Its origins can be traced to Maharaja Yadvinder Singh of Patiala.

Patiala
Patiala (Punjabi pronunciation: [pʌʈeɑ̈ːɭɑ]) is a city in southeastern Punjab, northwestern India. It is the fourth largest city in the state and is the administrative capital of Patiala district. Patiala is located around the Qila Mubarak (the 'Blessed Castle') constructed by a chieftain Ala Singh, who founded the royal dynasty of Patiala State in 1763, and after whom the city is named.

In popular culture, the city remains famous for its traditional Patiala shahi turban (a type of headgear), paranda (a tasselled tag for braiding hair), Patiala salwar (a type of female trousers), jutti (a type of footwear) and Patiala peg (a measure of liquor). Patiala is also known as the Royal City and the Beautiful City.
Sabine R. Huebner
Sabine Renate Hübner (born 1976) is professor of Ancient History and head of department at the University of Basel in Switzerland. She is an expert on the religious and social history of antiquity, particularly of Greco-Roman Egypt.

History of Egypt
Egypt, one of the world's oldest civilizations, was unified around 3150 BC by King Narmer. It later came under Persian, Greek, Roman, and Islamic rule before joining the Ottoman Empire in 1517. Controlled by Britain in the late 19th century, it became a republic in 1953. After several political transitions, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi currently leads the country.
Hansjörg Lips
Hansjörg Lips (born 10 April 1963) is a former Swiss curler.

He played  skip on the Swiss rink that won a silver medal at the 1988 Winter Olympics when curling was a demonstration sport. He is also a silver medallist at the 1994 European Curling Championships.

Skip (curling)
In the sport of curling, the skip is the captain of a team. The skip determines strategy, and holds the broom in the house (target area) to indicate where a teammate at the other end of the curling sheet (playing area) should aim the stone. The skip usually throws the last two stones in the fourth position, but may play in any other position.

Sometimes "skipper" is used; it can also be abbreviated as "S". It's also used as a verb ("skips", "skipped", "skipping").

It is conventional to identify a team by the name of the skip.
South Somerset
South Somerset was a local government district in Somerset, England, from 1974 to 2023. The district covered an area of 370 square miles (958 km2) ranging from the borders with Devon, Wiltshire and Dorset to the edge of the Somerset Levels. It had a population of approximately 158,000. The administrative centre of the district was Yeovil.

On 1 April 2023, the district was abolished and replaced by Somerset Council, a unitary district for the area previously served by Somerset County Council.

Heart of Wessex Line
The Heart of Wessex Line, also known as the Bristol to Weymouth Line, is a railway line that runs from Bristol Temple Meads to Westbury and Weymouth in England. It shares the Wessex Main Line as far as Westbury and then follows the course of the Reading to Taunton Line as far as Castle Cary.
Appeal to nature
An appeal to nature is a rhetorical technique for presenting and proposing the argument that "a thing is good because it is 'natural', or bad because it is 'unnatural' or 'synthetic'." In debate and discussion, an appeal-to-nature argument can be considered to be a bad argument, because the implicit primary premise "What is natural is good" has no factual meaning beyond rhetoric in some or most contexts.

Fact–value distinction
The fact–value distinction is a fundamental epistemological distinction between:

Statements of fact (positive or descriptive statements), which are based upon reason and observation, and examined via the empirical method.

Statements of value (normative or prescriptive statements), such as good and bad, beauty and ugliness, encompass ethics and aesthetics, and are studied via axiology.

This barrier between fact and value, as construed in epistemology, implies it is impossible to derive ethical claims from factual arguments, or to defend the former using the latter.

The fact–value distinction is closely related to, and derived from, the is–ought problem in moral philosophy, characterized by David Hume. The terms are often used interchangeably, though philosophical discourse concerning the is–ought problem does not usually encompass aesthetics.
Henry Crosby
Henry Burgess Crosby (9 March 1870 – 24 June 1949) was an Australian politician who represented the South Australian House of Assembly multi-member seat of Barossa from 1917 to 1924, 1924 to 1930 and 1933 to 1938 for the Liberal Union, Liberal Federation and Liberal and Country League.

Crosby failed to be re-elected at the 1924 election held on 5 April. He returned to parliament later in the year as the result of the by-election held on 22 November following the death of William Hague.

Liberal Federation
The Liberal Federation was a South Australian political party from 16 October 1923 to 1932. It came into existence as a merger between the rival Liberal Union and National Party, to oppose Labor.

Encouraged by the overwhelming success of the Emergency Committee of South Australia at the 1931 federal election, the Liberal Federation merged with the Country Party to form the South Australian Liberal and Country League in 1932, again with overwhelming success at the 1933 state election.
Genesee Community College
Genesee Community College (GCC) is a public community college with its main campus in Batavia, New York. It has campus centers in Medina, Warsaw, Dansville, and Arcade, New York. The college serves areas not only inside of Genesee County but also in Livingston County, Orleans County, and Wyoming County, or the GLOW region. This two-year college also offers housing facilities to out-of-area students, although the school is attended primarily by commuters. Additionally, GCC offers some degree and certificate programs online.

Warsaw, New York
Warsaw is a town in Wyoming County, in the U.S. state of New York. The population was 5,316 at the 2020 census. It is located approximately 37 miles east southeast of Buffalo and approximately 37 miles southwest of Rochester. The town may have been named after Warsaw, Poland.

The Town of Warsaw is centrally located in the county and contains a village, also called Warsaw. The village is the county seat of Wyoming County.
Outline of telecommunication
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to telecommunication:

Telecommunication – the transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. In modern times, this process almost always involves the use of electromagnetic waves by transmitters and receivers, but in earlier years it also involved the use of drums and visual signals such as smoke, fire, beacons, semaphore lines and other optical communications.

Beacon
A beacon is an intentionally conspicuous device designed to attract attention to a specific location. A common example is the lighthouse, which draws attention to a fixed point that can be used to navigate around obstacles or into port. More modern examples include a variety of radio beacons that can be read on radio direction finders in all weather, and radar transponders that appear on radar displays.

Beacons can also be combined with semaphoric or other indicators to provide important information, such as the status of an airport, by the colour and rotational pattern of its airport beacon, or of pending weather as indicated on a weather beacon mounted at the top of a tall building or similar site. When used in such fashion, beacons can be considered a form of optical telegraphy.
Thomas C. Salamone
Thomas C. Salamone (March 28, 1927 – April 15, 2014) was an American politician and businessman.

Born in Waterbury, Connecticut, Salamone served in the United States Navy during World War II and went to Post University. He owned Salamone Insurance Agency. Salamone served in the Connecticut House of Representatives, from Wolcott, Connecticut, as a Democrat, from 1963 until 1971.

Post University
Post University is a private for-profit university in Waterbury, Connecticut. It was founded in 1890 as Post College. The university offers over 25 undergraduate and graduate programs in day, evening, and online courses.
Casey Point
Casey Point (73°27′14″S 68°21′16″W﻿ / ﻿73.45389°S 68.35444°W﻿ / -73.45389; -68.35444) is a narrow rock spur separating Sheraton Glacier and Arriens Glacier in the Mawson Escarpment, Antarctica. It was plotted from ANARE aerial photographs taken in 1956, 1960 and 1973, and named by the Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee after J. N. Casey, (then) Assistant Director (Geology) of the Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Australian Department of Minerals and Energy, Canberra.

Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee
The Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee (AANMC) was established to advise the Government on names for features in the Australian Antarctic Territory and the subantarctic territory of Heard Island and the McDonald Islands. The committee also issues nominations Governor General for the award of the Australian Antarctic Medal.

Committee members were appointed by the Minister or Parliamentary Secretary responsible for Antarctic matters. The committee was founded in 1952 as the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia,  and changed to the current name in 1982 to reflect the multiple functions that the committee is responsible for. The committee was replaced by the Australian Antarctic Division Place names Committee in 2015.
Kenny Clements
Kenneth Henry Clements (born 9 April 1955 in Middleton, Lancashire) is an English former footballer who played as a defender in the Football League for Manchester City, in two spells, between 1971 and 1979 and between 1985 and 1988, Oldham Athletic, Bury and Shrewsbury Town, and was briefly player-manager of League of Ireland club Limerick. He made 282 appearances for Manchester City in all competitions, scoring twice. He was an unused substitute when Manchester City won the 1976 Football League Cup Final.

Before beginning his playing career with Manchester City, Clements was an assistant groundsman at Maine Road.
After retiring from football, Clements opened a driving school in the Oldham area, and resumed his interest in painting. He now works as a chauffeur for Manchester property tycoon Aneel Mussarat at MCR Property Ltd in Rusholme, Manchester, UK.

1976 Football League Cup final
The 1976 Football League Cup final took place between Manchester City and Newcastle United on 28 February 1976 at Wembley Stadium. It was the sixteenth final and the tenth Football League Cup final to be played at Wembley. Manchester City won the match 2–1 to win the competition for the second time. The match is best known for its winning goal, an overhead kick by Dennis Tueart.
Scouting in Kentucky
Scouting in Kentucky has a long history, from the 1910s to the present day, serving thousands of youth in programs that suit the environment in which they live. Kentucky has a very early Scouting heritage, as the home state of Daniel Carter (Uncle Dan) Beard.

Paducah, Kentucky
Paducah (/pəˈduːkə/ ⓘ pə-DOO-kə) is a home rule-class city in the Upland South, and the county seat of McCracken County, Kentucky, United States. The most populous city in the Jackson Purchase region, it is located in the Southeastern United States at the confluence of the Tennessee and the Ohio rivers, halfway between St. Louis, Missouri, to the northwest and Nashville, Tennessee, to the southeast. As of the 2020 census, the population was 27,137, up from 25,024 in 2010. Twenty blocks of the city's downtown have been designated as a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Paducah is the principal city of the Paducah metropolitan area, which includes McCracken, Ballard, Carlisle and Livingston counties in Kentucky and Massac County in Illinois.  The total population of the metro area was 103,481 in 2020.  The Paducah–Mayfield combined statistical area had a total population of 140,138.
Colin Beard
Colin Harry Beard (12 December 1941 – 20 August 2019) was an Australian rules football player and coach. He played for South Fremantle in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) between 1959 and 1972 and for the Richmond Football Club in the VFL between 1969 and 1971.

After winning South Fremantle's best and fairest award in 1966 and representing Western Australia in two interstate games in 1967, he was recruited by Richmond in 1968 to replace their retiring full back Fred Swift. However, the WAFL refused to clear him, and Beard had to sit out of football for a year and was unable to play for Richmond until the 1969 VFL season. He played in nine wins from his first ten games including winning the 1969 VFL Grand Final.

He returned to South Fremantle after his three seasons at Richmond but only played 6 games in the 1972 WANFL season before retiring. He became the coach of the Bulldogs' senior team from 1974 to 1976. He was inducted into South Fremantle's Hall of Fame in 2015.

1969 VFL grand final
The 1969 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Carlton Football Club and Richmond Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 27 September 1969. It was the 72nd annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1969 VFL season. The match, attended by 119,165 spectators, was won by Richmond by a margin of 25 points, marking that club's seventh VFL/AFL premiership victory.

Richmond had only qualified for the finals on percentage and were underdogs coming into the game, with Carlton being the reigning premiers.

The game's attendance of 119,165 represented the most spectators to have witnessed a premiership decider in VFL Grand Final history, breaking the record of 116,828 spectators who witnessed the 1968 VFL Grand Final. The record was subsequently broken again in the 1970 VFL Grand Final.
Scherenburg Castle
Scherenburg Castle (German: Burgruine Scherenburg or Schloss Scherenberg) is a ruined hill castle (hillside castle) at an elevation of 200 m above sea level (NN) which stands on a hillside above the town of Gemünden am Main in the province of Lower Franconia in the German state of Bavaria.

Normalnull
Normalnull ("standard zero") or Normal-Null (short N. N. or NN) is an outdated official vertical datum used in Germany. Elevations using this reference system were to be marked Meter über Normal-Null (“meters above standard zero”). Normalnull has been replaced by Normalhöhennull (NHN).
Ohio State Route 757
State Route 757 (SR 757) is a north–south state highway located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Ohio.  The highway runs from its southern terminus at SR 13 in Somerset to its northern terminus at a T-intersection with SR 204 in Glenford.

Somerset, Ohio
Somerset is a village in Perry County, Ohio, United States. The population as of the 2020 census was 1,481. It is located 9.5 miles north of the county seat New Lexington and has a dedicated historical district. Saint Joseph Church, the oldest Catholic church in Ohio, is located just outside Somerset on State Route 383.
Camp Roosevelt
Camp Roosevelt may be:

Camp Roosevelt, part of the Katahdin Scout Reservation

Camp Theodore Roosevelt/R-C Scout Ranch - Arizona

Roosevelt Scout Reservation - Salem County, New Jersey

NF-1, Camp Roosevelt - (Camp Roosevelt Recreation Area), George Washington National Forest

Camp Roosevelt,  Irondale Scout Reservation

Camp Roosevelt,  Gettysburg Battlefield camps after the American Civil War

Camp Roosevelt, Stalag VI-A, Hemer

Camp Roosevelt (Chesapeake)

Camp Roosevelt, Culebra, Puerto Rico

Scouting in New Jersey
Scouting in New Jersey has a long history, from the 1910s to the present day, serving thousands of youth in programs that suit the environment in which they live. The second Boy Scouts of America National Headquarters was in North Brunswick, although it was referred to in BSA publications as being in neighboring New Brunswick.
Armorial Hall of the Winter Palace
The Armorial Hall of the Winter Palace, Saint Petersburg, is a vast chamber originally designed for official ceremonies.  The Armorial Hall is located between the Military Gallery and the palace courtyard.

The current hall was designed by Vasily Stasov in the late 1830s, after the original hall was damaged by an extensive palace fire in 1837; it was at this time that the fluted columns were gilded. Along with St George's Hall and the Nicholas Hall, it was one of the palace's main areas for entertaining.  The edges of the hall are decorated with vast stucco panoplies.  In the center of the hall sits a lapidary vase made of aventurine from 1842.

Under the direction of Anatoly Lunacharsky, who became the Commissar of Enlightenment after the October Revolution, the Armorial Hall was used as a concert hall, with a capacity of up to 2,000.

Today, as part of the State Hermitage Museum, this room retains its original decoration.

Anatoly Lunacharsky
Anatoly Vasilyevich Lunacharsky (Russian: Анато́лий Васи́льевич Лунача́рский, born Anatoly Aleksandrovich Antonov; 23 November [O.S. 11 November] 1875 – 26 December 1933) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and the first Soviet People's Commissar (minister) of Education, as well as an active playwright, critic, essayist, and journalist throughout his career.
Gizo (mythology)
Gizo, also known as Gizzo, is a spider trickster figure present in the traditional religion of the Hausa people, who are situated in the Sahelian regions and are in large numbers in Nigeria, Niger, Ivory Coast, and Benin. Like many cultural depictions of spiders in African mythology, Gizo is a mythic hero.

Trickster
In mythology and the study of folklore and religion, a trickster is a character in a story who exhibits a great degree of intellect or secret knowledge and uses it to play tricks or otherwise disobey normal rules and defy conventional behavior. Such a character may be a god, goddess, spirit, human or anthropomorphisation.
Al Freeman Jr.
Albert Cornelius Freeman Jr. (March 21, 1934 – August 9, 2012) was an American actor, director, and educator. A life member of The Actors Studio, Freeman appeared in a wide variety of plays, ranging from Leroi Jones' Slave/Toilet to Joe Papp's revivals of Long Day's Journey Into Night and Troilus and Cressida, and films, including My Sweet Charlie, Finian's Rainbow, and Malcolm X, as well as television series The Mod Squad, Kojak, and Maude, and a long-running role on the soap opera One Life to Live.

The Mod Squad
The Mod Squad is an American crime drama series, originally broadcast for five seasons on ABC from September 24, 1968, to March 1, 1973. It starred Michael Cole as Peter "Pete" Cochran, Clarence Williams III as Lincoln "Linc" Hayes, Peggy Lipton as Julie Barnes, and Tige Andrews as Captain Adam Greer. The executive producers of the series were Aaron Spelling and Danny Thomas.

The counterculture police series earned six Emmy Award nominations, four Golden Globe nominations plus one win for Peggy Lipton, one Directors Guild of America Award, and four Logies. In 1970, the second-season episode, "In This Corner . . . Sol Alpert," script by Rita Lakin and Harve Bennett, was nominated by the Mystery Writers of America for an Edgar Award in the category of Best Mystery Teleplay, losing to the TV-Movie Daughter of the Mind.  In 1997, a 1970 episode "Mother of Sorrow" was ranked No. 95 on TV Guide's 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time.
Sotiris Petroulas
Sotiris Petroulas (Greek: Σωτήρης Πέτρουλας), 1943 - 21 July 1965, was a Greek student that was killed on 21 July 1965 during demonstrations against the governments of "Iouliana".

Born in Oitylo, he was a founding member of the "Lambrakis Youth", named after Grigoris Lambrakis, who was murdered in 1963.

During one of the demonstrations of July 1965 in Athens, he was either hit by men of the Cities Police, or he was arrested and murdered. His funeral became another opportunity for new demonstrations, while Georgios Papandreou gave a speech.

A song was composed in his honour by Mikis Theodorakis. The students' union of Athens University of Economics and Business is named after him.

Oitylo
Oitylo (Greek: Οίτυλο, pronounced Ítilo), is a village on the Mani Peninsula of the Peloponnese in southern Greece. It has a land area of 218.582 km2.

Oitylo is one of the oldest settlements in the Mani Peninsula. It was mentioned in the Iliad by Homer as Oetylus (Ancient Greek: Οίτυλος), as part of Menelaus' kingdom. In the Middle Ages, it grew to become the most important town in Mani. The only town in Mani that rivaled Oitylos in numbers of pirates was Skoutari.

Areopoli has surpassed Oitylo as the principal town of Laconian Mani. Since the 2011 local government reform Oitylo is part of the municipality East Mani, Laconia, of which it is a municipal unit. There are 91 villages in the municipality; the largest of these are Areópoli, Pyrgos Dirou and Oitylo.

Oitylo is known as Βίτσουλο (Vitsoulo) in the local Maniot dialect.
Rineloricaria longicauda
Rineloricaria longicauda, commonly known as the elongated whiptail catfish, is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in coastal drainage basins between Chuí and Tramandaí in the state of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil, although it has also been reported from Uruguay. In environments with clear to brown water, slow to moderate water flow, and substrates made of sand or mud, it is frequently found. The species reaches 13.2 cm (5.2 inches) in standard length and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.

Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.