hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1834–35 United States Senate elections
The 1834–35 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1834 and 1835, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2.

The Anti-Jackson coalition maintained control of the Senate. However, during the 24th Congress, the Jacksonian coalition gained control of the Senate.

Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Seventeenth Amendment (Amendment XVII) to the United States Constitution established the direct election of United States senators in each state. The amendment supersedes Article I, Section 3, Clauses 1 and 2 of the Constitution, under which senators were appointed by state legislatures. It also alters the procedure for filling vacancies in the Senate, allowing for state legislatures to permit their governors to make temporary appointments until a special election can be held.

The amendment was proposed by the 62nd Congress in 1912 and became part of the Constitution upon ratification by three-quarters (36) of the state legislatures: on April 8, 1913. Sitting senators were not affected until their existing terms expired. The transition began with two special elections in Georgia and in Maryland, then in earnest with the November 1914 election; it was complete on March 4, 1919, when the senators chosen by the November 1918 election took office.
Trinidad mangroves
The Trinidad mangroves ecoregion (WWF ID: NT1436) covers the separate mangrove forest areas on the coast of the island of Trinidad, in the country of Trinidad and Tobago. The character of the mangroves is affected by the large amount of fresh water flowing out of the Orinoco River and Amazon River to the south, which flow northwest around the island. The mangroves of Trinidad are found on all coasts, and are usually in the estuaries of rivers, but also found in coastal lagoons.

Caroni River (Trinidad and Tobago)
The Caroni River is the largest river in Trinidad and Tobago, running for 40 km (25 mi) from its origins in the Northern Range on the island of Trinidad, through the northern lowlands of the Caroni Plains and enters the Gulf of Paria at the Caroni Swamp.

The Caroni and its tributaries drain into one of the most densely populated parts of Trinidad, the East–West Corridor, and also provides most of its drinking water through the Caroni–Arena Dam. Point and non-point pollution is thus a major concern, as is the deforestation of its watershed on the southern slopes of the Northern Range. The banks of the Caroni River are one of the two main sites for Hindu cremations.

The River is known to have strong currents and occasionally floods during heavy rainfall, devastating crops, livestock, fields, and farms in the Caroni area.
Great St Bernard Lake
Great St Bernard Lake (French: Lac du Grand St-Bernard, Italian: Lago del Gran San Bernardo) is a mountain lake of the Pennine Alps, located south-west of Great St Bernard Pass. It is divided between Switzerland (canton of Valais) and Italy (region of Aosta Valley), although it lies south of the Alps, within the Dora Baltea basin.

The lake is located at a height of 2,447 metres above sea level and has a maximum length of 350 metres.

Dora Baltea
The Dora Baltea (Italian: [ˈdɔːra ˈbaltea]) or Doire Baltée (French: [dwaʁ balte]) is a river in the Aosta Valley and in Piedmont, in northwestern Italy. It is a left-bank tributary of the Po and is about 170 kilometres (110 mi) long.
Uqqummiut
Uqqummiut (Inuktitut: ᐅᕐᒃᑯᒻᒥᐅᑦ, Inuinnaqtun: Uqqurmiut) is a territorial electoral district (riding) for the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut, Canada. The riding consists of the communities of Clyde River and Qikiqtarjuaq.

The Member of the Legislative Assembly was Samuel Nuqingaq. On 24 October 2014, he was expelled for the legislature and the seat became vacant with a by-election to be held within six months. The by-election was held 9 February 2015 and Pauloosie Keyootak of Qikiqtarjuaq was elected.

Clyde River, Nunavut
Clyde River (Syllabics: ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒃ, Inuktitut: Kangiqtugaapik "nice little inlet") is an Inuit hamlet located on the shore of Baffin Island's Patricia Bay, off Kangiqtugaapik, an arm of Davis Strait in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It lies in the Baffin Mountains which in turn form part of the Arctic Cordillera mountain range. The community is served by air and by annual supply sealift.

The community is served by Quluaq School, the Northern Stores, an arena, a community hall, an Anglican church (the Church of the Redeemer), a health centre, hotel and Clyde River Airport with regular flights to Iqaluit and Pond Inlet.
Media in Hyderabad
Media in Hyderabad is well-developed, and the city is covered by a large network of optical fiber cables. The city's telephone system is serviced by four landline companies: BSNL, Tata Indicom, Reliance and Airtel. There are a number of mobile-phone companies: Aircel, BSNL, Airtel, Hutch Idea Cellular, Uninor, MTS, Virgin Mobile, Tata Indicom, Tata DoCoMo, and Reliance. Several companies offer broadband internet access.

Fiber-optic cable
A fiber-optic cable, also known as an optical-fiber cable, is an assembly similar to an electrical cable but containing one or more optical fibers that are used to carry light. The optical fiber elements are typically individually coated with plastic layers and contained in a protective tube suitable for the environment where the cable is used. Different types of cable are used for fiber-optic communication in different applications, for example long-distance telecommunication or providing a high-speed data connection between different parts of a building.
2016–17 Nashville Predators season
The 2016–17 Nashville Predators season was the 19th season for the National Hockey League (NHL) franchise that was established on June 25, 1997. The Predators advanced to their first ever Conference Final with a 4–2 series win over the St. Louis Blues in the Semifinals, and then advanced to their first-ever Stanley Cup Finals after defeating the Anaheim Ducks in six games. They became the third team to make the Stanley Cup Finals from the eighth seed since the Edmonton Oilers in 2006 and the Los Angeles Kings in 2012.

It was also the first time a Tennessee-based team in an American professional sports league had made a championship round since the NFL's Tennessee Titans in 1999.

2011–12 Los Angeles Kings season
The 2011–12 Los Angeles Kings season was the 45th season (44th season of play) for the National Hockey League (NHL) franchise. Although they finished the season with 95 points and the eighth seed in the Western Conference playoffs, they went on to capture the first Stanley Cup championship in team history.
The Good Companions (1957 film)
The Good Companions is a 1957 British musical film directed by J. Lee Thompson and starring Eric Portman and Celia Johnson. It was written by J.L. Hodson, T.J. Morrison and J.B. Priestley  based on the 1929 novel of the same name by Priestley and is a remake of the 1933 film version.

Remake
A remake is a film, television series, video game, song or similar form of entertainment that is based upon and retells the story of an earlier production in the same medium—e.g., a "new version of an existing film". A remake tells the same story as the original but uses a different set of casts, and may use actors from the original, alter the theme, or change the flow and setting of the story. In addition, since a remake is released some time after the original work, it may incorporate new technologies, enhancements, and techniques that had not existed or been commonly used when the original work was created. Similar but not synonymous terms are reimagining or reboot, which indicates a greater discrepancy between, for example, a movie and the movie it is based on.
Borgarhreppur
Borgarhreppur (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈpɔrkar̥ˌr̥ɛhpʏr̥]) was formerly a rural parish (hreppur) in Mýrasýsla county, west Iceland, named after the ancient farm and church estate Borg á Mýrum which was occupied by Skallagrímur Kveldúlfsson, one of Iceland's original settlers.

On 7 June 1998, Borgarhreppur joined the Borgarbyggð municipality, along with Álftaneshreppur and Þverárhlíðarhreppur.

64°37′16″N 21°49′37″W﻿ / ﻿64.621°N 21.827°W﻿ / 64.621; -21.827

Counties of Iceland
Iceland was historically divided into 23 counties known as sýslur (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈsistlʏr̥]), and 23 independent towns known as kaupstaðir ([ˈkʰœypˌstaːðɪr̥]). Iceland is now split up between 24 sýslumenn (magistrates) that are the highest authority over the local police (except in Reykjavík where there is a special office of police commissioner) and carry out administrative functions such as declaring bankruptcy and marrying people outside of the church. The jurisdictions of these magistrates often follow the lines of the historical counties, but not always. When speaking of these new "administrative" counties, the custom is to associate them with the county seats rather than using the names of the traditional counties, even when they cover the same area.
Stanisławice, Radomsko County
Stanisławice [staniswaˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gidle, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north of Gidle, 9 km (6 mi) south of Radomsko, and 89 km (55 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Radomsko
Radomsko (pronounced [raˈdɔmskɔ] ⓘ) is a city in south-central Poland with 44,700 inhabitants (2021). It is situated on the Radomka river in the Łódź Voivodeship. It is the county seat of Radomsko County.

Founded in the 11th century, Radomsko is a former royal city located within the Sieradz Land, which prospered as a trade center due to its location at the intersection of important trade routes. In the 14th century, it was the site of congresses at which Princess Jadwiga of Poland was chosen as Queen of Poland as the country's first female monarch. Due to particularly strong partisan resistance against German occupiers during World War II, it was dubbed Banditenstadt ("City of Bandits") by the Germans.

It is located on the main railway line connecting Warsaw and Katowice, the country's two largest metropolitan areas, and on the main highway connecting Gdańsk and Łódź with Katowice, part of the European route E75.
Thomas White (died 1558)
Thomas White (1532/34–1558) was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Downton in 1555 and 1558.

White studied at the Inner Temple. He was survived by his son, the MP for Clitheroe, John White.

Clitheroe (UK Parliament constituency)
Clitheroe was a parliamentary constituency in Lancashire.

The town of Clitheroe was first enfranchised as a parliamentary borough in 1559, returning two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of England until 1707, then to the House of Commons of Great Britain until 1800, and finally to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom until 1832.  The borough's representation was reduced to one MP by the Reform Act 1832.

The parliamentary borough was abolished under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, and the name transferred to a new county division with effect from the 1885 general election. The county division returned one MP until it was abolished for the 1983 general election. It was then largely replaced by the new Ribble Valley constituency.
Romani people in Austria
The Romani people in Austria (German: Roma in Österreich) have lived in the country since the Middle Ages. According to the 2001 census, there were 6,273 Romani speakers in Austria, or less than 0.1% of the population. Estimations count between 10,000 and 25,000. A more recent estimation count between 40,000 and 50,000 Romani people or about 0.5%. Most indigenous Romani people in Austria belong to the Burgenland-Roma group in East-Austria. The majority live in the state of Burgenland, in the city of Oberwart and in villages next to the District of Oberwart. The Burgenland-Roma speak the Vlax Romani language.

In Upper Austria there are also some Sinti families with 80% of the Sinti speaking the Sinte Romani dialect of the Romani language.

Since 1960, there has also been a significant Roma population originally from former Yugoslavian countries, especially from Serbia (Gurbeti and Kalderash Roma-Groups) and Ashkali from Kosovo and also some from Turkey.

Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians
The Ashkali (Serbian: Ашкалије / Aškalije), otherwise known as Hashkali (Serbian: Хашкалије / Haškalije) and/or Balkan Egyptians (Serbian: Балкански Египћани / Balkanski Egipćani; Albanian: Komuniteti i Egjiptianëve të Ballkanit; Macedonian: Ѓупци, romanized: Ǵupci), are Albanian-speaking Muslim ethnic cultural minorities (recognized communities), which mainly inhabit Kosovo and southern Serbia, as well as Albania, Montenegro, and North Macedonia. Prior to the Kosovo War of 1999, the Balkan Egyptians or Ashkali people registered themselves as Albanians. While some Ashkali speak Romani, Egyptians do not. The two groups are not clearly delineated. Though they differ linguistically and culturally from the Roma, they have often been grouped together under the acronym RAE (Roma, Ashkali, and Egyptians).
Brian Finch
Brian Finch (25 July 1936 – 27 June 2007) was a British television scriptwriter and dramatist. His longest relationship was with the ITV1 soap opera, Coronation Street, for which he wrote 150 scripts between 1970 and 1989. He also helped the development of All Creatures Great and Small, The Tomorrow People,  and Heartbeat.  He contributed several episodes to the British detective programmes  The Gentle Touch, Hetty Wainthropp Investigates, Bergerac and The Bill.  It was for his work as a writer on Goodnight Mr Tom, a bittersweet drama starring John Thaw, for which he received a BAFTA.

Goodnight Mister Tom (film)
Goodnight Mister Tom is a 1998 British film adaptation by Carlton Television of the novel of the same name by Michelle Magorian. The film is set during World War II and is about a young evacuee named William Beech who is placed in the care of a reclusive widower, Tom Oakley, in a rural English village, where he gradually finds love and healing after escaping an abusive home. It was Jack Gold's final film as a director.

The cast featured well-known British actors, including veteran actor John Thaw, who played a bearded character for the first time in his career. Filming took place during April and May 1998 in the village of Turville, chosen due to practical and aesthetic reasons.

Critical reviews were mixed, with critics finding the story and conclusion of the film predictable, although with praise for the cast performances, particularly Thaw.
Israelism (film)
Israelism is a 2023 American documentary about the portrayal of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in American Jewish institutions. Directed by Erin Axelman and Sam Eilertsen, it has screened at various film festivals in the United States and won a Brooklyn Film Festival Spirit Award.

The film is critical of Israel's treatment of Palestinians, and of the American Jewish community's education on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. It follows two American Jews as they learn about the conflict and come to revise their views. The film also includes interviews with academics and political activists.

Some late 2023 screenings of the film at universities and other venues in the U.S. and Canada were canceled, following an online campaign accusing the film of antisemitism, with screenings reinstated following criticism from academic and civil liberties organizations.

Brooklyn Film Festival
The Brooklyn Film Festival (BFF), prior to 2011 called the Brooklyn International Film Festival (BiFF) is an independent film festival held every June in New York City.

Started by Marco Ursino, Susan Mackell, Abe Schrager, and Mario Pegoraro in 1998, its mission is to “discover, expose, and promote independent filmmakers while drawing worldwide attention to Brooklyn as a center for cinema." Its base is South 4th Street, Williamsburg.

The festival is organized by the Brooklyn Film Society, a 501 (c)(3) tax-exempt non-profit organization.

BFF also oversees the annual KidsFilmFest, a program that reaches out to children and families.
Peter Lappin
Peter John Lappin (born December 31, 1965) is an American former professional ice hockey player who played for the Minnesota North Stars and San Jose Sharks of the NHL.  Prior to his professional career, he served as co-captain of the St. Lawrence University Skating Saints. His son Nick plays within the St. Louis Blues organization

Minnesota North Stars
The Minnesota North Stars were a professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL) for 26 seasons, from 1967 to 1993. The North Stars played their home games at the Met Center in Bloomington, Minnesota, and the team's colors for most of its history were green, yellow, gold and white. The North Stars played 2,062 regular season games and made the NHL playoffs 17 times, including two Stanley Cup Final appearances, where they were defeated by the New York Islanders in 1981 and the Pittsburgh Penguins in 1991. After the 1992–93 season, the franchise moved to Dallas, and the team was renamed the Dallas Stars.
Nicolas Lazarévitch
Nicolas Lazarévitch (17 August 1895 – 24 December 1975) was a Belgian-born French electrician, a building worker, a proof-reader and, most consistently, a libertarian-anarchist writer and activist.   He was born and grew up in Belgium, the child of Russian exiles.

Jupille-sur-Meuse
Jupille or Jupille-sur-Meuse (French pronunciation: [ʒypij syʁ møz], literally Jupille on Meuse; Walloon: Djoupeye) is a sub-municipality of the city of Liège located in the province of Liège, Wallonia, Belgium. It was a separate municipality until 1977. On 1 January 1977, it was merged into Liège.

Jupille is the location of the brewery Piedbœuf (InBev group), where Jupiler is made.  It is also the death place of Pepin of Herstal. It has also been proposed as the birthplace of Pepin the Short, King of the Franks (751-768) and perhaps even of his son Charlemagne, Emperor and king of the Franks, but there is no sure proof for these suppositions.
R-Phase
The R-phase is a phase found in nitinol, a shape-memory alloy. It is a martensitic phase in nature, but is not the martensite that is responsible for the shape memory and superelastic effect.

In connection with nitinol, "martensite" normally refers to the B19' monoclinic martensite phase, rather than the R-phase. The R-phase competes with martensite, is often completely absent, and often appears during cooling before martensite, then giving way to it upon further cooling. In the same way, it can be observed during heating prior to reversion to austenite, or may be completely absent.

The R-phase to austenite transformation (A-R) is reversible, with a very small hysteresis (typically 2–5 °C (36–41 °F)). It also exhibits a very small shape memory effect, and within a very narrow temperature range, superelasticity. The R-phase transformation (from austenite) occurs between 20 and 40 °C (68 and 104 °F) in most binary nitinol alloys.

Phase diagram
A phase diagram in physical chemistry, engineering, mineralogy, and materials science is a type of chart used to show conditions (pressure, temperature,  etc.) at which thermodynamically distinct phases (such as solid, liquid or gaseous states) occur and coexist at equilibrium.
Cool Cities Initiative
Cool Cities Initiative began as an initiative started by Michigan Governor Jennifer Granholm to spur growth and investment in Midwestern cities. The Initiative was proposed in 2003 in response to the brain drain of students attending college in Michigan and then seeking employment out of the state.

The Cool Cities Initiative was inspired by Dr. Richard Florida's 2002 book The Rise of the Creative Class.

Funded Projects:

Cool Cities funded $1.9 million dollars in catalysts grants in Michigan

The Stadium District, immediately south of Oldsmobile Park in Lansing, was redeveloped using a grant from the Cool Cities project.

Jackson Field (Lansing)
Jackson Field is a baseball stadium in Lansing, Michigan, home field of the Lansing Lugnuts minor league baseball team. The Michigan State Spartans college baseball team also plays select home games at Jackson Field. The stadium is situated in downtown Lansing in the Stadium District on a relatively narrow strip of land between and below Larch and Cedar streets.

It is primarily used for baseball, though it has also hosted an ice skating rink, an outdoor movie theater, a haunted house, and served as a concert venue for the annual Common Ground Music Festival. Due to the dimensions of the city block in which the stadium was constructed, the right and left field fences 'notch' sharply into distances of 305 feet (93 m) at each foul pole.
Andrés Serna
Andrés Felipe Serna Martínez (born 15 November 1997) is a Colombian weightlifter. He won the gold medal in the men's 96 kg event at the 2022 Pan American Weightlifting Championships held in Bogotá, Colombia. He is also a two-time gold medalist at the 2022 Bolivarian Games held in Valledupar, Colombia.

In 2017, Serna competed in the men's 94 kg event at the World Weightlifting Championships held in Anaheim, California, United States. He also competed in the men's 96 kg event at the 2021 World Weightlifting Championships held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Serna competed in the men's 109 kg event at the 2022 South American Games held in Asunción, Paraguay.

2022 South American Games
The XII South American Games (Spanish: XII Juegos Suramericanos Asunción 2022) was a multi-sport event held between 1–15 October 2022 in Asunción, Paraguay. The Games were organized by the South American Sports Organization, the Paraguayan Olympic Committee, the government of the Republic of Paraguay and the local National Secretary of Sports.
Everything's Rosie
Everything's Rosie is a 1931 American Pre-Code slapstick comedy film directed by Clyde Bruckman, from a screenplay by Ralph Spence, Tim Whelan, and Al Boasberg, based on a story by Boasberg. Although the screenplay was credited as original, it bore a striking resemblance to a 1923 play, Poppy, which had starred W. C. Fields.

The film stars Robert Woolsey, one-half of the comedy team of Wheeler & Woolsey, and was an attempt by RKO Radio Pictures to capitalize on the popularity of the comedy duo, having each of the team star in their own solo films. The film also stars Anita Louise and John Darrow, but was a critical failure, although it did manage not to lose money in a year when most RKO films did.  Following the film's disappointing reception, the Wheeler & Woolsey team was quickly reunited, and Everything's Rosie was to be the only film Woolsey ever appeared in without Wheeler.

Tim Whelan
Tim Whelan (November 2, 1893 – August 12, 1957) was an American film director, writer, producer and actor, best remembered for his writing credits on Harold Lloyd and Harry Langdon comedies, and for directing mostly British films, such as The Thief of Bagdad (1940).

In Britain he worked with leading production companies including British International Pictures, Gainsborough Pictures and Alexander Korda's London Films. In the United States he was employed by MGM and RKO. He returned to America following the outbreak of the Second World War, but came back to Britain for a film in 1948, This Was a Woman.

He was married to the film actress Miriam Seegar in 1932. Whelan died at his home in Beverly Hills.