hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
High-lift device
In aircraft design and aerospace engineering, a high-lift device is a component or mechanism on an aircraft's wing that increases the amount of lift produced by the wing. The device may be a fixed component, or a movable mechanism which is deployed when required. Common movable high-lift devices include wing flaps and slats. Fixed devices include leading-edge slots, leading edge root extensions, and boundary layer control systems.

Lift (force)
When a fluid flows around an object, the fluid exerts a force on the object. Lift is the component of this force that is perpendicular to the oncoming flow direction. It contrasts with the drag force, which is the component of the force parallel to the flow direction. Lift conventionally acts in an upward direction in order to counter the force of gravity, but it may act in any direction perpendicular to the flow.

If the surrounding fluid is air, the force is called an aerodynamic force. In water or any other liquid, it is called a hydrodynamic force.

Dynamic lift is distinguished from other kinds of lift in fluids. Aerostatic lift or buoyancy, in which an internal fluid is lighter than the surrounding fluid, does not require movement and is used by balloons, blimps, dirigibles, boats, and submarines. Planing lift, in which only the lower portion of the body is immersed in a liquid flow, is used by motorboats, surfboards, windsurfers, sailboats, and water-skis.
The Biggest Bluff
The Biggest Bluff is a book written by Maria Konnikova published by Penguin Press in 2020. Maria is a psychologist, television producer and a Russian-American writer. In this book, Konnikova describes her poker journey from complete novice to poker champ after hiring some of the worlds greatest players (including Erik Seidel) to coach her. In addition to her newfound prowess in poker, Konnikova describes how learning the game helped her with her everyday life, illuminating the fine difference between skill and luck.

Maria Konnikova
Maria Konnikova (born 1984) is an American writer. Konnikova has also worked as a television producer, poker player, and podcaster. She has written three New York Times bestseller list books, including Mastermind: How to Think Like Sherlock Holmes.
Indiana, Pennsylvania
Indiana is a borough in Indiana County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. The population was 14,044 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Indiana, Pennsylvania micropolitan area, about 46 miles (74 km) northeast of Pittsburgh. It is a part of the greater Pittsburgh–New Castle–Weirton combined statistical area, as well as the Johnstown and Pittsburgh media markets.

The borough and the region as a whole promote itself as the "Christmas Tree Capital of the World" because the national Christmas Tree Growers Association was founded there. There are still many Christmas tree farms in the area. The largest employer in the borough today is Indiana University of Pennsylvania, the second-largest of 14 PASSHE schools in the state.

Johnstown, Pennsylvania
Johnstown is the largest city in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 18,411 as of the 2020 census. Located 57 miles (92 km) east of Pittsburgh, it is the principal city of the Johnstown metropolitan area, which had 133,472 residents in 2020. It is also part of the Johnstown–Somerset combined statistical area, which includes both Cambria and Somerset counties. Once a bustling industrial center, like many cities in the Rust Belt, Johnstown was severely affected by the loss of jobs in the steel industry due to globalization and the movement of American manufacturing to overseas markets.
1978 Vuelta a España, Stage 11a to Stage 19b
The 1978 Vuelta a España was the 33rd edition of the Vuelta a España, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Vuelta began in Gijón, with a prologue individual time trial on 25 April, and Stage 10 occurred on 6 May with a stage from Calafell. The race finished in San Sebastián on 14 May.

Miranda de Ebro
Miranda de Ebro (Spanish: [miˈɾan̪da ðe ˈeβɾo]) is a Spanish municipality belonging to the province of Burgos in the autonomous community of Castile and León. Straddling the Ebro river, near its confluence with the Bayas, the city is located on the northern watershed of the Obarenes Mountains, near the border with the Basque province of Álava and the autonomous community of La Rioja. As of 2 January 2025, the municipality has a registered population of 37,138.

The city has an industrial economy focusing on the chemical industry. Connected to the Meseta Central through the Pancorbo Pass, Miranda is an important transportation hub, served by the AP-1 and AP-68 road routes and the Madrid–Hendaye and Tudela–Bilbao rail routes. Within 80 kilometres (50 miles) are the cities of Bilbao, Burgos, Logroño and Vitoria-Gasteiz.
Xpress 200
The Radeon Xpress 200 is a computer chipset released by ATI. The chipset supports AMD 64-bit processors (Socket 939 and Socket 754) as well as supporting Intel Pentium 4, Pentium D and Celeron processors (LGA 775 and Socket 478). Additionally, it includes support for DDR400 RAM and DDR-2 667 RAM on the Intel Edition.

ATI renamed its Radeon Xpress 200 Crossfire Edition chipset to CrossFire Xpress 1600. After the takeover from AMD, AMD renamed the Crossfire Xpress 1600 chipset for AMD socket AM2 platform to the AMD 480X CrossFire chipset.

Socket 478
Socket 478, also known as mPGA478 or mPGA478B, is a 478-contact CPU socket used for Intel's Pentium 4 and Celeron series CPUs.

Socket 478 was launched in August 2001 in advance of the Northwood core to compete with AMD's 462-pin Socket A and their Athlon XP processors.  Socket 478 was intended to be the replacement for Socket 423, a Willamette-based processor socket which was on the market for only a short time.

This was the last Intel desktop socket to use a pin grid array (PGA) interface. All later Intel desktop sockets use a land grid array (LGA) interface.

Socket 478 was phased out with the launch of LGA 775 in 2004.
Athyma opalina
Athyma opalina, the Himalayan sergeant, is a species of large, tailess nymphalid butterfly found in tropical and subtropical evergreen forest regions in Asia (India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Bhutan), usually at a elevation of 1200 meters to 3000 meters. A. opalina has a wingspan of 57 millimeters to 72 millimeters. Athyma opalina primary color is black with white as an associated color. Other colors on Athyma opalina include red, brown and orange.

Adults of this species feed on nectar, sap and sometimes decaying organic matter while larvae feed on some trees and grasses. They live for 12 months.

Bombay Natural History Society
The Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS), founded on 15 September 1883, is one of the largest non-governmental organisations in India engaged in conservation and biodiversity research. It supports many research efforts through grants and publishes the Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. Many prominent naturalists, including the ornithologists Sálim Ali and S. Dillon Ripley, have been associated with it.
Da Cal
Da Cal is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ernesto Guerra Da Cal (1911–1994), Galician writer and philologist, father of Enric

Enric Ucelay-Da Cal (born 1948), Spanish historian, son of Ernesto

Enric Ucelay-Da Cal
Enric Ucelay-Da Cal (born 1948 in New York City, United States) is a historian specializing in contemporary history, who has done extensive work on Catalan history. He is at present (2014) Senior Professor Emeritus at the Pompeu Fabra University (UPF) in Barcelona and coordinator of a Research Group on States, Nations and Sovereignties, linked to the UPF.
Locally nilpotent
In the mathematical field of commutative algebra, an ideal I in a commutative ring A is locally nilpotent at a prime ideal p if Ip, the localization of I at p, is a nilpotent ideal in Ap.

In non-commutative algebra and group theory, an algebra or group is locally nilpotent if and only if every finitely generated subalgebra or subgroup is nilpotent.  The subgroup generated by the normal locally nilpotent subgroups is called the Hirsch–Plotkin radical and is the generalization of the Fitting subgroup to groups without the ascending chain condition on normal subgroups.

A locally nilpotent ring is one in which every finitely generated subring is nilpotent: locally nilpotent rings form a radical class, giving rise to the Levitzki radical.

Prime ideal
In algebra, a prime ideal is a subset of a ring that shares many important properties of a prime number in the ring of integers. The prime ideals for the integers are the sets that contain all the multiples of a given prime number, together with the zero ideal.

Primitive ideals are prime, and prime ideals are both primary and semiprime.
Etterby
Etterby is a former village in Cumbria, England. It is now a northwestern suburb of Carlisle, on the northern side of the River Eden. The Redfern Inn (1939–1940) was designed by the architect Harry Redfern in the New Model Inn style. In 1870-72 the township had a population of 319.

River Eden, Cumbria
The River Eden is a river that flows through Cumbria, England. It rises on Black Fell Moss, near the village of Outhgill, and runs in a generally north-westerly direction through the Vale of Eden and Solway Plain before reaching the sea at the Solway Firth.
Eching am Ammersee
Eching am Ammersee (German pronunciation: [ˈɛçɪŋ ʔam ˈʔamɐˌzeː] ⓘ, lit. 'Eching on the Ammersee') is a municipality in the district of Landsberg in Bavaria in Germany. It has a size of 6.15km2.

Situated at the northern shore of the Ammersee at an elevation of 541m, it borders the Naturschutzgebiet "Ampermoos" and the wooded recreation area "Weingarten".

Naturschutzgebiet
A Naturschutzgebiet (German pronunciation: [naˈtuːɐ̯ʃʊtsɡəˌbiːt] ⓘ; abbreviated NSG) is a category of protected area (nature reserve) within Germany's Federal Nature Conservation Act (the Bundesnaturschutzgesetz or BNatSchG).
Although often translated as 'Nature Reserve' in English, the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) refers to them as 'Nature Conservation Areas'. It meets the criteria of an IUCN Category IV – habitat or species management area.
Tremovirus
Tremovirus is a virus genus belonging to the Picornaviridae family. The genus has two species, including Avian encephalomyelitis virus. The first avian picornavirus to have its genome sequenced, it causes epidemic tremor in chickens.

Avian encephalomyelitis virus is of economic importance to chicken farmers because it causes a drop in egg production in laying hens, and neurological diseases in chicks less than three weeks old.

The domestic host is the chicken, but it can also infect partridge, turkeys, quail, guineafowl, and pheasants. It has a worldwide distribution.

The virus can be spread by both vertical and horizontal transmission. It is not a zoonosis, meaning that it cannot be transmitted to humans.

Quail
Quail is a collective name for several genera of mid-sized birds generally placed in the order Galliformes. The collective noun for a group of quail is a flock, covey, or bevy.

Old World quail are placed in the family Phasianidae, and New World quail are placed in the family Odontophoridae. The species of buttonquail are named for their superficial resemblance to quail, and form the family Turnicidae in the order Charadriiformes. The king quail, an Old World quail, often is sold in the pet trade, and within this trade is commonly, though mistakenly, referred to as a "button quail". Many of the common larger species are farm-raised for table food or egg consumption, and are hunted on game farms or in the wild, where they may be released to supplement the wild population, or extend into areas outside their natural range. In 2007, 40 million quail were produced in the United States.
Killian Doyle
Killian Doyle (born 18 April 1997) is an Irish hurler who plays as a centre-forward with the Westmeath senior team.

Born in Raharney, County Westmeath, Doyle developed as a hurler during his secondary schooling at St. Joseph's Secondary School in Rochfortbridge. Here he was an All-Ireland runner-up in 2012. Doyle simultaneously made his first appearances for the Raharney club at underage levels, before winning county senior championship medals in 2014 and 2016.

Doyle made his debut on the inter-county scene at the age of fifteen when he was selected for the Westmeath minor team. He enjoyed four championship seasons with the minor team. Doyle subsequently joined the Westmeath under-21 team. He made his senior debut during the 2016 league.

On 8 September 2022, Doyle was nominated for a PwC All-Star award, Westmeath's first hurling nomination since 1986 when David Kilcoyne won their first and only All-Star.

County Westmeath
County Westmeath (/wɛstˈmiːð/; Irish: Contae na hIarmhí or simply An Iarmhí) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Eastern and Midland Region. It formed part of the historic Kingdom of Meath, which was named Mide because the kingdom was located in the geographical centre of Ireland (the word Mide meaning 'middle'). Westmeath County Council is the administrative body for the county, and the county town is Mullingar. At the 2022 census, the population of the county was 95,840.
1. FC Phönix Lübeck
1. FC Phönix Lübeck is a German association football club from the city of Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein. The club has, historically, played at highest level in Germany, with the last stint of this coming from 1957 to 1960 in the tier one Oberliga Nord. After the introduction of the Bundesliga in 1963 Phönix played in the tier two Regionalliga Nord from 1967 to 1974 but has since fallen to regional amateur level.

Phönix has made three appearances in the DFB-Pokal, the German Cup, in 1938, 1976, and 2024.

Introduction of the Bundesliga
The Introduction of the Bundesliga was the long-debated step of establishing a top-level association football league in Germany in 1963. The new league, the Bundesliga, played its first season in 1963–64 and continues to be the highest league in the country. Its introduction reduced the number of first division teams in Germany from 74 to 16 and finally eliminated the problem of the top-teams having to play uncompetitive teams in regional leagues.

While the league was introduced in 1963, plans and suggestions for a national league date back as far as the early 1930s, when a Reichsliga was proposed. The process of forming such a league went hand-in-hand with the discussion over professionalism in German football. While a limited form of professionalism was approved in 1932 it was, because of the rise of the Nazis to power in 1933, not implemented until after the Second World War.
Flèche Hesbignonne
The Flèche Hesbignonne-Cras Avernas was a one-day road cycling race held annually in Belgium. Created in 1952, it first took place between Niel and Sint-Truiden. It was then held between Cras-Avernas and Remouchamps. It was on the UCI Europe Tour in category 1.2 for its final editions in 2005 and 2006.

Sint-Truiden
Sint-Truiden (Dutch pronunciation: [sɪnˈtrœydə(n)] ⓘ; French: Saint-Trond [sɛ̃ tʁɔ̃]; Limburgish: Sintruin [sɪnˈtʀœjn]) is a city and municipality located in the province of Limburg, Flemish Region, Belgium. With more than 41,500 inhabitants, it is one of the largest cities in Limburg.

The municipality includes the former communes (now deelgemeenten) of Aalst, Brustem, Duras, Engelmanshoven, Gelinden, Gorsem, Groot-Gelmen, Halmaal, Kerkom-bij-Sint-Truiden, Melveren, Metsteren, Ordingen, Runkelen, Velm, Wilderen, and Zepperen.

The city is in the centre of Belgium's fruit-producing region, Haspengouw (Hesbaye), which is renowned for its pears, apples (Jonagold), and sweet cherries.
Dakota Northern Railroad
The Dakota Northern Railroad (reporting mark DN) is a Class III short line railroad that operates over 72 miles (116 kilometres) of track in the northeastern portion of the U.S. state of North Dakota.
The Dakota Northern Railroad, headquartered in Crookston, Minnesota, is co-owned by KBN Incorporated and Independent Locomotive Service.

As of 2006, the Dakota Northern Railroad employed 6 people. The primary commodities hauled included grain, coal, potato, fertilizers, and ethanol.

The railroad interchanges with the BNSF Railway in Grafton, North Dakota.

Glasston, North Dakota
Glasston is a farming town located in St. Thomas Township in North Dakota's Pembina County, United States. It consists of a post office, a general store, and a handful of houses. It was established in 1886 as a station along the Great Northern Railroad. Originally called Baltimore, the site was later renamed for Archibald Glass, its first postmaster. The population of the village has rarely exceeded 100 since it was established.

Glasston is located on the west side of US HIghway 81 and by the eastbound of Pembina County Rd 3, approximately midway between Hamilton and Saint Thomas. Even though it is unincorporated, it has a post office with the ZIP code 58236.
2010 Wimbledon Championships – Senior gentlemen's invitation doubles
Pat Cash and Mark Woodforde defeated the defending champions Jeremy Bates and Anders Järryd in the final, 6–2, 7–6(7–5) to win the senior gentlemen's invitation doubles tennis title at the 2010 Wimbledon Championships.

Anders Järryd
Anders Per Järryd (pronounced [ˈânːdɛʂ ˈjæ̂rːyːd]; born 13 July 1961) is a former professional tennis player from Sweden. During his career he won eight Grand Slam doubles titles (three French Open, two Wimbledon, two US Open, one Australian Open), reached the world No. 1 doubles ranking, and achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 5.

Järryd was born in Lidköping, Västra Götaland. He also played bandy in Lidköpings AIK, while growing up.
Dr. S. O. Richardson House
The Dr. S. O. Richardson House is a historic house at 694 Main Street in Wakefield, Massachusetts, United States. Built in the late 1830s, this wood-frame house is one of the finest Greek Revival houses in Wakefield, and was the home of Dr. Solon O. Richardson, a locally prominent physician and real estate developer. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Wakefield, Massachusetts
Wakefield is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, in the greater Boston metropolitan area, incorporated in 1812 and located about 12.5 mi (20.1 km) north-northwest of Downtown Boston. Wakefield's population was 27,090 at the 2020 census. Wakefield offers an assortment of activities around the local lake, Lake Quannapowitt.
1970 Green Bay Packers season
The 1970 Green Bay Packers season was their 52nd season overall and their 50th season in the National Football League. The team finished with a 6–8 record earning them a third consecutive third-place finish in the four-team NFC Central division. It was the third and final season for Phil Bengtson as head coach; he resigned shortly after the season ended.

1968 Green Bay Packers season
The 1968 Green Bay Packers season was their 50th season overall and the 48th season in the National Football League. Under first-year head coach Phil Bengtson, the team finished with a 6–7–1 record, third place in the four-team Central Division of the Western Conference.

It was the Packers' first losing season in a decade, and marked a turning point in team history, starting a long period of futility and decline known as the "Gory Years". From 1968 through 1991, Green Bay had only five winning seasons (1969, 1972, 1978, 1982, 1989), made the playoffs twice (1972, 1982), with one win (1982).

A few weeks after winning Super Bowl II in January 1968, Vince Lombardi stepped down as head coach but remained as general manager, and longtime defensive coordinator Bengston was promoted. Lombardi left after the season for the Washington Redskins.
Frederick II, Count of Zollern
Frederick II, Count of Zollern (died: 1142 or after 1145) was the eldest son of Frederick I, Count of Zollern, and became Count of Zollern after his father's death around 1125.

Frederick II supported Lothar of Supplinburg, who was King of Germany, then Holy Roman Emperor, from 1125 to Lothar's death in 1137 against the House of Hohenstaufen, then supported that same house (and the new German King, Conrad III of Germany) after 1138 against the House of Welf.

It was also at this time that the counts of Zollern were able to greatly increase their possessions in terms of both territory and castles in the southwestern parts of today's Germany, expanding to the Rhine, and lower Danube, as well as adding territory in Alsace and by the Neckar.  All of these possessions were in the form of allodial land. Land held in feudal tenure was added to these outright possessions to form the ancestral territory of the counts of Zollern.

Hohenstaufen
The Hohenstaufen dynasty (/ˈhoʊənʃtaʊfən/, US also /-staʊ-/, German: [ˌhoːənˈʃtaʊfn̩]), also known as the Staufer, was a noble family of German origin that rose to rule the Duchy of Swabia from 1079, and to royal rule in the Holy Roman Empire during the Middle Ages from 1138 until 1254. The dynasty's most prominent rulers – Frederick I (1155), Henry VI (1191) and Frederick II (1220) – ascended the imperial throne and also reigned over Italy and Burgundy. The non-contemporary name of 'Hohenstaufen' is derived from the family's Hohenstaufen Castle on Hohenstaufen mountain at the northern fringes of the Swabian Jura, near the town of Göppingen. Under Hohenstaufen rule, the Holy Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent from 1155 to 1268.
Tauschia hartwegii
Tauschia hartwegii is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common name Hartweg's umbrellawort. It is endemic to California, where it is known from the Sierra Nevada foothills and some of the Central Coast Ranges. Its habitat includes coniferous woodlands and chaparral. It is a perennial herb growing 30 centimeters to one meter tall. It is coated in short, rough hairs. The leaves have blades which are divided into oval leaflets with serrated edges and borne on long petioles. The inflorescence is a compound umbel of yellow flowers with up to 30 unequal rays measuring 2 to 12 centimeters long each. The fruit is somewhat rounded in shape, ribbed, and under a centimeter long.

California Coast Ranges
The Coast Ranges of California span 400 miles (644 km) from Del Norte or Humboldt County, California, south to Santa Barbara County. The other three coastal California mountain ranges are the Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges and the Klamath Mountains.

Physiographically, they are a section of the larger Pacific Border province, which in turn is part of the larger Pacific Mountain System physiographic division. UNESCO has included the "California Coast Ranges Biosphere Reserve" in its Man and the Biosphere Programme of World Network of Biosphere Reserves since 1983.
Kefefs
The Kefefs (Greek: Κηφεύς) or Kifefs, Kefeus is a Greek-made bolt-action sniper rifle designed by Hellenic Arms Industry in 1986 and named after X the king of the Arcadian settlement of Tegea. The Kefefs fires rounds chambered in 7.62×51mm NATO.

Sniper rifle
A sniper rifle is a high-precision, long-range rifle. Requirements include high accuracy, reliability, mobility, concealment, and optics, for anti-personnel, anti-materiel and surveillance uses by military snipers. The modern sniper rifle is a portable shoulder-fired rifle with either a bolt action or semi-automatic action, fitted with a telescopic sight for extreme accuracy and chambered for a high-ballistic performance centerfire cartridge.