hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cities (TV series)
Cities is a Canadian documentary television series broadcast on CBC Television from 1979 to 1980. Produced and directed by John McGreevy, the series featured a celebrity who would appear in an episode profiling a personal favourite city or more specific location.

The series premiere featured Peter Ustinov profiling Leningrad, Russia. Later episodes included Glenn Gould in Toronto, Elie Wiesel in Jerusalem, R. D. Laing in Glasgow, Anthony Burgess in Rome, Mai Zetterling in Stockholm, George Plimpton in New York City, Germaine Greer in Sydney, John Huston in Dublin, Jonathan Miller in London, Melina Mercouri in Athens, Studs Terkel in Chicago, and Hildegard Knef in Berlin.

Gould's episode received three Genie Award nominations at the 1st Genie Awards, for Outstanding Independent Film, Non-Dramatic Script and Outstanding Documentary - 30 Minutes and Over.

Hildegard Knef
Hildegard Frieda Albertine Knef (German: [ˈhɪldəɡaʁt ˈkneːf] ⓘ; 28 December 1925 – 1 February 2002) was a German actress, singer, and writer. She was billed in some English-language films as Hildegard Neff or Hildegarde Neff.
Titta Ruffo
Titta Ruffo (9 June 1877 – 5 July 1953), born as Ruffo Cafiero (double forename) Titta, was an Italian operatic baritone who had a major international singing career. Known as the "Voce del leone" ("voice of the lion"), he was greatly admired, even by rival baritones, such as Giuseppe De Luca, who said of Ruffo: "His was not a voice, it was a miracle" (although not often published is the second part of De Luca's conclusion "which he [Ruffo] bawled away..."), and Victor Maurel, the creator of Verdi's Iago and Falstaff. Maurel said that the notes of Ruffo's upper register were the most glorious baritone sounds he had ever heard (see Pleasants, cited below). Indeed Walter Legge, the prominent classical record producer, went so far as to call Ruffo "a genius".

Victor Maurel
Victor Maurel (17 June 1848 – 22 October 1923) was a French baritone who enjoyed an international reputation in opera. He sang in opera houses in Paris and London, Milan, Moscow, New York, St Petersburg and many other venues. He was particularly associated with the operas of Verdi and created leading characters in the premieres of the composer's final operas, as Iago in Otello (1887) and in the title role of Falstaff (1893). He was also known for his portrayal of Mozart's Don Giovanni, and won Wagner's praise for his performances in  Lohengrin, Tannhäuser and Der fliegende Holländer. After retiring from the stage he taught singing in Paris, London and New York.
Daniel David Ellis
Daniel David Ellis (January 6, 1860 – 1927) was a physician and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Moosomin in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan from 1905 to 1908 as a Provincial Rights Party member.

He was born in Wallace, Canada West, the son of Elijah Ellis, a native of Ireland, and was educated there, in Listowel and at the University of Toronto. In 1899, Ellis married Wilhelmina, the daughter of John George Hess. Ellis served as medical health officer for Stratford, Ontario and was a surgeon for the Perth County militia. Ellis served as provincial Grand Master for the Orange Lodge in Saskatchewan. He was defeated by Alexander S. Smith when he ran for reelection to the Saskatchewan assembly in 1908.

Listowel, Ontario
Listowel /ˈlɪstəwəl/ is an unincorporated community in Ontario, Canada, located in the Municipality of North Perth. Incorporated as the Town of Listowel in 1875, it was dissolved in 1998 following amalgamation with several other communities in the northern section of Perth County. Its population was 9,539 at the Canada 2021 Census in a land area of 6.73 square kilometres; at the time there were 3,910 occupied dwellings.
Crossmichael
Crossmichael (Scottish Gaelic: Crois Mhìcheil) is a small village on the east side of Loch Ken in the historical county of Kirkcudbrightshire, about 4 miles (6.4 km) north of Castle Douglas in Scotland.

Crossmichael is also the name of the civil parish in Kirkcudbrightshire, in the district council region of Dumfries and Galloway.

Loch Ken
Loch Ken is a 9 miles (14 km) long freshwater loch in the historic county of Kirkcudbrightshire in  Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland.  It lies in the Glenkens, where it is fed from the north by the Water of Ken and from the west by the Dee. It continues as the Dee south from Glenlochar, where the water is held back by the Glenlochar Barrage.  Part of the Galloway hydro-electric power scheme, the barrage regulates the river's flow.
Carl F. Kraenzel
Carl Frederick Kraenzel (November 1, 1906 – July 26, 1980) was an American sociologist.  Most of Kraenzel's work focuses on the people of the Great Plains, covering a range of topics including quality of life, power relations, resource use, and mental health. Kraenzel has been widely published in  a variety of professional journals, monographs, research bulletins, special reports, and books in the fields of rural sociology, Great Plains sociology, and natural resource sociology.  His best known work, The Great Plains in Transition, describes the challenges of social life and connections to the natural environments in the North American semiarid region located between the 98th meridian and the Rocky Mountains. While Kraenzel may not have been a historian, The Great Plains in Transition has greatly influenced the study of Great Plains history.

98th meridian west
The meridian 98° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, North America, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

The 98th meridian west forms a great circle with the 82nd meridian east.
Oussama Sellami
Oussama Sellami (born 22 June 1979) is a Tunisian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder for Stade Tunisien and Club Africain. He made eight appearances for the Tunisia national team.

He made his international debut for Tunisia on 15 November 2000 against Switzerland.

Club Africain
Club Africain (Arabic: النادي الإفريقي), known as CA for short, is a Tunisian professional football club based in Tunis. The club was founded in 1920 and its colours are red and white. Their home stadium, Hammadi Agrebi Stadium, has a capacity of 60,000 spectators. The club currently plays in the Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1.

Club Africain, as some of its founding fathers affirm, is the natural extension of the Stade africain (association founded in 1915 and dissolved in 1918) of which it retains the colors, the spirit, part of the name as well as a core of players (particularly Mohamed Soudani).

Club Africain was the first Tunisian club to win an international trophy, when they won the Maghreb Cup Winners Cup in 1971. Twenty years later, in 1991, Club Africain became the first Tunisian team to win the African Champions League.
Moser's trick
In differential geometry, a branch of mathematics, Moser's trick (or Moser's argument) is a method to relate two differential forms  and  on a smooth manifold by a diffeomorphism  such that , provided that one can find a family of vector fields satisfying a certain ODE.

More generally, the argument holds for a family  and produce an entire isotopy  such that .

It was originally given by Jürgen Moser in 1965 to check when two volume forms are equivalent, but its main applications are in symplectic geometry. It is the standard argument for the modern proof of Darboux's theorem, as well as for the proof of Darboux-Weinstein theorem and other normal form results.

Homotopy
In topology, two continuous functions from one topological space to another are called homotopic (from Ancient Greek: ὁμός homós 'same, similar' and τόπος tópos 'place') if one can be "continuously deformed" into the other, such a deformation being called a homotopy (/həˈmɒtəpiː/ hə-MOT-ə-pee; /ˈhoʊmoʊˌtoʊpiː/ HOH-moh-toh-pee) between the two functions. A notable use of homotopy is the definition of homotopy groups and cohomotopy groups, important invariants in algebraic topology.

In practice, there are technical difficulties in using homotopies with certain spaces. Algebraic topologists work with compactly generated spaces, CW complexes, or spectra.
Redha Abujabarah
Redha Abujabarah (born 27 October 1997) is a Kuwaiti football player who plays for Kuwait SC and the Kuwait national team.

On 5 September 2019, Abujabarrah scored his first goal for Kuwait at the 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification against Nepal in a 7–0 victory.

Nepal national football team
The Nepal national football team (Nepali: नेपाल राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टिम) represents Nepal in International men's football, and is governed by the All Nepal Football Association (ANFA). A member of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), the Nepali football team plays their home games at Dasharath Stadium in Kathmandu.
José de Jesús Vera
José de Jesús Vera (Spanish pronunciation: [xoˈse ˈβera], born 9 February 1969) is a retired Venezuelan professional footballer who played five seasons for Unión Atlético Maracaibo and was called–up by José Omar Pastoriza for play the 1999 Copa América celebrated in the country of Paraguay with his national team. He has that facts mentioned as one of his football career's most important moments.

1999 Copa América
The 1999 Copa América was a football tournament held in Paraguay, from 29 June to 18 July. It was organized by CONMEBOL, South America's football governing body.

In order to bring the number of competing teams to twelve, CONMEBOL invited CONCACAF's Mexico, accepting their fourth invitation, and AFC's Japan, who made their debut at the tournament. Japan thus became the first country outside of Americas to participate at the Copa América. Uruguay fielded a youth team.
Arabhavi Assembly constituency
Arabhavi Assembly constituency is one of the 224 constituencies in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly of Karnataka, a southern state of India. It is a segment of Belagavi Lok Sabha constituency. It is in Belgaum district.

Karnataka Legislative Assembly
The Karnataka Legislative Assembly (formerly the Mysore Legislative Assembly) is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of the southern Indian state of Karnataka. Karnataka is one of the six states in India where the state legislature is bicameral, comprising two houses: the Vidhan Sabha (lower house) and the Vidhan Parishad (upper house).

There are 224 Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) and are directly elected  through adult franchise. Karnataka is thus divided into 224 constituencies to elect members to the Assembly, each constituency electing one member. The assembly is elected using the simple plurality or "first past the post" electoral system. The elections are conducted by the Election Commission of India.
Tom Bass (horse trainer)
Tom Bass (January 5, 1859 – November 4, 1934) was an American Saddlebred horse trainer. Bass was born into slavery, but became one of the most popular horse trainers of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Bass trained the influential Saddlebred stallion Rex McDonald, as well as horses owned by Buffalo Bill Cody, Theodore Roosevelt, and Will Rogers.

Mexico, Missouri
Mexico, formerly known as New Mexico, is a city in and the county seat of Audrain County, Missouri, United States. It is home to the Missouri Military Academy and annually hosts the Miss Missouri Pageant. The city's population was 11,469 at the 2020 census. The micropolitan statistical area consists of Audrain County. It is a part of the Columbia, Missouri metropolitan area.
Carlmann Kolb
Carlmann Kolb (29 January 1703 – 15 January 1765) was a German priest, organist, and composer.

He was born in Kösslarn, Griesbach, Lower Bavaria, and educated in Asbach  and Landshut. He was ordained a priest in 1729 at the Benedictine Asbach Abbey, and was also appointed organist there. He acted as tutor to the family of the Count of Tattenbach-Reinstein in Munich, and received his patronage. He died in Munich.

His known works are the Sinfonia in F major for harpsichord and strings, which is lost, and the Certamen aonium (Augsburg, 1733), composed of a prelude, three verses in the form of short fughettas and a cadenza on each of the church modes. The style shows influence by Franz Xaver Murschhauser and Gottlieb Muffat. Modern editions have been published in Altötting, 1959, ed. R. Walter, and Heidelberg, 1960.

Cadenza
In music, a cadenza (from Italian: cadenza [kaˈdɛntsa], meaning cadence; plural, cadenze [kaˈdɛntse]) is, generically, an improvised or written-out ornamental passage played or sung by a soloist(s), usually in a "free" rhythmic style, and often allowing virtuosic display. During this time, the accompaniment will rest or sustain a note or chord. Thus, an improvised cadenza is indicated in written notation by a fermata in all parts. A cadenza will usually occur over either the final or penultimate note in a piece, the lead-in (German: Eingang), or the final or penultimate note in an important subsection of a piece. A cadenza can also be found before a final coda or ritornello.
Lu AA-33810
Lu AA-33810 is a drug developed by Lundbeck, which acts as a potent and highly selective antagonist for the neuropeptide Y receptor Y5, with a Ki of 1.5nM and around 3300x selectivity over the related Y1, Y2 and Y4 receptors. In animal studies it produced anorectic, antidepressant and anxiolytic effects, and further research is now being conducted into its possible medical application in the treatment of eating disorders.

Anorectic
An anorectic is a drug that reduces appetite, resulting in lower food consumption, leading to weight loss. These substances work by affecting the central nervous system or certain neurotransmitters to create a feeling of fullness or reduce the desire to eat. The understanding of anorexiant effects is crucial in the development of interventions for weight management, eating disorders, and related health concerns. The anorexiant effect can be induced through diverse mechanisms, ranging from hormonal regulation to neural signaling. Ghrelin, leptin, and peptide YY are among the hormones involved in appetite control. Additionally, neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine in the central nervous system contribute significantly to the regulation of food intake.

By contrast, an appetite stimulant is referred to as orexigenic.

The term is (from the Greek ἀν- an- 'without' and ὄρεξις órexis 'appetite'), and such drugs are also known as anorexigenic, anorexiant, or appetite suppressant.
1,10-Phenanthroline
1,10-Phenanthroline (phen) is a heterocyclic organic compound. It is a white solid that is soluble in organic solvents. The 1,10 refers to the location of the nitrogen atoms that replace CH's in the hydrocarbon called phenanthrene.

Abbreviated "phen", or sometimes "o-phen" for ortho-phenanthroline, it is used as a ligand in coordination chemistry, forming strong complexes with most metal ions. It is often sold as the monohydrate.

Hydrate
In chemistry, a hydrate is a substance that contains water or its constituent elements. The chemical state of the water varies widely between different classes of hydrates, some of which were so labeled before their chemical structure was understood.
Urban Learning Foundation
The Urban Learning Foundation (ULF) was an educational outreach charity on the East India Dock Road, Poplar in London's East End. It was started in 1973 as a joint venture between the College of St Mark and St John in Plymouth and the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation.  The ULF became a campus of the University of Gloucestershire in September 2003, providing teacher training and school placement programmes and student residential accommodation.

East India Dock Road
East India Dock Road is a major arterial route from Limehouse to Canning Town in London. The road takes its name from the former East India Docks in the Port of London. To the west it becomes Commercial Road and to the east Newham Way. It forms part of the A13, a major road connecting the historic City of London to Tilbury and Southend.
European High-Performance Computing Joint Undertaking
The European High-Performance Computing Joint Undertaking (EuroHPC JU) is a public-private partnership in high-performance computing (HPC), enabling the pooling of European Union–level resources with the resources of participating EU member states and participating associated states of the Horizon Europe and Digital Europe programmes, as well as private stakeholders. The Joint Undertaking has the twin stated aims of developing a pan-European supercomputing infrastructure, and supporting research and innovation activities. Located in Luxembourg City, Luxembourg, the Joint Undertaking started operating in November 2018 under the control of the European Commission and became autonomous in 2020.

Maribor
Maribor (UK: /ˈmærɪbɔːr/ MARR-ib-or, US: /ˈmɑːr-/ MAR-, Slovene: [ˈmáːɾibɔɾ] ⓘ; also known by other historical names) is the second-largest city in Slovenia and the largest city of the traditional region of Lower Styria. It is the seat of the Urban Municipality of Maribor and the Drava Statistical Region. Maribor is also the economic, administrative, educational, and cultural centre of eastern Slovenia.

Maribor was first mentioned as a castle in 1164, as a settlement in 1209, and as a city in 1254. Like most Slovene ethnic territory, Maribor was under Habsburg rule until 1918, when Rudolf Maister and his men secured the city for the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, which then joined the Kingdom of Serbia to form the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In 1991 Maribor became part of independent Slovenia.

Maribor, along with the Portuguese city of Guimarães, was selected as the European Capital of Culture for 2012.
Ferdinand Lot
Ferdinand Victor Henri Lot (Le Plessis Piquet, 20 September 1866 – Fontenay-aux-Roses, 20 July 1952) was a French historian and medievalist. His masterpiece, The End of the Ancient World and the Beginnings of the Middle Ages (1927), presents an alternative account of the fall of the Roman Empire than does Edward Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, which had set the tone for Enlightenment scholarship in blaming the fall of classical civilization on Christianity.

Lot was a member of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, part of the Institut de France, and an honorary professor at the Sorbonne.

Lot married the Russian-French medieval scholar Myrrha Lot-Borodine in 1909.

The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, sometimes shortened to Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, is a six-volume work by the English historian Edward Gibbon. The six volumes cover, from 98 to 1590, the peak of the Roman Empire, the history of early Christianity and its emergence as the Roman state religion, the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the rise of Genghis Khan and Tamerlane and the fall of Byzantium, as well as discussions on the ruins of Ancient Rome.

Volume I was first published in February 1776 by William Strahan and Thomas Cadell. It was reissued in a succession of six revised editions between 1776 and 1789. Volumes II and III appeared in 1781, and the final three volumes (IV–VI) were issued together in 1788. All six volumes of the first edition were published in quarto; later octavo reprints followed from 1783 onward.
Mittelschwaben
Mittelschwaben is a part of the Bavarian administrative region Swabia. It consists of the districts Günzburg, Neu-Ulm, Unterallgäu and the district-free town Memmingen.

The name Mittelschwaben was created in the 19th century to distinguish the Bavarian parts of Oberschwaben from the Baden-Württembergian.

Administrative division
Administrative divisions (also administrative units, administrative regions, subnational entities, or constituent states, as well as many similar generic terms) are geographical areas into which a particular independent sovereign state is divided. Such a unit usually has an administrative authority with the power to take administrative or policy decisions for its area. Administrative divisions are often used as polygons in geospatial analysis.
Brighton and Lewes Downs Biosphere Reserve
The Living Coast (formerly the Brighton and Lewes Downs Biosphere Reserve, established 2014) is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve located in Sussex on the southeast coast of England near the city of Brighton and Hove. Forming a central unit of the hills of the South Downs National Park, it is centred on the Brighton chalk block that lies between the River Adur in the west and the River Ouse in the east. Chalk downland makes up the principal terrestrial landscape of the area, bounded at each end by the two river valleys. The coastline is dominated by high chalk cliffs in the east and urbanized plains in the west, running to the estuary of the River Adur at Shoreham-by-Sea.

Chalk
Chalk is a soft, white, porous, sedimentary carbonate rock. It is a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite and originally formed under the sea by the accumulation and lithification of hard parts of organisms, mostly microscopic plankton, which had settled to the sea floor. Chalk is common throughout Western Europe, where deposits underlie parts of France, and steep cliffs are often seen where they meet the sea in places such as the Dover cliffs on the Kent coast of the English Channel.

Chalk is mined for use in industry, such as for quicklime, bricks and builder's putty, and in agriculture, for raising pH in soils with high acidity. It is also used for "blackboard chalk" for writing and drawing on various types of surfaces, although these can also be manufactured from other carbonate-based minerals, or gypsum.
Donie Church
The Donie Church (Romanian: Biserica Adormirea Maicii Domnului - Donie) is a Romanian Orthodox church located at 6 Maior Gheorghe Pastia Street in Focșani, Romania. It is dedicated to the Dormition of the Theotokos.

The church is named after its ktetor, a Captain Donie of the border guards. It is trefoil in shape, with an originally open porch, a narthex, nave and altar. The porch initially featured semicircular arches resting on round stone columns. The facades are divided into two registers by a row of bricks above the windows. The area under the roof is slightly profiled, and features a row of cloverleaf-shaped recesses painted with saints’ portraits. The windows are surrounded by stone frames richly decorated with plant motifs.

The church is listed as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs, which supplies a construction date of 1708–1712.

Ktetor
Ktetor (Greek: κτήτωρ) or ktitor (Cyrillic: ктитор; Georgian: ქტიტორი kt’it’ori; Romanian: ctitor), meaning 'founder', is a title given in the Middle Ages in the Byzantine sphere to the provider of funds for construction or reconstruction of an Eastern Orthodox church or monastery, for the addition of icons, frescos, and other works of art. The Catholic equivalent of the term is donator. At the time of founding, the ktetor often issued typika, and was illustrated on frescoes ("ktetor portrait"). The female form is ktetorissa (Greek: κτητόρισσα) or ktitoritsa (Cyrillic: ктиторица).

The donator or renovator of churches are known as "second ktetor" or "new ktetor" (Serbian: Други ктитор, нови ктитор).
Samuel Remy
Samuel Remy (born 23 October 1973) is a former Belgian professional footballer, who last played for Wallonia Walhain.

Remy played several seasons with Charleroi at the highest level of Belgian football, featuring in 123 games and scoring 19 goals. Thereafter he mainly played for Tubize and OH Leuven in the Belgian Second Division.

Royale Union Tubize-Braine
Royale Union Tubize-Braine, also known as Tubize-Braine or RUTB, is a Belgian football club based in the cities of Tubize and Braine-le-Comte. The team set to play in Belgian National Division 1 from 2024–25, third tier of Belgian football after promotion from Belgian Division 2 in 2023–24.