hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ironsides Island
Ironsides Island is an uninhabited rocky island in the Saint Lawrence River, and part of the Thousand Islands region near Alexandria Bay, New York. It is in both Jefferson and St. Lawrence counties. Most of the island lies in the town of Alexandria, in Jefferson County, while its northeasternmost corner lies in the town of Hammond, in St. Lawrence County. The island is located near Kring Point State Park.

The 30-acre (12 ha) island has 30-to-40-foot (9 to 12 m) cliffs along its waterfront, and its vegetation is dominated by white pine trees. It was donated by former Reader's Digest ad executive William Browning to The Nature Conservancy in the late 1960s to ensure protection of the island's great blue heron rookery. Over a thousand herons return to breed every April.  It was declared a National Natural Landmark in 1967.

Prior permission from The Nature Conservancy is required to land on the island, but it can easily be viewed from the water.

Rookery
A rookery is a colony of breeding rooks, and more broadly a colony of several types of breeding animals, generally gregarious birds.

Coming from the nesting habits of rooks, the term is used for corvids and the breeding grounds of colony-forming seabirds, marine mammals (true seals or sea lions), and even some turtles. Rooks (northern-European and central-Asian members of the crow family) have multiple nests in prominent colonies at the tops of trees. Paleontological evidence points to the existence of rookery-like colonies in the pterosaur Pterodaustro.

The term rookery was also borrowed as a name for dense slum housing in nineteenth-century cities, especially in London.
Himmatsinhji M. K.
Himmatsinhji M. K. (9 October 1928 – 22 February 2008) was a noted ornithologist, politician and scion of the erstwhile Jadeja ruling family of Kutch, who was member of 3rd Lok Sabha from Kutch.

Himmatsinhji also served as trustee of Ashapura Mata temple at Mata no Madh and Narayan Sarovar Temples.

Ashapura Mata
Ashapura Mata is an aspect of Devi, a Hindu goddess. She is one of the kuldevis of Kutch and Rajasthan, and the Jadeja clan of Gujarat, Chauhans and Patiyats inhabiting the western Indian provinces. She is a goddess regarded to fulfill the wishes of her adherents.

Her temples are mainly found in Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. She is considered to be an expansion of goddess Shakambhari Devi.

Rajput Kuldevi
Grass coquí
The grass coquí or coquí de las hierbas (Eleutherodactylus brittoni) is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae, endemic to Puerto Rico.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, plantations, rural gardens, and heavily degraded former forest.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

Forest degradation
Forest degradation is a process in which the biological wealth of a forest area is permanently diminished by some factor or by a combination of factors. "This does not involve a reduction of the forest area, but rather a quality decrease in its condition." The forest is still there, but with fewer trees, or fewer species of trees, plants or animals, or some of them affected by plagues. This degradation makes the forest less valuable and may lead to deforestation. Forest degradation is a type of the more general issue of land degradation. Deforestation and forest degradation continue to take place at alarming rates, which contributes significantly to the ongoing loss of biodiversity.
2006 Sony Ericsson Bangalore Open
The 2006 Sony Ericsson Bangalore Open was a WTA women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Bangalore, Karnataka, India from 13 February until 19 February 2006. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and part of the Tier III category of the 2006 WTA Tour. Third-seeded Mara Santangelo won the singles title.

WTA Tier III tournaments
The WTA Tier III tournaments were Women's Tennis Association tennis third-level tournaments held from 1990 until the end of the 2008 season. The line-up of events varied over the years due to tournaments being promoted, demoted or cancelled.

From 2009, most Tier III and Tier IV tournaments from previous seasons became WTA International Tournaments owing to a category change. The main reason for the changes was to ease the pressure on players in terms of the number of tournaments that they were required to play.
Weissenstein Tunnel
The Weissenstein Tunnel is a 3,701 metres (12,142 ft) long, single-track railway tunnel on the Solothurn–Moutier railway line, built by the former Solothurn-Münster-Bahn. It passes under the 1,395-meter-high Weissenstein as a Jura crossing.

Weissenstein
The Weissenstein (1,395 m [4,577 ft]) is a mountain of the Jura, located north of Solothurn in the Swiss canton of Solothurn. The culminating point of the chain is distinguished by the name Röti. It is the easternmost summit above 1,300 metres in the Jura Mountains.

Until the end of 2009, there was a 2,339-metre (7,674 ft) chairlift from Oberdorf to the spa hotel on the 1,284-metre-high (4,213 ft) summit near the Weissenstein Pass. It was replaced by a gondola lift at the end of 2014. The tunnel of the railway line Solothurn–Moutier from Oberdorf to Gänsbrunnen on the other side was opened in 1908. The gondola lift crosses the railway track in front of the tunnel portal at Oberdorf, which is the only setting of this kind in Switzerland.

The pass road leading from the village of Oberdorf across the Weissenstein Pass (1,279 m [4,196 ft]) to Gänsbrunnen is one of the steepest in Switzerland (22%).
Petrovouni, Ioannina
Petrovouni (Greek: Πετροβούνι, meaning "rocky mountain", before 1927: Βασταβέτσι - Vastavetsi) is a village in the municipal unit of Tzoumerka (Ioannina, Epirus), Greece. It is situated on a mountainside of the Athamanika mountains, above the left bank of the river Arachthos, at 1,030 m elevation. It is 3 km north of Chouliarades, 9 km west of Syrrako and 17 km southeast of Ioannina. Its population is 87 people (2021 census).

Ioannina (regional unit)
Ioannina (Greek: Περιφερειακή ενότητα Ιωαννίνων) is one of the regional units of Greece, located in the northwestern part of the country.

It is part of the region of Epirus. Its capital is the city of Ioannina. It is the largest regional unit in Epirus, and one of the largest regional units of Greece, with a population of 160,773 people, according to the 2021 census.
2019 Launceston Tennis International
The 2019 Launceston Tennis International was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the fifth (men) and eighth (women) editions of the tournament which was part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2019 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Launceston, Tasmania, Australia between 28 January and 3 February 2019.

Isabelle Wallace
Isabelle Wallace (born 7 September 1996) is a Scottish-Australian former tennis player.

She made her WTA Tour main-draw debut at the 2018 Australian Open, after being awarded a wildcard into the women's doubles with Naiktha Bains.

Wallace has career-high WTA rankings of No. 243 in singles, achieved on 15 January 2018, and 326 in doubles, set in November 2017. She won six singles and two doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.
Marine biogenic calcification
Marine biogenic calcification is the production of calcium carbonate by organisms in the global ocean.

Marine biogenic calcification is the biologically mediated process by which marine organisms produce and deposit calcium carbonate minerals to form skeletal structures or hard tissues. This process is a fundamental aspect of the life cycle of some marine organisms, including corals, mollusks, foraminifera, certain types of plankton, and other calcifying marine invertebrates. The resulting structures, such as shells, skeletons, and coral reefs, function as protection, support, and shelter and create some of the most biodiverse habitats in the world. Marine biogenic calcifiers also play a key role in the biological carbon pump and the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients, alkalinity, and organic matter.

Aragonite
Aragonite is a carbonate mineral and one of the three most common naturally occurring crystal forms of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), the others being calcite and vaterite. It is formed by biological and physical processes, including precipitation from marine and freshwater environments.

The crystal lattice of aragonite differs from that of calcite, resulting in a different crystal shape, an orthorhombic crystal system with acicular crystal. Repeated twinning results in pseudo-hexagonal forms. Aragonite may be columnar or fibrous, occasionally in branching helictitic forms called flos-ferri ("flowers of iron") from their association with the ores at the Carinthian iron mines.
Ogden–Roxburgh model
The Ogden–Roxburgh model is an approach published in 1999 which extends hyperelastic material models to allow for the Mullins effect. It is used in several commercial finite element codes, and is named after R.W. Ogden and D. G. Roxburgh. The fundamental idea of the approach can already be found in a paper by De Souza Neto et al. from 1994.

The basis of pseudo-elastic material models is a hyperelastic second Piola–Kirchhoff stress , which is derived from a suitable strain energy density function :

The key idea of pseudo-elastic material models is that the stress during the first loading process is equal to the basic stress . Upon unloading and reloading  is multiplied by a positive softening function . The function  thereby depends on the strain energy  of the current load and its maximum  in the history of the material:

It was shown that this idea can also be used to extend arbitrary inelastic material models for softening effects.

Raymond Ogden
Raymond William Ogden FRS (born 19 September 1943) is a British applied mathematician. He is the George Sinclair Professor of Mathematics at the Department of Mathematics and Statistics of the University of Glasgow.
National Colonization
National Colonization can refer to:

Colonization Societies to repatriate slaves, including National Colonization Society of America

A plan implemented by Australia's National Colonization Society; see History of South Australia

The General Colonization Law, part of the 1824 Constitution of Mexico for claiming land in Mexican Texas for Mexico

General Colonization Law
The General Colonization Law was a law enacted by the Congress of the Union on 18 August 1824. Its purpose was to attract foreigners in order to increase the population, transform the country, and improve the economy. To achieve this objective, it was considered necessary to support the immigration of foreigners by granting them certain benefits, such as ownership of land to cultivate, as well as personal security and protection of their property. The law was part of a series of proposals presented between 1821 and 1824 aimed at improving Mexico’s overall situation.
Santa María del Mar (Castrillón)
Santa María del Mar (Asturian: El Puertu; officially Santa María del Mar / El Puertu) is one of eight parishes (administrative divisions) in Castrillón, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

Parish (administrative division)
A parish is an administrative division used by several countries. To distinguish it from an ecclesiastical parish, the term civil parish is used in some jurisdictions, as noted below.

The table below lists countries which use this administrative division:
Dave Brown (Minnesota politician)
David M. Brown (born June 26, 1961) is a Minnesota politician and former member of the Minnesota Senate. A member of the Republican Party of Minnesota, he represented District 15, which included portions of Benton, Kanabec, Mille Lacs, Morrison, Sherburne and Wright counties in the central part of the state. The district also included the trust lands of the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe and Grand Casino Mille Lacs.

Wright County, Minnesota
Wright County is a county in the East Central part of the U.S. state of Minnesota. The population was 141,337 at the 2020 census, then growing to an estimated 154,593 in 2024. Its county seat is Buffalo. The county was founded in 1855. Wright County is part of the Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area. In terms of population, Wright County is the tenth-largest county in Minnesota and the fastest growing.
Highgrove Florilegium
The Highgrove Florilegium: Watercolours depicting plants grown in the garden at Highgrove is a two-volume book of botanical illustrations recording plants in the garden of Charles III, the then Prince of Wales, at Highgrove House in Gloucestershire, England. The volumes, published in 2008 and 2009, contain 124 watercolours painted by invited leading botanical artists from around the world. The colour plates are reproduced in their original size from watercolour drawings. The publication is a limited edition of 175 sets, each signed by the Prince and all the royalties from the Highgrove Florilegium are donated to The Prince's Charities Foundation. The text is by Christopher Humphries and Frederick J. Rumsey and the preface is by the Prince of Wales. The publisher is Addison Publications. Each set is accompanied by a handmade green felt book cover with maroon ties.

King Charles III Charitable Fund
King Charles III Charitable Fund (KCCF), formerly known as The Prince of Wales's Charitable Fund, is a United Kingdom-based charity fund. It provides grants to charity organisations in the United Kingdom and internationally. Grantee organisations vary in focus but fall under the umbrella of one of the fund's designated funding themes.

The fund was founded by King Charles III, then Prince of Wales, in 1979. At King Charles III's accession, the fund adopted its new name.
Paul G. Socken
Paul G. Socken (born 1945) is a professor emeritus at the University of Waterloo in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada and a leading scholar on the work of French-Canadian author Gabrielle Roy.  He is also the founder of the department of Jewish Studies at the University of Waterloo.

Socken holds a B.A. and a Ph.D. (1974) from the University of Toronto.  He is a specialist in French-Canadian literature, particularly in the novel. He has done research on the thematic and stylistic aspects of Gabrielle Roy's writing and currently publishes in the area of mythology and French-Canadian literature.

Currently, Socken is an occasional columnist for the Canadian Jewish News.

Waterloo, Ontario
Waterloo is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is one of three cities in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo (formerly Waterloo County). Waterloo is situated about 94 km (58 mi) west-southwest of Toronto, but it is not considered to be part of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). Due to the close proximity of the city of Kitchener to Waterloo, the two together are often referred to as "Kitchener–Waterloo", "K-W", or "The Twin Cities". Nearby Cambridge, Ontario is also sometimes grouped in, creating KWC or "Tri-cities".

While several unsuccessful attempts to combine the municipalities of Kitchener and Waterloo have been made, following the 1973 establishment of the Region of Waterloo, less motivation to do so existed, and as a result, Waterloo remains an independent city. At the time of the 2021 census, the population of Waterloo was 121,436.
Dunwich Group
The Dunwich Group is a Pleistocene lithostratigraphic group (a sequence of rock strata or other definable geological units) present in England north of the upper Thames and, downstream, a line drawn east from near Marlow to Clacton-on-Sea and which encompasses river terrace deposits of the Proto-Thames and other rivers. It unconformably overlies Triassic to Pleistocene bedrock and superficial deposits. In turn, it is often overlain by deposits of the Albion Glacigenic Group and sometimes by those of the Britannia Catchments Group or British Coastal Deposits Group and interfingers in places with those of the Crag Group. No deposits potentially assignable to the group have been identified north of East Anglia or the English Midlands; they are likely to have been destroyed or removed by glacial action.

Clacton-on-Sea
Clacton-on-Sea, often simply called Clacton,  is a coastal town in the county of Essex, on the east coast of England. It is located on the Tendring Peninsula and is the largest settlement in the Tendring District, with a population of 53,200 (2021). The town is situated around 77 miles (124 kilometres) northeast of London, 16 mi (26 km) southeast of Colchester and 16 mi (26 km) south of Harwich.

The area was historically in the parish of Great Clacton. The development of the seaside resort began in the 1870s and was called Clacton-on-Sea to distinguish it from the older village about 1 mile (1.6 km) inland. Great Clacton and Clacton-on-Sea were always administered together, forming a single urban district called Clacton between 1895 and 1974. The two settlements gradually merged into a single urban area during the twentieth century.

It lies within the United Kingdom Parliament constituency of Clacton.
Apeland
Apeland is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Åsmund Apeland (1930–2010), Norwegian politician

Carl Øyvind Apeland (b. 1964), Norwegian musician

Knut Tore Apeland (b. 1968), Norwegian skier

Ola S. Apeland (b. 1964), Norwegian politician

Sigbjørn Apeland (b. 1966), Norwegian musician

Åsmund Apeland
Åsmund Apeland (24 March 1930 – 17 October 2010) was a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party.

He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Rogaland during the term 1969–1973. In total he met during 10 days of parliamentary session.
Chico García
Vinicio "Chico" García Uzcanga (24 December 1924 – 17 August 2007) was a Mexican professional baseball second baseman and manager. He played in Major League Baseball for the Baltimore Orioles during the 1954 season. Listed at 5' 8", 170 lb., García batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Veracruz City, Mexico.

Outside of MLB, García enjoyed a distinguished baseball career that spanned five different decades, first as a player from 1946 to 1970, then as manager from 1966 to 1984. In the Mexican League, he played most of his career with Rojos del Águila de Veracruz and Sultanes de Monterrey.

El Águila de Veracruz
El Águila de Veracruz (English: The Eagle of Veracruz) is a professional baseball team that plays in the Mexican League. Based in Veracruz, Mexico, they play their home games at the Estadio Universitario Beto Ávila.
Aleksey Kuznetsov (politician)
Aleksey Borisovich Kuznetsov (Russian: Алексей Борисович Кузнецов; born on 25 August 1971), is a Russian statesman and manager, who is the First Deputy Director of the Industrial Development Fund since 2020.

He had served as the acting governor of Kirov Oblast in 2016, and had served as the vice governor of the region from 2012 to 2016.

Kirov Oblast
Kirov Oblast (Russian: Кировская область, romanized: Kirovskaya oblast', IPA: [ˈkʲirəfskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) located in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is the city of Kirov. As of the 2010 census, the population is 1,341,312.
Einar Landvik
Einar Aslaksen Landvik (25 March 1898 – 27 November 1993) was a Norwegian Nordic skier who won the Holmenkollen medal in 1925.

He was born in Kviteseid and died in Tinn.

Landvik finished fifth in both the 18 km cross-country event and the individual ski jumping at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix.

He won bronze in the nordic combined at the 1926 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Lahti.

Tinn
Tinn is a municipality in Telemark county, Norway. It is located in the traditional districts of Aust-Telemark and Upper Telemark. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Rjukan. Some of the villages in Tinn include Atrå, Austbygde, Hovin, and Miland.

The 2,045-square-kilometre (790 sq mi) municipality is the 34th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Tinn is the 172nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 5,546. The municipality's population density is 3 inhabitants per square kilometre (7.8/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 7.1% over the previous 10-year period.

The Krossobanen is the oldest aerial tramway in Northern Europe. It was built in 1928 as a gift from Norsk Hydro. The Hardangervidda National Park center is located at the lake Møsvatn, just east of Tinn.
Robert R. Edelman
Robert R. Edelman is an American radiologist.

Edelman earned a bachelor's degree in molecular biology and biochemistry at Yale University and completed his medical studies at the Boston University School of Medicine. He then pursued an internship at New York University Medical Center, followed by a residency in radiology at Beth Israel Hospital and a fellowship in radiology at Massachusetts General Hospital.

Edelman is the William B. Graham Chairman of Diagnostic Radiology at NorthShore University HealthSystem, and a clinical professor of radiology at Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine.

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) in Boston, Massachusetts is a teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School and one of the founding members of Beth Israel Lahey Health. It was formed out of the 1996 merger of Beth Israel Hospital (founded in 1916 by the Jewish community) and New England Deaconess Hospital (founded in 1896 by Methodist deaconesses). Among independent teaching hospitals, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center has ranked in the top three recipients of biomedical research funding from the National Institutes of Health. Research funding totals nearly $200 million annually. BIDMC researchers run more than 850 active sponsored projects and 200 clinical trials. The Harvard-Thorndike General Clinical Research Center, the oldest clinical research laboratory in the United States, has been located on this site since 1973.
Shouta Yasooka
Shouta Yasooka (八十岡 翔太) (also spelled Shota) is a Japanese Magic: The Gathering player. He is best known for his success in the 2006 Pro Tour season, when he won Pro Tour Charleston with Tomohiro Kaji and Tomoharu Saitou, as well as the Player of the Year title. In 2015, Yasooka was elected into the Magic: The Gathering Hall of Fame.

When the Magic Online Player of the Year award was introduced in 2009, Yasooka with his account "yaya3" became the first player to win this honour. He also won the 2009 Magic Online Champion – Sealed title.

Yasooka is currently the lead designer for the Hobby Japan developed trading card games Final Fantasy and WIXOSS.

Hobby Japan
Hobby Japan Co., Ltd. (株式会社ホビージャパン, Kabushiki gaisha Hobī Japan) is a Japanese publishing company known for publishing and releasing books, magazines, light novels, games, and collectibles. Founded in 1969, the company owns and distributes such publications as the eponymous Hobby Japan EX magazine, as well as Uchusen. The company has also released a number of role-playing and tabletop games, action figures related to anime and manga franchises, as well as diecast cars and related models.