hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Checkless chess
Checkless chess, also known as prohibition chess, is a chess variant where neither player may give check unless it is checkmate. All other rules are as in regular chess. The origin of the game is unknown, dating from the mid-19th century. The variant is a popular chess problem theme, usually requiring a fairy mate.

Chess problem
A chess problem, also called a chess composition, is a puzzle created by the composer using chess pieces on a chessboard, which presents the solver with a particular task. For instance, a position may be given with the instruction that White is to move first, and checkmate Black in two moves against any possible defence. A chess problem fundamentally differs from over-the-board play in that the latter involves a struggle between Black and White, whereas the former involves a competition between the composer and the solver. Most positions which occur in a chess problem are unrealistic in the sense that they are very unlikely to occur in over-the-board play. There is a substantial amount of specialized jargon used in connection with chess problems.
Antonio Superbia
Antonio "Junior" Superbia is a retired Brazilian-American soccer player and coach.

Superbia grew up in Taiuva, Brazil where he played in the Internacional and Clube Atlético Juventus youth systems. In 1989, he moved to the United States to attend Brooklyn College where he played on the men's soccer team in 1990 and 1991. He also played for the Brooklyn Italians in the North Eastern Super Soccer League (NESSL). In 1991, he and his teammates won the 1991 U.S. Open Cup. In 1993, Superbia led the NESSL in scoring.

In 1995, he played for the Jersey Dragons in the USISL. In February 1996, the New England Revolution selected Superbia in the fourteenth round (135th overall) of the 1996 MLS Inaugural Player Draft. The Revolution released him during the pre-season. He returned to the Dragons for the 1996 season.

In July 2000, Brooklyn College hired Superbia to coach the men's soccer team, a position he held until August 2006. He continues to coach in the Brooklyn Italians youth system.

1996 MLS Inaugural Player Draft
The MLS Inaugural Player Draft, held before Major League Soccer's initial 1996 season, distributed players to the league's ten inaugural teams. The Inaugural Player Draft occurred on February 6 and 7, 1996 after each team was allocated four marquee players.

The Columbus Crew selected Brian McBride with the first overall pick.
Turseodus
Turseodus is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish found in Late Triassic freshwater sediments of the United States. Two species have been described, T. acutus from the Lockatong Formation (Carnian stage) of Pennsylvania, and T. dolorensis from the Chinle Formation (Norian stage) of Colorado.

Carnian
The Carnian (less commonly, Karnian) is the lowermost stage of the Upper Triassic Series (or earliest age of the Late Triassic Epoch). It lasted from 237 to 227.3 million years ago (Ma). The Carnian is preceded by the Ladinian and is followed by the Norian. Its boundaries are not characterized by major extinctions or biotic turnovers, but a climatic event (known as the Carnian pluvial episode characterized by substantial rainfall) occurred during the Carnian and seems to be associated with important extinctions or biotic radiations. Another extinction occurred at the Carnian-Norian boundary, ending the Carnian age.
BrailleNote
A BrailleNote is a computer made by HumanWare for persons with visual impairments. It has either a braille keyboard or a Qwerty Keyboard, a speech synthesizer, and a 32- or 18-column refreshable Braille display, depending on model. The "VoiceNote" is the same device without a braille display. The BrailleNote GPS is an 18 or 32 cell BrailleNote with an External GPS module, BrailleNote GPS.

BrailleNote can use only the software provided by the manufacturer, although this can be upgraded.

Use of BrailleNote is suggested by the State University of New York Center for Assistive Technology and is sometimes purchased by colleges for use by disabled students. The BrailleNote product series, introduced in 2000, is regarded as being the first of its kind.

It is possible to obtain a visual interface to the data on a BrailleNote by attaching a computer with a terminal emulator such as Hyperterminal.

Terminal emulator
A terminal emulator, or terminal application, is a computer program that emulates a video terminal within another display architecture. Though typically synonymous with a shell or text terminal, the term terminal covers all remote terminals, including graphical interfaces. A terminal emulator inside a graphical user interface is often called a terminal window.

A terminal window allows the user access to a text terminal and all its applications such as command-line interfaces (CLI) and text user interface (TUI) applications. These may be running either on the same machine or on a different one via telnet, ssh, dial-up, or over a direct serial connection. On Unix-like operating systems, it is common to have one or more terminal windows connected to the local machine.

Terminals usually support a set of escape sequences for controlling color, cursor position, etc. Examples include the family of terminal control sequence standards that includes ECMA-48, ANSI X3.64, and ISO/IEC 6429.
Eagle Creek Upper Falls
Eagle Creek Upper Falls, also called Upper Eagle Creek Falls, is a small waterfall located in Clackamas County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. The waterfall is known for a fish ladder that bypasses the waterfall to assist fish navigate the waterfall. Eagle Creek is known for being a point for fishing chinook salmon, bull trout, and steelhead trout.

Upper Eagle Creek Falls is located upstream from the Eagle Creek National Fish Hatchery, a popular spot to start kayaking downstream Eagle Creek.

Clackamas County, Oregon
Clackamas County (/ˈklækəməs/ ⓘ CLAK-ə-məss) is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 421,401, making it Oregon's third-most populous county. Its county seat is Oregon City. The county was named after the native people living in the area at the time of the coming of Europeans, the Clackamas people, who are part of the Chinookan peoples.

Clackamas County is part of the Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is in the Willamette Valley.
2024 Pacific Four Series squads
The 2024 Pacific Four Series is the 4th edition of the Pacific Four Series, an annual rugby union competition sanctioned by World Rugby and contested by the national teams of Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States. New Zealand have won two titles — 2022 and 2023,  and are the defending champions.

Note: Number of caps are indicated as of the first match of the tournament (28 April 2024).

Women's rugby union
Women's rugby union is a full contact team sport based on running with the ball in hand. The same laws are used in men's rugby union with the same sized pitch and same equipment. Women's rugby has become popular recently. These days, women's rugby is gaining a higher profile thanks to international tournaments' exposure and financial investment.
Randall Cobb (American football)
Randall Ladonald Cobb II (born August 22, 1990) is an American former professional football wide receiver who played 13 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Kentucky Wildcats, earning All-American honors in 2010. Cobb was selected by the Green Bay Packers in the second round of the 2011 NFL draft. He also played one season each for the Dallas Cowboys, Houston Texans, and New York Jets.

Kentucky Wildcats football
The Kentucky Wildcats football program represents the University of Kentucky in the sport of American football. The Wildcats compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The Wildcats play their home games at Kroger Field in Lexington, Kentucky and are led by first-year head coach Will Stein.
Tommyhawk
Tommyhawk can refer to:

an alternate spelling of tomahawk (axe)

"Tommyhawk", a 1954 song by Johnny Mandel
covered by Shelly Manne & His Men on the 1957 album More Swinging Sounds

Tommyhawk Creek, a watercourse in Western Australia

Tommy Hawk, the mascot for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League

a variation of the cutter maneuver in professional wrestling

Johnny Mandel
John Alfred Mandel (November 23, 1925 – June 29, 2020) was an American composer and arranger of popular songs, film music and jazz. The musicians he worked with include Count Basie, Frank Sinatra, Peggy Lee, Anita O'Day, Barbra Streisand, Tony Bennett, Diane Schuur and Shirley Horn. He won five Grammy Awards, from 17 nominations; his first nomination was for his debut film score for the multi-nominated 1958 film I Want to Live!
Kamibox
Kamibox is an independent German video game developer founded by Philipp Stollenmayer. Stollenmayer is the sole employee of the company, which creates almost exclusively mobile games. Some of Kamibox's games have received awards for their design, including an Apple Design Award. Kamibox games often have a philosophical element to them, such as see/saw and Sometimes You Die, which explore the concept of death in video games.

Stollenmayer also designs papercraft models under the Kamibox branding and had done for some time before he started producing games. Stollenmayer's background in paper modelling often lends a more experimental lean to Kamibox's games.

Apple Design Awards
The Apple Design Awards (ADAs) is an event hosted by Apple Inc. at its annual Worldwide Developers Conference. The purpose of the event is to recognize the best and most innovative Macintosh and iOS software and hardware produced by independent developers, as well as the best and most creative uses of Apple's products. The ADAs are awarded in categories that vary each year. The awards have been presented annually since 1997. For the first two years of their existence, they were known as the "Human Interface Design Excellence Awards" (HIDE Awards).

Since 2003, the physical award given to those recognized at the awards event bore an Apple logo that would glow when touched. The trophy is a 3.9 in (9.9 cm) long aluminum cube which weighs 55.5 oz (1.57 kg). These were engineered and built by Sparkfactor Design.
David D. Schein
David D. Schein is an American author and academic. He is a tenured professor and associate dean at the University of St. Thomas and holds Cameron Endowed Chair. Previously, he taught at Rice University.

His books have received multiple reviews including from the Houston Public Media.

University of St. Thomas (Texas)
The University of St. Thomas (UST or St. Thomas) is a private Catholic university in Houston, Texas, United States. It was founded by the Basilian Fathers in 1947 and is the only Catholic university in the Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston.
Wadi Al Rabi Stadium
Wadi Al Rabi Stadium is a stadium currently under construction in Tripoli, Libya. It was planned to become a venue for the 2017 Africa Cup of Nations, where it would host the opening match and the final.

2017 Africa Cup of Nations
The 2017 Africa Cup of Nations (abbreviated as AFCON 2017 or CAN 2017), known as the Total 2017 Africa Cup of Nations for sponsorship reasons, was the 31st edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, the biennial international men's football championship of Africa organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF). The tournament was scheduled to be hosted by Libya, until CAF rescinded its hosting rights in August 2014 due to the Second Libyan civil war. The tournament was instead hosted by Gabon. This event was also part of the Africa Cup of Nations 60th Anniversary.

Cameroon won their fifth title after defeating seven-time champions Egypt 2–1 in the final. Burkina Faso finished third after beating Ghana 1–0 in the third place play-off.

As champions, Cameroon qualified for the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia. Tournament hosts Gabon and defending champions Ivory Coast were both eliminated in the group stage.
UMdoni Local Municipality elections
The uMdoni Local Municipality council consists of thirty-seven members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Nineteen councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in nineteen wards, while the remaining eighteen are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. In the election of 3 August 2016 the African National Congress (ANC) won a majority of twenty-three seats on the council.

Ward (South Africa)
In South Africa, wards are geopolitical subdivisions of municipalities used for electoral purposes. Each metropolitan and local municipality is delimited by the Municipal Demarcation Board into half as many wards as there are seats on the municipal council (rounding up if there are an odd number of seats). Each ward then elects one councillor directly, and the remaining councillors are elected from party lists so that the overall party representation is proportional to the proportion of votes received by each party.

After the 2021 municipal elections, there are 4,468 wards in South Africa.
Josh Turnbull
Joshua Turnbull (born 12 March 1988) is a Welsh former professional rugby union player, who played in the back row and second row. He played for the Scarlets and Cardiff Rugby in the United Rugby Championship, and at club level for Carmarthen Quins, Llanelli and Llandovery. He played internationally for Wales at under-16, under-18, under-19 and under-20 levels, Wales 7s and earned 13 caps for the senior team between 2011 and 2022. Born in Haverfordwest, he is a fluent Welsh speaker.

Llanelli RFC
Llanelli Rugby Football Club (Welsh: Clwb Rygbi Llanelli) was a Welsh rugby union club founded on 30 March 1872.

The club's historic home ground was Stradey Park in Llanelli, but they moved in 2008 to the new Parc y Scarlets in adjacent Pemberton. The club song is "Sosban Fach", a Welsh song meaning "Little Saucepan", which is sometimes sung by the club's fans during matches as the club anthem. The team colours are scarlet and white.

Following the 2003 regionalisation of Welsh rugby, Llanelli became a feeder club to the Scarlets regional team. Following the 2022-23 season, the club was disbanded.
JemJem
JemJem is an E-commerce website for refurbished Apple products, mainly catering to iPhone, iPad, MacBook and Accessories in the United States. Launched in 2014, it is headed by Jay Kim and is based in Costa Mesa, California.

Newport Beach, California
Newport Beach is a city in southern Orange County, California, United States. As of the 2020 census, Newport Beach had a population of 85,239. Located about 40 miles (64 km) southeast of downtown Los Angeles, Newport Beach is known for its sandy beaches. The city's harbor once supported maritime industries; today, it is used mostly for recreation. Balboa Island draws visitors with a waterfront path and easy access from the ferry to the shops and restaurants.
Ronaldo Nogueira
Ronaldo Nogueira de Oliveira (born 25 April 1966 in Carazinho) is a Brazilian administrator, pastor of Assembly of God Church and politician, affiliated to the Brazilian Labor Party. Currently, is discharged federal deputy and minister of Labour and Social Security of Brazil since 12 May 2016, appointed by president Michel Temer.

Carazinho
Carazinho is a city located 246 km from Porto Alegre, in the northwest portion of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Carazinho was founded on 1931 and as of 2020 has a population of 62,265. Carazinho's primary economy is focused on agriculture. Soybeans, corn and wheat are the major products.

Carazinho can be accessed via BR-285 or BR-386, which are major roads in Rio Grande do Sul.

It has an elevation of 603 meters and an area of 676 km²

A significant part of Carazinho's population is of German origin.
Pamela J. Marshall
Pamela J. Marshall (born 31 May 1954) is an American horn player and composer. She was born in Beverly, Massachusetts, and studied horn, electronic music and conducting at the Eastman and Yale Schools of Music. After completing her education, she settled in Lexington, Massachusetts. She plays French horn in orchestra and composes for synthesizer, brass, mandolin and orchestra.  Since 2015, she has been a key participant in The k a rl h e nn i ng Ensemble (Boston), both as hornist and composer.

Marshall has written software and developed sounds for Kurzweil Music Systems and worked at Powersoft Corporation as a technical writer. She established her own music publishing company, Spindrift Music.

Kurzweil Music Systems
Kurzweil Music Systems is an American company that produces electronic musical instruments. It was founded in 1982 by Stevie Wonder (musician), Ray Kurzweil (innovator) and Bruce Cichowlas (software developer).

Kurzweil was a developer of reading machines for the blind, and their company used many of the technologies originally designed for reading machines, and adapted them to musical purposes. They released their first instrument, the K250 in 1983, and have continued producing new instruments ever since. The company was acquired by Young Chang in 1990. Hyundai Development Company (HDC) acquired Young Chang in 2006 and in January 2007 appointed Raymond Kurzweil as Chief Strategy Officer of Kurzweil Music Systems.
History of the Indonesia national football team
The history of the Indonesia national football team officially dates back to their first international in 1934. The Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI), which governs the team. Prior to Indonesian independence, in the period 1921–1945, the national team used the name Dutch East Indies and was organized by the Dutch East Indies Football Union (NIVU). The team later became a member of the football international governing bodies FIFA in 1928 and participated at the 1938 FIFA World Cup in France as the first Asian country to qualify for the final round of the competition. After the country gained independence, they then rejoined FIFA in 1952 and co-founded AFC in 1954. As of August 2024, Indonesia has qualified for the FIFA World Cup once and the AFC Asian Cups six times (including automatic qualification as co-hosts in 2007).

Kuwait national football team
The Kuwait national football team (Arabic: منتخب الكويت لكرة القدم, romanized: muntakhab alkuayt likurat alqadam) represents Kuwait in international football and it is controlled by the Kuwait Football Association. Kuwait made its only FIFA World Cup appearance in 1982 and managed to get one draw in the group stage against Czechoslovakia. In the AFC Asian Cup, Kuwait reached the final in 1976 and won the tournament four years later in 1980.

The Kuwait national football team has faced multiple suspensions by FIFA due to governmental interference and failure to comply with regulations, notably in 2007, 2008, and 2015. These suspensions, which were later lifted after legal reforms, caused the team to miss major tournaments, including the 2018 FIFA World Cup and 2019 AFC Asian Cup qualifiers, and led to a significant drop in the country's FIFA World Rankings. In 2017, following the lifting of its suspension, Kuwait hosted the Gulf Cup.
Korean proverbs
A Korean proverb (Korean: 속담, Sok-dam) is a concise idiom in the Korean language which describes a fact in a metaphorical way for instruction or satire. The term 속담 (Sok-dam, Korean proverb) was first used in Korea during the Joseon Dynasty, but proverbs were in use much earlier. The example "I am busy with my work, and I am in a hurry for my family" in the article "욱면비염불서승(郁面婢念佛西昇, Uk myeon biyeombulseoseung)" in Volume 5 of 삼국유사 (三國遺事, Samguk yusa) indicates that a number of proverbs were in common use during the Three Kingdoms period.

Idiom
An idiom is a phrase or expression that largely or exclusively carries a figurative or non-literal meaning, rather than making any literal sense.  Categorized as formulaic language, an idiomatic expression's meaning is different from the literal meanings of each word inside it.

Idioms occur frequently in all languages. In English alone there are an estimated twenty-five thousand idiomatic expressions. Some well known idioms in English are "spill the beans" (meaning "reveal secret information"), "it's raining cats and dogs" (meaning "it's raining intensely"), and "break a leg" (meaning "good luck").
Marine biogenic calcification
Marine biogenic calcification is the production of calcium carbonate by organisms in the global ocean.

Marine biogenic calcification is the biologically mediated process by which marine organisms produce and deposit calcium carbonate minerals to form skeletal structures or hard tissues. This process is a fundamental aspect of the life cycle of some marine organisms, including corals, mollusks, foraminifera, certain types of plankton, and other calcifying marine invertebrates. The resulting structures, such as shells, skeletons, and coral reefs, function as protection, support, and shelter and create some of the most biodiverse habitats in the world. Marine biogenic calcifiers also play a key role in the biological carbon pump and the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients, alkalinity, and organic matter.

Marine invertebrates
Marine invertebrates are invertebrate animals that live in marine habitats, and make up most of the macroscopic life in the oceans. It is a polyphyletic blanket term that contains all marine animals except the marine vertebrates, including the non-vertebrate members of the phylum Chordata such as lancelets, sea squirts and salps. As the name suggests, marine invertebrates lack any mineralized axial endoskeleton, i.e. the vertebral column, and some have evolved a rigid shell, test or exoskeleton for protection and/or locomotion, while others rely on internal fluid pressure to support their bodies.  Marine invertebrates have a large variety of body plans, and have been categorized into over 30 phyla.
1973 Watney Cup final
The 1973 Watney Cup final was the fourth and last final of the Watney Cup. The match was held at the Victoria Ground in Stoke-on-Trent on 18 August 1973 and had an attendance of 18,159. It was contested by Stoke City and Hull City.

Stoke won the match 2–0, with Jimmy Greenhoff scoring both goals.

Victoria Ground
The Victoria Ground was the home ground of Stoke City from 1878 until 1997, when the club relocated to the Britannia Stadium after 119 years. At the time of its demolition it was the oldest operational ground in the Football League.
Lima Aafshid
Lima Aafshid (Persian: لیمه آفشید) is an Afghan poet. Born in Kapisa Province on 11 August 1996, she studied journalism at Kabul University, working as a freelance reporter and commentator for more than five years after graduating. She was a founding member of Sher-e- daneshgah, a Kabul poetry association consisting mostly of middle-class students in their twenties. In 2021, she was included in the BBC's 100 Women list.

100 Women (BBC)
100 Women is a BBC multi-format series established in 2013. The annual series examines the role of women in the 21st century and has included events in London and Mexico. Announcement of the list is the start of an international "BBC's women season", lasting three weeks including broadcast, online reports, debates and journalism on the topic of women. Women around the world are encouraged to participate via social media and comment on the list, as well as on the interviews and debates that follow release of the list.
Army of the Alps
The Army of the Alps (Armée des Alpes) was one of the French Revolutionary armies.  It existed from 1792–1797 and from July to August 1799, and the name was also used on and off until 1939 for France's army on its border with Italy.

Drôme
Drôme (French pronunciation: [dʁom] ⓘ; Occitan: Droma; Arpitan: Drôma) is the southernmost department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of Southeastern France. Named after the river Drôme, it had a population of 516,762 as of 2019. Drôme's prefecture is Valence.

The southern portion of the Drôme, closest to Provence, is often known as the fr:Drôme Provençale.