hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Value premium
In investing, value premium refers to the greater risk-adjusted return of value stocks over growth stocks.  Eugene Fama and Kenneth French first identified the premium in 1992, using a measure they called HML (high book-to-market ratio minus low book-to-market ratio) to measure equity returns based on valuation. Other experts, such as John C. Bogle, have argued that no value premium exists, claiming that Fama and French's research is period dependent.

Kenneth French
Kenneth Ronald "Ken" French (born March 10, 1954) is the Roth Family Distinguished Professor of Finance at the Tuck School of Business, Dartmouth College.  He has previously been a faculty member at MIT, the Yale School of Management, and the University of Chicago Booth School of Business.

He has worked on asset pricing with Eugene Fama. They wrote a series of papers that cast doubt on the validity of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), which posits that a stock's beta alone should explain its average return. These papers describe two factors above and beyond a stock's market beta which can explain differences in stock returns: market capitalization and "value". They also offer evidence that a variety of patterns in average returns, often labeled as "anomalies" in past work, can be explained with their Fama–French three-factor model.
51st NAACP Image Awards
The 51st NAACP Image Awards, presented by the NAACP, honored outstanding representations and achievements of people of color in motion pictures, television, music, and literature during the 2019 calendar year. The ceremony took place on February 22, 2020, at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium and was broadcast for the first time on BET - as well as simulcast on several of its sister ViacomCBS (now Paramount) networks, moving to the former after broadcasts on TV One in past years.

During the ceremony, Caribbean billionaire/singer Rihanna was awarded with the President's Award for "her fundraising efforts with various charities, disaster relief and education abroad—efforts", and John Lewis was awarded with the Chairman's Award "in recognition of his lifelong dedication of protecting human rights and securing civil liberties".

All nominees are listed below, and the winners are listed in bold.

Hard Place
"Hard Place" is a song by American singer H.E.R. released on April 4, 2019 (2019-04-04) as the first single from her fifth EP I Used to Know Her: Part 2 and the second single from her second compilation album I Used to Know Her. It was written by H.E.R., Sam Ashworth, David “Swagg R’Celious” Harris, and Ruby Amanfu and produced by Rodney Jerkins.
Olmos y Robles
Olmos y Robles (Olmos and Robles) is a Spanish police procedural comedy television series produced by 100 Balas for Televisión Española (TVE). It premiered on September 8, 2015 on TVE's main channel La 1. The series focuses on two civil guards of very different backgrounds who have to work together solving relevant crimes.

The series was renewed for a second season, but not for a third one.

La 1 (Spanish TV channel)
La 1 (Spanish pronunciation: [la ˈuno], The One) is a Spanish free-to-air television channel owned and operated by Televisión Española (TVE), the television division of state-owned public broadcaster Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE). It is the corporation's flagship television channel and is known for broadcasting mainstream and generalist programming, including Telediario news bulletins, prime time drama, cinema and entertainment, and major breaking news, sports and special events.
The Punisher (1998 series)
The Punisher, also known as The Punisher: Purgatory, is a four-issue comic book limited series written by Christopher Golden and Thomas E. Sniegoski, illustrated by Bernie Wrightson, and published by Marvel Comics (through the Marvel Knights imprint) from 1998 to 1999. The series was a departure from typical Punisher stories in that it dealt with supernatural themes.

Marvel Knights
Marvel Knights is an imprint of Marvel Comics that contained standalone material taking place inside the Marvel Universe (Earth-616). The imprint originated in 1998 when Marvel outsourced four titles (Black Panther, Punisher, Daredevil and Inhumans) to Joe Quesada and Jimmy Palmiotti's company Event Comics; Event hired the creative teams for the Knights line while Marvel published them.
Vercingetorix Monument
The Vercingetorix Monument (French: Monument à Vercingétorix) is a statuary monument dedicated to the Gaulish chieftain Vercingetorix, defeated by Julius Caesar in the Gallic Wars. The monument was designed by Aimé Millet and constructed in 1865. It is designated as a monument historique.

The monument was commissioned by Emperor Napoleon III from the sculptor Aimé Millet and installed in 1865 on Mont Auxois, near Alise-Sainte-Reine in the Côte-d'Or department in the Burgundy region of eastern France. The site was the supposed site of Alesia. The architect for the memorial was Eugène Viollet-le-Duc.  The base has a nationalistic inscription installed by Viollet-le-Duc, translating into French the words of Julius Caesar:

La Gaule unie
Formant une seule nation
Animée d'un même esprit,
Peut défier l'Univers.
(Gaul united,
Forming a single nation
Animated by a common spirit,
Can defy the Universe.)

Emperor of the French
Emperor of the French (French: Empereur des Français) was the title of the monarch of the First French Empire and the Second French Empire. The title emphasized sovereignty vested in the French people rather than in the territory of France. The powers of the emperor differed between the two empires and changed over time, ranging from extensive personal authority to a constitutional, executive role.
Asparagoideae
Asparagoideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, order Asparagales, according to the APG III system of 2009. The subfamily name is derived from the generic name of the type genus, Asparagus.  The group has previously been treated as a separate family Asparagaceae sensu stricto.

The subfamily contains only two genera, Asparagus with some 160–290 species, and Hemiphylacus with five species. (Hemiphylacus used to be placed in the Asphodeloideae/Asphodelaceae.) They are distributed in Europe, Africa and Asia, with a few species in Australasia and Mexico. Asparagus has small paper-like (scarious) leaves at the base of leaf-like branches which act as the photosynthetic organs (phylloclades).

Sensu
Sensu is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular concept, but it also appears in expressions that indicate the convention or context of the usage.
Homagama North Grama Niladhari Division
Homagama North Grama Niladhari Division is a  Grama Niladhari Division of the  Homagama Divisional Secretariat  of Colombo District  of Western Province, Sri Lanka .  It has Grama Niladhari Division Code 486.

Homagama North is a surrounded by the  Athurugiriya South, Homagama West, Habarakada Watta, Homagama East and Panagoda East  Grama Niladhari Divisions.

Colombo District
Colombo District (Sinhala: කොළඹ දිස්ත්‍රික්කය kol̠am̆ba distrikkaya; Tamil: கொழும்பு மாவட்டம் Koḻumpu Māvaṭṭam) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka, the second level administrative division of the country. The district is administered by a District Secretariat headed by a District Secretary (previously known as a Government Agent) appointed by the central government of Sri Lanka. The capital of the district is the city of Colombo. The district of Colombo was officially recorded in 2016 as having the highest income on average, per household. There are smaller places like Kottawa
Zec Onatchiway
The ZEC Onatchiway is a "zone d'exploitation contrôlée" (controlled harvesting zone) (zec) of 1,462 square kilometres (564 sq mi), located in the unorganized territory of Mont-Valin, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, in Quebec, in Canada.

Unorganized area
An unorganized area or unorganized territory (French: Territoire non organisé) is any geographic region in Canada that does not form part of a municipality or Indian reserve. In these areas, the lowest level of government is provincial or territorial.  In some of these areas, local service agencies may have some of the responsibilities that would otherwise be covered by municipalities.
Mea culpa
Mea culpa (/ˌmeɪ.əˈkʊl.pə/) is a phrase of Latin origin that means my fault or my mistake, and is an acknowledgment of having done wrong. The expression is also used as an admission of having made a mistake that should have been avoided and, in a religious context, may be accompanied by symbolically beating the breast when uttering the words.

The phrase comes from a Western Christian prayer of confession of sinfulness, known as the Confiteor, used in the Roman Rite at the beginning of Mass or when receiving the sacrament of Penance. Grammatically, meā culpā is in the ablative case, with an instrumental meaning.

Instrumental case
In grammar, the instrumental case (abbreviated INS or INSTR) is a grammatical case used to indicate that a noun is the instrument or means by or with which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action. The noun may be either a physical object or an abstract concept.
Angianthus cyathifer
Angianthus cyathifer is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, and is endemic to north-western Australia. It is an ascending or low-lying, rarely erect annual herb, with hairy linear or elliptic leaves, narrowly elliptic to elliptic compound heads of yellow flowers, and oval achenes with a cup-shaped pappus.

Achene
An achene (/əˈkiːn/; from Ancient Greek  ἀ (a) 'privative' and  χαίνειν (khaínein) 'to gape'), also sometimes called akene and occasionally achenium or achenocarp, is a type of simple dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. Achenes are monocarpellate (formed from one carpel) and indehiscent (they do not open at maturity). Achenes contain a single seed that nearly fills the pericarp, but does not adhere to it.  In many species, what is called the "seed" is an achene, a fruit containing the seed. The seed-like appearance is owed to the hardening of the fruit wall (pericarp), which encloses the solitary seed so closely as to seem like a seed coat.
Catasauqua and Fogelsville Railroad
The Catasauqua and Fogelsville Railroad was built in the 1850s to transport iron ore from local mines in Lehigh and later Berks County to furnaces along the Lehigh River in eastern Pennsylvania. Originally owned by two iron companies, the railroad later became part of the Reading Company, and parts of it remain in operation today.

Alburtis, Pennsylvania
Alburtis is a borough in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, United States. The borough's population was 2,596 as of the 2020 census. It is a suburb of Allentown, the third largest city in Pennsylvania. It is part of the Lehigh Valley metropolitan area, which had a population of 861,899 and was the 68th-most populous metropolitan area in the U.S. as of the 2020 census.
Paulo Lopes Silva
Paulo Rui Lopes Pereira da Silva (born 10 September 1987) is a Portuguese engineer and politician, who is a member of the Assembly of the Republic since 2025.

He was a member of the Guimarães City Council from 2021 until the 2025 legislative election, when he was elected as a deputy.

He was the national campaign director of António José Seguro's 2026 presidential campaign.

Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)
The Assembly of the Republic (Portuguese: Assembleia da República, pronounced [ɐsẽˈblɐjɐ ðɐ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ]), commonly referred to as simply Parliament (Portuguese: Parlamento), is the unicameral parliament of Portugal. According to the Constitution of Portugal, the parliament "is the representative assembly of all Portuguese citizens". The constitution names the assembly as one of the country's sovereignty bodies.

It meets in São Bento Palace, the historical site of an old Benedictine monastery. The palace has been the seat of the Portuguese parliaments since 1834 (Cortes until 1910, Congress from 1911 to 1926 and National Assembly from 1933 to 1974).
Moses Raine
Moses Raine (born 7 August 1984) is an English playwright and screenwriter. He was born in Oxford and is the son of the poet and critic Craig Raine and Ann Pasternak Slater; he is also a grand nephew of the Russian novelist Boris Pasternak.
He attended the Dragon School and St. Edward's School, in Oxford.

St Edward's School, Oxford
St Edward's School is a public school (English fee-charging boarding and day school) in Oxford, England. It is known informally as 'Teddies'.

Approximately sixty pupils live in each of its thirteen houses. The school is a member of the Rugby Group, the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference, and the Oxfordshire Independent and State School Partnership. Termly fees in 2025/2026 are £18,932 (incl. VAT) for boarding and £15,866 (incl. VAT) for day pupils. The school is also affiliated to the Church of England.

The school teaches the GCSE, A Level and International Baccalaureate (IB) qualifications. The sixth form is split evenly between pupils studying A Levels and the IB Diploma.
2018 Campeonato Internacional de Tênis de Campinas – Doubles
Máximo González and Fabrício Neis were the defending champions but only Neis chose to defend his title, partnering Rafael Matos. Neis lost in the quarterfinals to Thiago Monteiro and Pedro Sakamoto.

Hugo Dellien and Guillermo Durán won the title after defeating Franco Agamenone and Fernando Romboli 7–5, 6–4 in the final.

Thiago Monteiro (tennis)
Thiago Moura Monteiro (Brazilian Portuguese: [tʃiˈaɡu mõˈtejɾu]; born 31 May 1994) is a Brazilian professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 61, achieved on 17 October 2022 and a doubles ranking of No. 144, achieved on 31 January 2022. He is currently the No. 3 singles player from Brazil.

On the ITF Junior Circuit, Monteiro had a combined ranking of No. 2, attained on February 2012. His best junior singles result was the 2011 Copa Gerdau (Grade A) title in Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Wrestling at the 1962 Asian Games – Men's freestyle 78 kg
The men's freestyle 78 kilograms (welterweight) freestyle wrestling competition at the 1962 Asian Games in Jakarta was held from 28 to 30 August 1962.

The competition used a form of negative points tournament, with negative points given for any result short of a fall. Accumulation of 6 negative points eliminated the wrestler. When three or fewer wrestlers remained, they advanced to a final round, with only preliminary results amongst them carried forward.

Pin (sport wrestling)
A pin, or fall, is a victory condition in various forms of wrestling that is met by holding an opponent's shoulders or scapulae (shoulder blades) on the wrestling mat for a prescribed period of time. This article deals with the pin as it is defined in amateur wrestling.

A pin ends a match regardless of when it occurs. Situations which are almost pins but for whatever reason do not meet the criteria—for example, have only one shoulder down or have the defending wrestler blocked in a neck bridge—are rewarded with exposure points (in collegiate wrestling, known as near fall points or back points) in order to encourage wrestlers to take risks to try to pin their opponents.
Leptestheriidae
Leptestheriidae is a family of crustaceans in the order Spinicaudata. They are distinguished from the family Cyzicidae by the presence of a rostral spine. Members of Leptestheriidae are believed to graze on detritus.

The family contains five extant genera:

Eoleptestheria

Leptestheria
Leptestheria compleximanus

Leptestheriella

Maghrebestheria

Sewellestheria

Clam shrimp
Clam shrimp are a group of branchiopod crustaceans that possess bivalved carapaces, which resemble the shells of unrelated bivalved molluscs. They were traditionally classified in the order Conchostraca, but this group later proved to be paraphyletic, because Diplostraca, the water fleas, are nested within the clade of clam shrimps; this implies certain groups of water fleas are closer to certain groups of clam shrimp than either are to other Diplostracan groups which they may resemble. Clam shrimp are now divided into three orders, Cyclestherida, Laevicaudata, and Spinicaudata, in addition to the fossil family Leaiidae. Their fossil record is known from at least the Devonian period and perhaps before.
Wilfredo Moreno
Wilfredo Moreno (born 19 April 1976) is a Venezuelan footballer. He played in eleven matches for the Venezuela national football team from 2002 to 2004. He was also part of Venezuela's squad for the 2004 Copa América tournament.

2004 Copa América
The 2004 Copa América was the 41st edition of the Copa América, the South-American championship for international association football teams. The competition was organized by CONMEBOL, South America's football governing body, and was held in Peru, who hosted the tournament for the sixth time, from 6 to 25 July.

The tournament was won by Brazil in a shootout over Argentina. This made Brazil hold the World Cup and Copa América titles simultaneously for the second time in history, as happened after 1997 Copa América.

There is no qualifying tournament for the final tournament. CONMEBOL's 10 South American countries participated, along with two more invited countries, making a total of twelve teams competing in the tournament. The two invited countries for this edition of the Copa América were Mexico and Costa Rica.
Chhakka Panja 5
Chhakka Panja 5 (Nepali: छक्का पन्जा ५) is a 2024 Nepali comedy film written by Deepak Raj Giri and directed by Deepa Shree Niraula. Produced by Keshav Neupane and Dipendra Khaniya under the banner of Aama Saraswoti Movies and IME Present. It stars Deepak Raj Giri, Kedar Ghimire, Deepa Shree Niraula, Barsha Siwakoti, Raja Ram Poudel, and Prakash Ghimire.

it was released on October 10, 2024, during the festival of Dashain.

Kedar Ghimire
Kedar Prasad Ghimire (Nepali: केदार प्रसाद घिमिरे; born 13 April 1976) is a Nepalese actor known for his work in the Nepali entertainment industry. He is widely famous and commonly known as Magne Budo from his hit TV Nepali sitcom Meri Bassai and Chakka Panja series. He is one of the most popular and highest grossing actors of Nepal.
Foro panarium
Foro panarium is an extinct bird of disputed taxonomic status that lived during the early to mid-Eocene around the Ypresian-Lutetian boundary, some 48 million years ago.  F. panarium is known from fossils found in the Green River Formation of Wyoming.

The taxonomical relations of F. panarium remain unclear. It is sometimes placed in a distinct family Foratidae. It was considered possibly related to cuckoos, turacos and/or the puzzling hoatzin of the Amazon. A phylogenetic analysis conducted by Field & Hsiang (2018) indicated that F. panarium was a stem-turaco.

Its scientific name is a Latin / German / English pun in homage to ornithologist Pierce Brodkorb.

Ypresian
In the geologic timescale the Ypresian is the oldest age or lowest stratigraphic stage of the Eocene. It spans the time between 56 and 48.07 Ma, is preceded by the Thanetian Age (part of the Paleocene) and is followed by the Eocene Lutetian Age. The Ypresian is consistent with the Lower Eocene (Early Eocene).
Methoxytoluene
Methoxytoluenes (methylanisoles or cresyl methyl ethers) are a group of three isomeric organic compounds with the formula CH3OC6H4CH3.  They  consist of a disubstituted benzene ring with methoxy group and one methyl group.  All three are colorless flammable liquids which are soluble in organic solvents but poorly soluble in water.  They are not of major commercial interest although they are precursors to the corresponding methoxybenzoic acids and methoxybenzaldehydes.

Methoxy group
In organic chemistry, a methoxy group is the functional group consisting of a methyl group bound to oxygen. This alkoxy group has the formula R−O−CH3.

On a benzene ring, the Hammett equation classifies a methoxy substituent at the para position as an electron-donating group, but as an electron-withdrawing group if at the meta position. At the ortho position, steric effects are likely to cause a significant alteration in the Hammett equation prediction, which otherwise follows the same trend as that of the para position.
Alabama spike
The Alabama spike (Elliptio arca) is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.

This species is endemic to the United States, where it occurs in river systems in Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia. Its range has declined significantly in the last 100 years and it will likely be extirpated from parts of its range in the near future.

It has previously been considered endangered, but there is too little current information to determine its present status.

Local extinction
Local extinction, also extirpation, is the termination of a species (or other taxon) in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinctions.

Local extinctions mark a change in the ecology of an area. It has sometimes been followed by a replacement of the species taken from other locations, such as with wolf reintroduction.
Achanalt
Achanalt (Gaelic: Achadh nan Allt) is a railway halt in Strath Bran, Ross and Cromarty, in the Scottish council area of Highland. It is served by a railway station on the Kyle of Lochalsh Line from Inverness to Kyle of Lochalsh.

Kyle of Lochalsh line
The Kyle of Lochalsh line is a primarily single-track railway line in the Scottish Highlands, from Dingwall to Kyle of Lochalsh. Many of the passengers are tourists, but there are also locals visiting Inverness for shopping, and commuters. All services are provided by ScotRail and run beyond Dingwall to Inverness. In the past there were some through services to and from Glasgow, Edinburgh or Aberdeen. None of the 63-mile (101 km) line is electrified, and all trains on the line are diesel-powered, as are all other trains in the Scottish Highlands.
The Very Best of The Human League (1998 album)
The Very Best of the Human League is a greatest hits compilation by British band The Human League. It was released in the US only in July 1998 by Ark 21 Records independently of The Human League, who were at the time signed to Eastwest Records.

The album includes the greatest hits released from the band, spanning from their debut album 1979's Reproduction, to their (then) most recent album Octopus.

The cover reuses the album cover from the 1995 version of Greatest Hits.

In 2003 a compilation album of the Human League's greatest hits with the same name was released by Virgin Records.

Octopus (The Human League album)
Octopus is the seventh full-length studio album recorded by the English synth-pop band The Human League. It was produced by the former Tears for Fears keyboard player Ian Stanley and released by EastWest Records in 1995. The album's title referenced the fact that it was their eighth album in total including their Greatest Hits album from 1988.  It was the first new album from The Human League in five years after the termination of their long-term contract with Virgin Records. Octopus was the first Human League album that presented the band as a trio consisting of the singers Philip Oakey, Joanne Catherall and Susan Ann Sulley. The former Human League member Jo Callis and keyboard player Neil Sutton also contributed to the writing of the album.

The album's sound is notable for almost exclusively featuring analogue synthesizers, a marked change from the band's primarily "digital" sound in the mid-to-late 1980s.