hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Statute of Frauds
The Statute of Frauds (29 Cha. 2. c. 3) (1677) is an act of the Parliament of England. In its original form it required that certain types of contracts, wills, and grants, and assignment or surrender of leases or interest in real property must be in writing and signed to avoid fraud on the court by perjury and the subornation of perjury. It also required that documents of the courts be signed and dated. Today it is mostly repealed; only section 4 remains, which is about guarantors.

Judgment (law)
In law, a judgment is a decision of a court regarding the rights and liabilities of parties in a legal action or proceeding. Judgments also generally provide the court's explanation of why it has chosen to make a particular court order.

Speakers of British English tend to use the term at the appellate level as synonymous with judicial opinion. American English speakers prefer to maintain a clear distinction between the opinion of an appellate court (setting forth reasons for the disposition of an appeal) and the judgment of an appellate court (the pronouncement of the disposition itself).

In Canadian English, the phrase "reasons for judgment" is often used interchangeably with "judgment," although the former refers to the court's justification of its judgment while the latter refers to the final court order regarding the rights and liabilities of the parties.
Kursath, Hardoi
Kursath is a town and a nagar panchayat in Hardoi district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It has ten wards named: Jawahar Nagar, Azad Nagar, Gauri Nagar, Pant Nagar, Rajendra Nagar, Patel Nagar, Gandhi Nagar, Subhash Nagar, Ram Nagar and Ashok Nagar.

Hardoi district
Hardoi district is a district situated in the center of Uttar Pradesh, India. The district headquarters is in the city of Hardoi. Hardoi is the third largest district of Uttar Pradesh. It falls under Lucknow division in the historical region of Awadh State.

As of the 2011 census, the total population of Hardoi district is 4,092,845 people, in 730,442 households. It is the 13th-most populous district in Uttar Pradesh.
Jjim
Jjim (Korean: 찜; Korean pronunciation: [tɕ͈im]) is a Korean cuisine term referring to dishes made by steaming or boiling meat, chicken, fish, or shellfish which have been marinated in a sauce or soup. The cooking technique originally referred to dishes cooked in a siru (시루, earthenware steamer mainly used for making tteok) by steaming. However, the name jjim has now come to imply a finished dish with a steamed appearance. The cooking method for most jjim dishes nowadays has changed to boiling the ingredients in broth and reducing the liquid. Pressure cookers are popular for making jjim as well.

Proteins galbi, beef shank or rump, chicken, fish, or shellfish are usually the main ingredients. The ingredients are marinated in a sauce, then put to a boil with a small amount of water. The liquid is then reduced. Various vegetables and other ingredients are added for enhanced flavor.

Shank (meat)
A meat shank or shin is the portion of meat around the tibia of the animal, the leg bone beneath the knee and shoulder.

Lamb shanks are often braised whole; veal shanks are typically cross-cut.

Some dishes made using shank include:

Bulalo, a Filipino beef shank stew.

Ossobuco alla milanese, an Italian veal shank dish.

Persian biryani, with different shanks.

Nihari, a spicy national dish of Pakistan and a popular dish in North India and Bangladesh with origin in Delhi, India.

Cazuela with beef shank meat, popular in 19th-century Chile during the nitrate boom.

Portuguese Bifana can be several kind of meats in a bun, but "the real thing" is considered to be "febras de porco", pork shanks.
George C. Axtell
Lieutenant General George C. Axtell (November 29, 1920 – August 20, 2011) was a United States Marine Corps general officer, a World War II flying ace, and a Navy Cross recipient. During World War II, he was the youngest commanding officer of a Marine fighter squadron. He also served in the Korean War and Vietnam War.

2nd Marine Aircraft Wing
The 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing (2nd MAW) is the major east coast aviation unit of the United States Marine Corps and is headquartered in Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina.  The Wing provides the aviation combat element for the II Marine Expeditionary Force.
Sarrah Le Marquand
Sarrah Le Marquand (53 years of age, born 12 August 1972): Graduated Oakhill College, 1990: www.dailytelegraph.com.au/newslocal/hills-shire-times/oakhill-colleges-most-outstanding-students/news-story/7b0cb2bf1408e22aabc7f0543369d935cn|date=July 2023}}) is an Australian journalist and media commentator. She is Head of Entertainment, audio and News360 and former editor of Stellar, a weekly magazine available in The Sunday Telegraph and Sunday Herald Sun. The current Stellar Content Director is Nicholas Fonseca. Le Marquand is a former regular guest and panellist on television shows The Project on Network 10 and semi-regular for Today on Nine Network. She previously was  a commentator on Sky News Australia, Q&A, The Drum, A Current Affair, The Morning Show, Sunrise and ABC Local Radio.

A Current Affair (Australian TV program)
A Current Affair (or ACA) is an Australian current affairs program airing weeknights and Saturday nights on the Nine Network. The program is currently hosted by Allison Langdon and Deborah Knight (Saturday).
Kwai Chung Estate North (constituency)
Kwai Chung Estate North (Chinese: 葵涌邨北) is one of the 31 constituencies of the Kwai Tsing District Council in Hong Kong. The seat elects one member of the council every four years. It was first created in the 2011 elections. Its boundary is loosely based on part of Kwai Chung Estate in Kwai Chung with estimated population of 20,053.

Kwai Tsing District Council
The Kwai Tsing District Council (Chinese: 葵青區議會; noted as KWT) is the district council for the Kwai Tsing District in Hong Kong. It is one of 18 such councils. It currently consists of 32 members of which 6 are directly elected from the three constituencies of the district, 12 district committee members, 13 appointed members, and one ex-officio member who is the Tsing Yi Rural Committee chairman. The latest election was held on 10 December 2023.
Veruscript
Veruscript was a London-based publisher of open access academic journals from November 2015 to May 2019.

The founders were husband and wife Gleb Cheblakov and Nazik Ibraimova via their company AGC Partners, funded by his father Andrey Cheglakov. In June 2016, Veruscript launched four journals and paid their peer reviewers from article processing charges.

In December 2016, Veruscript was the subject of allegations that it was involved in Russian attempts to influence the UK intelligence community via the Cambridge Intelligence Seminar. While denying the allegations, Veruscript decided to close the Journal of Intelligence and Terrorism Studies, which had been set up with Neil Kent, the convenor of the seminars.

Veruscript closed in May 2019 and articles from three journals, Cambridge Journal of Eurasian Studies, Journal of Intelligence and Terrorism Studies, and Veruscript Functional Nanomaterials, were made available via the Portico archiving service.

Ithaka Harbors
Ithaka Harbors, Inc. is an American not-for-profit, the parent company of digital library website JSTOR, the digital preservation service Portico, and the research and consulting group Ithaka S+R. Its stated mission is to "help the academic community use digital technologies to preserve the scholarly record and to advance research and teaching in sustainable ways". Ithaka was founded in 2003 by Kevin M. Guthrie. Ithaka's total revenue was $105 million in 2019, most of it ($79 million) from JSTOR service fees.
Aroma, Missouri
Aroma is an unincorporated community in southern Newton County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community is on the north bank of Hickory Creek 1.5 miles (2.4 km) east of Monark Springs. It is on Missouri Route H 2.5 miles (4.0 km) north of Sweetwater and 4.5 miles (7.2 km) east of Neosho.

Monark Springs, Missouri
Monark Springs is a ghost town in Newton County, Missouri, United States. It is located approximately five miles east of Neosho. The site is on the north bank of Hickory Creek about 1.5 miles east of U.S. Route 60. The spring associated with the town is located within the Hickory Creek floodplain approximately 500 feet to the southeast.
Shin Kusakawa
Shin Kusakawa (草川 信 (くさかわ しん)) (February 14, 1893, Nagano, Nagano, Japan - September 20, 1948) was a Japanese composer famous for his doyo, "夕やけこやけ (Yūyake koya ke)"/"Sunset Glow."

His eldest son, Hiroshi, was killed in World War II.  He was also a composer, and his works were discovered and performed in 2017.

Nagano (city)
Nagano (長野市, Nagano-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜɡano, naɡanoꜜɕi]) is the capital and largest city of Nagano Prefecture, located in the Nagano Basin (Zenkoji Daira) in the central Chūbu region of Japan. Nagano is categorized as a core city of Japan. Nagano City is the highest prefectural capital in Japan, with an altitude of 371.4 meters (1,219 ft).

The city is surrounded by mountains, the highest of which is Mount Takatsuma (2,353 m), and it is near the confluence of the Chikuma River—the longest and widest river in Japan—and the Sai River. As of 1 July 2023, the city had an estimated population of 365,296 in 160,625 households, and a population density of 438 persons per km². The total area of the city is 834.81 square kilometres (322.32 sq mi).
Wordie Creek Formation
The Wordie Creek Formation is an uppermost Permian and Lower Triassic geologic formation in Greenland, outcrops of which are located in Northeast Greenland National Park (until 2008 Tunu County, Danish: Østgrønland, English: East Greenland). In 2017, it was suggested to be raised to group status, as the Wordie Creek Group.

The Lower Triassic sediments in the region were discovered in 1926 independently by James Wordie and Lauge Koch, and the latter named the formation. The rock layers preserve fossils of invertebrates (e.g., ammonoids, gastropods), fishes (coelacanths, ray-finned fish, cartilaginous fish) and temnospondyl amphibians, dating back to the Induan age.

Chondrichthyes
Chondrichthyes (/kɒnˈdrɪkθiiːz/; from Ancient Greek  χόνδρος (khóndros) 'cartilage' and  ἰχθύς (ikhthús) 'fish') is a class of jawed fish that contains the cartilaginous fish or chondrichthyans, which all have skeletons primarily composed of cartilage. They can be contrasted with the Osteichthyes or bony fish, which have skeletons primarily composed of bone tissue. Chondrichthyes are aquatic vertebrates with paired fins, paired nares, placoid scales, conus arteriosus in the heart, and a lack of opercula and swim bladders. Within the infraphylum Gnathostomata, cartilaginous fishes are distinct from all other jawed vertebrates.

The class is divided into two subclasses: Elasmobranchii (sharks, rays, skates and sawfish) and Holocephali (chimaeras, sometimes called ghost sharks, which are sometimes separated into their own class).  Extant chondrichthyans range in size from the 10 cm (3.9 in) finless sleeper ray to the over 10 m (33 ft) whale shark.
Mussorgsky family
The House of Mussorgsky (Russian: Му́соргские), the name of an old Russian noble family, which is one of the branches of rich boyar family of Monastyryov, descendants of princes of Smolensk from Rurikid stock. The family traces its name to Roman Vasilyevich Monastyrev, nicknamed Mussorga (18th generation from Rurik). Peter Ivanovich Mussorgsky governed Staritsa in 1620. One representative of this family is the composer Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky.

Rurik
Rurik (also spelled Rorik, Riurik or Ryurik; Church Slavonic: Рюрикъ, romanized: Rjurikŭ; Old Norse: Hrøríkʀ; died 879) was a Varangian chieftain of the Rus' who, according to tradition, was invited to reign in Novgorod in the year 862. The Primary Chronicle states that Rurik was succeeded by his kinsman Oleg who was regent for his infant son Igor.

Traditionally, Rurik has been considered the founder of the Rurik dynasty, which was the ruling dynasty of Kievan Rus' and its principalities, and ultimately the Tsardom of Russia, until the death of Feodor I in 1598. As a result, he is considered to be the traditional founder of the Russian monarchy.
Timeless (gene)
Timeless (tim) is a gene in multiple species but is most notable for its role in Drosophila for encoding TIM, an essential protein that regulates circadian rhythm. Timeless mRNA and protein oscillate rhythmically with time as part of a transcription-translation negative feedback loop involving the period (per) gene and its protein.

Suprachiasmatic nucleus
The suprachiasmatic nucleus or nuclei (SCN) is a small region of the brain in the hypothalamus, situated directly above the optic chiasm. It is responsible for regulating sleep cycles in animals. Reception of light inputs from photosensitive retinal ganglion cells allow it to coordinate the subordinate cellular clocks of the body and entrain to the environment. The neuronal and hormonal activities it generates regulate many different body functions in an approximately 24-hour cycle.

The SCN also interacts with many other regions of the brain. It contains several cell types, neurotransmitters and peptides, including vasopressin and vasoactive intestinal peptide.

Disruptions or damage to the SCN has been associated with different mood disorders and sleep disorders, suggesting the significance of the SCN in regulating circadian timing.
Mustapha Raifak
Mustapha Raifak (born 9 September 1975 in Montreuil) is a French high jumper.

Raifak was a four-time All-American for the SMU Mustangs track and field team, finishing 5th in the high jump at the 2000 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships.

He finished seventh at the 2006 World Cup. He also competed at the 1997 World Championships and the 2006 World Indoor Championships without reaching the final round.

His personal best jump is 2.28 metres, achieved in July 1997 in Toulouse.

2000 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships
The 2000 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships were contested to determine the individual and team national champions of men's and women's NCAA collegiate indoor track and field events in the United States after the 1999–2000 season, the 36th annual meet for men and 18th annual meet for women.

The championships were held at the Randal Tyson Track Center at the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, Arkansas.

Three-time defending champions and hosts Arkansas won the men's team title, the Razorbacks' sixteenth.

UCLA won the women's team title, the Bruins' first.
Yorkshire Rugby Football Union
The Yorkshire Rugby Football Union is the governing body responsible for rugby union in the historic county of Yorkshire, England. It is one of the constituent bodies of the national Rugby Football Union having formed in 1869, the union was formerly called Yorkshire County Club.

The county has won the county championship on 15 occasions, and finished as runners-up on a further eight occasions. The Yorkshire RFU also organises the Yorkshire Cup, which was inaugurated in 1878.

Sports governing body
A sports governing body is a sports organization that has a regulatory or sanctioning function.

Sports governing bodies come in various forms and have a variety of regulatory functions, including disciplinary procedure for rule infractions and deciding on rule
changes in the sport that they govern. Governing bodies have different scopes. They may cover a range of sport at an internationally acceptable level, such as the International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympic Committee, or only a single sport at a national level, such as the Rugby Football League. National bodies will largely have to be affiliated with international bodies for the same sport. The first international federations were formed at the end of the 19th century.
Cinthia Zermeño Moore
Cinthia Zermeño Moore is an American politician. She has been a member of the Nevada Assembly since 2024. A member of the Democratic Party, she was elected in the 2024 Nevada Assembly election. She was born in Jalisco, Mexico. Her family moved to the Las Vegas Valley over 30 years ago. She was Coordinator of the Environmental Justice Coalition.

2024 Nevada Assembly election
Elections to the Nevada Assembly was held on November 5, 2024. Elections were also be held in the state for U.S. President, U.S. Senate, U.S. House of Representatives, and for the Nevada Senate. Primary elections were held on June 11, 2024.

Republicans made a gain of one seat and broke the Democratic two-thirds supermajority, but they were unable to make further gains. The Nevada Independent partially attributed the underwhelming Republican gains to the impact of gerrymandering imposed by the Democratic-controlled Nevada Legislature in 2021.
Agueh
Agueh is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dossi Sekonou Gloria Agueh, a Beninese women's rights activist

Eric Agueh (born 13 April 1972), a Beninese sprinter

Maxime Agueh (born 1 April 1978), a Beninese footballer

Dossi Sekonou Gloria Agueh
Dossi Sekonou Gloria Agueh is a Beninese women's rights activist. She is the founder and president of the Network of Women Leaders for Development (RFLD).

In 2023 she received an honorary award from Humanitarian Awards Global.
Baddiley
Baddiley is a scattered settlement and civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. The civil parish also includes the north-western part of the village of Ravensmoor (also in the parish of Burland), as well as the small settlements of Baddiley Hulse, Batterley Hill, and parts of Gradeley Green and Swanley. According to the 2001 Census the parish had a total population of 226, increasing at the 2011 Census to 249.

The largest settlement within the parish, Ravensmoor centres on a crossroads with a small village green. It lies around six miles (ten kilometres) southwest of Crewe.

Village green
A village green is a common open area within a village or other settlement. Historically, a village green was common grassland with a pond for watering cattle and other animals, often at the edge of a rural settlement, used for gathering cattle to bring them later on to a common land for grazing. Later, planned greens were built into the centres of villages.

The village green also provided, and may still provide, an open-air meeting place for the local people, which may be used for public celebrations, such as May Day festivities. The term is used more broadly to encompass woodland, moorland, sports grounds, buildings, roads and urban parks.
Don Wright (athlete)
Donald Ernest Wright (born 26 April 1959) is a retired Australian high hurdler, who reached the semi-finals of his event at the 1983 World Championships and the 1984 Summer Olympics. He was a two-time bronze medallist in at the Commonwealth Games in 1982 and 1986. He is also a seven-time national champion in the 110 m hurdles.

Donald Wright held the prestigious high school record for the 110m hurdles at Warwick State High until it was sensationally broken by Peter Tuthill 8 years after it was set. Peter gave up his athletics career to become one of Australia’s most accomplished astrophysicists.

Athletics at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's 110 metres hurdles
The men's 110 metres hurdles event at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California took place on 5 and 6 August 1984. Twenty-six athletes from 17 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was won by Roger Kingdom of the United States, the nation's first championship since 1972 and 16th title in the event overall. Arto Bryggare's bronze was Finland's first medal in the men's high hurdles.
Nathan Goff Jr. House
Nathan Goff Jr. House is a former historic home located at Clarksburg, Harrison County, West Virginia.  It was built between 1880 and 1883, and was a three-story brick dwelling in a combined Queen Anne / Second Empire style.  It featured a slate-covered mansard roof.  It was the home of Nathan Goff Jr. (1843–1920) and his son Guy D. Goff (1866–1933), who both served as United States senators from West Virginia.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 and recognized as a contributing building to the Clarksburg Downtown Historic District in 1982.  It was delisted in 1994, after demolition in 1993.

Guy D. Goff
Guy Despard Goff (September 13, 1866 – January 7, 1933) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a United States senator from West Virginia. Earlier in his career, he was United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Wisconsin and served in various roles in the United States Department of Justice.
Lever frame
Mechanical railway signalling installations rely on lever frames for their operation to interlock the signals, track locks and points to allow the safe operation of trains in the area the signals control. Usually located in the signal box, the levers are operated either by the signalman or the pointsman.

The world's largest lever frame is believed to have been in the Spencer Street No.1 signal box in Melbourne, Australia, which had 191 levers, but was decommissioned in 2008. The largest, currently operational, lever frame is located at Severn Bridge Junction in Shrewsbury, England, and has 180 levers; although most of them have now been taken out of use.

Switchman
A switchman (North America) also known as pointsman (British Isles) or yardman (Commonwealth) is a rail transport worker whose original job was to operate various railway switches or points on a railroad.  It also refers to a person who assists in moving cars in a railway yard or terminal.
1st Battlecruiser Squadron
The First Battlecruiser Squadron was a Royal Navy squadron of battlecruisers that saw service as part of the Grand Fleet during the First World War.  It was created in 1909 as the First Cruiser Squadron and was renamed in 1913 to First Battle Cruiser Squadron.  It participated in the battles of Heligoland Bight, Dogger Bank and the Battle of Jutland.  After the end of the war it became the sole Battlecruiser Squadron.

HMS Indomitable (1907)
HMS Indomitable  was one of three Invincible-class battlecruisers built for the Royal Navy before World War I and had an active career during the war. She tried to hunt down the German ships Goeben and Breslau in the Mediterranean when war broke out and bombarded Turkish fortifications protecting the Dardanelles even before the British declared war on Turkey in the Pursuit of Goeben and Breslau She helped to sink the German armoured cruiser Blücher during the Battle of Dogger Bank in 1915 and towed the damaged British battlecruiser HMS Lion to safety after the battle. She damaged the German battlecruisers Seydlitz and Derfflinger during the Battle of Jutland in mid-1916 and watched her sister ship HMS Invincible explode. Deemed obsolete after the war, she was sold for scrap in 1921.
AfterLife (album)
AfterLife is the ninth studio album by American heavy metal band Five Finger Death Punch, released on August 19, 2022, via Better Noise. It is the first album since 2007's The Way of the Fist not to feature longtime lead guitarist Jason Hook, who was replaced by Andy James in 2020.

Better Noise Music
Better Noise Music is an American record label founded in 2006 by Allen Kovac, CEO of 10th Street Entertainment. The label was previously known as Eleven Seven Label Group with Eleven Seven, Five Seven and Better Noise Records as imprints. They are an artist development label, developing new bands in the rock music genre. The label recently announced an expanded alliance with FUGA and was named 2019 Active Rock Label of the Year for the second consecutive year.  In early 2020, Kovac launched sister company, Better Noise Films.

The Eleven Seven Music label was the home of recording artists Papa Roach, and others.