hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Samuel Smiles
Samuel Smiles (23 December 1812 – 16 April 1904) was a British author and government reformer. Although he campaigned on a Chartist platform, he promoted the idea that more progress would come from new attitudes than from new laws. His primary work, Self-Help (1859), promoted thrift and claimed that poverty was caused largely by irresponsible habits, while also attacking materialism and laissez-faire government. It has been called "the bible of mid-Victorian liberalism" and had lasting effects on British political thought.

Boulton and Watt
Boulton & Watt was an early British engineering and manufacturing firm in the business of designing and making marine and stationary steam engines. Founded in the English West Midlands around Birmingham in 1775 as a partnership between the English manufacturer Matthew Boulton and the Scottish engineer James Watt, the firm had a major role in the Industrial Revolution and grew to be a major producer of steam engines in the 19th century.
2024 Porto Open – Men's doubles
Toshihide Matsui and Kaito Uesugi were the defending champions but lost in the quarterfinals to Arjun Kadhe and Arthur Reymond.

Sander Arends and Luke Johnson won the title after defeating Joshua Paris and Ramkumar Ramanathan 6–3, 6–2 in the final.

Joshua Paris
Joshua Paris (born 6 March 1996) is a British tennis player who specializes in doubles. He competes mainly on the ATP Challenger Tour.

Paris has a career high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 96 achieved on 24 November 2025 and a career high singles ranking of No. 769 achieved on 5 August 2019.
2015 Mersin Cup – Doubles
Radu Albot and Jaroslav Pospíšil were the defending champions, but Pospíšil did not play. Albot partnered with Matteo Viola, but they lost to Riccardo Ghedin and Ramkumar Ramanathan in the first round.

Mate Pavić and Michael Venus won the title, defeating Ghedin and Ramanathan in the final, 5–7, 6–3, [10–4].

Jaroslav Pospíšil
Jaroslav Pospíšil (Czech pronunciation: [ˈjaroslaf ˈpospiːʃɪl]; born 9 February 1981) is a Czech tennis coach and a former professional player who competed on the ITF Futures and ATP Challenger tours. On 23 May 2011 he reached his highest ATP singles ranking of world No. 103. On 1 October 2012, he reached his best doubles ranking of No. 115.

To date, Pospíšil has reached 53 singles finals on the ATP Challenger and ITF Futures tours, from which he has won 28 titles. On the same tours, he has won 64 doubles titles after reaching a total of 101 doubles finals.
Afkhami
Afkhami is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Behrooz Afkhami (born 1956), Iranian film director and screenwriter

Gholam Reza Afkhami (1936–2024), Iranian historian

Mahnaz Afkhami (born 1941), Iranian academic, activist, and writer

Shahruz Afkhami (born 1962), Iranian politician

Behrouz Afkhami
Behrouz Afkhami (Persian: بهروز افخمی; born October 24, 1956) is an Iranian film director and screenwriter. He is known for a style that utilizes point of view camera techniques to portray stories of human drama. He was also member of the Iranian Parliament from 2000 to 2004. He was the host of the third series of the television program, Haft.
Collins Ramusi
Molapatene Collins Ramusi (died June 1996) was a South African politician and lawyer who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from 1994 until his death in 1996. He was formerly a prominent politician in Lebowa, where he was Minister of the Interior.

Interior minister
An interior minister (sometimes called a minister of internal affairs or minister of home affairs) is a cabinet official position that is responsible for internal affairs, such as public security, civil registration and identification, emergency management, supervision of regional and local governments, conduct of elections, public administration and immigration (including passport issuance) matters. This position is head of a department that is often called an interior ministry, a ministry of internal affairs or a ministry of home affairs. In some jurisdictions, there is no department called an "interior ministry", but the relevant responsibilities are allocated to other departments.
Al-Rusafa, Syria
Al-Rusafa (Arabic: الرصافة Ruṣāfa, also spelled Rassafah, Rosafah or Resafi) is a Syrian village located in the Masyaf Subdistrict in Masyaf District, located west of Hama and about 10 kilometers southwest of Masyaf. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Rusafa had a population of 1,608 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites. It is the site of a former Ismaili fortress.

Hama
Hama (Arabic: حَمَاة Ḥamāh, [ħaˈmaː]) is a city on the banks of the Orontes River in west-central Syria. It is located 213 kilometres (132 mi) north of Damascus and 46 km (29 mi) north of Homs. It is the provincial capital of the Hama Governorate, which is the only Governorate with no land borders with any foreign countries. With a population of 996,000 (2023 census), Hama is one of the four largest cities in Syria, with Damascus, Aleppo and Homs. Hama is known for its cheese-making tradition, notably reflected in a signature local dessert Halawet el Jibn.

The city is renowned for its seventeen norias used for watering the gardens, which are claimed to date back to 1100 BC. Though historically used for irrigation, the norias are used purely for show today and currently serve no direct purpose, being used as a tourist attraction and a symbol of the city, also this city is popular in protest during the assad regime (ex: Yalla Erhal Ya Bashar (song)
Snowboarding at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Men's parallel giant slalom
The men's parallel giant slalom competition in snowboarding at the 2022 Winter Olympics was held on 8 February, at the Genting Snow Park in Zhangjiakou. The event was won by Benjamin Karl of Austria, the 2010 silver and 2014 bronze medalist. Tim Mastnak of Slovenia won silver, his first Olympic medal. Vic Wild, the 2014 champion, representing the Russian Olympic Committee, won the bronze medal.

Nevin Galmarini was the defending champion. He did not qualify for the elimination round. The 2018 silver medalist, Lee Sang-ho, and the bronze medalist, Žan Košir, qualified for the Olympics as well. At the 2021–22 FIS Snowboard World Cup, five parallel giant slalom events were held before the Olympics. Stefan Baumeister was leading the ranking, followed by Lee and Dmitry Loginov. Loginov was the 2021 world champion, with Roland Fischnaller and Andrey Sobolev being the silver and bronze medalists, respectively.

Nevin Galmarini
Nevin Galmarini (born 4 December 1986) is a Swiss snowboarder and Olympic Champion. In February 2018, Nevin Galmarini won a gold medal at the Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea in the Parallel giant slalom. In 2009, he won the Swiss nationalships and became the Swiss champion in parallel giant slalom. He competed in the parallel giant slalom for Switzerland during the 2010 Winter Olympic games in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada and in the 2014 Winter Olympic games in Sochi, Russia where he won the silver medal. He currently resides in Ardez, Switzerland.
Puss in Boots (soundtrack)
Puss in Boots (Music from the Motion Picture) is the score album to the 2011 film of the same name, released by Sony Classical Records on October 26, 2011. The album featured 22 tracks from the original score composed by Henry Jackman, and two songs performed by the Mexican guitar duo Rodrigo y Gabriela: "Diablo Rojo" and "Hanuman" being included. Lady Gaga's song "Americano" was also featured in the film, but not included in the soundtrack. The music was positively received by critics and fans, and received him a nomination for Annie Award for Music in a Feature Production, but lost to John Williams for his score in The Adventures of Tintin (2011). The score is one of Jackman's film score catalog acquired by Reservoir Media in March 2022.

Annie Award for Outstanding Achievement for Music in a Feature Production
The Annie Award for Outstanding Achievement for Music in a Feature Production (or Annie Award for Outstanding Achievement for Music in an Animated Feature Production) is an Annie Award given annually to the best music in an animated feature film, theatrical or direct-to-video. It began in 1997 as the Annie Award for "Best Individual Achievement: Music in a Feature/Home Video Production". Throughout the following years, the title was renamed "Outstanding Individual Achievement for Music in an Animated Feature Production", "Outstanding Individual Achievement for Music Score in an Animated Feature Production", and "Outstanding Music in an Animated Feature Production" before changing to its current title in 2005. It was retitled "Best Music in an Animated Feature Production" in 2006 for three years before being reverted to "Music in an Animated Feature Production" in 2009.
Requiem for a Gringo
Requiem for a Gringo (Italian: Requiem per un gringo, Spanish: Réquiem para el gringo, also known as Duel in the Eclipse) is a 1968 Italian-Spanish Spaghetti Western film directed by Eugenio Martín and José Luis Merino and starring Lang Jeffries, Fernando Sancho and Femi Benussi. It is most known for the gore and psychedelic elements. It is the only western film of the Eurospy and peplum film genre star Lang Jeffries. The film is partially based on Masaki Kobayashi's film Harakiri.

Harakiri (1962 film)
Harakiri (切腹, Seppuku) is a 1962 Japanese jidaigeki film directed by Masaki Kobayashi. The story takes place between 1619 and 1630 during the Edo period and the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate. It tells the story of the rōnin Hanshirō Tsugumo, who requests to commit seppuku (harakiri) within the manor of a local feudal lord, using the opportunity to explain the events that drove him to ask for death before an audience of samurai. The film continues to receive critical acclaim, often considered one of the greatest films of all time.
Masha Mansoor
Masha Mansoor is a town and a union council in the Lakki Marwat District of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. Masha and Mansoor are two separate villages. Masha belongs to Malak Masha (the Khan or head of the Malaks).

Lakki Marwat District
Lakki Marwat (Pashto: لکي مروت ولسوالۍ, Urdu: ضلع لکی مروت) is a district in  the Bannu Division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It was created as an administrative district on 1 July 1992, prior to which it was a tehsil of Bannu District.
Sniper: Ultimate Kill
Sniper: Ultimate Kill is a 2017 American action film directed by Claudio Fäh and starring Chad Michael Collins, Billy Zane, and Tom Berenger. The film is the seventh installment of the Sniper film series (following 2016's Sniper: Ghost Shooter), and the first to feature both Berenger and Zane since the original movie. It was released direct-to-video on October 3, 2017.

Tom Berenger
Thomas Michael Moore (born May 31, 1949), known professionally as Tom Berenger, is an American actor. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and won a Golden Globe Award for his portrayal of the Staff Sergeant Bob Barnes in Platoon (1986). He is also known for playing Jake Taylor in the Major League films and Thomas Beckett in the Sniper films.

Other films he appeared in include Looking for Mr. Goodbar (1977), The Dogs of War (1980), The Big Chill (1983), Eddie and the Cruisers (1983), Someone to Watch Over Me (1987), Betrayed (1988), The Field (1990), Sniper (1993), Gettysburg (1993), The Substitute (1996), Training Day (2001), and Inception (2010). He won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie for his performance as Jim Vance in the 2012 miniseries Hatfields & McCoys.
Communications Workers of America
The Communications Workers of America (CWA) is the largest communications and media labor union in the United States, representing about 700,000 members in both the private and public sectors (also in Canada and Puerto Rico). The union has 27 locals in Canada via CWA-SCA Canada (French: Syndicat des communications d'Amérique) representing about 8,000 members. CWA has several affiliated subsidiary labor unions bringing total membership to over 700,000. CWA is headquartered in Washington, DC, and affiliated with the AFL–CIO, the Strategic Organizing Center, the Canadian Labour Congress, and UNI Global Union.

UNI Global Union
UNI Global Union, formally Union Network International (UNI), is a global union federation for the skills and services sectors, uniting national and regional trade unions. It has affiliated unions in 150 countries representing 20 million workers. The Global headquarters is in Nyon, Switzerland. UNI Global Union ratified over 50 Global Framework Agreements with multinational corporations including ABN AMRO, Carrefour, H&M, DHL, Telefonica, BNP Orange and Banco de Brazil, Inditex Group, Kimberly Clark among others as of 2021.
Niška Banja
Niška Banja (Serbian Cyrillic: Нишка Бања) is a town and one of five city municipalities which constitute the city of Niš. It is also one of the spa resorts in Serbia. It is located 9 kilometres (6 mi) east of Niš.

According to the 2011 census, the population of the town is 4,380, while the population of the municipality is 14,098.

Municipalities and cities of Serbia
The municipalities and cities (Serbian: општине и градови / opštine i gradovi) are the first-level administrative division and the basic level of local government of Serbia. The country is divided into 145 municipalities and 29 cities.

Municipalities and cities form 29 administrative districts, except the City of Belgrade which is not part of any district.
Erg Mountain Provincial Park
Erg Mountain Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada.

The park is spread over an area of 1,011 hectares. In its interior parts, starting from the slopes of the valley above the Upper Fraser Trench, the park consists of cedar hemlock forests. From these forests, the park continues on to higher altitudes, reaching the sub-alpine and alpine areas near the Erg Mountain. This mountain, which is an old hiking destination, is known for the magnificent vistas it offers of the Upper Fraser Valley along with the mountain range in the vicinity. When the weather is clear, the prominent Mount Sir Alexander is visible.

Provincial park
A provincial park (or territorial park) is a park administered by one of the provinces of a country, as opposed to a national park. They are similar to state parks in other countries. They are typically open to the public for recreation. Their environment may be more or less strictly protected.
Funeral of Yuri Gagarin and Vladimir Seryogin
The funeral of cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin and test-pilot Vladimir Seryogin took place on 29–30 March 1968.

Gagarin, the first human in space, died in a training flight with his instructor Vladimir Seryogin on 27 March 1968. Both had received numerous recognitions, including the Hero of the Soviet Union, during their lifetimes.

A period of national mourning was declared for the first time in Soviet history for a person who was not a national leader and for of a person who died while performing work for the state.

The funeral consisted of a joint ceremony, a funeral procession and the burial of their funerary urns in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis in Moscow. Funeral wreaths were sent by all Soviet republics and a number of foreign countries. During the funeral procession, the urns were carried by Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev and senior Communist Party members – Alexei Kosygin and Nikolai Podgorny.

Funeral procession
A funeral procession is a procession, usually in motor vehicles or on foot, from a funeral home or place of worship to the cemetery or crematorium. In earlier times the deceased was typically carried by male family members on a bier or in a coffin to the final resting place. This practice has shifted over time toward transporting the deceased in a hearse, while family and friends follow in their vehicles. The transition from the procession by foot to procession by car can be attributed to two main factors; the switch to burying or cremating the body at locations far from the funeral site and the introduction of motorized vehicles and public transportation making processions by foot through the street no longer practical.
1983 Nigerian coup d'état
A military coup took place in Nigeria on 31 December 1983. It was coordinated by key officers of the Nigerian military and led to the ousting of the democratically elected government of President Shehu Shagari and the installation of Major General Muhammadu Buhari as head of state.

Tunde Ogbeha
Jonathan Tunde Ogbeha Listenⓘ (born 1945) is a Nigerian politician and retired brigadier general who served as the administrator of Akwa Ibom State and then of Bendel State during the military rule of General Ibrahim Babangida (1985–1993). After the return to democracy in 1999, he was elected senator for the Kogi West constituency of Kogi State from May 1999 to May 2007. A biography on Ogbeha titled "Jonathan Tunde Ogbeha: A Noble Path" was written by Innocent Nzeke Waniko, a journalist, and presented publicly on 1 September 2017. The book chronicles the early life and comprehensively captures the life and career of Ogbeha.
Anil Goyal
Anil Goyal is an Indian politician from Bharatiya Janata Party from Delhi. He was elected as a Member of the Legislative Assembly in the 8th Delhi Assembly from Krishna Nagar Assembly constituency, defeating the Aam Admi Party's Vikas Bagga by 19,498 votes.

Krishna Nagar Assembly constituency
Krishna Nagar Assembly constituency is one of the 70 legislative assembly constituencies of Delhi in northern India. Krishna Nagar assembly constituency is a part of East Delhi Lok Sabha constituency. Bharatiya Janata Party's Anil Goyal defeated Aam Aadmi Party's candidate Vikas Bagga by 19,494 votes in the 2025 assembly election.
WERC-FM
WERC-FM (105.5 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Hoover, Alabama, United States, and serving Greater Birmingham. It is owned by iHeartMedia and simulcasts a talk format with WERC 960 AM. The station's studios and offices are on First Avenue South in Birmingham, off Interstate 65.

WERC-FM's transmitter is sited atop Red Mountain, off Valley Avenue in Birmingham. WERC-FM broadcasts using HD Radio technology. Its digital subchannels carry urban gospel and urban adult contemporary formats, which in turn feed two FM translators.

Red Mountain (Birmingham)
Red Mountain is a long ridge running southwest-northeast and dividing Jones Valley from Shades Valley south of Birmingham, Alabama. It is part of the Ridge-and-Valley region of the Appalachian Mountains. The Red Mountain Formation of hard Silurian rock strata lies exposed in several long crests, and was named "Red Mountain" because of the rust-stained rock faces and prominent seams of red hematite iron ore. The mountain was the site of several mines that supplied iron ore to Birmingham's iron furnaces. Most of Birmingham's television and radio stations have transmission towers located on Red Mountain.

Red Mountain is also home to Red Mountain Park, one of the largest urban parks in the United States at 1,500 acres (6.1 km2).
Barkly Homestead
Barkly Homestead is a roadhouse in the Northern Territory of Australia  located on the Barkly Tableland. It is located near the intersection of the Barkly Highway and the Tablelands Highway between the Queensland Border town of Camooweal and the Northern Territory town of Tennant Creek. The roadhouse provides, fuel, meals, snacks, camping, motel, cabin, and powered caravan sites to travellers. It is the only stop between the Stuart Highway and the border of Queensland.

Roadhouse (premises)
A roadhouse, or road house, is a small mixed-use premises, typically built on or near a major road in a sparsely populated area or an isolated desert region, that serves passing travellers, providing food, drinks, accommodation, fuel, and parking spaces to the guests and their vehicles. The premises generally consist of just a single building.

The word's meaning varies somewhat by country. The historical equivalent was often known as a coaching inn, providing food, drinks, and rest to people and horses.
2020 German Figure Skating Championships
The 2020 German Figure Skating Championships (German: Deutsche Meisterschaften im Eiskunstlaufen 2020) were held on January 1–3, 2020 at the Eissportzentrum Oberstdorf in Oberstdorf. Skaters competed in the disciplines of men's and women's singles at the senior level and pair skating and ice dance at the senior, junior, and novice levels.

Single skating competitions at the junior and novice levels were held on December 13–15, 2019, at the Eissportzentrum Herzogenried in Mannheim.

The results of the national championships were among the criteria used to choose the German teams for the 2020 European Championships, 2020 Winter Youth Olympics, 2020 World Championships, and 2020 Junior World Championships.

Oberstdorf
Oberstdorf (German pronunciation: [ˈoːbɐstˌdɔʁf] ⓘ; Low Alemannic: Oberschdorf) is a  municipality located in the Allgäu region of the Bavarian Alps of southern Germany. It is the southernmost settlement in Germany, and being one of its highest towns, is known for its skiing and hiking parks.

At the center of Oberstdorf is a church whose tall spire serves as a landmark for navigating around town. The summits of the Nebelhorn and Fellhorn provide dramatic panoramic views of the alps. The Nebelhorn can be reached with a big cable car. Visitors can ride a unique diagonal elevator to the top of the Heini-Klopfer-Skiflugschanze.
George J. Armelagos
George J. Armelagos (May 22, 1936 – May 15, 2014) was an American anthropologist, and Goodrich C. White Professor of Anthropology at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia. Armelagos significantly impacted the field of physical anthropology and biological anthropology. His work has provided invaluable contributions to the theoretical and methodological understanding human disease, diet and human variation within an evolutionary context. Relevant topics include epidemiology, paleopathology, paleodemography, bioarchaeology, evolutionary medicine, and the social interpretations of race, among others.

Armelagos is regarded as one of the founders of paleopathology and nutritional anthropology.

Nutritional anthropology
Nutritional anthropology is the study of the interplay between human biology, economic systems, nutritional status and food security. If economic and environmental changes in a community affect access to food, food security, and dietary health, then this interplay between culture and biology is in turn connected to broader historical and economic trends associated with globalization. Nutritional status affects overall health status, work performance potential, and the overall potential for economic development (either in terms of human development or traditional Western models) for any given group of people.
Amwell Valley
The Amwell Valley is a small valley in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, between the Hunterdon Plateau and the Sourlands.  It comprises Stockton, parts of Delaware Township, West Amwell, East Amwell, Flemington and Raritan Township.  The region borders the Delaware River to the west and the South Branch Raritan River to the east.  The entire area has elevations around 200 feet above sea level.  US 202 (including a shared section with NJ 31) is the main route running west to east through the valley.  Old York Road also passes through the valley, taking a generally more southern route (Old York crosses 202 twice in the area) through Raritan and along the Sourlands at Mount Airy.  Like the Hunterdon Plateau, Amwell Valley still has a large number of farms due to its sufficient climate, relatively flat land and the presence of silt-loams soils.  The valley is home to  Unionville Winery and Old York Cellars in Ringoes.

Unionville Vineyards
Unionville Vineyard is a winery in the Unionville section of East Amwell in Hunterdon County, New Jersey. Originally part of the largest peach orchard in the United States, the vineyard was first planted in 1988, and opened to the public in 1993. Unionville has 41 acres of grapes under cultivation, and produces 4,500 cases of wine per year. The winery is named for a former village near where the farm is located.