hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Malet Armstrong
David Malet Armstrong AO FAHA (8 July 1926 – 13 May 2014), often D. M. Armstrong, was an Australian philosopher. He is well known for his work on metaphysics and the philosophy of mind, and for his defence of a factualist ontology, a functionalist theory of the mind, an externalist epistemology, and a necessitarian conception of the laws of nature.

Keith Campbell said that Armstrong's contributions to metaphysics and epistemology "helped to shape philosophy's agenda and terms of debate", and that Armstrong's work "always concerned to elaborate and defend a philosophy which is ontically economical, synoptic, and compatibly continuous with established results in the natural sciences".

Internalism and externalism
Internalism and externalism are two opposite ways of integrating and explaining various subjects in several areas of philosophy. These include human motivation, knowledge, justification, meaning, and truth. The distinction arises in many areas of debate with similar but distinct meanings. Internal–external distinction is a distinction used in philosophy to divide an ontology into two parts: an internal part concerning observation related to philosophy, and an external part concerning question related to philosophy.

Internalism is the thesis that no fact about the world can provide reasons for action independently of desires and beliefs. Externalism is the thesis that reasons are to be identified with objective features of the world.
Kotda Bujurg
Kotda Bujurg is a village situated in the Garoth Tehsil of Mandsaur District in Madhya Pradesh, India. It is situated between multiple mountain ranges and is roughly 91 kilometers east of Mandsaur city. Located in the Ujjain Division, the village is known for its agricultural pursuits and cultural legacy.

Ujjain division
Ujjain Division is an administrative geographical unit of Madhya Pradesh state of India. Ujjain is the administrative headquarters of the division. As of 2005, the division consists of the districts of Dewas, Mandsaur, Neemuch, Ratlam, Shajapur, Agar Malwa and Ujjain.
Coppock (surname)
Coppock is the surname of the following people:

Barclay Coppock (1839–1861), American soldier

Chet Coppock, American radio broadcaster, television broadcaster, sports talk personality and author

Dick Coppock (1885–1971), British trade unionist and politician

Edwin Coppock (1835–1859), American soldier, brother of Barclay

Fred Coppock (1905–1965), Australian rules footballer

Kevin Coppock (1932–2016), Australian rules footballer

Laurel Coppock (born 1977), American comedic actress

John Terence Coppock (1921–2000), British geographer

Laurel Coppock
Laurel Coppock is an American comedic actress. Coppock has appeared in several TV series and TV movies, and as a member of the Main Company of The Groundlings in Los Angeles. She is best known for her lengthy appearance in the role as "Jan" in a series of Toyota commercials, beginning in 2012 and continuing into 2025.
Chris Reed (architect)
Chris Reed is an American landscape architect and urbanist. He is a professor in Practice of Landscape Architecture at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design and the co-director of its Master of Landscape Architecture in Urban Design Program. He is also the founding Director of  Stoss Landscape Urbanism, a landscape architecture and urban design practice in Boston and Los Angeles, US.

Harvard Graduate School of Design
The Harvard Graduate School of Design (GSD) is the graduate school of design at Harvard University, a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It offers master's and doctoral programs in architecture, landscape architecture, urban planning, urban design, real estate, design engineering, and design studies.

The GSD has over 13,000 alumni and has graduated many famous architects, urban planners, and landscape architects. The school is considered a global academic leader in design fields.

The GSD has the world's oldest landscape architecture program (founded in 1893) and North America's oldest urban planning program (founded in 1900). Architecture was first taught at Harvard University in 1874. The Graduate School of Design was officially established in 1936, combining the three fields of landscape architecture, urban planning, and architecture under one graduate school.
Ted Page
Ted Page (born June 11, 1942) is a former defensive back in the Canadian Football League  (CFL) who played on two Grey Cup winning teams.

A North Bay, Ontario native, Page started his career with the Montreal Alouettes, playing 38 regular season games. He next moved to the Hamilton Tiger-Cats, where he won 2 Grey Cups in 6 years, and finished his football career with the Edmonton Eskimos in 1971. He was mostly adept as a defensive back, intercepting a career-high of 4 balls with the Tiger Cats in 1965 and 1969, but was also used as a punt returner and a kick returner, scoring one touchdown as the latter in 1964.

North Bay, Ontario
North Bay is a city in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is the seat of Nipissing District and takes its name from its position on the shore of Lake Nipissing. It developed as a railroad centre and its airport was an important military location during the Cold War.
Lactarius subtorminosus
Lactarius subtorminosus is a member of the "milk-cap" genus Lactarius in the order Russulales. Described as new to science by William Chambers Coker in 1918, it is known from North America. The whitish to cream-colored cap reaches 5–6 cm (2.0–2.4 in) in diameter and is tomentose, with margins folded inward. The gills are packed closely together, and are cream when mature. Gills that are cut will first turn pink then light brown. The stem is about 1.5 cm (0.6 in) long and 1.1–1.5 cm (0.4–0.6 in) thick, white overall with a few cream dots, and covered with a dense layer of small hairs. When cut or injured, the fruit bodies will ooze a sparse whitish latex with a taste similar to cypress wood. The spores are roughly spherical, warted, and measure 5.8–6.5 by 6.5–7 μm. Lactarius subtorminosus may be distinguished from the similar L. torminosus by its milder latex and smaller spores.

Pileus (mycology)
In mycology, the pileus (pl.: pilei) is the cap or cap-like part of a basidiocarp or ascocarp (fungal fruiting body) that supports a spore-bearing surface, the hymenium. The hymenium (hymenophore) may consist of lamellae, tubes, or teeth, on the underside of the pileus. A pileus is characteristic of agarics, boletes, some polypores, tooth fungi, and some ascomycetes.

The word pileus comes from the Latin for a type of felt cap.
Stephan Grundy
Stephan Scott Grundy (June 28, 1967 – September 29, 2021), also known by the pen-name Kveldulf Gundarsson, was an American author, scholar, goði and proponent of Asatru. He published more than two dozen books and several papers. He is best known for his modern adaptations of legendary sagas and was also a non-fiction writer on Germanic mythology, Germanic paganism, and Germanic neopaganism.

Saga
Sagas are prose stories and histories, composed in Iceland and to a lesser extent elsewhere in Scandinavia.

The most famous saga-genre is the sagas of Icelanders, which feature Viking voyages, migration to Iceland, and feuds between Icelandic families. However, sagas' subject matter is diverse, including pre-Christian Scandinavian legends; saints and bishops both from Scandinavia and elsewhere; Scandinavian kings and contemporary Icelandic politics; and chivalric romances either translated from Continental European languages or composed locally.

Sagas originated in the Middle Ages, but continued to be composed in the ensuing centuries. Whereas the dominant language of history-writing in medieval Europe was Latin, sagas were composed in the vernacular: Old Norse and its later descendants, primarily Icelandic.

While sagas are written in prose, they share some similarities with epic poetry, and often include stanzas or whole poems in alliterative verse embedded in the text.
Zaks (surname)
Zaks is a surname. Among Jews, it can be a variant of the German surname, Sachs, the patronymic variant of the Hebrew biblical male personal name Yitzchak/Isaac or it can originate in the acronym surname Za'Ks, which stands for the Hebrew words, Zera Kodesh Shemo, literally meaning "his name is Holy Seed," a quotation from Isaiah 6:13 and implying "his name descends from martyrs." This acronym can also refer to the town of martyrdom, such as Speyer or Stendal, indicating a holy martyr from such a town. Notable people with the surname include:

Amram Zaks (1926–2012), Israeli Rosh yeshiva

Hillel Zaks (1931-2015), Israeli Rosh yeshiva

Jerry Zaks (born 1946), German actor

Mendel Zaks (1898–1974), American rabbi

Rodnay Zaks (born 1946), American author

Shmuel Zaks (born 1949), Israeli scientist

Hillel Zaks
Hillel Zaks (Hebrew: הלל זקס; February 2, 1931 – January 13, 2015) was the founder and rosh yeshiva of Yeshivas Knesses Hagedolah in Kiryat Sefer.

He was the son of Mendel and Faiga Chaya Zaks, the youngest daughter of Israel Meir Kagan.

He served as one of Hebron Yeshiva's senior roshei yeshiva until he founded Yeshivas Knesses Hagedolah in Kiryat Sefer.
Střítež (Český Krumlov District)
Střítež is a municipality and village in Český Krumlov District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.

Střítež lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) south-east of Český Krumlov, 24 km (15 mi) south of České Budějovice, and 148 km (92 mi) south of Prague.

Český Krumlov
Český Krumlov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtʃɛskiː ˈkrumlof] ⓘ; German: Krumau, Böhmisch Krumau) is a town in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 13,000 inhabitants. It is known as a tourist centre, which is among the most visited places in the country. The historic centre with the Český Krumlov Castle complex is protected by law as an urban monument reservation, and since 1992, it has been a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site because of its well-preserved Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque architecture.
Chaetae (town)
Chaetae or Chaitai /ˈkɛti/ (Ancient Greek: Χαῖται) was a town of ancient Macedonia that Ptolemy assigns to Mygdonia. Its location cannot precisely be calculated from Ptolemy's account, which places it between Moryllus (nowadays Ano Apostoli, Kilkis regional unit) and Antigonia (Paeonia) which are some ways apart from one another. The town does not appear in the periplus of the fleet of Xerxes, indicating a location perhaps north of the bay of Thessalonica, near Pontoiraklia, in a place where excavations took place (Tsaoussitsa). Some have identified the town as the Clitae (Κλῖται) – "Κλ" being substituted for "Χα" – in Ptolemy.

Kilkis (regional unit)
Kilkis (Greek: Περιφερειακή ενότητα Κιλκίς) is one of the regional units of Greece, in the geographic region of Macedonia. It is part of the region of Central Macedonia. Its capital is the city of Kilkis.
Joost Wichman
Joost Wichman (born 19 May 1978, Lichtenvoorde) is a Dutch professional mountainbiker, whose main discipline is four-cross (4X). He is founder and team manager of the Radon Flow Team. He won the UCI World Championship in 2013.

Lichtenvoorde
Lichtenvoorde is a town in the east of the Netherlands, in the municipality of Oost Gelre.

Lichtenvoorde holds a flower parade (bloemencorso) every September at the start of its annual festival. The parade features floats covered in flowers (usually dahlias) in imaginative designs depicting a variety of themes.

Lichtenvoorde has a motocross circuit on which international grands prix are held.
The Wrong Box
The Wrong Box is a 1966 British comedy film produced and directed by Bryan Forbes and starring John Mills, Ralph Richardson and a large ensemble cast. The screenplay was by Larry Gelbart and Burt Shevelove, based on the 1889 novel The Wrong Box by Robert Louis Stevenson and Lloyd Osbourne. It was made by Salamander Film Productions and distributed by Columbia Pictures.

Lloyd Osbourne
Samuel Lloyd Osbourne (April 7, 1868 – May 22, 1947) was an American writer and the stepson of the Scottish writer Robert Louis Stevenson, with whom he wrote three books, including The Wrecker. He also provided input and ideas on others. Osbourne wrote a number of stories and essays on his own, including An Intimate Portrait of R L S By His Stepson (1924).
Public School 71K
Public School 71K is a historic school building located in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, New York City. It contains the Beis Rochel School, a Satmar girls-only private Jewish school. It was built in 1888–1889 to designs by James W. Naughton. It is a symmetrical three story, brick building with stone trim in the French Second Empire style.  It features a tall central tower with a high mansard roof and original iron cresting.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

This building has an exact twin in Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn: the Excellence Charter School at 225 Patchen Ave.

Jewish day school
A Jewish day school is a modern Jewish educational institution that is designed to provide children with both a Jewish and a secular education in one school on a full-time basis. The term "day school" is used to differentiate schools attended during the day from part time weekend schools as well as secular or religious "boarding school" equivalents where the students live full-time as well as study. The substance of the "Jewish" component varies from school to school, community to community, and usually depends on the Jewish denominations of the schools' founders. While some schools may stress Judaism and Torah study others may focus more on Jewish history, Hebrew language, Yiddish language, Jewish culture, and Zionism. This is in addition to secular content that is the same as public school curricula.
Pacific FC–Vancouver FC rivalry
The Salish Sea Derby, also known as the BC Derby and Pacific FC–Vancouver FC rivalry, is a British Columbian intra-provincial soccer rivalry between Pacific FC of Langford, and Vancouver FC of Langley Township. They regularly compete with each other in the Canadian Premier League. In addition to being geographic rivals, both clubs have the same owner – SixFive Sports and Entertainment.

Langford, British Columbia
Langford is a city on southern Vancouver Island in the province of British Columbia, Canada. Langford is one of the 13 component municipalities of Greater Victoria and is within the Capital Regional District. Langford was incorporated in 1992 and has a population of over 40,000 people, the largest municipality in the Western Communities, and third-largest in the Capital Regional District after Saanich and Victoria.

Its motto is "Golden in setting, determined in Spirit," containing a reference to the natural beauty of the City of Langford, specifically Goldstream Provincial Park, and a comment on the community's drive to enhance Langford's special character and future.
Calcot Manor
Calcot Manor is a historic building in Calcot, three and a half miles west of Tetbury on A 4135 in Gloucestershire, England, near the junction of roads A46 and A4135 (National Grid Reference ST 841180 94891). The original building was established in approximately 1300 AD by Henry of Kingswood as a tithe barn annex of Kingswood Abbey. The estate was expanded to include a 16th-century manor house and other buildings.  Structures added from the Late Middle Ages to the mid-17th century include a chapel, granary, stables and other buildings.  The buildings are all constructed from limestone; which are locally quarried stones that are typically flat and easily stacked for drystone wall purposes.

Arrowslit
An arrowslit (often also referred to as an arrow loop, loophole or loop hole, and sometimes a balistraria) is a narrow vertical aperture in a fortification through which an archer can launch arrows or a crossbowman can launch bolts.

The interior walls behind an arrow loop are often cut away at an oblique angle so that the archer has a wide field of view and field of fire. Arrow slits come in a variety of forms. A common one is the cross, accommodating the use of both the longbow and the crossbow. The narrow vertical aperture permits the archer large degrees of freedom to vary the elevation and direction of their bowshot but makes it difficult for attackers to harm the archer since there is only a small target at which to aim.

Balistraria, plural balistrariae (from balister, crossbowman), can often be found in the curtain walls of medieval battlements beneath the crenellations.
Carrefour
Carrefour Group, S.A. (French: Groupe Carrefour, [kaʁfuʁ] ⓘ), is a French multinational retail and wholesaling corporation headquartered in Massy, France. It operates a chain of hypermarkets, grocery stores and convenience stores. By 2024, the group had 14,000 stores in 40 countries. It is the seventh-largest retailer in the world by revenue.

Wholesaling
Wholesaling or distributing is the sale of goods or merchandise to retailers; to industrial, commercial, institutional or other professional business users; or to other wholesalers (wholesale businesses) and related subordinated services. In general, it is the sale of goods in bulk to anyone, either a person or an organization, other than the end consumer of that merchandise. Wholesaling involves purchasing goods in bulk, usually directly from the manufacturer or source, at a discounted rate. Retailers then sell these goods to end consumers at a higher price, generating a profit.

Traditionally, wholesalers were closer to the markets they supplied than the source from which they got the products. However, with the advent of the internet and e-procurement there is an increasing number of wholesalers located nearer to the manufacturers in China, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia. The profit margins of wholesalers depend largely on their ability to achieve market competitive transaction costs.
Prince Adolf of Auersperg
Prince Adolf of Auersperg (German: Adolf Wilhelm Daniel Fürst von Auersperg; 21 July 1821 – 5 January 1885) was an Austrian statesman who served as the Minister-President of Cisleithania from 1871 to 1879. A leading figure of the Constitutional Party, his premiership marked the peak of liberal political influence in the dual monarchy. Before his national leadership, he served as the Supreme Marshal of Bohemia and the Provincial President of Salzburg.

Levin August von Bennigsen
Levin August Gottlieb Theophil, Graf von Bennigsen (Russian: Левин Август Готлиб Теофиль фон Беннигсен, romanized: Levin Avgust Gotlib Teofil fon Bennigsen), also known as Leonty Leontyevich Bennigsen (Russian: Леонтий Леонтьевич Беннигсен; 10 February 1745 – 3 December 1826), was a German general in the service of the Russian Empire. Bennigsen made a name for himself in Russian history as the man who fought Napoleon Bonaparte with distinction at the Battle of Eylau; but, suffering from ill-health, he was then defeated at Friedland several months later. Bennigsen also played a pivotal role in decisively defeating Napoleon in the War of the Sixth Coalition.
KRO-NCRV
KRO-NCRV is a Dutch public broadcasting company based in Hilversum established on 1 January 2014 from a merger of the broadcasters Catholic Radio Broadcasting (KRO) and the Dutch Christian Radio Association (NCRV), transmitting on NPO 1, NPO 2 and NPO 3. In 2016, the broadcaster also took on the programming from the former Roman Catholic Church Association (RKK) and proposed to serve "the Catholic and Protestant Christian communities" in the Netherlands.

At the official census by the Media Commission in 2014, KRO-NCRV, in spite of a minor loss of membership, appeared to be the largest broadcaster in the Netherlands at the time, with nearly eight hundred thousand (798,930) members.

NPO 1
NPO 1 (known as Nederland 1 [ˌneːdərlɑnt ˈeːn] until 2014) is the first national television station in the Netherlands. It launched on 2 October 1951. It provides public broadcasting and currently exists next to sister channels NPO 2 and NPO 3. Several broadcasting organisations of the Publieke Omroep deliver a wide variety of programs for the channel, usually for larger audiences. In 2018, it was the most viewed channel in the Netherlands, reaching a market share of 22.0%. The channel is also available via cable TV in the Dutch Caribbean, either live or time-shifted.
Cactus (TV series)
Cactus (Persian :کاکتوس) is a 1998 Iranian satirical TV series directed by Mohammad Reza Honarmand. Various actors played in the series including Fathali Oveisi, Khosrow Shakibai, Reza Fieze Norouzi, Rasool Najafian, Soroosh Sehhat and Zohreh Mojabi. Cactus was aired in three parts between 1998 and 2002.

IRIB's Channel 1 broadcast the TV series.

Zohreh Mojabi
Zohreh Mojabi (Persian: زهره مجابی, born 14 February 1960 in Qazvin) is an Iranian actress and playwright who has appeared in several films and TV serials.

Mojabi studied at the School of Fine Arts, University of Tehran from which she received a BA in acting and an MA from Azad University.

Mojabi's radio plays are often broadcast on IRIB.
2010 Balkan Badminton Championships
The 2010 Balkan Badminton Championships (Bulgarian: балканско първенство по бадминтон 2010) was a badminton tournament sanctioned by the Balkan Badminton Association and Badminton Europe. The individual and mixed team events were held from 24 to 26 September 2010.

The tournament was held at the Kaliakra Sports Complex in Kavarna, Bulgaria. Six countries took part in the championships. In the team event, Bulgaria defeated Turkey 3–0 in the final while Romania defeated Moldova 3–2 in the third place playoffs.

Bulgaria topped the individual events, winning four out of five titles. Turkey placed second on the medal table with a gold medal, four silver medals and four bronze medals.

Romania national badminton team
The Romania national badminton team (Romanian: Echipa națională de badminton a României) represents Romania in international badminton team competitions. The Romanian national team have never participated in the Sudirman Cup, Thomas Cup and the Uber Cup. Romania participated in the  2006 European Men's Team Badminton Championships and were eliminated in the group stages.

The Romanian team also competes in the Balkan Badminton Championships along with other Balkan countries. The team has had multiple runners-up finishes at the Balkan mixed team championships. Romanian badminton made one of its first international presences when national player Florin Balaban competed in men's singles at the 1992 Summer Olympics.

The Romanian junior team were runners-up at the 2000 Finlandia Cup in Pressbaum, Austria.
Institute of Manuscripts of Azerbaijan
Institute of Manuscripts (Azerbaijani: Əlyazmalar İnstitutu), named after Muhammad Fuzuli, is a scientific center of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences engaged in scientific-research, archive and library science activities, security, study, translation and publication of medieval manuscripts.

The institute is located in the building of the former Empress Alexandra Russian Muslim Boarding School for Girls, established in 1901 by H.Z.Taghiyev on Istiglaliyyat Street and designed by the Polish architect Józef Gosławski.

Istiglaliyyat Street
Istiglaliyyat Street (Azerbaijani: İstiqlaliyyət küçəsi) is an  arterial road in the central uptown part of Baku, Azerbaijan. It begins at Gulustan Palace, located on the southern hillside part of Baku, and continues north, then northeast, terminating at the intersection of Aziz Aliyev and Mammad Amin Rasulzade Streets at the edge of Fountains Square.
Emin (given name)
Emin is a Bosnian and Turkish masculine given name.

In the Balkans, Emin is popular among Bosniaks in the former Yugoslav nations. It is also popular among Albanians. The name is a modification to the name Amin, and it holds the same meaning: truthful. This region also has a female equivalent to the name: Emina (for example, Emina Zečaj).

Emina Zečaj
Emina Zečaj (née Ahmedhodžić; 17 March 1929 – 19 April 2020) was a Bosnian interpreter of the traditional folk music, sevdalinka.

Zečaj was called an "icon of traditional Bosnian music" by American Billboard magazine in 2004.