hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Biofertilizer
A biofertilizer is a substance containing living micro-organisms which, when applied to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil, colonize the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant.

Biofertilizers add nutrients through the natural processes of nitrogen fixation, solubilizing phosphorus, and stimulating plant growth through the synthesis of growth-promoting substances. The micro-organisms in biofertilizers restore the soil's natural nutrient cycle and build soil organic matter. Through the use of biofertilizers, healthy plants can be grown, while enhancing the sustainability and the health of the soil. Biofertilizers can be expected to reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, but they are not yet able to replace their use. As of 2024, more than 340 biofertilizer products have been approved for commercial use in the US.

Nutrient cycle
A nutrient cycle (or ecological recycling) is the movement and exchange of inorganic and organic matter back into the production of matter. Energy flow is a unidirectional and noncyclic pathway, whereas the movement of mineral nutrients is cyclic. Mineral cycles include the carbon cycle, sulfur cycle, nitrogen cycle, water cycle, phosphorus cycle, oxygen cycle, among others that continually recycle along with other mineral nutrients into productive ecological nutrition.
Macopaeus
Macopaeus is a genus of jumping spiders endemic to Madagascar. It contains only one species, Macopaeus spinosus. Two other species (M. celebensis Merian, 1911 and M. madagascarensis Peckham & Peckham, 1903) were described in this genus in the early 20th century. However, these were transferred to the genus Brettus in 1980.

George and Elizabeth Peckham
George Williams Peckham (March 23, 1845 – January 10, 1914) and Elizabeth Maria Gifford Peckham (December 19, 1854 – February 11, 1940) were a married couple who were early American teachers, taxonomists, ethologists, arachnologists, and entomologists, specializing in animal behavior and in the study of jumping spiders (family Salticidae) and wasps.
Mitchell Nunatak
Mitchell Nunatak (70°58′S 71°30′E﻿ / ﻿70.967°S 71.500°E﻿ / -70.967; 71.500) is the central nunatak in a group of three nunataks in the northern part of the Manning Nunataks in Antarctica. The Manning Nunataks were photographed by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump in 1946–47, and by the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) in 1957. They were visited by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition in 1965 and by the ANARE Prince Charles Mountains survey party in 1969. This nunatak was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for R. Mitchell, a senior diesel mechanic at Mawson Station in 1969.

Operation Highjump
Operation HIGHJUMP, officially titled The United States Navy Antarctic Developments Program, 1946–1947, (also called Task Force 68), was a United States Navy (USN) operation to establish the Antarctic research base Little America IV. The operation was organized by Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd, Jr., USN, Officer in Charge, Task Force 68, and led by Rear Admiral Ethan Erik Larson, USN, Commanding Officer, Task Force 68. Operation HIGHJUMP commenced 26 August 1946 and ended in late February 1947. Task Force 68 included 4,700 men, 13 ships, and 33 aircraft.
Microlinyphia pusilla
Microlinyphia pusilla is a species of spider belonging to the family Linyphiidae. It has a Holarctic distribution.

It was known as Linyphia pusilla until its reclassification in 1928.

This species displays strong sexual dimorphism: The male is black and shiny with a narrow abdomen, with a body length (excluding legs) of around 5 mm; The female is slightly larger with a much plumper, silvery abdomen bearing a leaf-shaped black mark. This spider constructs a small hammock-shaped web in vegetation near the ground.

Holarctic realm
The Holarctic realm is a biogeographic realm that comprises the majority of habitats found throughout the continents in the Northern Hemisphere. It corresponds to the floristic Boreal kingdom. It includes both the Nearctic zoogeographical region (which covers most of North America), and Alfred Wallace's Palearctic zoogeographical region (which covers  North Africa, and all of Eurasia except for  Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and the southern Arabian Peninsula).

These  regions are further subdivided into a variety of ecoregions. Many ecosystems and the animal and plant communities that depend on them extend across a number of continents and cover large portions of the Holarctic realm. This continuity is the result of those regions’ shared glacial history.
Weeip
Weeip  was an Aboriginal Australian leader of the Boora clan (Boya Ngura people) of the Whadjuk Noongar people in the 1830s, during the early years of the Swan River Colony in Western Australia.

His territory extended from the Helena River and upper reaches of the Swan River (modern day Guildford) to the Darling Scarp.

In 1834 Weeip negotiated a truce with Governor James Stirling to improve relations between the Boora and the British settlers, around the time of the Pinjarra massacre. The negotiations took place while Weeip's younger son Billyoomerri was held in prison. Billyoomerri was released after the truce was agreed.

In December 2019, the City of Swan named the open public space in the Midland New Junction precinct after him, Weeip Park. The park opened was in November 2020.

Swan River Colony
The Swan River Colony, also known as the Swan River Settlement, or just Swan River, was a British colony established in 1829 on the Swan River. This initial settlement place on the Swan River was soon named Perth, and it became the capital city of Western Australia.

The name was a pars pro toto for Western Australia. In 1831, the military outpost Frederick Town was transferred from the Colony of New South Wales to the Swan River Colony and renamed Albany,: 55–115  and on 6 February 1832, the Swan River Colony was renamed the Colony of Western Australia, when the colony's founding lieutenant-governor, Captain James Stirling, belatedly received his commission. However, the name Swan River Colony remained in informal use for many years.
Long Lye
Long Lye (grid reference ST265122) is an 11.7 hectare (29.0 acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest at Buckland St Mary in the Blackdown Hills, Somerset, notified in 1988.

This site along with the adjoining Long Lye Meadow were considered to be under threat from a scheme to widen the A303.

Long Lye is a traditionally managed neutral grassland of a type which was once characteristic of lowland Britain but has now become increasingly rare due to agricultural intensification. Mature broadleaved woodland and wet flush communities add considerable diversity to this site. Fifteen species of butterfly have been recorded here. They include the silver-washed fritillary (Argynnis paphia), of which the valenzia form has been found, purple hairstreak (Quercusia quercus) and marbled white (Melanargia galathea).

Melanargia galathea
Melanargia galathea, the marbled white, is a medium-sized butterfly in the family Nymphalidae.
Despite its common name and appearance, this butterfly is one of the "browns", of the subfamily Satyrinae.

This species can be found across most of Europe, southern Russia, Asia Minor and Iran. It is found in forest clearings and edges, meadows and steppe where it occurs up to 1,500–1,700 metres (4,900–5,600 ft) above sea level.
The caterpillars feed on various grasses.
Cornelius Boots
Cornelius Boots (Cornelius Shinzen Boots) is an American composer and multi-instrumentalist. Best known for founding and leading Edmund Welles, the only composing bass clarinet quartet in the world, he  now mainly plays and composes for the shakuhachi flute having retired from bass clarinet in 2015. Boots had been playing the clarinet from the time he was in fourth grade, and credits his early experience playing a reed instrument with what he called a "spike of awareness."

He received his shakuhachi master teaching’s license (Shihan) from Grand Master Michael Chikuzen Gould in 2013. He has recorded five albums and performs internationally. He played on stage during Sony's E3 2018 conference, prior to the reveal of Ghost of Tsushima, a samurai-based video game.

Boots mostly plays taimu shakuhachi, which are long, wide-bore flutes noted for their deep tones.

Reed (mouthpiece)
A reed (or lamella) is a thin strip of material that vibrates to produce a sound on a musical instrument. Most woodwind instrument reeds are made from Arundo donax ("Giant cane") or synthetic material. Tuned reeds (as in harmonicas and accordions) are made of metal or synthetics. Musical instruments are classified according to the type and number of reeds.

The earliest types of single-reed instruments used idioglottal reeds, where the vibrating reed is a tongue cut and shaped on the tube of cane. Much later, single-reed instruments started using heteroglottal reeds, which are cut and separated from the tube of cane and attached to some type of mouthpiece. By contrast, in an uncapped double reed instrument (such as the oboe and bassoon), there is no mouthpiece; the two parts of the reed vibrate against one another.
Re (Les Rita Mitsouko album)
Re is a remix album by French pop rock group Les Rita Mitsouko. It was released in 1990 and includes the singles "Hip Kit" and "Don't Forget the Nite". The album is compilation of new remixes, 12" single remixes and a new re-recording.

Receiving mixed reviews the album was originally released as a Double-LP, 5x12" single, Cassette and CD in October 1990. The artwork was designed by Judith E. Christ with photography by Stephane Sednaoui. Catherine Ringer and Fred Chichin pose in clothing designed by Jean-Paul Gaultier.

Tony Visconti
Anthony Edward Visconti (born April 24, 1944) is an American record producer, musician and singer. Since the late 1960s, he has worked with an array of performers. His first hit single was T. Rex's "Ride a White Swan" in 1970, the first of many hits in collaboration with Marc Bolan. Visconti's lengthiest involvement was with David Bowie: intermittently from 1968 to his final album Blackstar in 2016, Visconti produced and occasionally performed on many of Bowie's albums. Visconti's work on Blackstar was awarded the Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical and his production of Angelique Kidjo's Djin Djin received the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary World Music Album.
Frank Pollard (politician)
Frank Pollard (28 May 1870 – 13 October 1951) was an English-born Australian politician.

He was born at Paignton in Devon to yeoman Richard Watson Pollard and Emma Kellock Haswell. He migrated to Australia around 1888 and worked as a butcher. On 27 April 1892 he married Caroline Colbran, with whom he had two children. He was active in the Australasian Meat Industry Employees' Union, serving as New South Wales state secretary from 1918 to 1941 and as federal president from 1931 to 1936. He was a founding member of the Labor Party, and was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council from 1931 to 1934. Pollard died in Hurstville in 1951.

Paignton
Paignton (/ˈpeɪntən/ PAYN-tən) is a seaside town on the coast of Tor Bay in Devon, England. Together with Torquay and Brixham it forms the borough of Torbay which was created in 1968. The Torbay area is a holiday destination known as the English Riviera. Paignton has origins as a Celtic settlement and was first mentioned in 1086. It grew as a small fishing village and a new harbour was built in 1847. A railway line was opened to passengers in 1859 creating links to Torquay and London. As its population increased, it merged with the villages of Goodrington and Preston. Paignton is around 25 miles (40 km) north east of Plymouth and 20 miles (32 km) south of Exeter.
SJ F33
F33, earlier Fo5a and F5, is a Swedish baggage car of the 1960s-car designed and manufactured by Kalmar Verkstad (KVAB) between 1961 and 1962 for the only customer SJ. The wagons feature a 33-square-metre (360 sq ft) storage area for luggage, as well as a rest area for the staff of the train. In the year of 2000 SJ decided to discontinue their use of luggage cars which subsequently led to the F33 being phased out immediately.

Kalmar Verkstad
Kalmar Verkstad AB (KVAB) was a Swedish train and automobile manufacturer in Kalmar, Sweden that made the Tjorven and Terminal. KVAB was founded in 1902 and acquired by ABB in 1990, with the train manufacturing eventually becoming owned by Bombardier, which closed the factory in Kalmar in 2005.
2016–17 CEV Challenge Cup
The 2016–17 CEV Challenge Cup was the 37th edition of the CEV Challenge Cup tournament, the former CEV Cup.

Russian club Fakel Novy Urengoy beat French team Chaumont VB 52 in both final meetings and achieved first CEV Challenge Cup.

Chaumont Volley-Ball 52
Chaumont Volley-Ball 52 is a French volleyball club, founded in 1996 and based in Chaumont (Haute-Marne) and have played in Ligue A since the 2012–2013 season. It won the 2017 LNV Ligue A and the French Supercup in 2017 and 2021. The club finished second in the same year of the CEV Cup. It also participates in other major European competitions such as CEV Champions League and CEV Top Teams Cup.
Sue Civil-Brown
Susan Civil-Brown is an American author of romance novels with a humorous twist. She is best known under the pseudonym Rachel Lee. Her books include romances, romantic suspense and a series of espionage thrillers (Wildcard, The Crimson Code, The Jerico Pact).

Civil-Brown's first book was published in 1991.  She submitted the manuscript, a romantic suspense novel, at the urging of her mother and was surprised when it was quickly purchased.  Over the next five years she wrote 15 more books.

Spy fiction
Spy fiction is a genre of literature involving espionage as an important context or plot device. It emerged in the early twentieth century, inspired by rivalries and intrigues between the major powers, and the establishment of modern intelligence agencies. It was given new impetus by the development of communism and fascism in the lead-up to World War II, continued to develop during the Cold War, and received a fresh impetus from the emergence of rogue states, international criminal organizations, global terrorist networks, maritime piracy and technological sabotage and espionage as potent threats to Western societies.  As a genre, spy fiction is thematically related to the novel of adventure (The Prisoner of Zenda, 1894, The Scarlet Pimpernel, 1905), the thriller (such as the works of Edgar Wallace) and the politico-military thriller (The Schirmer Inheritance, 1953, The Quiet American, 1955).
Mylėk
Mylėk (eng. "love") is the debut studio album by Lithuanian singer Vilija Matačiūnaitė. The album was released on 27 October 2006 through the label Hitas.

In 2005, she achieved wide recognition by participating in the Eurovision Song Contest-preselection and in the first season of a successful local LNK television music competition franchise Kelias į žvaigždes, where she became the runner-up. In 2006 she also hosted in a national radio station "Lietus" and eventually promoted her debut album.

Vilija Matačiūnaitė
Vilija Matačiūnaitė (born 24 June 1986) is a Lithuanian singer, actress, and songwriter. She represented Lithuania in the 59th annual Eurovision Song Contest 2014 in Copenhagen, Denmark, with her song "Attention".
Atelopus moropukaqumir
Atelopus moropukaqumir is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to southern Peru, where it was discovered in a cloud forest near Anchihuay in the department of Ayacucho, marking the first known Atelopus record from that region. It closely resembles Atelopus erythropus in appearance but differs in ventral coloration, skin texture, and snout shape. The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatis, which has been implicated in the extinctions of other Atelopus species, was detected in some of the sampled individuals; however, the occurrence of the fungus was low, and did not seem to have any major impacts on the species; this could indicate that A. moropukaqumir has developed resistance to the disease.

True toad
A true toad is any member of the family Bufonidae, in the order Anura (frogs and toads). This is the only family of anurans in which all members are known as toads, although some may be called frogs (such as harlequin frogs). The bufonids now comprise more than 35 genera, Bufo being the best known.
1982 French motorcycle Grand Prix
The 1982 French motorcycle Grand Prix was the third round of the 1982 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 7–9 May 1982 at the Circuit de Nogaro.

The race was controversial, because the major factory teams (Yamaha, Honda and Suzuki), which included top riders like Kenny Roberts, Barry Sheene, Freddie Spencer, Franco Uncini and Takazumi Katayama, largely or completely boycotted the event due to the dangerous track conditions. Some private riders also boycotted the race, which led to the venue never reappearing on the calendar ever since.

Gina Bovaird, who took advantage of the major factory team's boycott to qualify for the race, remains the only female rider to ever start a race in the 500cc/MotoGP class.

Circuit Paul Armagnac
Circuit Paul Armagnac, also known as Circuit de Nogaro, is a motorsport race track located in the commune of Nogaro in the Gers department in southwestern France. The track is named in honor of Nogaro-born racing driver Paul Armagnac, who died in an accident during practice for the 1962 1000 km de Paris at the Montlhéry circuit.
Brooks and Hewitt Halls
Brooks and Hewitt Halls are historic dormitory buildings located on the campus of Barnard College in Morningside Heights, Manhattan, New York City. Brooks Hall was designed by Charles A. Rich (1854–1943) and built in 1906–1907. It is a seven and one half story, red Harvard brick building on a granite foundation with limestone and terra cotta trim. It features a sloping Spanish tile roof with hip-roof dormer windows. Hewitt Hall, named for Abram S. Hewitt, was designed by McKim, Mead & White and built in 1926–1927. It is a seven-story, red Harvard brick building with a sloping copper clad roof.

They were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Abram Hewitt
Abram Stevens Hewitt (July 31, 1822 – January 18, 1903) was an American politician, educator, ironmaking industrialist, and lawyer who was mayor of New York City for two years from 1887 to 1888. He also twice served as a U.S. Congressman from New York's 10th congressional district and chaired the Democratic National Committee from 1876 to 1877.

The son-in-law of the industrialist and philanthropist Peter Cooper, Hewitt is best known for his work with the Cooper Union, which he aided Cooper in founding in 1859, and for planning the financing and construction of the first line of what would eventually develop into the New York City Subway, for which he is considered the "Father of the New York City Subway System".
Naan Mahaan Alla (soundtrack)
Naan Mahaan Alla is the soundtrack album to the 2010 film Naan Mahaan Alla directed by Suseenthiran and produced by Studio Green, starring Karthi, Kajal Aggarwal, Jayaprakash and Soori. The soundtrack album featured five songs composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja and lyrics written by Na. Muthukumar and Yugabharathi, and was released through the Think Music label on 24 July 2010.

Jayaprakash (actor)
V. Jayaprakash is an Indian actor and producer who works in Tamil and Telugu films. He ventured into film business in the early 2000s as a producer, making several films under his banner GJ Cinema and later turned actor, with Cheran's 2007 film, Mayakannadi. Subsequently, performing a variety of supporting roles, he found more success as a character actor, with his most notable performances in Pasanga (2009), Naadodigal (2009), Naan Mahaan Alla (2010), Yuddham Sei (2011), Mankatha (2011), Moodar Koodam (2013) and Pannaiyarum Padminiyum (2014).
Grundy Art Gallery
The Grundy is an art gallery located in Blackpool, Lancashire, England. Its eclectic programme consists of regional historic to recent contemporary art exhibitions. Opened in 1911, it is owned and operated by Blackpool Council.

It is a Grade II listed Edwardian building. Together with the adjoining Central library it was listed on 20 October 1983.

David Roberts (painter)
David Roberts RA RBA (24 October 1796 – 25 November 1864) was a Scottish painter. He is especially known for The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia, a prolific series of detailed lithograph prints of Egypt and the Near East that he produced from sketches he made during long tours of the region (1838–1840). These and his large oil paintings of similar subjects made him a prominent Orientalist painter. He was elected as a Royal Academician in 1841.
Argentina at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Argentina competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. Originally scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2020, the Games were postponed to 23 July to 8 August 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Since making its official debut at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, Argentina has participated in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, with the exceptions of 1904 in St. Louis, 1912 in Stockholm, and the 1980 Games in Moscow, which it boycotted in support of the United States-led boycott.  At the Tokyo Games, Argentina failed to win a gold medal for the first time since the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.

Captain (volleyball)
The captain of a volleyball team is a team member chosen to be the on-court leader of the team; they are often one of the older or more experienced members of the squad, or a player that can heavily influence a game or has good leadership qualities. Coaches often choose one or two "captains" for their team, which designates them as both a symbolic and verbal leader on the court. The player chosen is someone who has the ability to be a liaison between the coaches, players and referee. This person must be assertive, persuasive and level-headed.

The team captain is usually identified by the 8x2cm stripe under jersey number. Team captain is also indicated on the game score sheet.

Liberos can also be either team or game captain. Responsibilities and rules regarding volleyball captain are regulated by official FIVB rulebook, which is followed by all federations.
Tafur
Tafur is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ana Varela Tafur (born 1963), Peruvian poet

Gabriela Tafur (born 1995), Colombian lawyer, model, and beauty pageant titleholder

Martín Yañéz Tafur, Spanish conquistador

Pedro Tafur (c. 1410 – c. 1484[1]), Castilian traveller, historian, and writer

Yarol Tafur (2001–2023), Ecuadorian footballer

Gabriela Tafur
Gabriela Tafur Náder (born 7 July 1995) is a Colombian lawyer, model & beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Colombia 2018. She represented Colombia at Miss Universe 2019 and was placed in the Top 5 finalist.
Donald Goldfarb
Donald Goldfarb (born August 14, 1941 in New York City) is an American mathematician, best known for his works in mathematical optimization and numerical analysis.  He is one of the developers of the BFGS algorithm. He is a recipient of the Von Neumann Theory Prize and Khachiyan Prize.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.