hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2019 in Latin music
The following is a list of events and releases that happened in 2019 in Latin music. The list covers events and releases from Latin regions from the Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking areas of Latin America and the Iberian Peninsula.

Mon Laferte
Norma Monserrat Bustamante Laferte (born 2 May 1983) better known as Mon Laferte, is a Chilean and Mexican musician. Her musical style spans genres including pop, rock, bolero, cumbia, and salsa, reflecting her versatility. She gained recognition during the 2010s for her melodramatic style and stage presence.  In 2025, Billboard named her one of the best female Latin pop artists of all time.

Laferte has sold more than 4.8 million album-equivalent units in Mexico, making her the best-selling Chilean artist of the digital era. Her releases Mon Laferte, Vol. 1 (2015), La Trenza (2017), "Tu Falta De Querer", "Amárrame", and "Mi Buen Amor" have been certified diamond or higher by the Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas (AMPROFON). Her accolades include five Latin Grammy Awards (the most for a Chilean artist), a Musa Award, two MTV Europe Music Awards, four MTV MIAW Awards, and three Grammy Awards nominations.
Ásmundur Einar Daðason
Ásmundur Einar Daðason (born 29 October 1982) is an Icelandic politician. He served as a member of the Althing for the Northwest Constituency from 2009 to 2016, initially representing the Left-Green Movement (VG) and later the centrist Progressive Party. After a hiatus, he returned to the Althing in 2017. Additionally, he has held leadership positions within the organization Heimssyn, which advocates against Iceland's membership in the EU.

On 30 November 2017 he assumed the role of Minister of Social Affairs and Equality. On 28 November 2021 he was appointed Minister of Education and Children.

Heimssýn
Heimssýn (English: World View) is an organisation of Icelandic Eurosceptics who actively campaign against Iceland becoming of a member of the European Union founded in June 2002. It was founded in June 2002. Ragnar Arnalds, former MP and Minister of Finance, served as chairman of the organisation from its foundation until 2009. The current chairman is Jón Bjarnason, former Member of the Althing and Minister of Agriculture, and the vice-chairman is Jóhanna María Sigmundsdóttir, Member of the Althing for the nationalist Progressive Party. The organization is sponsored by Bændasamtök Íslands, an agrarian lobby group of Icelandic farmers, and receives free advertising in their newspaper Bændablaðið.
Eschbach Dam
The Eschbach Dam (German: Eschbachtalsperre) was the first dam to be built in Germany for drinking water supply.  It is located in Remscheid, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.  With its opening in 1891, this pioneer work of hydraulic engineering was a milestone in the economic development of the city of Remscheid.

Intze principle
The Intze Principle (German: Intze-Prinzip) is a name given to two engineering principles, both named after the hydraulic engineer, Otto Intze, (1843–1904). In the one case, the Intze Principle relates to a type of water tower; in the other, a type of dam.
2024 World Taekwondo Junior Championships
The 2024 World Taekwondo Junior Championships (U15-18), the 14th edition of the World Taekwondo Junior Championships, was held in Chuncheon, South Korea from 1 to 6 October 2024.

Athletes born between Jan. 1, 2007 and Dec. 31, 2009 are eligible to compete at the World Taekwondo Junior Championships.

Chuncheon
Chuncheon (Korean: 춘천; Hanja: 春川市; Korean pronunciation: [tɕʰun.tɕʰʌn]; literally spring river), formerly spelled as Ch'unch'ŏn, is the capital of the state of Gangwon, South Korea. The city lies in the north of the country, located in a basin formed by the Soyang River and Han River. There are some large lakes around the city, most notably Soyang Lake and Uiam Lake (or Uiam Dam). The area has small river islands, such as Sangjungdo, Ha-Jungdo, Bungeodo, and Wido.

It is a popular destination among East Asian tourists as it was featured in the popular South Korean TV drama Winter Sonata. It is where the resort island of Namiseom is located. Also, Gangwon Provincial Office is located in the city.
Dwight Schultz
William Dwight Schultz (born November 24, 1947) is an American television, film and voice actor.

He is known for his roles as Captain "Howling Mad" Murdock on the 1980s action series The A-Team and as Reginald Barclay in the Star Trek franchise.

He is also known in animation as the megalomaniacal mad scientist Dr. Animo in the Ben 10 series, Adrian Toomes/Vulture in some Marvel video games, Chef Mung Daal in the children's animated series Chowder, and Eddie the Squirrel in CatDog.

The Savage Nation
The Savage Nation (also called The Michael Savage Show) was an American conservative talk radio show hosted by Michael Savage. The program was heard by approximately 11 million listeners a week, which made it the 7th most listened to radio show in the country.

The show was based in San Francisco, California, and was syndicated through Cumulus Media and Westwood One.
Gvardeysky, Kazakhstan
Gvardeyskiy is a settlement in Almaty Region, in south-eastern Kazakhstan.

As a military townlet (Otar Military Base) it is a closed area and for travelers, a special permission is required to visit the town. The town also hosts the Research Institute of Biological Safety Problems that specializes in pathogenic viruses.

Almaty Region
Almaty Region (Kazakh: Almaty oblysy [ɑɫmɑˈtə ˌwobɫɤˈsə]), formerly known as the Alma-Ata Region until 1993, is a region in Kazakhstan, located in the southeastern part of the country. It surrounds, but does not include, the eponymous city of Almaty. Its capital is Qonaev.
Deslanoside
Deslanoside (trade name Cedilanide in Brazil) is a cardiac glycoside, a type of drug that can be used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat). It is found in the leaves of Digitalis lanata, the Woolly Foxglove.

Digitalis lanata
Digitalis lanata, vernacularly often called woolly foxglove or Grecian foxglove, is a species of foxglove, a flowering plant in the plantain family Plantaginaceae. It gets its name due to the woolly indumentum of the leaves. D. lanata, like other foxglove species, is toxic in all parts of the plant. Symptoms of digitalis poisoning include nausea, vomiting, severe headache, dilated pupils, problems with eyesight, and convulsions and cardiac arrhythmias at the worst level of toxicity. The plant is also harmful to other animals.
The Diary of West Bengal
The Diary of West Bengal is a 2024 Indian Hindi-language political drama film directed by Sanoj Mishra and produced by Jitendra Narayan Singh Tyagi. The film is presented by Waseem Rizvi Films and features an ensemble cast including Yajur Marwah, Arshin Mehta, Dev Fauzdar, Ramendra Chakarwarti, Gauri Shankar, Deepak Kamboj, Neet Mahal, Avadh Ashwini, Ronav Verma, and Ashish Kumar. Its music is composed by A. R. Datta, with lyrics written by Kundan Vidyarthi and Sameer Shashtri. The film was released worldwide on 30 August 2024.

Political drama
A political drama can describe a play, film or TV program that has a political component, whether reflecting the author's political opinion, or describing a politician or series of political events.

Dramatists who have written political dramas include Aaron Sorkin, Robert Penn Warren, Sergei Eisenstein, Bertolt Brecht, Jean-Paul Sartre, Howard Brenton, Caryl Churchill, and Federico García Lorca.
2013–14 Israeli Noar Premier League
The 2013–14 Israeli Noar Premier League was the 20th season since its introduction in 1994 as the top-tier football in Israel for teenagers between the ages 18–20, and the 3rd under the name Noar Premier League.

Maccabi Haifa won the title, whilst Bnei Yehuda and Hapoel Ramat HaSharon were relegated.

Israeli Noar Premier League
The Israeli Noar Premier League (Hebrew: ליגת העל לנוער, Ligat Ha'al LeNoar, lit. Youth Super League) is the top division in the Israeli football league system for teenagers between the ages 18–20. From 1994 to 2011, it was called Israeli Noar Leumit League. The league is a continuation of the previous youth league system, established in 1941.
Alpha (Black M album)
Alpha is the fourth studio album by French rapper Black M. It was released on 21 May 2021 by Wati B. This is his only free album. It is composed of 14 songs including 5 featuring Gims, Soulby THB Worbhé, MC Fressh and Les Twins.

Wati B
Wati B (/ˈwɑːti/) is a French record label established in 2000 by Dawala and rap band Intouchable and owned by Sony Music Entertainment. "Wati B" comes from wati bɛɛ, a Bamanankan expression that means "all the time". Dawala directs the operations of the label.

Due to the popularity of its signed acts across the French-speaking world, Wati B established its own "Wati B" line of fashion apparel with the first "Wati Boutique" opened on 1 February 2011 in Paris.
Decynium-22
Decynium-22 is a cationic derivative of quinoline, and a potent inhibitor of the plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT), as well as all members of the organic cation transporter (OCT) family in both human and rat cells. However, it has little effect on high affinity monoamine transporters such as the dopamine transporter and norepinephrine transporter.

Quinoline
Quinoline is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C9H7N.  It is a colorless hygroscopic liquid with a strong odor. Aged samples, especially if exposed to light, become yellow and later brown.  Quinoline is only slightly soluble in cold water but dissolves readily in hot water and most organic solvents. Quinoline itself has few applications, but many of its  derivatives are useful in diverse applications. A prominent example is quinine, an alkaloid found in plants. Over 200 biologically active quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids are identified. 4-Hydroxy-2-alkylquinolines (HAQs) are involved in antibiotic resistance.
National Commander of the Civil Air Patrol
The National Commander of the Civil Air Patrol (acronym: CAP/CC) is the highest senior official and commanding officer of Civil Air Patrol (CAP) — a non-profit corporation that is congressionally chartered to operate as the civilian auxiliary of the United States Air Force. The National Commander also serves as the chief executive officer of CAP.

The National Commander works in close collaboration with Civil Air Patrol–U.S. Air Force (CAP-USAF), a U.S. Air Force command whose commander is responsible for overseeing CAP programs, liaison between the CAP and U.S. Air Force and other United States Government agencies, and ensuring U.S. Air Force and other U.S. Government support to CAP.

Nonprofit corporation
A nonprofit corporation is any legal entity which has been incorporated under the law of its jurisdiction for purposes other than making profits for its owners or shareholders. Depending on the laws of the jurisdiction, a nonprofit corporation may seek official recognition as such, and may be taxed differently from for-profit corporations, and treated differently in other ways.
Etting
Etting (French pronunciation: [etɛ̃]; German: Ettingen; Lorraine Franconian: Ettinge) is a commune in the Moselle department of the Grand Est administrative region in north-eastern France.

The village belongs to the Pays de Bitche.

Pays de Bitche
The Pays de Bitche (French pronunciation: [pe.i də bitʃ], literally Land of Bitche, German: Bitscherland or Bitcherland) is a natural region in the Moselle department of the Grand Est region of France. It corresponds to the present French part of the former principality of Zweibrücken-Bitsch and to the part of the Northern Vosges that lies within Lorraine.

The Pays de Bitche has a total of 47 municipalities. 46 of them are gathered into the Bitche canton and the remaining one, Kalhausen, is a part of the Sarreguemines canton.
Spectrum (physical sciences)
In the physical sciences, spectrum describes any continuous range of either frequency or wavelength values.  The term  initially referred to the range of observed colors as white light is dispersed through a prism — introduced to optics by Isaac Newton in the 17th century.

The concept was later expanded to other waves, such as sound waves and sea waves that also present a variety of frequencies and wavelengths (e.g., noise spectrum, sea wave spectrum). Starting from Fourier analysis, the concept of spectrum expanded to signal theory, where the signal can be graphed as a function of frequency and information can be placed in selected ranges of frequency. Presently, any quantity directly dependent on, and measurable along the range of, a continuous independent variable can be graphed along its range or spectrum.  Examples are the range of electron energy in electron spectroscopy or the range of mass-to-charge ratio in mass spectrometry.

Electron spectroscopy
Electron spectroscopy refers to a group formed by techniques based on the analysis of the energies of emitted electrons such as photoelectrons and Auger electrons. This group includes X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which also known as Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA), Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). These analytical techniques are used to identify and determine the elements and their electronic structures from the surface of a test sample. Samples can be solids, gases or liquids.

Chemical information is obtained only from the uppermost atomic layers of the sample (depth 10 nm or less) because the energies of Auger electrons and photoelectrons are quite low, typically 20 - 2000 eV. For this reason, electron spectroscopy techniques are used to analyze surface chemicals.
Hampton Rovers Football Club
The Hampton Rovers Amateur Football Club was founded in 1929 and is located in Melbourne, Australia. The club competes in the Victorian Amateur Football Association and the South Metro Junior Football League and has both men's and women's teams.

Hampton Rovers has won a total of over 60 premierships in its existence, which includes nine senior VAFA premierships counting an A Section flag in 1951. The club had a total of 33 teams in 2019 including five senior teams, 28 junior teams and an Auskick program, with over 800 players. The Rovers last won consecutive senior Premierships in 2013 and 2014, gaining promotion to Premier B Section for the 2015 VAFA season, however has since been relegated and will compete in Premier C in 2020.

Senior Premierships - 1939 (D), 1946 (C), 1947 (B), 1951 (A), 1995 (D), 1998 (C), 2001 (C), 2013 (D1), 2014 (C).

Auskick
Auskick is a program designed to teach the basic skills of Australian football to children aged between 5 and 12. Auskick is a non-contact variant of the sport. It began in Australia and is now a nationwide non-selective program. It has increased participation and diversity in the sport amongst children, and is now being run in many countries across the world.

At its peak in the mid-1990s in Australia there were around 200,000 Auskick participants annually, and this figure has since stabilised around this number. Numerous professional, semi-professional and representative players are graduates.
Nichi Bei Times
The Nichi Bei Times (日米タイムズ Nichi Bei Taimuzu) is a Japanese American news agency operated by the Nichi Bei Foundation and headquartered in San Francisco. As of 2009 it was the oldest Japanese American newspaper in Northern California.

Historically the Nichi Bei Times was a daily bilingual English-Japanese newspaper, while from 2006 to 2009 it was published four times weekly, with Japanese editions on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays and English editions on Thursdays. On September 30, 2009, the newspaper stopped publication. Despite the end of the printed newspaper Nichi Bei Foundation continues to publish news digitally on its website.

New America Media
New America Media (NAM) was a multimedia  ethnic news agency and a coalition of ethnic media. Founded in 1996 by the nonprofit Pacific News Service, NAM was headquartered in San Francisco, with offices in Los Angeles,  New York and Washington, D.C.

New America Media ceased operations in 2017.
Entropy exchange
In quantum mechanics, and especially quantum information processing, the entropy exchange of a quantum operation  acting on the density matrix  of a system  is defined as

where  is the von Neumann entropy of the system  and a fictitious purifying auxiliary system  after they are operated on by .  Here,

and

where in the above equation  acts on  leaving  unchanged.

Quantum state purification
In quantum information theory, quantum state purification refers to the process of representing a mixed state as a pure quantum state of higher-dimensional Hilbert space. The purification allows the original mixed state to be recovered by taking the partial trace over the additional degrees of freedom. The purification is not unique, the different purifications that can lead to the same mixed states are limited by the Schrödinger–HJW theorem.

Purification is used in algorithms such as entanglement distillation, magic state distillation and algorithmic cooling.
Katharine Kyes Leab
Katharine Kyes Leab (17 March 1941 – 16 February 2020) was an American publisher, expert on rare books and manuscripts, and co-owner and editor-in-chief of American Book Prices Current, known as "the grande dame of book auction data."

Rare Books and Manuscripts Section
The Rare Books and Manuscripts Section (RBMS) is a section of the Association of College & Research Libraries (ACRL), a division of the American Library Association (ALA). The section is devoted to supporting the activities of special collections libraries and archives and promotes the interests of librarians, archivists, curators, and others concerned with the acquisition, organization, preservation, administration, and uses of special collections. The section also maintains ties with related organizations, such as the Society of American Archivists and the Antiquarian Booksellers' Association of America, sometimes participating in joint activities with them.
UAE President's Cup
The UAE President's Cup, or simply the President Cup, is a football tournament that takes place in United Arab Emirates, between clubs in the UAE Pro League and the UAE First Division League. The winner qualifies for the preliminary stage of AFC Champions League Elite.

UAE First Division League
UAE First Division League is the second tier of football league competition in the United Arab Emirates.

As of 2020–21, the league features 15 sides who play each other in a home and away round-robin format, with a total of 28 games for each team. The top two sides gain promotion to the UAE Pro-League. On 29 May 2019, UAEFA announced that a UAE Second Division League to be established with smaller clubs, privately owned clubs, football academies with semi-professional teams compete for promotion to UAE Division one. On 6 July 2022, UAEFA announced that the number of participants will increase to 17 teams for the 2022–23 season. An increase of 2 teams, promoted from the UAE Second Division, and no relegation for UAE First Division clubs from the 2021–22 season, in an expansion season.
Pallavi Ramisetty
Pallavi Ramisetty is an Indian actress who appears in Telugu television shows. She made her first appearance with Rangula Kala show  on ETV. She rose to fame with the serials Bharyamani and Aadade Aadharam. She won a Nandi Award for Best Television Actress for her appearance in Bharyamani.

ETV (Telugu)
ETV is an Indian Telugu-language general entertainment pay television channel. The channel was launched on 27 August 1995 focusing on the state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a part of the ETV Network owned by Ramoji Group. It is the second-oldest Telugu satellite channel after Gemini TV. It is also one of the earliest private satellite channels in South India.
Cameron Dawson (rugby union)
Cameron Dawson (born (1999-01-06)6 January 1999) is a South African rugby union player for the Southern Kings in the Pro14. His regular position is prop.

Dawson made his Pro14 debut while for the Southern Kings in their match against the Cheetahs in February 2020, starting as prop. He signed for the Kings Pro14 side for the 2019–20 Pro14.

2019–20 Pro14
The 2019–20 PRO14 (also known as the Guinness PRO14 for sponsorship reasons) was the nineteenth season of the professional rugby union competition originally known as the Celtic League. It was the third season to be referred to as the PRO14 (the competition was named the Pro12 immediately prior to the addition of two South African teams).

Fourteen teams competed in this season — four Irish teams: Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster; two Italian teams: Benetton and Zebre; two Scottish teams: Edinburgh and Glasgow Warriors; two South African teams: Cheetahs and the Southern Kings; and four Welsh teams: Cardiff Blues, Dragons, Ospreys and Scarlets.

On 12 March 2020, the season was suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It restarted on 22 August in a truncated format.

It was won by Leinster, their third consecutive Pro14 title, and the second occasion on which they had achieved a Perfect season by winning every match - a feat achieved by no other team in the competition's history.
LXX Army Corps (Wehrmacht)
The LXX Army Corps (German: LXX. Armeekorps), initially known as Higher Command z. b. V. LXX (German: Höheres Kommando z. b. V. LXX) or Höh.Kdo.70, was an army corps of the German Wehrmacht during World War II. Throughout the war, it was deployed in occupied Norway.

German occupation of Norway
The occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany during the Second World War began on 9 April 1940 after Operation Weserübung. Conventional armed resistance to the German invasion ended on 10 June 1940, and Nazi Germany controlled Norway until the capitulation of German forces in Europe on 8 May 1945. Throughout this period, a pro-German government named Den nasjonale regjering ('the National Government') ruled Norway, while the Norwegian king Haakon VII and the prewar government escaped to London, where they formed a government in exile. Civil rule was effectively assumed by the Reichskommissariat Norwegen (Reich Commissariat of Norway), which acted in collaboration with the pro-German puppet government. This period of military occupation is, in Norway, referred to as the "war years", "occupation period" or simply "the war".
Banco Nacional Ultramarino building, Dili
The Banco Nacional Ultramarino (BNU) building, in the centre of Dili, capital city of Timor-Leste, is a modernist structure unusual in Timor. Constructed between 1966 and 1968, it has only one contemporary, the ACAIT building, formerly the headquarters of the now defunct Timor Commercial, Agricultural and Industrial Association (Portuguese: Associação Comercial Industrial e Agrícola de Timor (ACAIT)).

As a consequence of political turbulence culminating in the Indonesian invasion of East Timor in 1975, the BNU building's owner, Banco Nacional Ultramarino, closed down its Timor operations.  However, since 2001 the building has again been occupied by BNU Timor, now a trading name of the Portuguese bank Caixa Geral de Depósitos.

Banco Nacional Ultramarino
Banco Nacional Ultramarino, S.A. (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈbɐ̃ku nɐsiuˈnal ultɾɐmɐˈɾinu], BNU; Chinese: 大西洋銀行; English: National Overseas Bank) is a Macau banking and financial services corporation. It was historically a Portuguese bank with operations throughout the world, especially in Portugal's former overseas provinces. It ceased existence as an independent legal entity in Portugal following its merger in 2001 with Caixa Geral de Depósitos, the government-owned savings bank.

The bank continues operations today under the Banco Nacional Ultramarino brand in Macau, a Chinese special administrative region and former Portuguese colony, where it is also licensed to issue Macanese pataca banknotes.