hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Toine van Renterghem
Antoine François Mathieu van Renterghem, known as Toine van Renterghem (17 April 1885 – 1 March 1967) was a Dutch international footballer who earned three caps for the national side between 1906 and 1907. Van Renterghem played club football for HBS Craeyenhout. He was also part of the Dutch squad for the football tournament at the 1908 Summer Olympics, but he did not play in any matches.

Football at the 1908 Summer Olympics
At the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, England, an official football tournament between national representative selections was contested for the first time; football had been played between club teams at the Games of 1900 and 1904.

Like the hockey tournament, the rules allowed countries to enter up to four separate teams. Unlike hockey, Scotland, Wales and Ireland did not enter teams.
There were eight entries, including two from France (the main team and a B team). Hungary and Bohemia both withdrew after the draw and appointment of referees, leaving six teams to contest the tournament.

Great Britain won the gold medal representing the United Kingdom (Great Britain and Ireland), although all the players were from England.

Sophus "Krølben" Nielsen of Denmark set a record by scoring 10 goals in a 17–1 win over France A. The famous mathematician Harald Bohr, brother of the even more famous Niels Bohr, also played for Denmark, who won the silver medal.
Coded mark inversion
In telecommunication, coded mark inversion (CMI) is a non-return-to-zero (NRZ) line code. It encodes zero bits as a half bit time of zero followed by a half bit time of one, and while one bits are encoded as a full bit time of a constant level.  The level used for one bits alternates each time one is coded.

This is vaguely reminiscent of, but quite different from, Miller encoding, which also uses half-bit and full-bit pulses, but additionally uses the half-one/half-zero combination and arranges them so that the signal always spends at least a full bit time at a particular level before transitioning again.

CMI doubles the bitstream frequency, when compared to its simple NRZ equivalent, but allows easy and reliable clock recovery.

Pulse
In medicine, pulse is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery in response to the cardiac cycle (heartbeat). The pulse may be felt (palpated) in any place that allows an artery to be compressed near the surface of the body, such as at the neck (carotid artery), wrist (radial artery or ulnar artery), at the groin (femoral artery), behind the knee (popliteal artery), near the ankle joint (posterior tibial artery), and on foot (dorsalis pedis artery). The pulse is most commonly measured at the wrist or neck for adults and at the brachial artery (inner upper arm between the shoulder and elbow) for infants and very young children. A sphygmograph is an instrument for measuring the pulse.
Ubakala
Ubakala Listenⓘ is a large town in Umuahia South Local Government Area (LGA) of Abia State, Nigeria. It is one of the major ancient clans of Umuahia. A popular market for which it is known is the Apumiri Market. Umuahia South Local Government Area Headquarters is located at Apumiri as well. Ubakala is situated southwards of 
Umuahia main township. Its well defined boundaries   geographically places it at the North of Ntigha (a community in Isiala-Ngwa LGA).

Local government areas of Nigeria
Nigeria has 768 local government areas (LGAs) and 6 Area Councils, making 774 LGA each administered by a local government council consisting of a chairman, who is the chief executive, and other elected members, who are referred to as councillors. Each LGA is further subdivided into a minimum of ten and a maximum of twenty wards. A ward is administered by a councillor, who reports directly to the LGA chairman. The councillors fall under the legislative arm of the Local Government, the third tier of government in Nigeria, below the state governments and the federal government.
Too Much, Too Little, Too Late (EP)
Too Much, Too Little, Too Late is a 1998 EP and single by the British power pop band Silver Sun.  The title track is a cover of the John Vallins song that was a US No. 1 hit for Johnny Mathis and Deniece Williams.  It was the biggest commercial success to date for the band reaching No. 20 on the UK Singles Chart.

The B-side of the single and the two bonus tracks on the CD version are also cover versions: "Xanadu" is originally by Rush, "You Made Me Realise" is by My Bloody Valentine and "I'm a Dick" is originally by the Muffs.

Silver Sun
Silver Sun are a British power pop band, who formed in 1995 in Camden, London. They released their self-titled debut album in 1997, and after two major label releases that saw moderate success, the band released two further albums independently. Their sound is a combination of harder-edged alternative rock and classic power pop, with an emphasis on multi-layered vocal harmonies.
Smoking companion set
A smoking companion set or smoke set, is an object both decorative and useful. It has compartments for cigars, cigarettes, matches, ashtrays and burned matches.

They were popular in Europe circa 1900.

Match
A match is a tool for starting a fire. Typically, matches are made of small wooden sticks or stiff paper. One end is coated with a material that can be ignited by friction generated by striking the match against a suitable surface. Wooden matches are packaged in matchboxes, and paper matches are partially cut into rows and stapled into matchbooks. The coated end of a match, known as the match "head", consists of a bead of active ingredients and binder, often colored for easier inspection. There are two main types of matches: safety matches, which can be struck only against a specially prepared surface, and strike-anywhere matches, for which any suitably frictional surface can be used.
Mannina Magalu
Mannina Magalu (pronunciationⓘ transl. Daughter of the soil) is a 1973 Indian Kannada-language film, directed and produced by B. S. Ranga. The film stars Udaykumar, Jayanthi, Gangadhar, Aarathi, and Rajasree. The film has musical score by S. Rajeshwara Rao and is based on a novel of same name by Krishnamoorthy Puranik.

Udaykumar
Bommasandra Srinivasaiah Suryanarayana Murthy (16 March 1933 – 26 December 1985), known professionally as Udaykumar, was an Indian actor, writer, and film producer who worked primarily in Kannada cinema. Along with Rajkumar and Kalyan Kumar, he was part of the trio known as the Kumarathrayaru ("the three Kumars") of Kannada cinema. In addition to acting, he wrote several stage dramas and books.

Uday Kumar appeared in a wide variety of roles and collaborated with many notable actors of his era. In the early part of his career, he was cast in heroic roles, but he later became known for portraying complex antagonists, particularly in historical and mythological films, where he was frequently cast opposite Rajkumar’s protagonist roles.
Nangai Dam
Nangai Dam is an earthfill dam located in Akita Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for flood control and irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is 10 km2. The dam impounds about 44  ha of land when full and can store 1724 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was completed in 1978.

Akita Prefecture
Akita Prefecture (秋田県, Akita-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [aꜜ.kʲi̥.ta, a.kʲi̥.taꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. Its population is estimated 915,691 as of 1 August 2023 and its geographic area is 11,637 km2 (4,493 sq mi). Akita Prefecture is bordered by Aomori Prefecture to the north, Iwate Prefecture to the east, Miyagi Prefecture to the southeast, and Yamagata Prefecture to the south.

Akita is the capital and largest city of Akita Prefecture.  Other major cities include Yokote, Daisen, and Yurihonjō. Akita Prefecture is located on the coast of the Sea of Japan and extends east to the Ōu Mountains, the longest mountain range in Japan, at the border with Iwate Prefecture. Akita Prefecture formed the northern half of the historic Dewa Province with Yamagata Prefecture.
Shillinglaw
Shillinglaw is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anthony Shillinglaw (born 1937), English cricketer

Bob Shillinglaw (born 1953), American lacrosse coach

Brian Shillinglaw (1939–2007), Scottish rugby union and rugby league footballer

David Shillinglaw (born 1982), British artist

Harold Shillinglaw (1927–2016), Australian rules footballer

John Shillinglaw (1831–1905), Australian public servant, author and historian

Kim Shillinglaw (born 1969), British media executive

Harold Shillinglaw
Harold Arthur Edward Shillinglaw (2 December 1927 – 15 April 2016) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Shillinglaw was brought up in Fitzroy and made his debut for their football club in the 1945 VFL season. The Collingwood Tech recruit ended up playing 63 games over seven seasons with Fitzroy.

He also had a brief first-class cricket career, playing three matches for Victoria between 1949–50 and 1953–54, taking 8 wickets at 20.25 with his right-arm medium pace bowling and scoring 88 runs at 17.60.

Shillinglaw played 157 first eleven games of Melbourne District Cricket for Fitzroy Cricket Club between 1943 and 1960.

Shillinglaw also played for Fitzroy in the Melbourne Major Baseball LEague in 1956. On 16 June 1956 he was noted to hit a home run in a tied game against Prahan.
Snezhnogorsk
Snezhnogorsk (Russian: Снежногорск) is the name of several urban localities in Russia:

Snezhnogorsk, Murmansk Oblast, a town under the administrative jurisdiction of the closed administrative-territorial formation of Alexandrovsk in Murmansk Oblast

Snezhnogorsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a work settlement under the administrative jurisdiction of Tsentralny City District of the krai city of Norilsk in Krasnoyarsk Krai

Krasnoyarsk Krai
Krasnoyarsk Krai is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia located in Siberia. Its administrative center is the city of Krasnoyarsk, the second-largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk. Comprising half of the Siberian Federal District, Krasnoyarsk Krai is the largest krai in Russia, the second-largest federal subject in the country after neighboring Sakha, and the third-largest country subdivision by area in the world. The krai covers an area of 2,366,797 square kilometers (913,825 sq mi), constituting roughly 13% of Russia's total area. Krasnoyarsk Krai has a population of 2,856,971 as of the 2021 census.
Henry Patten
Henry Patten (born 6 May 1996) is a British professional tennis player who specialises in doubles. He has been ranked by the ATP as high as world No. 3 in doubles, achieved on 27 January 2025. Patten is a two-time Grand Slam champion in doubles, having won the 2024 Wimbledon Championships and the 2025 Australian Open with Harri Heliövaara.

He has won eight career doubles titles on the ATP Tour and also 13 ATP Challenger titles, 11 with Julian Cash. Ten of the titles came in 2022, a record for the most Challenger doubles titles accrued in a single season.

He also attained his career-high singles ranking of world No. 462 in September 2022.

ATP rankings
The PIF ATP Rankings (previously known as the Pepperstone ATP Rankings) are the merit-based method used by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for determining the qualification for entry as well as the seeding of players in all singles and doubles tournaments. The first rankings for singles were published on 23 August 1973 while the doubles players were ranked for the first time on 1 March 1976. Ranking points are awarded according to the stage of tournament reached, and the prestige of the tournament, with the four Grand Slam tournaments awarding the most points. The rankings are updated every Monday, and points are dropped 52 weeks after being awarded (with the exception of the ATP Finals, from which points are dropped on the Monday following the last ATP Tour event of the following year). As of February 27,
2026, Carlos Alcaraz is the current men's singles world No. 1.
Kashin Glacier
Kashin Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Къшин, romanized: lednik Kashin, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik kɐˈʃin]) is the 8 km long and 2.7 km wide glacier on Fallières Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica. It is situated southwest of Perutz Glacier, north of Marvodol Glacier and east-southeast of Bader Glacier, flows northward between Shapkarev Buttress and Rudozem Heights, and flows into Bourgeois Fjord next southwest of Perutz Glacier.

The glacier is named after the settlement of Kashin in Northern Bulgaria.

Bourgeois Fjord
Bourgeois Fjord is an inlet, 30 miles (50 km) long in a northeast–southwest direction and 3 to 5 miles (5 to 8 km) wide, lying between the east sides of Pourquoi Pas Island and Blaiklock Island and the west coast of Graham Land. It separates Loubet Coast to the north from Fallières Coast to the south. The fjord was discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, and named by him for Colonel Joseph E. Bourgeois, Director of the Geographic Service of the French Army. The outline of this inlet was more accurately delineated in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill.
2014 Aegon Championships – Singles
Grigor Dimitrov defeated Feliciano López in the final, 6–7(8–10), 7–6(7–1), 7–6(8–6) to win the singles title at the 2014 Queen's Club Championships. He saved a championship point in the second set en route to the title, his first on a grass court.

Andy Murray was the defending champion, but lost in the third round to Radek Štěpánek.

Farrukh Dustov
Farrukh Dustov (born 22 May 1986) is a retired Uzbek tennis player and tennis coach, playing on the ITF Futures Tour and ATP Challenger Tour. In February 2015, he reached his highest ATP singles ranking of world No. 98.

He was coached by Manuel Gasbarri, Boris Agostini, Petr Lebed and Diego Rosellini.
Mathura Prasad Mahato
Mathura Prasad Mahato is an Indian politician from the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha. He is a member of the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly, elected three times in 2005, 2009 and 2019 from Tundi. He was the Minister of Revenue and Land Reforms in the First Hemant Soren government. He was the JMM and INDIA alliance candidate for Giridih in the 2024 Indian general election. He belongs to the Kudmi Mahato community..

Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM; lit. 'Jharkhand Liberation Front') is a political party in the Indian state of Jharkhand, founded by Binod Bihari Mahato, Shibu Soren, and A. K. Roy. Hemant Soren is the president of the JMM. JMM is also an influential political party in the state of Odisha and parts of neighbouring states. Its election symbol in Jharkhand is the Bow and Arrow.

The party was officially created on the birthday of Birsa Munda, the 19th-century tribal warrior of Jharkhand, who fought against the British rule in present-day Jharkhand. The State of Jharkhand also came into existence on Birsa Munda's birthday in 2000.
1889 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles
William Renshaw defeated Harry S. Barlow 3–6, 5–7, 8–6, 10–8, 8–6 in the All Comers' Final, and then defeated his brother and reigning champion Ernest Renshaw 6–4, 6–1, 3–6, 6–0 in the challenge round to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1889 Wimbledon Championships. Renshaw survived a total of six match points in the All Comers Final against Barlow at 2–5 and 6–7 in the fourth set and trailed 0–5 in the final set.

Ernest Renshaw
Ernest James Renshaw (3 January 1861 – 2 September 1899) was a British tennis player who was active in the late 19th century.

Together with his twin brother William Renshaw, Ernest won the men's doubles at Wimbledon five times. He also won the singles championship at Wimbledon once, in 1888 and was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1983. He won the singles title at the Irish Championships on four occasions (1883, 1887, 1888, 1892). Ernest was the older of the brothers by 15 minutes and half an inch taller.

The boom in popularity of the game during the 1880s due to the modern tennis style of the Renshaw brothers became known as the 'Renshaw Rush'.
Bishop's Itchington
Bishop's Itchington is a village and civil parish in the Stratford-on-Avon district of Warwickshire, England. It is about 3 miles (5 km) south-southwest of Southam and about 6.5 miles (10 km) southeast of Royal Leamington Spa. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 2,082.

The River Itchen flows north through the parish. The village is in the northern part of the parish just west of the river, and stands on boulder clay and Lower Lias. The parish covers 3,052 acres (1,235 ha). It is bounded to the south by a minor road, to the east partly by the A423 road and on other sides by field boundaries.

The Chiltern Main Line passes through the parish less than 0.5 miles (800 m) east of the village. Junction 12 on the M40 motorway is about 2 miles (3 km) southwest of the village.

Boulder clay
Boulder clay is an unsorted agglomeration of clastic sediment that is unstratified and structureless and contains gravel of various sizes, shapes, and compositions distributed at random in a fine-grained matrix. The fine-grained matrix consists of stiff, hard, pulverized clay or rock flour. Boulder clay is also known as drift clay; till; and unstratified drift.

The term boulder clay is infrequently used for gravelly sedimentary deposits of nonglacial origin. These deposits include submarine slump and slide deposits along continental margins, lacustrine debris flow deposits consisting of pebbly mudstones, and coarse, poorly sorted, cobbly diamictons associated with the Guangxi karst, China.
Odenback, Ontario
Odenback is an unincorporated place and former railway point in geographic Deacon Township in the Unorganized South Part of Nipissing District in northeastern Ontario, Canada. Odenback is located within Algonquin Provincial Park on Radiant Lake at the confluence of the tributary Little Madawaska River with the Petawawa River.

It lies on the now abandoned Canadian National Railway Beachburg Subdivision, a section of track that was originally constructed as the Canadian Northern Railway main line, between Ancanthus to the west and Radiant to the east; it had a rail siding.

Canadian Northern Railway
The Canadian Northern Railway (CNoR) was a historic Canadian transcontinental railway. At its 1923 merger into the Canadian National Railway (reporting mark CN), the CNoR owned a main line between Quebec City and Vancouver via Ottawa, Winnipeg, and Edmonton.
Random Desire
Random Desire is the debut studio album by American singer Greg Dulli, lead singer of the bands the Afghan Whigs and the Twilight Singers. It was released on February 21, 2020, by Royal Cream and BMG Rights Management.

BMG Rights Management
BMG Rights Management GmbH (also known simply as BMG) is an international music company based in Berlin, Germany. It combines the activities of a music publisher and a record label.

BMG was originally founded in 1985 and relaunched in October 2008 after Bertelsmann sold its stake in Sony BMG to Sony. From 2009 to 2013, the investment firm KKR held 51% of the company, which became one of the world's largest music publishers during that time. BMG is 100% owned by Bertelsmann and one of the group's eight business divisions.
Tax in kind
Tax in kind or tax-in-kind is any taxation that is paid in kind, that is with goods or services rather than money. Some notable examples of tax in kind include:

corvée, a tax paid in manual labour, such as on a public works project.

fisc, in the Frankish kingdoms of the Medieval period

food render, a feorm or tax-in-kind provided through royal vills in Anglo-Saxon England

kharaj, instituted during the period of the Islamic Empire

a tax on agricultural produce imposed by the Confederate States of America in 1863

Prodnalog, paid by private farms in Soviet Russia during the 1920s under the New Economic Policy.

An agricultural tax in North Korea imposed in 1947 and abolished in 1966

Goods
In economics, goods are anything that is good, usually in the sense that it provides welfare or utility to someone. Goods can be contrasted with bads, i.e. things that provide negative value for users, like chores or waste. A bad lowers a consumer's overall welfare.

Economics focuses on the study of economic goods, i.e. goods that are scarce; in other words, producing the good requires expending effort or resources. Economic goods contrast with free goods such as air, for which there is an unlimited supply.

Goods are the result of the secondary sector of the economy which involves the transformation of raw materials or intermediate goods into goods.
Moolap railway station
Moolap railway station is a closed railway station on the Queenscliff railway line. It was opened on 1 August 1881 and closed on 10 March 1936. It served the workers at the salt works. On 1 January 1923 it became a request stop as traffic dropped exponentially after World War I and buses and trams became a faster way of travel.

Bellarine Railway
38°15′42″S 144°39′35″E﻿ / ﻿38.261772°S 144.659729°E﻿ / -38.261772; 144.659729

The Bellarine Railway, formerly the Bellarine Peninsula Railway, is a volunteer-operated steam-driven tourist railway located in Victoria, Australia. It operates on a 16 km (9.9 mi) section of a formerly disused branch line on the Bellarine Peninsula between the coastal town of Queenscliff and Drysdale, near Geelong.
Pi1 Ursae Majoris
Pi1 Ursae Majoris (Pi1 UMa, π1 Ursae Majoris, π1 UMa) is a yellow G-type main sequence dwarf with a mean apparent magnitude of +5.63. It is approximately 46.8 light years from Earth, and is a relatively young star with an age of about 200 million years. It is classified as a BY Draconis type variable star and its brightness varies by 0.08 magnitudes. In 1986, it became the first solar-type star to have the emission from an X-ray flare observed. Based upon its space velocity components, this star is a member of the Ursa Major moving group of stars that share a common motion through space.

An excess of infrared radiation has been detected from this system, which suggests the presence of a debris disk. The best fit to the data indicates that there is a ring of fine debris out to a radius of about 0.4 AU, consisting of 0.25 μm grains of amorphous silicates or crystalline forsterite. There may also be a wider ring of larger (10 μm) grains out to a distance of 16 AU.

Infrared excess
An infrared excess is a measurement of an astronomical source, typically a star, that in their spectral energy distribution has a greater measured infrared flux than expected by assuming the star is a blackbody radiator.  Infrared excesses are often the result of circumstellar dust heated by starlight and reemitted at longer wavelengths. They are common in young stellar objects and evolved stars on the asymptotic giant branch or older.

In addition, monitoring for infrared excess emission from stellar systems is one possible method that could enable a search for large-scale stellar engineering projects of a hypothetical extraterrestrial civilization; for example a Dyson sphere or Dyson swarm. This infrared excess would be the outcome of the waste heat emitted by the aforementioned structures if they are considered blackbodies at temperatures close to 300 K.