hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michael Lotenero
Michael Lotenero (born March 31, 1967) is an American artist, graphic designer, illustrator, and musician who emerged from the Pittsburgh art scene.  He is known for his figurative abstracts, sculptures, and iconic heads.

Abstract (summary)
An abstract is a brief summary of a research article, thesis, review, conference proceeding, or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper's purpose. When used, an abstract always appears at the beginning of a manuscript or typescript, acting as the point-of-entry for any given academic paper or patent application.  Abstracting and indexing services for various academic disciplines are aimed at compiling a body of literature for that particular subject.

The terms précis or synopsis are used in some publications to refer to the same thing that other publications might call an "abstract". In management reports, an executive summary usually contains more information (and often more sensitive information) than the abstract does.
Stephen Kimpton
Stephen MacDonald Kimpton (5 March 1914 – 18 July 1997) was an Australian first-class cricketer.

The son of Victor Yule Kimpton, he was born in the inner Melbourne suburb of Toorak in March 1914. He was educated at Melbourne Grammar School, before studying in England at Brasenose College, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he played first-class cricket for Oxford University in 1935, making four appearances. Kimpton scored 112 runs in his four matches, at an average of 18.66 and a high score of 31. With his right-arm slow bowling, he took 9 wickets at a bowling average of 42.66 and best figures of 4 for 65.

After graduating from Oxford, Kimpton went into business, which included roles as chairman of the Commercial Bank of Australia and deputy chairman of Westpac Banking Corporation. Kimpton died at Melbourne in July 1997. His brother, Roger, was also a first-class cricketer who played county cricket in England.

County cricket
Inter-county cricket matches have been played since the early 18th century, involving teams that are representative of the historic counties of England and Wales.

Two county championship competitions have existed since the late 19th century at different levels: the County Championship, a first-class competition which involves 18 clubs, of which 17 are English and one is from Wales; and the National Counties Championship, with 19 English clubs and one club representing several Welsh counties.

County clubs have also played limited-overs competitions since the 1960s. The first edition of the Gillette Cup in 1963 was the world's first List A cricket tournament. The Sunday League existed from 1969 to 2009, mostly as a 40-overs-per-side league. The 2003 Twenty20 Cup was the world's first Twenty20 tournament. Currently, the main limited-overs county competitions are the One-Day Cup, Women's One-Day Cup, T20 Blast and Women's T20 Blast.
All Nations Bible College
All Nations Bible College was a missionary college in London, founded in 1892. By 1923 it was headed by F. B. Meyer, who also presided over the All Nations Missionary Union.  The college trained single men and married couples.

In 1962, the college changed its name to All Nations Missionary College. In 1964, it moved from Taplow, in Buckinghamshire, to Easneye Mansion near Ware.  In 1971, the college merged with two other missionary schools to become All Nations Christian College.

The current school can accommodate 100 students in their Easneye Mansion complex, which coincidentally is dissected by the prime meridian line.

Ware, Hertfordshire
Ware is a town and civil parish in the East Hertfordshire district, in the county of Hertfordshire, England. It is close to the county town of Hertford. In the 2021 Census, the parish had a population of 19,622.
Linda Newbery
Linda Iris Newbery (born 12 August 1952) is a British writer known best for young adult fiction—where she entered the market, although she has broadened her range to encompass all ages. She published her first novel Run with the Hare in 1988, while still working as an English teacher in a comprehensive school. Her 2006 novel Catcall won the Nestlé Children's Book Prize Silver Award.

Newbery is a regular tutor for the Arvon Foundation and is a member of the Society of Authors and the Scattered Authors' Society.

Arvon Foundation
The Arvon Foundation is a charitable organisation in the United Kingdom that promotes creative writing.  Arvon is one of Arts Council England's National Portfolio Organisations.

Andrew Kidd is the Chief Executive Officer, and Patricia Cumper is Chair of the board of trustees.
Daxi culture
The Daxi culture (5000–3300 BC) was a Neolithic culture centered in the Three Gorges region around the middle Yangtze, China. The culture ranged from western Hubei to eastern Sichuan and the Pearl River Delta. The site at Daxi, located in the Qutang Gorge around Wushan, Chongqing, was discovered by Nels C. Nelson in the 1920s.

Three Gorges
The Three Gorges (simplified Chinese: 三峡; traditional Chinese: 三峽; pinyin: Sānxiáⓘ) are three adjacent and sequential gorges along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, in the hinterland of the People's Republic of China, known for their scenery.

The Three Gorges—comprising the Qutang, followed by the Wu, and finally the Xiling gorges—span 193 miles (311 km), beginning at Baidicheng of Chongqing in the west and ending at Nanjing Pass at Yichang City, Hubei Province in the east, between which are the Fengjie and Wushan counties of Chongqing, as well as Badong and Zigui counties of Hubei Province.
Technopark, Kollam
Technopark, Kollam is an industrial park in Kundara, Kollam, It is a satellite park of Technopark that is situated 63 km away from the Trivandrum Campus. This is the first district level IT Park established in Kerala. The Technopark Kollam is situated in 44.47 acres (18.00 ha) of land beside Kanjiracode Lake. This park is developed as a Special Economic Zone.

Technopark Kollam houses domestic firms, mainly startups and MNC's engaged in a wide variety of activities, which include software development, mobile app development, enterprise solutions, business analytics, embedded system, internet of things, cloud computing, medical transcription and business process outsourcing.

Enterprise integration
Enterprise integration is a technical field of enterprise architecture, which is focused on the study of topics such as system interconnection, electronic data interchange, product data exchange and distributed computing environments.

It is a concept in enterprise engineering to provide the relevant information and thereby enable communication between people, machines and computers and their efficient co-operation and co-ordination.
World's Largest Peace Pipe
The World's Largest Peace Pipe is a statue of a ceremonial pipe in Pipestone, Minnesota, United States.  It began with a vision shared by three spiritual people: one Lakota and two Anishinaabe. The pipe stands on the grounds of the historic Rock Island Railroad depot near the entrance to Pipestone National Monument, home to the Keepers of the Sacred Tradition of Pipemakers. The location of the giant peace pipe is significant; the pipestone quarry nearby is known as "the crossroads of the Indian world." The soft red catlinite from the quarry has been used by American Indians for thousands of years to create ceremonial peace pipes.

Ceremonial pipe
A ceremonial pipe is a particular type of smoking pipe, used by a number of cultures of the indigenous peoples of the Americas in their sacred ceremonies. Traditionally they are used to offer prayers in a religious ceremony, to make a ceremonial commitment, or to seal a covenant or treaty. The pipe ceremony may be a component of a larger ceremony, or held as a sacred ceremony in and of itself. Indigenous peoples of the Americas who use ceremonial pipes have names for them in each culture's Indigenous language. Not all cultures have pipe traditions, and there is no single word for all ceremonial pipes across the hundreds of diverse Native American languages.
Invicta (motto)
Invicta is a Latin word meaning invincible, undefeated, or unconquered. It has been used in mottoes like Roma invicta (Latin for "Unconquered Rome"), and it is the motto of the county of Kent, England.

Roma invicta
Roma invicta is a Latin phrase meaning "undefeated Rome". It was an inspirational motto used until the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD, when Rome was conquered by the Goths. This symbolic statement was later printed rarely onto gold coins.
Binn
Binn (Walser German: Bìi) is a municipality in the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

The Binn Valley is known for its rich mineral deposits, some types of which are unique to the area.  The notable Lengenbach Quarry is in Binn.

Walser German
Walser German (German: Walserdeutsch) and Walliser German (Walliserdeutsch, locally Wallisertiitsch) are a group of Highest Alemannic dialects spoken in parts of Switzerland (Valais, Ticino, Grisons), Italy (Piedmont, Aosta Valley), Liechtenstein (Triesenberg, Planken), and Austria (Vorarlberg).

Usage of the terms Walser and Walliser has come to reflect a difference of geography, rather than language. The term Walser refers to those speakers whose ancestors migrated into other Alpine valleys in medieval times, whereas Walliser refers only to a speaker from Upper Valais – that is, the upper Rhone valley. In a series of migrations during the Late Middle Ages, people migrated out of the Upper Valais, across the higher valleys of the Alps.
Bladderpod oil
Bladderpod oil is a seed oil, extracted from the seeds of the Physaria fendleri and other species of genus Physaria, Native to the plains and mesas of southwestern United States, eastward to Kansas and southward into northern Mexico. Bladderpod oil is rich in lesquerolic acid (C20:1-OH), a rare hydroxycarboxylic acid. The only commercial source of hydroxycarboxylic acids is ricinoleic acid (C18:1-OH), found in castor oil. Essentially all castor oil production in the U.S. has been eliminated by a combination of economic factors, excessive allergenic reactions of field and processing workers, and toxicity of the seed meal. The fatty acid composition of bladderpod oil is:

Other species of bladderpod that yield similar oils include Physaira lindheimeri, Paysonia densipilia, Paysonia auriculata and Physaria pallida. P. fendleri is of particular interest because of the yields of 1,500 kg/ha that have been achieved in only a few years of cultivation.

Fatty acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are a major component of the lipids (up to 70% by weight) in some species such as microalgae but in some other organisms are not found in their standalone form, but instead exist as three main classes of esters: triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters. In any of these forms, fatty acids are both important dietary sources of fuel for animals and important structural components for cells.
RC Salon XIII
Rugby Club Salon XIII, nicknamed the Jaguars, are a French Rugby league club based in Salon-de-Provence, Bouches-du-Rhône in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. The club plays in the French Elite Two Championship.

Bouches-du-Rhône
Bouches-du-Rhône (/ˌbuːʃ djuː ˈroʊn/ BOOSH dew ROHN; French: les Bouches-du-Rhône [le buʃ dy ʁon] ⓘ, locally [le ˈbuʃə dy ˈʁɔnə]; Occitan: lei Bocas de Ròse [lej ˈbukɔz de ˈʀɔze]; "the Mouths of the Rhône") is a department in southern France. It borders Vaucluse to the north, Gard to the west and Var to the east. The Mediterranean Sea lies to the south. Its prefecture and largest city is Marseille; other important cities include Aix-en-Provence, Arles, Martigues and Aubagne.

Marseille, France's second-largest city, has one of the largest container ports in the country. It prides itself on being France's oldest city, founded by Greek settlers from Phocaea around 600 BC. Bouches-du-Rhône is the most populous department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, with 2,043,110 inhabitants as of 2019. It has an area of 5,087 km2 (1,964 sq mi). Its INSEE and postal code is 13.
Valve interstitial cells
Valve interstitial cells (VIC), cardiac valve interstitial cells, or also known as valvular interstitial cells (VICs), are the most prevalent cells in the heart valve leaflets, which are a type of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and are responsible for maintaining the extracellular matrix that provides the mechanical properties of the heart valve.

They are present in all three layers of the heart valve: a) fibrosa, b) spongiosa, c) ventricularis.

VICs are found in all three layers of heart valves, while the entire structure is covered by valve endothelial cells (VECs). Each layer has a unique matrix composition: ventricularis is abundant in elastin, spongiosa is rich in proteoglycans, and fibrosa is filled with collagen. During embryogenesis, the endothelial cells that cover the primordial valve structures migrate into the underlying matrix and undergo a transformation from endothelial to mesenchymal, becoming the interstitial cells. Therefore, VICs originate from endothelial cells.

Proteoglycan
Proteoglycans are proteins that are heavily glycosylated. The basic proteoglycan unit consists of a "core protein" with one or more covalently attached glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain(s). The point of attachment is a serine (Ser) residue to which the glycosaminoglycan is joined through a  tetrasaccharide bridge (e.g. chondroitin sulfate-GlcA-Gal-Gal-Xyl-PROTEIN). The Ser residue is generally in the sequence -Ser-Gly-X-Gly- (where X can be any amino acid residue but proline), although not every protein with this sequence has an attached glycosaminoglycan. The chains are long, linear carbohydrate polymers that are negatively charged under physiological conditions due to the occurrence of sulfate and uronic acid groups. Proteoglycans occur in connective tissue.
Norwalk Agreement
Norwalk Agreement refers to a Memorandum of Understanding signed in September 2002 between the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), the US standard setter, and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The agreement is so called as it was reached in Norwalk.

The Agreement was a significant step towards the US formalising its commitment to the convergence of US GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards.

In the Press Release that announced the Agreement, Robert H. Herz, chairman of the FASB commented  “The FASB is committed to working toward the goal of producing high quality reporting standards worldwide to support healthy global capital markets”.

The Agreement set out a number of initiatives, including a move to eliminate minor differences between US and international standards, a decision to align the two Boards’ future work programmes and a commitment to work together on joint projects.

International Accounting Standards Board
The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is the independent accounting standard-setting body of the IFRS Foundation.
The IASB was founded on April 1, 2001, as the successor to the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC).  It is responsible for developing International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and for promoting their use and application.
Slepian
Slepian is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Barnett Slepian (1946–1998), American physician and OB/GYN who was shot and killed in his home by an anti-abortion activist, James Charles Kopp

Dan Slepian, American journalist, author, podcaster, and senior investigative producer at Dateline NBC.

David Slepian (1923–2007), American mathematician

Jan Slepian (1921–2016), author of books for children and young adults

Joseph Slepian (1891–1969), American electrical engineer known for his contributions to the developments of electrical apparatus and theory

Vladimir Slepian, a.k.a. Eric Pid (1930–1998), French artist and writer of Russian-Jewish origin

Barnett Slepian
Barnett Abba Slepian (April 23, 1946 – October 23, 1998) was an American physician and abortion provider who was assassinated in his home by James Charles Kopp, a militant member of the US anti-abortion movement.
Sine Bundgaard
Sine Merrild Bundgaard (born 15 January 1970) is a Danish soprano. She was born in Aarhus. Educated at the Royal Danish Academy of Music and the Danish Opera Academy, she debuted in 1999 at the Royal Danish Theatre in the role of Barbarina in Mozart’s The Marriage of Figaro. She has appeared in many European opera houses, including the Paris Opera, the Bavarian State Opera (Munich) and the Drottningholm Palace Theatre (Stockholm).

She was hired as an opera soloist at the Royal Danish Theatre in 2009 and has since, among other roles, appeared as Michaëla in Georges Bizet’s Carmen, Pamina in The Magic Flute, the title role in Alban Berg’s Lulu, Juliette in Charles Gounod’s Roméo et Juliette, Nedda in Ruggero Leoncavallo’s Pagliacci and Donna Elvira in Mozart's Don Giovanni.

Ruggero Leoncavallo
Ruggero (or Ruggiero) Leoncavallo (23 April 1857 – 9 August 1919) was an Italian opera composer and librettist. Throughout his career, Leoncavallo produced numerous operas and songs, but it is his 1892 opera Pagliacci that remained his lasting contribution, despite attempts to escape the shadow of his greatest success.

Today Pagliacci continues to be his most famous opera and one of the most popular and frequently performed works in the operatic repertory. His other notable compositions include the song "Mattinata", popularized by Enrico Caruso, and, to a lesser extent, his version of La bohème which, however, was overshadowed by Puccini's highly successful opera of the same name.
Rosenmund–von Braun reaction
The Rosenmund–von Braun synthesis is an organic reaction in which an aryl halide reacts with cuprous cyanide to yield an aryl nitrile.

The reaction was named after Karl Wilhelm Rosenmund who together with his Ph.D. student Erich Struck discovered in 1914 that aryl halide reacts with alcohol water solution of potassium cyanide and catalytic amounts of cuprous cyanide at 200 °C. The reaction yields the carboxylic acid,  not the nitrile, but Rosenmund speculated that the intermediate should be the nitrile, since nitriles on aromatic rings can react to form carboxylic acids. Independently Alfred Pongratz and Julius von Braun improved the reaction by changing the reaction conditions to higher temperatures and used no solvent for the reaction. Further improvement of the reaction was done in the following years, for example the use of ionic liquids as solvent for the reaction.

Other example

Aryl group
In organic chemistry, an aryl is any functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic ring, usually an aromatic hydrocarbon, such as phenyl and naphthyl. "Aryl" is used for the sake of abbreviation or generalization, and "Ar" is used as a placeholder for the aryl group in chemical structure diagrams, analogous to “R” used for any organic substituent. “Ar” is not to be confused with the elemental symbol for argon.

A simple aryl group is phenyl (C6H5−), a group derived from benzene. Examples of other aryl groups consist of:

The tolyl group (CH3C6H4−) which is derived from toluene (methylbenzene)

The xylyl group ((CH3)2C6H3−), which is derived from xylene (dimethylbenzene)

The naphthyl group (C10H7−), which is derived from naphthalene

Arylation is the process in which an aryl group is attached to a substituent. It is typically achieved by cross-coupling reactions.
Imma procrossa
Imma procrossa is a moth in the family Immidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1906. It is found on Borneo.

The wingspan is about 24 mm. The forewings are rather dark ochreous fuscous, slightly purplish tinged, streaked with ochreous between the veins and in the cell, and towards the costa anteriorly with orange. All veins are marked by fine ochreous lines, terminating in a submarginal yellow-ochreous streak from the middle of the costa to the tornus, edged posteriorly with dark fuscous, and leaving a narrow fuscous border all around the costa and termen. The hindwings are dark grey, lighter towards the base.

Immidae
Immoidea is a superfamily of pantropical moths containing only the family Immidae comprising ten genera with around 250 species, over half of them in the genus Imma. Many are brightly coloured and diurnal. The position of this group is currently uncertain within the group Obtectomera . The larvae feed on the leaves of dicotyledons and conifers including Podocarpus (Dugdale et al. 1999).
Jeffrey Lewis (academic)
Jeffrey Lewis is an American expert in nuclear nonproliferation and geopolitics, currently a professor at the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (otherwise known as the CNS) at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey, and director of the CNS East Asia Nonproliferation Program. He has written two books on China's nuclear weapons, and numerous journal and magazine articles, blog posts, and podcasts on nonproliferation and related topics.

Since 2004 Lewis has run the blog site Arms Control Wonk, later hosting a podcast by the same name with Aaron Stein.

Lewis has been cited as an expert on nuclear programs of China, North Korea, Iran, Pakistan, and South Africa in the media.

His research interests have also included open-source intelligence, using and promoting the use of analysis of satellite images, photography, and other information sources to understand events and issues in proliferation and related topics.

Open-source intelligence
Open-source intelligence (OSINT) is the collection and analysis of data gathered from open sources (overt sources and publicly available information) to produce actionable intelligence. OSINT is primarily used in national security, law enforcement, and business intelligence functions and is of value to analysts who use non-sensitive intelligence in answering classified, unclassified, or proprietary intelligence requirements across the previous intelligence disciplines.
1967 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships
The 1967 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships were held at the Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum Arena in Oakland, California. Organized by the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU), the competition took place on March 3-4 and served as the national championships in indoor track and field for the United States.

At the championships, Bob Seagren attempted the pole vault world record of 17 ft 7 in (5.35 m) but didn't clear the height. His failure was blamed on the short runway, forcing Seagren to start his run-ups on the banked track. Bill Gaines won the men's 60 yards, which he did while borrowing the running spikes of Wyomia Tyus. The attendance was considered light, at only 5,264 people though tickets cost as much as $6.

The women's championships marked the first time that the mile run was contested. The men's championships added the triple jump for the first time.

Wyomia Tyus
Wyomia Tyus (pronunciation: why-o-mi; born August 29, 1945) is a retired American track and field sprinter, and the first person to retain the Olympic title in the 100 m (a feat since duplicated by Carl Lewis, Gail Devers, Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce, Usain Bolt, and Elaine Thompson-Herah).