hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
GNOSIS
Great New Operating System In the Sky (GNOSIS) is a capability-based operating system that was researched during the 1970s at Tymshare, Inc. It was based on the research of Norman Hardy, Dale E. Jordan, Bill Frantz, Charlie Landau, Jay Jonekait, et al. It provided a foundation for the development of future operating systems such as KeyKOS, EROS, CapROS, and Coyotos. In 1984, McDonnell Douglas acquired Tymshare, and a year later sold GNOSIS to Key Logic, where GNOSIS was renamed KeyKOS.

McDonnell Douglas
McDonnell Douglas Corporation was a major American aerospace manufacturing corporation and defense contractor. It was formed by the merger of McDonnell Aircraft and the Douglas Aircraft Company in 1967. Between then and its own merger with Boeing in 1997, it produced well-known commercial and military aircraft, such as the DC-10 and the MD-80 airliners, the F-15 Eagle air superiority fighter, and the F/A-18 Hornet multirole fighter.

The corporation's headquarters were at St. Louis Lambert International Airport, near St. Louis, Missouri.
A Biographical Dictionary of Railway Engineers
A Biographical Dictionary of Railway Engineers is a book by the English historian John Marshall (1922–2008) which summarises the lives of more than 600 engineers from Europe and North America.

Each biographical entry is in summary form and concludes with a list of references. It includes an index, but no illustrations. A typical entry begins with the subject's birth and death dates, with places, and deals chronologically with the subject's railway career. Any writings by the subject are noted, and the concluding section gives page references to where the information came from, usually technical periodicals. The concluding index is of railway companies worldwide and notes the engineers who worked for them.

The second edition now covers 752 names. A review of it appears in Journal of Transport History, March 2004.

1978 edition pub. David & Charles, Newton Abbot. 252pp. ISBN 0-7153-7489-3

2003 edition pub. Railway and Canal Historical Society, Oxford. 206pp. ISBN 0-901461-22-9

John Marshall (railway historian)
John Marshall (1 May 1922 – 12 November 2008) was an English railway historian. He is best known for his three-volume history of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway 'which he greatly disliked being described as "definitive"'  and for compiling The Guinness Railway Book 'which, in its six editions, is arguably the best selling railway book of all time.'
Hieu Minh Ngo
Ngo Minh Hieu (also known as Hieu PC; born October 8, 1989) is a Vietnamese cyber security specialist and a former hacker and identity thief. He was convicted in the United States of stealing millions of people's personally identifiable information and in 2015 he was sentenced to 13 years in U.S. federal prison. After his early release from prison in 2020, Hieu returned to Vietnam and was recruited by the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) under the Ministry of Information and Communications as a technical expert. Currently, he holds the positions of director of the social limited liability company ChongLuaDao and manager of the non-profit project ChongLuaDao, which he co-founded with his partners at the end of 2020.

Hacker
A hacker is a person skilled in information technology who achieves goals and solves problems by non-standard means. The term has become associated in popular culture with a security hacker – someone with knowledge of bugs or exploits to break into computer systems and access data which would otherwise be inaccessible to them. In a positive connotation, though, hacking can also be utilized by legitimate figures in legal situations. For example, law enforcement agencies sometimes use hacking techniques to collect evidence on criminals and other malicious actors. This could include using anonymity tools (such as a VPN or the dark web) to mask their identities online and pose as criminals.

Hacking can also have a broader sense of any roundabout solution to a problem, or programming and hardware development in general, and hacker culture has spread the term's broader usage to the general public even outside the profession or hobby of electronics (see life hack).
Veronika Oberhuber
Veronika Oberhuber (born 1 February 1967) is an Italian luger who has competed during the 1980s. She won the gold medal in the mixed team event at the 1989 FIL World Luge Championships in Winterberg, West Germany. Oberhuber competed in two Winter Olympics, earning her beat finish of 11th at Sarajevo in 1984.

Winterberg
Winterberg (German pronunciation: [ˈvɪntɐˌbɛʁk] ⓘ; Westphalian: Winnenmerg) is a town in the Hochsauerland district of North Rhine-Westphalia, central Germany and a major winter sport resort of the Wintersport Arena Sauerland.
Staffordshire Regiment
The Staffordshire Regiment (Prince of Wales's) (or simply "Staffords" for short) was an infantry regiment of the British Army, part of the Prince of Wales's Division. The regiment was formed in 1959 by the amalgamation of the South Staffordshire Regiment and the North Staffordshire Regiment (Prince of Wales's), and in 2007 was amalgamated with the Cheshire Regiment and the Worcestershire and Sherwood Foresters Regiment to become the 3rd Battalion, Mercian Regiment.

In 2014, the 3rd Battalion, Mercian Regiment was merged with the 1st and 2nd battalions, to create the 1st and 2nd battalions, Mercian Regiment (Cheshires, Worcesters and Sherwood Foresters, and Staffords).

The mascot of the Staffordshire Regiment was a Staffordshire Bull Terrier; each successive mascot took the name Watchman. The current serving mascot is known as Private Watchman VI and he carries out his duties as part of the Staffordshire Regimental Association.

DMS Whittington
DMS Whittington, otherwise known as Defence Medical Services Whittington (formerly Whittington Barracks), is a military base in Whittington, Staffordshire, near Lichfield in England. It is home to the Staffordshire Regiment Museum, the Headquarters of the Surgeon General and subordinate medical headquarters, and the location of the Defence Medical Academy.
Anthony Balmforth
Anthony James Balmforth (3 September 1926 – 20 February 2009) was Archdeacon of Bristol from 1979 until 1990.

Balmforth educated at Sebright School and Brasenose College, Oxford. He was ordained Deacon in  1952 and Priest in 1953. After a curacy in Mansfield he held incumbencies in Skegby, Kidderminster and Kings Norton until his Archdeacon’s appointment.

Heathfield Knoll School
Heathfield Knoll School and Nursery is a small, independent, non-denominational day school and nursery in Wolverley, near Kidderminster in Worcestershire, England, for boys and girls aged three months to 19 years.

The school is a member of the Independent Schools Association and the Independent Schools Council.

The School is divided into six sections: Sixth Form, Upper School, Middle School, Lower School, and Early Years. The other section is the Connect Base, a specialised SEND base.

Heathfield Knoll also have a head of safeguarding, as led by Teresa Stooksbury and office manager is Julie Onions.
Veerle Bakker
Veerle Bakker (born 29 September 1997) is a Dutch long-distance and cross country runner and steeplechaser. She is a multiple-time Dutch national champion in the 3000m steeplechase and in 2025 won the Dutch national title in the 10,000 metres. She has competed at the European Cross Country Championships and the European Athletics Championships.

University of Portland
The University of Portland (UP) is a private Catholic university in Portland, Oregon, United States. It was founded in 1901 and is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross, which also founded UP's sister school, the University of Notre Dame. UP enrolls approximately 3,700 students.

The campus is in the University Park neighborhood near St. Johns, on a bluff overlooking the Willamette River. With a college of arts and sciences, a graduate school, and schools of business, education, engineering, and nursing and health innovations, it is Oregon's only comprehensive Catholic university. UP is North Portland's largest corporation and has an annual economic impact on Portland of $170 million. More than 17,000 alumni live in the Portland metropolitan area.
Rally San Marino
Rally San Marino is a motorsport event for rally cars, held in San Marino with some stages located in the neighbouring Italian province Emilia-Romagna. The first rally was held in 1970 and currently is part of the Italian Rally Championship. The rally was also regular part of the European Rally Championship until the coefficient demise in 2004. In 2012 the rally was included in the Intercontinental Rally Challenge.

The only Sammarinese driver to win the rally until 2018 is Massimo Ercolani - he has won it 3 times.

Intercontinental Rally Challenge
The Intercontinental Rally Challenge was an FIA-sanctioned rallying series organised by SRW Events and Eurosport Events, and aimed to "give new opportunities to young or amateur rally drivers competing in recognised regional and international rallies, while offering organisers an innovative TV format concept, created by Eurosport." The series focused on Group N and Group A spec cars up to 2000 cc, including Super 2000, R4, R2 and R3.

The series began in 2006 under the name International Rally Challenge, adopting the name, Intercontinental Rally Challenge in 2007. The 2012 season was the final season of the series: from 2013, the series promoter Eurosport Events was awarded responsibility for organising the rival European Rally Championship by the FIA, and the two competing series were effectively merged.
1959 Cincinnati Reds season
The 1959 Cincinnati Reds season consisted of the Reds finishing in a fifth-place tie with the Chicago Cubs in the National League standings, with a record of 74–80, 13 games behind the NL and World Champion Los Angeles Dodgers.

Prior to the season the club, after calling themselves the Cincinnati Redlegs for the past six seasons, changed its nickname back to the Reds. The Reds played their home games at Crosley Field, where they attracted 801,298 fans, eighth and last in the Senior Circuit.

1959 Los Angeles Dodgers season
The 1959 Los Angeles Dodgers season was the 70th season for the Los Angeles Dodgers franchise in Major League Baseball (MLB), their 2nd season in Los Angeles, California, and their 2nd season playing their home games at Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles California. The Dodgers finished in a first-place tie with the Milwaukee Braves, with each team going 86–68. The Dodgers won the pennant as they swept the Braves in a best-of-three tie-breaker series. They went on to defeat the Chicago White Sox in the World Series in just their second season since leaving Brooklyn. The Dodgers led all 16 Major League Baseball clubs in home attendance, drawing 2,071,045 fans to Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum.
Bibby Financial Services
Bibby Financial Services (BFS) is a multinational corporation that provides financial services to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

The company is a subsidiary of the Liverpool based Bibby Line Group, which was founded in 1807 by businessman, John Bibby. In the 1980s, the group diversified into financial services, haulage, retail, and private-equity-style investments in businesses. This helped it to survive and grow whilst local rivals, such as Cunard and White Star Line, disappeared or were absorbed by others. Bibby Line Group, today headed by the sixth generation of the Bibby family, is a £1.2 billion business, and operates in more than 20 countries, employing over 4,500 people in industries including retail, offshore, financial services, distribution, shipping, marine-based businesses, and plant hire.

John Bibby (businessman)
John Bibby (19 February 1775 – 17 July 1840) was the founder of the British Bibby Line shipping company in 1807, and co-owned three slave ships.  He was born in Eccleston, near Ormskirk, Lancashire. He was murdered on 17 July 1840 on his way home from dinner at a friend's house in Kirkdale. The murder, believed to be a robbery gone wrong as his watch was stolen, was never solved.
Thamihla Kyun Wildlife Sanctuary
Thamihla Kyun Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area in Myanmar, located on the 0.88 km2 (0.34 sq mi) small uninhabited Diamond Island near the mouth of Pathein River. It was established in 1970 and is part of Ngaputaw Township in Ayeyarwady Region.
It is managed by the Forest Department.

Diamond Island is undulating with a coast line of 4.8 km (3.0 mi) consisting of sandy beaches and narrow cliffs running south and west. The highest elevation is approximately 35 m (115 ft). Three rain fed reservoirs provide freshwater. There are about 90 craters from bombs dropped during the Second World War.

Ngapudaw Township
Ngapudaw Township or Ngaputaw Township (Burmese: ငပုတောမြို့နယ်) is a township of Pathein District in the Ayeyarwady Region of Myanmar. The western portion of the township includes Ngayokaung Subtownship and the southern portion of the township includes Hainggyikyun Subtownship, both unofficial divisions used by the Township for statistical and administrative ease. The small village of Kyounku within Hainggyikyun Subtownship is the birthplace of former President of Myanmar Thein Sein.

The township borders Pathein Township and Kangyidaunt Township to its north. To its east, it borders Myaungmya Township, Myaungmya District and Labutta Township, Labutta District. There are two subtownships, three towns, 9 wards, 83 village-tracts and 411 villages in Ngapudaw Township. The principal town of the township is Ngapudaw.
1929 Wimbledon Championships – Women's doubles
Peggy Michell and Phoebe Watson successfully defended their title, defeating Phyllis Covell and Dorothy Shepherd-Barron in the final, 6–4, 8–6 to win the ladies' doubles tennis title at the 1929 Wimbledon Championships.

Phyllis Covell
Phyllis Lindrea Covell (née Howkins. 22 May 1895 – 28 October 1982) was a female tennis player from Great Britain.

She is best remembered for her silver medal at the Paris Olympics of 1924 in the women's doubles event partnering with Kitty McKane. In 1923 she won the women's doubles title at the U.S. National Championships with McKane defeating the American pairing of Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman and Eleanor Goss in three sets. She was also a runner-up in the mixed doubles event at Wimbledon in 1921, partnering Max Woosnam. In 1924 she was part of the British Wightman Cup team who defeated the United States 6–1 at Wimbledon. Covell won both her singles matches against Helen Wills and Molla Mallory.
Psectrotanypus
Psectrotanypus is a genus of non-biting midges in the subfamily Tanypodinae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae. Psectrotanypus varius (Fabricius, 1787) is known to occur in very polluted waters with only few other accompanying species such as Chironomus plumosus.

Chironomidae
Chironomidae /ˌkaɪrəˈnɒmɪdiː/, commonly known as non-biting midges or chironomids /kaɪˈrɒnəmɪdz/, are a family of Nematoceran flies with a global distribution. They are closely related to the families Ceratopogonidae, Simuliidae, and Thaumaleidae. Although many chironomid species superficially resemble mosquitoes, they can be distinguished by the absence of the wing scales and elongated mouthparts characteristic of the Culicidae (true mosquitoes).

The name Chironomidae stems from the Ancient Greek word kheironómos, "a pantomimist".
Mandeer
Mandeer is a town and union council of Gujrat District, in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is part of Kharian Tehsil and located at 32°46'0N 73°50'0E with an altitude of 256 metres (843 feet).

The majority of the population belongs to the Jatt tribe. Until the late 1970s agriculture and army jobs were the main occupations for the people of the area. Agriculture is a forgotten profession nowadays. Small land holdings and insufficient irrigation sources have forced people to look for alternatives. From then on till mid-1990s Middle East was the favourite destination for the workers.  But now people from Mandeer are working and living in Europe, mainly Denmark, Norway, France and UK. 
This make Mandeer one of the richest village of Pakistan.
Many are well settled and living with their families in Europe and U.S.A.

Jats
The Jat people (Hindi: [dʒaːʈ], Punjabi: [dʒəʈː]), also spelt Jaat and Jatt, are a traditionally agricultural caste in Northern India and Pakistan. Originally pastoralists in the lower Indus river-valley of Sindh, many Jats migrated north into the Punjab region in late medieval times, and subsequently into the Delhi Territory, northeastern Rajputana, and the western Gangetic Plain in the 17th and 18th centuries. Of Hindu, Muslim and Sikh faiths, they are now found mostly in the Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan and the Pakistani regions of Sindh, Punjab and AJK.

By the 20th century, the landowning Jats became an influential group in several parts of North India, including Punjab, Western Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi. Over the years, several Jats abandoned agriculture in favour of urban jobs, and used their dominant economic and political status to claim higher social status.
Thomas Bedingfield (d. 1613)
Thomas Bedingfield (died 11 August 1613), gentleman pensioner to Elizabeth I of England, was an English translator. He was born probably at the family manor, Oxburgh Hall in King's Lynn, Norfolk, the second son of Sir Henry Bedingfield (d. 1583), and Katherine (d. 1581), the daughter of Sir Roger Townshend. Sir Henry had served as the constable of the Tower during the time Elizabeth was imprisoned there and at Woodstock Palace under Queen Mary.

King's Lynn
King's Lynn, known until 1537 as Bishop's Lynn and colloquially as Lynn, is a port and market town in the borough of King's Lynn and West Norfolk in the county of Norfolk, England. It is 36 miles (58 km) north-east of Peterborough, 44 miles (71 km) north-north-east of Cambridge, 44 miles (71 km) west of Norwich, and about 5 miles (8 km) inland from The Wash estuary.
Mike Kim (executive)
Michael Kim (Korean: 김준; born 1983) is a South Korean and American business executive. He is the founder and chairman of Korea Legacy Committee (KLC), a nonprofit organisation to fight homelessness and aging. He is the Head of Google for Startups APAC.

Google for Startups
Google for Startups (formerly known as Google for Entrepreneurs) is a startup program launched by Google in 2011. It consists of over 50 co-working spaces and accelerators in 125 countries, and provides hands-on lessons for aspiring entrepreneurs.

It partners with local startup communities as well as a network of co-working spaces popularly known as Google Campus (not to be confused with Googleplex) for tech startup entrepreneurs. It offers access to Google's devices as well as tools and workshops for the local tech community. Google has claimed that the startups in its Campuses have raised over $250 million and created more than 4600 new jobs.
Tung Shing
Tung Shing (Chinese: 通勝), also called the Yellow Calendar or the Imperial Calendar is a Chinese divination guide and almanac.  It consists primarily of a calendar based on the Chinese solar terms rather than the Chinese lunar-solar calendar.

Calendar
A calendar is a system of organizing days. This is done by giving names to periods of time, typically days, weeks, months and years. A date is the designation of a single and specific day within such a system. A calendar is also a physical record (often paper) of such a system. A calendar can also mean a list of planned events, such as a court calendar, or a partly or fully chronological list of documents, such as a calendar of wills.

Periods in a calendar (such as years and months) are usually, though not necessarily, synchronized with the cycle of the sun or the moon. The most common type of pre-modern calendar was the lunisolar calendar, a lunar calendar that occasionally adds one intercalary month to remain synchronized with the solar year over the long term.
Perrow
Perrow is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Perrow (1925–2019), American sociologist

E. C. Perrow (1880–1968), American professor of English

Mark Perrow (1965–2020), South African sprint canoer

Mosby Perrow Jr. (1909–1973), American lawyer and politician

Mark Perrow
Mark Perrow (13 November 1965 – 15 March 2020) was a South African canoe sprinter who competed in the early 1990s. At the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, he was eliminated in the semifinals of both the K-1 1000 m and the K-4 1000 m events. He won the Dusi Canoe Marathon in 1991 with Anthony Wald and then had numerous wins in both the single and double categories with Neil Evens, and Martin Dreyer. He had an illustrious canoeing career spanning from the late 1980s to the early 2000s, winning all major events in that era.

Perrow was killed in a plane crash in March 2020.
Allied Telesis
Allied Telesis Holdings K.K. (アライドテレシス, Araido Tereshisu), formerly Allied Telesyn, is a network infrastructure–telecommunications company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, with other branches in San Jose, California. The company was established in 1987 as a provider of Ethernet and IP access equipment along with IP triple play networks over copper and fiber access infrastructure.

Triple play (telecommunications)
In telecommunications, triple play refers to the provision of broadband internet, television, and telephony over a single connection. The concept highlights the supplier convergence of multiple services with the aim of improving convenience for users and streamlining service delivery.
Jackass Aeropark
Jackass Aeropark (FAA LID: U75) was a public-use airport located in Amargosa Valley, Nevada. It was named after Jackass Flats, Nevada, where wild jackasses once gathered to graze on the Nevada Test Site.

Jackass Flats
Jackass Flats is a shallow alluvial basin located in the southwest portion of the Nevada National Security Site in Nye County, Nevada, United States. The area lies east of Yucca Mountain, south of the Calico Hills and Shoshone Mountain and northwest of Skull Mountain. The valley drains to the southwest via the Tonopah and Fortymile washes into the Amargosa Valley across US Route 95 at the town of Amargosa Valley, Nevada. The "flat" covers an area of approximately 120 square miles (310 km2) and ranges in elevation from about 2,800 ft (850 m) just north of US 95 to 4,000 ft (1,200 m) at the mountain bases to the north and east.

It is located mostly within Area 25 and extends into Area 14 and Area 26.

It was the test site of nuclear-powered rocket engines during project Project Rover and NERVA.: 109