hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Selection principle
In mathematics, a selection principle is a rule asserting
the possibility of obtaining mathematically significant objects by 
selecting elements from given sequences of sets. The theory of selection principles
studies these principles and their relations to other mathematical properties.
Selection principles mainly describe covering properties, 
measure- and category-theoretic properties, and local properties in 
topological spaces, especially function spaces. Often, the 
characterization of a mathematical property using a selection 
principle is a nontrivial task leading to new insights on the 
characterized property.

Set (mathematics)
In mathematics, a set is a collection of different things; the things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects: numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, geometric shapes, variables, or other sets.  A set may be finite or infinite. There is a unique set with no elements, called the empty set; a set with a single element is a singleton.

Mathematics typically does not define precisely what constitutes a "set" or "collection", because such a definition would have to be in terms of something else previously defined.  Instead, sets serve as foundational objects whose behavior is described by axioms modeled on intuition about collections, and then essentially all other mathematical objects are rigorously defined in terms of sets.

Set theory studies possible axiom systems and their consequences.
Since the first half of the 20th century, ZFC (Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice) has been the axiom system most commonly used.
Giessenburg
Giessenburg (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɣisə(m)bʏr(ə)x]) is a town in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Molenlanden, and lies about 6 km west of Gorinchem.

Giessenburg was a separate municipality between 1957 and 1986. It was created in a merger of the municipalities Giessen-Nieuwkerk and Peursum.

In 2010, the town of Giessenburg had 4889 inhabitants. The built-up area of the town was 0.43 km², and contained 911 residences.
The statistical area "Giessenburg", which also can include the peripheral parts of the village, as well as the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 2900.

South Holland
South Holland (Dutch: Zuid-Holland [ˌzœyt ˈɦɔlɑnt] ⓘ) is a province of the Netherlands with a population of over 3.8 million as of January 2023 and a population density of about 1,410/km2 (3,700/sq mi), making it the country's most populous province and one of the world's most densely populated areas. Situated on the North Sea in the west of the Netherlands, South Holland covers an area of 3,308 km2 (1,277 sq mi), of which 609 km2 (235 sq mi) is water. It borders North Holland to the north, Utrecht and Gelderland to the east, and North Brabant and Zeeland to the south. The provincial capital is the Dutch seat of government The Hague, while its largest city is Rotterdam. The Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta drains through South Holland into the North Sea. Europe's busiest seaport, the Port of Rotterdam, is located in South Holland.
Tom Cunningham (hurler)
Tom Cunningham (6 April 1931 – 28 April 2022) was an Irish sportsperson.  He played hurling with his local club Dungarvan and was a member of the Waterford senior inter-county team in the 1950s and 1960s. Cunningham died on 28 April 2022, at the age of 91.

Dungarvan GAA
Dungarvan GAA is a GAA club based in Dungarvan, County Waterford, Ireland. The club participates in both hurling and Gaelic football. The club currently heads the roll of honour in the Waterford Senior Football Championship with a total of 19 wins.

The club attracted significant national attention in 2020 when a player competed in the final of the Waterford Intermediate Football Championship despite awaiting the result of a COVID-19 test, which returned a positive result. This led to Dungarvan (that year's competition-winning club) being stripped of the title.
Nicolet-Bécancour
Nicolet-Bécancour (French pronunciation: [nikɔlɛ(t) bekɑ̃kuʁ]) is a provincial electoral district in the Centre-du-Québec region of Quebec, Canada that elects members to the National Assembly of Quebec.  It notably includes the municipalities of Bécancour, Nicolet, Saint-Léonard-d'Aston, Daveluyville, Pierreville, Saint-François-du-Lac, Saint-Guillaume, Saint-Pierre-les-Becquets and Saint-Wenceslas.

It was created for the 2012 election from parts of the former Nicolet-Yamaska and Lotbinière electoral districts.

Saint-Wenceslas, Quebec
Saint-Wenceslas, Quebec is a municipality in Nicolet-Yamaska Regional County Municipality, Quebec, Canada. The town is situated at a bend in the Bécancour River. The northern branch of Autoroute 55 terminated at the 9e rang of Saint-Wenceslas until its completion in October 2006. Route 161 also goes through the town.

The village church in Saint-Wenceslas was designed by Jean-Baptiste Louis Bourgeois, a local architect who also designed a Bahá'í House of Worship in the town of Wilmette, United States.
House of Digadong
The House of Digadong was a noble family who became the de facto ruling family of the Bruneian Sultanate between 1807–1828 and was the co-ruling princely family of Sarawak alongside James Brooke. It was composed of the descendants of Muhammad Kanzul Alam. The dynasty was formally deposed in 1846.

They were an agnatic line which rose after the death of Sultan Muhammad Tajuddin and Muhammad Kanzul Alam temporarily deposing the House of Bolkiah. Later Muhammad Alam who would succeed Muhammad Kanzul Alam fought with Omar Ali Saifuddien II in the Bruneian Civil War of 1828. With them being deposed by the House of Bolkiah with the assassination of Muhammad Alam.

They would rose again in Sarawak supported by James Brooke and the British but were formally deposed after the assassination of Pengiran Muda Hashim and his family during the Anglo-Bruneian War.

Muhammad Kanzul Alam
Muhammad Kanzul Alam ibni Omar Ali Saifuddin I (died 1826) was the sultan of Brunei from 1807 until his death in 1826.

Kanzul Alam succeeded Muhammad Tajuddin as sultan of Brunei in 1807, but since he had broken a contract with his predecessor, his rule was marked by internal conflict. Even though Omar Ali Saifuddin II still possessed the royal regalia, his son Muhammad Alam felt entitled to the throne as he rose to prominence during his own rule. Perhaps as a result of Muhammad Alam's severe and autocratic actions, a civil war broke out between him and his followers after Kanzul Alam's death in 1826.
Atelopus sanjosei
Atelopus sanjosei is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae endemic to Colombia. It is only known from its type locality in Anorí, Antioquia Department, on the Cordillera Occidental.
Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forests near streams.
It is threatened by habitat loss, water pollution by mining and development for mining; it is a lowland species. It is considered rare and has not been sighted since 1988.

Toad
Toad (also known as a hoptoad) is a common name for certain frogs, especially of the family Bufonidae, that are characterized by dry, leathery skin, short legs, and large bumps covering the parotoid glands.

In popular culture (folk taxonomy), toads are distinguished from frogs by their drier, rougher skin and association with more terrestrial habitats. However, this distinction does not align precisely with scientific taxonomy.
If Not for You (George Jones song)
"If Not for You" is a song written by Jerry Chesnut and recorded by American country singer George Jones. It was released as a single on the Musicor label and reached No. 6 on the Billboard country singles chart in 1969. Like many of his biggest hits of the period, it is a love ballad. The song extols the virtues of a supportive lover. Chestnut also composed the Jones hit "A Good Year for the Roses".

George Jones
George Glenn Jones (September 12, 1931 – April 26, 2013) was an American country musician, singer, and songwriter. He achieved international fame for a long list of hit records, and is well known for his distinctive voice and phrasing. For the last two decades of his life, Jones is frequently referred to as "the greatest country singer", "The Rolls-Royce of Country Music", and had more than 160 chart singles to his name from 1955 until his death in 2013.

Jones served in the United States Marine Corps and was discharged in 1953. In 1959, Jones recorded "White Lightning", written by The Big Bopper, which launched his career as a singer. Years of alcoholism severely compromised his health and led to his missing many performances, earning him the nickname "No Show Jones". Jones died in 2013, aged 81, from hypoxic respiratory failure.
Rockman EXE Phantom of Network
Rockman EXE Phantom of Network (ロックマン エグゼ ファントム オブ ネットワーク, Rokkuman Eguze Fantomu obu Nettowāku) is a 2004 video game in the Mega Man Battle Network series for mobile phones developed by Capcom. The game was only released and made available in Japan. It is most well known for featuring five original characters that did not appear in any other video games: the magician Mr. Hat (Mr.ハット, Misutā Hatto) with his NetNavi HatMan (ハットマン, Hattoman) and son Shuichi Ubochi (烏星 修一, Ubochi Shuichi), as well as the NetNavis JammingMan (ジャミングマン, Jaminguman) and Cache. All of these characters, however, appeared in the Rockman EXE anime series. The game was followed by a 2006 Japan-exclusive sequel for mobile phones entitled Rockman EXE Legend of Network.

As of January 1, 2018, Phantom of Network, along with Legend of Network, has been taken offline and is no longer available for purchase.

Capcom
Capcom Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 株式会社カプコン, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Kapukon) is a Japanese video game company. It has created a number of critically acclaimed and multi-million-selling game franchises, with its most commercially successful being Resident Evil, Monster Hunter, Street Fighter, Mega Man, Devil May Cry,  Dead Rising, Ace Attorney, Dragon's Dogma, and Marvel vs. Capcom. Established in 1979, it has become an international enterprise with subsidiaries in East Asia (Hong Kong), Europe (London, England), and North America (San Francisco, California).
All That I Got Is You
"All That I Got Is You" is the solo debut single by Wu-Tang Clan rapper Ghostface Killah, released as the lead single from his solo debut album Ironman.  The song features R&B singer Mary J. Blige and an outro which has Popa Wu giving teachings. It contains a sample of "Maybe Tomorrow" by The Jackson 5 as well as audio clips from the cult film The Education of Sonny Carson.

Ghostface wrote the song as a tribute to his mother, with lyrics that both depict the harsh life the two struggled through together during his childhood and praise her ability to raise him even in their downtrodden state. About.com ranked it #87 on their list of the Top 100 Rap Songs. Ghostface added the song to his greatest hits album Shaolin's Finest and on the compilation album The RZA Hits.

People Inc.
People Inc. (formerly The Mining Company, About.com, Dotdash and Dotdash Meredith) is an American digital media company based in New York City. It publishes online articles and videos about various subjects across categories including health, home, food, finance, tech, beauty, lifestyle, travel, and education.
Haplometra cylindracea
Haplometra cylindracea is a trematode parasite of frogs. Adult worms measure usually 10 mm and they are located in the lungs. H. cylindracea develops through 2 intermediate hosts: the first, a freshwater snail, the second, a  water beetle.

Trematoda
Trematoda is a class of flatworms known as trematodes, and commonly as flukes. They are obligate internal parasites with a complex life cycle requiring at least two hosts. The intermediate host, in which asexual reproduction occurs, is a mollusk, usually a snail. The definitive host, where the flukes sexually reproduce, is a vertebrate. Infection by trematodes can cause disease in all five vertebrate groups: mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fish.
Lauren Kennedy
Lauren Kennedy (born September 3, 1973) is an American actress and singer who has performed numerous times on Broadway.  She is now the producing artistic director of Theatre Raleigh in her home state of North Carolina.

Marlton, New Jersey
Marlton is a census-designated place (CDP) located within Evesham Township in Burlington County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the CDP had a population of 10,594 residents, reflecting a 4.5% increase from the 10,133 enumerated at the 2010 U.S. census, in turn a 1.2% decrease from the 10,260 counted in the 2000 census.

While Marlton comprises only a small part of Evesham Township, many people colloquially refer to the entire township as Marlton.
Sperner's theorem
Sperner's theorem, in discrete mathematics, describes the largest possible families of finite sets none of which contain any other sets in the family. It is one of the central results in extremal set theory.  It is named after Emanuel Sperner, who published it in 1928.

This result is sometimes called Sperner's lemma, but the name "Sperner's lemma" also refers to an unrelated result on coloring triangulations.  To differentiate the two results, the result on the size of a Sperner family is now more commonly known as Sperner's theorem.

Sperner's lemma
In mathematics, Sperner's lemma is a combinatorial result on colorings of triangulations, analogous to the Brouwer fixed point theorem, which is equivalent to it. It states that every Sperner coloring (described below) of a triangulation of an -dimensional simplex contains a cell whose vertices all have different colors.

The initial result of this kind was proved by Emanuel Sperner, in relation with proofs of invariance of domain.  Sperner colorings have been used for effective computation of fixed points and in root-finding algorithms, and are applied in fair division (cake cutting) algorithms.

According to the Soviet Mathematical Encyclopaedia (ed. I.M. Vinogradov), a related 1929 theorem (of Knaster, Borsuk and Mazurkiewicz) had also become known as the Sperner lemma – this point is discussed in the English translation (ed. M. Hazewinkel). It is now commonly known as the Knaster–Kuratowski–Mazurkiewicz lemma.
1998–99 Premiership 2
The 1998-99 Premiership 2 was the twelfth full season of rugby union within the second tier of the English league system, currently known as the RFU Championship.  The league was expanded from twelve teams to fourteen and new teams to the division included Bristol who had been relegated from Premiership 1 while London Welsh, Rugby Lions, Leeds Tykes and Worcester were promoted from National League 1. Allied Dunbar sponsored the top two divisions of the English rugby union leagues for the second season in a row. The leagues were previously known as the Courage Clubs Championship and sponsored by Courage Brewery.

Bristol, the champions, were promoted to the Allied Dunbar Premiership for season 1999–00. The runners–up Rotherham lost to the thirteenth placed team in the Premiership (Bedford) in a two legged play–off and did not gain promotion. Blackheath and Fylde were relegated to Jewson National League 1 for the following season.

Rugby Lions
52°22′12″N 1°16′40″W﻿ / ﻿52.370042°N 1.277896°W﻿ / 52.370042; -1.277896

The Rugby Football Club, playing as Rugby Lions RFC and nicknamed The Lions, is an English rugby union club based in Rugby, Warwickshire. The club plays its home matches at Webb Ellis Road. Its developmental squad is known as the Crusaders. The club also has a ladies team known as the Lionesses.  It currently competes in Counties 3 Midlands East (South) at the ninth tier of the English rugby union system, having been readmitted to the league pyramid from at the start of the 2022–23 season.
Carrine Common & Penwethers
50°15′05″N 5°05′22″W﻿ / ﻿50.2514°N 5.0894°W﻿ / 50.2514; -5.0894

Carrine Common & Penwethers is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in Cornwall, England, UK, noted for its biological characteristics. The 46-hectare (110-acre) site is located at the settlement of Penweathers, within the civil parish of Kea, half a mile south of the city of Truro.

'Carrine Common' is also designated a Special Area of Conservation.

Special Area of Conservation
A special area of conservation (SAC) is defined in the European Union's Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC), also known as the Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora. They are to protect the 220 habitats and approximately 1,000 species listed in annex I and II of the directive which are considered to be of European interest following criteria given in the directive. They must be chosen from the sites of Community importance by the member states and designated SAC by an act assuring the conservation measures of the natural habitat.

SACs complement special protection areas and together form a network of protected sites across the European Union called Natura 2000.  This, in turn, is part of the Emerald network of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) under the Berne Convention.
Piloporia
Piloporia is a genus of two species of poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Finnish mycologist Tuomo Niemelä in 1982, with P. sajanensis as the type species. The Indian species P. indica was added to the genus in 1988. P. sajanensis is found in Asia and Europe. In Asia, it is usually recorded on spruce, fir, and larch, while in Europe it is commonly found on spruce, but also on pine. Piloporia species cause a white rot in conifers and hardwoods.

Larch
Larches are deciduous conifers in the genus Larix, of the family Pinaceae. Growing to as much as 60 m (195 ft) tall, they are native to the cooler regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They grow in lowland forests in the far north, and high in mountains further south. Larches are among the dominant plants in the boreal forests of Siberia and Canada, making them the most abundant genus of trees on earth. Larch wood is tough and relatively durable; it is used in boatbuilding, cladding, decking, garden furniture, fencing, and construction. Products extracted from larch include arabinogalactan, rosin, turpentine, and an essential oil.
Ballaspur
Ballaspur (Manx: farm of the spur, Rock Farm) is situated between the 7th and 8th Milestone road-side markers on the Snaefell Mountain Course used for the Isle of Man TT races on the A3 Castletown to Ramsey road in the parish of German in the Isle of Man.

Ballaspur has become known for the spectacular crash of Manxman Richard 'Milky' Quayle in 2003 who caught the roadside to the left, impacting heavily to the right after losing control at high speed.

Ballaspur was part of the Highland Course and Four Inch Course used for the Gordon Bennett Trial and Tourist Trophy car races held between 1904 and 1922. It was part of the St. John's Short Course used between 1907 and 1910 and part of the Snaefell Mountain Course used since 1911 for the TT races and 1923 for the Manx Grand Prix.

The surrounding areas are mainly farmland with nearby summits of Beary Mountain at 1,020 feet (311 m), Greeba Mountain at 1,385 feet (422 m) and Slieau Whallian at 1,093 feet (333 m).

Four Inch Course
The Four Inch Course was a road-racing circuit first used for the 1908 Tourist Trophy Race for cars, held on public roads closed for racing by an Act of Tynwald (the parliament of the Isle of Man). The name of the course derives from the regulations for the 1908 Tourist Trophy adopted by the Royal Automobile Club, which limited the competitors' engines to a cylinder-diameter of four inches. The Four-Inch Course was adopted by the Auto-Cycle Club for the 1911 Isle of Man TT Races. The Four-Inch Course was subsequently known as the Snaefell Mountain Course or Mountain Course when used for motor-cycle racing.
Gramophone Company
The Gramophone Company Limited was a British phonograph manufacturer and record label, founded in April 1898 by Emil Berliner. It was one of the earliest record labels.

The company purchased the His Master's Voice painting and trademark rights in 1899, using its artwork and creating the His Master's Voice sub-label for its phonographs and releases in 1909, replacing its previous "Recording Angel" trademark. The company had an affiliation with the American Victor Talking Machine Company, who also began using the artwork.

In 1931, The Gramophone Company partnered with the Columbia Graphophone Company to form Electric and Musical Industries Limited (EMI). The Gramophone Company continued as one of EMI's music labels until 1973, when its legal entity was renamed to EMI Records Limited. The His Master's Voice label continued until 1993, when it was replaced by EMI Classics.

His Master's Voice
His Master's Voice is an entertainment trademark featuring a dog named Nipper, curiously peering into the horn of a wind-up gramophone. Painted by Francis Barraud in 1898, the image has since become a symbol used internationally across consumer electronics, record labels, and entertainment retail.

The original His Master's Voice painting, alongside a number of duplicates painted by Barraud, are owned by the EMI Archive Trust, based in Hayes, London.
Hydroxycinnamate 4-beta-glucosyltransferase
In enzymology, a hydroxycinnamate 4-beta-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.126) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

UDP-glucose + trans-4-hydroxycinnamate  UDP + 4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-4-hydroxycinnamate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are UDP-glucose and trans-4-hydroxycinnamate (p-coumaric acid), whereas its two products are UDP and 4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-4-hydroxycinnamate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the hexosyltransferases.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-glucose:trans-4-hydroxycinnamate 4-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase. Other names in common use include uridine diphosphoglucose-hydroxycinnamate glucosyltransferase, UDP-glucose-hydroxycinnamate glucosyltransferase, and hydroxycinnamoyl glucosyltransferase.

P-Coumaric acid
p-Coumaric acid is an organic compound with the formula HOC6H4CH=CHCO2H. It is one of the three isomers of coumaric acid. It is a white solid that is only slightly soluble in water but very soluble in ethanol and diethyl ether.
Serpentine leaf miner
The serpentine leaf miner is the larva of a fly, Liriomyza brassicae, in the family Agromyzidae, the leaf miner flies. It mines wild and cultivated plants, such as cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower and Chinese broccoli.

It is distributed in the Pacific, Africa, and the Americas.

The life cycle of the fly is up to 21 days. It lays eggs in the leaf epidermis of host plants. Larvae hatch within four days. They are yellow or green and have three instars. It emerges from the pupa as an adult, a gray fly with black and yellow spots.

The American serpentine leafminer (Liriomyza trifolii) is a closely related species, and Liriomyza huidobrensis is also known as the serpentine leafminer. Another member of the genus, Liriomyza commelinae occurs widely in the neotropics and pupates within the mine. It feeds mainly on plants within the genus Commelina.

Gai lan
Gai lan, kai-lan, Chinese broccoli, or Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra) is a leafy vegetable with thick, flat, glossy blue-green leaves with thick stems, and florets similar to (but much smaller than) broccoli. A Brassica oleracea cultivar, gai lan is in the group alboglabra (from Latin albus "white" and glabrus "hairless"). When gone to flower, its white blossoms resemble that of its cousin Matthiola incana or hoary stock. The flavor is very similar to that of broccoli, but noticeably stronger and slightly more bitter.