hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cornelius Tiebout
Cornelius Tiebout (1773?-1832) was an American copperplate engraver. According to the Library of Congress and many followers, Tiebout was born about 1773. If so, his earliest known engraving was published while he was about fifteen years old.

Thomas Say
Thomas Say (June 27, 1787 – October 10, 1834) was an American entomologist, conchologist, and herpetologist. His studies of insects and shells, numerous contributions to scientific journals, and scientific expeditions to Florida, Georgia, the Rocky Mountains, Mexico, and elsewhere made him an internationally known naturalist. Say has been called the father of American descriptive entomology and American conchology. He served as librarian for the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, curator at the American Philosophical Society (elected in 1817), and professor of natural history at the University of Pennsylvania.
Muhammad Mandur
Muhammad Mandur (1907–1965) was an Egyptian literary critic. His criticism evolved to place an increasing emphasis on social engagement. As well as his own work, Mandur translated work by Georges Duhamel, Alfred de Musset, Flaubert and others from French to Arabic.

Alfred de Musset
Alfred Louis Charles de Musset-Pathay (French: [alfʁɛd də mysɛ]; 11 December 1810 – 2 May 1857) was a French dramatist, poet, and novelist. Along with his poetry, he is known for writing the autobiographical novel La Confession d'un enfant du siècle (The Confession of a Child of the Century).
Deaths in September 2006
The following is a list of notable deaths in September 2006.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Anna Nicole Smith
Vickie Lynn Marshall (née Hogan; November 28, 1967 – February 8, 2007), known professionally as Anna Nicole Smith, was an American model, actress and television personality. Smith started her career as a Playboy magazine centerfold in May 1992 and won the title of 1993 Playmate of the Year. She later modeled for clothing companies, including Guess, H&M and Heatherette.

Smith dropped out of high school in 1984, married in 1985, and divorced in 1993. In 1994, her highly publicized second marriage to 89-year-old billionaire J. Howard Marshall resulted in speculation that she was a gold digger, which she denied. Following Marshall's death in 1995, Smith began a lengthy legal battle over a share of his estate. Her cases reached the Supreme Court of the United States: Marshall v. Marshall on a question of federal jurisdiction and Stern v. Marshall on a question of bankruptcy court authority. Smith died on February 8, 2007, in Hollywood, Florida, of a combined drug intoxication.
Lonely Christmas (Bryson Tiller song)
"Lonely Christmas" (stylized as lonely christmas), is a song by American singer Bryson Tiller featuring Canadian singer Justin Bieber and fellow American singer Poo Bear, who produced it with the Audibles and Sasha Sirota. It was released through RCA Records on November 19, 2021, as the lead single from Tiller's debut extended play, A Different Christmas.

The Audibles
The Audibles is an American pop and hip hop production duo from Las Vegas, Nevada, consisting of  Dominic "DJ Mecca" Jordan and Jimmy "Jimmy G" Giannos. They originally met in 2007 at the “Lost in Love” music video shoot for Polow Da Don artists I-15 at the Palms Casino in Paradise, Nevada. They coined their name The Audibles from its root definition “to be heard” and “to change the game,” as seen by quarterbacks in football. JR Castro and Das offered an opportunity for the two to move to Atlanta and develop their art further under producer Polow Da Don.

They have produced songs for artists like Keyshia Cole, Chris Brown, YMCMB, Fabolous and Usher. More recent work includes songs for Justin Bieber, Kanye West, Trey Songz, Drake, and Rihanna.
Natural Disaster (album)
Natural Disaster is the solo debut album by Bethany Cosentino, best known as one half of the Los Angeles rock duo Best Coast. It was released on July 28, 2023, by Concord Records. The album announcement came the same day that Cosentino confirmed she was putting Best Coast on indefinite hiatus as she focused on her solo career. The album was mainly produced by Butch Walker, except for the closing track which was produced by Davis Naish.

Sarah Buxton
Sarah Jane Buxton (born July 3, 1980) is an American country music singer formerly signed to the independent Lyric Street Records. Between 2006 and 2008, she issued three singles from an extended play titled Almost My Record, in addition to co-writing her song "Stupid Boy", which was later recorded by Keith Urban.  She released her self-titled debut album in early 2010, led off by the Top 25 single "Outside My Window," shortly before Lyric Street Records closed.
Chapman Glacier (Palmer Land)
Chapman Glacier (70°17′S 67°55′W﻿ / ﻿70.283°S 67.917°W﻿ / -70.283; -67.917) is a glacier 11 miles (18 km) long and 10 miles (16 km) wide in its central part, narrowing to 3 miles (5 km) at its mouth, flowing west from the Dyer Plateau of Palmer Land to George VI Sound immediately south of Carse Point. It was first surveyed in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) under John Rymill, and named by the UK Antarctic Place-names Committee in 1954 for Frederick S. Chapman, British mountaineer and Arctic explorer, who in 1934 brought 64 dogs from West Greenland to England for the use of the BGLE, 1934–37.

Palmer Land
Palmer Land (71°30′S 065°00′W﻿ / ﻿71.500°S 65.000°W﻿ / -71.500; -65.000) is the portion of the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica that lies south of a line joining Cape Jeremy and Cape Agassiz. This application of Palmer Land is consistent with the 1964 agreement between the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names and the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee, in which the name Antarctic Peninsula was approved for the major peninsula of Antarctica, and the names Graham Land and Palmer Land for the northern and southern portions, respectively.  The line dividing them is roughly 69° S.
Haapsalu-Noarootsi Wetland Complex
Haapsalu-Noarootsi Wetland Complex (Estonian: Haapsalu-Noarootsi märgala) is a wetland complex in Lääne County, Estonia. Since 2011, this complex belongs to Ramsar sites.

The area of the complex is 27,450 ha.
It also includes Osmussaar Landscape Conservation Area.
This complex is important wintering, staging, moulting and breeding site for 225 different bird species.

Ramsar site
A Ramsar site is a wetland site designated to be of international importance under the Ramsar Convention, also known as "The Convention on Wetlands",  an international environmental treaty signed on 2 February 1971 in Ramsar, Iran, under the auspices of UNESCO. It came into force on 21 December 1975, when it was ratified by a sufficient number of nations. It provides for national action and international cooperation regarding the conservation of wetlands, and wise sustainable use of their resources. Ramsar treaty participants meet regularly to identify and agree to protect "Wetlands of International Importance", especially those providing waterfowl habitat.

As of January 2026, there are 2,520 Ramsar sites around the world, which protect 253,075,668 hectares (625,363,590 acres), and 172 national governments participate in the convention.
Patrice Rushen
Patrice Louise Rushen (born September 30, 1954) is an American jazz pianist, R&B singer, record producer, multi-instrumentalist, songwriter, and music director.

At the 25th Annual Grammy Awards, her 1982 single, "Forget Me Nots", received a nomination for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance, while her instrumental song, "Number One" was nominated Best R&B Instrumental; both songs were from her seventh studio album, Straight from the Heart (1982).

Since 2008, Rushen has served as an ambassador for artistry in education at the Berklee College of Music, and the chair of the popular music program at the USC Thornton School of Music from 2014 to 2024.

Mike Clark (drummer)
Michael Jeffrey Clark (born October 3, 1946) is an American drummer. He gained worldwide recognition as one of America's foremost jazz and funk drummers while playing with Herbie Hancock in the early 1970s. His incisive playing on Hancock's song "Actual Proof", on the 1974 album Thrust, garnered him an international cult following and influenced generations of drummers throughout the world.
Tomtor, Oymyakonsky District, Sakha Republic
Tomtor (Russian: Томтор; Yakut: Томтор) is a rural locality (a selo), the administrative centre of, and one of four settlements in addition to Aeroport, Agayakan and Kuydusun in Borogonsky Second Rural Okrug of Oymyakonsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It is located 570 kilometers (350 mi) from Ust-Nera, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2002 census was 1,256.

Ust-Nera
Ust-Nera (Russian: Усть-Нера; Yakut: Уус Ньара, romanized: Uus Ņara) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Oymyakonsky District in Yakutia, Russia. Located in one of the coldest permanently inhabited regions on Earth, Ust-Nera is approximately 870 kilometers (540 mi) northeast of the republic's capital, Yakutsk. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 6,463.

From 1949 to 1957 a branch of the Indigir camp was located near Ust-Nera. In 2001 a monument was erected in memory of its prisoners.
Timothy Bates
Timothy C. Bates (born 1963) is a professor of differential psychology at the University of Edinburgh. His research interests include the genetics of reading and spelling, intelligence, and personality.

Intelligence
Intelligence (/ˌɪntɛlɪˈdʒəns/) has been defined in many ways: the capacity for abstraction, logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving. It can be described as the ability to perceive or infer information and to retain it as knowledge to be applied to adaptive behaviors within an environment or context.

The term rose to prominence during the early 1900s. Most psychologists believe that intelligence can be divided into various domains or competencies.

Intelligence has been long-studied in humans, and across numerous disciplines. It has also been observed in the cognition of non-human animals. Some researchers have suggested that plants exhibit forms of intelligence, though this remains controversial.
Anton Führer
Anton Führer (30 September 1854 – 20 July 1929). was a German classicist who specialised in the language of Boeotia in Ancient Greece. He completed his dissertation De dialecto Boeotica at the University of Göttingen in 1876.  As noted by Harry Falk (Indologist), he is not to be confused with Alois Anton Führer, the Indologist who studied Sanskrit at the University of Würzburg and had a controversial career in India. 
He was named an honorary citizen of the city of Rheine, and wrote a book about the city's history.

Boeotia
Boeotia (/biˈoʊʃ(i)ə/ bee-OH-sh(ee-)ə; Greek: Βοιωτία, pronounced [vi.oˈti.a]; Ancient Greek: Βοιωτῐ́ᾱ, romanized: Boiōtĭ́ā) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Central Greece. Its capital is Livadeia, and its largest city is Thebes.

Boeotia was also a region of ancient Greece, from before the 6th century BC.
Arshunah
Arshuneh (Arabic: عرشونة)  is a Syrian village located in Barri Sharqi Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Arshuneh had a population of 865 in the 2004 census.

Barri Sharqi Subdistrict
Barri Sharqi Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية بري شرقي)  is a Syrian nahiyah (Subdistrict) located in Salamiyah District in Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Barri Sharqi Subdistrict had a population of 13,767 in the 2004 census.
Hilbert–Samuel function
In commutative algebra the Hilbert–Samuel function, named after David Hilbert and Pierre Samuel, of a nonzero finitely generated module  over a commutative Noetherian local ring  and a primary ideal  of  is the map  such that, for all ,

where  denotes the length over . It is related to the Hilbert function of the associated graded module  by the identity

For sufficiently large , it coincides with a polynomial function of degree equal to , often called the Hilbert-Samuel polynomial (or Hilbert polynomial).

Pierre Samuel
Pierre Samuel (12 September 1921 – 23 August 2009) was a French mathematician, known for his work in commutative algebra and its applications to algebraic geometry. The two-volume work Commutative Algebra that he wrote with Oscar Zariski is a classic. Other books of his covered projective geometry and algebraic number theory.
2022 Calgary National Bank Challenger
The 2022 Calgary National Bank Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the third edition of the tournament which was part of the 2022 ATP Challenger Tour and the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2022 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Calgary, Canada between 7 and 13 November 2022.

Maximilian Neuchrist
Maximilian Neuchrist (born 22 July 1991) is an Austrian professional tennis player who competes on the ATP Challenger and ITF Futures tour level. Neuchrist has a career high ATP singles ranking of world No. 182 achieved on 17 April 2023 and a career high doubles ranking of world No. 135 achieved on 3 March 2014.
William B. Finneran
William B. Finneran (February 14, 1936 – November 30, 2014) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from the 89th district from 1977 to 1982.

He died of lung cancer on November 30, 2014, in Clifton Park, New York at age 78.

Clifton Park, New York
Clifton Park is a suburban town in Saratoga County, New York, United States. It is the largest municipality in the county, with a 2020 population of 38,029, according to the 2020 census. As such, it is the largest municipality in New York state east of Syracuse and north of Schenectady. The town's name is derived from an early land patent. The town is in the southern part of Saratoga County, approximately 12 miles (19 km) north of Albany, 7 miles (11 km) northeast of Schenectady, and 10 miles (16 km) south of Saratoga Springs.
Parthenocarpy
In botany and horticulture, parthenocarpy is the natural or artificially induced production of fruit without fertilisation of ovules, which makes the fruit seedless. The phenomenon has been observed since ancient times but was first scientifically described by German botanist Fritz Noll in 1902.

Parthenocarpy (or stenospermocarpy) occasionally occurs as a mutation in nature; if it affects every flower, the plant can no longer sexually reproduce but might be able to propagate by apomixis or by vegetative means. Examples of this include many citrus varieties that undergo nucellar embryony for reproduction, instead of solely sexual reproduction, and can yield seedless fruits.

Stenospermocarpy may also produce apparently seedless fruit, such as "seedless watermelon", but the seeds in stenospermocarpy are actually aborted while they are still small.

Horticulture industry
The horticulture industry embraces the production, processing and shipping of and the market for fruits and vegetables. As such it is a sector of agribusiness and industrialized agriculture. Industrialized horticulture sometimes also includes the floriculture industry and production and trade of ornamental plants.

Among the most important fruits are:

bananas

Semi-tropical fruits like lychee, guava or tamarillo

Citrus fruits

soft fruits (berries)

apples

stone fruits

Important vegetables include:

Potatoes

Sweet potatoes

Tomatoes

Onions and

Cabbage

In 2013 global fruit production was estimated at 676.9 million tonnes (666,200,000 long tons; 746,200,000 short tons). Global vegetable production (including melons) was estimated at 879.2 million tonnes (865,300,000 long tons; 969,200,000 short tons) with China and India being the two top producing countries.
Paul Andrews (scientist)
Paul L. R. Andrews (born 1953) is a British physiologist whose basic research on the mechanisms of action and efficacy of antiemetic substances contributed to development of treatments for anti-cancer chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

He also conducted research on the comparative neurophysiology of fish and octopus, partly undertaken in collaboration with J. Z. Young.

He received the Pfizer Academic Award in 1989 for "studies which have furthered our understanding of the nervous control of gut function".

St George's, University of London
St George's, University of London (SGUL), legally the St George's Hospital Medical School, was a public university and medical school in South London, England. It was established in 1834 as part of St George's Hospital, which has its origins in 1733 and began formal registration of trainee doctors in 1751. St George's has been affiliated with the University of London since 1838. In 2024, the university merged with City, University of London to form City St George's, University of London.

St George's is closely affiliated to St George's Hospital and is one of the United Hospitals.
Baháʼí Faith in South America
The Baháʼí Faith was introduced to South America in 1919. There are Baháʼí Houses of Worship in Chile and Colombia, completed in 2016 and 2018 respectively. The Ruhi Institute, whose courses are now used by Baháʼís around the world, was originally created by the Colombian Baháʼí community.

World Christian Encyclopedia
World Christian Encyclopedia is a reference work, with its third edition published by Edinburgh University Press in November 2019. The WCE is known for providing membership statistics for major world religions and Christian denominations including historical data and projections of future populations.

The data incorporated into the World Christian Encyclopedia have been made available online at the World Christian Database (WCD).
Ashi-Hishigi
Ashi-Hishigi also called an Achilles lock or simply an ankle lock, is a technique described in both The Canon Of Judo by Kyuzo Mifune and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Theory and Technique by Renzo Gracie and Royler Gracie as well as demonstrated in the video, The Essence Of Judo. It is classified as a joint lock (Kansetsu-waza), and is not a recognized technique of the Kodokan. However, it is a commonly used technique in both Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu tournaments and Mixed martial arts competition.

Royler Gracie
Royler Gracie (born December 6, 1965) is a Brazilian-American retired mixed martial artist and Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioner. Gracie ran the Gracie Humaitá school in Rio de Janeiro for many years under his father Helio's direction, and lives  and teaches in San Diego, California. Considered a legend of jiu jitsu and submission wrestling, Gracie is a member of both the IBJJF Hall of Fame, and the ADCC Hall of Fame.
GPCR neuropeptide receptor
GPCR neuropeptide receptors are G-protein coupled receptors which bind various neuropeptides.  Members include:

Neuropeptide B/W receptor
NPBWR1
NPBWR2

Neuropeptide FF receptor
NPFFR1
NPFFR2

Neuropeptide S receptor
NPSR1

Neuropeptide Y receptor
Y1 - NPY1R
Y2 - NPY2R
Y4 - PPYR1
Y5 - NPY5R

Neuropeptide
Neuropeptides are chemical messengers made up of small chains of amino acids that are synthesized and released by neurons. Neuropeptides typically bind to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to modulate neural activity and other tissues like the gut, muscles, and heart.

Neuropeptides are synthesized from large precursor proteins which are cleaved and post-translationally processed then packaged into large dense core vesicles. Neuropeptides are often co-released with other neuropeptides and neurotransmitters in a single neuron, yielding a multitude of effects. Once released, neuropeptides can diffuse widely to affect a broad range of targets.

Neuropeptides are extremely ancient and highly diverse chemical messengers. Placozoans such as Trichoplax, extremely basal animals which do not possess neurons, use peptides for cell-to-cell communication in a way similar to the neuropeptides of higher animals.
2015 Eskişehir Cup – Singles
David Goffin was the defending champion, but chose not to participate, since he played at French Open during that week.

Paolo Lorenzi won the tournament, defeating Íñigo Cervantes in the final. Lorenzi's quarterfinal match was his 300th win on the ATP Challenger Tour.

Paolo Lorenzi
Paolo Lorenzi (Italian pronunciation: [ˈpaːolo loˈrɛntsi]; born 15 December 1981) is an Italian former professional tennis player and former Italian number 1. He was coached by Claudio Galoppini. At the age of 34 years and seven months, Lorenzi became the oldest first-time champion in ATP history when he won the title at the 2016 Generali Open Kitzbühel.
Chenpi
Chenpi, chen pi, or chimpi is sun-dried mandarin orange peel used as a traditional seasoning in Chinese cooking and traditional medicine. It is aged by storing the peels dry. The taste is first slightly sweet, but the aftertaste is pungent and bitter. According to Chinese herbology, its attribute is warm. Chenpi has a common name, 'ju pi' or mandarin orange peel.

Chenpi contains volatile oils which include the chemical compounds nobiletin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, tangeretin, citromitin, synephrine, carotene, cryptoxanthin, inositol, vitamin B1, and vitamin C. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine uses the alcohol extracts of several citrus peels, including those extracted from mandarin orange and bitter orange.

Hesperidin
Hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside found in citrus fruits. Its aglycone is hesperetin. Its name is derived from the word "hesperidium", for fruit produced by citrus trees.

Hesperidin was first isolated in 1828 by French chemist M. Lebreton from the white inner layer of citrus peels (mesocarp, albedo).

Hesperidin is believed to play a role in plant defense.
Flocculus
The flocculus (Latin: tuft of wool, diminutive) is a small lobe of the cerebellum at the posterior border of the middle cerebellar peduncle anterior to the biventer lobule. Like other parts of the cerebellum, the flocculus is involved in motor control. It is an essential part of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, and aids in the learning of basic motor skills in the brain.

It is associated with the nodulus of the vermis; together, these two structures compose the vestibular part of the cerebellum.

At its base, the flocculus receives input from the inner ear's vestibular system and regulates balance. Many floccular projections connect to the motor nuclei involved in control of eye movement.

Pontine nuclei
The pontine nuclei (or griseum pontis) are all the neurons of the ventral pons. Corticopontine fibres project from the primary motor cortex to the ipsilateral pontine nucleus; pontocerebellar fibers then relay the information to the contralateral cerebellum via the middle cerebellar peduncle.

They are involved in motor function: the pontine nuclei are involved in adjusting movements according to their outcome (movement error correction), and are therefore important in learning motor skills.
Cobequid fault
The Cobequid Fault is a fault that is the  extension of the Chedabucto Fault. This fault runs from Truro to Cape Chignecto south of the Cobequid Hills. Both the Cobequid fault and the Chedabucto Fault form the Minas Fault zone splitting Nova Scotia into the Avalon Zone and the Meguma Zone. Movement on the Cobequid Fault started before 400 million years ago and end around 40 million years ago. Between that time around 350 million years violent volcanic  eruptions at Spicers Cove north Cape Chignecto Provincial Park and 50 million years after grey sandstone rich in fossil plants were deposited. At Five Islands Provincial Park there are red rocks formed by the large accumulation of mud, sand and gravel around 210 million years ago.

Truro, Nova Scotia
Truro is a town in central Nova Scotia, Canada. Truro is the shire town of Colchester County and is located on the south side of the Salmon River floodplain, close to the river's mouth at the eastern end of Cobequid Bay.