hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Panaetius
Panaetius (/pəˈniːʃiəs/; Ancient Greek: Παναίτιος, romanized: Panaítios; c. 185 – c. 110/109 BC) of Rhodes was an ancient Greek Stoic philosopher. He was a pupil of Diogenes of Babylon and Antipater of Tarsus in Athens, before moving to Rome where he did much to introduce Stoic doctrines to the city, thanks to the patronage of Scipio Aemilianus. After the death of Scipio in 129 BC, he returned to the Stoic school in Athens, and was its last undisputed scholarch. With Panaetius, Stoicism became much more eclectic. His most famous work was his On Duties, the principal source used by Cicero in his own work of the same name.

Scholarch
A scholarch (Ancient Greek: σχολάρχης, scholarchēs) was the head of a school in ancient Greece. The term is especially remembered for its use to mean the heads of schools of philosophy, such as the Platonic Academy in ancient Athens. Its first scholarch was Plato himself, the founder and proprietor. He held the position for forty years, appointing his nephew Speusippus as his successor. The members of the Academy elected later scholarchs.

A list of scholarchs of the four main philosophy schools during the Hellenistic period, with the approximate dates they headed the schools, is as follows:
Grant Township, Keweenaw County, Michigan
Grant Township is a civil township of Keweenaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 275 at the 2020 census. Grant Township is one of the most isolated municipalities in Michigan, as it forms the tip of the Keweenaw Peninsula, which projects into Lake Superior.

Lake Fanny Hooe
Lake Fanny Hooe is a 227-acre (92 ha) lake in Keweenaw County, Michigan. The Garden Brook connects Lake Fanny Hooe to Lake Superior, 800 feet (240 m) to the north. The community of Copper Harbor lies to the north west side of the lake. Home to a U.S. Army fort built in 1844, Fort Wilkins Historic State Park is also situated between Lake Fanny Hooe and Lake Superior.
Usun
Usun (Russian: Усун; Yakut: Уһун, Uhun) is a rural locality (a selo), the only inhabited locality, and the administrative center of Kyuletsky 1-y Rural Okrug (Russian pronunciation: [kʲʉˈlʲɛtskʲɪj ˈpʲɛrvɨj]) in Vilyuysky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 140 kilometers (87 mi) from Vilyuysk, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 801, up from 743 recorded during the 2002 Census.

Vilyuysk
Vilyuysk (Russian: Вилюйск, IPA: [vʲɪˈlʲʉjsk]; Yakut: Бүлүү, Bülüü) is a town and the administrative center of Vilyuysky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located on the Vilyuy River (left tributary of the Lena), about 600 kilometers (370 mi) from Yakutsk, the capital of the republic. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 10,234.
De Phenomenis in Orbe Lunae
De Phenomenis in Orbe Lunae is a 1612 book by Collegio Romano philosophy professor Giulio Cesare la Galla that describes emission of light by a stone. La Galla's inspiration came from Galileo's debate with Vincenzo Casciarolo regarding a "lapis solaris," a stone that emitted light seemingly on its own.  In De Phenomenis, de Galla asserts that the stone was only able to emit light after the stone itself had calcified.  It released "a certain quantity of fire and light" that it had absorbed, just as water would be absorbed by a sponge.

Robert Burton discusses De Phenomenis in The Anatomy of Melancholy.

Barium sulfate
Barium sulfate (or sulphate) is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula BaSO4. It is a white crystalline solid that is odorless and insoluble in water. It occurs in nature as the mineral barite, which is the main commercial source of barium and materials prepared from it. Its opaque white appearance and its high density are exploited in its main applications.
Puerto Rico national badminton team
The Puerto Rico national badminton team (Spanish: Selección nacional de bádminton de Puerto Rico) represents Puerto Rico in international badminton team competitions. It is controlled by the Badminton Federation of Puerto Rico (FBPR; Federación de Bádminton de Puerto Rico). The team is part of Badminton Pan America and the Caribbean Regional Badminton Confederation (CAREBACO).

The team competes in the CAREBACO Team Championships. The team also competes in the Central American and Caribbean Games and won a silver medal in the women's team event in 2010.

Badminton at the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games
The Badminton competition at the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games was being held in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico. The tournament was scheduled to be held from 18 to 23 July at the Raymond Dalmau Coliseum in Porta del Sol. It was the fourth appearance for badminton at the Games.
2017 Billboard Music Awards
The 2017 Billboard Music Awards ceremony was held at the T-Mobile Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada on May 21, 2017. The list of nominees was announced on April 10, 2017. Non-televised awards were announced on Billboard website the same day as the main ceremony.

T-Mobile Arena
T-Mobile Arena is a multi-purpose indoor arena in Paradise, Nevada, United States. Opened on April 6, 2016, it is the home arena of the Vegas Golden Knights of the National Hockey League (NHL). A joint venture between MGM Resorts International and Anschutz Entertainment Group (AEG), T-Mobile Arena is situated on the Las Vegas Strip behind the New York-New York and Park MGM casino hotels. It has been nicknamed "The Fortress."

T-Mobile Arena has hosted various sports and entertainment events, with the latter including concerts, award shows, and beauty pageants. The arena has also hosted various combat sport events, including mixed martial arts (MMA), boxing, and professional wrestling. MMA promoter Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) signed a long-term tenancy agreement with T-Mobile Arena in 2017, under which it agreed to host four events per-year over the next seven years.
Harry Arlanson
Harry Arlanson (May 4, 1909 – March 21, 1998) was an American football and baseball coach. He served as the head football coach at Tufts University from 1954 to 1965, compiling a record of 57–35–2. Arlanson coached football and baseball at Weymouth High School in Weymouth, Massachusetts from 1935 to 1954.  His football teams at Weymouth had a record of 135–19–10.

Weymouth High School
Weymouth High School (WHS) is a comprehensive public high school in Weymouth, Massachusetts, United States that serves students in grades nine through twelve. Weymouth High School also offers a Career and Technical Education Program offering such courses as Allied Health, Automotive Technology, Construction Technology, Cosmetology, Culinary Arts, Drafting and Design Technology, Early Childhood Education, Graphic Communications, Information Technology, and Metal Fabrication.
Shanghai Russians
The Shanghai Russians, a sizable part of the Russian diaspora, flourished in Shanghai, China, between the World Wars. By 1937 an estimated up to 25,000 Russians lived in the city; they formed the largest European group there by far.  Most of them had come from the Russian Far East, where, with the support of the Japanese, the Whites had maintained a presence as late as the autumn of 1922.

Siberian intervention
The Siberian intervention or Siberian expedition of 1918–1922 was the dispatch of troops of the Entente powers to the Russian Maritime Provinces as part of a larger effort by the western powers, Japan and China, to support White Russian forces and the Czechoslovak Legion against Soviet Russia and its allies during the Russian Civil War. The Imperial Japanese Army continued to occupy Siberia even after other Allied forces withdrew in 1920.
1991 CA-TennisTrophy – Doubles
Udo Riglewski and Michael Stich were the defending champions of the doubles event at the CA-TennisTrophy tennis tournament but lost in the semifinals to Jakob Hlasek and Patrick McEnroe.

Anders Järryd and Gary Muller won in the final 6–4, 7–5 against Hlasek and McEnroe.

Udo Riglewski
Udo Riglewski (born 28 July 1966) is a former professional tennis player from Germany.  He enjoyed most of his tennis success while playing doubles. During his career he won 10 doubles titles and finished runner-up an additional 10 times. He achieved a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 6 in 1991.
Valley of Darkness
"Valley of Darkness" is the second episode of the second season of the reimagined Battlestar Galactica television series. It aired originally on the Sci Fi Channel on July 22, 2005.

In the episode, Cylon Centurions board Galactica. The crew, led by Lee "Apollo" Adama, beat them back but suffer heavy casualties. On Kobol, Gaius Baltar's visions continue, and Chief Galen Tyrol euthanizes a dying comrade. On Caprica, Starbuck and Helo relax in Starbuck's apartment and then take her truck out of the city.

According to executive producer Ronald D. Moore, production and post-production for "Valley of Darkness" was contentious. Nonetheless, critics reviewed it favorably. The episode received a nomination at the 2005 VES awards for the (animated) Centurions.

Gaius Baltar
Dr. Gaius Baltar is a fictional character in the TV series Battlestar Galactica played by James Callis, a reimagining of Lord Baltar from the 1978 Battlestar Galactica series. He is one of the show's primary characters.
Marcin Malinowski
Marcin Malinowski  (born 6 November 1975) is a Polish professional football manager and former player who played as a midfielder. He is currently in charge of IV liga Silesia club Unia Turza Śląska.

From 1997 to 2015, he made 458 Ekstraklasa appearances for Odra Wodzisław and Ruch Chorzów, the second highest number of appearances in the league's history.

He began his career in Gwarek Zabrze, then moved  to Polonia Bytom. In 1997, he signed a contract with Polish top division side Odra Wodzisław. The club won third place in the league in 1997 and played in UEFA Europa League.

In 2002, for two years he moved to Ruch Chorzów. He returned to Odra Wodzisław in 2004 and played until the club was finally relegated to the I liga in 2010. Malinowski was appointed team captain from Wodzisław Śląski. For Odra he played 12 seasons, 303 matches and scored 12 goals in Ekstraklasa. In 2010, he moved to Ruch Chorzów.

IV liga Silesia
IV liga Silesia group (Polish: grupa śląska), also known as I liga Śląska InterHall for sponsorship reasons, is one of the groups of IV liga, the fifth level of Polish football league system.

The league was created in the 2000–01 season after introducing new administrative division of Poland. Until the end of the 2007–08 season, IV liga was the fourth tier of league system, but this was changed with the formation of the Ekstraklasa as the top level league in Poland.

From its inception, IV liga Silesia was divided into subgroups, before switching to a single group format in 2024.

The clubs from Silesian Voivodeship compete in this group. The winner of the league is promoted to group III of the III liga. The bottom teams are relegated to the silesian V liga. The number of teams relegated to the V liga are normally two and one to the relegation play-offs, but when more teams get relegated from higher tiers, more teams can get relegated. Still, one team goes to relegation play-offs.
Hull Pals
The Hull Pals were a brigade of four battalions of the East Yorkshire Regiment (the "East Yorks") raised as part of Kitchener's Army in 1914. They served in 31st Division at Serre on the first day of the Battle of the Somme in 1916, though they escaped the worst of the disaster. However, they suffered heavy casualties in the same area later in the year, and again at Oppy Wood in early 1917. They continued to serve on the Western Front for the rest of the war, including hard fighting against the German spring offensive and in the final Hundred Days Offensive.

Kitchener's Army
The New Army, often referred to as Kitchener's Army or, disparagingly, as Kitchener's Mob,
was an (initially) all-volunteer portion of the British Army formed in the United Kingdom from 1914 onwards following the outbreak of hostilities in the First World War in late July 1914. It originated on the recommendation of Herbert Kitchener, then the Secretary of State for War to obtain 500,000 volunteers for the Army. Kitchener's original intention was that these men would be formed into units that would be ready to be put into action in mid-1916, but circumstances dictated the use of these troops before then. The first use in a major action of Kitchener's Army units came at the Battle of Loos (September–October 1915).
Kangqiao
Kangqiao forms part of suburban Shanghai and has a land area of 41.25 km2 (15.93 sq mi) and is a subdistrict of Pudong. At the Sixth National Census the population of Kangqiao stood at 174,672.

It is mostly a residential and commercial district, though it is also home to some of the many factories and production facilities in Shanghai. The Shanghai Disney Resort is located on the outskirts of Kangqiao, and Kangqiao is also home to IKEA and the Holiday Inn Kangqiao, with a cantilevered swimming pool on the top floor.

Cantilever
A cantilever is a structural element that is firmly attached to a fixed structure at one end and is unsupported at the other end. Sometimes it projects from a vertical surface such as a wall. A cantilever can be in the form of a beam, plate, truss, or slab.

When subjected to a structural load at its far, unsupported end, the cantilever carries the load to the support where it applies a shear stress and a bending moment.

Cantilever construction allows overhanging structures without external support.
Brian Maidment
Brian Edwin Maidment (19 March 1946 – 28 January 2025) was a British historian who specialised in the history of British print culture in the 18th and 19th centuries. He held professorships at the University of Huddersfield, University of Salford and Liverpool John Moores University.

University of Huddersfield
The University of Huddersfield is a public research university located in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England. It has been a University since 1992, but has its origins in a series of institutions dating back to the 19th century. It has made teaching quality a particular focus of its activities, winning the inaugural Higher Education Academy Global Teaching Excellence Award in 2017, and achieving a Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF) Gold Award, in 2017  and 2023. The university has also put an increasing focus on research quality, and as of 2022 more than three quarters of its academic staff hold a doctorate, the third highest rate in England.

Its chancellor George W. Buckley, a graduate of the university and a former CEO of 3M, was appointed in 2020.
Hyer Hall
Hyer Hall is a historic building on the campus of Southern Methodist University in University Park, Texas, U.S.. It was built in 1927, and designed by C. D. Hill & Company in the Georgian Revival architectural style. It was named in honor of Robert Stewart Hyer, SMU's first president. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since September 27, 1980.

University Park, Texas
University Park is a city in Dallas County, Texas, United States, in suburban Dallas. The population was 25,278 at the 2020 census. The city is home to Southern Methodist University.

University Park is bordered on the north, east and west by Dallas and on the south by the town of Highland Park. University Park and Highland Park together comprise the Park Cities, an enclave of Dallas. University Park is one of the most affluent places in Texas based on per capita income; it is ranked #12. In 2018, data from the American Community Survey revealed that University Park was the second wealthiest city in the United States, with a median household income of $198,438 and a poverty rate of 4.2%.

Addresses in University Park may use either "Dallas, Texas" or "University Park, Texas" as the city designation, although the United States Postal Service prefers the use of the "Dallas, Texas" designation for the sake of simplicity. The same is true for mail sent to Highland Park.
Bangladesh at the Commonwealth Games
Formerly known as East Pakistan, Bangladesh has competed at eight Commonwealth Games, with the first coming in 1978. They did not compete again until 1990, but have competed in every Games since. Bangladesh has won eight Commonwealth Games medals, all coming in shooting events.

1990 Commonwealth Games
The 1990 Commonwealth Games (Māori: 1990 Taumāhekeheke Commonwealth) were held in Auckland, New Zealand from, 24 January – 3 February 1990. It was the 14th Commonwealth Games, and part of New Zealand's 1990 sesquicentennial celebrations.

Participants competed in ten sports: athletics, aquatics, badminton, boxing, cycling, gymnastics, judo, lawn bowls, shooting and weightlifting. Judo (which had been a demonstration sport in 1986) and Gymnastics (last held in 1978) were added as events by the New Zealand organising committee, effectively replacing wrestling, which was dropped from the Games for the first time and rowing which had been held for the last time.

Netball and the Triathlon were demonstration events.
Phola language
Phola, or Upriver Phula, is a dialect cluster of the Loloish languages spoken by the Phula people of China.

Phola proper is spoken by 13,000 people in Honghe County, Gejiu, Shiping County, Jianshui County and Yuanjiang County.

Alo Phola is spoken by 500 people in the village of Tuguozhai (土锅寨), Dashuiping Community (大水平村), Lijiang Township (澧江镇), Yuanjiang County, Yunnan, where they are surrounded by Dai speakers.

Phala is spoken by 12,000 people out of an ethnic population of 13,000 in Honghe, Shiping, Jianshui and Yuanyang Counties.

The representative Phola dialect studied in Pelkey (2011) is that of Luodie (罗垤), Wadie Township (洼垤乡), Yuanjiang County.

Jianshui County
Jianshui County (Chinese: 建水县; pinyin: Jiànshuǐ Xiàn; Hani: Jeifsyu; Yi: ꏧꎴ / jiep sho) is a city in Honghe prefecture, Yunnan province, China. It was historic center of the province and remains an important transportation crossroad. Previously, it has been known as Lin'an (Chinese: 临安) or Huili (Chinese: 惠历); today, the name Lin'an Town is retained by Jianshui's county seat.
Mohadeseh Goudasiaei
Mohadeseh Goudasiai Persian: محدثه گود آسیایی (born 12 June 2000) is an Iranian professional football player who plays as a midfielder for the Iran under-19 national team. She is a student of sports sciences and the first lady with a record in Iran. Her first record in Milad Tower with 8694 rupees in one hour and her second record is Asian which lasted 3 hours and 11 minutes and was recorded about 21 thousand rupees.

Iran women's national football team
The Iran women's national football team, nicknamed the Lionesses, represents Iran in international women's football around the world, and is controlled by the Football Federation Islamic Republic of Iran (FFIRI). The Iran women's team played its first international match in May 1971 against Italy and first FIFA international in September 2005 against Syria.
Weber Thompson
Weber Thompson is an architecture firm based in Seattle, Washington, United States. The firm employs over 70 architects and primarily focuses on high-rise buildings, interior design, and landscape architecture, also specializing in commercial office space, affordable housing and sustainable design. 17 of the firm's projects have earned LEED certification.

Architectural firm
In the United States, an architectural firm or architecture firm is a business that employs one or more licensed architects and practices the profession of architecture; while in South Africa, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Denmark and other countries, an architectural firm is a company or partnership that offers architectural services.
Leonora Christina Ulfeldt
Leonora Christina, Countess Ulfeldt, born "Countess Leonora Christina Christiansdatter" til Slesvig og Holsten (8 July 1621 – 16 March 1698), was daughter to King Christian IV of Denmark and Kirsten Munk and wife of the Steward of the Realm, the traitor Count Corfitz Ulfeldt. Renowned in Denmark since the 19th century for her posthumously published autobiography Jammers Minde, written secretly during two decades of solitary confinement in a royal dungeon, her intimate version of the major events she witnessed in Europe's history, interwoven with ruminations on her woes as a political prisoner, still commands popular interest and scholarly respect, and has virtually become the stuff of legend as retold and enlivened in Danish literature and art.

Steward of the Realm (Denmark)
Steward of the Realm (Danish: Rigshofmester) was an office at the Royal Danish Court. With the coronation of Eric VII of Denmark in 1396, it became an important office, taking over the role of the Seneschal (Danish: Drost) as the de facto prime minister of the country. Prior to that the Rigshofmester had merely been the administrative leader of the Royal Court.

The office was abolished with the institution of absolute monarchy in Denmark-Norway in 1660.
Francis Parker House
Francis Parker House, also known as Parker's Big Run or High House, is a historic home located near Murfreesboro, North Carolina and Northampton County, North Carolina. It was built about 1785, and is a 1+1⁄2-story, hall and parlor plan, Georgian style frame dwelling with a one-story rear wing.  It has a gambrel roof, is sheathed in weatherboard, sits on a raised brick basement, and rebuilt massive paved double-shoulder exterior end chimneys.  The house was moves to its present location in 1976.  The contributing Vaughan house and pyramidal-roof frame dairy (formerly located in Hertford County near the Parker house), were also moved to the site.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Hall and parlor house
A hall-and-parlor house is a type of vernacular house found in early-modern to 19th century England, as well as in colonial North America. It is presumed to have been the model on which other North American house types have been developed, such as the Cape Cod house, saltbox, and central-passage house, and in turn influenced the somewhat-later I-house. In England it had been a more modest development from the medieval hall house.
Sz (digraph)
Sz is a digraph of the Latin script, used in  Hungarian, Kashubian and Polish. It is also used to represent syllables in various romanizations of Mandarin and the Hong Kong government romanization of Cantonese.

Hong Kong Government Cantonese Romanisation
The Hong Kong Government uses an unpublished system of romanisation of Cantonese for public purposes which is based on the 1888 standard described by Roy T Cowles in 1914 as Standard Romanisation.: iv   The primary need for romanisation of Cantonese by the Hong Kong Government is in the assigning of names to new streets and places.  It has not formally or publicly disclosed its method for determining the appropriate romanisation in any given instance.
181–187 Hay Street, Sydney
181–187 Hay Street, also known as the Corporation Building or Municipal Building, is a heritage-listed former council chambers located at 181–187 Hay Street, in the Haymarket district of Sydney, Australia. It was built from 1893. The property is owned by City of Sydney and was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

The building is home to the 4A Centre for Contemporary Asian Art.

Wangal
The Wangal people (/ˈwɒŋɡəl/; a.k.a. Wanngal or Won-gal) are a clan of the Dharug Aboriginal people whose heirs are custodians of the lands and waters of what is now the Inner West of Sydney, New South Wales, centred around the Municipality of Strathfield, Municipality of Burwood, City of Canada Bay and former Ashfield Council (now part of Inner West Council) and extending west into the City of Parramatta.