hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ayn al-Niser
Ayn al-Niser (Arabic: عين النسر, also spelled Ain al-Nisr or Ayni-Nasir) is a town in central Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate, located northeast of Homs. Nearby localities include al-Mishirfeh to the west, Ayn al-Dananir to the northwest, Izz al-Din to the north, al-Mukharram al-Fawqani to the east and Umm al-Amad to the southeast.

According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Ayn al-Niser had a population of 604 in the 2004 census. It is the administrative center and 11th largest locality of the Ayn al-Niser nahiyah ("subdistrict") which consists of 16 localities with a collective population of 30,267. The inhabitants of the village are ethnic Circassians from the Shapsugh, Kabardian and Bzhedug tribes.

Homs Governorate
Homs Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة حمص Muḥāfaẓat Ḥimṣ) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in central Syria. It has 42,226 km2 (16,304 sq mi).It is geographically the largest governorate in Syria. Homs Governorate has a population of 1,763,000 as of 2010. The Homs governorate is divided into six administrative districts (mantiqah), with the city of Homs as a separate district. Homs is the capital city of the district of Homs. Its governor is Namir Habib Makhlouf.
Richard Harding (curler)
Richard Harding (born c. 1956) is a Scottish curler. Harding is currently the Head of Broadcast for the World Curling Federation (WCF) and was the  Equipment and Logistics Officer for the WCF.

He is a 1977 World Men's bronze medallist and a two-time Scottish men's champion.

At the time of the 1987 World Championship, he worked as a leisure manager, which among other things involved making curling ice at his Forest Hills Curling Club. He also worked as a curling reporter for the Glasgow Herald, Dundee Courier, the Aberdeen Press and Journal and for the BBC.

The Courier (Dundee)
The Courier (known as The Courier & Advertiser between 1926 and 2012) is a newspaper published by DC Thomson in Dundee, Scotland. As of 2013, it is printed in six regional editions: Dundee, Angus & The Mearns, Fife, West Fife, Perthshire, and Stirlingshire. However, by 2020, this had been reduced to three regional editions for Perth and Perthshire; Angus and Dundee; and Fife.

As of August 2025, the circulation for The Courier stands at 14,836, this was a decrease from December 2024, where the average daily circulation of The Courier was 15,737, both figures are significantly down from the 30,179 copies sold in December 2019.
Broughty Castle
Broughty Castle is a historic castle on the banks of the River Tay in Broughty Ferry, Dundee, Scotland. It was completed around 1495, although the site was earlier fortified in 1454, when George Douglas, 4th Earl of Angus, received permission to build on the site. His son, Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Angus, was coerced into ceding the castle to the crown. The main tower house forming the centre of the castle with four floors was built by Andrew, 2nd Lord Gray, who was granted the castle in 1490. The structure is designated a scheduled monument.

George Douglas, 4th Earl of Angus
George Douglas, 4th Earl of Angus, Lord Douglas, Abernethy and Jedburgh Forest (c. 1427 – 12 March 1463) was a Scottish nobleman. He was the son of William Douglas, 2nd Earl of Angus and Margaret Hay of Yester. Known as the Great Earl of Angus. He succeeded to the Earldom following the death of his childless brother James Douglas, 3rd Earl of Angus in 1446. He was to become the first Red Chief of Douglas.
Salisbury Plain, South Georgia
Salisbury Plain (Spanish: Llanura de Salisbury) (54°3′S 37°21′W﻿ / ﻿54.050°S 37.350°W﻿ / -54.050; -37.350) is a broad coastal plain found with the Bay of Isles on the north coast of South Georgia. It lies between the mouths of Grace and Lucas glaciers on the southern coast of the bay, with Mount Ashley south of it. Best known as the breeding site for as many as 60,000 king penguins, its beaches are also covered with many southern elephant seals and Antarctic fur seals.

American ornithologist Robert Cushman Murphy made the first detailed study of the birds in the area in 1912–13. He named nearby Grace Glacier after his wife.

The name appears to have been first used on a 1931 British Admiralty chart.

Robert Cushman Murphy
Robert Cushman Murphy (April 29, 1887 – March 20, 1973) was an American ornithologist and Lamont Curator of birds at the American Museum of Natural History. He went on numerous oceanic expeditions and was an expert on marine birds, and wrote several major books on them. He described a species of petrel which is now known as Murphy's petrel. Mount Murphy in Antarctica and Murphy Wall in South Georgia are named after him.
John Findley Wallace
John Findley Wallace (September 10, 1852 – July 3, 1921) was an American engineer and administrator, best known for serving as chief engineer for construction of the Panama Canal between 1904 and 1905. He had previously gained experience in railroad construction in the American Midwest.

American Society of Civil Engineers
The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) is a tax-exempt professional body founded in 1852 to represent members of the civil engineering profession worldwide. Headquartered in Reston, Virginia, it is the oldest national engineering society in the United States. Its constitution was based on the older Boston Society of Civil Engineers from 1848.

ASCE is dedicated to the advancement of the science and profession of civil engineering and the enhancement of human welfare through the activities of society members. It has more than 143,000 members in 177 countries. Its mission is to provide essential value to members, their careers, partners, and the public; facilitate the advancement of technology; encourage and provide the tools for lifelong learning; promote professionalism and the profession; develop and support civil engineers.
Cartledge House
Cartledge House is a historic home located at Batesburg-Leesville, Lexington County, South Carolina. It was built about 1898, and is a two-story, Victorian-era weatherboard dwelling.  It consists of a rectangular central block under a hipped roof with sheet metal shingles and a truncated ridge. Double gallery porches wrap around the front and side elevations on both stories ornamented by Tuscan order colonettes and turned balustrades. The front roof slope features a steep cross gable pierced by a circular vent.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Lexington County, South Carolina
Lexington County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 293,991. Its county seat and largest community is Lexington. The county was chartered in 1785 and was named in commemoration of Lexington, Massachusetts, the site of the Battle of Lexington in the American Revolutionary War. Lexington County is the sixth-most populous county in South Carolina by population and is part of the Columbia, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located in the Midlands region of South Carolina.
Canan Kaftancıoğlu
Canan Kaftancıoğlu (born 3 February 1972) is a Turkish physician and politician. She was until 2023 the president of the Republican People's Party's (CHP) in Istanbul. In September 2019, she was sentenced to 9 years and 8 months imprisonment for insulting the president and terrorism related charges but after an appeal by the CHP, the Court of Cassation reduced her sentence to over 4 years and 11 months in May 2022. The Turkish government under President Tayyip Erdoğan's administration put her on trial for tweeting about the Armenian genocide and assassinations of the three female members of the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) in Paris. Her trial came in the wake of her party's victory in regional elections in Istanbul. During her trial she read out a poem by Nâzım Hikmet.

Nâzım Hikmet
Mehmed Nâzım Ran (17 January 1902 – 3 June 1963), commonly known as Nâzım Hikmet (Turkish: [naːˈzɯm hicˈmet] ⓘ), was a Turkish poet, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, director, and memoirist. He was acclaimed for the "lyrical flow of his statements". Described as a "romantic communist" and a "romantic revolutionary", he was repeatedly arrested for his political beliefs and spent much of his adult life in prison or in exile. His poetry has been translated into more than 50 languages.
Crown agency
A crown agency was an administrative body of the British Empire, distinct from the Civil Service Commission of Great Britain or the government administration of the national entity in which it operated.  These enterprises were overseen from 1833 to 1974 by the Office of the Crown Agents in London, thereafter named the Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administration.  Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations Ltd became a private limited company providing development services in 1996.

Today the term is also used to refer to state-controlled companies in some states of the British Commonwealth.

Land development
Land development is the alteration of landscape in any number of ways, such as:

Changing landforms from a natural or semi-natural state for a purpose such as agriculture or housing

Subdividing real estate into lots, typically for the purpose of building homes

Real estate development or changing its purpose, for example by converting an unused factory complex into a condominium
Engineer Corps
Several military services have combat engineer service corps:

Canadian Military Engineers

Indian Army Corps of Engineers

Indonesian Army Corps of Engineers

Irish Army Engineer Corps

Israeli Engineering Corps

Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers

Royal Australian Engineers

Royal Engineers (British Army)

United States Army Corps of Engineers

Rapid Engineer Deployable Heavy Operational Repair Squadron Engineers (United States Air Force)

Naval Facilities Engineering Command (United States Navy)

Seabee (United States Navy)

Rapid Engineer Deployable Heavy Operational Repair Squadron Engineers
Rapid Engineer Deployable Heavy Operational Repair Squadron Engineer (RED HORSE) squadrons are the United States Air Force's heavy-construction units.  Their combat engineering capabilities are similar to those of the U.S. Navy Seabees and U.S. Army heavy-construction organizations.
Power Jets W.1
The Power Jets W.1 (sometimes called the Whittle W.1) was a British turbojet engine designed by Frank Whittle and Power Jets. The W.1 was built under contract by British Thomson-Houston (BTH) in the early 1940s. It is notable for being the first British jet engine to fly, as the "Whittle Supercharger Type W1", powering the Gloster E.28/39 on its maiden flight at RAF Cranwell on 15 May 1941. The W.1 was superseded by the Power Jets W.2.

RAF Cranwell
Royal Air Force Cranwell or more simply RAF Cranwell (ICAO: EGYD) is a Royal Air Force station in Lincolnshire, England, close to the village of Cranwell, near Sleaford. Among other functions, it is home to the Royal Air Force Officer Training Academy (RAFOTA), which trains the RAF's new officers and aircrew. The motto, Altium Altrix, meaning "Nurture the highest" appears above the main doors of the Officers Mess. Since January 2025, RAF Cranwell has been commanded by Wing Commander Matthew "Chocka" Thornton.
Jean Claude Chan Se
Alain Claude Chan Se is a Malagasy politician. A member of the National Assembly of Madagascar, he was elected as a member of the Tiako I Madagasikara party.

He was the suppleant of Mahafaritsy Samuel Razakanirina who was named ambassador in Algeria and represents the second constituency of Toliary.

Toliara
Toliara (also known as Toliary, [tuliˈar]; formerly  Tuléar) is a city in southern Madagascar. It is the capital of the Atsimo-Andrefana region, located 936 km southwest of the national capital Antananarivo.

The current spelling of the name was adopted in the 1970s, reflecting the orthography of the Malagasy language. Many geographic place names, assigned French spellings during the colonial period, were altered following Malagasy independence in 1960.

The city has a population of 168,758 in 2018. As a port town it acts as a major import/export hub for commodities such as sisal, soap, hemp, cotton, rice and peanuts.
Speyside single malt
Speyside single malts are single malt Scotch whiskies, distilled in Strathspey, the area around the River Spey in Moray and Badenoch and Strathspey, in northeastern Scotland.

The two best-selling single malt whiskies in the world, The Glenlivet and Glenfiddich, come from Speyside. Strathspey has the greatest number of distilleries of any of the whisky-producing areas of Scotland. Dufftown alone has six working distilleries with an annual capacity of 40.4 million litres of spirit.

Dufftown
Dufftown (Scottish Gaelic: Baile Bhainidh [ˈpaləˈvanɪ(j)]) is a burgh in Moray, Scotland. While the town is part of the historic Mortlach parish, the town was established and laid out in the early 19th century as part of a planned new town settlement. The town has several listed 19th century buildings and serves as a regional centre for agriculture, tourism and services. The town is well known for its whisky-based economy, as it produces more whisky than any other town in Scotland and is home to several existing and former distilleries.
White Oak Creek (Spring River tributary)
White Oak Creek is a stream in Lawrence and Jasper counties of southwest Missouri. It is a tributary of the Spring River.

The headwaters of the stream are at 37°13′27″N 93°53′32″W﻿ / ﻿37.22417°N 93.89222°W﻿ / 37.22417; -93.89222 and the confluence with the Spring River is at 37°09′46″N 94°09′59″W﻿ / ﻿37.16278°N 94.16639°W﻿ / 37.16278; -94.16639. The intermittent streams at the source area in northwest Lawrence County just northwest of Miller flow northwest past Round Grove on Missouri Route UU. The stream turns west and then southwest passing under Missouri Route 97 and north of Grays Point and Red Oak. The stream flows into Jasper County north of Plew and flows under Missouri Route 96 east of Avilla and flows under Missouri Route 37 before joining the Spring River east of Carthage.

White Oak Creek was named for the white oak trees lining its course.

Missouri supplemental route
A supplemental route is a state secondary road in the U.S. state of Missouri, designated with letters. Supplemental routes were various roads within the state which the Missouri Department of Transportation was given in 1952 to maintain in addition to the regular routes, though lettered routes had been in use from at least 1932. The four types of roads designated as Routes are:

Farm to market roads

Roads to state parks

Former alignments of U.S. or state highways

Short routes connecting state highways from other states to routes in Missouri

Supplemental routes make up 19,064 miles (30,681 km) (59%) of the state highway system.
Acton, Staffordshire
Acton is a hamlet in the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire.

It lies within the civil parish of Whitmore, four miles south west of Newcastle close to the junction of the A53 and the A5182,  Trentham Road.

Newcastle-under-Lyme District Council has an open windrow facility in Acton  where it composts garden waste collected in the borough into a nutrient rich soil improver for local farms and other places  including Trentham Gardens.

There is a redundant church in the village bearing the inscription Wesleyan Church.
 It is now a private house. The Acton Hall Equestrian Centre  is located in the village too.

Redundant church
A redundant church, now referred to as a closed church, is a church building that is no longer used for Christian worship. The term most frequently refers to former Anglican churches in the United Kingdom, but may also be used for disused churches in other countries. Redundant churches may be deconsecrated, but this is not always done.

Reasons for redundancy include population movements, changing social patterns, merging of parishes, and decline in church attendance (especially in the Global North). Historically, redundant churches were often demolished or left to ruin. Today, many are repurposed as community centres, museums or homes, or are protected under the care of heritage preservation organisations such as Friends of Friendless Churches or the Churches Conservation Trust, and are demolished only if no alternative can be found.
Saint Louis (El Greco)
Saint Louis is a 1592–1595 painting by El Greco, painted during his time in Toledo. It is now in the Louvre in Paris.

It shows Louis IX of France wearing 16th-century armour and a crown and holding his family symbol of a fleur de lys and the traditional sceptre of the kings of France. Gregorio Marañon and Manuel Bartolomé Cossío argue the model was a patient at the Hospital del Nuncio or an old print.

Louis was the grandson of Alfonso VIII of Castile, meaning that in the late 16th century, he was revered in both France and Spain, particularly since no Spanish king was canonised until Ferdinand III of Castile received the honour in 1671. The work was commissioned by Luis de Castilla, the painter's friend and future executor – the saint was also Luis' name saint. For a period the work was in the collection of the château de Chenonceau, before being acquired by its present owner in 1903. A recent restoration has revealed a cityscape in the background, showing Toledo.

Alfonso VIII of Castile
Alfonso VIII (11 November 1155 – 5 October 1214), called the Noble (El Noble) or the one of Las Navas (el de las Navas), was King of Castile from 1158 to his death and King of Toledo. After having suffered a great defeat with his own army at Alarcos against the Almohads in 1195, he led the coalition of Christian princes and foreign crusaders who broke the power of the Almohads in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212, an event which marked the arrival of a tide of Christian supremacy on the Iberian Peninsula.

His reign saw the domination of Castile over León and, by his alliance with Aragon, he drew those two spheres of Christian Iberia into close connection.
Don Cornock
Donald Munroe Cornock (1 August 1930 – 1969) was a Scottish footballer who played for Albion Rovers, Clyde, Dumbarton, Stranraer and Stirling Albion.

Cornock died in Coatbridge in 1969, at the age of 39.

Clyde F.C.
Clyde Football Club is a Scottish semi-professional football club who play in Scottish League Two. Nicknamed the Bully Wee, the club was formed in 1877 at the River Clyde in Glasgow, the club currently host their home matches at New Douglas Park in Hamilton, having played at Broadwood Stadium in Cumbernauld from 1994 until 2022.

The club's biggest accomplishments are winning the Scottish Cup on three occasions: 1939, 1955 and 1958; they reached the final a further three times, all during a long period based at Shawfield, in Rutherglen. They have not played in the top division of Scottish football since 1975.

The club have been managed by Darren Young since October 2024.
Cliff Tan
Cliff Tan Anlong (born 13 January 1988) is a Singaporean architect, author and feng shui expert.

In 2016, he founded Dear Modern, a design firm based in London. Tan's independent project to revamp Singapore's Mass Rapid Transit map caught the eye of local media.

Tan creates educational and comedic content about feng shui, architecture, and interior design on his social media channels, Dear Modern, including TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube. In 2022, he authored his debut book Feng Shui Modern, which (as of 2024) has been translated into French, Dutch, Hebrew, and Spanish.

Tan also was involved in Metaverse projects, including working with McDonald's to design their 2022 Lunar New Year Hall of Zodiacs pavilion alongside American designer Humberto Leon.

Humberto Leon
Humberto Leon (born June 7, 1975) is an American fashion designer, retailer and creative director, working in partnership with Carol Lim. He is currently the creative director for the Los Angeles based girl group Katseye, aiding in the group's style, image, branding, and fashion.

Leon and Lim founded the fashion retailer Opening Ceremony in 2002 in Lower Manhattan. Further stores followed in New York City, Los Angeles, and Tokyo. An Opening Ceremony store opened in 2012 in London, coinciding with the Olympics.

In 2011, Lim and Leon were announced as creative directors of the French high fashion brand Kenzo, which was founded in 1970 and is part of the LVMH luxury goods conglomerate. In July 2019 the pair departed Kenzo.
Boylston Chess Club
The Boylston Chess Club is a chess club based in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded on August 27, 1919, at the Boston Young Men's Christian Union, it is one of the oldest continuously operating chess clubs in the United States. The club is operated by the Boylston Chess Foundation, a nonprofit organization established in 2005. It is the largest chess club in Boston and among the most active in the country, hosting frequent tournaments and events for players of all levels.

Jennifer Yu (chess player)
Jennifer Runhe Yu (born February 1, 2002) is an American chess woman grandmaster. She was awarded the title Woman Grandmaster by FIDE in 2018. Yu is a two-time U.S. women's champion, winning in 2019 and 2022.
Justin Wall
Justin Wall is a former U.S. soccer forward who attended Westmont College, a small school which played in the NAIA.  In his four seasons with the Warriors, Wall helped the team to the 1989 NAIA Final Four.  On an individual level, Wall was a three time All American and ended his career with the Warriors with 23 assists.

In 1992, Wall signed with the San Francisco Bay Blackhawks of the American Professional Soccer League.  However, he saw time in only four games for a total of 138 minutes.  In 1993, he became a regular on the team, now renamed the San Jose Hawks which now played in the U.S. Interregional Soccer League (USISL).  The Hawks took the Pacific Division title, making the Sizzling Six post-season tournament.  Wall was a Sizzling Six All Star that season.

He later joined the San Jose Clash front office, working ticket sales and promotions.

Westmont inducted Wall into its Athletic Hall of Fame in 2006.

United States Interregional Soccer League
The United States Interregional Soccer League (USISL) was a semi-professional men's outdoor soccer league that played six seasons from 1989 to 1994. It was the first outdoor league to be operated by the organization known today as the United Soccer League. Commencing play in 1989, it received Division 3 status from U.S. Soccer for its final season in 1994. It was split into the USISL Professional League and the amateur USISL Premier League in 1995. The Colorado Comets and Greensboro Dynamo were the most successful clubs in the league, winning two championships each.
Mossurize District
Mossurize District is a district of Manica Province in western Mozambique. The principal town is Espungabera. The district is located in the south of the province, and borders with Sussundenga District in the north, Chibabava District of Sofala Province in the east, Machaze District in the south, and with Zimbabwe in the west. The area of the district is 5,038 square kilometres (1,945 sq mi). It has a population of 195,182 as of 2007.

Sofala Province
Sofala [suˈfalɐ] is a province of Mozambique. It has a population of 2,259,248 (2017 census). Beira is the capital of the province, named for the ruined port of Sofala which is 35 kilometres (22 mi) to the south.