hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Piperoxan
Piperoxan, also known as benodaine, was the first antihistamine to be discovered. This compound, derived from benzodioxan, was prepared in the early 1930s by Daniel Bovet and Ernest Fourneau at the Pasteur Institute in France. Formerly investigated by Fourneau as an α-adrenergic-blocking agent, they demonstrated that it also antagonized histamine-induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs, and published their findings in 1933. Bovet went on to win the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his contribution. One of Bovet and Fourneau's students, Anne-Marie Staub, published the first structure–activity relationship (SAR) study of antihistamines in 1939. Piperoxan and analogues themselves were not clinically useful due to the production of toxic effects in humans and were followed by phenbenzamine (Antergan) in the early 1940s, which was the first antihistamine to be marketed for medical use.

Structure–activity relationship
The structure–activity relationship (SAR) is the relationship between the chemical structure of a molecule and its biological activity. This idea was first presented by Alexander Crum Brown and Thomas Richard Fraser at least as early as 1868.

The analysis of SAR enables the determination of the chemical group responsible for evoking a target biological effect in the organism. This allows modification of the effect or the potency of a bioactive compound (typically a drug) by changing its chemical structure. Medicinal chemists use the techniques of chemical synthesis to insert new chemical groups into the biomedical compound and test the modifications for their biological effects.

This method was refined to build mathematical relationships between the chemical structure and the biological activity, known as quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR). A related term is structure affinity relationship (SAFIR).
1921 VFA season
The 1921 Victorian Football Association season was the 43rd season of the Australian rules football competition.

The premiership was won by the Williamstown Football Club, after it came from fourth on the home-and-home ladder to defeat minor premiers Footscray by 18 points in the Grand Final, played very late in the year on 22 October. It was the club's second VFA premiership.

The season was disrupted when the North Melbourne Football Club abruptly disbanded at midseason, a consequence of wide-ranging off-field manoeuvres in both the VFA and the VFL, which stemmed from the closure the East Melbourne Cricket Ground.

1908 VFA season
The 1908 Victorian Football Association season was the 32nd season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Footscray Football Club, after it defeated Brunswick in the final by 24 points. It was the fourth premiership won by the club.

The season was preceded by a tumultuous off-season, in which the Richmond Football Club left the Association in favour of the rival Victorian Football League, and both North Melbourne and West Melbourne were banished from the Association for attempting to do likewise.
Jacek Lipiński
Jacek Lipiński (born 26 February 1966) is a Polish lawyer, prosecutor, and mayor of Aleksandrów Łódzki, Poland city and commune since 2002. He was elected for the second term in general elections held on 18 November 2006, gaining 60.75% of the votes.

Aleksandrów Łódzki
Aleksandrów Łódzki ([alɛkˈsandruf ˈwut͡skʲi] ⓘ) is a town in Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland. It is a part of the Łódź metropolitan area. Aleksandrów Łódzki has an area of 13.82 square kilometres (5.34 square miles), and as of June 2022 its population was 22,160.
Hureiz
Hureiz (Arabic: حريز) is a Palestinian village located seven kilometers south-east of Hebron. The village is in the Hebron Governorate Southern West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the village had a population of 997 in mid-year 2006. The primary health care facilities for the village are at Zif designated by the Ministry of Health as level 1 and at Yatta, level 3.

Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS; Arabic: الجهاز المركزي للإحصاء الفلسطيني, romanized: al-Jihāz al-Markazī lil-Iḥṣāʼ al-Filasṭīnī) is the official statistical institution of Palestine. Its main task is to provide credible statistical figures at the national and international levels. It is a state institution that provides service to the governmental, non – governmental and private sectors in addition to research institutions and universities. It is established as an independent statistical bureau. The PCBS publishes the Statistical Yearbook of Palestine and the Jerusalem Statistical Yearbook annually.

The head office of the agency is in Ein Munjed Quarter, Ramallah.
Libuše Márová
Libuše Márová (born 24 December 1943) is a Czech operatic mezzo-soprano who has been a principal artist at the National Theatre in Prague since 1969. She has sung on a number of recordings in the Supraphon label and currently teaches on the voice faculty at the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague.

National Theatre (Prague)
The National Theatre (Czech: Národní divadlo) is a historic opera house in Prague, Czech Republic. It is known as the alma mater of Czech opera, and as the national monument of Czech history and art.

The National Theatre belongs to the most important Czech cultural institutions, with a rich artistic tradition, which helped to preserve and develop the most important features of the nation–the Czech language and a sense for a Czech musical and dramatic way of thinking.

Today the National Theatre consists of three artistic ensembles: opera, ballet and drama. They alternate in their performances in the historic building of the National Theatre, in the State Opera, in the Estates Theatre and in the Kolowrat Theatre. All three artistic ensembles select their repertoire both from classical heritage, and modern authors.
Nunarput utoqqarsuanngoravit
"Nunarput utoqqarsuanngoravit" (Greenlandic: [nʉnɑpːut‿ʉtɔq:ɑs:uaŋːɔʁavit]; Danish: "Vort ældgamle land", [vɒt ˈelˌkɑmlə lænˀ ɔn⁽ˀ⁾ɐ ˈiˀsˌple̝ŋkn̩s pɑwˀn]; English: "Our Ancient Land") is the national anthem of Greenland, an autonomous state of the Kingdom of Denmark. Written by Henning Jakob Henrik Lund in 1912, it was officially adopted in 1916. Music for it was later composed by Jonathan Petersen in 1937.

The reference to Kalaallit as "half-grown children" yearning to join the "advanced nations" of the world has been considered controversial in modern times. Since 1979, "Nuna asiilasooq" ("The Land of Great Length"), an ethnic anthem used by the self-governing Kalaallit, has also been officially recognised by the government.

Kalaallit
Kalaallit are a Greenlandic Inuit ethnic group, being the largest group in Greenland, concentrated in the west. It is also a contemporary term in the Greenlandic language for the Indigenous of Greenland (Greenlandic: Kalaallit Nunaat). The Kalaallit (singular: Kalaaleq) are a part of the Arctic Inuit. The language spoken by Inuit in Greenland is known as Kalaallisut, known in English as Greenlandic.
P. R. Madhavan Pillai
P. R. Madhavan Pillai (6 March 1917 – 25 September 1976) was an Indian politician and leader of Communist Party of India. He represented Kunnathoor constituency in 1st Kerala Legislative Assembly and Konni constituency in 3rd Kerala Legislative Assembly. He was a member of the Thirukochi Legislative Assembly from 1953-55.

Madhavan Pillai started his political career as a Congress activist in 1938. He was a member of the Travancore Congress Committee until 1948 and in the same year he joined the Communist Party. He was also a member of the State Committee, Member of the All India Kisan Sabha, Member of the Central Kisan Council, President and Vice President of the Kerala Karshaka Sangham.  Madhavan Pillai was the editor of the communist publications Keralam and Navalokam and was the editor-in-chief of the Congress publication Yuva Kerala until 1948.

1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election
The Kerala Legislative Assembly election of 1957 was the first assembly election in the Indian state of Kerala. The Communist Party of India won the election with 60 seats. The election led to the formation of first democratically elected communist government in India. The election also made Kerala as the first state to elect a Non-Congress party in the country.
Donald Morrison (missionary)
Donald Morrison (5 July 1828 – 23 October 1869) was a Presbyterian missionary from Nova Scotia to the New Hebrides (now known as Vanuatu). He was born and grew up in Cape Breton, and went to the New Hebrides in 1864, serving on the island of Efate. He translated the Gospel of Mark into the Erakor dialect of Efate. This was printed in Sydney in 1866, making it the first book printed in any dialect of Efate. In 1869, Morrison left the New Hebrides due to ill health, and died in Auckland. His daughter was headmistress Annie Christina Morrison. His son Alexander Samuel Morrison was a minister in Rakaia, New Zealand and died in 1939.

J. Graham Miller suggests that Morrison was "fearless among the heathen, gentle among the Christians, and at all times a humble servant of the Master." Miller notes that the Efatese people honour him as the first European missionary to their island, and that Morrison is a popular name for boys among Efatese-speaking people.

Efate
Efate (French: Éfaté), originally named Sandwich Island and also known as Île Vate (French: [il vat]) or just Vate, is an island in the Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Shefa Province in Vanuatu, and the capital city, Port Vila, is located on the island.
Mandible (arthropod mouthpart)
The mandible (from Latin: mandibula or mandĭbŭ-lum, a jaw)  of an arthropod is  a pair of mouthparts used either for biting or cutting and holding food. Mandibles are often simply called jaws. Mandibles are present in the extant subphyla Myriapoda (millipedes and others), Crustacea and Hexapoda (insects etc.). These groups make up the clade Mandibulata and comprise all living arthropods except arachnids and other chelicerates. Unlike chelicerae, mandibles are often used to chew food.

Arachnid
Arachnids are arthropods in the class Arachnida (/əˈræknɪdə/) of the subphylum Chelicerata. Arachnida includes, among others, spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, camel spiders, whip spiders and vinegaroons.

Adult arachnids have eight legs attached to the  cephalothorax. In some species the frontmost pair of legs has converted to a sensory function, while in others, different appendages can grow large enough to take on the appearance of extra pairs of legs.

Almost all extant arachnids are terrestrial, living mainly on land. However, some inhabit freshwater environments and, with the exception of the pelagic zone, marine environments as well. They comprise over 110,000 named species, of which 51,000 are species of spiders.

The term is derived from the Greek word ἀράχνη (aráchnē, 'spider'), from the myth of the hubristic human weaver Arachne, who was turned into a spider.
Raag Desh (film)
Raag Desh (transl. Love the country) is a 2017 Indian historical action drama film directed by Tigmanshu Dhulia and produced by Gurdeep Singh Sappal and Rajya Sabha TV. The film is based on Indian National Army trials, the joint court martial of Indian National Army officers Colonel Prem Sahgal, Colonel Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon, and Major Shah Nawaz Khan on charges of treason against the British Empire during World War 2. The leading roles in Raag Desh have been played by Kunal Kapoor, Amit Sadh, Mohit Marwah and Mrudula Murali. The film was released on 28 July 2017. Rishi Punjabi is the cinematographer of the film.

Tigmanshu Dhulia
Tigmanshu Dhulia (born 3 July 1967) is an Indian film dialogue writer, director, actor, screenwriter, producer and casting director known for his works in Hindi cinema and Television. He wrote the dialogue for the 1998 film Dil Se.., the first Bollywood film to chart in the UK top ten, and screened at the Berlin International Film Festival.  His directing career has also garnered international recognition with the biographical film Paan Singh Tomar, premiered at the 2010 BFI London Film Festival and the thriller drama Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster.

Paan Singh Tomar eventually went on to win the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in 2012. His sequel film Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster Returns gained critical acclaim. He is also well known for his role as Ramadhir Singh in Anurag Kashyap's modern cult film Gangs of Wasseypur. Dhulia holds a master's degree in theatre from the National School of Drama, at New Delhi.
Ayad al-Samarrai
Ayad al-Samarrai (Arabic: إياد السامرائي; born 1946) is a Sunni Arab Iraqi politician, who was the chairman of the Iraqi Accord Front parliamentary group, and since July 2011 is the Secretary-General of the Iraqi Islamic Party. He was elected as the Speaker of the Iraqi Parliament on April 19, 2009, and served until June 2010.

Constitution of Iraq
The Constitution of the Republic of Iraq (Arabic: دستور جمهورية العراق Kurdish: دەستووری عێراق) is the fundamental law of Iraq. The first constitution came into force in 1925. The current constitution was adopted on 18 September 2005 by the Transitional National Assembly of Iraq, and confirmed by constitutional referendum, held on 15 October 2005. It was published on 28 December 2005 in the Official Gazette of Iraq (No. 4012), in Arabic original, and thus came into force. An official translation into English for international use was produced in cooperation between Iraqi state authorities and the United Nations' Office for Constitutional Support. Since 2006, several proposals for adoption of various constitutional amendments were initiated. The Kurdish language is official at state level.
Julius Akosah
Julius Pongla Akosah (Chinese: 亞古沙 Akosah, born (1982-10-16)16 October 1982 ) is a Cameroonian footballer who currently plays as an amateur for Hong Kong Second Division club Fu Moon. His position was striker. He was once called up by Cameroon in 2006. Hong Kong football fans commonly use Agumon as a nickname for him because of his transcriptional name.

Kitchee SC
Kitchee Sports Club (Chinese: 傑志體育會; Jyutping: Git6zi3 Tai2juk6wui2; [kit̚˨ tsi˧ tʰɐj˧˥ jʊk̚˨ wuj˧˥]; pinyin: Jiézhì tǐyù huì) is a Hong Kong professional football club based in Kowloon. It was founded in 1931 and currently competes in the Hong Kong Premier League.

The club has won 12 league titles, including six Hong Kong First Division titles and six Hong Kong Premier League titles. They also won nine Senior Shields and seven Hong Kong FA Cups. The club is also the first Hong Kong club to win a game in AFC Champions League group stage and to advance to the round of 16 of the competition.
Diaeretiella
Diaeretiella rapae is a species of cosmopolitan parasitoid wasp. It parasitizes many species of aphids, but especially the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae. It is the only species in the genus Diaeretiella.

Other host aphids include Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Aphis gossypii, Aphis nasturtii, Aphis pomi, Aphis rumicis, Brachycolus asparagi, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Brachycaudus rumexicolens, Capitophonis, Dactynotus sp., Diuraphis noxius, Hayhurstia atriplicis, Hyadaphis foeniculi, Lipaphis erysimi, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Myzus certus, Myzus persicae, Protaphis sp., Rhopalosiphum fitchii, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum padi and Schizaphis graminum.

Lipaphis erysimi
Lipaphis erysimi is a species of aphid of the family Aphididae. Its common names include mustard aphid and turnip aphid. It is found in most temperate and tropical areas of the world and feeds only on cruciferous plants. The insects are almost exclusively female and are very prolific, with wingless females producing around one hundred young during a lifespan of a few weeks.
Schuchin (air base)
Schuchin is a former airbase of the Belarusian Air Force located near Shchuchyn, Grodno Region, Belarus.

The base was home to the:

10th Independent Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment between 1945 and 1993 with the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25 (ASCC: Foxbat), Sukhoi Su-24 (ASCC: Fencer) and Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 (ASCC: Fishbed)

129th Fighter Aviation Division between 1945 and 1952.
790th Fighter Aviation Regiment between 1945 and 1952 with the Lavochkin La-5, Lavochkin La-7 & Lavochkin La-9 (ASCC: Fritz).

157th Bomber Aviation Division between 1954 and 1961
993rd Bomber Aviation Regiment with Ilyushin Il-28 (ASCC: Beagle).
998th Bomber Aviation Regiment with Il-28.

979th Fighter Aviation Regiment between 1960 and 1989 with the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 (ASCC: Flogger).

151st Independent Aviation Regiment for Electronic Warfare between 1989 and 1993 with the MiG-25.

Belarusian Air Force
The Air Force and Air Defence Forces of the Republic of Belarus is a branch of Armed Forces of Belarus  tasked with conduction and countering air warfare. It was formed in 2001 by merging separate air force and air defense branches.

Belarus formed its air force in 1992 from the 26th Air Army of the Soviet Air Forces which had been serving in the Byelorussian SSR.
Selby Times
The Selby Times is a local weekly newspaper covering Selby and the surrounding district in North Yorkshire, England. It is a paid-for title published weekly on Thursdays, and is the sister paper to the Goole Times, with which it shares content and staff.

Selby District
Selby District was a local government district of North Yorkshire, England, from 1974 to 2023. Its council was based in the town of Selby. The district had a population of 83,449 at the 2011 Census. The southernmost district of North Yorkshire, it bordered the City of York unitary authority, the Borough of Harrogate in North Yorkshire, the City of Leeds and City of Wakefield districts in West Yorkshire, the City of Doncaster in South Yorkshire, and the ceremonial county of the East Riding of Yorkshire.
Damianowo
Damianowo [damjaˈnɔvɔ] (German: Damsdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Udanin, within Środa County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. The village was once an estate of the Richthofen family.

Richthofen family
The Richthofen family is an old and prominent German noble family, whose members held the title of Baron in Bohemia and Count in the Kingdom of Prussia. The most famous member is the air ace Manfred von Richthofen (1892–1918), also known as the "Red Baron", but a number of other members of his family are also notable for various reasons.
Anna Seniuk
Anna Seniuk (born 17 November 1942, in Stanisławów) is a Polish actress.

After World War II, together with other Poles from Stanisławów, she was forced by the Soviet government to leave her hometown, settling in the town of Zator, near Oświęcim. In 1964 Seniuk graduated from Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Teatralna (Academy for the Dramatic Arts) in Kraków and debuted in the renowned Helena Modrzejewska (Old Theatre). In the early 1970s, she moved to Warsaw, where she played in several theatres. Since 2003, she has been working there at the National Theatre.

Seniuk is known to Polish viewers mainly for her role of Magda Karwowska in the immensely popular 1970s Polish TV series Czterdziestolatek (The Forty-Year-Old). She has cooperated with Polish Radio and has been featured in more than 40 radio shows. Among her most famous film roles, there are appearances in such productions as Europa Europa, Potop and The Maids of Wilko.

Polskie Radio
The Polish Radio (PR; Polish: Polskie Radio, PR) is a national public-service radio broadcasting organization of Poland, founded in 1925. It is owned by the State Treasury of Poland. On 27 December 2023, the Minister of Culture and National Heritage, due to the President's veto on the financing of the company, placed it in liquidation.
Flag of South Australia
The current state flag of South Australia, was officially adopted in 1904.

The flag is based on the defaced British Blue Ensign with the state badge located in the fly. The badge is a gold disc featuring a piping shrike with its wings outstretched. The badge is believed to have been originally designed by Robert Craig, a teacher at the School of Arts in Adelaide, and officially gazetted on 14 January 1904.

Defacement (flag)
In vexillology, defacement is the addition of a symbol or charge to a flag. For example, the Australian flag is the British Blue Ensign defaced with a Southern Cross in the fly.

In the context of vexillology, the word "deface" carries no negative connotations, in contrast to general usage. It simply indicates a differentiation of the flag from that of another owner by addition of elements. For example, many state flags are formed by defacing the national flag with a coat of arms.
Honda G engine
The Honda G-series engine is a family of slanted inline-five cylinder gasoline engines. The engine family features a single overhead cam layout with 4 valves per cylinder. The engine's displacement varied from 2.0 L; 121.8 cu in (1,996 cc) to 2.5 L; 149.6 cu in (2,451 cc). The G-Series was originally used in the 1989 Honda Vigor, Honda Rafaga, Honda Ascot and Honda Inspire before being carried over to the Vigor's successor; the Acura TL, which used the G-Series family of engines from 1995 to 1998 in North America, and continued use in the JDM Honda Saber until 1998 as well.

Acura TL
The Acura TL is an entry-level luxury sedan that was manufactured by Acura, the luxury division of Honda. It was introduced in 1995 for the 1996 model year, to replace the Acura Vigor and was badged for the Japanese market from 1996 to 2000 as the Honda Inspire and from 1996 to 2004 as the Honda Saber. The TL was Acura's best-selling model until it was outsold by the MDX in 2007. In 2005, it ranked as the second best-selling luxury sedan in the United States behind the BMW 3 Series, but sales decreased after the 2008 model year. Four generations of the Acura TL were produced, with the final generation premiering in 2008 for the 2009 model year, and ending production in 2014, when it was replaced together with the TSX by the TLX.
Hericium flagellum
Hericium flagellum is a species of fungus in the family Hericiaceae native to Europe, first described by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli, and placed into its current genus by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon in 1797. It was confirmed—using sexual incompatibility studies—to be a distinct species from H. coralloides in 1983. Found in montane areas, typically on newly fallen trunks and stumps of fir (Abies species), especially silver fir with one study finding over half of recorded specimens growing on silver fir deadwood in high conservation value areas. Spores are 5–6.5 by 4.5–5.5 μm.

Fir
Firs are evergreen coniferous trees belonging to the genus Abies (Latin: [ˈabieːs]) in the family Pinaceae. There are approximately 48–65 extant species, found on mountains throughout much of North and Central America, Eurasia, and North Africa. The genus is most closely related to Keteleeria, a small genus confined to eastern Asia.

They are tall trees that can be distinguished from other members of the pine family by the way in which their needle-like leaves are attached singly to the branches with a circular base, and by their cones, which, like those of cedars, stand upright on the branches like candles and disintegrate at maturity.

The wood of firs is used for pulp to make paper, for plywood, and for indoor construction. Some species serve as Christmas trees, while others are used as decorative trees with their brightly coloured cones. In art, Lucas Cranach the Elder painted Madonna under the fir tree for Wrocław Cathedral in 1510.