hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of the Ukrainian minority in Poland
The history of the Ukrainian minority in Poland dates back to the Late Middle Ages, preceding the 14th century Galicia–Volhynia Wars between Casimir III the Great of Poland, and Liubartas of Lithuania. Following the extinction of the Rurikid dynasty in 1323, the Polish Kingdom extended further east in 1340 to include the lands of Przemyśl and in 1366, Kamianets-Podilskyi (Kamieniec Podolski). After the Union of Lublin (1569), principalities of Galicia and Western Volhynia became, what is known as, the Ruthenian Voivodeship of the Polish Crown, while the rest of Red Ruthenia together with Kyiv came under Lithuanian control. The Polish borders reached as far east as Zaporizhzhia, and Poltava.

Culture of medieval Poland
The culture of medieval Poland was closely linked to the Catholic Church and its involvement in the country's affairs, especially during the first centuries of the Polish state's history. Many of the oldest Polish customs and artifacts date from the Middle Ages, which in Poland lasted from the late 10th to late 15th century, and were followed by the Polish Renaissance.
Elk Knob (Watauga County, North Carolina)
Elk Knob is a mountain in the North Carolina High Country, north of the community of Meat Camp. Its elevation reaches 5,538 feet (1,688 m).

The mountain is the headwaters of the North Fork New River and feeder creeks to the South Fork New River (via Meat Camp Creek).  The mountain is home to Elk Knob State Park. Elk Knob is partially formed by amphibolites of the Ashe Metamorphic Suite and Alligator Back Metamorphic suite.

Meat Camp, North Carolina
Meat Camp is an unincorporated community located in Watauga County, North Carolina, United States.  It is supposedly named after a primitive packing house used by hunters since before the Revolutionary War.  Meat Camp has frequently been noted on lists of unusual place names. The community is located on Meat Camp Road (via NC 194), north of Boone.
Chandraswami
Tantrik Jagadacharya Chandraswami (born Nemichand Jain; 08 February 1935 – 23 May 2017) was an Indian Tantrik.

His father Dharamchand Gandhi Jain came from Behror in Alwar district of Rajasthan. The family moved to Hyderabad in 1960s when he was a child. Chandraswami was attracted to the study of Tantra from an early age.  He left home when still young to become a student of Upadhyay Amar Muni and the scholar of Tantra, Mahamohopadhyay Gopinath Kaviraj.  He later lived in the jungles of Bihar and Kathmandu where he spent time in meditation. He claimed that after four years he obtained extraordinary powers called siddhis.

Though Chandraswami was by birth a Jain, he became a "sadhaka" (worshipper) of the Goddess Kali. He was also interested in interfaith dialogue, and sat on the Board of World Religious Leaders for the Elijah Interfaith Institute.

Elijah Interfaith Institute
Elijah Interfaith Institute is a nonprofit, international, UNESCO-sponsored interfaith organization  founded by Alon Goshen-Gottstein in 1997. Headquartered in Jerusalem, Elijah has offices and representatives in different countries, and holds its activities in multiple international settings.
Japan Air Lines Flight 351
Japan Air Lines Flight 351 was a scheduled passenger flight from Tokyo Haneda Airport to Fukuoka that was hijacked by members of the Red Army Faction of the Japan Communist League on March 31, 1970, in an incident usually referred to in Japanese as the Yodogo Hijacking Incident (よど号ハイジャック事件, Yodogō Haijakku Jiken), after the aircraft's official Japan Airlines poetic nickname "Yodo" (meaning "still water").

Katana
A katana (刀, かたな; lit. 'one-sided blade') is a Japanese sword characterized by a curved, single-edged blade with a circular or squared guard and long grip to accommodate two hands. Developed later than the tachi, it was used by samurai in feudal Japan and worn with the edge facing upward. Since the Muromachi period, many old tachi were cut from the root and shortened, and the blade at the root was crushed and converted into a katana. The specific term for katana in Japan is uchigatana (打刀, うちがたな; lit. 'striking sword') and the term katana (刀) often refers to single-edged swords from around the world.
Gametocytogenesis
Gametocytogenesis is the creation of gametocytes by mitotic division of gametogonia. Males and females of a species that reproduces sexually have different forms of gametocytogenesis:

spermatocytogenesis (male)

oocytogenesis (female)

Female
An organism's sex is female (symbol: ♀) if it produces the ovum (egg cell), the type of gamete (sex cell) that fuses with the male gamete (sperm cell) during sexual reproduction.

A female has larger gametes than a male. Females and males are results of the anisogamous reproduction system, wherein gametes are of different sizes (unlike isogamy where they are the same size).

In species that have males and females, sex-determination may be based on either sex chromosomes, or environmental conditions. Most female mammals, including female humans, have two X chromosomes. Characteristics of organisms with a female sex vary between different species, having different female reproductive systems, with some species showing characteristics secondary to the reproductive system, as with mammary glands in mammals.

In humans, the word female can also be used to refer to gender in the social sense of gender role or gender identity.
Estanislao del Campo
Estanislao del Campo (February 7, 1834 – November 6, 1880) was an Argentine poet. Born in Buenos Aires to a unitarian family, he fought in the battles of Cepeda and Pavón, defending Buenos Aires.

He is best remembered for his 1866 satirical poem Fausto which describes the impressions of a gaucho who goes to see Charles Gounod's opera Faust, believing the events really to be happening. He also published his Collected Poems in 1870.

A street in the San Isidro neighbourhood in Buenos Aires is named after him. Estanislao del Campo is also the name of a small cotton-producing town in Formosa Province, Argentina.

Formosa Province
Formosa Province (Spanish pronunciation: [foɾˈmosa]) is a province in northeastern Argentina, part of the Gran Chaco Region. Formosa's northeast end touches Asunción, Paraguay, and the province borders the provinces of Chaco and Salta to its south and west, respectively. The capital is Formosa.
Lars-Arne Bölling
Lars-Arne Bölling, born Lars Arne Torsten 6 October 1944 in Sörsjön, Sweden, is a Swedish former cross-country skier competing for IFK Mora and Orsa IF at club level. He won Vasaloppet in 1970 and 1972. He became Swedish national champion in the 15 kilometers race in 1970, and in the 1973 30 kilometers race as well as the 1970 and 1971 50 kilometers races. He was also part of the IFK Mora team winning the Swedish national relay championship in 1970–1973, and in 1974 he won the same relay title with Orsa IF.

In 1970, he was awarded the Sixten Jernberg Award. and he also represented Sweden during the Olympic Winter Games of 1972 in Sapporo, where he ended up 9th in the 50 kilometers race. In 1973 he won the Marcialonga race in Italy.

He is the son Arne Bölling, who ended up second at Vasaloppet 1943, and the brother's son of Stig Bölling.

Vasaloppet
Vasaloppet (Swedish for 'the Vasa race') is an annual long distance cross-country ski race held on the first Sunday of March. The 90 km (56 mi) course starts in the village of Berga, just south of Sälen in western Dalarna, Sweden, and ends in the town of Mora in the central part of the province. It is the oldest cross-country ski race in the world, as well as the one with the highest number of participants.

The race was inspired by a notable journey King Gustav Vasa made from Mora to Sälen when he was fleeing from Christian II's soldiers during the winter of 1520–1521. According to legend, he fled on skis. The modern competition started in 1922 and it has been a part of the Worldloppet events since 1979.
Jack Barrett (hurler)
John Barrett (1 January 1911 – 16 February 1979) was an Irish hurler, selector and administrator. His career included All-Ireland Championship victories as a player and later as a selector with the Cork senior hurling team.

1953 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 1953 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 67th staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 3 May 1953 and ended on 7 September 1953.

Cork were the defending champions, and retained their All-Ireland crown following a 3–3 to 0–8 defeat of Galway in the final.
Frederick Ferdinand, Duke of Anhalt-Köthen
Frederick Ferdinand of Anhalt-Köthen (25 June 1769, in Pless – 23 August 1830, in Köthen) was a German prince, Ascanian ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Pless and, from 1818, of the duchy of Anhalt-Köthen. He was the second son of Frederick Erdmann, Prince of Anhalt-Pless, and his wife, Countess Louise Ferdinande of Stolberg-Wernigerode, daughter of Henry Ernest, Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode.

Stolberg-Wernigerode
The County of Stolberg-Wernigerode (German: Grafschaft Stolberg-Wernigerode) was a county of the Holy Roman Empire located in the Harz region around Wernigerode, now part of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was ruled by a branch of the House of Stolberg.
Beta particle
A beta particle, also called beta ray or beta radiation (symbol β), is a high-energy, high-speed electron or positron emitted by the radioactive decay of an atomic nucleus, known as beta decay. There are two forms of beta decay, β− decay and β+ decay, which produce electrons and positrons, respectively.

Beta particles with an energy of 0.5 MeV have a range of about one metre in the air; the distance is dependent on the particle's energy and the air's density and composition.

Beta particles are a type of ionizing radiation, and for radiation protection purposes, they are regarded as being more ionizing than gamma rays, but less ionizing than alpha particles. The higher the ionising effect, the greater the damage to living tissue, but also the lower the penetrating power of the radiation through matter.

Mean free path
In physics, mean free path is the average distance over which a moving particle (such as an atom, a molecule, or a photon) travels before substantially changing its direction or energy (or, in a specific context, other properties), typically as a result of one or more successive collisions with other particles.
Asmodeus X
Asmodeus X is an American electro-industrial band whose music is frequently characterized as a mixture of EBM and darkwave and typically includes the use of environmental sampling. Their style is said to be influenced by the music of Laibach, Kraftwerk, Death in June, and Front 242, among others. The vocals have been described as following in the EBM/synthpop tradition of being “somewhat flat”, lending a “darker edge” to the music. The band is promoted as “the original and ex officio 'Black Corps' of the industrial underground”.

Electro-industrial
Electro-industrial is a subgenre of post-industrial music that emerged in the early 1980s. It was originally pioneered by acts such as Front 242, Cabaret Voltaire, Front Line Assembly, Klinik, Numb, as well as groups from Canada, United States and the Benelux.

Other influential acts included Canadian band Skinny Puppy, who signed to label Nettwerk, which served as a central hub that helped proliferate the style. By the early 1990s, electro-industrial spawned the dark electro genre, and later the aggrotech offshoot. The fan base for the style is linked to the rivethead subculture.
Orthokaryotes
The Orthokaryotes (Cavalier-Smith 2017) are a proposed Eukaryote clade consisting of the Jakobea and the Neokaryotes. Together with its sister Discicristata it forms a basal Eukaryote clade. They are characterized by stacked Golgi, orthogonal centrioles, and two opposite posterior ciliary roots.

Jakobid
Jakobida is an order (sole order in the class Jakobea) of free-living, heterotrophic, flagellar eukaryotes in the clade Discoba. They are small (less than 15 μm), and can be found in aerobic and anaerobic environments. The order Jakobida, believed to be monophyletic, consists of only twenty species at present, and was classified as a group in 1993. There is ongoing research into the mitochondrial genomes of jakobids, which are unusually large and bacteria-like, evidence that jakobids may be important to the evolutionary history of eukaryotes.

Molecular phylogenetic evidence suggests strongly that jakobids are most closely related to Heterolobosea and Euglenozoa.
Phloen Chit BTS station
Phloen Chit station (Thai: สถานีเพลินจิต, pronounced [sā.tʰǎː.nīː pʰlɤ̄ːn t͡ɕìt]) is a BTS skytrain station, on the Sukhumvit Line in Pathum Wan District, Bangkok, Thailand. The station is located on Phloen Chit Road at Phloen Chit intersection, where Phloen Chit intersects with Witthayu Road next to the beginning of Sukhumvit Road. It is surrounded by hotels, skyscrapers, office towers and many embassies especially the British and American embassies on Wireless Road. It is connected by skywalk to Central Embassy.

Embassy of the United States, Bangkok
The Embassy of the United States in Bangkok (Thai: สถานเอกอัครราชทูตสหรัฐอเมริกาประจำประเทศไทย) is the diplomatic mission representing the United States in Thailand. At 11 acres, the embassy is the fourth largest US diplomatic mission, after Baghdad, Yerevan, and Beijing. Sean O'Neill is the current US Ambassador to Thailand, serving since November 2025.
Amsdorfians
The Amsdorfians were an early sect of Protestant Christians, who took their name from the 16th-century German reformer Nicolaus von Amsdorf. They maintained that good works were not only unprofitable, but obstacles, to salvation. The Amsdorfians were rigid confessionists.

Salvation
Salvation (from Latin: salvatio, from salva, 'safe, saved') is the state of being saved or protected from harm or a dire situation. In religion and theology, salvation generally refers to the deliverance of the soul from sin and its consequences. The academic study of salvation is called soteriology.
George Hahn (politician)
Frederick George Jacob Hahn (3 November 1911 – 5 February 1963) was a Social Credit party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Killaly, Saskatchewan and became a business executive, merchant, principal and teacher by career.

He was first elected at the New Westminster riding in the 1953 general election. He was re-elected there for a second and final term in the 1957 election. In 1958, Hahn was defeated by William McLennan of the Progressive Conservative party.

Hahn ran to succeed Solon Low at the 1961 Social Credit leadership convention but came in third. A few weeks prior to the convention, he unsuccessfully campaigned for another Parliament seat in a 29 May 1961 by-election at Esquimalt—Saanich. He placed fourth with 16% of the vote. He subsequently ran unsuccessfully in the 1962 election at Vancouver Centre.

Vancouver Centre (federal electoral district)
Vancouver Centre (French: Vancouver-Centre) is a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1917. It includes the neighbourhoods of downtown Vancouver, the West End, Yaletown, False Creek and Stanley Park. The riding is relatively gentrified due to policy efforts; it has some of the highest property values in Vancouver, a large business and commercial district with office buildings and a large LGBTQ population.
PVN
PVN can refer to:

An abbreviation for paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus

The Padvinders Vereniging Nederland (Pathfinder Association the Netherlands), one of the Scouting organisations that evolved into the Scouting Nederland

Polyvinyl nitrate

P. V. Narasimha Rao (1921–2004), former Prime Minister of India

Peter van Nieuwenhuizen, Dutch physicist and co-discoverer of supergravity

Petrovietnam national oil corporation of Vietnam

Pirates versus Ninjas

Pazov Vitaliy Nikolaevich

Peter van Nieuwenhuizen
Peter van Nieuwenhuizen (Dutch: [ˈpeːtər vɑ ˈniu.ə(n)ˌɦœyzə(n)]; born 26 October 1938) is a Dutch theoretical physicist. He is a distinguished Professor at Stony Brook University in the United States. Van Nieuwenhuizen is widely known for his contributions to string theory, supersymmetry, supergravity and field theory.

He is best known for his discovery of supergravity with Sergio Ferrara and Daniel Z. Freedman, for which he along with his collaborators won the Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics in 2019.
1884 United States presidential election in Oregon
The 1884 United States presidential election in Oregon took place on November 4, 1884. All contemporary 38 states were part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Voters chose three electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.

Oregon was won by Secretary of State James G. Blaine (R-Maine), running with Senator John A. Logan, with 50.99% of the vote, against Grover Cleveland, the 28th governor of New York, (D–New York), running with the former governor of Indiana Thomas A. Hendricks, with 46.70% of the popular vote. Blaine won the state by a narrow margin of 4.29%.

The Greenback and Anti-Monopoly Parties both chose major general and former governor of Massachusetts Benjamin Butler and Absolom M. West, an unseated Mississippi representative, received 1.38% of the popular vote.

The Prohibition party chose the 8th Governor of Kansas, John St. John and Maryland State Representative William Daniel, received 0.93% of the popular vote.

William Daniel (Maryland politician)
William Daniel (January 24, 1826 – October 13, 1897) was an American politician from the state of Maryland. A lawyer, he was a noted prohibitionist and abolitionist. He served in both houses of the Maryland state legislature, first as a Whig, and later as a member of the American Party. Later, as a Republican, he was a member of the convention that wrote Maryland's constitution in 1864. He helped found the Maryland Temperance Alliance in 1872 and served as its president for twelve years. Daniel was the vice presidential nominee and running mate of John St. John on the Prohibition Party ticket in the presidential election of 1884. Placing third in the election that year, he continued his involvement with the cause of temperance until his death in 1897.
Chris Dunn (athlete)
Christopher Williams Dunn (born May 7, 1951) is an American athlete. He attended Newark High School and Colgate University and competed in the men's high jump at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was inducted into the Delaware Sports Hall of Fame in 1989.

Dunn won the British AAA Championships title in the high jump event at the 1973 AAA Championships.

1973 AAA Championships
The 1973 AAA Championships was the 1973 edition of the annual outdoor track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association (AAA). It was held from 13 to 14 July 1973 at Crystal Palace National Sports Centre in London, England.
Melody (TV series)
Melody is a British preschool mixed-media music television series created by Luke Howard, and produced by Wish Films and LAAH Entertainment for the BBC. Designed with disabled children in mind, it features a little girl with a visual impairment as the main character. Melody is also available on BBC iPlayer for over a year.

Melody was developed with help from the RNIB Pears Centre in Coventry, which supports children with sight problems and additional needs. While helping to create the programme, the Pears Centre conducted research into animation and soundtracks that are easier for blind and partially sighted people to follow.

BBC iPlayer
BBC iPlayer (stylised as iPLAYER or BBC iPLAYER) is a video on demand service from the BBC. The service is available over-the-top on a wide range of devices, including mobile phones and tablets, personal computers and smart televisions. iPlayer services delivered to UK-based viewers are free from commercial advertising. To use the service, a valid TV Licence is required by law.

The terms BBC iPlayer, iPlayer, and BBC Media Player refer to various methods of viewing or listening to the same content. BBC iPlayer launched in 2007. Previously, a separate BBC iPlayer Radio brand was used for radio services but this was replaced with BBC Sounds in 2018. The current logo and rebranding to "iPLAYER" has been in use since 2021.

Currently, some programmes can be watched in UHD on iPlayer as part of an ongoing trial, as well as streaming major live events in 4K on iPlayer.
Intiö
Intiö is a district of the city centre area of Oulu, Finland. It is located on the southern bank of the Oulu River in between Myllytulli and Värttö districts.

Most of the area in Intiö is taken by the old military barracks area, which is nowadays used by Luovi Vocational College, and the Oulu Cemetery. New apartment blocks have been built along the riverside. The Intiö water tower, designed by architect J. S. Sirén, is a prominent landmark of Intiö.

Myllytulli
Myllytulli is a district of the city centre area of Oulu, Finland.

Myllytulli was mostly industrial area, which was rezoned mostly for residential use in 1984. Some of the old industrial buildings were preserved and renovated as museums such as Oulu Museum of Art, Tietomaa science centre, fire damaged Myllytulli power plant is being renovated as an art gallery. A large part of the neighbourhood is used by the Hupisaaret Islands park in the Oulu River delta. The Northern Ostrobothnia museum is located in the park.

Oulu Prison is located in Myllytulli.
Raspberry Magic
Raspberry Magic is a 2010 American independent drama film. Directed by Leena Pendharkar, produced by Megha Kadakia, it premiered at the Cinequest Film Festival. and the San Francisco International Asian American Film Festival

Cinequest Film & Creativity Festival
The Cinequest Film & Creativity Festival is a prestigious annual independent film festival held each March in San Jose, California and Redwood City, California. The international festival combines the cinematic arts with Silicon Valley’s innovation. It is produced by Cinequest, a not-for-profit 501(c)(3) organization that is also responsible for Picture The Possibilities and the distribution label Cinequest Mavericks Studio LLC. Cinequest awards the annual Maverick Spirit Awards. In addition to over 130 world or U.S. premieres from over 30 countries, the festival hosts writer's events including screenwriting competitions, a shorts program,  technology and artistic forums and workshops, student programs, and a silent film accompanied on the theatre organ. Founded in 1990 as the Cinequest Film Festival, the festival was rebranded in 2017 as the Cinequest Film & VR Festival and expanded beyond downtown San Jose to Redwood City. It took its present name in 2019.
1951 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)
The 1951 King's Birthday Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the official birthday of King George VI, were appointments made by the King on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were announced on 7 June 1951.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.

Alexandra, New Zealand
Alexandra (Māori: Manuherikia or Areketanara) is a town in the Central Otago district of the South Island of New Zealand. It is on the banks of the Clutha River (at the confluence of the Manuherikia River), on State Highway 8, 188 kilometres (117 mi) by road from Dunedin and 33 kilometres (21 mi) south of Cromwell. The nearest towns to Alexandra via state highway 8 are Clyde seven kilometres to the northwest and Roxburgh forty kilometres to the south. State highway 85 also connects Alexandra to Omakau, Lauder, Oturehua, Ranfurly and on to Palmerston on the East Otago coast.

The town of Alexandra is home to 5,860 people as of June 2025.