hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Diamond Island (Tasmania)
Diamond Island also known locally as Cod Rock, is a low granite island with an area of 6.76 ha. Diamond Island lies roughly 200m off the central east coast of Tasmania and has a maximum elevation of 9m.

It is located just off the town of Bicheno. Depending on the tide it is connected to the mainland by a sand spit during which time it is accessible by foot. It is a nature reserve.

Spit (landform)
A spit or sandspit is a deposition bar or beach landform off coasts or lake shores. It develops in places where re-entrance occurs, such as at a cove's headlands, by the process of longshore drift by longshore currents. The drift occurs because waves meet the beach at an oblique angle, moving sediment down the beach in a zigzag pattern. This is complemented by longshore currents, which further transport sediment through the water alongside the beach. These currents are caused by the same waves that cause the drift.
Records and statistics of the Comrades Marathon
The Comrades Marathon's fastest recorded times are 5:13:58 for men (Tete Dijana, 2023 down run) and 5:44:54 for women (Gerda Steyn, 2023 down run). Steyn also holds the up-run record, becoming the first woman to break 6 hours with her 5:49:46 in 2024. The most gold medals earned in the women's race is 13 by Elena Nurgalieva, while Allan Robb leads the men's race with 12.

The race also highlights endurance over decades. Louis Massyn has completed 50 Comrades Marathons — the most in history. In 2023 Johannes Maros Mosehla became the oldest known finisher aged 81, a record he extended in 2024 and 2025. He beat the record held by Wally Hayward, who completed the race at age 80 in 1989, 58 years after his first win.

Tete Dijana
Tete Morena Dijana (born 1988) is a South African ultramarathon runner who won the Comrades Marathon in 2022, 2023 and 2025.

Originally from Mahikeng in the North West province, Dijana quit his job as a security guard at North-West University to focus on running.
Live in Verona (Deep Purple album)
Live in Verona is a 2014 live album and concert film by English hard rock band Deep Purple's mk VIII lineup credited as Deep Purple with Orchestra, and performed alongside the Neue Philharmonie Frankfurt conducted by Stephen Bentley-Klein. It was recorded at the Arena di Verona, a Roman amphitheater originally built in 30 AD, on 18 July 2011. It was released as a Blu-ray and DVD on 21 October 2014 by Eagle Rock Entertainment, and as a CD in Japan on 8 October 2014 by Ward Records.

Roger Glover
Roger David Glover (born 30 November 1945) is a Welsh bassist, songwriter, and record producer. He is best known as a member of the hard rock bands Deep Purple and Rainbow. As a member of Deep Purple, Glover was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2016.
Solute pumping
Solute pumping is a form of active transport of a solute through a cell membrane. Solute pumping allows a molecule that cannot regularly cross the lipid bilayer (because of concentration gradient, polarity, or other reasons) to enter the cell by way of a protein channel. Unlike diffusion (a form of passive transport), solute pumping requires energy (provided by ATP) to change the shape of the protein channel to allow the molecule to pass through, which is why it is an active transport mechanism.

Ion channel
Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore. Their functions include establishing a resting membrane potential, shaping action potentials and other electrical signals by gating the flow of ions across the cell membrane, controlling the flow of ions across secretory and epithelial cells, and regulating cell volume. Ion channels are present in the membranes of all cells. Ion channels are one of the two classes of ionophoric proteins, the other being ion transporters.

The study of ion channels often involves biophysics, electrophysiology, and pharmacology, while using techniques including voltage clamp, patch clamp, immunohistochemistry, X-ray crystallography, fluoroscopy, and RT-PCR. Their classification as molecules is referred to as channelomics.
Gakona Roadhouse
The Gakona Roadhouse is a historic traveler service facility in Gakona, Alaska, at mile 205 of the Glenn Highway.  It is a 1-1/2 log structure with a gabled roof covered in corrugated metal. A shed-roof addition extends to the main block's east side.  The roadhouse was built c. 1904, during the construction by the United States Army of the Trans-Alaska Military Road between Valdez and Eagle.  This roadhouse was strategically located at a place where that road diverged from the old Eagle Trail, used by miners to reach the gold rush fields of the Yukon River.  The original 1904 structure is used for storage; the present roadhouse facilities are provided by later (1920s) structures.

The roadhouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

Valdez, Alaska
Valdez (/vælˈdiːz/ val-DEEZ; Alutiiq: Suacit) is a city in the Chugach Census Area in the U.S. state of Alaska. In 2020, the population of Valdez was 3,985, up slightly from 3,976 in 2010. It is the third most populated city in Alaska's Unorganized Borough.

Valdez was named in 1790 after the Spanish Navy Minister Antonio Valdés y Fernández Bazán. A former Gold Rush town, it is located at the head of Port Valdez on the eastern side of Prince William Sound. Valdez was incorporated in 1901, and flourished after the road link to Fairbanks was constructed in 1910. It suffered catastrophic damage during the 1964 Alaska earthquake, and is located near the site of the disastrous 1989 Exxon Valdez oil tanker spill. Today, it is one of the most important ports in Alaska, a commercial fishing port as well as a freight terminal. Valdez is the terminus for the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System.
Strand (programming language)
Strand is a high-level symbolic language for parallel computing, similar in syntax to Prolog.

Artificial Intelligence Ltd were awarded the British Computer Society Award for Technical Innovation 1989 for Strand88.
The language was created by computer scientists Ian Foster and Stephen Taylor.

Ian Foster (computer scientist)
Ian Tremere Foster (born 1 January 1959) is a New Zealand-American computer scientist. He is a distinguished fellow, senior scientist, and director of the Data Science and Learning division at Argonne National Laboratory, and a professor in the department of computer science at the University of Chicago.
Abelsonite
Abelsonite is a nickel porphyrin mineral with chemical formula  C31H32N4Ni. It was discovered in 1969 in the U.S. State of Utah and described in 1975. The mineral is named after geochemist Philip H. Abelson. It is the only known crystalline geoporphyrin.

Geochemistry
Geochemistry is the science that uses the tools and principles of chemistry to explain the mechanisms behind major geological systems such as the Earth's crust and its oceans.: 1  The realm of geochemistry extends beyond the Earth, encompassing the entire Solar System, and has made important contributions to the understanding of a number of processes including mantle convection, the formation of planets and the origins of granite and basalt.: 1  It is an integrated field of chemistry and geology.
42nd Indian Brigade
The 42nd Indian Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Indian Army that saw active service with the Indian Army during the First World War.  It served in the Mesopotamian Campaign on the Euphrates Front throughout its existence.  It was not reformed for the Second World War.

1st (Peshawar) Division
The 1st (Peshawar) Division was a Regular Division of the British Indian Army formed as a result of the Kitchener reforms of the Indian Army in 1903. During World War I, the Division remained in India for local defense, but was mobilized for action on the North West Frontier on several occasions.

The Division was a part of the Northern Army, later called the Northern Command. In 1919, the Division was mobilized for operations in Afghanistan during the Third Afghan War. Typical of most Indian Army formations, it contained a mixture of British and Indian units; but, unlike British Divisions, it contained a mixture of cavalry and infantry components.
Methylmalonic acid semialdehyde
Methylmalonic acid semialdehyde is an intermediate in the metabolism of thymine and valine. It is a substrate of the enzyme methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acylating), which converts it to propionyl-CoA.

Valine
Valine (symbol Val or V) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH3+ form under biological conditions), an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated −COO− form under biological conditions), and a side chain isopropyl group, making it a non-polar aliphatic amino acid. Valine is essential in humans, meaning the body cannot synthesize it; it must be obtained from dietary sources which are foods that contain proteins, such as meats, dairy products, soy products, beans and legumes. It is encoded by all codons starting with GU (GUU, GUC, GUA, and GUG).
2013 Dahsyatnya Awards
The 2013 Dahsyatnya Awards was an awards show for Indonesian musicians. It was the fifth annual show. The show was held on January 21, 2013, at the Jakarta International Expo in Kemayoran, Central Jakarta. The awards show was hosted by Raffi Ahmad, Olga Syahputra, Ayu Dewi, Denny Cagur, Marcel Chandrawinata, Gisella Anastasia, Melaney Ricardo, Ajun Perwira, Kevin Julio, and Olla Ramlan. The awards ceremonies will held theme for "Wujudkan Kedahsyatan Cinta".

Noah led the nominations with four categories, followed by Ungu with three nominations. Andien was the biggest winner of the night, taking home two awards for Outstanding Video Clip and Outstanding Video Clip Director, both for "Gemilang".

Denny Cagur
Denny Wahyudi (born 29 August 1977), commonly known as Denny Cagur, is an Indonesian politician, actor, comedian and presenter. He first came into the public eye in 1997 as a member of the comedy group The Cagur Band, with Wendy Armoko and Narji.
Tax protester 861 argument
The 861 argument is a statutory argument used by tax protesters in the United States, which interprets a portion of the Internal Revenue Code as invalidating certain applications of income tax. The argument has uniformly been held by courts to be incorrect, and persons who have cited the argument as a basis for refusing to pay income taxes have been penalized, and in some cases jailed.

Tax protester statutory arguments
Tax protesters in the United States have advanced a number of arguments asserting that the assessment and collection of the federal income tax violates statutes enacted by the United States Congress and signed into law by the President. Such arguments generally claim that certain statutes fail to create a duty to pay taxes, that such statutes do not impose the income tax on wages or other types of income claimed by the tax protesters, or that provisions within a given statute exempt the tax protesters from a duty to pay.

These statutory arguments are distinguished from, although related to, constitutional, administrative and general conspiracy arguments. Statutory arguments presuppose that Congress has a constitutional power to tax income (and typically accept the validity of the 16th Amendment, unlike some other theories) but has not passed a statute doing so, or has done so in a way that renders certain types of income not liable to taxation.
Ingi Jónsson
Ingi Jónsson (born 1 November 1962) is an Icelandic butterfly and freestyle swimmer. He competed in three events at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, the Men's 100 metres Freestyle, Men's 200 metres Freestyle, and Men's 100 metres Butterfly, in which he placed 55th, 47th, and 43rd in, respectively.

Swimming at the 1984 Summer Olympics
The swimming competitions of the 1984 Summer Olympics were held at the McDonald's Olympic Swim Stadium, located on the University of Southern California (USC) campus. There were a total of 494 participants from 67 countries competing.

This was the first Olympic Games at which only two swimmers per country, per event, were permitted; previously, three swimmers were allowed and many countries would sweep the medal stand. In addition, the 200-metre individual medley for both men and women returned to the program from a twelve-year absence, following a proposal by the United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee (USOPC).
Northern Michigan Football League
The Northern Michigan Football League is an interscholastic athletic conference affiliated with the Michigan High School Athletic Association. It is located in Northern Michigan and contains seventeen teams that encompasses fourteen counties: Antrim, Benzie, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Crawford, Emmet, Grand Traverse, Iosco, Kalkaska, Leelanau, Mackinac, Ogemaw and Otsego.

Kalkaska County, Michigan
Kalkaska County (/kælˈkæskə/ kal-KASS-kə) is located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, its population was 17,939. The county seat is Kalkaska.

Kalkaska County is part of the Traverse City metropolitan area. Although it is located in Michigan's Lower Peninsula, Kalkaska County is considered part of Northern Michigan.
Boys Don't Cry (Rumer album)
Boys Don't Cry is the second album by Rumer, produced by Steve Brown. It was released on 28 May 2012. The album is a selection of songs by artist/writers from the 1970s period. Rumer covers  works by male artists such as Jimmy Webb, Todd Rundgren, Terry Reid, Tim Hardin, Richie Havens, Gilbert O'Sullivan and others.

Tim Hardin
James Timothy Hardin (December 23, 1941 – December 29, 1980) was an American folk music and blues singer-songwriter and guitarist. In addition to his own success, his songs "If I Were a Carpenter", "Reason to Believe", "Misty Roses" and "The Lady Came from Baltimore" were hits for other artists.

Hardin was raised in Oregon and had no interest in school, withdrawing before graduating from high school, and joining the Marines. After his discharge, he moved to Greenwich Village and Cambridge, where he played and recorded several albums. He also performed at the Newport Folk Festival and at Woodstock. He struggled with drug abuse throughout most of his adult life and his live performances were sometimes erratic. He was planning a comeback when he died in late 1980 from an accidental heroin overdose.
Indefinite sum
In the calculus of finite differences, the indefinite sum operator (also known as the antidifference operator), denoted by  or , is the linear operator that is the inverse of the forward difference operator . It relates to the forward difference operator as the indefinite integral relates to the derivative. Thus,

If , then

The solution is not unique; it is determined only up to an additive periodic function with period 1. Therefore, each indefinite sum represents a family of functions.

The Nørlund principal solution represents the analytic solution without any such non-constant periodic terms. Two conventions exist, one for the forward difference, , and one for the backward difference, . The inverse forward difference, denoted , naturally extends the summation up to . The inverse backward difference, denoted , naturally extends the summation up to .

Periodic function
A periodic function is a function that repeats its values at regular intervals. For example, the trigonometric functions, which are used to describe waves and other repeating phenomena, are periodic. Many aspects of the natural world have periodic behavior, such as the phases of the Moon, the swinging of a pendulum, and the beating of a heart.

The length of the interval over which a periodic function repeats is called its period. Any function that is not periodic is called aperiodic.
Webometrics Ranking of World Universities
The Webometrics Ranking of World Universities, also known as Ranking Web of Universities, is a ranking system for the world's universities based on a composite indicator that takes into account both the volume of the Web content (number of web pages and files) and the visibility and impact of these web publications according to the number of external inlinks (site citations) they received.   The ranking is published by the Cybermetrics Lab, a research group of the Spanish National Research Council located in Madrid.

The aim of the ranking is to improve the presence of the academic and research institutions on the Web and to promote the open access publication of scientific results. The ranking started in 2004 and is updated every January and July. As of 2021 it provides Web indicators for more than 31,000 universities worldwide.

The Webometrics Ranking of Business Schools is a similar ranking of the world's Business Schools.

Academy
An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek: Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of tertiary education. The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, founded c. 386 BC at Akademia, a sanctuary of Athena, the goddess of wisdom and skill, north of Athens, Greece. The Royal Spanish Academy defines an academy as a scientific, literary or artistic society established with public authority and as a teaching establishment, public or private, of a professional, artistic, technical or simply practical nature.
International Relations Council
The International Relations Council (IRC) is a non-profit (501(c)(3)) non-partisan educational organization in Kansas City, Missouri, and a member of the World Affairs Councils of America. As an educational nonprofit, the IRC works in partnership with a range of businesses, universities, community organizations, K-12 schools, and other interested individuals to grow a global perspective and find international connections within the Greater Kansas City metropolitan area. The IRC works to foster interest in an understanding of international affairs among the citizens of Kansas City through the development of various programs and events. As a membership organization, the IRC welcomes individuals and families, businesses, universities, and other organizations to join as IRC members in order to help sustain global-affairs education in the Kansas City community and receive various benefits.

Nonpartisanship
Nonpartisanship, also known as nonpartisanism, is a lack of affiliation with a political party and a lack of political bias.

While an Oxford English Dictionary definition of partisan includes adherents of a party, cause, person, etc., in most cases, nonpartisan refers specifically to political party connections rather than being the strict antonym of "partisan".
Smoky Cape Lighthouse
Smoky Cape Lighthouse is a heritage-listed active lighthouse located on Smoky Cape, a headland in Arakoon east of the town of South West Rocks, Kempsey Shire, New South Wales, Australia, and within the Hat Head National Park. It directs boats towards the entrance to the Macleay River, which is located just to the north of the lighthouse.

It is one of the last major lighthouse complexes designed by the New South Wales colonial architect of the time, James Barnet, and was one of Australia's last lighthouses to be designed for architectural excellence. 
Standing on a granite headland 111 metres (364 ft) above the sea, its light is the highest in New South Wales.

It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

James Barnet
James Johnstone Barnet, (1827 in Almericlose, Arbroath, Scotland – 16 December 1904 in Forest Lodge, Sydney, New South Wales) was the Colonial Architect for Colonial New South Wales, serving from 1862 to 1890.
Kondrovo
Kondrovo (Russian: Кондрово) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Kondrovo, Kaluga Oblast, a town in Dzerzhinsky District of Kaluga Oblast

Rural localities

Kondrovo, Tula Oblast, a village in Khitrovskaya Rural Administration of Uzlovsky District in Tula Oblast

Uzlovsky District
Uzlovsky District  (Russian: Узло́вский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-three in Tula Oblast, Russia. Within the framework of municipal divisions, it is incorporated as Uzlovsky Municipal District. It is located in the east of the oblast. The area of the district is 567 square kilometers (219 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Uzlovaya. Population: 85,173 (2010 Census);  11,046 (2002 Census); 13,284 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Uzlovaya accounts for 64.9% of the district's total population.
Plectin
Plectin is a giant protein found in nearly all mammalian cells which acts as a link between the three main components of the cytoskeleton: actin microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments.  In addition, plectin links the cytoskeleton to junctions found in the plasma membrane that structurally connect different cells. By holding these different networks together, plectin plays an important role in maintaining the mechanical integrity and viscoelastic properties of tissues.

Cytokeratin
Cytokeratins are keratin proteins found in the intracytoplasmic cytoskeleton of epithelial tissue. They are an important component of intermediate filaments, which help cells resist mechanical stress.  Expression of these cytokeratins within epithelial cells is largely specific to particular organs or tissues. Thus they are used clinically to identify the cell of origin of various human tumors.
Tachypleus gigas
Tachypleus gigas, commonly known as the Indo-Pacific horseshoe crab, Indonesian horseshoe crab, Indian horseshoe crab, or southern horseshoe crab, is one of the four extant (living) species of horseshoe crab. It is found in coastal water in South and Southeast Asia at depths to 40 m (130 ft).

Salinity
Salinity (/səˈlɪnɪti/) is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity). It is usually measured in g/L or g/kg (grams of salt per liter/kilogram of water; the latter is dimensionless and equal to ‰).

Salinity is an important factor in determining many aspects of the chemistry of natural waters and of biological processes within it, and is a thermodynamic state variable that, along with temperature and pressure, governs physical characteristics like the density and heat capacity of the water. These in turn are important for understanding ocean currents and heat exchange with the atmosphere.

A contour line of constant salinity is called an isohaline, or sometimes isohale.
World Tourism rankings
The World Tourism rankings are compiled by the United Nations World Tourism Organization as part of their World Tourism Barometer publication, which is released up to six times per year. It ranks destinations by the number of international visitor arrivals, by the revenue generated by inbound tourism, and by the expenditure of outbound travelers.

Cost
Cost is the value of money that has been used up to produce something or deliver a service, and hence is not available for use anymore. In business, the cost may be one of acquisition, in which case the amount of money expended to acquire it is counted as cost. In this case, money is the input that is gone in order to acquire the thing. This acquisition cost may be the sum of the cost of production as incurred by the original producer, and further costs of transaction as incurred by the acquirer over and above the price paid to the producer. Usually, the price also includes a mark-up for profit over the cost of production.

More generalized in the field of economics, cost is a metric that is totaling up as a result of a process or as a differential for the result of a decision.  Hence cost is the metric used in the standard modeling paradigm applied to economic processes.

Costs (pl.) are often further described based on their timing or their applicability.