hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shirley Heinze Land Trust
The Shirley Heinze Land Trust, originally known as the Shirley Heinze Environmental Fund,  is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit land trust dedicated to the preservation of natural areas in Northwest Indiana.  The Heinze Trust manages more than 4,000 acres of protected land in Lake, Porter, LaPorte, St. Joseph, Starke, and Marshall Counties in Indiana.  Its preserves include a wide range of dune, wetland, prairie, and forest ecosystems.

Due to the heavily developed nature of the Calumet Region, many of the Heinze Trust's parcels are entirely surrounded by industrial or residential development.  Many of the preserves were severely degraded when first acquired, and the Heinze Trust has engaged in a wide range of restoration activities in order to restore them to ecological viability.  The Heinze Trust's preserves include six designated Indiana Nature Preserves, some of which were purchased with funds from the Indiana Heritage Trust.

Chesterton, Indiana
Chesterton is a town in Westchester, Jackson and Liberty townships in Porter County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 14,242 at the 2020 Census. The three towns of Chesterton, Burns Harbor, and Porter are known as the Duneland area.
Hot Baby
Hot Baby is a mini-album by South Korean girl group BESTie. It was released on July 28, 2014 by YNB Entertainment and distributed by Loen Entertainment as the group's first mini-album. On August 29, it was re-released as I Need You (Korean: 니가 필요해; RR: Niga Piryohae).

Duble Sidekick
Duble Sidekick (Korean: 이단옆차기; RR: Idanyeopchagi) is a South Korean music producer and songwriting duo consisting of lyricist Park Jang-geun and composer Mikey (also known as Chancellor and formerly a member of One Way). The duo was formed in 2010, and rose to fame after producing MBLAQ's 2012 EP 100% Ver. Since then, they have produced many hit songs. From 2011 to 2013, the pair also produced songs under the mantle of 우리형과 내동생, reserved for music with a softer and sweeter atmosphere. In late 2012, they expanded their team to include more composers and started their own entertainment agency called Duble Kick Entertainment. Wellmade Yedang became the agency's largest shareholder in May 2014.
Taima, Nara
Taima (當麻町, Taima-chō) was a town located in Kitakatsuragi District, Nara Prefecture, Japan.

On October 1, 2004, Taima, along with the town of Shinjō (also from Kitakatsuragi District), was merged to create the city of Katsuragi.

Nara Prefecture
Nara Prefecture (奈良県, Nara-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜ.ɾa, na.ɾaꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu. As of 2020, Nara Prefecture has a population of 1,321,805 and has a geographic area of 3,691 square kilometres (1,425 sq mi). Nara Prefecture borders Kyoto Prefecture to the north, Osaka Prefecture to the northwest, Wakayama Prefecture to the southwest, and Mie Prefecture to the east.

Nara is the capital and largest city of Nara Prefecture, with other major cities including Kashihara, Ikoma, and Yamatokōriyama. Nara Prefecture is located in the center of the Kii Peninsula on Japan's Pacific Ocean coast, and is one of only eight landlocked prefectures. Nara Prefecture has the distinction of having more UNESCO World Heritage listings than any other prefecture in Japan.
France–Switzerland border
The France–Switzerland border  is 572 km (355 mi) long. Its current path is mostly the product of the Congress of Vienna of 1815, with the accession of Geneva, Neuchâtel and Valais to the Swiss Confederation, but it has since been modified in detail, the last time being in 2002. Although most of the border, marked with border stones, is unguarded, several checkpoints remain staffed, most notably on busy roads.

Leymen
Leymen (French pronunciation: [laimən]; German: Leimen) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France. The commune is served by Leymen station, on line 10 of the Basel tramway between Rodersdorf and Flüh, and until December 2017 was the only such station to be located on French soil.
Fencing at the 2011 Pan American Games – Women's épée
The women's épée competition of the fencing events at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Mexico, was held on October 26 at the Multipurpose Gymnasium. The defending champion was Courtney Hurley from the United States.

The épée competition consisted of a qualification round followed by a single-elimination bracket with a bronze medal match between the two semifinal losers. Fencing was done to 15 touches or to the completion of three three-minute rounds if neither fencer reached 15 touches by then. At the end of time, the higher-scoring fencer was the winner; a tie resulted in an additional one-minute sudden-death time period. This sudden-death period was further modified by the selection of a draw-winner beforehand; if neither fencer scored a touch during the minute, the predetermined draw-winner won the bout.

Épée
The épée (/ˈɛpeɪ, ˈeɪ-/, French: [epe]; lit. 'sword'), also rendered as epee in English, is the largest and heaviest of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. The modern épée derives from the 19th-century épée de combat, a weapon which itself derives from the French small sword.

As a thrusting weapon, the épée is similar to a foil (contrasted with a sabre, which is designed for slashing). It has a stiffer blade than a foil. It is triangular in cross-section with a V-shaped groove called a fuller. The épée also has a larger bell guard designed to protect the user’s arm. In addition to the larger "bell" guard and blade, the épée weighs more than the foil and sabre which contributes to its reputation of being the slowest form of fencing. The techniques of use differ, as there are no rules regarding priority and a lack of right of way. Thus, immediate counterattacks are a common feature of épée fencing. The entire body is a valid target area.
Bob's Lake (Hastings County)
Bob's Lake is a lake in Wollaston, Hastings County in Central Ontario, Canada. It is in the Great Lakes Basin and is part of the Crowe River system. The nearest settlement is Rose Island to the southwest, in the adjacent municipality of North Kawartha in Peterborough County.

Hastings County
Hastings County is a county and census division of the Canadian province of Ontario. Geographically, it is located on the border of Eastern Ontario and Central Ontario. Hastings County is the second-largest county in Ontario, after Renfrew County. Its county seat is Belleville, which is, along with Quinte West, independent of Hastings County.

Hastings County has trademarked the moniker "Cheese Capital of Canada".
Nauman Anwar
Nauman Anwar (born 12 October 1995) is a Pakistani cricketer. He represents Sialkot Stallions in domestic cricket. He was leading scorer (270) in his debut 2015 Haier Super 8 T20 Cup. He had played just 4 First-class, 3 List A and 5 Twenty20 games before being selected in the Pakistan squad for the Zimbabwe series in 2015.

He made his Twenty20 International debut for Pakistan against Zimbabwe in Lahore on 24 May 2015 and scored a whirlwind 18 off 10 balls.

He was the leading run-scorer for Lahore Whites in the 2018–19 Quaid-e-Azam One Day Cup, with 286 runs in seven matches. Now he plays in the United States for the Seattle Orcas.

2015 Super 8 Twenty20 Cup
The Super 8 T20 Cup 2015 was the fourth season of the Haier Super 8 T20 Cup. The Twenty20 tournament was played from May 11 to 18, 2015, at the Iqbal Stadium in Faisalabad.

Sialkot Stallions won the tournament, defeating Lahore Lions by 74 runs in the final.
Batongguan Historic Trail
Batongguan Historic Trail (traditional Chinese: 八通關古道; simplified Chinese: 八通关古道; pinyin: Bātōngguān Gǔdào; romanized: Pattonkan Kodō) is the name of two trails crossing the Central Mountain Range from Zhushan, Nantou to Yuli, Hualien in Taiwan. The first iteration of the trail was built in the Qing dynasty and was abandoned; a second was built in the Japanese era. Both were built for the government to control the indigenous population living in the mountains. Though the two trails rarely overlap, they are often referred to by the same name.

Yu Shan
Yu Shan or Yushan, Tongku Saveq, Mount Niitaka (during Japanese rule), and Mount Morrison before Japanese rule, is the highest mountain in Taiwan at 3,952 m (12,966 ft) above sea level, giving Taiwan the 4th-highest maximum elevation of any island in the world. It is the highest point in the western Pacific region outside of the Kamchatka Peninsula. Yushan and its surrounding mountains belong to the Yushan Range. The area was once in the ocean; it rose to its current height because of the Eurasian Plate's movement over the Philippine Sea Plate. Yushan is ranked 40th by topographic isolation.

The mountains are now protected as the Yushan National Park. The national park is Taiwan's largest, highest, and least accessible national park. It contains the largest tract of wilderness remaining on the island.
Philip Hoare (cricketer)
Phillip David Baxter Hoare (born 29 November 1962) is a former English cricketer. Hoare was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Bedford, Bedfordshire.

Hoare made his debut for Bedfordshire against Hertfordshire in the 1985 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1985 to 1999, making 106 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 30 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Gloucestershire in the 1985 NatWest Trophy. He made 6 further List A appearances, the last of which came against Derbyshire in the 1999 NatWest Trophy. In his 7 List A matches, he scored 52 runs at an average of 10.40, with a high score of 17. With the ball, he took 2 wickets at a bowling average of 32.00, with best figures of 2/64.

His father, David, also played for Bedfordshire.

Bedfordshire County Cricket Club
Bedfordshire County Cricket Club is one of 20 Minor County clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Bedfordshire.

The team is currently a member of the Minor Counties Championship Eastern Division and plays in the MCCA Knockout Trophy. Bedfordshire played List A matches occasionally from 1967 until 2005 but is not classified as a List A team.
LocalWiki
LocalWiki is a collaborative project that aims to collect and open the world's local knowledge.  The LocalWiki project was founded by DavisWiki creators Mike Ivanov and Philip Neustrom  and is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization based in San Francisco, California. LocalWiki is both the name of the project and the software that runs the project's websites.

Community of place
A community of place or place-based community is a community of people who are bound together because of where they reside, work, visit or otherwise spend a continuous portion of their time. Such a community can be a neighborhood, town, coffeehouse, workplace, gathering place, public space or any other geographically specific place that a number of people share, have in common or visit frequently. A community offers many appealing features of a broader social relationship: Safety, familiarity, support and loyalties as well as appreciation. Appreciation that is founded on efforts and contribution to the community, rather than the efforts, rank or status of an individual.

Advances in technology, transportation and communication have evolved the concept of place and the limits society once had in interactions with one another. With these advances, barriers have been lifted and distance is no longer such a great factor in anchoring the flow of people, goods or information.
Granite Wash Pass
Granite Wash Pass is a gap between the Granite Wash Mountains and the Little Harquahala Mountains, in La Paz County, Arizona. Granite Wash Pass is located at the southwest end of the Granite Wash Mountains and the northwest end of the Little Harquahala Mountains. The apex of the pass is at an elevation of 1,834 feet/559 meters.

Gap (landform)
A gap is a geological formation that is a low point or opening between hills or mountains or in a ridge or mountain range.

It may be called a col, notch, pass, saddle, water gap, or wind gap. Geomorphologically, a gap is most often carved by water erosion from a freshet, stream or a river. Gaps created by freshets are often, if not normally, devoid of water through much of the year, their streams being dependent upon the meltwaters of a snow pack. Gaps sourced by small springs will generally have a small stream excepting perhaps during the most arid parts of the year.

Water gaps of necessity often cut entirely through a barrier range and riverine gaps may create canyons such as the riverine gaps of the Danube River, Lehigh River Gorge, the Colorado River's Grand Canyon and the Genesee River. Such cuttings may expose millennia of strata in the local rock column writing the geologic record.
2016 NRJ Music Awards
The 2016 NRJ Music Awards was the 18th edition of the NRJ Music Awards, which took place on November 12, 2016, at the Palais des Festivals, in Cannes, France. The ceremony was broadcast live, but with a 5 to 15-minute delay due to terrorist threats, on TF1 and NRJ, and hosted by Nikos Aliagas.

NRJ
Nouvelle Radio Jeune (Acronym: NRJ, French pronunciation: [enɛʁʒi], lit. 'energy') is a private French radio station created by Jean-Paul Baudecroux and Max Guazzini in June 1981. Widely popularized by its "godmother", singer Dalida, who prevented it from closing in 1984, the radio station currently belongs to the NRJ Group and is the founding station of NRJ International. NRJ is present in more than 15 countries and has on weekly basis more than 30 million listeners.

The main station only focuses on current chart hits throughout the day and electronic dance music during some weekend late night hours. Talk programs are based every evening except Saturday. In contrast, its web radios are devoted to a vast range of music: rap, RnB, dance, hip-hop, electronic, top 40, urban and rock.
Archil Tsagareli
Archil Tsagareli (Georgian: არჩილ ცაგარელი; December 5, 1913 – November 25, 1988) was a prominent Georgian geologist. Member of the Georgian Academy of Sciences (1969). Honorary member of the Geological Society of London (1975). Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences (1951), professor (1954), Honored Scientist of the Georgian SSR (1966).

Geological Society of London
The Geological Society of London, known commonly as the Geological Society, is a learned society based in the United Kingdom. It is the oldest national geological society in the world and the largest in Europe, with more than 12,000 Fellows.

Fellows are entitled to the postnominal FGS (Fellow of the Geological Society), over 2,000 of whom are Chartered Geologists (CGeol). The Society is a registered charity, no. 210161
. It is also a member of the Science Council, and is licensed to award Chartered Scientist to qualifying members.

The mission of the society is: "Making geologists acquainted with each other, stimulating their zeal, inducing them to adopt one nomenclature, facilitating the communication of new facts and ascertaining what is known in their science and what remains to be discovered".
Thermal limits (nuclear)
Thermal limits are among the most important constraints in nuclear reactor core operations. They are derived within the calculations of fuel reload cycles to define the maximum power output a reactor core can sustain while maintaining the integrity of its fuel and ensuring stable operation. These limits are calculated from the interactions between heat, neutron flux, and component material properties within the core. If exceeded, they can lead to overheating, fuel damage, and operational disruptions that compromise the plant’s license to operate.

Neutron flux
The neutron flux is a scalar quantity used in nuclear physics and nuclear reactor physics. It is the total distance travelled by all free neutrons per unit time and volume. Equivalently, it can be defined as the number of neutrons travelling through a small sphere of radius  in a time interval, divided by a maximal cross section of the sphere (the great disk area, ) and by the duration of the time interval.: 82-83  The dimension of neutron flux is  and the usual unit is cm−2s−1 (reciprocal square centimetre times reciprocal second).

The neutron fluence is defined as the neutron flux integrated over a certain time period. So its dimension is  and its usual unit is cm−2 (reciprocal square centimetre). An older term used instead of cm−2 was "n.v.t." (neutrons, velocity, time).
Eurides Brito da Silva
Eurides Brito da Silva (28 February 1937 – 3 February 2025) was a Brazilian politician. A member of multiple political parties, she served in the Chamber of Deputies from 1991 to 1993 and in the Legislative Chamber of the Federal District from 1999 to 2007.

Brito died in Brasília on 3 February 2025, at the age of 87.

Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)
The Chamber of Deputies (Portuguese: Câmara dos Deputados) is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. The chamber comprises 513 deputies, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms. The current president of the chamber is the Deputy Hugo Motta (Republicanos-PB), who was elected on 1 February 2025.
Jakob Mathias Antonson Lothe
Jakob Mathias Antonson Lothe (14 November 1881 – 17 June 1975) was a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party.

He was born in Lote in Gloppen Municipality (now part of Stad Municipality) as a son of farmers Anton Jakobsen Lothe (1852–1932) and Anne Marie A. Røsæt (1853–1940).

He was a member of the municipal council of Gloppen Municipality between 1919 and 1928, except for a short period between 1923 and 1925. He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Sogn og Fjordane in 1925, and was re-elected on five occasions, with a spell as deputy representative during the term 1928–1930. However, he served most of that term as well, after regular representative Per Klingenberg Hestetun died.

Lothe was President of the Lagting, the former quasi-upper house of the parliament of Norway, from 1945–1954.

Lote, Norway
Lote is a village in Stad Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The population of Lote (2001) was 132. The village is located about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) southeast of the village of Nordfjordeid and about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) northwest of the village of Sandane in Gloppen Municipality. The 2.9-kilometre (1.8 mi) Lote Tunnel is a tunnel along the European route E39 that goes through a mountain north of Lote. The tunnel connects Lote with the rest of Stad Municipality.
Justin Vincent
Justin Vincent (born January 25, 1983) is an American former football running back for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He was signed by the Atlanta Falcons as an undrafted free agent in 2007. He played college football for Louisiana State University, and was the MVP of the 2004 BCS National Championship game. He helped win Super Bowl XLIII with the Steelers, his only championship.

2004 Sugar Bowl
The 2004 Nokia Sugar Bowl, the BCS National Championship Game for the 2003 college football season, was played on January 4, 2004, at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana. The teams were the Oklahoma Sooners and the LSU Tigers. The Tigers won the BCS National Championship, their second national championship in school history, defeating the Sooners by a score of 21–14.
Topo (Calheta)
Topo, also known as Nossa Senhora do Rosário, is a freguesia ("civil parish") on the northeastern corner of the municipality Calheta on the island of São Jorge. It is considered the first settlement on the island of São Jorge to attain the status of municipality; from 1510 to 1867 "Vila do Topo" was the municipal seat of Topo, which included the neighboring parish of Santo Antão. The population in 2011 was 508, in an area of 9.24 km2.

São Jorge Island
São Jorge (Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐ̃w ˈʒɔɾʒɨ]; Portuguese for 'Saint George') is an island in the central group of the Azores archipelago and part of the autonomous region of Portugal.  Separated from its nearest neighbours (Pico and Faial islands) by  the 15-kilometre (9.3 mi) Pico-São Jorge Channel, the central group is often referred colloquially as part of the Triângulo ("Triangle") group or just "The Triangle". São Jorge is a relatively long thin island with tall cliffs, whose 8,381 inhabitants are concentrated on various geological debris fields (fajãs) along the north and south coasts; from east to west, the island is 53 kilometres (33 mi) long and, north to south, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) wide: its area is 237.59 square kilometres (91.73 mi2).
Mugaon
Mugaon is a village in Mulshi taluka of Pune District in the state of Maharashtra, India.Talukas surrounding the village are Karjat taluka, Talegaon Dabhade Taluka, Mawal taluka and by Khalapur taluka. Districts closest to the village are Raigad district, Thane district, Mumbai City district and Mumbai Suburban district. Nearest railway stations around the village are  Vadgaon railway station, Begdewadi railway station, Lonavala railway station, Talegaon railway station and Kamshet railway station.

Lonavala railway station
Lonavala railway station is a railway station in Lonavala, a hill station in the state of Maharashtra in India. Lonavala station is the origin of Lonavala–Pune Suburban Trains. Seventeen suburban trains operate on the Pune–Lonavala route. Lonavala is also a halt for Mumbai–Pune Express and Mail trains. The Karjat–Pune passenger train also has a halt at Lonavala. Trains traveling on the Kalyan–Pune route also halt at Lonavala. This station leads access to Lonavala town and nearby areas like Karla Caves, Bhaja Caves, Lohagad, Visapur Fort, Bhushi Dam and Bhor Ghat (Khandala Ghat). Khandala hill station is just 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from Lonavla.
M1G
M1G (pyrimido[1,2-a]purin-10(3H)-one) is a heterocyclic compound which is a by-product of base excision repair (BER) of a specific type of DNA adduct called M1dG. The M1dG adduct in turn is formed by a condensation reaction between guanosine nucleotides in DNA and either malondialdehyde (propanedial)  or acrolein. If not repaired, these adducts are mutagenic and carcinogenic.

Malondialdehyde is an end product of lipid peroxidation while acrolein is a result of DNA peroxidation.

M1dG is the major endogenous DNA adduct in humans. M1dG adducts have been detected in cell DNA in liver, leucocytes, pancreas and breast in concentrations of 1-120 per 108 nucleotides. Detection and quantification of M1dG adducts in the body as measured by free M1G is a tool for detecting DNA damage that may lead to cancer. Free M1G is also biomarker for oxidative stress.

By-product
A by-product or byproduct is a secondary product derived from a production process, manufacturing process or chemical reaction; it is not the primary product or service being produced.

A by-product can be useful and marketable or it can be considered waste: for example, bran, which is a byproduct of the milling of wheat into refined flour, is sometimes composted or burned for disposal, but in other cases, it can be used as a nutritious ingredient in human food or animal feed. Gasoline was once a byproduct of oil refining that later became a desirable commercial product as motor fuel. The plastic used in plastic shopping bags also started as a by-product of oil refining. By-products are sometimes called co-products to indicate that although they are secondary, they are desired products. For example, hides and leather may be called co-products of beef production. There is no strict distinction between by-products and co-products.