hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Biathlon at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Men's pursuit
The Men's pursuit competition of the Beijing 2022 Olympics was held on 13 February, at the National Biathlon Centre, in the Zhangjiakou cluster of competition venues, 180 kilometres (110 mi) north of Beijing, at an elevation of 1,665 metres (5,463 ft). Quentin Fillon Maillet of France won the event. Tarjei Bø of Norway won the silver medal, and Eduard Latypov, representing the Russian Olympic Committee, won bronze, his first individual Olympic medal.

Eduard Latypov
Eduard Latypov (Russian: Эдуард Ратмилевич Латыпов; born 21 March 1994) is a Russian biathlete. He has competed in the Biathlon World Cup since 2018, and represented Russia at the Biathlon World Championships 2020 and Biathlon World Championships 2021.
Faxonius difficilis
Faxonius difficilis, the painted crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is endemic to Oklahoma and Alabama in the United States.

This species used to be a species complex of four subspecies but these have now been redefined. These were:

F. difficilis difficilis, the nominate subspecies

F. d. maletae

F. d. hathawayi

F. d. blacki

Crayfish
Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans belonging to the infraorder Astacidea, which also contains lobsters. Taxonomically, they are members of the superfamilies Astacoidea and Parastacoidea. They breathe through feather-like gills. Some species are found in brooks and streams, where  fresh water is running, while others thrive in swamps, ditches, and paddy fields. Most crayfish cannot tolerate polluted water, although some species, such as Procambarus clarkii, are hardier. Crayfish feed on animals and plants, either living or decomposing, and detritus.

The term "crayfish" is applied to saltwater species in some countries.
Dressler
Dressler is a surname of German origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Conrad Dressler (1856–1940), sculptor and potter

Erich Dressler, luger

Ernst Christoph Dressler (1734–1779), German composer, operatic tenor, violinist and music theorist

Gallus Dressler (1533 – c. 1580/9), composer and music theorist

Jim Dressler, politician

Marie Dressler (1868–1934), actress

Robert Dressler (disambiguation)

Rudolf Dreßler (1940–2025), politician and ambassador

Sören Dreßler (born 1975), football player

Ty Dressler, American politician

Weston Dressler (born 1985), football player

William Dressler (disambiguation), several people

Willy Oskar Dressler (1876–1954), German writer on art and interior decoration

Wolfgang U. Dressler (born 1939), linguist

Willy Oskar Dressler
Willy Oskar Dressler (25 April 1876 – 7 November 1954) was a German writer on art and interior decoration. He was born in Berlin and died in Endeholz, Scharnhorst, Lower Saxony.

His principal works are:

Möbel im Zimmer der Neuzeit (1901)

Moderne Silbergeräte (1902)

Geschichte des Porzellans (1904)

Kunstgewerbe oder angewandte Kunst in Beziehung zur künstlerischen Kultur (1910)

Neugestaltung der Verwaltung der Kunstangelegenheiten im Reich und in den Bundesstaaten (1917)

Der Eckstein in der Wirtschaft von den Werkleuten vergessen! (1921)
James Fitzgerald (American jurist, born 1851)
James Fitzgerald (October 28, 1851, Ireland – December 17, 1922, Manhattan, New York City) was an American jurist and politician from New York. He held various roles including member of the New York State Assembly (New York Co., 16th D.) in 1878; member of the New York State Senate (9th D.) in 1882 and 1883; Assistant District Attorney of New York County (1884–1888); judge of the New York City Court of General Sessions (1890–1898); and justice of the New York Supreme Court (1901–1912). (In New York, the "Supreme Court" is the trial-level court of general jurisdiction, not the highest court; the highest court is called the "Court of Appeals".)

In 1907, Fitzgerald presided over the first trial of Harry K. Thaw, who was accused of murder in a case that was highly sensationalized in the press to the degree that it became an early example of the "trial of the century" phenomenon of intense public attention.

Court of general sessions
A court of general sessions was a type of court originally established as a colonial court of quarter sessions in the British North American colonies. Some of these courts continued in some form after Canada and the United States became independent countries.

These courts initially had general jurisdiction over both civil and criminal matters.
2022 Connecticut Senate election
The 2022 Connecticut State Senate election was held on November 8, 2022, as part of the biennial 2022 United States elections. Connecticut voters elected senators in all of the 36 State Senate districts. State senators serve two-year terms in the Connecticut State Senate, with all 36 of the seats up for election each cycle. Primary elections were held in August 2022.

Democrats gained one seat, increasing their majority to 24 out of 36 seats, and winning back the supermajority they had lost in a resignation and special election in 2021.

Steve Cassano
Stephen T. Cassano (born March 7, 1942) is a retired American politician and former Deputy President Pro Tempore of the Connecticut State Senate, having first been elected as a member in 2010 and retiring at the end of 2022. Cassano was succeeded in the Connecticut State Senate by MD Rahman. He previously served as mayor of Manchester, Connecticut, from 1991 to 2005. Cassano is an alumnus of Manchester Community College, Boston State College (BA), the University at Albany, SUNY (MA) and the University of Connecticut (MSW).

While in the Connecticut State Senate, he served as Co-Chair of the Planning & Development Committee, as a Vice Chair of the Finance Revenue and Bonding Committee and as a member of the Transportation, Public Safety, and Insurance and Real Estate Committees.
Backwardism
Backwardism is a derogatory comment intended to brand an ideology as stained by backwardness. While the term has been applied to literature, politics and religion, its precise definition remains unclear. Because of its various connotations and the evolution of its meaning in various times and places, it remains a notion to be played with carefully.

Backwardness
Backwardness is a lack of progress by a person or group to some perceived cultural norm of advancement, such as for example traditional societies relative to modern scientific and technologically advanced industrialized societies.
Joseph S. Pulver Sr.
Joseph S. Pulver Sr. (July 5, 1955 – April 24, 2020) was an author and poet, much of whose work falls within the horror fiction, noir fiction / hardboiled, and dark fantasy genres. He lived in Germany, and died from COPD and other issues in a German hospital on April 24, 2020.

Hippocampus Press
Hippocampus Press is an American publisher that specializes in "the works of H. P. Lovecraft and his literary circle". Founded in 1999 and based in New York City, Hippocampus is operated by founder Derrick Hussey.

As of 2017, it has issued over 200 publications, including editions of the complete fiction, essays, and poetry of Lovecraft, and thirteen volumes in the ongoing series of Lovecraft's Collected Letters.

In 2014, Publishers Weekly said Hippocampus Press is "the world's leading publisher of books related to horror writer H. P. Lovecraft".
Convertible Music
Convertible Music is the 1982 new wave debut album by pop rock artist Josie Cotton, released on Elektra Records.

Convertible Music contained Cotton's two more well-known songs, the minor hits "Johnny Are You Queer?" and "He Could Be the One", both of which were performed by Cotton in the 1983 movie Valley Girl as well as appeared on the film's hit soundtrack (#155, Billboard 200).

Valley Girl (1983 film)
Valley Girl is a 1983 American romantic comedy film directed by Martha Coolidge and written and produced by Wayne Crawford and Andrew Lane. Loosely based on the tragedy Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, the film centers on the romance between a valley girl (Deborah Foreman) and a city punk (Nicolas Cage). Michelle Meyrink, Elizabeth Daily, Cameron Dye and Michael Bowen appear in supporting roles. Valley Girl was released in the United States on April 29, 1983, to critical and commercial success.
Palayeshgah Metro Station
Palayeshgah Metro Station is a station in Tehran Metro Line 1. It is located near Tehran Refinery, a town near Shahr-e-Rey on the southern outskirts of Tehran. It is between Shahed - Bagher Shahr Metro Station and Shahr-e-Rey Metro Station.

The station was formerly called Bagher Shahr but the name was changed, along with the name of Shahed – Bagher Shahr Metro Station, formerly known simply as Shahed, on 26 August 2017. The reason was that this station, even-though named after the town Baqershahr, it is 3.3 km (2.1 mi) away from town limit, but only 1 km (0.62 mi) away from Tehran Refinery, after which it is now named. Whereas the other station is only 0.8 km (0.50 mi) away from the city limit, even though it wasn't named after it.

Baqershahr
Baqershahr (Persian: باقرشهر; [bɒːɢerˈʃæhɾ]) is a city in Kahrizak District of Ray County, Tehran province, Iran. As the village of Baqerabad, it was the capital of Behnampazuki-ye Jonubi Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Khurin. Baqerabad was converted to the city of Baqershahr in 1996.
Kamensk
Kamensk (Russian: Ка́менск) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Kamensk, Republic of Buryatia, an urban-type settlement in Kabansky District of the Republic of Buryatia

Rural localities

Kamensk, Bryansk Oblast, a village in Surazhsky District of Bryansk Oblast

Kamensk, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a village in Yeniseysky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai

Kamensk, Voronezh Oblast, a settlement in Pavlovsky District of Voronezh Oblast

Surazhsky District
Surazhsky District (Russian: Сура́жский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-seven in Bryansk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,128 square kilometers (436 sq mi).  Its administrative center is the town of Surazh. Population: 22,345 (2021 Census); 24,623 (2010 Census); 27,223 (2002 Census); 31,697 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Surazh accounts for 50.0% of the district's total population.
Mann Page
Mann Page III (1749 – 1781) was an American lawyer, politician and planter from Spotsylvania County, Virginia, who served in the House of Burgesses and first Virginia House of Delegates as well as a delegate for Virginia to the Continental Congress in 1777. His elder half brother was Virginia Governor John Page. Since the name was common in the family, and five men of the same name served in the Virginia General Assembly (three of them during this man's political career), relationships are discussed below.

Spotsylvania County, Virginia
Spotsylvania County is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is a part of the Northern Virginia region. As of 2024, Spotsylvania County is the 14th most populated county in Virginia with 149,588 residents. Its county seat is Spotsylvania Courthouse.

Located along the Rappahannock River bordering the City of Fredericksburg and Stafford County, Spotsylvania County is part of the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area. Since 2010, the population has increased by 19.3%; for comparison, Virginia's population has only increased 7.7% in that time period. Spotsylvania County is currently the 74th highest-income county in America.
Weischlitz
Weischlitz is a municipality in the Vogtlandkreis district, in Saxony, Germany. It absorbed the former municipalities Kloschwitz and Kürbitz in 1999, Burgstein in 2011, and Reuth in 2017.

Weischlitz station is on the Plauen–Cheb line and the Gera Süd–Weischlitz railway. It is located in the eastern part of the municipality.
Gutenfürst station is located in the western part of Weischlitz municipality at Leipzig–Hof railway.

Bundesautobahn 72, a federal motorway between Hof and Chemnitz, crosses the municipality. The Elster viaduct, one of its largest bridges, is located within Weischlitz municipality, close to the village of Pirk.

Bundesautobahn 72
Bundesautobahn 72 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 72, short form Autobahn 72, abbreviated as BAB 72 or A 72) is a motorway in Germany. The construction of the autobahn started in the 1930s, but was halted by the outbreak of World War II. Due to the division of Germany, a part of the autobahn lay in ruins until after German reunification.
Goosenest
Goosenest is a shield volcano topped by a pyroclastic cone at its summit located in the Cascades of northern California. The area is near Mount Shasta, and represents one of the region's short-lived shield volcanoes, although Goosenest is a larger and longer-lived example. Its volcanic edifice comprises basaltic to basaltic andesitic lava flows, a rare feature for the area. The volcano has a volume of 10 km3 (2.4 cu mi) and produced lava flows covering 60 km2 (23 sq mi).

Volcanic cone
Volcanic cones are among the simplest volcanic landforms. They are built by ejecta from a volcanic vent, piling up around the vent in the shape of a cone with a central crater. Volcanic cones are of different types, depending upon the nature and size of the fragments ejected during the eruption. Types of volcanic cones include stratocones, spatter cones, tuff cones, and cinder cones.
William Veeck Sr.
William Louis Veeck Sr. (January 20, 1876 – October 5, 1933) was an American sportswriter and baseball executive. He was president of the Chicago Cubs from 1919 to his death in October, 1933. Under Veeck's leadership, the Cubs won two pennants, in 1929 and 1932.

Veeck was a Chicago American sportswriter working under the pseudonym Bill Bailey before Cubs owner William Wrigley Jr. hired him to be vice-president of the baseball club in 1917. Having won the National League pennant in 1918, Wrigley promoted him to president of the club in July 1919.

Veeck resided in the Chicago suburb of Hinsdale, Illinois. He married Grace Greenwood DeForest in 1900. They had three children: Maurice, who died at age 8; Margaret Ann Veeck Krehbiel, and William Louis Veeck Jr., also known as Bill Veeck. Bill owned the Chicago White Sox and Cleveland Indians. His grandson Mike Veeck is also a minor league baseball executive.

Veeck Sr. is buried at the Bronswood Cemetery in Oak Brook, Illinois.

Pennant (sports)
A pennant is a commemorative pennon typically used to show support for a particular athletic team. Pennants have been historically used in all types of athletic levels. Traditionally, pennants were made of felt and fashioned in the official colors of a particular team.

Often graphics, usually the mascot symbol, as well as the team name were displayed on pennants. The images displayed on pennants were either stitched on with contrasting colored felt or had screen-printing.

Today, vintage pennants with rare images or honoring special victories have become prized collectibles for sporting enthusiasts. While pennants are typically associated with athletic teams, pennants have also been made to honor institutions and vacation spots, often acting as souvenirs.
Nema (company)
Nema is a Faroese telecommunications, stationery and communications technology company, founded in February 2007 after the merger of Faroedane, Com-Data and Reproz.

After the parliament (Løgting) made a new law in 1999 that allowed others to compete with Telefonverk Føroya Løgtings (TFL), which in the process changed its name to Føroya Tele, in 2001 Kall and Tele F became one company, Kall. Kall was renamed as Vodafone in 2008 and then to Hey in 2018.

In January 2019, Nema and Hey was mergered, creating a telecommunications, stationery and communications technology company, but the Hey telecommunications service brand was kept. In 2022, The telecommunications service abandoned the Hey trademark to start using the company's commercial name, offering all its products under the Nema brand.

Stationery
Stationery refers to sheets, pads, envelopes, rolls, reels, and books for writing on, including cut paper, continuous form paper. Stationery usually specifies materials to be written on by hand (e.g., letter paper) or by equipment such as computer printers. Fasteners, writing instruments, utensils, machines, and containers sold by stationers or stationery shops are not stationery, but office supplies.
Toromona
The Toromona are an indigenous people of Bolivia. They are uncontacted people living near the upper Madidi and Heath Rivers in northwestern Bolivia. Bolivia's Administrative Resolution 48/2006, issued on 15 August 2006, created an "exclusive, reserved, and inviolable" portion of the Madidi National Park to protect the Toromona.

Heath River
The Heath River, which runs from the Andes surrounding Lake Titicaca northwards to the Madre de Dios River, marks the natural border between Peru and Bolivia.

The Eja Sonene indigenous community lives in the area. They are an ethnic group belonging to either the Tacana-speaking Arawak, who migrated from the west or those of Pano origin, who originate from the lower reaches of the Madeira River.

Named for the American explorer Dr Edwin R. Heath in the 1880s, the river borders lowland savannah and rainforest.  An early expedition to explore the Heath River basin was led by the British explorer Colonel Percy Harrison Fawcett in 1910.
I Don't Care (album)
I Don't Care is an album by Buck Owens and his Buckaroos, released in 1964. It reached Number one on the Billboard Country charts and Number 135 on the Pop Albums charts. The single "I Don't Care" spent six weeks at number one.

The album features a duet with Rose Maddox as well as lead vocals by Don Rich and Doyle Holly. It was re-released on CD in 1995 by Sundazed Music with two bonus tracks, both instrumentals from The Buck Owens Songbook.

Rose Maddox
Roselea Arbana "Rose" Maddox (August 15, 1925 – April 15, 1998) was an American country singer-songwriter and fiddle player, who was the lead singer with the Maddox Brothers and Rose before a successful solo career.  Her musical styles blended hillbilly music, rockabilly and gospel. She was noted for her "reputation as a lusty firebrand", and her "colorful Western costumes"; she was one of the earliest clients of Hollywood tailor, Nathan Turk.
Eugène Mougin
Eugène Mougin (17 November 1852 – 28 December 1924) was a French competitor in the sport of archery.  Mougin competed in one event, winning the 50 metre Au Chapelet competition. He is now considered by the International Olympic Committee to have won a gold medal.  No scores are known from that competition. He was born in Paris and died in Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine.

Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine
Clichy (/kliːˈʃiː/ klee-SHEE, French: [kliʃi] ⓘ; sometimes unofficially Clichy-la-Garenne [kliʃi la ɡaʁɛn]) is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located on the Seine, 6.4 km (4.0 mi) from the centre of Paris.

Located in Clichy are the headquarters of the L'Oréal Group, the world's largest company in cosmetics and beauty; Bic, one of the biggest pen producers in the world; Monoprix, a major French retail chain; as well as Sony France, a large electronics and media company.
Bykhov Sitting
The Bykhov Sitting, the Bykhov Arrest of the Generals, the Bykhov Capture (Imprisonment) of the Generals were events related to the arrest and detention by the authorities of the Provisional Government of a part of the generals and officers of the Russian Army for participation and support of the Kornilov's Uprising. These persons were kept from September 11 to November 19, 1917, in the prison of the city of Bykhov, Mogilyov Guberniya.

Sergey Markov
Sergey Leonidovich Markov (Russian: Серге́й Леони́дович Ма́рков) (July 19 [O.S. July 7] 1878 – June 25, 1918), was an Imperial Russian Army general, and became one of the founders of the Volunteer Army counterrevolutionary force of the White movement in southern Russia during the Russian Civil War which broke out in 1917.
Kenneggy Downs
Kenneggy Downs is a hamlet on the A394, in the civil parish of Breage, between the towns of Helston and Penzance in Cornwall, UK. It is 5 miles (8.0 km) east of Penzance. Kenegy is Cornish for bogs.

The Grade II listed, 18th-century public house the Coach and Horses was extended in the 19th century and was originally an inn on the turnpike between Penryn and Penzance. Built into the fireplace is a circa, early 19th-century granite milestone with the inscription ″From Helston 1".

On 3 September 1879 a tenement was sold by auction at Kanneggie Downs. Kenneggy Downs is north of the twin hamlets of Kenneggy.

There is also a Kenegie at Gulval, near Penzance.

Helston
Helston (Cornish: Hellys) is a town and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated at the northern end of the Lizard Peninsula approximately 12 miles (19 km) east of Penzance and 9 miles (14 km) south-west of Falmouth. Helston is the most southerly town on the island of Great Britain and is around 1+1⁄2 miles (2.5 kilometres) farther south than Penzance. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 11,611 and the population of the built up area was 11,360.

The former stannary and cattle market town is best known for the annual Furry Dance (known locally as the Flora Dance), said to originate from the medieval period. However, the Hal-an-Tow is reputed to be of Celtic origin. The associated song and music, The Floral Dance, is known to have been written in 1911. In 2001, the town celebrated the 800th anniversary of the granting of its Charter.
A Counterfeit Presentment
A Counterfeit Presentment is a play written by American author and playwright William Dean Howells in 1877. The play is a comedy in the genre of literary realism and tells the story of a chance encounter between a young woman, Constance, and a man whom she mistakes for her ex lover, Bartlett. However, Bartlett is not completely aware of Constance's neurotic behavior until he gets to know her a bit more. Her true personality is only truly expressed after she forces Bartlett to stay with her in the hotel so she can pretend he is her former beau. Howells uses comedy to reveal the deeper issue of the plight of unmarried middle and upper-class women in the 19th century.

Literary realism
Literary realism is a movement and genre of literature that attempts to represent mundane and ordinary subject-matter in a faithful and straightforward way, avoiding grandiose or exotic subject-matter, exaggerated portrayals, and speculative elements such as supernatural events and alternative worlds. It encompasses both fiction (realistic fiction) and nonfiction writing. Literary realism is a subset of the broader realist art movement that began with mid-nineteenth-century French literature (Stendhal) and Russian literature (Alexander Pushkin). It  attempts to represent familiar things, including everyday activities and experiences, as they truly are.
Robert J. W. Byrde
Robert Jocelyn Walter Byrde (31 July 1922, Bournemouth – 8 May 2010, Wells, Somerset) was an English mycologist and phytopathologist. He was the president of the British Mycological Society for the academic year 1981–1982. He is known for his research, in collaboration with Anthony H. Fielding, on the role of pectolyic enzymes in physiological phytopathology. This research was a forerunner of many of the developments in molecular phytopathology.

Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, food, traditional medicine, as well as entheogens, poison, and infection. Yeasts are among the most heavily utilized members of the fungus kingdom, particularly in food manufacturing.

Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases. The two disciplines are closely related, because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist.