hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pre-Finno-Ugric substrate
Pre-Finno-Ugric substrate refers to substratum loanwords from unidentified non-Indo-European and non-Uralic languages that are found in various Finno-Ugric languages, most notably Sámi. The presence of Pre-Finno-Ugric substrate in Sámi languages was demonstrated by Ante Aikio. Janne Saarikivi points out that similar substrate words are present in Finnic languages as well, but in much smaller numbers. The proposed substrate influence in Finnic may have been related either by borrowing or a direct genetic relationship to the languages that influenced Sámi.

Borrowing to Sámi from Paleo-Laplandic probably still took place after the completion of the Great Sámi Vowel Shift. Paleo-Laplandic likely became extinct about 1500 years ago.

The Nganasan language also has many substrate words from unknown extinct languages in the Taimyr peninsula.

Taymyr Peninsula
The Taymyr Peninsula (/taɪˈmɪər/ ty-MEER) is a peninsula in the Far North of Russia, in the Siberian Federal District, that forms the northernmost part of the mainland of Eurasia. Administratively it is part of the Krasnoyarsk Krai Federal subject of Russia.
Aarne Viisimaa
Aarne Viisimaa (born as Arnold Peeter Visman; 25 November 1898, Sangaste – 2 October 1989, Stockholm) was an Estonian operatic tenor and opera director. He was notably the director of the Estonian National Opera from 1927 to 1944. As an opera singer, he performed such roles as Eisenstein in Die Fledermaus, Lenski in Eugene Onegin, Ottavio in Don Giovanni, Pinkerton in Madama Butterfly, Tamino in The Magic Flute, and the title roles in Faust and Lohengrin among others. He is buried in the Metsakalmistu cemetery in Tallinn, Estonia.

Viisimaa was a member of the Ugala Fraternity.

His son Vello Viisimaa was an actor and also an opera singer.

Estonian National Opera
Estonian National Opera (Rahvusooper Estonia) is the national opera company of Estonia. The company is based at the Estonia Theatre in Tallinn. The theatre has had several names throughout its existence. The latest one being "The Estonian National Opera", which was adopted in 1998. The company produces a lively and varied season which includes operas, ballets and operettas/musicals with over 500 people currently working at the Estonian National Opera.
Bring Me Home (film)
Bring Me Home (Korean: 나를 찾아줘; RR: Nareul chajajwo) is a 2019 South Korean drama thriller film written and directed by first-time director Kim Seung-woo and stars Lee Young-ae and Yoo Jae-myung. It debuted in the Discovery program of 2019 Toronto International Film Festival.

2019 Toronto International Film Festival
The 44th annual Toronto International Film Festival was held from 5 to 15 September 2019. The opening gala was the documentary film Once Were Brothers: Robbie Robertson and The Band, directed by Daniel Roher, and the festival closed with a screening of the biographical film Radioactive, directed by Marjane Satrapi.
Vincenzo Capelli
Vincenzo Capelli (born 26 October 1988) is an Italian rower. He competed in the men's four at the 2012 Summer Olympics and the men's eight event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

At World level, he finished won the coxed pairs at the 2011 World Championship with Pierpaolo Frattini, coxed by Niccolo Fanchi and came third in the coxed pairs at the 2016 World Championships, with Mario Paonessa, coxed by Andrea Riva.

At European level, he finished second with the Italian men's eight at the 2012 European Championships.

2011 World Rowing Championships
The 2011 World Rowing Championships were World Rowing Championships that were held from 28 August to 4 September 2011 at Lake Bled, adjoining the Slovenian city of Bled. The annual week-long rowing regatta is organized by World Rowing Federation (FISA), and held at the end of the northern hemisphere summer. In non-Olympic Games years the regatta is the highlight of the international rowing calendar, and in the year prior to the Olympics it is the main qualification event for the following year's Olympics.
Marley (soundtrack)
Marley is a posthumous two-disc soundtrack album by Bob Marley & The Wailers. It was released by Island Records and Tuff Gong Records. The soundtrack features music from the whole career of Bob Marley, his first recorded song, "Judge Not", to the last album he released in his lifetime, "Uprising". Marley was released to coincide with the release of Marley, a biographical film documenting the life of Bob Marley.  The album features 24 of the 66 tracks used in the film.

Tuff Gong
Tuff Gong is the brand name associated with a number of businesses started by Bob Marley and the Marley family. 'Tuff Gong' comes from Marley's nickname, which was in turn an echo of that given to founder of the Rastafari movement, Leonard "The Gong" Howell.
Jean Sennelier
Jean Sennelier is a French slalom canoeist who competed from the late 1970s to the late 1980s. He won three medals at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with two silvers (C-1 team: 1981, 1987) and a bronze (C-1: 1981).

1987 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 1987 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held in Bourg St.-Maurice, France under the auspices of International Canoe Federation for the second time. It was the 20th edition. Bourg St.-Maurice hosted the event previously in 1969.
2025 Hall of Fame Open
The 2025 Hall of Fame Open was a combined men's and women's professional tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 49th edition of the men's event and the first edition of the women's event. The tournament was classified as an ATP Challenger Tour 125 event on the 2025 ATP Challenger Tour (downgraded from ATP 250 status in previous years), and a 2025 WTA 125 tournament. It took place at the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island, United States, from July 7 through July 13, 2025.

International Tennis Hall of Fame
The International Tennis Hall of Fame is located in Newport, Rhode Island, United States. It honors both players and other contributors to the sport of tennis. The complex, the former Newport Casino, includes a museum, 13 grass tennis courts, an indoor tennis facility with three courts, three outdoor hard courts, one green clay court, a court tennis facility, and a theatre. The International Tennis Hall of Fame is a non-profit organization with the goal of preserving, celebrating, and inspiring the sport of tennis around the world.

The location was the original home of the U.S. National Championships (now called the US Open), established in 1881. Since 1976, the complex has hosted the Hall of Fame Open, a combined men's and women's event, each year in July.
Boston Adventure
Boston Adventure is a 1943 novel by Jean Stafford. It was her first published novel and was a surprise best-seller, launching her career as a writer.

Set shortly before World War II, it tells the story of  Sonia Marburg, who grew up in Chichester, a small fishing village on the North Shore facing Boston. Deserted by her father and burdened with an insane mother, she dreams of life on the imagined splendor of Beacon Hill, a rich neighborhood in Boston. When she becomes the protegee of a wealthy Bostonian as a teenager her dream is achieved, but with it comes the revelation of an empty, decadent society.

Beacon Hill, Boston
Beacon Hill is a historic neighborhood in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is also the location of the Massachusetts State House. The term "Beacon Hill" is used locally as a metonym to refer to the state government or the legislature itself, much like Washington, D.C.'s Capitol Hill does at the federal level.

A bastion of "Old Money" Boston Brahmins, Federal-style rowhouses, narrow streets and brick sidewalks run through the neighborhood, which is generally regarded as one of the more desirable and expensive in Boston. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the population of Boston's Beacon Hill neighborhood was 9,023.
International Symposium on Fluorine Chemistry
The International Symposium on Fluorine Chemistry (ISFC) is an academic conference where researchers present their most recent original results on the chemistry of fluorine and its derivatives. Communications deal with all compounds of fluorine, from hydrogen fluoride to fluoropolymers and other fluorocarbons. Participants to editions from 18th ISFC onwards have been nearly 500, most of them were from academia, researchers from fluorochemical industry being the second largest group.

Fluorocarbon
Fluorocarbons are chemical compounds with carbon-fluorine bonds.  Compounds that contain many C-F bonds often have distinctive properties, e.g., enhanced stability, volatility, and hydrophobicity.  Several fluorocarbons and their derivatives are commercial polymers, refrigerants, drugs, and anesthetics.
Chaoyang Subdistrict, Tianjin
Chaoyang Subdistrict (simplified Chinese: 潮阳街道; traditional Chinese: 潮陽街道; pinyin: Cháoyáng Jiēdào), formerly known as Majiadian, is a subdistrict located within Baodi District, Tianjin, China. It shares border with Baoping Subdistrict and Shigezhuang Town in its north, Yuhua Subdistrict in its northeast, Haogezhuang Town in its east, Dakoutun Town in its south, and Xinkaikou Town in its west. It had 30,090 people residing within its borders as of 2010.

Dakoutun
Dakoutun (Chinese: 大口屯; pinyin: Dàkǒutūn) is a town of Baodi District, in the northern suburbs of Tianjin, People's Republic of China. As of 2011, it had 58 villages under its administration.

In 2001, Nanrenfu Xiang (Chinese: 南仁垺乡; pinyin: Nánrénfú Xiāng) was eliminated and merged with Dakoutun Town. Nanrenfu is also the name of villages, schools and companies in the area. In the sixth & seventh editions of the Contemporary Chinese Dictionary published in 2012 & 2016, Nanrenfu is the only example given for the usage of the character '垺' (fú).
Easyrec
easyrec is an open-source program that provides personalized recommendations using RESTful Web services to be integrated into Web enabled applications. It is distributed under the GNU General Public License by the Studio Smart Agent Technologies and hosted at SourceForge.

It is written in Java, uses a MySQL database and comes with an administration tool.

Personalization
Personalization (broadly known as customization) consists of tailoring a service or product to accommodate specific individuals. It is sometimes tied to groups or segments of individuals. Personalization involves collecting data on individuals, including web browsing history, web cookies, and location. Various organizations use personalization (along with the opposite mechanism of popularization) to improve customer satisfaction, digital sales conversion, marketing results, branding, and improved website metrics as well as for advertising. Personalization acts as a key element in social media and recommender systems. Personalization influences every sector of society — be it work, leisure, or citizenship.
Clear Creek State Park
Clear Creek State Park is a 1,901-acre (769 ha) Pennsylvania state park in Barnett and Heath Townships, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania in the United States. Public campsites were first opened at the park in 1922. Many of the facilities seen today at the park were constructed during the Great Depression by the Civilian Conservation Corps. Clear Creek State Park is 12 miles (19 km) from Brookville on Pennsylvania Route 949 at the confluence of Clear Creek and the Clarion River.

The Clear Creek State Park Day Use District and Clear Creek State Park Family Cabin District were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

Brookville, Pennsylvania
Brookville is a borough in Jefferson County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, 70 miles (110 km) northeast of Pittsburgh. As of the 2020 census, Brookville had a population of 3,995. Founded in 1830, it is the county seat of Jefferson County.
Star Awards 2024
The 29th installment of Star Awards, Star Awards 2024 (Chinese: 红星大奖2024), honoured the best in Singaporean prime time television programming in 2023, as chosen by both the television and radio industries of Singapore. The nominations were announced on 22 February 2024, and was presented on 21 April 2024 through multiple channels including streaming websites mewatch and YouTube, which also provided exclusive backstage commentary 3:30 PM to 10:30 PM.

Alongside professional and popularity awards, the ceremony featured stars from Singapore and abroad. Ann Kok and Jesseca Liu, having won their tenth Top 10 Favourite Female Artiste in 2023, were conferred with the All-Time Favourite Artiste Award at this ceremony, while Pornsak and Yvonne Lim, who were not nominated for the Top 10 Favourite Artiste in 2023, won their tenth Top 10 Favourite Artiste at this ceremony.

Pornsak Prajakwit
Pornsak Prajakwit (born 14 January 1982), better known mononymously as Pornsak, is a Singapore-based Thai host and businessman. He is fluent in Mandarin, Teochew, Cantonese, Bahasa Melayu, English and Thai.

Pornsak has won multiple awards at the Star Awards, Singapore's most prestigious entertainment award ceremony, including Best Variety Show Host in 2015 and Top 10 Most Popular Male Artiste Award ten times. From 2015 to 2017, he was voted Reader’s Digest Most Trusted Entertainer in Asia, as part of the Reader’s Digest Trusted Brand Survey.
Inka Ermalenko
Inka Ermalenko  (born (1963-08-24)24 August 1963) is a retired Ukrainian female volleyball player. She was part of the Ukraine women's national volleyball team.

She participated in the 1994 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship. On club level she played with Zavodobanks Zapor.

Ukraine women's national volleyball team
The Ukraine women's national volleyball team (Ukrainian: Жіноча збірна України з волейболу, Zhinocha zbirna Ukrai'ny z volejbolu) represents Ukraine in international women's volleyball competitions and friendly matches. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union the team first competed on the highest level under its own flag at the 1993 European Championship, winning the bronze medal.
Ivan Zassoursky
Ivan Ivanovich Zassoursky (Russian: Иван Засурский; born 29 August 1974) is a Russian journalist, philologist, professor, producer, and researcher. He is the head of the Department of New Media and Communications Theory Studies in the School of Journalism at the Moscow State University, founder and publisher of Chastny Korrespondent, an online newspaper. He was also the host of Press Club XXI, a talk show, and has authored more than 500 publications and periodicals in Russia and abroad. He is the grandson of Yassen Zassoursky.

Rambler (portal)
Rambler (Russian: Рамблер) is a Russian search engine and one of the biggest Russian web portals, owned by the Rambler Media Group. The site was launched in 1996 by Stack Ltd, went public in 2005, was acquired by Prof-Media in 2006, and has since been acquired by Russian bank Sberbank.
Japanese minelayer Aotaka
Aotaka (蒼鷹, Blue Hawk)  was the second vessel in the Hatsutaka class of medium-sized minelayers of the Imperial Japanese Navy, which was in service during World War II. She was designed as an improved version of the netlayer Shirataka. However, during the Pacific War, due to the critical shortage of patrol ships for convoy escort duties, she was fitted with depth charge racks and her minelaying rails were removed.

Minelayer
A minelayer is any warship, submarine, military aircraft or land vehicle deploying explosive mines. Since World War I the term "minelayer" refers specifically to a naval ship used for deploying naval mines. "Mine planting" was the term for installing controlled mines at predetermined positions in connection with coastal fortifications or harbor approaches that would be detonated by shore control when a ship was fixed as being within the mine's effective range.

An army's special-purpose combat engineering vehicles used to lay landmines are sometimes called "minelayers".
ST Koraaga
Koraaga was a Castle-class steel-hulled trawler built in 1914 by Smith's Dock Company, South Bank, Middlesbrough. She was requisitioned as an auxiliary minesweeper operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) in October 1917 for minesweeping duties during World War I, but she was never commissioned. Koraaga returned to be operated commercially as a fishing trawler until she wrecked when she struck a reef off Bass Point whilst carrying returning to Sydney. She was refloated on the tide after having becoming stranded and drifted till she was finally lost five miles (8.0 km) east of Black Head, Gerringong on 10 September 1931.

Jack Loney
Jack Kenneth Loney (21 October 1925 – 13 February 1995) was an amateur Australian maritime historian who published over one hundred books and numerous newspaper and magazine articles. He was a schoolteacher and principal until his retirement. He became interested in maritime history after preparing several general history booklets covering the Otway region of western Victoria, Australia.
Local Tate duality
In Galois cohomology, local Tate duality (or simply local duality) is a duality for Galois modules for the absolute Galois group of a non-archimedean local field. It is named after John Tate who first proved it. It shows that the dual of such a Galois module is the Tate twist of usual linear dual. This new dual is called the (local) Tate dual.

Local duality combined with Tate's local Euler characteristic formula provide a versatile set of tools for computing the Galois cohomology of local fields.

Tate twist
In number theory and algebraic geometry, the Tate twist, named after John Tate, is an operation on Galois modules.

For example, if K is a field, GK is its absolute Galois group, and ρ : GK → AutQp(V) is a representation of GK on a finite-dimensional vector space V over the field Qp of p-adic numbers, then the Tate twist of V, denoted V(1), is the representation on the tensor product V⊗Qp(1), where Qp(1) is the p-adic cyclotomic character (i.e. the Tate module of the group of roots of unity in the separable closure Ks of K). More generally, if m is a positive integer, the mth Tate twist of V, denoted V(m), is the tensor product of V with the m-fold tensor product of Qp(1). Denoting by Qp(−1) the dual representation of Qp(1), the −mth Tate twist of V can be defined as
James Lorenzo Walker
James Lorenzo Walker (November 1, 1920 – November 16, 2003) was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member for the 89th and 113th district of the Florida House of Representatives.

Walker was born in Marco Island, Florida, the son of Adnie and Forrest Walker. Walker and his family moved to Naples, Florida in 1921, and he attended Naples High School, graduating in 1939. He then served in the United States Army Air Force from 1943 to 1946 in various roles such as aircraft maintenance technician, diesel mechanic and researcher. Walker also served for the Collier County Commission from 1950 to 1956, and later worked in real estate.

In 1967 Walker became the first member for the newly established 113th district of the Florida House of Representatives. In 1972 he was elected for the 89th district of the Florida House of Representatives, serving until 1974.

Walker died in November 2003 in Naples, Florida, at the age of 83.

Marco Island, Florida
Marco Island is a city and barrier island in Collier County, Florida, 20 miles (32 km) south of Naples on the Gulf Coast of the United States. It is the largest barrier island in Southwest Florida's Ten Thousand Islands area, which extends southerly to Cape Sable. Marco Island is home to an affluent beach community with resort amenities.

Marco Island is a principal city of the Naples–Marco Island Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 15,760 at the 2020 census, down from 16,413 at the 2010 census. The population more than doubles during the winter.

Parts of the island have scenic, high elevations relative to the generally flat south Florida landscape. The island has a tropical climate; specifically, a tropical wet and dry or savanna type (Aw under the Köppen system). It is known for its distinct wet and dry seasons, with most of the rainfall between June and October.
Patharawarin Timkul
Patharawarin Timkul (Thai: ภัทรวรินทร์ ทิมกุล, born  March 1, 1977) is a Thai actress and model. Her films include Bangkok Dangerous and Jan Dara. She is the daughter of leading Thai dance theater figure and National Artist, Performing Arts branch Patravadi Mejudhon. Her nickname is May.

Dance in Thailand
Dance in Thailand (Thai: นาฏศิลป์, pronounced [nāːt.tā.sǐn] or Thai: นาฏกรรม, pronounced [nāːt.tā.kām]) is the main dramatic art form in Thailand. Thai dance can be divided into two major categories, high art (classical dance) and low art (folk dance).
Cok Istri Krisnanda Widani
Cokorda Istri Krisnanda Widani (born 27 March 1992) is an Indonesian Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy Ambassador, National Narcotics Board of the Republic of Indonesia Ambassador, Balinese dancer, model, beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata 2013 and represented Indonesia for the first time at the Miss Supranational 2013 beauty pageant, where was the 3rd Runner-up.

National Narcotics Board
The National Narcotics Board or National Narcotics Agency (Indonesian: Badan Narkotika Nasional, abbreviated BNN) is a government agency of Indonesia. BNN is responsible for minimizing the abuse of controlled substances through prevention and law enforcement measures directed primarily at illegal drug abuse and drug trafficking.
Independent advisory firm
An independent advisory firm (sometimes less accurately called an advisory boutique) is an investment bank that provides strategic and financial advice to clients primarily including corporations, financial sponsors, and governments. Revenues are typically generated by providing deal-specific advice related to mergers and acquisitions and financing. The WSJ noted in January 2016 that "boutique is a fuzzy label, defined as much by what these firms do (mostly give M&A advice) as what they don’t do (trading, lending, much in the way of underwriting)."

Lazard
Lazard Inc. (formerly known as Lazard Ltd and Lazard Frères & Co.) is an American financial advisory and asset management firm that engages in investment banking, asset management and other financial services, primarily with institutional clients. It is the world's largest independent investment bank, with principal executive offices in New York City, Paris and London.

Lazard was founded in 1848 and operates from 41 cities across 26 countries in North America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and Central and South America. The firm provides advice on mergers and acquisitions, strategic matters, restructuring and capital structure, capital raising and corporate finance, as well as asset management services to corporations, partnerships, institutions, governments and individuals.
Bear Creek (Deepwater Creek tributary)
Bear Creek is a stream in Henry County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of Deepwater Creek.

The stream headwaters arise in the southwest corner of Henry County about 2.5 miles north of Appleton City (at 38°13′42″N 94°02′07″W﻿ / ﻿38.22833°N 94.03528°W﻿ / 38.22833; -94.03528) at an elevation of about 920 ft (280 m) adjacent to Missouri Route KK. Tke stream flows northeast to east passing under Missouri Route 52 south and then again east of Montrose to its confluence with Deepwater Creek southeast of La Due (at 38°17′37″N 93°51′53″W﻿ / ﻿38.29361°N 93.86472°W﻿ / 38.29361; -93.86472) at an elevation of 712 ft (217 m).

Bear Creek most likely was named for the bears in the area.

Missouri Route 52
Route 52 is an east/west highway running from its eastern terminus at Route 133 7 miles (11 km) east of St. Elizabeth to the Kansas state line where it continues as K-52 (this road continues for 23 additional miles).  Highway 52 comprises 173 miles (278 km) of primarily two-lane roadway in Missouri.