hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Damage to Baghdad during the Iraq War
The Iraq War started with a US-led invasion on 20 March 2003, causing much damage to the capital city, Baghdad. The war and collateral damage continued for years.

In October 2003, a joint United Nations/World Bank team conducted an assessment of funding needs for reconstruction in Iraq during the period 2004-2007.
A study conducted by the Iraqi Central Bureau of Statistics in cooperation with the United Nations, based on surveys conducted in 2004, reported that a third of Iraqis were living in poverty, in spite of the rich natural resources of the country.

Collateral damage
"Collateral damage" is a term for any incidental and undesired death, injury or other damage inflicted, especially on civilians, as the result of an activity. Originally coined to describe military operations, it is now also used in non-military contexts to refer to negative unintended consequences of an action.

Critics of use of the term "collateral damage" see it as a euphemism that dehumanizes non-combatants killed or injured during combat, used to reduce the perceived culpability of military leadership in failing to prevent non-combatant casualties.

Collateral damage does not include civilian casualties caused by military operations that are intended to terrorize or kill enemy civilians (e.g., the Bombing of Dresden or Bombing of Hamburg in World War II and Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure openly described as "retaliatory" and intended to "make towns uninhabitable").
Holy Trinity Diocesan High School
Holy Trinity High School is a co-educational learning environment located centrally in Hicksville, Nassau County, New York on Long Island. Education is based on New York State Education Standards with a strong emphasis on Religious Studies.  It is operated by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Rockville Centre.

New York State Education Department
The New York State Education Department (NYSED) is the department of the New York state government responsible for the supervision for all public schools in New York and all standardized testing, as well as the production and administration of state tests and Regents Examinations. In addition, the State Education Department oversees higher education, cultural institutions such as museums and libraries, vocational rehabilitation, and the licensing of numerous professions. It is headed by the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York (USNY) and administered by the Commissioner of Education.

Its regulations are compiled in title 8 of the New York Codes, Rules and Regulations. The main offices of the department are housed in the New York State Department of Education Building, located at 89 Washington Avenue in Albany, the state capital.

Each year New York spends around $32,000 per student, which is 90% more than the average in the US.
Net income
In business and accounting, net income is an entity's income minus cost of goods sold, expenses, depreciation and amortization, interest, and taxes, and other expenses for an accounting period.

It is computed as the residual of all revenues and gains less all expenses and losses for the period, and has also been defined as the net increase in shareholders' equity that results from a company's operations. It is different from gross income, which only deducts the cost of goods sold from revenue.

For households and individuals, net income is the (gross) income minus taxes and other deductions (e.g. mandatory pension contributions).

Equity (finance)
In finance, equity is an ownership interest in property that may be subject to debts or other liabilities. Equity is measured for accounting purposes by subtracting liabilities from the value of the assets owned. For example, if someone owns a car worth $24,000 and owes $10,000 on the loan used to buy the car, the difference of $14,000 is equity. Equity can apply to a single asset, such as a car or house, or to an entire business. A business that needs to start up or expand its operations can sell its equity in order to raise cash that does not have to be repaid on a set schedule.

When liabilities attached to an asset exceed its value, the difference is called a deficit and the asset is informally said to be "underwater" or "upside-down". In government finance or other non-profit settings, equity is known as "net position" or "net assets".
Get Over It (Guillemots song)
"Get Over It" is a song by Guillemots, which appears on the band's second album, Red. It was released as the first single from their second album on 17 March 2008.

The music has a disco-influenced pop sound.

The song was championed by BBC Radio 1 presenter Scott Mills and featured on the station's playlist. The debut chart position for the single was #20 on the official UK singles chart for the week ending 23 March 2008.

The video was filmed in 2008, and was directed by Guillemots member MC Lord Magrão.

Red (Guillemots album)
Red is the second album from British indie rock band Guillemots. It was released on 24 March 2008 in the United Kingdom and reached number 9 in the UK Album Charts. The album release was preceded by the single "Get Over It" on 17 March.
Gillian McCutcheon
Gillian McCutcheon (born April 1939) is a British-based actress who has appeared in many programmes over the years. She has played three parts in the ITV Television drama The Bill. 
Her first role was The Avengers, in 1961. She also played the unseen therapist in the 1990s series This Life. Other credits include The Brothers, Dixon of Dock Green, Blake's 7, Thriller, A Horseman Riding By, Emmerdale, London's Burning and Holby City.

She is a senior member of London Arts Discovery.

Dixon of Dock Green
Dixon of Dock Green is a BBC police procedural television series about daily life at a fictional London police station, with the emphasis on petty crime, successfully controlled through common sense and human understanding. It ran from 1955 to 1976. The central character, George Dixon, first appeared in the film The Blue Lamp (1950). Dixon is a mature and sympathetic police constable, who was played by Jack Warner in all of the 432 episodes.

Dixon is the supposed embodiment of a typical "bobby" who would be familiar with the area in which he patrolled and its residents and often lived there himself. The series contrasted with later programmes such as Z-Cars, which more realistically reflected a more aggressive policing culture. It retained a faithful following throughout its run and was voted second-most popular programme on British television in 1961.
Jacob ben Samuel Taitazak
Jacob ben Samuel Taitazak (Hebrew: יעקב בן שמואל טאיטאצק) was a Talmudist of the 16th century, and an author of a responsum inserted in Samuel de Medina's collection entitled She'elot u-Teshubot MaHRaSHDaM (vol. iii., § 203, Salonica, 1598). He was a member of the Taitazak family.

Samuel de Medina
Rabbi Samuel ben Moses de Medina (abbreviated RaShDaM, Hebrew: רשד"ם or Maharashdam; 1505 – October 12, 1589), was a Talmudist and author from Thessaloniki. He was principal of the Talmudic academy of that city, which produced a great number of prominent scholars during the 16th and 17th centuries. His teachers were the noted Talmudists Joseph Taitazak and Levi Ibn Chaviv, and among his schoolmates were Isaac Adarbi, Joseph ibn Leb, and Moses Almosnino. While on a mission to Constantinople he met the noted grammarian Menahem Lonzano, who studied under him for some time and who therefore speaks of him as his teacher.

Among Samuel's many disciples who attained prominence were Abraham de Boton, Joseph ibn Ezra and Ḥayyim Shabbethai. He had a controversy with Joseph Karo and other rabbis at Safed, against whom he wrote a polemical letter (Ketav Tochachah). He died at Salonica.  A grandson of his was Samuel Hayyun, author of Bene Shemuel, novellae and responsa (Salonica, c. 1613).
Joe Szura
Joseph Boleslaw Szura (December 18, 1938 – October 13, 2006) was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played 90 games in the National Hockey League for the Oakland Seals. Born in Fort William, Ontario, he played 115 games in the World Hockey Association for the Los Angeles Sharks and Houston Aeros.

Los Angeles Sharks
The Los Angeles Sharks were an ice hockey team that played in the World Hockey Association (WHA) from 1972 to 1974.  Their primary home arena was the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena but they sometimes played at the Long Beach Sports Arena when the Sports Arena had other contractual obligations.  After the 1973–74 season, the franchise moved to Detroit to become the Michigan Stags and again mid-season to Baltimore to become the Baltimore Blades.

The franchise was originally meant to be called the Los Angeles Aces, but took the "Sharks" name after the proposed San Francisco Sharks franchise (not to be confused with the current NHL San Jose Sharks) was transferred to Quebec and became the Nordiques before the WHA began play. They kept the original colors from the name Aces; red and black being the colors of the suits in a deck of cards.
2016 Women's U23 Pan-American Volleyball Cup
The 2016 Women's U23 Pan-American Volleyball Cup was the third edition of the bi-annual volleyball tournament. It was held in Miraflores and San Vicente de Cañete, Peru from 19 to 25 September among six countries. The Dominican Republic won the tournament for third time and qualified for the 2017 FIVB U23 World Championship along with silver medalists Argentina and Cuba, winners of the bronze medal. Dominican Republic player Brayelin Martínez won the Most Valuable Player award.

Miraflores District, Lima
Miraflores (Spanish: [miɾaˈfloɾes]) is a district of Lima, Peru. A residential and upscale shopping district, it is one of the wealthiest districts that make up the city of Lima, located to the south of the city's historic downtown area, as well as one of its main tourist destinations. The area also hosts office buildings and flat-roofed multi-coloured housing.

It was first established as a district on January 2, 1857. As a result of the January 1881 Battle of Miraflores fought during the War of the Pacific, Miraflores is called Ciudad Heroica ("Heroic City").
Jacques Delacôte
Jacques Delacôte (born 16 August 1942) is a French conductor.  He studied at the Conservatoire de Paris and the Vienna Music Academy.  In 1971, he was chosen the first winner of the Dimitri Mitropoulos Contest.  He also served as an assistant to Leonard Bernstein and Darius Milhaud.  He has conducted many of the world's major orchestras, including the Cleveland Orchestra, New York Philharmonic, London Philharmonic, London Symphony Orchestra, Montreal Symphony Orchestra, and Royal Philharmonic.

Cleveland Orchestra
The Cleveland Orchestra is an American orchestra based in Cleveland, Ohio, United States.  Founded in 1918 by the pianist and impresario Adella Prentiss Hughes, the orchestra is one of the five American orchestras informally referred to as the "Big Five".  The orchestra plays most of its concerts at Severance Music Center. Its current music director is Franz Welser-Möst.
Name binding
In computer programming, name binding is the association of a data or code entity with an identifier. An identifier bound to an entity is said to reference that entity. A machine language has no built-in notion of identifiers, but name-entity binding as a service and notation for the programmer is implemented by higher-level programming languages. Binding is intimately connected with scoping, as scope determines which names bind to which entities – at which locations in the program code (lexically) and in which one of the possible execution paths (temporally).

Use of an identifier id in a context that establishes a binding for id is called a binding (or defining) occurrence. In all other occurrences (e.g., in expressions, assignments, and subprogram calls), an identifier stands for what it is bound to; such occurrences are called applied occurrences.

Programmer
A programmer, computer programmer or coder is an author of computer source code – someone with skill in computer programming.
The professional titles software developer and software engineer may be used for jobs that require a programmer.
Kashif Ali (cricketer, born 1994)
Kashif Ali (born 6 June 1994) is a Pakistani international cricketer. He plays for Rawalpindi and Dolphins in domestic cricket.

He made his List A debut for Rawalpindi against Sui Southern Gas Corporation in the 2018–19 Quaid-e-Azam One Day Cup on 6 September 2018. He made his first-class debut for Northern against Balochistan cricket team in the 2021–22 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy on 17 November 2021. He made his Twenty20 debut for Rawalpindi against Abbottabad in the 2023–24 National T20 Cup on 1 December 2023.

In January 2025 Kashif was called into the Pakistan squad for the home Test series against West Indies. He made his Test debut in the second match of the series on 25 January. He took his first international wicket by dismissing Mikyle Louis in his first over.

In March 2025, he was signed by Kent County Cricket Club to play in the County Championship.

Sui Southern Gas Company cricket team
Sui Southern Gas Company were a first-class cricket team, sponsored by Sui Southern Gas Company, who played in the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy in Pakistan from 2007–08 to 2009–10, and from 2014–15 to 2018–19. In May 2019, Pakistan's Prime Minister Imran Khan revamped the domestic cricket structure in Pakistan, excluding departmental teams in favour of regional sides, therefore ending the participation of the team. The Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) was criticised in removing departmental sides, with players voicing their concern to revive the teams.
Results of the 2022 Malaysian general election by parliamentary constituency
These are the election results of the 2022 Malaysian general election by parliamentary constituency. Results are expected to come after 6 pm, 19 November 2022. Elected members of parliament (MPs) will be representing their constituency from the first sitting of 15th Malaysian Parliament to its dissolution.

The parliamentary election deposit was set at RM10,000 per candidate. Similar to previous elections, the election deposit will be forfeited if the particular candidate had failed to secure at least 12.5% or one-eighth of the votes.

Malaysian ringgit
The Malaysian ringgit ((/ˈrɪŋɡɪt/, Malaysian: [ˈriŋget]); plural: ringgit; symbol: RM; currency code: MYR; Malay name: Ringgit Malaysia; formerly the Malaysian dollar) is the currency of Malaysia. Issued by the Central Bank of Malaysia, it is divided into 100 cents (Malay: sen).
Cuspidaria elegans
Cuspidaria elegans is a species of bivalves in the family Cuspidariidae. It is found at 100–200 m (330–660 ft) in sand and mud. It is reported in Indonesia, the Philippines, the South China Sea (the Xisha Islands), Taiwan and the Beibu Gulf. Its Chinese common name is 华美杓蛤, which translates as "colorful scoop clam".

Gulf of Tonkin
The Gulf of Tonkin is a gulf at the northwestern portion of the South China Sea, located off the coasts of Tonkin (northern Vietnam) and South China. It has a total surface area of 126,250 km2 (48,750 sq mi).  It is defined in the west and northwest by the northern coastline of Vietnam down to the Cồn Cỏ island, in the north by China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and to the east by the Leizhou Peninsula and Hainan Island.

English sources from the People's Republic of China refer to the Gulf of Tonkin as Beibu Wan.
James Crotty (prospector)
James Crotty (c. 1845–1898) was an Irish-born Australian mining prospector who formed a mining company, the North Mount Lyell mining company, in the western region of Tasmania, just before the turn of the twentieth century.

His mining company was in fierce competition with Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company that operated on the western side of Mount Lyell and he was in London seeking further investment funds for his mine when he died.

After he died, and the failure of the North Mount Lyell smelters at Crotty his company was amalgamated with the Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company in 1903.

His estate, being left to the Roman Catholic Church, enabled the completion of St Patrick's Catherdral in Melbourne, Victoria.

His legacy currently is in the name of a now drowned townsite, Crotty, and Crotty Dam.

Mount Lyell (Tasmania)
Mount Lyell is a mountain in the West Coast Range of Western Tasmania, Australia.

Mount Lyell has an elevation of 917 metres (3,009 ft) above sea level. The adjacent mountains are Mount Sedgwick to the north and Mount Owen to the south.

The mountain was named by Charles Gould in 1863 after geologist Charles Lyell, a supporter of Charles Darwin.

Mount Lyell was also the common short name of the Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company.
Hunslet Engine Company
The Hunslet Engine Company is a locomotive building company, founded in 1864 in Hunslet, England. It manufactured steam locomotives for over 100 years and currently manufactures diesel shunting locomotives. The company owns a substantial fleet of Industrial and depot shunting locomotives which are available for hire. The company is part of Ed Murray & Sons Ltd.

Museum of Transport and Technology
The Museum of Transport and Technology (more commonly known as MOTAT) is a transport and technology museum located in Western Springs, Auckland, New Zealand. Established in 1960 and formally opening in 1964 as a location for the preservation of trams and early New Zealand transportation technologies, the museum has large collections of civilian and military aircraft, other land transport vehicles, and includes exhibitions focusing on transportation, science and history. The museum features live exhibits which display working transportation, including the Western Springs tramway, which links the two main sites of the institution, MOTAT Great North Road and the MOTAT Aviation Hall on Motions Road. MOTAT is largely managed by volunteers, supported by full-time professional museum staff.
USS Rose
USS Rose was a screw steamer acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War.

She was used by the Union Navy as a tugboat and ammunition ship in support of the Union Navy blockade of Confederate waterways.

Union navy
The Union navy is used to describe the United States Navy (USN) during the American Civil War, when it fought the Confederate States Navy (CSN). The term is sometimes used to describe vessels of war used on the rivers of the interior under the control of the Union army.
Brosch
Brosch is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Al Brosch (1911–1975), American golfer

Moritz Brosch (1829–1907), German historian

Rudolf Brosch, Austrian fencer

Tebor Brosch (born 1982), Canadian boxer

Yvonne Brosch, German actress and film director

Tebor Brosch
Tebor James Brosch Jr. (born October 9, 1982, in Toronto, Ontario), nicknamed "Mighty", was a Canadian professional boxer. He is the former Canadian Professional Boxing Council (CPBC) welterweight champion.
Destinee Hooker
Destinee Dante Hooker (born September 7, 1987) is an American indoor volleyball player. She is a 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) opposite attacker. Hooker was a member of the United States women's national volleyball team. She starred in both volleyball and track and field at the University of Texas.

United States women's national volleyball team
The United States women's national volleyball team participates in international volleyball competitions and friendly games, and is governed by USA Volleyball. Their last head coach was three-time Olympic gold medalist and retired dominant beach volleyball player Karch Kiraly.

Before 2014, the United States women's national volleyball team had achieved second place six times in major competitions (1967 World Women's Volleyball Championship, 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games, 2002 World Women's Volleyball Championship, 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, 2011 World Cup, 2012 London Olympic Games) but had never reached the top. In 2014, the team had a breakthrough to capture its first major title by defeating China in the Women's Volleyball World Championship final. The team captured its first Olympic gold medal at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.
Carmon
Carmon is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Amalia Kahana-Carmon, Israeli writer

Arye Carmon, Israeli academic

Dominic Carmon, American Roman Catholic prelate

Irin Carmon, Israel-American blogger

Tim Carmon, American keyboardist

Yigal Carmon, founder of Middle East Media Research Institute

Yosef Carmon, Israeli actor

Ziv Carmon, Israeli academic

Dominic Carmon
Dominic Carmon, S.V.D. (December 13, 1930 – November 11, 2018) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of New Orleans from 1993 to 2006.
The Frescoes of Piero della Francesca
The Frescoes of Piero della Francesca (Les Fresques de Piero della Francesca), H. 352, is an orchestral work by Bohuslav Martinů.

It pays homage to the cycle of frescoes The History of the True Cross by Piero della Francesca, which Bohuslav Martinů had admired at Arezzo in 1954.  He was inspired particularly by The Meeting of Solomon and the Queen of Sheba and by Constantine's Dream.

Martinů composed the work in Nice in 1955, and it was first performed in Salzburg by the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Rafael Kubelik on 26 August 1956.  The work is dedicated to Kubelik.

Prague Radio Symphony Orchestra
The Prague Radio Symphony Orchestra (Symfonický orchestr Českého rozhlasu, Czech acronym SOČR, English acronym PRSO) is a Czech broadcast orchestra based in Prague, the Czech Republic. The SOČR performs concerts at the Dvořák Hall of the Rudolfinum, at the Forum Karlín and the Convent of Saint Agnes in Prague, as well as Studio 1 of Czech Radio in Prague.
Lloyd Moseby
Lloyd Anthony Moseby (born November 5, 1959) is an American former Major League Baseball player. A center fielder, and good all-around athlete, Moseby's nickname, "Shaker", was said to stem from his ability to get away from or "shake" players who attempted to defend him on the basketball court.

Basketball court
In basketball, the basketball court is the playing surface, consisting of a rectangular floor, with baskets at each end. Indoor basketball courts are almost always made of polished wood, usually maple, with 10 feet (3.048 m)-high rims on each basket. Outdoor surfaces are generally made from standard paving materials such as concrete or asphalt. International competitions may use glass basketball courts.
Beaver Creek (Wichita River tributary)
Beaver Creek (Wichita River) is a river in Texas.

The waterway originates in western Foard County, five miles west of Crowell, and runs to the southeast for ninety miles, into Wilbarger County and then Wichita County, with its mouth at the Wichita River.  Dams in Wilbarger County created both Santa Rosa Lake and Lake Electra.   Middle Beaver Creek and South Beaver Creek are tributaries.

It was first named Rio Eutaw or Utah.

Foard County, Texas
Foard County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,095. Its county seat is Crowell, which is also the county's only incorporated community. The county is named for Robert Levi Foard, an attorney who served as a major with the Confederate Army, in the American Civil War.

Foard County was one of 46 prohibitions, or entirely dry, counties in the state of Texas until voters approved a referendum to permit the legal sale of alcoholic beverages in May 2006.