hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Casablanca Metro
The Casablanca Metro was a public transport project dating from the 1970s in Casablanca, Morocco. It was designed to address the need for public transport in Casablanca, which suffers from traffic congestion caused by the city's growth. The project was abandoned and then reopened several times, most recently in 2013, when the city announced that it will build a 15-kilometer long metro line above ground, connecting the city's Sidi Moumen neighbourhood with the Boulevard de la Corniche near the Hassan II Mosque. However, on June 30, 2014, the Casablanca city council decided to abandon the metro project due to high costs; instead, the city will focus on expanding its existing tram lines.

Sidi Moumen
Sidi Moumen (Arabic: سيدي مومن) is an arrondissement and northeastern suburb of Casablanca, in the Sidi Bernoussi district of the Casablanca-Settat region of Morocco. As of 2004 it had 289,253 inhabitants. It contains shanty towns from where the terrorists of the 2003 and 2007 Casablanca bombings came (mainly from the former Karian Thoma).
Silay Al Khatami
Silay Al Khatami (Arabic: سالي الخثامي, romanized: Silay Al Khatamī) is a small agricultural and livestock village, located in the northeast of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), in the Hajar Mountains, Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah.

The town has about 30 houses, many of them rebuilt and renovated following a traditional style, stone huts and cabins; terraces supported by dry stone walls, without mortar, which allow water and soil to be retained, intended for pastures and other agricultural uses; gutters to collect runoff water; cisterns; sheepfolds; and other constructions. The existence of several small cemeteries also draws a lot of attention.

In recent years, a dirt track of almost 4 km (2.5 mi) was built, allowing access to the town by all-terrain vehicle, from the Wadi Qada'ah, which has greatly facilitated supplies and allowed the rapid development of the town, currently used as a second residence for some of its inhabitants.

Dry stone
Dry stone, dry laid in the USA, or drystack or, in Scotland and Northern England, drystane, is a building method by which structures are constructed from stones without any mortar to bind them together. A certain amount of binding is obtained through the use of carefully selected interlocking stones.

Dry stone construction is best known in the context of stone walls, traditionally used for the boundaries of fields and churchyards, or as retaining walls for terracing, but dry stone shelters, houses and other structures also exist.  The term tends not to be used for the many historic styles which used precisely-shaped stone, but did not use mortar, for example the Greek temple and Inca architecture.

The art of dry stone walling was inscribed in 2018 on the UNESCO representative list of the intangible cultural heritage of humanity, for dry stone walls in countries such as France, Greece, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Switzerland and Spain. In 2024, Ireland was added to the list.
Colletes speculiferus
Colletes speculiferus, also known as the beach dune cellophone bee, is a species of bee on the subfamily Colletinae It is native to the eastern regions of the United States. They visit many flowers such as Aster, Haplopappus, Pentstemon, Solidago, Melilotus alba and Erigeon quercifolius.

Aster (genus)
Aster is a genus of perennial flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Its circumscription has been narrowed, and it now encompasses around 170 species, all but one of which are restricted to Eurasia; many species formerly in Aster are now in other genera of the tribe Astereae. Aster amellus is the type species of the genus and the family Asteraceae.

The name Aster comes from the Ancient Greek word ἀστήρ (astḗr), meaning 'star', referring to the shape of the flower head. Many species, varieties, and hybrids, sometimes known as Michaelmas daisies for their late blooming, are popular as garden plants because of their attractive and colourful flowers. 'Aster' species are used as food plants by the larvae of a number of Lepidoptera species.
Sursock family
The Sursock family (also spelled Sursuq) is a Greek Orthodox Christian family from Lebanon, and used to be one of the most important families of Beirut. Having originated in Constantinople during the Byzantine Empire, the family has lived in Beirut since 1712, when their forefather Jabbour Aoun (who later adopted the family name Sursock) left the village of Berbara. After the turn of the 19th century, they began to establish significant positions of power within the Ottoman Empire. The family, through lucrative business ventures, savvy political maneuvering, and strategic marriages, embarked on what Leila Fawaz called "the most spectacular social climb of the nineteenth century," and, at their peak, had built a close network of relations to the families of Egyptian, French, Irish, Russian, Italian and German aristocracies, alongside a manufacturing and distribution empire spanning the Mediterranean.

Dragoman
A dragoman (ترجمان) was an interpreter, translator, and official guide between Turkish-, Arabic-, and Persian-speaking countries and polities of the Middle East and European embassies, consulates, vice-consulates and trading posts. A dragoman had to have a knowledge of Arabic, Persian, Turkish, and European languages.

In the Ottoman Empire, dragomans were mainly members of the Ottoman Greek community, who possessed considerable multilingual skills, because Greek trading communities did substantial business in the markets of the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean. To a lesser extent, other communities with international commercial links, notably the Armenians, were recruited.
Agha Petros
Petros Elia of Baz (Syriac: ܦܸܛܪܘܿܣ ܐܹܠܝ݂ܵܐ ܕܒܵܙ; 1 April 1880 – 2 February 1932), better known as Agha Petros (Syriac: ܐܓܐ ܦܛܪܘܣ), was an Assyrian military leader and warlord, best known for his role during World War I. He commanded both Assyrian and Armenian forces that defeated Ottoman, Kurdish, and Qajar armies in multiple battles across Mesopotamia and Persia, and he also led ethnic conflicts against Kurdish tribes within the region.

Kurdish tribes
Kurdish tribes are tribes of Kurdish people, an Iranian ethnic group from the geo-cultural region of Kurdistan in Western Asia.

The tribes are socio-political and generally also a territorial unit based on descent and kinship, real or putative, with a characteristic internal structure. They are naturally divided into a number of sub-tribes, and each of these sub-tribes again are divided into smaller units: clans, lineages and households.
Kris Schildermans
Kris Schildermans (born 8 April 1984 in Neerpelt) is a Belgian long track speed skater who participates in international competitions.

By 11 January 2009, Schildermans was placed 262nd on the Adelskalender, the ranking list of all-time personal bests.

Neerpelt
Neerpelt (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈneːrpɛlt] ⓘ, lit. 'Lower Pelt') is a town in Pelt and a former municipality located in the Belgian province of Limburg. In 2018, the municipality had a total population of 17,174. The total area is 42.78 km2.

Effective 1 January 2019, Neerpelt and Overpelt were merged into the new municipality of Pelt.
Pinta Trail (Texas)
The Pinta Trail is a historic trail in Central Texas that was first traveled by indigenous tribes, and later explorers, settlers, soldiers, and travelers. The 19th-century Germans who settled the Texas Hill Country used part of the Pinta Trail on their journey northward from New Braunfels to found Fredericksburg. A historic battle between a Texas Rangers patrol and a band of Comanches is often said to have occurred near a ford where the Pinta Trail crossed the Guadalupe River.

Fredericksburg, Texas
Fredericksburg is a city in and the county seat of Gillespie County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 Census, this city had a population of 10,875.

Fredericksburg was founded in 1846 and named after Prince Frederick of Prussia. Old-time German residents often referred to Fredericksburg as Fritztown, a nickname that is still used in some businesses. It is located 70 miles northwest of San Antonio, and approximately 80 miles west of Austin. This city is also notable as the center of Texas German, a dialect spoken by the first generations of German settlers who initially refused to learn English. Fredericksburg shares many cultural characteristics with New Braunfels, which had been established by Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels the previous year. Fredericksburg is the birthplace of Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz. It is the sister city of Montabaur, Germany. On October 14, 1970, the Fredericksburg Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in Texas.
Leon Lillie
Leon Michael Lillie (born June 1961) is an American politician serving in the Minnesota House of Representatives since 2005. A member of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL), Lillie represents District 44B in the Twin Cities metropolitan area, which includes the cities of Oakdale, North St. Paul, and Maplewood and parts of Ramsey and Washington Counties.

Maplewood, Minnesota
Maplewood is a city in Ramsey County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 42,088 at the 2020 census. Maplewood is ten minutes' drive from downtown Saint Paul. It stretches along the northern and eastern borders of Saint Paul.

Maplewood is home to the corporate headquarters and main campus of 3M Corporation. The city is also home to the Maplewood Mall and St. John's Hospital.
The Strawberry Roan (song)
"The Strawberry Roan" is a classic American cowboy song, written by California cowboy Curley Fletcher and first published in 1915, as a poem called The Outlaw Broncho. By the early 1930s, the song had become famous; in 1931 it was sung by a cowboy in the Broadway play Green Grow the Lilacs. It has become one of the best-known cowboy songs, found in dozens of collections of American folk music and performed on numerous recordings. Members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time.

The song tells the story of a bragging horse breaker who meets his match in a picturesque strawberry roan.

Horse training
Horse training refers to a variety of practices that teach horses to perform certain behaviors when commanded to do so by humans. Horses are trained to be manageable by humans for everyday care as well as for equestrian activities, ranging anywhere from equine sports such as horse racing, dressage, or jumping, to therapeutic horseback riding for people with disabilities.

Historically, horses were trained for warfare, farm work, sport and transport purposes. Today, most horse training is geared toward making horses useful for a variety of recreational and sporting equestrian pursuits. Horses are also trained for specialized jobs from movie stunt work to police and crowd control activities, circus entertainment, and equine-assisted psychotherapy.

There is controversy over various methods of horse training and even some of the words used to describe these methods. Some techniques are considered cruel and others are considered humane.
Husref Redžić
Husref Redžić (1919 – 29 April 1984) was a Bosnian architect, historian of architecture, specifically Islamic and medieval art and Islamic and medieval architecture of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Yugoslavia.

Medieval architecture
Medieval architecture was the art and science of designing and constructing buildings in the Middle Ages. The major styles of the period included pre-Romanesque, Romanesque, and Gothic. In the fifteenth century, architects began to favour classical forms again, in the Renaissance style, marking the end of the medieval period. Many examples of religious, civic, and military architecture from the Middle Ages survive throughout Europe.
Sealed with a Kiss (2015 TV series)
Sealed with a Kiss (Chinese: 吻我吧，住家男) is a Singaporean romance drama produced and telecast on MediaCorp Channel 8. The drama began production in April 2015 and began its run from 27 August 2015. The show aired at 9pm on weekdays and had a repeat telecast at 8am the following day. The series stars Rebecca Lim, Elvin Ng, Zhang Zhenhuan and Carrie Wong as the main casts of the series.

Channel 8 (Singaporean TV channel)
Channel 8 (Chinese: 8頻道) is a Singaporean Mandarin-language free-to-air terrestrial television channel in Singapore, owned by state media conglomerate Mediacorp. The channel broadcasts general entertainment and news programming in the Mandarin language, including original and imported programming.

The channel began a series of experimental broadcasts on 31 August 1963, and officially launched on 22 November 1963. As with its sister Channel 5, the channel initially aired programming in all four of Singapore's official languages, with Channel 8 initially having a particular focus on the Chinese and Tamil communities. In 1973, this scope was formalised, with Channel 8 primarily broadcasting Chinese and Tamil-language programmes. In compliance with the government's Speak Mandarin Campaign, Chinese programming on the channel later broadcast solely in Mandarin Chinese. In 1995, Tamil programmes moved to Prime 12, with Channel 8 focusing exclusively on Mandarin programming.
Clayton Andrews (baseball, born 1978)
Clayton Andrews (born May 15, 1978) is an American former left-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball.

Andrews was taken in the third round of the 1996 amateur draft by the Toronto Blue Jays.  His only major league appearances came with the Blue Jays in the 2000 season, where he racked up an ERA of 10.02 in 20 2/3 innings.  His record in eight games was 1–2 with one game finished.  His lone major league win came on May 28 against the Detroit Tigers at Comerica Park where he pitched 4 hitless, scoreless innings of relief in a 12-7 Blue Jays victory.

He was traded to the Cincinnati Reds after the 2000 season with Leo Estrella for Steve Parris, and last pitched professionally in 2007 for the Lancaster Barnstormers of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball.

1996 Major League Baseball draft
The 1996 Major League Baseball draft was an annual choosing of high school and college baseball players that was held on June 4 and 5, 1996. A total of 1740 players were drafted over the course of 100 rounds.

This is the only draft to last 100 rounds. The last player taken was outfielder Aron Amundson, drafted by the New York Yankees in the 100th round.

This draft is also notable because a record four first-round draft picks were not offered contracts by the teams that drafted them and subsequently became free agents. Under Major League Baseball's Collective Bargaining Agreement, the teams had been required to offer a written contract within fifteen days of the draft, but that rule had been ignored for decades prior to this draft. Agent Scott Boras challenged the White Sox on their lack of an offered contract for Bobby Seay and filed grievances on behalf of John Patterson and Matt White. Travis Lee's advisers followed suit.
2001 Canadian federal budget
The Canadian federal budget for the fiscal year 2001–02 was presented by Minister of Finance Paul Martin in the House of Commons on December 10, 2001.  It was known as the "Security Budget" for its focus on security after the September 11 attacks in the United States.

This was the last budget presented by Paul Martin as Minister of Finance. It was marked by the poor Canadian economy of the previous year that saw very slow growth. In order to keep the budget balanced, Martin proposed only limited new spending. The largest outlay was $7.7 billion over five years to improve security.

Minister of Finance (Canada)
The minister of finance (French: ministre des Finances) is the minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet, who is responsible for overseeing the Department of Finance and presenting the federal government's budget each year. It is one of the most important positions in the Cabinet.

François-Philippe Champagne is the 42nd and current finance minister, assuming the role March 14, 2025 as a member of the new 30th Canadian Ministry of Mark Carney.
Tillatoba Creek
Tillatoba Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Mississippi. It is a tributary to the Tallahatchie River.

Ittillittoba is a name derived from the Choctaw language purported to mean "white dead tree". Variant names are "Ittillittoba Creek", "Middle Tillatoba Creek", and "South Fork Tillatoba Creek".

Choctaw language
The Choctaw language (Choctaw: Chahta), spoken by the Choctaw, an Indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands, US, is a member of the Muskogean language family. Chickasaw is a separate but closely related language to Choctaw.

The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma published the New Choctaw dictionary in 2016.
Tatilti
Tatilti was an ancient town of the Byzantine and Roman Empires in the Roman province of Mauretania Caesariensis. It is identifiable with the modern town of Souk El Khemis, Algeria.

The town was the site of a Roman Army camp, as evidenced by numerous inscription in the area.

The town was also the seat of the ancient bishopric of Tatiltensis. Although the diocese ceased to effectively function with the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb, the diocese continues in name at least as a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.  Tatiltensis current bishop is Eulises Gonzáles Sánchez of Colombia.

Known bishops

Donato  (fl.484)

Jesus Y. Varela (1967–1971)

Giovanni Décimo Pellegrini (1972–1992)

Adalberto Martínez Flores (1997–2000)

Eulises González Sánchez (2000–current)

Roman army
The Roman Army (Latin: Exercitus Romanus) served ancient Rome and the Roman people enduring through the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC), the Roman Republic (509–27 BC), and the Roman Empire (27 BC – AD 476/1453), including the Western Roman Empire (collapsed AD 476/480) and the Eastern Roman Empire (collapsed AD 1453). It is thus a term that broadly spans approximately 2,206 years, during which the force underwent numerous permutations in size, composition, organization, equipment and tactics, while conserving a core of lasting traditions.
XDNA (multi-graphics)
The xDNA technology is a technology designed by Diamond Multimedia, allowing motherboards which are not certified for ATI CrossFire (for instance, nForce 500/600 series motherboards designed by Nvidia) to install multiple ATI Radeon video cards (up to four) as a CrossFire setup and operate in rendering modes which are exclusively made for CrossFire setups. Diamond Multimedia will provide optimized Catalyst drivers and middleware for the platform in a single package.

Diamond Multimedia
Diamond Multimedia is an American company that specializes in many forms of multimedia technology. They have produced graphics cards, motherboards, modems, sound cards and MP3 players; however, the company began with the production of the TrackStar, an add-on card for IBM PC compatibles which emulates Apple II computers. They were one of the major players in the 2D and early 3D graphics card competition throughout the 1990s and early 2000s.

Diamond Multimedia is a subsidiary of Tul Corporation.
Eric Katz
Eric Katz is a mathematician working in combinatorial algebraic geometry and arithmetic geometry. He is currently an associate professor in the Department of Mathematics at Ohio State University.

In joint work with Karim Adiprasito and June Huh, he resolved the Heron–Rota–Welsh conjecture on the log-concavity of the characteristic polynomial of matroids. With Joseph Rabinoff and David Zureick-Brown, he has given bounds on rational and torsion points on curves.

Torsion of a curve
In geometry and kinematics, the torsion of a curve measures how sharply it is twisting out of the osculating plane.  Taken together, the curvature and the torsion of a space curve are analogous to the curvature of a plane curve. For example, they are coefficients in the system of differential equations for the Frenet frame given by the Frenet–Serret formulas.
Peter Morton Day
Peter Morton Day (August 1, 1914 – May 5, 1984) was a lay journalist and ecumenical leader in the Episcopal Church in the United States in the twentieth century. Born in East Chicago, Indiana, he was a graduate of Dartmouth College (cum laude 1935). He was editor of The Living Church weekly magazine, based in Milwaukee, from 1952 to 1964, having joined the magazine's staff in 1935. He was also president of the Wisconsin Federation of Settlements and Neighborhood Centers. He served as president of Associated Church Press in 1955 and 1956.

Day was appointed first national ecumenical officer of the Episcopal Church by Presiding Bishop Arthur C. Lichtenberger in 1964, serving on dialogue committees with Lutheran, Roman Catholic, and other Christian bodies in North America as well as with the Russian Orthodox Church. Day died in Milwaukee after a prolonged struggle with Alzheimer's Disease.

Arthur C. Lichtenberger
Arthur Carl Lichtenberger (January 8, 1900 – September 3, 1968) was a bishop of the Episcopal Church in the United States. He served as Bishop of Missouri from 1952 to 1959, and as presiding bishop of the Episcopal Church from 1958 to 1964.
Billboard Regional Mexican Albums Year-end Chart, 1980s
The Year-End charts for the Regional Mexican Albums chart in the 1980s are published in the last issue of Billboard magazine every year. The chart was based on information provided by Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems, which collected a survey from music retail shops and one-stop sales in the United States until May 1991 when the methodology was changed to include point-of-sale data compiled from Nielsen SoundScan. The Year-End charts represent aggregated numbers from the weekly charts that were compiled for each artist, album and record company.

Broadcast Data Systems
Broadcast Data Systems (also known as Nielsen BDS, BDS or Luminate BDS) was a service that tracks radio, television and internet airplay of songs. The service, which is a unit of MRC Data, is a contributing factor to North American charts published by co-owned magazine Billboard, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Canadian Hot 100, when combined with sales and streaming data from Soundscan.

BDS monitors airplay on more than 2,000 radio stations, satellite radio, and cable music channels across the United States (including Puerto Rico), Canada, and Mexico. Luminate distributes BDS airplay data in their suite of music data products, including Music Connect, BDSRadio, BDS RealTime, ENcore and Musictracking.

From August 2006 to its final June 2009 publication, BDS also provided chart data for R&R after Nielsen acquired the trade. On September 10, 2009, the website Radio-Info.com struck a partnership with Nielsen BDS to provide radio airplay charts and related data for over 20 formats.
Dunton
Dunton is the name of more than one place.

In the United Kingdom:

Dunton, Bedfordshire

Dunton, Buckinghamshire

Dunton, Norfolk

Dunton Bassett, Leicestershire

Dunton Green, Kent

Dunton, Essex

Dunton Wayletts, Essex

Dunton Technical Centre, Essex

Dunton Bassett
Dunton Bassett is a small village in the Harborough district of Leicestershire, England. It lies between Leicester and Lutterworth, and close to Broughton Astley, Ashby Magna & Leire. It had a population of 795 at the 2001 United Kingdom census, falling to 759 at the 2011 census.