hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edgar Leopold Layard
Edgar Leopold Layard CMG FZS MBOU, (23 July 1824 – 1 January 1900) was a British diplomat and a naturalist mainly interested in ornithology and to a lesser extent the molluscs. He worked for a significant part of his life in Ceylon and later in South Africa, Fiji and New Caledonia. He studied the zoology of these places and established natural history museums in Sri Lanka and South Africa. Several species of animals are named after him.

British Ornithologists' Union
The British Ornithologists' Union (BOU) aims to encourage the study of birds (ornithology) around the world in order to understand their biology and aid their conservation. The BOU was founded in 1858 by Professor Alfred Newton, Henry Baker Tristram and other scientists.  Its quarterly journal, Ibis, has been published continuously since 1859.

The Records Committee (BOURC) is a committee of the BOU established to maintain the British List, the official list of birds recorded in Great Britain.

BOU is headquartered in Peterborough and is a registered charity in England & Wales and Scotland.
Hershey's Kisses
Hershey's Kisses are  chocolates first produced by the Hershey Company in 1907. The bite-sized pieces of chocolate have a distinctive conical shape, sometimes described as flat-bottomed teardrops. Hershey's Kisses chocolates are wrapped in squares of lightweight aluminum foil. A narrow strip of paper, called a plume, protrudes from the top of each Hershey's Kiss wrapper. Originally designed as a flag for the "Hershey's" brand, the printed paper plumes were added to the Kisses product wrapper in 1921 to distinguish the Hershey's Kiss from its competitors who were offering similar products.

Drop (liquid)
A drop or droplet is a small column of liquid, bounded completely or almost completely by free surfaces. A drop may form when liquid accumulates at the end of a tube or other surface boundary, producing a hanging drop called a pendant drop. Drops may also be formed by the condensation of a vapor or by atomization of a larger mass of solid. Water vapor will condense into droplets depending on the temperature. The temperature at which droplets form is called the dew point.
Aspergillus indologenus
Aspergillus indologenus is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It belongs to the group of black Aspergilli which are important industrial workhorses. A. indologenus belongs to the Nigri section. The species was first described in 2011. It was isolated from soil in India and found to produce insecticidal compounds okaramins A, B, H, and two types of indol-alkaloids which have not been structure elucidated.

The genome of A. indologenus was sequenced and published in 2014 as part of the Aspergillus whole-genome sequencing project – a project dedicated to performing whole-genome sequencing of all members of the genus Aspergillus. The genome assembly size was 38.59 Mbp.

Sequencing
In genetics and biochemistry, sequencing means to determine the primary structure (sometimes incorrectly called the primary sequence) of an unbranched biopolymer.  Sequencing results in a symbolic linear depiction known as a sequence which succinctly summarizes much of the atomic-level structure of the sequenced molecule.
Sir Robert Jenkinson, 1st Baronet
Sir Robert Jenkinson, 1st Baronet (1621 – 30 March 1677), was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1654 to 1659.

Jenkinson was the son of Sir Robert Jenkinson of Walcot, Oxfordshire, and his wife Anna-Maria Lee, daughter of Sir Robert Lee of Billeslee. He matriculated at Trinity College, Oxford, aged 16 on 16 December 1636 and was called to the bar at Inner Temple in 1649.

In 1654, Jenkinson was elected Member of Parliament for Oxfordshire in the First Protectorate Parliament. He was re-elected MP for Oxfordshire in 1656 for the Second Protectorate Parliament and in 1659 for the Third Protectorate Parliament. He was created baronet on 18 May 1661.

Jenkinson died at the age of 56.

Jenkinson married Mary Banks, daughter of Sir John Bankes of Kingston Hall, Dorset. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his son Robert.

Third Protectorate Parliament
The Third Protectorate Parliament sat for one session, from 27 January 1659 until 22 April 1659, with Chaloner Chute and Thomas Bampfylde as the Speakers of the House of Commons. It was a bicameral Parliament, with an Upper House having a power of veto over the Commons.
Public exchange
A public exchange is a trading venue open to all interested parties (many sellers and many buyers) that use a common technology platform and that are usually run by third parties or industry consortia. Public exchanges support community activities like distributing industry news, sponsoring online discussion groups, blogging and providing research.

Consortium
A consortium (pl. consortiums or consortia) is an association of two or more individuals, companies, organizations, or governments (or any combination of these entities) with the objective of participating in a common activity or pooling their resources for achieving a common goal. Consortia are generally nonprofit with a goal to help its members improve their competitiveness in the specific field.

Consortium is a Latin word meaning "partnership", "association", or "society", and derives from consors ("shared in property"), itself from con- ("together") and sors ("fate").
Welcoming Congregation
A welcoming congregation can be:

Any of several LGBTQ-affirming religious groups and their LGBTQ welcoming programs such as, 
Unitarian Universalist (UU) communities that have gone through the UU Welcoming Congregation program

Unitarian Universalism and LGBTQ people
Unitarian Universalism, as practiced by the Unitarian Universalist Association (UUA), and the Canadian Unitarian Council (CUC), is a non-creedal and liberal theological tradition and an LGBTQ-affirming denomination.

The full participation of laypeople and the ordination of  lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people who are open about their sexuality or gender identity; are sexually active if lesbian, gay, or bisexual; or are in same-sex relationships are permitted and welcomed by Unitarian Universalist organizations.
Off Kilter (band)
Off Kilter was a Celtic rock band. Off Kilter was formed in 1997, and performed regularly at Epcot from their inception in 1997 through September 27, 2014. Their first album, Off Kilter, included some traditional songs like "Dirty Old Town" and "Fields of Athenry" as well as covers of popular rock songs generally from Canadian artists such as "Takin' Care of Business" and "Summer of '69." They have also produced covers of the Battlefield Band's "The Rovin' Dies Hard". It was announced on August 28, 2014, that Off Kilter's final performance at Epcot would be September 27, 2014. They were replaced with a lumberjack-inspired show at the Canada pavilion, which was canceled November, 2015. Off Kilter announced their disbanding on December 11, 2021.

Celtic rock
Celtic rock is a genre of folk rock, as well as a form of Celtic fusion which incorporates Celtic music, instrumentation and themes into a rock music context. It has been prolific since the early 1970s and can be seen as a key foundation of the development of successful mainstream Celtic bands and popular musical performers, as well as creating important derivatives through further fusions. It has played a major role in the maintenance and definition of regional and national identities and in fostering a pan-Celtic culture. It has also helped to communicate those cultures to external audiences.
Tyler Motte
Tyler Motte (born March 10, 1995) is an American professional ice hockey player who is a forward. He most recently played on a professional try-out for the Charlotte Checkers of the American Hockey League (AHL). Motte was drafted 121st overall by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 2013 NHL entry draft, and spent 33 games with the team in 2017 before being traded to the Columbus Blue Jackets. He has also played for the Vancouver Canucks, New York Rangers, Ottawa Senators, Tampa Bay Lightning, and Detroit Red Wings.

United States men's national junior ice hockey team
The United States men's national junior ice hockey team represents the United States at the IIHF World Junior Championship.

The team has won the World Junior Championships seven times. (2004, 2010, 2013, 2017, 2021, 2024, 2025). Many NHL prospects, including John Carlson, Jack Eichel, Auston Matthews, Patrick Kane, Zach Parise, Adam Fox and Matthew Tkachuk, played on the national junior team.
2024 Mubadala Citi DC Open – Men's singles
Sebastian Korda defeated Flavio Cobolli in the final, 4–6, 6–2, 6–0 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2024 Washington Open. It was Korda's second ATP Tour title, first ATP 500 title, first title since 2021, and first hardcourt title after previous five hardcourt runner-up finishes. Both players saved match points en route to the final: Korda saved two in his third-round match against Thanasi Kokkinakis, while Cobolli saved five in his third-round match against Alejandro Davidovich Fokina. Korda's father Petr won the title at the same tournament in 1992, marking the first time that a father-son duo won the same ATP tournament.

Dan Evans was the reigning champion, but chose to compete in the Olympic Games instead.

Flavio Cobolli
Flavio Cobolli (born 6 May 2002) is an Italian professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 17 and a doubles ranking of No. 185, both achieved on 28 July 2025. He is currently the No. 3 male singles player from Italy.

Cobolli has won two ATP Tour singles titles, at the 2025 Țiriac Open and at the 2025 Hamburg Open. He was part of the Italian team that won the 2025 Davis Cup.
Charles Moore (photographer)
Charles Lee Moore (March 9, 1931 – March 11, 2010) was an American photographer known for his photographs documenting the Civil Rights Movement. Probably his  most famous photo is of Martin Luther King Jr.'s arrest for loitering on September 3, 1958. It is this photo that sparked Moore's involvement in the Civil Rights Movement.

Loitering
Loitering is the act of standing or waiting around idly without apparent purpose in some public places.

While the laws regarding loitering have been challenged and changed over time, loitering of suspect people can be illegal in some jurisdictions and some specific circumstances.
Yuantong Temple
Yuantong Temple (simplified Chinese: 圆通寺; traditional Chinese: 圓通寺; pinyin: Yuántōng Sì) is an ancient Buddhist temple in Kunming, Yunnan, China. It is located in a protected natural depression and in recent years it has been expanded with funding from Thailand. In the 1950s, it hosted a grand ceremony to greet and send on the sacred teeth of the Buddha and so became important in Southeast Asia.

Buddhist temple
A Buddhist temple or Buddhist monastery is the place of worship for adherents of Buddhism. They include the structures called vihara, chaitya, stupa, wat, khurul and pagoda in different regions and languages. Temples in Buddhism represent the pure land or pure environment of a Buddha. Traditional Buddhist temples are designed to inspire both inner and outer peace.

Buddhist temples follow a set of architectural guides adhering to Buddhist architecture principal, with stylistic derivatives seen throughout South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia.
Archips audax
Archips audax is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on the island of Honshu in Japan.

The moth is 17–25 mm for males and 21–30 mm for females.

The larvae feed on Quercus acutissima, Quercus serrata, Quercus variabilis, Abies, Castanea and Larix species.

Fir
Firs are evergreen coniferous trees belonging to the genus Abies (Latin: [ˈabieːs]) in the family Pinaceae. There are approximately 48–65 extant species, found on mountains throughout much of North and Central America, Eurasia, and North Africa. The genus is most closely related to Keteleeria, a small genus confined to eastern Asia.

They are tall trees that can be distinguished from other members of the pine family by the way in which their needle-like leaves are attached singly to the branches with a circular base, and by their cones, which, like those of cedars, stand upright on the branches like candles and disintegrate at maturity.

The wood of firs is used for pulp to make paper, for plywood, and for indoor construction. Some species serve as Christmas trees, while others are used as decorative trees with their brightly coloured cones. In art, Lucas Cranach the Elder painted Madonna under the fir tree for Wrocław Cathedral in 1510.
Acrocercops melanoplecta
Acrocercops melanoplecta is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Hong Kong, India  (Meghalaya), Japan (Honshū, Tusima and the Ryukyu Islands), Nepal and Taiwan.

The wingspan is 7-10.8 mm.

The larvae feed on Castanopsis cuspidata, Castanopsis fissa, Castanopsis hystrix and Castanopsis tribuloides. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Castanopsis tribuloides
Castanopsis tribuloides is a species of flowering plant in the beech family Fagaceae, native to the Himayalas and higher areas of mainland Southeast Asia. In Vietnam it is cultivated for its edible nuts, and in India it is coppiced for firewood.
Julián Speroni
Julián Maria Speroni (Spanish pronunciation: [xuˈljan espeˈɾoni]; born 18 May 1979) is an Argentine former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

Having started his career at Platense, he played three seasons in the Scottish Premier League with Dundee before joining Crystal Palace for £750,000 in 2004. His first three seasons at Selhurst Park saw him largely play understudy to Gábor Király who made the goalkeeping spot his own. This was until the Hungarian departed Selhurst Park at the end of the 2006–07 season. Back in the line-up Speroni flourished and won his reputation back. He went on to play 405 matches across all competitions for the club. On 9 May 2019, it was announced that Speroni would leave Crystal Palace at the end of the 2018–19 season.

2007–08 Crystal Palace F.C. season
The 2007–08 season was Crystal Palace Football Club's third consecutive season in The Championship. Manager Peter Taylor was sacked on 8 October 2007 and replaced by former Sheffield United manager Neil Warnock on 11 October 2007.
2013 Intersport Heilbronn Open
The 2013 Intersport Heilbronn Open was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 25th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2013 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Heilbronn, Germany between 23 and 29 January 2013.

Dominik Meffert
Dominik Meffert (born 9 April 1981) is a German former professional tennis player. He qualified for the 2007 US Open, his only Grand Slam singles competition, but lost in the first round. He recorded a first round victory over 2003 French Open Champion Juan Carlos Ferrero at the 2010 Gerry Weber Open.
All horses are the same color
All horses are the same color is a falsidical paradox that arises from a flawed use of mathematical induction to prove the statement All horses are the same color. There is no actual contradiction, as these arguments have a crucial flaw that makes them incorrect. This example was originally raised by George Pólya in a 1954 book in different terms: "Are any n numbers equal?" or "Any n girls have eyes of the same color", as an exercise in mathematical induction. It has also been restated as "All cows have the same color".

The "horses" version of the paradox was presented in 1961 in a satirical article by Joel E. Cohen. It was stated as a lemma, which in particular allowed the author to "prove" that Alexander the Great did not exist, and he had an infinite number of limbs.

Joel E. Cohen
Joel Ephraim Cohen NAS AAA&S APS CFR AAAS (born  February 10, 1944) is a mathematical biologist. He is Abby Rockefeller Mauzé Professor of Populations at the Rockefeller University in New York City as of 2025 and at the Earth Institute of Columbia University, where he holds a joint appointment in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, the Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, and the School of International and Public Affairs. He is also a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.
Kim Liên Museum
The Kim Liên Museum (Vietnamese: Khu di tích lịch sử Kim Liên) is a museum that was the childhood home of Ho Chi Minh in Làng Sen, Kim Liên village, Nam Đàn district, Nghệ An Province, Vietnam.

The museum is located 2 km from the temple of Hoàng Trù. Hoàng Trù is near his mother's home, where Ho Chi Minh was actually born. Ho lived here from 1890 to 1895 when his father Nguyễn Sinh Sắc served as vice-magistrate.

The building consists of a palm-leaf thatch roof and bamboo wattle walls, a reconstruction of the original in 1959. A family altar built of brick is located nearby. Other buildings of the complex are built in Vietnamese temple architectural style and as such, were not present when Ho lived there.

There is a gift shop, and admission to the museum is free.

Vietnamese architecture
Vietnamese architecture (Vietnamese: Kiến trúc Việt Nam) is the architectural style used by the Vietnamese through the process of historical development and the absorption and integration of regional and international architectures. Vietnamese architecture is reflected in the works from đình, shrines, temples, nhà thờ họ, citadels, palaces and housing architecture.
Azerbaijan in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2025
Azerbaijan was represented at the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2025 with "Miau miau", written by Diana Hajiyeva, Hafiz Bakhish, Mila Miles and Rustam Rzayev, and performed by Yağmur. The Azerbaijani participating broadcaster, İctimai Televiziya (İTV), internally selected its entry for the contest.

İctimai Television
İctimai Television (İTV; Azerbaijani: İctimai Televiziya, lit. 'Public Television', [itʃtimɑˈi teleˈvizijɑ]) is a public television channel in Azerbaijan. After its legal creation in 2004, the station began broadcasting on 29 August 2005, making it the first independent public broadcaster in Azerbaijan. The channel is based in Baku.
BLDGBLOG
BLDGBLOG is an architecture and design blog founded in 2004 by writer and educator Geoff Manaugh. Manaugh is a former editor at Dwell, former Editor-in-Chief at Gizmodo, and a contributing editor at Wired UK. In an academic capacity, Manaugh has taught design and theory at the Columbia University GSAPP, the University of Southern California, and the Southern California Institute of Architecture.

The blog covers topics such as urban speculation, technology, and landscape. It has been covered by publications including The Wall Street Journal, The Atlantic and The Architectural Review. Manaugh's book A Burglar's Guide to the City was published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux and was named by Amazon as one of the best books of 2016.

The Architectural Review
The Architectural Review is a monthly international architectural magazine. It has been published in London since 1896. Its articles cover the built environment – which includes landscape, building design, interior design and urbanism – as well as theory of these subjects.
Khaidi Kannayya
Khaidi Kannayya (transl. Convict Kannayya) is a 1962 Indian Telugu-language crime film directed by B. Vittalacharya and produced by Pothina Doondeswara Rao. It is a remake of the Hindi film Qaidi No. 911 (1959). The film stars Kantha Rao, Rajanala, Gummadi, Relangi, Rajasulochana and Girija. It was released on 1 March 1962, and became a success.

Girija (actress)
Dasari Girija (3 March 1938 – 5 September 1995) was an Indian actress who has worked in Telugu films. She was active in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s in comic roles. She appeared in many films with Relangi, the two of them becoming a famous comedic duo.
Khoi Sung
Khoi Sung (Thai: ข่อยสูง, pronounced [kʰɔ̀j sǔːŋ]) is a village and tambon (sub-district) of Tron District, in Uttaradit Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a population of 4,255 people. The tambon contains eight villages.

Uttaradit province
Uttaradit (Thai: อุตรดิตถ์, pronounced [ʔùt.tā.rā.dìt]; Northern Thai:ᩏᨲ᩠ᨲᩁᨯᩥᨲ᩠ᨳ᩺) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat). It lies in upper northern Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from south clockwise) Phitsanulok, Sukhothai, Phrae and Nan. To the east it borders Xaignabouli of Laos. Uttaradit is 488 km north of Bangkok, and 238 km southeast of Chiang Mai.
Southeast of Saline Secondary School
Southeast of Saline Secondary School is a K-12 school, located approximately 4 miles west of Gypsum, Kansas, United States, on the south side of Highway K-4.  It is operated by Southeast of Saline USD 306.

The school's enrollment is approximately 700 students from the communities of Gypsum, Assaria, Kipp, and Mentor.  The school colors are purple and white and the mascot is the Trojan.

Mentor, Kansas
Mentor is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Saline County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population was 101.  It is located south of Salina on Mentor Road.
Bakhtiar Khattak
Bakhtiar Khattak (Pashto: بختيار خټک) is a Pashto musician and singer from Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. He was born in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. He also worked in AVT Khyber as a host. He is fascinated with Khan Abdul Ghani Khan's poetry.

He started singing in school when he was 4 years old. He had first sung an Urdu song for PTV and also played a role in a PTV drama Tasweroona this was happened when he was gone to audition as a singer, he was surprised to find himself cast as a part of Tasweroona due to his typical Pukhtun features and personality.

Abdul Ghani Khan
Khan Abdul Ghani Khan (c. 1914 – 15 March 1996) was a Pakistani philosopher, poet and politician, who is regarded as one of the greatest modern figures in Pashto literature. He was a son of Abdul Ghaffar Khan, a prominent anti-colonial activist in the British Raj. Throughout his life as a poet in both British India and Pakistan, Khan was known by the titles Lewanay Pālsapay (لېونی فلسفي, 'Mad Philosopher') and Da īlam Samander
Riem Arcaden
The Riem Arcaden is the largest shopping mall in Munich. It was built in the Messestadt Riem district at Willy-Brandt-Platz and designed by the  Allmann Sattler Wappner firm and opened on 10 March 2004.

The 122,500 m² building complex of the Riem Arcaden city quarter offers space for over 140 shops, cafés and restaurants on three floors and around 61,100 m² of retail space.

In addition to various fashion brands - such as Marc O'Polo or Tommy Hilfiger (company)- technical novelties, sports equipment, accessories, toys and home décor, doctors, a pharmacy, hairdressers, beauty salons as well as a dry cleaner and alteration tailor are also available for the approximately 9 million visitors each year.

On the upper floor there are several cafés surrounded by shops such as Hugendubel, Müller and Zara.

Müller (store)
Müller Ltd. & Co. KG (Müller) is a chain of retail stores with headquarters in Ulm, Germany. Between 2004 and 2019 the company was registered in London. Since 2019 it has been registered in Vaduz, Liechtenstein.