hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Biathlon at the 1968 Winter Olympics – Relay
The Men's 4 × 7.5 kilometre biathlon relay competition at the 1968 Winter Olympics took place on 15 February, at Autrans. Each national team consisted of four members, with each skiing 7.5 kilometres and shooting twice, once prone and once standing. This was the first time the biathlon relay was contested in the Olympic program.

1968 Winter Olympics
The 1968 Winter Olympics, officially known as the X Olympic Winter Games (French: Les Xes Jeux olympiques d'hiver), were a winter multi-sport event held from 6 to 18 February 1968 in Grenoble, France. Thirty-seven countries participated.

The 1968 Winter Games marked the first time the IOC permitted East and West Germany to enter separately, and the first time the IOC ordered drug and gender testing of competitors.

Norway won the most gold and overall medals, the first time since the 1952 Winter Olympics that the Soviet Union did not top the medal table by both parameters.
Vivian Chu
Vivian Chu (born c. 1987) is an American roboticist and entrepreneur, specializing in the field of human-robot interaction. She is Chief Technology Officer at Diligent Robotics, a company she co-founded in 2017 for creating autonomous, mobile, socially intelligent robots.

Fast Company
Fast Company is an American business magazine published monthly in print and online, focusing on technology, business, and design. Founded in 1995, it releases six print issues annually, in addition to various ranking lists, podcasts, newsletters, and paid communities of business executives. As of 2025, Fast Company attracts millions of monthly readers. It is owned by Mansueto Ventures.
1908 Maine gubernatorial election
The 1908 Maine gubernatorial election took place on September 14, 1908.

Incumbent Governor William T. Cobb did not seek re-election. Republican candidate Bert M. Fernald defeated Democratic candidate Obadiah Gardner.

Maine Democratic Party
The Maine Democratic Party is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Maine.

After the Civil War, Democrats were a minor player in a political scene dominated by the Republican Party. However, during the 1950s, Edmund Muskie led an expansive political insurgency culminating in his election as Governor of Maine and successive Democratic elections to both state and national offices.

It is currently the state's favored party, controlling both houses of the state legislature, governorship, and both of Maine's U.S. House seats. One of Maine's U.S. Senate seats is currently held by Angus King, an Independent who caucuses with the Democrats.
Typological Studies in Language
Typological Studies in Language (or TSL) is a series of books published for academics in linguistic typology by John Benjamins Publishing Company since 1982.
Joseph H. Greenberg was honorary editor and Talmy Givón general editor at the inception of the series.
Michael Noonan was general editor from 1995 to 2009, being succeeded by Spike Gildea.

John Benjamins Publishing Company
John Benjamins Publishing Company is an independent academic publisher in social sciences and humanities with its head office in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The company was founded in the 1960s by John and Claire Benjamins and is currently managed by their daughter Seline Benjamins.

John Benjamins is especially noted for its publications in language, linguistics, translation studies, political linguistics and literary studies. It publishes books, as well as 80+ academic journals, including among others: Diachronica, International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, Language Problems and Language Planning, Studies in Language, Lingvisticae Investigationes, Target, Translation, Cognition & Behavior, Journal of Language and Politics and Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area.

John Benjamins publishes in print as well as online.

John Benjamins Publishing Company is a member of these professional and trade organizations: STM Association, ALPSP, UKSG, Mediafederatie-MEVW, CrossRef.
Curse of the Boulder Valley
The Curse of Boulder Valley, also known as Niwot's Curse, is attributed to Chief Niwot, who is said to have first stated it upon meeting the first white gold seekers to visit what is now known as the Boulder Valley in Boulder County, Colorado.  According to the chief, the curse of the valley was its breathtaking landscape.

People seeing the beauty of this valley will want to stay, and their staying will be the undoing of the beauty.

Niwot was the leader of the Southern Arapaho.  The visitors were encamped at what the Arapaho considered to be a sacred site, Valmont Butte, some four miles to the north east of what is now central Boulder, Colorado. Niwot and his closest elder braves, Bear Head and Many Whips, rode out to the site where the new arrivals had decided to camp, near the place where Boulder Creek releases from the Front Range onto the Great Plains. Some see the Curse as portentous of the settling of not only the Boulder Valley, but of the entire Western United States.

Arapaho
The Arapaho (/əˈræpəhoʊ/ ə-RAP-ə-hoh; French: Arapahos, Gens de Vache) are a Native American people historically living on the plains of Colorado and Wyoming. They were close allies of the Cheyenne tribe and loosely aligned with the Lakota and Dakota.

By the 1850s, Arapaho bands formed two tribes, namely the Northern Arapaho and Southern Arapaho. Since 1878, the Northern Arapaho have lived with the Eastern Shoshone on the Wind River Reservation in Wyoming and are federally recognized as the Northern Arapaho Tribe of the Wind River Reservation. The Southern Arapaho live with the Southern Cheyenne in Oklahoma. Together, their members are enrolled as the federally recognized Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes.
Ronald Jenkees
Ronald Jenkees is an American composer and musician best known for his keyboard performances on YouTube. As of September 2025, his videos have over 88 million views, and he has 400 thousand subscribers. Jenkees has released five independent albums: Ronald Jenkees (2007), Disorganized Fun (2009), Days Away (2012), Alpha Numeric (2014), and Rhodes Deep (2017). He issued an album of tracks (either without the lead line or drums) for fans to play along with, Make It Fun – Vol. 1 (2016) as well as remastered singles dating from 2017–2024 on Wonder and Flow (2025).

Before the Echo
Before the Echo (formerly known as Sequence) is a music role-playing video game developed and published by Iridium Studios for the Xbox 360 (Xbox Live Indie Games) and Microsoft Windows in 2011, and for OS X and Linux in 2015. The game received a sequel, There Came an Echo, in 2015.
Klattia partita
Klattia partita is a plant that is endemic to the Western Cape and forms part of the fynbos. The plant occurs on the Cape Peninsula and from the Hottentots Holland Mountains to the Langeberg. Although the plant has a large range of 5905 km², it is considered rare. It is threatened by water abstraction in the Kogelberg and invasive plants in the Riviersonderend Mountains.

Riviersonderend Mountains
The Riviersonderend Mountains are a mountain range in the Cape Fold Belt of the Western Cape province of South Africa. They run east to west from Riviersonderend to Villiersdorp, separating the Breede River Valley from the Overberg region. They are composed of Table Mountain Sandstone and attain a maximum height near McGregor and Riviersonderend as Pilaarkop (Afrikaans: Pillar Head (1654m)). The ranges are rich in fynbos flora and experience a typical Mediterranean climate.

The name stems from the Sonderend River, and was originally a literal translation of the Khoi-khoi name "Kannakamkanna" ("river without end") into Afrikaans.
2022 Florida Cup
The 2022 Florida Cup was the eighth edition of Florida Cup, a friendly association football tournament played in the United States. It was contested from July 16 to 23, 2022. For the first time, the tournament featured a Florida Cup series called the Clash of Nations.

The teams scheduled for the series were English clubs Chelsea and Arsenal, American clubs Charlotte FC and Orlando City SC and Mexican club América. The series concluded with a match between Arsenal and Chelsea to decide the winner, with Arsenal winning 4–0.

United States Soccer Federation
The United States Soccer Federation (USSF), commonly referred to as U.S. Soccer, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization and the official governing body of soccer in the United States. It is a full member of FIFA and governs American soccer at the international, professional, and amateur levels, including: the men's and women's national teams, Major League Soccer (MLS), the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL), youth organizations, as well as the beach soccer, futsal, Paralympic, and deaf national teams. U.S. Soccer sanctions referees and soccer tournaments for most soccer leagues in the United States. It also administers and operates the U.S. Open Cup and SheBelieves Cup. U.S. Soccer is headquartered in Chicago.
Swimming at the 2025 World Aquatics Championships – Men's 100 metre butterfly
The men's 100 metre butterfly event at the 2025 World Aquatics Championships was held from 1 to 2 August 2025 at the World Aquatics Championships Arena at the Singapore Sports Hub in Kallang,  Singapore.

2025 World Aquatics Championships
The 2025 World Aquatics Championships, the 22nd edition of the World Aquatics Championships, were held in Singapore from 11 July to 3 August 2025. It was the first city in Southeast Asia to host the World Championships.
McDame
McDame, also known originally as McDame Post or McDames Creek Post and also known as Fort McDame is an abandoned settlement in the Cassiar Country of the Northern Interior of British Columbia,

McDame got its name from McDame Creek, which had been prospected in 1874 by Harry McDame (originally from the Bahamas, by way of California) and his partner John Giscome (originally from Jamaica; see Giscome Portage). McDame Creek was the site of an 1877 find of a 72-ounce gold nugget worth $1,300 (c.%52,000 today), which was the largest in British Columbia's history. A trading post located at the creek's confluence with the Dease River, owned by Robert Sylvester, was sold to the Hudson's Bay Company in 1875 and remained in operation until closing in 1943, with the locality being abandoned by 1960. McDames Creek Indian Reserve No. 2 is nearby.

BC Geographical Names
The BC Geographical Names (formerly BC Geographical Names Information System or BCGNIS) is a geographic name web service and database for the Canadian province of British Columbia run by the Base Mapping and Geomatic Services Branch of the Integrated Land Management Bureau. BCGNIS is the master database of British Columbia place names. The database contains approximately 50,000 current and former official names and spellings of towns, mountains, rivers, lakes, and other geographic places in British Columbia. About 50% of the names have brief notes about the history of the geographic names, and their use in history.
Laotian Americans
Laotian Americans (Lao: ຄົນລາວອາເມລິກາ, romanized: Khonlav Amelika) are Americans who trace their ancestry to Laos. Laotian Americans are included in the larger category of Asian Americans.  The major immigrant generation were generally refugees who escaped Laos during the warfare and disruption of the 1970s, and entered refugee camps in Thailand across the Mekong River. They emigrated to the United States during the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s.

The category ‘Laotian American' includes all ethnic groups who lived within the borders of Laos, except the Hmong community.

Hmong people
The Hmong people (RPA: Hmoob, CHV: Hmôngz, Nyiakeng Puachue: 𞄀𞄩𞄰, Pahawh Hmong: 𖬌𖬣𖬵, IPA: [m̥ɔ̃́], Chinese: 苗族蒙人) are an ethnic group from East and Southeast Asia. In China, the Hmong people are classified as a sub-group of the Miao people. The modern Hmong reside mainly in Southwestern China and Mainland Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, and Myanmar. There are also diaspora communities in the United States, Australia, France, and South America.
Daydreaming
Daydreaming is a stream of consciousness that detaches from current external tasks when one's attention becomes focused on a more personal and internal direction.

Various names of this phenomenon exist, including mind-wandering, fantasies, and spontaneous thoughts. There are many types of daydreams – however, the most common characteristic to all forms of daydreaming meets the criteria for mild dissociation. In addition, the impacts of the various types of daydreams are not identical. While some are disruptive and deleterious, others may be beneficial to some degree.

The term daydreaming is derived from clinical psychologist Jerome L. Singer, whose research created the foundation for nearly all subsequent modern research. The terminologies assigned by modern researchers brings about challenges centering on identifying the common features of daydreaming and building collective work among researchers.

Stream of consciousness
In literary criticism, stream of consciousness is a narrative mode or method that attempts "to depict the multitudinous thoughts and feelings which pass through the mind" of a narrator. It is usually in the form of an interior monologue which is disjointed or has irregular punctuation. While critics have pointed to various literary precursors, it was not until the 20th century that this technique was fully developed by modernist writers such as Marcel Proust, James Joyce, Dorothy Richardson and Virginia Woolf.

Stream of consciousness narratives continue to be used in modern prose and the term has been adopted to describe similar techniques in other art forms such as poetry, songwriting and film.
1968 Belice earthquake
The 1968 Belice earthquake (Italian: terremoto del Belice) sequence took place in Sicily between 14 and 15 January. The largest shock measured 6.4 on the moment magnitude scale, with five others of magnitude 5+. The maximum perceived intensity was X (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale. The earthquake sequence, centred between the towns of Gibellina, Salaparuta and Poggioreale in the area of river Belice, killed at least 231 people, possibly more than 400, with between 632 and about 1,000 injured and left 100,000 homeless.

Epicenter
The epicenter (/ˈɛpɪˌsɛntər/), epicentre, or epicentrum in seismology is the point on the Earth's surface directly above a hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or an underground explosion originates.
Madiga
Madiga is a Telugu caste from southern India. They mainly live in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Karnataka, with a small minority in Tamil Nadu. Madigas are historically associated with the work of tannery, leatherwork and small handicrafts. Today, most are agricultural labourers. They are categorized as a Scheduled Caste by the Government of India. Within the Madiga community, there are various sub-castes include Bindla, Chindu, Dakkali, Mashti, Sangaris and the priestly class is known as Madiga Dasu.

Nakrekal Assembly constituency
Nakrekal Assembly constituency is a SC (Scheduled Caste) reserved constituency of the Telangana Legislative Assembly, India. It is one of 12 constituencies in Nalgonda district. It is part of Bhongir Lok Sabha constituency.

Vemula Veeresham of Indian National Congress is currently representing the constituency.
August 17 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
August 16 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - August 18

All fixed commemorations below are observed on August 30 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For August 17, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on August 4.

Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar
The Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar describes and dictates the rhythm of the life of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Passages of Holy Scripture, saints and events for commemoration are associated with each date, as are many times special rules for fasting or feasting that correspond to the day of the week or time of year in relationship to the major feast days.

There are two types of feasts in the Orthodox Church calendar: fixed and movable. Fixed feasts occur on the same calendar day every year, whereas movable feasts change each year. The moveable feasts are generally relative to Pascha (Easter), and so the cycle of moveable feasts is referred to as the Paschal cycle.
Lièpvre
Lièpvre (French pronunciation: [ljɛvʁ]; German: Leberau; Alemannic German: Laweröi, Lawerot) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. A monastery was built here in the eighth century by Saint Fulrad, who filled it with relics of Saint Cucuphas and Saint Alexander.

Pope Stephen II
Pope Stephen II (Latin: Stephanus II; 714 – 26 April 757) was born a Roman aristocrat and member of the Orsini family. Stephen was the bishop of Rome from 26 March 752 to his death on 26 April 757. Stephen II marks the historical delineation between the Byzantine Papacy and the Frankish Papacy. During Stephen's pontificate, Rome was facing invasion by the Lombards when Stephen II went to Paris to seek assistance from Pepin the Short. Pepin defeated the Lombards and made a gift of land to the pope, eventually leading to the establishment of the Papal States.
Flag of Johannesburg
The current design of the flag of Johannesburg was adopted on 16 May 1997, replacing a previous version of the flag that had been in service since 20 October 1970.

The design is a white-fimbriated vertical tricolour of blue, green, and red. The coat of arms of the city of Johannesburg is displayed in the centre of the flag on a green panel in the centre of a heraldic fret on a white disk on a black background. The flag clearly alludes to the colours of the national flag of South Africa and the central panel alludes to the city's coat of arms.

The previous design was approved by the Mayor of Johannesburg in 1970. The flag comprised a green field that had a horizontal gold stripe running through the centre, above which were two golden stamps and one gold stamp below. The golden stamps were taken from the previous coat of arms.

Triband (flag)
A triband is a vexillological style which consists of three stripes arranged to form a flag. These stripes may be two or three colours, and may be charged with an emblem in the middle stripe. Not all tribands are tricolour flags, which requires three unique colours.
USS Pollyanna
USS Pollyanna (SP-1048) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919.

Pollyanna was built as a private motorboat of the same name in 1900 or 1910. On 31 July 1917, the U.S. Navy chartered her from her owner, William H. Long of New York City, for use as a section patrol boat during World War I. She was commissioned at Newport, Rhode Island, on 4 August 1917 as USS Pollyanna (SP-1048).

Assigned to the 2nd Naval District in southern New England and based at Newport, Pollyanna carried out patrol duties for the rest of World War I.

The Navy returned Pollyanna to Long on 22 January 1919.

Charter
A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients.

The word entered the English language from the Old French charte, via Latin charta, and ultimately from Greek χάρτης (khartes, meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges.
1903–04 FA Cup
The 1903–04 FA Cup was the 33rd season of the world's oldest association soccer competition, the Soccer Association Challenge Cup (more usually known as the FA Cup). Manchester City, the best team, won the competition for the first time, beating Bolton Wanderers 1–0 in the final at Crystal Palace, through a goal scored by Billy Meredith.

Matches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round, which was always a Saturday. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held at neutral venues until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.

Gainsborough Trinity F.C.
Gainsborough Trinity Football Club is a football club based in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England. Established in 1873, the club became members of the Football League in 1893 and remained members of the Second Division until 1912, making Gainsborough one of the smallest towns in England to have had a Football League team. They are currently members of the Northern Premier League Premier Division, the seventh tier of English football, and play at the Northolme.
Kidepo River
The Kidepo River is a seasonal river along the Kidepo Valley in the Karamoja region of Uganda, and in East Equatoria area of South Sudan. The river gives its name to the Kidepo Valley National Park, which it runs through.

Uganda Wildlife Authority
Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA; Luganda: Ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku bisolo by'omu nsiko mu Uganda) is a semi-autonomous Ugandan government agency that aims to conserve, manage and regulate Uganda’s wildlife. "UWA is mandated to ensure sustainable management of wildlife resources and supervise wildlife activities in Uganda, both within and outside the protected areas". As of April 2020, UWA manages ten national parks, twelve wildlife reserves, and fourteen wildlife sanctuaries. UWA also provides guidance for five community wildlife areas. It is governed by a board of trustees appointed by the Minister of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities, currently Tom Butime.
Jewish Renaissance
Jewish Renaissance is a quarterly cultural magazine, founded in October 2001, covering Jewish culture, arts and communities in Britain and beyond.  It is edited by Rebecca Taylor, a former News Editor at Time Out London.

Jewish culture
Jewish culture is the culture of the Jewish people, from its formation in ancient times until the current age. Judaism itself is not simply a faith-based religion, but an orthopraxy and ethnoreligion, pertaining to deed, practice, and identity. Jewish culture covers many aspects, including religion and worldviews, literature, media, and cinema, art and architecture, cuisine and traditional dress, attitudes to gender, marriage, family, social customs and lifestyles, music and dance. Some elements of Jewish culture come from within Judaism, others from the interaction of Jews with host populations, and others still from the inner social and cultural dynamics of the community. Before the 18th century, religion dominated virtually all aspects of Jewish life, and infused culture. Since the advent of secularization, wholly secular Jewish culture emerged likewise.