hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Butterfield Overland Mail Route Segment
The Butterfield Overland Mail Route Segment is a stretch of historic roadway in Washington and Crawford counties in northwestern Arkansas.  It consists of more than 13 miles (21 km) of adjoining sections of Bugscuffle and Old Cove City Roads that were once part of the major north–south route between Fayetteville and Van Buren, which are documented to have existed since 1839.  The roadway is still a dirt road, about 12 feet (3.7 m) wide.  It was historically used by the Butterfield Overland Mail service between 1858 and 1861.

The roadway segment was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.

Van Buren, Arkansas
Van Buren (/væn ˈbjʊərən/ van BURE-ən) is the second-largest city in the Fort Smith, Arkansas–Oklahoma Metropolitan Statistical Area and the county seat of Crawford County, Arkansas, United States. The city is located directly northeast of Fort Smith at the Interstate 40 – Interstate 540 junction. The city was incorporated in 1845 and as of the 2020 census had a population of 23,218, ranking it as the state's 21st largest city. According to 2023 population estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau, Van Buren’s population is 24,138.  With a 4% growth rate from 2020 to 2023, Van Buren is Arkansas’s eighth-fastest growing city.
Galeata
Galeata (Romagnol: Gagliêda) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Bologna and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Forlì.

Galeata borders the following municipalities: Civitella di Romagna, Predappio, Premilcuore, Rocca San Casciano, Santa Sofia.

Galeata is a member of Cittaslow.

Romagnol
Romagnol (rumagnôl or rumagnùl; Italian: romagnolo) is a Romance language spoken in the historical region of Romagna, consisting mainly of the southeastern part of Emilia-Romagna, Italy. The name is derived from the Lombard name for the region, Romagna. Romagnol is classified as endangered because older generations have "neglected to pass on the dialect as a native tongue to the next generation".
Carmichael House (Pulaski County, Arkansas)
The Carmichael House is a historic house at 13905 Arch Street Pike in Landmark, Arkansas, United States.  The property is a 30-acre (12 ha) gentleman farmer's estate, with a main house, barn, hog shed, and other farm outbuildings.  The principal structures are built out of stone, with the house having terra cotta tile elements as well.  It is American Craftsman in style, with a shallow pitch gable roof that has deep eaves and exposed rafters.

Gable roof
A gable roof is a roof consisting of two sections whose upper horizontal edges meet to form its ridge. The most common roof shape in cold or temperate climates, it is constructed of rafters, roof trusses or purlins. The pitch of a gable roof can vary greatly.
Zingibain
Zingibain, zingipain, or ginger protease (EC 3.4.22.67) is a cysteine protease enzyme found in ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizomes. It catalyses the preferential cleavage of peptides with a proline residue at the P2 position. It has two distinct forms, ginger protease I (GP-I) and ginger protease II (GP-II).

As a member of the papain-like protease family of cysteine proteases, zingibain shares several structural and functional similarities with more well-studied enzymes such as papain, bromelain, and actinidin. These peptidases contain an active cysteine residue in their centers that catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of peptide bonds. Zingibain is noted for its activity as a proteinase and a collagenase.

It was first isolated, purified, and reported in 1973 by Ichikawa et al. at Japan Women's University. Recently, zingibain was found to exist as two isozymes, GP-I and GP-II, which were isolated by chromatography, with molecular weights of approximately 22,500 Da.

Collagenase
Collagenases are enzymes that break the peptide bonds in collagen.  They assist in destroying extracellular structures in the pathogenesis of bacteria such as Clostridium.  They are considered a virulence factor, facilitating the spread of gas gangrene.  They normally target the connective tissue in muscle cells and other body organs.

Collagen, a key component of the animal extracellular matrix, is made through cleavage of pro-collagen by collagenase once it has been secreted from the cell.  This stops large structures from forming inside the cell itself.

In addition to being produced by some bacteria, collagenase can be made by the body as part of its normal immune response.  This production is induced by cytokines, which stimulate cells such as fibroblasts and osteoblasts, and can cause indirect tissue damage.
Rigaut de Berbezilh
Rigaut de Berbezilh (also Berbezill or Barbesiu; French: Rigaud de Barbezieux, Latin: Rigaudus de Berbezillo) was a troubadour (fl. 1140–1163) of the petty nobility of Saintonge. He was a great influence on the Sicilian School and is quoted in the Roman de la Rose. About fifteen of his poems survive, including one planh and nine or ten cansos. His name is sometimes given as  Richart or Richartz.

Canso (song)
The canso or canson or canzo (Old Occitan: [kanˈsu]) was a song style used by the troubadours. It was, by far, the most common genre used, especially by early troubadours, and only in the second half of the 13th century was its dominance challenged by a growing number of poets writing coblas esparsas.

The canso became, in Old French, the grand chant and, in Italian, the canzone.
63305 Bobkepple
63305 Bobkepple (provisional designation 2001 FE) is a carbonaceous Hygiean asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 6 kilometers (3.7 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 17 March 2001, by astronomer David Healy at the Junk Bond Observatory in Arizona, United States. The asteroid was named after Bob Kepple, co-author of The Night Sky Observer's Guide.

Provisional designation in astronomy
Provisional designation is the naming convention applied to astronomical objects immediately following their discovery. The provisional designation is usually superseded by a permanent designation once a reliable orbit has been calculated. As of 2019, approximately 47% of the more than 1,100,000 known minor planets remain provisionally designated, as hundreds of thousands have been discovered in the last two decades. The modern system is overseen by the Minor Planet Center of the International Astronomical Union.
Sans Souci Valley
Sans Souci Valley was the name of a valley in San Francisco, California, in the area corresponding to present day's Lower Haight and Duboce Triangle neighborhoods. This valley once allowed excess storm water to flow from Buena Vista Hill and Lone Mountain (where the University of San Francisco is today), through the Panhandle, to the area located near Duboce Park, along the path today known to cyclists as The Wiggle. The creek was not a surface creek in the dune region except as overflow. The valley’s name, French for "without worry," comes from the Sanssouci Palace built by the Prussian monarch Frederick the Great in Potsdam, Germany.

Duboce Park
Duboce Park (IPA: /du.'bos/) is a small urban park located between the Duboce Triangle and Lower Haight neighborhoods of San Francisco, California.  The park is less than one block wide from north to south and two blocks wide from west to east. Its western boundary is Scott Street, and its eastern boundary is Steiner Street. The park is part of the Duboce Park Landmark District.

The N Judah Muni Metro streetcar line runs along Duboce Avenue, which forms the southern boundary of the park. As such, the park is served directly by the Duboce and Noe Street MUNI station. The train tracks veer away from Duboce Avenue at the western end of the park and enter the Sunset Tunnel.
Project Rap Rabbit
Project Rap Rabbit is a cancelled rhythm game formerly in development by NanaOn-Sha and iNiS for PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows. The game, directed by Masaya Matsuura in collaboration with Keiichi Yano, is pitched as a revival of story-based rhythm games such as PaRappa the Rapper and Gitaroo Man, and features rap battle gameplay mixed with Japanese culture. Following the game's failure to secure financing on crowdfunding website Kickstarter, the game's development has been placed on hold.

Keiichi Yano (video game designer)
Keiichi Yano (矢野慶一, Yano Keiichi) is a Tokyo-based video game designer and musician responsible for a number of music video game titles including his most famous game, the 2002 cult video game, Gitaroo Man. Yano has been involved in music (especially jazz music) from a young age and he earned a major in jazz studies at the University of Southern California. He has spent time playing saxophone in Tokyo jazz clubs.
Division of Burke (1949–1955)
The Division of Burke was an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. The division was named after Robert O'Hara Burke, an explorer who led the Victorian expedition in 1860, the first white explorer to cross Australia from south to north.

The division was created in 1949 and replaced the similarly located and pronounced division of Bourke. It was located in the inner suburbs of Melbourne, including Brunswick, Brunswick and Brunswick East and parts of Fitzroy North, Princes Hill and Carlton North. It was abolished in 1954 (coming into effect at the 1955 election), and was replaced by the new division of Scullin, which also covered the Brunswick East area.

During its six years of existence, it did not undergo any boundary change. It was a safe seat for the Australian Labor Party and was only won by Ted Peters. Peters transferred to Scullin after Burke was abolished.

Brunswick East
Brunswick East is an inner-city suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Merri-bek local government area. Brunswick East recorded a population of 13,279 at the 2021 census.

Bordered generally by Lygon Street and Holmes Street in the west; the Merri Creek in the east adjoining Northcote; Park Street, Nicholson Street and Glenlyon Road in the south adjoining Carlton North and Fitzroy North; and Moreland Road in the north adjoining Coburg. Brunswick East is a mixed-use suburb, consisting of primarily residential and commercial properties.
Hyde Park After Dark
Hyde Park After Dark is an album by saxophonist Clifford Jordan which was recorded in Chicago in 1981 together with Victor Sproles on bass, Wilbur Campbell on drums, Norman Simmons on piano, Cy Touff on bass trumpet, and Von Freeman on saxophone. The album is a tribute to the Chicago jazz scene and a reunion of important players from the 1950s.

Victor Sproles
Victor Sproles (November 18, 1927 in Chicago – May 13, 2005) was an American jazz bassist.

Sproles worked in the 1950s with Red Rodney and Ira Sullivan and appears on the Sun Ra recordings Super-Sonic Jazz, Sound of Joy and Deep Purple.

In 1957 he appeared on the Verve recording Stan Meets Chet with Stan Getz and Chet Baker.

In 1960 he joined Johnny Griffin's Big Soul Band and in 1961 played in Muhal Richard Abrams' Experimental Band.

In 1964 he joined Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers, recording the album 'SMake It for Limelight; Lee Morgan and his old Sun Ra bandmate John Gilmore were in the group.  He recorded two more albums with the Messengers after Gilmore left.

He subsequently appeared Lee Morgan's Blue Note albums The Rumproller and The Sixth Sense.

In 1974 he played in Clark Terry's big band  and appeared on Buddy DeFranco's album Free Fall.
Shelley Hennig
Shelley Hennig (born January 2, 1987) is an American actress, model and beauty queen. She is the recipient of several accolades, including a Teen Choice Award and two Daytime Emmy Award nominations.

Prior to pursuing an acting career, Hennig competed in beauty pageants and won the Miss Teen USA 2004 competition. She landed her first major role as Stephanie Johnson on the soap opera Days of Our Lives (2007–2011, 2017) and went on to appear in The CW supernatural teen drama The Secret Circle (2011–2012). She gained further prominence for portraying Malia Tate on the MTV supernatural drama series Teen Wolf (2014–2017) and CIA agent Ava Winters in the Netflix action comedy  Obliterated (2023). She has appeared in the films Ouija (2014), Unfriended (2014), and When We First Met (2018).

Teen Choice Awards
The Teen Choice Awards were an annual awards show that aired on the Fox television network between 1999 and 2019. The awards, based on a popularity vote that could be overridden by the producers – who reserved the right to choose the winners – covered over 250 different categories during its run, stated as honoring the year's biggest achievements in music, film, sports, television, fashion, social media, and more. Votes were submitted by viewers living in the United States, aged 13 and over, through various social media sites.

The awards show has been on an indefinite hiatus since the 2019 edition.
North Mississippi State Hospital
North Mississippi State Hospital (NMSH) is a 50-bed acute care mental hospital of the Mississippi Department of Mental Health located in Tupelo, Mississippi.

In 1995 the Mississippi State Legislature passed House Bill 960, authorizing the construction of NMSH. The groundbreaking ceremony occurred on Thursday, December 19, 1996. The hospital opened in April 1999. NMSH was the first state-operated psychiatric facility to open in over 100 years prior to 1996.

The hospital, with about 100 employees, is a regional facility. NMSH serves Alcorn,  Benton,  Calhoun,  Chickasaw,  Desoto,  Itawamba,  Lafayette,  Lee,  Marshall,  Monroe,  Panola,  Prentiss,  Pontotoc,  Tate,  Tippah,  Tishomingo, and Yalobusha counties.

Calhoun County, Mississippi
Calhoun County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,266. Its county seat is Pittsboro. The county is named after John C. Calhoun, the U.S. Vice President and U.S. Senator from South Carolina.
Lead and Gold: Gangs of the Wild West
Lead and Gold: Gangs of the Wild West is a team-based third-person shooter multiplayer video game. It was developed by Fatshark and published by Paradox Interactive and released in 2010 for Microsoft Windows via Steam and the PlayStation 3 via the PlayStation Network. An Xbox Live Arcade version was announced, but it was cancelled.

Lead and Gold is set in the American Old West. It features four character classes and six game modes to choose from.  Players work as a team to accomplish the objectives of a chosen game mode. The game received mixed reviews; it was often compared as an Old West version of Team Fortress 2.

Grin (company)
Grin AB was a Swedish video game developer based in Stockholm. Founded by Bo and Ulf Andersson in 1997, Grin worked on numerous titles for the PC, consoles and arcade. The company filed for bankruptcy and became defunct in August 2009 and its founders went on to create Overkill Software.
Edward Litton (1787–1870)
Edward Litton PC (1787 – 22 January 1870) was an Irish Conservative politician.  From 1837 to 1843 he was Member of Parliament (MP) for Coleraine, in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

Litton was elected to the Parliament at the general election in 1837, regaining for the Conservatives a seat which had been won by the Liberals in 1835. He was re-elected unopposed in 1841, but left Parliament in 1843 to take up an appointment as Master of Chancery in Ireland.

Irish Conservative Party
The Irish Conservative Party, often called the Irish Tories, was one of the dominant Irish political parties in Ireland in the 19th century. It was affiliated with the Conservative Party in Great Britain. Throughout much of the century it and the Irish Liberal Party were rivals for electoral dominance among Ireland's small electorate within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with parties such as the movements of Daniel O'Connell and later the Independent Irish Party relegated into third place. The Irish Conservatives became the principal element of the Irish Unionist Alliance following the alliance's foundation in 1891.
João Daniel (politician)
João Somariva Daniel (born 22 August 1967) is a Brazilian politician serving as a member of the Chamber of Deputies since 2015. From 2011 to 2015, he was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Sergipe.

Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)
The Chamber of Deputies (Portuguese: Câmara dos Deputados) is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. The chamber comprises 513 deputies, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms. The current president of the chamber is the Deputy Hugo Motta (Republicanos-PB), who was elected on 1 February 2025.
Baymen
The Baymen were the earliest European settlers with Afro-Jamaicans and Creole-Jamaicans, in the English logging concessions in the Bay of Honduras, Spanish territory that eventually became the colony of British Honduras (modern-day Belize).

Afro-Jamaicans
Afro-Jamaicans or Black Jamaicans are people from Jamaica who have ancestry from any of the Black racial groups of Africa, whose ancestors were brought to the island from West and Central Africa through the transatlantic slave trade starting in the 17th century.

Afro-Jamaicans are Jamaicans of predominantly African descent. They represent the largest ethnic group in the country.

The ethnogenesis of the Black Jamaican people stemmed from the Atlantic slave trade of the 16th century, when enslaved Africans were transported as slaves to Jamaica and other parts of the Americas. During the period of British rule, slaves brought to Jamaica by European slave traders were primarily Akan, some of whom ran away and joined with Jamaican Maroons and even took over as leaders.
Nanae, Hokkaido
Nanae (七飯町, Nanae-chō) is a town located in Oshima Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. In April 2017, the town had an estimated population of 28,514, with 13,639 households, and a population density of 130/km2 (340/sq mi). The total area is 216.61 km2 (83.63 sq mi).

Oshima Subprefecture
Oshima (渡島総合振興局, Oshima-sōgō-shinkō-kyoku) is a subprefecture of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. As of 2004, it had a population of 456,621 and an area of 3,715.38 km2.

Hakodate Airport is located in the City of Hakodate.
2002 Bank of the West Classic – Doubles
Janet Lee and Wynne Prakusya were the defending champions, but lost in the first round to Jelena Dokic and Tamarine Tanasugarn.

Lisa Raymond and Rennae Stubbs won the title by defeating Janette Husárová and Conchita Martínez 6–1, 6–1 in the final.

Rennae Stubbs
Rennae Stubbs (born 26 March 1971) is an Australian former professional tennis player, coach and television commentator. She was ranked number 1 in the world in doubles, and the winner of 4 major doubles titles and 2 mixed doubles titles as well as 66 WTA doubles titles. She is the host of "The Rennae Stubbs Tennis Podcast". She worked at the Seven Network between 2011 and 2018 as an analyst and is now a full time commentator for ESPN tennis. She was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder. In January 2019, Stubbs received the OLY post-nominal title at the Brisbane International tournament. She is also the longest-serving member of the Australian BJK Cup team.
Special Effects (album)
Special Effects is the fifteenth studio album by American rapper Tech N9ne. It was released on May 4, 2015, by Strange Music. The album is broken up into several portions representing days of the week, with collaborations with artists including Corey Taylor, B.o.B, Lil Wayne, 2 Chainz, T.I., Hopsin, E-40, Yo Gotti, Audio Push and Eminem, among others. The album also features fellow Strange Music artists Krizz Kaliko, Big Scoob and Ces Cru. Production on the album was handled by Seven, Strange Music's in-house producer, Excision along with  Joseph Bishara who was the composer of Insidious and The Conjuring.

E-40
Earl Tywone Stevens (born November 15, 1967), better known by his stage name E-40, is an American rapper. Stevens is a founding member of the rap group The Click and the founder of Sick Wid It Records. He has released 27 studio albums to date, appeared on numerous movie soundtracks, and has also done guest appearances on a host of other rap albums. Initially an underground artist, his 1995 solo album In a Major Way opened him up to a wider audience. Beginning in 1998, he began collaborating with mainstream rappers outside the San Francisco Bay Area. He rose to higher mainstream popularity in 2006 with his single "Tell Me When to Go", which was produced by Lil Jon.
Edge of Heaven
Edge of Heaven is a British sitcom is about a 1980s-themed guest house in Margate. The show is produced by Hartswood Films for ITV and began airing on 21 February 2014 for six episodes. In March and April it was repeated on Thursday nights.

On 5 May 2014 it was confirmed that, due to disappointing ratings, ITV would not be commissioning a second series of the sitcom. Talking to local media, executive producer Beryl Vertue said: "We had a very tough programming slot and were up against popular shows such as Sport’s Relief on the BBC. We had such a great time making the show and the sad thing is everyone at ITV loved it but unfortunately the ratings meant we couldn’t continue for a second series."

Guest house
A guest house (or guesthouse, also rest house) is a kind of lodging. In some parts of the world (such as the Caribbean), a guest house is a type of inexpensive hotel-like lodging. In others, it is a private home that has been converted for the exclusive use of visitor accommodation. The owner usually lives in an entirely separate area within the property and the guest house may be as a form of lodging business.
Alexander Richardson (MP)
Sir Alexander Richardson (27 March 1864 – 30 March 1928) was Conservative MP for Gravesend.

Before becoming an MP, he was a journalist and editor who specialised in engineering subjects. He was a long-time editor of Engineering magazine. He also wrote numerous historical works about engineering and engineering firm histories.

He was first elected at a by-election in 1918 during the war, was re-elected in the general elections of 1918 and 1922, but lost the seat to Labour in 1923. He was knighted in the 1922 ew Year Honours.

Gravesend (UK Parliament constituency)
Gravesend was a county constituency centred on the town of Gravesend, Kent which returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1868 until it was abolished for the 1983 general election. It is most notable for being a bellwether, with the winner of Gravesend (and its successor Gravesham) winning every election from 1918 through to the present day except for 1929, 1951, and 2005.
George Gliddon
George Robbins Gliddon (1809 – November 16, 1857) was an English-born American Egyptologist. He worked as a United States vice-consul in Egypt and assisted Muhammad Ali Pasha's plans to modernize Egypt by attaining sugar, rice, and other mills from the United States. In 1841, he became frustrated with Pasha's destruction of archaeological sites and wrote Appeal to the Antiquaries of Europe on the Destruction of the Monuments of Egypt.

Gliddon worked with Samuel George Morton to define the race and physical type of the ancient Egyptians, published in the article Crania Aegyptiaca, one of several publications that Gliddon worked on. He created interest in the field of Egyptology through his lectures in the United States, including the Panorama of the Nile with Egyptian mummies.

Karl Richard Lepsius
Karl Richard Lepsius (Latin: Carolus Richardius Lepsius; 23 December 1810 – 10 July 1884) was a German Egyptologist, linguist and modern archaeologist.

He is widely known for his opus magnum Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (Monuments from Egypt and Ethiopia), one of the first scientific studies of the pyramids in Giza, Abusir, Saqqara, and Dahshur. His contributions to Egyptology as director of the German Archaeological Instititute and editor of the Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde have had a lasting impact on the field.