hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
K-SVD
In applied mathematics, k-SVD is a dictionary learning algorithm for creating a dictionary for sparse representations, via a singular value decomposition approach. k-SVD is a generalization of the k-means clustering method, and it works by iteratively alternating between sparse coding the input data based on the current dictionary, and updating the atoms in the dictionary to better fit the data. It is structurally related to the expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm. k-SVD can be found widely in use in applications such as image processing, audio processing, biology, and document analysis.

Applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, social science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models.

In the past, practical applications have motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics.
Alloperla roberti
Alloperla roberti, the Illinois sawfly or Robert's stonefly, is a species of stonefly in the family Chloroperlidae. It was endemic to Illinois and its type locality was in Rock Island County. It has not been seen since 1860 and is likely extinct.

Plecoptera
Plecoptera is an order of insects commonly known as stoneflies. Some 3,500 species are described worldwide, with new species still being discovered. Stoneflies are found worldwide, except Antarctica. Stoneflies are believed to be one of the most primitive groups of Neoptera, with close relatives identified from the Carboniferous and Lower Permian geological periods, while true stoneflies are known from fossils only a bit younger. Their modern diversity, however, apparently is of Mesozoic origin.

Plecoptera are found in both the Southern and Northern Hemispheres, and the populations are quite distinct, although the evolutionary evidence suggests species may have crossed the equator on a number of occasions before once again becoming geographically isolated.

All species of Plecoptera are intolerant of water pollution, and the presence of their nymphs in a stream or still water is usually an indicator of good or excellent water quality.
Revolución: el cruce de los Andes
Revolución: el cruce de los Andes (English: Revolution: The Crusade of the Andes) is a 2010 Argentine historical epic film directed by Leandro Ipiña and starring Rodrigo de la Serna. It premiered during the bicentennial of Argentina. It was initially named San Martín: el cruce de los Andes.

The film follows the life of José de San Martín, with special focus on the Crossing of the Andes. Production was done by Channel 7 and Channel Encuentro. It was premiered in Mar del Plata on November 15, 2010.

Epic film
Epic films have large scale, sweeping scope, and spectacle. The term is slightly ambiguous, sometimes designating a film genre and at other times simply big-budget films. Like epics in the classical literary sense, it is often focused on a heroic character. An epic's ambitious nature helps to set it apart from other genres such as the period piece or adventure film.

Epic historical films would usually take a historical or a mythical event and add an extravagant setting, lavish costumes, an expansive musical score, and an ensemble cast, which would make them extremely expensive to produce. The most common subjects of epic films are royalty and important figures from various periods in world history.
Tiresias (horse)
Tiresias (1816–1837) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a career that lasted from April 1819 to July 1820 he ran thirteen times, all but two of them at Newmarket and won eleven races. Both of his defeats came when he was attempting to concede weight to opponents in match races. His most important win came in May 1819 when he won the Derby. Tiresias's racing career was ended by injury in the summer of 1820, after which he was retired to stud.

Match racing
A match race is a race between two competitors, going head-to-head.

In sailboat racing it is differentiated from a fleet race, which almost always involves three or more competitors competing against each other, and team racing where teams consisting of 2, 3 or 4 boats compete together in a team race, with their results being combined.

In horse racing, it has historically been a format used for one-off events, but in 2009 IMRA, the International Match Race Association was created to enable anyone to enter a one-on-one horse race in all-terrain half-mile loops.
Marco Cribari
Marco Cribari (born 7 July 1985) is a former Swiss sprinter, who specialized in the 200 m.

Cribari was born in Zurich. He competed at the 2004 World Junior Championships, the 2006 European Championships, the 2007 World Championships, the 2008 Olympic Games and the 2009 World Championships without reaching the final. In the 4 x 100 metres relay he competed at the 2009 World Championships.

His personal best times are 10.35 seconds in the 100 m, achieved in July 2007 in Lausanne; and 20.54 seconds in the 200 m, achieved in June 2007 in Genève. He also held the Swiss record in the 4 × 100 m relay from 2008 until 2010.

In October 2009 Cribari ended his career because, as he stated, it was no longer possible for him to combine his sportive activities with his study of medicine.

2009 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay
The men's 4 × 100 metres relay at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics took place at the Olympic Stadium in Berlin on August 21 and August 22. The two main contenders for the event were the reigning World Champions, the United States, and the reigning Olympic Champions, Jamaica. Jamaica held the world record at 37.10 (which was later rescinded), which was established at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, while the United States entered with the 2009 overall season-best 37.85.
Cham (novel)
Cham is the second novel by John Llewellyn Rhys Prize winning British writer Jonathan Trigell.

It is set in the French mountain town and extreme sports Mecca of Chamonix Mont Blanc, where the author also resides.

The novel contrasts the modern, hedonistic and adrenaline-fuelled, lifestyles of the town's younger inhabitants against those of the Romantic Period poets Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley and John Polidori who also spent much time in the Chamonix Valley and lived lives considered debauched at the time. It also juxtaposes the sublime splendour of the high mountains and the almost spiritual quality of skiing and snowboarding against the modern town's darker underbelly and a night time world of alcohol abuse, drugs and casual sex.

The publisher has given the book the strapline: 'The Beach on ice: deep powder, dead poets and moral free-fall in the death-sport capital of the world.'

John Llewellyn Rhys Prize
The John Llewellyn Rhys Prize was a literary prize awarded annually for the best work of literature (fiction, non-fiction, poetry, or drama) by an author from the Commonwealth aged 35 or under, written in English and published in the United Kingdom. Established in 1942, it was one of the oldest literary awards in the UK.

Since 2011, the award has been suspended by funding problems. The last award was in 2010.
West Indian cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2010–11
The West Indies cricket team is touring Sri Lanka from 10 November to 21 December 2010. The tour consists of one three One Day Internationals (ODIs) and three Tests. A three-day tour match between West Indies and Sri Lanka Cricket president's XI was also played at the Sinhalese Sports Club Ground from 10 to 12 November.

When the 3rd match of the Test series was played at Pallekele in Kandy, Pallekele International Cricket Stadium became the 104th Test venue in the world. The stadium is also Sri Lanka's eight.

A five-match ODI series and a single Twenty20 match were originally scheduled to be played from 9–19 and 21 December respectively. Due to bad weather, the ODI series was changed to three matches in late January 2011 and the Twenty20 match cancelled.

British Eurosport bagged the rights to show the matches in the United Kingdom.

Kandy
Kandy (Sinhala: මහනුවර, romanised: Mahanuwara [mahanuʋərə] ⓘ; Tamil: கண்டி, romanised: Kaṇṭi [ˈkaɳɖi] ⓘ) is a major city located in the Central Province of Sri Lanka. It was the last capital of the Sinhalese monarchy from 1469 to 1818, under the Kingdom of Kandy. The city is situated in the midst of hills in the Kandy plateau. Kandy is the administrative  capital of the Central Province, and considered as the cultural capital of Sri Lanka, due to its architectural heritage. Kandy is the home of the Temple of the Tooth Relic (Sri Dalada Maligawa), one of the most important places of the Buddhist world. It was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1988. Historically the local Buddhist rulers resisted Portuguese, Dutch, and British colonial expansion and occupation.
Korea National Training Center
Korea National Training Center, also known as the Taereung Training Center, located in Gongneung-dong, Nowon District, in the northeast part of Seoul, is the first national athletic training center established in South Korea.

Since its establishment on 30 June 1966 by the Korea Sports Council (대한체육회 大韓體育會), Taereung Training Center has been the home of elite Korean sports activities. It consists of 24 buildings, including training facilities, gymnasiums and dormitories in an area of 100,000 square metres (25 acres). The training facilities have accommodated 20 different sport events such as athletics, gymnastics, archery, taekwondo, wrestling, swimming, and others.

In 2011, a newer facility, Jincheon National Training Center, was built to replace the crowded Taereung Training Center.

Korean Sport & Olympic Committee
The Korean Sport & Olympic Committee (Korean: 대한체육회; Hanja: 大韓體育會, abbr. KSOC) is the National Olympic Committee of Republic of Korea (competing as Korea) for the Olympic Games movement and inbound sports issue. It is a non-profit organization that selects players and teams to represent the nation, and raises funds to send them to Olympic events organized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
Jaime Naranjo
Jaime César Naranjo Ortíz (born 12 September 1951) is a Chilean politician who served as parliamentary.

He served as a Deputy for the Maule Region in multiple non-consecutive terms between 1990 and 2026, and as a Senator for the Maule South constituency between 2002 and 2010. He was a long-time member of the Socialist Party of Chile before resigning in 2024.

An opponent of the second government of Sebastián Piñera (2018−2022), on 8 November 2021, he conducted a filibuster in favor to impeach Piñera, operation which needed the vote of Giorgio Jackson to reach the necessary 78 votes for the initiative to pass to the Senate. In that way, Jackson arrived to the National Congress in Valparaíso around 01:25 AM, moment which he quickly voted.

Socialist Party of Chile
The Socialist Party of Chile (Spanish: Partido Socialista de Chile, PS) is a centre-left political party founded in 1933.

Its historic leader was President of Chile Salvador Allende, who was deposed in a coup d'état by General Augusto Pinochet in 1973. The military junta immediately banned socialist, Marxist and other leftist political parties. Members of the Socialist party and other leftists were subject to violent suppression, including torture and murder, under the Pinochet dictatorship, and many went into exile.

Twenty-seven years after the 1973 coup, Ricardo Lagos Escobar won the Presidency as the Socialist Party candidate in the 1999–2000 Chilean presidential election. Socialist Michelle Bachelet won the 2005–06 Chilean presidential election. She was the first female president of Chile and was succeeded by Sebastián Piñera in 2010. In the 2013 Chilean general election, she was again elected president, leaving office in 2018.
2nd Wisconsin Legislature
The Second Wisconsin Legislature convened from January 10, 1849, to April 2, 1849, in regular session. Senators representing odd numbered districts were newly elected for this session and were serving the first year of a two-year term.  Senators representing even numbered districts were serving the second year of their two-year term.

The governor of Wisconsin during this entire term was Democrat Nelson Dewey, of Grant County, serving his first full year in office after winning election in the state's first gubernatorial election in May 1848, and taking office in June 1848.

Grant County, Wisconsin
Grant County is the most southwestern county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 51,938. Its county seat is Lancaster and its largest city is Platteville. The county is named after the Grant River, in turn named after a fur trader who lived in the area when Wisconsin was a territory. Grant County comprises the Platteville Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is in the tri-state area of Wisconsin, Illinois, and Iowa, and is crossed by travelers commuting to Madison, Wisconsin, from a number of eastern Iowan cities, and by residents of northern Illinois traveling to the Twin Cities or La Crosse, Wisconsin.
Harry G. Barnes Jr.
Harry George Barnes Jr. (June 5, 1926 – August 9, 2012) was an American diplomat, known for his role in ending the government of Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet. A former Foreign Service Officer who served as US ambassador to Romania, India, and Chile, Barnes also occupied the post of Director General of the Foreign Service at the Department of State between December 22, 1977, and February 8, 1981. Elliott Abrams, the United States assistant secretary of state for inter-American affairs, once called Barnes "a world-class ambassador."

Director General of the Foreign Service
The director general of the Foreign Service is the designated manager of the United States Foreign Service.

The director general is a current or former Foreign Service officer, appointed by the president, with the advice and consent of the United States Senate. Since November 23, 1975, under a departmental administrative action, the director general has concurrently held the title of Director of the Bureau of Global Talent Management. As the head of the human resources bureau, the director general holds a rank equivalent to an assistant secretary of state and reports to the under secretary of state for management.
Nawal Farih
Nawal Farih (born 19 May 1988) is a Belgian politician serving as a member of the Chamber of Representatives. She joined Christian Democratic and Flemish in 2018, and has been in a relationship with its leader Sammy Mahdi since 2022. On 1 January 2025 they publicised their engagement to marry.

Christian Democratic and Flemish
Christian Democratic and Flemish (Dutch: Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams, pronounced [ˌkrɪstə(n)deːmoːˈkraːtis ɛɱ ˈvlaːms] ⓘ; CD&V) is a Flemish Christian-democratic political party in Belgium. The party has historical ties to both trade unionism (ACV) and trade associations (UNIZO) and the Farmer's League. Until 2001, the party was named the Christian People's Party (Christelijke Volkspartij [ˈkrɪstələkə ˈvɔlkspɑrˌtɛi], CVP).

It was traditionally the largest political party of Flanders, until it was overtaken by the New Flemish Alliance (N-VA) in the 2010s. CD&V participated in most governments and has generally the largest number of mayors. Most prime ministers of Belgium and minister-presidents of Flanders have been CD&V politicians. Herman Van Rompuy, the president of the European Council from 2009 to 2014, is one of the leading politicians of CD&V.

CD&V is a member of the European People's Party (EPP) and Centrist Democrat International.
Titu Maiorescu
Titu Liviu Maiorescu (Romanian: [ˈtitu majoˈresku]; 15 February 1840 – 18 June 1917) was a Romanian literary critic, politician and founder of the Junimea Society. As a literary critic, he was instrumental in the development of Romanian culture in the second half of the 19th century.

A member of the Conservative Party, he was Foreign Minister between 1910 and 1914 and Prime Minister of Romania from 1912 to 1913. He represented Romania at the Peace Conference in Bucharest that ended the Second Balkan War. In politics as in culture he favoured Germany over France. He opposed Romania's entry in World War I against Germany, but he nevertheless refused to collaborate with the German army after it had occupied Bucharest.

Blaj
Blaj (Romanian pronunciation: [blaʒ]; archaically spelled as Blaș; Hungarian: Balázsfalva; German: Blasendorf; Transylvanian Saxon: Blußendref) is a city in Alba County, Transylvania, Romania. It has a population of 17,816 inhabitants as of 2021.

The city administers eight villages: Deleni-Obârșie (Obursatanya), Flitești, Izvoarele (until 1960 Ciufud; Csufud), Mănărade (Monora), Petrisat (Magyarpéterfalva), Spătac (Szászpatak), Tiur (Tűr), and Veza (Véza).

The city was the principal religious and cultural center of the Romanian Greek-Catholic Church in Transylvania.
Battle of Nawanpind
The Battle of Nawanpind was a key engagement fought between Indian and Pakistani forces during the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971 in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. In the battle, troops of the 6th Garhwal Rifles successfully recaptured the Jogne Chak and Nawanpind posts from Pakistani forces after intense close-quarter combat on December 5, 1971.

The operation, marked by exceptional bravery, most notably by Rifleman Makar Singh Negi and Dafadar Prithi Singh, who were posthumously awarded the Vir Chakra, inflicted heavy casualties on the enemy. Following this success, Indian forces conducted multiple raids across the border in Pakistani border towns before the ultimate ceasefire on December 16, 1971.

Zorawar Chand Bakhshi
Lieutenant General Zorawar Chand 'Zoru' Bakshi PVSM, MVC, VrC, VSM (21 October 1921 or 2 January 1921 – 24 May 2018) was a General Officer of the Indian Army, most widely known as one of the commanders of Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 (Operation Ablaze). He also has the distinction of being "India's most decorated General".
Kazi Nazrul Islam Airport
Kazi Nazrul Islam Airport (IATA: RDP, ICAO: VEDG),  also known as Durgapur Airport, is a domestic airport serving the cities of Durgapur and Asansol in West Bengal, India. It is located in the Andal region of Durgapur. It is named after the Bengali poet Kazi Nazrul Islam. The airport is roughly 17 km from Durgapur’s City Centre and 34 km from Asansol’s City Bus Terminus.

The airport's hinterland comprises the cities of Durgapur, Asansol, Bardhaman, Bankura, Purulia, Bolpur in West Bengal and Jamtara, Dumka, Dhanbad and Bokaro in Jharkhand. It is part of the country's first private sector Aerotropolis, being developed by Bengal Aerotropolis Projects Limited (BAPL) in Andal, Durgapur. The airport was officially inaugurated on 19 September 2013 by the Chief Minister of West Bengal, Mamata Banerjee. According to 2023–24 data, the airport is the third busiest airport of West Bengal and the 58th busiest airport of India.

Jamtara
Jamtara is a city and a notified area in the Jamtara Sadar subdivision of the Jamtara district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It is the headquarters of the eponymous district, subdivision, and community development block.

Jamtara is nicknamed the "phishing capital of India", due to a history of pan-Indian scam incidents originating there.
Bagistanes
Bagistanes (Ancient Greek: Βαγιστάνης) was a distinguished man of ancient Babylon, who lived in the 4th century BCE.

He was a part of the group of Achaemenid Bessus that conspired to depose the Persian king Darius III. When Alexander the Great was in pursuit of them, in 330 BCE, Bagistanes, with Antibelus, abandoned his fellow conspirators, and informed Alexander of the danger of Darius, who was shortly thereafter murdered by the conspirators.

Some scholars posit that he may not actually have been Babylonian, and that his Babylonian ethnicity was merely inferred by later writers from his titles and social context. Some speculation comes from the fact that "Bagistanes" is not a typically Babylonian name. It has been suggested he was instead a man from Bagistan (modern Bogʻiston) who was merely employed by the Babylonian empire.

Bessus
Bessus or Bessos (Old Persian: *Bayaçā; Ancient Greek: Βήσσος), also known by his throne name Artaxerxes V (Old Persian: 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠 Artaxšaçāʰ; Ancient Greek: Ἀρταξέρξης; died summer 329 BC), was a Persian satrap of the eastern Achaemenid satrapy of Bactria, as well as the self-proclaimed King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire from 330 to 329 BC.

A member of the ruling Achaemenid dynasty, Bessus came to power shortly after killing the legitimate Achaemenid ruler Darius III (r. 336–330 BC), and subsequently attempted to hold the eastern part of the empire against the Macedonian king Alexander the Great (r. 336–323 BC). His realm quickly started to fall apart, including Bactria, which was the main center. Fleeing to Sogdia, he was arrested by his own men, who handed him over to Alexander, who had him executed at Ecbatana.

Bessus appears in the 11th-century Persian epic Shahnameh under the name of Janusipar/Janushyar.
KRRX
KRRX is a commercial radio station licensed in Burney, California, broadcasting to the Redding, California and Red Bluff, California areas on 106.1 FM.  KRRX airs an active rock music format branded as "106 X".

KRRX is owned by Stephens Media Group.

Redding, California
Redding is a city in and the county seat of Shasta County, California, and the economic and cultural capital of the Shasta Cascade region of Northern California. Redding lies along the Sacramento River, 162 miles (261 km) north of Sacramento, and 120 miles (190 km) south of California's northern border with Oregon. Its population was 93,611 at the 2020 census.
Stereopolina
Stereopolina (Russian: Стереополина, real name - Karina Nailevna Morgunova, May 5, 1995, Kazan) is a Russian synthpop, synthwave, postpunk and electroclash singer and songwriter. She has participated in multiple music festivals (VK fest, Stereoleto, Motherland, Moscow Music Week, XX Moscow Synthetic Snow Festival).

Electroclash
Electroclash (also known as synthcore, retro-electro, tech-pop, nouveau disco, and the new new wave) is a genre of popular music that fuses 1980s electro, new wave and synth-pop with 1990s techno, retro-style electropop and electronic dance music. It emerged in the late 1990s and was pioneered by and associated with acts such as I-F, DJ Hell, Miss Kittin and The Hacker, and Fischerspooner.
David W. Blight
David William Blight (born 1949) is the Sterling Professor of History, of African American Studies, and of American Studies and Director of the Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition at Yale University. Previously, Blight was a professor of History at Amherst College, where he taught for 13 years. He has won several awards, including the Bancroft Prize and Frederick Douglass Prize for Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory, and the Pulitzer Prize and Lincoln Prize for Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom. In 2021, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society.

Sterling Professor
Sterling Professor, the highest academic rank at Yale University, is awarded to a tenured faculty member considered the best in their field. It is akin to the rank of distinguished professor at other universities.

The appointment can be granted to any Yale faculty member and is made by the President of Yale University and confirmed by the Yale Corporation. Up to forty professors can hold the title at the same time. The position was established through a 1918 bequest from John William Sterling, and the first Sterling Professor was appointed in 1920.