hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vladimir Nikolayevich Petrov
Vladimir Nikolayevich Petrov (1915 in Ekaterinodar oblast, Russian Empire – March 17, 1999, in Kensington, Maryland) was at various times an academic, philatelist, prisoner, forced laborer, political prisoner, adventurer, factory worker, chess player and writer of short stories and autobiographies. He was at various times a Russian, American, and man of no country, though he was brought up in the USSR and died in the United States. Most of the information concerning his life originates from his personal memoirs, entitled Soviet Gold and My Retreat from Russia abridged in the published work Escape from the Future.

Philately
Philately (/fɪˈlætəli/; fih-LAT-ə-lee) is the study of postage stamps and postal history. It also refers to the collection and appreciation of stamps and other philatelic products. While closely associated with stamp collecting and the study of postage, it is possible to be a philatelist without owning any stamps. For instance, the stamps being studied may be very rare or reside only in museums.
Paul Trévigne
Paul Trévigne (1825 – September 1, 1908) was an American newspaperman and civil rights activist in New Orleans, Louisiana. He was editor of two black-owned newspapers, L'Union from 1862 until it closed in 1864, and then the New Orleans Tribune (1864-1870), the first black daily newspaper in the country. Both papers were bilingual, published in French and English.

He continued to work on civil rights issues, seeking equal rights for those who had been free people of color before the war, as well as the many freedmen emancipated by the war. He opposed efforts by white Democrats to impose segregation.

Freedman
A freedman or freedwoman is a person who has been released from slavery, usually by legal means. Historically, slaves freed themselves (runaways or maroons) through escape, self-purchase, or rebellion; or were freed through manumission (granted freedom by their owners), emancipation (granted freedom as part of a larger group), or abolition (the outlawing of slavery in general).
Ziesite
Ziesite is a copper vanadate mineral with formula: β-Cu2V2O7.  It was discovered in 1980 as monoclinic crystals occurring as volcanic sublimates around fumaroles in the crater of the Izalco Volcano, El Salvador.  It is named after Emanuel George Zies (1883–1981), an American geochemist who studied Izalco in the 1930s.

Closely related is blossite, also a copper vanadate with formula of α-Cu2V2O7.  It forms orthorhombic crystals.  Blossite was also first described for specimens from the Izalco volcano.

Ziesite and blossite are polymorphs, different crystal structure for the same chemical composition and are quite similar in physical properties.

Associated minerals include stoiberite, shcherbinaite, bannermanite, fingerite, mcbirneyite, blossite, chalcocyanite and chalcanthite.

Orthorhombic crystal system
In crystallography, the orthorhombic crystal system is one of the seven crystal systems. Orthorhombic lattices result from stretching a cubic lattice along two of its orthogonal pairs by two different factors, resulting in a rectangular prism with a rectangular base (a by b) and height (c), such that a, b, and c are distinct. All three bases intersect at 90° angles, so the three lattice vectors remain mutually orthogonal.
Lensk
Lensk (Russian: Ленск, IPA: [lʲɛnsk]; Yakut: Лиэнскэй, Lienskey) is a town and the administrative center of Lensky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 24,966.

Yakut language
The Yakut language (/jəˈkuːt/ yə-KOOT), also known as the Sakha language (/səˈxɑː/ sə-KHAH) or Yakutian, is a Siberian Turkic language spoken by around 450,000 native speakers—primarily by ethnic Yakuts. It is one of the official languages of the Sakha Republic, a republic in the Russian Federation.

The Yakut language has a large number of loanwords of Mongolic origin, a layer of vocabulary of unclear origin, as well as numerous recent borrowings from Russian. Like other Turkic languages, Yakut is an agglutinative language and features vowel harmony.
Chandler wobble
The Chandler wobble or Chandler variation of latitude is a small deviation in the Earth's axis of rotation relative to the solid earth, which was discovered by and named after American astronomer Seth Carlo Chandler in 1891. It amounts to change of about 9 metres (30 ft) in the point at which the axis intersects the Earth's surface and has a period of 433 days. This wobble, which is an astronomical nutation, combines with another wobble with a period of six years, so that the total polar motion varies with a period of about 7 years.

The Chandler wobble is an example of the kind of motion that can occur for a freely rotating object that is not a sphere; this is called a free nutation. Somewhat confusingly, the direction of the Earth's rotation axis relative to the stars also varies with different periods, and these motions—caused by the tidal forces of the Moon and Sun—are also called nutations, except for the slowest, which are precessions of the equinoxes.

Solid earth
Solid earth refers to "the earth beneath our feet" or terra firma, the planet's solid surface and its interior.: v : 1  It excludes the Earth's fluid envelopes, the atmosphere and hydrosphere (but includes the ocean basin), as well as the biosphere and interactions with the Sun.

Solid-earth science refers to the corresponding methods of study, a subset of Earth sciences, predominantly geophysics and geology, excluding aeronomy, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, hydrology, and ecology.
Our Lady of Covadonga
Our Lady of Covadonga (Asturian: Virxen de Cuadonga) also named "La Santina" is a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the name of a Marian shrine devoted to her at Covadonga, Asturias. The shrine in northwestern Spain rose to prominence following the Battle of Covadonga in about 720, which was the first defeat of the Moors during their invasion of Spain. The Blessed Virgin Mary, whose statue was hidden in one of the caves, was believed to have miraculously aided the Christian victory.

Our Lady of Covadonga is the co-patron of Asturias, and a basilica was built to house the current statue. Her feast day is 8 September, as it is also the autonomic day of Asturias.

Asturian language
Asturian (/æˈstʊəriən/; asturianu [astuˈɾjanʊ]) is a West Iberian Romance language spoken in the Principality of Asturias, Spain. Asturian is part of a wider linguistic group, the Asturleonese languages. The number of speakers is estimated at 100,000 (native) and 450,000 (second language). The dialects of the Astur-Leonese language family are traditionally classified in three groups: Western, Central, and Eastern. For historical and demographic reasons, the standard is based on Central Asturian. Asturian has a distinct grammar, dictionary, and orthography. It is regulated by the Academy of the Asturian Language. Although it is not an official language of Spain, it is protected under the Statute of Autonomy of Asturias and is an elective language in schools. For much of its history, the language has been ignored or "subjected to repeated challenges to its status as a language variety" due to its lack of official status.
Bruce Anderson (footballer, born 1907)
Robert Bruce Anderson (20 February 1907 – 31 August 1965) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Anderson, a local recruit from Ascot Vale, was a half back. He was used both on the flanks and at centre half-back. In the 1934 VFL season he acted as Essendon's vice captain. He represented Victoria at interstate football every year from 1933 to 1935. Anderson consistently polled votes in the Brownlow Medal and had his best showing in 1936 when he was Essendon's second best placed player.

He captain-coached Yarraville in 1938 and 1939.

Brownlow Medal
The Charles Brownlow Trophy, better known as the Brownlow Medal (and informally as Charlie), is awarded to the best and fairest player in the Australian Football League (AFL) during the home-and-away season, as determined by votes cast by the four officiating field umpires after each game. It is the most prestigious award for individual players in the AFL.

The medal was first awarded by the Victorian Football League (VFL). It was created and named in honour of Charles Brownlow, a former Geelong Football Club footballer (1880–1891) and club secretary (1885–1923), and VFL president (1918–19), who had died in January 1924 after an extended illness.
Charlton-on-Otmoor
Charlton-on-Otmoor is a village and civil parish about 9 miles (14 km) NE of Oxford and 6 miles (10 km) SW of Bicester in the Cherwell district, in the county of Oxfordshire, England. The village, one of the seven "towns" of Otmoor, is on the northern edge of the moor on a ridge of Cornbrash. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 449.

Victoria County History
The Victoria History of the Counties of England, commonly known as the Victoria County History  (VCH), is an English history project which began in 1899 with the aim of creating an encyclopaedic history of each of the historic counties of England, and was dedicated to Queen Victoria. In 2012 the project was rededicated to Queen Elizabeth II in celebration of her Diamond Jubilee year.: 7  Since 1933 the project has been coordinated by the Institute of Historical Research in the University of London.
Bronówek, Łódź Voivodeship
Bronówek [brɔˈnuvɛk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wartkowice, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) west of Wartkowice, 10 km (6 mi) north-west of Poddębice, and 45 km (28 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Poddębice
Poddębice [pɔdːɛmˈbʲit͡sɛ] is a town in central Poland, in Łódź Voivodeship. It is the capital of Poddębice County. It lies approximately 40 km (25 mi) northwest of Łódź. Population is 7,245 (2020). It is located within the historic Łęczyca Land.
Von Weber (surname)
von Weber is a German surname based on the name Weber, with the added nobiliary particle "von". Notable people with this name include:

Carl Maria von Weber (1786–1826), German composer

Max Maria von Weber (1822–1881), German engineer

Ritter von Weber, aristocratic German family
Eduard Ritter von Weber (1870–1934), German mathematician

Karl Ritter von Weber (1892–1941), German officer, veteran of World Wars I and II

Karl Ritter von Weber
Karl Weber, from 1917 Ritter von Weber (23 August 1892, in Geiselbach – 20 July 1941, near Smolensk) was a German officer, Major General and Commander of the 17th Panzer-Division of the German Army in World War II.
TER Midi-Pyrénées
TER Midi Pyrénées was the regional rail network serving the Midi-Pyrénées region in southwest France. The centre of the network was Toulouse-Matabiau station. In 2017 it was merged into the new TER Occitanie.

Capdenac
Capdenac (French pronunciation: [kapdənak]) is a commune in the Lot department in south-western France. It is a member of Les Plus Beaux Villages de France (The Most Beautiful Villages of France) Association.

It has been inhabited since prehistoric times. At one time Capdenac was thought to be identifiable as the Gaulish settlement of Uxellodunum which was besieged by Julius Caesar, but this theory has been discredited.
Terlincthun British Cemetery
Terlincthun British Cemetery is a Commonwealth War Graves Commission military cemetery containing Commonwealth and German burials from the First and Second World Wars, located in the French region of Hauts-de-France.

The Cemetery is located 1.6 miles (2.6 km) south-west of Wimille and 1.2 miles (1.9 km) north of Boulogne-sur-Mer.

Wimille
Wimille (French pronunciation: [vimil]; Picard: Wimil) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France about 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Boulogne, on the banks of the river Wimereux. The river Slack forms the northern boundary of the commune.
Zboiska, Sanok County
Zboiska [zbɔˈiska] (Ukrainian: Збоїська, Zboyis’ka) – Boyscza 1361, Boyska 1398, Boyschcze 1402, Bogiska 1437, Szboyska 1539, Zboiska alias Uhrynowce 1676, is a village in East Małopolska in the Lesser Beskid mountains. It is in the Bukowsko rural commune and the parish of Bukowsko.

Zboiska is about 10 miles from Sanok in south-west Poland. It is situated below the main watershed at the foot of the Słonne Mountain, and has an elevation of 340 metres. It is located in the Subcarpathian Voivodship (since 1999), but was previously in Krosno Voivodship (1975–1998) and Sanok district, (10 miles east of Sanok).

Beskids
The Beskids or Beskid Mountains (Polish: Beskidy; Czech: Beskydy; Slovak: Beskydy; Rusyn: Бескиды, Beskydŷ; Ukrainian: Бескиди, Beskydy) are a series of mountain ranges in the Carpathians, stretching from the Czech Republic in the west along the border of Poland with Slovakia up to Ukraine in the east.

The highest mountain in the Beskids is Hoverla, at 2,061 m (6,762 ft).
Rui (village)
Rui is a village in Rahata taluka of Ahmednagar district in the state of Maharashtra of India.  It is mentioned in ShriSaiSachcharitra, a holy book on Saibaba's life.

The village administration is governed by a body of panchayat, that is "Rui Grampanchayat", established on 2 February 1956.

Sandip Wable is now  sarpanch, political head of office.  He is the first sarpanch directly appointed by the people of village through general elections.

Ahmednagar district
Ahmednagar district (Marathi pronunciation: [əɦ(ə)məd̪nəɡəɾ]), officially Ahilyanagar district, is the largest district of Maharashtra state in western India. The historical city of Ahmednagar is the headquarters of the district. Ahmednagar and Sangamner are the largest cities in the district. It was the seat of the Ahmednagar Sultanate of late medieval period (1496–1636 CE). This district is known for the towns of Shirdi associated with Sai Baba, Meherabad associated with Meher Baba, Shani Shinganapur with Shanidev, and Devgad with Lord Dattatreya. Ahmednagar district is part of Nashik Division. The district is bordered by Aurangabad district to the northeast, Nashik district to the northwest, Thane and Pune districts to the southwest, Solapur district to the south and Beed district to the southeast.
Reiner Lemoine
Reiner Lemoine (2 February 1949 – 6 December 2006) was a German entrepreneur in the area of renewable energy.

During his studies of aerospace engineering he co-founded Wuseltronik, a socialistic collective for engineering based in Berlin-Kreuzberg. In 1996 he co-founded Solon AG, followed in 1999 by the solar cell manufacturer Q-Cells. In 2005 he was awarded as "Entrepreneur of the year" together with Anton Milner for Q-Cells.

Shortly before this death in December 2006 he founded the Reiner Lemoine Foundation which offers stipends for Ph.D. candidates in the area of renewable energies. On 20 August 2008 the German Minister of Environment Sigmar Gabriel inaugurated the Reiner-Lemoine-Research Center at Q-Cells SE.

Qcells
Qcells (formerly known as  Hanwha Qcells) is a manufacturer of photovoltaic cells. The company is headquartered in Seoul, South Korea, after being founded in 1999 in Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany, where the company still has its engineering offices. Qcells was purchased out of bankruptcy in August 2012 by the Hanwha Group, a South Korean business conglomerate. Qcells now operates as a subsidiary of Hanwha Solutions, the group's energy and petrochemical company.

Qcells has manufacturing facilities in the United States, Malaysia, and South Korea. The company was the sixth-largest producer of solar cells in 2019, with shipments totaling 7.3 gigawatts.
Henry Berry Lowry
Henry Berry Lowry (c. 1845 – unknown after 1872) was an American outlaw of Tuscarora, Lumbee, and Scottish descent. He led the Lowry Gang in North Carolina during and after the American Civil War. Many local North Carolinians remember him as a Robin Hood figure. Lowry was described by George Alfred Townsend, a correspondent for the New York Herald in the late 19th century, as "[o]ne of those remarkable executive spirits that arises now and then in a raw community without advantages other than those given by nature."

The New York Herald
The New York Herald was a large-distribution newspaper based in New York City that existed from 1835 to 1924. At that point it was acquired by its smaller rival the New-York Tribune to form the New York Herald Tribune.
Narco-submarine
A narco-submarine (also called a drug sub or narco-sub) is a type of custom ocean-going, self-propelled, semi-submersible or fully submersible vessel built by (or for) drug smugglers.

Newer semi-submersibles are almost fully submersible in order to reduce the likelihood of detection by visual, radar, sonar, or infrared systems. Cargo capacity varies widely with vessel size, although several tons is typical. In 2015, the largest known cargo of 7.7 tonnes (17,000 lb) was seized on a semi-submersible craft. Some contemporary narco-subs are capable of crossing the Atlantic Ocean. Meanwhile, recently captured vessels in the central Pacific during the mid 2020s indicate said vessels are increasingly durable enough for their operators to attempt voyages across the Pacific to Oceania.

Submersible
A submersible is an underwater vehicle which needs to be transported and supported by a larger watercraft or platform. This distinguishes submersibles from submarines, which are self-supporting and capable of prolonged independent operation at sea.

There are many types of submersibles, including both human-occupied vehicles (HOVs) and uncrewed craft, variously known as remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) or unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs). Submersibles have many uses including oceanography, underwater archaeology, ocean exploration, tourism, equipment maintenance and recovery and underwater videography.
CityLink Orange (BaltimoreLink)
CityLink Orange (abbreviated OR) is a bus route operated by the Maryland Transit Administration in Baltimore and its suburbs. The line currently runs from the Wal-Mart parking lot in Catonsville, Maryland east through downtown Baltimore to the Fox Ridge community in Essex, serving the corridors of Edmondson Avenue on the west side and Eastern Avenue on the east, and the communities of Edmondson Village, Allendale, Rosemont, Patterson Park, and Eastpoint, and is one of the most heavily used bus routes operated by the MTA.

The bus route is the successor to the 14 Ellicott City, 23 Back and Middle Rivers, and East Fayette Street streetcar lines.

Patterson Park
Patterson Park is an urban park in Southeast Baltimore, Maryland, United States, adjacent to the neighborhoods of Canton, Highlandtown, Patterson Park, and Butchers Hill. It is bordered by East Baltimore Street, Eastern Avenue, South Patterson Park Avenue, and South Linwood Avenue. The Patterson Park extension lies to the east of the main park, and is bordered by East Pratt Street, South Ellwood Avenue, and Eastern Avenue.

Patterson Park was established in 1827 and named for William Patterson (1752–1835). The park consists of open fields of grass, large trees, paved walkways, historic battle sites, a lake, playgrounds, athletic fields, a swimming pool, an ice skating rink and other signature attractions and buildings. At 137 acres (0.55 km2), Patterson Park is not the city's largest park; however, it is nicknamed "Best Backyard in Baltimore."
Tajlu Khanum
Tajlu Khanum (Persian: تاجلو خانم) or Tajli Begum (تاجلی بیگم), also known by her title of Shah-Begi Khanum (شاه بگی خانم), was a Turkoman princess from the Mawsillu tribe of the Aq Qoyunlu confederation. She was the principal wife of Shah Ismail, and the mother of Tahmasp I. She was one of the most powerful and influential queens of the Safavid Empire, playing important political and social roles. She held real power behind the throne for ten years during Shah Ismail's reign and for at least eight years during Shah Tahmasp's reign.

Safi-ad-Din Ardabili
Safi-ad-Din Esḥāq Ardabili (Persian: صفی‌الدین اسحاق اردبیلی, romanized: Ṣāfī ad-Dīn Isḥāq Ardabīlī; 1252/3 – 1334) was a poet, mystic, teacher and Sufi master. He was the son-in-law and spiritual heir of the Sufi master Zahed Gilani, whose order—the Zahediyeh—he reformed and renamed the Safaviyya, which he led from 1301 to 1334.

Safi was the eponymous ancestor of the Safavid dynasty, which ruled Iran from 1501 to 1736.
Last European veterans by war
This is an incomplete list of the last surviving European veterans of several wars. The last surviving veteran of any particular war, upon his death, marks the end of a historic era. Exactly who is the last surviving veteran is often an issue of contention, especially with records from wars which happened long ago. The "last man standing" was often very young at the time of enlistment and in many cases had lied about his age to gain entry into the service, which confuses matters further.

First Boer War
The First Boer War (Afrikaans: Eerste Vryheidsoorlog, lit. 'First Freedom War'),  was fought from 16 December 1880 until 23 March 1881 between the United Kingdom  and Boers of the Transvaal (as the South African Republic was known while under British administration). The war resulted in a Boer victory and eventual independence of the South African Republic. The war is also known as the First Anglo–Boer War, the Transvaal War or the Transvaal Rebellion.
Mi mujer está loca
Mi mujer está loca is a 1952 Argentine romantic comedy film of the classical era of Argentine cinema, directed by Carlos Schlieper and Enrique Cahen Salaberry, and starring Amelia Bence, Alberto Closas, and Amalia Sánchez Ariño.

Enrique Cahen Salaberry
Enrique Cahen Salaberry (born 12 October 1911 – 29 June 1991 in Buenos Aires) was a prolific Argentine film director whose career in the Cinema of Argentina as a movie director spanned five decades. He is a notable director of the Golden Age of Argentine cinema.

He directed some 60 films between 1943 and 1986 such as Cuidado Con Las Mujeres in 1951, winning a Premio ACE Award Best Cinema Director in 1971.
Operation Klipklop
Operation Klipklop occurred during the South African Border War between the Republic of South Africa and SWAPO. The operation began at first light on the 30 July 1980 when South African forces attacked SWAPO facilities in Angola.: 94  The objective was a PLAN logistics base at the town of Chitado, 5 km from the Namibian border and 35 km east of Ruacana, with the aim of disrupting mortar attacks on the Ruacana hydro-electric scheme.: 94

Supported by Alouette III attack helicopters, 80 men were dropped by helicopters close to the town. Twenty seven defenders, possibly PLAN or MPLA soldiers, died in the attack that followed with the SADF destroying the MPLA base in the town on their withdrawal.: 94  This operation followed Operation Sceptic and preceded Operation Protea.

SWAPO
The South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO /ˈswɑːpoʊ/; Afrikaans: Suidwes-Afrikaanse Volks Organisasie, SWAVO; German: Südwestafrikanische Volksorganisation, SWAVO), officially known as the SWAPO Party of Namibia, is a political party and former independence movement in Namibia (formerly South West Africa). Founded in 1960, it has been the governing party in Namibia since the country achieved independence in 1990. The party continues to be dominated in number and influence by the Ovambo ethnic group.

SWAPO held a two-thirds majority in parliament from 1994 to 2019. In the general election held in November 2019, the party won 65.5% of the popular vote and 63 out of the 104 seats in the National Assembly. It also holds 28 out of the 42 seats in the National Council. From November 2017 until his death in February 2024, Namibian President Hage Geingob remained the president of SWAPO after being elected to the position at the party's electoral congress.