hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Modulations
The Modulations were an American R&B vocal group from Durham, North Carolina consisting of singer-songwriters Larry Allen, Larry Duncan, Hoyle Saunders and Henry Channelle. The other group of Modulations that sung with Glenn Jones are not affiliated with this group. The group from the Bull City, Durham's nickname, had some success with the singles "I'm Hopelessly in Love" (1973) and "I Can't Fight Your Love" (1974), both of which were included on the Modulations' self-produced album, It's Rough Out Here, released in '75 and featuring arrangements by Vince Montana, Norman Harris, and Ronnie Baker and instrumentation by members of MFSB. The album was later reissued in Japan and the UK.

Ronnie Baker (musician)
Ronald Baker (1947 – 1990) was an American record producer, bassist, arranger and songwriter. He participated on many Gamble and Huff recordings and was one-third of the production team Baker-Harris-Young. He was one of The Trammps,  who are best known for their hit "Disco Inferno", which hit #11 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1978.

Baker died in 1990, but continued to be active until then.

In 2016, Baker was posthumously inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum.
Clayton M. Jones
Clayton M. Jones (born c. 1952) is the former chairman of Rockwell Collins.

He grew up in Nashville, Tennessee. He studied at the University of Tennessee and George Washington University. He served as a fighter pilot in the U.S. Air Force before joining Rockwell International.

He served on the board of directors of the Unisys Corporation and General Aviation Manufacturers Association as well as on the board of governors of the Aerospace Industry Association. He was a member of the National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee. He was an Honorary Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.

General Aviation Manufacturers Association
The General Aviation Manufacturers Association (GAMA) is the industry trade association representing general aviation (non-military & non-airliner) aircraft manufacturers and related enterprises, chiefly in the United States. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C., with an office in Brussels, Belgium.
Stanford Nunatak
Stanford Nunatak (76°51′S 143°18′W﻿ / ﻿76.850°S 143.300°W﻿ / -76.850; -143.300) is a small, somewhat isolated nunatak located 3.5 nautical miles (6 km) northeast of Mount Morgan in the eastern part of the Gutenko Nunataks, Marie Byrd Land. Mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1959–65. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Thomas H. Stanford, ionospheric physicist at Byrd Station, 1970.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Stanford Nunatak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Mount Morgan (Antarctica)
Mount Morgan (76°53′S 143°34′W﻿ / ﻿76.883°S 143.567°W﻿ / -76.883; -143.567) is a 999 metres (3,278 ft) high mountain in the West Antarctic Marie Byrd Land. It is located within the Ford Ranges 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) northeast of Mount Swan.

The United States Antarctic Service discovered and mapped it during its 1939-1941 expedition. The Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names named the mountain in 1966 after Charles Gill Morgan (1906-1980), a geologist in the second Antarctic expedition (1933-1935) of the US polar explorer Richard Evelyn Byrd.
Zun Da Da
"Zun Da Da" is a song by Puerto Rican singer Zion. It was selected as the second single from his debut solo studio album The Perfect Melody (2007). The song was released to radio stations on July 20, 2007, and released as a digital download on April 9, 2008. In 2022, Rolling Stone listed the song at number 99 on its list of the 100 Greatest Reggaeton Songs of All Time.

Zion & Lennox
Zion & Lennox was a Puerto Rican music duo from Carolina, Puerto Rico. In 2004, Zion & Lennox released their first studio album titled Motivando a la Yal under White Lion Records. After their first album, Zion & Lennox decided to start their own label, Baby Records Inc. The duo was made up of Félix Ortiz (Zion) and Gabriel Pizarro (Lennox).
The School for Friends
The School for Friends is an 1805 comedy play by the British writer Marianne Chambers. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London on 10 December 1805. The Drury Lane cast featured Robert William Elliston as Lord Belmour, Richard Wroughton as Sir Felix Mordant, William Barrymore as Sir Edward Epworth, William Dowton as Mr. Hardy, Charles Mathews as Matthew Daw, Walter Maddocks as Landlord, Jane Pope as Lady Courtland, Dorothea Jordan as Mrs. Hamilton, Harriet Siddons as Miss Emily, Harriet Mellon as Lucy and Charlotte Tidswell as Sarah. The prologue was written by James Kenney. It appeared for 25 performances on its initial run.

Harriet Mellon
Harriet Beauclerk, Duchess of St Albans (alternative spelling: Harriot; née Mellon; 11 November 1777 – 6 August 1837) was an Irish actress who starred at Drury Lane. She was successively the wife of banker Thomas Coutts and then of William Beauclerk, 9th Duke of St Albans. She was widely celebrated for her beauty, and she was painted by George Romney and Sir Thomas Lawrence.
David Dees
David Eugene Dees (July 9, 1957 – May 31, 2020) was an American commercial artist and graphic designer, known for his digital art depicting conspiracy theories. He began creating this type of art around 2003 after seeing photos of 9/11 that were used by conspiracy theorists.

Commercial art
Commercial art is the art of creative services, referring to art created for commercial purposes, primarily advertising. Commercial art uses a variety of platforms (magazines, websites, apps, television, etc.) for viewers with the intent of promoting the sale and interest of products, services, and ideas. It relies on the iconic image (pictorial representations that are recognized easily to members of a culture) to enhance recall and favorable recognition for a product or service. An example of a product could be a magazine ad promoting a new soda through complementary colors, a catchy message, and appealing illustrative features. Another example could be promoting the prevention of global warming by encouraging people to walk or ride a bike instead of driving in an eye catching poster. It communicates something specific to an audience.

People can obtain training, certifications, and degrees that incorporate commercial arts in many exercises, activities, and programs.
Puff-puff
Puff-puff is a traditional snack made of fried dough and eaten across Africa, especially in the west of the continent. The name "puff-puff" is from Nigeria; as listed below, many other names and varieties of the pastry exist.

Puff-puffs are generally made of dough containing flour, yeast, sugar, butter, salt, water and eggs (which are optional), and deep-fried in vegetable oil to a golden-brown color. Baking powder can be used as a replacement for yeast, but yeast is a better option. After frying, puff-puffs can be rolled in sugar. Like the French beignet and the Italian zeppole, puff-puffs can be rolled in any spice or flavoring such as cinnamon, vanilla and nutmeg. They may be served with a fruit dip of strawberry or raspberry.

Eggs as food
Humans and other hominids have consumed eggs for millions of years. The most widely consumed eggs are those of fowl, especially chickens. People in Southeast Asia began harvesting chicken eggs for food by 1500 BCE. Eggs of other birds, such as ducks and ostriches, are eaten regularly but much less commonly than those of chickens. People may also eat the eggs of reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Fish eggs consumed as food are known as roe or caviar.

Hens and other egg-laying creatures are raised throughout the world, and mass production of chicken eggs is a global industry. In 2009, an estimated 62.1 million metric tons of eggs were produced worldwide from a total laying flock of approximately 6.4 billion hens. There are issues of regional variation in demand and expectation, as well as current debates concerning methods of mass production. In 2012, the European Union banned battery husbandry of chickens.
Benzoylhydrazine
Benzoylhydrazine, also known as benzenecarbohydrazide, is an organic chemical compound, which is a hydrazide functionally linked to benzoic acid. It is typically used as a precursor in pharmaceutical and chemical synthesis, or used as a chemical intermediate for the production of hydrazine-based products.

Precursor (chemistry)
In chemistry, a precursor is a compound that participates in a chemical reaction that produces another compound.

In biochemistry, the term "precursor" often refers more specifically to a chemical compound preceding another in a metabolic pathway, such as a protein precursor.
Orotate reductase (NADPH)
In enzymology, orotate reductase (NADPH) (EC 1.3.1.15) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The two substrates of this enzyme are (S)-dihydroorotic acid and oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+). Its products are orotic acid, reduced NADPH, and a proton.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-CH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is (S)-dihydroorotate:NADP+ oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include orotate reductase, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, dihydro-orotic dehydrogenase, L-5,6-dihydro-orotate:NAD+ oxidoreductase, and orotate reductase (NADPH).  It has one cofactor, FAD.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses, which require it as a reducing agent ('hydrogen source'). NADPH is the reduced form, whereas NADP+ is the oxidized form. NADP+ is used by all forms of cellular life. NADP+ is essential for life because it is needed for cellular respiration.

NADP+ differs from NAD+ by the presence of an additional phosphate group on the 2' position of the ribose ring that carries the adenine moiety. This extra phosphate is added by NAD+ kinase and removed by NADP+ phosphatase.
Strelets Arab
The Strelets Arab or Strelets Horse is an extinct Ukrainian breed of light cavalry horse. It was bred in the nineteenth century at the Striletsky State Stud in Luhansk Oblast of Ukraine, from Arab and a variety of other stock. Numbers were gravely reduced by the events of the Russian Revolution and the Russian Civil War, and the breed came close to disappearing. The surviving stock – consisting of two stallions and a few mares – was taken to the Tersk Stud in the North Caucasus and used as the basis of the new Tersk breed of riding horse.: 258 : 507

Foundation stock
Foundation stock or foundation bloodstock refers to animals that are the progenitors, or foundation, of a breed or of a given bloodline within such. Many modern breeds can be traced to specific, named foundation animals, but a group of animals may be referred to collectively as foundation bloodstock when one distinct population (including both landrace breeds or a group of animals linked to a deliberate and specific selective breeding program) provides part of the underlying genetic base for a new distinct population.
Robert Barry Cutler
Robert Barry Cutler (August 11, 1810 – April 3, 1882) was a Canadian Liberal politician who represented the riding of Kent, New Brunswick, for one term from 1872 to 1874. He represented Kent in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1850 to 1856.

Born in Westmorland, New Brunswick, the son of Eben Cutler, he was educated at Annapolis Grammar School. He married Henrietta F. Charters in 1831. In 1855, he was a commissioner to settle the Canada disputed territory fund. Cutler was an assistant paymaster for the Intercolonial Railway from 1867 to 1872. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the provincial assembly in 1865 and for the House of Commons in 1867 and 1878. He died in Cape Bald, New Brunswick at the age of 71.

Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
The Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick (French: Assemblée législative du Nouveau-Brunswick) is the deliberative assembly of the New Brunswick Legislature, in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The assembly's seat is located in Fredericton. It was established in Saint John de jure when the colony was created in 1784 but came into session only in 1786, following the first elections in late 1785. The legislative assembly was originally the lower house in a bicameral legislature. Its upper house counterpart, the Legislative Council of New Brunswick, was abolished in 1891.  Its members are called "Members of the Legislative Assembly", commonly referred to as "MLAs".
Fibular hemimelia
Fibular hemimelia  or longitudinal fibular deficiency is "the congenital absence of the fibula and it is the most common congenital absence of long bone of the extremities." It is the shortening of the fibula at birth, or the complete lack thereof. Fibular hemimelia often causes severe knee instability due to deficiencies of the ligaments. Severe forms of fibula hemimelia can result in a malformed ankle with limited motion and stability. Fusion or absence of two or more toes are also common. In humans, the disorder can be noted by ultrasound in utero to prepare for amputation after birth or complex bone-lengthening surgery. The amputation usually occurs at six months with removal of portions of the legs to prepare them for prosthetic use. The other treatments, which include repeated corrective osteotomies and leg-lengthening surgery (Ilizarov apparatus), are costly and associated with residual deformity.

Ultrasound
Ultrasound is sound with frequencies greater than 20 kilohertz. This frequency is the approximate upper audible limit of human hearing in healthy young adults. The physical principles of acoustic waves apply to any frequency range, including ultrasound. Ultrasonic devices operate with frequencies from 20 kHz up to several gigahertz.

Ultrasound is used in many different fields. Ultrasonic devices are used to detect objects and measure distances. Ultrasound imaging or sonography is often used in medicine. In the nondestructive testing of products and structures, ultrasound is used to detect invisible flaws. Industrially, ultrasound is used for cleaning, mixing, and accelerating chemical processes. Animals such as bats and porpoises use ultrasound for locating prey and obstacles.
Butterscotch
Butterscotch is a type of confection whose primary ingredients are brown sugar and butter. Some recipes include cream, vanilla, and salt. The earliest known recipes, in mid-19th century Yorkshire, used treacle (molasses) in place of, or in addition to, sugar.

Butterscotch is similar to toffee, but the sugar is boiled to the soft crack stage, not hard crack. Often credited with their invention, S. Parkinson & Sons of Doncaster made butterscotch boiled sweets and sold them in tins, which became one of the town's best-known exports. They became famous in 1851 after Queen Victoria was presented with a tin when she visited the town. Butterscotch sauce, made of butterscotch and cream, is used as a topping for ice cream (particularly sundaes).

The term "butterscotch" is also often used more specifically for the flavour of brown sugar and butter together, even if the actual confection butterscotch is not involved, such as in butterscotch pudding (a type of custard).

Custard
Custard is a variety of culinary preparations based on sweetened milk, cheese, or cream cooked with egg or egg yolk to thicken it, and sometimes also flour, corn starch, or gelatin. Depending on the recipe, custard may vary in consistency from a thin pouring sauce (crème anglaise) to the thick pastry cream (crème pâtissière) used to fill éclairs. The most common custards are used in custard desserts or dessert sauces and typically include sugar and vanilla; however, savory custards are also found, e.g., in quiche.
Raymond Damblant
Raymond Damblant (French: [ʁɛmɔ̃ dɑ̃blɑ̃]; 10 January 1931 – 19 July 2025) was a French and Canadian judoka, one of only five Canadian judoka to achieve the rank of kudan (ninth dan), and was deeply involved in the development of Canadian Judo, especially in Quebec. He refereed at three Olympics and six World Judo Championships, coached the Canadian judo team on multiple occasions, held multiple positions on Judo Canada's executive committee, served as the founding President of Judo Quebec, and was inducted into the Judo Canada Hall of Fame in 1996.

Damblant was born in France and moved to Canada in 1959 to help promote judo in Quebec on behalf of the French Judo Federation. He had planned to stay for a year but instead settled in Montreal permanently. Damblant founded Club de judo Hakudokan in 1968, and retired as its technical director in 2017.

Damblant died on 19 July 2025, at the age of 94.

Judo at the Summer Olympics
Judo was first included in the Summer Olympic Games at the 1964 Games in Tokyo, Japan.  After not being included in 1968, judo has been an Olympic sport in each Olympiad since then. Only male judoka participated until the 1988 Summer Olympics, when women's judo was organized as a demonstration sport. Women judoka were first awarded medals at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
Comiziano
Comiziano is a comune (municipality) in the  Metropolitan City of Naples in  Italy,  Campania region, located about 30 km northeast of Naples.

Comiziano borders the following municipalities: Camposano, Casamarciano, Cicciano, Cimitile, Tufino.

Metropolitan City of Naples
The Metropolitan City of Naples (Italian: città metropolitana di Napoli) is a metropolitan city in the Campania region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Naples. The province was established on 1 January 2015 and contains 92 comuni (sg.: comune).
It was first created by the reform of local authorities (Law 142/1990) and established by Law 56/2014, thus replacing the province of Naples in 2015. It has 2,958,410 inhabitants as of 2025, making it the 3rd most populous metropolitan city in the country.

The Metropolitan City of Naples is headed by the Metropolitan Mayor (sindaco metropolitano) and the Metropolitan Council (consiglio metropolitano). Since 18 October 2021, its head has been Gaetano Manfredi, mayor of the capital city.
William S. Patton
William S. Patton (June 20, 1813 – July 5, 1889) was an American politician who served as the Speaker of the Mississippi House of Representatives between 1852 and 1854.

Patton was born on June 20, 1813, in Wayne County, Mississippi. Patton went to LaGrange College around 1831. In 1844, Patton was elected to the Alabama House of Representatives. In 1848, Patton moved to Mississippi. In 1851, Patton was elected to the Mississippi House of Representatives. Between 1852 and 1854, Patton served as speaker of the Mississippi House of Representatives.

During the American Civil War, Patton served in the Confederate Army, as part of Fifth Regiment in the Army of 10,000, and later the 37th Mississippi Infantry Regiment. Patton had the rank of colonel by the end of the war.

Patton died on July 5, 1889.

Mississippi House of Representatives
The Mississippi House of Representatives is the lower house of the Mississippi Legislature, the lawmaking body of the U.S. state of Mississippi, the upper house being the Mississippi Senate. According to the state constitution of 1890, it is to comprise no more than 122 members elected for four-year terms. To qualify as a member of the House, candidates must be at least 21 years old, a resident of Mississippi for at least four years, and a resident in the district for at least two years. Elections are held the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.
I'll Tell You What Man...
I'll Tell You What Man... is the 1988 debut album by Pittsburgh band the Clarks. The album was the band's first release, created while the musicians were still in college at Indiana University of Pennsylvania.  The fast-paced song "Help Me Out" gained some airplay on Western Pennsylvania college radio stations, but at this point, the Clarks had yet to achieve success.

Indiana University of Pennsylvania
The Indiana University of Pennsylvania (IUP) is a public research university in Indiana, Pennsylvania, United States. It is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education and classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High Spending and Doctorate Production". As of 2024, the university enrolled over 9,000 undergraduate and graduate students. It is governed by a local Council of Trustees and the Board of Governors of the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education. IUP has branch campuses at Punxsutawney, Northpointe, and Monroeville.
John F. Meade
John Francis Meade (September 20, 1819 – May 6, 1850) was a farmer, land speculator and politician from Green Bay, Wisconsin who served a single one-year term as a Democratic member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Brown County during the 1849 session (2nd Wisconsin Legislature) and held various other public offices in the Territory and State of Wisconsin.

2nd Wisconsin Legislature
The Second Wisconsin Legislature convened from January 10, 1849, to April 2, 1849, in regular session. Senators representing odd numbered districts were newly elected for this session and were serving the first year of a two-year term.  Senators representing even numbered districts were serving the second year of their two-year term.

The governor of Wisconsin during this entire term was Democrat Nelson Dewey, of Grant County, serving his first full year in office after winning election in the state's first gubernatorial election in May 1848, and taking office in June 1848.
Santi Matteo e Margherita, Ortignano
43°40′37.308″N 11°44′56.688″E﻿ / ﻿43.67703000°N 11.74908000°E﻿ / 43.67703000; 11.74908000

Santi Matteo e Margherita is a Catholic parish church in the frazione of Ortignano in the town of Ortignano Raggiolo, province of Arezzo, region of Tuscany, Italy. The church is part of the Diocese of Arezzo-Cortona-Sansepolcro.

Originally solely dedicated to Santa Margherita, upon its elevation to parish in 1699, it was also dedicated to St Matthew. The interior once housed paintings from the Sienese school, including a tempera altarpiece depicting a Madonna and Child with Saints by Giacomo Pacchiarotto, now in the Museo Diocesano of Arezzo.

Ortignano Raggiolo
Ortignano Raggiolo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Arezzo in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast of Florence and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Arezzo.

Ortignano Raggiolo borders the following municipalities: Bibbiena, Castel Focognano, Castel San Niccolò, Loro Ciuffenna, Poppi. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
Third Department of the General Staff Department
The Third Department (3PLA) of the People's Liberation Army Joint Staff Department was responsible for China's military computer network operations (CNO) and signals intelligence (SIGINT) operations. It has been compared to the United States' National Security Agency or British GCHQ. In 2016, its functions were transferred to the Network Systems Department of the PLA Strategic Support Force.

Signals intelligence
Signals intelligence (SIGINT) is the act and field of intelligence-gathering by interception of signals, whether communications between people (communications intelligence—abbreviated to COMINT) or from electronic signals not directly used in communication (electronic intelligence—abbreviated to ELINT). As classified and sensitive information is usually encrypted, signals intelligence may necessarily involve cryptanalysis (to decipher the messages). Traffic analysis—the study of who is signaling to whom and in what quantity—is also used to integrate information, and it may complement cryptanalysis.