hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Revenue stamps of the Falkland Islands
The Falkland Islands issued very few revenue stamps, and did so between 1952 and 1996. The only special revenue stamps were for Old Age Pensions and Social Security. For other fiscal purposes, dual-purpose & revenue stamps were used.

Revenue stamp
A revenue stamp, tax stamp, duty stamp or fiscal stamp is a (usually) adhesive label used to designate collected taxes or fees on documents, tobacco, alcoholic drinks, drugs and medicines, playing cards, hunting licenses, firearm registration, and many other things.  Typically, businesses purchase the stamps from the government (thereby paying the tax), and attach them to taxed items as part of putting the items on sale, or in the case of documents, as part of filling out the form.

Revenue stamps often look very similar to postage stamps, and in some countries and time periods it has been possible to use postage stamps for revenue purposes, and vice versa. Some countries also issued dual-purpose postage and revenue stamps.
Giannina e Bernardone
Giannina e Bernardone is a dramma giocoso in two acts by composer Domenico Cimarosa with an Italian libretto by Filippo Livigni. The opera premiered in the autumn of 1781 at the Teatro San Samuele in Venice. A portion of the work was performed again in 1786 in Venice in the form of an intermezzo entitled Il villano geloso.

Intermezzo
In music, an intermezzo (/ˌɪntərˈmɛtsoʊ/, Italian pronunciation: [interˈmɛddzo], plural form: intermezzi), in the most general sense, is a composition which fits between other musical or dramatic entities, such as acts of a play or movements of a larger musical work. In music history, the term has had several different usages, which fit into two general categories: the opera intermezzo and the instrumental intermezzo.
2014 World Team Table Tennis Championships
The 2014 World Team Table Tennis Championships were held in Tokyo from 28 April to 5 May 2014. The Championships was staged in Japan for the seventh time and was the 52nd edition of the team competition.

The decision was announced by ITTF in May 2011, after several sporting events including the 2011 World Figure Skating Championships were shifted from Japan due to the Tōhoku earthquake and the following Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster.

2011 World Figure Skating Championships
The 2011 World Figure Skating Championships was a senior international figure skating competition in the 2010–11 season. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

The competition was originally assigned to Nagano, Japan, and later moved to Tokyo, to be held from March 21–27 at the Yoyogi National Gymnasium with the Japan Skating Federation as the host organization. It was postponed in the wake of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami and later reassigned to Moscow, Russia.
Jared Retkofsky
Jared Michael Retkofsky (born March 16, 1983) is an American former professional football player who was a long snapper in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the TCU Horned Frogs and was signed by the Pittsburgh Steelers as an undrafted free agent in 2007.

Retkofsky earned a Super Bowl ring with the Steelers in Super Bowl XLIII over the Arizona Cardinals. He was also a member of the Seattle Seahawks, as well as the New York Sentinels and Hartford Colonials of the United Football League (UFL).

Super Bowl ring
The Super Bowl ring is an award given by the National Football League to the members of the winning team of the league's annual championship game, the Super Bowl.

Other rings are awarded to the members of the Super Bowl runner-up team and of the teams that win the AFC or NFC championship. Teams that make the playoffs also receive bonus money that is distributed evenly among members who spent at least three games on the active or reserve list during the regular season.
Hanro Liebenberg
Hanro Liebenberg (born 10 October 1995) is a South African rugby union player for Leicester Tigers in England's Premiership Rugby. He previously played for the Bulls in Super Rugby, the Blue Bulls in the Currie Cup and the Blue Bulls XV in the Rugby Challenge. His regular playing position is number eight and flanker.

Liebenberg was a Premiership Rugby champion in 2022, scoring the first try in the final.

Currie Cup
The Currie Cup (Afrikaans: Curriebeker) is South Africa's premier domestic rugby union competition featuring teams representing either entire provinces or substantial regions within provinces. The Currie Cup dates back to 1891.
Loch Striven
Loch Striven (Scottish Gaelic: Loch Sroigheann) is a sea loch in Argyll and Bute, Scotland. The loch meets the Firth of Clyde and the Kyles of Bute just north of the Isle of Bute, and forms a narrow inlet about 8 miles (13 km) long extending north into the Cowal Peninsula.

The hamlet of Ardtaraig lies at the head of the loch, on the B836 road that provides an east-west route across Cowal between the heads of the Holy Loch and Loch Riddon. Minor roads follow the coast of the loch from its southern end, with the one on the east coast terminating near the hamlet of Inverchaolain about the mid-point of the loch, and the one on the west coast petering out after just 1.5 miles (2.4 km). There is no road access to the north of the loch between these points and Ardtaraig.

Loch
Loch (/lɒx/ LOKH) is a word meaning "lake" or "sea inlet" in Scottish and Irish Gaelic, subsequently borrowed into English. In Irish contexts, it often appears in the anglicized form "lough". A small loch is sometimes called a lochan. Lochs which connect to the sea may be called "sea lochs" or "sea loughs".
Tressler Bank
Tressler Bank (65°0′S 95°0′E﻿ / ﻿65.000°S 95.000°E﻿ / -65.000; 95.000)  is a submarine bank with a least depth of 56 fathoms, extending from about 94 to 96E in the eastern part of the Davis Sea. The bank was sounded by the USS Burton Island and Willis L. Tressler of the U.S. Navy Hydrographic Office. Tressler carried on oceanographic studies in the Antarctic aboard the USS Tressler and was a scientific leader at Wilkes Station in 1958.

Wilkes Station
Wilkes Station is a former Australian Antarctic research station. It was established in January 1957 by the United States in Antarctica. It was taken over by the Australian Antarctic Division on 7 February 1959. Environmental difficulties at this site lead to it being abandoned in 1969, with the Australians establishing a new base, Casey Station. The old base is still awaiting remediation, with contamination left at the site threatening to affect the environment.
Therme Bad Wörishofen
Therme Bad Wörishofen is a spa complex in Bad Wörishofen, Germany (near Munich). It is called Therme despite not having a Roman Bath. The complex is divided into two parts: the Thermenparadies (in English the "Thermae Paradise") and the SaunaOase (in English the "Sauna Oasis"). The Thermenparadies houses the main swimming pools, including jacuzzis and showers. In the SaunaOase there are saunas, showers, swimming pools and a solarium.

It is affiliated with the more famous Therme Erding in the nearby town of Erding, east of Munich Airport.

Munich Airport
Munich Airport (Flughafen München „Franz Josef Strauß“) (IATA: MUC, ICAO: EDDM) is an international airport serving Munich and the surrounding region of Upper Bavaria and Lower Bavaria. Located 28.5 km (17.7 mi) northeast of Munich near the town of Freising, it is named after former Bavarian minister-president Franz Josef Strauss. According to the German Aeronautical Information Publication, the airport's official name is Muenchen Airport.

The airport is the second-busiest in Germany after Frankfurt Airport and the eleventh-busiest in Europe, handling 41.6 million passengers in 2024. It ranked as the 39th-busiest airport worldwide that year.

Munich Airport is a hub for Lufthansa and also hosts several of its subsidiaries. It has two passenger terminals, a midfield terminal, two runways, and extensive cargo and maintenance facilities capable of handling wide-body aircraft such as the Airbus A380.
John K. Hendrick
John Kerr Hendrick (October 10, 1849 – June 20, 1921) was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky.

Born in Caswell County, North Carolina, Hendrick moved with his parents to Logan County and later to Todd County, Kentucky, attended private schools and Bethel College, Russellville, Kentucky, moved to Crittenden County, Kentucky, in 1869 and engaged in teaching school. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1874, commencing practice in Smithland, Kentucky. He served as prosecuting attorney of Livingston County from 1878 to 1886, and as member of the Kentucky Senate from 1887 to 1891. During that time, he served as delegate to the 1888 Democratic National Convention.

Hendrick was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1897). He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1896.

He resumed the practice of law in Paducah, Kentucky, where he died June 20, 1921. He was interred in Maplelawn Cemetery.

Paducah, Kentucky
Paducah (/pəˈduːkə/ ⓘ pə-DOO-kə) is a home rule-class city in the Upland South, and the county seat of McCracken County, Kentucky, United States. The most populous city in the Jackson Purchase region, it is located in the Southeastern United States at the confluence of the Tennessee and the Ohio rivers, halfway between St. Louis, Missouri, to the northwest and Nashville, Tennessee, to the southeast. As of the 2020 census, the population was 27,137, up from 25,024 in 2010. Twenty blocks of the city's downtown have been designated as a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Paducah is the principal city of the Paducah metropolitan area, which includes McCracken, Ballard, Carlisle and Livingston counties in Kentucky and Massac County in Illinois.  The total population of the metro area was 103,481 in 2020.  The Paducah–Mayfield combined statistical area had a total population of 140,138.
Sorochinsky Urban Okrug
Sorochinsky Urban Okrug (Russian: Сорочинский городско́й о́круг) is a municipal formation (an urban okrug) in Orenburg Oblast, Russia, one of the thirteen urban okrugs in the oblast. Its territory comprises the territories of two administrative divisions of Orenburg Oblast—Sorochinsky District and the Town of Sorochinsk.

It was established on June 1, 2015 by the Law #2824/781-V-OZ of Orenburg Oblast by merging the municipal formations of former Sorochinsky Municipal District and granting the resulting entity urban okrug status.

Orenburg Oblast
Orenburg Oblast (also Orenburzhye) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), mainly located in Eastern Europe, with some land in the southern and eastern portions of the oblast falling within Asia. Its administrative center is the city of Orenburg. From 1938 to 1957, it bore the name Chkalov Oblast in honor of Valery Chkalov. As of the 2021 Census, the oblast had a population of 1,862,767, down from 2,033,072 in the 2010 Census.
Erkuai
Erkuai (Chinese: 饵块; pinyin: ěrkuài) is a type of rice cake particular to the Yunnan Province of southwest China.

It is often served stir-fried with vegetables, and málà (麻辣) sauce, which is a mixture of dried red chilis, Sichuan pepper, and salt.

It is also sold as the popular street food kăo ĕrkuāi (烤饵块) or shāo ěrkuāi grilled and rolled around a yóutiáo (strip of fried dough), with sweet or savory condiments added, making a rolled-up snack resembling a Mexican burrito. The sweet type contains a sweet brown sauce and peanuts, while the savory type is spread with lǔfǔ and bean sprouts, and various other toppings. Kăo ĕrkuāi is particularly popular in the tourist area of Dali.

Its peculiar name has led to it being called one of the Eighteen Oddities in Yunnan.

Sprouting
Sprouting is the natural process by which seeds or spores germinate and put out shoots, and already established plants produce new leaves or buds, or other structures experience further growth.

In the field of nutrition, the term signifies the practice of germinating seeds (for example, mung beans or sunflower seeds) to be eaten raw or cooked, which is considered more nutritious.
Volodymyr Rafeienko
Volodymyr Volodymyrovych Rafeyenko (born November 25, 1969) is a Ukrainian prose writer, poet, translator, literary and film critic,  a member of PEN Ukraine. From 1992 to 2018, was writing in Russian, published his works mostly in Russia and was regarded as a representative of Russian literature. In 2014, having moved to the Kyiv region, learned Ukrainian, started writing his new novel in Ukrainian, and become a full-fledged representative of Ukrainian literature as well. In 2022, he moved to Ternopil escaping active fighting in Kyiv region. Rafeyenko is a representative of magic realism.

Kyiv Oblast
Kyiv Oblast (Ukrainian: Київська область, romanized: Kyivska oblast, IPA: [ˈkɪjiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also called Kyivshchyna (Київщинa, IPA: [ˈkɪjiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]), is an oblast (province) in central and northern Ukraine. It surrounds, but does not include, the city of Kyiv, which is administered as a city with special status. However, Kyiv also serves as the administrative center of the oblast. The Kyiv metropolitan area extends out from Kyiv city into parts of the oblast, which is significantly dependent on the urban economy and transportation of Kyiv.

The population of Kyiv Oblast is 1,795,079 (2022 estimate). Its largest city is Bila Tserkva, with a population over 200,000.

The Chernobyl Exclusion Zone is in the northern part of Kyiv Oblast. It is administered separately from the oblast and public access is prohibited.
John Baughan
John Baughan (1754 – 25 September 1797) was a carpenter who was convicted at Oxford, England, in 1783 as Baffen (alias Bingham and Baughan), and sentenced to be transported for 7 years for stealing 5 blankets. He was in the Mercury bound for America in 1784 when she was seized by the convicts off Torbay; he was recaptured and held at Plymouth until transferred to the First Fleet transport Friendship.

First Fleet
The First Fleet were eleven British ships which transported a group of settlers to mainland Australia, marking the beginning of the European colonisation of Australia. It consisted of two Royal Navy vessels, three storeships and six convict transports under the command of Captain Arthur Phillip. On 13 May 1787, the ships, with over 1,400 convicts, marines, sailors, colonial officials, and free settlers onboard, left Portsmouth and travelled over 24,000 kilometres (15,000 mi; 13,000 nmi) and over 250 days before arriving in Botany Bay, New South Wales, on 18 January 1788. Governor Arthur Phillip rejected Botany Bay, choosing instead Port Jackson to the north as the site for the new colony; the Fleet arrived there on 26 January 1788. The Fleet established the Colony of New South Wales as a penal colony; the first British settlement in Australia.
Akatsuki-class destroyer (1931)
The Akatsuki-class destroyer (暁型駆逐艦, Akatsuki-gata kuchikukan) was a class of four destroyers of the Imperial Japanese Navy.  According to most sources, they are regarded as a sub-class of the Fubuki class, partly because the Imperial Japanese Navy itself kept the improvements made a secret, and did not officially designate these four destroyers as a separate class.

4th Fleet (Imperial Japanese Navy)
The 4th Fleet was a fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy. The Fourth Fleet designation was used during three separate periods. The initial designation was for a group of ships that were assigned to work together during the Russo-Japanese conflict and the period of its immediate aftermath. The second time the designation was used was during the Sino-Japanese conflict, and the third time was as a South Pacific area of command during the middle of the Pacific War.
Co-op Academy Leeds
Co-op Academy Leeds (formerly Primrose High School) is a co-operative academy in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is a part of the Co-op Academies Trust, which is sponsored by The Co-operative Group.

Cooperative school
Co-operative schools are characterised by the co-operative values and principles which underpin the practice of all co-operative organisations.
In England and Wales, around 850 schools currently use co-operative values to support the curriculum design, pedagogy and structures for accountability and democracy.
Kuntur Chukuña (Oruro)
Kuntur Chukuña (Aymara kunturi condor, Aymara chukuña to squat, to cower, 'where the condor squats', also spelled Condor Chucuna, Condor Chucuña) is a mountain in the Andes of Bolivia, about 4,035 m (13,238 ft) high. It is situated in the Oruro Department, Sebastián Pagador Province (which is identical to the Santiago de Huari Municipality), Lukumpaya Canton. It lies southeast of Poopó Lake, south of the village of Urmiri and northwest of Jatun Wila Qullu.

Oruro Department
Oruro (Spanish pronunciation: [oˈɾuɾo]; Quechua: Uru Uru; Aymara: Ururu) is a department of Bolivia, with an area of 53,588 km2 (20,690 sq mi). Its capital is the city of Oruro. According to the 2012 census, the Oruro department had a population of 494,178.
Achaea (ancient region)
Achaea (/əˈkiːə/) or Achaia (/əˈkaɪə/; Greek: Ἀχαΐα, Akhaḯa, Ancient Greek: [akʰaía]) is the northernmost region of the Peloponnese, occupying the coastal strip north of Arcadia. Its approximate boundaries are: to the south,  Mount Erymanthus; to the south-east,  Mount Cyllene; to the east, Sicyon; and to the west, the Larissos river. Apart from the plain around Dyme in the west, Achaea is generally a mountainous region.

Helike
Helike (/ˈhɛlɪkiː/; Greek: Ἑλίκη, pronounced [heˈlikɛː], modern Greek pronunciation: [eˈlici]) was an ancient Greek polis or city-state that was submerged by a tsunami in the winter of 373 BC.

It was located in the regional unit of Achaea, northern Peloponnesos, two kilometres (12 stadia) from the Corinthian Gulf and near the city of Boura, which, like Helike, was a member of the Achaean League. Modern research attributes the catastrophe to an earthquake and accompanying tsunami which destroyed and submerged the city.

The remains of Helike were rediscovered in 2001 buried in an ancient lagoon near the village of Rizomylos. In an effort to protect the site from destruction, the World Monuments Fund included Helike in its 2004 and 2006 List of 100 Most Endangered Sites.
Drug courts in the United States
In the United States, drug courts are specialized court docket programs that aim to help participants recover from substance use disorder to reduce future criminal activity. Drug courts are used as an alternative to incarceration and aim to reduce the costs of repeatedly processing low‐level, non‐violent offenders through courts, jails, and prisons. Drug courts are usually managed by a nonadversarial and multidisciplinary team including judges, prosecutors, defense attorneys, community corrections, social workers and treatment service professionals. Drug court participants include criminal defendants and offenders, juvenile offenders, and parents with pending child welfare cases.

National Association of Drug Court Professionals
The National Association of Drug Court Professionals (NADCP) is the former name of All Rise, an American 501(c)(3) non-profit organization devoted to furthering the treatment court model and criminal justice reform worldwide. In 2023, NADCP announced it was rebranding to All Rise.
The Only Number That Matters Is Won
The Only Number That Matters Is Won is the second collaborative studio album by American emcee/producer duo Pace Won and Mr. Green. It was released on September 4, 2012, via Raw Poetix Records LLC. The album features guest appearances from Masta Ace, Lee $cratch Perry, Snoop Dogg, Burnt MD, Lawrence Arnell, Rival.

It was supported by two music videos, "Ever Since" and "Something To Say".

Masta Ace
Duval Clear (born December 4, 1966), better known by his stage name Masta Ace, is an American rapper and record producer from New York City. A lead member of Mr. Magic's hip hop collective Juice Crew, he is best known for his guest appearance alongside Kool G Rap, Craig G and Big Daddy Kane on the group's 1988 posse cut "The Symphony". He is noted for his distinct voice and rapping proficiency.
Ruling pen
A ruling pen is a drawing instrument for drawing with ink or with other drawing fluids. Originally used for technical drawings in engineering and cartography together with straight rulers and French curves, it is today used for specific uses, such as picture framing or calligraphy. Drafting compasses are also sometimes provided with ruling nibs.

Picture frame
A picture frame is a protective and decorative edging for a picture, such as a painting or photograph. It makes displaying the work safer and easier and both sets the picture apart from its surroundings and aesthetically integrates it with them.
Rage and Time
Rage and Time: A Psychopolitical Investigation (German: Zorn und Zeit. Politisch-psychologischer Versuch) is a 2006 book by the German philosopher Peter Sloterdijk. It traces the role and prevalence of rage in Western history, starting with the Thumos described by Homer in the Iliad. Sloterdijk argues that a productive form of rage has been suppressed by first Christianity and then psychoanalysis.

An English translation by Mario Wenning was published in 2010.

Thumos
Thumos, also spelled thymos (Ancient Greek: θυμός), is the Ancient Greek concept of 'spiritedness' (as in "a spirited stallion" or "spirited debate"). The word indicates a physical association with breath or blood and is also used to express the human desire for recognition. It is not a somatic feeling, as nausea and dizziness are.
Burnt House, West Virginia
Burnt House is an unincorporated community in Ritchie County, West Virginia, United States. Burnt House is located on West Virginia Route 47 and Grass Run, 11.8 miles (19.0 km) south-southeast of Harrisville. The Burnt House Post Office closed 5/23/1986.

The community's name recalls a tavern which burned at the town site circa 1840.

Harrisville, West Virginia
Harrisville is a town and the county seat of Ritchie County, West Virginia, United States. As of the 2020 census, Harrisville had a population of 1,631. Harrisville is located at the junction of State Routes 31 and 16, five miles south of U.S. 50. Within the community are an elementary school, the county board of education, many businesses, three banks, a library, offices of the Ritchie Gazette and The Pennsboro News, a municipal park, and North Bend Golf Course. North Bend Lake and North Bend State Park are located just outside town limits. Municipal elections are held every two years.
Territorial defense (Russia)
Territorial defense in Russia (Russian: Территориальная оборона) is a set of measures, as well as detachments, organized in wartime by territorial authorities to combat sabotage and reconnaissance groups and landings, as well as to protect important facilities and homeland defense in the territory where martial law is in effect.

Homeland defense
Homeland defense (HD) is the protection of a territory, sovereignty, domestic population, and critical infrastructure against external threats and aggression. (Definition will be incorporated into JP 3-26 upon its approval).

Homeland security (HS) is a concerted national effort to prevent terrorist attacks, reduce a nation's vulnerability to terrorism, and minimize the damage and recover from attacks that do occur.
Alberta Highway 663
Alberta Provincial Highway No. 663 is a highway in the province of Alberta, Canada. It runs west-east from Highway 44 near Fawcett, runs concurrent with Highway 2 and Highway 63 to Boyle. Then to a concurrency with Highway 55 (Northern Woods and Water Route) in Lac La Biche before extending north around Lakeland Provincial Park to Torchwood Lake. It is also known as Taylor Road in Boyle, and 88 Avenue in Lac La Biche.

Lakeland Provincial Park and Recreation Area
Lakeland Provincial Park and Lakeland Provincial Recreation Area are located east of Lac La Biche, Alberta, Canada, in Lac La Biche County.

The park contains numerous lakes, such as Kinnaird, Jackson, McGuffin, Dabbs, Shaw, and Blackett, as well as many other smaller waterbodies. The Lakeland Provincial Recreation Area contains Pinehurst Lake, Seibert, Touchwood and Ironwood Lakes.