hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Counterstain
A counterstain is a stain with colour contrasting to the principal stain, making the stained structure easily visible using a microscope.

Examples include the malachite green counterstain to the fuchsine stain in the Gimenez staining technique and the eosin counterstain to haematoxylin in the H&E stain. In Gram staining, crystal violet stains only Gram-positive bacteria, and safranin counterstain is applied which stains all cells, allowing the identification of Gram-negative bacteria as well. An alternative method uses dilute carbofluozide. Counterstains are sometimes used to separate animals from organic detritus in microbiology studies.

Fuchsine
Fuchsine (sometimes spelled fuchsin) or rosaniline hydrochloride is a magenta dye with chemical formula C20H19N3·HCl. There are other similar chemical formulations of products sold as fuchsine, and several dozen other synonyms of this molecule.

It becomes magenta when dissolved in water; as a solid, it forms dark green crystals. As well as dying textiles, fuchsine is used to stain bacteria and sometimes as a disinfectant. In the literature of biological stains the name of this dye is frequently misspelled, with omission of the terminal -e, which indicates an amine. American and English dictionaries (Webster's, Oxford, Chambers, etc.) give the correct spelling, which is also used in the literature of industrial dyeing. It is well established that production of fuchsine results in development of bladder cancers by production workers. Production of magenta is listed as a circumstance known to result in cancer.
Thomas Edwin Kitchen
Thomas Edwin Kitchen (December 18, 1852 – April 5, 1897) was an English-born farmer and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Westminster from 1890 to 1894 and Westminster-Chilliwhack from 1894 to 1897 in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia.

He was born near Lakeside, Lancashire, the son of Thomas Kitchen, and was educated at Wimbledon, Surrey. He came to the Fraser Valley during the 1880s. In 1882, Kitchen married Margaret C. Skovgaard. He served as reeve of Chilliwack. Kitchen died in office in Chilliwack at the age of 44 after an extended illness.

Chilliwack
Chilliwack (/ˈtʃɪləwæk/ CHIL-ə-wak) is a city with a population of about 100,000 people and an area of 261 square kilometres (101 sq mi) in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) east of the City of Vancouver in the Fraser Valley. The enumerated population is 93,203 in the city and 113,767 in the greater metropolitan area.

About two-thirds of city land is protected as part of the Agricultural Land Reserve, and agriculture accounts for about 30 percent of the local economy. The city is bounded on the north side by the Fraser River, and on the south side by the Vedder River and Canada–United States border, and is surrounded by tall mountain peaks, such as Mount Cheam and Slesse Mountain.
Frak!
Frak! is a scrolling platformer video game programmed by Nick Pelling for the BBC Micro and Acorn Electron and published by his own Aardvark Software in 1984. It was ported to the Commodore 64 the following year by "The B Team" (Jason Perkins, Anthony Clarke, and Mark Rodgers). The BBC and Electron versions were included on the Superior Software compilation Play It Again Sam 4 in 1987 and re-issued in budget form by Alternative Software in 1989.

Superior Interactive
Superior Interactive (formerly known as Superior Software Ltd) is a video game publisher. It was one of the main publishers for the BBC Micro and Acorn Electron computers in the 1980s and early 1990s, and occasionally published software to the Commodore 64, Amiga, ZX Spectrum and Amstrad CPC. It currently releases games for Microsoft Windows, iOS and Android, mostly updates of its original games.
Cora Brown
Cora Mae Brown (April 19, 1914 – December 17, 1972) was the first African-American woman elected (rather than appointed) to a state senate in the United States. She won her seat in the Michigan Senate in 1952. Brown was a Democrat who represented Detroit.

Michigan Senate
The Michigan Senate is the upper house of the Michigan Legislature. Along with the Michigan House of Representatives, it composes the state legislature, which has powers, roles and duties defined by Article IV of the Michigan Constitution, adopted in 1963. The primary purpose of the Legislature is to enact new laws and amend or repeal existing laws.

The Michigan Senate is composed of 38 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of between approximately 212,400 to 263,500 residents. Legislative districts are drawn on the basis of population figures, provided by the federal decennial census. In January 2023, Democrats took the majority with 20 seats to Republicans' 18 seats. The Senate chamber is located in the State Capitol building.
SS N. Y. U. Victory
SS N. Y. U. Victory was a Type C2 Victory ship-based VC2-S-AP2 troop transport built for the U.S. Army Transportation Corps late in World War II.  Launched in May 1945, it saw service in the European Theater of Operations in the immediate post-war period repatriating U.S. troops.

After being laid up in the U.S., SS N. Y. U. Victory was purchased by Argentinian shipping line Empresa Líneas Marítimas Argentinas and renamed Cordoba. She was scrapped at Campana in March 1972.

Transportation Corps
The Transportation Corps is a combat service support branch of the U.S. Army.  It is responsible for the movement of personnel and material by truck, rail, air, and sea.  It is one of three U.S. Army logistics branches, the others being the Quartermaster Corps and the Ordnance Corps. The Corps was established in its current form on 31 July 1942, with predecessor services dating back to the American Civil War. The Transportation Corps is currently headquartered at Fort Lee, Virginia. The officer in charge of the branch for doctrine, training, and professional development purposes is the Chief of Transportation (CoT) and Commandant of the US Army Transportation School, currently held by BG Beth A. Behn. The Corps's motto is "Nothing Happens Until Something Moves".
Emily Afton
Emily Afton (born January 26, 1985) is an American singer and actress known for her roles in the Original Broadway Cast of Amélie, Broadway and National Tour casts of Hair, and National Tour of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert. In 2015, she played Pattie in the STAGES St. Louis production of Smokey Joe's Cafe. In 2017, she performed with the Broadway’s Future Songbook Series featuring the work of Michael Finke.

She performs as lead female vocalist for the bands Saved by the 90s and The Little Mermen.

Smokey Joe's Cafe (revue)
Smokey Joe's Cafe is a musical revue showcasing 39 pop standards, including rock and roll and rhythm and blues songs written by songwriters Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller. The Original Broadway cast recording, Smokey Joe's Cafe: The Songs of Leiber and Stoller, won a Grammy Award in 1997.

After a Los Angeles tryout, the revue opened on Broadway in 1995, running for 2,036 performances, making it the longest-running musical revue in Broadway history. It also had a London run in 2021.
Monika Bakale
Clara Monika Bakale (born 15 May 1979) is a 3-time Olympic swimmer from the Republic of the Congo. Bakale represented the Congo at the 1996, 2000 and  2004 Olympics.

She is the sister of fellow swimmer Rony Bakale.

She is a welding engineer working for TOTAL E& P

Swimming at the 1996 Summer Olympics
The swimming competition at the 1996 Summer Olympics was held at the Georgia Tech Aquatic Center in Atlanta, United States. There were 762 competitors from 117 countries. This was the last Olympics where swimming B-finals were held.

At the time of the games, the facility had a temporary 50 m warm-up pool located behind the locker rooms and entry concourse (on the ground); as well as a temporary roof, and open walls (there were wall-like structures/curtains at the diving well and turning end of the pool). The open walls allowed for temporary seating to be in place during the games. A wall and new roof have since been placed on the facility.

A total of 4 world records and 13 Olympic records were set during the competition

The women's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay made its debut at these Games.
Peter Delanoy
Peter Delanoy, who served from 1689 to 1691, was the first and only directly elected Mayor of New York City until 1834. Appointed mayors resumed in the wake of Leisler's Rebellion. He was succeeded by former Mayor John Lawrence.

Leisler's Rebellion
Leisler's Rebellion was an uprising in late-17th century colonial New York in which German American merchant and militia captain Jacob Leisler seized control of the southern portion of the colony and ruled it from 1689 to 1691. The uprising took place in the aftermath of England's Glorious Revolution and the 1689 Boston revolt in the Dominion of New England, which had included New York. The rebellion reflected colonial resentment against the policies of the deposed King James II.

Royal authority was not restored until 1691, when English troops and a new governor were sent to New York. Leisler was arrested by these forces, who tried and convicted him of treason. He was executed, with the revolt leaving the colony polarized, bitterly split into two rival factions, pro-Leislerites, who regarded him as a martyr, and who aligned generally with the British Whig party, and antis, who aligned generally with the British Tories.
Dhaulakot
Dhaulakot is a village development committee in Darchula District in the Mahakali Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2094 people living in 337 individual households.

Dhaulakot is 13 kilometers from district headquarters in Khalaga. There are nine wards in the VDC. Main villages of Dhoulakot VDC are Dokat, Naji, Shyaku, Chukpani, Tigram, and Chandakot.

The village of Dhaulakot has temples to the Hindu gods Durga, Mahadev (shiva), Brahma, Bhumiraj (Visnu) and Devi, Hosker, and Patauja. Famous temples and Jattra are Durgamandau, mahadevmandau, Hoskermandau, and Brahmandau. The famous jattra is jageni. Other temples named Harichnd Devta, shrichand devata, mangade bubu, and Ritghade Bubu are also situated at Dhaulakot VDC.

Mahakali Zone
Mahakali (Nepali: महाकाली अञ्चल Listenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones located in the Far-Western Development Region of Nepal, covering an area of 7449.28 km2 in the westernmost part of the country. It stretches along Nepal's far western border with India, marked by the Kali River or Mahakali River.

In 2015 Nepal discontinued use of zone designations in favor of provinces. The zone formerly known as Mahakali is now part of Sudurpashchim Province.

Mahakali's headquarters is Bhimdatta (formerly called Mahendranagar) in Kanchanpur District. The zone covers the Himalayan range including Api Peak in the North, Hill valleys, Inner Terai valleys such as Patan Municipality in Baitadi District in the center and the outer Terai in the South. The name of this zone is derived from the Kali River.
Arrondissement of Figeac
The arrondissement of Figeac is an arrondissement of France in the Lot department in the Occitanie region. It has 118 communes. Its population is 54,750 (2021), and its area is 1,593.3 km2 (615.2 sq mi).

Lot (department)
Lot (French pronunciation: [lɔt]; Occitan: Òlt [ɔl]) is a department in the Occitanie region of France. Named after the Lot River, it lies in the southwestern part of the country and had a population of 174,094 in 2019. Its prefecture is Cahors; its subprefectures are Figeac and Gourdon.
Equestrian events at the 1924 Summer Olympics
The equestrian events at the 1924 Paris Olympics included eventing (individual and team medals), show jumping (individual and team medals) and dressage (individual medals). Vaulting was not included this year. The competitions were held from 21 to 27 July 1924. 17 nations fielded teams: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, USA, and Yugoslavia, with Germany not being invited. Of those 17 countries, only 5 fielded teams in all 3 disciplines: France, Sweden, Belgium, Switzerland and Czechoslovakia. A total of 97 entries and 126 horses competed. Horses in both the jumping and eventing competitions were required to carry at least 75 kilograms (165 lb).

Show jumping
Show jumping is a part of a group of English riding equestrian events that also includes eventing, hunters, and equitation. Jumping classes are commonly seen at horse shows throughout the world, including the Olympics. Sometimes shows are limited exclusively to jumpers. Sometimes jumper classes are offered in conjunction with other English-style events. Sometimes, show jumping is but one division of a very large, all-breed competition that includes a very wide variety of disciplines. Jumping classes may be governed by various national horse show sanctioning organizations, such as the United States Equestrian Federation or the British Showjumping Association.  International competitions are governed by the rules of the International Federation for Equestrian Sports.
Amos C. Noyes
Amos Clark Noyes (September 17, 1818 – September 4, 1880) was an American politician and business owner. Born in Grafton County, New Hampshire, he later moved to Pennsylvania, where he served on the Pennsylvania House of Representatives and as Pennsylvania Treasurer (1877–1880).

Treasurer of Pennsylvania
The treasurer of Pennsylvania is the head of the Pennsylvania Treasury Department, an independent department of the commonwealth's government. The treasurer is elected every four years. The current treasurer is Republican Stacy Garrity.
Novohryhorivka, Alchevsk Raion, Luhansk Oblast
Novohryhorivka (Ukrainian: Новогригорівка; Russian: Новогригоровка) is a village in Zymohiria urban hromada, Alchevsk Raion (district), Luhansk Oblast (region), Ukraine, at about 32.04 kilometres (19.91 mi) west-northwest (WNW) from the centre of Luhansk city.

The settlement was taken under control of pro-Russian forces during the War in Donbass, that started in 2014.

Luhansk
Luhansk (UK: /luːˈhænsk/, US: /-ˈhɑːn-/; Ukrainian: Луганськ, IPA: [lʊˈɦɑnʲsʲk] ⓘ), also known as Lugansk (UK: /-ˈɡæn-/, US: /-ˈɡɑːn-/; Russian: Луганск, IPA: [lʊˈɡansk] ⓘ), is a city in the Donbas in eastern Ukraine. As of 2022, the population was estimated to be 397,677 (2022 estimate), making Luhansk the 12th-largest city in Ukraine.

Luhansk served as the administrative center of Luhansk Oblast, before pro-Russian separatists seized control of the city in 2014 and made it the capital of the self-proclaimed Luhansk People's Republic. The Ukrainian administration was located in Sievierodonetsk from 2014 to 2022 during the war in Donbas, due to Ukraine not being in control of Luhansk. Sievierodonetsk was captured by Russia in 2022 and Luhansk Oblast was later annexed by Russia in late 2022.
EDSAC 2
EDSAC 2 was an early vacuum tube computer (operational in 1958), the successor to the Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC). It was the first computer to have a microprogrammed control unit and a bit-slice hardware architecture.

First calculations were performed on the incomplete machine in 1957. Calculations about elliptic curves performed on EDSAC-2 in the early 1960s led to the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, a Millennium Prize Problem, unsolved as of 2025. And in 1963, Frederick Vine and Drummond Matthews used EDSAC 2 to generate a magnetic anomaly map of the seafloor from data collected in the Indian Ocean by H.M.S. Owen, key evidence that helped support the theory of plate tectonics. EDSAC-2 was decommissioned in 1965, having been superseded by the Titan computer.

Frederick Vine
Frederick John Vine FRS (17 June 1939 – 21 June 2024) was an English marine geologist and geophysicist. He made key contributions to the theory of plate tectonics, helping to show that the seafloor spreads from mid-ocean ridges with a symmetrical pattern of magnetic reversals in the basalt rocks on either side.
Justin Massicault
Justin Théophile Athanase Massicault (September 14, 1838 – November 5, 1892) was a French journalist and government official.

Born in Ourouer-les-Bourdelins (Cher), Massicault was the child of two teachers and was at first a teacher himself, but then became a journalist at the daily Le Progrès in Lyon. In 1862 he joined the staff of La Gironde, a Bordeaux daily, where he eventually became editor.

Appointed prefect of the Haute-Vienne on October 25 of 1870, he resigned on February 6, 1871. He later founded several newspapers successively: L'Indépendance in Bordeaux, La Charente in Angouleme, and La Vienne in Poitiers.

He was appointed Prefect of the Rhône in 1882, and as resident-general in Tunisia on November 22 of 1886 till his death at Tunis on November 5 of 1892.

Haute-Vienne
Haute-Vienne (French: [ot vjɛn]; Occitan: Nauta Vinhana or Nauta Viena), also translated as Upper Vienne, is a department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in southwest-central France. Named after the Vienne River, it is one of the twelve départements that together constitute Nouvelle-Aquitaine. The prefecture and largest city in the department is Limoges, the other towns in the department each having fewer than twenty thousand inhabitants. Haute-Vienne had a population of 372,359 in 2019.
William Asquith
William "Nat" Asquith was a rugby league footballer who played for Castleford from September 1926. He introduced Arthur Atkinson to the sport when he suggested as they were going home from work at a coal pit that they should detour to watch Castleford training at their old ground. When Castleford became a professional club for the 1926–27 season, Asquith made his debut in their 4 September 1926 defeat by Hunslet. A newspaper report of 1929 commented that he and Atkinson were "usually a strong confederacy on the Castleford right wing" while Robin Adair wrote a year later in the Hull Daily Mail that he thought Asquith was "destined for higher honours".

Asquith was hospitalised after the match against Featherstone Rovers on 25 December 1930, when he suffered a ruptured spleen. He did not play again, nor had he been able to work at the time when his club arranged a benefit match for him against Halifax in April 1934.

Hull Daily Mail
The Hull Daily Mail is an English regional daily newspaper for Kingston upon Hull, in the East Riding of Yorkshire. The Hull Daily Mail has been circulated in various guises since 1885. A second edition, the East Riding Mail, covers East Yorkshire outside the city of Hull. The paper publishes everyday except Sunday.

The paper is published by Mail News & Media. Mail News & Media also publishes two free weekly newspapers, the Hull Advertiser and Beverley Advertiser, and a monthly magazine, The Journal. In 2012, Local World acquired owner Northcliffe Media from Daily Mail and General Trust. Trinity Mirror purchased Local World in 2015, and is now known as Reach plc.
LGBTQ rights in Alabama
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals in the U.S. state of Alabama have federal protections, but still face legal challenges and discrimination on the state level that are not experienced by non-LGBTQ residents. LGBTQ rights in Alabama—a Republican Party stronghold located in both the Deep South and greater Bible Belt—are severely limited in comparison to other states. As one of the most socially conservative states in the U.S., Alabama is one of the only two states along with neighboring Mississippi where recent opinion polls show that opposition to same-sex marriage outnumbers support. Same-sex sexual activity in Alabama was legalized in accordance with the 2003 Lawrence v. Texas decision. The state's sodomy ban was subsequently repealed in 2019; making it the first and only state on the gulf coast to codify same-sex sexual activity into state law.

Alabama House of Representatives
The Alabama House of Representatives is the lower house of the Alabama Legislature, the state legislature of state of Alabama. The House is composed of 105 members representing an equal number of districts, with each constituency containing at least 42,380 citizens. There are no term limits in the House. The House is also one of the five lower houses of state legislatures in the United States that is elected every four years. Other lower houses, including the United States House of Representatives, are elected for a two-year term.

The House meets at the Alabama State House in Montgomery. The speaker of the Alabama House of Representatives is its leader.
Arthur Hewes House
The Arthur Hewes House, at 811 St. Joe in Spearfish, South Dakota, was built in 1905.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

It is a two-and-a-half-story wood-frame house on a stone foundation.  It was deemed notable as "a good example of the Queen Anne style of architecture as popular in Spearfish, South Dakota, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries."

Arthur Hewes operated a general store in Spearfish from 1903 to 1921 or later.

Spearfish, South Dakota
Spearfish (Lakota: Hočhápȟe) is a city in Lawrence County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 12,193 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 13,803 in 2024, making it the 10th most populous city in South Dakota. Spearfish is the largest city in Lawrence County and the home of Black Hills State University.
Cuisine of Pará
Pará cuisine refers to the traditional cuisine native to Pará, Brazil. Foods from this region primarily draw influence from Indian, African, and Portuguese cultures. The core ingredients are sourced from the Amazon jungle, and may include meats such as shrimp, crab, seafood, fish, poultry, bush meat, and duck. These meats are traditionally cooked with leaves (such as maniva, chicory, and coriander), peppers, and herbs. Dishes are cooked in clay pots or barbecued wrapped in leaves and roasted soaked in tucupi, a yellow sauce extracted from wild manioc root native to the Amazon. Dishes may be served in bowls, in containers of clay, wrapped in banana leaves, or in vegetable fiber sifters called urupemas.

Chicory
Common chicory (Cichorium intybus) is a somewhat woody, perennial herbaceous plant of the family Asteraceae, usually with bright blue flowers, rarely white or pink. Native to the Old World, it has been introduced to the Americas and Australia.

Many varieties are cultivated for salad leaves, chicons (blanched buds), or roots (var. sativum), which are baked, ground, and used as a coffee substitute and food additive. In the 21st century, inulin, an extract from chicory root, has been used in food manufacturing as a sweetener and source of dietary fiber. Chicory is also grown as a forage crop for livestock.
Aspen (Botkyrka Municipality)
Aspen is a lake in Botkyrka Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden. The lake is crossed by the European route E4/European route E20 and is located about 20 kilometres southwest of Stockholm, the Swedish capital. It has an area of 1 km2.

During the Stone Age, Aspen was in the ocean, but was uplifted by the time of the Bronze Age. Bronze Age settlements grew up around the lake and for some thousand years Iron Age farms were around the lake. The area developed during this period. A graveyard from that period is preserved in the area.

Skrävsta Ekholmen nature reserve is in the vicinity of the lake with about sixty large oak trees, half of which are centuries old. There are large bats and many other rare animal and plant species. Around the lake is a nature trail at 7½ km length. The path leads through the woods, high above the marsh.

European route E20
European route E20 is a part of the United Nations International E-road network. It runs roughly west–east from Shannon Airport, Ireland to Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Its length is 1,880 km (1,170 mi) but it is not continuous; at three points, a sea crossing is required. Roll-on/roll-off ferries make the crossings between Dublin and Liverpool as well as between Stockholm and Tallinn. No publicly accessible ferries traverse the North Sea from Kingston-upon-Hull to Esbjerg (as of 2019), but a ferry for commercial drivers runs between Immingham and Esbjerg on most days.