hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alamin Mohammed Seid
Alamin Mohammed Seid (Arabic: الأمين محمد سيد; 1946 or 1947 – 15 November 2021) was an Eritrean politician.

He was born in Massawa, Eritrea.

Alamin was involved in the Eritrean War of Independence since 1964 when he joined the Eritrean Liberation Front. He later joined what would become the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) in 1970. During the War of Independence he was the head of the EPLF's foreign relations department.

Alamin also served briefly as the Minister of Information and Culture. He and Isaias Afewerki were the only two members of the EPLF Executive Committee to be part of the People's Front for Democracy and Justice's Executive Council at the Third Congress. At this Congress he was elected to the Secretary position, where he served.

Massawa
Massawa or Mitsiwa (/məˈsɑːwə/ mə-SAH-wə) is a port city in the Northern Red Sea region of Eritrea, located on the Red Sea at the northern end of the Gulf of Zula beside the Dahlak Archipelago. It has been a historically important port for many centuries. Massawa has been ruled or occupied by a succession of polities during its history, including the Dahlak Sultanate, the Ottoman Empire, the Khedivate of Egypt and the Kingdom of Italy.

Massawa was the capital of the Italian Colony of Eritrea until the seat of the colonial government was moved to Asmara in 1897.

Massawa has an average temperature of nearly 30 °C (86.0 °F), which is one of the highest experienced in the world, and is "one of the hottest marine coastal areas in the world."
Phoenix Hill Tavern
The Phoenix Hill Tavern was a live music venue located in Phoenix Hill, Louisville, Kentucky. It won LEO Weekly's "Best of Louisville" award for eight consecutive years. Opened in 1976, the club closed in 2015, and was demolished in 2017. The tavern began as one room in a rundown warehouse, eventually expanding to 25,000-square-foot facility. In the 1980s, WLRS-FM would arrange special Christmas season broadcasts for its Bridge the Gap drive for the needy. Phoenix Hill Tavern hosted famous artists from many different genres, including Meat Loaf, Miley Cyrus, Blues Traveler, Foghat, Tori Amos, Kansas, Blue Öyster Cult, the Jesus Lizard and the Kelley Deal 6000.

Foghat
Foghat are an English rock band formed in London in 1971. The band are known for the use of electric slide guitar in their music. Their best known song is the 1975 hit "Slow Ride". The band have released 17 studio albums, including eight gold albums and one platinum, along with one double platinum live album. Despite several line-up changes, the band continue to record and perform.
Billy Dunn (footballer, born 1920)
William Clayton Dunn (25 March 1920 – 21 December 1982) was an English footballer who made 340 appearances in the Football League playing as a goalkeeper for Darlington.

Dunn was born in Hebburn, County Durham, in 1920, and served in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. He joined Darlington as a centre half, but was tried in goal in October 1945, "played with confidence and skill", and remained with the club for a further ten years, making 355 appearances in league and cup. In recognition of his long service, Dunn was awarded a benefit match, against Leeds United in May 1956, before he moved into non-league football with North Shields. He died in 1982 in Jarrow at the age of 62.

Benefit (sports)
A benefit is a match or season of activities granted by a sporting body to a loyal sportsman to boost their income before retirement. Often this is in the form of a match for which all the ticket proceeds are given to the player in question. However hosting one of these matches is a risk for the player in question as they are responsible for paying any relevant receipts and collects any excess income from the match, therefore income from such matches is more often than not reliant on attendance.

Sometimes, the "beneficiary" can opt to give part or all of the money to charity. An example of this is Paul Collingwood's 2007 benefit with Durham County Cricket Club. This may also occur when sportsmen unite for a cause, for example the Rafael Nadal vs Roger Federer "Match for Africa" (2010) where more than $2.6 million was raised for the Roger Federer Foundation, enabling children living in poverty to realise their potential.
Tiia-Ester Loitme
Tiia-Ester Loitme (born 19 December 1933 in Tallinn) is an Estonian conductor.

From 1944 to 1949 she studied piano at a local music school (part of the Tallinn State Conservatory). In 1949 she and her family were deported to Siberia. In 1956 she returned to Estonia. In 1965 she graduated from the Tallinn State Conservatory in choir conducting.

From 1965 to 1975 and again from 1987 to 2006 she worked as a music teacher and choir conductor at Tallinn English College.

Since 1970 she has been the conductor of the Ellerhein girls' choir.

Tallinn English College
Tallinn English College (Estonian: Tallinna Inglise Kolledž) is a coeducational general education school in Tallinn, Estonia with in-depth education in English. It has elementary, middle, and senior levels with students 7 to 18 years old.
3x3 basketball at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games
3 on 3 basketball was a demonstration sport at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games was held in Macau, China on 3 November 2007. The competition was the first major test of FIBA 3x3, a formalized version of the basketball variant developed earlier that year by the sport's international governing body, FIBA.

2007 Asian Indoor Games
The 2007 Asian Indoor Games (Chinese: 2007年亞洲室內運動會; Portuguese: Jogos Asiáticos em Recinto Coberto de 2007), officially known as the 2nd Asian Indoor Games and also known as Macau 2007, were held in Macau, China from 26 October 2007 to 3 November 2007. Most events of the games took place at the Macao East Asian Games Dome.

The Emblem of the 2nd Asian Indoor Games gives an overall impression of the sun shining above the covered gymnasium.
Stefano Ronchetti-Monteviti
Stefano Ronchetti-Monteviti (1814–1882) was an Italian composer, music educator, and college administrator. Born in Asti, he joined the faculty of the Milan Conservatory in 1850 as a professor of counterpoint. He was appointed the school's director in 1878, a post he held until illness forced him to resign in November 1881. He died the following year in Casale Monferrato. His notable pupils included Franco Faccio, Giacomo Puccini, and Ivan Zajc. His compositional output mainly consists of sacred music. His opera Pergolese premiered at La Scala on 16 March 1857. It used a libretto by Temistocle Solera and starred soprano Maria Spezia-Aldighieri.

Asti
Asti (UK: /ˈæsti/ AST-ee, US: /ˈɑːsti/ AH-stee; Italian: [ˈasti] ⓘ; Piedmontese: Ast [ˈɑst]) is a comune (municipality) of 74,348 inhabitants (1–1–2021) located in the Italian region of Piedmont, about 55 kilometres (34 miles) east of Turin, in the plain of the Tanaro River. It is the capital of the province of Asti and it is deemed to be the modern capital of Montferrat.
Malender Rajan
Malender Rajan (born 1973) is an Indian politician from Himachal Pradesh. He is an MLA from Indora Assembly constituency, which is reserved for Scheduled Caste community, in Kangra District. He won the 2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election representing the Indian National Congress.

2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections were held in Himachal Pradesh on 12 November 2022 to elect 68 members of the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly. The votes were counted and the results were declared on 8 December 2022.

The result was a victory for the Indian National Congress, which returned to power after losing their majority in 2017, continuing a pattern of the incumbent party losing reelection in Himachal Pradesh since 1985. Although the popular vote total differed by less than one percentage point, the BJP managed to win only 25 seats.

Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu became the Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh whereas Mukesh Agnihotri became Deputy Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh.
Dagrocorat
Dagrocorat (developmental code names PF-00251802, PF-251802) is a nonsteroidal but steroid-like selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator (SGRM) which was under development for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis but was never marketed. It is described as a partial agonist and "dissociable" agonist of the glucocorticoid receptor. The drug reached phase I clinical trials prior to the discontinuation of its development. The C2α dihydrogen phosphate ester of dagrocorat, fosdagrocorat, was also under investigation, but its development was terminated as well.

Phases of clinical research
The phases of clinical research are the stages in which scientists conduct experiments with a health intervention to obtain sufficient evidence for a process considered effective as a medical treatment. For drug development, the clinical phases start with testing for drug safety in a few human subjects, then expand to many study participants (potentially tens of thousands) to determine if the treatment is effective. Clinical research is conducted on drug candidates, vaccine candidates, new medical devices, and new diagnostic assays.
Faten Hammami
Faten Hammami is a Tunisian freestyle wrestler. She represented Tunisia at the 2019 African Games held in Rabat, Morocco and she won the bronze medal in the 53 kg event.

In 2019, she also won the gold medal in the 55 kg event at the African Wrestling Championships held in Hammamet, Tunisia.

She won the silver medal in her event at the 2022 African Wrestling Championships held in El Jadida, Morocco.

2019 African Games
The 12th African Games (Arabic: الألعاب الإفريقية الثانية عشرة), also known as Rabat 2019 (Arabic: الرباط 2019), were held from 19 to 31 August 2019 in Rabat, Morocco. This was the first time that the African Games were hosted by Morocco following the country's readmission to the African Union in January 2017.

Later five Egyptian athletes (Abderrahmane Al Sayed, Ibrahim Moustafa, Samar Hossein, Sara Ahmed Samir, Farag Salma) were disqualified due to anti-doping violations.
George Smith (referee)
George Smith (14 October 1943 – 13 May 2019) was a Scottish football referee. He is best known for refereeing at the 1990 FIFA World Cup in Italy, where he officiated the game between Austria and Czechoslovakia, handing out seven yellow cards in what was a rough game.

Smith took charge of the 1980 (Celtic v Rangers), 1988 (Celtic v Dundee United) and 1990 (Aberdeen v Celtic) Scottish Cup finals. He also took charge of the 1988 (Aberdeen v Rangers) and 1989 (Aberdeen v Rangers) Scottish League Cup finals.

Smith died on 13 May 2019, aged 75.

1988 Scottish League Cup final
The 1988 Scottish League Cup final was played on 23 October 1988 at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the 43rd Scottish League Cup (Skol Cup). The final was contested by Aberdeen and Rangers and was the second of three consecutive finals between the two clubs.

Rangers won the match 3–2 thanks to goals from Ally McCoist and Ian Ferguson.
St. Vith: The Sixth Panzer Army Attack
St. Vith: The Sixth Panzer Army Attack is a board wargame published by Simulations Publications Inc. (SPI) in 1978 that was a part of the Battles for the Ardennes "quadrigame" (four thematically-linked games in one box using the same rules system). St. Vith simulates a section of the German surprise attack during the Battle of the Bulge.

Simulations Publications, Inc.
Simulations Publications, Inc. (SPI) was an American publisher of board wargames and related magazines, particularly its flagship Strategy & Tactics, in the 1970s and early 1980s. It produced an enormous number of games and introduced innovative practices, changing the course of the wargaming hobby in its bid to take control of the hobby away from then-dominant Avalon Hill. SPI ran out of cash in early 1982 when TSR called in a loan secured by SPI's assets. TSR began selling SPI's inventory in 1982, but later acquired the company's trademarks and copyrights in 1983 and continued a form of the operation until 1987.
Hercynite
Hercynite is a spinel mineral with the formula FeAl2O4.

It occurs in high-grade metamorphosed iron-rich argillaceous (clay-containing) sediments as well as in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks. Due to its hardness it also is found in placers.

It was first described in 1847 and its name originates from the Latin name for the Harz, Silva Hercynia, where the species was first found.

Hercynite is a spinel of regular symmetry and normal cation distribution, but some disorder occurs in its structure. It consists of ferrous (Fe2+) ions and aluminium ions (Al3+); however some ferric ions (Fe3+) may be located in the structure of hercynite.

Melting point of this mineral is between 1,692–1,767 °C (3,078–3,213 °F).

Melting point
The melting point (or, rarely, liquefaction point) of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium. The melting point of a substance depends on pressure and is usually specified at a standard pressure such as 1 atmosphere or 100 kPa.

When considered as the temperature of the reverse change from liquid to solid, it is referred to as the freezing point or crystallization point. Because of the ability of substances to supercool, the freezing point can easily appear to be below its actual value. When the "characteristic freezing point" of a substance is determined, in fact, the actual methodology is almost always "the principle of observing the disappearance rather than the formation of ice, that is, the melting point."
Yuğarı Subaş
Yuğarı Subaş (Tatar: Югары Субаш, romanized: Yuğarı Subaş) is a rural locality (a selo) in Baltaç District, Tatarstan. The population was 414 as of 2010.
Yuğarı Subaş is located 25 km from Baltaç, district's administrative centre, and 129 km from Ԛazаn, republic's capital, by road.
The village was established in 17th century.
There are 9 streets in the village.

Baltasi
Baltasi (Russian: Балтаси́; Tatar: Балтач) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Baltasinsky District in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located on the Shoshma River (right tributary of the Vyatka), 106 kilometers (66 mi) from the republic's capital of Kazan. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 7,711.
Yousra Saouf
Yousra Saouf (Arabic: يسرا سعوف; born 29 April 1992) is a Moroccan singer who rose to fame in the Arab world at the age of 20 following her participation in the second season of Arab Idol, broadcast on MBC. She was acclaimed by the jury and the public, her voice being linked to the Egyptian diva Najat Essaghira. She was ranked ninth in the competition.

MBC Group
MBC Group is a Saudi media conglomerate and the leading media group in the Middle East and North Africa, widely described as the region’s largest broadcaster. It was launched in 1991 by Saudi businessman Waleed bin Ibrahim, who serves as its chairman. The group is majority owned by the State Public Investment Fund.
Marksa
Marksa is a village in Pärnu municipality, Pärnu County, in southwestern Estonia, on the coast of Pärnu Bay (part of the Gulf of Riga). It has a population of 93 (as of 1 January 2011). Prior to the 2017 administrative reform of local governments, it was located in Audru Parish.

Lindi Nature Reserve with Lindi bog is located just northwest of Marksa, in Kõpu.

Gulf of Riga
The Gulf of Riga, also known as the Bay of Riga or the Gulf of Livonia, is a bay of the Baltic Sea between Latvia and Estonia.

The island of Saaremaa (Estonia) partially separates it from the rest of the Baltic Sea. The main connection between the gulf and the Baltic Sea is the Irbe Strait.

The Gulf of Riga, as a sub-basin of the Baltic, also includes the Väinameri Sea in the West Estonian archipelago.
Kenner (surname)
Kenner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Chris Kenner, R&B singer/songwriter popular in the early 1960s

Duncan F. Kenner, advocate for the Confederate States of America in the 1860s

George Kenner, (1888-1971), German artist, made 110 paintings and drawings during the First World War while interned as a POW

Hugh Kenner, Canadian literary scholar and author

Kevin Kenner, American concert pianist

William Kenner (1774–1824), Louisiana businessman and father of Duncan F. Kenner

Duncan F. Kenner
Duncan Farrar Kenner (February 11, 1813 – July 3, 1887) was an American politician who served as a Deputy from Louisiana to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1862. In 1864, he served as the chief diplomat from the Confederate States of America to Europe.
Paris by Night 92
Paris By Night 92: Nhạc Yêu Cầu (Music Requests) was filmed on May 10, 2008 and May 11, 2008 at Knott's Berry Farm, California, United States. In an attempt to make the programs more diverse, Thúy Nga had encouraged the fans to send in their requests in the format of video clips. The requested songs can be done by an individual or a group of people.

Vietnamese–Belgian singer Quynh Anh made a special appearance singing her signature song "Hello Vietnam" in the show.

In April 2009, Thúy Nga will be filming Paris By Night 96: Nhac Yeu Cau 2.  This is the direct continuation to Paris By Night 92.  The procedure of requesting the songs is similar, except the audience can now send their requests in two methods: letters or video clips.

Minh Tuyết
Trần Thị Minh Tuyết (born October 15, 1976, in Ho Chi Minh City) better known as Minh Tuyết, is a Vietnamese-American pop singer, currently performing on Thúy Nga's Paris by Night. Her sisters are Cẩm Ly and Hà Phương who perform with her as part of the cast of Paris By Night. She is known in the Vietnamese-American culture as the Vietnamese Pop Princess.
Werneria submontana
Werneria submontana is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to western Cameroon and is known from Mount Kupe and the Bakossi Mountains. It is found at elevations of 800 to 1,200 m (2,600 to 3,900 ft) above sea level, but there are tentative records from lower elevations, perhaps down to 300 m (980 ft). It has been found in association with rivers (under rocks in a partly dried-up river basin, and on stony ground among low vegetation in the spray zone of a small, artificial waterfall). The species can be locally abundant but is threatened by habitat loss. Parts of its range receive protection from the Bakossi Forest Reserve.

True toad
A true toad is any member of the family Bufonidae, in the order Anura (frogs and toads). This is the only family of anurans in which all members are known as toads, although some may be called frogs (such as harlequin frogs). The bufonids now comprise more than 35 genera, Bufo being the best known.
Buhr
Buhr is a surname.

Notable people with this surname include:

Arturo García Buhr, actor

Beverly Buhr, speed skater

Florence Buhr, politician

Gannon Buhr, professional disc golfer

George Buhr, football coach

Gérard Buhr, actor

Glenn Buhr, composer

Karina Buhr, singer

Liane Buhr, coxswain

Reba Buhr, voice actor

Florence Buhr
Florence D. Buhr (née Wederquist; April 7, 1933 – May 12, 2018) was an American politician in the state of Iowa. Buhr was born in Mills County, Iowa. She attended University of Northern Iowa and is a former teacher. A Democrat, she served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1983 to 1995 (85th district) Iowa Senate from 1995 to 2003 (43rd district 1991 to 1993 and 35th district from 1993 to 1995).

She died on May 12, 2018, in Johnston, Iowa at age 85.
R. Murugan
R. Murugan was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from Harur constituency in the 2016.

He was one of the 18 members who were disqualified by Speaker P. Dhanapal as they withdrew support to Chief Minister Edappadi K. Palaniswami and became loyal to rebel leader T.T.V. Dhinakaran and joined his party Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam.

Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam
The Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam (transl. Amma People Progressive Federation; abbr. AMMK) is an Indian regional political party in the state of Tamil Nadu. It is founded by the former member of parliament T. T. V. Dhinakaran at Melur on 15 March 2018 as a breakaway faction of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam after his expulsion from the party. The headquarters of the party is located at Karpagam Gardens, Adyar, Chennai.
Robert B. Redman
Robert Brittain Redman (September 6, 1908 – June 9, 1960) was an American football, basketball, and baseball player, coach, and educator. He served as the head football coach at Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania from 1947 to 1951, compiling a record of 38–4 and winning three Pennsylvania State Teachers College Conference titles (1948, 1949, and 1951). After leaving Bloomsburg, Redman coached football and baseball at East Orange High School in East Orange, New Jersey from 1952 to 1956. He served as the principal there from 1956 until 1960, when he was named superintendent of schools. Before assuming that role, Redman died of a heart attack at the age of 51 on June 9, 1960. Bloomsburg's home football stadium, Robert B. Redman Stadium, was named for the coach when it opened in 1974.

East Orange Campus High School
East Orange Campus High School is a comprehensive community public high school serving students in ninth through twelfth grades in the city of East Orange, in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, on the former campus of Upsala College. The school is part of the East Orange School District, classified as an Abbott District. The school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools since 1928.

As of the 2024–25 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,798 students and 101.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 17.8:1. There were 139 students (7.7% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 14 (0.8% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.
Senegalese Democratic Party
The Senegalese Democratic Party (French: Parti démocratique sénégalais) is a political party in Senegal.  The party considers itself a liberal party and is a member of the Liberal International. Abdoulaye Wade, who was President of Senegal from 2000 to 2012, is the party's leader. The PDS ruled together with smaller parties as part of the Sopi Coalition. Since Wade's defeat in the 2012 presidential election, the PDS has been the main opposition party.

Abdou Diouf
Abdou Diouf (US: /ˈɑːbduː diˈuːf/ ⓘ AHB-doo dee-OOF; Serer: Abdu Juuf; born 7 September 1935) is a Senegalese politician who was the second president of Senegal from 1981 to 2000.

Diouf is notable both for coming to power by peaceful succession and leaving willingly after losing the 2000 presidential election to long-time opposition-leader Abdoulaye Wade. He was also the second Secretary-General of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie from January 2003 to December 2014.
Shona Rubens
Shona Rubens (born 31 October 1986 in Sydney, Australia) is a Canadian alpine skier.

Rubens qualified to compete for Canada at the 2006 Winter Olympics after placing 18th in a World Cup downhill in St. Moritz, Switzerland.  
Her other career highlights including placing second in downhill at the 2004 Lake Louise Nor-Am Cup and placing fifth in the super-G at 2005 Canadian championships.

St. Moritz
St. Moritz is a high Alpine resort town in the Engadine in Switzerland, at an elevation of about 1,800 metres (5,910 ft) above sea level. It is Upper Engadine's major town and a municipality in the administrative region of Maloja in the Swiss canton of the Grisons.

St. Moritz lies on the southern slopes of the Albula Alps below the Piz Nair (3,056 m or 10,026 ft) overlooking the flat and wide glaciated valley of the Upper Engadine and Lake St. Moritz. It hosted the Winter Olympics in 1928 and 1948.