hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George Ayittey
George B. N. Ayittey (13 October 1945 – 28 January 2022) was a Ghanaian economist and author. He was president of the Free Africa Foundation in Washington, D.C., a professor at American University, and an associate scholar at the Foreign Policy Research Institute.

He championed the argument that "Africa is poor because she is not free," that the primary cause of African poverty is less a result of the oppression and mismanagement by colonial powers, but rather a result of modern oppressive native autocrats and socialist central planning policies. He also went beyond criticism of the status quo to advocate for specific ways to address the abuses of the past and present; specifically he called for democratic government, debt reexamination, modernized infrastructure, free market economics, and free trade to promote development.

Foreign Policy Research Institute
The Foreign Policy Research Institute (FPRI) is an American think tank based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, that conducts research on geopolitics, international relations, and international security in the various regions of the world and on ethnic conflict, U.S. national security, terrorism, and on think tanks themselves. It publishes a quarterly journal, Orbis, and a series of monographs, books, and electronic newsletters.
Cheating
Cheating generally describes various actions designed to subvert or disobey rules in order to obtain unfair advantages without being noticed. This includes acts of bribery, cronyism and nepotism in any situation where individuals are given preference using inappropriate criteria. The rules infringed may be explicit, or they may be from an unwritten code of conduct based on morality, ethics or custom, making the identification of cheating conduct a potentially subjective process. Cheating can refer specifically to infidelity, where arranged or consensual relationships, that often come with a social contract, are violated. Someone who is known for cheating is referred to as a cheat in British English, and a cheater in American English.

Cronyism
Cronyism is awarding positions, jobs, contracts, loans, privileges, or advantages to friends or colleagues. It is used especially in politics, when referring to partiality between politicians and businesses. A person who supports or partakes in cronyism is referred to as a crony, cronie, or cronyist.

Cronyism occurs when appointing "cronies" to positions of authority regardless of their qualifications. This is in contrast to a meritocracy, in which appointments are made based on merit. Politically, "cronyism" is derogatorily used to imply buying and selling favors, such as votes in legislative bodies, doing favors to organizations, or giving desirable ambassadorships to exotic places.
1987–88 Austrian Cup
The 1987–88 Austrian Cup (German: ÖFB-Cup) was the 54th season of Austria's nationwide football cup competition. The final was played over two legs, on 24 May 1988 at the Stadion, Krems and on 1 June 1988 at the Tivoli, Innsbruck.

The competition was won by Kremser SC after beating Swarovski Tirol on away goals rule after the tie finished 3–3 on aggregate.

Kremser SC
Kremser SC is an Austrian association football club located in Krems, Austria. Its first team plays in the Austrian Regionalliga East. The team's colors are white and black.

They last played at the country's highest level during the 1991–92 Austrian Football Bundesliga season.
Thomas Beach (politician)
Thomas Beach (born December 3, 1974) is an American real estate agent and politician who is currently serving as a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from the 10th district. He is a member of the Republican Party.

South Carolina House of Representatives
The South Carolina House of Representatives is the lower house of the South Carolina General Assembly. It consists of 124 representatives elected to two-year terms at the same time as U.S. congressional elections.

Unlike many legislatures, seating on the floor is not divided by party, but is arranged by county delegation – a legacy of the original apportionment of the chamber. Until 1964, each of South Carolina's counties was a legislative district, with the number of representatives determined by the county's population. It meets from the second week of January into May.
Archibald v. Braverman
Archibald v. Braverman, 275 Cal. App. 2d 253 (1969), was a case decided by the California Court of Appeals that first ruled that visual perception of an accident was not a necessary prerequisite to recovery for negligent infliction of emotional distress under the criteria enunciated in Dillon v. Legg.  The holding in Archibald was later overruled by the 1989 case Thing v. La Chusa.

Negligent infliction of emotional distress
The tort of negligent infliction of emotional distress (NIED) is a controversial cause of action, which is available in nearly all U.S. states but is severely constrained and limited in the majority of them.  The underlying concept is that one has a legal duty to use reasonable care to avoid causing emotional distress to another individual.  If one fails in this duty and unreasonably causes emotional distress to another person, that actor will be liable for monetary damages to the injured individual.  The tort is to be contrasted with intentional infliction of emotional distress in that there is no need to prove intent to inflict distress.  That is, an accidental infliction, if negligent, is sufficient to support a cause of action.
Alcanzar una estrella II
Alcanzar una estrella II (English title: To reach a star II) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Luis de Llano Macedo for Televisa in 1991. It is the sequel to Alcanzar una estrella.

Sasha Sokol, Ricky Martin, Angélica Rivera, Erik Rubín, Bibi Gaytan and Pedro Fernández starred as protagonists, while José Alonso, Silvia Pasquel and Eduardo Palomo starred as antagonists. Eduardo Capetillo and Mariana Garza starred as special participation.

Two soundtrack albums were released for the series in 1991: Muñecos de Papel with the start of the series and Alcanzar una estrella II as it ended.

Marisa de Lille
Marisa de Lille (born Marisa de Lille Buenfil April 15, 1966) is a Mexican singer and actress. She is the sister of fellow artist Luis de Lille. She is known for performing the songs for the Latin-American Spanish dubs of anime tv shows like Dragon Ball, Sailor Moon and Digimon.
C12orf50
Chromosome 12 Open Reading Frame 50 (C12orf50) is a protein-encoding gene which in humans encodes for the C12orf50 protein. The accession id for this gene is NM_152589. The location of C12orf50 is 12q21.32. It covers 55.42 kb, from 88429231 to 88373811 (NCBI 37, August 2010), on the reverse strand. Some of the neighboring genes to C12orf50 are RPS4XP15, LOC107984542, and C12orf29. RPS4XP15 is upstream C12orf50 and is on the same strand. LOC107984542 and C12orf29 are both downstream. LOC107984542 is on the opposite strand while C12orf29 is on the same strand. C12orf50 has six isoforms. This page is focusing on isoform X1. C12orf50 isoform X1 is 1711 nucleotides long and has a protein with a length of 414 aa.

C12orf29
C12orf29 is a protein that in humans is encoded by chromosome 12 open reading frame 29. The gene is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues. The protein has 325 amino acids. The biological process of C12orf29 has been annotated as hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation. The molecular and cellular functions of C12orf29 gene have not yet well understood by the scientific community.

Research suggested that C12orf29 is a potential structural protein in skeletal tissue with a role in the extracellular matrix of articular and growth cartilage. It has increased expression in osteosarcoma (OS) tumor cells and other tumor cells, and it could be a potential biomarker for detecting osteosarcoma.
Guangxi Sports Center
The Guangxi Sports Center (Chinese: 广西体育中心), (simplified Chinese: 广西省立体育场; traditional Chinese: 廣西省立體育場; pinyin: Guǎngxishěnglì Tǐyùchǎng), is a sports complex with a multi-purpose stadium knows as the Guangxi Stadium in Nanning, China.  It is used mostly for football matches. The stadium opened in 2010, costing 1 billion RMD, and holds 60,000 spectators. The stadium hosted all matches of the 2017 China Cup.

The complex also included a leaf-shaped indoor arena with a total capacity of 9,247. The gymnasium hosted 2014 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships and the 2019 Sudirman Cup.

2014 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 2014 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships was held in Nanning, China at the Guangxi Gymnasium from 3–12 October 2014. The competition was the fourth time a World Artistic Gymnastics Championships has been held in the continent of Asia.
Nissan MA engine
The Nissan MA engine is a straight-4 SOHC 0.9 L, 1.0 L, or 1.2 L engine introduced in 1982 by Nissan, intended primarily for the K10 series Micra/March model. It shares design elements with the older E engine, such as 8-valve hemispherical cylinder head, but differs in that it uses an aluminium cylinder block. Unusually, the specified ignition timing for the MA10 running on the specified 90 RON gasoline was 2 degrees after top dead centre, reflecting the high flame speed in the compact combustion chambers.

Intercooler
An intercooler is a heat exchanger used to cool a gas after compression. Often found in turbocharged engines, intercoolers are also used in air compressors, air conditioners, refrigeration and gas turbines.
If It Bleeds
If It Bleeds is a collection of four previously unpublished novellas by American writer Stephen King. The stories in the collection are titled "Mr. Harrigan's Phone", "The Life of Chuck", "If It Bleeds", and "Rat". It was released on April 28, 2020.

The audiobook is read by Will Patton, Danny Burstein, and Steven Weber.

Will Patton
William Rankin Patton (born June 14, 1954) is an American actor. He starred as Colonel Dan Weaver in the TNT science fiction series Falling Skies. He also appeared in the films The Client (1994), Armageddon (1998), Gone in 60 Seconds (2000), Remember the Titans (2000), The Punisher (2004), American Honey (2016), Halloween (2018), and Minari (2020). He appeared opposite Kevin Costner in four films: No Way Out (1987), The Postman (1997), and Horizon: An American Saga – Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 (both 2024), as well as having a guest role in seasons 3 and 4 of Costner's Paramount Network series Yellowstone (2020–2022). Patton played Deputy Marnes in season one of the 2023 TV series Silo.

Patton was nominated alongside castmates for his ensemble work in Minari and Yellowstone at the Screen Actors Guild Awards in 2020 and 2021, and won two Obie Awards for Best Actor in Sam Shepard's play Fool for Love and the Public Theater production of What Did He See?.
Schur
Schur is a German or Jewish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Schur (born 1971), German footballer

Dina Feitelson-Schur (1926–1992), Israeli educator

Friedrich Schur (1856-1932), German mathematician

Fritz Schur (born 1951), Danish businessman

Issai Schur (1875–1941), Lithuanian-German-Israeli mathematician

Max Schur (1897–1969), Austrian physician

Michael Schur (born 1975), American television producer and writer

Philipp Johann Ferdinand Schur (1799-1878), German-Austrian botanist

Täve Schur (born 1939), German cyclist

Täve Schur
Gustav-Adolf "Täve" Schur (born 23 February 1931) is a former East German cyclist. He was born in Heyrothsberge, Saxony. His sporting career began with SC DHfK Leipzig. He was the first German to win the amateur competition of the World Cycling Championships and the Peace Race. Between 1958 and 1990 Schur was a member of the Volkskammer, the East German parliament.
Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting) before the 19th century
Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting) represents formal changes and reforms regarding women's rights. That includes actual law reforms as well as other formal changes, such as reforms through new interpretations of laws by precedents. The right to vote is exempted from the timeline: for that right, see Timeline of women's suffrage. The timeline excludes ideological changes and events within feminism and antifeminism: for that, see Timeline of feminism.

Lex Oppia
The Lex Oppia was a law established in ancient Rome in 215 BC, at the height of the Second Punic War during the days of national catastrophe after the Battle of Cannae, and repealed in 195 BC.

Instituted by Marcus Oppius, a tribune of the plebs during the consulship of Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus and Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, the Lex Oppia was the first of a series of sumptuary laws, and it restricted not only a woman's wealth, but also her display of wealth.  Specifically, it forbade any woman to possess more than half an ounce of gold, to wear a multi-colored garment (particularly those trimmed in purple), or to ride in an animal-drawn vehicle in the city or any town or within a mile thereof, except in the case of public religious festivals.

In his Ab urbe condita (From the founding of the city) book 34 Livy discusses the abolishment of the Lex Oppia from the perspective of Cato the Elder and Lucius Valerius.
SS Saskadoc
SS Saskadoc was a lake freighter, built in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1900.  She was 422.6 feet (128.8 m) long, 50.2 feet (15.3 m) wide, with a draft of 24.1 feet (7.3 m).  She measured 4,611 gross register tons (GRT), and her registered tonnage was 2,876.  Her steam engines produced 160 shaft horsepower (120 kW).

She was originally named William E. Reis.  She sank in the Saint Clair River on November 1, 1907, after a collision with Monroe C. Smith.  She was refloated, repaired, and sold to Interlake Steamship Company, in 1913, which renamed her Uranus.

In 1926 she was sold to Paterson Shipping, which operated her under the name Saskadoc until she was scrapped, in Santander, Spain, in 1967 along with Augustus B. Wolvin.

St. Clair River
The St. Clair River is a 40.5-mile-long (65.2 km) river in eastern North America that flows from Lake Huron into Lake St. Clair, forming part of the international boundary between Canada and the United States and between the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. state of Michigan.  The river is a significant component in the Great Lakes Waterway, whose shipping channels permit cargo vessels to travel between the upper and lower Great Lakes. The St. Clair Delta is located at the mouth of the St. Clair River where it meets Lake St. Clair and is the largest delta in the Great Lakes system, covering approximately 140 square miles (360 km2).
2017 US Open – Wheelchair men's doubles
Defending champion Gordon Reid and his partner Alfie Hewett defeated the other two-time defending champion Stéphane Houdet and his partner Nicolas Peifer in the final, 7–5, 6–4 to win the men's doubles wheelchair tennis title at the 2017 US Open.

There was no edition of the event in 2016 due to a scheduling conflict with the 2016 Summer Paralympics.

Nicolas Peifer
Nicolas Peifer (born 13 October 1990 in Strasbourg) is a French wheelchair tennis player. In doubles, Peifer has completed the career Super Slam, having won all four majors, a Paralympic gold medal in 2016, and the Wheelchair Tennis Masters over the course of his career.

In 2007 Peifer won the Junior Masters.
Parola di ladro
Parola di ladro (internationally released as Honor Among Thieves) is a 1957 Italian comedy film. It stars actor Gabriele Ferzetti. This film represents the directorial debut of Gianni Puccini and Nanni Loy. For this film Andrea Checchi was awarded a Silver Ribbon for best supporting actor.

Nanni Loy
Nanni Loy (born Giovanni Loi; 23 October 1925 – 21 August 1995) was an Italian film, theatre and TV director. Specifically, Nanni Loy was Sardinian, and one of several notable Sardinian film makers, including Franco Solinas.
Temagami Island
Temagami Island, formerly spelt as Timagami Island, is an island in Lake Temagami in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is the largest island within the lake, with Bear Island coming second. The island has many hiking trails that lead into the old-growth forest that is a mix of large white and red pine trees. Temagami Mine, later known as Copperfields Mine, was a copper mine that opened on Temagami Island in 1954. It was considered to be the largest deposit of nearly pure chalcopyrite ever discovered in Canada. The mine closed in 1972.

Temagami Island lies within n'Daki Menan, the homeland of the Teme-Augama Anishnabai, which covers almost 4,000 square miles (10,000 km2).

Temagami Island is also home to Camp Wabikon, an overnight summer camp for youth ages 6–16.

A bright white palladium mercury telluride mineral was discovered on Temagami Island in 1973 called temagamite, named after its discovery locality in Copperfields Mine, originally known as Temagami Mine.

Chalcopyrite
Chalcopyrite (/ˌkælkəˈpaɪˌraɪt, -koʊ-/ KAL-kə-PY-ryte, -⁠koh-) is a copper iron sulfide mineral and the most abundant copper ore mineral. It has the chemical formula CuFeS2 and crystallizes in the tetragonal system. It has a brassy to golden yellow color and a hardness of 3.5 to 4 on the Mohs scale. Its streak is diagnostic as green-tinged black.

On exposure to air, chalcopyrite tarnishes to a variety of oxides, hydroxides, and sulfates. Associated copper minerals include the sulfides bornite (Cu5FeS4), chalcocite (Cu2S), covellite (CuS), digenite (Cu9S5); carbonates such as malachite and azurite, and rarely oxides such as cuprite (Cu2O). It is rarely found in association with native copper. Chalcopyrite is a conductor of electricity.

Copper can be extracted from chalcopyrite ore using various methods. The two predominant methods are pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy, the former being the most commercially viable.
Rugrats: Scavenger Hunt
Rugrats: Scavenger Hunt (known as Rugrats: Treasure Hunt in PAL regions) is a 1999 party video game developed by Realtime Associates and published by THQ for the Nintendo 64. The game is based on the Nickelodeon animated television series Rugrats. It features the original voices from the Rugrats cast reprising their roles as Tommy Pickles, Chuckie Finster, and Phil and Lil DeVille as well as supporting characters Grandpa Lou, Didi and Stu Pickles, Susie Carmichael, Reptar, and series antagonist Angelica Pickles.

The game features three game boards: Angelica's Temple of Gloom, which has an Aztec setting; Pirate Treasure Hunt, where the babies scuba dive under water to find hidden treasure near a sunken ship; and Reptar Rally, which is the only stage that changes the babies into dinosaurs, resembling the form of Reptar.

Angelica Pickles
Angelica Charlotte Pickles is a fictional character who appears in Nickelodeon's Rugrats franchise. She appears in all TV series in the franchise, including Rugrats (1991–2004), All Grown Up! (2003–2008), Rugrats Pre-School Daze (2005), and the computer-animated Rugrats reboot series (2021–present) and is one of the series' original characters. A 3-year-old little girl in Rugrats, Angelica is the daughter and only child of Drew and Charlotte Pickles.

In 2002, TV Guide ranked her seventh in their list of "Top 50 Greatest Cartoon Characters of All Time". American publication Paste later ranked Pickles 46th on their "50 Best Cartoon Characters of All Time" list in 2024.
Stružnica
Stružnica (pronounced [ˈstɾuːʒnitsa]) is a small remote dispersed settlement in the hills above the left bank of the Kolpa River in the Municipality of Kostel in southern Slovenia. It no longer has any permanent residents. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Municipality of Kostel
The Municipality of Kostel (pronounced [ˈkɔːstɛu̯]; Slovene: Občina Kostel) is a municipality in southern Slovenia. Its seat is the settlement of Vas. It is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. It borders Croatia.
Helplessly Hoping
"Helplessly Hoping" is a song released in 1969 by the American folk rock group Crosby, Stills, and Nash written by Stephen Stills. It was first recorded by Stephen Stills on a 1968 demo album released in 2007: Just Roll Tape. Crosby, Stills, and Nash first recorded the song at Wally Heider's Studio 3, Hollywood in December 1968 during their first recording session as a group, with producer Paul Rothchild. The song was first released by Atlantic Records on Crosby, Stills, and Nash's eponymous debut album on May 29, 1969. In June 1969, they released it as the B-side of their debut single "Marrakesh Express".

Paul A. Rothchild
Paul Allen Rothchild (April 18, 1935 – March 30, 1995) was a prominent American record producer of the 1960s and 1970s, widely known for his historic work with the Doors, producing Janis Joplin's final album Pearl and the Paul Butterfield Blues Band's first two albums.
Edward F. Knapp State Airport
44°12′13″N 072°33′44″W﻿ / ﻿44.20361°N 72.56222°W﻿ / 44.20361; -72.56222

Edward F. Knapp State Airport (IATA: MPV, ICAO: KMPV, FAA LID: MPV) is a general aviation airport located in Berlin, Vermont, United States; it is located three miles (5 km) west of the central business district of Barre. It serves both Barre and the Montpelier region. It currently has no scheduled airline service, but the airport was formerly served by Northeast Airlines and Air New England.

The airport completed a major construction project in April 2010, constructing a new taxiway, as well as repaving the runway and expanding the apron near the terminal area.  The $6.2 million project was funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.

Taxiway
A taxiway is a path for aircraft at an airport connecting runways with aprons, hangars, terminals and other facilities. They mostly have a hard surface such as asphalt or concrete, although smaller general aviation airports sometimes use gravel or grass.

Most airports do not have a specific speed limit for taxiing (though some do). There is a general rule on safe speed based on obstacles. Operators and aircraft manufacturers might have limits. Typical taxi speeds are 20–30 kn (37–56 km/h; 23–35 mph).
WLEL
WLEL is a radio station airing a Regional Mexican format licensed to Ellaville, Georgia, broadcasting on 94.3 MHz FM.  It is the only Spanish-language FM radio station serving the Hispanic Latino communities of Middle Georgia and West Central Georgia.  The station serves the areas of Americus, Georgia, Montezuma, Georgia, Perry, Georgia, Fort Valley, Georgia, and is owned by Gorilla Broadcasting ATL LLC

Americus, Georgia
Americus is the county seat of Sumter County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 16,230. It is the principal city of the Americus Micropolitan Statistical Area, a micropolitan area that covers Schley and Sumter counties and had a combined population of 36,966 at the 2000 census.

Habitat for Humanity was founded in Americus and its international headquarters is there, as well as The Fuller Center for Housing's international headquarters, Georgia Southwestern State University, the Windsor Hotel, The Rosalynn Carter Institute for Caregivers, and many other organizations. The city is notable for its rich history, including a large business and residential historic district, being one of the 29 places where Martin Luther King was jailed, the infamous Leesburg Stockade incident, and its close proximity to Jimmy Carter National Historical Park, Andersonville National Historic Site, and Koinonia Farm.