hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Biltmore stick
The Biltmore stick is a tool used by foresters to estimate tree trunk diameter at breast height. The tool very often includes a hypsometer scale to estimate height as well. It looks much like an everyday yardstick. With practice a Biltmore stick is considered to be exceptionally accurate, often within half an inch on diameters. Some foresters use the tool regularly. However, many prefer to use more accurate tools such as a diameter tape or tree caliper to measure diameter at breast height (DBH), and a clinometer to measure height. On the other end of the spectrum, some foresters consider the use of a Biltmore stick to be no more accurate than their own visual estimates (based on experience estimating the height and DBH of trees), and make it practice for their surveys to be largely completed in this manner.

The Biltmore stick uses the principle of similar triangles. Similar triangles involve using identical angles but different side lengths.

Height
Height is  measure of vertical distance, either vertical extent (how "tall" something or someone is) or vertical position (how "high" a point is). For an example of vertical extent, "This basketball player is 7 foot 1 inches in height." For an example of vertical position, "The height of an airplane in-flight is about 10,000 meters."

When the term is used to describe vertical position (of, e.g., an airplane) from sea level, height is more often called altitude. Furthermore, if the point is attached to the Earth (e.g., a mountain peak), then altitude (height above sea level) is called elevation.

In a two-dimensional Cartesian space, height is measured along the vertical axis (y) between a specific point and another that does not have the same y-value. If both points happen to have the same y-value, then their relative height is zero. In the case of three-dimensional space, height is measured along the vertical z axis, describing a distance from (or "above") the x-y plane.
Millimeter Anisotropy eXperiment IMaging Array
The Millimeter Anisotropy eXperiment IMaging Array (MAXIMA) experiment was a balloon-borne experiment funded by the United States NSF, NASA, and Department of Energy, and operated by an international collaboration headed by the University of California, to measure the fluctuations of the cosmic microwave background. It consisted of two flights, one in August 1998 and one in June 1999.  For each flight the balloon was started at the Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility in Palestine, Texas and flew to an altitude of 40,000 metres for over 8 hours. For the first flight it took data from about 0.3 percent of the sky of the northern region near the Draco constellation. For the second flight, known as MAXIMA-II, twice the area was observed, this time in the direction of Ursa Major.

Initially planned together with the BOOMERanG experiment, it split off during the planning phase to take a less risky approach by reducing flying time as well as launching and landing on U.S. territory.

Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility
The Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility (CSBF), established in
1961 and formerly known as the National Scientific Balloon Facility 
(NSBF), is a NASA facility responsible for providing launch, tracking and control, airspace coordination, telemetry and command systems, and recovery services for unmanned high-altitude balloons. Customers of the CSBF include NASA centers, universities, and scientific groups from all over the world.
Arthur Bowers
Arthur Robert Bowers (February 16, 1919 – May 21, 1988) was a Democratic politician who served in the Ohio House of Representatives.  A Steubenville, Ohio, native, Bowers initially won election to a seat in the Ohio House in 1962, when apportionment was still chosen at-large.  He won re-election in 1964, but was not a candidate for re-election in 1966.

When Representative Douglas Applegate opted to run for the Ohio Senate in 1968, Bowers made a political comeback and again ran for a seat in the Ohio House.  He won, and was seated again on January 3, 1969.  He won re-election in 1970.

In 1972, Bowers was named Chairman of the Transportation and Highways Committee.  He served in that role for the rest of his House career, and was pivotal in requiring seat belts in Ohio automobiles.

In January 1986, Bowers announced his retirement from the House.

Ohio Democratic Party
The Ohio Democratic Party (ODP) is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Ohio. Former state representative Kathleen Clyde has been the party's chairwoman since June 2025.

Statewide, the Democrats currently are viewed as the opposition party, with Republicans holding the bulk of the major statewide offices. However, the Democrats do hold the mayorships of the state's largest cities, as well as the County Executive seats in the largest counties.
Rochefort's Escape
Rochefort's Escape (French: L'évasion de Rochefort) is a painting by Édouard Manet painted in around 1881, currently in the Kunsthaus Zürich. It depicts the 1874 escape of Victor Henri Rochefort, Marquis de Rochefort-Luçay from captivity in New Caledonia to which he had been sentenced for his role in the Paris Commune. The genre of history painting traditionally dealt with historic and mythological topics, and Rochefort's Escape is considered highly significant for its depiction of an event still fresh in public memory. A second smaller version of the painting is in the Musée d'Orsay.

Kunsthaus Zürich
The Kunsthaus Zürich is an art museum in Zurich. It is the biggest art museum in Switzerland by area and houses one of the most important art collections in Switzerland, assembled over time by the Zürcher Kunstgesellschaft, a nonprofit art society. The collection spans from the Middle Ages to contemporary art, with an emphasis on Swiss art.
Satarō Fukiage
Satarō Fukiage (吹上 佐太郎, Fukiage Satarō; February 1, 1889 – September 28, 1926) was a Japanese rapist and serial killer. He killed at least seven girls. He murdered his first victim in 1906, and killed six girls between 1923 and 1924. He was tried for three out of six cases, but his exact number of victims is unknown.

He raped a number of women besides the murder victims and according to one theory, he raped 93 girls and about 100 women. Some estimates say he raped more than 100 women.

Sexual abuse
Sexual abuse or sex abuse is abusive sexual behavior by one person upon another. It is often perpetrated using physical force, or by taking advantage of another. It often consists of a persistent pattern of sexual assaults. The offender is referred to as a sexual abuser. Live streaming sexual abuse involves trafficking and coerced sexual acts, or rape, in real time on webcam.

Molestation refers to an instance of sexual assault, especially when perpetrated against a child. The perpetrator is called (often pejoratively) a molester. The term also covers behavior by an adult or older adolescent towards a child to sexually stimulate any of the involved. The use of a child for sexual stimulation is referred to as child sexual abuse and, for pubescent or post-pubescent individuals younger than the age of consent, statutory rape.

Sexual abuse can be perpetrated against other vulnerable populations like the elderly, a form of elder abuse, or those with developmental disabilities.
Gabriel Bacquier
Gabriel Bacquier (French pronunciation: [gabʁjel bakje]; 17 May 1924 – 13 May 2020) was a French operatic baritone. One of the leading baritones of the 20th century and particularly associated with the French and Italian repertoires, he was considered a fine singing actor equally at home in dramatic or comic roles and gave regular song recitals. He was a long-term member of the Opéra-Comique and the Paris Opera, but forged a long career internationally at leading opera houses in Europe and the U.S. His large discography spans five decades, and he was considered as “the ambassador of French song”.

Sherrill Milnes
Sherrill Milnes (born January 10, 1935) is an American dramatic baritone most famous for his Verdi roles. From 1965 until 1997 he was associated with the Metropolitan Opera. His voice is a high dramatic baritone, combining good legato with an incisive rhythmic style.

By 1965, aged 30, he had made his debut at the Metropolitan Opera. His international debuts followed soon thereafter, and Milnes became one of the world's prominent Verdi baritones of the 1970s and 1980s.
Gustavo Cabrera (footballer)
Gustavo Adolfo Cabrera Marroquín (born 13 December 1979) is a Guatemalan former professional footballer who played as a defender. On 12 September 2012 he was banned from play for life due to allegations of match-fixing.

Comunicaciones FC
Comunicaciones Fútbol Club (Spanish pronunciation: [kˌomunˌikaθjˈones fˈutβol klˈub]), commonly referred to as Comunicaciones, is a professional football club based in Guatemala City. The club competes in Liga Bantrab, the top tier of Guatemalan football.

One of the most popular and successful football clubs in Guatemala, Comunicaciones have won 32 national championships, the most of any Guatemalan club team, including six consecutive. In addition to their 32 league titles, Comunicaciones have won eight league cups and ten Supercups. In international competition, Comunicaciones have won two UNCAF Interclub Cups, one CONCACAF Champions Cup, and one CONCACAF League championship.
Amin (song)
"Amin" (Greek: Αμήν; English: Amen) is a single released by Greek pop singer Anna Vissi in 1995.  The single featured "Amin" which later appeared on the repackaged edition of her popular album Re!, as well as the track "Eleni", which Anna Vissi dedicated to her fan Eleni Karkanta. Music and lyrics for both tracks are by Nikos Karvelas.

Nikos Karvelas
Nikos Karvelas (Greek: Νίκος Καρβέλας; born 8 September 1951) is a Greek musician, composer, singer, songwriter, record producer and author. He has sold millions of records as a producer and is most recognizable for his four-decade-long collaboration with Anna Vissi, while some of his other well-known collaborations include Tolis Voskopoulos and Sakis Rouvas. Karvelas has released multiple personal studio albums that have had mild to big success. In 2012, Alpha TV ranked Karvelas as the 13th top-certified composer in Greece in the phonographic era.
Louis Hillman-Cooper
Louis Hillman-Cooper (born 22 December 2001) is an English rugby union player who plays for Gloucester in the Premiership Rugby.

Hillman-Cooper joined the Gloucester academy aged 16 and made his England U18 debut against Scotland in March 2019, also playing against France a week later. He was included in the England U20s squad for the 2021 Six Nations Under 20s Championship.

He made his debut during the Premiership Rugby Cup against local rivals Bath in November 2021.

2021 Six Nations Under 20s Championship
The 2021 Six Nations Under 20s Championship was the 14th series of the Six Nations Under 20s Championship, the annual northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic all the matches were played at Cardiff Arms Park, Cardiff.

The 2020 tournament was suspended with three games left to play, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and cancelled in August with no winner announced.
Derek Prout
Derek Henry Prout (10 November 1942 - 27 July 2005) was an English rugby union international.

A winger from Launceston, Cornwall, Prout featured in 41 county matches for county. He played rugby for Loughborough Colleges during his tertiary studies in the early 1960s, before joining Northampton in 1967.

Prout was capped twice by England in the 1968 Five Nations, for matches against Wales and Ireland at Twickenham, both of which ended in a draw. He shared his Test debut with future England captain Bob Hiller.

Following his England caps, Prout continued at Northampton until 1971, then had a short stint with Harlequins.

Prout, a teacher by profession, coached Trojans and Hampshire.

Trojans Rugby Club
The Trojans Club based at Stoneham Lane,  Eastleigh, Hampshire was formed in 1874, initially as a rugby union club. The men's rugby 1st XV currently play in Counties 2 Hampshire – a league at the eighth level of the English rugby union system, while the men's 2nd XV play in the Hampshire Leagues.

There are now four active sections, rugby, cricket, hockey, and squash, covering all ages from under-8 to seniors and both men and women, boys and girls. During its long and proud history, the Trojans Club has done much to foster amateur sport and has, over the years, produced many county and international players including Anthony Allen.
Robert Dixon-Smith, Baron Dixon-Smith
Robert William Dixon-Smith, Baron Dixon-Smith, DL (born 30 September 1934), is a British farmer and Conservative Party politician. Lord Dixon-Smith is a former Shadow Minister at the Department for Communities and Local Government.

Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government
The Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG) is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It is responsible for housing, communities, and local government in England. It was established in May 2006 and is the successor to the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, established in 2001. The department shares its headquarters building, at 2 Marsham Street in London, with the Home Office.

There are corresponding departments in the Scottish Government, the Welsh Government, and the Northern Ireland Executive, responsible for communities and local government in their respective jurisdictions.
Sangkarewangia
Sangkarewangia is a genus of barbine fish that lived in Sangkarewang Formation, West Sumatra during the Eocene epoch. It is known from three specimen and one of them preserved most of the fish body except the head part which is disarticulated. Based from the fossil, Sangkarewangia can be inferred as a small fish with elongated body and proportionally large head. The largest specimen have 7,58 cm standard length and 9 cm total length while the smallest only measured 3 cm in standard length with 1,05 cm. The head occupy 35% of its standard length with the operculum form one-third of the head length. The preserved fossils also showed that Sangkarewangia have deeply forked tail. Its low number of caudal vertebrate (13) combined with total vertebrate number (30–31) are considered as an autapomorphy for this species.

Autapomorphy
In phylogenetics, an autapomorphy is a distinctive feature, known as a derived trait, that is unique to a given taxon.  That is, it is found only in one taxon, but not found in any others or outgroup taxa, not even those most closely related to the focal taxon (which may be a species, family or in general any clade). It can therefore be considered  as an apomorphy in relation to a single taxon. The word autapomorphy, introduced in 1950 by German entomologist Willi Hennig, is derived from the Ancient Greek words αὐτός (autós), meaning "self"; ἀπό (apó), meaning "away from"; and μορφή (morphḗ), meaning "shape, form".
Tony Jones (sports journalist)
Tony Jones (born 1 October 1961), known by the nickname “Chompers”, is an Australian sports presenter and journalist based in Melbourne.

Jones is currently the sports presenter Nine News Melbourne on weeknights. He also hosts the network's Australian Open coverage. As of 2023, he has been with the Nine Network for more than 37 years.

Nine News Melbourne
Nine News Melbourne is the weeknight, flagship news bulletin of the Nine Network in Australia, screened in Melbourne, Tasmania, and across Victoria.

Like all Nine News bulletins, the Melbourne bulletin runs for one hour, from 6pm every day. It comprises local, national and international news, as well as sport, weather and finance.
Sniper and Other Love Songs
Sniper and Other Love Songs is the second studio album by the American singer/songwriter Harry Chapin, released in 1972. The album's title song is a vaguely fictionalised account of Charles Whitman's shootings from the clocktower of the Main Building of the University of Texas at Austin in August 1966. In 2004 it was released as a double CD package with Heads & Tales featuring several previously unreleased out-takes.

The song "Circle" was a major hit for The New Seekers (released as "Circles") and became known as the Chapin Anthem. "Sunday Morning Sunshine" cracked the Billboard Hot 100. A live version of "A Better Place To Be" charted in 1976.

Main Building (University of Texas at Austin)
The Main Building (known colloquially as The Tower) is a structure at the center of the University of Texas at Austin campus in Downtown Austin, Texas, United States. The Main Building's 307-foot (94 m) tower has 27 floors.
Nina Mjøberg
Nina Mjøberg (born 18 April 1964) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

She served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Buskerud during the terms 1989–1993, 2005–2009 and 2009–2013.

On the local level, she is a former deputy mayor of Modum.

Buskerud
Buskerud (Urban East Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈbʉ̂skərʉː] ⓘ) is a county in Norway, bordering Akershus, Oslo, Innlandet, Vestland, Telemark and Vestfold. It extends from Oslofjord and Drammensfjord in the southeast to the Hardangervidda mountain range in the northwest. The administrative centre of the county is Drammen.

Buskerud was one of the three counties merged into Viken on 1 January 2020. On 23 February 2022, the Viken County Council voted 49-38 to submit an application to the Norwegian government for a demerger of itself. Due to this, Buskerud (except the area forming the defunct municipalities of Røyken and Hurum) was re-established in 2024.
Tong Wen
Tong Wen (Chinese: 佟文; pinyin: Tóng Wén; born 1 February 1983 in Tianjin) is a Chinese judoka. Born in Tianjin, she began training in Judo when she was 13.

In the 2008 Summer Olympics she won the gold medal. She also won gold medals at the World Judo Championships of 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009 and 2011 as well as a bronze medal in 2001.

On 10 May 2010, she was banned for two years by the International Judo Federation because of Clenbuterol doping and was required to give back her gold medal from the World Championships of 2009. Tong subsequently contested the ban and took her case to the Court of Arbitration for Sport which ruled that a doping violation could not be proved and found, in her favor, ordering that she be reinstated immediately with all rights. She returned to international competition in May 2011, winning gold at the Moscow Grand Slam.

Clenbuterol
Clenbuterol is a sympathomimetic amine used by sufferers of breathing disorders as a decongestant and bronchodilator. People with chronic breathing disorders such as asthma use this as a bronchodilator to make breathing easier. It is most commonly available as the hydrochloride salt, clenbuterol hydrochloride.

It was patented in 1967 and came into medical use in 1977.
Chevron B1
The Chevron B1 was the first car to be developed and built by British manufacturer Chevron, in 1965. Designed by Derek Bennett, it was lightweight open-wheel sports car, specifically intended and purpose-built to compete in the clubman class series of racing; a series for front-engined sports prototypes. Over its five-year career span, it won 7 races, scored 18 podium finishes, won an additional 8 races in its class, and scored one single pole position. Only two car were built. It was constructed out of a steel tubular spaceframe chassis, covered in aluminum body panels. This meant it was very light, weighing only 400 kg (880 lb). It was powered by a naturally-aspirated 1,498 cc (91.4 cu in) Ford-Cosworth.

Clubman (racing car class)
The Clubman is a class of prototype front-engined sports racing cars that originated in Britain in 1965 as a low-cost formula for open-top, front-engined roadgoing sports cars like the Lotus 7, which had been crowded out of the mainstream by rear-engined cars such as the Lotus 23.

The cars have evolved and specialised, but it remains a very popular class of racing.

The Clubmans Sports Prototype Championship is organised by The Clubmans Register and currently races with MotorSport Vision (MSVR) and is a Motorsport UK (MSUK) recognised club.

The championship runs with four classes; CSP1 for cars up to 2000cc developing 200bhp from 4 cylinder road derived engines or motorcycle engines up to 1600cc. CSP2 for cars using sealed 1600 K series engines developing 125bhp. CSPA for Classic A cars built before 1981. CSPB for Classic B cars built before 1981.
KNTX
KNTX (1410 AM) is a radio station licensed in and serving the Bowie, Texas area with full-service radio and oldies programming. It is under ownership of Henderson Broadcasting Company, LP. Much of the schedule consists of news headlines from ABC News, CBS News, and the Texas State Network with the rest of the schedule filled with community news and classic hits from Cumulus Media Networks' "Classic Hits" satellite feed.

The station was assigned the KNTX call sign by the Federal Communications Commission on February 1, 2000.

Full-service radio
Full-service radio is a type of radio format characterized by a mix of music programming and a large amount of locally-produced and hyperlocal programming, such as news and discussion focusing on local issues, news, sports coverage, interviews, call-in segments, and sometimes religious content. The aim of full service radio is to provide a one-stop shop for listening needs and serve a wider demographic. Music played may be a variety or catered to a certain demographic, usually by local DJs. Full service radio saw a decline after television became widespread in the 1950s.
To My Boyfriend
"To My Boyfriend" (Korean: 내 남자친구에게; RR: Nae namja chingu aegae) is a song performed by South Korean girl group Fin.K.L, released on May 20, 1998, as part of the group's debut studio album Blue Rain by DSP Media. Stylistically, "To My Boyfriend" is a summer-themed dance and bubblegum pop song that lyrically resembles that of a love letter written towards the members' romantic interests.

DSP Media
DSP Media (DSP 미디어) is a South Korean entertainment company established in 1991 by Lee Ho-yeon. The company operates as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management and concert production company, and music publishing house. In January 2022, the company was acquired by RBW.

Current artists include: KARD, Young Posse, Baby Blue, Lee Jin-jae and Ahn Ye-eun as well as actors and actresses including: Kim Min, Lee Joong-ok, Lee Ji-hyun, Lee Hyung-hoon, Oh Hye-won, Lee Seo-young, Chung Ye-jin, Yoon Jung-hoon, Kim Chae-won, Ahn Seo-hyun, Seong Tae, Ju Hyun, Han Jei, Hwang Kyung-ha and Kang Dae-hyun.
Miss Massachusetts Teen USA
The Miss Massachusetts Teen USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Massachusetts in the Miss Teen USA pageant. Massachusetts had a number of semi-finalist placings but is not one of the most successful states at Miss Teen USA. Their best placement was in 2001, when Marianna Zaslavsky placed 2nd runner-up to Marissa Whitley.

The most notable Miss Massachusetts Teen USA is Susie Castillo, who went on to win the Miss Massachusetts USA and Miss USA crowns. She is one of six Massachusetts teens to win the respective Miss title. One other Teen also competed at Miss America.

Elmire Arsenault of Fairhaven was crowned Miss Massachusetts Teen USA 2025 on June 15, 2025 at the Plymouth Memorial Hall in Plymouth. She will represent Massachusetts for the title of Miss Teen USA 2025.

Miss America
Miss America is an annual competition that is open to women from the United States between the ages of 18 and 28. Originating in 1921 as a "bathing beauty revue", the contest is judged on competition segments with scoring percentages: Private Interview (30%) – a 10-minute press conference-style interview with a panel of judges, On Stage Question (10%) – answering a judge's question onstage, Talent or HER Story (20%) – a performance talent or 90 second speech, Health and Fitness (20%) – demonstrated physical fitness onstage dressed in athletic wear, and Evening Gown (20%) – modeling evening-wear onstage.

The previous year's titleholder crowns the winner. Miss America 2026 is Cassie Donegan of New York, who was crowned on September 7, 2025, at the Dr Phillips Center for the Performing Arts in Orlando, Florida.