hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chlebowo, Stargard County
Chlebowo [xlɛˈbɔvɔ] (German: Sassenburg) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Dąbrowa, within Stargard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) north-east of Stara Dąbrowa, 20 km (12 mi) north-east of Stargard, and 44 km (27 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Stargard County
Stargard County (Polish: powiat stargardzki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Stargard, which lies 32 kilometres (20 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin. The county contains four other towns: Chociwel, 26 km (16 mi) north-east of Stargard, Dobrzany, 27 km (17 mi) east of Stargard, Ińsko, 37 km (23 mi) east of Stargard, and Suchań, 21 km (13 mi) east of Stargard.

The county covers an area of 1,519.59 square kilometres (586.7 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 119,402, out of which the population of Stargard is 70,534, that of Chociwel is 3,285, that of Dobrzany is 2,420, that of Ińsko is 2,001, that of Suchań is 1,446, and the rural population is 39,716.
Preaspiration
In phonetics, preaspiration (sometimes spelled pre-aspiration) is a period of voicelessness or aspiration preceding the closure of a voiceless obstruent, basically equivalent to an [h]-like sound preceding the obstruent. In other words, when an obstruent is preaspirated, the glottis is opened for some time before the obstruent closure. To mark preaspiration using the International Phonetic Alphabet, the diacritic for regular aspiration, ⟨ʰ⟩, can be placed before the preaspirated consonant. However, Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996:70) prefer to use a simple cluster notation, e.g. ⟨hk⟩ instead of ⟨ʰk⟩.

Plosive
In phonetics, a plosive, also known as an occlusive or simply a stop, is a pulmonic consonant in which the vocal tract is blocked so that all airflow ceases.

The occlusion may be made with the tongue tip or blade ([t], [d]), tongue body ([k], [ɡ]), lips ([p], [b]), or glottis ([ʔ]). Plosives contrast with nasals, where the vocal tract is blocked but airflow continues through the nose, as in /m/ and /n/, and with fricatives, where partial occlusion impedes but does not block airflow in the vocal tract.
Zashkiv, Lviv Raion, Lviv Oblast
Zashkiv (Ukrainian: Зашків; Polish: Zaszków; German: Saschkiw) is a village not far from Lviv in Lviv Raion (district) of Lviv Oblast (region) in western Ukraine. It belongs to Lviv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast (Ukrainian: Львівська область, romanized: Lvivska oblast, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also referred to as Lvivshchyna (Ukrainian: Львівщина, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]), is an oblast in western Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Lviv. The current population is 2,478,133 (2022 estimate).
Ken Bentley
Kenneth Bentley is a British drama director who works primarily in audio and theatre. He is best known for his work with Big Finish Productions, including their long-running series of audio dramas based on the popular British science-fiction series Doctor Who.

Bentley attended Berkshire College of Art and trained as a director at Drama Studio London.

In addition to his directing work Bentley was an assistant music researcher on Stephen Poliakoff's Capturing Mary, and his written work includes Atramuntanat (a play about the life of Salvador Dalí) as well as a short story and several co-written short films.

Capturing Mary
Capturing Mary is a BBC television drama (co-produced by HBO), written and directed by Stephen Poliakoff, starring Dame Maggie Smith, David Walliams, Ruth Wilson and Danny Lee Wynter. It was aired on BBC Two on 12 November 2007.  It is linked, by the central character of Joe, to another Poliakoff drama, Joe's Palace, which was first aired on 4 November 2007.
Revenue stamps of Guernsey
Revenue stamps of Guernsey refer to the various revenue or fiscal stamps, whether adhesive or directly embossed, which were issued by the States of Guernsey for use on the island of Guernsey, a British Crown dependency. There were general-duty revenues, along with issues for Entertainments Tax, Sales Tax, Income Tax and Insurance.

Alderney, a part of Guernsey, also issued revenue stamps from 1923 to 1962.

Revenue stamp
A revenue stamp, tax stamp, duty stamp or fiscal stamp is a (usually) adhesive label used to designate collected taxes or fees on documents, tobacco, alcoholic drinks, drugs and medicines, playing cards, hunting licenses, firearm registration, and many other things.  Typically, businesses purchase the stamps from the government (thereby paying the tax), and attach them to taxed items as part of putting the items on sale, or in the case of documents, as part of filling out the form.

Revenue stamps often look very similar to postage stamps, and in some countries and time periods it has been possible to use postage stamps for revenue purposes, and vice versa. Some countries also issued dual-purpose postage and revenue stamps.
Wet rock physa
The Wet rock physa, scientific name Physella zionis, is a species of freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Physidae, the bladder snails. This species is endemic to two connected canyons, Zion Canyon and Orderville Canyon, along the north fork of the Virgin River in Zion National Park, Washington County, Utah, a stretch of about 5 kilometers (3.1 mi) (Oliver & Bosworth 1999).

Zion Canyon
Zion Canyon (also called Little Zion, Mukuntuweap, Mu-Loon'-Tu-Weap, and Straight Cañon; weap is Paiute for canyon) is a deep and narrow gorge in southwestern Utah, United States, carved by the North Fork of the Virgin River. Nearly the entire canyon is located within the eastern half of Zion National Park.
Paras (serial)
Paras (Urdu: پارس) is a 2015 Pakistani television series produced by Babar Javed under the banner of A&B Productions. It stars Yumna Zaidi and Sami Khan in leads on their fourth on-screen appearance after Teri Raah Main Rul Gai, Meri Dulari, and Kaanch Ki Guriya. It was written by Rukhsana Nigar and directed by Aamir Yousuf.

Teri Raah Main Rul Gai
Teri Raah Main Rul Gai is a 2012 Pakistani drama serial directed by Amin Iqbal, produced by Asif Raza Mir and Babar Javed under their production banner A&B Entertainment and written by Maimoona Khursheed. The drama stars Samiya Mumtaz, Sami Khan and Yumna Zaidi in lead roles. The drama was first aired 6 October 2012 on Urdu 1, where it aired every Monday at 9:00 P.M. The drama was based on Maimoona Khursheed's novel of the same name.
Aedh mac Brian Ó Cellaigh
Aedh mac Brian Ó Cellaigh, King of Ui Maine, died 1467.

Ó Cellaigh appears to have been the only son of Brian Ó Cellaigh (died 1393) and Edwina inion Cathal Oge O Conchobair (died 1393). On their deaths within a few months of each other, he was apparently cared for by his grandfather, king Maelsechlainn Ó Cellaigh (died 1402) and after his death, by his uncle, Uilliam Ruadh, tánaiste of Ui Maine (died 1420).

Aedh came to power in 1424 as a compromise candidate. Donnchadh Ó Cellaigh, king from 1410 and another uncle of Aedh, had attempted to suborn the sons of Uilliam Ruadh, which led to his death in an ambush by them. As his supporters would not accept one of Uilliam Ruadh's sons as king, Aedh advanced his claim and was successful.

Tánaiste
The Tánaiste (/ˈtɔːnɪʃtə/ TAW-nish-tə, Irish: [ˈt̪ˠaːn̪ˠəʃtʲə] ⓘ) is the second-ranking member of the government of Ireland and the holder of its second-most senior office. It is the equivalent of the deputy prime minister in other parliamentary systems.

The Tánaiste is appointed by the president of Ireland on the advice of the Taoiseach. The current office holder is Simon Harris, TD, who was appointed on 23 January 2025.
Abercrave railway station
Abercrave railway station was a railway station that served the village of Abercraf in the traditional county of Brecknockshire, Wales. Opened in 1891 by the Midland Railway it closed to passengers in 1932 although the line through the station remained open for freight for some time after that.

Abercraf
Abercraf (also Abercrâf; or Abercrave) is a village in Powys, Wales, in the community of Ystradgynlais and within the historic boundaries of the county of Brecknockshire.

A distinct dialect of English is spoken in the village, as well as the Welsh language.

Between 1965 and 1991, the village was the location of a Royal Observer Corps monitoring bunker, to be used in the event of a nuclear attack. It remains mostly intact.
Life Beyond the Box: Norman Stanley Fletcher
Life Beyond the Box: Norman Stanley Fletcher is a BBC Television comedy docudrama, first shown in 2003, that depicts the later life of Norman Stanley Fletcher, the main character in two earlier television series, Porridge and Going Straight.

Going Straight
Going Straight is a British television sitcom created and written by Dick Clement and Ian La Frenais, and starring Ronnie Barker and Richard Beckinsale.

The series serves as a direct sequel to the sitcom Porridge, in which all four were involved, with its premise surrounding the exploits of Barker's character Norman Stanley Fletcher following his release from prison on parole and his attempts to not commit another crime for the sake of his family, despite the allure that lawbreaking brings. The programme also featured the appearance of Patricia Brake, reprising her role as Fletcher's daughter Ingrid in Porridge, and Nicholas Lyndhurst as Fletcher's son Raymond. Fulton Mackay, Tony Osoba and Paul McDowell guest starred in the first episode, also reprising their roles from Porridge.
Ray Byrne
Ray Byrne (born 16 July 1953) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Carlton, Collingwood and Geelong during his eleven-year career in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Byrne will be remembered as one of the most unfortunate players in the history of VFL/AFL football, as he turned out for two clubs in four Grand Finals, only to be on the losing side in each one of them (Carlton 1973, Collingwood 1979, 1980, 1981). At the time of his retirement Ray had played in 22 finals which at the time was the 6th most finals games in VFL History.

1979 VFL grand final
The 1979 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the   Carlton Football Club and Collingwood Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on  29 September 1979. It was the 83rd annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1979 VFL season. The match, attended by 113,545 spectators, was won by Carlton by a margin of 5 points, marking that club's 12th premiership victory.
Studeno, Kočevje
Studeno (pronounced [stuˈdeːnɔ]; German: Brunnsee, Gottscheerish: Sheab, Prunnsheab) is a remote abandoned settlement in the Municipality of Kočevje in southern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. Its territory is now part of the village of Knežja Lipa.

Municipality of Kočevje
The Municipality of Kočevje (pronounced [kɔˈtʃeːwjɛ]; Slovene: Občina Kočevje) is a municipality in southern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the city of Kočevje. Today it is part of the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. In terms of area, it is the largest municipality in Slovenia. It borders Croatia.
Amga (rural locality)
Amga (Russian: Амга́; Yakut: Амма, Amma) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Amginsky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia. It also the only inhabited locality and the administrative center of Amginsky Rural Okrug within Amginsky District. Population:  6,533 (2010 Census); 6,359 (2002 Census); 5,191 (1989 Soviet census).

Yakut language
The Yakut language (/jəˈkuːt/ yə-KOOT), also known as the Sakha language (/səˈxɑː/ sə-KHAH) or Yakutian, is a Siberian Turkic language spoken by around 450,000 native speakers—primarily by ethnic Yakuts. It is one of the official languages of the Sakha Republic, a republic in the Russian Federation.

The Yakut language has a large number of loanwords of Mongolic origin, a layer of vocabulary of unclear origin, as well as numerous recent borrowings from Russian. Like other Turkic languages, Yakut is an agglutinative language and features vowel harmony.
Shachtmanism
Shachtmanism is the form of Marxism associated with the American Marxist theorist Max Shachtman (1904–1972). It has two major components: a bureaucratic collectivist analysis of the Soviet Union and a third camp approach to world politics. Shachtmanites believe that the Stalinist rulers of proclaimed socialist countries are a new ruling class distinct from the workers and reject Trotsky's description of Stalinist Russia as a "degenerated workers' state".

New class
New class is a polemic term by critics of countries that followed the Soviet-type state socialism to describe the privileged ruling class of bureaucrats and Communist party functionaries which arose in these states. Generally, the group known in the Soviet Union as the nomenklatura conforms to the theory of the new class. The term was earlier applied to other emerging strata of the society. Milovan Đilas' new-class theory was also used extensively by anti-communist commentators in the Western world in their criticism of the Communist states during the Cold War.

"Red bourgeoisie" is a pejorative synonym for the term new class, crafted by leftist critics and movements like the 1968 student demonstrations in Belgrade. New class is also used as a term in late 1960s post-industrial sociology.
Abstinence (conscription)
Abstinence (Hebrew: הִסתַגְפוּת, Ashkenazi pronunciation: Histagfus) was a form of draft evasion and a form of hunger strike (or other forms of self-harm, such as sleep deprivation, tending to cause tachycardia, or self-inflicted wound) employed by young men in the Russian Empire's Jewish Pale of Settlement (and in the neighbouring Austrian Empire's Galicia) in order to be found unfit for military service by the Imperial authorities.

Tachycardia
Tachycardia, also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate. In general, a resting heart rate over 100 beats per minute is accepted as tachycardia in adults. Heart rates above the resting rate may be normal (such as with exercise) or abnormal (such as with electrical problems within the heart).
Disa macrostachya
Disa macrostachya is a perennial plant and geophyte belonging to the genus Disa and is part of the fynbos. The species is endemic to the Northern Cape and occurs in the Namaqualand on the Kamiesberge on the northern slopes. The plant has an area of occurrence of 11 km2. There are three subpopulations of which two consist of approximately 50 plants and the third of 100 plants. The plant is threatened by overgrazing and trampling.

Kamiesberge
The Kamiesberg or Kamiesberge is a mountain range of jumbled granite inselbergs or bornhardts dotted over sandy plains and centered on Kamieskroon in Namaqualand in South Africa. This range is very like the Matopos of Zimbabwe in appearance. It stretches for about 140 km (60 mi) from Garies in the south to Springbok in the north and forms a plateau between the Sandveld of the Cape West Coast and Bushmanland in the east, with the Hardveld of the mountainous central Kamiesberg escarpment in the midst.
Kesknädal
Kesknädal (Estonian for 'Midweek') is a weekly newspaper issued every Wednesday. The paper was started in 1999. It is the organ of the Centre Party, a left-leaning Estonian party.

The paper has been criticized for hiring notable Soviet-era journalists such as Ralf R. Parve, and sometimes accused of harbouring Soviet-like journalistic culture.

Estonian Centre Party
The Estonian Centre Party (Estonian: Eesti Keskerakond, EK) is a populist political party in Estonia. It was founded in 1991 as a direct successor of the Popular Front of Estonia, and it is currently led by Mihhail Kõlvart.
The party was founded on 12 October 1991 from the basis of the Popular Front of Estonia after several parties split from it. At that time, the party was called the People's Centre Party (Rahvakeskerakond) to differentiate from the smaller centre-right Rural Centre Party (Maa-Keskerakond). The party was a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe until 14 September 2024.
Kulungugu bomb attack
The Kulungugu bomb attack was a failed assassination attempt on Kwame Nkrumah, the President of Ghana.

On 1 August 1962, Kwame Nkrumah stopped in Kulungugu, a minor port of entry in the Pusiga District in Upper East Bawku. There was a bomb explosion aimed at killing the President.

President of Ghana
The president of the Republic of Ghana is the elected head of state and head of government of Ghana, as well as commander-in-chief of the Ghana Armed Forces. The current president of Ghana is John Mahama, who won the 2024 presidential election against then vice president, Mahamudu Bawumia, by a margin of 14.94%. He was sworn into office on 7 January 2025.
Fear City
Fear City is a 1984 American neo-noir erotic thriller film directed by Abel Ferrara, and written by his longtime collaborator Nicholas St. John. It stars Tom Berenger, Billy Dee Williams, Jack Scalia, and Melanie Griffith in the leading roles, with supporting parts played by Rossano Brazzi, Rae Dawn Chong, Joe Santos, Michael V. Gazzo and Jan Murray.

The film follows a former boxer turned mob-connected nightclub promoter (Berenger) and a fiercely driven police Detective (Williams), investigating a brutal serial killer targeting strippers in Manhattan. The title alludes to the Fear City pamphlets distributed by the New York Police Department.

Fear City was Ferrara's first to be produced by a major studio, 20th Century Fox. However, it was distributed by independent company Aquarius Releasing. It received mixed reviews.

Nicholas St. John (screenwriter)
Nicodemo Oliverio, better known as Nicholas St. John, is an American screenwriter.  He has collaborated with film director Abel Ferrara on nine films including The Driller Killer (1979), Body Snatchers (1993) and The Addiction (1995), as well as Ms. 45 (1981) and King of New York (1990).  For his work in the film The Funeral (1996), St. John was nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Screenplay.
Hippopotamus Defence
The Hippopotamus Defence is a chess opening system employed by Black, consisting of a double fianchetto structure (bishops on b7 and g7) and a small pawn centre (pawns on d6 and e6). The knights are typically developed to e7 and d7 and the rook's pawns to a6 and h6. This structure can be obtained by a wide variety of move orders but it occurs most frequently via the Modern Defence (1.e4 g6) or Owen's Defence (1.e4 b6). The Hippopotamus can also be played against queen's pawn openings or flank openings and is thus a genuinely universal system. The same structure is also occasionally utilized by White.

Chess annotation symbols
When annotating chess games, commentators frequently use widely recognized annotation symbols. Question marks and exclamation points that denote a move as bad or good are ubiquitous in chess literature. Some publications intended for an international audience, such as the Chess Informant, have a wide range of additional symbols that transcend language barriers.

The common symbols for evaluating the merits of a move are "??", "?", "?!", "!?", "!", and "!!". The chosen symbol is appended to the text describing the move (e.g. Re7? or Kh1!?); see Algebraic chess notation.

Use of these annotation symbols is subjective, as different annotators use the same symbols differently or for a different reason.
Tim Taylor Award (NCAA)
The Tim Taylor Award is an award given out to the NCAA Division I player judged to be the most outstanding freshman. The annual award was first received by Andreas Nödl after the conclusion of the 2006–07 season.

Shortly after his succumbing to cancer, the NCAA renamed the 'National Rookie of the Year Award' after long-time Yale head coach Tim Taylor. Starting in 2013–14 the honor was renamed the 'Tim Taylor Award'. ECAC Hockey already confers an award with the same name, given each year to the conference Coach of the Year. It was renamed in Taylor's honor in 2007.

Andreas Nödl
Andreas Nödl (born February 28, 1987) is an Austrian former professional ice hockey player. He last served as captain of the Vienna Capitals of the Austrian Hockey League (EBEL). He previously played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Philadelphia Flyers and Carolina Hurricanes.
Jake Evans (baseball)
Uriah L. P. "Bloody Jake" Evans (September 22, 1856 – January 16, 1907) was an American right fielder in Major League Baseball from 1879 to 1885. Evans played for the Troy Trojans, Worcester Ruby Legs, Cleveland Blues, and Baltimore Orioles. He was 5 feet 8 inches (1.73 m) tall and weighed 154 pounds (70 kg).

Right fielder
A right fielder, abbreviated RF, is the outfielder in baseball or softball who plays defense in right field. Right field is the area of the outfield to the right of a person standing at home plate and facing towards the pitcher's mound. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the right fielder is assigned the number 9.
Marek Niit
Marek Niit (born 9 August 1987, in Kuressaare) is a sprinter from Estonia who won a gold medal at the  200 metres at the 2006 World Junior Championships in Athletics in Beijing, China. He is also the current national record holder in 100 metres, 200 meters and 400 meters.

Competing for the Arkansas Razorbacks track and field team, Niit won the 2012 and 2013 4 × 400 meter relay at the NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships.

2006 World Junior Championships in Athletics
The 2006 World Junior Championships in Athletics were the 2006 version of the World Junior Championships in Athletics. It was held from 15 August to 20 August at the Chaoyang Sports Centre in Beijing, the capital of the People's Republic of China.

The Championships were dominated by the host nation China, and Kenya. The United States showed a near complete domination in the relay events. Estonia won four gold medals; their first medals ever at the World Junior Championships.
2024 WAFU Zone A U-20 Women's Cup
The 2024 WAFU Zone A U-20 Women's Cup is the 2nd edition of the WAFU Zone A U20 Women's Cup, the international women's youth football championship contested by the under-20 national teams of the member associations of the West African Football Union Zone A, The tournament is set to take place in Senegal from 20 to 30 May 2024.

Senegal are the title holders, having won last year's inaugural edition.

Senegal women's national under-20 football team
The Senegal women's national under-20 football team competes in international youth women's football tournaments. They qualified for the 2022 WAFU U20 Women's Cup, which took place in Ghana. In the African U-20 World Cup qualification, they reached the semi-finals but lost to Nigeria, who won with a 7-2 aggregate score.