hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Outline of Peru
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Peru:

Peru – country located in  western South America, on the Pacific Coast, north of Chile. Peruvian territory was home to several ancient cultures. Ranging from the Norte Chico civilization in the 32nd century BC, the oldest civilization in the Americas and one of the five cradles of civilization, to the Inca Empire, the largest state in pre-Columbian America, the territory now including Peru has one of the longest histories of civilization of any country, tracing its heritage back to the 4th millennia BCE. The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and established a Viceroyalty, which included most of its South American colonies. After achieving independence in 1821, Peru has undergone periods of political unrest and fiscal crisis as well as periods of stability and economic upswing.

Economic history of Peru
The industries of the economy of Peru arose in response to the country's rich natural resources. During the regime of the Inca Empire, the economy was centrally planned, and labour was mandatory. Spanish explorers held the Incan system in much regard.

Today, Peru has important mineral resources, which are found throughout its mountainous and coastal regions. The country is the world's second-largest producer of silver and copper. From 2016 to 2017, mining output increased, helping Peru attain one of the highest GDP growth rates in Latin America. Peru's prominent industries include mining, farming, fishing, and agriculture.
Durga Das Boro
Durga Das Boro   is an Indian politician and member of  Bodoland People's Front from Assam.  He is an MLA, elected from the Kalaigaon Assembly constituency in the 2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election. Earlier, he was elected from Panery Assembly constituency in the 1985 Assam Legislative Assembly election.

Kalaigaon Assembly constituency
Kalaigaon Assembly constituency was one of the 126 assembly constituencies of Assam Legislative Assembly. Kalaigaon formed part of the Mangaldoi Lok Sabha constituency.

This constituency was abolished in 2023.
August House
August House is an independent children's book publisher established in 1978 and currently headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. August House principally focuses on publishing children's folktales, picture books, early-grade chapter books, and storytelling resource materials. August House also manages two imprints: Story Cove, an interactive picture book and multimedia series geared towards helping teachers meet classroom Common Core Standards for reading, and LittleFolk, August House's picture book line.

August House is home to authors Margaret Read MacDonald, Donald Davis, Martha Hamilton, Mitch Weiss, Willy Claflin, Heather Forest, Rob Cleveland, W. C. Jameson, and Pleasant DeSpain, among others, as well as the award-winning picture-book series Maynard Moose.

Margaret Read MacDonald
Margaret Read MacDonald (born January 21, 1940) is an American storyteller, folklorist, and award-winning children's book author. She has published more than 65 books, of stories and about storytelling, which have been translated into many languages. She has performed internationally as a storyteller, is considered a "master storyteller", and has been dubbed a "grand dame of storytelling". She focuses on creating "tellable" folktale renditions, which enable readers to share folktales with children easily. MacDonald has been president of the National Storytelling Association and the Children's Folklore Section of the American Folklore Society.
Yaphu
Yaphu is a former village development committee currently located in Makalu Rural Municipality of Sankhuwasabha District in the Koshi Province(Previously Kosi zone) of north-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2407 people living in 518 individual households.

Sankhuwasabha District
Sankhuwasabha District (Nepali: सङ्खुवासभा जिल्ला Listenⓘ)  is one of 14 districts of Koshi Province of eastern Nepal. The district's area is 3,480 km2 with a population of 159,203 in 2001 and 158,742 in 2011. The administrative center is Khandbari.

Bordering districts are Bhojpur, Tehrathum, Dhankuta, Solukhumbu and Taplejung in Koshi Province. Tingri County of Shigatse Prefecture in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China borders to the north.
Your Surrender
"Your Surrender" is the third single from American rock band Neon Trees' debut album Habits. It was written by S*A*M, Sluggo, Tyler Glenn and produced by Tim Pagnotta. It was released on February 22, 2011. The song peaked at number 27 on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart and number 50 on the Billboard Rock Songs chart. A remix version of "Your Surrender" by JD Walker was featured in the Disney film Prom and its soundtrack.

Neon Trees
Neon Trees are an American rock band founded in Provo, Utah. The band received nationwide exposure in late 2008 when they opened several North American tour dates for the band the Killers. Not long after, the band was signed by Mercury Records. Their first single, "Animal", climbed to No. 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 1 on the Alternative Songs chart.

Since their formation, Neon Trees has released five studio albums: Habits (2010), Picture Show (2012), Pop Psychology (2014), I Can Feel You Forgetting Me (2020), and Sink Your Teeth (2024). The band has also released eight EPs (two exclusive to iTunes) and fourteen singles.
August 26 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
August 25 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - August 27

All fixed commemorations below are observed on September 8 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For August 26, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on August 13.

Adrian and Natalia of Nicomedia
Adrian of Nicomedia (also known as Hadrian) or Saint Adrian (Greek: Ἁδριανὸς Νικομηδείας, romanized: Adrianos Nikomēdeias, died 4 March 306) was a Herculian Guard of the Roman Emperor Galerius. After becoming a convert to Christianity with his wife Natalia (Ναταλία), Adrian was martyred at Nicomedia in Asia-Minor             (Turkey). Adrian was the chief military saint of Northern Europe for many ages, second only to Saint George, and is much revered in Flanders, Germany and the north of France.
Celia (slave)
Celia (c. 1835 – December 21, 1855) was an enslaved woman who was convicted of murdering her enslaver, Robert Newsom, in Callaway County, Missouri. Her defense team, led by John Jameson, argued an affirmative defense: Celia killed Robert Newsom by accident in self-defense to stop Newsom from raping her, which was a controversial argument at the time. Celia was ultimately executed by hanging following a denied appeal in December 1855. Celia's memory was revitalized by civil rights activist Margaret Bush Wilson who commissioned a portrait of Celia from Solomon Thurman.

Celia was posthumously pardoned by Governor Mike Parson on December 20, 2024.

Affirmative defense
An affirmative defense to a civil lawsuit or criminal charge is a fact or set of facts other than those alleged by the plaintiff or prosecutor which, if proven by the defendant, defeats or mitigates the legal consequences of the defendant's otherwise unlawful conduct. In civil lawsuits, affirmative defenses include the statute of limitations, the statute of frauds, waiver, and other affirmative defenses such as, in the United States, those listed in Rule 8 (c) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. In criminal prosecutions, examples of affirmative defenses are self defense, insanity, entrapment and the statute of limitations.
Amanda Montejano
Amanda Montejano Cantoral is a Mexican mathematician specializing in combinatorics, and particularly in the application of graph coloring to geometric graphs. She is a professor at the Juriquilla campus of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, in the Multidisciplinary Unit of Teaching and Research of the Faculty of Sciences.

Geometric graph theory
Geometric graph theory in the broader sense is a large and amorphous subfield of graph theory, concerned with graphs defined by geometric means. In a stricter sense, geometric graph theory studies combinatorial and geometric properties of geometric graphs, meaning graphs drawn in the Euclidean plane with possibly intersecting straight-line edges, and topological graphs, where the edges are allowed to be arbitrary continuous curves connecting the vertices; thus, it can be described as "the theory of geometric and topological graphs" (Pach 2013). Geometric graphs are also known as spatial networks.
James Collings Jr. House
The James Collings Jr. House, in Bear Lake County, Idaho, was built in 1876.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

It was built by carpenter James Collings, Sr., with elements of Greek Revival style, including eave returns.

Its nomination describes it as "one of the purest examples in Paris of the pioneers' impulse to reproduce the aesthetic trappings of the environment left behind in an effort to 'civilize' the new place. It also appears to be one of the few folk-form residences in the state to exhibit such a relatively academic style in its decorative scheme, and to do so with such confidence."

The nomination includes an "inside-out" granary (a frame structure with studs on the outside) as a contributing building in the listing.

It is located on the east side of U.S. Route 89, approximately a mile south of Paris.

Bear Lake County, Idaho
Bear Lake County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 United States census the county had a population of 6,372. The county seat is Paris, and Montpelier is the largest city.

The county is named after Bear Lake, a large lake at an elevation of 5,924 feet (1,806 m) above sea level. The northern half of the 20-mile-long (32-kilometer) lake is in Idaho, the southern half in Utah. The county was established in 1875 in the Idaho Territory, fifteen years before statehood.
Melika Mohammadi
Melika Mohammadi (Persian: ملیکه محمدی, 28 March 2000 – 24 December 2023) was an Iranian footballer who played as a right back or centre back for the Iran women's national team. She played for Bam Khatoon F.C. in the Kowsar Women Football League.

Bam Khatoon F.C.
Bam Khatoon Women's Football Club (Persian: باشگاه فوتبال زنان خاتون بم, Bashgah-e Futbal-e Zenan-e Xatun Bem) formerly Shahrdari Bam, is an Iranian professional women's football club based in Bam which plays in the Kowsar Women Football League. It also qualified for the inaugural AFC Women's Champions League.

The club is the most titled of the Iranian women league, having won 11 championships.
The Girl in the Taxi (play)
The Girl in the Taxi is a three-act musical comedy written by Stanislaus Stange, with music by Benjamin Hapgood Burt. Set in New York City, it is one of several adaptations of Le Fils à papa, a French comedy by Antony Mars and Maurice Desvallières. The 1910 Broadway production was produced by Albert H. Woods and directed by Carter DeHaven; the latter of whom also performed the role of Bertie Stewart.

A. H. Woods
Albert Herman Woods (born Aladore Herman; January 3, 1870 – April 24, 1951) was an American theatrical producer. He produced over 140 plays on Broadway, including some of the most successful shows of the period, sometimes under the name of the production company Al Woods Ltd. Woods built the Eltinge Theatre on Broadway, named for one of his most successful and profitable stars, the female impersonator Julian Eltinge.
Pristipomoides filamentosus
Pristipomoides filamentosus, also known as the crimson jobfish, rosy snapper, bluespot jobfish, crimson snapper, king emperor, king snapper or rosy jobfish, is a species of ray-finned fish, a snapper belonging to the family Lutjanidae. It is found in the Indian Ocean and in the Pacific Ocean as far east as Hawaii and Tahiti. This species is very important to local commercial fisheries and is sought out as a game fish--one of the Deep Seven species of Hawaiʻi.

Game fish
Game fish, sport fish or quarry refer to popular fish species pursued by recreational fishers (typically anglers), and can be freshwater or saltwater fish.  Game fish can be eaten after being caught, preserved as taxidermy (though rare), or released after capture.  Some game fish are also targeted commercially, particularly less bony species such as salmon and tuna.

Specimens of game fish whose measurements (body length and weight) significantly exceed the species' average are sometimes known as trophy fish, as such captures are often presented as bragging rights among fishers.
Sam language
Sam, or Songum, is a Madang language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.

It is spoken in Songum (5°30′28″S 145°51′04″E﻿ / ﻿5.50779°S 145.851042°E﻿ / -5.50779; 145.851042﻿ (Songum)), Buan, and Wongbe villages in Astrolabe Bay Rural LLG.

'Sam' is the word for 'language'. 'Songum' is a village name.

Madang languages
The Madang or Madang–Adelbert Range languages are a language family of Papua New Guinea. They were classified as a branch of Trans–New Guinea by Stephen Wurm, followed by Malcolm Ross. William A. Foley concurs that it is "highly likely" that the Madang languages are part of TNG, although the pronouns, the usual basis for classification in TNG, have been "replaced" in Madang. Timothy Usher finds that Madang is closest to the Upper Yuat River languages and other families to its west, but does not for now address whether this larger group forms part of the TNG family.

The family is named after Madang Province and the Adelbert Range.
Arturo Salazar
Arturo Israel Salazar Martínez (born January 3, 1988), known as Arturo Salazar, is a professional squash player who represented Mexico. He reached a career-high world ranking of World No. 36 in January 2011. He won two gold medals and a bronze at the 2011 Pan American Games, in the Doubles, Team and Singles events. His twin brother César Orlando Salazar Martínez is also a professional squash player.

Squash at the 2011 Pan American Games – Men's team
The men's team competition of the squash events at the 2011 Pan American Games will be held from October 18 to 20 at the Squash Complex in Guadalajara, Mexico. The defending Pan American Games champion is the team from Colombia (Javier Castilla, Miguel Rodríguez and Bernardo Samper).
Across the Sea (film)
Across the Sea (French: La mer au loin) is a drama film, directed by Saïd Hamich Benlarbi and released in 2024.

Told as a triptych with each chapter named after one of the three main characters, the film centres on a love triangle that develops between Nour (Ayoub Gretaa), a young man from Morocco who came to Marseille as an illegal immigrant in the 1990s; Serge (Grégoire Colin), a closeted bisexual police officer who takes pity on Nour and helps him get set up with a stable life rather than arresting or deporting him; and Noémie (Anna Mouglalis), Serge's wife who initiates an extramarital affair with Nour after years of quietly putting up with Serge cheating on her with other men.

The cast also includes Omar Boulakirba, Rym Foglia, Sarah Henochsberg and Ali Mehdi Moulai in supporting roles.

Triptych
A triptych (/ˈtrɪptɪk/ TRIP-tik) is a work of art (usually a panel painting) that is divided into three sections, or three carved panels that are hinged together and can be folded shut or displayed open. It is therefore a type of polyptych, the term for all multi-panel works. The middle panel is typically the largest and flanked by two smaller related works, although there are triptychs of equal-sized panels. The form can also be used for pendant jewelry.

Beyond its usual meaning in the visual arts, the term is sometimes used as a title or descriptive term in other arts media such as music or the performing arts for works with three parts.
Jim Case (baseball)
Jim Case (born January 28, 1960) is an American college baseball coach who formerly served as head coach of the Jacksonville State Gamecocks baseball team.  He held that position from 2002 until his retirement in 2023.  He played at Louisiana Tech, earning all-conference honors as a catcher before serving as a student assistant coach for one season while completing his undergraduate degree.  He then became an assistant at Mississippi State where he completed a master's degree before moving to UAB.  After ten years, he returned to Mississippi State for a second stint before earning his first head coaching job at Jacksonville State.

Jacksonville State Gamecocks baseball
The Jacksonville State Gamecocks baseball team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of Jacksonville State University in Jacksonville, Alabama, United States. The team is a member of Conference USA, which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I. Previously the Gamecocks were members of the ASUN. The Gamecocks play home games at Rudy Abbott Field in Jacksonville, Alabama. They are coached by Steve Bieser.
Fort Worth Aviation Museum
The Fort Worth Aviation Museum is an aviation museum located next to Meacham International Airport in  Fort Worth, Texas. The museum was rebranded in 2013 and was previously known as the Veterans Memorial Air Park.

Aviation museum
An aviation museum, air museum, or air and space museum is a museum exhibiting the history and artifacts of aviation. In addition to actual, replica or accurate reproduction aircraft, exhibits can include photographs, maps, models, dioramas, clothing and equipment used by aviators.
Flag of Cantabria
The flag of the Spanish region of Cantabria is made up of two horizontal stripes of equal width, white on the top and red on the bottom, and the region's coat of arms in its centre. The design is established in the text of the Autonomy Statute, except for the coat of arms, which was established by a Law of the Regional Assembly approved on 30 December 1981. The design traces its lineage to the ship registration flag of the maritime province of Santander, assigned by Royal Order on 30 July 1845.

In 2016, the Parliament of Cantabria also recognized the Cantabrian labarum as a symbol of the Cantabrian people, urging the institutions and civil society of Cantabria to promote its use. Most townships have already accepted the proposition of using said flag placing it on the balcony of the Town Hall.

Cantabrian people
The Cantabrians (Cantabrian and Spanish: cántabros) are the people who inhabit the autonomous community of Cantabria, in northern Spain. They are sometimes referred to as montañeses (meaning Highlanders). The traditional dialects in this region, known as Cantabru or Montañés, are related to the Astur-Leonese languages.
Heinz Winkler (politician)
Heinz Winkler (7 July 1910 – 25 June 1958) was a German politician and architect who served as Minister for Development (German: Minister für Aufbau) in East Germany from 1953 to 1958. He became a member of the Christian Democratic Union in 1948.

Winkler was born in Chemnitz, Saxony. He was trained as an architect. In 1938 he joined the Nazi Party. From 1941 to 1945 he was a Wehrmacht soldier. Until 1953 Winkler was the leader of a reconstruction bureau, responsible for the reconstruction of the city of Chemnitz.

From 1953 to 1958 Winkler was the head of the architectural bureau that designed the new East German city of Stalinstadt (re-named Eisenhüttenstadt in 1960).

From 1954 Winkler was a member of the Executive Committee of the CDU and since 1956 a member of the Presidium of the CDU.

Winkler died after a car accident.

Eisenhüttenstadt
Eisenhüttenstadt (German pronunciation: [aɪzn̩ˈhʏtn̩ʃtat] ⓘ; lit. 'ironworks city') is a town in the Oder-Spree district of Brandenburg, Germany. It is located at the confluence of the Oder–Spree Canal and the River Oder on the border with Poland. Eisenhüttenstadt was founded as a planned city by East Germany in 1950, as a socialist model city and a state-owned steel mill complex. It was known as Stalinstadt (Lower Sorbian: Stalinměsto) between 1953 and 1961, in honor of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, and received its current name during the de-Stalinization campaign.
Northeastern (Althing constituency)
Northeastern (Icelandic: Norðurlandi eystra) was one of the multi-member constituencies of the Althing, the national legislature of Iceland. The constituency was established in 1959 following the nationwide extension of proportional representation for elections to the Althing. It was abolished in 2003 following the re-organisation of constituencies across Iceland when it was merged with the Eastern constituency to form the Northeast constituency. Northeastern was conterminous with the Northeastern region.

Ingvar Gíslason
Ingvar Gíslason (28 March 1926 – 17 August 2022) was an Icelandic politician, the minister of education, science and culture from 1980 to 1983 and a speaker of the lower house of the Althing.

He died on 17 August 2022, at the age of 96.
Levitz Family Farm
Levitz Family Farm is a national historic district located at Grahamsville in Sullivan County, New York.  The district includes six contributing buildings, one contributing site, and two contributing structures.  They include a farmhouse, dairy barn, milk houses, brooder house, chicken coops, garage, and well house.  They were once associated with two farms that were combined in the 1940s.  The farmhouse was built in 1913 and is a 2-story, three-by-two-bay, wood-frame building on a stone foundation.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

Sullivan County, New York
Sullivan County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 78,624. The county seat is Monticello. The county's name honors Major General John Sullivan, who was labeled at the time as a hero in the American Revolutionary War in part due to his successful campaign in destroying 40 Iroquois villages and chasing 5,000 of them out of the area (see Sullivan Expedition). The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state.

The county was the site of hundreds of Borscht Belt hotels and resorts, which had their heyday from the 1920s through the 1970s.

In 2010, the state's center of population was at the southern edge of Sullivan County.
In Europe (Jack DeJohnette album)
In Europe is a live album by Jack DeJohnette and New Directions, recorded in June 1979 and released on ECM Records in September 1980. The quartet features trumpeter Lester Bowie, guitarist John Abercrombie, and bassist Eddie Gómez.

ECM Records
ECM (Edition of Contemporary Music) is an independent record label founded by Karl Egger, Manfred Eicher and Manfred Scheffner in Munich in 1969. While ECM is best known for jazz music, the label has released a variety of recordings, and ECM's artists often refuse to acknowledge boundaries between genres. ECM's motto is "the most beautiful sound next to silence", taken from a 1971 review of ECM releases in Coda, a Canadian jazz magazine.

ECM has been distributed in the U.S. by Warner Bros. Records, PolyGram Records, BMG, and, since 1999, Universal Music, the successor of PolyGram, worldwide. Its album covers were profiled in two books: Sleeves of Desire and Windfall Light, both published by Lars Müller.
Corran Point Lighthouse
Corran Point Lighthouse is an active lighthouse located at Corran Point on the west side of the Narrows of Loch Linnhe, in Lochaber, Highland, Scotland. It was built in 1860 as a project by Thomas Stevenson and David Stevenson; it is a masonry tower with gallery, lantern and keeper's house which has become private property. The lighthouse emits an isophase light white, red or green according to the directions and was the first lighthouse to be automated in 1898.

Thomas Stevenson
Thomas Stevenson PRSE MInstCE FRSSA FSAScot (22 July 1818 – 8 May 1887) was a pioneering Scottish civil engineer, lighthouse designer and meteorologist, who designed over thirty lighthouses in and around Scotland, as well as the Stevenson screen used in meteorology. His designs, celebrated as ground breaking, ushered in a new era of lighthouse creation.

He served as president of the Royal Scottish Society of Arts (1859–60), as president of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1884–86), and was a co-founder of the Scottish Meteorological Society.

He was the father of writer Robert Louis Stevenson.