hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
T Pyxidis
T Pyxidis (T Pyx) is a recurrent nova
and nova remnant in the constellation Pyxis. It is a binary star system and its distance is estimated at 4,783 parsecs (15,600 light-years) from Earth. It contains a Sun-like star and a white dwarf. Because of their close proximity and the larger mass of the white dwarf, the latter draws matter from the larger, less massive star. The influx of matter on the white dwarf's surface causes periodic thermonuclear explosions to occur.

The usual apparent magnitude of this star system is 15.5, but there have been observed eruptions with maximal apparent magnitude of about 7.0 in the years 1890, 1902, 1920, 1944, 1966 and 2011. Evidence seems to indicate that T Pyxidis may have increased in mass despite the nova eruptions, and is now close to the Chandrasekhar limit when it might explode as a supernova. When a white dwarf reaches this limit it will collapse under its own weight and cause a Type Ia supernova.

Chandrasekhar limit
The Chandrasekhar limit (/ˌtʃəndrəˈʃeɪkər/) is the maximum mass of a stable white dwarf star. These stars resist gravitational collapse primarily through electron degeneracy pressure, compared to main sequence stars, which resist collapse through thermal pressure. The Chandrasekhar limit is the mass above which electron degeneracy pressure in the star's core is insufficient to balance the star's own gravitational self-attraction. The value of the Chandrasekhar limit depends upon the ratio of the number of electrons to nucleons (neutrons plus protons) in the star. For small stars this ratio is around 1/2 and the limit is  about 1.44 M☉ (2.765×1030 kg). The limit was named after Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar who won the 1983 Nobel prize together with William Alfred Fowler for work on stellar models.
Culture vs. Copyright
Culture vs. Copyright: A Diary of a Naïve Philosopher is a philosophical diary by the Ukrainian American scholar Anatoly G. Volynets, published in 2014. It is Volynets' first book, consisting of dialogues among five first graders alternated with the thoughts of their teacher – the Naïve Philosopher of the subtitle – thoughts written in Volynets' own voice. The dialogues explore philosophical, psychological, economical and other aspects of intellectual property in its relations with culture and civilization.

In general, the author is opposed to copyright, and also opposes all kinds of intellectual property, including but not limited to patents, trademarks, trade secrets, among others. Volynets' theory is they all do not serve the purpose they claim but do just the opposite, that is, they strip incentives from creators and inhibit "progress of Science and Useful arts", as specified in the United States Constitution, Article I, Section 8, Clause 8, often called the "Copyright Clause".

Copyright Clause
The Copyright Clause (also known as the Intellectual Property Clause, Copyright and Patent Clause, or the Progress Clause) describes an enumerated power listed in the United States Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 8).

The clause, which is the basis of copyright and patent laws in the United States, states that:

[the United States Congress shall have power] To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries.
Bruton High School
Bruton High School is a high school located north of Williamsburg in the unincorporated community of Lightfoot in York County, Virginia.

The school opened in 1976. It is part of the York County School Division, serving upper county citizens in Williamsburg. Athletic teams compete in the Virginia High School League's AA Bay Rivers District in Region I. Bruton houses the York County School of the Arts, the county's fine arts magnet program.

Virginia High School League
The Virginia High School League (VHSL) is the principal sanctioning organization for interscholastic athletic competition among public high schools in the U.S. state of Virginia. The VHSL first sponsored debate and also continues to sponsor state championships in several academic activities.

Private and religious schools and teams of homeschooled students belong to other sanctioning organizations, the largest of which is the Virginia Independent Schools Athletic Association.  Proposals in the Virginia General Assembly to mandate that the VHSL allow homeschooled students to compete for the public high school they would otherwise attend have failed to pass.
Kevin Barry
Kevin Gerard Barry (20 January 1902 – 1 November 1920) was an Irish Republican Army (IRA) soldier and medical student who was executed by the British Government during the Irish War of Independence. He was sentenced to death for his part in an attack upon a British Army supply lorry which resulted in the death of a  British soldier.

His execution inflamed nationalist public opinion in Ireland, largely because of his age. The timing of the execution, only seven days after the death by hunger strike of Terence MacSwiney, the republican Lord Mayor of Cork, brought public opinion to a fever-pitch. His pending death sentence attracted international attention, and attempts were made by U.S. and Vatican officials to secure a reprieve. His execution and MacSwiney's death precipitated an escalation in violence as the Irish War of Independence entered its bloodiest phase, and Barry became an Irish republican martyr.

Hunger strike
A hunger strike is a method of non-violent resistance where participants fast as an act of political protest, usually with the objective of achieving a specific goal, such as a policy change. Hunger strikers that do not take fluids are named dry hunger strikers.

In cases where an entity (usually the state) has or is able to obtain custody of the hunger striker (such as a prisoner), the hunger strike is often terminated by the custodial entity through the use of force-feeding.
Ian Burns (snooker player)
Ian Burns (born 11 March 1985) is an English professional snooker player.

Burns turned professional after qualifying in his first attempt at the 2012 Q School and gained a two-year tour card for the 2012/13 and 2013/14 snooker seasons. He won four matches in the event, concluding with a 4–3 victory over veteran Rod Lawler to seal his card. He finished outside top 64 after the 2022-23 season but retained his tour card as a result of being one of the top 4 players outside that range to have the most number of points on the one-year list.

2015–16 snooker season
The 2015–16 snooker season was a series of snooker tournaments played between 7 May 2015 and 2 May 2016.

The World Grand Prix became a ranking event featuring the top 32 players on a one-year money list, having been a non-ranking event the previous season.
Preeti Kaur
Preeti Kaur (Nepali: प्रिती कौर; born 26 April 1981) is a Nepalese-Punjabi pop singer. She has won the Shikhar Beat Contest as the best vocalist. She has released several songs with other artists and also as a solo act. Her first song was Jhan Jhan Badhyo. Kaur made her Bollywood career in 2012 with her song Promises from the movie Unforgettable. She participated in Startup Weekend Kathmandu on 12–14 September 2014. The idea pitched by her group, Natural Fertilizer and Waste Management, was chosen and the start-up idea won the first prize.
Kaur recently released her new single "Belly Dancer".

Nepalis
Nepali or Nepalese or Gorkhali (Nepali: नेपाली जनता) are the permanent citizens of Nepal under Nepali nationality law. The term Nepali strictly refers to nationality, meaning people holding citizenship of Nepal. Conversely, people without Nepalese citizenship but with roots in Nepal (such as Nepalese Australians), who speak Nepali or any of the other 128 Nepali languages but hold foreign citizenship, are referred to as Nepali-language Speaking Foreigners (Nepali: नेपाली भाषी विदेशी). The term Nepali is also not generally used to refer to non-citizen residents, dual citizens, or expatriates.

Nepal is a multicultural and multi-ethnic country. Bagmati Province is the most densely populated province, holding approximately 20.97 percent of Nepal's population.
Larry Christiansen
Larry Mark Christiansen (born June 27, 1956) is an American chess player of Danish ancestry. He was awarded the title Grandmaster by FIDE in 1977. Christiansen was the U.S. champion in 1980, 1983, and 2002. He competed in the FIDE World Championship in 1998 and 2002, and in the FIDE World Cup in 2013.

Chess World Cup 2013
The Chess World Cup 2013 was a 128-player single-elimination chess tournament, played between 11 August and 2 September 2013, in the hotel Scandic Tromsø in Tromsø, Norway. It was won by Vladimir Kramnik, who defeated Dmitry Andreikin 2½–1½ in the final match. The finalists qualified for the 2014 Candidates Tournament.

The winner of the Chess World Cup 2011, Peter Svidler, was defeated by Dmitry Andreikin in the quarter-finals.
Master of Pedret
Master of Pedret is the name given by historians to a Romanesque fresco painter active in Catalonia in the early twelfth century. The name has been given one of his most representative works, the right side of the apse of the church of San Quirze Pedret, now moved to the Museu Nacional d’Art de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.

Romanesque art
Romanesque art is the art of Europe from approximately 1000 AD to the rise of the Gothic style in the 12th century, or later depending on region. The preceding period is known as the Pre-Romanesque period. The term was invented by 19th-century art historians, especially for Romanesque architecture, which retained many basic features of Roman architectural style – most notably round-headed arches, but also barrel vaults, apses, and acanthus-leaf decoration – but had also developed many very different characteristics.

In southern France, Spain, and Italy there was an architectural continuity with the Late Antique, but the Romanesque style was the first style to spread across the whole of Catholic Europe, from Sicily to Scandinavia. Romanesque art was also greatly influenced by Byzantine art, especially in painting, and by the anti-classical energy of the decoration of the Insular art of the British Isles. From these elements was forged a highly innovative and coherent style.
Pyrophosphatase
Pyrophosphatases, also known as diphosphatases, are acid anhydride hydrolases that act upon diphosphate bonds.

Examples include:

Inorganic pyrophosphatase, which acts upon the free pyrophosphate ion

Tobacco acid pyrophosphatase, which catalyses the hydrolysis of a phosphoric ester

Various organic pyrophosphatases, which act upon organic molecules with the pyrophosphate group (but excluding triphosphatases that act on the final bond):
Thiamine pyrophosphatase

Tobacco acid pyrophosphatase
Tobacco Acid Pyrophosphatase (TAP) is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a phosphoric ester bond in a broad spectrum of molecules, including the 5'-end of mRNA.

During mRNA maturation the 5' triphosphate of the new mRNA molecule is rapidly removed. The diphosphate 5' end then attacks the α-phosphorus atom of a methylated GTP to form a very unusual 5'-5' triphosphate linkage, called cap. In molecular biology, TAP is used to hydrolyse a phosphodiester bond of this particular structure and release a mRNA molecule with only one phosphate group in the 5'-end, for instance in protocols for RACE (Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends).

Commercial production of TAP was discontinued in 2015, however Cap-Clip acid pyrophosphatase has been found to perform nearly identically in genome-wide studies.
Sindhu Bath
Sindhu Bath is a 1995 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by Balu Anand. The film stars Mansoor Ali Khan, Kasthuri and Sanghavi, with R. Sundarrajan, Senthil, Rajan P. Dev, Kovai Sarala and Jai Ganesh playing supporting roles. It was released on 15 September 1995, and failed at the box office.

Senthil
Senthil (born 23 March 1951) is an Indian comedy actor who works in Tamil cinema. He is famous for his comedian roles along with fellow actor Goundamani. The pair dominated the Tamil industry as comedians in the 1980s and 90s. They were described as "Tamil cinema's Laurel and Hardy."
Minneriya Garrison
The Minneriya Garrison is a common name used for collection of military bases of the Sri Lanka Army located in and around the Minneriya in the North Central Province. It is home to the several training centers of the army, including the Infantry Training Centre and the School of Artillery of the Sri Lanka Artillery. SLAF Hingurakgoda is situated in close proximity.

The garrison was established in the 1980s and expanded with the rapid growth of the army in the 1980s and 1990s with escalation of the Sri Lankan Civil War. Apart from serving as training grounds for infantry and artillery, the garrison served as command headquarters and forward staging area for military operations.

North Central Province, Sri Lanka
North Central Province (Sinhala: උතුරු මැද පළාත Uturumæda Paḷāta, Tamil: வட மத்திய மாகாணம் Vada Mattiya Mākāṇam) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka.  The province has an area of 10,472 km2, making it the largest province by area, and a population of 1,266,663, making it the 3rd least populated province. Anuradhapura is the capital city of the province.
2015 Campeonato Acreano
The 2015 Campeonato Acriano de Futebol was the 69th edition of the Acre's top professional football league. The competition began on 1 March and ended on 27 June. Rio Branco won the championship for the 45th time.

Rio Branco Football Club
Rio Branco Football Club, commonly referred to as Rio Branco, is a Brazilian professional club based in Rio Branco, Acre founded on 8 June 1919. It competes in the Campeonato Acreano, the top flight of the Acre state football league.

It is the most successful club in Acre, having won a record 47 state titles, 31 of those being won in the amateur era. Rio Branco also took part in the national league in 21 seasons, the most of any club from the state. It is also the first Northern Brazil and the only club from Acre to play in a continental cup, featuring in the 1997 Copa CONMEBOL after winning the Copa Norte in the same year.

Rio Branco's highest national league finish was achieved in 1989, when they finished 16th in the Brazilian Série B. The club's home colours are red and white and the team mascot is the Altaneira star, a symbol from the Acre state flag.

Rio Branco is currently ranked third among Acre teams in CBF's national club ranking, at 98th place overall.
Hans-Joachim Schäfers
Hans-Joachim Schäfers (born 1957) is a German surgeon, as well as cardiac, thoracic, and vascular surgeon and university professor. He is director of the department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery at the Saarland University Medical Center in Homburg/Saar, Germany. He is known for his activities in aortic valve repair, aortic surgery, and pulmonary endarterectomy.

Saarland University
Saarland University (German: Universität des Saarlandes, pronounced [univɛʁziˈtɛːt dɛs ˈzaːɐ̯landəs]) is a public research university located in Saarbrücken, the capital of the German state of Saarland. It was founded in 1948 in Homburg in co-operation with France and is organized in six faculties that cover all major fields of science.  In 2007, the university was recognized as an excellence center for computer science in Germany.

Thanks to bilingual German and French staff, the university has an international profile, which has been underlined by its proclamation as "European University" in 1950 and by establishment of Europa-Institut as its "crown and symbol" in 1951.

Ten academics have been honored with the highest German research prize, the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize, while working at Saarland University.
Let It Go (DJ Khaled song)
"Let It Go" (stylized in all caps) is a song by American record producer DJ Khaled, featuring Canadian singer Justin Bieber and British-American rapper 21 Savage. It was released on May 10, 2021, as the second single from Khaled's twelfth studio album, Khaled Khaled. Khaled, Bieber, and Savage wrote the song with producer SkipOnDaBeat, while the song was also produced by Al Cres.  Deemed a "fun" song, it is supported by bouncy production and playful lyrics about not worrying over what cannot be controlled and, instead, "let it go".

Al Cres
Almando Cresso, better known by his stage names Al Cres and Don Wolfe, is an American songwriter and record producer who contributed to Beyoncé album Renaissance, co-writing "Energy", as well as various Beam projects, albums from gospel artist Trip Lee, and DJ Khaled album Khaled Khaled.
HMS Tyrian
Five ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Tyrian:

HMS Tyrian (1808) was a 10-gun Cherokee-class brig-sloop launched in 1808 and sold in 1819.

HMS Tyrian (1826) was a 10-gun Cherokee-class brig-sloop launched in 1826 that became a Post Office Packet Service packet, sailing out of Falmouth, Cornwall. She was used as a quarantine hulk from 1847, a coastguard depot ship from 1866, and was sold in 1892.

HMS Tyrian (1861) was a Britomart-class wooden screw gunboat launched in 1861, used as a tug from 1883 and was sold in 1891.

HMS Tyrian (1919) was an S-class destroyer launched in 1919 and scrapped in 1930.

HMS Tyrian (R67) was a T-class destroyer launched in 1942. She was converted to a Type 16 frigate between 1951 and 1952, and was scrapped in 1965.

S and T-class destroyer
The S and T class was a class of sixteen destroyers of the Royal Navy launched in 1942–1943. They were built as two flotillas, known as the 5th and 6th Emergency Flotilla, and they served as fleet and convoy escorts in World War II.
Portrait of Francesco Giamberti
Portrait of Francesco Giamberti is an oil on panel painting by Piero di Cosimo, executed c. 1485, now in the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam. The background details show the influence of Hugo van der Goes.

Its subject was a legnaioulo or furniture carver who worked for Cosimo the Elder and the Medici and also composed music for them, carving a musical score into the base of one of the pieces of furniture they commissioned from him. He probably also worked for the papacy. He also founded a major Tuscan family of architects and artists who assumed the name Sangallo, possibly after property they owned at the San Gallo gate of Florence - Giuliano da Sangallo and Antonio da Sangallo the Elder were his sons and Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, Bastiano da Sangallo and Francesco da Sangallo were his grandsons. It was Giuliano who commissioned Piero di Cosimo to produce a double portrait of himself and his father, probably using a death mask for the latter.

Hugo van der Goes
Hugo van der Goes (c. 1430/1440 – 1482) was a Flemish painter who was one of the most significant and original Early Netherlandish painters of the late 15th century. Van der Goes was an important painter of altarpieces as well as portraits. He introduced important innovations in painting through his monumental style, use of a specific colour range and individualistic manner of portraiture. From 1483 onwards, the presence of his masterpiece, the Portinari Triptych, in Florence played a role in the development of realism and the use of colour in Italian Renaissance art.
Vanuatu at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Vanuatu is participating in the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, United Kingdom, from August 29 to September 9, 2012. The country initially hoped to send athletes to compete in wheelchair tennis and track and field. Ultimately, however, its delegation was to consist in only one athlete, Marcel Houssimoli, in three sprinting events. He was the country's flag-bearer during the Games' opening ceremony.

2012 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony
The 2012 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony was held on 29 August 2012, starting at 20:30 BST and marking the official opening of the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, England. The show, named Enlightenment, had Jenny Sealey and Bradley Hemmings as its artistic directors, leading a team that included Jon Bausor as set designer and Moritz Junge as costume designer. Queen Elizabeth II officially opened the Games. The ceremony was performed in the Olympic Stadium in London in front of a capacity audience of 80,000 people.
Günther Brandt
Günther Brandt (1 October 1898 – 4 July 1973) was a German anthropologist and political activist during the Nazi era.

Following World War I, Brandt joined the "Marinebrigade Ehrhardt" and fought with the Freikorps in the Spartacist uprising of the German Revolution in Berlin, and in the Silesian Uprisings against the Poles and Polish Silesians of Upper Silesia. In 1921 he joined the Nazi Party and was involved in the assassination of the Foreign Minister Walther Rathenau in June 1922. He was sentenced to four years imprisonment in 1925. He was released early and studied medicine from 1926 to 1932 in Kiel, Berlin and Munich.

Brandt was also an SS officer with the final rank of Obersturmbannführer. During World War II, he served in the Kriegsmarine and was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.

Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia (Polish: Górny Śląsk [ˈɡurnɨ ˈɕlɔ̃sk] ⓘ ; Silesian: Gůrny Ślůnsk, Gōrny Ślōnsk; Czech: Horní Slezsko; German: Oberschlesien [ˈoːbɐˌʃleːzi̯ən] ⓘ ; Silesian German: Oberschläsing; Latin: Silesia Superior) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia, located today mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic. The area is predominantly known for its heavy industry (mining and metallurgy).
Makinson Island
Makinson Island is one of three islands in Lake Tohopekaliga, Osceola County, Florida. It was purchased by the State of Florida on December 31, 1998, in cooperation with the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC), The Trust for Public Land and Osceola County. Ownership was transferred to FWC on October 6, 1999. The park is managed by Osceola County as a natural refuge with trails, primitive camping sites, and a pavilion. The island was planned to be developed into timeshares before it was purchased by the state. The island came with a derelict 34-passenger boat that was restored by Walt Disney World Resort and Mercury Marine and named "Spirit of Osceola".

Timeshare
A timeshare (sometimes called a vacation ownership or vacation club) is a property with a divided form of ownership or use rights. These properties are typically resort condominium units, in which multiple parties hold rights to use the property, and each owner of the same accommodation is allotted their period of time. Units may be sold as a partial ownership, lease, or "right to use", in which case the latter holds no claim to ownership of the property. The ownership of timeshare programs is varied, and has been changing over the decades. The timeshare market has been subject to criticism.
Banner Lane
Banner Lane was the site of a wartime shadow factory in Coventry, England, run by Standard Motor Company and dedicated to making Bristol Hercules aero engines. The war-surplus plant was taken over by Standard in 1946 to make Ferguson tractors and it was made Standard's registered office. After  the 1959 sale of Standard's part-ownership of the tractor partnership to Massey Ferguson, it became Massey Ferguson's base for tractor-building operations until production ceased in 2002 and the site was redeveloped for housing.

Bristol Hercules
The Bristol Hercules is a 14-cylinder two-row radial aircraft engine designed by Sir Roy Fedden and produced by the Bristol Engine Company starting in 1939. It was the most numerous of their single sleeve valve (Burt-McCollum, or Argyll, type) designs, powering many aircraft in the mid-World War II timeframe.

The Hercules powered a number of aircraft types, including Bristol's own Beaufighter heavy fighter design, although it was more commonly used on bombers. The Hercules also saw use in civilian designs, culminating in the 735 and 737 engines for such as the Handley Page Hastings C1 and C3 and Bristol Freighter. The design was also licensed for production in France by SNECMA.