hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gardermoen, Norway
Gardermoen is an area at the border of the municipalities Nannestad and Ullensaker in Akershus, Norway. In 1998, it had a population of 259 people. Oslo Airport, Gardermoen, Gardermoen Air Station, Norwegian Armed Forces Aircraft Collection and Oslo Airport Station (train station) are located in the area.

Gardermoen is a compound of the farm name Garder and the finite form of mo m 'moor; drill ground' (thus 'the moor belonging to the farm Garder'). The farm was first mentioned in 1328 (Garðar), and the name is the plural of Norse garðr m 'fence'. The meaning is probably 'enclosure; fenced fields'.

Oslo Airport Station
Oslo Airport Station (Norwegian: Oslo lufthavn stasjon), also known as Gardermoen Station, is a railway station located in the airport terminal building of Oslo Airport, Gardermoen in Norway. Located on the Gardermoen Line, it is served by the Airport Express Trains, express trains to Trondheim and Oslo, regional trains to Lillehammer and Skien (via Oslo) and commuter trains to Eidsvoll and Kongsberg (via Oslo).

The station is located 48 kilometres (30 mi) from Oslo Central Station. The station is staffed, and there is a single bus route, and several coach services, to and from the airport. It opened in 1998, along with the new airport. During 2000–2001, there were several derailments at the station. South of the station is a terminal for unloading freight trains carrying aviation fuel.
Luusika Nature Reserve
Luusika Nature Reserve is a nature reserve which is located in Lääne-Viru County, Estonia.

The area of the nature reserve is 442 ha.

The protected area was founded in 1992 to protect valuable habitat types and threatened species in Luusika village (former Laekvere Parish).

Lääne-Viru County
Lääne-Viru County (Estonian: Lääne-Viru maakond or Lääne-Virumaa) is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is in northern Estonia, on the south coast of the Gulf of Finland. In Estonian, lääne means 'western' and ida means 'east' or 'eastern'. Lääne-Viru borders Ida-Viru County to the east, Jõgeva County to the south, and Järva and Harju counties to the west. In January 2013, Lääne-Viru County had a population of 58,806, or 4.5% of the population of Estonia.
Taxation in Kazakhstan
The main legal act establishing and regulating taxation in Kazakhstan is the Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan On Taxes and Other Obligatory Payments to the Budget (the “Tax Code”).  The Tax Code was adopted on 10 December 2008 and came into effect as of 1 January 2009.

Tax law
Tax law or revenue law is an area of legal study in which public or sanctioned authorities, such as federal, state and municipal governments (as in the case of the US) use a body of rules and procedures (laws) to assess and collect taxes in a legal context. The rates and merits of the various taxes, imposed by the authorities, are attained via the political process inherent in these bodies of power, and not directly attributable to the actual domain of tax law itself.

Tax law is part of public law. It covers the application of existing tax laws on individuals, entities and corporations, in areas where tax revenue is derived or levied, e.g. income tax, estate tax, business tax, employment/payroll tax, property tax, gift tax and exports/imports tax. There have been some arguments that consumer law is a better way to engage in large-scale redistribution than tax law because it does not necessitate legislation and can be more efficient, given the complexities of tax law.: 213
Asbestos Corporation
Asbestos Corporation Limited (ACL) is a Canadian corporation originally established to mine asbestos. ACL mainly open pit mined chrysotile asbestos in Thetford Mines, Quebec. It is no longer involved in asbestos mining, but as a subsidiary of Mazarin Inc it continues to exist to exploit the minerals contained in its tailings in Thetford Mines as well as restoring and developing its land holdings. The company faces multiple ongoing lawsuits regarding its former asbestos operations.

Chrysotile
Chrysotile (/ˈkrɪsəˌtʌɪl/, /ˈkrɪsəˌtaɪl/, or /ˈkrɪsətɪl/) or white asbestos is the most commonly encountered form of asbestos, accounting for approximately 95% of the asbestos in the United States and a similar proportion in other countries. It is a soft, fibrous silicate mineral in the serpentine subgroup of phyllosilicates; as such, it is distinct from other asbestiform minerals in the amphibole group. Its idealized chemical formula is Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4. The material has physical properties which make it desirable for inclusion in building materials, but poses serious health risks when dispersed into air and inhaled.
Luminaris
Luminaris is a 2011 short film directed by Juan Pablo Zaramella, which uses the pixilation technique to blend real actors with animated objects. The film won awards at 324 international film festivals, including the Woodstock Film Festival and Annecy International Animated Film Festival. It won the FIPRESCI prize and made the shortlist for the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film. The film incorporates several styles, such as art deco, tango, surrealism, and neorealism.
The production of the film took more than 2 and a half years, due to the difficulty of combining pixilation techniques with the movement of natural sunlight.

Annecy International Animation Film Festival
The Annecy International Animation Film Festival (French: Festival international du film d'animation d'Annecy, officially abbreviated in English as the Annecy Festival, or simply Annecy) was created in 1960 and takes place at the beginning of June in the town of Annecy, France. Initially occurring every two years, the festival became an annual event in 1998.
Oriava
Oriava  (Ukrainian: Оря́ва, Polish: Orawa) is a village (selo) in Stryi Raion, Lviv Oblast, in  Western Ukraine. The village of Oriava is located in the Ukrainian Carpathians, within the Eastern Beskids (Skole Beskids) in southern Lviv Oblast. It belongs to the Koziova rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The village is located along the river with the same name, Oriava.
It is 133 kilometres (83 mi) from the city of Lviv, 61 kilometres (38 mi) from Stryi, and 24 kilometres (15 mi) from Skole.
Local government– Oriavska village council.

The first mention of Oriava dates back to 1574.

Until 18 July 2020, Oriava belonged to Skole Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Skole Raion was merged into Stryi Raion.

Stryi
Stryi (Ukrainian: Стрий, IPA: [strɪj] ⓘ; Polish: Stryj) is a city in Lviv Oblast, western Ukraine. It is located in the left bank of the Stryi River, approximately 65 kilometres (40 mi) south of Lviv in the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains. It serves as the administrative center of Stryi Raion within the oblast. Stryi also hosts the administration of Stryi urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Its population is approximately 59,425 (2022 estimate).
Humble Negro Cemetery
The Humble Negro Cemetery is located in Harris County, Texas, just north of the City of Humble. It is located about 200 yards north of the FM 1960 by-pass which runs along the north side of Humble and east of the railroad tracks and U.S. Highway 59.

Harris County, Texas
Harris County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,731,145, and was estimated to be 5,009,302 in 2024, making it the most populous county in Texas and the third-most populous county in the United States. Its county seat is Houston, the most populous city in Texas and the fourth-most populous city in the United States. The county was founded on December 22, 1836 and organized on March 10, 1837. It is named for John Richardson Harris, who founded the town of Harrisburg on Buffalo Bayou in 1826. It contains over 16% of the state's population. Harris County is included in the nine-county Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan statistical area, which is the fifth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States.
Kameron McGusty
Kameron Alexander McGusty (born September 9, 1997) is an American basketball player for London Lions of the SLB. He previously played for the Miami Hurricanes of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), and the Oklahoma Sooners.

London Lions (basketball)
London Lions are a British professional basketball team based in Stratford, East London, England, and compete in the Super League Basketball (SLB).

The team was originally founded in 1977 as the Hemel Hempstead Lakers. Following an ownership take over by Vince Macaulay in 1993, the club subsequently relocated to Watford, and then Milton Keynes, where they were known as Milton Keynes Lions. It was in Milton Keynes that the team won its first silverware in 2008, the BBL Cup. The Lions relocated to London in 2012 and play its home games at the Copper Box Arena in the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, as well as occasional EuroCup matches at Wembley Arena.

The Lions were purchased by 777 Partners in 2020, ending Macaulay's 27-year tenure.  After the threat of bankruptcy following their owners' collapse amid claims of financial fraud  at the end of the 2023–24 season, the club was rescued for the 2024–25 season under the ownership of Tesonet, minority shareholders of BC Žalgiris.
Jennifer Switkes
Jennifer Switkes is a Canadian-American applied mathematician interested in mathematical modeling and operations research, and also known for her volunteer work teaching mathematics in prisons. She is an associate professor of mathematics at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona), where she is associate chair of the mathematics department.

Applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, social science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models.

In the past, practical applications have motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics.
Pizza-box form factor
In computing, a pizza box is a style of case design for desktop computers or network switches. Pizza box cases tend to be wide and flat, normally 1.5 to 4 in or 4 to 10 cm in height, resembling pizza delivery boxes and thus the name. This is in contrast to a tower system, whose case height is much greater than the width and has an "upright" appearance. In modern usage, the term "pizza box" is normally reserved for very flat cases with height no more than 2 inches (51 mm), while those taller than two inches are referred to as desktop cases instead.

The common setup of a pizza box system is to have the display monitor placed directly on top of the case, which serves as a podium to elevate the monitor more towards the user's eye level, and to have other peripherals placed in front and alongside the case. Occasionally, the pizza box may be laid on its sides in a tower-like orientation.

Peripheral
A peripheral  device, or simply peripheral, is an auxiliary hardware device that a computer uses to transfer information externally. A peripheral is a hardware component that is accessible to and controlled by a computer but is not a core component of the computer. It can communicate with a computer through wired or wireless connections. Many modern electronic devices, such as Internet-enabled digital watches, video game consoles, smartphones, and tablet computers, have interfaces for use as a peripheral.

Mouses and keyboards became the standard for computer peripheral input devices in the 1970s, while memory storage devices continued to be developed in new ways. Output devices, such as monitors, began as cathode rays, before switching to LCD monitors in the 1980s.
Australia women's national under-18 ice hockey team
The Australian National Women's Under-18 ice hockey Team (NWU18T) is the women's National Under-18 ice hockey team of Australia. The team is controlled by Ice Hockey Australia, a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation.

2022 IIHF U18 Women's World Championship
The 2022 IIHF U18 Women's World Championship was the 14th IIHF U18 Women's World Championship in ice hockey.

On December 24, 2021, the tournament was cancelled for the second year in a row by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, on March 21, 2022, the IIHF announced it had reconsidered and rescheduled the Top Division tournament for June 6–13, 2022 in Madison, Wisconsin, United States.

The venues which hosted the event in Dane County, Wisconsin were LaBahn Arena, located on the campus of the University of Wisconsin in Madison and Bob Suter's Capitol Ice Arena in Middleton, home of the USHL's Madison Capitols.
William Sloane-Stanley
William Sloane-Stanley (25 June 1780 – 11 April 1860) was an English politician. He served as the Tory Member of Parliament for Orford from 1807 to 1812, and for Stockbridge from 1830 to 1831.

He was the eldest son of Hans Sloane, who adopted the name and arms of Stanley in 1824, and his wife, Sarah Fuller. In 1806, he married Lady Gertrude Howard, daughter of Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle. They had two sons and three daughters.

Stockbridge (UK Parliament constituency)
Stockbridge was a parliamentary borough in Hampshire, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons from 1563 until 1832, when the borough was abolished by the Great Reform Act. It was one of the more egregiously rotten boroughs, and the first to have its status threatened for its corruption by a parliamentary bill to disfranchise it, though the proposal was defeated.
HMS Mutine (1900)
HMS Mutine was a Condor-class sloop of the Royal Navy. Mutine was launched on 1 March 1900. While being delivered from Birkenhead to Portsmouth an accident in Mutine's boiler rooms caused some loss of life and gave her a name as an unlucky ship before her career even began.  She served on the China Station, then the Australia Station between December 1903 and February 1905 and later became a survey ship, surviving until 1932 as a Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve drill ship, the last of her class to be sold.

Australia Station
The Australia Station was the British, and later Australian, naval command responsible for the waters around the Australian continent. Australia Station was under the command of the Commander-in-Chief, Australia Station, whose rank varied over time.
Lobelia tupa
Lobelia tupa is a species of Lobelia native to central Chile from Valparaíso south to Los Lagos regions.

Lobelia tupa is an evergreen perennial plant which grows up to 4 m tall and thrives in dry soils. The foliage is grey-green, with felty elliptical leaves 10–15 cm long. The flowers are red, tubular and 2-lipped and are produced in a sympodium pattern.

The plant has numerous ethnobotanical uses due to its pharmaceutically active alkaloids. The latex is used as an abortifacient, and the large, felty leaves are smoked as a narcotic with possible hallucinogenic effects - whence one of its common names, Tabaco del Diablo (Devil's tobacco).  Ironically, this plant has been used to treat nicotine addiction because it contains the nicotine-related alkaloid Lobeline (a mixed agonist–antagonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors). The Mapuche of Southern Chile consider it a sacred plant. Tupa leaves have also been found to contain chemicals that act as a respiratory stimulant.

Agonist-antagonist
In pharmacology the term agonist-antagonist or mixed agonist/antagonist is used to refer to a drug which under some conditions behaves as an agonist (a substance that fully activates the receptor that it binds to) while under other conditions, behaves as an antagonist (a substance that binds to a receptor but does not activate and can block the activity of other agonists).

Types of mixed agonist/antagonist include receptor ligands that act as agonist for some receptor types and antagonist for others or agonist in some tissues while antagonist in others (also known as selective receptor modulators).
Let the Old Dreams Die
Let the Old Dreams Die is a short story collection by Swedish writer John Ajvide Lindqvist. The bulk of the stories were originally published in Sweden in 2005 under the title Pappersväggar (Paper Walls). Quercus published the first English-language release in 2011, with the addition of the title story "Let the Old Dreams Die".

The title story is a sequel to Lindqvist's 2004 vampire novel Let the Right One In. Also included is "The Final Processing", a sequel to Lindqvist's horror novel Handling the Undead. In 2018 the story "Border" was adapted into a feature film.

Quercus (publisher)
Quercus is a formerly independent publishing house, based in London, that was acquired by Hodder & Stoughton in 2014. It was founded in 2004 by Mark Smith and Wayne Davies.

Quercus is known for its lists in crime (publishing such authors as Elly Griffiths, Philip Kerr, Peter May, Peter Temple), its MacLehose Press imprint (formerly headed by Christopher MacLehose), which publishes translated (often prize-winning) works by authors such as Philippe Claudel, Stieg Larsson, and Valerio Varesi, its literary fiction titles (including by Kimberley Freeman, Prajwal Parajuly) and its Jo Fletcher Books imprint, which publishes science fiction, fantasy and horror.

In 2023, Jo Fletcher Books was renamed to Arcadia.
White Spur (esquire)
The historic title White Spur (alias Silver Spur) was a rare variety of English esquire in Devonshire (and possibly the wider West Country).

It was defined by John Weever (d.1632) in his Antient Funeral Monuments and paraphrased from there by John Prince (1643–1723) in his Worthies of Devon, (within his biography of John Copleston "The Great Copleston", Esquire (1475–1550)). Weever classed it as the fourth of five categories of esquires in existence.

The title White Spur was an hereditary title of honour, passed via heirs male of the family, made by creation of the king. The ceremony was as follows: the king would place a Collar of Esses (or SSS) around the recipient's neck and confer upon him a pair of silver spurs. The holders of this title were thus distinguished from knights of the class Eques Auratus (literally "Golden Knights"), who were entitled to wear gilt spurs.

John Weever
John Weever (1576–1632) was an English antiquary and poet. He is best known for his Epigrammes in the Oldest Cut, and Newest Fashion (1599), containing epigrams on Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, and other poets of his day, and for his Ancient Funerall Monuments, the first full-length book to be dedicated to the topic of English church monuments and epitaphs, which was published in 1631, the year before his death.
Bob Rosa
Bob Rosa is an American record producer who has worked with artists such as Madonna, Janet Jackson, Mariah Carey and Espen Lind. One of his first recording projects was working on the track "Planet Rock" by Afrika Bambaataa & the Soulsonic Force in 1982.

Espen Lind
Espen Lind (born 13 May 1971) is a Norwegian record producer, songwriter, singer, and multi-instrumentalist. He is one half of the production team Espionage, and together with his long time partner Amund Bjorklund he has written and/or produced songs for artists like Taylor Swift, Beyoncé, Train, Jennifer Hudson, Emeli Sandé and Selena Gomez. Espen has also been a mentor on the Norwegian version of The Voice.
Naramore Fountain
Naramore Fountain is a fountain and sculpture by George Tsutakawa, installed in Seattle.

According to HistoryLink, the work "was unusual in its display: The fountain was placed above eye level on a concave platform of rocks quarried from the Cascade Mountains, which gave the effect of a flowing mountain stream."

The fountain was donated to the city by architect Floyd A. Naramore, who is also the fountain's namesake.

HistoryLink
HistoryLink is an online encyclopedia of Washington state history. The site has more than 8,100 entries. It has 500 biographies and more than 14,000 images.

The non-profit historical organization History Ink produces HistoryLink.org, stating that it is the nation's first online encyclopedia of local and state history created expressly for the Internet. Walt Crowley was the founding president and executive director.
Reference (computer science)
In computer programming, a reference is a value that enables a program to indirectly access a particular datum, such as a variable's value or a record, in the computer's memory or in some other storage device.  The reference is said to refer to the datum, and accessing the datum is called dereferencing the reference. A reference is distinct from the datum itself.

A reference is an abstract data type and may be implemented in many ways. Typically, a reference refers to data stored in memory on a given system, and its internal value is the memory address of the data, i.e. a reference is implemented as a pointer. For this reason a reference is often said to "point to" the data. Other implementations include an offset (difference) between the datum's address and some fixed "base" address, an index, or identifier used in a lookup operation into an array or table, an operating system handle, a physical address on a storage device, or a network address such as a URL.

Data storage
Data storage is the recording (storing) of information (data) in a storage medium. Handwriting, phonographic recording, magnetic tape, and optical discs are all examples of storage media. Biological molecules such as RNA and DNA are considered by some as data storage. Recording may be accomplished with virtually any form of energy. Electronic data storage requires electrical power to store and retrieve data.

Data storage in a digital, machine-readable medium is sometimes called digital data. Computer data storage is one of the core functions of a general-purpose computer. Electronic documents can be stored in much less space than paper documents. Barcodes and magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) are two ways of recording machine-readable data on paper.
Saint Leonidas
Saint Leonidas (or Leonides) refers to several Christian martyrs:

An Egyptian who died in the Diocletianic Persecution (feast day 28 January)

A companion of St. Diomedes (feast day 2 September)

A 4th-century Eastern Orthodox martyr (feast day 8 August)

A sixth-century Bishop of Athens (feast day 15 April)

One of seven companions, including Callistus and Charysius, martyred in Corinth (feast day 16 April)

Leonides of Alexandria, father of Origen (feast day 22 April)

August 8 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
August 7 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - August 9

All fixed commemorations below are observed on August 21 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For August 8, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on July 26.