hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Roy Butin
Roy Hunter Butin (October 30, 1876, in Logan, Ohio – August 16, 1943, in Long Beach, California)  was an American recording artist in the early 20th century, known for his playing of the harp guitar. He recorded more than a dozen early cylinder and 78 rpm records. From at least 1906 to 1916, he performed as one half of The Olivotti Troubadours with Michael Banner. Artists he recorded with also included Samuel Siegel, Valentine Abt, and W. Eugene Page.

Contrary to popular belief, he was not part of the Ossman-Dudley Trio, which featured Vess Ossman on banjo, Audley Dudley on mandolin and George Dudley on harp guitar.

Roy was married twice. His first marriage to Florence McPhail, in April 1898, ended in divorce before 1900. His second marriage was to an actress, Elsie Clare Sanford, in September 1912. That marriage ended in divorce in July 1925. His last relationship was with his housekeeper, Emma Oldham. No marriage is recorded, but it appears they did live together.

Harp guitar
The harp guitar is a guitar-based stringed instrument generally defined as a "guitar, in any of its accepted forms, with any number of additional unstopped strings that can accommodate individual plucking." The word "harp" is used in reference to its harp-like unstopped open strings. A harp guitar must have at least one unfretted string lying off the main fretboard, typically played as an open string.

This family consists of many varieties of instrument configurations.  Most readily identified are American harp guitars with either hollow arms, double necks or harp-like frames for supporting extra bass strings, and European bass guitars (or contraguitars).  Other harp guitars feature treble or mid-range floating strings, or various combinations of multiple floating string banks along with a standard guitar neck.
Stowe's Hill
Stowe's Hill is an elongated hill, 381 metres (1,250 ft) high, located on the eastern edge of Bodmin Moor in the county of Cornwall, England.

Stowe's Hill is a prominent granite ridge located about 1500 metres north of Minions, the highest village in Cornwall. It is dominated by Stowe's Pound, a huge tor enclosure comprising two massive stone-walls. The smaller enclosure surrounds the tors at the southern end of the hill; the larger one encircles the rest of the ridge. At the southern end is a large, disused quarry, but the hill is best known as the site of the Cheesewring, the extraordinary granite formation that gave the quarry its name.

Inside Stowe's Pound are two Bronze Age cairns, a stone round house and over 100 house platforms. The site is thought to be Neolithic or Bronze Age and connected with other settlements and ritual monuments in the vicinity.

Cairn
A cairn is a human-made pile (or stack) of stones raised for a purpose, usually as a marker or as a burial mound. The word cairn comes from the Irish: carn [ˈkʰaːrˠn̪ˠ] (plural cairn [ˈkʰaːrˠɲ]).

Cairns have been and are used for a broad variety of purposes. In prehistory, they were raised as markers, as memorials and as burial monuments, some of which contained chambers.

In the modern era, cairns are often raised as landmarks, especially to mark the summits of mountains, and as trail markers. They vary in size from small piles of stones to entire artificial hills, and in complexity from loose conical rock piles to elaborate megalithic structures. Cairns may be painted or otherwise decorated, whether for increased visibility or for religious reasons.
Umm Ubayda
Umm ‘Ubayda Arabic: ام عبيدة, also spelled Umm ‘Abida, is a village in Al-Maimouna District of Maysan Governorate, Iraq. Located in the marshy Batihah region of southern Iraq, it is known for being the home and burial site of the 12th-century Sufi saint Ahmad al-Rifa'i, the eponymous founder of the Rifa'i Sufi order. Ibn Battuta visited Umm Ubayda in 1327. He wrote that the Rifa'i community had a large ribat there at the time, home to "thousands" of dervishes.

Ibn Battuta
Ibn Battuta (/ˌɪbən bætˈtuːtɑː/; 24 February 1304 – 1368/1369) was a Maghrebi Muslim traveller, explorer and scholar. Over a period of 30 years from 1325 to 1354, he visited much of Africa, Asia, and the Iberian Peninsula. Near the end of his life, Ibn Battuta dictated an account of his journeys, titled A Gift to Those Who Contemplate the Wonders of Cities and the Marvels of Travelling, commonly known as The Rihla. Ibn Battuta travelled more than any other explorer in pre-modern history, totalling around 117,000 km (73,000 mi), surpassing Zheng He with about 50,000 km (31,000 mi) and Marco Polo with 24,000 km (15,000 mi).
Coleophora leucochrysella
The chestnut casebearer moth (Coleophora leucochrysella) is a species of moth in the family Coleophoridae. It is endemic to the United States, where it is found in Indiana, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. It is a highly specialized species, its larvae feed specifically on the leaves of the American Chestnut. It was thought the species became extinct when many American chestnut trees died due to an infection of the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, which was accidentally introduced from Asia around 1900. However, this species was rediscovered.

Coleophoridae
The Coleophoridae are a family of small moths, belonging to the huge superfamily Gelechioidea. Collectively known as case-bearers, casebearing moths or case moths, this family is represented on all continents, but the majority are found in temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere. They are most common in the Palearctic, and rare in sub-Saharan Africa, South America, and Australia; consequently, they probably originated (like most or all other Gelechioidea families) in northern Eurasia. They are relatively common in houses, they seek out moist areas to rest and procreate.
Street Smart (book)
Street Smart: Competition, Entrepreneurship, and the Future of Roads is a book about private highways. It covers many aspects of these roads, including the asserted need to protect personal freedom by reducing government control of the roadways; why government highways have failed; how roads can be built without exercising eminent domain authority; how vehicle and driver licensure by insurers can improve road safety; and so on. The writers of the book are Mary E. Peters, Gabriel Roth, John Semmens, Bruce L. Benson, David Levinson, Gopinath Menon, Herbert Mohring, Olegario Villoria, Edward Sullivan, Kenneth Button, Daniel Klein, John Majewski, Fred Foldvary, Christina Malmberg Calvo, Sven Ivarsson, Gunter Zietlow, Jim McLay, Neil Roden, Ian Heggie, Robert W. Poole, Jr., Kenneth Orski, and Peter Samuel.

Daniel B. Klein
Daniel Bruce Klein (born January 16, 1962) is an American professor of economics at George Mason University and an Associate Fellow of the Swedish Ratio Institute.  Much of his research examines the works of Adam Smith, public policy questions, libertarian political philosophy, and the sociology of academia. He is the chief editor of Econ Journal Watch and director of the Adam Smith Program at George Mason University's Department of Economics.

Klein received his doctorate in economics from New York University in 1990. He was a visiting scholar at the City University in Stockholm
and the Department of Economics, Stanford University.
JMonkeyEngine
jMonkeyEngine (abbreviated JME or jME) is an open-source and cross-platform game engine for developing 3D games written in Java. It can be used to write games for Windows, Linux, macOS, Raspberry Pi, Android, and iOS (currently in alpha testing). It uses Lightweight Java Game Library as its default renderer, and also supports another renderer based on Java OpenGL.

jMonkeyEngine is community-centric and open-source. It is released under the New BSD license. It is used by several commercial game studios and educational institutions. The default jMonkeyEngine 3 comes integrated with a software development kit (SDK).

BSD licenses
BSD licenses are a family of permissive free software licenses, imposing minimal restrictions on the use and distribution of covered software. This is in contrast to copyleft licenses, which have share-alike requirements. The original BSD license was used for its namesake, the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), a Unix-like operating system. The original version has since been revised, and its descendants are referred to as modified BSD licenses.

BSD is both a license and a class of license (generally referred to as BSD-like). The modified BSD license (in wide use today) is very similar to the license originally used for the BSD version of Unix. The BSD license is a simple license that merely requires that all code retain the BSD license notice if redistributed in source code format, or reproduce the notice if redistributed in binary format. The BSD license (unlike some other licenses e.g. GPL) does not require that source code be distributed at all.
Pulse wave
A pulse wave, pulse train, or rectangular wave is a sequence of discrete pulses occurring in a signal over time. Typically, these pulses are of similar shape and are evenly spaced in time, forming a periodic or near-periodic sequence. Pulse waves outputs are widely used in tachometers, speedometers and encoders. Such pulse sequences appear in multiple fields of technology and engineering, where a pulse wave often denotes a series of electrical pulses generated by a sensor (for example, teeth of a rotating gear inducing pulses in a pickup sensor), or pulse wave is connected to signal processing and computer graphics, where a pulse wave is treated as a mathematical signal or function that repeats with a fixed period.

Periodic function
A periodic function is a function that repeats its values at regular intervals. For example, the trigonometric functions, which are used to describe waves and other repeating phenomena, are periodic. Many aspects of the natural world have periodic behavior, such as the phases of the Moon, the swinging of a pendulum, and the beating of a heart.

The length of the interval over which a periodic function repeats is called its period. Any function that is not periodic is called aperiodic.
James Wainwright (actor)
James Lee Wainwright (March 5, 1938 – December 20, 1999) was an American actor best known for his roles in films such as Joe Kidd (1972), The President's Plane Is Missing (1973), Killdozer (1974), Bridger (1976, as Jim Bridger), The Private Files of J. Edgar Hoover (1977), Mean Dog Blues (1978), Battletruck (1982) and The Survivors (1983).

His television appearances include Beyond Westworld and Jigsaw.

Jigsaw (American TV series)
Jigsaw is a television crime drama that aired as an element of the wheel series The Men, part of the ABC network's 1972-73 lineup. Universal Television produced Jigsaw; the same studio had previously been responsible for a series which, in part, inspired The Men: The NBC Mystery Movie.
Rumman Rashid Khan
Rumman Rashid Khan (রুম্মান রশীদ খান; born 11 July) is a Bangladeshi screenwriter, dramatist, television host, podcast host, and journalist. Khan hosts the "Behind the Fame with RRK" podcast on Maasranga Television.

He is known for writing the scripts for TV plays and films, such as Purnodoirgho Prem Kahini (2013), Bishwoshundori (2020) and hosting Ranga Shokal show on Maasranga TV. He has also worked as a feature writer for Samakal and Prothom Alo newspapers. To date, he has written about 100 one-hour tele-fictions and telefilms.

Maasranga Television
Maasranga Television (Bengali: মাছরাঙা টেলিভিশন; lit. 'Kingfisher Television') is a Bangladeshi Bengali-language satellite and cable television channel owned by the Square Group. It commenced broadcasts on 30 July 2011, and is based in Bir Uttom Ziaur Rahman Road, Dhaka.
Nathan Hylden
Nathan Hylden (born 1978 in Fergus Falls, Minnesota) is a contemporary American abstract painter based in Los Angeles, California. He is known for creating abstract paintings exploring philosophical relationships between cause and effect, absence and presence, and emptiness and meaning; as well as for process-oriented artworks that investigate dualities of existence.

Hylden earned his Bachelor of Fine Arts from Minnesota State University in 2001 and Master of Fine Arts from Art Center College of Design in Los Angeles in 2006. He later studied with abstract painter Michael Krebber in Frankfurt, photographer  Christopher Williams, and multimedia artist Richard Hawkins in Los Angeles.

ArtCenter College of Design
The ArtCenter College of Design is a private art college in Pasadena, California.

It was incorporated in 1930 as a degree-granting institution of higher learning in the US created specifically for students of both the visual arts and design. It offers Bachelor of Fine Arts, Bachelor of Science, Master of Fine Arts, Master of Arts, Master of Science, Doctor of Arts, and Doctor of Science degrees across multiple majors mostly relating to design.
3rd Electoral Unit of Republika Srpska (NSRS)
The third electoral unit of Republika Srpska is a parliamentary constituency used to elect members to the National Assembly of Republika Srpska since 2014.  It consists of the Municipalities of Petrovac, 
Banja Luka, 
Čelinac, 
Istočni Drvar, 
Ribnik, 
Mrkonjić Grad, 
Jezero, 
Kneževo, 
Kotor Varoš, 
Šipovo and 
Kupres.

Čelinac
Čelinac (Serbian Cyrillic: Челинац) is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, the municipality has a population of 15,548 inhabitants, while the town of Čelinac has a population of 5,097 inhabitants.
Adelaide Plains wine region
Adelaide Plains wine region is a wine region located in South Australia immediately north of the capital city of Adelaide.   The region received appellation as an Australian Geographical Indication in 2002 and as of 2014, it is represented by 11 wineries. It is part of the Mount Lofty Ranges zone.

Appellation
An appellation is a legally defined and protected geographical indication used to identify where the ingredients of a food or beverage originated, most often used for the origin of wine grapes.  Restrictions other than geographical boundaries, such as what grapes may be grown, maximum grape yields, alcohol level, and other quality factors may also apply before an appellation name may legally appear on a wine bottle label. The rules that govern appellations are dependent on the country in which the wine was produced.
Trial and execution of Anne du Bourg
The trial and execution of Anne du Bourg was a critical event in the history of religious conflict in Paris, prior to the outbreak of the French Wars of Religion three years later. Anne du Bourg, a judge in the Parlement of Paris, would be executed, after calling King Henry II an adulterer and blasphemer, and refusing to affirm the Real presence. He would be garrotted and burned on 23 December 1559. Several of his colleagues who had been arrested along with him, would be forced to recant their beliefs before returning to re-join the court. His trial would inflame religious tensions in Paris, leading directly to the assassination of President Minard, and contributing to the powder keg that exploded in the riot of Saint Medard a few months later.

Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine
Charles de Lorraine (17 February 1524 – 26 December 1574), Duke of Chevreuse, was a French Cardinal, a member of the powerful House of Guise. He was known at first as the Cardinal of Guise, and then as the second Cardinal of Lorraine, after the death of his uncle, Jean, Cardinal of Lorraine (1550). He was the protector of François Rabelais and Pierre de Ronsard and founded Reims University. He is sometimes known as the Cardinal de Lorraine.
Burleigh Castle
The remains of Burleigh Castle are located just outside the village of Milnathort, 1.5 miles north of Kinross, in Perth and Kinross, Scotland. The castle dates from the 15th and 16th centuries, and now sits beside the A911 road, opposite a 19th-century steading, recently adapted into housing.

Milnathort
Milnathort, Scottish Gaelic: Muileann Choirthe, is a small town in the parish of Orwell in the county of Kinross-shire, Scotland and since 1996, the local council area of Perth and Kinross. The smaller neighbour of nearby Kinross, Milnathort has a population of around 2,000 people. It is situated amidst countryside at the foot of the Ochil Hills, and near the north shore of Loch Leven. From 1977 it became more easily accessible due to the development of the M90 motorway.
The name was thought to come from the Gaelic maol coirthe meaning "bare hill of the standing stones" but in fact comes originally from Muileann Choirthe - the mill in land of standing stones (probably the Orwell ones) - which got translated into Scots as Miln o' Quhorth and then elided down into the modern Milnathort, though some took Quhorth to be the River Forth and the town is still referred to occasionally as Mills o' Forth
Hooked on Phonics
Hooked on Phonics is a commercial brand of educational materials, initially designed to teach reading through phonics. First marketed in 1987, the program uses systematic phonics and scaffolded stories to teach letter–sound correlations as part of children's literacy. Over time, the brand has expanded to include a wide variety of media, such as books, computer games, music, videos, and flashcards. The current primary target audience includes individuals, some schools, and homeschooling parents. The product gained significant recognition during the 1990s due to extensive television and radio advertising.

Radio advertisement
In the United States, commercial radio stations generate most of their revenue by selling airtime for radio advertisements. These advertisements are paid for by a business or service in exchange for the station airing their commercial or mentioning them on air. The most common type of advertisement is the "spot commercial", which typically lasts no longer than one minute. Longer advertisements, often running for 45, 60, or more minutes, are known as "infomercials" and provide more detailed information about the promoted product or service.

The United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC), established under the Communications Act of 1934, regulates commercial broadcasting. Many of the relevant laws have remained relatively unchanged since the Radio Act of 1927. In 2015, radio accounted for 7.8% of total U.S. media expenditures.
SS Königin Luise
A number of ships have been named SS Königin Luise:

SS Königin Luise (1896) was a Barbarossa-class ocean liner launched in 1896 for North German Lloyd. She was renamed Omar in 1921, Edison in 1924 and was scrapped in 1935.

SS Königin Luise (1913) was a ferry launched in 1913 for the Hamburg America Line. She was requisitioned by the Kaiserliche Marine in 1914 and became the first German naval loss of the First World War when she was sunk on 5 August 1914.

SS Königin Luise (1934) was a ferry launched in 1934 for the Hamburg America Line. She was requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine in 1939 and was sunk by a Soviet mine in 1941.

SS Königin Luise (1896)
SS Königin Luise ("Queen Louise") was a Barbarossa-class ocean liner built in 1896 by Vulcan Shipbuilding Corp. of Stettin, Germany, for the North German Lloyd line of Bremen.  She served on the company's Australian, Far East, and North Atlantic routes for nearly two decades.

During World War I, Königin Luise was one of only two ships of her class to avoid being interned in neutral ports, spending the war in German ports.  After the war, Königin Luise was allocated as war reparations to the United Kingdom, sold to the Orient Steam Navigation Company in 1921 and renamed Omar.  She was sold again in 1924 to the Byron SS Co of London and operated on the Piraeus – New York service until scrapped in 1935.
Whip (character)
The Whip is the alias used by different characters in DC Comics with four of them being superheroes. The third one made his first appearance in Flash Comics #1. The fourth Whip appeared in 2005 and was created by Grant Morrison. The fifth Whip appeared in 2011 and was created by Fabian Nicieza.

Fabian Nicieza
Fabian Nicieza (/niːsiˈɛsə/; December 31, 1961) is an Argentine-American comic book writer and editor who is best known for his work on Marvel titles such as X-Men, X-Force, New Warriors, Nomad, Cable, Gambit, Deadpool and Thunderbolts, for all of which he helped create numerous characters, among them Adam X, Deadpool, Domino, Feral, G. W. Bridge, Kwannon, Shatterstar, and Silhouette. He also created and wrote the WEBTOON series Outrage.
Kurds in Sudan
Kurds in Sudan (Kurdish:Kurdên li Sûdanê, Arabic:الأكراد في السودان) consists of individuals of Kurdish descent living within the country of Sudan. Their estimated population is approximately 80,000-101,000.

Ottoman–Portuguese confrontations
The Ottoman–Portuguese or the Turco-Portuguese confrontations refers to a series of different military encounters between the Portuguese Empire and the Ottoman Empire, or between other European powers and the Ottoman Empire in which relevant Portuguese military forces participated. Some of these conflicts were brief, while others lasted for many years. Most of these conflicts took place in the Indian Ocean, in the process of the expansion of the Portuguese Empire, but also in the Red Sea. These conflicts also involved regional powers, after 1538 the Adal Sultanate, with the aid of the Ottoman Empire, fought against the Ethiopian Empire, which was supported by the Portuguese, under the command of Cristóvão da Gama, the son of the famous explorer Vasco da Gama. This war is known as the Ethiopian–Adal war.
Henry T. and Rebecca Reynolds House
The Henry T. and Rebecca Reynolds House  is a historic residence within the Springville Historic District in Springville, Utah, United States, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).

Springville, Utah
Springville is a city in Utah County, Utah, United States, that is part of the Provo–Orem metropolitan area. The population was 35,268 in 2020, according to the United States Census. Springville is a bedroom community for commuters who work in the Provo-Orem and Salt Lake City metropolitan areas. Other neighboring cities include Spanish Fork and Mapleton. Springville has the nickname of "Art City" or "Hobble Creek".
IDEAS For Us
IDEAS For Us is a United Nations–accredited non-governmental organization which works to advance sustainability through local action projects in countries and on campuses around the world. IDEAS For Us focuses on reaching communities furthest from sustainable development and advancing the global goals for sustainable development by helping to develop, fund, and scale local action projects from within communities which have the potential to grow into ongoing programs. IDEAS For Us has three major programs: Fleet Farming (an urban agricultural program), the Hive (a community think/do tank), and the Solutions Fund (an international micro-granting philanthropic branch which supports projects related to the 17 Global Goals).

Generation Progress
Generation Progress was a youth-centered research and advocacy group that promotes progressive political and social policy through support for young people, students, and young activists in the United States. Generation Progress was the youth engagement arm of the Center for American Progress.

Launched in 2005 as Campus Progress, in 2013 the organization was renamed Generation Progress to reflect the group's work to reach beyond college campuses and involve older, working-class, and non-college-bound young people in progressive activism. Their main issue areas cover gun violence prevention, criminal justice reform, progressive economics, student debt, immigration, and climate change.

Generation Progress had a sister organization, Generation Progress Action, that engaged in political and electoral advocacy activities in elections.