hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Transcription into Korean
Foreign words when used in Korean undergo transcription, to make them pronounceable and memorable. Transcription into Korean, for the most part, is very similar to or even influenced by transcription into Japanese, although the number of homophones resulted by imperfect mapping of foreign sounds onto native sounds is significantly smaller, as Korean has a larger phoneme inventory and a more inclusive phonotactics.

Homophone
A homophone (/ˈhɒməfoʊn, ˈhoʊmə-/) is a word that is pronounced the same as another word but differs in meaning or in spelling. The two words may be spelled the same, for example rose (flower) and rose (past tense of "rise"), or spelled differently, as in rain, reign, and rein. The term homophone sometimes applies to units longer or shorter than words, for example a phrase, letter, or groups of letters which are pronounced the same as a counterpart. Any unit with this property is said to be homophonous (/həˈmɒfənəs/).

Homophones that are spelled the same are both homographs and homonyms. For example, the word read, in "He is well read" and in "Yesterday, I read that book".

Homophones that are spelled differently are also called heterographs, e.g. to, too, and two.
Frank Roy
Francis Roy CBE (born 29 August 1958) is a former British Labour Party politician, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Motherwell and Wishaw from 1997 to 2015. He was a Government Whip and Lord Commissioner of HM Treasury from 2006 to 2010, after having served as an Assistant Whip from 2005.

Motherwell and Wishaw (UK Parliament constituency)
Motherwell and Wishaw was a burgh constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was first created in 1974, mostly from the former Motherwell constituency. In 1983, it was split into two constituencies, Motherwell North and Motherwell South; but they became one constituency again, in 1997.

The corresponding Scottish Parliamentary seat of the same name Motherwell and Wishaw was held by Jack McConnell, the former First Minister of Scotland 2001-07.

Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was abolished. Subject to boundary change, including expansion into South Lanarkshire, incorporating the town of Carluke, it was reformed as Motherwell, Wishaw and Carluke, and first contested at the 2024 general election.
Mesa House
The Mesa House, or Dr. Mesa House, is a historic house on Maxwell St. in Hagåtña, Guam.

Built in 1930, it is relatively rare as a pre-World War II house with ifil wood construction.  The building is two stories on a 12.6 by 8.4 metres (41 ft × 28 ft) plan.  The first floor is concrete, while the second floor is ifil wood in both framing and flooring.  The roof is framed in non-ifil wood and covered in corrugated metal.  Its colonial-era architecture is exemplified by exterior stairs and porch elements.  The house is notable for surviving not just World War II, but also termite infestations and typhoons that have regularly devastated the island.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Intsia bijuga
Intsia bijuga, commonly known as Borneo teak, ipil, merbau, Johnstone River teak, and kwila, amongst many other names, is a species of tree in the flowering plant family Fabaceae, native to coastal areas from east Africa, through India and Southeast Asia to Australia and the western Pacific. It has significant importance to indigenous cultures in many parts of its range, but is also threatened by illegal logging due to its high quality timber. It is most commonly found in tropical coastal forests.
Betsy Bloomingdale
Betty Lee Bloomingdale (née Newling; August 2, 1922 – July 19, 2016) was an American socialite and philanthropist. She was considered a fashion icon, first appearing on the International Best Dressed List in 1962, and in 1970 was named in the list's Hall of Fame.

International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List
The International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List was founded by fashionista Eleanor Lambert in 1940 as an attempt to boost the reputation of American fashion at the time. The American magazine Vanity Fair is currently in charge of the list after Lambert left the responsibility to "four friends at Vanity Fair" in 2002, a year before her death.
The Blind Wink
The Blind Wink is an album by Appleton, Wisconsin-based rock group Tenement. It was properly released in December 2011 by Chicago hardcore punk label Cowabunga Records, following a cassette that the band released themselves for a West Coast tour in January 2011. It was re-issued in 2016 by Canadian hardcore punk record label, Deranged Records.

Wisconsin country-rock band Dusk covered "Hey, Soozie" on their debut self titled Don Giovanni Records album in 2018. English rock band Martha covered "Dreaming Out Loud" as a b-side to their 2022 Dirtnap Records single, "Beat Perpetual".

Deranged Records
Deranged Records is a Canadian punk record label based in Roberts Creek, British Columbia. It was founded in 1999 by Gordon Dufresne. Notable bands who have had releases with the label are Fucked Up, Career Suicide and Brutal Knights. The label is known for releasing hardcore punk; however, more recently they have been releasing albums that are more pop punk.
Pre-Finno-Ugric substrate
Pre-Finno-Ugric substrate refers to substratum loanwords from unidentified non-Indo-European and non-Uralic languages that are found in various Finno-Ugric languages, most notably Sámi. The presence of Pre-Finno-Ugric substrate in Sámi languages was demonstrated by Ante Aikio. Janne Saarikivi points out that similar substrate words are present in Finnic languages as well, but in much smaller numbers. The proposed substrate influence in Finnic may have been related either by borrowing or a direct genetic relationship to the languages that influenced Sámi.

Borrowing to Sámi from Paleo-Laplandic probably still took place after the completion of the Great Sámi Vowel Shift. Paleo-Laplandic likely became extinct about 1500 years ago.

The Nganasan language also has many substrate words from unknown extinct languages in the Taimyr peninsula.

Loanword
A loanword is a word at least partly assimilated from one language (the donor language) into another language (the recipient or target language), through the process of borrowing. Borrowing is a metaphorical term that is well established in the linguistic field despite its acknowledged descriptive flaws: nothing is taken away from the donor language and there is no expectation of returning anything (i.e., the loanword).

Loanwords may be contrasted with calques, in which a word is borrowed into the recipient language by being directly translated from the donor language rather than being adopted in (an approximation of) its original form. They must also be distinguished from cognates, which are words in two or more related languages that are similar because they share an etymological origin in the ancestral language, rather than because one borrowed the word from the other.
Department of Prisons
The Department of Prisons (Sinhala: බන්ධනාගාර දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව Bandhanagara Departhamenthuwa) is a department of the Government of Sri Lanka responsible for the incarceration and rehabilitation of convicted criminal offenders and terror suspects, coming under the purview of the Ministry of Justice and National Integration. The Commissioner-General of Prisons reports to the Subject Minister, who is in turn responsible to the Parliament of Sri Lanka.

The current Commissioner-General of Prisons is Thushara Upuldeniya.

Government of Sri Lanka
The Government of Sri Lanka (GoSL) (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය, romanised: Śrī Laṅkā Rajaya; Tamil: இலங்கை அரசாங்கம், romanised: Ilaṇkai Aracāṅkam) is a semi-presidential republic determined by the Sri Lankan Constitution. It administers the island from both its commercial capital of Colombo and the administrative capital of Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte.
Steven Salmons
Steven Edward "Steve" Salmons (born July 3, 1958) is an American former volleyball player. He helped the United States men's national volleyball team win the gold medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. He also helped the national team win gold medals at the 1985 FIVB World Cup and the 1986 FIVB World Championship, thus achieving the "triple crown".

Volleyball at the 1984 Summer Olympics
This page presents the results of men's and women's volleyball tournaments during the Los Angeles Olympics in the summer of 1984. The competition was held in the Long Beach Arena, which had a capacity of 12,033.
Kaori Mori
Kaori Mori (森 かおり, Mori Kaori; born on August 23, 1979, in Fukuoka Prefecture) is a former Japanese badminton player. She was the women's singles national champion in 2001 and 2003. Mori won the bronze medal at the 2004 Asian Championships and also the silver medals in 2005 and 2006. She played badminton at the 2004 Summer Olympics, defeating Anu Weckström of Finland in the first round but losing to Zhou Mi of China in the round of 16. She also helps the Japanese women's team to win bronze at the 2004 Uber Cup in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Badminton at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Badminton at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held at the Goudi Olympic Hall at the Goudi Olympic Complex from 14 August through 21 August. Both men and women competed in their own singles and doubles events and together they competed in a mixed doubles event.
2014 ATP Shenzhen Open
The 2014 ATP Shenzhen Open was a professional men's tennis tournament played on hard courts. This was the inaugural edition of the tournament, which was part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2014 ATP World Tour.  It took place at the Shenzhen Longgang Tennis Centre in Shenzhen, China from September 22 to September 28.

ATP 250 tournaments
The ATP 250 tournaments are the lowest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments on the main ATP Tour, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, and ATP 500 tournaments. The winners of each tournament are awarded 250 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2026, the series included 30 tournaments after the retirement of four tournaments (Atlanta, Córdoba, Lyon and Metz), the downgrade of two in 2025 (Estoril for a year, and Newport) and the upgrade of three tournaments to the 500 level (Dallas, Doha and Munich). Draws usually consist of 28 for singles, with Brisbane International (32) and Winston-Salem Open (48) being the only exceptions. Doubles draws consist of 16 teams.

Thomas Muster holds the record for most singles titles at 26, while Mike Bryan holds the record for most doubles titles won with 46.
Achilleas Papadimitriou
Achilleas Papadimitriou (born 18 August 1980) is a former Greek volleyball player. He was part of the Greece men's national volleyball team. He competed at the 2009 Men's European Volleyball Championship. He played for the Olympiacos club between 2007 and 2009 and for the Panathinaikos club between 2009 and 2011.

2009 Men's European Volleyball Championship
2009 Men's European Volleyball Championship was held from September 3 to September 13, 2009 in İzmir and Istanbul, Turkey.

Poland claimed their first Men's European Volleyball Championship title with an undefeated run. The final was concluded with a 3-1 victory against France. Bulgaria captured the bronze medal after defeating Russia 3-0. Poland's Piotr Gruszka was named the tournament's most valuable player.
Megan Evans
Megan Evans is a Melbourne based visual artist known for her works about Australian colonisation. She graduated from Victoria University of Technology with a PhD in 2003. Evans describes herself as an interdisciplinary artist. Her work is held in a number of collections, including the National Gallery of Australia and the Art Gallery of Ballarat. She won the Footscray Art Prize in 2019 for her work, PARLOUR.

National Gallery of Australia
The National Gallery of Australia (NGA), formerly the Australian National Gallery, is the national art museum of Australia as well as one of the largest art museums in Australia, holding more than 166,000 works of art. Located in Canberra in the Australian Capital Territory, it was established in 1967 by the Australian Government as a national public art museum. As of 2022 it is under the directorship of Nick Mitzevich.
2003 Ringera Judiciary Report
The 2003 Ringera Judiciary Report  was a Kenya Government report published by the Integrity and Anti-Corruption Committee of the Judiciary in Kenya in order to implement a policy known as radical surgery introduced by the new government of President Mwai Kibaki. The committee was led by Justice Aaron Ringera.

Mwai Kibaki
Emilio Stanley Mwai Kibaki CGH (15 November 1931 – 21 April 2022) was a Kenyan politician who served as the third President of Kenya from December 2002 until April 2013. He served in various leadership positions in Kenya's government including being the longest serving Member of Parliament (MP) in Kenya from 1963 to 2013. He was the fourth Vice-President of Kenya for ten years from 1978 to 1988 under President Daniel arap Moi. He also held cabinet ministerial positions in the Jomo Kenyatta and Daniel arap Moi governments, including as minister for Finance (1969–1981) under Kenyatta, and Minister for Home Affairs (1982–1988) and Minister for Health (1988–1991) under Moi. Kibaki served as an opposition Member of Parliament from 1992 to 2002. He unsuccessfully vied for the presidency in 1992 and 1997. He served as the Leader of the Official Opposition in Parliament from 1998 to 2002. Following the 2002 presidential election, he was elected as the President of Kenya.
Tadiyawan
Tadiyawan, also spelled Tandiyawan, is a village and corresponding community development block in Hardoi district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Located 14 km from the city of Hardoi, it hosts a regular market and hosts a Deviji festival on Chaitra Sudi 8 dedicated to worship of the goddess Devi. The village has two primary schools but no healthcare facilities. As of 2011, the population of Tadiyawan is 5,998, in 1,079 households.

Hardoi
Hardoi is a city and municipal board in Hardoi district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Hardoi is the administrative headquarters of Hardoi district. It is also known as Prahalad Nagari. Hardoi is about 110 km from the state capital Lucknow and about 385 km from New Delhi. Hardoi is a temple town.
Catalog merchant
A catalog merchant (catalogue merchant in Commonwealth English) or catalog showroom is a form of retailing in which consumers select items from a catalog, inspect display samples in a public showroom, then submit written orders for immediate fulfillment from an attached warehouse which is closed to the public.  The typical catalog merchant sells a wide variety of household and personal products, with many emphasizing jewelry.  Unlike most retail formats, the vast majority of the merchandise remains in the warehouse space and is therefore immune to shoplifting because it cannot be touched by consumers outside of the presence of a cashier.

Cashier
A retail cashier or simply a cashier is a person who handles the cash register at various locations such as the point of sale in a retail store. The most common use of the title is in the retail industry, but this job title is also used in the context of accountancy for the person responsible for receiving and disbursing money or within branch banking in the United Kingdom for the job known in the United States as a bank teller.
Události
Události (English: Events) is the daily evening news programme for Czech Television. It also contains Branky, body, vteřiny (Goals, Points, Seconds) and Počasí (Weather). Since its inception, it has been broadcast on ČT1 and since 2005 also on ČT24. In the years 2020–2022, it was also broadcast on ČT3. The program focuses on the most important events from the day of the broadcast (but also the day before after the broadcast of previous Události) that took place in the Czech Republic and around the world. On 1 April 2012, several changes took place, including starting to broadcast from a new modified virtual Studio 8, having previously broadcast from Studio 9 with the news control room in the background.

ČT24
ČT24 (Czech: [ˈtʃeːteːˈdvatsɛtˈt͡ʃtɪr̝ɪ]) is a 24-hour news channel in Czechia, owned and operated by Czech Television. The channel was launched on 2 May 2005.

ČT24 broadcasts from Prague, but has branches and broadcasts in Brno and Ostrava.
Small nucleolar RNA SNORA17
In molecular biology, SNORA17 (also known as ACA17) is a member of the H/ACA class of small nucleolar RNA that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines. Specifically, it is predicted to guide pseudouridylation of the 28S rRNA at positions U4659 and U4598. It shares the same host gene together with ACA43.

There are many closely related sequences that do not appear to have conserved H and ACA boxes, and may be pseudogenes.

Small nucleolar RNA
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a class of non-coding small RNA molecules in the nucleolus that primarily guide chemical modifications of other RNAs, mainly ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs and small nuclear RNAs. There are two main classes of snoRNA, the C/D box snoRNAs, which are associated with methylation, and the H/ACA box snoRNAs, which are associated with pseudouridylation.
SnoRNAs are commonly referred to as guide RNAs but should not be confused with the guide RNAs that direct RNA editing in trypanosomes or the guide RNAs (gRNAs) used by Cas9 for CRISPR gene editing.
Ran Kochav
Ran Kochav "RanKo" (Hebrew: "רן כוכב "רנכו; born July 6, 1971) is an Israel Defense Forces brigadier general (Tat-Aluf) who was the IDF Spokesperson, as the commander of the Israeli Air & Missile Defense Forces and as the chief general officer of the Military Police Corps.

M61 Vulcan
The M61 Vulcan is a hydraulically, electrically, or pneumatically driven, six-barrel, air-cooled, electrically fired Gatling-style rotary cannon which fires 20 mm × 102 mm (0.787 in × 4.016 in) rounds at an extremely high rate (typically 6,000 rounds per minute). The M61 and its derivatives have been the principal cannon armament of United States military fixed-wing aircraft for over sixty years.

Designed in 1946 by General Electric, the Vulcan entered service with the U.S. military in 1959. As of 2000, it was produced by General Dynamics. It is also manufactured under license in Japan by Sumitomo Heavy Industries for Japan's Self-Defense Force and by SNT Dynamics in South Korea.
Jack Oakes
John Oakes (24 September 1905 – 20 March 1992), was an English footballer who played as a centre half in the Football League.

His early career included playing for Nottingham Forest, Southend United and Crook Town. He joined Aldershot in May 1934 who for a period of time tried playing him as a centre-half in early 1935, making the switch permanent later that year.

In 1936, he transferred to Charlton Athletic and was on the losing side in the 1946 FA Cup Final. He did not make the line-up for Charlton's victorious 1947 FA Cup Final, and signed for Plymouth Argyle soon after, spending one season at Home Park before retiring in his 43rd year.

After his playing career was over, he emigrated to Australia, and was living in the city of Perth by the time of his death in March 1992 at the age of 86.
Jack Oakes was a great-uncle of Roy Sandbach.

1947 FA Cup final
The 1947 FA Cup final was the 66th final of the FA Cup. It took place on 26 April 1947 at Wembley Stadium and was contested between Charlton Athletic and Burnley. Charlton were appearing in their second consecutive final after losing to Derby County the previous year, while Second Division Burnley were appearing in their first final since 1914.

Charlton won the match 1–0 after extra time, with Chris Duffy scoring the winning goal. For the second consecutive year, the ball burst during the match; both incidents were later put down to the poor quality of leather available after World War II.
Pontus Petterström
Pontus Petterström (born April 21, 1982) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey winger. He last played for Skellefteå AIK of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL). He was selected by the New York Rangers in the 7th round (226th overall) of the 2001 NHL Entry Draft.

He previously played with Linköpings HC.

Linköping HC
Linköping Hockey Club, often known by its initials LHC, or colloquially among its fans as Cluben, is a Swedish professional ice hockey club from Linköping, founded in 1976. The home arena of the team is Saab Arena (formerly Cloetta Center) which accommodates 8,190 spectators.

Competing in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL; formerly Elitserien), the club is placed twelfth in the marathon standings for the top Swedish ice hockey league.
Mürşitpınar
Mürşitpınar is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Suruç, Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey. Its population is 713 (2022). It lies on the Syrian border, adjacent to the Syrian city Kobanî. There is a border crossing south of the village, and a (closed) station on the Berlin–Baghdad railway.

Suruç
Suruç (pronounced [ˈsuɾutʃ]; Kurdish: Pirsûs; Syriac: ܣܪܘܓ Sruḡ) is a municipality and district of Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey. Its area is 744 km2, and its population is 100,961 (2022). It is on a plain near the Syrian border 46 kilometres (29 mi) southwest of the city of Urfa. Its inhabitants are Kurds.
Castelo Branco cheese
Castelo Branco (Portuguese: Queijo de Castelo Branco) is a cheese named after the city of the same name in Portugal, the main city of the district where it is produced.

Since 1996, Castelo Branco cheese has had a Protected designation of origin (PDO), being one of the three Beira Baixa cheeses (PDO) (Portuguese: Queijos da Beira Baixa DOP).

The cheese is made from goat or sheep milk, and has a soft texture. Typically, the cheese takes 40 days to mature when made with goat's milk, and 50 days when made with ewe's milk. The fat content is around 45% and the cheese is usually a close-to-white colour.

Protected designation of origin
The protected designation of origin (PDO) is a type of geographical indication of the European Union aimed at preserving the designations of origin of food-related products. The designation was created in 1992 and its main purpose is to designate products that have been produced, processed and developed in a specific geographical area, using the recognized know-how of local producers and ingredients from the region concerned.
Colonial Skimmer
The Colonial Model C-1 Skimmer was an American small single-engined amphibian flying boat built by the Colonial Aircraft Corporation. It was the start of a line of very similar aircraft designed by David Thurston.

Lake Aircraft
Lake Aircraft was a manufacturer of amphibious aircraft. Its factory was in Sanford, Maine, United States, and its sales offices were located at Laconia / Gilford, New Hampshire and Kissimmee, Florida.

The assets are currently owned by Revo Inc, owned by Armand Rivard, although the company was put up for sale again in August 2018.
Józef Chełmoński
Józef Marian Chełmoński (7 November 1849 – 6 April 1914) was a Polish painter, known for his realistic paintings of landscapes, rural scenes and genre scenes presenting historical and social contexts of the late Romantic period in partitioned Poland. He is renowned for monumental paintings, which are now in the collections of the National Museum in Warsaw. National Museum in Kraków, the Sukiennice National Art Gallery in Kraków and other museums in Poland and abroad.

History of Poland (1795–1918)
From 1795 to 1918, Poland was split between Prussia, the Habsburg monarchy, and Russia and had no independent existence. In 1795 the third and the last of the three 18th-century partitions of Poland ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Nevertheless, events both within and outside the Polish lands kept hopes for restoration of Polish independence alive throughout the 19th century. Poland's geopolitical location on the Northern European Lowlands became especially important in a period when its expansionist neighbors, the Kingdom of Prussia and Imperial Russia, involved themselves intensely in European rivalries and alliances as modern nation-states took form over the entire continent.