hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Coat of arms of Beverwijk
The coat of arms of Beverwijk is a coat of arms that has been renewed several times. The coat of arms of Beverwijk is the only coat of arms of a Dutch municipality that is surrounded by a cloak. This is highly unusual in the Netherlands, where such a cloak is normally reserved for nobility, the pope and national coats of arms.

Beverwijk
Beverwijk (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌbeːvərˈʋɛik] ⓘ) is an industrial port city in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. The town is located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Amsterdam in the Randstad metropolitan area, north of the North Sea Canal very close to the North Sea coast. A railway tunnel and two motorway tunnels cross the canal between Beverwijk and the nearby city of Haarlem on the south side of the canal.

Around 1640, a town called Beverwyck was founded in the Dutch colony of New Netherland. That town would become the city of Albany, the state capital of New York.
PROPT
The PROPT MATLAB Optimal Control Software is a new generation platform for solving applied optimal control (with ODE or DAE formulation) and parameters estimation problems.

The platform was developed by MATLAB Programming Contest Winner, Per Rutquist in 2008. The most recent version has support for binary and integer variables as well as an automated scaling module.

Estimation theory
Estimation theory is a branch of statistics that deals with estimating the values of parameters based on measured empirical data that has a random component.  The parameters describe an underlying physical setting in such a way that their value affects the distribution of the measured data. An estimator attempts to approximate the unknown parameters using the measurements.
In estimation theory, two approaches are generally considered:

The probabilistic approach (described in this article) assumes that the measured data is random with a probability distribution dependent on the parameters of interest

The set-membership approach assumes that the measured data vector belongs to a set which depends on the parameter vector.
South Gibson School Corporation
The South Gibson School Corporation is the largest of the three public school governing institutions in both enrollment and territory covered in Gibson County, Indiana as well as one of the ten largest in enrollment in Southwestern Indiana. The SGSC is responsible for a district including four townships of southern and southwestern Gibson County; Johnson, Montgomery, Union, Wabash, and parts of Barton, Center and Patoka Townships within Gibson County as well as drawing in students from Northern Vanderburgh and Posey Counties. It consists of a superintendent, a five-member school board, eight principals and vice principals and employs around 190 teachers and specialists. The SGSC's renovation of the then-35-year-old Gibson Southern High School was complete as of 2010-11 School Year.

Patoka Township, Gibson County, Indiana
Patoka Township is one of ten townships in Gibson County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 11,527 (down from 11,864 at 2010) and it contained 5,309 housing units. It is the largest township in population, accounting for roughly 30% of the county's total population.
Japanese destroyer Asakaze
Four Japanese destroyers have been named Asakaze :

Japanese destroyer Asakaze (1905), a Kamikaze-class destroyer launched in 1905 and scuttled in 1929

Japanese destroyer Asakaze (1922), a Kamikaze-class destroyer launched in 1922 and sunk in 1944

JDS Asakaze (DD-181), a Gleaves-class destroyer launched in 1941 as USS Ellyson she was acquired by Japan in 1954 and served until 1970

JDS Asakaze (DDG-169), a Tachikaze-class destroyer commissioned in 1979 and stricken in 2008

Kamikaze-class destroyer (1905)
The Kamikaze-class destroyers (神風型駆逐艦, Kamikaze-gata kuchikukan; "divine wind") were a class of thirty-two torpedo boat destroyers (TBDs) of the Imperial Japanese Navy. The Kamikaze class of destroyers were the first destroyers to be mass-produced in Japan. The class is also sometimes referred to as the Asakaze class. This class of destroyer should not be confused with the later Kamikaze-class destroyers built in 1922, which participated in the Pacific War.
Drug Use for Grown-Ups
Drug Use for Grown-Ups: Chasing Liberty in the Land of Fear is a 2021 book by Columbia University professor Carl Hart. In part a memoir that discusses Hart's own experiences as a heroin user, the book analyzes the science of addiction and advocates recreational drug use as part of the "pursuit of happiness". Hart asserts that “recreational drugs can be used safely to enhance many vital human activities” and bases the claims in his book on decades of research on the behavioral and physiological effects of drugs in humans.

Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness
"Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness" is a well-known phrase from the United States Declaration of Independence. The phrase gives three examples of the unalienable rights which the Declaration says have been given to all humans by their creator, and which governments are created to protect. Like the other principles in the Declaration of Independence, this phrase is not legally binding, but has been widely referenced and seen as an inspiration for the basis of government.
Miserere (Allegri)
Miserere (full title: Miserere mei, Deus, Latin for "Have mercy on me, O God") is a setting of Psalm 51 (Psalm 50 in Septuagint numbering) by Italian composer Gregorio Allegri. It was composed during the reign of Pope Urban VIII, probably during the 1630s, for the exclusive use of the Sistine Chapel during the Tenebrae services of Holy Week, and its mystique was increased by unwritten performance traditions and ornamentation. It is written for three choirs, two of five and four voices respectively, with a third choir singing plainsong responses, each singing alternately and joining to sing the ending in one of the most recognised and enduring examples of polyphony, in this case in a 9-part rendition.

Falsobordone
Falsobordone is a style of recitation found in music from the 15th to the 18th centuries. Most often associated with the harmonization of Gregorian psalm tones, it is based on root position triads and is first known to have appeared in southern Europe in the 1480s.
Proffer
A proffer is an offer made prior to any formal negotiations.

In a trial, to proffer (sometimes profer) is to offer evidence in support of an argument (for example, as used in U.S. law), or elements of an affirmative defense or offense. A party with the burden of proof must proffer sufficient evidence to carry that burden. For example, in support of a particular argument, a party may proffer documentary evidence or witnesses.

Where a party is denied the right to introduce evidence because that evidence would be inflammatory, hearsay, or would lack sufficient authentication, that party must make a proffer of what the evidence would have shown in order to preserve the issue for appeal through a formal procedure, such as an offer of proof.

As in business, a proffer can be a sign of  "good faith" a first offer or proposal, to show a willingness to "barter".

Affirmative defense
An affirmative defense to a civil lawsuit or criminal charge is a fact or set of facts other than those alleged by the plaintiff or prosecutor which, if proven by the defendant, defeats or mitigates the legal consequences of the defendant's otherwise unlawful conduct. In civil lawsuits, affirmative defenses include the statute of limitations, the statute of frauds, waiver, and other affirmative defenses such as, in the United States, those listed in Rule 8 (c) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. In criminal prosecutions, examples of affirmative defenses are self defense, insanity, entrapment and the statute of limitations.
Transit police
Transit police (also known as transport police, railway police, railroad police and several other terms) are specialized police agencies employed either by a common carrier, such as a transit district, railway, railroad, bus line, or another mass transit provider or  municipality, county, district, or state.

Transit law enforcement services may also be provided by a specialized unit within a larger local law enforcement agency. Their mandate is generally to prevent and investigate all crime committed against the carrier or its passengers and crime incidentally committed on or around the carrier's property.

Utah Transit Authority Police Department
The Utah Transit Authority Police Public Safety Department is the law enforcement arm of the Utah Transit Authority (UTA) transit district in northern Utah, United States, with headquarters in Murray. UTA is a public transit district government agency made up of the participating municipalities, counties, and the State of Utah. The UTA Police Department is responsible for law enforcement services, crime investigations, crime prevention, and public safety throughout the light rail, commuter rail and bus transit systems, within the UTA transit district.
Harald Victor Hove
Harald Victor Hove (born 25 February 1983) is a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.

He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Hordaland during the terms 2005–2009 and 2009–2013. In total he met during 19 days of parliamentary session.

Hordaland
Hordaland (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈhɔ̂rdɑlɑn] ⓘ) was a county in Norway, bordering Sogn og Fjordane, Buskerud, Telemark, and Rogaland counties. Hordaland was the third largest county, after Akershus and Oslo, by population. The county government was the Hordaland County Municipality, which is located in Bergen. Before 1972, the city of Bergen was its own separate county, apart from Hordaland. On 1 January 2020, the county was merged with neighbouring Sogn og Fjordane county, to form the new Vestland county.
Fulvous
Fulvous /ˈfʊlvəs/ is a colour, sometimes described as dull orange, brownish-yellow or tawny; it can also be likened to a variation of buff, beige or butterscotch.  As an adjective it is used in the names of many species of birds, and occasionally other animals, to describe their appearance. It is also used as in mycology to describe fungi with greater colour specificity, specifically the pigmentation of the surface cuticle, the broken flesh and the spores en masse.

The first recorded use of fulvous as a colour name in English was in the year 1664. Fulvous in English is derived from the Latin "fulvus", a term that can be recognised in the scientific binomials of several species, and can provide a clue to their colouration.

Ulmus rubra
Ulmus rubra, the slippery elm, is a species of elm native to eastern North America. Other common names include red elm, gray elm, soft elm, moose elm, and Indian elm. It is closely related to the European wych elm (U. glabra), which has a very similar flower structure but lacks the pubescence over the seed.
Tierra Firme F.C.
Tierra Firme Fútbol Club is a Panamanian football team playing at Liga Nacional de Ascenso. It is based in San Miguelito and it was founded in 1985. Up until 2011, the team played under the name of Paraíso Fútbol Club.

San Miguelito District
San Miguelito is a city and district (distrito) of Panamá Province in Panama. The population according to the 2023 Panamanian census was 280,777. The district covers an area of 50.1 km². San Miguelito district is completely enclaved within Panama District (which completely surrounds it) and it is included in the Panama City Metropolitan Area.

Football player Luis Tejada was born in San Miguelito, and both Blas Pérez and Kevin Kurányi were once residents of the district.
Darcina Manuel
Darcina Manuel (born 24 September 1992) is a New Zealand judoka. She competed in the Women's 57 kg event at the 2014 Commonwealth Games where she won a bronze medal.

Of Māori descent, Manuel affiliates to the Ngāti Porou iwi.

Ngāti Porou
Ngāti Porou is a Māori iwi traditionally located in the East Cape and Gisborne regions of the North Island of New Zealand. It has the second-largest affiliation of any iwi, behind Ngāpuhi, with an estimated 102,480 people according to the 2023 census. The traditional rohe or tribal area of Ngāti Porou extends from Pōtikirua and Lottin Point in the north to Te Toka-a-Taiau (a rock that used to sit in the mouth of Gisborne harbour) in the south. The Ngāti Porou iwi comprises 58 hapū (sub-tribes) and 48 mārae (meeting grounds).

Mount Hikurangi features prominently in Ngāti Porou traditions as a symbol of endurance and strength, and holds tapu status. In these traditions, Hikurangi is often personified. Ngāti Porou traditions indicate that Hikurangi was the first point to surface when Māui fished up the North Island from beneath the ocean. His canoe, the Nuku-tai-memeha, is said to have been wrecked there. The Waiapu River also features in Ngāti Porou traditions.
Jiangkou County
Jiangkou County (Chinese: 江口县; pinyin: Jiāngkǒu Xiàn) is a county under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Tongren, in the northeast of Guizhou Province, China. The county government is located in Shuangjiang.

County (China)
Counties (县) are found in the third level of the administrative hierarchy in provinces and autonomous regions and the second level in municipalities and Hainan, a level that is known as "county level" and also contains autonomous counties, county-level cities, banners, autonomous banners and city districts. There are 1,355 counties in mainland China out of a total of 2,851 county-level divisions.

The term xian is sometimes translated as "district" or "prefecture" when put in the context of Chinese history.
Time Change... A Natural Progression
Time Change... A Natural Progression is the debut studio album by Sherbet released in December 1972. The album includes the bands hit singles "Can You Feel It, Baby?", "Free the People", "You're All Woman" and "You've Got the Gun". The album peaked at number 66 on the Kent Music Report.

Kent Music Report
The Kent Music Report was a weekly record chart of Australian music singles and albums which was compiled by music historian David Kent from May 1974 through to January 1999. The chart was re-branded the Australian Music Report (AMR) in July 1987. From June 1988, the Australian Recording Industry Association, which had been using the top 50 portion of the report under licence since mid-1983, chose to produce their own listing as the ARIA Charts.

Before the Kent Report, Go-Set magazine published weekly Top 40 Singles from 1966, and albums chart from 1970 until the magazine's demise in August 1974.

David Kent later published Australian charts from 1940 to 1973 in a retrospective fashion, using state by state chart data obtained from various Australian radio stations.
Langrishe
Langrishe is the surname of:

Langrishe Baronets of Knocktopher Abbey, Kilkenny, Ireland
Hercules Langrishe, 1st Baronet (1729–1811) politician

Caroline Langrishe (b. 1958) English actress

Jack Langrishe (1825–1895) Irish-born American actor and impresario

May Langrishe (1864–1939), Irish tennis player, first Irish champion

John Du Plessis Langrishe FRSE (1883–1947)

May Langrishe
Mary Isabella "May" Langrishe (31 December 1864 – 24 January 1939) was an Irish tennis player. In the most important tennis tournaments of the late 19th century she won the singles title at the presitigous Irish Championships held at the Fitzwilliam Lawn Tennis Club three times in 1879, 1883 and 1886, the Northern Championships in 1880, and was a semi finalist at the Wimbledon Championships in 1891. She was active between 1879 and 1892 and won 20 career singles titles.
Taber, Alberta
Taber (/ˈteɪbər/ TAY-bər) is a town in southern Alberta, Canada that is surrounded by the Municipal District of Taber. It is approximately 51 km (32 mi) east of the City of Lethbridge at the intersection of Highway 3 and Highway 36.

Taber is famous for its corn due to the large amounts of sunshine the area receives. It is therefore known as the Corn Capital of Canada and holds an annual "Cornfest" in the last week of August.

Southern Alberta
Southern Alberta is a region located in the Canadian province of Alberta.  In 2016, the region's population was approximately 291,112. The primary cities are Lethbridge and Medicine Hat. The region is known mostly for agricultural production, but other sectors, such as alternative energy, film production and tourism, are emerging.
Powder River Bridge
The Powder River Bridge is a bridge spanning the Powder River just above its confluence with the Yellowstone River in Prairie County, Montana.  It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 4, 2010.  It is a steel truss style bridge built in 1946.  The bridge is 633 feet in length consisting of a 203-foot main truss span and two 163-foot truss spans.

Yellowstone River
The Yellowstone River is a tributary of the Missouri River, approximately 671 miles (1,080 km) long, in the Western United States. Considered the principal tributary of the upper Missouri, via its own tributaries it drains an area with headwaters across the mountains and high plains of southern Montana and northern Wyoming, and stretching east from the Rocky Mountains in the vicinity of Yellowstone National Park. It flows northeast to its confluence with the Missouri River on the North Dakota side of the border, about 25 miles (40 km) west of Williston.
My Kind of Country (American TV series)
My Kind of Country is an American country music competition television series that features international competitors. It is created by Reese Witherspoon and Kacey Musgraves. My Kind of Country premiered on Apple TV+ on March 24, 2023.

The show is judged by country musicians Mickey Guyton, Jimmie Allen, and Orville Peck. The judges each choose four country artists from around the world to join their team, guide their teams of selected artists through various showcases and workshops, and make decisions as to which musicians advance to the next round, and which are eliminated.

Micaela Kleinsmith from Cape Town, South Africa, is the first winner of My Kind of Country. As her prize, Kleinsmith received $100,000 and extensive advertisement from Apple Music.

Music competition
A music competition is a public event designed to identify and award outstanding musical ensembles, soloists, composers, conductors, musicologists or compositions. Pop music competitions are music competitions which are held to find pop starlets.

Examples of music competitions in popular music include the Eurovision Song Contest, the Sanremo Music Festival, Open Mic UK, the All-Japan Band Association annual contest, Live and Unsigned, and American Idol.
Scott baronets of Rotherfield Park (1962)
The Scott baronetcy, of Rotherfield Park in the County of Southampton, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 16 February 1962 for Jervoise Bolitho Scott. He was for many years a member of the Hampshire County Council. His son, the second Baronet, served as Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire from 1982 to 1993.

Hampshire County Council
Hampshire County Council (HCC) is the upper-tier local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Hampshire in England. The council was created in 1889. The county council provides county-level services to eleven of the thirteen districts geographically located within the ceremonial county of Hampshire. The county council acts as the upper tier of local government to approximately 1.4 million people. It is one of 21 county councils in England.

Whilst they form part of the ceremonial county of Hampshire, the two cities of Southampton and Portsmouth are unitary authorities, independent from Hampshire County Council. The county council comprises 78 elected councillors, who meet in the city of Winchester, which is the county town.

Since 1997, the council has been controlled by the Conservatives.
Frank Devlin (athlete)
Frank Patrick "Dick" Devlin (November 10, 1884 in New York, New York – January 6, 1938 in Bronx, New York) was an American track and field athlete who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics in the marathon. He finished twelfth of the fifteen finishers, but moved up to eleventh after Frederick Lorz was disqualified.

1904 Summer Olympics
The 1904 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the III Olympiad and also known as St. Louis 1904) were an international multi-sport event held in St. Louis, Missouri, United States, from 1 July to 23 November 1904. Many events were conducted at what is now known as Francis Field on the campus of Washington University in St. Louis. This was the first time that the Olympic Games were held outside Europe.

Tensions caused by the Russo–Japanese War and difficulties in traveling to St. Louis resulted in very few top-class athletes from outside the United States and Canada taking part in the 1904 Games. Only 69–74 of the 651 athletes who competed came from outside North America, and only between 12 and 15 nations were represented in all. Some events subsequently combined the U.S. national championship with the Olympic championship. The current three-medal format of gold, silver and bronze for first, second and third place was introduced at the 1904 Olympics.
William Adam (malacologist)
William Adam (27 January 1909 – 3 November 1988) was a Dutch–Belgian malacologist who specialised in cephalopods. Adam described a number of cuttlefish and bobtail squid species, including Euprymna hoylei, Sepia cottoni, Sepia dollfusi, Sepia dubia, Sepia reesi, Sepia sewelli, Sepia thurstoni, Sepia vercoi,  and Sepiola knudseni.

Adam was born in The Hague, the son of Constance Jeannette Barkhuijsen and the merchant sailor William Adam. After his schooling in The Hague he visited Java in 1926-27. Upon his return home he studied biology at Utrecht University, obtaining his PhD in 1933 with a dissertation on terrestrial mollusk glands. He then took a position at the Museum of Natural Sciences in Brussels, where he climbed the ranks. In 1952 he became a Belgian citizen.
In 1957 Adam became correspondent of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Adam died in Brussels on 3 November 1988 at the age of 79.

Sepia vercoi
Sepia vercoi is a species of cuttlefish native to the southeastern Indian Ocean, specifically the waters off Western Australia (18°31′S 118°09′E﻿ / ﻿18.517°S 118.150°E﻿ / -18.517; 118.150 to 25°31′S 112°29′E﻿ / ﻿25.517°S 112.483°E﻿ / -25.517; 112.483). It lives at depths of 76 to 201 m.

Both sexes of S. vercoi grow to 46 mm in mantle length.

The type specimen was collected west of Shark Bay, Western Australia (25°31′S 112°29′E﻿ / ﻿25.517°S 112.483°E﻿ / -25.517; 112.483). It is deposited at the Western Australian Museum in Perth.
David C. H. Austin
David Charles Henshaw Austin OBE VMH (16 February 1926 – 18 December 2018) was a British rose breeder and writer who lived in Shropshire, England. His emphasis was on breeding roses with the character and fragrance of old garden roses (such as gallicas, damasks and alba roses) but with the repeat-flowering ability and wide colour range of modern roses such as hybrid teas and floribundas.

Rosa gallica
Rosa gallica, the Gallic rose, French rose, or rose of Provins, is a species of flowering plant in the rose family, native to southern and central Europe eastwards to Turkey and the Caucasus. Rosa gallica was one of the first species of rose to be cultivated in central Europe. It is a parent of several important cultivars.
Joel Belz
Joel Belz (August 10, 1941 – February 4, 2024) was an American publisher who was the founder of WORLD News Group, which began with It's God's World for Children in 1981 and today includes all of the God's World News magazines for students;  WORLD magazine, a biweekly Christian newsmagazine, launched in 1986; the World Journalism Institute, started in 1999; WORLD Watch, a daily video news program for students; various news websites; and a daily news podcast.

Christian media
Christian media refers to media that is Christian, or refers to various aspects of mass media which primarily target the Christian demographic. As a genre its conventions originated in  sermons, literature, and gospel music, and it has been adapted into film, radio, video games, and contemporary music.