hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edward Karslake
Edward Kent Karslake (1820 – 31 May 1892) was a British Conservative Party politician.

Karslake was educated at Harrow School and Christ Church Oxford - 1st Class Classics BA 1841. He became a fellow of Bailliol College 1840-1850 and practiced as a Barrister from 1846.
He was elected MP for Colchester at a by-election in 1867 but lost the seat at the next election in 1868.

Colchester (UK Parliament constituency)
Colchester is a constituency in Essex represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Pam Cox of the Labour Party.

The seat was previously held by Conservative MP Will Quince, who announced in June 2023 that he would not be standing for re-election.
NGC 2648
NGC 2648 is an unbarred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Cancer. Its speed relative to the cosmic microwave background is 2,451 ± 19 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 36.2 ± 2.6 Mpc (~118 million ly). NGC 2648 was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel in 1784.

The galaxies PGC 24469 and NGC 2648 are designated in Halton Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies as Arp 89.

The luminosity class of NGC 2648 is I and it has a broad HI line.

NGC 2648 is a retired galaxy, which is a galaxy in which star formation has practically ceased is said to be passive. However, some passive galaxies may still show faint emission lines similar to those of LINER galaxies. This is what a team of French and Brazilian astronomers discovered. It is from them that the name retired galaxy comes.

To date, three non-redshift measurements give a distance of 34.333 ± 0.231 Mpc (~112 million ly), which is within the Hubble distance values.

Halton Arp
Halton Christian "Chip" Arp  (March 21, 1927 – December 28, 2013) was an American astronomer.  He is remembered for his 1966 book Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies, which catalogued unusual-looking galaxies and presented their images.

Arp was also known as a critic of the Big Bang theory and for advocating a non-standard cosmology incorporating intrinsic redshift. Arp developed those views in a book, Seeing Red: Redshift, Cosmology and Academic Science, in 1998.
2019 Rio Open – Doubles
David Marrero and Fernando Verdasco were the defending champions, but Verdasco chose not to defend the title and Marrero chose to compete in Marseille instead.

Máximo González and Nicolás Jarry won the title, defeating Thomaz Bellucci and Rogério Dutra Silva in the final, 6–7(3–7), 6–3, [10–7].

David Marrero
David Marrero Santana (Spanish pronunciation: [daˈβið maˈreɾo sanˈtana]; born 8 April 1980) is a Spanish former professional tennis player. Marrero won 14 doubles titles and reached a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 5 in November 2013.
Aleksandr Tatischev
Count Alexandr Ivanovich Tatischev (Russian: Александр Иванович Татищев; August 8 (19), 1763 – June 17 (29), 1833) was a Russian military leader of the Napoleonic Wars, infantry general (1823) and Minister of War from 1823 to 1827.

Order of Saint Vladimir
The Imperial Order of Saint Prince Vladimir (Russian: орден Святого Владимира) was an Imperial Russian order established on 3 October [O.S. 22 September] 1782 by Empress Catherine II in memory of the deeds of Saint Vladimir, the Grand Prince and the Baptizer of the Kievan Rus'.
Ashton Community Science College
Ashton Community Science College is a coeducational secondary school located in the Ashton-on-Ribble area of Preston in the English county of Lancashire.

It is a community school administered by Lancashire County Council. The school also has a specialism in science. Feeder primary schools include Ashton Primary School and St Andrews CE Primary School in Ashton-on-Ribble, Lea Community Primary School and Lea Endowed CE Primary School in Lea, and Cottam Primary School in Cottam.

Ashton Community Science College offers GCSEs, BTECs and OCR Nationals as programmes of study for pupils. The school also offers The Duke of Edinburgh's Award programme.

The school was originally called Ashton-on-Ribble High School.

OCR Nationals
OCR Nationals are vocationally related qualifications which were officially launched by the OCR Board in September 2004.  The qualifications are designed to meet the needs of those seeking vocational education in place of the traditional, theory-intensive, academic route. Although the target audience are teenagers (14-19), the qualifications are also suitable for adult learners, much like the GNVQ.  The OCR Nationals are being phased out, and replaced by the Cambridge Nationals.
Eirik Hundvin
Eirik Hundvin (born 8 February 1950), also known as Pytten, is a Norwegian producer, musician and recording engineer. He is widely known for producing and collaborating with influential acts in the Norwegian black metal scene, including Mayhem, Burzum, Immortal, Emperor, Satyricon, Enslaved, Gorgoroth, Borknagar and Taake. Hundvin worked out of Grieghallen Lydstudio at the Grieg Hall in Bergen from 1989 to 2013, when it was closed. He has been a member of Tornerose and Blind Date as a bassist. Hundvin is the father of handball player and media personality Mia Hundvin.

Gorgoroth
Gorgoroth is a Norwegian black metal band based in Bergen. It was formed in 1992 by guitarist Infernus, who is the sole original member remaining, and has released nine studio albums. Gorgoroth are a Satanic band and have drawn controversy due to some of their concerts, which have featured impaled sheep heads and mock crucifixions. The band is named after the dead plateau of darkness in the land of Mordor from J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings.
In Stereo (Clouseau album)
In Stereo is the eighth studio album recorded by Belgian pop band Clouseau. The album was produced by Jean Blaute and Kris Wauters, and released through EMI on 12 March 1999.

The album debuted at number one on the Belgium (Flanders) Ultratop 50 chart and remained at the top spot for seven weeks; it stayed in the top ten for 12 weeks, and spent a total of 25 weeks on the chart. It also spent ten weeks on the Netherlands GfK Dutch Chart, peaking at number 28.

In Stereo was certified Platinum (Belgium) on 23 April 1999.

Dutch Charts
Dutch Charts, GfK Dutch Charts, MegaCharts is a chart company responsible for producing a number of official charts in the Netherlands, of which the Single Top 100 and the Album Top 100 are the most known ones. It is owned by German market research company GfK, a subsidiary of NIQ.
René Friedl
René Friedl (born 17 July 1967 in Friedrichroda) is an East German-German luger who has competed during the late 1980s and early 1990s. He won two medals in the mixed team event at the FIL World Luge Championships with a gold in 1993 and a silver in 1989.

Friedl also won four medals at the FIL European Luge Championships with three golds (Men's singles: 1992, Mixed team (1990, 1992) and one silver (Mixed team: 1994). His best overall Luge World Cup seasonal finish was second in the men's singles in 1986-7.

Friedl also finished eighth in the men's singles event at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville.

Since 2005, he has been head coach of the Austrian luge team.

FIL European Luge Championships 1992
The FIL European Luge Championships 1992 took place in Winterberg, Germany for the second time, after hosting the event previously in 1982. It marked the first time East Germany and West Germany competed as a unified German team since the country reunified in 1990, and in the championships since 1939.
Phil Harris (cricketer)
Philip Graham Harris (born 12 May 1990) is an English cricketer. Harris is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium pace. He was born at Worcester, Worcestershire.

Harris was educated at The Chase School, before studying for a degree in Sports Conditioning, Rehabilitation and Massage at the University of Wales Institute, Cardiff. While studying there, he made his debut in first-class cricket for Cardiff MCCU against Somerset at Taunton Vale Sports Club Ground. He made a second first-class appearance in that same season against Warwickshire at Edgbaston. He also made his minor counties debut for Herefordshire against Northumberland in the 2012 MCCA Knockout Trophy at The Park, Brockhampton. He is also a member of the Unicorns squad for the 2012 Clydesdale Bank 40.

Unicorns (cricket team)
Unicorns were a cricket team in England that was formed in 2010 specifically to play in the Clydesdale Bank 40 limited overs competition. They played in that competition until 2013 and from 2014 to 2018 the Unicorns team competed in the Second XI one-day and Twenty20 competitions. The 2014 season also included a 50-over match against Sri Lanka A. Members of the squad were all players without current full-time contracts with one of the regular first-class counties.

In only their sixth competitive game, Unicorns entered the record books for scoring the highest total in the second innings of a 40-over game, beating Sussex by successfully chasing 325.

The team was wound up at the end of the 2018 season for financial and logistical reasons.
2021 Evros floods
During the period of 12 January and February 2021, the rivers Erythropotamos (Greek: Ερυθροπόταμος) and Evros (Greek: Έβρος) also known as Maritsa (Bulgarian: Марица, Turkish: Meriç) overflowed twice because of heavy rainstorms resulting in severe floods of the areas around the rivers, that led to 1 death and serious damages to private and public property. The floods were described by the media and residents as "one of the biggest disasters the area has ever faced".

Residents of the area were forced to abandon their cars and homes because of the rising, powerful floodwaters. The residents of the southern area of the village Polia were forced to evacuate because of a broken embankment in the area, and were taken by a bus to a hotel in Didymoteicho temporarily, to prevent injuries and deaths.

Soufli
Soufli (Greek: Σουφλί, romanized: Souflí) is a town in the Evros regional unit, Greece, notable for the silk industry that flourished there in the 19th century. The town stands on the eastern slope of the twin hill of Prophet Elias, one of the easternmost spurs on the Rhodope Mountains. It is situated in the center of the Evros regional unit, 65 km north of Alexandroupoli and 50 km southwest of Orestiada, on Greek National Road 51/E85 which links Alexandroupoli with Edirne and  the Bulgarian border at Ormenio. The town center is only 500m from the Evros River. Soufli is the seat of the municipality of Soufli.
Warp Drive Inc
Warp Drive Inc is an American manufacturer of composite propellers for ultralight aircraft, ultralight trikes, light-sport aircraft, amateur-built aircraft, gyrocopter, airboats and other non-certified applications. The company is based in Ventura, Iowa.

The company makes its propellers from solid carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer.

Airboat
An airboat (also known as a bayou boat, fanboat, planeboat, or swamp boat) is a flat-bottomed watercraft propelled by an aircraft-type propeller and powered by either an aircraft or automotive engine. It is commonly used for fishing, hunting, recreation, and ecotourism.

Airboats are a common means of transportation in marshy or shallow areas where a standard inboard or outboard engine with a submerged propeller would be impractical, most notably in the Florida Everglades but also in the Kissimmee and St. Johns rivers, and the Mekong River and Delta, as well as the Louisiana bayous and Mesopotamian Marshes.
Linear temporal logic
In logic, linear temporal logic or linear-time temporal logic (LTL) is a modal temporal logic with modalities referring to time. In LTL, one can encode formulae about the future of paths, e.g., a condition will eventually be true, a condition will be true until another fact becomes true, etc. It is a fragment of the more complex CTL*, which additionally allows branching time and quantifiers. LTL is sometimes called propositional temporal logic (PTL).
In terms of expressive power, LTL is a fragment of first-order logic.

LTL was first proposed for the formal verification of computer programs by Amir Pnueli in 1977.

Path (graph theory)
In graph theory, a path in a graph is a finite or infinite sequence of edges which joins a sequence of vertices which, by most definitions, are all distinct (and since the vertices are distinct, so are the edges). A directed path (sometimes called dipath) in a directed graph is a finite or infinite sequence of edges which joins a sequence of distinct vertices, but with the added restriction that the edges be all directed in the same direction.

Paths are fundamental concepts of graph theory, described in the introductory sections of most graph theory texts. See e.g. Bondy & Murty (1976), Gibbons (1985), or Diestel (2005). Korte et al. (1990) cover more advanced algorithmic topics concerning paths in graphs.
Sudhir Kumar Baliyan
Sudhir Kumar Baliyan is a leader of Bharatiya Janata Party from Uttar Pradesh. He served as cabinet minister in Kalyan Singh ministry.  He was a member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly elected from Khatauli in Muzaffarnagar district.

Muzaffarnagar district
Muzaffarnagar district (Hindi pronunciation: [mʊzəfːəɾ.nəgəɾ], also [mʊd͡ʒəp.pʰəɾ.nəgəɾ]) is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India.  It is part of Saharanpur division. The city of Muzaffarnagar is the district headquarters. This district is the part of National Capital Region. Muzaffarnagar district is located north western Uttar Pradesh.
Chicago Region Environmental and Transportation Efficiency Program
The Chicago Region Environmental and Transportation Efficiency (CREATE) Program is a $4.6 billion program to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of freight, commuter and intercity passenger rail and to reduce highway delay in the Chicago region. The Program consists of 70 projects, which includes constructing grade separations, flyovers and other rail projects to ease both rail and roadway congestion. The status of each of the 70 projects varies, with many having been completed, others in design or construction and some not yet started. Costs for the projects are covered by public and private funding from the Program's partners: the United States Department of Transportation, the Illinois Department of Transportation, Cook County, the City of Chicago, and public and private railroads (represented by the Association of American Railroads).

Grade separation
In civil engineering (and more specifically, highway or railway engineering), grade separation is a method of aligning a junction of two or more surface transport axes at different heights (grades) so that they will not disrupt the traffic flow on other transit routes when they cross each other.  The composition of such transport axes does not have to be uniform; it can consist of a mixture of roads, footpaths, railways, canals, or airport runways. Bridges (or overpasses, also called flyovers), tunnels (or underpasses), or a combination of both can be built at a junction to achieve the needed grade separation.

In North America, a grade-separated junction may be referred to as a grade separation or as an interchange—in contrast with an intersection, at-grade, a diamond crossing or a level crossing, which are not grade-separated.
James River Bridge, Alberta
James River Bridge is an unincorporated community in central Alberta in Clearwater County, located 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) east of Highway 22, 65 kilometres (40 mi) southwest of Red Deer.  Its first school opened in 1921.

Clearwater County, Alberta
Clearwater County is a municipal district in west central Alberta, Canada in Division No. 9. Its northwest boundary is the Brazeau River. The municipal office is located in the Town of Rocky Mountain House. The county has a land area of 18,691.65 km2 (7,216.89 sq mi) and comprises close to 99% of Census Division No. 9's land area of 18,921.38 km2 (7,305.59 sq mi). Although the territory excluded is rather small in geographical area, it comprises the major population centre of Rocky Mountain House, which has one-third of Division No. 9's population, in addition to the communities of Burnstick Lake and three Indian reserves. Clearwater County's 2021 census population was 11,865, which was prior to amalgamation with Caroline in 2025.
James Burrowes
James Taylor Burrowes (28 February 1914 – 15 October 2003) was a Jamaican first-class cricketer and medical doctor.

Burrowes was born at Rae Town in the Colony of Jamaica. He later studied in England at St John's College at the University of Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar. While studying at Oxford, he made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Oxford University against a combined Minor Counties team at Oxford in 1934. Opening the batting for Oxford in their only innings, Burrowes was run out for 3 runs. He bowled eight overs across the match, conceding 37 runs without taking a wicket.

After graduating from Oxford, Burrowes became a physician specialising in obstetrics and gynecology. He spent the last eleven years of his life in Miami, where he died in October 2003.

St John's College, Oxford
St John's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford. Founded as a men's college in 1555, it has been coeducational since 1979. Its founder, Sir Thomas White, intended to provide a source of educated Roman Catholic clerics to support the Counter-Reformation under Queen Mary.

St John's is the wealthiest college in Oxford, with assets worth over £790 million as of 2022, largely due to nineteenth-century suburban development of land in the city of Oxford of which it is the ground landlord.

The college occupies a site on St Giles' and in 2024 had a student body of 419 undergraduates and 244 postgraduates. There are over 100 academic staff, and a like number of other staff. In 2018 St John's topped the Norrington Table, the annual ranking of Oxford colleges' final results, and in 2021, St John's ranked second with a score of 79.8.
Carlos Manuel Piedra
Carlos Manuel Piedra y Piedra (or Carlos Modesto Piedra y Piedra) (1895–1988) was a Cuban politician who served as the Interim President of Cuba for nearly a day (January 1, 1959) during the transition of power between Fulgencio Batista and revolutionary leader Fidel Castro in the Cuban Revolution. Piedra was appointed interim president by a junta led by Major General Eulogio Cantillo in accordance with the 1940 Cuban Constitution. Piedra had previously been the eldest judge of the Supreme Court. The appointment of Piedra, the last president to be born under Spanish Cuba, was met with opposition from Castro, who believed that Manuel Urrutia should be appointed.

He was married to María Luisa Martínez Díaz and had two daughters, Isis and Flavia Piedra Martínez.

Constitution of Cuba
Even before attaining its independence from Spain, Cuba had several constitutions either proposed or adopted by insurgents as governing documents for territory they controlled during their war against Spain. Cuba has had several constitutions since winning its independence. The first constitution since the Cuban Revolution was drafted in 1976 and has since been amended. In 2018, Cuba became engaged in a major revision of its constitution. The current communist state constitution was then enacted in 2019.
165 University Avenue
165 University Avenue or Lucky Building or Karma Building is a small rented office building on University Avenue, the main commercial street in downtown Palo Alto, California, that gave rise to Plug and Play Tech Center and to the Amidi Group. It is run by Rahim & Saeed Amidi, whose family fled from the Iranian revolution in the 1970s. Located near Stanford University, the building has served as an incubator for several noted Silicon Valley companies, including Logitech, Google, PayPal, Danger, Inc (bought by Microsoft), BridgeBio Pharma,  BetterWorks, Milo.com (bought by eBay), WePay (acquired by J.P. Morgan) and Yummly (bought by Whirlpool). YouTube also provides this location as the example address when setting the location of an uploaded video. Until 2000, the ground floor was home to a Palo Alto institution, Chimaera Books & Music. Like many independent bookstores, its closure was due, in part, to competition from the dot com economy.

Dot-com company
A dot-com company, or simply a dot-com (alternatively rendered dot.com, dot com, dotcom or .com), is a company that conducts most of its businesses on the Internet, usually through a website on the World Wide Web that uses the popular top-level domain ".com". As of 2021, .com is by far the most used TLD, with almost half of all registrations.

The suffix .com in a URL usually (but not always) refers to a commercial or for-profit entity, as opposed to a non-commercial entity or non-profit organization, which usually use .org. The name for the domain came from the word commercial, as that is the main intended use. Since the .com companies are web-based, often their products or services are delivered via web-based mechanisms, even when physical products are involved. On the other hand, some .com companies do not offer any physical products.
Jim Carroll Stadium
Jim Carroll Stadium is a stadium in Savannah, Tennessee.  It is primarily used for American football as the home of the Hardin County High School Tigers and hosted the NAIA Football National Championship title game from 1996 to 2007.  It has a seating capacity of 5,000 people.

Savannah, Tennessee
Savannah is a city in and the county seat of Hardin County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 7,213 at the 2020 census. Savannah is located along the east side of the Tennessee River.

Savannah hosted the NAIA college football national championship game from 1996 to 2007, and is home to several places of historical significance, including the Cherry Family Mansion.
Greater Kansas City Suburban Conference
The Greater Kansas City Suburban Conference (GKCSC) is a high school athletic conference comprising large to mid-size high schools located in the greater Kansas City, Missouri metro area. The conference members are located in Buchanan, Cass, Clay, Jackson, and Platte counties.

Cass County, Missouri
Cass County is located in the western part of the U.S. state of Missouri and is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 107,824. Its county seat is Harrisonville; however, the county contains a portion of Kansas City, Missouri. The county was organized in 1835 as Van Buren County, but was renamed in 1849 after U.S. Senator Lewis Cass of Michigan, who later became a presidential candidate.
Sevier orogeny
The Sevier orogeny was a mountain-building event that affected western North America from northern Canada to the north to Mexico to the south.

The Sevier orogeny was the result of convergent boundary tectonic activity, and deformation occurred from approximately 160 million years (Ma) ago to around 50 Ma. This orogeny was caused by the subduction of the oceanic Farallon Plate underneath the continental North American Plate. Crustal thickening that led to mountain building was caused by a combination of compressive forces and conductive heating initiated by subduction, which led to deformation. The Sevier River area of central Utah is the namesake of this event.

Thrust tectonics
Thrust tectonics or contractional tectonics is concerned with the structures formed by, and the tectonic processes associated with, the shortening and thickening of the crust or lithosphere. It is one of the three main types of tectonic regime, the others being extensional tectonics and strike-slip tectonics. These match the three types of plate boundary, convergent (thrust), divergent (extensional) and transform (strike-slip). There are two main types of thrust tectonics, thin-skinned and thick-skinned, depending on whether or not basement rocks are involved in the deformation. The principle geological environments where thrust tectonics is observed are zones of continental collision, restraining bends on strike-slip faults and as part of detached fault systems on some passive margins.