hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charcot disease
Charcot disease can refer to several diseases named for Jean-Martin Charcot, such as:

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a degenerative muscle disease also known as Charcot disease or Lou Gehrig's disease

Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, an inherited demyelinating disease of the peripheral nervous system

Neuropathic arthropathy, progressive degeneration of a weight bearing joint, also known as Charcot joint disease or Charcot arthropathy

Spinal osteoarthropathy, a rare abnormal bone growth disorder in reptiles

Spinal osteoarthropathy
Spinal osteoarthropathy (also known as Charcot's disease) is a rare disease affecting reptiles (including snakes and lizards) which causes abnormal bone growth on vertebrae, giving the reptile a lumpy appearance. The growth of animals with this disease is limited (a python may only grow 2 feet (61 cm) long), and their life spans are greatly shortened.

The movement of reptiles with this ailment appears jittery and wooden, and the head movement will be greatly restricted. The condition worsens as the patient ages; the end result is a reptile fused together by its own bones. They are usually euthanized well before this stage, but in general these animals can live their short lives comfortably with little pain.
Spinal osteoarthropathy can also occur in humans.
Buparlisib
Buparlisib (codenamed AN2025 and BKM120) is an experimental anti-cancer medication. It is a small molecule orally-available pan-class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor. Buparlisib was under investigation as a treatment for advanced breast cancer but was abandoned due to negative results. It is still under investigation as a potential treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Squamous-cell carcinoma
Squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC),  also known as epidermoid carcinoma, comprises a number of different types of cancer that begin in squamous cells. These cells form on the surface of the skin, on the lining of hollow organs in the body, and on the lining of the respiratory and digestive tracts.

The squamous-cell carcinomas of different body sites can show differences in their presented symptoms, natural history, prognosis, and response to treatment.
Bourhane Hamidou
Bourhane Hamidou is a politician from Comoros who served as President and Speaker of the Assembly of Comoros. He was an independent candidate for 2016 Comorian presidential election in which he got 6,397 votes. He is the supporter of Sun Party of Comoros. In March 2015, he resigned as Speaker. He also served as Minister of Interior and Information.

In 2024, he ran again as an independent candidate in the 2024 Comorian presidential election receiving 2,709 votes, or 5.14%.

2024 Comorian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in the Comoros on 14 January 2024. Election officials initially announced on 16 January that incumbent president Azali Assoumani had been re-elected with 63% of the vote, with a voter turnout of just 16%. However, the Supreme Court approved a set of results that showed Assoumani receiving 57% of the vote, with voter turnout at 56%.
Michela Malpangotto
Michela Malpangotto is an Italian historian of science, specializing in the history of astronomy leading up to the Copernican Revolution, and its associated mathematics (especially spherical geometry and trigonometry). She is a director of research for the French National Centre for Scientific Research, affiliated with the Centre Jean Pépin at the École normale supérieure (Paris).

Spherical geometry
Spherical geometry or spherics  (from Ancient Greek  σφαιρικά) is the geometry of the two-dimensional surface of a sphere or the n-dimensional surface of higher dimensional spheres.

Long studied for its practical applications to astronomy, navigation, and geodesy, spherical geometry and the metrical tools of spherical trigonometry are in many respects analogous to Euclidean plane geometry and trigonometry, but also have some important differences.

The sphere can be studied either extrinsically as a surface embedded in 3-dimensional Euclidean space (part of the study of solid geometry), or intrinsically using methods that only involve the surface itself without reference to any surrounding space.
Committee on Defence (Sweden)
The (Parliamentary) Committee on Defence (Swedish: Försvarsutskottet, FöU) is a parliamentary committee in the Swedish Riksdag. The committee's areas of responsibility concern the military (insofar as such matters do not belong to the preparation of any other committee), the role of the population in defence policies (total defence), along with coordination inside the total defence. The committee also treats questions regarding the coast guard.

The committee's speaker is Peter Hultqvist from the Social Democratic Party since 2022 and the vice-speaker is Lars Wistedt from the Sweden Democrats since 2023.

Coast guard
A coast guard or coastguard is a maritime security organization of a particular country. The term embraces wide range of responsibilities in different countries, from being a heavily armed military force with customs and security duties to being a volunteer organization tasked with search and rescue without law enforcement authority. In most countries, a typical coast guard's functions are distinct from those of the navy (a military branch) and the transit police (a law enforcement agency), while in certain countries they have similarities to both.
North Carolina Highway 125
North Carolina Highway 125 (NC 125) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina that serves the communities of Williamston, Hamilton, Oak City, Hobgood, Scotland Neck, Halifax, and Roanoke Rapids.

Scotland Neck, North Carolina
Scotland Neck is a town in Halifax County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, Scotland Neck had a population of 1,640. It is part of the Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Sir Charlton Leighton, 4th Baronet
Sir Charlton Leighton, 4th Baronet (c.1747–9 September 1784)  was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1774 and 1784.

Leighton was the son of Sir Charlton Leighton, 3rd Baronet and his first wife Anna Maria Mytton, daughter of Richard Mytton of Halston, near Shrewsbury. He was educated at Shrewsbury School and was admitted at St John's College, Cambridge on 17 September 1763 aged 16.

In the 1774 general election Leighton contested Shrewsbury with Robert Clive and was elected as Member of Parliament, but he was unseated on petition in 1775. He succeeded his father in the baronetcy and to Loton Park on 5 May 1780.

At the 1780 general election he was returned unopposed at Shrewsbury and was again returned unopposed there in 1784.

Leighton died unmarried on 9 September 1784 and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his half-brother Robert.

Loton Park
Loton Park is a country house near Alberbury, Shrewsbury in Shropshire, on the upper reaches of the River Severn. It is a Grade II* listed building. It has been the seat of the Leighton family since 1391.

It stands in 400 acres (1.6 km2) of parkland which includes one of the two privately owned deer parks to remain in Shropshire and is notable for its population of red kites.
2012 Moscow Victory Day Parade
The 2012 Moscow Victory Day Parade was held on 9 May 2012 on Moscow's Red Square to commemorate the 67th anniversary of the capitulation of Nazi Germany in 1945. The parade marked the Soviet Union's victory in the Great Patriotic War on the very day on the signing of the German act of capitulation, on the very midnight of May 9, 1945 (Russian time). Newly inaugurated President of Russia Vladimir Putin made his ninth victory holiday address in this parade.

Pokrass brothers
The Pokrass brothers were Soviet composers and siblings who collaborated with each other:

Samuel Pokrass (1897–1939) — the elder brother; emigrated to the United States in 1920s

Dmitry Pokrass (1899–1978)

Daniil Pokrass (1905–1954) — the youngest brother, Soviet musician

Dmitry was the most famous of the brothers. He wrote most of his songs together with Daniil.

They also had a fourth brother:

Arkady Pokrass — pianist and accompanist
Irtysh Air
Irtysh-Air (Kazakh: АО Авиакомпания "Иртыш-Аир", romanized: AO Avıakompanııa "Irtysh-Aır") was an airline headquartered in Ekibastuz, Pavlodar Province, Kazakhstan. Despite the airline being based at Pavlodar Airport, it operated a domestic network within that country from its hub in Almaty International Airport. Irtysh-Air ceased operations in 2013.

Kyzylorda
Kyzylorda is a city in south-central Kazakhstan, capital of Kyzylorda Region and former capital of the Kazakh ASSR from 1925 to 1927.

The city has a population of 242,462 (2020). It historically developed around the Syr Darya river and was the site of a Kokand fortress. The population of the city with nearby villages is 312,861 (2020).
Strive to Survive Causing Least Suffering Possible
Strive to Survive Causing Least Suffering Possible is the debut album by the anarcho-punk band Flux of Pink Indians. It was released in January 1983 through the band's own label Spiderleg Records.

The album entered the indie album chart at number 10 on 31 January, and reached number 1 on 14 February. It reached number 79 on the official UK album chart.

The album was issued on compact disc through One Little Indian in 1989. It contained all the tracks from the Neu Smell EP as a bonus, though in a different order than the one in which they appear on the EP and mislabelled. The album was repressed on vinyl through Let Them Eat Vinyl in 2008, and a deluxe two-disc LP and three-disc CD editions were issued in 2013 through One Little Indian, containing demos and live recordings.

Anarcho-punk
Anarcho-punk (also known as anarchist punk) is an ideological subgenre of punk rock that promotes anarchism. The term has been broadly applied to refer to any punk music with anarchist lyrical content, which may figure in crust punk, hardcore punk, folk punk, and other styles.
Brussels International Financial Conference (1920)
The International Financial Conference was an international economic conference held in Brussels from September 25 to October 8, 1920.

86 delegates, representing 39 states, were present at the conference. Most delegates were bankers or treasury officials.

Gustav Cassel
Karl Gustav Cassel (20 October 1866 – 14 January 1945) was a Swedish economist and professor of economics at Stockholm University. Cassel was among the most prominent economists in the world in the interwar period. He made contributions to the study of value, monetary policy, and business cycles.

Cassel was influential in Swedish debates about central planning in the early 20th century. Prior to World War I, Cassel held classical liberal views but shifted towards conservative liberalism in the interwar period. Cassel was a leading critic of socialism and state intervention in the economy.
Påskefjella
Påskefjella (The Easter Mountains) is a mountain ridge in Sørkapp Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is located south of Hornsund, east of the bay Samarinvågen and glacier Samarinbreen, and west of Chomjakovbreen. The ridge comprises the mountains Tverraksla, Pinsetoppen, Påsketoppen, Julhøgda and Meranfjellet.

Hornsund
Hornsund is a fjord on the western side of the southernmost tip of northern Norway's Spitsbergen island.

The fjord's mouth faces west to the Greenland Sea, and is 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) wide. The length is 30 kilometres (19 mi), the mean depth is 90 metres (300 ft), and the maximal depth is 260 metres (850 ft). Hornsund cuts different geological formations, from the Precambrian to the west to the upper Mesozoic to the east, and it is perpendicular to the main regional fractures of Spitsbergen.

The coastline of Hornsund is diversified, with a number of bays at the mouths of mountainous glacial valleys. Some of these bays have appeared as late as the beginning of the last century due to recession of glaciers.

A Polish research station has been operating there since 1957.
Musée de Radio France
The Musée de Radio France was a museum operated by Radio France and located in the Maison de Radio-France, near the Pont de Grenelle in the XVIe arrondissement at 116, avenue du Président Kennedy, Paris, France. The museum was established in 1966, and contained a remarkable collection of radios and televisions from their origins to the present day, including the 1793 telegraph by Claude Chappe and early crystal radios. The museum's 2000 objects include prototypes and commercial devices, archival documents, photographs, and manuscripts, replicas of early radio laboratories and studios, and exhibits featuring research by Edouard Branly, Lee de Forest, Heinrich Hertz, Guglielmo Marconi, James Clerk Maxwell, and Alexander Stepanovich Popov.  In 2007, the museum was closed to the public due to the renovation of the Maison de Radio France.

Aleksandr Popov (physicist)
Alexander Stepanovich Popov (sometimes spelled Popoff; Russian: Александр Степанович Попов; March 16 [O.S. March 4] 1859 – January 13 [O.S. December 31, 1905] 1906) was a Russian physicist who was one of the first people to invent a radio receiving device.

Popov's work as a teacher at a Russian naval school led him to explore high-frequency electrical phenomena. On 7 May 1895, he presented a paper on a wireless lightning detector he had built that worked via using a coherer to detect radio noise from lightning strikes. This day is celebrated today in Russia as Radio Day. In a 24 March 1896 demonstration, he transmitted radio signals 250 meters between different campus buildings in St. Petersburg. His work was based on that of another physicist, Oliver Lodge, and contemporaneous with the work of Guglielmo Marconi.
ShanghART Gallery
ShanghART Gallery is founded in 1996 by Swiss gallerist Lorenz Helbling as one of the first contemporary art galleries established in China. Initially operating out of a hotel, it has since expanded to four gallery spaces, two in Shanghai, and one each in Beijing and Singapore. For the past two decades, ShanghART has devoted to the development of contemporary art in China and kept close and long-term cooperation with more than 60 artists, building an audience for artists ranging from painters such as Yu Youhan and abstractionist Ding Yi (the artist of the gallery's first exhibition), to artists midway through their career, Zhou Tiehai and Yang Fudong, as well as emerging artists like Zhang Ding and Chen Wei. The Singapore space in Gillman Barracks, established in 2013, extended their outreach to Southeast Asian artists such as Robert Zhao Renhui and Apichatpong Weerasethakul.

Zhang Ding
Zhang Ding (Chinese: 张鼎; born 1980) is a Chinese artist.

Zhang was born in 1980 in Zhangye, Gansu, China, and is based in Shanghai.  He graduated from Oil Painting department of Northwest Minzu University in 2003. During 2003–2004, he studied at the China Academy of Art. In 2016, Zhang Ding founded the art label Con Trol Club.

Zhang Ding's exhibitions and projects often include videos, sculptures, installations, paintings, real time renderings and live performances.
Netherlands Practical Shooting Association
Netherlands Practical Shooting Association, Dutch Nederlandse Parcours Schutters Associatie (NPSA) is the Dutch association for practical shooting under the International Practical Shooting Confederation.

Practical shooting
Practical shooting, also known as dynamic shooting or action shooting, is a set of shooting sports in which the competitors try to unite the three principles of precision, power, and speed, by using a firearm of a certain minimum power factor to score as many points as possible during the shortest time (or sometimes within a set maximum time). While scoring systems vary between organizations, each measures the time in which the course is completed, with penalties for inaccurate shooting.

The courses are called "stages", and are shot individually by the shooters. Usually the shooter must move and shoot from several positions, fire under or over obstacles and in other unfamiliar positions. There are no standard exercises or set arrangement of the targets, and the courses are often designed so that the shooter must be inventive, and therefore the solutions of exercises sometimes vary between shooters.
Kobus Scholtz
Kobus Scholtz (born 16 October 1992) is a South African cricketer. He made his first-class debut on 8 December 2011, for South Western Districts in the 2011–12 CSA Provincial Three-Day Challenge. He made his List A debut on 29 January 2012, for South Western Districts in the 2011–12 CSA Provincial One-Day Challenge.

South Western Districts cricket team
South Western Districts, known as SW Districts or SWD, is a South African first class cricket team based in the Western Cape city of Oudtshoorn, representing approximately the eastern half of Western Cape province. They form part of the Cape Cobras franchise, and play their home games at the Oudtshoorn Recreation Ground.
HMS Quorn (L66)
HMS Quorn was a Hunt-class destroyer of the Royal Navy, built in 1940 and sunk off the Normandy coast on 3 August 1944. The class were named after British fox and stag hunts, in this case, the Quorn Hunt, which was originally based in Quorn Leicestershire.

Quorn was built by J. Samuel White and Co. at Cowes, Isle of Wight. A Type 1 Hunt-class destroyer, she was launched on 27 March 1940 and completed on 21 September 1940 with the pennant number L66. She was adopted by the civil community of Rushden, Northamptonshire, as part of Warship Week in 1942.

Cowes
Cowes (/kaʊz/) is an English seaport town and civil parish on the Isle of Wight. Cowes is located on the west bank of the estuary of the River Medina, facing the smaller town of East Cowes on the east bank. The two towns are linked by the Cowes Floating Bridge, a chain ferry.

Cowes has a population of 14,370 according to the 2021 Census.

Charles Godfrey Leland's 19th-century verses describe the towns poetically as "The two great Cowes that in loud thunder roar/This on the eastern, that the western shore".

Cowes has been seen as a home for international yacht racing since the founding of the Royal Yacht Squadron in 1815. It gives its name to the world's oldest regular regatta, Cowes Week, which occurs annually in the first week of August. Later, powerboat races are held.

Much of the town's architecture is still heavily influenced by the style of ornate building that Prince Albert popularised.
Nerkin Dzhrapi
40°33′0″N 43°39′0″E﻿ / ﻿40.55000°N 43.65000°E﻿ / 40.55000; 43.65000

Nerkin Dzhrapi (also, Chirpili, Jrapi, and Dzhrapi) is a former village in the Shirak Province of Armenia which was intentionally flooded by the Akhurian Reservoir. It was replaced by a new village named Dzhrapi. It contained an 11th-century caravanserai and a medieval bridge across the Akhuryan River; the river demarcates the Armenian-Turkish border.

Akhurian Reservoir
Akhurian Reservoir (Armenian: Ախուրյանի ջրամբար; Turkish: Arpaçay Baraj Gölü) is a reservoir on the Akhurian River between Armenia and Turkey. The reservoir has a surface area of 54 km2 and a volume of 525 million cubic meters. It is one of the largest reservoirs in the Caucasus, although smaller than the Mingachevir reservoir and the Shamkir reservoir in Azerbaijan.

Its water is used for irrigation in Armenia's Aragatsotn, Armavir and Shirak provinces. Its water is used in Turkey for irrigation (70000 ha agricultural area) in the provinces of Kars and Ardahan.
Olomučany
Olomučany is a municipality and village in Blansko District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,100 inhabitants.

Olomučany lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Blansko, 16 km (10 mi) north of Brno, and 183 km (114 mi) south-east of Prague.

South Moravian Region
The South Moravian Region (Czech: Jihomoravský kraj; German: Südmährische Region, pronounced [zyːtˈmɛːʁɪʃə ʁeˈɡi̯oːn]; Slovak: Juhomoravský kraj), or just South Moravia, is an administrative unit (kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the south-western part of its historical region of Moravia. The region's capital is Brno, the nation's 2nd largest city. South Moravia is bordered by the South Bohemian Region to the west, Vysočina Region to the north-west, Pardubice Region to the north, Olomouc Region to the north-east, Zlín Region to the east, Trenčín and Trnava Regions, Slovakia to the south-east and Lower Austria, Austria to the south.
Augustine Lotodo
Augustine Chemonges Loile Lotodo is a Kenyan who ran for Deputy President in the March 2013 Kenyan Presidential election on a NARC-Kenya ticket, as the running mate to Martha Karua.

Lotodo studied economics at Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya in India and is the son of former Cabinet Minister Francis Lotodo. In 2002, he ran unsuccessfully for the Kapenguria Constituency parliamentary seat. Between 2004 and 2006, he was the Director of the Lake Victoria North Water Services Board based in Kakamega. He was a member of in the East African Legislative Assembly (EALA) based in Arusha, Tanzania between 2007 and 2012.

Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya
Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya (Rani Durgavati University), also known as University of Jabalpur, is a government university in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India. It was named after the queen Rani Durgavati.
Lancaster City Historic District
The Lancaster City Historic District is a national historic district that is located in Lancaster and Manheim Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Lancaster is a city in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. With a population of 58,039 at the 2020 census, it is the eighth-most populous city in the state. It is a core city within South Central Pennsylvania, with 552,984 residents in the Lancaster metropolitan area.

Settled in the 1720s, Lancaster is one of the oldest inland cities in the US. It served as the capital of Pennsylvania from 1799 to 1812. The city's primary industries include healthcare, tourism, public administration, manufacturing, and both professional and semi-professional services. Lancaster is located 59 miles (95 km) southwest of Allentown and 61 miles (98 km) west of Philadelphia and is a hub of Pennsylvania Dutch Country.
Sorbolongo
Sorbolongo is a town consisting of about 460 inhabitants in the municipality of Sant'Ippolito in the province of Pesaro and Urbino, Italy. It is almost completely made up of a castle that still maintains its original medieval structure. Sorbolongo castle is located on the hills between the Metauro and Cesano river valleys, located on the road that connects the capital Sant'Ippolito to the neighboring municipality of Barchi.

The name of the castle probably derives from the presence of a rowan particularly high on the hill where the village now stands. This view is supported by the emblem that stands above the entrance gate of the church of the village. The castle was under the jurisdiction of the lords of Fano until the time of Napoleon I.

Barchi, Marche
Barchi is a frazione of the comune of Terre Rovereschea  in the Province of Pesaro e Urbino in the Italian region Marche, located about 45 km west of Ancona and about 30 km south of Pesaro. It was a separate comune until 2017.
Clima
Clima (English: 'Climate') was a cultural magazine published in São Paulo, Brazil. Ismail Xavier argues that although it existed for a brief period from 1941 to 1944, the magazine significantly influenced cultural criticism in Brazil.

Cultural critic
A cultural critic is a critic of a given culture, usually as a whole. Cultural criticism has significant overlap with social and cultural theory. While such criticism is simply part of the self-consciousness of the culture, the social positions of the critics and the medium they use vary widely. The conceptual and political grounding of criticism also changes over time.