hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Line of sight (video games)
Line of sight, sometimes written line-of-sight or abbreviated to LoS, is the visibility (that is, who can see what) on the playing field in wargames and some role-playing games (RPGs). Many abilities can only be used on entities within a character's line of sight.

In some games, miniature figures are used to determine line of sight.  Many wargames use counters to represent units and determine line of sight.  A common technique is to hold a length of thread between two counters.  If the thread, held straight, doesn't encounter any obstacles, the line of sight is valid.

The first computer game to implement line of sight graphics was Dungeon, which was played on a PDP-10 mainframe computer (1975).

Mainframe computer
A mainframe computer, informally called a mainframe, maxicomputer, or big iron, is a computer used primarily by large organizations for critical applications like bulk data processing for tasks such as censuses, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and large-scale transaction processing. A mainframe computer is large but not as large as a supercomputer and has more processing power than some other classes of computers, such as minicomputers, workstations, and personal computers. Most large-scale computer-system architectures were established in the 1960s, but they continue to evolve. Mainframe computers are often used as servers.

The term mainframe was derived from the large cabinet, called a main frame, that housed the central processing unit and main memory of early computers. Later, the term mainframe was used to distinguish high-end commercial computers from less powerful machines.
Vernon Carey Jr.
Vernon A. Carey Jr. (born February 25, 2001) is an American professional basketball player for the Rio Grande Valley Vipers of the NBA G League. He played college basketball for the Duke Blue Devils. He finished his high school career at NSU University School as a five-star recruit and among the top-ranked players in the 2019 class.

Rio Grande Valley Vipers
The Rio Grande Valley Vipers are an American professional basketball team of the NBA G League based in Edinburg, Texas, and are affiliated with the Houston Rockets. The Vipers play their home games at the Bert Ogden Arena. The Vipers have won four league titles in 2010, 2013, 2019, and 2022, the most for any club in league history. They also have made the most championship series in league history, having made it seven times to the finals. They are also the earliest champion to still play in their original city along with one of only three teams (the others being the Iowa Wolves and the Noblesville Boom) to have played in every league season since 2007. The Vipers entered a single-partnership affiliation agreement with the Houston Rockets during the 2009–10 season. Previously, they were affiliated with the Cleveland Cavaliers for the 2007–08 season and the New Orleans Hornets  from 2007 to 2009.
Pressure flow hypothesis
The pressure flow hypothesis, also known as the mass flow hypothesis, is the best-supported theory to explain the movement of sap through the phloem of plants. It was proposed in 1930 by Ernst Münch, a German plant physiologist.
Organic molecules such as sugars, amino acids, certain hormones, and messenger RNAs are known to be transported in the phloem through the cells called sieve tube elements. According to the hypothesis, the high concentration of organic substances, particularly sugar, inside the phloem at a source such as a leaf creates a diffusion gradient (osmotic gradient) that draws water into the cells from the adjacent xylem. This creates turgor pressure, also called hydrostatic pressure, in the phloem. The hypothesis states that this is why sap in plants flows from the sugar producers (sources) to sugar absorbers (sinks).

Turgor pressure
Turgor pressure is the force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall.

It is also called hydrostatic pressure, and is defined as the pressure in a fluid measured at a certain point within itself when at equilibrium. Generally, turgor pressure is caused by the osmotic flow of water and occurs in plants, fungi, and bacteria. The phenomenon is also observed in protists that have cell walls. This system is not seen in animal cells, as the absence of a cell wall would cause the cell to lyse when under too much pressure. The pressure exerted by the osmotic flow of water is called turgidity. It is caused by the osmotic flow of water through a selectively permeable membrane. Movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from a volume with a low solute concentration to one with a higher solute concentration is called osmotic flow. In plants, this entails the water moving from the low concentration solute outside the cell into the cell's vacuole.
John Holt (footballer, born 1956)
John Holt (born 21 November 1956) is a Scottish football coach and retired footballer. He played at either full-back or in midfield. He began his career with Dundee United, where he made more than 400 appearances between 1974 and 1987. Holt won three major domestic trophies with the club, the Scottish League Cup in 1979 and 1980 and the Premier Division title in 1983. He also featured for United in many European runs including to the 1983–84 European Cup semi final and the 1987 UEFA Cup Final.

He also played for Dunfermline Athletic, Dundee and Forfar Athletic before becoming player-manager at Deveronvale and then Montrose. He has also managed Celtic Ladies as well as holding coaching roles at Forfar, Dundee and Dundee United. Holt also had a short period as caretaker manager of Montrose in 2016.

1980 Scottish League Cup final
The 1980 Scottish League Cup final was played on 6 December 1980, at Dens Park in Dundee and was the final of the 35th Scottish League Cup competition. The final was a Dundee derby contested by Dundee United and Dundee. Dundee United won the match 3–0 thanks to goals by Davie Dodds and Paul Sturrock (2). This was United's second senior trophy victory following success the previous season in the same tournament. Dundee's Billy Williamson was playing against his previous club.
Hallberg
Hallberg or Hållberg is a Swedish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anders Hallberg (born 1945), Swedish chemist

Axel Hallberg (born 1999), Swedish politician

Bengt Hallberg (1932–2013), Swedish jazz musician

Bob Hallberg (1944–2019), American basketball coach

David Hallberg, American ballet dancer

Ernst Hallberg (1894–1944), Swedish equestrian

Garth Risk Hallberg (born 1978), American author

Gary Hallberg (born 1958), American golfer

Gösta Hallberg (1891–1978), Swedish high jumper

Jonas Hallberg (1944–2025), Swedish journalist and television presenter

Knut Hallberg, Swedish football manager

Mark Hallberg (born 1985), American baseball coach

Melker Hallberg (born 1995), Swedish footballer

Nils Hallberg (1921–2010), Swedish actor

Olle Hallberg (1903–1996), Swedish track athlete

Per Hallberg (born 1958), Swedish sound editor

Per Hållberg (born 1978), Swedish ice hockey player

Sture Hållberg (1917–1988), Swedish boxer

Melker Hallberg
Melker Hallberg (born 20 October 1995) is a Swedish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Kalmar FF.

Hallberg began his senior career at Kalmar FF, then in 2014, he signed for Italian club Udinese, and during his time there went on loan to Vålerenga, Hammarby IF, Ascoli and Kalmar FF. He signed for Vejle BK in 2018, where he spent one season. Hallberg then played in three seasons for Scottish club Hibernian. He made his full international debut for the Sweden national team in 2016, and has won a total of three caps and scored one goal.
William Beavis
William D. Beavis is professor and GF Sprague Chair for Population Genetics in the Department of Agronomy at Iowa State University. His research focuses on statistical genetics and ways to optimize plant breeding. He is known for discovering what has since become known as the Beavis effect: namely, that the estimates of phenotypic variance associated with one of multiple quantitative trait loci, each of which has a small effect on the trait being studied, are typically significantly inflated if the sample size of organisms in the study is too low (e.g. about 100), but that these estimates are fairly accurate if the number of individuals is much greater (about 1,000).

Statistical genetics
Statistical genetics is a scientific field concerned with the development and application of statistical methods for drawing inferences from genetic data. The term is most commonly used in the context of human genetics. Research in statistical genetics generally involves developing theory or methodology to support research in one of three related areas:

population genetics - Study of evolutionary processes affecting genetic variation between organisms

genetic epidemiology - Studying effects of genes on diseases

quantitative genetics - Studying the effects of genes on 'normal' phenotypes

Statistical geneticists tend to collaborate closely with geneticists, molecular biologists, clinicians and bioinformaticians. Statistical genetics is a type of computational biology.
Zelenogorsk, Saint Petersburg
Zelenogorsk (Russian: Зеленого́рск), known as Terijoki prior to 1948 (a name still used in Finnish and Swedish), is a municipal town in Kurortny District of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia, located in part of the Karelian Isthmus on the shore of the Gulf of Finland. Population:  14,958 (2010 census); 12,074 (2002 census); 13,032 (1989 Soviet census).

It has a station on the St. Petersburg-Vyborg railroad. It is located about 50 kilometers (31 mi) northwest of central Saint Petersburg.

Ivan Pavlov
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (Russian: Иван Петрович Павлов, IPA: [ɪˈvan pʲɪˈtrovʲɪtɕ ˈpavləf] ⓘ; 26 September [O.S. 14 September] 1849 – 27 February 1936) was a Russian and Soviet experimental neurologist and physiologist known for his discovery of classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs. Pavlov also conducted significant research on the physiology of digestion, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1904.
2019 Columbus Challenger
The 2019 Columbus Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the sixth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Columbus, United States between 7 and 13 January 2019.

J. J. Wolf
Jeffrey John "J. J." Wolf (born December 21, 1998) is an American professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 39, achieved on 13 February 2023. On the junior tour, Wolf has a career-high ranking of No. 18 achieved on 16 May 2016.
Pierre Puget
Pierre Paul Puget (16 October 1620 (or 31 October 1622) – 2 December 1694) was a  French Baroque painter, sculptor, architect and engineer.  His sculpture expressed emotion, pathos and drama, setting it apart from the more classical and academic sculpture of the Style Louis XIV.

Lorgues
Lorgues (French pronunciation: [lɔʁɡ]; Occitan: Lòrgas) is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France.

It is situated 13 km (8 mi) southwest of the city of Draguignan, seat of the larger arrondissement of Draguignan.
Tuna (dog)
Tuna is a Chihuahua–Dachshund crossbreed dog, best known as an internet celebrity, and an internet meme. He was abandoned by his original owner near San Diego, and was adopted at a farmer's market in Los Angeles by Courtney Dasher. After she created an Instagram page for him, a photo of him was featured on the company's website resulting in an increase in followers. Dasher has used Tuna's celebrity status to raise money for animal rescue groups and to promote animal welfare generally. A book of photographs of Tuna was released in 2015, entitled Tuna Melts My Heart: The Underdog With The Overbite.

Dog crossbreed
Dog crossbreeds (sometimes called designer dogs) are dogs which have been crossbred or selectively bred from two or more recognized dog breeds. Generally considered a specific type of mixed-breed dog, dog crossbreeds are not recognised as breeds in their own right, and do not necessarily breed true. However, historic crossbreeding has led to established breeds, such as the Cesky Terrier.

Dog crossbreeds are combinations of lineages of the domestic dog; they are distinguished from canid hybrids, which are interspecific crosses between Canis species (wolves, coyotes, jackals, etc.).
Michael Petri (footballer)
Michael Petri (born 23 November 1977) is a German former professional footballer who played as a striker. He spent much of his career in the South-west region, but also played for VfL Osnabrück, for whom he made 25 appearances in the 2. Bundesliga.

Oberliga Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar
The Oberliga Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar, formerly the Oberliga Südwest, is the highest regional football league for the Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland states of Germany, organized by the Southwestern Regional Football Association. It is one of twelve Oberligas in German football, the fifth tier of the German football league system. Until the introduction of the 3. Liga in 2008 it was the fourth tier of the league system. Before the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994, it was the third tier.

From January 1946 up until the creation of the Bundesliga in 1963, the Oberliga Südwest was one of the five highest divisions in Germany. The current league originates from 1978.
2025 Bangladesh anti-Hindu violence
Several incidents of violence and human rights violations against the Hindu community were reported in Bangladesh at various times during 2025, which include vandalism of temples and idols, arson, looting of Hindu homes and businesses, murder, rape, harassment, and land grabbing.

Faridpur District
Faridpur District (Bengali: ফরিদপুর জেলা) is a district in south-central Bangladesh. It is a part of Dhaka Division. It is bounded by the Padma River to the northeast. The district was named for its headquarters, the city of Faridpur, which itself was named for Farīd-ud-Dīn Masʿūd, a 13th-century Sufi saint. A separate district was created by severing Dhaka district in 1786 and was called Dacca Jelalpur. A municipality was established in 1869. Historically, the town was known as Fatehabad. It was also called Haveli Mahal Fatehabad.
Treasury Library
The Treasury Library is the library of the United States Department of the Treasury. It is located at Freedman's Bank Building n the corner of Madison Place and Pennsylvania Avenue in Northwest Washington, D.C. in Washington, D.C.
The library has been part of the Federal Depository Library Program since 1895. The oldest reference to the library in the records of the treasury dates from 1823.

Pennsylvania Avenue
Pennsylvania Avenue is a primarily diagonal street in Washington, D.C., that connects the United States Capitol with the White House and then crosses northwest Washington, D.C., to Georgetown. Traveling through southeast Washington from the Capitol, it enters Prince George's County, Maryland, and becomes MD Route 4 (MD 4) and then MD 717 in Upper Marlboro, and finally Stephanie Roper Highway.

The section of the avenue between the White House, which is sometimes referred to by its address "1600 Pennsylvania Avenue", and the Capitol forms the basis for the Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site and is sometimes referred to as "America's Main Street"; it is the location of official parades and processions, and periodic protest marches. Pennsylvania Avenue is an important commuter road and is part of the National Highway System.
Beckert
Beckert is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Franz Beckert (1907–1973), German gymnast who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics

Glenn Beckert (1940–2020), American baseball player

Jens Beckert (born 1967), German sociologist

Lothar Beckert (1931–2017), German long-distance runner

Patrick Beckert (born 1990), German Olympic speed skater

Stephanie Beckert (born 1988), German speed skater

Sven Beckert,  American historians and Laird Bell Professor of American History at Harvard University

Tom Beckert, American sound engineer

See also

Groz-Beckert, is part of the Groz-Beckert Group based in Albstadt-Ebingen in Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany

Glenn Beckert
Glenn Alfred Beckert (October 12, 1940 – April 12, 2020) was an American professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a second baseman for the Chicago Cubs for nine seasons from 1965 to 1973, before ending his career with the San Diego Padres in 1975. He was a four-time All-Star and a Gold Glove Award winner.
Fotur
Fotur is a village on the left bank of the Ab-i-Panj river in Badakhshan Province in north-eastern Afghanistan.

It is historically important, as it is the settlement in Wakhan territory nearest to the approximately two-mile-away border with Ishkashim District. The population of the village was 436 in 2003, having increased from about 60 at the turn of the 20th century. Poplar trees grew plentifully.

Fotur is inhabited by Wakhi people.

Ishkashim District
Ishkashim District (Dari: ولسوالی اشکاشکم) is one of the 28 districts of Badakhshan province, eastern Afghanistan. The border town of Ishkashim serves as the district's capital. The population of the district is approximately 15,951 residents, majority of whom are believed to be ethnic Tajiks followed by Pashtuns, Uzbeks and others. In addition to Afghanistan's two main languages of Dari and Pashto, the language of Ishkashimi is also spoken in the district by the native people.

Ishkashim District lies between Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan and Gorno-Badakhshan in Tajikistan, where there is a settlement with the same name: Ishkoshim. The Wakhan District is to the east. The area fell to the Taliban in July 2021.
The Fortune Hunters
The Fortune Hunters; Or, Two Fools Well Met is 1689 comedy play by James Carlile. It was originally staged by the United Company at the  Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London.

The original Drury Lane cast included Anthony Leigh as Sir William Wealthy, Edward Kynaston as Tom Wealthy, William Mountfort as Young Wealthy, James Nokes as  Spruce, John Bowman as Littlegad, Elinor Leigh as The Lady Sly, Charlotte Butler as Sophia, Susanna Mountfort as Maria and Frances Maria Knight as Mrs Spruce.

The work remained popular into the eighteenth century. It was revived at the Queen's Theatre,  Haymarket in 1707 with a cast featuring William Bullock, John Mills, Robert Wilks, George Pack, Henry Norris, Lucretia Bradshaw, Margaret Bicknell and Anne Oldfield. This led to further stagings at the Haymarket in 1708 and 1709, followed by Drury Lane in 1711 and Lincoln's Inn Fields in 1717 and 1728.

John Mills (stage actor)
John Mills (c.1670–1736) was a British stage actor. A long-standing part of the Drury Lane company from 1695 until his death, he appeared in both comedies and tragedies. His wife Margaret Mills was an actress, and his son William Mills also became an actor at Drury Lane.

He was a friend of the playwright Richard Steele and Robert Wilks the lead actor and manager at Drury Lane with whom he frequently appeared on stage. He died on 17 December 1736, thirteen days after performing in his final role as the King in Henry IV, Part 2.
University High School (New Jersey)
University High School of Humanities (usually University High School) is a six-year public high school serving students in seventh through twelfth grades in Newark, in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, as part of the Newark Public Schools.

Originally created as a program called "School Within a School" at Malcolm X Shabazz High School, University High School became a standalone school in 1977. It moved into the old Clinton Place Junior High building in 1982.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the school had an enrollment of 447 students and 40.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.2:1. There were 334 students (74.7% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 39 (8.7% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Seventh grade
Seventh grade (also 7th grade or Grade 7) is the seventh year of formal or compulsory education in the USA. The seventh grade is typically the first or second year of middle school. In the United States, kids in seventh grade are usually around 12–13 years old. It is the eighth school year since kindergarten. Different terms and numbers are used in other parts of the world.
Tremella anaptychiae
Tremella anaptychiae is a species of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It was first reported in the literature in 1996 by the mycologist Paul Diederich, who did not formally describe it as a new species due to the paucity of material. Additional material was collected in later years, and it was finally described in 2017 by Juan Carlos Zamora and Diederich. The fungus is known to occur in Italy, Macedonia, Spain (including the Canary Islands), and Sweden. It is confined to the host lichen Anaptychia ciliaris, which has a largely palearctic distribution.

Paul Diederich
Paul Diederich (born 4 May 1959) is a Luxembourgish mathematics teacher and mycologist who specialises in lichenicolous fungi (fungi that live on lichens). Since 1986 he has taught mathematics at the École de Commerce et de Gestion in Luxembourg, and from 1989 to 2008 he served as a research associate at the country's National Museum of Natural History. He has authored more than 190 publications, including major monographs and collaborative volumes, and his work has been recognised with awards such as the Van Rompaey Award (1991) and the Tuckerman Award (2004 and 2019).
2021–22 Swiss Super League
The 2021–22 Swiss Super League (referred to as the Credit Suisse Super League for sponsoring reasons) was the 125th season of top-tier competitive football in Switzerland and the 19th under its current name and format.

A total of ten teams competed in the league: the eight best teams from the 2020–21 season, the 2020–21 Swiss Challenge League champions Grasshopper Club Zürich and relegation play-off winners Sion. Young Boys were the four-time defending champions.

2020–21 Swiss Challenge League
The 2020–21 Swiss Challenge League (referred to as the Brack.ch Challenge League for sponsoring reasons) is the 18th season of the Swiss Challenge League, the second tier of competitive football in Switzerland, under its current name. The season started on 18 September 2020 and is scheduled to end on 30 May 2021. The start of the season was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland. The league held its winter break between 22 December 2020 and 23 January 2021.
2021 Gulf 12 Hours
The 2021 Gulf 12 Hours was the tenth edition of the Gulf 12 Hours held at Bahrain International Circuit on 9 January 2021. The race was contested with GT3-spec cars and GT4-spec cars. The event promoters were the Driving Force Events (DFE). The event had been relocated from Abu Dhabi's Yas Marina Circuit to Bahrain International Circuit and postponed from 2020.

Bahrain International Circuit
The Bahrain International Circuit (Arabic: حلبة البحرين الدولية, romanized: Ḥalba al-Baḥrayn ad-Dawliyya) is a 5.412 km (3.363 mi) motorsport venue opened in 2004 and used for drag racing, GP2 Series (now FIA Formula 2), and the annual  Formula One Bahrain Grand Prix. The 2004 Grand Prix was the first  Formula One race held in the Middle East. Beginning in 2006, Australian V8 Supercars raced at the BIC, with the event known as the Desert 400. However, the V8 Supercars did not return for the 2011 V8 Supercar season. 24 Hour endurance races are also hosted at BIC. The circuit has a FIA Grade 1 license. The circuit also has multiple layouts.