hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lewis White Beck
Lewis White Beck (September 26, 1913 – June 7, 1997) was an American philosopher and scholar of German philosophy specializing in German idealism at the University of Rochester. As Chairman of the Department of Philosophy, he achieved international recognition for encouraging collaborative research by scholars within the United States and Germany into the philosophy of Immanuel Kant during the post World War II era. Beck also translated several of Kant's works from German, including the Critique of Practical Reason, and authored Studies in the Philosophy of Kant (1965).

American Philosophical Association
The American Philosophical Association (APA) is the main professional organization for philosophers in the United States.  Founded in 1900, its mission is to promote the exchange of ideas among philosophers, to encourage creative and scholarly activity in philosophy, to facilitate the professional work and teaching of philosophers, and to represent philosophy as a discipline. The APA's governance has included Robert Audi, Jaegwon Kim and Ruth Barcan Marcus.
1889 Buckingham by-election
The 1889 Buckingham by-election was held on 11 October 1889 after the incumbent Conservative MP, Egerton Hubbard succeeded to a peerage as the second Baron Addington.  The seat was won by the Liberal candidate Edmund Verney who would later be expelled causing a by-election in 1891.  The Conservative candidate, Evelyn Hubbard was the younger brother of the outgoing MP.

Sir Edmund Verney, 3rd Baronet
Sir Edmund Hope Verney, 3rd Baronet FRGS, DL, JP (6 April 1838 – 8 May 1910) was a British naval officer, author and Liberal politician who sat in the House of Commons in two periods between 1885 and 1891.
Gomen Station
Gomen Station (後免駅, Gomen-eki) is a junction passenger railway station located in the city of  Nankoku, Kōchi Prefecture, Japan. The station is operated by JR Shikoku for its Dosan Line with the station number "D40" and by the third-sector Tosa Kuroshio Railway for its Asa Line with the station number "GN40".

Kōchi Prefecture
Kōchi Prefecture (高知県, Kōchi-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [koꜜː.tɕi, koː.tɕi̥ꜜ.keɴ], locally [koː.tɕi]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Shikoku. Kōchi Prefecture has a population of 669,516 (1 April 2023) and has a geographic area of 7,103 km2 (2,742 sq mi). Kōchi Prefecture borders Ehime Prefecture to the northwest and Tokushima Prefecture to the northeast.

Kōchi is the capital and largest city of Kōchi Prefecture, with other major cities including Nankoku, Shimanto, and Kōnan. Kōchi Prefecture is located on Japan's Pacific coast surrounding a large bay in the south of Shikoku, with the southernmost point of the island located at Cape Ashizuri in Tosashimizu. Kōchi Prefecture is home to Kōchi Castle, considered the most intact Japanese castle, and the Shimanto River, one of the few undammed rivers in Japan.
Tatsumi Canal
The Tatsumi Canal (辰巳用水, Tatsumi yōsui) is an 11 kilometer long canal built in the Edo period in the city of Kanazawa, Ishikawa Japan. A 8.7 kilometer portion of this canal was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 2010.

Kanazawa
Kanazawa (金沢市, Kanazawa-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [ka.naꜜ.(d)za.wa, ka.na.(d)za.waꜜ.ɕi]) is the capital of Ishikawa Prefecture in central Japan. As of 1 January 2018, the city had an estimated population of 466,029 in 203,271 households, and a population density of 990 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 468.64 square kilometres (180.94 sq mi).
Colin Cole (officer of arms)
Sir Alexander Colin Cole KCB KCVO TD FSA FRHSC (Hon) (16 May 1922 – 18 February 2001) was a long serving officer of arms at the College of Arms in London.  Eventually, he would rise to the rank of Garter Principal King of Arms, the highest heraldic office in England and Wales.

Officer of arms
An officer of arms is a person appointed by a sovereign or state with authority to perform one or more of the following functions:

to control and initiate armorial matters;

to arrange and participate in ceremonies of state;

to conserve and interpret heraldic and genealogical records.
John Hill (record producer)
John Graham Hill is an American record producer and songwriter. Best known for his work in alternative rock music, Hill produced the entirety of Cage the Elephant's fifth album Social Cues (2019), which won Best Rock Album at the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards. Hill was also nominated for Producer of the Year, Non-Classical at the 57th and 62nd Annual Grammy Awards.

Hill has written and produced for artists such as Banks, Bleachers, Carly Rae Jepsen, Charli XCX, Christina Aguilera, Christina Perri,  Damiano David, Demi Lovato, Elle King, Eminem, Florence + the Machine, Foster The People, Imagine Dragons, Jay-Z, Kesha, Khalid, Kimbra, Kings of Leon, M.I.A., Nas, Natasha Bedingfield, P!nk, Big Boi, Phantogram, Portugal. The Man, Rihanna, Shakira, Tinashe, Wu-Tang Clan, and Zara Larsson.

Bleachers (band)
Bleachers is an American rock band from New Jersey, formed in 2013 by musician Jack Antonoff. Antonoff was the only permanent member of the group until 2023, when longtime touring musicians Mikey Freedom Hart, Sean Hutchinson, Evan Smith, Michael Riddleberger, and Zem Audu became official members.

Bleachers' early music was heavily influenced by the late 1980s and early 1990s, plus the high school-based films of John Hughes while still using modern production techniques.

Their debut single "I Wanna Get Better" was released in February 2014, followed by five studio albums: Strange Desire (2014), Gone Now (2017), Take the Sadness Out of Saturday Night (2021), Bleachers (2024), and a re-recording of their debut album, titled, A Stranger Desired (2024).
Middle Fork Feather River
The Middle Fork Feather River is a major river in Plumas and Butte Counties in the U.S. state of California. Nearly 100 miles (160 km) long, it drains about 1,062 square miles (2,750 km2) of the rugged northern Sierra Nevada range.

Butte County, California
Butte County (/ˈbjuːt/ ⓘ) is a county located in the northern central part of the U.S. state of California. In the 2020 census, its population was 211,632. The county seat is Oroville.

Butte County comprises the Chico, California, metropolitan statistical area. It is in the California Central Valley, north of the state capital of Sacramento.

Butte County is drained by the Feather River and the Sacramento River. Butte Creek and Big Chico Creek are additional perennial streams, both tributary to the Sacramento. The county is home to California State University, Chico and Butte College.
Cycling at the 2011 Pan American Games – Women's Keirin
The women's Keirin competition of the cycling events at the 2011 Pan American Games was held on October 20 at the Pan American Velodrome in Guadalajara. This event was not held at the 2007 Pan American Games, therefore there is no defending champion.

Cycling at the 2011 Pan American Games
Cycling competitions at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara was held from October 15 to October 22 at the Pan American Velodrome (Track), Guadalajara Circuit (Road), Pan American Mountain Bike Circuit in Tapalpa and CODE San Nicolás (BMX).
Osman Yunis
Osman Yunis (born March 13, 1982, in Bo, Sierra Leone) is a Sierra Leonean footballer. He plays as a left back or central defender, and is the captain of Ports Authority F.C., one of the top clubs in the Sierra Leone National Premier League. He is also regular for the Leone Stars, Sierra Leone national football team since making his full international debut in 2002 against Gabon in a  2004 African Nations Cup qualifier in Freetown.

Sierra Leone national football team
The Sierra Leone national football team represents Sierra Leone in association football and is governed by the Sierra Leone Football Association. It has qualified for Africa Cup of Nations three times.
Argyrotaenia juglandana
Argyrotaenia juglandana, the hickory leafroller moth, is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Quebec, Tennessee, Texas, West Virginia and Wisconsin. The habitat consists of deciduous woodlands and parks where hickory grows.

The wingspan is about 18–20 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from April to August.

The larvae feed on the leaves of Corylus species, Viburnum species (including Viburnum acerifolium), Carya species (including Carya cordiformis, Carya ovata), Juglans species (including Juglans nigra) and Prunus species.

Carya ovata
Carya ovata, the shagbark hickory, is a common hickory native to eastern North America, with two varieties. The trees can grow to quite a large size but are unreliable in their fruit output. The nut is consumed by wildlife and historically by Native Americans, who also used the wood.
Nightmare Sisters
Nightmare Sisters (also released as Sorority Succubus Sisters) is a 1988 direct-to-video, low-budget, horror comedy. It is notable as one of only two films in which 1980s scream queens Linnea Quigley, Brinke Stevens, and Michelle Bauer appear together, excluding later reunion films such as 1313:Cougar Cult.

Scream queen
A scream queen (a wordplay on screen queen) is an actress who is prominent and influential in horror films, either through a notable appearance or recurring roles. The title is a buzzword used by critics and has gained positive and negative responses. Scream King is the male version of the title. Notable scream queen examples include Fay Wray, Jamie Lee Curtis, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Sigourney Weaver, Neve Campbell, Mia Goth, Melissa Barrera, Shawnee Smith, Bipasha Basu, Angela Bassett and Linnea Quigley.
Bem-Vinda Vontade
Bem-Vinda Vontade (Portuguese for "welcome, desire") is the sixth studio album by Mice Parade. It was released on April 19, 2005, by Bubblecore Records and FatCat Records. It contains vocals by Kristín Anna Valtýsdóttir of Múm and Ikuko Harada of Clammbon.

Clammbon
Clammbon (クラムボン, Kuramubon) is a Japanese musical trio, consisting of vocalist/keyboardist Ikuko Harada, bassist Mito and drummer  Daisuke Itou. The group, originally formed in 1996 when the three were students of the jazz department at SHOBI College of Music, made their major label debut on Warner Music Japan three years later. Their music is characterized by their quirky sound combining jazzy chord progressions with J-pop and electronica influences. They left their major label and went indie in 2015.

The name Clammbon is taken from a fictional character in the Kenji Miyazawa novel Yamanashi.
E. Joseph Cossman
Eli Joseph Cossman (April 13, 1918 – December 7, 2002) was an American inventor, businessman, entrepreneur and author. With Milton Levine, Cossman was the co-creator of the ant farm and spud gun toys. He also made millions of dollars selling various novelties and conducting sales seminars.

Spud gun
A spud gun or potato gun is a small toy gun used to fire a fragment of potato. To operate, one punctures the surface of a potato with the gun's hollow tip and pries out a small pellet which fits in the muzzle. Squeezing the grip causes a small build-up of air pressure inside the toy which propels the projectile. The devices are usually short-range and low-powered.
William H. Hurdman
William H. Hurdman (October 9, 1818-February 20, 1901) was a Canadian entrepreneur and community leader.

The son of Charles Hurdman and Margaret Graham, he was born in Hull Township, Quebec in 1818. His family came from Ireland and his father had worked with Philemon Wright. In 1841, William Hurdman and his brothers started a lumber business under the name Hurdman Brothers. In 1873, he and his brother Robert moved to Gloucester Township, Ontario. He was reeve there from 1877 to 1879. The brothers built their own bridge, Hurdman's Bridge, across the Rideau River. The Hurdmans also established large farms in Gloucester, known for their livestock. In 1861, he married Sarah Sophia Smyth. The 1900 Hull–Ottawa fire wiped out the Hurdman Brothers operations in the LeBreton Flats area. Hurdman was buried in Beechwood Cemetery.

The family name is preserved in the Hurdman Bridge and Hurdman Transitway Station.

Hull, Quebec
Hull is the central business district and oldest neighbourhood of the city of Gatineau, Quebec, Canada. It is located on the west bank of the Gatineau River and the north shore of the Ottawa River, directly opposite Ottawa. As part of Canada's National Capital Region, it contains offices for more than 20,000 civil servants. It was named after Kingston upon Hull in England.
Marie Delcourt
Marie Delcourt (Ixelles, 18 November 1891 – Liège, 11 February 1979) was a Belgian classical philologist. She studied at the University of Liège (ULg), and obtained a PhD in classical philology in 1919. Under the German occupation of Belgium during World War I she was active in the Dame Blanche resistance network. She was the first female part-time lecturer at the ULg.

An expert in the history of the ancient Greek religion, Marie Delcourt was particularly interested in the psychological dimension of religious facts. She was also a newspaper columnist and editorialist. She was married to writer Alexis Curvers.

Ixelles
Ixelles (French, pronounced [iksɛl] ⓘ) or Elsene (Dutch, pronounced [ˈɛlsənə] ⓘ) is one of the 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium. Located to the south-east of Brussels' city centre, it is geographically bisected by the City of Brussels. It is also bordered by the municipalities of Auderghem, Etterbeek, Forest, Uccle, Saint-Gilles and Watermael-Boitsfort.

As of 1 January 2023, the municipality had a population of 88,521 inhabitants. The total area is 6.41 km2 (2.47 sq mi), which gives a population density of 13,807/km2 (35,760/sq mi). In common with all of Brussels' municipalities, it is legally bilingual (French–Dutch). It is generally considered an affluent area of the region, and is particularly noted for its communities of European and Congolese immigrants.
José Luis Borau
José Luis Borau Moradell (8 August 1929 – 23 November 2012) was a Spanish producer,  screenwriter,  writer, and film director. He won the Goya Award for Best Director in 2000 for Leo.

Borau was born in Zaragoza.  In addition to directing, he acted in some films, including Everyone Off to Jail in 1993.

He was president of the Spanish Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (1994–1998), and member of the jury at the 41st Berlin International Film Festival in 1991. In February 2008 he was elected to the B seat of the Real Academia Española.

Borau died on 23 December 2012 aged 83 in Madrid from a throat cancer.

Goya Awards
The Goya Awards (Spanish: Premios Goya) are Spain's main national annual film awards. They are presented by the Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences of Spain.

The first ceremony was held in 1987, a year after the founding of the Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences, at the Teatro Lope de Vega in Madrid. They have since been also held in other Spanish cities (Barcelona, Seville, Málaga, Valencia, Valladolid, and Granada).
Eric Menk
Eric Conrad Padua Menk (born August 24, 1974) is a Filipino-American former professional basketball player who played in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) and the ASEAN Basketball League. Known as Major Pain, Menk is a four-time PBA champion and was the 2004–05 PBA Most Valuable Player.

Menk had played for the Barangay Ginebra franchise for twelve seasons before being waived and signed by the San Miguel Beermen of the ASEAN Basketball League. He was eventually picked up by the Aces of the PBA, playing for them for two seasons before retiring.

ASEAN Basketball League
The ASEAN Basketball League (ABL) was an international professional men's basketball league in Southeast Asia, composed of eight teams from Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam), in addition to Hong Kong and Macau. Earlier teams have included Taiwan and Brunei. The league was proposed in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and launched its inaugural season on 1 October 2009.
Gordon V. Thompson
Gordon Vincent Thompson (1888–1965) was a Canadian composer of patriotic and religious songs.  He founded the Thompson Publishing Company in 1911 and the Authors and Composers Association of Canada in 1918.  He then sold his business to Leo Feist and worked for them until 1932 when he started his own company again – Gordon V. Thompson Ltd. (The second company was acquired by Warner Chappell Music in 1990.)

His work included:

"When Jack Comes Back" (1915)

"Where Is My Boy Tonight?" (1915)

"Red Cross Nell and Khaki Jim" (1916)

"When We Wind Up the Watch on the Rhine" (1917)

"Heroes of the Flag (the New Veteran’s Song)" (1917)

"For the Glory of the Grand Old Flag" (1918)

"You Are Welcome Back at Home, Sweet Home" (1919)

"Quintuplets' Lullaby" (1935)

"In an Eastern Canadian Port" (1944)

"Jesus is Lord" (1956)

Composers, Authors and Publishers Association of Canada
The Composers, Authors and Publishers Association of Canada (French: Association des compositeurs, auteurs et éditeurs du Canada Ltée) was a Canadian copyright collective for the right to communicate with the public and publicly perform musical works. CAPAC administered these rights on behalf of its members (composers, lyricists, songwriters, and their publishers) and those of affiliated international organizations by licensing the use of their music in Canada.  Royalties were paid to the music creators after administration costs were deducted to pay for the operation of CAPAC.
Brazil–Ecuador relations
Diplomatic relations between Brazil and Ecuador have existed since the mid-19th century and have been historically friendly. Both countries participate in multiple South America-based blocs; Mercosur, CELAC, and the Andean Community. The President of Brazil, Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, has offered cooperation between the countries during the Ecuadorian security crisis. However, tensions arose in 2024 when Ecuador raided Mexico's embassy in Quito; Brazil criticized Ecuador for perpetrating the incident.

President of Brazil
The president of Brazil (Portuguese: presidente do Brasil), officially the president of the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: presidente da República Federativa do Brasil) or simply the President of the Republic, is the head of state and head of government of Brazil.

The presidential system was established in 1889, upon the proclamation of the republic in a military coup d'état against Emperor Pedro II. Since then, Brazil has had six constitutions, three dictatorships, and three democratic periods. The Constitution of Brazil, along with several constitutional amendments, establishes the requirements, powers, and responsibilities of the president, their term of office and the method of election.

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is the 39th and current president. He was sworn in on 1 January 2023.
Laurelwood (Richland County, South Carolina)
Laurelwood is a historic plantation house located in rural Richland County, South Carolina, near the city of Eastover. It was built about 1830, and is a two-story frame dwelling with a central-hall, double-pile plan. The front façade features a two-tier, three bay, pedimented portico in the Greek Revival style. It has a one-story, frame addition built in the early-20th century. Also on the property are the contributing frame smokehouse and a frame barn.  Also notable is the survival of a slave quarters.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

Central-passage house
The central-passage house, also known variously as central hall plan house, center-hall house, hall-passage-parlor house, Williamsburg cottage, and Tidewater-type cottage, was a vernacular, or folk form, house type from the colonial period onward into the 19th century in the United States.
Shades Mountain
Shades Mountain is a cuesta in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. The mountain is bordered by Shades Crest Road to the west, Highway 150 to the south, Highway 280 to the east and Shades Creek to the north. It includes all of the neighborhood of Bluff Park in Hoover, where it summits, as well as portions of the cities of Homewood, Vestavia Hills and Mountain Brook.

Homewood, Alabama
Homewood is a city in southeastern Jefferson County, Alabama, United States.  It is a suburb of Birmingham, located on the other side of Red Mountain due south of the city center. The population was 26,414 at the 2020 census.
William Houghton (American football)
William G. "Bud" Houghton (November 14, 1908 – October 18, 2001) was an American football coach in Ohio. He served as the head football coach at the University of Akron from 1948 to 1951, compiling a record of 7–27–1. Houghton graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1933. He was an assistant football coach under Paul Brown at Massillon Washington High School in Massillon, Ohio and succeeded him as head coach when Brown moved to Ohio State University in 1941. Upon resigning as football coach at Akron in 1951, Houghton noted his "poor record" and business opportunities.

Ohio Wesleyan University
Ohio Wesleyan University (abbreviated OWU) is a private liberal arts college in Delaware, Ohio, United States. Founded in 1842 by Methodist leaders and central Ohio residents, OWU is a member of the Ohio Five – a consortium of Ohio liberal arts colleges. Its 200-acre (81 ha) campus is 27 miles (44 km) north of Columbus, Ohio and includes the main academic and residential campus, Perkins Observatory, and the Kraus Wilderness Preserve.
Duodenal-jejunal bypass liner
Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Liner, or Gastric Bypass Stent, Common brand names include EndoBarrier, is an implantable medical device in the form of a thin flexible 60 cm-long tube that creates a physical barrier between ingested food and the duodenum/proximal jejunum. The duodenal-jejunal bypass liner prevents the interaction of food with enzymes and hormones in the proximal intestine to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity. The duodenal-jejunal bypass liner is delivered endoscopically and has been tested on the morbidly obese (those with a body mass index [BMI] greater than 40) as well as obese patients with a BMI less than 40, particularly those with difficult-to-manage type 2 diabetes. Despite a handful of serious adverse events such as gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal pain, and device migration — all resolved with device removal — initial clinical trials have produced promising results in the treatment's ability to improve weight loss and glucose homeostasis outcomes.

Jejunum
The jejunum is the second part of the small intestine in humans and most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds.  Its lining is specialized for the absorption by enterocytes of small nutrient molecules which have been previously digested by enzymes in the duodenum.

The jejunum lies between the duodenum and the ileum and is considered to start at the suspensory muscle of the duodenum, a location called the duodenojejunal flexure. The division between the jejunum and ileum is not anatomically distinct. In adult humans, the small intestine is usually 6–7 m (20–23 ft) long (post mortem), about two-fifths of which (about 2.5 m (8.2 ft)) is the jejunum.
Iron Bridge, Satu Mare
The Iron Bridge (Romanian: Podul de Fier) crosses the lower Someş River to the east side of Satu Mare city, linking the residential districts of Gelu and Centru Nou.

The Iron Bridge is a riveted over-deck truss bridge with steel girders and is 227 m (745 ft) long, 11 m (36 ft) wide, and 30 m (98 ft) high.

Satu Mare
Satu Mare (pronounced [ˈsatu ˈmare] ⓘ; Hungarian: Szatmárnémeti [sɒtmaːrneːmɛti]; German: Sathmar; Yiddish: סאטמאר Satmar or סאַטמער Satmer) is a city in Romania with a population of 102,400 (2011). It is the capital of Satu Mare County as well as the centre of the Satu Mare metropolitan area. It lies in the region of Maramureș, broadly part of Transylvania. Mentioned in the Gesta Hungarorum as castrum Zotmar ("Zotmar's fort"), the city has a history going back to the Middle Ages. Today, it is an academic, cultural, industrial, and business centre in the Nord-Vest development region.