hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saw Ba U Gyi
Saw Ba U Gyi (S'gaw Karen: စီၤဘးအူကၠံ, Burmese: စောဘဦးကြီး [sɔ́ ba̰ ʔú dʑí]; 1905 – 12 August 1950) was the first President of the Karen National Union. Ba U Gyi graduated with a bachelor's degree from Cambridge University  in 1925 and studied law in England, passing the English bar in 1927. From 1937 to 1939, he served as the Minister of Revenue of British Burma, and from February to April 1947, as the Minister for Transport and Communications of Burma. He was killed in an ambush by the Burmese Army on 12 August 1950.

Karen National Union
The Karen National Union (Burmese: ကရင် အမျိုးသား အစည်းအရုံး; abbreviated KNU) is a political organisation with an armed wing, the Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA), that represent the Karen people of Myanmar. It operates in mountainous eastern Myanmar and has underground networks in other areas of Myanmar where Karen people live as a minority group.

Some of the Karen, led primarily by the Karen National Union (KNU), have waged a war against the central government since early 1949. The aim of the KNU at first was independence. Since 1976 the armed group has called for a federal system rather than an independent Karen State.

The Karen conflict is the second longest internal war in the world after the Dagohoy rebellion in the Philippines, having been waged for 85 years until 1829.

In 2025, the Myanmar military junta designated the KNU as a terrorist organization.
Kritische Islamkonferenz
The Kritische Islamkonferenz or KIK (English: Critical Islam Conference) is an irregular organised event in Germany, which was conceived to be the critical counterpart to the Deutsche Islamkonferenz (German Islam Conference). Its first edition took place in 2008 in Cologne, where it was co-hosted by the Central Council of Ex-Muslims and the Giordano Bruno Foundation. The second edition was held in Berlin in 2013.

Mina Ahadi
Mina Ahadi (Persian: مینا احدی, romanized: Minâ Ahadi, born 1956) is an Iranian-Austrian political activist. She is a member of the Central Committee and Politburo of the Worker-communist Party of Iran.
Stanley Burnside
Stanley "Stan" Burnside (born 1947) is a Bahamian cartoonist, painter, and costume designer. From 1979 to 2019, he penned the Sideburns editorial cartoon for The Nassau Guardian. As a painter, his style was influenced by the collaborative process of Junkanoo, an annual Caribbean street parade. He was a designer and artistic director for the Junkanoo groups Saxon Superstars and One Family. He has also been involved in several artist collaborations with fellow Bahamian artists and co-founded B-CAUSE, an artist collective dedicated to founding a national art gallery for The Bahamas and a national art school. He has been called a "pioneering voice in Afrofuturism".

Born in Nassau, Burnside attended school in the United States, receiving his BFA and MFA from the University of Pennsylvania. He taught art at the College of The Bahamas until 1990.

Galerie Perrotin
Perrotin gallery is a contemporary art gallery founded by Emmanuel Perrotin in Paris in the 1990s. It has multiple locations worldwide, including galleries in Paris, Hong Kong, New York, Seoul, Tokyo, Shanghai, and Los Angeles.
2006 Portuguese Social Democratic Party leadership election
The 2006 Portuguese Social Democratic Party leadership election was held on 5 May 2006. This was the first leadership election open to all party members, due to a change in the party's rules proposed by then party leader Luís Marques Mendes, elected in April 2005. Marques Mendes was the sole candidate, thus winning with more than 90% of the votes.

Luís Marques Mendes
Luís Manuel Gonçalves Marques Mendes GCIH (born 5 September 1957) is a Portuguese lawyer and politician. He was the President of the Social Democratic Party from 2005 until 2007. He ran and lost the 2026 presidential election, being defeated after obtaining just 11.3% of the votes.
Ocellularia wolseleyana
Ocellularia wolseleyana is a species of lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Eastern Thailand, it was formally described as a new species in 2002 by lichenologists Natsurang Homchantara and Brian J. Coppins. The type specimen was collected by the first author in Khao Yai National Park (Nakhon Ratchasima Province) at an elevation of 830 m (2,720 ft). Here, in a mixed deciduous forest, the lichen was found growing on rock and on bark. It has a smooth and shiny, irregularly cracked thallus that ranges in colour from whitish mineral grey to olivaceous grey. It has a dense cortex and a white to creamy buff medulla. It contains psoromic acid, a secondary compound. Ocellularia neomasonhalei is similar in appearance to O. wolseleyana.

Medulla (lichenology)
The medulla is a horizontal layer within a lichen thallus.  It is a loosely arranged layer of interlaced hyphae below the upper cortex and photobiont zone, but above the lower cortex. The medulla generally has a cottony appearance.  It is the widest layer of a heteromerous lichen thallus.
Jerlani Robinson
Jerlani Robinson (born 23 December 1993) is a Dominican cricketer who plays for the Windward Islands in West Indian domestic cricket. A right-handed top-order batsman, Robinson made his first-class debut for the Windwards in March 2015, playing against Guyana in the 2014–15 Regional Four Day Competition. He scored his maiden first-class half-century in February 2016, with an innings of 57 in the first innings of a match against Guyana. He followed this was 64 runs in the second innings of the next match, against Jamaica.

His grandfather Clem John played for Windward Islands in the 1960s.

Jamaica national cricket team
The Jamaica national cricket team is the representative cricket team of Jamaica. The team competes under the franchise name, Jamaica Scorpions in the Cricket West Indies' Professional Cricket League which comprises both the Regional Four Day Competition and the Regional Super50.  Jamaica has won a sum of 12 regional first class and 9 regional one day titles. Hence the Scorpions have won the second most first class and 50 over championships in the history of West Indies cricket.

The most prominent Jamaican cricketers include George Headley, Allan Rae, Alf Valentine, Collie Smith, Lawrence Rowe, Michael Holding, Jeff Dujon, Courtney Walsh, Patrick Patterson, Jimmy Adams, Chris Gayle, Marlon Samuels, Jerome Taylor, Nikita Miller and Gareth Breese.
Rendezvous pitch maneuver
The  R-bar pitch maneuver (RPM), popularly called the  rendezvous pitch maneuver or backflip, was a maneuver performed by the Space Shuttle as it rendezvoused with the International Space Station (ISS) prior to docking. The Shuttle performed a backflip that exposed its heat-shield to the crew of the ISS that made photographs of it. Based on the information gathered during the rendezvous pitch maneuver, the mission team could decide that the orbiter was not safe for re-entry. They may have then decided either to wait on the ISS for a rescue mission or attempt extra-vehicular activity to repair the heat shield and secure the safe re-entry of the orbiter. This was a standard procedure recommended by CAIB for all space shuttles docking to the International Space Station after a damaged heat shield caused the Columbia disaster.

Expedition 15
Expedition 15 was the 15th expedition to the International Space Station (ISS). Four crew members participated in the expedition, although for most of the expedition's duration only three were on the station at any one time. During Expedition 15, the ISS Integrated Truss Structure was expanded twice: STS-117 brought the S3/S4 truss, and STS-118 brought the S5 truss.
Alan J. Higgins
Alan Joel Higgins (sometimes credited as Al Higgins and Alan Higgins) is an American television writer and producer.

Higgins was born in Des Moines, Iowa, and is the brother of actor David Anthony Higgins and Saturday Night Live assistant producer/The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon announcer Steve Higgins.

He was a writer and associate producer of the television series Malcolm in the Middle for the first three seasons, and came back as a creative consultant for season seven.

Higgins' other television credits include the first three seasons of NewsRadio, 'Til Death, Cracking Up, In the Motherhood, Cavemen, Doug, 100 Questions, Big Lake, Mike & Molly and Bob Hearts Abishola.

100 Questions
100 Questions (originally known as 100 Questions for Charlotte Payne) is an American sitcom television series which ran on NBC from May 27 to July 1, 2010. In May 2009 the network announced that the show would debut midseason in March 2010 on Tuesday nights at 9:30 pm, after NBC's coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics was completed. However the show was later pushed back to debut on May 27, 2010, with the episode order reduced from thirteen to six. 100 Questions was produced by Universal Media Studios, with executive producers Christopher Moynihan, Kelly Kulchak, Ron West, and Michelle Nader.

On July 8, 2010, NBC cancelled the series after one season.
Joan M. Ferrante
Joan Marguerite Aida Ferrante (born November 11, 1936) is an American scholar of medieval literature.

She was born in Jersey City, New Jersey. She received a bachelor of arts from Barnard College in 1958 and a master's and PhD from Columbia University in 1959 and 1962, respectively. She taught at Hunter College and Barnard, and as an instructor at Columbia, before becoming a professor at Columbia in 1966. She retired in 2006.

Ferrante was president of the Medieval Academy of America in 2000. Before that, she was president of the Dante Society of America and Phi Beta Kappa. A conference was held in 2001 on the occasion of her 65th birthday. A Festschrift titled Medieval Constructions in Gender and Identity: Essays in Honor of Joan M. Ferrante, which collected papers given at the conference, was published in 2005.

Dante Society of America
The Dante Society of America is an American academic society devoted to the study of Dante Alighieri. One of the oldest scholarly societies in North America, it predates both the Modern Language Association, founded in 1883, and the American Historical Association, founded in 1884. After the German Dante Society (German: Deutsche Dante-Gesellschaft; founded in 1865), it is the second-oldest scholarly organization devoted to the study of Dante. The Society was also one of the first scholarly societies in the United States to have women among its founding members. The current president is Alison Cornish of New York University.
Gary Ruvkun
Gary Bruce Ruvkun (born March 26, 1952) is an American molecular biologist at Massachusetts General Hospital and professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School in Boston.

Ruvkun discovered the mechanism by which lin-4, the first microRNA (miRNA) discovered by Victor Ambros, regulates the translation of target messenger RNAs via imperfect base-pairing to those targets, and discovered the second miRNA, let-7, and that it is conserved across animal phylogeny, including in humans. These miRNA discoveries revealed a new world of RNA regulation at an unprecedented small size scale, and the mechanism of that regulation.  Ruvkun also discovered many features of insulin-like signaling in the regulation of aging and metabolism.

He was elected a Member of the American Philosophical Society in 2019. Ruvkun was awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation.

Lin-4 microRNA precursor
In molecular biology lin-4 is a microRNA (miRNA) that was identified from a study of developmental timing in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. It was the first to be discovered of the miRNAs, a class of non-coding RNAs involved in gene regulation. miRNAs are transcribed as ~70 nucleotide precursors and subsequently processed by the Dicer enzyme to give a 21 nucleotide product. The extents of the hairpin precursors are not generally known and are estimated based on hairpin prediction. The products are thought to have regulatory roles through complete or partial complementarity to mRNA. The lin-4 gene has been found to lie within a 4.11kb intron of a separate host gene lho-1 (see also ).
Bibliometrician
A bibliometrician is a researcher or a specialist in bibliometrics. It is near-synonymous with an informetrican (who studies informetrics), a scientometrican (who study scientometrics) and a webometrician, who study webometrics.

Scientometrics
Scientometrics is a subfield of informetrics that studies quantitative aspects of scholarly literature. Major research issues in scientometrics include the measurement of the impact of research papers and academic journals, the understanding of scientific citations, and the use of such measurements in policy and management contexts.

In practice, there is a substantial overlap between scientometrics and other scientific fields, including information systems, information science, the science of science policy, the sociology of science, and metascience. Critics have argued that overreliance on scientometrics has created a system of perverse incentives, producing a publish or perish environment that leads to low-quality research.
Abu Sa'id al-Kharraz
Abū Sa‘īd al-Kharrāz (Arabic: أبو سعيد الخراز), also known as "the Cobbler", was a pseudonym of Aḥmad bin ‘Īsā. He was a native of Baghdad. He had a devotion toward Sufism, and so went to Egypt and resided piously by the Ka‘bah. His profession was that of a shoemaker, and he was a disciple of Muḥammad bin Manṣūr al-Ṭūsī. He associated with Dhū al-Nūn al-Miṣrī, al-Sarī al-Saqaṭī, Abū ‘Ubayd al-Baṣrī, and Bishr bin al-Ḥārith, and derived much spiritual instruction from them.

To him is attributed the formulation of the mystical doctrine of passing away (from human attributes) and continuance (in God). He was the author of several books, some of which have survived. The date of his death is uncertain, but probably was between 279 A.H. (890 AD) and 286 (899).

He was the first person to speak of the states of “passing-away” (fanā’) and “continuance” (baqā’) in the mystical sense, summing up his whole doctrine in these two terms.

Fana (Sufism)
Fanaa (Arabic: فناء fanāʾ ) in Sufism is the "passing away" or "annihilation" (of the self). Fana means "to die before one dies", a concept highlighted by famous notable Persian mystics such as Rumi. There is controversy around what Fana exactly is, with some Sufis defining it as the absolute annihilation of the human ego before God, whereby the self becomes an instrument of God's plan in the world (Baqaa).

Other Sufis also interpret it as breaking down of the individual ego and a recognition of the fundamental unity of God, creation, and the individual self. However, persons having entered this enlightened state are said to obtain absolute awareness of an intrinsic unity (Tawhid) between God and all that exists, including the individual themselves.
Riekert Hattingh
Riekert Hattingh (born 5 March 1994) is a South African born American professional rugby union player, currently playing for the Seattle Seawolves of Major League Rugby (MLR) and the United States national team. His preferred position is flanker or number 8.

Flanker (rugby union)
Flanker is a position in the sport of rugby union. Each team of 15 players includes two flankers, who play in the forwards, and are generally classified as either blindside or openside flankers, numbers 6 and 7 respectively. The name comes from their position in a scrum in which they 'flank' each set of forwards. They compete for the ball – most commonly in rucks and mauls. Flankers also assist in pushing in a scrum, but are expected to detach from the scrum as soon as the ball is out to get to the play before the opposition's forwards. Flankers also participate in line-outs, either being lifted to contest or win possession, or to lift other players. Flankers are usually the key participants in the tackling process. The flankers, especially the openside, are often the fastest forwards on the team but still relied upon for tackling.
Queens Channel
The Queens Channel (76°11′N 96°00′W﻿ / ﻿76.183°N 96.000°W﻿ / 76.183; -96.000﻿ (Queens Channel)) is a natural waterway through the central Canadian Arctic Archipelago in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut. It is surrounded by Bathurst Island (to the west), Cornwallis and Little Cornwallis Islands (to the south), Baillie-Hamilton and Dundas Islands (to the east), and Devon Island (to the north-east). To the north, the channel opens into the Penny Strait, to the south-west into the Crozier and Pullen Straits, and to the east into the Wellington Channel.

Bathurst Island (Nunavut)
Bathurst Island is one of the Queen Elizabeth Islands in Nunavut, Canada. It is a member of the Arctic Archipelago. An uninhabited island, the area is estimated at 16,042 km2 (6,194 sq mi), 185 to 188 km (115 to 117 mi) long and from 101 km (63 mi) to 116 km (72 mi) to 149.5 km (92.9 mi) wide, making it Canada's 13th largest island. It is located between Devon Island and Cornwallis Island in the east, and Melville Island in the west. Four small islands of Cameron, Vanier, Massey and Alexander lie in its northwest.

The island is low-lying with few parts higher than 330 m (1,080 ft) in elevation. The highest point is 412 m (1,352 ft) at Stokes Mountain in the Stokes Range. This in turn forms part of the Arctic Cordillera mountain system. Good soil conditions produce abundant vegetation and support a more prolific wildlife population than other Arctic islands.

The island contains both the International Biological Program site Polar Bear Pass and Qausuittuq National Park.
Freddie Crawford
Frederick Russell Crawford Jr. (born December 23, 1941) is an American former basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Crawford was drafted in the fourth round of the 1964 NBA draft by the New York Knicks. Previously, he had been drafted by the Knicks in the 1963 NBA draft. He eventually played with the Knicks in the NBA in 1967. The following year, he was sold to the Los Angeles Lakers. In 1969, he was again sold, this time to the Milwaukee Bucks. Later, Crawford was selected by the Buffalo Braves in the 1970 NBA expansion draft. He was traded to the Philadelphia 76ers later that year.

Crawford played for the Wilmington Blue Bombers of the Eastern Professional Basketball League (EPBL) from 1964 to 1967. He won an EPBL championship with the Blue Bombers in 1966. Crawford was selected to the All-EPBL First Team in 1966.

1964 NBA draft
The 1964 NBA draft was the 18th annual draft of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The draft was held on May 4, 1964, before the 1964–65 season. In this draft, nine NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players. A player who had finished his four-year college eligibility was eligible for selection. If a player left college early, he would not be eligible for selection until his college class graduated. In each round, the teams select in reverse order of their win–loss record in the previous season. Before the draft, a team could forfeit its first-round draft pick and then select any player from within a 50-mile (80 km) radius of its home arena as their territorial pick. The draft consisted of 15 rounds comprising 101 players selected.
Babangon Ako't Dudurugin Kita
Babangon Ako't Dudurugin Kita (transl. I will rise and crush you / international title: Sweet Revenge) is a 2008 Philippine television drama thriller series broadcast by GMA Network. The series is based on a 1989 Philippine film of the same title. Directed by Joel Lamangan, it stars Yasmien Kurdi and JC de Vera. It premiered on March 24, 2008 on the network's Telebabad line up. The series concluded on June 27, 2008 with a total of 70 episodes.

The series is streaming online on YouTube.

Philippine television drama
Philippine television drama, also known as teleserye is a form of melodramatic, serialized, televised fiction in the Philippines. Teleserye is derived from two Filipino words: "tele", short for "telebisyón" (television), and "serye" (series).

Teleseryes share characteristics with and have roots similar to soap operas and telenovelas. They have evolved into a genre with unique characteristics, however, and often reflect Filipino social reality. Teleseryes are aired in the afternoon and prime time, five days a week. Their audience crosses age and gender lines, and they have the highest advertising rates in the Philippine television industry. Series last from three months to a year or longer, depending on ratings.

Philippine TV dramas also include serials and anthologies, usually shown weekly. These dramas have a finite number of episodes and usually last one season, again depending on ratings.
Delta Heavy
Delta Heavy (often stylised as DELTΔ HEΔVY) are an English drum and bass production duo consisting of Ben Hall and Simon James. They found fame with their 2012 single "Get By", which entered the UK Indie Chart at number 30. The duo's debut album, Paradise Lost, was released on 18 March 2016 through RAM Records.

UK Independent Singles and Albums Charts
The UK Independent Singles Chart and UK Independent Albums Chart are charts of the best-selling independent singles and albums, respectively, in the United Kingdom. Originally published in January 1980, and widely known as the indie chart, the relevance of the chart dwindled in the 1990s as major-label ownership blurred the boundary between independent and major labels.

Separate independent charts are currently published weekly by the Official Charts Company.
Who's the Boss? (album)
Who's the Boss? is the debut album by rapper Antoinette. It was released in 1989 through Next Plateau Entertainment. The album was produced by I.G. Off, Jay Ellis, and the Ultramagnetic MCs. "I'm Crying" allegedly plagiarized Tam-Tam's "I'm Cryin'".

The album peaked at No. 47 on the Top R&B Albums chart. The title track peaked at No. 17 on the Billboard Hot Rap Songs.

The album has gained New York-based rapper Antoinette praise from many rap acts such as Rakim, Yo-Yo, and Salt n Pepa's Spinderella for its lyrical agility and raw vocals.

Antoinette was praised for her chill, deep vocals and delivery, especially on cuts like "I Got an Attitude" and "Who’s the Boss".

Ultramagnetic MCs
Ultramagnetic MCs (rendered as Ultramagnetic MC's) are an American hip hop group based in the Bronx, New York City. Founded by Kool Keith, the group also includes Ced Gee, TR Love, and Moe Love. Big D was brought into the group by his cousin Kool Keith as a hype man in 1988. Tim Dog became an unofficial member in 1989. In 1990, DJ Jaycee was added as a road manager and backup DJ. A former member, Rooney Roon, was fired following an assault arrest. Beat-boxer Rahzel was a roadie for the group early in its career. The group's work was associated with unorthodox sampling, polysyllabic rhymes, and bizarre lyrical imagery.
Vicuña Mackenna Batholith
The Vicuña Mackenna Batholith (Spanish: Batolito Vicuña Mackenna) is a group of plutons in the Chilean Coast Range of northern Chile. The plutons of the batholith formed (cooled from magma to rock) between the Early Jurassic and the Late Cretaceous (192–98 Ma). The magmas that formed the batholith originated in Earth's mantle and have not suffered any significant crustal contamination. A group of Early Cretaceous plutons were intruded syn-tectonically on the Atacama Fault.

Mantle (geology)
A mantle is a layer inside a planetary body bounded below by a core and above by a crust. Mantles are made of rock or ices, and are generally the largest and most massive layer of the planetary body. Mantles are characteristic of planetary bodies that have undergone differentiation by density.  All terrestrial planets (including Earth), half of the giant planets, specifically ice giants, a number of asteroids, and some planetary moons have mantles.