hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
War in 140 Characters
War in 140 Characters: How Social Media Is Reshaping Conflict in the Twenty-First Century is a 2017 book by the writer David Patrikarakos, in which the author draws from time embedded with forces in the Russian-Ukraine conflict as well as analysing the 2014 Hamas-Israel war, Operation Protective Edge and ISIS, to describe the increasing role played by social media in modern conflict.
The book has been optioned for development by triple-Oscar winner Angus Wall

Patrikarakos identifies "a new breed of ‘warriors’ in twenty-first-century conflict – the powerful, globally connected individuals" which he terms ‘homo digitalis'. They include the investigative journalist Eliot Higgins of Bellingcat, who is discussed in two chapters of the book.

Eliot Higgins
Eliot Ward Higgins (born January 1979), who previously wrote under the pseudonym Brown Moses, is a British citizen journalist and former blogger, known for using open sources and social media for investigations. He is the founder of Bellingcat, an investigative journalism website that specialises in fact-checking and open-source intelligence. He has investigated incidents including the Syrian Civil War, the Russo-Ukrainian War, the downing of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 and the poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal. He first gained mainstream media attention by identifying weapons in uploaded videos from the Syrian conflict.
Server Side Includes
Server Side Includes (SSI) is a simple interpreted server-side scripting language used almost exclusively for the World Wide Web. It is most useful for including the contents of one or more files into a web page on a web server (see below), using its #include directive. This could commonly be a common piece of code throughout a site, such as a page header, a page footer and a navigation menu. SSI also contains control directives for conditional features and directives for calling external programs. It is supported by Apache, LiteSpeed, nginx, IIS as well as W3C's Jigsaw. It has its roots in NCSA HTTPd.

In order for a web server to recognize an SSI-enabled HTML file and therefore carry out these instructions, either the filename should end with a special extension, by default .shtml, .stm, .shtm, or, if the server is configured to allow this, set the execution bit of the file.

Internet Information Services
Microsoft IIS (Internet Information Services, IIS, 2S) is an extensible web server created by Microsoft for use with the Windows NT family. IIS supports HTTP, HTTP/2, HTTP/3, HTTPS, FTP, FTPS, SMTP and NNTP.  It has been an integral part of the Windows NT family since Windows NT 4.0, though it may be absent from some editions (e.g. Windows XP Home edition), and is not active by default. A dedicated suite of software called SEO Toolkit is included in the latest version of the manager. This suite has several tools for SEO with features for metatag / web coding optimization, sitemaps / robots.txt configuration, website analysis, crawler setting, SSL server-side configuration and more.
Golexanolone
Golexanolone, also known by the developmental code name GR-3027, is a neurosteroid medication which is under development for the treatment of hypersomnia and hepatic encephalopathy. It acts as a negative allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor. The medication selectively antagonizes the stimulatory actions of inhibitory neurosteroids like allopregnanolone and tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC) at the GABAA receptor, while not affecting the activation of the GABAA receptor by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

GABA
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid, γ-aminobutyric acid) is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the developmentally mature mammalian central nervous system. Its principal role is reducing neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system.

GABA is sold as a dietary supplement in many countries. It has been traditionally thought that exogenous GABA (i.e., taken as a supplement) does not cross the blood–brain barrier, but data obtained from more recent research (2010s) in rats describes the notion as being unclear.

The carboxylate form of GABA is γ-aminobutyrate.
National Revolutionary Movement for Development
The National Revolutionary Movement for Development (French: Mouvement révolutionnaire national pour le développement, MRND) was the ruling political party of Rwanda from 1975 to 1994 under President Juvénal Habyarimana, running with first Vice President Édouard Karemera. From 1978 to 1991, the MRND was the only legal political party in the country. It was dominated by Hutus, particularly from President Habyarimana's home region of Northern Rwanda. The elite group of MRND party members who were known to have influence on the President and his wife are known as the akazu. In 1991, the party was renamed the National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development (French: Mouvement républicain national pour la démocratie et le développement, MRND or MRNDD).

Following the Rwandan genocide in 1994, the party was banned.

Hutu
The Hutu (/ˈhuːtuː/), also known as the Abahutu, are a Bantu ethnic group native to the African Great Lakes region. They mainly live in Rwanda, Burundi, and Uganda where they form one of the principal ethnic groups alongside the Tutsi and the Great Lakes Twa.
Trade and Tariff Act of 1984
Trade and Tariff Act of 1984 (P.L. 98-573) clarified the conditions under which unfair trade cases under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-618) can be pursued. It also provided bilateral trade negotiating authority for the U.S.-Israel Free Trade Agreement and the U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement, and set out procedures to be followed for congressional approval of future bilateral trade agreements.

The H.R. 3398 bill was sponsored by Democrat Sam Gibbons representing the Florida's 7th congressional district. The Act of Congress was enacted into law by 40th President of the United States Ronald Reagan on October 30, 1984.

Sam Gibbons
Samuel Melville Gibbons (January 20, 1920 – October 10, 2012) was an American politician from the state of Florida, who served in the Florida State House of Representatives, Florida State Senate, and the U.S. House of Representatives. He represented the city of Tampa in Congress for over 30 years.
Flat-headed cat
The flat-headed cat (Prionailurus planiceps) is a small wild cat with short reddish-brown fur. Its head is elongated, and its ears are rounded. Its slender body is 41 to 50 cm (16 to 20 in) long with a tail of 13 to 15 cm (5.1 to 5.9 in), and it weighs 1.5 to 2.5 kg (3.3 to 5.5 lb).

The flat-headed cat was first described in 1827 based on a zoological specimen collected in Sumatra. It is also native to the Thai-Malay Peninsula and Borneo, and inhabits wetlands like mixed freshwater swamp forests, peat swamp forests and lowland freshwater swamps near rivers and coastal areas. It preys foremost on fish, frogs and crustaceans.

The flat-headed cat is threatened by habitat destruction due to conversion for settlements, agriculture and oil palm plantations. It has been listed on the IUCN Red List as Endangered since 2008.

Felinae
The Felinae or small cats are a subfamily of the Felidae distinguished by a bony hyoid, because of which they can purr but not roar.
Other authors have proposed an alternative definition for this subfamily, as comprising only the living conical-toothed cat genera, with two tribes, the Felini and Pantherini, and excluding the extinct sabre-toothed Machairodontinae.
Avalon Rail
Avalon Rail Inc. was a passenger railcar restoration and rebuilding company in West Allis, Wisconsin, United States, a community near Milwaukee. June Garland was the company's president.

The company was founded in 2000 by former employees of Northern Rail Car Corporation, a railcar manufacturer then owned by William E. Gardner, who also owned the Wisconsin and Southern Railroad.

The company said that it was interested in subcontracting assembly work from manufacturers such as Talgo.

In October 2009, it was awarded a contract by Via Rail Canada for rebuilding eight Château sleeping cars and four Park sleeper-dome-lounge cars originally built by the Budd Company.

Railcar
A railcar (not to be confused with the generic term "railroad car" or "railway car"), or motor car is a self-propelled railway vehicle designed to transport passengers. The "self-propelled railcar" refers to a railway train consisting of a single coach (or carriage, car, unit), with a driver's cab at one or both ends. In its simplest form, a "railcar" may also be little more than a railbus or motorized draisine.

Self-powered railcars were once common in North America; these "motor cars" were often called doodlebugs. Some railway companies, such as the Great Western, termed such vehicles "railmotors" (or "rail motors"). Self-propelled passenger vehicles also capable of hauling a train are, in technical rail usage, usually called "rail motor coaches".
Saint George Church, Kasperivtsi
Saint George church (Ukrainian: Георгіївська церква) is a fortified church (OCU) located in Kasperivtsi in Chortkiv Raion, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine. It is an architectural monument of national importance.

Kasperivtsi
Kasperivtsi (Ukrainian: Касперівці, Polish: Kasperowce) is a village located on the Seret River in Chortkiv Raion of Ternopil Oblast (province), in western Ukraine. Kasperivtsi is the administrative center of the village council, which also includes the village of Lysychnyky. It belongs to Zalishchyky urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

In 2015, its estimated population was around 1100.
Pretty Fly (For a White Guy)
"Pretty Fly (For a White Guy)" is a song by American rock band the Offspring. It is the fourth track from the band's fifth studio album, Americana (1998), and was released as its first single in November 1998. The song peaked at number 53 on the US Billboard Hot 100, number five on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, and number three on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. It was successful internationally, reaching number one in 10 countries, including Australia, where it stayed at number one for six weeks and was certified quadruple platinum. It later appeared on the Offspring's 2005 Greatest Hits album.

Dexter Holland
Bryan Keith "Dexter" Holland (born December 29, 1965) is an American musician, best known as the co-founder, lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist, main songwriter and composer, and only constant member of the punk rock band the Offspring. He co-founded the record label Nitro Records, sold in 2013, with former bandmate Greg K. Holland also holds a PhD in molecular biology.
Gunsmoke season 2
The second season of the American Western television series Gunsmoke aired in the United States between September 8, 1956 and June 29, 1957. The season consisted of 39 black-and-white 30 minute episodes.  All episodes were broadcast in the U.S. by CBS, originally airing Saturdays at 10:00-10:30 pm (EST).

Gunsmoke was developed by Charles Marquis Warren and based on the radio program of the same name. The series ran for 20 seasons, making it the longest-running Western in television history.

Dennis Weaver
Billy Dennis Weaver (June 4, 1924 – February 24, 2006) was an American actor and president of the Screen Actors Guild, best known for his work in television and films from the early 1950s until just before his death in 2006. Weaver's two most famous roles were as Marshal Matt Dillon's deputy Chester Goode on the western Gunsmoke and as Deputy Marshal Sam McCloud on the police drama McCloud. He starred in the 1971 television film Duel, the first film of director Steven Spielberg. He is also remembered for his role as the twitchy motel attendant in Orson Welles's film Touch of Evil (1958).
Docking (surname)
Docking is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alan Docking, founder of Alan Docking Racing

Alfred Docking (1860–1938), missionary in the United States

George Docking (1904–1964), politician in the U.S. state of Kansas

Jeffrey Docking (born 1961), president of Adrian College in Michigan

Jonathan Docking (born 1964), Australian rugby league footballer

Robert Docking (1925–1983), politician in the U.S. state of Kansas

Stanley Docking (1914−1940), English footballer

Thomas Docking (1954-2017), politician in the U.S. state of Kansas

Trevor Docking (born 1952), Australian cricketer

Trevor Docking
Trevor William Docking (born 23 February 1952 in Burnie, Tasmania) is a former Australian cricketer who played for Tasmania from 1976 to 1980.

Trevor Docking was a left-handed batsman and very occasional leg-break bowler. He was a member of the Tasmanian team which played in the state's first ever Sheffield Shield match in 1977, and was a member of the 1978–79 Gillette Cup winning side.
Fumio Inagaki
Fumio Inagaki is a geomicrobiologist whose research focuses on the deep subseafloor biosphere. He is the deputy director of the Research and Development Center for Ocean Drilling Science and the Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, which are both part of the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC).

Geomicrobiology
Geomicrobiology is the scientific field at the intersection of geology and microbiology and is a major subfield of geobiology. It concerns the role of microbes on geological and geochemical processes and effects of minerals and metals to microbial growth, activity and survival. Such interactions occur in the geosphere (rocks, minerals, soils, and sediments), the atmosphere and the hydrosphere. Geomicrobiology studies microorganisms that are driving the Earth's biogeochemical cycles, mediating mineral precipitation and dissolution, and sorbing and concentrating metals. The applications include for example bioremediation, mining, climate change mitigation and public drinking water supplies.
Tetramethyldiborane
Dimethylborane, (CH3)2BH is the simplest dialkylborane, consisting of a methyl group substituted for a hydrogen in borane. As for other boranes it normally exists in  the form of a dimer called tetramethyldiborane or tetramethylbisborane or TMDB ((CH3)2BH)2. Other combinations of methylation occur on diborane, including monomethyldiborane, trimethyldiborane, 1,2-dimethylborane, 1,1-dimethylborane and trimethylborane. At room temperature the substance is at equilibrium between these forms.
The methylboranes were first prepared by H. I. Schlesinger and A. O. Walker in the 1930s.

Hermann Irving Schlesinger
Hermann Irving Schlesinger (October 11, 1882 – October 3, 1960) was an American inorganic chemist, working in boron chemistry.

He and Herbert C. Brown discovered sodium borohydride in 1940 and both were involved in the further development of borohydride chemistry.

Schlesinger studied chemistry at the University of Chicago from 1900 till 1905, where he received his Ph.D. for work with Julius Stieglitz. In the following two years, he worked with Walther Nernst at the University of Berlin; with Johannes Thiele at the University of Strasbourg; and with John Jacob Abel at Johns Hopkins University.

From 1907 to 1960, he taught in the department of chemistry at the University of Chicago, rising through the ranks from instructor to full professor in 1922.  He administered the department from 1922-1946, and retired in 1949.

Schlesinger was honored by membership in the National Academy of Sciences and received the Priestley Medal, the highest honor of the American Chemical Society.
Marc Zender
Marc Zender is an anthropologist, epigrapher, and linguist noted for his work on Maya hieroglyphic writing. He is Associate Professor in the Department of Anthropology at Tulane University and a research affiliate at the Middle American Research Institute. His research interests include anthropological and historical linguistics, comparative writing systems, and archaeological decipherment, with a regional focus on Mesoamerica (particularly Mayan, Ch'orti', and Nahuatl/Aztec). He is the author of several books and dozens of articles touching on these themes.

Chʼortiʼ language
The Chʼortiʼ language (sometimes also Chorti) is a Mayan language, spoken by the indigenous Maya people who are also known as the Chʼortiʼ or Chʼortiʼ Maya.  Chʼortiʼ is a direct descendant of the Classic Maya language in which many of the pre-Columbian inscriptions using the Maya script were written. Chʼortiʼ is the modern version of the ancient Mayan language Chʼolan (which was actively used and most popular between the years of AD 250 and 850).
Sarong (food)
Sarong (Thai: สร่ง) is a snack of Thailand made from seasoned minced pork or chicken, shaped into balls, wrapped in misua or thin noodles, and deep-fried until golden. It has a shape akin to a takraw ball. Sarongs are often eaten with a dipping sauce. Sarong was first introduced in Rattanakosin era, initially as a royal cuisine (อาหารชาววัง; ahan chao wang) due to the high prices of misua noodles at the time. Outside the royal court, sarongs were made with chicken in place of pork, and eggs in place of misua. There were reports of minced fish being used as well, but to a lesser popularity.

Misua
Misua (also spelled miswa) is an extremely thin type of noodle made from wheat flour. It is common in East and Southeast Asia, especially in China, Philippines, Taiwan, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Vietnam, Brunei, and Thailand.

Misua noodles are very delicate and cook in less than two minutes. They are often used in soups or lightly boiled dishes. The noodles are known for breaking easily if overcooked.
Shimon Rochkind
Shimon Rochkind (Hebrew: שמעון רושקינד) is an Israeli clinician and an operating neurosurgeon. His professional interests include surgery on the peripheral nerves, the lumbar and sacral spine, brachial plexus and cauda equina. Rochkind pioneered the use of the laser therapy for the treatment of injuries in the peripheral nervous system. Currently he dedicates a fair share of his time to the scientific work: developing the matrix for peripheral nerve and spinal cord reconstruction.

Neurosurgery
Neurosurgery or/and neurological surgery, also known in common parlance as brain surgery, is the medical specialty that focuses on the surgical treatment or rehabilitation of disorders that affect any portion of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, and cerebrovascular system. Neurosurgery as a medical specialty also includes non-surgical management of some neurological conditions.
Stradlice
Stradlice [stradˈlit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kazimierza Wielka, within Kazimierza County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south-east of Kazimierza Wielka and 71 km (44 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

Kazimierza County
Kazimierza County (Polish: powiat kazimierski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Kazimierza Wielka, which lies 69 kilometres (43 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce. The only other town in the county is Skalbmierz, lying 9 km (6 mi) north-west of Kazimierza Wielka.

The county covers an area of 422.48 square kilometres (163.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 33,408, out of which the population of Kazimierza Wielka is 5,550, that of Skalbmierz is 1,285, and the rural population is 26,573.
Tarek Yehia
Tarek Mohamed Yehia Abdel Hamid (Arabic: طارق محمد يحيي عبد الحميد; born 10 September 1961) is an Egyptian former football player and Zamalek former international left winger. He worked as caretaker at Zamalek for many terms.

Egypt Cup
The Egypt Cup (also known as the Egyptian FA Cup and formerly as the King Farouk Cup) is the main knockout football cup competition in Egypt. It is the oldest club competition in Africa. The first team to win the trophy was Zamalek in 1922. Al Ahly hold the record of total number of titles with a total of 39 titles, Zamalek also holds the record of being the only club to win the title for 4 consecutive years twice; from 1957 to 1960 and 2013 up to 2016.
Driaan Bruwer
Driaan Bruwer (born 6 January 1995) is a South African first-class cricketer. He was part of South Africa's squad for the 2014 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup. He was included in the Free State cricket team squad for the 2015 Africa T20 Cup. He made his List A debut for Free State in the 2016–17 CSA Provincial One-Day Challenge on 9 October 2016.

2014 Under-19 Cricket World Cup
The 2014 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup was a one-day cricket competition for sixteen international U-19 cricketing teams which was played in the United Arab Emirates. It was the tenth edition of the Under-19 Cricket World Cup. Sixteen nations competed: the ten Test-playing teams, the United Arab Emirates as hosts, and five additional associate and affiliate qualifiers (Afghanistan, Canada, Namibia, Papua New Guinea, and Scotland). India entered the tournament as defending champions, having won the title in 2012 in Australia under the captaincy of Unmukt Chand.
In the final, South Africa beat Pakistan by six wickets to win the tournament. South Africa captain Aiden Markram was awarded Man of the Series.
2007–08 Hong Kong League Cup
The Hong Kong League Cup 2007–08 is the 8th staging of the Hong Kong League Cup.

The competition started on 19 January 2008 with 10 Hong Kong First Division clubs and concluded on 22 March 2008 with South China beat Kitchee by 4-2 in the final. South China won their second League Cup title.

Happy Valley AA
Happy Valley Athletic Association (Chinese: 愉園體育會), known simply as Happy Valley or HVAA, is a Hong Kong sports club which no longer competes in the Hong Kong football league system. They are historically one of the most successful football clubs in Hong Kong, having won the First Division six times and had consistently been in the top division, until they were relegated to the Second Division after the 2009–10 season.

The football section is part of a sports association which also operates swimming, basketball, first aid, table tennis, athletics and various other recreation activities under its umbrella.
Nigel Dineen
Nigel Dineen is an Irish politician and former Gaelic football manager and player who has served as a member of Roscommon County Council since June 2014. He played for the Castlerea St Kevin's club and at senior level for the Roscommon county team.

2014 Roscommon County Council election
An election for all 18 seats to Roscommon County Council took place on 23 May 2014 as part of the 2014 Irish local elections, a reduction from 26 seats at the 2009 election. County Roscommon was divided into three local electoral areas (LEAs) to elect councillors for a five-year term of office on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV). In addition, the town council of Boyle was abolished.

Fine Gael lost 7 seats, including a number of long-serving councillors; due to voter anger over continuous boil water notices and the closure of the Accident and Emergency Department at Roscommon University Hospital; the latter leading to a split in the party locally. Fianna Fáil and Independents performed well in the election with the former becoming the largest party in Roscommon for the first time since 1985.
The Power of Positive Drinkin'
"Power of Positive Drinkin'" is a song written by Don Pfrimmer and Rick Klang, and recorded by American country music artist Mickey Gilley.  It was released in March 1978 as the lead single from his album Flyin' High.  The song reached number 8 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles chart and number 7 on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks chart.

Mickey Gilley
Mickey Leroy Gilley (March 9, 1936 – May 7, 2022) was an American country music singer, businessman, actor, and musician.

Among his hits are "Room Full of Roses", "Don't the Girls All Get Prettier at Closing Time", and "Lonely Nights". Gilley charted 42 singles in the top 40 on the US Country chart. His cover of "Stand by Me" was used in the movie Urban Cowboy and his nightclub in Pasadena, Texas appeared in the movie. He was a cousin of Jerry Lee Lewis, Carl McVoy, and Jimmy Swaggart.