hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George Mosse Fund
The Foundation George Mosse Fund of the University of Amsterdam (Stichting George Mosse Fonds van de Universiteit van Amsterdam) is a Dutch foundation (stichting) that aims to promote gay and lesbian studies. It was founded in 2001 at the University of Amsterdam, with a bequest from George Mosse's inheritance, given out of appreciation for the cultural-historical education and research on homosexuality in Amsterdam. The foundation is known primarily for its annual lecture.

Devise and bequeath
A devise is the act of giving property by will, traditionally referring to real property. A bequest is the act of giving property by will, usually referring to personal property. Today, the two words are often used interchangeably due to their combination in many wills as devise and bequeath, a legal doublet. The phrase give, devise, and bequeath, a legal triplet, has been used for centuries, including the will of William Shakespeare.

The word bequeath is a verb form for the act of making a bequest.
2022 United States Chess Championship
The 2022 edition of the United States Chess Championship took place at the Saint Louis Chess Club in St. Louis, Missouri from 4 October to 21 October 2022. As with every United States Chess Championship tournament since 2014, it was a round-robin tournament. Fourteen players were invited to compete. Besides the reigning US champion, these included the winners of the US Open Chess Championship, the US Junior Championship, and the US Senior Open Championship. The remaining players were chosen by highest invitational rating, or were selected by the United States Chess Federation (USCF) as wildcards.

The fourteen qualifiers were Fabiano Caruana, Ray Robson, Awonder Liang, Leinier Domínguez, Jeffery Xiong, Wesley So, Samuel Sevian,  Samuel Shankland, Hans Niemann, Levon Aronian, Dariusz Swiercz, Christopher Yoo, Aleksandr Lenderman and Elshan Moradi, all of whom are Grandmasters. Fabiano Caruana won the tournament without losing a game. This was his second title.

Jeffery Xiong
Jeffery Xiong (Chinese: 熊奕韬; pinyin: Xióng Yìtāo; born October 30, 2000) is an American chess grandmaster. He earned the Grandmaster title in September 2015 at the age of fourteen, the fourth youngest player to qualify in the US.
1964 Davis Cup America Zone
The America Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1964 Davis Cup.

7 teams entered the America Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the Eastern Zone and Europe Zone. Australia defeated Chile in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.

Australia Davis Cup team
The Australia Davis Cup team is the second most successful team ever to compete in the Davis Cup, winning the coveted title on 28 separate occasions, second behind the United States with 32.

Australia also participated in winning the Davis Cup six times with New Zealand under the alias Australasia (1905–1922).
Thayumanavan
Thayumanavan is a 2003 Indian Tamil-language action drama film written, produced and directed by Saravanan, who also stars in the lead role alongside actresses Prema  and Srichandana. Babloo Prithviraj, Sriman and Yugendran appear in supporting roles. It was not a box office success.

Sriman (actor)
Kumaravatha Srinivasa Reddy (born 14 February 1972), better known professionally as Sriman, is an Indian actor who appears primarily in Tamil films, and also some Telugu films. He is primarily known for his prominent character roles in Sethu (1999), Friends (2001) Panchathanthiram (2002), Aayutha Ezhuthu (2004),  Pokkiri (2007), Aegan (2008), Muni 2: Kanchana (2011) and Kanchana 2 (2015). He is the son of noted producer Prakash Reddy. He has acted in over 135 films in his illustrious career.
Sphericity (graph theory)
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the sphericity of a graph is a graph invariant defined to be the smallest dimension of Euclidean space required to realize the graph as an intersection graph of congruent spheres. The sphericity of a graph is one of several notions of graph dimension based on intersection graphs; others include boxicity and cubicity. The concept of sphericity was first introduced by Hiroshi Maehara in the early 1980s.

Intersection graph
In graph theory, an intersection graph is a graph that represents the pattern of intersections of a family of sets. Any graph can be represented as an intersection graph, but some important special classes of graphs can be defined by the types of sets that are used to form an intersection representation of them.
Wagalla massacre
The Wagalla massacre was a massacre of ethnic Somalis by the Kenyan Army on 10 February 1984 in Wajir County, Kenya.  The massacre started as an effort to neutralize the ethnic Degodia clan following clan-related conflict in the region populated by Kenyan-Somalis.  Government troops were ordered to stop clan violence in the area, and did so by first detaining some 5,000 locals at an airstrip, denying them food and water for a week, and then shooting them. The massacre was not investigated by Kenya's government until 2011.

Government of Kenya
The Government of the Republic of Kenya (GoK) is the national government of the Republic of Kenya located in East Africa. It is composed of 47 counties, each county with its own semi-autonomous governments, including the national capital of Nairobi, where the national government is primarily based.

The national government is composed of three distinct branches: The Legislature (Parliament), the Executive and the Judiciary. Each arm is independent of the other and their individual roles are set by the Constitution of Kenya while their powers and duties are further defined by acts of Parliament.
Cosmin Matei
Cosmin Gabriel Matei (Romanian pronunciation: [kosˈmin gabriˈel maˈtej]; born 30 September 1991) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder or a winger for Liga II club Sepsi OSK, which he captains.

Matei started out his senior career at Farul Constanța in 2008, and has since represented Steaua București, Astra Ploiești, Dinamo București, Viitorul Constanța and Sepsi OSK in his country. Abroad, he competed for teams in Greece, Turkey and Croatia, respectively.

Internationally, Matei earned caps for Romania at under-17, under-19 and under-21 levels, before making his full debut in May 2014.

Supercupa României
The Supercupa României (English: Romanian Supercup) is a one-off football match in Romania that features the winners of the Liga I and the Cupa României. It is usually played at the Arena Națională in Bucharest.

The competition started off in 1994, with the first edition being won by Steaua București. In 2010, for the first time in its history, the Supercup was held even though CFR Cluj had been victorious in both the league and the cup in the previous season. At that time, they faced Unirea Urziceni, the Liga I runners-up.

The most successful performer so far is FCSB winning the competition 8 times.
Dornier Aerodyne
The Dornier Aerodyne (also referred to as "Lippisch-Dornier Aerodyne") was a wingless VTOL unmanned aircraft. Conceived by Alexander Lippisch, it was developed and built by Dornier on behalf of the Federal German Ministry of Defence (BMVg). Lippisch was part of the team. The first flight took place on 18 September 1972. The development ended on 30 November 1972 after successful hovering-flight testing with the aircraft. Experimentation did not continue due to lack of interest by the Bundeswehr (German Armed Forces).

Federal Ministry of Defence (Germany)
The Federal Ministry of Defence (German: Bundesministerium der Verteidigung, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsminɪsˌteːʁiʊm deːɐ̯ fɐˈtaɪdɪɡʊŋ] ⓘ; abbreviated BMVg) is a top-level federal agency, headed by the Federal Minister of Defence as a member of the Cabinet of Germany. The ministry is headquartered at the Hardthöhe barracks itself located at the Hardthöhe district in Bonn and has a second office in the Bendlerblock building in Berlin, which is occasionally used as a metonym to denote the entire Ministry.

According to Article 65a of the German Constitution (Grundgesetz), the Federal Minister of Defence is Commander-in-chief of the Bundeswehr, the German armed forces, with around 260,953 active soldiers and civilians. Article 115b decrees that in the state of defence, declared by the Bundestag with consent of the Bundesrat, the command in chief passes to the Chancellor. The ministry currently has approximately 2,000 employees.
National Association for the Self-Employed
The National Association for the Self-Employed, based in Washington, D.C., is a trade association that provides day-to-day support for micro-businesses, including direct access to experts, benefits, and consolidated buying power that is traditionally only available to large corporations. The association is the largest nonprofit, nonpartisan association of its kind in the United States.

Nonpartisanship
Nonpartisanship, also known as nonpartisanism, is a lack of affiliation with a political party and a lack of political bias.

While an Oxford English Dictionary definition of partisan includes adherents of a party, cause, person, etc., in most cases, nonpartisan refers specifically to political party connections rather than being the strict antonym of "partisan".
Sun-hwa (name)
Sun-hwa, Seon-hwa, or Son-hwa is a Korean given name.

People referred to mononymously by this name include:

Princess Seonhwa of Silla (fl. 7th century), Korean princess of the Silla Dynasty

Other people with this name include:

Han Sun-hwa (born 1990), South Korean idol singer, former member of girl group Secret

Kim Seon-hwa (born 1991), South Korean team handball player

Lee Seon-hwa (born 1986), South Korean golfer on the LPGA tour

Oh Seon-hwa (born 1956), South Korean-born Japanese writer and journalist

Seo Sun-hwa (born 1982), South Korean sports shooter

Pong Son-hwa (born 1993), North Korean football defender

Fictional characters with this name include:

Kim Seon-hwa, in 2009 South Korean television series Iris

Sun-Hwa Kwon, in 2004–2010 American television series Lost

Lee Seon-hwa
Lee Seon-hwa (Korean: 이선화; born 10 February 1986) is a South Korean professional golfer now playing on the United States LPGA Tour.

Born in Cheonan, South Korea, Lee began playing golf at age 4 and turned professional at age 14, the youngest female to ever turn professional in Korea. She recorded three wins on the LPGA of Korea Tour between 2001 and 2006. She played on the Futures Tour in 2004 and 2005 before joining the LPGA Tour in 2006. She won her first LPGA tournament in June 2006 at the ShopRite LPGA Classic.

In 2006, Lee won the LPGA Rookie of the Year award. She clinched the award on 25 September 2006 after competing in 24 tournaments and finishing in the top 10 six times, including one win. She was the first rookie to win on Tour in 2006.

In 2007, she notched her second LPGA Tour win at the HSBC Women's World Match Play Championship, defeating Japanese star Ai Miyazato 2&1 in the final match, to take home the $500,000 first place check.
Careca (footballer, born 1983)
Rodrigo Vergilio, better known as Careca or Rodrigo (born 13 April 1983), is a Brazilian former football striker.

Careca previously played for Cerezo Osaka in the J2 League.
Careca signed with Al Qadsia in Kuwaiti Premier League, but the deal fell through soon after. In December 2015 it was announced that Careca would be joining Chonburi for the 2016 season.

Kuwait Premier League
The Kuwaiti Premier League (Arabic: الدوري الكويتي, romanized: Dawriyy al-Kuwaytī), known as Zain Premier League due to sponsorship reasons, is the top division of the Kuwait football pyramid system. Formed in 1961, Kuwait SC holds the best record in the competition, having won 20 times.
Gille Chlerig, Earl of Mar
Gille Chlerig,1 also Gillocheri 2 or Gillocher, Gillocher or Gylocher is a Gaelic name attested only in a Latin source, a 13th-century forgery designed to advance the cause of Scottish independence. The name is highly corrupted, and therefore the name and meaning is unclear. Gille Chlerig is not known in any capacity other than being father of Morggán, but most scholars seem to be comfortable accepting him as the Mormaer or Earl of Mar who preceded his son Morggán.

Mormaer
In early medieval Scotland, a mormaer was the Gaelic name for a regional or provincial ruler, theoretically second only to the King of Scots, and the senior of a Toísech (chieftain). Mormaers were equivalent to English earls or Continental counts, and the term is often translated into English as 'earl'.
Radio Cordac
Radio Cordac (Corporation Radiodiffusion d'Afrique Central) was a well-known Protestant missionary radio service directed to listeners throughout Central Africa. Bob and Esther Kellum, along with Burundian preachers, began communications with the government in February to get a franchise, which was granted in September 1963. Transmissions were based in Bujumbura,  Burundi.  The station ran from around 1963 to 1977.  In 1969, it was one of only two radio stations in the entire country, sending out broadcasts in French, English, Kirundi and Swahili. Radio Cordac went off the air in 1977 when the Burundi government decided to stop private radio stations and only allow government stations.  The president at the time, decided no western missionaries could stay in the country.

Kirundi
Kirundi (/kɪˈrʊndi, -ˈrʌn-/), also known as Rundi, is a Bantu language and the national language of Burundi. It is mutually intelligible with Kinyarwanda, the national language of Rwanda, and the two form parts of the Rwanda-Rundi dialect continuum spoken in Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, and Kenya.

Kirundi is natively spoken by the Hutu (including the Bakiga), Tutsi, Twa, and the Hima people; other related ethnicities have also adopted Kirundi as their mother tongue. Neighbouring dialects of Kirundi are mutually intelligible with Ha, a language spoken in western Tanzania.

Kirundi is one of the languages where Meeussen's rule, a rule describing a certain pattern of tonal change in Bantu languages, is active.

In 2020, the Rundi Academy was established to help standardize and promote Kirundi.
2025 Xbox Bowl
The 2025 Xbox Bowl was a college football bowl game that was played on December 18, 2025, at Ford Center at The Star in Frisco, Texas. The first edition of the Xbox Bowl, it began at approximately 8:00 p.m. CST. The Xbox Bowl was one of the 2025–26 bowl games concluding the 2025 FBS football season, and the only such bowl to air primarily on ESPN2. The game's title sponsor was Microsoft Gaming via their Xbox brand.

In 2025, the Xbox Bowl was created as a new bowl game, replacing the Bahamas Bowl.

The inaugural Xbox Bowl featured the Missouri State Bears (7–5) of Conference USA and the Arkansas State Red Wolves (6–6) of the Sun Belt Conference.  Arkansas State beat Missouri State by a score of 34–28.

Ford Center at The Star
Ford Center at The Star is a 12,000-seat stadium located in Frisco, Texas. It is mainly used as the Dallas Cowboys' practice facility. It is also used for Whataburger's Friday Night Stars, an event every Friday showcasing Frisco Independent School District high school varsity football. The synthetic turf surface is Hellas Matrix Helix Turf. The field's dimensions can also be marked for and accommodate a regulation soccer pitch and lacrosse field.
Sarah Bartlett
Sarah Bartlett is an American journalist and academic. She is dean emerita of The Craig Newmark Graduate School of Journalism at the City University of New York, having retired from the deanship in June 2022. Bartlett is a charter faculty member of the journalism school, which was founded in 2006 as the CUNY Graduate School of Journalism. As dean, Bartlett oversaw the launch of the first bilingual Spanish language graduate journalism program in the US and the school's first social journalism MA program. In 2018, Bartlett and the CUNY Board of Trustees named the school after craigslist founder Craig Newmark, in recognition of his $20 million gift to the endowment.

Charter
A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients.

The word entered the English language from the Old French charte, via Latin charta, and ultimately from Greek χάρτης (khartes, meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges.
Benipur Multilateral High School
Benipur Multilateral High School is a secondary school in Shailkupa Upazila, Jhenaidah District. It was established in 1906.

This school has 2 academic (2 story) buildings, 1 student hostel, 1 mosque, and a library.

Jhenaidah District
Jhenaidah District (Bengali: ঝিনাইদহ জেলা) is a district in southwestern Bangladesh. Part of the Khulna Division, the district has an area of 1,964.77 km2 (758.60 sq mi). It is bordered by Kushtia District to the north, Jessore District and West Bengal to the south, Rajbari District and Magura District to the east, and Chuadanga District and West Bengal to the west. The largest city and headquarters of this district is Jhenaidah. At the beginning of the British rule, Jhenaidah was a police outpost and was turned into a thana in 1793. The Jhenaidah sub-division was established in 1862. It became a district in 1984.
Baytown Township Ground Water Plume
The Baytown Township Groundwater Plume is a Superfund site located east of the village of Lake Elmo, Minnesota, United States. The plume extends into Baytown and West Lakeland Townships and continues eastward approximately four miles to the St. Croix River. Baytown Township is a rapidly developing rural/suburban residential area on the eastern edge of the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area. The contaminated groundwater is primarily in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer, which is the major source of drinking water for many residents in the area through private and residential wells. The Lake Elmo Airport is located near the western end of the plume and is administered by the Metropolitan Airports Commission (MAC). An estimated 8,000 people live in the area; 80 percent of the residents use private wells for their water supply.

Metropolitan Airports Commission
The Minneapolis-Saint Paul Metropolitan Airports Commission (MAC) is a state-level airport authority that operates the Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport and six reliever airports in the Twin Cities region, which primarily provide service to private individuals and businesses, but also have regional transportation service.
Amir Manbachi
Amir Manbachi (Persian: امیر منبع چی) is an Iranian-born, Canadian-American academic and researcher, currently working as an Associate Professor of Neurosurgery and Biomedical Engineering at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, and known for his work in Medical Ultrasound. He is the co-founder and current director of HEPIUS Innovation Lab at Johns Hopkins University.

Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM) is the medical school of Johns Hopkins University, a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. Established in 1893 following the construction of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Hopkins became a model for modern medical education. The school is recognized as a major center of biomedical research and is consistently ranked as one of the top medical schools in the United States.

The School of Medicine is located in Baltimore, where it shares a campus in East Baltimore with the School of Nursing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Johns Hopkins Hospital, the school's primary teaching hospital. As part of the larger Johns Hopkins Medicine health system, the school is also affiliated with numerous regional hospitals and medical centers including the Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins Howard County Medical Center, Suburban Hospital in Montgomery County, Sibley Memorial Hospital in Washington, D.C.
Ngan v R
Kevin Jack Ngan v The Queen is a decision of the Supreme Court of New Zealand, which was handed down on 13 December 2007. The decision held that evidence of a crime discovered incidental to an inventory search of a car involved in an accident was admissible in court. The court considered the scope and application of Section 21 of the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 (BORA), regarding the right to be free of unreasonable search and seizure.

Search and seizure
Search and seizure is a procedure used in many civil law and common law legal systems by which police or other authorities and their agents, who, suspecting that a crime has been committed, commence a search of a person's property and seize or confiscate any relevant evidence found in connection to the crime.

Some countries have certain provisions in their constitutions that provide the public with the right to be free from "unreasonable searches and seizures". This right is generally based on the premise that everyone is entitled to a reasonable right to privacy.

Though specific interpretation may vary, this right can often require law enforcement to obtain a search warrant or consent of the owner before engaging in any form of search and seizure. In cases where evidence is seized in a search, that evidence might be rejected by court procedures, such as with a motion to suppress the evidence under the exclusionary rule.
Methylorhabdus multivorans
Methylorhabdus multivorans is a Gram-negative, aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic nonmotile bacterium from the genus Methylorhabdus. Methylorhabdus multivorans has been isolated from groundwater which was contaminated with dichloromethane in Switzerland.

Methylotroph
Methylotrophs  are a diverse group of microorganisms that can use reduced one-carbon compounds, such as methanol or methane, as the carbon source for their growth; and multi-carbon compounds that contain no carbon-carbon bonds, such as dimethyl ether and dimethylamine. This group of microorganisms also includes those capable of assimilating reduced one-carbon compounds by way of carbon dioxide using the ribulose bisphosphate pathway.  These organisms should not be confused with methanogens which on the contrary produce methane as a by-product from various one-carbon compounds such as carbon dioxide.
Some methylotrophs can degrade the greenhouse gas methane, and in this case they are called methanotrophs. The abundance, purity, and low resource cost of methanol compared to commonly used sugars make methylotrophs competent organisms for production of amino acids, vitamins, recombinant proteins, single-cell proteins, co-enzymes and cytochromes.
Czarni
Czarni, means "The Blacks" in the Polish language, and is a name commonly given to Polish sports teams, including:

Czarni Dęblin, men's association football club

Czarni Jasło, men's association football club

Czarni Lwów, men's association football club

Czarni Olecko, men's association football club

Czarni Pruszcz Gdański, association football and rugby union club

Czarni Radom, men's volleyball club

Czarni Słupsk, men's basketball club

Czarni Sosnowiec, men's association football club

Czarni Wierzchosławice, men's association football club

Czarni Żagań, men's association football club

Czarni Lwów
Czarni Lwów was one of the first Polish professional sports clubs with a well-developed football section as well as ice hockey, among several other sports. The football club was started in the late 19th century in Lwów as a school football section called Sława Lwów. In 1903 the name was changed and the club became professional.