hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kudymkar constituency
The Kudymkar constituency (No.61) is a Russian legislative constituency in Perm Krai. The constituency covers northern Perm Krai, comprising nearly half of the entire region.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by United Russia deputy Irina Ivenskikh, former Deputy Prime Minister of Perm Krai and school principal, who won the open seat, succeeding one-term United Russia incumbent Dmitry Sazonov after the latter unsuccessfully sought re-election only by party-list representation.

Irina Ivenskikh
Irina Valentinovna Ivenskikh (Russian: Ирина Валентиновна Ивенских; born 22 July 1972, Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast) is a Russian political figure and a deputy of the 8th State Duma. In 2019, she was awarded a Doctor of Sciences in Psychology degree.

From 2004 to 2015, she was the director of Lyceum No.10 in Perm. In 2009–2011, she served as Deputy Chairman of the Public Chamber of the Perm Oblast. From 2011 to 2015, she was a co-chairman of the Perm branch of the All-Russia People's Front. On 4 December 2011 she was elected deputy of the Legislative Assembly of Perm Krai. In 2015–2018, she was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Perm Krai. In January 2019, she became a co-chair of the regional branch of the All-Russia People's Front in Perm. She left the post in September 2021 when she was elected deputy of the 8th State Duma. On 13 October 2021 she was elected Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Education.
V. L. Ethiraj
Vellore Lakshmanaswamy Ethiraj (18 July 1890 – 18 August 1960) was an Indian lawyer and philanthropist who founded Ethiraj College for Women, a college in Chennai, India. He was the first Indian to be appointed as a Crown Prosecutor by the British Raj. He also served as the President of the Madras Bar Association.

Ethiraj was born on 18 July 1890 in a Arcot Mudaliar family of Vellore and was born to Lakshmanaswamy and Ammayi Ammal. V. L. Ethiraj received his undergraduate degree from Presidency College, Chennai and received his law degree from Trinity College Dublin.

One of Ethiraj's successes was the Lakshmikanthan murder case, which he successfully fought in defense of Tamil actors M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar and N. S. Krishnan. His advocacy was described by C. P. Ramaswami Iyer as "a marvel of the 20th century". He mentored a number of young lawyers in Madras including his nephew M. Narayan Moorthy, who later became a Justice on Madras High Court.

Crown prosecutor
Crown prosecutor is the title given in a number of jurisdictions to the state prosecutor, the legal party responsible for presenting the case against an individual in a criminal trial. The title is commonly used in Commonwealth realms.
Ch'ŏngsansŏng
Ch'ŏngsansŏng (Korean: 청산성; Hanja: 靑山城; RR: Cheongsanseong) was a Baekje-era Korean fortress in Buyeo County, South Chungcheong Province, South Korea. On January 21, 1963, its former location was declared Historic Site of South Korea No. 59.

It was possibly built around 605 (Korean calendar). It is connected to the Naseong City Wall, and was possibly built around the same time as that wall. The fortress had two sets of walls, an inner wall with circumference 300 m (980 ft) and outer wall with circumference 500 m (1,600 ft). It was on top of a small mountain. It is mentioned in the Samguk sagi. The only significant remains of the fortress that still exist are earthen ramparts.

Samguk sagi
Samguk sagi (Korean: 삼국사기; Hanja: 三國史記; lit. History of the Three Kingdoms) is a historical record of the Three Kingdoms of Korea: Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla. Completed in 1145, it is well-known in Korea as the oldest surviving chronicle of Korean history.

The Samguk sagi is written in Classical Chinese, the written language of the literati of ancient Korea. Its compilation was ordered by King Injong of Goryeo (r. 1122–1146) and undertaken by a government official and historian named Kim Pusik with his team of junior scholars. The document has been digitized by the National Institute of Korean History and is available online with Modern Korean translation in Hangul.
Logistic Battalion "Julia"
The Logistic Battalion "Julia" (Italian: Battaglione Logistico "Julia") is an inactive military logistics battalion of the Italian Army, which was assigned to the Alpine Brigade "Julia". As an alpine unit the battalion is associated with the army's mountain infantry speciality, the Alpini, with whom the battalion shares the distinctive Cappello Alpino. The battalion's anniversary falls, as for all units of the Italian Army's Transport and Materiel Corps, on 22 May, the anniversary of the Royal Italian Army's first major use of automobiles to transport reinforcements to the Asiago plateau to counter the Austro-Hungarian Asiago Offensive in May 1916.

Battle of Asiago
The Battle of Asiago, also known as Südtirol Offensive or Battle of the Plateaux (in Italian: Battaglia degli Altipiani), wrongly nicknamed Strafexpedition " (German for "punitive expedition"; this name has no reference in official Austrian documentation of the time and it is considered to be of popular origin), began with a major offensive launched on 15 May 1916 by the Austro-Hungarians on the territory of Vicentine Alps in the Italian Front of World War I. It was an "unexpected" attack that took place in the Asiago plateau (province of Vicenza, in northeast Italy, then at the border between the Kingdom of Italy and Austria-Hungary) after the Fifth Battle of the Isonzo (March 1916). The Austro-Hungarian offensive, initially successful, was followed by an Italian counter-offensive reconquering much of the lost ground and Asiago.

Commemorating this battle and the soldiers killed in World War I is the Asiago War Memorial (province of Vicenza, Veneto, northeast Italy).
Baeomorpha
Baeomorpha  is an extinct genus of baeomorphid parasitic wasp, known from the Late Cretaceous (~99-72 ma) of Laurasia. The type species, B. dubitata was named by Charles Thomas Brues for a specimen found in 72 million year old Canadian Amber. The vast majority of species are known from the Russian Taimyr amber, of upper Santonian age but two species (including type) are known from the upper Campanian Canadian amber, while one species is known from the lower Cenomanian Burmese amber.

Campanian
The Campanian is the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous epoch on the geologic timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). In chronostratigraphy, it is the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous Series. Campanian spans the time from 83.6 (± 0.2) to 72.2 (± 0.2) million years ago. It is preceded by the Santonian and it is followed by the Maastrichtian.

The Campanian was an age when a worldwide sea level rise covered many coastal areas. The morphology of some of these areas has been preserved: it is an unconformity beneath a cover of marine sedimentary rocks.
Carl Painter
Carl Painter (born May 10, 1964) is an American former professional football player who was a running back for the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL) from 1988 to 1989. He was played college football for the Hampton Pirates and selected by the Lions in the sixth round of the 1988 NFL draft.

1988 NFL draft
The 1988 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held April 24–25, 1988, at the Marriot Marquis in New York City, New York. The league also held a supplemental draft after the regular draft and before the regular season.

With the first overall pick of the draft, the Atlanta Falcons selected linebacker Aundray Bruce. Notably, the first player selected at the quarterback position did not come until the third round (68th overall) with Tom Tupa (by the Phoenix Cardinals), who was also selected because of his ability as a punter. This is the last draft in which the first quarterback was selected this late.  In fact, only one draft since – 1996 – has gone without a quarterback being drafted in the first round!
Finite element limit analysis
A finite element limit analysis (FELA) uses optimisation techniques to directly compute the upper or lower bound plastic collapse load (or limit load) for a mechanical system rather than time stepping to a collapse load, as might be undertaken with conventional non-linear finite element techniques. The problem may be formulated in either a kinematic or equilibrium form.

The technique has been used most significantly in the field of soil mechanics for the determination of collapse loads for geotechnical problems (e.g. slope stability analysis). An alternative technique which may be used to undertake similar direct plastic collapse computations using optimization is Discontinuity layout optimization.

Limit load (physics)
Limit load is the maximum load that a structure can safely carry. It's the load at which the structure is in a state of incipient plastic collapse. As the load on the structure increases, the displacements increases linearly in the elastic range until the load attains the yield value. Beyond this, the load-displacement response becomes non-linear and the plastic or irreversible part of the displacement increases steadily with the applied load. Plasticity spreads throughout the solid and at the limit load, the plastic zone becomes very large and the displacements become unbounded and the component is said to have collapsed.

Any load above the limit load will lead to the formation of plastic hinge in the structure. Engineers use limit states to define and check a structure's performance.
Djamaa el Kebir
The Djamaa el Kebir or Great Mosque of Algiers (Arabic: الجامع الكبير, romanized: djama' el-kebir), is a mosque located in the city of Algiers, Algeria. Built in 1097, it is one of the few remaining examples of Almoravid architecture. Although it has undergone other additions and reconstructions since its foundation, it is the oldest mosque in Algiers and is said to be one of the oldest mosques in Algeria after Sidi Okba Mosque and Sidi Ghanem Mosque. The mosque is located in the Casbah of Algiers, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Mihrab
Mihrab (Arabic: محراب, miḥrāb, pl. محاريب maḥārīb) is a niche in the wall of a mosque that indicates the qibla, the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca towards which Muslims should face when praying. The wall in which a mihrab appears is thus the "qibla wall".

The minbar, which is the raised platform from which an imam (leader of prayer) addresses the congregation, is located to the right of the mihrab.
Marcotte
Marcotte is a surname of French origin originally relating to viticulture.

Amanda Marcotte (born 1977), American blogger

Arthur Marcotte (1873–1958), Canadian lawyer and political figure

Bruno Marcotte (born 1974), Canadian figure skater and coach

Charles Marcotte (1844–1901), Canadian notary and political figure

Don Marcotte (born 1947), Canadian ice hockey player

Edward Marcotte, American professor of biochemistry

François Arthur Marcotte (1866–1931), Canadian physician and political figure

Michael Marcotte (born 1958), American politician

Pierre-Léandre Marcotte (1837–1899), Canadian farmer and political figure

Vanessa Marcotte (1989–2016), American murder victim

Amanda Marcotte
Amanda Marie Marcotte (born September 2, 1977) is an American blogger and journalist who writes on feminism and politics from a liberal perspective. She has written for several online publications, including Slate, The Guardian, and Salon, where she is currently senior politics writer.
Grouser
Grousers are devices intended to increase the traction of continuous tracks, especially in loose material such as soil or snow. This is done by increasing contact with the ground with protrusions, similar to conventional tire treads, and analogous to athletes' cleated shoes. On tanks and armoured vehicles, grousers are usually pads attached to the tracks; but on construction vehicles they may take the form of flat plates or bars.

Similar traction-improving patterns have been implemented on the surface of the wheels on tractors. These include strakes, where material is removed from the surface of the wheel to achieve protrusion; cleats, with spikes instead of straight bars; and lugs with raised rubber on a tire tread.

Cleat (shoe)
Cleats or studs are protrusions on the sole of a shoe or on an external attachment to a shoe that provide additional traction on a soft or slippery surface. They can be conical or blade-like in shape and can be made of plastic, rubber or metal. The type worn depends on the environment of play: grass, ice, artificial turf, or other grounds.

In American English, the term "cleats" is used synecdochically to refer to shoes featuring such protrusions.

In Commonwealth English the correct term for shoes with studs is usually boots, especially when referring to football sports (e.g Football boots).
Borg (microbiology)
Borgs are large (up to ~1 Mbp) extrachromosomal linear DNA elements found in methanotrophic archaea (specifically Methanoperedens spp.) that live in oxygen-starved environments such as deep mud. They have been found in organisms isolated from wetland, aquifer, and riverbed environments, as well as a deserted mercury mine, in California and Colorado. They were first described by Basem Al-Shayeb and Jill Banfield in 2022.

The nature of Borgs remains unclear; they are thought to be "giant linear plasmids" or giant viruses. At least 19 different types have been identified, all of which co-occur within Methanoperedens, which shares many of their genes. Methanoperedens' main chromosome is only about three times larger than the Borgs it hosts. It is speculated that Borgs may augment Methanoperedens' capacity for anaerobic oxidation of methane and protein production.

Jillian Banfield
Jillian Fiona Banfield FRS FAA (born 18 August 1959) is professor at the University of California, Berkeley with appointments in the Earth Science, Ecosystem Science and Materials Science and Engineering departments. She is the director of microbiology at the Innovative Genomics Institute, is affiliated with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and has a position at the University of Melbourne, Australia. Some of her most noted work includes publications on the structure and functioning of microbial communities and the nature, properties and reactivity (especially crystal growth) of nanomaterials.
The Bachelor Winter Games
The Bachelor Winter Games is a winter sports-themed reality competition television series that premiered on February 13, 2018, on ABC. It is a spin-off of the reality television game shows The Bachelor and The Bachelorette, and is a winter counterpart to the summer series Bachelor in Paradise. The show is hosted by Chris Harrison and Hannah Storm of ABC’s sister station ESPN. It has been described by ABC as "an ode to the Winter Olympic Games", and aired as counterprogramming against NBC's coverage of the 2018 Winter Olympics. Ashley Brewer presents the play-by-play and live interviews during the games.

The series reunite previous contestants from The Bachelor and The Bachelorette at a winter resort in Manchester, Vermont, where they are competing with contestants from the various international adaptations of the franchise in various winter sports challenges.

Chris Harrison
Christopher Bryan Harrison (born July 26, 1971) is an American television and game show host, best known for his role as the host of the ABC reality television dating show The Bachelor from 2002–2021. He also hosted its spin-offs The Bachelorette from 2003–2021, Bachelor Pad from 2010–2012, Bachelor in Paradise from 2014-21, the first season of Bachelor in Paradise: After Paradise in 2015, Bachelor Live in 2016, and The Bachelor Winter Games in 2018.  He also served as the host of the syndicated version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire from 2015–2019.
Harbinger, North Carolina
Harbinger is an unincorporated community in Currituck County, North Carolina, United States. The community is located along U.S. Highway 158 near the southern tip of the peninsula which forms mainland Currituck County. Harbinger has a post office with ZIP code 27941.

U.S. Route 158
U.S. Route 158 (US 158) is an east–west United States highway that runs for 350 miles (560 km) from Mocksville to Whalebone Junction in Nags Head, and is located entirely in the state of North Carolina. The longest intrastate U.S. Route in the system, it is also a critical route that connects the cities of Winston-Salem, Summerfield, and Reidsville with one another.
Velibor
Velibor (Serbian: Велибор) is a masculine given name of Slavic origin. It means "a tall pine tree". Notable people  named Velibor include:

Velibor Đurić (born 1982), Bosnian football player

Velibor Jonić (died 1946), Serbian politician, government minister and fascist sympathiser in World War II

Velibor Kopunović (born 1975), football player

Velibor Milutinović (born 1944), Serbian-Mexican football coach and former player

Velibor Pudar (born 1964), football manager and former goalkeeper

Velibor Radović (born 1972), Montenegrin-Israeli professional basketball player

Velibor Topić (born 1970), actor

Velibor Vasilić (born 1980), Bosnian football player

Velibor Vasović (1939–2002), Serbian football player

Velibor Jonić
Velibor Jonić (Serbian Cyrillic: Велибор Јонић; 12 February 1892 – 17 July 1946) was a Serbian fascist politician and government minister in the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia during World War II. He taught at the Military Academy in Belgrade and at the Yugoslav royal court before the war. He was also the secretary-general of Zbor, a Yugoslav fascist movement. He became the Serbian Commissioner of Education on 10 July 1941. He was tried for collaboration by the communists following the war, was sentenced to death and executed in July 1946.
2017–18 Coppa Italia
The 2017–18 Coppa Italia, also known as TIM Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the 71st edition of the national domestic tournament.
As a minimum, the winners of the Coppa Italia earn a place in the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League group stage unless they qualify for a more favourable UEFA placing based on league play. Seventy-eight clubs participated in this season's cup competition.

Juventus won the title for a record-extending 13th time by defeating Milan 4–0, and extended their record consecutive win streak to four. They had defeated Lazio (in 2014–15 and 2016–17) and Milan (in 2015–16). They did not concede a goal in any of the five games played in this year's competition, outscoring their opponents 10–0 on aggregate.

Serie D
The Serie D (Italian pronunciation: [ˈseːrje ˈdi]) is the highest level of semi-professional football in Italy, and the fourth tier of the Italian national league system, the lowest one with a national organization. It sits beneath the third and lowest fully professional league, Serie C, and feeds in to it through promotion and relegation. Serie D is administered by the Lega Nazionale Dilettanti and is organized by the Roman Comitato Interregionale (Interregional Committee), a "league in the league" inside the LND.
Rural Municipality of Wallace
The Rural Municipality of Wallace is a former rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It was originally incorporated as a rural municipality on December 22, 1883. It ceased on January 1, 2015 as a result of its provincially mandated amalgamation with the RM of Woodworth and the Village of Elkhorn to form the Rural Municipality of Wallace – Woodworth.

The former RM surrounds the Town of Virden.

2015 Manitoba municipal amalgamations
The 2015 municipal amalgamations in Manitoba was the result of new legislation (Municipal Amalgamations Act) in the province that required a minimum population threshold of 1,000 people in order to incorporate a municipality.

To meet this new threshold, Manitoba's smaller municipalities—those with a population of less than 1,000—merged with one or more neighbouring municipalities by 2015.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Bee County, Texas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Bee County, Texas.

This is intended to be a complete list of properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Bee County, Texas. There are 13 properties listed on the National Register in the county. Five properties are designated as Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks including one that is also a State Antiquities Landmark.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted August 1, 2025.

Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
Recorded Texas Historic Landmark (RTHL) is a designation awarded by the Texas Historical Commission for historically and architecturally significant properties in the U.S. state of Texas. RTHL is a legal designation and the highest honor the state can bestow on a historic structure. Purchase and display of a historical marker is a required component of the RTHL designation process. Because it is a legal designation, owners of RTHL-designated structures must give 60 days' notice before any alterations are made to the exterior of the structure. Changes that are unsympathetic may result in removal of the designation and historical marker. More than 3,600 RTHL structures are spread throughout the state.
Etelhem
Etelhem is a populated area, a socken (not to be confused with parish), on the Swedish island of Gotland. It comprises the same area as the administrative Etelhem District, established on 1 January 2016.

Socken
Socken (Swedish: [ˈsʊ̌kːɛn] or [ˈsɔ̌kːɛn]) is the name used for a part of a county in Sweden. In Denmark, similar areas are known as sogn, in Norway sokn or sogn and in Finland pitäjä or socken. A socken is a rural area formed around a church, typically in the Middle Ages. A socken originally served as a parish. Later, until the Swedish municipal reforms of 1862, it also served as a civil parish or an administrative parish, and became a predecessor to today's municipalities of Sweden, Finland, Norway and Denmark. Today it is a traditional area with frozen borders, in Sweden typically identical to those of the early 20th century rural parishes. The socken also served as a registration unit for buildings, in Sweden recently replaced by identical registration districts as registration unit. A socken consists of several villages and industry localities (company towns), and is typically named after the main village and the original church.
Iresine heterophylla
Iresine heterophylla, or Standley's bloodleaf, is a plant species native to the southwestern United States and also to Mexico. It has been collected from Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Chihuahua, Sonora, Durango, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Campeche and Tabasco.

Iresine heterophylla is a perennial herb up to 100 cm tall. Leaves are opposite, ovate, up to 6 cm long. Flowers are arranged in a rather large, branching panicle up to 40 cm long. Flowers are small, white to straw-colored, up to 4 cm across, covered in dense woolly hairs. Fruits are green, egg-shaped, usually less than 1 mm across, enclosed inside the persistent flower parts which are in turn enclosed in woolly hairs, so that the infructescence as a whole appears white and woolly.

Tabasco
Tabasco, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Tabasco, is one of the 32 federal entities of Mexico. It is divided into 17 municipalities and its capital city is Villahermosa.

It is located in southeast Mexico and is bordered by the states of Campeche to the northeast, Veracruz to the west, and Chiapas to the south and the Petén department of Guatemala to the southeast. It has a coastline to the north with the Gulf of Mexico. Most of the state is covered in rainforest as, unlike most other areas of Mexico, it has plentiful rainfall year-round. The state is also home to La Venta, the major site of the Olmec civilization, considered to be the origin of later Mesoamerican cultures. It produces significant quantities of petroleum and natural gas.