hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cardiff town walls
Cardiff's town walls were a medieval defensive wall that enclosed Cardiff. The stone fortifications, which measured 1.280 miles (2.060 kilometres) in circumference, enclosed the area of present-day Cardiff city centre and Cardiff Castle. They were begun by the Norman feudal baron, Robert Fitzhamon, after his invasion of Wales in the late 12th century and were first mentioned in the year 1111. The walls, which had at least five gateways and watch towers, had an average thickness of between 6 feet (1.8 metres) and 8 ft (2.4 m) and a height of 10 ft (3.0 m).

No significant sections of Cardiff's medieval wall survive. By the 18th century large sections had collapsed due to neglect. Other parts were demolished for building material. The last major section was removed in 1901.

St David's, Cardiff
St David's (Welsh: Dewi Sant), previously known as St David's Shopping Centre, is one of the principal shopping centres in the city centre of Cardiff, Wales. It is in The Hayes area of the southern city centre. Following the extension of St David's 2 in 2009, St David's is the third busiest shopping centre in the United Kingdom.

The construction of the extension cost a total of £675m and brought Cardiff within the top five shopping destinations in the United Kingdom. The centre consists of the original first phase - St David's Centre - adjoining St David's Hall and the second phase, given the development name of St David's 2. The second phase of the shopping centre opened on 22 October 2009, when the first 58 of its 88 stores opened for business.
Bertie Correctional Institution
Bertie Correctional Institution is a state men's prison in Windsor, North Carolina, first opened in August 2006, and operated by the North Carolina Department of Public Safety.  As one of the state's four largest prisons, the official capacity is 1,400 prisoners, all held in Close Custody.  The site is near the Cashie River.

As of March 2012 Bertie was one of six state prisons put on lockdown to squelch gang fights and coordinated gang activity.

In May 2015 an excessive-force lawsuit brought by a Bertie inmate, Sammy Ussery, reached the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.  The court held that the officers' claim of qualified immunity did not entitle them to a summary judgment.

United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
The United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (in case citations, 4th Cir.) is a federal court located in Richmond, Virginia, with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following districts:

District of Maryland

Eastern District of North Carolina

Middle District of North Carolina

Western District of North Carolina

District of South Carolina

Eastern District of Virginia

Western District of Virginia

Northern District of West Virginia

Southern District of West Virginia

The court is based at the Lewis F. Powell Jr. United States Courthouse in Richmond, Virginia. With 15 authorized judgeships, it is the 4th largest circuit among the 13 United States Courts of Appeals.
Athenodoros of Teos
Athenodoros (Ancient Greek: Ἀθηνόδωρος) of Teos was a musician of ancient Greece who lived in the 4th century BCE.

He was known as a player on the kithara, and was one of the performers who assisted at the festivities celebrated at the Susa weddings in 324 BCE, on the occasion of the marriage of Alexander the Great with his second wife, Stateira. Everything we know about him comes from the History of Alexander by Alexander's court historian Chares of Mytilene, and nothing further is known about his life.

There was also a tragedian of the same name, whose services were called into requisition on the same occasion.

Teos
Teos (Ancient Greek: Τέως) or Teo was an ancient Greek city on the coast of Ionia, on a peninsula between Chytrium and Myonnesus. It was founded by Minyans from Orchomenus, Ionians and Boeotians, but the date of its foundation is unknown. Teos was one of the twelve cities which formed the Ionian League. The city was situated on a low hilly isthmus. Its ruins are located to the south of the modern town of Sığacık in the Seferihisar district of İzmir Province, Turkey.
17th Game Developers Choice Awards
The 17th Game Developers Choice Awards was an award ceremony honoring outstanding achievements by game developers and video games released in 2016. The event took place on March 1, 2017, at the Moscone Center in San Francisco, California during the 2017 Game Developers Conference and was hosted by Tim Schafer. It was held alongside the Independent Games Festival awards.

Tim Schafer
Timothy John Schafer (born July 26, 1967) is an American video game designer. He founded Double Fine Productions in July 2000, after having spent over a decade at LucasArts. Schafer is best known as the designer of critically acclaimed games Full Throttle, Grim Fandango, Psychonauts, Brütal Legend and Broken Age, co-designer of Day of the Tentacle, and assistant designer on The Secret of Monkey Island and Monkey Island 2: LeChuck's Revenge. He is well known in the video game industry for his storytelling and comedic writing style, and has been given both a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Game Developers Choice Awards, and a BAFTA Fellowship for his contributions to the industry.
State Museum for Art and Cultural History
The State Museum for Art and Cultural History (in German: Landesmuseum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte) is an art museum consisting of three separate buildings located close to each other in the city of Oldenburg, Lower Saxony, Germany.

The three museum locations are:

Schloss Oldenburg (decorative arts, regional history, some old master paintings)

Augusteum (old master painting collection)

Prinzenpalais (modern art collection)

The museum was established in 1919 after the abdication the previous year of Frederick Augustus II, the last Grand Duke of Oldenburg. The initial collection consisted of the former Grand Duke's picture gallery, a collection of antiquities, and the collections of the Museum of Decorative Arts and the former National Picture Gallery.

The three buildings are all located close to the northeast corner of the Schlossgarten Oldenburg, now Oldenburg's main public park.

Oldenburg (city)
Oldenburg (German pronunciation: [ˈɔldn̩bʊʁk] ⓘ; Northern Low Saxon: Ollnborg) is an independent city in the state of Lower Saxony, Germany.  The city is officially named Oldenburg (Oldb) (Oldenburg in Oldenburg) to distinguish from Oldenburg in Holstein.

During the French annexation (1811–1813) in the wake of the Napoleonic war against Britain, it was also known as Le Vieux-Bourg in French. The city is at the rivers Hunte and Haaren, in the northwestern region between the cities of Bremen in the east and Groningen (Netherlands) in the west. According to Germany's 2022 census, the city's population is 176.068 in 2024. Oldenburg is part of the Northwest Metropolitan Region, which is home to approximately 2.8 million people.

The city is the place of origin of the House of Oldenburg. Before the end of the German Empire (1918), it was the administrative centre and residence of the monarchs of Oldenburg.
Carlos Manuel de Villegas
Carlos Manuel de Villegas (25 December 1862 – 30 July 1944) was a Bolivian military officer and veteran of the War of the Pacific. He was influential during the Bolivian Civil War of 1898–1899, siding with the Liberals and serving under José Manuel Pando. He held various positions in the Bolivian Army and had an unceremonious end to his career after accusations of treason were spread by his detractors. He was the son of General Carlos de Villegas, a Bolivian Minister of War.

Liberal Party (Bolivia)
The Liberal Party (Spanish: Partido Liberal; PL) was a liberal political party in Bolivia active between 1883 and 1979. It was one of two major parties, alongside the Conservative Party, that dominated the politics of Bolivia from 1884 to 1920. The Liberals constituted the primary opposition to the Conservatives from 1884 to 1899 and ruled continuously from 1899 to 1920 after taking power in the Federal War. Liberal rule ended in 1920 when the party was ousted in a coup d'état. The Liberals remained intermittently influential and electorally competitive until the Bolivian National Revolution of 1952, and it finally lost its legal party status in 1979, during the democratic transition.
Olav Olavsen
Olav Olavsen (née Ólafur Ólafsson; 25 December 1753 – 20 January 1832) was a naturalized Norwegian jurist and architect.

He was born in Tverá, Skagafjörður, Iceland to farmers Ólafur Jónsson and Kristín Björnsdóttir, and was educated at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen. From 1784 he lectured at the Kongsberg School of Mines, in mathematics and drawing, later also in jurisprudence, and was appointed professor from 1794.  As architect, it is regarded that he had significant influence on the development of the mining city of Kongsberg. He was elected to the Storting in 1814, 1815 and 1818. He was decorated Knight of the Swedish Order of Vasa in 1822.

Order of Vasa
The Royal Order of Vasa (Swedish: Kungliga Vasaorden) is a Swedish order of chivalry founded on 29 May 1772 by King Gustav III. It is awarded to Swedish citizens for service to state and society especially in the fields of agriculture, mining and commerce.
The Great British Sewing Bee series 5
The fifth series of The Great British Sewing Bee began on 12 February 2019 following a three-year hiatus. Joe Lycett replaced Claudia Winkleman as the presenter of the show, with both Esme Young and Patrick Grant returning as judges. The series was shot at 47-49 Tanner Street, Bermondsey, though the exterior shots are of 1 Tanner Street.

Claudia Winkleman
Claudia Anne Irena Winkleman MBE (born 15 January 1972) is an English broadcaster and writer. She co-presented the BBC One dance competition Strictly Come Dancing (2010–2025) and hosts the BBC One reality series The Traitors (2022–present), the latter of which won her a BAFTA award in 2023. She hosted the Saturday mid-morning show on BBC Radio 2 from 2020 to 2024.  Winkleman was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2025 Birthday Honours for services to broadcasting.
Pyridinium perbromide
Pyridinium perbromide (also called pyridinium bromide perbromide, pyridine hydrobromide perbromide, or pyridinium tribromide) is an organic chemical composed of a pyridinium cation and a tribromide anion. It can also be considered as a complex containing pyridinium bromide—the salt of pyridine and hydrogen bromide—with an added bromine (Br2). The chemical is a solid whose reactivity is similar to that of bromine. It is thus a strong oxidizing agent used as a source of electrophilic bromine in halogenation reactions. The analogous quinoline compound behaves similarly.

Quinoline
Quinoline is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C9H7N.  It is a colorless hygroscopic liquid with a strong odor. Aged samples, especially if exposed to light, become yellow and later brown.  Quinoline is only slightly soluble in cold water but dissolves readily in hot water and most organic solvents. Quinoline itself has few applications, but many of its  derivatives are useful in diverse applications. A prominent example is quinine, an alkaloid found in plants. Over 200 biologically active quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids are identified. 4-Hydroxy-2-alkylquinolines (HAQs) are involved in antibiotic resistance.
Fire Sea
Fire Sea is a fantasy novel by American writers Margaret Weis and Tracy Hickman. It is the third book in The Death Gate Cycle series and was released in 1991. The novel explores the realm of Abarrach and the history of the Sartan through the unlikely partnership of Haplo, a Patryn agent sent by Lord Xar to evaluate Abarrach, and Alfred, a Sartan who lost all the others of his race with whom he once lived.

Fantasy literature
Fantasy literature is literature set in an imaginary universe, often but not always without any locations, events, or people from the real world. Magic, the supernatural and magical creatures are common in many of these imaginary worlds. Fantasy literature may be directed at both children and adults.

Fantasy is considered a genre of speculative fiction and is distinguished from the genres of science fiction and horror by the absence of scientific or macabre themes, respectively, though these may overlap. Historically, most works of fantasy were in written form, but since the 1960s, a growing segment of the genre has taken the form of fantasy films, fantasy television programs, graphic novels, video games, music and art.

Many fantasy novels originally written for children and adolescents also attract an adult audience. Examples include Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, the Harry Potter series, The Chronicles of Narnia, and The Hobbit.
Karl Rudolf Graf von Buol-Schauenstein
Karl Rudolf Graf von Buol-Schauenstein (30 June 1760 – 23 October 1833) was Bishop of Chur (1794–1824), then of Chur-St. Gallen (1824-1833). He had also been the last prince-bishop of the Prince-Bishopric of Chur until the ecclesiastical principality was secularized in 1803 in the course of the German mediatization.

An uncle of the Austrian diplomat Karl Ferdinand Graf von Buol-Schauenstein, Buol-Schauenstein was first ordained as a priest at Chur on 14 June 1783. He was elected prince-bishop on 22 January 1794; his confirmation followed on 12 September 1794, and he was consecrated as such on 5 October 1794. In 1810, Buol joined the Order of Knights of Malta. Buol was appointed bishop of the combined diocese of Chur-St. Gallen on 27 September 1824 and served in this capacity until his death.

St. Gallen
St. Gallen is a Swiss city and the capital of the canton of St. Gallen. It evolved from the hermitage of Saint Gall, founded in the 7th century. Today, it is a large urban agglomeration (with around 167,000 inhabitants in 2019) and represents the center of eastern Switzerland. Its economy consists mainly of the service sector. The city is home to the University of St. Gallen, one of the best business schools in Europe.

The main tourist attraction is the Abbey of Saint Gall, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Abbey's renowned library contains books from the 9th century. The official language of St. Gallen is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of Alemannic Swiss German. The city has good transport links to the rest of the country and to neighbouring Germany and Austria. It also functions as the gate to the Appenzellerland.
2 Low Life Muthas
2 Low Life Muthas is the debut album by the American rap group Poison Clan. It was released in 1990 by Effect Records, a division of Luke Records, and was produced by 2 Live Crew member Mr. Mixx. The album sold well in the South, and reached No. 42 on the Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. The singles, "The Bitch That I Hate" and "Dance All Night" peaked at peaked at Nos. 18 and 14 on the Hot Rap Singles chart, respectively.

Poison Clan
Poison Clan was a hip-hop group signed to Effect Records from 1990 to 1992, then later signed to Luke Records from 1993 to 1995. The group had various lineups and members were JT Money, Debonaire, Drugz, Uzi, Madball and Big Ram.

AllMusic noted about the group's 1999 compilation album, "The best tracks from Poison Clan as well as former frontman J.T. Money, this collection includes 'Fakin' Like Gangsta's,' 'Shake Whatcha Mama Gave Ya,' 'Dance All Night,' 'Check Out the Ave. Pt. 1 & 2' and 'Action' (featuring Likkle Wicked)."
2002 Arizona Senate election
The 2002 Arizona Senate election was held on November 5, 2002. Voters elected members of the Arizona Senate in all 30 of the state's legislative districts to serve a two-year term. These were the first elections following the 2000 redistricting cycle, which moved many incumbents into new districts. Primary elections were held on September 10, 2002.

Prior to the elections, the Senate was evenly divided between the Republicans and Democrats in a 15-to-15 tie.

Following the election, Republicans took unitary control of the chamber with 17 Republicans to 13 Democrats, a net gain of two seats for Republicans.

The newly elected senators served in the 46th Arizona State Legislature.

46th Arizona State Legislature
The 46th Arizona State Legislature, consisting of the Arizona State Senate and the Arizona House of Representatives, was constituted in Phoenix from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2004, during the first two years of Janet Napolitano's first term in office. Both the Senate and the House membership remained constant at 30 and 60, respectively. The Republicans gained two seats in the Senate, giving them a 17–13 majority. The Republicans gained four seats in the House, maintaining their majority in the lower chamber, 39–20-1, with a single representative switching their party affiliation from Democrat to Independent after the election.
Vepřo knedlo zelo
Vepřo knedlo zelo (Czech: [vɛpr̝̊o knɛdlo zɛlo]; lit.Tooltip literal translation "pork, dumpling, sauerkraut") is the name of one of the national dishes of the Czech Republic. It consists of three primary ingredients:

roast pork, usually lean, sliced

dumpling, either potato or bread, also sliced

steamed white (or less often red) sauerkraut

The three items are placed separately on a plate, and the pork is covered with its own juice. The dish is believed to have German origins and is also commonly eaten in Slovakia and Austria.

Kartoffelklösse
Kartoffelklöße (German: [kaʁˈtɔfəlˌkløːsə] ⓘ) or Erdäpfelknödel are a type of potato-dumpling. They often contain a crouton-, ham-, or sauerkraut-filling.

The dumplings are known throughout Germany, Switzerland, and Austria, but are most-common in Bavaria, Thuringia, and the Rhineland. In Bavaria similar dumplings are called Reibeknödel (from "to grate"), in Swabia Gleeß and Gneedl, in Franconia Gniedla or Klueß, and in Austria Erdäpfelknödel. The dish is also known in other Northern- and Eastern-European countries by various names.
Wadi-us-Salaam
Wadi-us-Salaam is an Islamic cemetery, located in the holy city of Najaf, Iraq. It is the largest cemetery in the world. The cemetery covers 1,485.5 acres (601.16 ha; 6.01 km2; 2.32 sq mi) and contains more than 6 million bodies. It also attracts millions of pilgrims annually.

The cemetery is located near the shrine of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth Sunni Caliph, as well as the first Shia Imam. Thus, many Shi'ites in Iraq request that they be buried in this cemetery. As a result of improved transportation methods, Shi'ites from across the globe are (or seek to be) buried in the cemetery. Modern burials are interred inside shared crypts.

Square mile
The square mile (abbreviated as sq mi and sometimes as mi2) is an imperial and US unit of measure for area. One square mile is equal to the area of a square with each side measuring a length of one mile.
Heelys
Heelys (formerly known as Heeling Sports Limited) is an American brand of roller shoe (marketed by Heelys, Inc.) that have one or more removable wheels embedded in each sole, similar to inline skates, allowing the wearer to walk, run, or, by shifting their weight to their heels, roll. Braking can be achieved by lowering the back of the foot so that the sole contacts the ground. Roger Adams patented Heelys in 1999. The headquarters are located in Carrollton, Texas.

Wheel
A wheel is a rotating component (typically circular in shape) intended to turn on an axle bearing. The wheel is one of the key components of the wheel and axle which is one of the six simple machines. Wheels, in conjunction with axles, allow heavy objects to be moved easily facilitating movement or transportation while supporting a load, or performing labor in machines. Wheels are also used for other purposes, such as a ship's wheel, steering wheel, potter's wheel, and flywheel.

Common examples can be found in transport applications. A wheel reduces friction by facilitating motion by rolling together with the use of axles. In order for a wheel to rotate, a moment must be applied to the wheel about its axis, either by gravity or by the application of another external force or torque.
1981 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1981 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 93rd staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The championship began on 26 April 1981 and ended on 4 October 1981.

St. Finbarr's entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Nemo Rangers at the semi-final stage.

On 4 October 1981, Nemo Rangers won the championship following a 3-11 to 0-06 defeat of Bantry Blues in the final. This was their sixth championship title overall and their first title since 1978.

Pat O'Driscoll was the championship's top scorer with 2-31.

Nemo Rangers GAA
Nemo Rangers Hurling and Football Club is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in Ballinlough, Cork, Ireland. The club is affiliated to the Seandún Board and fields teams in Gaelic football, hurling and camogie.
David Hearn (canoeist)
David Carter "Davey" Hearn (born April 17, 1959 in Bethesda, Maryland) is a former slalom canoeist who competed from the late 1970s to the early 2000s (decade). He won seven medals in the C1 event at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with two golds (1985, 1995) and five silvers (1979, 1981, 1983, 1987, 1989). He also won six consecutive world championship gold medals in the C1 team event (1979-1989).

Hearn competed in three Summer Olympics, earning his best finish of ninth in the C1 event in Atlanta in 1996.

Hearn's sister, Cathy, and his ex-brother-in-law, Lecky Haller, also competed in canoe slalom for the United States.

Canoeing at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's slalom C-1
These are the results of the men's C-1 slalom competition in canoeing at the 1996 Summer Olympics. The C-1 (canoe single) event is raced by one-man canoes through a whitewater course. The venue for the 1996 Olympic competition was on the Toccoa/Ocoee River near the Georgia-Tennessee state line.
Hashitoxicosis
Hashitoxicosis, which can be abbreviated "Htx", is a transient hyperthyroidism caused by inflammation associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis disturbing the thyroid follicles, resulting in excess release of thyroid hormone.

Major clinical signs include weight loss (often accompanied by an increased appetite), anxiety, intolerance to heat, fatigue, hair loss, weakness, hyperactivity, irritability, apathy, depression, polyuria, polydipsia, delirium, and sweating. Additionally, patients may present with a variety of symptoms such as palpitations and
arrhythmias (notably atrial fibrillation), shortness of breath (dyspnea), loss of libido, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Long term untreated hyperthyroidism can lead to osteoporosis.  In the elderly, these classical symptoms may not be present.

Polydipsia
Polydipsia is excessive thirst or excess drinking. The word derives from Greek  πολυδίψιος (poludípsios) 'very thirsty', which is derived from Ancient Greek  πολύς (polús) 'much, many' and  δίψα (dípsa) 'thirst'.  Polydipsia is a nonspecific symptom in various medical disorders. It also occurs as an abnormal behaviour in some non-human animals, such as in birds.