hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Austrorossia mastigophora
Austrorossia mastigophora is a species of bobtail squid native to western, southern and eastern Africa, from Guinea and Somalia to the Cape of Good Hope. A doubtful record of this species exists from Chile. It lives at depths to approximately 640 m.

On average, females are larger than males; they grow to 46 mm and 31 mm in mantle length, respectively.

The type specimen was collected in the Indian Ocean near the east African coast (0°27′S 42°47′E﻿ / ﻿0.450°S 42.783°E﻿ / -0.450; 42.783) by the Valdivia Expedition and the species was described by the leader of that expedition, Carl Chun, the description being published in 1915. It is deposited in the Zoological Collection of the Natural History Museum, Berlin.

Mantle cavity of a mature female. Arrow points to the epirenal body, the function of which is unknown.

Twisted tentacular club of the same specimen.

Carl Chun
Carl Chun or Karl Friedrich Gustav Chun (German pronunciation: [ˈkuːn]; 1 October 1852 – 11 April 1914) was a German marine biologist who worked as a professor at the Universities of Königsberg (1883), Breslau (1891) and Leipzig (1898). He was a pioneer of German oceanographic research, organizing the first deep-sea expedition aboard the SS Valdivia in 1898-99. He spent much of his life studying the collections made during the expedition, and was responsible for discovering many marine organisms, including the vampire squid.
Novocherkassk Boys' Gymnasium
Boys' gymnasium is a former school in the city of Novocherkassk, Rostov Oblast, Russia. Today Matvei Platov School is functioning in its building. Gymnasium building is considered to be an object of cultural heritage of federal importance.

Novocherkassk
Novocherkassk (Russian: Новочерка́сск, lit. 'New Cherkassk') is a city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located near the confluence of the Tuzlov and Aksay Rivers, the latter a distributary of the Don River. Novocherkassk is best known as the cultural capital of the Cossacks, and as the official capital of the Don Cossacks. Population:  168,746 (2010 census); 170,822 (2002 census); 187,973 (1989 Soviet census).
Taunton Daily Gazette
The Taunton Daily Gazette (and Taunton Sunday Gazette) is a daily newspaper founded in 1848.  Based in Taunton, Massachusetts, its coverage area also includes Berkley, Rehoboth, Dighton, Lakeville, Norton, and Raynham.

On December 1, 2006, Journal Register Company announced it would sell the Gazette, along with the Fall River Herald News, to GateHouse Media. Since early 2007, the Gazette has been published as part of GateHouse Media New England.

Berkley, Massachusetts
Berkley is a town in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States, located south of Boston and east of Providence, Rhode Island. The population was 6,764 according to the 2020 census, making it the least populated town in the county.

Berkley is a part of the South Coast region of Massachusetts which encompasses the cities and towns that surround Buzzards Bay (excluding the Elizabeth Islands, Bourne and Falmouth), Mount Hope Bay and the Sakonnet River.
M. Gessen
M. Gessen (formerly known as Masha Gessen; Russian: Маша Гессен) is a Russian American journalist, author, and translator who has written extensively on LGBT rights.

Gessen writes primarily in English but also in Russian. In addition to authoring several nonfiction books, they have contributed to The New York Times, The New York Review of Books, The Washington Post, the Los Angeles Times, The New Republic, New Statesman, Granta, Slate, Vanity Fair, Harper's Magazine, The New Yorker, and U.S. News & World Report.

Gessen has been a staff writer for The New Yorker since 2017 and an opinion columnist at The New York Times since May 2024.

Granta
Granta is a literary magazine and publisher in the United Kingdom whose mission centres on its "belief in the power and urgency of the story, both in fiction and non-fiction, and the story's supreme ability to describe, illuminate and make real." In 2007, The Observer stated: "In its blend of memoirs and photojournalism, and in its championing of contemporary realist fiction, Granta has its face pressed firmly against the window, determined to witness the world."

Granta has published twenty-seven laureates of the Nobel Prize in Literature. Literature published by Granta has regularly won such prizes as the Forward Prize, T. S. Eliot Prize, Pushcart Prize and more.
Mount Mulligan mine disaster
The Mount Mulligan mine disaster occurred on 19 September 1921 in Mount Mulligan, Far North Queensland, Australia.  A series of explosions in the local coal mine, audible as much as 30 km away, rocked the close-knit township.
Seventy-five workers were killed by the disaster, making it the third-worst coal mining accident in Australia in terms of human lives lost. Four of the dead had been at the mouth of the pit at the time of the explosion. Seventy four bodies were recovered by the time the Royal Commission ended, the last body was recovered five months after the disaster after the mine had reopened. The disaster affected people in cities and towns all over the country. The mine, which had operated for six years at the time of the accident, was widely considered safe and had no previous indications of gas leaks. The miners hence worked using open flame lights instead of safety lamps.

Explosion
An explosion is a rapid expansion in volume of a given amount of matter associated with an extreme outward release of energy, usually with the generation of high temperatures and release of high-pressure gases. Explosions may also be generated by a slower expansion that would normally not be forceful, but is not allowed to expand, so that when whatever is containing the expansion is broken by the pressure that builds as the matter inside tries to expand, the matter expands forcefully. An example of this is a volcanic eruption created by the expansion of magma in a magma chamber as it rises to the surface. Supersonic explosions created by high explosives are known as detonations and travel through shock waves. Subsonic explosions are created by low explosives through a slower combustion process known as deflagration.
Winham
Winham is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gilbert Winham (1938–2019), American-born political scientist

Godfrey Winham (1934–1975), English music theorist and composer

Lave Winham (1881–1951), American baseball player

Godfrey Winham
Godfrey Winham (11 December 1934 – 26 April 1975) was an English-born music theorist and composer of contemporary classical music who moved to the United States.

While in the UK, Winham studied with Hans Keller, and contributed brief reviews and structural summaries of new works to The Music Review.

In 1956 he married the singer and contemporary music specialist Bethany Beardslee. He received his B.A. (1956), M.F.A. (1958), and Ph.D. (1965) all at Princeton University and remained there after his graduation as a lecturer and research associate in the field of computer-generated electronic sound. During the 1960s he was an influential figure in American music theory circles, even though his list of publications was not extensive. His large collection of mostly unpublished documents and papers is held at Princeton University.
Manuel Aguilera Gómez
Manuel Sergio del Corazón de Jesús Aguilera Gómez (27 July 1936 – 8 October 2022) was a Mexican politician. A member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party, he served in the Senate of the Republic from 1991 to 1993.

Aguilera died in Mexico City on 8 October 2022, at the age of 86.

Senate of the Republic (Mexico)
The Senate of the Republic (Spanish: Senado de la República), constitutionally the Chamber of Senators of the Honorable Congress of the Union (Spanish: Cámara de Senadores del H. Congreso de la Unión), is the upper house of Mexico's bicameral Congress. It currently consists of 128 members, who serve six-year terms.
COVID-19 misinformation by China
The government of the People's Republic of China has downplayed the emergence of COVID-19 in China and spread misinformation about its origin and spread around the world. Beijing and pro-China actors have also amplified disinformation and conspiracy theories about COVID-19.

Preprint
In academic publishing, a preprint is a version of a scholarly or scientific paper that precedes formal peer review and publication in a peer-reviewed scholarly or scientific journal. The preprint may be available, often as a non-typeset version available for free, before or after a paper is published in a journal.
A. Madhavan
A. Madhavan (7 February 1934 – 5 January 2021) was a Tamil writer who won the Sahitya Akademi Award for his collection of essays Ilakkiya Chuvadukal (Traces of Literature). He supported the Dravidian movement.

Sahitya Akademi Award
The Sahitya Akademi Award  is a literary  honour in India,  which the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters, annually confers on writers of the most outstanding books of literary merit published in any of the 24 languages of the 8th Schedule to the Indian constitution as well as in English and Rajasthani language.

Established in 1954, the award comprises a plaque and a cash prize of ₹ 100,000. The award's purpose is to recognise and promote excellence in Indian writing and acknowledge new trends. The annual process of selecting awardees runs for the preceding 12 months. The plaque awarded by the Sahitya Akademi was designed by the Indian filmmaker Satyajit Ray. Prior to this, the plaque occasionally was made of marble, but this practice was discontinued because of its excessive weight. During the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965, the plaque was substituted with national savings bonds.
Low Pass Lake
Low Pass Lake is a small alpine lake in Elmore County, Idaho, United States, located in the Sawtooth Mountains in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area.  The lake is accessed from Sawtooth National Forest trail 479 along Timpa Creek or 462 along Lake Ingeborg.

Low Pass Lake is in the Sawtooth Wilderness, and a wilderness permit can be obtained at a registration box at trailheads or wilderness boundaries.  Lake Ingeborg is 0.30 mi (0.48 km) from Low Pass Lake, although it is over a pass and in a different sub-basin.

Sawtooth Wilderness
The Sawtooth Wilderness is a federally-protected wilderness area that covers 217,088 acres (87,852 ha) of the state of Idaho. Managed by the U.S. Forest Service in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it was designated the Sawtooth Primitive Area in 1937 to preserve the scenic beauty of the Sawtooth Mountains. On August 22, 1972 Public Law 92-400 designated the Primitive Area as the Sawtooth Wilderness and part of the newly created Sawtooth National Recreation Area. As part of the National Wilderness Preservation System, the Sawtooth Wilderness is an area where human development and use are restricted and people are to remain only visitors. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the Sawtooth Wilderness has some of the clearest air in the lower 48 states.
Sedolisin
The sedolisin (MEROPS S53) family of peptidases are a family of serine proteases structurally related to the subtilisin (S8) family. Well-known members of this family include sedolisin ("pseudomonalisin") found in Pseudomonas bacteria, xanthomonalisin ("sedolisin-B"), physarolisin as well as animal tripeptidyl peptidase I. It is also known as sedolysin or  serine-carboxyl peptidase. This group of enzymes contains a variation on the catalytic triad: unlike S8 which uses Ser-His-Asp, this group runs on Ser-Glu-Asp, with an additional acidic residue Asp in the oxyanion hole.

Their optimal pH is around 3. Most members of the family are produced as a precursor protein with N-terminal (InterPro: IPR015366) and sometimes C-terminal peptides that need to be cleaved off.

MEROPS
MEROPS is an online database for peptidases (also known as proteases, proteinases and proteolytic enzymes) and their inhibitors. The classification scheme for peptidases was published by Rawlings & Barrett in 1993, and that for protein inhibitors by Rawlings et al. in 2004. The most recent version, MEROPS 12.5, was released in September 2023.
Menshikov Tower
Menshikov Tower (Russian: Меншикова башня), also known as the Church of Archangel Gabriel, is a Baroque Russian Orthodox Church in Basmanny District of Moscow, within the Boulevard Ring. The church was initially built in 1707 to order of Alexander Menshikov by Ivan Zarudny assisted by Domenico Trezzini, a team of Italian-Swiss craftsmen from Ticino and Fribourg cantons and Russian stonemasons from Kostroma and Yaroslavl. The earliest extant Petrine Baroque building in Moscow, Menshikov Tower was substantially altered in the 1770s. The church traditionally functioned in summer only; in winter the congregation assembled in nearby Church of Theodor Stratelates, built in 1782–1806. Church of Saint Theodore also provides the bells for ritual ringing: despite its height, Menshikov Tower does not have bells.

Kostroma
Kostroma (Russian: Кострома́, IPA: [kəstrɐˈma]) is a historic city and the administrative center of Kostroma Oblast, Russia. A part of the Golden Ring of Russian cities, it is located at the confluence of the rivers Volga and Kostroma. In the 2021 census, the population is 267,481.
Vehicle registration plates of India
All motorised vehicles (and trailers) plying on public roads in India are tagged with a unique registration or licence number. The vehicle registration plate (known colloquially as number plate) is issued by a Regional Transport Office (RTO), the district-level authority on vehicular matters in the respective state or Union Territory. Registration plates are also issued by Indian Ministry of Defence and Ministry of External Affairs where applicable. The number plates are mandatory on both front and rear of the vehicle and are required to be in modern Hindu-Arabic numerals with latin letters. Complete specification of registration plates are specified under the HSRP: High security registration plate rules.

The international vehicle registration code for India is IND.

Vehicle registration plate
A vehicle registration plate, also known as a number plate (British, Indian, Pakistani English and Australian English), license plate (American English) or licence plate (Canadian English), is a metal or plastic plate attached to a motor vehicle or trailer for official identification purposes. All countries require registration plates for commercial road vehicles such as cars, trucks, and motorcycles, for hire. Whether they are required for other vehicles, such as bicycles, boats, or tractors, may vary by jurisdiction. The registration identifier is a numeric or alphanumeric ID that uniquely identifies the vehicle or vehicle owner within the issuing region's vehicle register. In some countries, the identifier is unique within the entire country, while in others it is unique within a state or province. Whether the identifier is associated with a vehicle or a person also varies by issuing agency. There are also electronic license plates.
Stokelake
50°35′42″N 3°37′08″W﻿ / ﻿50.595°N 3.619°W﻿ / 50.595; -3.619

Stokelake Residential School was in Chudleigh, South Devon. It was classed as the senior school of Pitt House School Ltd and the chairman was Mr. M. C. Spedding who was also Chairman of Torquay United Football Club in the early 1960s.

The site was quite extensive, with a main block, dining with TV - cinema room, library, and dormitory block. It had a classroom complex, and large gymnasium as well as its own farm. Stokelake also had an excellent football team.

The school held 120 pupils at any one time. Its parental school was Pitt House, at Torquay, which held a further 180 pupils at any one time, and another school that was owned by Pitt House School Ltd was Rocklands in Newton Abbot.

Stokelake ceased to be a school when it closed down in 1980 and Pitt House School closed down on 15 May 1984.

In 2000, an investigation revealed possible widespread child abuse at Stokelake and other residential schools in Devon.

Newton Abbot
Newton Abbot is a market town and civil parish on the River Teign in the Teignbridge District of Devon, England. Its population was 24,029 in 2011, and was estimated at 26,655 in 2019. It grew rapidly in the Victorian era as the home of the South Devon Railway locomotive works. This later became a major steam engine shed, retained to service British Railways diesel locomotives until 1981. It now houses the Brunel industrial estate. The town has a race course nearby, the most westerly in England, and a country park, Decoy. It is twinned with Besigheim in Germany and Ay in France.
Sydney Chandrasekara
Sydney Chandrasekara (Sinhala: සිඩ්නි චන්ද්‍රසේකර; 15 January 1959 – 14 November 2020) was a Sri Lankan journalist, lyricist, director and a prominent media personality. One of the iconic figures of Sri Lankan media, Chandrasekara contributed to several television programs over a career spanning more than four decades.

Television director
A television director is in charge of the activities involved in making a television program or section of a program. They are generally responsible for decisions about the editorial content and creative style of a program, and ensuring the producer's vision is delivered. Their duties may include selecting cast members, conduct rehearsals, work with set designers, location scouts and art directors, originating program ideas, finding contributors, writing scripts, planning 'shoots', ensuring safety, leading the crew on location, directing contributors and presenters, and working with editors and music supervisors to assemble and make sure the final product meets the producer and director's vision. The work of a television director can vary widely depending on the nature of the program, the practices of the production company, whether the program content is factual or drama, and whether it is live or recorded.
Dongfeng Dam
The Dongfeng Dam is an arch dam on the Wu River 65 km (40 mi) northwest of Qingzhen in Guizhou Province, China. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation and it supports a 570 MW power station. Construction on the dam began in 1989 and the first generator was operational in 1994, the last in 1995. The generators were up-rated between 2004 and 2005; bringing their capacity from 170 MW each to 190 MW.

Qingzhen
The term Qingzhen can also refer to Chinese Muslims, Chinese Islamic cuisine or the Hui ethnic group.

Qingzhen (simplified Chinese: 清镇; traditional Chinese: 清鎮; pinyin: Qīngzhèn) is a county-level city under the administration of Guiyang, the capital of Guizhou Province, China. It is located to the west of Guiyang's urban core, bordering Huaxi District to the southeast, the districts of Guanshanhu and Baiyun to the east and Xiuwen County to the northeast.
Nagoya City Tram & Subway Museum
The Nagoya City Tram & Subway Museum (レトロでんしゃ館, 'Retoro densha-kan) is a museum located in the city of  Nisshin, Aichi, Japan.  It is owned and operated by the Transportation Bureau of the City of Nagoya.

The museum houses a collection of Nagoya's old subway trains and trams. The museum visitors can experience driving Nagoya's present-day subway trains and older models of streetcars using PlayStation-style computer simulator. Model train displays and staff uniforms and caps complement the exhibit. Outside the museum is a giant tunneling shield excavator, which was used to dig Nagoya's subway tunnels.

Access by public transport is Akaike Station on the Tsurumai Line.

Nagoya City Transportation Bureau
The Nagoya City Transportation Bureau (名古屋市交通局, Nagoya-shi Kōtsūkyoku) is a municipal government agency responsible for public transport in Nagoya, Japan.  The organization operates subways and buses. It was founded in 1922, as an operator of Nagoya City Tram bought from Nagoya Electric Railroad, the current Nagoya Railroad. The bureau sells Manaca, replacing the older Tranpass system.
Jean Antoine Arthur Gris
Jean Antoine Arthur Gris (11 December 1829 – 19 August 1872) was a French botanist who was a native of Châtillon-sur-Seine, in the department of Côte-d'Or.

Beginning in 1855 he worked in the laboratory of Adolphe-Théodore Brongniart (1801–1876) at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris. In 1859 he received his PhD with a dissertation involving microscopic studies of chlorophyll. He was the author of 80 scientific articles, the majority of them being published in the Bulletin de la Société botanique de France and the Annales des sciences naturelles.

In 1865, Brongniart named the genus Grisia (synonym: Bikkia, family: Rubiaceae) in his honor.

Jean Gris died in Paris on 19 August 1872 at the age of 42. He is buried in the cemetery of Père-Lachaise, 22nd division.

Père Lachaise Cemetery
Père Lachaise Cemetery (French: Cimetière du Père-Lachaise [simtjɛʁ dy pɛʁ laʃɛːz], formerly Cimetière de l'Est, lit. 'Cemetery of the East') is the largest cemetery in Paris, France, at 44 hectares (110 acres). With more than 3.5 million visitors annually, it is the most visited necropolis in the world.

The Père Lachaise is located in the 20th arrondissement and was the first garden cemetery, as well as the first municipal cemetery in Paris. It is also the site of three World War I memorials. The cemetery is located on the Boulevard de Ménilmontant. The Paris Métro station Philippe Auguste on Line 2 is next to the main entrance, while the station Père Lachaise, on both Line 2 and Line 3, is 500 m (1,640 ft) away near a side entrance.
Israel at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Israel competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy.

Five Israeli athletes participated in the games, the same as in Salt Lake City in 2002, including two ice dance couples: Galit Chait and Sergei Sakhnovski, who were taking part for the third time in the Olympics, and the brother and sister team of Alexandra and Roman Zaretski for whom this was the first Olympics. The fifth member of the team was an alpine skier, Mikail Renzhin, the first Israeli to participate in this sport in the Olympics. He competed in the men's slalom and giant slalom events.

Galit Chait was the flag-bearer in the opening ceremony, as she was in 2002.

Sergei Sakhnovski
Sergei Sakhnovski (Hebrew: סרגיי סחנובסקי, Russian: Серге́й Сахно́вский; born May 15, 1975) is an Israeli ice dancer. With partner Galit Chait, he is the 2002 World bronze medalist for Israel. With previous partner Ekaterina Svirina, he is the 1993 World Junior champion for Russia.
Hixon, British Columbia
Hixon is an unincorporated community 2.48 square kilometres in size at the northern edge of the Cariboo region of the Central Interior region of British Columbia, Canada. It is part of Electoral Area E in the Regional District of Fraser-Fort George. It is located on the east (left) bank of the Fraser River, and is about midway along BC Highway 97 between the cities of Prince George (N) and Quesnel (S).  It was named for Hixon Creek, which in turn is named for a 19th-century prospector in the area, by the name of Joseph Foster Hixon, who found gold here on the banks of the Fraser River back around 1866. As of 2021, it has a population of 239, representing a 13.7 percent decline from 2016.

Prince George, British Columbia
Prince George is a city in British Columbia, Canada, situated at the confluence of the Fraser and Nechako rivers. The city itself has a population of 76,708; the metro census agglomeration has a population of 89,490. It is often called the province's "northern capital" because it serves as a centre for higher education, health care, government services, arts and entertainment, sports, and support for major industries such as forest products and mining.