hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gref
Gref is a German surname, derived from the noble title Graf. It also means "Grave" in the Frisian language. Notable people with the surname include:

Herman Gref (born 1964), Russian politician and businessman

Lynn G. Gref (born 1941), American technologist and systems engineer

Lynn G. Gref
Lynn Gref (born 1941) is an American technologist and systems engineer, who has done pioneering work in missile systems; command, control and communications (C3) systems; and satellite systems. He and Dr. William Spuck developed the Rapid Development Methodology (RDM) that was employed in the development of a number of C3 systems for the U.S. Department of Defense. RDM is a form of software development classified as iterative and incremental development. A primary distinction of RDM is that the user is left with a usable capability at the end of every iteration. He pioneered the development of C3 systems using the Ada programming language. He has coauthored a number of reports as a member the Army Science Board (ASB) and as a committee member for the Naval Studies Board of the United States National Academy of Sciences.
Puliakulam
Puliakulam is a residential neighborhood in the city of Coimbatore. The Idol in Puliakulam Vinayagar Temple is one of the largest monolithic(Single stoned) statues and the largest Ganesha idol in Asia . The Temple is Situated in the middle of the Four road Junction and also acts as a roundabout for the Vehicles to pass by. The idol is placed facing the East towards the Puliakulam to Sowripalayam road.

National Highway 81 (India)
National Highway 81, commonly referred to as NH 81, is a highway connecting the city of Coimbatore to Chidambaram in South India. This highway was previously part of old national highways 67 and 227 but subsequent to rationalisation of national highway numbers of India by Gazette notification on 5 March 2010 it was changed to National Highway 81. This national highway is 321.4 km (199.7 mi) long and runs entirely in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
Sella Pass
The Sella Pass (German: Sellajoch; Ladin: Jëuf de Sela or Jouf de Sela; Italian: Passo Sella) (2218 m) is a high mountain pass between the provinces of Trentino and South Tyrol in Italy.

It connects the Val Gherdëina in South Tyrol and Canazei in the Fascia Valley in Trentino.

With Pordoi Pass, Gardena Pass, and Campolongo Pass, this pass forms a quadrangle around the Sella group. In the winter, ski trails are prepared that make the entire round in both directions, known as the Sella Ronda.

Fassa Valley
The Fassa Valley (Ladin: Fascia, Italian: Val di Fassa, German: Fassatal) is a valley in the Dolomites in Trentino, northern Italy. The valley composes an administrative valley community (Italian: Comunità di valle, German: Talgemeinschaft) of Trentino, known as Fascia (Ladin: Region Comun General de Fascia).

The valley is home to much of the Ladin community in Trentino, which makes up the majority of the valley's population.
Intergraph Standard File Formats
Intergraph Standard File Formats (ISFF) are the file formats common to MicroStation and Intergraph's Interactive Graphics Design System (IGDS). ISFF is made available to the public, so that third-party developers could create applications for MicroStation that read and write ISFF format without a license from Intergraph.

Design files, or DGN files (*.dgn) are binary files with variable-length records for graphic elements, and non-graphic data.

Cell library files (*.cel) are binary files that store cell definitions for placement in design files.

MicroStation versions 8 and newer support the V8 DGN file format, but which has a different internal data structure than the ISFF-based DGN.  In cases where there is potential for confusion, ISFF-based DGN may be called Intergraph DGN, or V7 DGN.

Autodesk has chosen not to support DGN in AutoCAD 2006, although it does support the format in its Map3D, Land Desktop, and Civil3D products.

Binary file
A binary file is a computer file that is not a text file. The term "binary file" is often used as a term meaning "non-text file". Many binary file formats contain parts that can be interpreted as text; for example, some computer document files containing formatted text, such as older Microsoft Word document files, contain the text of the document but also contain formatting information in binary form.
Lutz Wingert
Lutz Wingert (born 1958) is a German philosopher who is sometimes identified as one of the "Third Generation" of the Frankfurt School of philosophy. He is a professor of philosophy focusing on practical philosophy at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich and a member of the Zentrum Geschichte des Wissens (Centre for the History of Knowledge). He is a former student of, and a co-author with, Jürgen Habermas, a founding member of the Frankfurt School. Wingert is a former chair of practical philosophy at the University of Dortmund. Along with Wilfried Hinsch, he edits the Ideen & Argumente series.

In 1998, he was awarded the Karl Jaspers Prize. In 2009 he helped chair a Habermas conference in Pécs, Hungary. In March 2011, he co-chaired the Rhetorics and Therapy conference.

Die Zeit
Die Zeit (German pronunciation: [diː ˈtsaɪt], lit. 'The Time') is a German national weekly newspaper published in Hamburg in Germany. The newspaper is generally considered to be among the German newspapers of record and is known for its long and extensive articles.
Dagrocorat
Dagrocorat (developmental code names PF-00251802, PF-251802) is a nonsteroidal but steroid-like selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator (SGRM) which was under development for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis but was never marketed. It is described as a partial agonist and "dissociable" agonist of the glucocorticoid receptor. The drug reached phase I clinical trials prior to the discontinuation of its development. The C2α dihydrogen phosphate ester of dagrocorat, fosdagrocorat, was also under investigation, but its development was terminated as well.

Steroid
A steroid is an organic compound with four fused rings (designated A, B, C, and D) arranged in a specific molecular configuration.

Steroids have two principal biological functions: as important components of cell membranes that alter membrane fluidity; and as signaling molecules. Examples include the lipid cholesterol, sex hormones estradiol and testosterone,: 10–19  anabolic steroids, and the anti-inflammatory corticosteroid drug dexamethasone. Hundreds of steroids are found in fungi, plants, and animals. All steroids are manufactured in cells from a sterol: cholesterol (animals), lanosterol (opisthokonts), or cycloartenol (plants). All three of these molecules are produced via cyclization of the triterpene squalene.
Charles Innes-Ker, 11th Duke of Roxburghe
Charles Robert George Innes-Ker, 11th Duke of Roxburghe (born 18 February 1981), also known as Charles Innes or Charlie Roxburghe and styled as the Marquess of Bowmont and Cessford until 2019, is a British aristocrat and military officer.

Floors Castle
Floors Castle, in Roxburghshire, south-east Scotland, is the seat of the Duke of Roxburghe. Despite its name it is an estate house rather than a fortress. It was built in the 1720s by the architect William Adam for John Ker, 1st Duke of Roxburghe, possibly incorporating an earlier tower house. In the 19th century it was embellished with turrets and battlements, designed by William Playfair, for The 6th Duke of Roxburghe. Floors has the common 18th-century layout of a main block with two symmetrical service wings. Floors Castle stands by the bank of the River Tweed and overlooks the Cheviot Hills to the south.

Floors Castle is now a category A listed building, and the grounds are listed in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes, the national listing of significant gardens in Scotland. It is open to the public.
Stadio Franco Ossola
The Stadio Franco Ossola (also called Luigi Ganna Velodrome) is a sports stadium and velodrome currently in use by the football team Varese FC.

Constructed in 1925, and originally named the Stadio del Littorio, the stadium was renamed in September 1950 in memory of Franco Ossola, an Italian from Varese and player for Torino F.C. who died in 1949 in the Superga air disaster.

The cycling track was used for the UCI Track Cycling World Championships in 1971 and is named after Luigi Ganna, the winner of the first Giro d'Italia in 1909, who was born in nearby Induno Olona.

Originally, the stadium could accommodate up to 23,000 spectators, but the capacity has been reduced to comply with safety standards, so much so that now the north stand, which houses the home fans, is not usable.

In recent years, plans have been drawn up to create a new 10,000 seater stadium to replace the existing one.

Luigi Ganna
Luigi Ganna (1 December 1883 – 2 October 1957) was an Italian professional road racing cyclist. He was the overall winner of the first Giro d'Italia, held in 1909, as well as the first Italian winner of the classic Milan–San Remo earlier that year. Further highlights in his career were his fifth place in the 1908 Tour de France and several podium places in Italian classic races. In 1908, he set a new Italian hour record, which he held for six years.

He was born in Induno Olona, near Varese, in Lombardy. Before becoming a professional cyclist, he worked as a bricklayer, commuting up to 100 km to work by bike.

In 1912, he started a bike brand named Ganna which was still around in 2012. In 1913, he started the Ganna Cycling team where he rode for the final three years of his career. His company sponsored the team until 1953 when they could no longer meet obligations and Nivea–Fuchs took over.
Delwyn Young
Delwyn Rudy Young (born June 30, 1982) is an American former professional baseball utility player. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Los Angeles Dodgers and Pittsburgh Pirates. He was most recently the hitting coach for the Wilmington Blue Rocks.

Utility player
In sports, a utility player is one who can play several positions competently. Sports in which the term is often used include association football, basketball, rugby, baseball, softball, ice hockey, and water polo.

The term has gained prominence in all sports due to its use in fantasy leagues, but in rugby union and rugby league, it is commonly used by commentators to recognize a player's versatility.

The use of this term to describe a player may in some circumstances be a backhanded compliment, as it suggests the player is not good enough to be considered a specialist in one position (i.e., a jack of all trades).
Flower Pot Interchange
The Flower Pot Interchange is an elevated 802 metres (2,631 ft) dual carriageway in Ghana with an asphalt concrete surfacing. It consists of a 140-meter ramp from Shiashie onto the viaduct towards Airport Hills, and an 80-meter ramp connecting the viaduct to the Motorway towards Tema. It was constructed by the Chinese Railway Engineering and commissioned by President Nana Akufo-Addo on 19 November 2024. The project was originally allotted ¢69.5 million in 2016 and then a total of ¢147 million in 2017. When the project ended up costing more than ¢1 billion, some MPs questioned the expense. The Flower Pot Interchange is a significant infrastructure project in Accra, Ghana, designed to improve traffic flow between the northern and southern corridors of the Accra-Tema Motorway. It benefits commuters in areas such as Cantonments, Burma Camp, East Legon, Spintex, and Tema.

Tema Motorway
The Tema Motorway officially known as the N1 Highway is a 19-kilometre (12 mi) highway that links Tema to Accra—capital of Ghana. It is the only motorway in Ghana., is a major highway in Ghana that connects the capital city of Accra with the industrial city of Tema.
Matiota
Matiota is a subdivision of the city of Mindelo in the island of São Vicente, Cape Verde. It is situated 1.2 km northwest of the city centre, along Porto Grande Bay. Adjacent subdivisions include Chã de Alecrim to the east and Fortinho to the south. It includes the beach Praia da Laginha.

São Vicente, Cape Verde
São Vicente (Portuguese for "Saint Vincent") is one of the Barlavento Islands, the northern group within the Cape Verde archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, off the West African coast. It is located between the islands of Santo Antão and Santa Luzia, with the Canal de São Vicente separating it from Santo Antão.
Saint Sarah
Saint Sarah, also known as Sara-la-Kâli ("Sara the Black"; Romani: Sara e Kali), is the patron saint of the Romani people in Folk Catholicism. The center of her veneration is Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer, a place of pilgrimage for Roma in the Camargue, in Southern France. Legend identifies her as the servant of one of the Three Marys, with whom she is supposed to have arrived in the Camargue. Saint Sarah also shares her name with the Hindu goddess Kali who is a popular deity in northern India from where the Romani people originate. The name "Sara" itself is seen in the appellation of Durga as Kali in the famed text Durgasaptashati. Despite her popular veneration amongst Romani Catholics, she is not considered a Saint by the Roman Catholic Church.

Folk Catholicism
Folk Catholicism can be broadly described as various ethnic expressions and practices of Catholicism intermingled with aspects of folk religion. Practices have varied from place to place and may at times contradict the official doctrines and practices of the Catholic Church.
David Jebb
David Jebb (c. 1738 – 6 August 1826) was an English surveyor and engineer who was Surveyor-General in Ulster. in charge of the construction of the Boyne Navigation, a series of canals running 31 km (19 mi) roughly parallel to the River Boyne from Oldbridge to Navan in County Meath, Ireland. Jebb himself built a flour mill at Slane in 1766 to take advantage of the navigation that he had recently completed that far.

Jebb was born into a prominent family, the son of Rev. John Jebb. His brothers were Dr. John Jebb and Sir Richard Jebb, 1st Baronet. He built Egham Park in Surrey.

He died at Sansome Lodge in Worcester.

Navan
Navan (/ˈnævən/ NAV-ən; Irish: An Uaimh [ənˠ ˈuəvʲ], meaning "the Cave") is the county town and largest town of County Meath, Ireland. It is at the confluence of the River Boyne and Blackwater, around 50 km northwest of Dublin. At the 2022 census, it had a population of 33,886, making it the fourteenth largest settlement in all of Ireland. The town is in a civil parish of the same name.
2009 Volkswagen Jetta TDI Cup
The 2009 Volkswagen Jetta TDI Cup was the Volkswagen Jetta TDI Cup's second season. In 2009 10 races were set to take place on eight circuits. Both Virginia International Raceway and New Jersey Motorsports Park were doubleheader events hosting two rounds each. There are also four new tracks for the 2009 season, Miller Motorsports Park, Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course, Autobahn Country Club, and Road America. Gone for the season are Iowa Speedway and Lime Rock Park.

Also new for this season is a new fuel from Hyperfuels, the official supplier for the TDI Cup. This year all the race cars, as well as all the vehicle/equipment transporters and generators used by the series, will run SynDiesel B5 Biodiesel. Late in the 2008 season, Pirelli announced that they would be the official tire supplier for the 2009 season.

Virginia International Raceway
Virginia International Raceway (VIR) is a race track located in Alton, Virginia, near Danville. It is less than a half-mile from the North Carolina/Virginia border just outside Milton, North Carolina, on the banks of the Dan River. VIR hosts amateur and professional automobile and motorcycle events, driving schools, club days, and private test rentals.
Core & Main
Core & Main, headquartered in St. Louis, Missouri, distributes products used for water, wastewater, storm drainage, and fire protection in the United States. Customers include municipalities, private water companies, and professional contractors. The company has 370 branch locations in 49 U.S. states, 60,000 customers, and sells 225,000 products.

In fiscal 2024, 67% of the company's sales were pipes, valves, and piping and plumbing fittings, 16% of the company's sales were products for storm drainage, 8% of the company's sales were products for fire protection, and 9% of the company's sales were products for water metering. In fiscal 2024, 42% of sales were from the municipal construction sector, 38% of sales were from the non-residential construction sector, and 20% of sales were from the residential construction sector.

The company is ranked 497th on the Fortune 500.

Piping and plumbing fitting
A fitting or adapter is used in pipe systems to connect  sections of pipe (designated by nominal size, with greater  tolerances of variance) or tube (designated by actual size, with lower tolerance for variance), adapt to different sizes or shapes, and for other purposes such as regulating (or measuring) fluid flow. These fittings can manipulate the conveyance of fluids  such  as water for potatory, irrigational, sanitary, and refrigerative purposes, or other liquids like gas,  petroleum, and liquid waste.

Fittings allow multiple  pipes to be connected to cover longer distances, increase or decrease the size of the pipe  or tube, or extend a network  by branching, and make possible more complex systems than could be achieved with only individual pipes. Valves are specialized fittings that  permit regulating the flow of fluid within a plumbing system.
Ernst Killander
Ernst Killander (10 March 1882 – 24 January 1958), a Swedish Major in the First World War, was one of the people who made the sport of orienteering popular in Scandinavian countries.

Killander was a vegetarian. He was President of the Swedish Vegetarian Society and attended the International Vegetarian Union Congress in 1953.

Orienteering
Orienteering is a group of sports in which participants use a map and compass to navigate from point to point in unfamiliar terrain as quickly as possible.

The sport originated from military land-navigation training in the late 19th century. It has since evolved into several competitive forms where participants race against the clock and other competitors while navigating through checkpoints. Variants include automobile, underwater, mountain bike, ski, and trail orienteering. The most common form is foot orienteering, also known as FootO.

In formal foot-orienteering competitions, participants are given a specially prepared orienteering map, usually topographical, which they use to locate control points.

Orienteering is part of the World Games and the World Police and Fire Games.
Nagoya City University West Medical Center
Nagoya City University West Medical Center (名古屋市立大学附属西部医療センター, Nagoya shiritsu daigaku fuzoku Seibu Iryō Sentā) is a general hospital located in Kita-ku, Nagoya, Japan, which is administered by the City of Nagoya. This hospital was established in May 2011, from the merger of two hospitals, Nagoya City Jouhoku Hospital and Nagoya City Jousai Hospital.

Kita-ku, Nagoya
Kita Ward (北区, Kita-ku) is one of the 16 wards of the city of Nagoya in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2019, the ward had an estimated population of 163,555 and a population density of 9,330 persons per km2. The total area was 17.53 km2.
Wegard Harsvik
Wegard Harsvik (born 19 July 1967) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

He served in the position of deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Nordland during the term 1989–1993.

During the first cabinet, Stoltenberg Harsvik worked as a political advisor in the Ministry of Church, Education, and Research. When the second cabinet Stoltenberg assumed office following the 2005 elections, Harsvik was appointed State Secretary in the Ministry of Health and Care Services. In late 2007 he changed to the Ministry of Culture and Church Affairs.

Outside politics he has worked in the Friends of the Earth Norway, Sosialdemokrater mot EU and the Norwegian Union of Municipal and General Employees.

Ministry of Health and Care Services
The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services (Helse- og omsorgsdepartementet) is a Norwegian government ministry in charge of health policy, public health, health care services, and health legislation in Norway. It is led by the Minister of Health and Care Services.

More specifically, the Ministry of Health and Care Services has the superior responsibility for providing the population with adequate health care services, including health promotion, based upon the principle of equality and health care services independent of habitation and financial circumstances.

The Minister of Health and Care Services is the head of the Ministry, and its political leader. The position is held by Jan Christian Vestre as of 2025. The Norwegian Board of Health is a national government institution under the Ministry of Health and Care Services.
Kirikla
Kirikla is a village in Saue Parish, Harju County, Estonia.  It borders Kohatu village to the north, Kernu village to the west, Kustja village to the south, and Rapla County to the east. Prior to the administrative reform of Estonian local governments in 2017, the village belonged to Kernu Parish.

Harju County
Harju County (Estonian: Harju maakond or Harjumaa) is one of the fifteen counties of Estonia. It is located in northern Estonia, on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, and it borders Lääne-Viru County to the east, Järva County to the southeast, Rapla County to the south, and Lääne County to the southwest. The capital and largest city of Estonia, Tallinn, is located in Harju County. Harju is the largest county in Estonia in terms of population, as almost half (45%) of Estonia's population lives in Harju County.
Luis Adolfo Noboa Naranjo Museum
Luis Adolfo Noboa Naranjo Museum (Spanish: Museo Luis Adolfo Noboa Naranjo) is a museum in Guayaquil, Ecuador. It was established on January 25, 2006, by Alvaro Noboa. It displays the private collection of paintings of the late Ecuadorian entrepreneur, Luis Noboa Naranjo, representing a sample of the most important contemporary Ecuadorian painters, with whom he had cultivated friendship. The museum consists of 10 halls with 97 pieces of art, with a particular focus on avant-garde, including three murals by Manuel Rendón, and the paintings of Oswaldo Guayasamín, Eduardo Kingman, Humberto Moré, Carlos Catasse, Ricardo Montesinos, Segundo Espinel, Luis Miranda, Oswaldo Viteri and others. The museum offers guided programs for schools and colleges through city tours, permanent public displays, temporary exhibitions, and painting competitions.

Eduardo Kingman
Eduardo Kingman Riofrío (February 23, 1913 – November 27, 1997) was an Ecuadorian artist. He is considered one of Ecuador's greatest artists of the 20th century, among the art circles of other master artists such as Oswaldo Guayasamín and Camilo Egas.