hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Politics of Colombia
Colombia is a presidential representative democratic republic with a multi-party system, where the President of Colombia is both head of state and head of government. The national government has separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The legislative power is held by the two chambers of the Congress of Colombia, the Senate and the Chamber of Representatives. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature, with the four high courts for each jurisdiction of law: the Constitutional Court of Colombia, Supreme Court of Justice of Colombia, Council of State, and Superior Council of Judicature.

The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Colombia a "flawed democracy" in 2024.

Judiciary
The judiciary (also known as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judiciative branch, and court or judiciary system) is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law in legal cases.
2000 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Men's hammer throw
The men's hammer throw event at the 2000 World Junior Championships in Athletics was held in Santiago, Chile, at Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos on 18 October.  A 7257g (senior implement) hammer was used.

Hammer throw
The hammer throw (Abbreviated as HT) is one of the four throwing events in regular outdoor track-and-field competitions, along with the discus throw, shot put and javelin.

The hammer used in this sport is not like any of the tools also called by that name. It consists of a metal ball attached by a steel wire to a grip. These three components are each separate and can move independently. Both the size and weight of the ball vary between men's and women's events. The men's hammer weighs 7.26 kilograms (16 lb) for college and professional meets; the women's hammer weighs 4 kilograms (8.8 lb).
East Fork Falls (Baker County, Oregon)
East Fork Falls is a waterfall along East Fork Pine Creek in the U.S. state of Oregon just east of Baker City in the south stretch of the Wallowa–Whitman National Forest.

East Fork Falls are a short distance north of the ghost town of Cornucopia along the Oregon-Idaho border. Access to East Fork in the Southern Wallowa Mountains starting at the Cornucopia trailhead up trail East Fork #1865.

Wallowa Mountains
The Wallowa Mountains (/wəˈlaʊwə/) are a mountain range located in the Columbia Plateau of northeastern Oregon in the United States. The range runs approximately 40 miles (64 km) northwest to southeast in southwestern Wallowa County and eastern Union County between the Blue Mountains to the west and the Snake River to the east. The range is sometimes considered to be an eastern spur of the Blue Mountains, and it is known as the "Alps of Oregon". Much of the range is designated as the Eagle Cap Wilderness, part of the Wallowa–Whitman National Forest.
Väki
Väki is a supernatural power in Finnish mythology. It was believed by Baltic Finns that väki resided in natural sites, objects, and animals. Väki has been compared to mana. However, according to Laura Stark, väki is about an impersonal power rather than a universal force. Väki has also been compared to orenda.

Some folklorists have stated väki are in objects, especially ones connected to the world of the supernatural. The concept of väki was first documented in the 18th century by Christfrid Ganander in his book Mythologia Fennica.

According to Kaarle Krohn, väki originated from animistic beliefs. There is a lack of information regarding how most kinds of väki were used by tietäjä.

Christfried Ganander
Christfried Ganander (21 November 1741 in Haapajärvi – 17 February 1790 in Rantsila) was a Finnish compiler of folk culture, a priest and lexicographer. Ganander's greatest achievement was the compilation of the first fully extensive Finnish-language dictionary which was, however, unpublished. He was also a collector of folk culture well before Elias Lönnrot. His most well-known published work is Mythologia Fennica in 1789, a reference book of folk religion. He also published some poetry and worked as a teacher.
Lumbar splanchnic nerves
The lumbar splanchnic nerves are splanchnic nerves that arise from the lumbar ganglia (the lumbar part of the sympathetic trunk) and travel to an adjacent plexus near the aorta. They originate from L1 and L2. Together with fibres from the aortic plexus, they form the superior hypogastric plexus.

These nerves contain preganglionic sympathetic and general visceral afferent fibers.

The site of synapse is found in the inferior mesenteric ganglion and the postsynaptic fibers innervate the smooth muscle and glands of the pelvic viscera and hindgut.

Sympathetic trunk
The sympathetic trunk (sympathetic chain, gangliated cord) is a paired bundle of nerve fibers that run from the base of the skull to the coccyx. It is a major component of the sympathetic nervous system.
Lam Leung-tim
Lam Leung-tim (30 March 1924 – 10 November 2025) was a Hong Kong-Chinese businessman and pioneer in the Hong Kong toy industry. He was regarded as the inventor of the yellow rubber duck in the Asian region and contributed significantly to the development of Hong Kong's globally successful toy manufacturing industry.

Rubber duck
A rubber duck, or rubber duckie, is a toy shaped like a duck that is usually yellow with a flat base. It may be made of rubber or rubber-like material such as vinyl plastic. Rubber ducks were invented in the late 19th century when it became possible to more easily shape rubber, and are believed to improve developmental skills in children during water play.

The yellow rubber duck has achieved an iconic status in Western pop culture and is often symbolically linked to bathing. Various novelty variations of the toy are produced, and many organisations use yellow rubber ducks in rubber duck races for fundraising worldwide.
VEGFR-2 inhibitor
VEGFR-2 inhibitor, also known as kinase insert domain receptor(KDR) inhibitor, are tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors that reduce angiogenesis or lymphangiogenesis, leading to anticancer activity. Generally they are small, synthesised molecules that bind competitively to the ATP-site of the tyrosine kinase domain. VEGFR-2 selective inhibitor can interrupt multiple signaling pathways involved in tumor, including proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis.

Bleeding
Bleeding, hemorrhage, haemorrhage or blood loss, is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels. Bleeding can occur internally, or externally either through a natural opening such as the mouth, nose, ear, urethra, vagina, or anus, or through a puncture in the skin.
Hypovolemia is a massive decrease in blood volume, and death by excessive loss of blood is referred to as exsanguination. Typically, a healthy person can endure a loss of 10–15% of the total blood volume without serious medical difficulties (by comparison, blood donation typically takes 8–10% of the donor's blood volume). The stopping or controlling of bleeding is called hemostasis and is an important part of both first aid and surgery.
Kolthoff
Kolthoff is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Erick Kolthoff (born 1961), Puerto Rican judge

Gustaf Kolthoff (1845–1913), Swedish naturalist

Izaak Kolthoff (1894–1993), Dutch chemist

Izaak Kolthoff
Izaak Maurits (Piet) Kolthoff (February 11, 1894 – March 4, 1993) was an analytical chemist and chemistry educator. He is widely considered the father of analytical chemistry for his large volume of published research in diverse fields of analysis, his work to modernize and promote the field, and for advising a large number of students who went on to influential careers of their own.

Kolthoff's best-known research contribution was the development of the "cold process" for producing synthetic rubber, which he undertook under the U.S. synthetic rubber program during World War II. He was also active in social causes, including promoting world peace and opposing nuclear weapons testing.

Kolthoff received a PhD in chemistry from the University of Utrecht in his native Netherlands. In 1927, he immigrated to the United States, joining the faculty at the University of Minnesota, where he worked for more than 60 years.
Microsoft Reader
Microsoft Reader is a discontinued Microsoft application for reading e-books, first released in August 2000, that used its own .LIT format. It was available for Windows computers and Pocket PC PDAs. The name was also used later for an unrelated application for reading PDF and XPS files, first released with Windows 8 - this app was discontinued in 2018.

Open XML Paper Specification
Open XML Paper Specification (also referred to as OpenXPS) is an open specification for a page description language and a fixed-document format. Microsoft developed it as the XML Paper Specification (XPS). In June 2009, Ecma International adopted it as international standard ECMA-388.

It is an XML-based (more precisely XAML-based) specification, based on a new print path (print processing data representation and data flow) and a color-managed vector document format that supports device independence and resolution independence. In Windows 8 .xps was replaced with the ECMA standard .oxps format which is not natively supported in older Windows versions.

OpenXPS was introduced by Microsoft as an alternative to Portable Document Format (PDF). However, PDF remained the standard choice, and support for and user familiarity with XPS files is limited. It has been described as neglected technology, which may cause difficulties to recipients of documents in a format they are not familiar with.
Bì cuốn
In Vietnamese cuisine, bì cuốn are pork and rice rolls. They are made from thinly shredded pork and skin, with rice, and ingredients often added are garlic sauce, lemon, sugar, chilli, pickles, and white radish and carrots.

Carrot
The carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) is a root vegetable, typically orange in colour, though heirloom variants including purple, black, red, white, and yellow cultivars exist, all of which are domesticated forms of the wild carrot, Daucus carota, native to Europe and Southwestern Asia. The plant probably originated in Iran and was originally cultivated for its leaves and seeds.

The carrot is a biennial plant in the umbellifer family, Apiaceae. World production of carrots (combined with turnips) for 2022 was 42 million tonnes, led by China producing 44% of the total.

The characteristic orange colour is from beta-carotene, making carrots a rich source of  vitamin A. A myth that carrots help people to see in the dark was spread as propaganda in the Second World War, to account for the reason of British pilots' ability to fight in the dark; the real explanation was the introduction of radar.
Squash at the 2011 Pan American Games – Women's team
The women's team competition of the squash events at the 2011 Pan American Games will be held from October 18 to 20 at the Squash Complex in Guadalajara, Mexico. The defending Pan American Games champion is the team from Canada (Carolyn Russell, Runa Reta and Alana Miller).

Alana Miller
Alana Miller (born July 22, 1980) is a Canadian former professional squash player. She reached a career-high world ranking of World No. 30 in May 2009.

Miller was the Canadian National Champion for 2003, 2007 and 2008.

Miller retired after representing Canada at the 2010 Commonwealth Games, where she lost in the Round of 16 to England's Laura Massaro. She retired as the 35th-ranked women's squash player and highest-ranked Canadian woman.
OPM (album)
OPM is the first ever compilation album by Filipino singer Sarah Geronimo, released on December 22, 2008 in the Philippines by VIVA Records. It consists of OPM songs that she has released, may it be a single, an album track or a soundtrack. In 2010, it has been certified Platinum by the Philippine Association of the Record Industry, selling 25,000 copies in the country.

Music of the Philippines
The music of the Philippines (Filipino: Musika ng Pilipinas) includes the musical performance arts in the Philippines and the music of Filipinos composed in various local and international genres and styles. Philippine musical compositions are often a mixture of  Indigenous styles, and various Asian styles, as well as Spanish/Latin American and (US) American influences through foreign rule from those countries.
Yan Xiao Gong
Yan Xiao Gong (born December 31, 1997) is an American paralympic sport shooter. He is a silver medalist in the 2024 Summer Paralympics in the shooting competition. He has also competed in the World Shooting Para Sports Championships and the Parapan American Games, winning medals in both.

Parapan American Games
The Parapan American Games is an international multi-sport event for athletes with physical disabilities held every four years after every Pan American Games. The first Games were held in 1999 in Mexico City, Mexico. The 2003 Parapan American Games was the last Parapan American Games that was not held in the same city as the Pan American Games. The most recent Parapan American Games were held between 17 and 26 November 2023, in Santiago, Chile.
It is organized by the Americas Paralympic Committee.
Sun Cong
Sun Cong (Chinese: 孙聪; born February 14, 1961) is a Chinese aviation engineer, deputy designer with Aviation Industry Corporation of China and Chief Designer of the Shenyang FC-31 Shenyang J-15 fighters.

Aviation Industry Corporation of China
The Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) is a Chinese state-owned, publicly-traded aerospace and defense conglomerate headquartered in Beijing. AVIC is overseen by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council. It is ranked 140th in the Fortune Global 500 list as of 2021, and has over 100 subsidiaries, 27 listed companies and 500,000 employees across the globe. AVIC is also the sixth largest defense contractor globally as of 2022 and second largest Chinese defense contractor with total revenue of $79 billion (from both defense and non-defense services).
The Arkansas Traveler (newspaper)
The Arkansas Traveler (sometimes abbreviated to just The Traveler) is the student newspaper of the University of Arkansas. It is printed once a month and has an online edition that is updated daily.

The Traveler is distributed free on campus and around the city of Fayetteville, Arkansas, and usually contains a mix of campus and local news coverage.

The Traveler is an affiliate of UWIRE, which distributes and promotes its content to their network.

Fayetteville, Arkansas
Fayetteville (/ˈfeɪətvɪl/ FAY-ət-vil) is a city in Washington County, Arkansas, United States, and its county seat. The population was 93,949 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 103,134 in 2024, making it the second-most populous city in Arkansas and the most populous city in Northwest Arkansas. Fayetteville is on the outskirts of the Boston Mountains, within the Ozarks. It is included in the three-county Northwest Arkansas metropolitan area, with 546,725 residents in 2020.

Fayetteville was named after Fayetteville, Tennessee, from which many settlers had come, and was incorporated on November 3, 1836. It is home to the University of Arkansas, the state's flagship university.  When classes are in session, thousands of students on campus change up the pace of the city. Thousands of Arkansas Razorbacks alumni and fans travel to Fayetteville to attend football, basketball, and baseball games.
Mensur Mujdža
Mensur Mujdža (pronounced [měnsur mǔjdʒa]; born 28 March 1984) is a Bosnian professional football manager and former player who is currently an assistant manager for Croatian Football League club Gorica.

Mujdža started his professional career at Zagreb, before joining SC Freiburg in 2009. Seven years later, he moved to 1. FC Kaiserslautern.

A former Croatian youth international, Mujdža made his senior international debut for Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2010, earning over 30 caps until 2015. He represented the nation at their first major championship, the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

Croatian Football League
The Hrvatska nogometna liga (pronounced [xř̩ʋaːtskaː nôɡomeːtnaː lǐːɡa]; lit. 'Croatian Football League'), abbreviated as HNL and also known for sponsorship reasons as the SuperSport HNL, is a professional association football league in Croatia and the highest level of the Croatian football league system. Established in 1992, it was previously called Prva Hrvatska nogometna liga (1. HNL; lit. 'First Croatian Football League'), but a league structure reorganization from 2022–23 led to name changes for the three top league levels.
Tecumseh High School (Franklin Furnace, Ohio)
Tecumseh High School was a high school in Franklin Furnace, Ohio.  It was a part of the Ohio River Valley Juvenile Correctional Facility.  All youth prisoners who did not have a high school degree were required to participate in the educational program.

The facility employed 333 staff until its closure on September 10, 2011.

High school diploma
A high school diploma (sometimes referred to as a high school degree) is a diploma awarded upon graduation of high school. A high school diploma is awarded after completion of courses of studies lasting four years, from grade 9 to grade 12. It is the school leaving qualification in the United States and Canada.

The diploma is awarded by the school in accordance with the requirements of the local state or provincial government. Requirements for earning the diploma vary by jurisdiction, and there may be different requirements for different streams or levels of high school graduation. Typically they include a combination of selected coursework meeting specified criteria for a particular stream and acceptable passing grades earned on the state exit examination.
Saibh Young
Saibh Anna Young (born 5 September 1967) is an Irish former cricketer who played as a right-arm medium bowler. She appeared in one Test match and 36 One Day Internationals for Ireland between 1990 and 2001. She took a hat-trick in an ODI against England in 2001.

Women's Test cricket
Women's Test cricket is the longest format of women's cricket and is the female equivalent to men's Test cricket. Matches comprise four-innings and are held over a maximum of four days between two of the leading cricketing nations. The rules governing the format differ little from those for the men's game, with differences generally being technicalities surrounding umpiring and field size.

The first women's Test match was played by England women and Australia women in December 1934, a three-day contest held in Brisbane which England won by nine wickets. A total of 149 Women's Test matches have been played. Far fewer matches are played each year in favour of Women's One Day Internationals and Women's Twenty20 Internationals, with the international calendar revolving around the shorter formats of the game.
Salafia
Salafia a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfredo Salafia (1869–1933) a Sicilian embalmer and taxidermist

Michael Salafia, Australian rugby league footballer of the 1990s

Vincent Salafia, Irish lawyer and environmentalist

Michael Salafia
Michael Salafia is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s for Eastern Suburbs and Gold Coast Chargers of the Australian Rugby League. He played at five-eighth.
Claas
CLAAS is an agricultural machinery manufacturer based in Harsewinkel, Germany, in the federal state of North Rhine Westphalia. Founded in 1913 by August Claas, CLAAS is a family business and one of the market and technology leaders in harvesting technology. It is the European market leader in combine harvesters and considered as world market leader in self-propelled forage harvesters. The product range also includes  tractors, balers, mowers, rakes, tedders, silage trailers, wheel loaders, telehandlers and other harvesting equipment as well as farming information technology. CLAAS employs around 11,500 employees worldwide and reported a turnover of roughly 3.9 billion euros in the 2019 financial year. About 78.5% of sales are generated outside of Germany.

Tedder (machine)
A tedder (also called hay tedder) is a machine used in haymaking. It is used after cutting and before windrowing, and uses moving forks to aerate or "wuffle" the hay and thus speed drying before baling or rolling. The use of a tedder allows the hay to dry ("cure") better, which prevents mildew or fermentation.
Hussain Bakhsh Jarra
Ayatollah Allama Hussain Bakhsh Jarra (5 January, 1918 – 1990) was a prominent Shia scholar from Punjab, Pakistan. He earned his degree of ijtihad from Hawza Elmiye Najaf, Iraq.

He wrote famous tafsir (exegesis) of Quran named by Anwar Najaf fi Asrar Najaf. It has 15 volumes. The 13 volumes (2 to 14) consist of exegesis of Quran from Surah Al-Fatiha to Surah Al-Nas and the First and Last volume i.e. 15 are about special features of Quranic Compilation History, Benefit of Chapters, Verses and Various other Topics.

Al-Fatiha
Al-Fatiḥa (Arabic: ٱلۡفَاتِحَةِ, romanized: al-Fātiḥa, lit. 'the Opening') is the first chapter (sura) of the Quran. It consists of seven verses (ayat) which consist of a prayer for guidance and mercy.

Al-Fatiḥa is recited in Muslim obligatory and voluntary prayers, known as ṣalah. The primary literal meaning of the expression "Al-Fatiḥa" is "The Opener/The Key".
The Lie of Nina Petrovna
The Lie of Nina Petrovna (French: Le mensonge de Nina Petrovna) is a 1937 French drama film directed by Viktor Tourjansky and starring Isa Miranda, Fernand Gravey and Aimé Clariond. It is a remake of the 1929 silent film The Wonderful Lies of Nina Petrovna with the setting moved from the Russian Empire to Imperial Vienna. The film's sets were designed by the art director Guy de Gastyne.

Victor Tourjansky
Victor Tourjansky (Russian: Виктор Туржанский 4 March 1891 – 13 August 1976), born Vyacheslav Konstantinovich Turzhansky (Russian: Вячеслав Константинович Туржанский), was a Russian actor, screenwriter and film director who emigrated after the Russian Revolution of 1917. He worked in France, Germany, Italy, and the United States.
John Davies (composer)
John Davies (13 November 1787 – 27 April 1855) was a Welsh stone mason and composer. Born at Banwen, Morriston, Glamorganshire, he began his career as a stone-mason, notably working both day and night. He married at the age of 24, and the couple moved into a house he built in Treboeth, Swansea.

He had been taught to play the dulcimer by a lodger at the age of about fourteen, but it was not until he was about thirty that he seriously began to study music, becoming both a performer and a composer.

His works include a number of anthems and hymn tunes, such as "Gethsemane" (Lleuad yr Oes, 1827), which was arranged by Rowland Huw Pritchard.

He died in 1855 in Llanelli, and was buried in Mynydd-bach cemetery.

Morriston
Morriston (/ˈmɒrɪstən/; Welsh: Treforys [trɛ'vɔrɪs]) is a community in the City and County of Swansea, and falls within the Morriston ward.

Morriston is sometimes referred to as a distinct town (for example, the local football club is named Morriston Town A.F.C.); however, it has yet to receive a town charter. It lies three miles northeast of the Swansea city centre and is considered part of the urbanised region. It is the most populous of Swansea's electoral divisions and is situated close to other communities including Plasmarl, Treboeth, Llansamlet, Cwmrhydyceirw, Clase, Ynystawe and Ynysforgan.
Akaki, Cyprus
Akaki (Greek: Ακάκι, Cypriot Dialect: Ακάτζι; Turkish Akaça) is a village in the Nicosia District of Cyprus.

In 2016 a major find was made of a 36 ft x 13 ft mosaic floor of a Roman villa depicting horse races in a hippodrome from a 4th c. AD villa.

Hippodrome
Hippodrome is a term sometimes used for public entertainment venues of various types. A modern example is the Hippodrome which opened in London in 1900 "combining circus, hippodrome, and stage performances".

The term hippodroming refers to fraudulent sporting competitions, such as in racing or baseball.