hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spanish ironclad Zaragoza
Zaragoza was a Spanish Navy (Armada Real) wooden-hulled armored frigate completed in 1868. She was the flagship of rebel forces during the Glorious Revolution of 1868 and took part in the Ten Years War in Cuba from 1869 to 1872. She participated in central government operations against the Canton of Cartagena during the Cantonal Rebellion of 1873–1874. She later served as a training ship and was stricken from the naval register in 1897.

Zaragoza was named for the Battle of Saragossa, which took place in 1710 during the War of the Spanish Succession.

Alfonso XII
Alfonso XII (Alfonso Francisco de Asís Fernando Pío Juan María de la Concepción Gregorio Pelayo de Borbón y Borbón; 28 November 1857 – 25 November 1885), also known as El Pacificador (Spanish: the Peacemaker), was King of Spain from 29 December 1874 to his death in 1885.

After the Glorious Revolution of 1868 deposed his mother Isabella II from the throne, Alfonso studied in Austria and France. His mother abdicated in his favour in 1870, and he returned to Spain as king in 1874 following a military coup against the First Spanish Republic. Alfonso died aged 27 in 1885, leaving his pregnant widow, Maria Christina of Austria, as regent of Spain. Their son, Alfonso XIII, became king upon his birth the following year. Maria Christina continued as regent until Alfonso XIII came of age in 1902.
Gigantatypus
Gigantatypus is an extinct late Maastrichtian sea turtle that lived in the southern regions of the Tethys Ocean about 100–120 kilometres (62–75 mi) off the north eastern margins of Cretaceous Africa immediately before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction events . Fossil remains of Gigantatypus are so far only represented in sediments from the Muwaqqar Chalk-Marl Formation of Jordan. Estimated at over 3.5 metres (11 ft) in length, members of this genus reached remarkably large proportions equivalent to that of or possibly even exceeding Archelon Wieland, 1896, considered as the largest marine turtles to ever roam the oceans of the world. Although Gigantatypus apparently did not survive the K/T boundary, which also was the fate of other gigantic marine turtles such as protostegids, other genera of Cheloniidae, though significantly smaller, survived the mass extinction and continued on until the present day.

Extinction event
An extinction event (also known as a mass extinction or biotic crisis) is a widespread and rapid decrease in the biodiversity on Earth. Such an event is identified by a sharp fall in the diversity and abundance of multicellular organisms. It occurs when the rate of extinction increases with respect to the background extinction rate and the rate of speciation.

Estimates of the number of major mass extinctions in the last 540 million years range from as few as five to more than twenty. These differences stem from disagreement as to what constitutes a "major" extinction event, and the data chosen to measure past diversity.
Bahman Nassim
Bahman Nassim (February, 1940 – January 28, 1980) was an Iranian record holder for the backstroke, as well as playing for the Iran men's water polo team between the years of 1958–1965. Bahman is known for his influence and early development of competitive swimming and water polo within Iran during the early 1960s, which ultimately led to successful teams in the 1970s. He also served as the Chief of Police for the city of Semnan, Iran, where he was arrested after the overthrow of the Shah, under charges of "Murder of persons and/or killing Muslims or/and freedom fighters". Bahman Nassim was executed by firing squad at dawn  on January 28, 1980, at Evin Prison, Tehran, Iran. He is survived by his wife and two daughters, who currently reside in Iran.

Semnan, Iran
Semnan (Persian: سمنان; pronounced [semˈnɒːn] ⓘ) is a city in the Central District of Semnan County, Semnan province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county and the district. The city is on the alluvial fan of the Golrudbar creek in the north-central part of the country, 216 km east of Tehran and 640 km west of Mashhad. With a population of 185,129 people in 2016, Semnan is the hub of the Semnani language, a sub-branch of the Iranian languages spoken to the north. It is home to the Semnani ethnic group.

Semnan offers various recreational activities; historical and religious sites; festivals, gardens and parks; and centers of higher education and Semnani culture. The city is the cultural and political capital of Semnan province. The city's main souvenirs are daffodil flowers, Shirmal pastry, Koloocheh cookies, kilim rugs, and shortbread.
Gold Medal for Italian Architecture
The Gold Medal for Italian Architecture, Italian: Medaglia d'oro all'architettura italiana, is a triennial Italian architecture prize. It has been awarded since 2003 by the Triennale di Milano in collaboration with the Ministero dei beni e delle attività culturali e del turismo (the Italian ministry of culture), and with MADE expo, a trade fair for the construction industry.

Recipients of the medal have been: Umberto Riva and PierPaolo Ricatti in 2003; the Renzo Piano Building Workshop in 2006; Doriana and Massimiliano Fuksas in 2009; Vincenzo Latina in 2012; and Massimo Carmassi and Università Iuav di Venezia in 2015. Four "career" medals were also awarded in 2015, to Mario Bellini, Luigi Caccia Dominioni, Franco Purini and Francesco Venezia.

Ministry of Culture (Italy)
The Ministry of Culture (Italian: Ministero della Cultura - MiC) is the ministry of the Government of Italy in charge of national museums and maintenance of historical monuments. MiC's headquarters are located in the historic Collegio Romano Palace (via del Collegio Romano 27, in central Rome) and the current Minister of Culture is Alessandro Giuli.
Antoinette Downing
Antoinette Forrester Downing (July 14, 1904 – May 9, 2001) was an American architectural historian and preservationist who wrote the standard reference work on historical houses in Rhode Island. She is credited with spearheading a movement that saved many of Providence's historic buildings from demolition in the mid 20th century and for her leadership was inducted into the Rhode Island Heritage Hall of Fame in 1978.

Preservationist
Preservationist is generally understood to mean historic preservationist: one who advocates to preserve architecturally or historically significant buildings, structures, objects, or sites from demolition or degradation. Historic preservation usually refers to the preservation of the built environment, not to the preservation of, for instance, primeval forests or wilderness.

Preservationist is, however, sometimes used descriptively in other contexts, notably with regard to language and the environment.
All Saints' Church (Taganrog)
All Saints' Church (Russian: Церковь Всех Святых) is a Russian Orthodox church in the city of Taganrog, Rostov Oblast, Russia. It belongs to the Diocese of Rostov and Novocherkassk of Moscow Patriarchate and was built in 1824.

Diocese of Rostov
The Diocese of Rostov and Novocherkassk (Russian: Ростовская и Новочеркасская епархия) is an eparchy of the Russian Orthodox Church. It is a part of the Don Archdiocese, founded in 2011 and consists of various parishes and monasteries in Southwestern Rostov Oblast.
El Diablo (nickname)
El Diablo, Spanish for "the Devil", is a nickname of the following:

Cristián Bejarano (born 1981), Mexican boxer

Claudio Chiappucci (born 1963), Italian former cyclist

Joël Despaigne (born 1966), Cuban retired volleyball player

Marco Etcheverry (born 1970), Bolivian retired footballer

José Antonio Fernández (born 1954), Mexican businessman

Angel Manfredy (born 1974), Puerto Rican former boxer

Luis Ernesto Michel (born 1979), Mexican football goalkeeper

Claudio Núñez (born 1975), Chilean retired footballer

Didi Senft (born 1952), German cyclist and inventor

Wells Thompson (born 1983), American soccer player

Willie Wells (1906-1989), American baseball player in the Negro leagues

Fabio Quartararo (1999-), French Motorcycle racer

Claudio Chiappucci
Claudio Chiappucci (born 28 February 1963 in Uboldo, Varese, Lombardy) is a retired Italian professional cyclist. He was on the podium three times in the Tour de France general classification: second in 1990, third in 1991 and second again in 1992.
L. P. Jai
Laxmidas Purshottamdas Jai pronunciationⓘ (1 April 1902 – 29 January 1968) was a major figure in Indian cricket between the wars.

Jai was born in a Gujarati family in Bombay. Jai was a graceful right-handed stroke-player. Most of his finer innings came in the Bombay Quadrangular competition. He captained Bombay to the title in the first-ever Ranji Trophy championship.

Because of the Hindu Gymkhana's opposition in protest against the jailing of Indian political leaders, Jai along with Vijay Merchant and Champak Mehta were unavailable for trial matches to select the Indian team that tours England in 1932. The tour included India's first ever Test match. His only Test was the first ever in India. He toured England in 1936 but a broken finger restricted his appearances.

He was a selector in the 1950s, before resigning over a dispute during the 1958/59 series against West Indies. The trophy awarded to the scorer of the fastest hundred in Ranji trophy every season was named after him.

Bombay Tournament (cricket)
The Bombay Tournament was an annual cricket competition held in British India between 1892 and 1946. Until 1936, matches were played on either the Gymkhana Ground in Bombay or the Deccan Gymkhana Ground in Poona, and then at the Brabourne Stadium in Bombay until the tournament was terminated in 1946. The tournament was known variously as the Bombay Presidency Match, Bombay Triangular, Bombay Quadrangular, and Bombay Pentangular, depending on the number of competing teams.
2022 Canadian honours
The following are the appointments to various Canadian honours of 2022. Usually, they are announced as part of the New Year and Canada Day celebrations and are published within the Canada Gazette during the year. This follows the custom set out within the United Kingdom which publishes its appoints of various British Honours for New Year's and for monarch's official birthday. However, instead of the midyear appointments announced on Victoria Day, the official birthday of the Canadian Monarch, this custom has been transferred with the celebration of Canadian Confederation and the creation of the Order of Canada.

However, as the Canada Gazette publishes appointment to various orders, decorations and medal, either Canadian or from Commonwealth and foreign states, this article will reference all Canadians so honoured during the 2022 calendar year.

The first appointments to the Order of Canada were announced on December 29, 2021.

Joy MacPhail
Joy Kathryn MacPhail CM OBC (born March 6, 1952) is a former Canadian politician in British Columbia. A longtime member of the British Columbia New Democratic Party, she served as a member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) from 1991 to 2005 and as a Minister of the Crown from 1993 to 1999, and 2000–2001 including as Deputy Premier.
Maksim Nedasekau
Maksim Yuryevich Nedasekau (Belarusian: Максім Юр’евіч Недасекаў; born 21 January 1998) is a Belarusian athlete specialising in the high jump and praporshchik of the Sports Committee of the Armed Forces of Belarus. He was the bronze medallist at the 2020 Olympic Games. He also won the gold medals at the 2021 European Indoor Championships, 2019 European U23 Championships and 2017 European U20 Championships.

In 2019, he won the silver medal in the team event at the 2019 European Games.

His personal bests are 2.37 metres outdoors (2020 Olympic Games) and 2.37 metres indoors (Toruń 2021).

Athletics at the 2019 European Games
Athletics at the 2019 European Games took place at the Dinamo Stadium between 23 and 28 June 2019. For the first time in an international event, a new competition format called Dynamic New Athletics (DNA) was contested.
Pankowski
Pankowski is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Annie Pankowski (born 1994), American ice hockey player

Marian Pankowski (1919–2011), Polish writer, poet, literary critic and translator

Rafał Pankowski (born 1976), Polish sociologist and political scientist

Rafał Pankowski
Rafał Pankowski is a Polish sociologist and political scientist. Pankowski is a Phd and associate professor at Collegium Civitas, as well as the head of "Never Again" Association's East Europe Monitoring Center. He is also the deputy editor of Never Again's (Nigdy Wiecej) magazine. He is also involved in monitoring football hooliganism as part of UEFA's Fare network.

Pankowski's area of expertise include right-wing extremism and nationalism in Poland. He has offered commentary on topics like radical and far right, racism, hate speech, and extremism.

In 2018, he was a visiting professor at the Centre for European Studies of Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok (Thailand).
2016–17 Fordham Rams men's basketball team
The 2016–17 Fordham Rams men's basketball team represented Fordham University during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Rams, led by second-year head coach Jeff Neubauer, played their home games at Rose Hill Gymnasium in The Bronx, New York as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. They finished the season 13–19, 7–11 in A-10 play to finish in tenth place. They received the No. 10 seed in the A-10 tournament where they lost in the second round to George Mason.

2017 Atlantic 10 men's basketball tournament
The 2017 Atlantic 10 men's basketball tournament is the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Atlantic 10 Conference. It was held March 8–12, 2017 at PPG Paints Arena in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The championship was won by Rhode Island who defeated VCU in the championship game. As a result, Rhode Island received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament.
Sarasohn
Sarasohn is a surname of Jewish origin. Notable people with the surname include:

David Sarasohn

Homer Sarasohn (1916–2001), American engineer

Kasriel Hirsch Sarasohn (1835–1905), American journalist

Kasriel Hirsch Sarasohn
Kasriel Hirsch Sarasohn (1835 – January 12, 1905) was an American journalist who published several newspapers in New York. He was also known as Kasriel Tzvi Sarasohn, with Tzvi being the Hebrew version of the Yiddish Hirsch, His publishing organizatoion was a partnership with his wife, Bashe, and her brother, Mordechai Yahlomstein.
Margarita (Elodie song)
"Margarita" is a song recorded by Italian singer Elodie and Italian rapper Marracash, written by the latter with Lorenzo Fragola, Carl Brave, and Franco126, and produced by Takagi & Ketra. The song was released by Island Records on 12 June 2019 as the fourth single from Elodie's third studio album This Is Elodie (2020).

It peaked at number 6 on the Italian singles chart and was certified triple platinum in Italy.

Carl Brave
Carlo Luigi Coraggio (born 23 September 1989), better known as Carl Brave, is an Italian singer-songwriter, rapper and record producer.

He rose to fame in 2017, as part of the duo Carl Brave x Franco126, with the album Polaroid. As a solo artist he released two album, Notti brave (2018), which topped the Italian Albums Chart, and Coraggio (2020). As of 2020, the singer has sold over 2 million copies in Italy, thanks to successful singles and collaborations "Fotografia" with Francesca Michielin and Fabri Fibra, Elisa's single "Vivere tutte le vite", "Posso" with Max Gazzè and "Makumba" with Noemi.
Dummy rummy
Dummy rummy is a variation of rummy for two to four players. It is played with two standard decks of cards, including four jokers, for a total of 108 cards. The jokers and twos are wild. It appears to be of American origin and may be copyrighted.

Joker (playing card)
The Joker is a playing card found in most modern French-suited card decks, as an addition to the standard four suits (Clubs, Diamonds, Hearts, and Spades). Since the second half of the 20th century, they have also been found in Spanish- and Italian-suited decks, excluding stripped decks.

The Joker originated in the United States during the Civil War, and was created as a trump card for the game of Euchre. It has since been adopted into many other card games, where it often acts as a wild card, but may have other functions such as the top trump, a skip card (forcing another player to miss a turn), the lowest-ranking card, the highest-value card, or a card of a different value from the rest of the pack (see e.g. Zwicker which has six Jokers with this function).

By contrast, a wild card is any card that may be used to represent another card or cards – it does not need to be a Joker.
Lavvu
A lavvu (or Northern Sami: lávvu, Lule Sami: låvdagoahte, Inari Sami: láávu, Skolt Sami: kååvas, Kildin Sami: коавас (kåvas), Finnish: kota or umpilaavu, Norwegian: lavvo or sametelt, and Swedish: kåta) is a temporary dwelling used by the Sami people of northern extremes of Northern Europe. It has a design similar to a Native American tipi but is less vertical and more stable in high winds. It enables the indigenous cultures of the treeless plains of northern Scandinavia and the high arctic of Eurasia to follow their reindeer herds. It is still used as a temporary shelter by the Sami, and increasingly by other people for camping. It should not be confused with the goahti, another type of Sami dwelling, or the Finnish laavu.

Inari Sámi language
Inari Sámi (Inari Sami: anarâškielâ, lit. 'the Inarian language' or aanaarsämikielâ, 'the Inari (Aanaar) Sámi language') is a Sámi language spoken by the Inari Sámi of Finland. As of 2018, Inari Sámi has approximately 400 speakers, the majority of whom are middle-aged or older and live in the municipality of Inari. According to the Sámi Parliament of Finland, 269 persons used Inari Sámi as their first language. It is the only Sámi language that is spoken exclusively in Finland. The language is classified as being seriously endangered, as few children learn it; however, more and more children are learning it in language nests.
Solange de Ganay
Marie Madeleine Jacqueline Solange de Ganay (1902 – 25 August 2003) was a French ethnologist focusing on the Dogon people of Mali and West Africa.

Born into an aristocratic family, she gained an interest in African affairs through traveling in the region and meeting the individuals who lived there. In the 1930s, de Ganay took ethnographic classes with Marcel Mauss at École pratique des hautes études, and she was one of the first women to work in the field with Marcel Griaule. During World War II, she worked as an ambulance driver while also finishing her post-secondary studies. 1946 saw her return to field work, organizing annual voyages to Mali until an accident in 1956 limited her travel.

The Dogon people, the Bambara people, and the diverse world of Mali were all areas of scholarship for de Ganay: she wrote several articles and books on their religious and spiritual practices.

She married Charles de Breteuil, a French businessman, and had one child, Michel.

Ethnology
Ethnology (from the Ancient Greek: ἔθνος, ethnos meaning 'nation') is an academic field and discipline that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them (compare cultural, social, or sociocultural anthropology).
Virgin Islands at the 1984 Summer Olympics
The United States Virgin Islands competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States.  The nation returned to the Summer Games after participating in the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics. 29 competitors, 26 men and 3 women, took part in 31 events in 7 sports.

Shelley Cramer
Shelley Cramer (born October 21, 1961) is a former swimmer. She competed at the 1976, 1984 and the 1992 Summer Olympics representing the United States Virgin Islands. She was the first woman to represent the United States Virgin Islands at the Olympics.
Matt Crouch (footballer)
Matt Crouch (born 21 April 1995) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Adelaide Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He was recruited by the Adelaide Football Club with pick 23 in the 2013 national draft. Crouch won the Malcolm Blight Medal in 2017, a year where Adelaide finished first on the ladder. He is the younger brother of former teammate Brad Crouch.

2013 AFL draft
The 2013 AFL draft consisted of six opportunities for player acquisitions throughout the 2013–14 Australian Football League (AFL) off-season. This included the 2013 free agency period (4–18 October), 2013 trade period (7–25 October), three separate delisted player free agency periods (1–25 November), the 2013 national draft held at the Gold Coast Convention Centre (21 November), as well as the 2014 pre-season and rookie drafts (27 November).
Christoph Breitkreuz
Christoph Breitkreuz is a German geologist, academic, and author. He is an Emeritus Professor of Geology at the Freiberg University of Mining and Technology. His major contributions and research work are in the area of sedimentology, volcanology, geotectonics, and magmatic petrology. He has co-authored two undergraduate textbooks, titled Grundlagen der Geologie and Entwicklung des Systems Erde. and co-edited a science textbook, titled Physical geology of shallow magmatic systems.

Breitkreuz co-founded the Centre for Volcanic Textures (CVT) in 2001 at TU Bergakademie Freiberg. He also founded a series of workshops on Physical Geology, called LASI (Laccoliths and Sills).

Petrology
Petrology (from Ancient Greek  πέτρος (pétros) 'rock' and  -λογία (-logía) 'study of') is the branch of geology that studies rocks, their mineralogy, composition, texture, structure and the conditions under which they form. Petrology has three subdivisions: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary petrology. Igneous and metamorphic petrology are commonly taught together because both make heavy use of chemistry, chemical methods, and phase diagrams. Sedimentary petrology is commonly taught together with stratigraphy because it deals with the processes that form sedimentary rock. Modern sedimentary petrology is making increasing use of chemistry.
Dhuliyan
Dhuliyan is a municipality town in the Samserganj block of Jangipur subdivision of Murshidabad district in the state of West Bengal, India. This municipality was established in the year 1909 and comprises 21 wards. It is located between the Ganges and the Feeder canal.

Dhuliyan has been mentioned as an inland water transport (IWT) trading point between Murshidabad and the city of Rajshahi in Bangladesh. Low-cost barges could ply the Ganges river, called Padma in downstream Bangladesh, exchanging goods and reducing smuggling. This proposal has not been agreed to yet by the two countries.

Padma River
The Padma (Bengali: পদ্মা, romanized: Pôdmā) is a major river in Bangladesh. It is the eastern and main distributary of the Ganges, flowing generally southeast for 356 kilometres (221 mi) to its confluence with the Meghna River, near the Bay of Bengal. The city of Rajshahi is situated on the banks of the river. Since 1966, over 66,000 hectares of land have been lost to erosion of the Padma.