hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saint-Louis-du-Sud
Saint-Louis-du-Sud (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ lwi dy syd]; Haitian Creole: Sen Lwi disid) is a coastal commune in the Aquin Arrondissement, in the Sud department of Haiti. Home to Fort des Oliviers, Fort Anglais and Bonnet Carré, the town is also the location of the 1748 Battle of Saint-Louis-du-Sud. Saint Louis du Sud is home to over 64,924 inhabitants.

Departments of Haiti
In the administrative divisions of Haiti, the department (French: département d'Haïti, pronounced [depaʁtəmɑ̃ d‿aiti]; Haitian Creole: depatman Ayiti) is the first of four levels of government. Haiti is divided administratively into ten departments, which are further subdivided into 42 arrondissements, 145 communes, and 571 communal sections.

In 2014, there was a proposal by the Chamber of Deputies to increase the number of departments from 10 to 14 —perhaps as high as 16.
Ligulella
Ligulella is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish that lived in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo during the Middle Jurassic epoch. It contains one species, Ligulella sluysi. Ligulella is the only member of the family Ligulellidae and the order Ligulelliformes.

Middle Jurassic
The Middle Jurassic is the second epoch of the Jurassic Period. It lasted from about 174.1 to 161.5 million years ago. Fossils of land-dwelling animals, such as dinosaurs, from the Middle Jurassic are relatively rare, but geological formations containing land animal fossils include the Forest Marble Formation in England, the Kilmaluag Formation in Scotland, the Calcaire de Caen of France, the Daohugou Beds in China, the Itat Formation in Russia, the Tiourarén Formationof Niger, and the Isalo III Formation of western Madagascar. Rocks of the Middle Jurassic were formerly (until about 1980s) in Europe called Dogger or Brown Jurassic.
Leishmania
Leishmania (/liːʃˈmeɪniə, -ˈmæn-/) is a genus of parasitic protozoans, single-celled eukaryotic organisms of the trypanosomatid group that are responsible for the disease leishmaniasis. The parasites are transmitted by sandflies of the genus Phlebotomus in the Old World, and of the genus Lutzomyia in the New World. There are 53 species and about 20 of them are responsible for human infections. They are transmitted by around 100 species of sandflies. The primary hosts are vertebrates. They commonly infect hyraxes, canids, rodents, and humans.

Phlebotominae
The Phlebotominae are a subfamily of the family Psychodidae. In several countries, their common name is sandfly, but that name is also applied to other flies. The Phlebotominae include many genera of blood-feeding (hematophagous) flies, including the primary vectors of leishmaniasis, bartonellosis, and pappataci fever.

Sandflies are small; a body size of about 3 mm in length is typical for many species, which aids them in escaping notice. Their bite is not always felt, but leaves a small, round, reddish bump that starts itching hours or days later.  Use of insect repellent is recommended in areas where sandflies are present.
Andhra Pradesh Committee of Communist Revolutionaries (Chandra Pulla Reddy)
Andhra Pradesh Committee of Communist Revolutionaries was a communist group in Andhra Pradesh, India, led by Chandra Pulla Reddy. The group was formed through a split away from the original APCCR led by T. Nagi Reddy in 1971. In 1975 the organisation merged into the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) led by Satyanarayan Singh.

Satyanarayan Singh (Bihar politician, died 1984)
Satyanarayan Singh (Hindi: सत्यनारायण सिंह, commonly known as SNS) was an Indian communist politician. Singh was one of the early leaders of the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist), being its secretary in Bihar.

Satyanarayan Singh hailed from Bhojpur, Bihar. As of 1948 Singh was an underground cadre of the Communist Party of India.
Margaret Ann Gaug
Margaret Ann Gaug (1909–1994) was an American artist known primarily for her etchings but also for her decorations and illustrative art. Gaug was a member of Chicago Society of Etchers and the Prairie Printmakers of California and Illinois. Her work is included in the collections of the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Memphis Brooks Museum of Art and the Philadelphia Museum of Art.

Chicago Society of Etchers
Chicago Society of Etchers was founded in January 1910.  Although it was not the first organization of etchers in the country (preceded by groups beginning with the New York Etchers (later Etching) Club in 1877), it was certainly noteworthy.  There were 20 members to start and by 1930 there were 150 members. Membership extended outside of the United States, including artists from England, France, Italy, Germany, Sweden, India, China and Japan.
Spoerer
Spoerer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alberto Spoerer (1926–2015), Chilean surgeon and politician

Manuel José Ossandón (born 1962), Chilean politician

Patricia Spoerer (born 1972), Chilean politician

Raúl Spoerer Carmona (1908–1985), Chilean naval engineer, businessman, and politician

Raúl Spoerer
Raúl Spoerer Carmona (19 May 1908 – 15 March 1985) was a Chilean naval engineer, businessman, and liberal politician.

He served as Deputy of the Republic for the 17th Departmental Grouping (Concepción, Tomé, Talcahuano, Coronel and Yumbel) during the 1957–1961 legislative period.
2014 Rajya Sabha elections
Rajya Sabha elections were held on three dates in 2014, to elect members of the Rajya Sabha, Indian Parliament's upper chamber. The elections were held in February, June, and November to elect respectively 55, 6, and 11 of its 245 members, from 16 of the States. They are held by an open ballot (for public scrutiny) on a single transferable vote (STV) basis among State legislators.  Being even-numbered, 2014 was a year in which about 30% of the State Legislature-elected 233-seat component of the body is elected.

In addition to the 72 seats re-filled in this year of the six-year cycle (as the term of seat tenure is six years), 13 by-elections were held in 2014.

As of 2020, this is the last year in which the Bharatiya Janata Party has lost seats.

Upper house
An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house. The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restricted power than the lower house. A legislature composed of only one house (and which therefore has neither an upper house nor a lower house) is described as unicameral.
Rēzekne Castle
Rēzekne Castle ruins (German: Burg Rositten) are located in the downtown of Rēzekne, Latvia, a city in the center of Latgale. The castle served as a base of the local Livonian order landlords until the 16th century and also as the main military support base for battles against Russians and Lithuanians. Today, fragments of the stone walls and the foundation can be seen on the ancient castle hill.

Landlord
A landlord is the owner of property such as a farm, house, apartment, condominium, land, or real estate that is rented or leased to an individual or business, known as a tenant (also called a lessee or renter). The term landlord applies when a juristic person occupies this position. Alternative terms include lessor and owner. For female property owners, the term landlady may be used. In the United Kingdom, the manager of a pub, officially a licensed victualler, is also referred to as the landlord/landlady. In political economy, landlord specifically refers to someone who owns natural resources (such as land, excluding buildings) from which they derive economic rent, a form of passive income.
Binani Cement
Binani Cement Limited is an Indian company engaged in the production and sales of cement and clinker, based in Mumbai. It is the flagship subsidiary of Binani Industries Ltd. The company is certified as ISO9001, ISO14001 and OHSAS18001 compliant. The company's subsidiaries include Krishna Holdings Pte Limited, Muku, Dubai (BCFLLC).

Calcutta High Court issued an order for the winding up of Binani Industries Ltd, the holding company of Binani Cement Ltd, due to its default on paying Rs5.65 crore to the advertising agency Milestone Brandcom Pvt Ltd.

Clinker (waste)
Clinker is a generic name given to waste from industrial processes, particularly those that involve smelting metals, welding, burning fossil fuels and use of a blacksmith's forge, which commonly causes a large buildup of clinker around the tuyere. Clinker often forms a loose, dark deposit consisting of waste materials such as coke, coal, slag, charcoal, and grit.  Clinker often has a glassy look to it, usually because of the formation of molten silica compounds during processing. Clinker generally is much denser than coke, and, unlike coke, generally contains too little carbon to be of any value as fuel.  It is also applied to the byproduct of combustion and heating by those who use anthracite or lignite coal-fired boilers.

Clinkers can occur naturally, for example in underground deposits of coal that have been altered by heat from coal-seam fires and nearby molten magma; volcanic clinkers are jagged pieces of lava that look similar to industrial clinker.
Andreas Suchanek
Andreas Suchanek (born August 12, 1961, in Stadthagen, Germany) is a German economy and business ethicist and one of the best-known students of Karl Homann, an expert in business ethics.

He is an economist as well as an expert in business and economy ethics. As academic disciple of Karl Homann he contributed substantially to Homanns teaching regarding the approach of institutional economics toward business ethics, which not only plays an important part at Universities and international business schools but also in the economy, politics and the society.

Stadthagen
Stadthagen (German pronunciation: [ʃtatˈhaːɡn̩] ⓘ) is the capital of the district of Schaumburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 20 km east of Minden and 40 km west of Hanover. The city consists of the districts Brandenburg, Enzen-Hobbensen, Hörkamp-Langenbruch, Krebshagen, Obernwöhren, Probsthagen, Reinsen and Wendthagen-Ehlen. Earlier, there were also the districts Habichhorst, Bruchhof, Blyinghausen, Enzen and Hobbensen.

Stadthagen is located on the German Timber-Frame Road.
Copake Lake, New York
Copake Lake is a community (and census-designated place) in southern Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 767 at the 2020 census.

The community is named after Copake Lake, a lake by the west town line of the town of Copake. Copake means "snake pond" in the native language.

Copake Lake is located about 95 miles (153 km) north of New York City and is an area of second homes.

Holiday cottage
A holiday cottage, holiday home, vacation home, or vacation property is accommodation used for holiday vacations, corporate travel, and temporary housing often for less than 30 days.  Such properties are typically small homes, such as cottages, that travelers can rent and enjoy as if it were their own home for the duration of their stay.  The properties may be owned by those using them for a vacation, in which case the term second home applies; or may be rented out to holidaymakers through an agency.

Terminology varies among countries.  In the United Kingdom this type of property is usually termed a holiday home or holiday cottage; in Australia, a holiday house/home, or weekender; in New Zealand, a bach or crib.
Amador Central Railroad
The Amador Central Railroad (reporting mark AMC) was a standard gauge railroad that operated 11.8 miles (19.0 km) between a connection with the Southern Pacific Company (SP) at Ione and Martell near the town of Jackson, California.  The carrier served the Sierra Nevada Foothills gold mining communities and hauled lumber products from the El Dorado National Forest.  Amador is the name of the county in which the railroad operated.

Jackson, California
Jackson (formerly, Botilleas, Botilleas Spring, Bottileas, Bottle Spring, and Botellas) is a city in and the county seat of Amador County, California. Its population was 5,019 at the 2020 census, up from 4,651 at the 2010 census. The city is accessible by both State Route 49 and State Route 88.
Aserb: The Squadron
Aserb: The Squadron (Arabic: السرب) is a 2024 Egyptian action film directed by Ahmed Nader Galal and written by Omar Abdel Halim. The film stars Ahmed El Sakka, Amr Abdulgalil, and Kosai Khauli. Its story is based on true events of the Egyptian National Security Agency's response to the 2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya.

Ahmed Nader Galal
Ahmed Nader Galal (born June 13, 1970) is an Egyptian film director who grew up in an artistic family. He is the son of director Nader Galal and the grandson of director Ahmed Galal, whom he is named after. His grandmother is the actress Mary Queeny.

He studied directing at the Higher Institute of Cinema in Cairo, graduating in 1997.
Oblivion (1994 film)
Oblivion is a 1994 space Western film directed by Sam Irvin and written by Peter David from a story by Charles Band, John Rheaume, Greg Suddeth, and Mark Goldstein.

The film, starring Richard Joseph Paul, Andrew Divoff, George Takei, Julie Newmar, Musetta Vander, Isaac Hayes and Meg Foster, follows a sheriff's son who defends a futuristic Western town from a reptilian alien. Despite negative reviews, a sequel, Oblivion 2: Backlash, was released in 1996.

Andrew Divoff
Andrew Daniel Divoff (born July 2, 1955) is an American actor and producer. Divoff has played many villains in film and on television, including drug cartel leaders, terrorists, and organized crime bosses, though he is best known for playing the evil Djinn/Nathaniel Demerest in the first two Wishmaster films. Other noteworthy film and television roles include the villains Luis Cali in Toy Soldiers, Cherry Ganz in Another 48 Hrs., Ernesto Mendoza in A Low Down Dirty Shame, Boris Bazylev in Air Force One, M (Mephistopheles) in Faust: Love of the Damned, Ivan Sarnoff in CSI: Miami, Mikhail Bakunin in Lost, and Karakurt in The Blacklist.
Mariina skála
Mariina skála (German: Marienfels) is a 428 m rocky hill in the Czech Republic, located in the region of Bohemian Switzerland not far from Jetřichovice. It was named in the 19th century after Princess Marie Kinsky. Before that, the hill was known as the "Spitzgestein" or "Grosser Spitziger". The hill is one of the best viewing points in Bohemian Switzerland.

In 1856 a wooden refuge hut was erected on the hilltop by Ferdinand Bonaventura, 7th Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau, that acted as a fire observation tower. In the night of 9 September 2005 the hut was badly damaged by a forest fire. The cost of the damage came to 200,000 CZK.
Another forest fire in the area of the Marienfelsen occurred on 22 July 2006. The hut - that had been replaced just three weeks earlier - escaped further damage.

The Kinsky family did a lot of work in the 19th century in opening up the rock landscape around Jetřichovice.

Kinsky
The House of Kinsky (formerly Vchynští, sg. Vchynský in Czech; later (in modern Czech) Kinští, sg. Kinský; German: Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau) is a prominent European noble family originating in the Kingdom of Bohemia. During the Thirty Years' War, the Kinsky family rose from minor nobles to comital rank (1628) and later princely status (1747) under the rule of the Habsburgs. The family, recorded in the Almanach de Gotha, is considered to have been one of the most illustrious in the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Golden Pacific Airlines (1969–1973)
Golden Pacific Airlines was a regional airline headquartered in San Francisco, California that operated flights to cities in the Redwood Empire and Central Valley between 1969 and 1973. It was founded by Floyd Braeseke, a former air force pilot.

Golden Pacific began service in March 1969 with flights from Ukiah and Santa Rosa to San Francisco International Airport. The airline served 15 cities by 1970, but was found by the California Public Utilities Commission to have operated at a loss for its first 16 months.

In 1972, Golden Pacific was reported to have sold four of its Beech 99 aircraft it had used on its scheduled northern California services, and was leasing two Twin Otters from Golden West Airlines pending approval from the Civil Aeronautics Board of an application to operate the Corvair 600. This application was denied later the same year.

North Coast (California)
The North Coast of California (also called the Redwood Empire or the Redwood Coast in reference to the dense redwood forests throughout the region) is a region in Northern California that lies on the Pacific coast between San Francisco Bay and the Oregon border. It commonly includes Mendocino, Humboldt, and Del Norte counties and sometimes includes Lake and two counties from the San Francisco Bay Area, Marin and Sonoma.
Aloeides dryas
Aloeides dryas, the Transvaal copper, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in southern Africa, where it is known from northern KwaZulu-Natal, Eswatini and Mpumalanga, and along the Drakensberg to the Wolkberg range in Limpopo province.

The wingspan is 26–31 mm for males and 28–34 mm females. There are several generations in the warmer months, with adults on wing from September to as late as June with peaks in November and February.

The larvae feed on Lotononis species, a genus of legumes. They are associated with ants of the genus Lepisiota.

Lotononis
Lotononis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae and the tribe Crotalarieae. The genus includes 99 species of annual and perennial herbs, native to the southeastern Europe (Greece and Bulgaria) and Turkey, eastern Africa (Ethiopia to Malawi), and southern Africa (Angola and Zimbabwe to South Africa).
Short worm eel
The short worm eel (Moringua abbreviata) is an eel in the family Moringuidae (spaghetti eels). It was described by Pieter Bleeker in 1863, originally under the genus Aphthalmichthys. It is a tropical marine eel found in the Indo-Pacific, including Laccadives, the Ryukyu Islands, the Philippines, the Marshall Islands, Samoa, and Indonesia. It is known to inhabit reefs. Males can reach a maximum total length of 33 cm.

Pieter Bleeker
Pieter Bleeker (10 July 1819 – 24 January 1878) was a Dutch medical doctor, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. He was famous for the Atlas Ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Néêrlandaises, his monumental work on the fishes of East Asia published between 1862 and 1877.
Phosphoglycerate kinase
Phosphoglycerate kinase (EC 2.7.2.3) (PGK 1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transfer of a phosphate group from 1,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid (1,3-BPG) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) producing 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PG) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP):

Like all kinases it is a transferase. PGK is a major enzyme used in glycolysis, in the first ATP-generating step of the glycolytic pathway. In gluconeogenesis, the reaction catalyzed by PGK proceeds in the opposite direction, generating ADP and 1,3-BPG.

In humans, two isozymes of PGK have been so far identified, PGK1 and PGK2. The isozymes have 87-88% identical amino acid sequence identity and though they are structurally and functionally similar, they have different localizations: PGK2, encoded by an autosomal gene, is unique to meiotic and postmeiotic spermatogenic cells, while PGK1, encoded on the X-chromosome, is ubiquitously expressed in all cells.

X chromosome
The X chromosome is one of the two sex chromosomes in many organisms, including mammals, and is found in both males and females. It is a part of the XY sex-determination system and XO sex-determination system. The X chromosome was named for its unique properties by early researchers, which resulted in the naming of its counterpart Y chromosome, for the next letter in the alphabet, following its subsequent discovery.
Rutland Park, Calgary
Rutland Park is an inner city residential neighbourhood in the southwest quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. It is bounded to the north by Richmond Road and 33 Avenue, to the east by Crowchild Trail, to the south by Glenmore Trail and to the west by 37 Street W.

The area was annexed to the City of Calgary in 1910 (under the name Sarcee Park ) and Rutland Park was established in 1952. It is represented in the Calgary City Council by the Ward 11 councillor.

Residential area
A residential area is a land used in which housing predominates, as opposed to industrial and commercial areas.

Housing may vary significantly between, and through, residential areas. These include single-family housing, multi-family residential, or mobile homes. Zoning for residential use may permit some services or work opportunities or may totally exclude business and industry. It may permit high density land use or only permit low density uses.  Residential zoning usually includes a smaller FAR (floor area ratio) than business, commercial or industrial/manufacturing zoning. The area may be large or small.
Kaladipet metro station
Kaladipet (formerly known as Thangal Metro station) is an elevated metro station on the North-South Corridor of the Line 1 Extension of the Blue Line of Chennai Metro in Chennai, India. This station will serve the neighbourhoods of Kaladipet and other northern suburbs of Chennai.

Blue Line (Chennai Metro)
The Blue Line is one of the two operational lines of Chennai Metro apart from the Green line, in Chennai, India. The line stretches from Chennai Airport to Wimco Nagar Depot, covering a distance of 32.65 km (20.29 mi). The line consists of 26 stations out of which 13 stations are underground and the rest are elevated or on ground level. In May 2018, operations on the blue line commenced between Saidapet and AG-DMS with the extended underground stretch from AG-DMS to Washermanpet of blue line commencing operations on 10 February 2019 completing the phase 1 of the metro.
Siva Athreya
Siva Ramachandran Athreya (born 1971) is an Indian probability theorist specialising in statistical physics and population biology.

He graduated in mathematics from St Stephen's College, Delhi, went to the Indian Statistical Institute in Kolkata and Bangalore where he completed his master's, and obtained his PhD degree from the University of Washington in 1998 under the supervision of Krzysztof  Burdzy. He was awarded the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology in 2012, the highest science award in India, in the mathematical sciences category.

Population biology
The term population biology has been used with different meanings.

In 1971, Edward O. Wilson et al. used the term in the sense of applying mathematical models to population genetics, community ecology, and population dynamics. Alan Hastings used the term in 1997 as the title of his book on the mathematics used in population dynamics. The name was also used for a course given at UC Davis in the late 2010s, which describes it as an interdisciplinary field combining the areas of ecology and evolutionary biology. The course includes mathematics, statistics, ecology, genetics, and systematics. Numerous types of organisms are studied.

The journal Theoretical Population Biology is published.