hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Physciella
Physciella is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. Circumscribed by the lichenologist Ted Esslinger in 1986, it is distinguished from the similar genera Physcia and Phaeophyscia by its prosoplectenchymatous (comprising long, narrow, wavy, parallel hyphae) lower cortex, the lack of the secondary metabolite (lichen product) atranorin in the upper cortex, and short, ellipsoid-shaped conidia.

Atranorin
Atranorin is a chemical substance produced by some species of lichen. It is a secondary metabolite belonging to a group of compounds known as depsides. Atranorin has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties. In rare cases, people can have an allergic reaction to atranorin.
2009 Challenger de Providencia – Doubles
Eduardo Schwank and Mariano Hood were the defending champions of the Challenger de Providencia, but they chose to not participate in the 2009 tournament.
Horacio Zeballos and Sebastián Prieto won in the final 7–6(2), 6–2, against Flávio Saretta and Rogério Dutra da Silva.

Eduardo Schwank
Eduardo Jonatan Schwank (Spanish pronunciation: [eˈðwaɾðo ˈʃwaŋk]; also known as Schwanka; born 23 April 1986) is a retired professional tennis player from Argentina. In 2011, he reached the finals of the French Open in men's doubles partnering Juan Sebastián Cabal and of the US Open in mixed doubles partnering Gisela Dulko. He was coached by Javier Nalbandian, the brother of David Nalbandian.

Schwank's family background is from the German-speaking part of Switzerland.
Helen Macfarlane
Helen Macfarlane (25 September 1818 – 29 March 1860) was a Scottish Chartist, early feminist journalist, and a philosopher. She is best known for creating, in 1850, the first English translation of The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, which had been published in German in 1848. From April to December 1850, she contributed three essays for George Julian Harney's monthly, the Democratic Review, and ten articles for his weekly paper, The Red Republican.

In 1851 she "disappeared" from the political scene. Until research in the 21st century by Macfarlane biographer David Black, and by BBC Radio Scotland broadcaster Louise Yeoman, very little was known about many parts of Macfarlane's life. Yeoman wrote of her in 2012: "It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a period drama must be in want of a feisty heroine who finds love at last. But our heroine, Helen Macfarlane was no fictional character and her life would have shocked Jane Austen's smocks off."

BBC Radio Scotland
BBC Radio Scotland is a Scottish national radio network owned and operated by BBC Scotland, a division of the BBC. It broadcasts a wide variety of programmes. It replaced the Scottish BBC Radio 4 opt-out service of the same name from 23 November 1978. The station is broadcast from the BBC Scotland studios at Pacific Quay in Glasgow.

Radio Scotland is broadcast in English, whilst sister station Radio nan Gàidheal broadcasts in Scottish Gaelic.

According to RAJAR, the station broadcasts to a weekly audience of 793,000 and has a listening share of 5.7% as of October 2025.

Since August 2025, the station has been led by Victoria Easton-Riley, a former Bauer executive.
Kappa Gruis
κ Gruis, Latinised as Kappa Gruis, is a solitary star in the southern constellation of Grus. With an apparent magnitude of 5.37, it is visible to the naked eye as a dim, orange-hued point. The distance to this system, as determined from an annual parallax shift of 8.87 mas as seen from the Earth, is roughly 368 light years. It is drifting further away with a heliocentric radial velocity of +18 km/s. It is a member of the Arcturus moving group.

This is an evolved K-type giant star on the asymptotic giant branch with a stellar classification of K5 III. With the supply of hydrogen at its core exhausted, it has expanded and now spans 29.6 times the radius of the Sun. It is radiating 200 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 3,990 K.

Asymptotic giant branch
The asymptotic giant branch (AGB) is a region of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram populated by evolved cool luminous stars. This is a period of stellar evolution undertaken by all low- to intermediate-mass stars (about 0.5 to 8 solar masses) late in their lives.

Observationally, an asymptotic-giant-branch star will appear as a bright red giant with a luminosity ranging up to thousands of times greater than the Sun. Its interior structure is characterized by a central and largely inert core of carbon and oxygen, a shell where helium is undergoing fusion to form carbon (known as helium burning), another shell where hydrogen is undergoing fusion forming helium (known as hydrogen burning), and a very large envelope of material of composition similar to main-sequence stars (except in the case of carbon stars).
Picoo Z
The Picoo Z (also sold under the brand name of Air Hogs Havoc Heli in North America) is a miniature remote-controlled 2-channel helicopter manufactured by Hong Kong–based Silverlit Toys. In the United States it is distributed by Spin Master.

Designed by the Belgian engineer Alexander van de Rostyne, the Picoo Z was the smallest remote-controlled production model helicopter in the world (Guinness World Records) in 2006. However, Silverlit beats their own record again in 2013 with an even smaller RC helicopter, the Nano Falcon.

Spin Master
Spin Master Corp. (formerly known as Spin Master Toys) is a Canadian multinational toy and entertainment company headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. Spin Master employs over 1,600 people globally with offices in Australia, Canada, China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Vietnam.

Since 2002, Spin Master has received 92 "Toy of The Year" (TOTY) nominations with 28 wins across a variety of product categories, including 13 TOTY nominations for "Innovative Toy of the Year", more than any other toy company. In 2022, Spin Master won The Golden Screen Award for Feature Film, presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television, for Paw Patrol: The Movie.
Slim Norris
Edward Fairbanks "Slim" Norris (July 19, 1907 – January 14, 1931) was an American Negro league third baseman in the 1930s.

A native of St. Charles, Kentucky, Norris played for the Louisville Black Caps in 1930. In 15 recorded games, he posted 15 hits in 58 plate appearances. Norris died in his hometown of St. Charles in 1931 at age 23.

Louisville Black Caps
The Louisville Black Caps were a professional Negro league baseball team based in Louisville, Kentucky. The team played as the Black Caps in the Negro National League in 1930 before playing as the Louisville White Sox in 1931.

In 1932, they joined the Negro Southern League, again playing as the Black Caps.  Only five months into the season, the team relocated to play as the Columbus Turfs for the remaining month and a half before folding.
Totò Sapore e la magica storia della pizza
Totò Sapore e la magica storia della pizza (English: Totò Sapore and the Magical Story of Pizza) is a 2003 Italian animated film, with some dialogues made in Neapolitan, directed by Maurizio Forestieri and distributed by Medusa Film and Lanterna Magica.
The film is loosely based on the novel Il cuoco prigioniero (The Prisoner Cook) by Roberto Piumini and Edoardo Porcaro.

Neapolitan language
Neapolitan (autonym: ('o n)napulitano [(o n)napuliˈtɑːnə]; Italian: napoletano) is a Romance language of the Southern Italo-Romance group spoken in most of continental Southern Italy. It is named after the Kingdom of Naples, which once covered most of the area, and the city of Naples was its capital. On 14 October 2008, a law by the Region of Campania stated that Neapolitan was to be protected.

While the language group is native to much of continental Southern Italy or the former Kingdom of Naples, the terms Neapolitan, napulitano or napoletano may also instead refer more narrowly to the specific variety spoken natively in the city of Naples and the immediately surrounding Naples metropolitan area and Campania region. The present article mostly deals with this variety, which enjoys a certain degree of prestige and has historically wide written attestations.
Bukidnon's 2nd congressional district
Bukidnon's 2nd congressional district is one of the four congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of Bukidnon. It has been represented in the House of Representatives since 1987. The district encompasses the provincial capital city of Malaybalay and the entire eastern frontier of Bukidnon bordering the Caraga and Davao regions. Its municipalities are Cabanglasan, Impasugong, Lantapan and San Fernando. Prior to redistricting in 2012, the district also covered the city of Valencia. It is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Jonathan Keith Flores of the Lakas–CMD.

Cabanglasan
Cabanglasan, officially the Municipality of Cabanglasan (Binukid and Higaonon: Bánuwa ta Kabanglasán; Cebuano: Lungsod sa Cabanglasan; Tagalog: Bayan ng Cabanglasan), is a  municipality in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 36,286 people.
Joint decision trap
The joint decision trap was identified by the political scientist, Fritz W. Scharpf in a 1988 scholarly article, Scharpf, Fritz W. (1988). The Joint-Decision Trap. Lessons From German Federalism and European Integration. Public Administration, Vol. 66, No. 2. pp. 239–78. It is understood to be a situation in which there is a tendency for government decisions to be taken at the lowest common denominator in situations where the decision-makers have the ability to veto the proposals. It is a common challenge for federal governments such as Germany and the European Union.

Lowest common denominator
In mathematics, the lowest common denominator or least common denominator (abbreviated LCD) is the lowest common multiple of the denominators of a set of fractions. It simplifies adding, subtracting, and comparing fractions.
Malthon
Malthon is a city and a nagar panchayat in the Sagar district of Madhya Pradesh, India. It's also a tehsil headquarter and Development Block.

Malthon is a historical places, it's famous for malthone fort and Jawala devi temple which is located in malthone town and kanakdhar water fall which is 10 km away from Malthone.

Nagar panchayat
A nagar panchayat (transl. 'town council') or town panchayat or Notified Area Council (NAC) in India is a settlement in transition from rural to urban and therefore a form of an urban political unit comparable to a municipality. An urban centre with more than 12,000 and less than 40,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat. The population requirement for a town panchayat can vary from state to state.

Such councils are formed under the panchayati raj administrative system. In census data, the abbreviation T.P. is used to indicate a "town panchayat". Tamil Nadu was the first state to introduce the panchayat town as an intermediate step between rural villages and urban local bodies (ULB). The structure and the functions of the nagar panchayat are decided by the state government.
Damjan Sitar
Damjan Sitar (born August 17, 1981 in Maribor) is a Slovenian decathlete. He set both a national record and a personal best score of 7,718 points, by winning his event at the 2008 Slovenian Open Athletics Championships, coincidentally in his home city.

Sitar represented Slovenia at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed in men's decathlon. During the event, he set a personal best of 47.23 metres in the javelin throw, but received poor scores in the shot put, discus throw, and pole vault, which cost him a chance for a medal. In the end, Sitar finished only in twenty-third place, with a total score of 7,336 points.

Athletics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's decathlon
The men's decathlon at the 2008 Summer Olympics took place between August 21 and 22, at the Beijing National Stadium.

The qualifying standards were 8,000 points (A standard) and 7,700 points (B standard).
Iñaki Ochoa de Olza
Iñaki Ochoa de Olza (May 29, 1967 in Pamplona, Navarre – May 23, 2008 on Annapurna, Nepal) was a Spanish climber. Ochoa de Olza took part in more than thirty separate climbing expeditions in the Himalayas over the course of his career, and was involved in more than 200 expeditions as a guide. He climbed 12 of the world's 14 tallest mountains (repeating one of them, Cho Oyu) without using oxygen. Ochoa went on record as saying that he did not believe in using oxygen to climb mountains, claiming "if you use oxygen, you are not an alpinist; you are more of an astronaut or a scuba diver.". He died of pulmonary edema in May 2008 while climbing Annapurna (which would have been his 13th eight thousander).

Climbing
Climbing is the activity of using one's hands, feet, or other parts of the body to ascend a steep topographical object that can range from the world's tallest mountains (e.g. the eight thousanders) to small boulders. Climbing is done for locomotion, sporting recreation, for competition, and is also done in trades that rely on ascension, such as construction and military operations. Climbing is done indoors and outdoors, on natural surfaces (e.g. rock climbing and ice climbing), and on artificial surfaces (e.g. climbing walls and climbing gyms).
New Livingstone Stadium
New Livingstone Stadium was a proposed multi-purpose stadium in Livingstone, Zambia, that was in the planning stages until Zambia backed out of hosting the 2011 All-Africa Games in December 2008, citing a lack of funds. It would have been used mostly for football matches and would have hosted some events for the 2011 All-Africa Games. The stadium would have had a capacity of 50,000 people. It was to be built along with new stadiums in Ndola (New Ndola Stadium) and Lusaka (New Lusaka Stadium).

2011 All-Africa Games
The 10th All-Africa Games (Portuguese: 9os Jogos Pan-Africanos), also known as Maputo 2011, took place between September 3–18, 2011 in Maputo, Mozambique. Maputo's hosting marked the third time the Games was held in the southern part of the continent.
Dovea, County Tipperary
Dovea (Irish: An Dubhfhéith) is a small village in County Tipperary in Ireland. Also sometimes known as Killahara, it is located within the civil parish of Inch and the historical barony of Eliogarty.

Evidence of ancient settlement in the area includes a number of ringfort and enclosure sites in the townlands of Dovea Lower, Dovea Upper and Killahara. Killahara Castle is close to Dovea village. This 16th century tower house, historically associated with the O'Fogartie and Purcell families, was later owned by the Trant family.

The former Church of Ireland church in Dovea, which was dedicated to Saint Michael and completed c. 1830, has been converted for use as a private home. It is included in Tipperary County Council's Record of Protected Structures. Dovea House, which was also built c. 1830, is also a protected structure.

The National Ploughing Championships were held in the area in 1962.

Ringfort
Ringforts or ring forts are small circular fortified settlements built during the Bronze Age, Iron Age and early Middle Ages up to about the year 1000 AD. They are found in Northern Europe, especially in Ireland. There are also many in South Wales and in Cornwall, where they are called rounds. Ringforts come in many sizes and may be made of stone or earth. Earthen ringforts would have been marked by a circular rampart (a bank and ditch), often with a stakewall. Both stone and earthen ringforts would generally have had at least one building inside.
NGC 68 group
VV 166, sometimes also called the NGC 70 galaxy group or Arp 113, is a cluster of galaxies in Andromeda. The main group was discovered in 1784 by William Herschel, who listed the galaxies as a single object. Later, in the 1880s, John Louis Emil Dreyer managed to discern some of the galaxies in this region and cataloged them. The prominent elliptical galaxy in the region, NGC 68, is probably not a member of the group.

Superimposed on the group is a smaller cluster around 220 Mly away, which includes AGC 102760, UGC 152, and UGC 166.

John Louis Emil Dreyer
John Louis Emil Dreyer (13 February 1852 – 14 September 1926), also Johan Ludvig Emil Dreyer, was a Danish astronomer who spent most of his career working in Ireland.  He spent the last decade of his life in Oxford, England.
Armageddon 2001
"Armageddon 2001" is a 1991 crossover event storyline published by DC Comics. It ran through a self-titled, two-issue limited series and most of the annuals DC published that year from May through October (Legion of Super-Heroes Annual #2 did not tie-in to the storyline). After the event, there were two limited series, Armageddon: The Alien Agenda #1-4 (which was a direct sequel) and Armageddon: Inferno #1-4 (which was only tangentially related).

Each participating annual explored potential possible futures for its main characters. The guiding hands behind the series were editor and writer Dennis O'Neil, writer Archie Goodwin and artist Dan Jurgens.

Justice League Europe
Justice League Europe (JLE) is a comic book series published by DC Comics that was a spin-off of the comic book Justice League America (which was then named Justice League International (vol. 1) for issues #7 to #25).

Justice League Europe was published for 68 issues (plus five Annuals) from 1989 to 1994. Starting with issue #51 the title was renamed Justice League International (vol. 2). Like Justice League America, the series featured tongue-in-cheek humor but was a much more action-centric series than Justice League America.

The action-themed nature of the series was most overt with the story arc "The Extremists". The arc featured the Justice League Europe fighting the Extremists, a cadre of villains patterned after Marvel Comics villains Doctor Doom, Magneto, Doctor Octopus, Sabretooth, and Dormammu.

The team was originally headquartered in Paris, France but later moved to an abandoned castle in Great Britain.
Ian Clement
Ian Clement (born 1965 in Bexley), was Deputy Mayor of London with responsibility for Government and External Relations. A former councillor and Leader of the London Borough of Bexley from 2006 to 2008, Clement was a member of the Conservative Party before being suspended following incidents involving financial issues both in London and Bexley.

London Borough of Bexley
The London Borough of Bexley (/ˈbɛksli/ ⓘ) is a London borough in south-east London, forming part of Outer London. It has a population of 248,287. The main settlements are Sidcup, Erith, Bexleyheath, Belvedere, Crayford, Welling and Old Bexley. The London Borough of Bexley is within the Thames Gateway, an area designated as a national priority for urban regeneration. The local authority is Bexley London Borough Council.
Tongbao
Tongbao can refer to:

wikt: 同胞, a Chinese term for comrade, see tongzhi (term)

T'oung Pao a Dutch journal and the oldest international journal of sinology founded in 1890

A type of Imperial Chinese coinage

Kaiyuan Tongbao

Yongle Tongbao

Hongwu Tongbao
Kangxi Tongbao
Qianlong Tongbao

Comrade
In political contexts, comrade means a fellow party member. The political use was inspired by the French Revolution, after which it grew into a form of address between socialists and workers. Since the Russian Revolution, popular culture in the West has often associated it with communism.  As such, it can also be used as a reference to leftists, akin to "commie". In particular, the Russian word товарищ (tovarishch) may be used as a reference to communists.

The influence of the term in communism in the 20th century has led to some anarchists preferring the term "companion", a term that has been used in Western Europe since the end of the 19th century.
281 BC
Year 281 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Barbula and Philippus (or, less frequently, year 473 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 281 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Quintus Marcius Philippus (consul 281 BC)
Quintus Marcius Philippus (Quintus Marcius Q. f. Q. n. Philippus) was a Roman consul in 281 BC.

His father was probably Quintus Marcius Tremulus, consul in 306 and 288 BC. Instead of the cognomen Tremulus he took Philippus, which was further inherited by his descendants.

He was elected consul together with Lucius Aemilius Barbula. His victory over the Etruscans earned him a triumph on April 1 of that year.  In 269 BC he was elected censor together with his co-consul Lucius Aemilius Barbula. In 263 BC he was magister equitum to the dictator Gnaeus Fulvius Maximus Centumalus.
Child's Play (1954 film)
Child's Play is a 1954 British science fiction film directed by Margaret Thomson and starring Mona Washbourne and Christopher Beeny. The script was by Don Sharp, who also worked on the film as an assistant.

Mona Washbourne
Mona Lee Washbourne (27 November 1903 – 15 November 1988) was an English actress of stage, film, and television. Her most critically acclaimed role was in the film Stevie (1978), late in her career, for which she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award and a BAFTA Award. She had, in 1977, won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for her performance in the play it was based on.
Detha railway station
Detha Railway Station (Urdu: دیتہ ریلوے اسٹیشن, Sindhi: ڏيٿا ريلوي اسٽيشن) is located in Detha village, Hyderabad district  of Sindh province, Pakistan.

Detha community belongs to Cāraṇa caste in hindu religion. Detha people live in Pakistan and also in India. In India, they are densely populated in Barmer, Jaisalmer, Nagaur (particularly in navad, tosina, kuchaman etc).

Nagaur
Nagaur (also Nagor and Nagore) is a city and municipal council in Nagaur district of the state of Rajasthan in India. It is the administrative headquarters of Nagaur District. The Nagaur city lies about midway between Jodhpur and Bikaner. Nagaur district is located in central region of Rajasthan.
Totskoye nuclear exercise
52°38′41″N 52°48′16″E﻿ / ﻿52.64472°N 52.80444°E﻿ / 52.64472; 52.80444

The Totskoye nuclear exercise was a military exercise undertaken by the Soviet Army to explore defensive and offensive warfare during nuclear war. The exercise, under the code name "Snowball" (Russian: Снежок, romanized: Snezhok), involved an aerial detonation of a 40 kt RDS-4 nuclear bomb. The stated goal of the operation was military training for breaking through heavily fortified defensive lines of a military opponent using nuclear weapons. An army of 45,000 soldiers marched through the area around the hypocenter soon after the nuclear blast. The exercise was conducted on September 14, 1954, at 9.33 a.m., under the command of Marshal Georgy Zhukov to the north of Totskoye village in Orenburg Oblast, Russia, in the South Ural Military District. The epicenter of the detonation is marked with a memorial.

Code name
A code name, codename, call sign, or cryptonym is a code word or name used, sometimes clandestinely, to refer to another name, word, project, or person. Code names are often used for military purposes, or in espionage. They may also be used in industrial counter-espionage to protect secret projects and the like from business rivals, or to give names to projects whose marketing name has not yet been determined. Another reason for the use of names and phrases in the military is that they transmit with a lower level of cumulative errors over a walkie-talkie or radio link than actual names.

Code names are also used for commercial products, for a variety of reasons. One of them can include that a marketing name has not yet been established during product development.