hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Strand (programming language)
Strand is a high-level symbolic language for parallel computing, similar in syntax to Prolog.

Artificial Intelligence Ltd were awarded the British Computer Society Award for Technical Innovation 1989 for Strand88.
The language was created by computer scientists Ian Foster and Stephen Taylor.

British Computer Society
The British Computer Society (BCS), branded BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT, since 2009, is a professional body and a learned society that represents those working in information technology (IT), computing, software engineering, computer engineering and computer science, both in the United Kingdom and internationally. Founded in October 14, 1957, BCS has played an important role in educating and nurturing IT professionals, computer scientists, software engineers, computer engineers, upholding the profession, accrediting Chartered IT Professional (CITP) and Chartered Engineer (CEng) status, and creating a global community active in promoting and furthering the field and practice of computing.
Joseph Batey
Joseph Batey (4 March 1867 – 21 February 1949) was a Labour Party politician in the United Kingdom.

Batey became a coal miner, before winning election as a checkweighman, and then becoming a full-time official for the Durham Miners' Association.  A support of the Labour Party, Batey served on the South Shields Town Council and Board of Guardians.

He was elected at the 1922 election as member of parliament (MP) for the Spennymoor constituency in County Durham, which he had contested unsuccessfully at the 1918 election. Batey held the seat until he resigned from the House of Commons on 6 July 1942, by the procedural device of accepting the post of Steward of the Manor of Northstead.

South Shields
South Shields (/ʃiːlz/) is a coastal port town in South Tyneside, Tyne and Wear, England; it lies on the south bank of the mouth of the River Tyne. The town was known in Roman times as Arbeia and as Caer Urfa by the Early Middle Ages. It is the fourth largest settlement in Tyne and Wear, after Newcastle upon Tyne, Sunderland and Gateshead; in 2021, it had a population of 75,337.

Historically within the county of Durham, South Shields is south of North Shields and Tynemouth across the River Tyne; and east of Newcastle upon Tyne and Jarrow.
Godogani, Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti
Godogani (Georgian: გოდოგანი) is a village in Martvili Municipality, Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti, in western Georgia. It is located on the Odishi-Guria plain, on the left bank of the river Ochkhomuri, 25 km (16 mi) from Martvili.

Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti
Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti (Georgian: სამეგრელო-ზემო სვანეთი [s̪äme̞ɡɾe̞ɫo̞z̪e̞mo̞ s̪ʷän̪e̞t̪ʰi]; Megrelian: სამარგალო-ჟიმოლენი შონე [samaɾɡalo-ʒimolenɪ ʃone]; Svan: [zan-lam ʃuan]) is a region (Mkhare) in western Georgia with a population of 308,358 (2021) and a surface of 7,468 km2 (2,883 sq mi). Zugdidi is the region’s administrative center, and Giorgi Guguchia has been the governor of the region since June 2021. Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti is compiled of the historical Georgian provinces of Samegrelo (Mingrelia) and Zemo Svaneti (i.e., Upper Svaneti).
2013 NACAC Cross Country Championships
The 2013 NACAC Cross Country Championships took place on January 26, 2013.  The races were held at the Manchester Golf Club in Mandeville, Jamaica.  A detailed report of the event was given.

Complete results were published.

Manchester Golf Club
Manchester Golf Club, is a golf club in Middleton, Greater Manchester, England.

The club was founded in 1882 as the Manchester St Andrews Golf Club, to distinguish it from another club under a similar name. In 1883, the words "St Andrew’s" was dropped and the original Manchester Golf Club became known as the "'Old' Manchester Golf Club".

The club originally played on a 9-hole course at Manley Park. In 1898, the club relocated to Trafford Park, with Trafford Hall becoming the clubhouse. With the lease on the course expiring, the club was on the move again in 1912, this time to Hopwood Park. The 18-hole course at Hopwood Park was designed by Harry Shapland Colt. In 1925, the club secured its home when it bought the freehold. The course has since been lengthened, from its original 6145 yards, to 6491 yards.
Ferhatlı, Ardanuç
Ferhatlı is a village in the Ardanuç District, Artvin Province, Turkey. Its population is 78 (2021).

The castle at Ferhatlı is located on a strategic outcrop about 8 kilometers northwest of Ardanuç and 2 kilometers north of Ferhatlı Köy, a site identified with the medieval Akhiz.  This Georgian fortress was rebuilt in the 5th century A.D. by King Vakhtang I Gorgasal.  The primary circuit walls at the north are carefully integrated into the rock cliff.  Extensive damage has eliminated most traces of internal structures.
Ardanuç Kalesi, another impressive fortress, was in the medieval district of Klarjet’i.  It has the remains of a Georgian church and massive circuit walls at the southwest. In the 16th century its Georgian rulers converted to Islam.  By the 19th century the area had a sizable Armenian population.  In 1983 both Ferhatlı Kalesi and Ardanuç Kalesi were surveyed and three years later an accurate scaled plan and description were published

Artvin Province
Artvin Province (Turkish: Artvin ili; Georgian: ართვინის პროვინცია, Artvinis p'rovintsia; Laz: ართვინიშ დობადონა Artvinish dobadona;) is a province in Turkey, on the Black Sea coast in the northeastern corner of the country, on the border with Georgia. Artvin also borders the Turkish provinces of Erzurum, Ardahan and Rize. Its area is 7,393 km2, and its population is 169,403 (2022). The provincial capital is the city of Artvin.
Volvopluteus
Volvopluteus is a genus of small to medium-sized or big saprotrophic mushrooms growing worldwide. The genus has been segregated from Volvariella with which it shares some morphological characteristics such as the presence of a volva and a pink to pink-brown spore print. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA data have shown that Volvopluteus is closely related to Pluteus and both genera currently are classified in the family Pluteaceae, while Volvariella is not closely related to either genus and its position in the Agaricales is still uncertain.

Spore print
The spore print is the powdery deposit obtained by allowing spores of a fungal fruit body to fall onto a surface underneath. It is an important diagnostic character in most handbooks for identifying mushrooms. It shows the colour of the mushroom spores if viewed en masse.
Duodenal-jejunal bypass liner
Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Liner, or Gastric Bypass Stent, Common brand names include EndoBarrier, is an implantable medical device in the form of a thin flexible 60 cm-long tube that creates a physical barrier between ingested food and the duodenum/proximal jejunum. The duodenal-jejunal bypass liner prevents the interaction of food with enzymes and hormones in the proximal intestine to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity. The duodenal-jejunal bypass liner is delivered endoscopically and has been tested on the morbidly obese (those with a body mass index [BMI] greater than 40) as well as obese patients with a BMI less than 40, particularly those with difficult-to-manage type 2 diabetes. Despite a handful of serious adverse events such as gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal pain, and device migration — all resolved with device removal — initial clinical trials have produced promising results in the treatment's ability to improve weight loss and glucose homeostasis outcomes.

Duodenum
The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine in most vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In mammals, it may be the principal site for iron absorption.
The duodenum precedes the jejunum and ileum and is the shortest part of the small intestine.

In humans, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 25–38 centimetres (10–15 inches) long connecting the stomach to the jejunum, the middle part of the small intestine. It begins with the duodenal bulb, and ends at the duodenojejunal flexure marked by the  suspensory muscle of duodenum. The duodenum can be divided into four parts: the first (superior), the second (descending), the third (transverse) and the fourth (ascending) parts.
Ludmila Kim
Ludmila Kim (Kazakh: Людмила Ким, Liudmila Kim) is a Kazakhstani singer and VJ. She has been a member of pop-band "Duet L" in 1990s and was a jury member in SuperStar KZ 3, the Kazakh version of Pop Idol in 2006.

Video jockey
A video jockey (abbreviated VJ or sometimes veejay) is an announcer or host who introduces music videos and live performances on commercial music television channels such as MTV, VH1, MuchMusic and Channel V.
Peter Weibel
Peter Weibel (Austrian German: [ˈvaɪbl], German: [ˈvaɪbəl]; 5 March 1944 – 1 March 2023) was an Austrian post-conceptual artist, curator, and new media theoretician. He started out in 1964 as a visual poet, then later moved from the page to the screen within the sense of post-structuralist methodology. His work includes virtual reality and other digital art forms. From 1999 he was the director of the ZKM Center for Art and Media Karlsruhe.

Post-conceptual art
Post-conceptual, postconceptual, post-conceptualism or postconceptualism is an art theory that builds upon the legacy of conceptual art in contemporary art, where the concept(s) or idea(s) involved in the work take some precedence over traditional aesthetic and material concerns. The term first came into art school parlance through the influence of John Baldessari at the California Institute of the Arts in the early 1970s. The writer Eldritch Priest, specifically ties John Baldessari's piece Throwing four balls in the air to get a square (best of 36 tries) from 1973 (in which the artist attempted to do just that, photographing the results, and eventually selecting the best out of 36 tries, with 36 being the determining number as that is the standard number of shots on a roll of 35mm film) as an early example of post-conceptual art. It is now often connected to generative art and digital art production.
Voskresenovka
Voskresenovka (Russian: Воскресе́новка) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Voskresenovka, Bryansk Oblast, a village in Bryansk Oblast

Voskresenovka, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, a selo in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast

Voskresenovka, Kursky District, Kursk Oblast, a village in Kursk Oblast

Voskresenovka (station), Mikhaylovsky District, Amur Oblast, station in the Mikhaylovsky District of Amur Oblast, Russia

Kursky District, Kursk Oblast
Kursky District (Russian: Ку́рский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-eight in Kursk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,657.29 square kilometers (639.88 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Kursk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 54,521 (2021 Census); 54,778 (2010 Census);  56,494 (2002 Census); 56,701 (1989 Soviet census).
3C 28
3C 28 is a massive Type-cD elliptical galaxy located in the constellation of Pisces. It has a redshift of (z) 0.1971, meaning it is located 2.5 billion light-years from Earth and was discovered in 1959. It is the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG), residing in the center of the northern subcluster region of the merging galaxy cluster, Abell 115.

Type-cD galaxy
The type-cD galaxy (also cD-type galaxy, cD galaxy) is a galaxy morphology classification, a subtype of type-D giant elliptical galaxy. Characterized by a large halo of stars, they can be found near the centres of some rich galaxy clusters. They are also known as supergiant ellipticals or central dominant galaxies.
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol
The Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) and algorithm, provides both simple and full connectivity assigned to any given virtual LAN (VLAN) throughout a bridged local area network. MSTP uses bridge protocol data unit (BPDUs) to exchange information between spanning-tree compatible devices, to prevent loops in each Multiple Spanning Tree instance (MSTI) and in the common and internal spanning tree (CIST), by selecting active and blocked paths. This is done as well as in Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) without the need of manually enabling backup links and getting rid of switching loop danger.

Moreover, MSTP allows frames/packets assigned to different VLANs to follow separate paths,  each based on an independent MSTI, within MST regions composed of local area networks (LANs) and MST bridges.  These regions and the other bridges and LANs are connected into a single common spanning tree (CST).

Local area network
A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, campus, or building, and has its network equipment and interconnects locally managed. LANs facilitate the distribution of data and sharing network devices, such as printers.

The LAN contrasts the wide area network (WAN), which not only covers a larger geographic distance, but also generally involves leased telecommunication circuits or Internet links. An even greater contrast is the Internet, which is a system of globally connected business and personal computers.

Ethernet and Wi-Fi are the two most common technologies used for local area networks; historical network technologies include ARCNET, Token Ring, and LocalTalk.
Mike Clinton
Michael Clinton  was a Scottish footballer, who played as a wing half.

Clinton was best known for his time at Clyde where he made over 200 appearances in all competitions, and was part of the 1957–58 Scottish Cup winning team. He also won the Glasgow Cup later that year, and was selected for the Glasgow FA side to play against the Sheffield FA in 1960.

Clinton returned to Clyde in September 1976 to take over as interim manager for three months after Stan Anderson fell ill.

Sheffield & Hallamshire County Football Association
The Sheffield and Hallamshire Football Association is a County Football Association in England. It was formed in Sheffield in 1867 as the Sheffield Football Association, and is the second-oldest football governing body after the Football Association (FA). Its teams adopted the Sheffield Rules of football until 1878, when they were merged with the FA's rules. Its members include the two oldest football clubs in the world, Sheffield and Hallam.

Today, the County FA is responsible for the administration, control, promotion and development of grass-roots football within a 20-mile radius of Sheffield Cathedral. This covers almost all of South Yorkshire (excluding only the area around Askern, Hatfield and Thorne) as well as parts of North Derbyshire (e.g. Dronfield), North Nottinghamshire (e.g. Worksop), and southern parts of West Yorkshire (e.g. Emley, Hemsworth).
Catenary maintenance vehicle
A catenary maintenance vehicle (also known as a tower wagon or tower car) is a railroad maintenance of way vehicle that is used to maintain and inspect overhead line (also known as catenary) on electrified railroad or metro tracks. Such vehicles are typically self-propelled by a diesel engine, to allow them to operate when power is shut off to the overhead lines for worker safety or in the event of a power failure. Catenary maintenance vehicles allow maintenance of way workers to safely work on overhead wires and typically include a crane to install or remove wires as needed.

Maintenance of way
Maintenance of way (commonly abbreviated to MOW, also known as "Permanent Way Maintenance" or "PWM" in Britain) refers to the maintenance, construction, and improvement of rail infrastructure, including tracks, ballast, grade, and lineside infrastructure such as signals and signs.
Doug Munatsi
Douglas 'Doug' Tawanda Munatsi was a Zimbabwean investment banker. He was the founding CEO of BancABC Holdings, part of Atlas Mara Group and DBF Capital Partners. In 2020, Munatsi was appointed as CEO of Zimbabwe Investment and Development Agency.

Munatsi had a finance and investment background, and held a bachelor's degree in business studies from the University of Zimbabwe as well as a Master of Business Administration (Finance) degree from the American University in Washington D.C. and is an associate of the Bankers Association of Zimbabwe.

Atlas Mara Limited
Atlas Mara Limited, formerly referred to as Atlas Mara Co-Nvest Limited, is a financial services holding company formed to undertake the acquisition of target banks in Africa.

The Group's headquarters are located in Tortola, British Virgin Islands, with subsidiaries and investments in Botswana, Germany, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, South Sudan, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
Engelsman
Engelsman or Engelschman is a Dutch toponymic surname meaning "Englishman", suggesting an origin in England. People with this name include:

Bartholomeus Engelsman,  Dutch name for Bartholomeus Anglicus (beg.1203–1272), French music theorist and entomologist

Han Engelsman (1919–1990), Dutch footballer

Henk Engelsman (1914–1979), Dutch Labour Party politician

Jan Maertz Engelsman (1593–1654), Dutch glass painter and member of the Hoorn city council

Michelle Engelsman (born 1979), Australian freestyle swimmer

Nico Engelschman (1913–1988), Dutch stage actor, LGBT rights activist and World War II resistance member

Bartholomaeus Anglicus
Bartholomaeus Anglicus (before 1203–1272), also known as Bartholomew the Englishman and Berthelet, was an early 13th-century Scholastic of Paris, a member of the Franciscan order. He was the author of the compendium De proprietatibus rerum ("On the Properties of Things"), dated c.1240, an early forerunner of the encyclopedia and a widely cited book in the Middle Ages. Bartholomew also held senior positions within the church and was appointed Bishop of Łuków in what is now Poland, although he was not consecrated to that position.
2025 TCR Panama Touring Car Championship
The 2025 TCR Panama season was the inaugural season of the TCR Panama Touring Car Championship. The series was officially announced on 30 January 2025. 
It features production-based touring cars running under TCR technical regulations.

TCR Panama Touring Car Championship
TCR Panama (officially the TCR Panama Touring Car Championship) is a national touring car racing series held in Panama that runs under the international TCR technical regulations. The championship was established in 2025 and held its inaugural event at the Autódromo Panamá in February 2025.
Morgenster (ship)
Morgenster (Morning Star in Dutch) is a sail training ship based in the Netherlands. She was built, as a herring lugger under the name De Vrouw Maria, in 1919. In 1927, she was lengthened by 7 metres (23 ft) and converted into a motor fishing vessel. She was renamed Morgenster in 1959 and continued to be used as a fishing vessel until 1970. After a period of use for sport fishing and in the pirate radio business, she was acquired by her current owners for conversion back to a sailing vessel in 1983. She made her maiden voyage as a sail training ship in 2008, having been refitted as a brig.

Pirate radio
Pirate radio is a radio station that broadcasts without a valid license, whether an invalid license or no license at all. In some cases, radio stations are considered legal where the signal is transmitted, but illegal where the signals are received—especially when the signals cross a national boundary.

In other cases, a broadcast may be considered "pirate" due to the nature of its content, its transmission format (especially a failure to transmit a station identification according to regulations), or the transmit power (wattage) of the station, even if the transmission is not technically illegal (such as an amateur radio transmission).  Pirate radio is sometimes called bootleg radio (a term especially associated with two-way radio), clandestine radio (associated with heavily politically motivated operations)  or free radio.
Lilliput Nunataks
The Lilliput Nunataks (66°8′S 62°40′W﻿ / ﻿66.133°S 62.667°W﻿ / -66.133; -62.667) are three nunataks, from 600 to 700 metres (2,000 to 2,300 ft) high and trending southeast–northwest, located 3 nautical miles (6 km) north of Gulliver Nunatak on the east side of Graham Land, Antarctica. The nunataks are snow free on their southeast sides. They were charted by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey and photographed from the air by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition in 1947. The name, from Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels, means land of small people and was applied by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in association with Gulliver Nunatak.

Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition
The Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE) was an aerial survey of the Falkland Islands Dependencies and the Antarctic Peninsula which took place in the 1955–56 and 1956–57 southern summers.

Funded by the Colonial Office and organized by Peter Mott, the survey was carried out by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd.  The expedition was based at Deception Island and utilized the Oluf Sven, two Canso flying-boats, and several helicopters.

The photographic collection, held by the British Antarctic Survey as the United Kingdom Antarctic Mapping Centre, comprises about 12,800 frames taken on 26,700 kilometers of ground track.
Joseph Mercieca
Joseph Mercieca (Maltese: Ġużeppi Mercieca, 11 November 1928 – 21 March 2016) was a Maltese prelate who served as the second Archbishop of Malta from 1976 to 2006. He is credited with restoring stability in the Maltese church following the dispute between the Malta Labour Party and his predecessor Mikiel Gonzi, the then Archbishop of Malta.

Saint John's Co-Cathedral
St John's Co-Cathedral (Maltese: Kon-Katidral ta' San Ġwann) is a Catholic co-cathedral in Valletta, Malta, dedicated to Saint John the Baptist. It was built by the Order of St. John between 1573 and 1578, having been commissioned by Grand Master Jean de la Cassière as the Conventual Church of Saint John (Maltese: Knisja Konventwali ta' San Ġwann).

The church was designed by the Maltese architect Girolamo Cassar, who designed several of the more prominent buildings in Valletta. In the 17th century, its interior was redecorated in the Baroque style by Mattia Preti and other artists. The interior of the church is considered to be one of the finest examples of high Baroque architecture in Europe.
Illinois Section American Water Works Association
The Illinois Section American Water Works Association (ISAWWA) is part of the national American Water Works Association. Established in 1909, the ISAWWA currently represents over 1770 public water supplies of all sizes.  ISAWWA members are administrators, utility operators, professional engineers, contractors, manufacturers, scientists, professors, health professionals, regulators, and ordinary citizens.

The mission of ISAWWA is the advancement and dissemination of knowledge concerning the practices in the design, construction, operation, and management of water works, and the promotion of public health, safety, and welfare.

Health professional
A health professional, healthcare professional (HCP), or healthcare worker (sometimes abbreviated as HCW) is a provider of health care treatment and advice based on formal training and experience. The field includes those who work as a nurse, physician (such as family physician, internist, obstetrician, psychiatrist, radiologist, surgeon etc.), perfusionist, physician assistant,  registered dietitian, veterinarian, veterinary technician, optometrist, pharmacist, pharmacy technician, medical assistant, physical therapist, occupational therapist, dentist, midwife, psychologist, audiologist, or healthcare scientist, or who perform services in allied health professions. Experts in public health and community health are also health professionals.