hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gyani
A gyani or giani (Punjabi: ਗਿਆਨੀ (Gurmukhi)) is an honorific Sikh title used by someone learned in Sikhism and who often leads the congregation in prayers, such as Ardas, or in singing (kirtan). The word gyan means "knowledge" in Punjabi, being a derivative of the Sanskrit word jnana. So a "gyani" is one who has spiritual and religious knowledge and can help the congregation, the Sadh Sangat, in understanding the Sacred Texts and the history of the religion.

Jñāna
In Indian philosophy and religions, Jñāna (Sanskrit: ज्ञानम्, [ˈdʑɲaːnɐ]) is "knowledge".

The idea of jñāna centers on a cognitive event which is recognized when experienced. It is knowledge inseparable from the total experience of reality, especially the total or divine reality (Brahman). There are also some categorised terms like physical Jñāna, spiritual Jñāna and ultimate Jñāna of Self-Realisation.
Anthony Calf
Anthony Calf (born 4 May 1959) is an English actor. He studied acting at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (LAMDA). He had recurring roles in the television medical drama Holby City, as Michael Beauchamp, and New Tricks as DAC Robert Strickland. He has also worked in theatre, where his credits include productions of The Madness of George III with the National Theatre and A Midsummer Night's Dream, The false servant at the National Theatre and Rock'n Roll at the Duke of York's Theatre. He was nominated as best actor in the Irish Times Theatre Awards 2008 for his work in Uncle Vanya at the Gate Theatre. He was featured in King Charles III on Broadway in 2015.

King Charles III (play)
King Charles III is a 2014 play in blank verse by Mike Bartlett that premiered at the Almeida Theatre in London. The play is a future history account of the accession and reign of King Charles III of the United Kingdom (who was then still Prince of Wales), and the limiting of the freedom of the press after the News International phone hacking scandal.

A 90-minute television adaptation was broadcast on BBC Two on 10 May 2017.
Dendrocnide meyeniana
Dendrocnide meyeniana, the poisonous wood nettle, is a species of tree in the family Urticaceae, native to the thickets and secondary forests of Taiwan and the Philippines. The specific epithet meyeniana honors Franz Meyen, who collected the type specimen in Manila during his world cruise.

In the Philippines, the city of Lipa in Batangas is named after this plant. Locals distinguish it primarily by the short stinging hairs on its twigs.

In Taiwanese Mandarin, it is widely known as yǎoréngǒu, a name which has been used since the early Qing period referring to the skin irritation or inflammation its stinging hairs may cause. Among the Paiwan people, and Puyuma people of Taiwan, both ethnic groups have the custom of whipping adolescents with the plant as a rite of passage or a corporal punishment.

Lipa, Batangas
Lipa ([lɪˈpa]), officially the City of Lipa (Filipino: Lungsod ng Lipa), is a  component city in the province of Batangas, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 387,392 people.

It is the first city with a charter in the province and one of five cities in Batangas alongside Batangas City, Calaca, Santo Tomas, and Tanauan. It is located 78 kilometres (48 mi) south of Manila and is the most populous city of Batangas.

The Southern Tagalog Arterial Road (STAR) and South Luzon Expressway (SLEX) provide access to Batangas City and Metro Manila.
George Ferguson (footballer, fl. 1946–1954)
George Ferguson was a Scottish football player during the 1940s and 1950s.  He started his career with junior side St Anthonys before signing professionally with Celtic.  After failing to hold down a regular spot in the Celtic team, he transferred to Dumbarton where he played with distinction, being a constant in the defence for six seasons.

St Anthony's F.C.
St Anthony's Football Club is a Scottish non-league football club based in Glasgow. Nicknamed the Ants, they play in green-and-white hooped kits and currently operate in the West of Scotland League Third Division.
Balogun Kuku
Balogun Bello Kuku Listenⓘ(1845–1907) was a Nigerian warlord. His father Odusanya was a community leader, and his mother, Detimoku, was the daughter of Adeoti, the first "Erelu" of Ijebu-Ode.

After his mother's death, Kuku was raised by his grandmother, Erelu Adeoti. He was raised in a politically influential household, and was exposed to governance, diplomacy, and military strategy from an early age.

Awujale
Awujale is the royal title of the monarch of the Ijebu Kingdom. The holder is addressed as the Awujale of Ijebuland. The most recent Awujale was Oba Sikiru Kayode Adetona Ogbagba II, who served as the Awujale from 1960 until his death in 2025. He was from the House of Anikinaiya.

By the declaration made under section 4(2) of the Chiefs Law 1957 of the Customary Law regulating the selection of the Awujale of Ijebuland Chieftaincy, there are four ruling houses:

House of Gbelegbuwa

House of Anikinaiya

House of Fusengbuwa

House of Fidipote

The Declaration was approved 25 August 1959 and registered on 1 September 1959.
Léon Bonnat
Léon Joseph Florentin Bonnat (French pronunciation: [leɔ̃ ʒozɛf flɔʁɑ̃tɛ̃ bɔna]; 20 June 1833 – 8 September 1922) was a French painter, Grand Officer of the Légion d'honneur, art collector and professor at the Ecole des Beaux Arts.

Walters Art Museum
The Walters Art Museum is a public art museum located in the Mount Vernon neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland. Founded and opened in 1934, it holds collections from the mid-19th century that were  amassed substantially by major American art and sculpture collectors, including William Thompson Walters and his son Henry Walters. William Walters began collecting when he moved to Paris as a nominal Confederate loyalist at the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, and Henry Walters refined the collection and made arrangements for the construction what ultimately was Walters Art Museum.

Admission to the museum is free.
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal which covers research on the nature, action, efficacy, and evaluation of therapeutics. The editor-in-chief is Piet van der Graaf (Cetara). The journal was established in 1960 and is published by Wiley-Blackwell. It is an official journal of the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics.

Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons. It was formed by the merger of John Wiley & Sons Global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing in 2007.

Wiley-Blackwell is now an imprint that publishes a diverse range of academic and professional fields, including biology, medicine, physical sciences, technology, social science, and the humanities.
Publius Cloelius Siculus
Publius Cloelius Siculus was appointed rex sacrorum in 180 BC, succeeding Gnaeus Cornelius Dolabella. Valerius Maximus says that he was flamen dialis, and that he was compelled to resign because of improperly presented exta ("entrails," as used in the auspices).  The rex sacrorum traditionally held this title until his death; however, the date of Siculus' death is unknown.

Rex Sacrorum
In ancient Roman religion, the rex sacrorum ("king of the sacred things", also sometimes rex sacrificulus) was a senatorial priesthood reserved for patricians. Although in the historical era, the pontifex maximus was the head of Roman state religion, Festus says that in the ranking of the highest Roman priests (ordo sacerdotum), the rex sacrorum was of highest prestige, followed by the flamines maiores (Flamen Dialis, Flamen Martialis, Flamen Quirinalis) and the pontifex maximus. The rex sacrorum was based in the Regia.
Teske
Teske is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charlotte Teske (born 1949), German long-distance runner

Edmund Teske (1911–1996), American photographer

Jon Teske (born 1997), American professional basketball player

Johann Gottfried Teske, (1704 – 1772), Prussian physicist and philosopher

Robert Teske (born 1990), German politician

Roland J. Teske (1934–2015), American Roman-Catholic priest

Werner Teske (1942–1981), German Hauptmann (Captain) of the Ministry for State Security (Stasi)

Edmund Teske
Edmund Rudolph Teske  (March 7, 1911 – November 22, 1996) was a 20th-century American photographer who combined a career of taking portraits of artists, musicians and entertainers with a prolific output of experimental photography. His use of techniques like: combined prints, montages and solarizations led to "often romantic and mysterious images". Although he exhibited extensively and was well known within artistic photography circles during his lifetime, his work was not widely known by the public. He has been called "one of the forgotten greats of American photography."
Battle of Kazan (1774)
The Battle of Kazan (1774) was a major battle during Pugachev's Rebellion. It took place on 12–15 July 1774 in Kazan, Russia, and the surrounding area. The first stage began in the morning of 12 July, when rebels under Yemelyan Pugachev defeated government troops and besieged them in the Kazan Kremlin. During the battle some government forces defected to the rebels' side. However, in the evening, tsarist forces under Johann Michelson reached Kazan and defeated the rebels in two battles which took place on 13 and 15 July, forcing Pugachev to retreat to Tsaryovokokshaysk and then to cross the Volga. Out of 25,000 and 15,000 rebels who participated in the first and last stages of the battle respectively, only 500 escaped.

Rebellion
Rebellion is an uprising that resists and is organized against one's government. A rebel is a person who engages in a rebellion. A rebel group is a consciously coordinated group that seeks to gain political control over an entire state or a portion of a state. A rebellion is often caused by political, religious, or social grievances that originate from a perceived inequality or marginalization. Rebellion comes from Latin re and bellum, and in Lockian philosophy refers to the responsibility of the people to overthrow unjust government.
George Eric Fairbairn
George Eric Fairbairn (18 August 1888 – 20 June 1915) was a British rower who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. He was killed in action in the First World War.

Fairbairn was born at Melbourne Australia, the son of Thomas Fairbairn, a pastoralist, and his wife Lena Carmyle. He was also the nephew of rower Steve Fairbairn. He was educated at Eton College and Jesus College, Cambridge and rowed for Cambridge in the Boat Race in 1908. At the 1908 Summer Olympics, most of the Cambridge crew competed in the eight, which won the bronze medal, but Fairbairn went into the coxless pairs with Philip Verdon and won the silver medal. In 1909 he missed the Boat Race because of illness. Fairbairn also played rugby for Rosslyn Park F.C.

During the First World War, Fairbairn served as a second lieutenant with the Durham Light Infantry and was killed in action, aged 26, at Bailleul. He was buried at the Bailleul Communal Cemetery nearby.

Cambridge University Boat Club
The Cambridge University Boat Club (CUBC) is the rowing club of the University of Cambridge, England. The club was founded in 1828 and has been located at the Goldie Boathouse on the River Cam, Cambridge since 1882. Nowadays, training primarily takes place on the River Great Ouse at Ely.

The prime constitutional aim of CUBC is to beat Oxford University Boat Club in the annual Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race and Lightweight Boat Races. CUBC's Openweight Men's squad currently lead Oxford in the series by 87 races to 81, with 1 dead heat in The Boat Race 1877, while the Openweight Women's squad lead Oxford by 48 races to 30.  The Lightweight Men's squad lead Oxford by 31 races to 19, and the Lightweight Women's squad lead Oxford by 24 races to 17.
Lev Pulver
Lev Mikhailovich Pulver (Yiddish pronunciation: Leib Pulver, Yiddish: לייב פּולווער, European spelling: Leo Pulver, Russian: Лев Михайлович Пульвер; 18 December 1883, Verkhnodniprovsk – 18 March 1970, Moscow), was a Soviet and Russian-Jewish composer and musician.

Verkhnodniprovsk
Verkhnodniprovsk (Ukrainian: Верхньодніпровськ, pronounced [werxnʲod⁽ʲ⁾n⁽ʲ⁾iˈprɔu̯sʲk]) is a city in Kamianske Raion, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast (province) of Ukraine. The city is located at confluence of the Samotkan into the Kamianske Reservoir at the Dnieper. Verkhnodniprovsk hosts the administration of Verkhnodniprovsk urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population:15,477 (2022 estimate). In 2001, the population was 16,976.

Until 18 July 2020, Verkhnodniprovsk was the administrative center of Verkhnodniprovsk Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to seven. The area of Verkhnodniprovsk Raion was merged into Kamianske Raion.
Benny Dayal
Benny Dayal  (born 13 May 1979) is an Indian playback singer based in the United Arab Emirates. He is a prominent singer in Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, Bengali, Gujarati and Marathi and more languages films.

He is a member of the band S5, launched by SS Music TV channel. He made his acting debut in the Malayalam movie By the People, a suspense thriller. All the songs were sung by S5 members and it was then that A.R. Rahman noticed him and took an audition.

SS Music
SS Music, or Southern Spice Music, was a satellite television channel based in Chennai, India. The multilingual music channel broadcast film songs from Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada film industry.
The music channel also aired mainstream international music from US, UK, Europe regions. The company was started by Fortune Media PVT LTD as a channel to announce lottery results. In 2004 the company was approached by MTV India for a takeover, to be branded as MTV South, but the deal fell through.
Ryan Julian
Ryan Julian is an American chemist and Professor at the University of California, Riverside. His research uses mass spectrometry to study proteins and protein structure. His work has resulted in over 85 publications and he has been recognized with numerous honors including the American Society for Mass Spectrometry Biemann Medal in 2017.

Julian received his BS in chemistry from the University of Utah in 1999 and his PhD from the California Institute of Technology in 2003. After postdoctoral work at Indiana University, he was appointed as an assistant professor at University of California, Riverside in 2005.

Biemann Medal
The Biemann Medal is awarded annually by the American Society for Mass Spectrometry (ASMS) to an individual early in their career in recognition of significant achievement in basic or applied mass spectrometry. It is named after professor Klaus Biemann.

Nominees must be within the first 15 years of receiving the Ph.D. in the year nomination is considered (exceptions may be considered). Eligibility is not restricted to members of ASMS.

The award is conferred at the ASMS Annual Conference with the presentation of a $5,000 cash award, the Biemann Medal, and the award lecture.
APCO radiotelephony spelling alphabet
The APCO phonetic alphabet, a.k.a. LAPD radio alphabet, is the term for an old competing spelling alphabet to the ICAO radiotelephony alphabet, defined by the Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials-International from 1941 to 1974, that is used by the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) and other local and state law enforcement agencies across the state of California and elsewhere in the United States. It is the "over the air" communication used for properly understanding a broadcast of letters in the form of easily understood words. Despite often being called a "phonetic alphabet", it is not a phonetic alphabet for transcribing phonetics.

In 1974, APCO adopted the ICAO Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet, making the APCO alphabet officially obsolete; however, it is still widely used, and relatively few police departments in the U.S. use the ICAO alphabet.

Phonetic transcription
Phonetic transcription (also known as phonetic alphabet, phonetic script or phonetic notation) is the visual representation of speech sounds (or phonetics) by means of symbols. The most common type of phonetic transcription uses a phonetic alphabet, such as the International Phonetic Alphabet.
Gregory, Minnesota
Gregory is an unincorporated community in Little Falls Township, Morrison County, Minnesota, United States, near Little Falls.  The community is located near the intersection of 123rd Street and Haven Road, Morrison County Road 76.

U.S. Highway 10 and 1st Street SE are also in the immediate area.

The community was named for J. Gregory Smith, a railroad official.

Little Falls, Minnesota
Little Falls is a city and the county seat of Morrison County, Minnesota, United States, near the geographic center of the state. The population was 9,140 at the 2020 census, up from 8,343 in 2010. Little Falls was the boyhood home of noted aviator Charles Lindbergh. Just across from his former home is Charles A. Lindbergh State Park, named after Lindbergh's father, prominent Minnesota lawyer and U.S. Congressman Charles August Lindbergh.
Chow's Gymnastics and Dance Institute
Chow's Gymnastics and Dance Institute, commonly referred to as Chow's, is an American women's artistic gymnastics academy based in West Des Moines, Iowa. The academy was founded by Chinese former artistic gymnast Liang Chow. The club has produced Olympic champions, Shawn Johnson and Gabrielle Douglas, and United States national team members such as Norah Flatley and Rachel Gowey.

West Des Moines, Iowa
West Des Moines is a city in Iowa, United States. Most of the city is in Polk County, some of it is in Dallas County, and small portions extend into Warren and Madison Counties.

As of the 2020 census, the city population was 68,723. West Des Moines is the second most populous city in the Des Moines metropolitan area and the sixth most populous city in Iowa.
Tony McQuillan
Anthony John McQuillan (born 19 March 1951 in Greenslopes, Queensland) is a former Australian Test cricket umpire from Queensland.

He umpired one Test match in 1993 between Australia and New Zealand at Perth on 12 November to 16 November 1993, a match drawn through Australia's "unaccountable dithering". McQuillan's partner was Darrell Hair.

McQuillan umpired 14 One Day International (ODI) matches between 1993 and 1999. Altogether, he umpired 54 first-class matches between 1989 and 2001.

Before he began umpiring, McQuillan played in the Brisbane grade cricket competition for Easts, Colts and Wynnum-Manly.

New Zealand Cricket
New Zealand Cricket, formerly the New Zealand Cricket Council, is the governing body for professional cricket in New Zealand. Cricket is the most popular and highest profile summer sport in New Zealand.

New Zealand Cricket operates the New Zealand cricket team, organising Test tours and One-Day Internationals with other nations. It also organises domestic cricket in New Zealand, including the Plunket Shield first-class competition, The Ford Trophy men's domestic one-day competition, the Hallyburton Johnstone Shield women's domestic one-day competition, as well as the Men's Super Smash and Women's Super Smash domestic Twenty20 competitions.

Scott Weenink is the Chief Executive Officer of New Zealand Cricket. Tom Latham is the current Blackcaps Test captain, succeeding Tim Southee who still represents the team. Sophie Devine is the current White Ferns captain.
Abedin (crater)
Abedin is a crater on Mercury. It was named after the Bangladeshi artist Zainul Abedin by the IAU in 2009.

Abedin exhibits a complex crater structure with a smooth floor, wall terraces, and a central peak complex. The chains of smaller craters surrounding Abedin are secondary craters formed by ejecta from the initial impact. The northwestern section of Abedin's continuous ejecta blanket appears to have a lower reflectance than the rest of the material adjacent to the crater rim. This pattern suggests that the darker material resided at some depth beneath the northwestern portion of the pre-impact target area and was excavated and redeposited during the crater's formation.

An irregular depression within the central peak complex is evidence of explosive volcanism.

Reflectance
The reflectance of the surface of a material is its effectiveness in reflecting radiant energy. It is the fraction of incident electromagnetic power that is reflected at the boundary. Reflectance is a component of the response of the electronic structure of the material to the electromagnetic field of light, and is in general a function of the frequency, or wavelength, of the light, its polarization, and the angle of incidence. The dependence of reflectance on the wavelength is called a reflectance spectrum or spectral reflectance curve.
Sean Safo-Antwi
Sean Safo-Antwi (born 31 October 1990 in London) is a Ghanaian sprinter. He competed for Great Britain before switching allegiance to Ghana in early 2016, a move that the British Federation did not oppose. He was due to represent Ghana for the first time at the 2016 World Indoor Championships but was withdrawn at the last minute. In 2016 he represented Ghana in the 100 metres at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

He competed for Ghana at the 2020 Summer Olympics in the men's 4 x 100 metres relay.

2016 IAAF World Indoor Championships
The 16th IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics were held between March 17 and 20, 2016 in Portland, Oregon, United States.

The event did not feature Russia. Following a WADA investigation into widespread and institutional doping practices in Russian athletics, the IAAF provisionally suspended Russia's membership of the organisation in November 2015, effectively excluding the country both from hosting events and entering competitions.

Russia's effective exclusion from the tournament was confirmed in November 2015 when it was announced by IAAF that a decision over lifting its provisional suspension from international athletics would not be taken until the end of March at the earliest.
Lectionary 328
Lectionary 328 (Gregory-Aland), designated by siglum ℓ 328 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering) is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th century. The manuscript has not survived in complete condition.

Scribal abbreviation
Scribal abbreviations, or sigla (singular: siglum), are abbreviations used by ancient and medieval scribes writing in various languages, including Latin, Greek, Old English and Old Norse.

In modern manuscript editing (substantive and mechanical) sigla are the symbols used to indicate the source manuscript (e.g. variations in text between different such manuscripts).
Veyyalore Nagar Panchayat
Veyyalore Town Panchayat (Veyyalore Gram Panchayat), is located in Keerapalayam district in Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu. This panchayat falls under Bhuvanagiri Assembly constituency
and Chidambaram Lok Sabha constituency.
This panchayat has a total of 7 panchayat constituencies. 7 Panchayat Council members are elected from these. According to the 2011 India Census, the total population is 2234. Among them 1120 females and 1114 males.

Chidambaram Lok Sabha constituency
Chidambaram is a Lok Sabha (Parliament of India) constituency in Tamil Nadu. Its Tamil Nadu Parliamentary Constituency number is 27 of 39. The seat is reserved for scheduled castes. It spread on district of Ariyalur and Cuddalore.