hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lernu!
lernu! is a multilingual, web-based free project for promoting and teaching Esperanto. The name Lernu comes from the imperative form of the Esperanto verb lerni, meaning "to learn". The site is run by E@I, an international youth organization, which started as a working group of the World Esperanto Youth Organization.

The site's content includes various tools for learning Esperanto, such as exercises, games, dictionaries, grammatical overviews, an examination system and a multimedia library with books, music, voice-narrated stories and videos. The site also provides communication services such as an instant messenger, discussion forums on various topics, and news about Esperanto events. Esperantists and Esperanto organizations can advertise their activities and services on the website.

Means of communication
Means of communication or media are ways used by people to communicate and exchange information with each other as an information sender and a receiver. Diverse arrays of media that reach a large audience via mass communication are called mass media.
Julia Unwin
Dame Julia Unwin DBE FAcSS (born 6 July 1956) is a British businessperson who was chief executive of the Joseph Rowntree Foundation (JRF) and the Joseph Rowntree Housing Trust (JRHT). The Guardian in 2007 described her as a "major player in the voluntary sector". In 2012, she was appointed by the Scottish Government as a member of the Expert Working Group on Welfare and Constitutional Reform.

Joseph Rowntree Foundation
The Joseph Rowntree Foundation (JRF) is a charity that conducts and funds research aimed at solving poverty in the UK. JRF's stated aim is to "inspire action and change that will create a prosperous UK without poverty."

Originally called the Joseph Rowntree Village Trust, it was founded by English businessman Joseph Rowntree in 1904. Rowntree, a Quaker, was a long-standing philanthropist and with his brother developed a confectionery company, Rowntree's. He established the foundation in order to investigate the root causes of social problems. In its current form, the foundation works with private, public and voluntary sectors, as well as impoverished people. It is politically neutral and independent from all UK political parties.
WYGS
WYGS (91.1 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a Southern Gospel format licensed to Hope, Indiana, United States. It serves the Columbus, Indiana area. The station is currently owned by Good Shepherd Radio, Inc.

WYGS is also heard on WKRY 88.1 in Versailles, Indiana, WAUZ 89.1 in Greensburg, Indiana, WHMO 91.1 in Madison, Indiana, and W248AF 97.5 in Batesville, Indiana.

Hope, Indiana
Hope is a town in Haw Creek Township, Bartholomew County, Indiana, United States, known for its historic character. The population was 2,099 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Columbus, Indiana, metropolitan statistical area.
Throne Room (album)
Throne Room is the sixth studio album by American gospel artist CeCe Winans. It was released by Puresprings Gospel and Epic Records on September 9, 2003 in the United States. "Hallelujah Praise" was the only single spawned from the release. After the release of the album, Winans embarked on a 25-city tour with Anointed that had no admission fees.

Puresprings Gospel
PureSprings Gospel (formerly WellSpring Gospel) is a gospel music record label by gospel artist CeCe Winans. Winans founded the label in 1999 when Pioneer folded and released Alabaster Box as an experimental album and the album did well. Winans appointed Demetrius Stewart to oversee the label.

The label has signed several artists though Winans remains the flagship artist of the label. The label has also ventured into compilation CDs and children releases.
Grizzly–polar bear hybrid
A grizzly–polar-bear hybrid (also named grolar bear, pizzly bear, zebra bear, grizzlar, or nanulak) is a rare ursid hybrid that has occurred both in captivity and in the wild. In 2006, the occurrence of this hybrid in nature was confirmed by testing the DNA of a unique-looking bear who had been shot near Sachs Harbour, Northwest Territories, on Banks Island in the Canadian Arctic. The number of confirmed hybrids has since risen to eight, all of them descending from the same female polar bear.

Possible wild-bred polar bear–grizzly bear hybrids have been reported and shot in the past, but DNA tests were not available to verify the bears' ancestry.

Genetic analysis has revealed multiple instances of introgressive hybridization between bear species, including introgression of polar bear DNA into brown bears during the Pleistocene ("grizzly bear" is a local common name for Ursus arctos whereas "brown bear" is used internationally and in science to refer to the species as a whole).

Introgression
Introgression, also known as introgressive hybridization, in genetics is the transfer of genetic material from one species into the gene pool of another by the repeated backcrossing of an interspecific hybrid with one of its parent species. Introgression is a long-term process, even when artificial; it may take many hybrid generations before significant backcrossing occurs. This process is distinct from most forms of gene flow in that it occurs between two populations of different species, rather than two populations of the same species.

Introgression also differs from simple hybridization. Simple hybridization results in a relatively even mixture; gene and allele frequencies in the first generation will be a uniform mix of two parental species, such as that observed in mules. Introgression, on the other hand, results in a complex, highly variable mixture of genes, and may only involve a minimal percentage of the donor genome.
Bavarian EP 1
The electric passenger train locomotives of Bavarian Class EP 3/5 were the first electric locomotives designed for single-phase AC, 15 kV, 16+2⁄3 Hz working for the Royal Bavarian State Railways. The first electrical services in Bavaria were on the Murnau–Oberammergau line using 5 kV and 16 Hz on 1 January 1905. After 1918 they were reclassified as EP1 20 001 – 005 and taken over by the DR as E 62 01 – 05.

Ammergau Railway
The Ammergau Railway or Ammergaubahn (sometimes called the Ammertalbahn or "Ammer Valley Railway", originally the Lokalbahn Murnau–Oberammergau) is a single-tracked, electrified railway line in Bavaria in southern Germany. It runs from Murnau to Oberammergau, its latter stages following the valley of the river Ammer from which it derives its name. This stub line to Oberammergau branches off at Murnau from the Munich–Garmisch-Partenkirchen main line.
The Honor of Rameriz
The Honor of Rameriz (often incorrectly referred to with the correct spelling of 'Ramirez': The Honor of Ramirez) is a 1921 American short silent Western film produced by Cyrus J. Williams and distributed by Pathé Exchange. It was directed by Robert North Bradbury and stars Tom Santschi, Bessie Love, and Ruth Stonehouse.

This short film was part of the "Santschi Series", which included the other short films The Spirit of the Lake, The Heart of Doreon, Lorraine of the Timberlands, and Mother o' Dreams, all of which starred Santschi.

The film is presumed lost.

Ramírez (surname)
Ramírez is a Spanish-language patronymic surname of Germanic origin, meaning "son of Ramiro". Its correct spelling in Spanish is with an acute accent on the i, which is often omitted in English writing. It is the 28th most common surname in Spain. It is also the 42nd most common surname in the U.S. and the 9th most common in Mexico.
Asteria Regio
Asteria Regio is a geological region on the planet Venus, located in the northern hemisphere near the western portion of the Ishtar Terra highlands and bordered on the southeast by Phoebe Regio.

Located in the Hecate Chasma (v28) quadrangle, it lies approximately between 26.1°N 263.5ºE and 17.1ºN 271.5º. The region spans 1131 kilometers in diameter and is named after Asteria, a figure from Greek mythology associated with the stars and prophetic dreams.

Asteria Regio is characterized by complex tectonic and volcanic features, including fractures, ridges, and lava plains. The region's morphology suggests significant geological activity in Venus's past, likely related to mantle upwelling or lithospheric deformation.

The surface of Asteria Regio has been mapped in detail by radar imaging, particularly by NASA’s Magellan mission (1990–1994), which provided high-resolution data for Venus's surface despite its dense cloud cover.

Lithosphere
A lithosphere is the rigid outermost rocky shell of a terrestrial planet or natural satellite. On Earth, it is composed of the crust and the lithospheric mantle, the topmost portion of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on time scales of up to thousands of years or more. The crust and upper mantle are distinguished on the basis of chemistry and mineralogy.
Tannis Slimmon
Tannis Slimmon is a Canadian folk music singer-songwriter based in Guelph, Ontario. She is most noted for her 2008 album Lucky Blue, which won the Canadian Folk Music Award for Contemporary Album of the Year at the 4th Canadian Folk Music Awards.

Originally from Oak Lake, Manitoba, Slimmon began her musical career as a member of various bands in the Southwestern Ontario region, most notably the folk trio The Bird Sisters with Sue Smith and Jude Vadala, while also working as a laboratory supervisor for the University of Guelph. She also appeared as a backing vocalist on recordings by Barenaked Ladies, Rheostatics, Grievous Angels and Willie P. Bennett.

She released her debut solo album, Oak Lake, in 2001.

Rheostatics
Rheostatics are a Canadian indie rock band. They were formed in 1978, and actively performed from 1980 until disbanding in 2007. After a number of reunion performances at special events, Rheostatics reformed in late 2016, introducing new songs and performing semi-regularly.

Although they had only one Top 40 hit, "Claire" in 1995, they were simultaneously one of Canada's most influential and unconventional rock bands, a band whose eclectic take on pop and rock music has been described both as iconic and iconoclastic. In particular, two of the band's albums, Whale Music and Melville, have been cited in numerous critical and listener polls as among the best Canadian albums ever recorded.
Burghalden railway station
Burghalden is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Zurich and municipality of Richterswil. It is located on the Südostbahn's Wädenswil to Einsiedeln line, within fare zone 153 of the Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV).

Canton of Zurich
The canton of Zurich is an administrative unit (canton) of Switzerland, situated in the northeastern part of the country. With a population of 1,553,423 (as of 31 December 2020), it is the most populous canton of Switzerland. Zurich is the de facto capital of the canton, but is not specifically mentioned in the constitution. The official language is German. The local Swiss German dialect, called Züritüütsch, is commonly spoken.

The canton has the highest Human Development Index score (0.993) out of 1,790 subnational regions as of 2022. It is also a global financial center and has the fourth-highest GRP in Switzerland behind Basel-Stadt, Zug and Geneva by GDP per capita.
Balurghat Law College
Balurghat Law College is a law college in Balurghat, Dakshin Dinajpur, West Bengal. It was established in the year 2001. It is the only law college in the entire district and its neighboring district of Maldah. The college is affiliated to University of Gour Banga. This college is also approved by the Bar Council of India.

Bar Council of India
Bar Council of India (BCI) is a statutory body established under section 4 of the Advocates Act 1961 that regulates the legal practice and legal education in India. Its members are elected from amongst the lawyers in India and represent the Indian bar. It prescribes standards of professional conduct, etiquettes and exercises disciplinary jurisdiction over the bar. It also sets standards for legal education and grants recognition to universities whose law degrees will qualify students to enrol themselves as advocates upon graduation.
Rectus femoris muscle
The rectus femoris muscle is one of the four quadriceps muscles of the human body. The others are the vastus medialis, the vastus intermedius (deep to the rectus femoris), and the vastus lateralis. All four parts of the quadriceps muscle attach to the patella (knee cap) by the quadriceps tendon.

The rectus femoris is situated in the middle of the front of the thigh; it is fusiform in shape, and its superficial fibers are arranged in a bipenniform manner, the deep fibers running straight (Latin: rectus) down to the deep aponeurosis. Its functions are to flex the thigh at the hip joint and to extend the leg at the knee joint.

Quadriceps tendon
In human anatomy, the quadriceps tendon works with the quadriceps muscle to extend the leg. All four parts of the quadriceps muscle attach to the shin via the patella (knee cap), where the quadriceps tendon becomes the patellar ligament. It attaches the quadriceps to the top of the patella, which in turn is connected to the shin from its bottom by the patellar ligament. A tendon connects muscle to bone, while a ligament connects bone to bone.

Injuries are common to this tendon, with tears, either partial or complete, being the most common.  If the quadriceps tendon is completely torn, surgery will be required to regain function of the knee.  Without the quadriceps tendon, the knee cannot extend.  Often, when the tendon is completely torn, part of the kneecap bone will break off with the tendon as well.  It can rupture resulting in quadriceps tendon rupture.

It has been studied in the analysis of patellofemoral pain syndrome.
2023 Hamburg European Open – Women's singles
Arantxa Rus defeated Noma Noha Akugue in the final, 6–0, 7–6(7–3) to win the women's singles title at the 2023 Hamburg European Open. It was her first WTA Tour title. Rus, at 32 years of age, became the oldest first-time WTA champion in the last 40 years. She was playing in her 126th tour-level main-draw. It was Noha Akugue's first WTA Tour main draw singles appearance. The final was the first between two left-handed players since the 2018 Prague Open.

Bernarda Pera was the defending champion, but lost to Diana Shnaider in the quarterfinals.

Elsa Jacquemot
Elsa Jacquemot (born 3 May 2003) is a French tennis player.
She has career-high WTA rankings of world No. 55 in singles achieved on the 29 December 2025 and No. 325 in doubles. She is the current French No. 2 player.
Cecil Butcher
Cecil Frank Butcher (31 October 1872 – 22 March 1929) was an English cricketer.  Butcher was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium.  He was born at Brighton, Sussex.

Butcher made his first-class debut for Sussex against Kent in 1894 County Championship at the County Ground, Hove.  He made five further first-class appearances for Sussex, the last of which came against Lancashire in 1896 County Championship. Smith's role in a team was a bowler, in his six first-class matches for Sussex he took 9 wickets at an average of 39.44, with best figures of 3/107. With the bat, he scored 36 runs at an average of 3.00, with a high score of 13.

He died at Portslade, Sussex, on 22 March 1929.

Portslade
Portslade is a western suburb of the city of Brighton and Hove in the ceremonial county of East Sussex, England. Portslade Village, the original settlement a mile inland to the north, was built up in the 16th century. The arrival of the railway from Brighton in 1840 encouraged rapid development of the coastal area and in 1898 the southern part, formerly known as Copperas Gap, was granted urban district status and renamed Portslade-by-Sea, making it distinct from Portslade Village. After World War II the district of Mile Oak to the north was added. Today, Portslade is bisected from east to west by the old A27 road (now the A270) between Brighton and Worthing, each part having a distinct character.
Clitheroe (UK Parliament constituency)
Clitheroe was a parliamentary constituency in Lancashire.

The town of Clitheroe was first enfranchised as a parliamentary borough in 1559, returning two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of England until 1707, then to the House of Commons of Great Britain until 1800, and finally to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom until 1832.  The borough's representation was reduced to one MP by the Reform Act 1832.

The parliamentary borough was abolished under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, and the name transferred to a new county division with effect from the 1885 general election. The county division returned one MP until it was abolished for the 1983 general election. It was then largely replaced by the new Ribble Valley constituency.

1885 United Kingdom general election
The 1885 United Kingdom general election was held from 24 November to 18 December 1885. The first general election after an extension of the franchise and redistribution of seats, it saw the Liberals lose their majority.

The election saw the Liberals, led by William Gladstone, win the most seats, but not an overall majority, so a minority government was necessary. The Irish Nationalists held the balance of power between the Liberals and the Conservatives who sat with a large number of allied Unionist MPs (their name referred to their support for the Union of Great Britain and Ireland). The pressure of minority government status exacerbated divisions within the Liberals over Irish Home Rule. This led to a Liberal split that caused another general election the following year.

The 1885 election saw the first socialist party participate, with the Social Democratic Federation led by H. M. Hyndman standing three candidates. None were elected.
Matich (surname)
Matich is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Brent Matich (born December 5, 1966), former Canadian football punter

Frank Matich (1935–2015), Australian racing car driver

Matt Matich (born 1991), New Zealand rugby union player

Trevor Matich (born 1961),  American football analyst and former player

Brent Matich
Brent Matich (born December 5, 1966) is a Canadian former professional football punter who played eight seasons in the Canadian Football League (CFL) with the Calgary Stampeders and Saskatchewan Roughriders.
Cerium(III) sulfate
Cerium(III) sulfate, also called cerous sulfate, is an inorganic compound with the formula Ce2(SO4)3.  It is one of the few salts whose solubility in water decreases with rising temperature.

Cerium(III) sulfate (anhydrous) is a hygroscopic white solid, which begins to decompose above 600°C. It has a monoclinic crystal structure.

Cerium(III) sulfate tetrahydrate is a white solid that releases its water of crystallisation at 220 °C. It has (like the white octahydrate) a monoclinic crystal structure with the space group P21/c (space group 14).  The nonahydrate has a hexagonal crystal structure with the space group P63/m (space group 176). Hydrates of this compound are known with 12, 9, 8, 5, 4 and 2 parts of water of crystallisation.

Solubility table
The tables below provides information on the variation of solubility of different substances (mostly inorganic compounds) in water with temperature, at one atmosphere pressure. Units of solubility are given in grams of substance per 100 millilitres of water (g/100 ml), unless shown otherwise. The substances are listed in latin alphabetical order.
Mattampally mandal
Mattampally mandal is one of the 23 mandals in Suryapet district of the Indian state of Telangana. It is under the administration of Huzurnagar revenue division with its headquarters at Mattampally. It is bounded by Mellachervu mandal towards East, Huzurnagar mandal towards North, Garidepally mandal towards west, Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh towards South.

Suryapet district
Suryapet district is a district in the Indian state of Telangana. The city of Suryapet is the district headquarters. The district has three revenue divisions Suryapet, Kodad and Huzurnagar. It is sub-divided into 23 mandals. The district shares boundaries with Nalgonda, Khammam, Yadadri, Jangaon and Mahabubabad districts and with the state of Andhra Pradesh.
Roshn Front
Roshn Front (Arabic: واجهة روشن), formerly Riyadh Front (Arabic: واجهة الرياض), is a mega business and leisure development in Sedra, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located east of Princess Nora bint Abdul Rahman University. Primarily active during the Riyadh Season entertainment festival, it was inaugurated in 2019 and is categorically split into 'Shopping' and 'Business' areas, with the latter serving as a business park. It was acquired by Roshn in 2022.

Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University
Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU; Arabic: جامعة الأميرة نورة بنت عبد الرحمن), formerly Riyadh University for Women, is a public women's university in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It is the largest women's university in the world. Established in 1970 during the reign of King Faisal bin Abdulalziz, it assumed its current name in 2008 when it was granted university status by King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz and is named after Noura bint Abdul Rahman, elder sister and adviser of King Abdulaziz ibn Saud and the eldest daughter of Abdul Rahman bin Faisal, the last emir of the Second Saudi State.

The university offers diplomas, bachelor and postgraduate degrees. It has 34 colleges in the city of Riyadh and in the neighbouring cities, an Arabic Language Institute (for non-speakers of Arabic), a Deanship of Community Service and Continuous Education, and a Community College. It has more than 5,000 academic and administrative staff.
St. Joseph's Catholic Church (Bowling Green, Kentucky)
The St. Joseph Roman Catholic Church in Bowling Green, Kentucky, is a historic church at 434 Church Street. It was built in 1859 and added to the National Register in 1975.  It has also been known as St. Joseph's Church. It was added to the National Register because it possesses exceptional interest for its history and architecture.

Bowling Green, Kentucky
Bowling Green is a city in and the county seat of Warren County, Kentucky, United States. Its population was 72,294 as of the  2020 census, making it the third-most populous city in the state, after Louisville and Lexington. The Bowling Green metropolitan area is the fourth-largest in the state and had a population of 179,639 in 2020.

Founded by pioneers in 1798, Bowling Green was the provisional capital of Confederate Kentucky during the American Civil War. In the 21st century, it is the location of numerous manufacturers, including General Motors, Spalding, and Fruit of the Loom. The Bowling Green Assembly Plant has been the source of all Chevrolet Corvettes built since 1981. Bowling Green is also home to Western Kentucky University (or WKU for short), and the National Corvette Museum.
Bergman High School
Bergman High School is a comprehensive public high school in Bergman, Arkansas, United States. Established in 1930, Bergman High School supports the communities of Bergman, Zinc and nearby unincorporated communities in Boone County and the only high school administered by the Bergman School District.

Boone County, Arkansas
Boone County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas, along the Missouri border. As of the 2020 census, the population was 37,373. The county seat is Harrison. It is Arkansas's 62nd county, formed on April 9, 1869.

Boone County is part of the Harrison, Arkansas, Micropolitan Statistical Area.