hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pancho Medrano
Francisco F. Medrano (August 2, 1920 – April 4, 2002) was an American labor rights and civil rights activist. His work extended throughout the state of Texas and the country, and his family became prominent Dallas civic leaders. He is known for his motto: "In America, everything is politics, from the day you are born, until the day you die."

Medrano rejected contemporary views of Mexican-American social and legal whiteness, in part because of the treatment he received because of his physical appearance: he was rejected from a work position because he looked "too much like a Negro to be hired". He expressed frustration with Mexican-American leadership, such as the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) and the American GI Forum, for being unwilling to organize protests. Medrano had no interest in identifying as Latino, and instead embraced the label of Chicano.

Definitions of whiteness in the United States
The legal and social strictures that define White Americans, and distinguish them from persons who are not considered white by the government and society, have varied throughout the history of the United States. Race is defined as a social and political category within society based on hierarchy.
1992 Federation Cup Europe/Africa Zone – Knockout Stage
The Knockout Stage of the 1992 Federation Cup Europe/Africa Zone was the final stage of the Zonal Competition involving teams from Europe and Africa. Those that qualified for this stage placed first and second in their respective pools.

The eight teams were then randomly drawn into a three-stage knockout tournament, with the winner qualifying for the World Group.

1992 Federation Cup World Group
The World Group was the highest level of Federation Cup women's team tennis competition in 1992. Thirty-two nations competed in a five-round knockout competition from 13 to 19 July. Spain was the defending champion, but Germany defeated them in the final to claim their second title and first since the reunification.
Philippine Registry of Cultural Property
The Philippine Registry of Heritage or TALAPAMANA ng Pilipinas (formerly Philippine Registry of Cultural Property, abbreviated as PRECUP) (Filipino: Patalaan ng mga Ari-ariang Kultural ng Pilipinas), is a national registry of the Philippine Government used to consolidate in one record all cultural property that are deemed important to the cultural heritage, tangible and intangible, of the Philippines. On June 11, 2018, the entries in the newly updated PRECUP was at 3,921. Additionally, 1,259 out of 1,715 LGUs (provincial, municipal/city-levels), or 73 percent of LGUs have established local cultural inventories (LCI).

Important Cultural Property (Philippines)
An Important Cultural Property (Filipino: Mahalagang Yamang Pangkalinangan) of the Philippines is a cultural property which has been singled out from among the innumerable cultural properties as possessing "exceptional cultural, artistic, or historical significance" to the Philippines.

It is the second level of protection after the classification of List of National Cultural Treasures in the Philippines.

The lists of cultural properties are declared by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts, National Historical Commission of the Philippines, and the National Museum of the Philippines. The last list of important cultural properties was published on December 15, 2015.
Marinerang Pilipina Lady Skippers
The Marinerang Pilipina Lady Skippers were a women's volleyball team in the Philippines. The team competed in the Philippine Super Liga (PSL) from 2019 to 2020, debuting in the 2019 All-Filipino Conference. It was affiliated with the Marinerong Pilipino Skippers men's basketball team in the PBA D-League.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 season of the PSL was cancelled. Prior to the beginning of 2021 season, the team, along with two other member teams took an indefinite leave of absence from the league. The Lady Skippers were one of the PSL teams that did not make jump to the professional Premier Volleyball League (PVL).

2020 Philippine Super Liga season
The 2020 Philippine Super Liga season was the eighth season of the Philippine Super Liga (PSL). The season opened with the Grand Prix, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the imposition of enhanced community quarantine (ECQ) in Luzon, the Grand Prix was suspended on March 23, with its last matches being played behind closed doors on March 10.

The Beach Volleyball Challenge Cup was supposed to be held this season, but was cancelled due to weather conditions.
Charlotte Werndl
Charlotte Werndl is an Austrian philosopher. She holds a chair in logic and philosophy of science at the University of Salzburg and a visiting professorship at the London School of Economics. Werndl is known for her works on philosophy of science and is a winner of Cushing Memorial Prize in History and Philosophy of Physics (2011).

University of Salzburg
The University of Salzburg (German: Universität Salzburg, pronounced [univɛrsiˈtɛːt ˈsaltsbʊrɡ]), also known as the Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (Paris-Lodron-Universität Salzburg, PLUS), is an Austrian public university in Salzburg municipality, Salzburg State, named after its founder, Prince-Archbishop Paris Lodron.

Established in 1622, the university was closed in 1810 and re-established in 1962. Nowadays, it has around 18,000 students and 2,800 employees; it is the largest educational institution in Salzburg State. It is divided into six faculties: Catholic Theology, Law and Economics, Cultural Sciences, Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, Analytical and Life Sciences.
Graham Brody
Graham Brody (born 29 October 1993) is an Irish Gaelic footballer who has played for Portlaoise and the Laois county team.

He made his senior inter-county debut for Laois in 2014, having played at minor and under-21 level in previous years.

Brody received an All-Star nomination in 2018 following a season in which he appeared in the Leinster SFC final and played in the Round 4 qualifier against Monaghan.

He has played for Laois as a "fly goalkeeper".

After finishing his career with Laois and Portlaoise, Brody played when North London Shamrocks won a first London Senior Football Championship title in 2024 and was included on the London senior panel ahead of the 2025 National Football League.

London Senior Football Championship
The London Senior Football Championship is a Gaelic Athletic Association cup competition between the top Gaelic football clubs in London, England. The London Football championship began in 1897 with Ireland United winning the first title. Tir Chonaill Gaels have won the competition the most times (18).

The 2025 Champions are North London Shamrocks who beat St Kiernan's 1-11 to 1-08 in the final.
David Hargreaves (academic)
David Hargreaves FAcSS (born 1939) was educated at Bolton School and Christ's College, Cambridge. He was Associate Director for Development and Research of the Specialist Schools and Academies Trust (SSAT). He is a Fellow Emeritus of Wolfson College, Cambridge and was a Foundation Academician of the Academy of the Social Sciences.

He has been Chairman of the British Educational Communications and Technology Agency (BECTA), Chief Inspector of the Inner London Education Authority and Chief Executive of the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority (QCA). He has held academic posts in teacher education at the University of Manchester, the University of Oxford (where he was Reader in Education and a Fellow of Jesus College from 1979 to 1984) and the University of Cambridge and is visiting professor of education at the University of Manchester. He is the author of several books on educational theory and was a Senior Associate of the think tank Demos.

Victoria University of Manchester
The Victoria University of Manchester, usually referred to as simply the University of Manchester, was a university in Manchester, England. It was founded in 1851 as Owens College. In 1880, the college joined the federal Victoria University. After the break-up of the Victoria University, it gained an independent university charter in 1904 as the Victoria University of Manchester.

On 1 October 2004, the Victoria University of Manchester merged with the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) to form a new, larger entity named the University of Manchester.
Lamar Municipal Airport (Missouri)
Lamar Municipal Airport (ICAO: KLLU, FAA LID: LLU) is a public airport located two miles southwest of the town of Lamar, in Barton County, Missouri, United States.

It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2025–2029, in which it is categorized as a local general aviation facility.

Most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, but Lamar Municipal Airport is LLU to the FAA and has no IATA code. (IATA assigned LLU to Alluitsup Paa, Greenland).

Alluitsup Paa
Alluitsup Paa (old spelling prior to the orthography reform in 1973: Agdluitsup pâ) is a village in the Kujalleq municipality in southern Greenland. Alluitsup Paa had 202 residents in 2020. Presently, the community's religious activities take place in Qaqortoq.
Karachay Uprising of 1855
The Karachay Uprising of 1855 was a rebellion by the Karachay people and Circassian mountain tribes against the Russian Empire during the Caucasian War. This uprising took place in August 1855 in what is now the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. It was organized by the naib (deputy) of Imam Shamil, Muhammad Amin, alongside Muhammad Efendi Hubiev, a spiritual leader of the Karachay people. The primary goal was to expel Russian influence from the region and unite the local forces with those of Imam Shamil.

Muhammad Amin Asiyalav
Muhammad-Amin Asiyalav or Naib Emin Pasha (Adyghe: Наиб Мыхьэмэд Амин, romanized: Najyb Myhəməd Amin; Avar: МухIаммад Амин Асиялав; Turkish: Naib Emin Paşa; 1818 – 8 April 1901) was a North Caucasian military commander and Islamic preacher of Avar origin who served as the de facto leader of the Circassian Confederation from 1848 to 1859. He was one of the Circassian leaders in the Russo-Circassian War and the third naib (representative) of Imam Shamil.

His era was marked with various reforms in industry, diplomacy, military, administration, religious issues and more. He gradually removed slavery, strictly banned social classes, built schools and small factories.
Apollo Recordings
Apollo Recordings was a British dance music label established in 2006 by Matt Jagger.  It was an imprint of Universal-Island Records, part of the Universal Music corporation.

Their first release "Thunder in My Heart Again" by Meck featuring Leo Sayer was a number one hit on the UK singles chart in February 2006. Apollo was run in conjunction with the Europa Recordings imprint, but both were closed down by Universal in 2007.

Meck (musician)
Craig Dimech (born September 1970), known by his stage name Meck, is a British DJ who was the former head of free2air recordings and later Frenetic Recordings. He appeared at number 90 the DJ Mag Top 100 DJs list in 1999.

Known initially for the re-working of Leo Sayer's "Thunder in My Heart Again", he has gone on to forge a partnership with Italian vocalist, producer and DJ Dino Lenny.
Thamos, King of Egypt
Thamos, King of Egypt (or King Thamos; in German, Thamos, König in Ägypten) is a play by Tobias Philipp von Gebler, for which, between 1773 and 1780, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart wrote incidental music, K. 345/336a, of an operatic character.

The autograph manuscript of the work is preserved in the Berlin State Library.

Köchel catalogue
The Köchel catalogue (German: Köchel-Verzeichnis) is a catalogue of compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, originally created by Ludwig Ritter von Köchel, in which the entries are abbreviated K. or KV. Its numbers reflect the ongoing task of compiling the chronology of Mozart's works, and provide a shorthand reference to the compositions. For example, according to Köchel's counting, Requiem in D minor is the 626th piece Mozart composed, thus is designated K. 626.

Köchel's original catalogue (1862) has been revised several times. Catalogue numbers from these revised editions are indicated either by parentheses or by superscript: K. 49 (47d) or K.6 47d refers to the work numbered 47d in the sixth edition. The catalog was originally chronological, though revisions made chronological ordering of Mozart's works difficult and as of 2024 a new organizational system is used for the ninth version.
Maithanam
Maithanam (transl. Stadium/Ground) is a 2011 Indian Tamil-language film written and directed by M. S. Shakthivel, starring four assistant directors, M. A. Kennedy, Suresh Guru, Jyothi Raj and Sekhar. The film released on 20 May 2011. Upon release, Maithaanam received rave reviews, and was screened at the 2011 Dubai International Film Festival with the tagline Life is a Game.

Dubai International Film Festival
The Dubai International Film Festival (DIFF, Arabic: مهرجان دبي السينمائي الدولي) was the largest film festival in the Arab region.  With particular emphasis on showcasing Arab, Asian, and African cinema, it also helped to develop industry and talent in the region. It was held in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates.

The Muhr Awards, including the Muhr AsiaAfrica Awards, are the main festival awards.
Doug Munro (musician)
Doug Munro (born July 9, 1953) is an American musician, arranger, producer, composer, author, and educator specializing in jazz, bebop, Brazilian jazz, jazz fusion, and gypsy swing. Since 1986 he has released over fifteen albums as a band leader and has appeared on over 75 recordings as a guitarist, sideman, producer, and arranger. He has been nominated for two Grammy Awards and was the recipient of two NAIRD Awards by the American Association of Independent Music.

In 1993 Munro founded the Purchase College Jazz Studies program and served as director from 1993–2002. He is on a faculty member and Director Emeritus of the Jazz Studies program at the Conservatory of Music at Purchase College. He has written four books on jazz guitar improvisation techniques for Alfred Music, including Swing to Bebop.

His preferred guitars are the Gibson ES175 Herb Ellis model, Godin Multiac Nylon Duet, Dell'Arte Legend 503, Martin D-35, and the Fender Telecaster.

Alfred Music
Alfred Music is an American music publishing company. Founded in New York in 1922, it is headquartered in Van Nuys, California, with additional branches in Miami, New York, Germany, Singapore, and the United Kingdom.
Gegenes niso
Gegenes niso, the common Hottentot skipper or plain Hottentot skipper, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Africa. It is found in a wide range of habitats, including savanna, grassland and open patches in forests.

The wingspan is 29–33 mm for males and 29–35 mm for females. Adults are on the wing year-round in warmer areas (with a peak from October to March) and from October to March in cooler areas.

The larvae feed on various grass species, namely Ehrharta species (including Ehrharta erecta), Pennisetum clandestinum, Zea and Cynodon species.

Ehrharta
Ehrharta is a genus of plants in the grass family.

Most of the species are native to Africa, with others native to the southern Arabian Peninsula, Maluku Islands, Fiji, and New Zealand. Several including Ehrharta longiflora, Ehrharta calycina and Ehrharta erecta have been introduced to parts of North and South America, Europe, India, and Australia, and are considered invasive weeds.

Common names for this genus include veldtgrass.

This genus was named for the German botanist Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart, 1742–1795.
Malacothamnus palmeri
Malacothamnus palmeri is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family known by the common names Cambria bushmallow and Palmer's bushmallow. It is endemic to San Luis Obispo County, California, where it is known from the Santa Lucia Mountains.

Malvaceae
Malvaceae (/mælˈveɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include cacao, cola, cotton, okra, roselle and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea (hollyhock), Malva (mallow), and Tilia (lime or linden tree). The genera with the largest numbers of species include Hibiscus (434 species), Pavonia (291 species), Sida (275 species), Ayenia (216 species), Dombeya (197 species), and Sterculia (181 species).
Aspal Close
Aspal Close is an 18.9 hectare Local Nature Reserve in Beck Row in Suffolk. It is owned by West Suffolk District Council and managed by the council together with Aspal Close Management Committee.

This site has grassland, woodland and scrub. Almost 300 plant species and six bats have been recorded, and there are around 200 ancient oaks, some of which may be 1,000 years old. There is a car park and a football pitch. The site is protected by Fields in Trust through a legal "Deed of Dedication" safeguarding the future of the space as public recreation land for future generations to enjoy.

There is access from St John Street.

Beck Row
Beck Row is a village in the civil parish of Beck Row, Holywell Row and Kenny Hill, in the West Suffolk district, in the county of Suffolk, England. The village is close to RAF Mildenhall and is home to about 3000 people. The village has an old church and a beacon dating from the time of the Battle of Trafalgar. A Victoria Cross recipient, Ron Middleton, is buried in the local cemetery, with a small cul-de-sac named in his honour.
Ingvard Havnen
Ingvard Martin Havnen (born 26 July 1951) is a Norwegian diplomat.

He is a cand.polit. by education, and started working for the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1980. He notably worked as press spokesman in the ministry from 1992 to 2000, before serving as the Norwegian ambassador to Canada from 2000 to 2005. In 2005 he was appointed as a deputy under-secretary of state in the Norwegian Office of the Prime Minister. He has been decorated with the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit.

Office of the Prime Minister (Norway)
The Norwegian Office of the Prime Minister (Norwegian: Statsministerens kontor, abbreviated SMK) is a cabinet department that assists the Cabinet of Norway and the Prime Minister of Norway in the leadership of the Cabinet and Government. It has since 2021 been led by Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre (Labour Party). The State Secretary in charge of the office is Kristine Joy Nordenson Kallset. The office has about 55 employees.
CJOH-DT
CJOH-DT (channel 13, cable channel 7) is a television station in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, owned and operated by the CTV Television Network, a division of Bell Media. It shares studios with Pembroke-licensed CTV2 outlet CHRO-TV (channel 5) and Bell's Ottawa radio properties at the Market Media Mall building on George Street in downtown Ottawa's ByWard Market. CJOH-DT's transmitter is located on the Ryan Tower at Camp Fortune in Chelsea, Quebec, north of Gatineau.

Gatineau
Gatineau (/ˈɡætɪnoʊ/ GAT-in-oh; French: [ɡatino] ⓘ) is a city in southwestern Quebec, Canada. It is located on the northern bank of the Ottawa River, directly across from Ottawa, Ontario. Gatineau is the largest city in the Outaouais administrative region of Quebec and is also part of Canada's National Capital Region. As of 2021, Gatineau is the fourth-largest city in Quebec with a population of 291,041. Gatineau is also part of the Ottawa-Gatineau census metropolitan area with a population of 1,488,307, making it the fourth largest in Canada.

Gatineau is coextensive with a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of the same name, whose geographical code is 81. It is the seat of the judicial district of Hull.

It is also the most bilingual (French-English) city in Canada.
Papanek
Papanek is a surname of Austrian origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Ernst Papanek (1900–1973), Austrian American educational psychologist
Gustav Fritz Papanek (1926–2022), Austrian American development economist, son of Ernst Papanek
Hanna Papanek (1927–2017), German-American anthropologist, wife of Gustav Fritz Papanek

Victor Papanek (1923–1998), Austrian-born American designer and educator

Hanna Papanek
Hanna Kaiser Papanek (January 24, 1927 – December 16, 2017) was a German-born American feminist scholar. She made extended anthropological studies of women's lives in Pakistan in the 1950s and in Indonesia in the 1970s.
Paco Bandeira
Francisco Veredas Bandeiras, better known as Paco Bandeira, (born 2 May 1945, Elvas, Portugal) is a singer and musician from Portugal.

He is known for representing his country in the second edition of the OTI Festival in 1973 which was held in Belo Horizonte.

In early 2012 he was accused by the Public Prosecutor's Office of domestic violence against his ex-wife, Maria Roseta Ferreira.

In July 2012, he was sentenced to a suspended sentence of three years and four months for domestic violence and possession of a prohibited weapon. The sentence was upheld by the Lisbon Court of Appeal upon appeal.

Elvas
Elvas (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈɛlvɐʃ] ⓘ), officially the City of Elvas (Portuguese: Cidade de Elvas), is a Portuguese municipality, former episcopal city and frontier fortress of easternmost central Portugal, located in the district of Portalegre in Alentejo. It is situated about 200 kilometres (120 mi) east of Lisbon, and about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) west of the Spanish fortress of Badajoz, by the Madrid-Badajoz-Lisbon railway. The municipality population as of 2011 was 23,078, in an area of 631.29 square kilometres (243.74 sq mi). The city itself had a population of 16,640 as of 2011.

Elvas is among the finest examples of intensive usage of the trace italienne (star fort) in military architecture, and has been a World Heritage Site since 30 June 2012. The inscribed site name is Garrison Border Town of Elvas and its Fortifications.
Virgatosphinctes
Virgatosphinctes is an extinct genus of ammonites, which lived in the Tithonian stage of the Jurassic period, from 150.8 to 140.2 Ma . Its fossils have been found in Antarctica, China, Cuba, India, Nepal, Russia and Yemen.

Tithonian
In the geological timescale, the Tithonian is the latest age of the Late Jurassic Epoch and the uppermost stage of the Upper Jurassic Series. It spans the time between 149.2 ±0.7 Ma and 143.1 ±0.6 (million years ago). It is preceded by the Kimmeridgian and followed by the Berriasian (part of the Cretaceous).
Sinoconodon
Sinoconodon is an extinct genus of mammaliamorphs that appears in the fossil record of the Lufeng Formation of China in the Sinemurian stage of the Early Jurassic period, about 193 million years ago. While sharing many plesiomorphic traits with other non-mammaliaform cynodonts, it possessed a special, secondarily evolved jaw joint between the dentary and the squamosal bones, which in more derived taxa would replace the primitive tetrapod one between the articular and quadrate bones. The presence of a dentary-squamosal joint is a trait historically used to define mammals.

Plesiomorphy and symplesiomorphy
In phylogenetics, a plesiomorphy ("near form") and  symplesiomorphy are synonyms for an ancestral character shared by all members of a clade, which does not distinguish the clade from other clades.

Plesiomorphy, symplesiomorphy, apomorphy, and synapomorphy all mean a trait shared between species because they share an ancestral species.

Apomorphic and synapomorphic characteristics convey information about evolutionary clades and can be used to define taxa. However, plesiomorphic and symplesiomorphic characteristics cannot.

The term symplesiomorphy was introduced in 1950 by German entomologist Willi Hennig.