hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Osadchy
Osadchy or Osadchyi (Ukrainian: Осадчий) is a Ukrainian surname derived from a historical administrative position related to the organization of peasant settlement on feudal lands. The feminine form is Osadcha (Ukrainian: Осадча) or Osadchaya (Russian: Осадчая). The Belarusian forms are Asadchy (Belarusian: Асадчы) and Asadchaya (Асадчая). Notable people with the surname include:

Dmytro Osadchyi (disambiguation), several Ukrainian individuals

Liliya Osadchaya (born 1953), Soviet-Ukrainian volleyball player

Kateryna Osadcha (born 1983), Ukrainian journalist

Maksim Osadchy (born 1965), Russian cinematographer

Mykhaylo Osadchy (1936–1994), Ukrainian writer and dissident

Natalya Osadcha-Yanata (1891–1982), Ukrainian botanist

Nikolay Osadchy (born 1957), Russian politician

Stanislav Osadchiy (born 1961), Russian ambassador

Yan Osadchyi (born 1994), Ukrainian footballer

Mykhaylo Osadchy
Mykhaylo Osadchy (Ukrainian: Осадчий Михайло Григорович; March 22, 1936, in Kurmany, Nedryhailiv Raion, Sumy Oblast, UkSSR – July 5, 1994, in Lviv, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine) was a Ukrainian journalist, poet, writer, and dissident.

Mykhaylo Osadchy graduated from Lviv University in 1958. He taught there from 1960 to 1965. He was arrested in 1965, spent 8 months waiting for a court decision and was finally sentenced to two years' imprisonment in 1966. He was tried together with Mykhailo Horyn, Horyn's brother Bohdan Horyn, and M. Zvarychevska.

Osadchy was arrested for the second time January 1972. That September he was sentenced to seven years of labour camp and three years of exile.

He was able to return to teaching at Lviv University in 1990. In 1992, Osadchy became a member of the Writer's Union of Ukraine.
Buhl CA-1 Airster
The Buhl CA-1 Airster was a sports airplane developed in the United States in 1930. It was a conventional low-wing cantilever monoplane with fixed tailwheel undercarriage and an open cockpit for the pilot.

Cantilever
A cantilever is a structural element that is firmly attached to a fixed structure at one end and is unsupported at the other end. Sometimes it projects from a vertical surface such as a wall. A cantilever can be in the form of a beam, plate, truss, or slab.

When subjected to a structural load at its far, unsupported end, the cantilever carries the load to the support where it applies a shear stress and a bending moment.

Cantilever construction allows overhanging structures without external support.
Mackesy
Mackesy is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Thomas Mackesy (1790–1869), Irish surgeon

William Mackesy (1837–1914), British and Indian Army officer, nephew of Thomas

Pierse Joseph Mackesy (1883–1956), British Army officer, son of William

Charles Ernest Randolph Mackesy (1861–1925), New Zealand farmer and army officer, nephew of William

Piers Mackesy (born 1924), British military historian, son of Pierse

Serena Mackesy (born 1962), English journalist and novelist, daughter of Piers

Charlie Mackesy (born 1962), British artist, nephew of Piers

Thomas Mackesy
Thomas Lewis Mackesy FRCSI (1790 – 8 April 1869) was an Irish surgeon who was Mayor of Waterford. He was at the Battle of Waterloo and in 1862 was elected the first President of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland from outside Dublin.
Trahson Burrell
Trahson Burrell (born November 16, 1992) is an American professional basketball player for Libertadores de Querétaro of the Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional (LNBP). He played college basketball for Lee College and the Memphis Tigers.

Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional
The National Professional Basketball League (Spanish: Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional or LNBP), officially known as the Liga Caliente LNBP for sponsorship reasons, is the top professional basketball league in Mexico. The league was founded in 2000 with 10 teams.

Notable basketball players who have played in the league include Jamario Moon, Dennis Rodman and Sun Mingming, among many others.
Chico Force
The Chico Force were a franchise in the International Basketball League based in Chico, California. The team was highly successful in their first season, sporting a 13–7 record, second in the west and 1/2 games behind the Tacoma Thunder. The Force are coached by Ron Dubois, and the team's 2005 leading scorer was Chris Gonzalez, who tied for 22nd in the league with 20.2 ppg.

The Force played their initial season at Pleasant Valley High School.  In 2006, games will be played at Marsh Junior High School.

Chico, California
Chico (/ˈtʃiːkoʊ/ CHEE-koh; Spanish for "boy") is the most populous city in Butte County, California, United States. Located in the Sacramento Valley region of Northern California, the city had a population of 101,475 in the 2020 census, an increase from 86,187 in the 2010 census. Chico is the cultural and economic center of the northern Sacramento Valley, as well as the most populous city in California north of the capital city of Sacramento. The city is known as a college town, as the home of California State University, Chico, and for Bidwell Park, one of the largest urban parks in the world.
Challenger Society for Marine Science
The Challenger Society for Marine Science (or Challenger Society) is a learned society established in 1903 in the United Kingdom around the interdisciplinary subject of marine science.  The central objectives of the Challenger Society are:

To advance the study of marine science through research and education;

To disseminate knowledge of marine science with a view to encouraging a wider interest in the study of the world's oceans and an awareness of the need for their proper management;

To contribute to public debate on the development of marine science.

Learned society
A learned society (/ˈlɜːrnɪd/ LEHRN-id; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election.

Most learned societies are non-profit organizations, and many are professional associations. Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership.
Winkelhock
Winkelhock is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Joachim Winkelhock (born 1960), German racing driver

Manfred Winkelhock (1951–1985), German racing driver

Markus Winkelhock (born 1980), German racing driver

Thomas Winkelhock (born 1968), German racing driver

Joachim Winkelhock
Joachim Winkelhock (born 24 October 1960) is a German motor racing driver. He competed in and won German Formula Three before moving onto Formula One. Winkelhock would compete in the 1989 season of F1 with the Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives where he would fail to qualify for a race before being replaced mid season with driver Yannick Dalmas. After his brief stint in Formula One Winkelhock would later race in Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft until 2003. The height of Winkelhock's career was his 1999 24 Hours of Le Mans win for BMW. Winkelhock is part of a racing family with his late older brother Manfred Winkelhock,  his younger brother, Thomas Winkelhock, and his nephew, son of Manfred, Markus Winkelhock all being racing drivers.
Bandy Bond Nederland
Bandy Bond Nederlands is the governing body for bandy in the Netherlands and is controlling the Netherlands national bandy team.

Bandy was introduced to the Netherlands by Pim Mulier in 1891 and the Nederlandsche Hockey en Bandy Bond, organising field hockey and bandy, was founded on 8 October 1898. In the 1920s and 1930s ice hockey increasingly became a tough competitor to bandy. The federation eventually let go of bandy and was renamed the Nederlandse Hockey Bond in 1935. However, bandy was still played by som clubs during the 1950s and 1960s. Sometimes it was played as rink bandy. By 1971 the new Nederlandse Bandy Federatie was founded. It became a member of the Federation of International Bandy in 1973 (or the International Bandy Federation, as it was known at the time), as the first non-founding member. The federation was merged into Skate Bond Nederland some decades later but since 2012 the sport has its own national federation again, in Bandy Bond Nederland.

Federation of International Bandy
The Federation of International Bandy (FIB; French: Fédération internationale de bandy, Russian: Международная федерация хоккея с мячом, Swedish: Internationella Bandyförbundet) is the international governing body for the sport of bandy, including the variant called rink bandy. The federation is headquartered in Karlstad Municipality, Sweden.
Maurino Richton
Maurino R. Richton (August 3, 1909–April 30, 1995) was an American politician and lawyer.

Richton was born in Chicago Heights, Illinois. He graduated from Bloom High School in Chicago Heights, Illinois. Richon received his Bachelor's Degree from Northwestern University in 1933 and his law degree from John Marshall Law School in Chicago, Illinois. He also studied at University of Chicago. Richton served in the United States Army during World War II His training at Camp Ritchie in Maryland makes him one of the Ritchie Boys. He practiced law in Chicago Heights and served as the  attorney for the Chicago Heights Elementary School District No. 170. Richton served as the mayor of Chicago Heights from 1947 to 1951 and from 1963 to 1967. He then served in the Illinois House of Representatives in 1959 and 1960. Richton was a Republican. Richton died at his home in Chicago Heights, Illinois.

Fort Ritchie
Fort Ritchie in Cascade, Maryland was a military installation southwest of Blue Ridge Summit, Pennsylvania and southeast of Waynesboro in the area of South Mountain. Following the 1995 Base Realignment and Closure Commission, it closed in 1998.
Signia
Signia can refer to more than one notable item:

Signia (sportswear), an Argentine company.

a MasterCard product issued by Coutts and Co

Toyota Crown Signia, an automobile

a colony of ancient Rome, in Latium adiectum, today Segni

a Signage Software Suite, developed by Jake Bown

a hearing aid brand, manufactured by WS Audiology

Signia (sportswear)
Signia is an Argentine sportswear brand which manufactures footwear and clothing. The brand has experienced some restructuring plans in the past due to financial problems, even disappearing from the market for some periods of time. Signia has also sponsored some Primera División football teams in Argentina, mostly at the beginning of the 2000s.

Established in 1999 from a partnership between media company Torneos y Competencias and textile manufacturer Gatic S.A., the brand was relaunched in 2011 after being acquired by GGM S.A., a company that also managed the Pony and Asics brands in Argentina.

Signia was official uniform provider of the Argentine Olympic Committee until 2023, when the committed signed a deal with French Le Coq Sportif.
Jürgen Kohler
Jürgen Kohler (born 6 October 1965) is a German former professional footballer and manager, who played as a centre-back. He is currently the U17 manager of Bonner SC. During his playing career, he won the World Cup with the German national team in 1990 and the European Championship in 1996. At club level, he won the UEFA Champions League, the UEFA Cup, three German championships, and one Italian championship as a player of Bayern Munich, Juventus Turin and Borussia Dortmund.

Bonner SC
Bonner SC is a German association football club based in Bonn. The club was formed in 1965 through the merger of Bonner FV and Tura Bonn. Its women's football department won the German national championship in 1975.
Panther Valley, Missouri
Panther Valley is an unincorporated community in southwest Webster County, in the Ozarks of southwest Missouri. The community is located on Missouri Route KK and on the south side of Panther Creek. It is approximately four miles northwest of Fordland.

Missouri supplemental route
A supplemental route is a state secondary road in the U.S. state of Missouri, designated with letters. Supplemental routes were various roads within the state which the Missouri Department of Transportation was given in 1952 to maintain in addition to the regular routes, though lettered routes had been in use from at least 1932. The four types of roads designated as Routes are:

Farm to market roads

Roads to state parks

Former alignments of U.S. or state highways

Short routes connecting state highways from other states to routes in Missouri

Supplemental routes make up 19,064 miles (30,681 km) (59%) of the state highway system.
Ludwig Karl von Kalckstein
Ludwig Karl von Kalckstein (10 March 1725 – 12 October 1800) was a Prussian count and field marshal.

Kalckstein was born in Berlin to Christoph Wilhelm von Kalckstein, laird of Knauten, Wogau and Graventhien near Mühlhausen in East Prussia, and Christophore Erna von Brandt. He became an officer in the Prussian Army and served in Prince Henry of Prussia's regiment, which led to a close relationship between Kalckstein and the Prince. In 1778 he was retired as a major general by Frederick II of Prussia and returned to his family's manor in East Prussia. After the death of Frederick II he was reenacted by Frederick William II of Prussia in 1786. In 1790 he received the Order of the Black Eagle and in 1798 he was promoted to a Generalfeldmarschall. Kalckstein became the governor of the Fortress Magdeburg, where he died and was buried.

Graf
Graf (German pronunciation: [ɡʁaːf] ⓘ; feminine: Gräfin [ˈɡʁɛːfɪn] ⓘ) is a historical title of the German nobility and later also of the Russian nobility, usually translated as "count". Considered to be intermediate among noble ranks, the title is often treated as equivalent to the British title of "earl" (whose female version is "countess").

The German nobility was gradually divided into high and low nobility. The high nobility included those counts who ruled immediate imperial territories of "princely size and importance" for which they had a seat and vote in the Imperial Diet.
For Stability!
For Stability! (Latvian: Stabilitātei!; ST!) is a Latvian political party founded on 26 February 2021. It was founded by former members of the Riga City Council Aleksejs Rosļikovs and Valērijs Petrovs. It is a party that advocates Russian minority politics, and it describes itself as centrist on the political spectrum.

The party organized multiple protests in 2021 against mandatory vaccination and restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Ethnic party
An ethnic party is a political party that overtly presents itself as the champion of one ethnic group or sets of ethnic groups. Ethnic parties make such representation central to their voter mobilization strategy. An alternate designation is 'Political parties of minorities', but they should not be mistaken with regionalist or separatist parties, whose purpose is territorial autonomy.
The Pudding
The Pudding is a digital publisher which produces data journalism for storytelling. Articles in the publication are visual essays which emphasize data visualizations and use fewer words than conventional journalism.

The publication does not have central editorial planning, and instead invites its journalists to publish according to their interests and expertise.

The organization was founded in 2017 and as of January 2021 had 8 full time journalists on staff.

The organization won a Peabody Award in 2017 and an Online Journalism Award in 2023.

Storytelling
Storytelling is the social and cultural activity of sharing stories, sometimes with improvisation, theatrics or embellishment. Every culture has its own narratives, which are shared as a means of entertainment, education, cultural preservation or instilling moral values (sometimes through morals). Crucial elements of stories and storytelling include plot, characters and narrative point of view. The term "storytelling" can refer specifically to oral storytelling but also broadly to techniques used in other media to unfold or disclose the narrative of a story.
ATC code N05
ATC code N05 Psycholeptics is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products. Subgroup N05 is part of the anatomical group N Nervous system.

Codes for veterinary use (ATCvet codes) can be created by placing the letter Q in front of the human ATC code: for example, QN05. ATCvet codes without corresponding human ATC codes are cited with the leading Q in the following list.National versions of the ATC classification may include additional codes not present in this list, which follows the WHO version.

Meprobamate
Meprobamate—marketed as Miltown by Wallace Laboratories and Equanil by Wyeth, among others—is a carbamate derivative used as an anxiolytic drug. It was the best-selling minor tranquilizer for a time, but has largely been replaced by the benzodiazepines due to their wider therapeutic index (lower risk of toxicity at therapeutically prescribed doses) and lower incidence of serious side effects.
In the Land of the Buffalo
"In the Land of the Buffalo" is a popular song, first published in 1907. The chorus:

In the land of the Buffalo,

Where the Western breezes blow,

Where the goodnight kiss of the sunlight

Sets all the plains aglow.

It was there you discovered your Flo,

In the days of long ago.

But you never knew brother Lew loved her too,

In the land of the Buffalo.

It was recorded by many popular artists of the time, including Billy Murray on Edison Records. Billy Murray's version can also be found at several websites, as it has entered the public domain.

Billy Murray (singer)
William Thomas Murray (May 25, 1877 – August 17, 1954) was an American singer and voice actor. He was one of the most popular singers in the United States in the early 20th century. While he received star billing in Vaudeville, he was best known for his prolific work in the recording studio, making records for almost every record label of the era. Murray was the best-selling recording artist of the first quarter of the 20th century, selling over 300 million records during the phonograph era.
Ruth Sharp Altshuler
Ruth Collins Sharp Altshuler (1924 – December 8, 2017) was an American philanthropist living in Dallas, Texas. The Dallas Morning News wrote that she helped raise tens of millions of dollars for charity. Altshuler was the first woman to serve or chair several boards, including the Salvation Army Dallas Advisory Board, the board of Goodwill Industries, and the chair of the Board of Trustees of Southern Methodist University. She was also inducted into the Texas Woman's Hall of Fame.

The Dallas Morning News
The Dallas Morning News is a daily newspaper serving the Dallas–Fort Worth area of Texas, with an average print circulation in 2025 of 45,000. It was founded on October 1, 1885, by Alfred Horatio Belo as a satellite publication of the Galveston Daily News, of Galveston, Texas. Historically, and to the present day, it is the most prominent newspaper in Dallas.

Throughout the 1990s and as recently as 2010, the paper has won nine Pulitzer Prizes for reporting and photography, George Polk Awards for education reporting and regional reporting, and an Overseas Press Club award for photography. Its headquarters is in downtown Dallas.
1932 Rose Bowl
The 1932 Rose Bowl was the 18th Rose Bowl game, an American post-season college football game that was played on New Year's Day 1932 in Pasadena, California. It featured the Tulane Green Wave against the USC Trojans. The Trojans had six All-Americans in their lineup: tackle Ernie Smith, guards Johnny Baker and Aaron "Rosy" Rosenberg, halfback Erny Pinckert and quarterbacks Orville Mohler and Gaius Shaver.

The game was a true national championship game, with Tulane ranked No. 1 and USC No. 2 in the preliminary ballot of the Erskine poll of 250 sportswriters. It was decided that their matchup in the Rose Bowl would determine the result. The Albert Russel Erskine Trophy was presented to victorious USC on the field following the game. The Dickinson System's Knute Rockne Memorial Trophy also went to the winner of the game.

Dickinson System
The Dickinson System was a mathematical point formula that awarded national championships in college football. Devised by University of Illinois economics professor Frank G. Dickinson, the system ranked national teams from 1924 to 1940. The 1924 ratings were made retroactively by Dickinson during the 1925 college football season, the first in which a number 1 team was designated at the end of the season. The retroactive choice on October 16, 1925, for the 1924 season was Notre Dame.

The system was originally designed to rank teams in the Big Nine (later the Big Ten) conference.  Chicago clothing manufacturer Jack Rissman then persuaded Dickinson to rank the nation's teams under the system, and awarded the Rissman Trophy to the winning university.

The Dickinson System was the first to gain widespread national public and media acceptance as a "major selector" according to the NCAA prior to the establishment of the Associated Press poll in 1936.
Klamath Termination Act
The Klamath Termination Act was a 1953 law under the US Indian termination policy. The Klamath tribe along with the Flathead, Menominee, Potawatomi, and Turtle Mountain Chippewa, as well as all tribes in the states of California, New York, Florida, and Texas were targeted for immediate termination by House Concurrent Resolution 108 of 1953. The statement which was issued 1 August 1953 by the United States Congress announced the official beginning of the federal Indian termination policy. The tribes that were listed as being ready for immediate termination had been placed on a list prepared by acting Commissioner of Indian Affairs, William Zimmerman, because they met four primary criteria: adequate resources, they had adopted to a certain degree the cultural traits of the larger American culture, they were willing to terminate federal trust obligations, and the state was willing to assume jurisdiction over their criminal and civil matters.

Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians
The Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians (Ojibwe language: Mikinaakwajiw-ininiwag) is a federally recognized Native American tribe of Ojibwe based on the Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation in Belcourt, North Dakota. The tribe has 30,000 enrolled members. A population of 5,815 reside on the main reservation and another 2,516 reside on off-reservation trust land (as of the 2000 census).
Boeing Sonic Cruiser
The Boeing Sonic Cruiser was a concept jet airliner with a delta wing–canard configuration.  It was distinguished from conventional airliners by its delta wing and high-subsonic/transonic cruising speed of up to Mach 0.98.  Boeing first proposed it in 2001, but airlines generally preferred lower operating costs over higher speed. Boeing ended the Sonic Cruiser project in December 2002 and shifted to the slower (Mach 0.85) but more fuel-efficient 7E7 (later named 787 Dreamliner) airliner.

Subsonic aircraft
A subsonic aircraft is an aircraft with a maximum speed less than the speed of sound (Mach 1). The term technically describes an aircraft that flies below its critical Mach number, typically around Mach 0.8. All current civil aircraft, including airliners, helicopters, future passenger drones, personal air vehicles and airships, as well as many military types, are subsonic.