hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Val Verde Texas Battery
The Val Verde Battery was an artillery battery from Texas that served in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. At the Battle of Valverde on 21 February 1862, the Confederates captured five artillery pieces from Union forces. The Confederates formed an ad hoc battery which fought at Peralta. The artillery battery officially formed on 1 June 1862 at Fort Bliss. It later transferred to Louisiana where it helped capture the USS Diana and fought at Fort Bisland and Vermilion Bayou in 1863. The following year, the battery served at Mansfield and Pleasant Hill. After two old howitzers were replaced by two new captured guns, the unit fought at Monett's Ferry. At the end of the war in spring 1865, the soldiers buried their cannons. When the guns were dug up a few years later, the two new guns were the only ones that could be saved, and they have survived to this day.

Battle of Vermilion Bayou
The Battle of Vermilion Bayou or Battle of Pinhook Bridge was fought on April 17, 1863, the third battle in a series of running battles between Union Major General Nathaniel Prentice Banks and Confederate Major General Richard Taylor. The battle was fought after both the Battle of Fort Bisland and the Battle of Irish Bend. On October 9, 1863 a skirmish with Confederate & Federal cavalry occurred at the same location.
Wilson's Pits
Wilson's Pits is a 32 hectare nature reserve west of Higham Ferrers in Northamptonshire. It is managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. It is part of the Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits Site of Special Scientific Interest, Ramsar internationally important wetland site and Special Protection Area under the EC Birds Directive.

This site has three lakes in former gravel pits, and it also has areas of grassland and scrub. There are diverse bird species, and flora such as ragged-robin, brooklime, common spotted orchid and creeping jenny. Dragonflies include the brown hawker and black-tailed skimmer.

There is access from the Nene Way long distance footpath, but as of March 2017 it is closed while works are carried out to widen an adjacent roundabout.

Ramsar site
A Ramsar site is a wetland site designated to be of international importance under the Ramsar Convention, also known as "The Convention on Wetlands",  an international environmental treaty signed on 2 February 1971 in Ramsar, Iran, under the auspices of UNESCO. It came into force on 21 December 1975, when it was ratified by a sufficient number of nations. It provides for national action and international cooperation regarding the conservation of wetlands, and wise sustainable use of their resources. Ramsar treaty participants meet regularly to identify and agree to protect "Wetlands of International Importance", especially those providing waterfowl habitat.

As of January 2026, there are 2,520 Ramsar sites around the world, which protect 253,075,668 hectares (625,363,590 acres), and 172 national governments participate in the convention.
Dub Mission
Dub Mission is a dub, dubstep, roots, and dancehall party which occurs weekly on Sunday nights at San Francisco's Elbo Room club in the Mission district.  Started by DJ Sep in 1996 as a monthly venue to fill a void in the Bay Area's dub scene, Dub Mission has grown into a weekly event with a loyal fan base, and regularly features prominent dub and reggae musicians as guests.  Resident DJs of Dub Mission include J Boogie, Ludichris, Vinnie Esparza, and Maneesh the Twister.  Prominent stars who have performed at Dub Mission events include the Mad Professor, Adrian Sherwood, DJ Collage, Mungo's Hi Fi, Scientist, Tippa Irie, Twilight Circus Dub Sound System,  and Tino Corp.

Dub Mission has won awards including a 1999 Goldie Award and a 2004 award for Best Dub Club.

Jack Dangers
Jack Dangers (born John Stephen Corrigan, 11 January 1965) is an English electronic musician, DJ, producer, and remixer best known for his work as the primary member of Meat Beat Manifesto. He lives in San Francisco.
Inmate Code
The Inmate Code (sometimes referred to as "Convict Code") refers to the rules and values that have developed among prisoners inside prisons' social systems. The inmate code helps define an inmate's image as a model prisoner. The code helps to emphasize unity of prisoners against correctional workers.

This code highlights the reasons why "rehabilitation" is often so difficult to achieve.

Prison officer
A prison officer (PO) or corrections officer (CO), also known as a correctional law enforcement officer or less formally as a prison guard, is a uniformed law enforcement official responsible for the custody, supervision, safety, and regulation of prisoners.
Solférino station
Solférino ([sɔlfeʁino] ⓘ) is a station on Line 12 of the Paris Métro in the 7th arrondissement. Located under Boulevard Saint-Germain, it is named after the nearby Rue de Solférino, which in turn was named after the Battle of Solferino, fought in 1859 during the Second Italian War of Independence, where the Franco-Piedmontese troops commanded by Napoleon III defeated the Austrians. The street also gave its name to Passerelle Solférino to the north, a footbridge over the Seine, now known as Passerelle Léopold-Sédar-Senghor.

Passerelle Léopold-Sédar-Senghor
Passerelle Léopold-Sédar-Senghor, formerly known as Passerelle Solférino (or Pont de Solférino), is a footbridge over the River Seine between the 1st and 7th arrondissements of Paris. Opened in 1999, it was renamed after Léopold Sédar Senghor in 2006. The bridge owed its architect, Marc Mimram, the Prix de l'Équerre d'Argent the year of its opening.

It is served by the Métro station Assemblée Nationale.
3-Methyl-19-methyleneandrosta-3,5-dien-17β-ol
3-Methyl-19-methyleneandrosta-3,5-dien-17β-ol is a synthetic, steroidal estrogen and a selective agonist of the ERβ. It was discovered serendipitously and was the lead compound among a series of androsta-3,5-dienes as ERβ ligands. Its affinity (IC50) for the ERβ was found to be 9 nM and it showed 62- and 160-fold binding selectivity for this receptor over the ARTooltip androgen receptor and the ERα, respectively. The EC50 of the compound for the ERβ was found to be 69 nM and its intrinsic activity was 92% (relative to that of estradiol). As such, it is a potent ERβ agonist with high affinity and selectivity.

Binding selectivity
In chemistry, binding selectivity is defined with respect to the binding of ligands to a substrate forming a complex. Binding selectivity describes how a ligand may bind more preferentially to one receptor than another. A selectivity coefficient is the equilibrium constant for the reaction of displacement by one ligand of another ligand in a complex with the substrate. Binding selectivity is of major importance in biochemistry and in chemical separation processes.
The Rockford Files season 1
The first season of The Rockford Files television series originally aired on NBC during the 1974–1975 season. James Garner was 46 at the time of airing.

Special guests in season 1 included James Cromwell, Abe Vigoda, Jill Clayburgh, Joseph Cotten and Linda Evans.

Jill Clayburgh
Jill Clayburgh (April 30, 1944 – November 5, 2010) was an American actress known for her work in theater, television, and cinema. She received the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her breakthrough role in Paul Mazursky's comedy drama An Unmarried Woman (1978). She received a second consecutive Academy Award nomination for Starting Over (1979) as well as four Golden Globe nominations for her film performances, and two Primetime Emmy Award nominations for her television work.
1988 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Men's shot put
The men's shot put event at the 1988 World Junior Championships in Athletics was held in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, at Laurentian University Stadium on 29 and 30 July.  A 7257g (Senior implement) shot was used.

Laurentian University
Laurentian University (French: Université Laurentienne), officially Laurentian University of Sudbury, is a mid-sized bilingual public university in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, incorporated on March 28, 1960. Laurentian offers a variety of undergraduate, graduate-level, and doctorate degrees. Laurentian is the largest bilingual provider of distance education in Canada. The university was formerly federated with Thorneloe University, Huntington University, and the University of Sudbury.  Laurentian severed the federation during 2021 insolvency proceedings, ending 60-year relationships, and triggering lawsuits.
Connected (The Foreign Exchange album)
Connected is the first studio album by the Foreign Exchange, a hip hop group consisting of American rapper Phonte from Little Brother and Dutch producer Nicolay. It was released on BBE on August 24, 2004.

Their group name comes from how they produced their songs: Nicolay would produce a beat in the Netherlands and send the beat to Phonte through instant messaging, email, and traditional mail to lay down the vocals. Phonte would return the product, so Nicolay could then master the track; they did not meet until after the album was completed.

Pitchfork placed it at number 22 on the "Top 50 Albums of 2004" list. In 2015, it was ranked at number 86 on Fact's "100 Best Indie Hip-Hop Records of All Time" list.

Mail
The mail or post is a system for physically transporting postcards, letters, and parcels. A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place restrictions on private systems. Since the mid-19th century, national postal systems have generally been established as a government monopoly, with a fee on the article prepaid. Proof of payment is usually in the form of an adhesive postage stamp, but a postage meter is also used for bulk mailing.

Postal authorities often have functions aside from transporting letters. In some countries, a postal, telegraph and telephone (PTT) service oversees the postal system, in addition to telephone and telegraph systems. Some countries' postal systems allow for savings accounts and handle applications for passports.

The Universal Postal Union (UPU), established in 1874, includes 192 member countries and sets the rules for international mail exchanges as a Specialized Agency of the United Nations.
Valeriy Andreev
Valeriy Nikolayevich Andreev (Russian: Вале́рий Никола́евич Андре́ев; born 10 April 1957), known as the Orsk Maniac (Russian: Орский маньяк, romanized: Orskiy manyak), is a Russian serial killer and rapist responsible for the abductions, rapes and killings of various girls and women in Orenburg Oblast from 2006 to 2012. Investigators have conclusively tied him to at least 7 murders, after which he was put on a wanted list, but managed to escape. As of 2023, he remains one of the twelve most dangerous criminals wanted by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. In total, police suspect his involvement in the disappearances of more than 100 girls and women.

Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia)
The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (Russian: Министерство внутренних дел, МВД, romanized: Ministerstvo vnutrennikh del, MVD) is the interior ministry of Russia.

The MVD is responsible for law enforcement in Russia through its agencies the Police of Russia, Migration Affairs, Drugs Control, Traffic Safety, the Centre for Combating Extremism, and the Investigative Department. The MVD is headquartered in Zhitnaya Street 16 in Yakimanka, Moscow. Vladimir Kolokoltsev has been the Minister of Internal Affairs since 2012.
Urdaneta-Armsat
Urdaneta-Armsat is a series of Spanish-Armenian nanosatellites developed by the Basque company Satlantis Microsats in collaboration with the Armenian national company Geocosmos, in the CubeSat (16U) format.

The first satellite in this series, Armsat-1, was launched into orbit by Armenia in May 2022, thus becoming the first Armenian satellite.

Small satellite
A small satellite, miniaturized satellite, or smallsat is a satellite of low mass and size, usually under 1,200 kg (2,600 lb). While all such satellites can be referred to as "small", different classifications are used to categorize them based on mass. Satellites can be built small to reduce the large economic cost of launch vehicles and the costs associated with construction.  Miniature satellites, especially in large numbers, may be more useful than fewer, larger ones for some purposes – for example, gathering of scientific data and radio relay.  Technical challenges in the construction of small satellites may include the lack of sufficient power storage or of room for a propulsion system.
Tanks of the interwar period
Tanks were initially deployed in World War I, engineered to overcome the deadlock of trench warfare. Between the two world wars, tanks were further developed. Although they had demonstrated their battlefield effectiveness, only a few nations had the industrial resources to design and build them. During and after World War I, Britain and France pioneered tank technology, with their models generally serving as a blueprint for other countries. However, this initial advantage would slowly diminish during the 1930s, shifting in favor of the Soviet Union and, to a lesser degree, Nazi Germany.

T-28 (medium tank)
The T-28 was a Soviet multi-turreted medium tank. The prototype was completed in 1931, and production began in late 1932. It was an infantry support tank intended to break through fortified defences. The T-28 was designed to complement the heavier T-35 (also multi-turreted), with which it shared turret designs. The type did not have great success in combat, but it played an important role as a development project for Soviet tank designers. A series of new ideas and solutions that were tried out on the T-28 were later incorporated in future models.
The Lying Lover
The Lying Lover; Or, The Lady's Friendship is a 1703 comedy play by the Irish writer Richard Steele. It was his second play, written while he was an army office doing garrison duty in Harwich during the War of the Spanish Succession. It is described as being both a restoration comedy and a sentimental comedy, and marked the transition between the two.

It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London. The original cast included Philip Griffin as Old Bookwit, Robert Wilks as  Young Bookwit, John Mills as Lovemore, Colley Cibber as Latine, William Pinkethman as Storm, William Bullock as Charcoal, Jane Rogers as Penelope, Jane Lucas as Lettice, Susannah Cox as Betty and Anne Oldfield as Victoria. The published version was dedicated to the Duke of Ormonde, an Irish politician and soldier.

William Pinkethman
William Pinkethman (also Penkethman, Pinkeman, Pinkerman, etc.; nicknamed Pinkey, c.1660–1725) was an English comic actor, a low comedian with a droll style, and theatre manager. He was considered an imitator of Anthony Leigh.

Starting in the 1690s Penkethman performed with the United Company at Drury Lane. He largely played small roles, then became known for his delivery of prologues and epilogues in plays. He was known for performing riding a donkey. He later opened a theatre at Richmond.
Isaac Clinton Collins
Isaac Clinton Collins (January 2, 1824 – July 30, 1879) was an American judge and politician.

Collins, son of Ela Collins, was born in Lowville, N. Y., January 2, 1824. His mother was Maria, daughter of the Rev. Isaac Clinton.  He graduated from Yale College in 1846.  After graduation he read law in New York for a year, and in 1848, settled in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he was admitted to the bar a year later. He continued in successful practice there until his death, except during two years service as Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. He also served for two years as a member of the Ohio Legislature, and was otherwise prominent in political affairs in connection with the Democratic party.  He died suddenly at his home in Cincinnati, July 30, 1879, of heart disease, at the age of 55. Judge Collins was married, February 3, 1852, to Emily H. Ruth, formerly of Baltimore. She survived him with six children.

Ohio General Assembly
The Ohio General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Ohio. It consists of the 99-member Ohio House of Representatives and the 33-member Ohio Senate. Both houses of the General Assembly meet at the Ohio Statehouse in Columbus.
Rowing at the Summer World University Games
Rowing is an Universiade optional sport since the 1987 in Zagreb, Yugoslavia. After this, rowing was an optional sport at the 1989, 1993, 2013 and 2015 editions. The sport returned with the same status at the 2021 Summer Universiade, which were held in Chengdu, China, and was also chosen with same status to the subsequent editions scheduled for the 2025 Summer Universiade, to be held in Duisburg, Germany and the 2027 Summer Universiade, to be held in Chungcheong Province, South Korea.

1987 Summer Universiade
The 1987 Summer Universiade, also known as the XIV Summer Universiade, took place in Zagreb, SR Croatia, SFR Yugoslavia. It involved participants from 111 countries and over 6,000 individual sportspersons and members from delegations.
Gastonia (dinosaur)
Gastonia is a genus of herbivorous ankylosaurian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of North America, around 139 to 125.77 million years ago. It is often considered a nodosaurid closely related to Polacanthus. Gastonia has a sacral shield and large shoulder spikes.

USU Eastern Prehistoric Museum
The Prehistoric Museum, USU-Eastern, formerly known as the College of Eastern Utah Prehistoric Museum, is a museum accredited by the American Alliance of Museums located in Price, Utah.  The museum seeks to promote public understanding of prehistory through interpretive exhibits, educational programs, collections, and research. The museum is located near many paleontological and archaeological sites in a region known as Castle Country, notably in the San Rafael Swell and nearby canyons throughout the Book Cliffs area such as Nine Mile Canyon and Range Creek Canyon.
Chebet
Chebet, also transliterated as Jebet and Chepet, is a surname of Kenyan origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Beatrice Chebet (born 2000), Kenyan distance runner and Olympic gold medalist

Ben Chebet Kipruto (born 1982), Kenyan marathon runner based in Italy

Emily Chebet (born 1986), Kenyan runner and world cross country champion

Irene Chepet Cheptai (born 1992), Kenyan runner and world cross country medallist

Joseph Chebet (born 1970), Kenyan runner and winner of the 1999 Boston and New York Marathons

Peter Chebet (born 1974), Kenyan marathon runner

Ruth Chebet (born 1996), Kenyan-born long-distance runner for Bahrain

Wilson Chebet (born 1985), Kenyan professional road runner

Ben Chebet Kipruto
Ben Chebet Kipruto (born 22 February 1982) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who competes professionally in marathon races. He is coached by Italian trainer Claudio Berardelli. He has a personal best time of 2:09:26 hours for the marathon distance and has won a number races in Europe, including the Italian Marathon, Florence Marathon and Maratona di Sant'Antonio in Padua.
Peacock Princess
The Peacock Princess, Peacock Maiden or Chao Sisouthone and Nang Manola is a Tai legend and directly related to agricultural culture. This story features in the folklore of Myanmar, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, Sri Lanka, northern Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam and China. It is also compared to the international narrative of the Swan Maiden.

Culture of Cambodia
Throughout Cambodia's long history, religion has been a major source of cultural inspiration.  Over nearly two millennia, Cambodians have developed a unique Cambodian culture and belief system from the syncreticism of indigenous animistic beliefs and the Indian religions of Buddhism and Hinduism. Cambodia's achievements in art, architectures, music, and dance from the 9th and 14th century have had a great influence on many neighboring kingdoms, namely Thailand and Laos. The effect of Khmer culture can still be seen today in those countries, as they share many close characteristics with current-day Cambodia. The Tai borrowed from the Khmer many elements of Indianized Khmer culture, including royal ceremonies, customs followed at the court, and especially the Indian epic Ramayana, which influenced not only literature but also classical dance. Even in modern Thai culture the legacy of ancient Khmer culture is still evident.
E. B. Dimbulane
Edmund Bernard Dimbulane was a Ceylonese politician and a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.

In March 1955, the sitting member for Alutnuwara electoral district, J. A. Rambukpota, died. At the subsequent by-election, held on 28 May 1955, Dimbulane ran as the United National Party candidate. He polled 5,921 votes (58% of the total vote) and 3,114 votes clear of his nearest rival from the Lanka Sama Samaja Party.

He contested the 3rd parliamentary election, held from 5 to 10 April 1956, but was unable to retain his seat, losing to the Sri Lanka Freedom Party candidate K. D. Goonaratne, by 2,448 votes.

United National Party
The United National Party (UNP; Sinhala: එක්සත් ජාතික පක්ෂය, romanized: Eksath Jāthika Pakshaya, Tamil: ஐக்கிய தேசியக் கட்சி, romanized: Aikkiya Tēciyak Kaṭci) is a centre-right political party in Sri Lanka. Founded in 1946, the party was one of Sri Lanka's two main parties for several decades, serving as either the country's ruling party or as part of its governing coalition for several periods of the country's independent history. After suffering a major split in the lead-up to the 2020 parliamentary elections, the UNP saw a collapse in parliament, with the party only winning one national list seat and losing all its votes to the new Samagi Jana Balawegaya alliance. Currently, the UNP is a notable third party in Sri Lankan politics.

The UNP has been led by former president Ranil Wickremesinghe since 1994. The party is a member of the International Democracy Union.
Penistone Church F.C.
Penistone Church Football Club is an English football club based in Penistone, Barnsley, South Yorkshire. Its first men's team plays in the Northern Counties East League Premier Division, at level 9 of the English football league system and its first women's team plays in the Sheffield and Hallamshire Women’s and Girls League.

FA Vase
The Football Association Challenge Vase, also known as the Isuzu FA Vase for sponsorship reasons, is an annual football competition run by and named after The Football Association (The FA), for teams playing in Steps 5 and 6 of the English National League System. Nearly 600 teams participate in this knockout competition with semi-finals played over two legs. The final is played at Wembley Stadium.

The 2025 winners were Whitstable Town, who beat AFC Whyteleafe 2–1 at Wembley Stadium.
Quantum reflection
Quantum reflection is a uniquely quantum phenomenon in which an object, such as a neutron or a small molecule, reflects smoothly and in a wavelike fashion from a much larger surface, such as a pool of mercury. A classically behaving neutron or molecule will strike the same surface much like a thrown ball, hitting only at one atomic-scale location where it is either absorbed or scattered. Quantum reflection provides a powerful experimental demonstration of particle-wave duality, since it is the extended quantum wave packet of the particle, rather than the particle itself, that reflects from the larger surface. It is similar to reflection high-energy electron diffraction, where electrons reflect and diffraction from surfaces, and grazing incidence atom scattering, where the fact that atoms (and ions) can also be waves is used to diffract from surfaces.

Microchannel plate detector
A microchannel plate (MCP) is used to detect single particles (electrons, ions and neutrons) and photons (ultraviolet radiation and X-rays). It is closely related to an electron multiplier, as both intensify single particles or photons by the multiplication of electrons via secondary emission. Because a microchannel plate detector has many separate channels, it can provide spatial resolution.