hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Phareodus
Phareodus is a genus of freshwater fish from the Paleocene to Eocene of North America.

This genus includes two species, P. testis (Leidy, 1873) and P. encaustus of North America. Formerly included were P. muelleri of Europe, now accepted in the related genus Brychaetus as B. muelleri and P. queenslandicus of Australia which was later reassigned to Phareoides. Representatives have been found in the middle Eocene of North America's Green River Formation in Wyoming, United States and a tentatively identified Phareodus fossil was reported in 2023 from the Chuckanut Formation in Washington.

Fossils similar to the genus have also been found in the Paleocene (Tiupampan) Santa Lucía Formation of Bolivia.

P. testis was a freshwater fish with an oval outline, a small head, and a slightly pointed snout. Its dorsal and anal fins were situated posteriorly, with the anal fin being larger. Its caudal fin was slightly forked. It had small pelvic fins but long, narrow pectoral fins.

Joseph Leidy
Joseph Mellick Leidy (September 9, 1823 – April 30, 1891) was an American paleontologist, parasitologist, and anatomist.

Leidy was professor of anatomy at the University of Pennsylvania, later becoming a professor of natural history at Swarthmore College and the director of scientific and educational programs at the Wagner Free Institute of Science. His book Extinct Fauna of Dakota and Nebraska, published in 1869, contained many species not previously described and many previously unknown on the North American continent. At the time, scientific investigation was largely the province of wealthy amateurs.

The Leidy Glacier in northwest Greenland was named by Robert Peary after him.
RCH
RCH may stand for:

Radio Club de Honduras, an amateur radio organization

Railway Clearing House, the British financial clearing house and technical standards bureau for railways

The Royal Canadian Hussars (Montreal), a unit of the Canadian Forces

Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia

Royal Columbian Hospital, in New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada

Almirante Padilla Airport (IATA airport code: RCH) in Riohacha, Colombia

RCH (football club) (Racing Club Heemstede), in the Netherlands

RCH (cars), a Greek kit and replica car manufacturer

RCH, an American car made by Hupmobile c. 1912

RCH, a call sign used by the United States Air Mobility Command

Royal Columbian Hospital
Royal Columbian Hospital (RCH) is among the oldest hospitals in British Columbia and one of the busiest in the Fraser Health Authority. It is located in New Westminster overlooking the Fraser River and is the only hospital in the Lower Mainland that is immediately adjacent to a Skytrain station (Sapperton).

In 2020, inpatient bed capacity increased to 490 with the opening of the Mental Health Substance Use Wellness Centre (MHSUWC).  In 2017, inpatient bed capacity was reported as 447 and the hospital was served by 3,326 employees.

The hospital campus is L-shaped fronting five streets: East Columbia Street, Sherbrooke Street, Allen Street, Keary Street, and Brunette Avenue. The total square footage of the site is 607,859.
Laitakari beacon tower
Laitakari beacon tower is a daymark (navigational aid) located on the island of Laitakari in the Gulf of Bothnia in Finland. The island is located east-northeast of Hailuoto and is within the municipal boundaries of the City of Oulu. There has been a navigational aid on the island since the 1750s, and a beacon tower has been marked on a chart dated in 1785.

The current Laitakari beacon tower was built in 1851. The top of the tower is built of wooden boards and painted red. The top structure is resting on top of supporting wooden beams wedged into the gravel. The structure survived the Crimean War, and is still being used as a navigational aid. When aligned with the bell tower of Oulu Cathedral, it guides small vessels to the fairway leading past the northern coastline of Hailuoto island.

The tower is 17.4 metres (57 ft) high from sea level and 15.6 metres (51 ft) from the ground.

Oulu Cathedral
Oulu Cathedral (Finnish: Oulun tuomiokirkko, Swedish: Uleåborgs domkyrka) is an  Evangelical Lutheran cathedral and the seat of the Diocese of Oulu, located in the center of Oulu, Finland. The church was built in 1777 as a tribute to the king of Sweden Gustav III and named after his wife as Sofia Magdalena's church.

The wooden structures burned in the large fire of the city of Oulu in 1822. The church was built again on top of the old stone walls with famous architect Carl Ludvig Engel as the designer. The restoration works were completed in 1832, but the belfry was not erected until 1845.

The most notable work of art in the cathedral is the portrait of Johannes Messenius, painted in 1611.
Strumaria phonolithica
Strumaria phonolithica is an Amaryllidaceous plant species (tribe Amaryllideae) endemic to Namibia. Its narrow funnel-shaped flowers are, jointly with those of Strumaria barbarae, the largest in the genus. It grows in subtropical shrubland, tropical dry shrubland and rocky areas in the Aurus and Klinghardt Mountains of the Tsau ǁKhaeb Sperrgebiet National Park in southwestern Namibia, where it is usually to be found growing in phonolite gravels (- whence the specific name phonolithica)

Amaryllideae
Amaryllideae are a tribe of subfamily Amaryllidoideae (family Amaryllidaceae). They are herbaceous monocot perennial flowering plants with a predominantly Southern African distribution, with the exception of the pantropical genus Crinum. They are generally treated as consisting of four subtribes. In addition to Crinum, other genera include Amaryllis, Boophone and Strumaria.
Gayle, North Yorkshire
Gayle is a hamlet 0.4-mile (0.64 km) south of Hawes in Wensleydale, North Yorkshire, England. It is noted for the beck that flows through it and the old mill, which featured on the BBC TV programme Restoration.

Wensleydale
Wensleydale is a valley in North Yorkshire, England. It is one of the Yorkshire Dales, which are part of the Pennines. The dale is named after the village of Wensley, formerly the valley's market town. The principal river of the valley is the Ure, which is the source of the alternative name Yoredale. The majority of the dale is within the Yorkshire Dales National Park; the part below East Witton is within the national landscape of Nidderdale.

Addlebrough, at 481 metres (1,578 feet), dominates the landscape of the upper dale, and Penhill, at 526 metres (1,726 feet), is prominent in the lower dale. The dale lends its name to the Yoredale Group of Carboniferous rocks. The dale is famous for its cheese, with the main commercial production at Hawes.
Isaac Miller
Isaac Miller (born 21 June 1994) is a Scottish professional rugby union player who is currently playing for London Irish in Premiership Rugby. His regular playing position is hooker.

Miller played rugby for Loughborough Students RUFC whilst studying Sports Science at Loughborough University, and has also captained the side, in their National League 1 campaign. Miller has also played for Scotland at Under-20 level and Edinburgh at U18 level.

Miller's senior career took flight after being scouted by London Scottish Director of Rugby, Dave Morris. After signing for Scottish, Miller had a successful spell playing in the RFU Championship over the 2017/2018 RFU Championship rugby season. An outstanding debut season for the young Hooker, sparked interest from Aviva Premiership side Worcester Warriors. Worcester signed Miller on 20 February 2018. Joining the club at the end of the 2017/18 RFU Championship season.

Loughborough Students RUFC
Loughborough Students Rugby Football Club represents Loughborough University in rugby union competition. Of the British universities, Loughborough has unparalleled success, having won the BUCS championship (in its former guises as the BUSA and UAU championship) on twenty-seven occasions. It fields five sides in the BUCS league, (inter-university) in the fourth tier National League 2 West and seventh tier Counties 1 Midlands East (North) of the English rugby union system, ]. The club has fielded over seventy internationals (male and female), many of whom won caps while playing for the club.
Jablaniške Laze
Jablaniške Laze (pronounced [ˈjaːblaniʃkɛ ˈlaːzɛ]) is a dispersed settlement in the hills east of Šmartno pri Litiji in the historical region of Lower Carniola in Slovenia. The municipality is included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

Dispersed settlement
A dispersed settlement, also known as a scattered settlement, is one of the main types of settlement patterns used by landscape historians to classify rural settlements found in England and other parts of the world.  Typically, there are a number of separate farmsteads scattered throughout the area. A dispersed settlement contrasts with a nucleated village.

The French term bocage is sometimes used to describe the type of landscape found where dispersed settlements are common.

In addition to Western Europe, dispersed patterns of settlement are found in parts of Papua New Guinea, as among the Gainj, Ankave, and Baining tribes. It is also frequently met with in nomadic pastoral societies.
In Ghana, Kumbyili in the northern region is also an example of a dispersed settlement
Blue laser
A blue laser emits electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 400 and 500 nanometers, which the human eye sees in the visible spectrum as blue or violet.

Blue lasers can be produced by:

direct, inorganic diode semiconductor lasers based on quantum wells of gallium(III) nitride at 380-417nm or indium gallium nitride at 450 nm

diode-pumped solid-state infrared lasers with frequency-doubling to 408nm

upconversion of direct diode semiconductor lasers via thulium- or praseodymium-doped fibers at 480 nm

metal vapor, ionized gas lasers of helium-cadmium at 442 nm and 10–200 mW

argon-ion lasers at 458 and 488 nm

Lasers emitting wavelengths below 445 nm appear violet, but are nonetheless also called blue lasers. Violet light's 405 nm short wavelength, on the visible spectrum, causes fluorescence in some chemicals, like radiation in the ultraviolet ("black light") spectrum (wavelengths less than 400 nm).

Quantum well laser
A quantum-well laser is a laser diode in which the active region of the device is so narrow that quantum confinement occurs.  Laser diodes are formed in compound semiconductor materials that (quite unlike silicon) are able to emit light efficiently.  The wavelength of the light emitted by a quantum-well laser is determined by the width of the active region rather than just the bandgap of the materials from which it is constructed.  This means that much shorter wavelengths can be obtained from quantum-well lasers than from conventional laser diodes using a particular semiconductor material.  The efficiency of a quantum-well laser is also greater than a conventional laser diode due to the stepwise form of its density of states function.
Corpus Catholicorum
The Corpus Catholicorum (Corp. Cath., CCath., or CC) is a collection of sixteenth-century writings by the leading proponents and defenders of the Roman Catholic Church against the teachings of the Protestant reformers.

The full title of the series is: Corpus Catholicorum: Werke katholischer Schriftsteller im Zeitalter der Glaubensspaltung, i.e., Body of Catholic [writings]: Works of Catholic authors in the Time of the Splitting of the Faith.

The series, intended as a counterpart to the Corpus Reformatorum, was conceived in 1915 by Professor Joseph Greving (1868–1919) of the University of Bonn, and was announced that same year in the Theologische Revue as a "Plan für ein Corpus Catholicorum" or "Plan for a Corpus Catholicorum."

Protestant Reformers
Protestant Reformers were theologians whose careers, works and actions brought about the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century.

In the context of the Reformation, Martin Luther was the first reformer, sharing his views publicly in 1517, followed by Andreas Karlstadt and Philip Melanchthon at Wittenberg, who promptly joined the new movement. In 1519, Huldrych Zwingli became the first reformer to express a form of the Reformed tradition.

Listed are the most influential reformers only. They are listed by movement, although some reformers influenced multiple movements and are included in each respective section.
Parks P-2
The Parks P-2, powered by a 150 hp Axelson-Floco B engine, was a biplane designed and built at the Parks Air College in the United States circa 1929. A change in engine type to the Wright J-6 resulted in the Parks P-2A, which was ultimately marketed as the Ryan Speedster after rights were bought by the Ryan company.

The Parks P-2A became the "hero" of books by author Richard Bach who also owned an example. The college quickly left the manufacturing business, selling the P-2A rights to Ryan as the Ryan Speedster, and later the Hammond 100.

Richard Bach
Richard David Bach (born June 23, 1936) is an American writer. He has written numerous flight-related works of fiction and non-fiction. His works include Jonathan Livingston Seagull (1970) and Illusions: The Adventures of a Reluctant Messiah (1977), both of which were among the 1970s' biggest sellers.

Most of Bach's books have been semi-autobiographical, using actual or fictionalized events from his life to illustrate his philosophy. His books espouse his philosophy that our apparent physical limits and mortality are merely appearance. Bach is noted for his love of aviation and his books related to flying in a metaphorical context. He has flown as a hobby since the age of 17. In late August 2012, Bach was severely injured when on approach to landing at Friday Harbor, Washington, his aircraft clipped some power lines and crashed upside down in a field.
Preston's Crossing
Preston's Crossing (Manx: Crossag Preston) is a diminutive intermediate request stop on the outskirts of Laxey on the Isle of Man, forming part of the Manx Electric Railway route to the northern town of Ramsey.

Laxey
Laxey (Manx: Laksaa) is a village on the east coast of the Isle of Man. Its name derives from the Old Norse Laxa meaning 'Salmon River'. Its key distinguishing features are its three working vintage railways and the largest working waterwheel in the world. It is also the location of King Orry's Grave.

The village lies on the A2, the main Douglas to Ramsey road, and on the vintage Manx Electric Railway, and Snaefell Mountain Railway. Laxey Glen is one of the Manx National Glens; another glen, Dhoon Glen, is about 11⁄4 miles away. The Raad ny Foillan long distance coastal footpath, opened in 1986, runs along the coast of Laxey Bay through the village.
Friend of Mine (Rihanna song)
"Friend of Mine" is a song by the Barbadian singer Rihanna, released on May 16, 2025, as the second single from the soundtrack to the film Smurfs, in which she voices the character Smurfette. It was produced by Fallen, Jon Bellion, and Pete Nappi.

Jon Bellion
Jonathan David Bellion is an American singer, songwriter, rapper, and record producer. He is best known for his 2016 single "All Time Low," which peaked at number 16 on the Billboard Hot 100.

Alongside his recording career, he has produced and written material for various artists. His credits include BTS' Jung Kook and Jimin, Maroon 5, Justin Bieber, the Jonas Brothers, Halsey, Camila Cabello, Selena Gomez, Tori Kelly, Rosé, Max, Chris Brown and The Kid Laroi.

Bellion has released four mixtapes and three studio albums. Released by Visionary Music Group and Capitol Records, his debut studio album, The Human Condition (2016), peaked at number five on the US Billboard 200. His second, Glory Sound Prep (2018), peaked at number 15. Bellion also opened for Twenty One Pilots' Emotional Roadshow World Tour, which also featured guest artists Judah and the Lion.
Santa Maria degli Angeli Crucifixion
The Santa Maria degli Angeli Crucifixion is a fresco lunette by Andrea del Castagno, created c. 1455. Is is held in the Museo del Cenacolo di Sant'Apollonia, in Florence. At far left and right are Romuald and Benedict of Nursia. It was originally sited in the cloister of the monastery of Santa Maria degli Angeli, Florence, where several authors wrote of seeing it, including the anonymous Gaddiano and Vasari, with the latter mentioning it in both editions of his Lives of the Artists as "at the top of cloister over the garden". Giuseppe Richa wrote that it was rediscovered by a Camaldolese monk of the monastery. Milanesi, Cavalcaselle and Crowe did not judge it to be an autograph work, perhaps since they saw it in a poorly-lit setting, but it is now held to be an autograph work. Its dating is uncertain – Salmi and Horster place it late in his career, which is the majority opinion.

Sant'Apollonia
Sant'Apollonia was a former Benedictine convent, founded in 1339, north of the center of Florence, in Italy.

Some of the remaining structures are demarcated on three sides by Via Ventisette Aprile, Via Santa Reparata, and Via San Gallo, located about a block west of Piazza San Marco, just north of the city center. The structures of the convent, suppressed since the 19th century, are now put to different uses. The small church building is still present on the corner of Via Ventisette Aprile and San Gallo.
2017 Shimadzu All Japan Indoor Tennis Championships – Doubles
Gong Maoxin and Yi Chu-huan were the defending champions but chose to defend their title with different partners. Gong partnered Zhang Ze but lost in the quarterfinals to Ruben Gonzales and Hsieh Cheng-peng. Yi partnered Yuya Kibi but withdrew from the tournament due to an injury to Kibi.

Sanchai and Sonchat Ratiwatana won the title after defeating Ruben Bemelmans and Joris De Loore 4–6, 6–4, [10–7] in the final.

Yi Chu-huan
Yi Chu-huan (Chinese: 易楚寰; born 31 August 1987) is a Taiwanese professional tennis player who plays primarily on the ATP Challenger Tour and ITF Futures Tour. On 11 January 2010, he reached his highest ATP singles ranking at world No. 489. He reached his highest doubles ranking of world No. 109 on 20 February 2017.
Abraham & Lincoln
Abraham & Lincoln is a 2007 Indian Malayalam language action-thriller film directed by Pramod Pappan and written by Dennis Joseph. The film stars Kalabhavan Mani and Rahman starring in the titular roles, with Shweta Menon, Neha Pendse, Anoop Menon, Bineesh Kodiyeri, Rajan P. Dev, Salim Kumar, and Baburaj in supporting roles. The film was inspired from the 2004 Hindi film, Dhoom. It is the first Malayalam film to use the Bullet time effect for its action sequences.

Dennis Joseph
Dennis Joseph (20 October 1957 – 10 May 2021) was an Indian scriptwriter and director known for his work in Malayalam films. He was active during the 1980s and early 1990s. He frequently collaborated with directors Joshiy and Thambi Kannanthanam. He is known for scripting films including Nirakkoottu (1985), Rajavinte Makan (1986), Shyama (1986), New Delhi (1987), No.20 Madras Mail (1990), Kottayam Kunjachan (1990), Indrajaalam (1990), Akashadoothu (1993), Palayam (1994), and F.I.R. (1999). He also directed five films, including Manu Uncle, which won the National Film Award for Best Children's Film in 1988 and the Kerala State Film Award for the Best Children's Film in 1989.
Barney Longest
Bernell "Barney" Longest (July 15, 1917 – July, 1984) was an American baseball infielder in the Negro leagues. He played professionally from 1946 to 1955. He played for the Chicago American Giants in 1946 and 1947, and played in the Provincial League in 1955 with the Burlington A's.

Chicago American Giants
The Chicago American Giants were a Chicago-based Negro league baseball team. From 1910 until the mid-1930s, the American Giants were the most dominant team in black baseball. Owned and managed from 1911 to 1926 by player-manager Andrew "Rube" Foster, they were charter members of Foster's Negro National League. The American Giants won five pennants in that league, along with another pennant in the 1932 Negro Southern League and a second-half championship in Gus Greenlee's Negro National League in 1934.
Samuel Irton
Samuel Irton (29 September 1796 – 10 July 1866) was a British Conservative politician.

The only son of Edmund Lamplugh Irton and Harriet née Hayne, daughter of Richard Hayne, Irton was born at Irton Hall. He was first educated at Shrewsbury School, admitted during Michaelmas in 1814. He then was admitted to St John's College, Cambridge in February 1814. In 1825, he married Eleanor, daughter of Joseph Tiffin Senhouse, but they had no children. Upon his death in 1866, his estates were passed to his cousin Elizabeth Fell.

Irton was first elected Conservative MP for West Cumberland at a by-election in 1833—caused by William Lowther opting to sit for Westmorland—and held the seat until 1847 when he stood down. He returned for the seat at the 1852 and served for one further term until 1857, when he again stood down.

Outside of his political career, Irton was both a Justice of the Peace and a Deputy Lieutenant for Cumberland.

Michaelmas
Michaelmas (/ˈmɪkəlməs/ MIK-əl-məs; also known as the Feast of Saints Michael, Gabriel and Raphael, the Feast of the Archangels or the Feast of Saint Michael and All Angels) is a Christian festival observed in many Western Christian liturgical calendars on 29 September and on 8 November in the Eastern Christian traditions. Michaelmas has been one of the four quarter days of the English and Irish financial, judicial and academic year.

In the Christian angelology of some traditions, the Archangel Michael is considered as the greatest of all the angels, being particularly honoured for defeating Satan in the War in Heaven.
The Lute Player (fairy tale)
The Lute Player, The Tsaritsa Harpist or The Tsaritsa who Played the Gusli (Russian: Царица-гусляр), is a Russian fairy tale. It was published by Alexander Afanasyev in his collection Russian Fairy Tales, as number 338. Andrew Lang included it in The Violet Fairy Book (1901).

The instrument actually described in the fairy tale is a gusli.

Alexander Afanasyev
Alexander Nikolayevich Afanasyev (Russian: Александр Николаевич Афанасьев; 23 July [O.S. 11 July] 1826 – 5 October [O.S. 23 September] 1871) was a Russian Slavist and ethnographer best known for publishing nearly 600 East Slavic and Russian fairy and folk tales, one of the largest collections of folklore in the world. This collection was not restricted to Great Russia, but included folk tales from what are now Ukraine and Belarus as well.  The first edition of his collection was published in eight volumes from 1855 to 1867, earning him the reputation of being the Russian counterpart to the Brothers Grimm.
Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Chicago
The following Swaminarayan temples are located in the area of Chicago, Illinois:

Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Chicago (Itasca), in Itasca, Illinois

Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Chicago (Wheeling), in Wheeling, Illinois

Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Chicago (Wheeling)
Shri Swaminarayan Temple, Wheeling is a Swaminarayan Hindu temple located in the Chicago suburb of Wheeling. It comes under the International Swaminarayan Satsang Mandal (Laxmi Narayan Dev Gadi) of the Swaminarayan Sampraday. The temple is also a member of the International Swaminarayan Satsang Organisation.

Opened on 26 May 1991 by Acharya Shree Ajendraprasadji Maharaj, it is built on two acres of land.

Built at a cost of $1.7 million, it is a tri-spire temple with the spires adorning the front edge of the flat topped building. Surrounded by industrial structures, it is a square-shaped, cream coloured structure with a big prayer hall that caters to a 40,000 strong community and is run entirely by volunteers. The image of Swaminarayan is worshipped in pictorial form along with other avatars of Narayana.