hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jacob Cox
Jacob Cox (November 9, 1810 – January 2, 1892) was an American landscape and portrait painter in Indianapolis, Indiana. Several of his paintings are in the Morris-Butler House. He is also known for his paintings of Indiana Governors James B. Ray, Noah Noble, David Wallace, Samuel Bigger, Joseph A. Wright, and Henry S. Lane. In 1941 a retrospective exhibition of his works was held at the John Herron Art Museum.

Henry S. Lane
Henry Smith Lane (February 24, 1811 – June 19, 1881) was a United States representative and senator and the 13th Governor of Indiana; he was by design the shortest-serving governor of Indiana, having made plans to resign the office should his party take control of the Indiana General Assembly and elect him to the United States Senate. He held that office for only two days, and was known for his opposition to slavery. A Whig until the party collapsed, he supported compromise with the South. He became an early leader in the Republican Party starting in 1856 serving as the president of the first party convention, delivering its keynote address, and was influential in the nomination of Abraham Lincoln. With the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, he became a full-fledged abolitionist, and in the Senate, he was a pro-Union advocate and a strong supporter of the Civil War effort to defeat the Southern Confederacy.
Hayden Building (Boston)
The Hayden Building is a historic building at 681-683 Washington Street in Boston, Massachusetts.

The building was built in 1875 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 as well as designated a Boston Landmark in 1977  Designed to act as commercial retail space, this four story brownstone building shows little of the ornamentation generally associated with Henry Hobson Richardson.  It is the last surviving commercial retail building designed by Richardson in Boston. The building is in Boston's Chinatown neighborhood.

Boston Landmark
A Boston Landmark is a designation by the Boston Landmarks Commission for historic buildings and sites throughout the city of Boston based on the grounds that it has historical, social, cultural, architectural or aesthetic significance to New England or the United States. While National Landmark or National Register status can provide tax incentives for the owner of an income-producing property, local landmark status provides more control over modifications to a designated historic structure or place.
Bishnupur Railway Station
Bishnupur Railway Station is a junction railway station on the Kharagpur–Bankura–Adra line and Sheoraphuli–Bishnupur branch line. It is located in Bankura district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It serves the temple town of Bishnupur and surrounding areas.

Adra, Purulia
Adra is a town and a railway colony situated in the Raghunathpur subdivision of Purulia district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It was well known for its Anglo-Indian population. It is also an important town of north east Purulia. Adra is also a well known railway divisional headquarter of South Eastern Railways.
Spur Corporation
Spur Corporation Limited is a South African restaurant company. It operates a number of franchise chains, among them Casa Bella, Panarotti's‚ RocoMamas and Spur Steak Ranches. The company was founded by Allen Ambor in 1967, when he opened the Golden Spur in Newlands, Cape Town. It is listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange as SUR.

Chain store
A chain store or retail chain is a retail outlet in which several locations share a brand, central management, and standardized business practices. They have come to dominate many retail markets, dining markets, and service categories in many parts of the world. A franchised retail establishment is one form of a chain store.  In 2005, the world's largest retail chain, Walmart, became the world's largest corporation based on gross sales.
1909 Philippine Assembly elections
Philippine Assembly elections were held in the Philippines on November 2, 1909. The election saw one additional seat for the province of Batanes, which has its own representation as an at-large district. The elected representatives would serve in the 2nd Philippine Legislature from 1909 to 1912.

Batanes
Batanes, officially the Province of Batanes, is an archipelagic province in the Philippines, administratively part of the Cagayan Valley region. It is the northernmost province in the Philippines, and the smallest, both in population and land area. The capital is Basco, located on the island of Batan, and is also the most populous municipality in the province.

The island group is located approximately 162 kilometers (101 mi) north of the Luzon mainland and about 190 kilometers (120 mi) south of Taiwan (Pingtung County). Batanes is separated from the Babuyan Islands of Cagayan Province by the Balintang Channel, and from Taiwan by the Bashi Channel.
Galeas per montes
Galeas per montes (galleys across mountains) is the name given to a feat of military engineering made between December 1438 and April 1439 by the Republic of Venice, when several Venetian ships, including galleys and frigates were transported from the Adriatic Sea to Lake Garda. The operation required towing the ships upstream on the river Adige until Rovereto, then transporting the fleet by land to Torbole, on the Northern shores of the lake. The second leg of the journey was the most remarkable achievement, requiring a land journey 20 km through the Loppio Lake and the narrow Passo San Giovanni.

Erasmo of Narni
Erasmo Stefano of Narni (1370 – 16 January 1443), better known by his nickname of Gattamelata (meaning "Honeyed Cat"), was an Italian condottiero of the Renaissance. He was born in Narni, and served a number of Italian city-states: he began with Braccio da Montone, served the Papal States and Florence, as well as the Republic of Venice in 1434 in the battles with the Visconti of Milan.

He was the subject of Donatello's equestrian bronze sculpture in the main square of Padua, the same city over which he became podestà in 1437.

In Narni, the farmhouse in which Gattamelata was born bears a plaque reading "Narnia me genuit Gattamelata fui" ("I was born in Narni, I was Gattamelata").
Glasgow Science Fiction Writers' Circle
The Glasgow Science Fiction Writers’ Circle (GSFWC, aka "The Circle") is a group of amateur, semi-professional, and professional fiction authors that has met regularly in Glasgow, Scotland since 1987.

The purpose of the Circle is to provide a supportive, non-confrontational setting in which an individual's work can be reviewed, critiqued, and discussed. The group's underlying emphasis on quality and professionalism has, in recent years, contributed to the commercial publication of novels and/or short story collections by members including Michael Cobley, Hal Duncan, Gary Gibson, and Neil Williamson. Members have also had work published in magazines including Analog, Asimov's Science Fiction, Interzone, and The Third Alternative, and short story anthologies Nova Scotia: New Scottish Speculative Fiction, Other Edens II, Shipbuilding, and Year's Best Fantasy and Horror.

The Year's Best Fantasy and Horror
The Year's Best Fantasy and Horror was a reprint anthology published annually by St. Martin's Press from 1988 to 2007. In addition to the short stories, supplemented by a list of honorable mentions, each edition included a number of retrospective essays by the editors and others. The first two anthologies were originally published under the name The Year's Best Fantasy before the title was changed beginning with the third book.

For most of its run, the series was edited by Terri Windling and Ellen Datlow, with Windling primarily responsible for the "fantasy" portion of the content and Datlow for the "horror" portion. From the 16th edition (covering works first published in 2003), Windling's role was taken by the team of Kelly Link and Gavin Grant.  The cover art for every edition was done by Thomas Canty. In 2009, it was announced that there would be no 2009 edition. Ellen Datlow is now editing The Best Horror of the Year published by Night Shade Books.
Mrizigue
Mrizigue is a small town and rural commune in Settat Province of the Casablanca-Settat region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 8876 people living in 1252 households.

Casablanca-Settat
Casablanca-Settat (Arabic: الدار البيضاء - سطات, romanized: ad-dār al-bayḍāʾ - siṭṭāt) is one of the twelve administrative regions of Morocco. It covers an area of 20,166 km2 and is the most populous region in Morocco with a recorded population of 7,688,967 in the 2024 Moroccan census, 73.3% of which lived in urban areas. The capital of the region is Casablanca.
To Catch a Cheater
To Catch a Cheater  is a scripted American web series published on YouTube. With over 3 million subscribers, the web series supposedly follows people suspected of committing adultery, or cheating, on their partners. Actors have repeatedly come out in interviews and videos admitting the series is completely scripted, a claim producer Sameer Bhavnani states is not true and that the show features real couples and those claiming are actors are couples who "have changed their mind and regret being on the show".

Scripted reality
Scripted reality (sometimes also euphemized as structured reality or constructed reality) in television and entertainment is a subgenre of reality television with some or all of the contents being scripted or pre-arranged by the production company. While there is considerable overlap in the usage of the terms scripted reality TV and reality TV, the scripted variant will usually not leave the plot or the story's outcome to chance.
Lost for Words (1999 film)
Lost for Words is a British TV film which premiered on ITV on 3 January 1999. It was adapted from his autobiographical book of the same title by Deric Longden and directed by Alan J. W. Bell. It was a sequel to Longden's earlier autobiographical film Wide-Eyed and Legless (aka The Wedding Gift). It dealt with Deric's mother Annie (Thora Hird), her decline into dementia and how Deric (Pete Postlethwaite) and his wife Aileen (Penny Downie) coped with this. For her performance, Hird won the 2000 BAFTA for Best Actress, the 1999 RTS Award for Best Actor – Female, and the 1999 National Television Award for Most Popular Actress. The programme also won a 1999 Peabody Award and the 1999 International Emmy for Best Drama.

International Emmy Awards
The International Emmy Awards, or International Emmys, are part of the extensive range of Emmy Awards for artistic and technical merit for the television industry. Bestowed by the New York–based International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (IATAS), the International Emmys are presented in recognition to the best television programs initially produced and aired outside the United States. The awards are presented at the International Emmy Awards Gala, held annually in November in New York City. It attracts over 1,200 television professionals. The first International Emmys ceremony was held in 1973, expanding what was originally a U.S.-only Emmy Award.
The Woman Who Had Two Navels
The Woman Who Had Two Navels is a 1961 novel by Nick Joaquín, a National Artist for Literature and leading English-language writer from the Philippines. It is considered a classic in Philippine literature.  It was the recipient of the first Harry Stonehill Award.

It tells the story of an elite Filipina who is hallucinating, and is preoccupied with the notion that she has two navels or belly buttons in order to be treated as an extraordinary person.

Philippine English
Philippine English is a variety of English native to the Philippines, including those used by the media and the vast majority of educated Filipinos and English learners in the Philippines from adjacent Asian countries. English is taught in schools as one of the two official languages of the country, the other being Filipino, a standardized form of Tagalog. Due to the influx of Philippine English teachers overseas, Philippine English is also becoming the prevalent variety of English being learned in East Asia and Southeast Asia as taught by Filipino teachers in various countries such as South Korea, Japan, and Thailand among others. Due to the highly multilingual and bilingual nature of the Philippines, code-switching such as Taglish (Tagalog-infused English) and Bislish (English infused with any of the Bisayan languages) is prevalent across domains from casual settings to formal situations. Philippine English is similar and related to  American English but in nativized form.
Michael Nuttall
Michael Nuttall (born 3 April 1934) is a former South African Anglican bishop and author.

He was educated at Maritzburg College, the University of Natal and Rhodes University and ordained in 1965. His first post was as a curate at Grahamstown Cathedral where he was later to return as Dean. In 1975 he was elevated to the episcopate as Bishop of Pretoria. After seven years he was translated to Natal. He was Bishop of Natal until 2000. He continues to serve the Church in retirement.

Translation (ecclesiastical)
Translation is the transfer of a bishop from one episcopal see to another. The word is from the Latin translatio, meaning "carry across" (another religious meaning of the term is the translation of relics).

This can be:

From one diocesan bishopric to another bishopric which is perceived as more important (or the bishop prefers as their see)

From suffragan bishop status to diocesan bishop

From coadjutor bishop to diocesan bishop

From one country's episcopate to another

From diocesan bishop to archbishop
Aleksandrov–Clark measure
In mathematics, Aleksandrov–Clark (AC) measures are specially constructed measures named after the two mathematicians, A. B. Aleksandrov and Douglas Clark, who discovered some of their deepest properties. The measures are also called either Aleksandrov measures, Clark measures, or occasionally spectral measures.

AC measures are used to extract information about self-maps of the unit disc, and have applications in a number of areas of complex analysis, most notably those related to operator theory. Systems of AC measures have also been constructed for higher dimensions, and for the half-plane.

Unit disk
In mathematics, the open unit disk (or disc) around P (where P is a given point in the plane), is the set of points whose distance from P is less than 1:

The closed unit disk around P is the set of points whose distance from P is less than or equal to one:

Unit disks are special cases of disks and unit balls; as such, they contain the interior of the unit circle and, in the case of the closed unit disk, the unit circle itself.

Without further specifications, the term unit disk is used for the open unit disk about the origin, , with respect to the standard Euclidean metric. It is the interior of a circle of radius 1, centered at the origin. This set can be identified with the set of all complex numbers of absolute value less than one. When viewed as a subset of the complex plane (C), the open unit disk is often denoted . Unlike the notationally similar circle group , the (open) unit disk is not a multiplicative group.
Port Passenger Accelerated Service System
The Port Passenger Accelerated Service System (PORTPASS) was a suite of programs of the former U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), including:

Immigration and Naturalization Service Passenger Accelerated Service System (INSPASS)

Secure Electronic Network for Travelers Rapid Inspection (SENTRI)

Videophone Inspection Program (VIP) and Outlying Area Reporting Station (OARS)

Remote Video Inspection System (RVIS)

While SENTRI and the Videophone Inspection Program are still in operation, most of these programs have been superseded by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative programs, such as NEXUS (frequent traveller program) and Global Entry programs.

Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative
The Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI) is the implementation of a requirement to show a passport or other acceptable document to enter the United States, for nationals of certain North American jurisdictions who were previously exempt from it when traveling within the Americas. The requirement comes from the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act, enacted in 2004 in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and implemented in phases between 2007 and 2009. According to the United States Department of Homeland Security, the purpose is to strengthen border security and facilitate entry into the United States for both U.S. citizens and foreign visitors.
Indira Chatterji
Indira Lara Chatterji (born 25 January 1973) is a Swiss-Indian mathematician working in France as a professor of mathematics in the J. A. Dieudonné Laboratory of the University of Côte d'Azur. Her research involves low-dimensional geometry, cubical complexes, and geometric group theory. She has also studied sexism and institutional bias in mathematics.

Cubical complex
In mathematics, a cubical complex (also called cubical set and Cartesian complex) is a set composed of points, line segments, squares, cubes, and their higher-dimensional counterparts. They are used analogously to simplicial complexes and CW complexes in the computation of the homology of topological spaces. Non-positively curved and CAT(0) cube complexes appear with increasing significance in geometric group theory.
Jackson Bazaar Youth
Jackson Bazaar Youth is a 2023 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by Shamal Sulaiman and produced by Zakariya Mohammed under the banner of Cross Boarder Camera and Imagine Cinema. The film stars Lukman Avaran, Jaffar Idukki, Indrans, Chinnu Chandni and Fahim Safar. The film's music is composed by Govind Vasantha.

Zakariya Mohammed
Zakariya Edayur is an Indian film director, screenwriter, actor and producer who works in Malayalam films. Hailing from Valanchery,
Malappuram, Zakariya Edayur is best known for his directorial debut Sudani from Nigeria,
which won several awards and accolades. His second directorial feature was Halal Love Story.
Directions: The Plans Video Album
Directions: The Plans Video Album is a video album from Death Cab for Cutie, corresponding to their major-label debut album Plans. It was released on April 11, 2006 on Atlantic Records/Warner Music Group. Conceptualized by executive producers Aaron Stewart-Ahn and the band's bass player Nick Harmer proposals from around the world were submitted to Death Cab for Cutie, and a budget was allowed for 12 finalists to create videos that would translate their visions of every song from Plans. Directions also includes an interview with the band, directors' statements, treatments and profiles, animatics, and artwork, along with two bonus videos, "Jealousy Rides with Me" and "Talking Like Turnstiles".

At the 2007 Grammy Awards, the videos were nominated for Best Long Form Music Video, but they lost to Bruce Springsteen.

Grammy Award for Best Music Film
The Grammy Award for Best Music Film is an annual accolade for performers, directors, and producers of quality videos or musical programs.  It is presented at the Grammy Awards, a ceremony established in 1958 when it was called the Gramophone Awards.
M1905
M1905 can refer to:

M1905 bayonet

FN M1905 pistol

Colt M1905 New Marine revolver

Colt M1905 pistol

Smith & Wesson Model 1905 revolver

M1905 variant of the Ross rifle

Puteaux M1905 machine gun variant of the St. Étienne Mle 1907

120 mm Krupp howitzer M1905

6-inch gun M1905

120 mm Krupp howitzer M1905
The 120 mm Krupp howitzer M1905 was a howitzer used by Turkey, Japan and a few smaller armies including during World War I. After the Ottoman Empire entered World War I in 1914 on the side of the Central Powers, it realized that it needed to modernize its artillery. The Model 1905 was a "stock gun" from Krupp that could be supplied from parts on hand on short notice, with minor alterations to suit customers' needs. The Model 1905 was a conventional artillery piece for its time, except for the lack of a gun shield to protect the crew. This was not a major liability, as most artillery quickly moved into concealed positions after the first few months of war.
NGC 1788
NGC 1788 is a reflection nebula in the constellation of Orion.  It is rather sharply defined on its southwest perimeter where it is flanked by the dark nebula known as LDN 1616 (or Lynds 1616). LDN 1616 is apparently part of NGC 1788.  The brightest involved star is 10th magnitude and lies in the northwest sector.

Lynds' Catalogue of Dark Nebulae
Lynds' Catalogue of Dark Nebulae (abbreviation: LDN) is an astronomical catalogue of dark nebulae.

Objects listed in the catalogue are numbered with the prefix LDN (not to be confused with LBN, or Lynds' Catalogue of Bright Nebulae), from numbers 1 to 1802.

It was originally compiled in 1962 by American astronomer Beverly Turner Lynds.
Use Your Illusion
Use Your Illusion is the name of two releases by American rock band Guns N' Roses: a 1998 compilation album, drawing from the Use Your Illusion I and II studio albums featuring songs without explicit lyrics; and a 2022 box set anniversary edition of both albums.

The first compilation was only released in the United States, and was primarily sold at Walmart and Kmart, two retail outlets that refused to stock the unedited Use Your Illusion I and II due to explicit lyrics. The second compilation featured remastered versions of both albums alongside several live shows in honor of the album's 30th anniversary.

Izzy Stradlin
Jeffrey Dean Isbell (born April 8, 1962), known professionally as Izzy Stradlin, is an American guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He was a co-founder, rhythm guitarist, and backing vocalist of the hard rock band Guns N' Roses, with whom he recorded four studio albums and left at the height of their fame in 1991.

Following his departure from Guns N' Roses, Stradlin fronted his own rock band, Izzy Stradlin and the Ju Ju Hounds, before continuing to record as a solo artist. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Guns N' Roses in 2012.
Wakayama at-large district
Wakayama at-large district is a constituency in the House of Councillors of Japan, the upper house of the Diet of Japan (national legislature). It currently elects 2 members to the House of Councillors, 1 per election. The current representatives are:

Hiroshige Sekō, first elected in 1998. Term ends in 2025. Member of the Liberal Democratic Party.

Yōsuke Tsuruho, first elected in 1998. Term ends in 2022. Member of the Liberal Democratic Party.

The district has an electorate of 809,547 as of May 2021.

Yōsuke Tsuruho
Yōsuke Tsuruho (鶴保 庸介, Tsuruho Yōsuke; born February 5, 1967) is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party, a member of the House of Councillors in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Osaka and graduate of the University of Tokyo, he was elected to the House of Councillors for the first time in 1998 after running unsuccessfully for the House of Representatives in 1996. He subsequently won two elections for the Japan House of Councilors, Wakayama Prefecture in 2004 and 2010 with 53.83% and 56.79% of the votes respectively.

In 2025, Tsuruho apologized following criticism over his description of the 2024 Noto earthquake as a "fortunate" event that showed how improvements can be made in public services. As a consequence, Tsuhoro lost his position as the chairman of the budget committee in the House of Councillors.
Fouad Naffah
Fouad Georges Naffah (Arabic: فؤاد  نفاع; M 1 March 1925 – 9 April 2017) was a Lebanese politician and former Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of Finance and deputy for Keserwan (1960–1964, and 1972–1992). He held cabinet posts of Minister of Agriculture (March – May 1972), Finance (1972–1973) and Foreign Affairs (1973–1974). He was also a potential presidential candidate at the end of the 1980s.

Keserwan District
Keserwan District (Arabic: قضاء كسروان, transliteration: Qaḍā' Kisrawān) is a district (qadaa) in Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate, Lebanon, to the northeast of Lebanon's capital Beirut. The capital, Jounieh, is overwhelmingly Christian, mostly consisting of Maronites. The area is home to the Jabal Moussa Biosphere Reserve.