hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paederinae
The Paederinae are a subfamily of the Staphylinidae, rove beetles.  As of 2024, three tribes are accepted within this subfamily: Lathrobiini, Paederini, and Pinophilini. This insect is commonly known as Tomcat.

Three of the genera of a subtribe of the Paederini are associated with a skin irritation called Paederus dermatitis, due to a potent vesicant in their haemolymph. This irritant, pederin, is highly toxic, more potent than cobra venom. Thirty-six genera and 436 species are found in North America, generally in damp places, under logs, in caves and ant nests, in litter, or on foliage. Genera include Rugilus and Trisunius.

Astenus cinctus

Deroderus sp.

Lathroium sp.

Myrmecosaurus ferrugineus

Palaminus sp.

Sunius rufipes

Pederin
Pederin is a vesicant toxic amide with two tetrahydropyran rings, found in the haemolymph of the beetle genus Paederus, including the Nairobi fly, belonging to the family Staphylinidae. It was first characterized by processing 25 million field-collected P. fuscipes.  It makes up approximately 0.025% of an insect's weight (for P. fuscipes).

It has been demonstrated that the production of pederin relies on the activities of an endosymbiont (Pseudomonas ssp.) within Paederus.

The manufacture of pederin is largely confined to adult female beetles—larvae and males only store pederin acquired maternally (i.e., through eggs) or by ingestion.
Global Cosmopolitans
Global Cosmopolitans refers to "a talented population of highly educated multilingual people that have lived, worked and studied for extensive periods in different cultures. While their international identities have diverse starting points and experiences, their views of the world and themselves are profoundly affected by both the realities of living in different cultures and their manner of coping with the challenges that emerge.".

The term was developed by Linda Brimm, Professor of Organizational Behavior at INSEAD and further explored in her book Global Cosmopolitans: The Creative Edge of Difference Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine.

INSEAD
INSEAD (/ˈɪnsiæd/ IN-see-ad; French: Institut européen d'administration des affaires) is a non-profit business school with locations in France (Fontainebleau), Singapore, the United Arab Emirates (Abu Dhabi) and the United States (San Francisco).

As a graduate-only business school, INSEAD offers a full-time Master of Business Administration, an Executive MBA (EMBA), an Executive Master in Finance, a Master in Management, an Executive Master in Change, a PhD in management, a Business Foundations post-graduate certificate and a variety of Executive education programmes delivered at campuses in France, Singapore and Abu Dhabi.
Roger Pearman (cricketer)
Roger Pearman (13 February 1943 – 9 April 2009) was an English cricketer and cricket administrator.

Born in Lichfield, Staffordshire, Pearman represented Middlesex (1962-1964), Minor Counties South (1973), Bedfordshire (1973) and Minor Counties North (1974–1975) as a right-handed batsman and a right-arm off-break bowler. He was a successful batsman and captain for Hornsey Cricket Club, and helped found the Middlesex County League.

He served as Chief Executive of Derbyshire County Cricket Club between 1981 and April 1987, where he was instrumental in bringing the club's organisation and facilities up to a much improved standard and returning the club's finances to profit. However, he met with opposition from some on the committee and was sacked.

His younger brother Hugh also represented Middlesex.

Off spin
Off spin is a type of spin bowling in cricket. A bowler who uses this technique is called an off spinner. Off spinners bowl with their right-arm and a  finger spin action. Their normal delivery is called an off break, which spins from left to right (from the bowler's perspective) when the ball bounces on the pitch. For a right-handed batter, the ball breaks towards them from the off side, hence the name 'off break'.

Off spinners bowl mostly off breaks, varying them by adjusting the line and length of the deliveries. Off spinners also bowl other types of delivery, which spin differently. Aside from these variations in spin, varying the speed, length and flight of the ball are also important for the off spinner.

The bowler with the most wickets in the history of both Test matches and ODIs, Muttiah Muralitharan, was an off spinner.
Menk (surname)
Menk is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Eric Menk (born 1974), a Filipino-American basketball player

Gerhard Menk (1946–2019) a German historian and archivist

Ismail ibn Musa Menk (born 1975), a Zimbabwean Islamic scholar

Louis W. Menk (1918–1999), an American railway worker and executive

Eric Menk
Eric Conrad Padua Menk (born August 24, 1974) is a Filipino-American former professional basketball player who played in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) and the ASEAN Basketball League. Known as Major Pain, Menk is a four-time PBA champion and was the 2004–05 PBA Most Valuable Player.

Menk had played for the Barangay Ginebra franchise for twelve seasons before being waived and signed by the San Miguel Beermen of the ASEAN Basketball League. He was eventually picked up by the Aces of the PBA, playing for them for two seasons before retiring.
La Clerecía, Salamanca
La Clerecía is the name given to the building of the former Real Colegio del Espíritu Santo (or Santo Espíritu) of the Society of Jesus, built in Salamanca between the 17th and 18th centuries. It is of baroque style. It differs the college, with an interesting cloister, and the church, with an impressive facade of three bodies. The name of Clerecía is due to an abbreviated denomination of its belonging to the Real Clerecía de San Marcos after the expulsion of the Jesuits from Spain.

Old Cathedral of Salamanca
The Cathedral of Santa María (Spanish: Catedral Vieja de Santa María), known as the Old Cathedral, is one of the two cathedrals in Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain. Founded by Bishop Jerome of Périgord, its construction began in the first third of the 12th century and was finished at the end of the 14th century, in Romanesque and Gothic style. It was finished thanks to the impulse given to the works by Bishop Alfonso Barasaque. It is dedicated to Saint Mary of the See (Santa María de la Sede).
Batrachotrema
Batrachotrema is a genus of trematodes in the family Batrachotrematidae. It is the type-genus of the family, and its type-species is B. petropedatis. The type-species is the only species of the family found in Africa, (as opposed to south-eastern Asia,) and this distinction has led Cribb (2005) to consider that a family-level distinction may be needed between B. petropedatis and other species of Batrachotrematidae; however, molecular testing will be needed to decide this point. Batrachotrema also contains B. pseudobagri, the only species of Batrachotrematidae which is parasitic in a fish, rather than in frogs.

Trematoda
Trematoda is a class of flatworms known as trematodes, and commonly as flukes. They are obligate internal parasites with a complex life cycle requiring at least two hosts. The intermediate host, in which asexual reproduction occurs, is a mollusk, usually a snail. The definitive host, where the flukes sexually reproduce, is a vertebrate. Infection by trematodes can cause disease in all five vertebrate groups: mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fish.
Rodney Gould (rugby union)
Rodney Lloyd Gould (born 10 August 1942) is a South African former international rugby union player.

Gould was born in King William's Town and attended Glenwood High School.

A Natal representative, Gould was preferred over HO de Villiers as Springboks fullback when South Africa hosted the 1968 British Lions, holding his place in the side for all four Test matches. His drop goal in the final Test at Ellis Park helped the Springboks to their third win of the series. He was also a member of their tour of France later that year, during which he was utilised on a wing, but didn't get to feature in any international fixtures.

Qonce
Qonce, formerly King William's Town, is a town in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa along the banks of the Buffalo River. The town is about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of the Indian Ocean port of East London. It has a population of around 35,000 inhabitants and forms part of the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality.

The town lies 389 m (1,276 ft) above sea level at the foot of the Amathole Mountains in an area known for its agriculture. The town has one of the oldest post offices in the country developed by missionaries led by Charles Brownlee.
Guy Paget
Major Thomas Guy Frederick Paget (29 July 1886 – 12 March 1952), was a British soldier and Conservative Party politician.

Paget was the son of Thomas Guy Paget, of Ibstock, Leicestershire. His great-grandfather Thomas Paget, of Lubenham, was a banker and represented Leicestershire in Parliament while his great-uncle, also named Thomas Paget, represented Leicestershire South and Harborough. Paget sat as Member of Parliament for Bosworth from 1922 to 1923.

During the 1922 general election campaign, Paget stood on an anti-German platform. Historians such as M.S.R. Kinnear have suggested that this position resonated with the Bosworth electorate. He gained 40.9% of the vote.

Paget also wrote historical biographies of Medieval women, The Rose of Raby (about Cecily Neville), The Rose of London (about Jane Shore) and The Rose of Rouen (about Elizabeth Woodville).

Paget died in March 1952, aged 65. His son Reginald was also a politician, for the Labour Party.

Ibstock
Ibstock is a former coal mining village and civil parish in North West Leicestershire, England. The population of the civil parish was 5,760 at the 2001 census increasing to  6,201 at the 2011 census and 7,615 at the 2021 census.

The village is on the A447 road between Coalville and Hinckley.

The toponym Ibstock could be a derivative of Ibestoche meaning the farmstead or hamlet of Ibba, which is an Old English personal name also found in other toponyms.
Tumbotino
Tumbotino (Russian: Ту́мботино) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Pavlovsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Population:  7,300 (2010 Census); 7,676 (2002 Census); 8,000 (1989 Soviet census).

Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (Russian: Нижегородская область, romanized: Nizhegorodskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Nizhny Novgorod. It has a population of 3,119,115 as of the 2021 Census. From 1932 to 1990, it was known as Gorky Oblast (Russian: Горьковская область).

The oblast is crossed by the Volga River. Apart from Nizhny Novgorod's metropolitan area (including Dzerzhinsk, Bor and Kstovo) the biggest city is Arzamas. Near the town of Sarov there is the Serafimo-Diveyevsky Monastery, one of the largest convents in Russia, established by Saint Seraphim of Sarov. The Makaryev Monastery opposite of the town of Lyskovo used to be the location of the largest fair in Eastern Europe. Other historic towns include Gorodets and Balakhna, located on the Volga to the north from Nizhny Novgorod.
Danish Confederation of Trade Unions
LO, The Danish Confederation of Trade Unions (Danish: LO, Landsorganisationen i Danmark or simply LO) was founded in 1898 and was an umbrella organisation (the largest of the three national trade union centers in Denmark) for 18 Danish trade unions.  At the end of 2018, it merged into the new Danish Trade Union Confederation.

Umbrella organization
An umbrella organization is an association of (often related, industry-specific) institutions who work together formally to coordinate activities and/or pool resources. In business, political, and other environments, it provides resources and identities to the smaller organizations. In this kind of arrangement, it is sometimes responsible, to some degree, for the groups under its care. Umbrella organizations are prominent in cooperatives and in civil society, and can engage in advocacy or collective bargaining on behalf of their members.
Henri Ciriani
Enrique Ciriani (December 30, 1936 – October 3, 2025) was a Peruvian architect and teacher.

Ciriani was born and worked in Lima, Peru before moving to Paris in 1964. He worked on modernist experimental living projects in the 1960s and 1970s, such as the San Felipe housing complex in Lima, and in 1980 on the Noisy II housing plan for Marne-la-Vallée. He also designed the St. Antoine Hospital kitchen building in Paris in 1985, the Museum of the Great War in Peronne in 1992, and the Archaeological Museum in Arles in 1993.

Ciriani died on October 3, 2025, at the age of 88.

Marne-la-Vallée
Marne-la-Vallée (French: [maʁn la va.le]) (English: Marne Valley) is a new town located near the city centre of Paris, France.

Disneyland Paris, Walt Disney Studios Park, Val d'Europe, Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée, ESIEE Paris, and École des Ponts ParisTech are located in Marne-la-Vallée.
Aglio
Aglio (Italian for "garlic") is a surname. People with this surname include:

Andrea-Salvatore Aglio (1736–1786), Italian painter and sculptor

Agostino Aglio (1777–1857), Italian painter

Domenico Aglio (active 1710), Italian sculptor

Andrea-Salvatore Aglio
Andrea Salvatore di Antonio Aglio, sometimes spelled Allio (1736-1786), was an Italian painter sculptor, born in Arzo, who specialized in painting on marble.

Aglio was born in Arzo.  Notes about his life are provided by the Historical Dictionary of illustrious men of the Canton Ticino, published in 1807 by Gian Alfonso Oldelli, from Meride (who personally knew the artist). Very young, in 1736, he went to Dresden where we stayed for 22 years, working as lapidary (the marble altar (1756) of the church of Borna is his work). He also dedicated to experiment marble coloration techniques, working with acids that finally resulted in his death.
The Incredible Little Richard Sings His Greatest Hits – Live!
The Incredible Little Richard Sings His Greatest Hits – Live! is the first of two albums Little Richard made for the Modern Records label. A live recording from the Domino Club in Atlanta compiled from more than one concert, all the tracks on the album have overdubbed audience noises.

Ace Records has yet to release these (plus several never issued tracks) on CD (except one, Directly From My Heart to You). Ace reports a legal entanglement prohibiting unreleased songs, including "Good bye, so long"; "Try Me"; "Roll Over Beethoven"; "High-Heeled Sneakers" and "I Got a Woman".

Modern Records
Modern Records (Modern Music Records before 1947) was an American record company and label formed in 1945 in Los Angeles by the Bihari brothers. Modern's artists included Hadda Brooks, Etta James, Joe Houston, Little Richard, Ike & Tina Turner and John Lee Hooker. The label released some of the most influential blues and R&B records of the 1940s and 1950s.
Rémalard
Rémalard (French pronunciation: [ʁemalaʁ] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Orne department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Rémalard en Perche.

It is located close to the river Huisne, in the Perche regional park. It is surrounded by the cities of Alencon (60 km to the west), Dreux (65 km to the north east), Chartres (60 km to the east) and Le Mans (72 km to the south west).

Alençon
Alençon (UK: /æˈlɒ̃sɒ̃/, US: /ˌælɒ̃ˈsoʊn/, French: [alɑ̃sɔ̃] ⓘ; Norman: Alençoun) is a commune in Normandy, France, and the capital of the Orne department. It is situated between Paris and Rennes (about 173 kilometres (107 mi) west of Paris) and a little over 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Le Mans. Alençon belongs to the intercommunality of Alençon (around 56,000 people in 2018, of which around 26.000 lived in Alençon).
Battle of Punta Colares
The naval Battle of Punta Colares, also known as the Battle of Corales, was the first major naval engagement of the Cisplatine War. It took place between a fleet of the Empire of Brazil, commanded by admiral Rodrigo José Ferreira Lobo, and a squadron of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata under the command of admiral William Brown. The confrontations began at around 10 o'clock on 9 February 1826 and lasted for seven hours.

United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
The United Provinces of the Río de la Plata or United Provinces of the River Plate, along with United Provinces in South America, are names used to refer to the emerging state that succeeded the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata after the May Revolution, from 1810 to 1831, encompassing the Argentine War of Independence, the Cisplatine War and the beginning of the Argentine Civil Wars. The aforementioned state is now the Argentine Republic. The name "United Provinces of the Río de la Plata" is recognised as one of the official names of Argentina according to Article 53 of its constitution.
No. 120 Squadron RNLAF
120 Squadron was a Netherlands East Indies Air Force unit which was later re-raised part of the Royal Netherlands Air Force. The squadron was first formed in December 1943 as part of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), and saw combat in and around New Guinea during 1944 and 1945 equipped with P-40 Kittyhawk fighters. No. 120 Squadron was transferred to the Netherlands East Indies Air Force in 1946 and attacked Indonesian forces during the Indonesian National Revolution. It was disbanded in 1950 as a result of the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference, but was re-formed in 1961 as an air defence unit. 120 Squadron was disbanded in 1983.

Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference
The Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference was held in The Hague from 23 August to 2 November 1949, between representatives of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Republic of Indonesia and the Federal Consultative Assembly, representing various states the Dutch had created in the Indonesian archipelago.

Prior to this conference, three other high-level meetings between the Netherlands and Indonesia took place; the Linggadjati Agreement of 1947, Renville Agreement of 1948, and the Roem–Van Roijen Agreement in May 1949. The conference ended with the cession of sovereignty to the United States of Indonesia.
Radloff
Radloff is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Frank Kenneth Radloff (1916–1995), merchant and political figure in Saskatchewan

Friedrich Wilhelm Radloff (1837–1918), German-born Russian founder of Turkology, a scientific study of Turkic peoples

Stan Radloff (1919–2009), former Australian rules footballer

Toby Radloff (born 1957), former file clerk who appears in Cleveland writer Harvey Pekar's comic book American Splendor

Wayne Radloff (born 1961), former professional American football offensive lineman

Frank Kenneth Radloff
Frank Kenneth Radloff (December 9, 1916 – May 15, 1995) was a merchant and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Nipawin from 1964 to 1971 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Liberal.

He was born in Star City, Saskatchewan and was educated there. In 1938, Radloff married Inez Nygaard. He was president of Servu Stores Limited. Radloff served as mayor of the town of Nipawin from 1953 to 1963 and from 1974 to 1985, and was a member of the local school board from 1942 to 1952. He ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the provincial assembly in 1960 before being elected in 1964. Radloff was defeated by John Comer when he ran for reelection to the assembly in 1971. He died in Nipawin at the age of 78.
Mikhail Bocharov
Mikhail Vasilyevich Bocharov (Russian: Михаил Васильевич Бочаров, 2 November 1872 – 29 April 1936) was an opera singer from the Russian Empire and later the Soviet Union. Vocally speaking, he is best described as a baritone.

He graduated from Kyiv University as a lawyer. He then studied singing with Everardi and Petza at the Kyiv Music College, and graduated in 1898. He continued his education in Italy. Bocharov sang in Kiev opera since 1900, then sang in Moscow (Zimin Opera), St. Petersburg, Odessa and other cities. He was awarded the honorary title Meritorious Artist of Russia in 1925. From 1932 onwards he sang mostly in concerts. He had a voice of a great range and cultivation. His roles include: Escamillo in Carmen, Figaro in The Barber of Seville, Beckmesser in Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg, Gryaznoi in The Tsar's Bride, Ivan-Korolevich in Kashchey the Immortal, Kochubey in Mazeppa, Onegin, Demon, and Rigoletto, as well as various others.

R. Glier Kyiv Institute of Music
The Glière Music College is the second oldest Ukrainian music conservatory established in the late 19th century in Kyiv, named for Reinhold Glière. In the early 20th century it was split into two music schools, Glière Music College and Kyiv Conservatory (now Kyiv Academy of Music). Over the past century, many world-famous musicians have graduated from this school, such as Vladimir Horowitz and Mélovin.

In 2008, the R. M. Glière Kyiv State Music University was reorganised into the R. M. Glière Kyiv Institute of Music.

In 2018, the institution celebrated its 150th anniversary at the state level, which became an occasion for another renaming. Since 2018 – Reinhold Glier Kyiv Municipal Academy of Music.
Radlinski
Radlinski or Radliński can refer to:

Kris Radlinski (born 1976), English rugby league footballer for Wigan Warriors

Majdan Radliński, village in Lublin Voivodeship, Poland

Mount Radlinski, West Antarctica

Whitmore Mountains
The Whitmore Mountains (82°35′S 104°30′W﻿ / ﻿82.583°S 104.500°W﻿ / -82.583; -104.500) are an isolated mountain range of the Transantarctic Mountains System, located in the Marie Byrd Land region of West Antarctica.

They consist of three mountains and a cluster of nunataks extending over 15 miles. The group was visited and surveyed on January 2, 1959, by William H. Chapman, cartographer with the Horlick Mountains Traverse Party (1958–59). The mountains were named by Chapman for George D. Whitmore, Chief Topographic Engineer of the United States Geological Survey (USGS), who was a member of the Working Group on Cartography of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research.
Aleksandr Salnov
Aleksandr Vasilyevich Salnov (Russian: Александр Васильевич Сальнов; born 8 May 1946) is a Russian professional football coach and a former player.

Salnov played in the Soviet First League with Zenit Izhevsk.

FC Izhevsk
FC Izhevsk (Russian: ФК «Ижевск») was a Russian football team from Izhevsk. It played professionally from 1946 to 1949 and 1956 to 2004. It played at the second-highest level (Soviet First League and Russian First Division) in 1947–1949, 1956–1962, 1968–1969 and 1992–1993.
Mporokoso
Mporokoso (also spelled and pronounced 'Mpolokoso' and 'Mumpolokoso') is a town in the Northern Province of Zambia, lying at an elevation of nearly 1500 m on the flat plateau about 75 km south east of Lake Mweru Wantipa and 100 km south-west of Lake Tanganyika. It is named for Chief Mporokoso (also spelled 'Mumpolokoso') a senior chief of the Bemba people whose palace is located at Chishamwamba close to the town. Mporokoso District is also one of the 12 administrative districts of the Northern Province.

A large population of refugees from the Second Congo War living at the UNHCR-administered refugee camp at Mwange, 32 km west of the town, are being repatriated after the end of that war.

A number of waterfalls lie within 50 km of the town. The closest is the Kapumo Falls, 7km south-west of the town centre. Pule Falls and Mumbuluma Falls III are on the Luangwa River which flows to the south of the town. Lupupa Falls are on the nearby Mukubwe River.

Lake Tanganyika
Lake Tanganyika (/ˌtæŋɡənˈjiːkə, -ɡæn-/ TANG-gən-YEE-kə, -⁠gan-; Kirundi: Ikiyaga ca Tanganyika) is an African Great Lake. It is the world's second-largest freshwater lake by volume and the second deepest, in both cases after Lake Baikal in Siberia. It is the world's longest freshwater lake. It is also the 6th largest lake by area. The lake is shared among four countries—Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (the DRC), Burundi, and Zambia—with Tanzania (46%) and the DRC (40%) possessing the majority of the lake. It drains via the Lukuga River into the Congo River system, which ultimately discharges at Banana, Democratic Republic of the Congo into the Atlantic Ocean.