hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ulan-Ude railway station
Ulan-Ude railway station is the primary passenger railway station for the city of Ulan-Ude in the Republic of Buryatia in Russia, and an important stop along the Trans-Siberian Railway and Trans-Mongolian Railway.

Trans-Mongolian Railway
The Trans-Mongolian Railway (Mongolian: Транс-Монголын төмөр зам, romanized: Trans-Mongoliin tömör zam, pronounced [tʰr̥áns‿mɔɴɢɞ̆ɮíŋ tʰɵ́mɵ̆r̥ t͡sam]) connects Ulan-Ude on the Trans-Siberian Railway in Buryatia, Russia, with Ulanchab in Inner Mongolia, China, via Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. It was completed in 1956, and runs from northwest to southeast with major stations at Naushki/Sükhbaatar on the Russian border, Darkhan, Züünkharaa, Choir, Sainshand, and Zamyn-Üüd/Erenhot on the Chinese border, where the railway changes from single-track to double-track and its gauge changes from 1,520 mm Russian gauge to 1,435 mm standard gauge. The railway also has important branch lines to Erdenet and Baganuur.
Historical Archives of Leskovac
The Historical Archives of Leskovac (Serbian: Историјски архив Лесковац) are the primary institution responsible for preservation of archival materials in the Jablanica District located in Leskovac, Serbia. The archives are primarily serving municipalities of Leskovac, Vlasotince, Crna Trava, Lebane, Bojnik, and Medveđa. The archives were established in 1954 and their current name was introduced in 1959. Since 1973, the archives are located in the building of the old medical centre. In 2024, the institution got involved in court case in which one employee raised complaint for workplace mobbing against the director.

Crna Trava
Crna Trava (Serbian Cyrillic: Црна Трава, pronounced [tsr̩̂ːnaː trǎːʋa]) is a small town and municipality located in the Jablanica District of southern Serbia. According to the 2022 census, the population of the village is 338 inhabitants, while population of the municipality is 1,063. This is the smallest by population and poorest municipality in Serbia.

Crna Trava is famous for its migrant builders, who are considered the best in the region and are colloquially described as "building half of Yugoslavia".
Xu Youzhen
Xu Youzhen (1407–1472) was a Chinese scholar-official, calligrapher, and writer during the Ming dynasty. In early 1457, he played a key role in organizing a coup that overthrew the Jingtai Emperor and reinstated Emperor Yingzong. He was then appointed as the head of the grand secretaries, but was later dismissed and sent into exile. He spent the rest of his life in his hometown of Suzhou.

Scholar-official
The scholar-officials, also known as literati, scholar-gentlemen or scholar-bureaucrats (Chinese: 士大夫; pinyin: shì dàfū), were government officials and prestigious scholars in Chinese society, forming a distinct social class.

Scholar-officials were politicians and government officials appointed by the emperor of China to perform day-to-day political duties from the Han dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty in 1912, China's last imperial dynasty. After the Sui dynasty these officials mostly came from the scholar-gentry (紳士 shēnshì) who had earned academic degrees (such as xiucai, juren, or jinshi) by passing the imperial examinations. Scholar-officials were the elite class of imperial China. They were highly educated, especially in literature and the arts, including calligraphy and Confucian texts. They dominated the government administration and local life of China until the early 20th century.
2026 San Diego Open – Men's doubles
Eliot Spizzirri and Tyler Zink were the defending champions but only Zink chose to defend his title, partnering Joshua Sheehy. He lost in the first round to Trey Hilderbrand and Mac Kiger.

Hilderbrand and Kiger won the title after defeating Garrett Johns and Karl Poling 6–3, 6–4 in the final.

Karl Poling
Karl Poling (born August 4, 1999) is an American tennis player.

Poling has a career high ATP singles ranking of No. 542 achieved on May 26, 2025 and a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 228 achieved on February 23, 2026.

Poling has won one ATP Challenger doubles title at the 2026 Metepec Open.

Poling played college tennis at Princeton before transferring to North Carolina. His father, Jim, was a college tennis coach for over 20 years.
Markada Subdistrict
Markada Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية مركدة)  is a subdistrict of al-Hasakah District in southern al-Hasakah Governorate, northeastern Syria. The Administrative centre is the city of Markada.

At the 2004 census, the subdistrict had a population of 34,745.

Al-Hasakah Governorate
Al-Hasakah Governorate (Arabic: محافظة الحسكة, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat al-Ḥasakah), officially known as Hasakah Governorate (Kurdish: Parêzgeha Hesekê; Classical Syriac: ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܕܚܣܟܗ, romanized: Huparkiyo d'Ḥasake, and also known as ܓܙܪܬܐ, Gozarto) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is located in the far north-east corner of Syria and distinguished by its fertile lands, plentiful water, natural environment, and more than one hundred archaeological sites. It was formerly known as Al-Jazira Province. Prior to the Syrian civil war nearly half of Syria's oil was extracted from the region. It is the lower part of Upper Mesopotamia.

Most of the territory is controlled by the Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (DAANES), which as part of the ongoing Rojava conflict, on 21 January 2014 declared democratic autonomy on the area of Al-Hasakah Governorate as the Jazira Region, the largest of the three original regions of DAANES.
Kirti N. Chaudhuri
Kirti Narayan Chaudhuri (born 8 September 1934) is a historian, author, writer, graphic artist, and lately, a film-maker. He is the second son of the Indian writer Nirad C. Chaudhuri.
Chaudhuri has spent most of his adult life travelling and working in the Middle East, North Africa, South America, and Europe. He is a member of the British Academy and the Academia Europaea. Chaudhuri was ranked Number 58 on The Daily Telegraph's list of the "Top 100 Living Geniuses".

He is the author of several historical monographs, over thirty artist's books and the director of twelve feature films.

Fernand Braudel
Fernand Paul Achille Braudel (French: [fɛʁnɑ̃ bʁodɛl]; 24 August 1902 – 27 November 1985) was a French historian. His scholarship focused on three main projects: The Mediterranean (1923–49, then 1949–66), Civilization and Capitalism (1955–79), and the unfinished Identity of France (1970–85). He was a member of the Annales School of French historiography and social history in the 1950s and 1960s.

Braudel emphasized the role of large-scale socioeconomic factors in the making and writing of history. In a 2011 poll by History Today magazine, he was named the most important historian of the previous 60 years.
Carrollton
Carrollton is the name of some places in the United States of America:

Carrollton, Alabama

Carrollton, Arkansas

Carrollton, Georgia

Carrollton, Illinois

Carrollton, Carroll County, Indiana

Carrollton, Hancock County, Indiana

Carrollton, Kentucky

Carrollton, Maryland, a former town now in the city of Baltimore

Carrollton Manor, a tract of land in Frederick County, Maryland, from which a signer of the U.S. Declaration of Independence, Charles Carroll of Carrollton, took his name

Carrollton Viaduct, the first stone masonry bridge for railroad use in the United States, was built for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in 1829.

Carrollton, Mississippi

Carrollton, Missouri

Carrollton, New Orleans, a former town now in the city New Orleans, Louisiana

Carrollton, New York

Carrollton, Ohio

Carrollton, Texas, the largest city of this name in the United States

Carrollton, Virginia

New Carrollton, Maryland

Carrollton, Missouri
Carrollton is a city and the county seat of Carroll County, Missouri, United States. Carrollton won the 2005 All-America City Award, given out annually by the National Civic League. The population was 3,514 at the 2020 census.
Ikungi District
Ikungi District is one of the six districts of the Singida Region of Tanzania. It is one of the 20 new districts that were formed in Tanzania since 2010; it was split off from Singida Rural District. Ikungi District is bordered to the north by Iramba District, Singida Urban District and Singida Rural District, to the east by Manyara Region, to the south by Manyoni District and to the west by Tabora Region. Its administrative seat is the town of Ikungi.

According to the 2022 Tanzania National Census, the population of Ikungi District was 411,262.

Tabora Region
Tabora Region  (Mkoa wa Tabora in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions located in mid-western part of Tanzania. The regional capital is the municipality of Tabora. Tabora  is bordered by Shinyanga to the north, Singida to the east, Mbeya and Songwe to the south. lastly, Katavi, Kigoma and Geita, border Tabora to the west. Tabora is by far the largest region in Tanzania by area. Most of the population in the region is concentrated in the north in Nzega district. According to the 2022 national census, Tabora Region had a population of 3,391,679.
Palmerston-Little Italy
Palmerston-Little Italy is a neighbourhood in central Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Its boundaries, according to the City of Toronto, are by Bathurst Street to the east, Bloor Street to the north, Dovercourt Road to the west and College Street to the south. It is a mature downtown neighbourhood. Within this official neighbourhood of the City of Toronto are two neighbourhoods, Palmerston and Little Italy and the commercial enclave of Mirvish Village.

English Canadians
English Canadians or Anglo-Canadians refers either to Canadians of English ethnic origin and heritage or to English-speaking (Anglophone) Canadians of any ethnic origin; it is used primarily in contrast with French Canadians. Canada is an officially bilingual country, with English and French official language communities. Immigrant cultural groups ostensibly integrate into one or both of these communities, but often retain elements of their original cultures. The term English-speaking Canadian is sometimes used interchangeably with English Canadian.

In addition to the terms "English Canadian" and "Canadian", the terms "Anglophone Canadian" and "Anglo-Canadian" are also used. An additional 11,135,965 Canadians describe their ethnic background as "Canadian", many of whom may also be of English ancestry.
Baker Correctional Institution
The Baker Correctional Institution  is a state prison for men located in Sanderson, Baker County, Florida, owned and operated by the Florida Department of Corrections.

Since November 2009, Baker's mission is to "prepare inmates for work release and aid in a successful re-entry into society."  The facility has a mix of security levels, including minimum, medium, and close.  Baker Correctional Institution opened in 1978 and has a maximum capacity of 1165 inmates.

In July 2015 two inmates died within a week:  Antonio Gallashaw on the 28th, and Denis Robinson on the 30th.

In 2021, Baker Correctional Institution, along with New River Correctional Institution and Cross City Correctional Institution, was closed temporarily due to a staffing shortage.

Sanderson, Florida
Sanderson is an unincorporated community in Baker County, Florida, United States. The main road through Sanderson is U.S. Route 90, which is intersected by County Roads 229 and 127. Sanderson is also the headquarters of the Baker County Road Department. The town was named after John Pease Sanderson.

Sanderson is located in the southeastern United States and is part of the greater Jacksonville metropolitan area. The area is known for its rural character and strong community traditions.

Sanderson is home to a medical cannabis cultivation facility, as well as several small manufacturing concerns, due to the town's easy access to I10.

The total City Population for Sanderson is about 5,518 with about 296 people per square mile.
Gilbert Vernam
Gilbert Sandford Vernam (April 3, 1890 – February 7, 1960) was a Worcester Polytechnic Institute 1914 graduate and AT&T Bell Labs engineer who, in 1917, invented an additive polyalphabetic stream cipher and later co-invented an automated one-time pad cipher. Vernam proposed a teleprinter cipher in which a previously prepared key, kept on paper tape, is combined character by character with the plaintext message to produce the ciphertext. To decipher the ciphertext, the same key would be again combined character by character, producing the plaintext. 
Vernam later worked for the Postal Telegraph Company, and became an employee of Western Union when that company acquired Postal in 1943.  His later work was largely with automatic switching systems for telegraph networks.

Key (cryptography)
A key in cryptography is a piece of information, usually a string of numbers or letters that are stored in a file, which, when processed through a cryptographic algorithm, can encode or decode cryptographic data. Based on the used method, the key can be different sizes and varieties, but in all cases, the strength of the encryption relies on the security of the key being maintained. A key's security strength is dependent on its algorithm, the size of the key, the generation of the key, and the process of key exchange.
Hampstead Heath with the Salt Box
Hampstead Heath with the Salt Box is a c.1820 landscape painting by the British artist John Constable. It depicts a view of Hampstead Heath looking across Branch Hill towards Harrow and Highgate, with the spire of St Mary's Church, Harrow seen in the distance on the extreme left. It features a view of the house popularly known as the "Salt Box" due to its design. At the time Hampstead was a village on the rural outskirts of London. It was likely amongst the first Constable produced of the area after first moving there for his wife Maria's health. The viewpoint is from nearby Albion Cottage which they rented in 1819.

In his influential 1843 biography Memoirs of the Life of John Constable, Charles Robert Leslie devoted more attention to this painting than any other. The painting is now in the collection of the Tate Britain in Pimlico, having been donated by Constable's daughter Isabel in 1887. An oil sketch in the Victoria and Albert Museum features the Salt Box from a closer distance.

Tate Britain
Tate Britain, known from 1897 to 1932 as the National Gallery of British Art and from 1932 to 2000 as the Tate Gallery, is an art museum on Millbank in the City of Westminster in London, England. It is part of the Tate network of galleries in England, with Tate Modern, Tate Liverpool and Tate St Ives. Founded by Sir Henry Tate, it houses a substantial collection of the art of the United Kingdom since Tudor times, and in particular has large holdings of the works of J. M. W. Turner, who bequeathed all his own collection to the nation. It is one of the largest museums in the country. In 2021, it ranked 50th on the list of most-visited art museums in the world.
Harry Patch (In Memory Of)
"Harry Patch (In Memory Of)" is a song by the English alternative rock band Radiohead. The song is a tribute to the British supercentenarian Harry Patch, the last surviving soldier to have fought in the trenches during World War I. Radiohead self-released it on 5 August 2009 as a downloadable single for £1 from their website, with all proceeds donated to the Royal British Legion. It was added to streaming services on Remembrance Day 2016.

Recorded in an abbey shortly before Patch's death, the song consists of Thom Yorke's vocals and a string arrangement composed by Jonny Greenwood. The lyrics are from the perspective of a soldier in the First World War, and include modifications of quotations from Patch. While reception was generally positive, with many critics praising the song's message, others criticised it as too sombre. The Patch family voiced their approval of the message and the charitable use of the proceeds.

Today (BBC Radio 4)
Today, colloquially known as the Today programme, is BBC Radio 4's long-running morning news and current-affairs radio programme. Broadcast on Monday to Saturday from 06:00 to 09:00 (starting on Saturday at 07:00), it is produced by BBC News and is the highest-rated programme on Radio 4 and one of the BBC's most popular programmes across its radio networks. In-depth political interviews and reports are interspersed with regular news bulletins, as well as Thought for the Day. It has been voted the most influential news programme in Britain in setting the political agenda, with an average weekly listening audience around 6 million.
Demographics of Manchester
Manchester is a populous city in the North West of England. Its total population as of 2021 is 551,938.

This article focuses on the district, that being the City of Manchester rather than the built-up urban area.

North West England
North West England is one of nine official regions of England and consists of the ceremonial counties of Cheshire, Cumbria, Greater Manchester, Lancashire and Merseyside. The North West had a population of 7,417,397 in 2021. It is the third-most-populated region in the United Kingdom, after the South East and Greater London. The largest settlements are Manchester and Liverpool. It is one of the three regions, alongside North East England and Yorkshire and the Humber, that make up Northern England.
Liebshausen
Liebshausen is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde', a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Simmern-Rheinböllen, whose seat is in Simmern.

Simmern-Rheinböllen
Simmern-Rheinböllen is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde is in Simmern. It was formed on 1 January 2020 by the merger of the former Verbandsgemeinden Simmern and Rheinböllen.

The Verbandsgemeinde Simmern-Rheinböllen consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):
Thongam Shanti Singh
Thongam Shanti Singh (1961) is an Indian politician from Manipur. He is an MLA from Moirang Assembly constituency in Bishnupur District. He won the 2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election, representing the National People's Party.

Manipur University
Manipur University (Meitei: Manipur Taibang Maheikol) is a central university located in Imphal, Manipur, India. It was established on 5 June 1980, under the Manipur University Act, 1980 (Manipur Act 8 of 1980), as a teaching cum-affiliating university with territorial jurisdiction over the state of Manipur. It was converted into a central university under the Manipur University Act, 2005 w.e.f. 13 October 2005.
Members of the South Australian House of Assembly, 1938–1941
This is a list of members of the South Australian House of Assembly from 1938 to 1941, as elected at the 1938 state election:

1  Light LCL MHA and Premier Richard Layton Butler resigned on 5 November 1938 in order to contest a by-election for the federal seat of Wakefield. LCL candidate Herbert Michael won the resulting by-election on 21 January 1939.

2  Glenelg independent MHA William Fisk died on 18 December 1940. No by-election was held due to the imminent 1941 state election.

3  Stirling independent MHA Herbert Dunn joined the LCL in 1940.

1938 Wakefield by-election
A by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Wakefield on 10 December 1938. This was triggered by the death of United Australia MP Charles Hawker.

The election was won by Labor candidate Sydney McHugh from a massive 20 percent two-party swing.
Mbeya Rural District
Mbeya Rural District is one of the seven districts of Mbeya Region, Tanzania.  It is bordered to the north by Mbarali District and Chunya District, to the south by Mbeya Urban District and Rungwe District, to the east by Iringa Region and to the west by Mbozi District.

In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 336,498 people in the district, from 305,319 in 2012.

Iringa Region
Iringa Region (Mkoa wa Iringa in Swahili)  is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. The region covers an area of 35,503 km2 (13,708 sq mi). The region is comparable in size to the combined land area of the nation state of Guinea Bissau. Iringa Region is bordered to the east by Morogoro Region and south by Njombe Region. On the west the region is bordered by Mbeya Region. Dodoma Region and Singida Region border Iringa on the north. The regional capital is the city Iringa for which the city is named after. According to the 2022 census, the region has a total population of 1,192,728. Iringa Region is home to Ruaha National Park, Tanzania's second national largest park.
Max Futcher
Max Futcher is an Australian television presenter and journalist.

He currently co-anchors the Brisbane edition of Seven News with each weeknight after being chosen to replace Bill McDonald in March 2018.   Prior to joining Seven in 2014, Futcher had worked as a 10 News First reporter and relief newsreader for Network Ten, and as a WIN News reporter for WIN Television.

In 2006, Futcher won the United Nations Peace Media Award for his reporting in East Timor, and in 2016, won a Queensland Clarion Award (with camera operator Mark Michalek) for best television news report for their coverage of the Bali Nine executions.

Futcher is married with two children.

10 News
10 News is the national news and current affairs division of Network 10. Its flagship program airs at 5:00 pm on weekday evenings, with editions produced from studios in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide and Perth. National bulletins are presented from the network's main studios in Pyrmont, Sydney.

The news division also draws upon the resources of CBS News, and among non-Paramount Skydance sources, ITN (which produces 5 News UK, which is owned by Paramount), APTN and Reuters for select international coverage.
Tadeusz Pełczyński
Tadeusz Walenty Pełczyński (codenames: Grzegorz, Adam, Wolf, Robak; Warsaw, 14 February 1892 – 3 January 1985, London) was a Polish Army major general (generał brygady), intelligence officer and chief of the General Staff's Section II (the military intelligence section).

During World War II, he became chief of staff of the Home Army (ZWZ, Armia Krajowa; July 1941 – October 1944) and its deputy commander (July 1943 – October 1944).

Intelligence officer
An intelligence officer is a member of the intelligence field employed by an organization to collect, compile or analyze information (known as intelligence) which is of use to that organization. The word of officer is a working title, not a rank, used in the same way a "police officer" can also be a sergeant, or in the military, in which non-commissioned personnel may serve as intelligence officers.

Organizations which employ intelligence officers include armed forces, police, and customs agencies.
Nathaniel Ames
Nathaniel Ames (July 22, 1708 – July 11, 1764) was a colonial American physician who published a popular series of annual almanacs.   He was the son of Nathaniel Ames first (1677–1736) and the father of Nathaniel and Fisher Ames. The family was descended from William Ames of Bruton, Somerset, England, whose son William emigrated to Massachusetts and settled at Braintree as early as 1640.

Braintree, Massachusetts
Braintree (US:  /ˈbreɪnˌtri/) is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. It is officially known as a town, but Braintree is a city with a mayor–council form of government, and it is considered a city under Massachusetts law. The population was 39,143 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Greater Boston area, with access to the MBTA Red Line, and is a member of the Metropolitan Area Planning Council's South Shore Coalition. The first mayor of Braintree was Joe Sullivan, who served until January 2020. The current mayor of Braintree is Erin Joyce, who was elected in 2023, defeating incumbent Charles Kokoros.