hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Musca in Chinese astronomy
The modern constellation Musca is not included in the Three Enclosures and Twenty-Eight Mansions system of traditional Chinese uranography because its stars are too far south for observers in China to know about them prior to the introduction of Western star charts. Based on the work of Xu Guangqi and the German Jesuit missionary Johann Adam Schall von Bell in the late Ming Dynasty, this constellation has been classified under the 23 Southern Asterisms (近南極星區, Jìnnánjíxīngōu) with the names Bee (蜜蜂, Mìfēng) and Sea and Mountain  (海山, Hǎishān).

The name of the western constellation in modern Chinese is 苍蝇座 (cāng ying zuò), meaning "the housefly constellation".

Xu Guangqi
Xu Guangqi or Hsü Kuang-ch'i (April 24, 1562 – November 8, 1633), also known by his baptismal name Paul or Paul Siu, was a Chinese agronomist, astronomer, mathematician, politician, and writer during the late Ming dynasty. Xu was appointed by the Chinese Emperor in 1629 to be the leader of the Shixian calendar reform, which he embarked on with the assistance of Jesuits. Xu was a colleague and collaborator of the Italian Jesuits Matteo Ricci and Sabatino de Ursis and assisted their translation of several classic Western texts into Chinese, including part of Euclid's Elements. He was also the author of the Nong Zheng Quan Shu, a treatise on agriculture.

He is one of the "Three Pillars of Chinese Catholicism". The Roman Catholic Church considers him a Servant of God,. On April 15, 2011, Vatican spokesman Federico Lombardi announced the start of a beatification process for Xu Guangqi,  which has stalled.
Pierrette Venne
Pierrette Venne (born 8 August 1945 in Beauharnois, Quebec) was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1988 to 2003. By career, she is a lawyer.

Venne was elected in the Saint-Hubert electoral district as a member of the Progressive Conservative Party in the 1988 general election. The riding had been created from a restructuring of two ridings. She was re-elected in Saint-Hubert in the 1993 general election, and was also re-elected in 1997 and 2000 when the riding was renamed Saint-Bruno—Saint-Hubert. Her term of office would cover the 34th, 35th, 36th and 37th Canadian Parliaments.

She left the Conservatives to join the Bloc Québécois party on 12 August 1991. On 7 February 2003 she was ejected from the Bloc after she made critical comments about party leader Gilles Duceppe. Venne remained in Parliament until the end of her term after which she left politics.

37th Canadian Parliament
The 37th Canadian Parliament was in session from January 29, 2001, until May 23, 2004.  The membership was set by the 2000 federal election on November 27, 2000, and it changed only somewhat due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 2004 election.

It was controlled by a Liberal Party majority, led first by Prime Minister Jean Chrétien and the 26th Canadian Ministry, and then by Prime Minister Paul Martin and the 27th Canadian Ministry.  The Official Opposition was formed by first the Canadian Alliance, led by Stockwell Day and then by Stephen Harper, and then by its successor party, the Conservative Party, also led by Harper.

The Speaker was Peter Milliken.  See also list of Canadian electoral districts 1996-2003 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

There were three sessions of the 37th Parliament:
John Marlor
John Marlor (1789–1835) was an England-born, Charleston, South Carolina-raised master builder whose work in Milledgeville, Baldwin County, Georgia, capital of the state of Georgia from 1804 to 1868, combined several classical style elements to create the American architecture style known as "Milledgeville Federal", characterized by a fanlighted front entrances under two-story double-columned porticoes with cantilevered second story balcony, curved cantilevered staircases, and side-gabled roofs.

Fanlight
A fanlight is a form of lunette window (transom window), often semicircular or semi-elliptical in shape, with glazing bars or tracery sets radiating out like an open fan. It is placed over another window or a doorway, and is sometimes hinged to a transom. The bars in the fixed glazed window spread out in the manner of a sunburst. It is also called a sunburst light. In federation housing it is also called a toplight or top light.
Naved Malik
Naved Malik (born 28 January 1986) is a Pakistani former first-class cricketer who played for Rawalpindi cricket team. He played in 74 first-class, 60 List A and 62 Twenty20 matches between 2006 and 2019. In January 2015, he scored an unbeaten 179 runs in a List A match against Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited.

Rawalpindi cricket team
Rawalpindi cricket team is a first-class cricket team that represents Rawalpindi, Punjab. The team's home ground is Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium, Rawalpindi. They participate in the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy. They were refounded in the 2023/24 season after a revamp of the domestic structure.
Rancho Colus
Rancho Colus was a 8,877-acre (35.92 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Colusa County, California given in 1845 by Governor Pío Pico to John Bidwell.  The name is derived from the name of a Native American tribe living on the west side of the Sacramento River.  The grant extended two leagues along the west bank of the Sacramento River, and encompassed present-day Colusa.

Colusa, California
Colusa is a city in and the county seat of Colusa County, California, located in the Sacramento Valley region of the Central Valley. The population was 6,411 at the 2020 census, up from 5,971 at the 2010 census. Colusa originates from the local Coru Native American tribe, who in the 1840s lived on the opposite side of the Sacramento River.
Manor of Tor Mohun
Tor Mohun (formerly Tor Brewer) is a historic manor and parish on the south coast of Devon, England, now superseded by the Victorian sea-side resort of Torquay and known as Tormohun, an area within that town. In 1876 the Local Board of Health obtained the sanction of Government to alter the name of the district from Tormoham (sic) to Torquay.

The ancient Church of St Saviour, the parish church of Tor Mohun, is on Tor Church Road, today serving as the Greek Orthodox Church of Saint Andrew. It contains several monuments, most notably to Thomas Ridgeway (1543–1598) of Torwood House, lord of the manor of Tor Mohun, and of the Cary families of nearby Torre Abbey, and Cockington Court, both within the parish.

John Swete
Rev. John Swete (born John Tripe) (baptised 13 August 1752 – 25 October 1821) of Oxton House, Kenton in Devon, was a clergyman, landowner, artist, antiquary, historian and topographer and author of the Picturesque Sketches of Devon consisting of twenty illustrated journals of Devon scenery. He was a connoisseur of landscape gardening, and much of his Travel Journals consist of his commentary of the success or otherwise of the landscaping ventures of his gentry friends, neighbours and acquaintances in Devon. He himself undertook major building and landscaping works at Oxton.
Marios Makrionitis
Marios Makrionitis, SJ (Greek: Μάριος Μακρυωνίτης; 8 October 1913 – 8 April 1959) was a Greek Jesuit prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as the Archbishop of Athens from 1953 until 1959, when he died from injuries caused by an automobile accident.

Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate
The Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate (OMI) is a missionary religious congregation in the Catholic Church. It was founded on January 25, 1816, by Eugène de Mazenod, a French priest later recognized as a Catholic saint. The congregation was given recognition by Pope Leo XII on February 17, 1826. As of January 2020, the congregation was composed of 3,631 priests and lay brothers usually living in community. Their traditional salutation is Laudetur Iesus Christus ('Praised be Jesus Christ'), to which the response is Et Maria Immaculata ('And Mary Immaculate'). Members use the post-nominal letters "OMI".

As part of its mission to evangelize the "abandoned poor", OMI are known for their mission among the Indigenous peoples of Canada, and their historic administration of at least 57 schools within the Canadian Indian residential school system. Some of those schools have been associated with cases of child abuse by Oblate clergy and staff.: 399–452
Oeceoclades petiolata
Oeceoclades petiolata is a terrestrial orchid species in the genus Oeceoclades that is endemic to northern and western Madagascar. It was first described by the German botanist Rudolf Schlechter in 1913 as Eulophia petiolata. Schlechter later moved this species to the genus Eulophidium in 1925. It was again moved to the genus Lissochilus by the French botanist Joseph Marie Henry Alfred Perrier de la Bâthie in 1941 and last transferred the genus Oeceoclades in 1976 by Leslie Andrew Garay and Peter Taylor. Garay and Taylor noted that this species is almost identical to O. alismatophylla in vegetative morphology, but the two differ in the shape of the labellum on the flower. The labellum is fiddle-shaped and has three thickened veins in front of the calli.

Rudolf Schlechter
Friedrich Richard Rudolf Schlechter (16 October 1872 – 16 November 1925) was a German taxonomist, botanist, and author of several works on orchids.

He went on botanical expeditions in Africa, Indonesia, New Guinea, South and Central America and Australia.

His vast herbarium was destroyed during the bombing of Berlin in 1945.
Star of the Commander of Valour
The Star of the Commander of Valour (Malay: Panglima Gagah Berani) is a medal awarded by the Malaysian government. The award was established on 29 July 1960, and it was formally gazetted by an act of parliament on 11 August 1960. It is Malaysia's second highest gallantry award, coming in second only to the Grand Knight of Valour (Malay: Darjah Kebesaran Seri Pahlawan Gagah Perkasa).

Only members of the military (i.e. all services under the Malaysian Armed Forces) and members of law enforcement forces (e.g. Royal Malaysia Police and Malaysia Coast Guard) are eligible for the award. It can be bestowed posthumously.

When compared to British Armed Forces military awards, this award is equivalent to the Conspicuous Gallantry Cross.

Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
The Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency (Abbr.; MMEA; Malay: Agensi Penguatkuasaan Maritim Malaysia – APMM; Jawi: اڬينسي ڤڠواتكواس ماريتيم مليسيا‎); formally known as Malaysia Coast Guard for international identification, is the coast guard organisation of Malaysia, and principal government agency tasked with maintaining law and order, and coordinating search and rescue operations in the Malaysian Maritime Zone and on the high seas.

The Agency and its members are part of the Malaysian Federal Civil Agency and report directly to the Ministry of Home Affairs. The MMEA however, can be integrated under Malaysian Armed Forces command during an emergency, special crisis, or wartime.

The agency maintains close ties with the United States Coast Guard (USCG) and Japan Coast Guard (JCG).
2021 IBG Prague Open
The 2021 IBG Prague Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was part of the 2021 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Prague, Czech Republic, between 23 and 29 August 2021.

Andrew Paulson (tennis)
Andrew Paulson (born 16 November 2001) is a Czech tennis player.

Paulson has a career-high ATP singles ranking of 302 achieved on 6 November 2023. He also has a career-high doubles ranking of 123 achieved on 25 September 2023.
Paulson has won eight ATP Challenger doubles titles, seven of them in 2023.
Battle of Bakenlaagte
The Battle of Bakenlaagte in  Eastern Transvaal, South Africa, occurred on 30 October 1901 during the guerrilla phase of Anglo-Boer war of 1899–1902. The battle saw the Eastern Transvaal Boer commandos of Generals Johan Grobler, Coen Brits, Piet Viljoen and Louis Botha attack the rearguard of Colonel Benson's much feared No. 3 Flying Column while it was in marching formation to its base camp. On the Boer side general Daniel Opperman was killed in the engagement. The Bakenlaagte battlefield is located on the Kriel-Kinross road at the intersection of the R547 and R580 roads in Mpumalanga Province, just south of Matla Power Station.

Military camp
A military camp or bivouac is a semi-permanent military base, for the lodging of an army. Camps are erected when a military force travels away from a major installation or fort during training or operations, and often have the form of large campsites.

In the British Army, Commonwealth armies, the United States Marine Corps, and other military forces, permanent military bases are also called camps, including Tidworth Camp, Blandford Camp, Bulford Camp, and Devil's Tower Camp of the British Army; and Camp Lejeune and Camp Geiger of the United States Marine Corps.
Devendra Sharma (politician)
Devendra Sharma (18 March 1959 – 21 March 2025) was an Indian politician, who served as a Member of Legislative Assembly. He was one of the strong leaders of Odisha Pradesh Congress Committee and a member of Opposition in the Odisha Legislative Assembly. He was the 15th MLA, elected from the Aul constituency in 2014. He belonged to the Indian National Congress party.

Odisha Legislative Assembly
The Odisha Legislative Assembly is the unicameral state legislature of the state of Odisha in India. The seat of the Legislative Assembly is at Bhubaneswar, the capital city. The Legislative Assembly comprises 147 Members of Legislative Assembly. Out of total 147 Assembly Constituencies of Odisha Legislative Assembly, 33 seats are reserved for Scheduled Tribes (ST) and 24 seats for the Scheduled Castes (SC).
Jette Thyssen
Jette Thyssen (born 1933) is a Danish textile artist, painter and lithographer who produces brightly coloured, geometrically patterned compositions. She has decorated many buildings, including the Montmartre Jazz Club in Copenhagen for its opening in 1959 and the town hall in Frederikssund with a tapestry in 1987. Since the early 1970s, she has exhibited widely in Denmark and abroad.

Textile arts
Textile arts are arts and crafts that use plant, animal, or synthetic fibers to construct practical or decorative objects.

Textiles have been a fundamental part of human life since the beginning of civilization. The methods and materials used to make them have expanded enormously, while the functions of textiles have remained the same, there are many functions for textiles. Whether it be clothing or something decorative for the house/shelter. The history of textile arts is also the history of international trade.  Tyrian purple dye was an important trade good in the ancient Mediterranean. The Silk Road brought Chinese silk to India, Africa, and Europe, and, conversely, Sogdian silk to China. Tastes for imported luxury fabrics led to sumptuary laws during the Middle Ages and Renaissance.  The Industrial Revolution was shaped largely by innovation in textiles technology: the cotton gin, the spinning jenny, and the power loom mechanized production and led to the Luddite rebellion.
Algernon Durand
Algernon George Arnold Durand, CB, CIE (31 March 1854 – 8 October 1923) was a British soldier.

He was the third son of General Henry Marion Durand and younger brother of Edward, 1st Baronet Durand, and Mortimer.

He fought in the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–1880) at the Battle of Kandahar on 1 September 1880. He served as the district agent at Gilgit (1889–1894). In 1891, as a colonel, he commanded the successful Hunza–Nagar campaign, in which he was wounded. He wrote an account of the campaign, The Making of a Frontier, published in 1899. He was the military secretary to Lord Elgin, Viceroy of India (1894–1899), whose niece, Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Charles Bruce, he married. He served at court as a Gentlemen at Arms. He was one of the founding members of the Central Asian Society in 1901.

Order of the Indian Empire
The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria on 1 January 1878. The Order includes members of three classes:

Knight Grand Commander (GCIE)

Knight Commander (KCIE)

Companion (CIE)

Appointments terminated after 1947, the year that British India became the independent Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan. With the death of the last surviving knight, the Maharaja Meghrajji III of Dhrangadhra, the order became dormant in 2010.
The motto of the Order is Imperatricis auspiciis, (Latin for "Under the auspices of the Empress"), a reference to Queen Victoria, the first Empress of India. The Order is the junior British order of chivalry associated with the British Indian Empire; the senior one is The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India.
Macklovitch
Macklovitch is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alain Macklovitch (born 1982), better known as A-Trak, Canadian DJ and musician

David Macklovitch (born 1978), better known as Chromeo, Canadian musician and singer

Chromeo
Chromeo is a Canadian electro-funk duo from Montreal, formed in 2002 by musicians David "Dave 1" Macklovitch and Patrick "P-Thugg" Gemayel. Their sound draws from soul music, dance music, rock, synth-pop, disco and funk.

As of 2024, the band has released six studio albums, with three of them hitting the Billboard 200 charts. In 2018, Chromeo received their first Grammy Award nomination for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical for their album Head over Heels.
Ronny Berg
Ronny Berg (born 16 April 1970) is a Norwegian politician for the Progress Party.

He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Finnmark during the term 2013–2017. In total he met during 7 days of parliamentary session. From 2015 to 2017 he served in Solberg's Cabinet as a State Secretary in the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries. He was also the deputy mayor of Alta Municipality.

On 31 August 2019, two of Berg's relatives, those being his son Kevin Berg, and his niece Kine Johnsen, died in a helicopter crash in the mountains of Skoddevarre in Alta Municipality. In 2022, he criticised the operator Helitrans' practice of letting pilots gain experience with sightseeing tours.

Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries
The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries (Norwegian: Nærings- og fiskeridepartementet, NFD) is a Norwegian ministry responsible for business, trade, industry, and the fisheries industry.

In addition, the ministry was transferred the competition policy department from the former Ministry of Government Administration, Reform and Church Affairs, as well as the responsibility for company legislation from the Ministry of Justice and Public Security.

The ministry was formed in January 2014 following the merge of two ministries, the Ministry of Trade and Industry and Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs
Reinhold Trampler
Reinhold Trampler (26 July 1877 – 21 December 1964) was an Austrian fencer who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Austrian sabre team, which won the silver medal. In the individual foil event he was eliminated in the first round.

Fencing at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's foil
The men's foil was a fencing event held as part of the Fencing at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme in Stockholm, Sweden. It was the fourth appearance of the event, which had not been contested in 1908. There were 94 competitors from 15 nations, a large increase from the 9 fencers who had competed in 1904. The event was won by Nedo Nadi of Italy, the first of his two victories in the event. His countryman Pietro Speciale took silver, while Richard Verderber of Austria took bronze.
C/O Sir
C/O Sir ("Care of Sir") is a 2013 Indian Bengali romantic thriller film directed by Kaushik Ganguly and produced by Jaspreet Kaur. The film tells the story of a blind school teacher's life and his struggle to prevent the school from being sold. The lead character is played by Saswata Chatterjee. It went on to Singapore Film Festival 2013.

Kurseong
Kurseong (Nepali pronunciation: [ˈkʰʌrsaŋ], Bengali pronunciation: [ˈkaɾʃi̯aŋ]) is a town and a municipality in Darjeeling district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Kurseong subdivision.

Located at an altitude of 1,482.55 metres (4,864.0 ft), Kurseong is 32 kilometres (20 mi) from Darjeeling and has a pleasant climate throughout the year.

Kurseong is 34 kilometres (21 mi) from Siliguri and is connected to the city by road and the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway. The nearest airport is at Bagdogra and the nearest major railway station is New Jalpaiguri, which is about 45 kilometres (28 mi) from the town. The economy is based primarily on education and tourism.
Skottsbergia
Skottsbergia is a monotypic genus, of haplolepideous mosses (Dicranidae) in the family Ditrichaceae containing the single species Skottsbergia paradoxa. It is endemic to Argentina, where it is an endangered species known from just a few locations. It occurs in the southernmost parts of Argentina, growing on South Georgia and Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego in boggy habitat.

The moss is light green with red setae and it grows up to 10 centimeters tall in some conditions.

The genus was circumscribed by Jules Cardot in Rev. Bryol. vol.32 on page 47 in 1905.

The genus name of Skottsbergia is in honour of Carl Johan Fredrik Skottsberg (1880–1963), who was a Swedish botanist and explorer of Antarctica.

Jules Cardot
Jules Cardot (18 August 1860 – 22 November 1934) was a French botanist and bryologist considered in his time one of the world's leading experts on the mosses of Antarctica.

He was the son-in-law of botanist Louis Piré.
His collection of herbarium specimens at his laboratories in Charleville was heavily looted and damaged during World War I. The French Academy of Sciences awarded the 1893 "Prix Montague" to Cardot for his work on mosses. Cardot named 40 genera and 1200 species.
Toses
Toses (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈtɔzəs]) is a small village in the county of Ripollès in the province of Girona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain. It is furthermore the name of the municipality of Toses which, in addition to the village of Toses, comprises the villages of Fornells, Dòrria and Nevà.

The R3 railway service from Barcelona to the French border has a stop in the village.

Province of Girona
The Province of Girona (Catalan: província de Girona [pɾuˈvinsiə ðə ʒiˈɾonə]; Spanish: provincia de Gerona [pɾoˈβinθja ðe xeˈɾona]) is a province in the northeastern part of the autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain. It is bordered on the northwest by the province of Lleida, on the southwest by the province of Barcelona, on the north by France (Pyrénées-Orientales), and on the east by the Mediterranean Sea.

The population of the province in 2016 was 739,607. Its capital and largest city is Girona, with an urban area (including the neighbouring municipalities of Salt, Sarrià de Ter and Vilablareix) representing, with a total population of 144,709, 19.2% of the population. The Girona area acts as an industrial, commercial and service hub for a significant part of the province.
Diano Arentino
Diano Arentino (Ligurian: Dian Arentin) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Imperia in the Italian region Liguria, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 7 kilometres (4 mi) north of Imperia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 648 and an area of 8.3 square kilometres (3.2 sq mi).

Diano Arentino borders the following municipalities: Chiusanico, Diano Castello, Diano San Pietro, Imperia, Pontedassio, and Stellanello.

Province of Imperia
The province of Imperia (Italian: provincia di Imperia; Ligurian: provinsa d'Imperia; Occitan: província d'Impèria; French: Province d'Imperia) is a mountainous and hilly province in the Liguria region of Italy, situated between France to the north and the west, and the Ligurian Sea, an arm of the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Its capital is Imperia, though the largest city is Sanremo. It has 209,152 inhabitants.