hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chemistry education
Chemistry education (or chemical education) is the study of teaching and learning chemistry. It is one subset of STEM education or discipline-based education research (DBER). Topics in chemistry education include understanding how students learn chemistry and determining the most efficient methods to teach chemistry. There is a constant need to improve chemistry curricula and learning outcomes based on findings of chemistry education research (CER). Chemistry education can be improved by changing teaching methods and providing appropriate training to chemistry instructors, within many modes, including classroom lectures, demonstrations, and laboratory activities.

Teaching
Teaching is the practice implemented by a teacher aimed at transmitting skills (knowledge, know-how, and interpersonal skills) to a learner, a student, or any other audience of an educational institution. Teaching is closely related to learning, the student's activity of appropriating this knowledge.

Teaching is part of the broader concept of education.
Gowardia arctica
Gowardia arctica is a species of terricolous (ground-dwelling),  fruticose (bushy) lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in arctic regions of Northern Canada and Russia, it was formally described as a new species in 2009 by Pekka Halonen, Leena Myllys, Saara Velmala, and Heini Hyvärinen. The type specimen was collected from Banks Island in Swan Lake (Inuvialuit, Northwest Territories); here, at an elevation of 100 m (330 ft), it was found growing among mesic mountain heath. It also occurs along the Arctic Ocean coast (and associated islands) of Russia. The lichen is richly branched, black to black-brown in colour (regions close to the base may be lighter), and reaches up to 13 cm (5.1 in) in diameter. It contains alectorialic acid and two other unknown lichen products.

Inuvialuit
The  Inuvialuit (sing. Inuvialuk; 'the real people') or Western Canadian Inuit are Inuit who live in the western Canadian Arctic region. They, like all other Inuit, are descendants of the Thule who migrated eastward from Alaska. Their homeland – the Inuvialuit Settlement Region – covers the Arctic Ocean coastline area from the Alaskan border, east through the Beaufort Sea and beyond the Amundsen Gulf which includes some of the western Canadian Arctic Islands, as well as the inland community of Aklavik and part of Yukon. The land was demarked in 1984 by the Inuvialuit Final Agreement.
Pristimantis melanogaster
Pristimantis melanogaster is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to northern Peru where it is only known from vicinity of the type locality in the Bagua Province, Amazonas Region.
Its natural habitats are páramo and elfin forest within very humid montane forest at elevations of 2,800–3,470 m (9,190–11,380 ft) asl. It is known from only three locations in a region subject to destruction of habitat through agriculture, livestock grazing and wood extraction.

Dwarf forest
Dwarf forest, elfin forest, or pygmy forest is an uncommon ecosystem featuring miniature trees, inhabited by small species of fauna such as rodents and lizards. They are usually located at high elevations, under conditions of sufficient air humidity but poor soil. There are two main dwarf forest ecosystem types, involving different species and environmental characteristics: coastal temperate and montane tropical regions. Temperate coastal dwarf forest is common for parts of Southern California. Montane tropical forests are found across tropical highlands of Central America, northern South America and Southeast Asia. There are also other isolated examples of dwarf forests scattered across the world, while the largest dwarf forest is found in the Philippines.
Kyung-sook
Kyung-sook, also spelled Gyeong-suk, Kyung-suk or Kyong-suk, is a Korean given name. Kyung-sook was the seventh-most popular name for baby girls in South Korea in 1950, rising to fifth place by 1960.

People with this name include:

Pak Kyong-suk (1921–2020), North Korean politician

Jeong Gyeong-suk (born c. 1945), South Korean flight attendant, one of the unreturned victims of the 1969 Korean Air Lines YS-11 hijacking

Mun Gyeong-suk (born 1945), South Korean volleyball player

Shin Kyung-sook (born 1963), South Korean writer

Kim Gyeong-suk (born 1967), South Korean cyclist

Ri Kyong Suk (North Korean singer) (born 1970), North Korean singer

Won Gyeong-suk (born 1975), South Korean sport shooter

Jin Gyeong-suk (1980–2005), North Korean defector

Hong Kyung-suk (born 1984), South Korean football player

Park Kyung-suk (taekwondo), South Korean taekwondo athlete

Hong Kyung-suk
Hong Kyung-suk (Korean: 홍경숙, Korean pronunciation: [hoŋ.ɡjʌŋ.suk̚] or [hoŋ] [kjʌŋ.suk̚]; born October 14, 1984) is a South Korean football coach and former player who is currently the coach for the Bhutanese women's national football team. She previously played for WK League side Daekyo Kangaroos.
Henry Paget, 2nd Earl of Uxbridge
Henry Paget, 2nd Earl of Uxbridge (22 January 1719 – 16 November 1769) was a British nobleman, styled Lord Paget from 1742 to 1743.

The only son of Thomas Paget, Lord Paget, and his wife Lady Elizabeth, he was commissioned a cornet in the 1st (Royal) Regiment of Dragoons on 23 April 1742, shortly after the death of his father. He succeeded his grandfather as Earl of Uxbridge in 1743. He was appointed a deputy lieutenant for Staffordshire on 7 July 1757, and died, unmarried, on 16 November 1769. He was buried on 24 November at West Drayton.

1st The Royal Dragoons
The Royal Dragoons (1st Dragoons) was a heavy cavalry regiment of the British Army. The regiment was formed in 1661 as the Tangier Horse. It served for three centuries and was in action during the First and the Second World Wars. It was amalgamated with the Royal Horse Guards to form The Blues and Royals in 1969.
Steve Allman
Steve Allman (born 16 May 1968) is a Norwegian former professional ice hockey goaltender.

Allman was born in Oslo, Norway. He played in the Eliteserien for Furuset, Trondheim Black Panthers, and Manglerud Star. He played for the Norwegian national ice hockey team at the 1992 Winter Olympics.

Manglerud Star Ishockey
Manglerud Star Ishockey, commonly known as Manglerud Star and abbreviated as MS, is a Norwegian ice hockey team based in Oslo, Norway. They currently play in the 2. divisjon, after replacing the bankrupt Rosenborg IHK in the summer of 2014.

Manglerud Star was founded in 1967 and was promoted to the top division in 1973. The club enjoyed a spell of success in the late 1970s, winning two national championships, to date the club's only trophies. In modern times, the club is still widely regarded to have one of the best youth academies in Norwegian hockey. Manglerud play their home games at Manglerudhallen.
1918 Dutch cabinet formation
A cabinet formation took place in Netherlands after the general election of 3 July 1918. The formation led to the swearing-in of the first Ruijs de Beerenbrouck cabinet on 9 September 1918, compromising the General League of Roman Catholic Electoral Associations (AB), the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) and the Christian Historical Union (CHU).

Alexander Idenburg
Alexander Willem Frederik Idenburg (23 July 1861 – 28 February 1935) was a Dutch military officer and politician of the Anti-Revolutionary Party who served as Governor-General of Suriname from 1905 until 1908, and the Dutch East Indies from 1909 until 1916. He also served as Minister of Colonies on three occasions between 1902 and 1919. Idenburg served on the Council of State from 1925 until his death in 1935.
Kempsey, Worcestershire
Kempsey is a village and civil parish in the Malvern Hills District in the county of Worcestershire, England.  It is bounded by the River Severn on the west, and the A38 main road runs through it and is about 3 miles (5 km) south of Worcester.

The village has a long history. Its name is derived from the Saxon "Kemys' Eye", or the island of Kemys. Kemys was a Saxon chief, whose island lay between marshes and the River Severn. One of the roads in Kempsey, Lyf's Lane, is named after another Saxon chief. The village was recorded in the 11th century Domesday Book as having a value of £7.

The local Anglican church of St. Mary was built between the 12th century and 15th centuries, and the 15th-century tower is 82 feet (25 m) tall.
The composer Sir Edward Elgar lived in the village from 1923 to 1927, during which time he was made Master of the King's Music.
The village has several pubs including one named after Bishop Walter de Cantilupe.

Sir
Sir is a formal honourific address in English for men, derived from Sire in the High Middle Ages. Both are derived from the old French "Sieur" (Lord), brought to England by the French-speaking Normans, and which now exists in French only as part of "Monsieur" lit. 'my lord'.

Traditionally, as governed by law and custom, Sir is used for men who are knights and belong to certain orders of chivalry, as well as later applied to baronets and other offices.

As the female equivalent for knighthood is damehood, the suo jure female equivalent term is typically Dame. The wife of a knight or baronet tends to be addressed as Lady, although a few exceptions and interchanges of these uses exist.

Additionally, since the late modern period, Sir has been used as a respectful way to address a man of superior social status or military rank. Equivalent terms of address for women are Madam (shortened to Ma'am), in addition to social honourifics such as Mrs, Ms, or Miss.
First Baptist Church of Painted Post
First Baptist Church of Painted Post is a historic Baptist church located at Painted Post in Steuben County, New York. The church was originally built in 1860 and expanded and remodeled in 1915 by architects Pierce & Bickford after a fire destroyed the mid-19th century building's tower and spire.  The three-part church consists of the main block—a 40-foot-wide (12 m), 60-foot-deep (18 m), gable-roofed edifice built in 1860 and now containing the sanctuary; the front wing—a 40-foot-wide (12 m), 12-foot-deep (3.7 m) addition built in 1915 and now containing the foyer and narthex; and a noncontributing rear addition.  The front wing features two massive square corner towers surmounted by louvered bell towers and bell curved roofs.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

Steuben County, New York
Steuben County (/ˈstjuːbən/ STEW-bən or /stjuːˈbɛn/ stew-BEN) is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, its population was 93,584. Its county seat is Bath. Its name is in honor of Baron von Steuben, a Prussian general who fought on the American side in the American Revolutionary War, though it is not pronounced the same (German: [fɔn ˈʃtɔʏbn̩]). The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.

Steuben County comprises the Corning, NY micropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Elmira-Corning, NY combined statistical area.
The Pharmacist (TV series)
The Pharmacist is an American true crime documentary series produced by The Cinemart. It released in February 2020 on Netflix, the series relates the efforts of Dan Schneider (activist), a small-town pharmacist in Poydras, Louisiana, to identify his son's killer and how this led to his gathering evidence against a prolific "pill mill" doctor in New Orleans.

Cinemart
Cinemart is a Czech film company founded in 1992 as Lucernafilm. It changed to its current name in 1995. Cinemart was a minor film distributor with only 1% share on the market. It changed when Cinemart took over US partners of Bontonfilm becoming one of largest film distribution companies in the Czech Republic. They are the current distributors for Universal Pictures films in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

As of 2022 Cinemart holds 34.5% market share being the largest Czech film distributor.
French Concert
French Concert is a live album by the Shelly Manne Quartet featuring Lee Konitz, recorded in Paris by Radio France as part of George Wein's Newport Jazz Festival tour in 1977, and released on the Galaxy label in 1979.

George Wein
George Wein (October 3, 1925 – September 13, 2021) was an American jazz promoter, pianist, and producer. He was the founder of the Newport Jazz Festival, which is held every summer in Newport, Rhode Island. He also co-founded the Newport Folk Festival with Pete Seeger and Theodore Bikel and was instrumental in the founding of the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival.
Louis Juchereau de St. Denis
Louis Antoine Juchereau de St. Denis (French: Louis Juchereau de Saint-Denis; September 17, 1676 – June 11, 1744) was a French Canadian soldier and explorer best known for his exploration and development of the Louisiana (New France) and Spanish Texas regions. He commanded a small garrison at Fort de la Boulaye on the lower Mississippi River, built in 1700, and founded Fort St Jean Baptiste de Natchitoches in northern La Louisiane, as they called the French colony.

Caddo
The Caddo people (Caddo language: Hasí꞉nay) comprise the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, a federally recognized tribe headquartered in Binger, Oklahoma. They formerly spoke the Caddo language.

The Caddo Confederacy was a network of Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands, who historically inhabited much of what is now northeast Texas, western Louisiana, southwestern Arkansas, and southeastern Oklahoma. Prior to European contact, they were the Caddoan Mississippian culture, who constructed huge earthwork mounds at several sites in this territory, flourishing about 800 to 1400 CE. In the early 19th century, Caddo people were forced to a reservation in Texas. In 1859, they were removed to Indian Territory.
Iris van Herpen
Iris van Herpen (born June 5, 1984) is a Dutch fashion designer known for fusing technology with traditional haute couture craftsmanship. Van Herpen opened her own label Iris van Herpen in 2007. In 2011, the Dutch designer became a guest-member of the Parisian Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture, part of the Fédération française de la couture. Since then, Van Herpen has continuously exhibited her new collections at Paris Fashion Week. Van Herpen's work has been included in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Victoria & Albert Museum, the Cooper-Hewitt Museum in New York and the Palais de Tokyo in Paris.

Fédération de la Haute Couture et de la Mode
The Fédération de la Haute Couture et de la Mode (French pronunciation: [fedeʁɑsjɔ̃ d(ə) la ot kutyʁ e d(ə) la mɔd]; 'Federation of Haute Couture and Fashion') is the governing body for the French fashion industry. It has a dual mission: as a professional organisation in the classic sense of the term, as in other sectors of the economy. As such, it provides services to its members, and represents them in the professional ecosystem and towards public authorities in France and Europe. As an event organisation with Paris Fashion Week and Haute Couture Week, for which it structures the official calendars and adjacent activities, it aims to consolidate Paris as the fashion capital of the world.
A Sleeping Memory
A Sleeping Memory is a surviving 1917 silent film drama directed by George D. Baker and starring Emily Stevens. It was produced and distributed by Metro Pictures and is based on the 1902 novel of the same name by E. Phillips Oppenheim.

Metro Pictures
Metro Pictures Corporation was a motion picture production company founded in early 1915 in Jacksonville, Florida, United States. It was a forerunner of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The company produced its films in New York, Los Angeles, and sometimes at leased facilities in Fort Lee, New Jersey. It was purchased in 1919.
Danny (footballer)
Daniel Miguel Alves Gomes (born 7 August 1983), commonly known as Danny, is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder. Also a winger, he was known for his dribbling and key passes.

He spent most of his career in Russia in service of Dynamo Moscow and Zenit, after arriving at the age of 21 from Sporting CP. He won seven items of silverware with Zenit, including three Russian Premier League titles.

Danny represented Portugal at the 2010 World Cup and the 2004 Olympics.

Russian Cup (football)
The Russian Cup (Russian: Кубок России) is a football competition held annually by the Football Union of Russia for professional  and some amateur (only after a special permission and licensing by Russian Football Union) football clubs.

The winner of the competition ordinarily got a spot in the UEFA Europa League first qualifying round. However, all Russian clubs, as well as the national team, have been barred from European competition due to Russia's invasion of Ukraine.
United States Post Office (Painted Post, New York)
US Post Office-Painted Post is a historic post office building located at Painted Post in Steuben County, New York.  It was designed in 1937 and built in 1937-1938 and is one of a number of post offices in New York State designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department, Louis A. Simon. It is a one-story, three bay structure clad in red brick in the Colonial Revival style.  The interior features a 1939 mural by Amy Jones titled "Recording the Victory" and depicting a Revolutionary War scene.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Steuben County, New York
Steuben County (/ˈstjuːbən/ STEW-bən or /stjuːˈbɛn/ stew-BEN) is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, its population was 93,584. Its county seat is Bath. Its name is in honor of Baron von Steuben, a Prussian general who fought on the American side in the American Revolutionary War, though it is not pronounced the same (German: [fɔn ˈʃtɔʏbn̩]). The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.

Steuben County comprises the Corning, NY micropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Elmira-Corning, NY combined statistical area.
Collesano
Collesano (Ancient Greek: Κολασσαέων, romanized: Kolassaéon; Greek: Κολεσάνο, romanized: Kolesáno Sicilian: Culisanu) is a small town in the Metropolitan City of Palermo, Sicily. It  is situated roughly 70 kilometres (43 miles) from the provincial capital of Palermo.
It lies in the Madonie Park between the hills and the Tyrrhenian Sea and is also on the Targa Florio racing circuit since its beginning (1906). The town owns the official Targa Florio Museum.

Sicilian language
Sicilian (sicilianu, pronounced [sɪʃɪˈljaːnʊ, sɪdʒɪˈljaːnʊ]; Italian: siciliano) is a Romance language that is spoken on the island of Sicily and its satellite islands.
It belongs to the broader Extreme Southern Italian language group (Italian: italiano meridionale estremo).

Ethnologue (see below for more detail) describes Sicilian as being "distinct enough from Standard Italian to be considered a separate language", and it is recognized as a minority language by UNESCO. It has been referred to as a language by the Sicilian Region. It has the oldest literary tradition of the Italo-Romance languages. A version of the UNESCO Courier is also available in Sicilian.
Norsuriati Sharbini
Norsuriati binti Haji Sharbini (born August 1973) is a Bruneian civil servant and former judge-advocate who became the first female to be promoted to the rank of colonel in the Royal Brunei Armed Forces (RBAF). She has also been a constant advocate of putting women into positions of professional leadership throughout her career. Her experience include mediation, policy making, teaching and research, disarmament, demobilisation, and reintegration of fighters, capacity building, program monitoring and evaluation, networking, and interfacing.

Demobilization
Demobilization or demobilisation (see spelling differences) is the process of standing down a nation's armed forces from combat-ready status. This may be as a result of victory in war, or because a crisis has been peacefully resolved and military force is no longer necessary. Demobilization is the opposite of mobilization, calling up forces for active military service. Forceful demobilization of a defeated enemy is called demilitarization.
Be Quiet and Drive (Far Away)
"Be Quiet and Drive (Far Away)" is a song by American alternative metal band Deftones. The song was released as the second single from the band's second studio album, Around the Fur (1997), on July 6, 1998. It was their first single to chart on the US charts, peaking at number 29 on Billboard's Mainstream Rock chart, and number 50 in the UK Singles Chart.

A music video was filmed to accompany the single's release, directed by Frank W. Ockenfels III.

Frank W. Ockenfels III
Frank W. Ockenfels III (referred to professionally as Frank Ockenfels 3) is an American photographer, artist, and director who is best known for his portraits of prominent celebrities like David Bowie, Angelina Jolie, David Lynch, Alicia Keys, and Kurt Cobain. He directed music videos for artists such as Alice in Chains, Better Than Ezra, Everclear and Local H, and shot over 200 album covers for artists such as Bruce Springsteen, Sting, Willie Nelson, Wilco, Busta Rhymes, Queen Latifah, Garbage, No Doubt, Soundgarden, and Tom Waits. Ockenfels has also done promotional photography for films and television shows such as Breaking Bad, House of Cards, Harry Potter, Pirates of the Caribbean, and Interview with the Vampire, among many others.
Pasquale Malipiero
Pasquale Malipiero, called the dux pacificus (1392 in Venice – May 5, 1462 in Venice) was a Venetian statesman who served as the 66th Doge of Venice from October 30, 1457 until his death. He succeeded Francesco Foscari, and was specifically elected by enemies of the Foscari family. In 1458, he signed into law a number of measures limiting the power of the Council of Ten.

Malipiero was interred in the Basilica di San Giovanni e Paolo, a traditional burial place of the doges. He was succeeded as Doge by Cristoforo Moro.

Pasquale was married to Giovanna Dandolo.

Council of Ten
The Council of Ten (Italian: Consiglio dei Dieci; Venetian: Consejo de i Diexe), or simply the Ten, was from 1310 to 1797 one of the major governing bodies of the Republic of Venice. Elections took place annually and the Council of Ten had the power to impose punishments upon patricians. The Council of Ten had a broad jurisdictional mandate over matters of state security. The Council of Ten and the Full College constituted the inner circle of oligarchical patricians who effectively ruled the Republic of Venice.
HD 154857
HD 154857 is a star with two exoplanetary companions in the southern constellation of Ara. It is too dim to be visible with the naked eye having an apparent visual magnitude of 7.25. The star is located at a distance of 206 light years from the Sun based on parallax measurements, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +28 km/s.

This is a G-type star with a stellar classification of G5IV-V. The absolute magnitude of this star is two magnitudes above the main sequence, which suggests that the star is evolving toward the subgiant stage. It is a metal-poor thin disk star approximately six billion years old and is chromopherically quiet although not in a Maunder Minimum state. The star is larger, more massive, and more luminous than the Sun. It is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 1.4 km/s.

Metallicity
In astronomy, metallicity is the abundance of elements present in an object that are heavier than hydrogen and helium. Most of the normal currently detectable (i.e. non-dark) matter in the universe is either hydrogen or helium, and astronomers use the word metals as convenient shorthand for all elements except hydrogen and helium. This word-use is distinct from the conventional chemical or physical definition of a metal as an electrically conducting element. Stars and nebulae with relatively high abundances of heavier elements are called metal-rich when discussing metallicity, even though many of those elements are called nonmetals in chemistry.