hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Durmish Khan Shamlu
Durmish (Dormish) Khan Shamlu (Persian: دورمیش‌خان شاملو; died 1525) was a Qizilbash officer of Turkoman Shamlu ethnicity, who occupied high offices under Shah Ismail I (r. 1501–1524), the founder of the Safavid dynasty, and his son Shah Tahmasp I (r. 1524–1576).

Qizilbash
Qizilbash or Kizilbash were a diverse array of mainly Turkoman Shia militant groups that flourished in Azerbaijan, Anatolia, Kurdistan, the Armenian highlands, and the Caucasus from the late 15th century onwards, and contributed to the foundation of the Safavid dynasty in early modern Iran.

By the 18th-century, anyone involved with the Safavid state—militarily, diplomatically, or administratively—came to be broadly referred to as "Qizilbash". It was eventually applied to some inhabitants of Iran. In the early 19th-century, Shia Muslims from Iran could be referred as "Qizilbash", thus highlighting the influence of the distinctive traits of the Safavids, despite the Iranian shah (king) Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (r. 1797–1834) simultaneously creating a Qajar dynastic identity grounded in the pre-Islamic past.
1950 Tasmanian state election
The 1950 Tasmanian state election was held on 6 May 1950 in the Australian state of Tasmania to elect 30 members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. The election used the Hare-Clark proportional representation system — six members were elected from each of five electorates.

Following the 1948 election, Premier Robert Cosgrove and the Labor Party remained in government with the support of independent MHA Bill Wedd. At the 1950 election, Cosgrove was seeking another term in office against the opposition Liberal Party, which had replaced Neil Campbell with Rex Townley as leader in February 1950.

At the election, Labor retained 15 seats in the House of Assembly, and the Liberals regained one seat previously held by an independent, whilst Rex Townley, formerly an Independent Liberal, retained his seat as a Liberal.

Robert Cosgrove
Sir Robert Cosgrove KCMG (28 December 1884 – 25 August 1969) was an Australian politician who was the 30th and longest-serving Premier of Tasmania. He held office for over 18 years, serving from 1939 to 1947 and from 1948 to 1958. His involvement in state politics spanned five decades, and he dominated the Tasmanian branch of the Australian Labor Party for a generation.
Spurwink River
The Spurwink River is a 4.6-mile-long (7.4 km) primarily tidal river in Cumberland County, Maine. It rises in the town of Cape Elizabeth and flows west, then southwest, through salt marshes to its mouth at the Atlantic Ocean. It is bridged by Maine State Route 77 at the river's approximate halfway point. From a point shortly above the bridge to the river's mouth, it forms the boundary between Cape Elizabeth to the east and the town of Scarborough to the west. The river's mouth is at the Scarborough village of Higgins Beach.

Maine State Route 77
State Route 77 (abbreviated SR 77) is part of Maine's system of numbered state highways, located in eastern Cumberland County. It runs for 12.3 miles (19.8 km) from SR 207 in Scarborough to the intersection of Park Avenue and State Street in Portland (a terminus it shares with SR 22 and SR 25).
Immersive commerce
Immersive commerce is an extension of e-commerce that focuses on improving customer experience by using augmented reality, virtual reality and immersive technology to create virtual smart stores from existing brick and mortar locations.

Rather than an iteration of traditional e-commerce, immersive commerce is a form of online shopping that blends physical elements of traditional stores (i.e. rows, shelves, racks, counters, etc.) with digital elements of traditional e-commerce web sites (i.e. mobile commerce, electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, digital marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange, inventory management systems, automated data collection systems and CRM). Immersive commerce platforms give consumers the ability to browse and shop aisles of a virtual store using any online device.

Immersion (virtual reality)
In virtual reality (VR), immersion is the perception of being physically present in a non-physical world. The perception is created by surrounding the user of the VR system in images, sound or other stimuli that provide an engrossing total environment.
2018 Ohio State Auditor election
The 2018 Ohio State Auditor election was held on November 6, 2018, to elect the Ohio State Auditor, concurrently with an election to the U.S. Senate, governor, U.S. House of Representatives, and other state and local elections. Incumbent Republican auditor Dave Yost was term-limited and could not seek re-election to a third consecutive term. Primary elections were held on May 8, 2018, though both the Republican and Democratic nominees ran uncontested. A debate was held on October 19, 2018.

Republican state representative and former state senator Keith Faber defeated former Democratic U.S. representative Zack Space in the general election. Both major party candidates were accused of serious legal issues and mismanagement of state funds during the campaign, with Faber being attacked due to the federal investigation of Cliff Rosenberger and the ECOT scandal, and Space due to late tax payments and a law license suspension.

Electronic Classroom of Tomorrow
The Electronic Classroom of Tomorrow (ECOT) was a community/charter school based in Columbus, Ohio, United States. It was sponsored by the Lucas County Educational Service Center of Lake Erie West (ESCLEW) in Toledo, by chapter 3314 of the Ohio Revised Code.

Students performed their work either on computers they already owned or on those supplied to them by the school. Work was performed online via secure intranet connections.

ECOT had the lowest on-time graduation rate of all high schools in the country, despite its large graduating class size. In 2016, it shut down amid a legal battle over alleged misreporting of the number of students, which was used to determine state funding.
Tortug' Air
Tortug'Air S.A. was a domestic airline in Haiti, and served as Haiti's national flag carrier. The airline was founded in March 2003, and was based in Port-au-Prince. According to the airline, more than 200 people were employed with the company. Tortug' Air went out of business sometime between mid-March to August, 2015.

Tortug’Air was part of Haiti's transportation infrastructure. Despite the country's small size, the road network is in poor condition. Thus, air transportation takes on an oversized importance for Haiti. Tortug’ Air served that need with its domestic schedule. For example, its 40 minute flight from Port-au-Prince to Jacmel could have been driven instead; but it would take approximately four hours by road.

Jacmel
Jacmel (French pronunciation: [ʒakmɛl] ⓘ; Haitian Creole: Jakmèl) is a commune in southern Haiti previously founded by the Spanish in 1504 before the relocation of dominicans to the eastern side of the island after the Devastation of Osorio and repopulated by the French in 1698. It is the capital of the department of Sud-Est, 24 miles (39 km) southwest of Port-au-Prince across the Tiburon Peninsula, and had a population of 221,965 at the 2024 Census. The town's name is derived from its indigenous Taíno name of Yaquimel. In 1925, Jacmel was dubbed as the "City of Light," becoming the first in the Caribbean to have electricity.

The city is known for its well-preserved Gingerbread houses built in the early 19th century. The town has been tentatively accepted as a World Heritage Site. It sustained damage in the 2010 Haiti earthquake.

Jacmel is home to the country's leading film school, the Ciné Institute.
Mark of Cornwall
Mark of Cornwall (Latin: Marcus, Cornish: Margh, Welsh: March or Marchell, Breton: Marc'h) was a sixth-century King of Cornwall, possibly identical with King Conomor. As Mark or Marc (Marc'h), he is best known for his appearance in Arthurian legend as the uncle of Tristan and the husband of Iseult, who engages with Tristan in a secret liaison, giving Mark the epithet "Cuckold King".

Cornouaille
Cornouaille (French pronunciation: [kɔʁnwaj] ⓘ; Breton: Kernev, Kerne) is a historical region on the west coast of Brittany in West France. The name is cognate with Cornwall in neighbouring Great Britain. This can be explained by the settlement of Cornouaille by migrant princes from Cornwall who created an independent principality founded by Rivelen Mor Marthou, and the founding of the Bishopric of Cornouaille by ancient saints from Cornwall. Celtic Britons and the settlers in Brittany spoke a common language, which later evolved into Breton, Welsh and Cornish.
Schaefer Islands
The Schaefer Islands are a small group of islands lying close to the north-western end of the Canisteo Peninsula and 4 km (2.5 mi) south-west of the Lindsey Islands. They were mapped from aerial photos taken by the USN's Operation Highjump in December 1946. They were named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for William A. Schaefer, a geologist on the Ellsworth Land Survey, 1968–69.

Operation Highjump
Operation HIGHJUMP, officially titled The United States Navy Antarctic Developments Program, 1946–1947, (also called Task Force 68), was a United States Navy (USN) operation to establish the Antarctic research base Little America IV. The operation was organized by Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd, Jr., USN, Officer in Charge, Task Force 68, and led by Rear Admiral Ethan Erik Larson, USN, Commanding Officer, Task Force 68. Operation HIGHJUMP commenced 26 August 1946 and ended in late February 1947. Task Force 68 included 4,700 men, 13 ships, and 33 aircraft.
Northwestern Ontario
Northwestern Ontario is a secondary region of Northern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario which lies north and west of Lake Superior and west of Hudson Bay and James Bay. It includes most of subarctic Ontario. Its western boundary is the Canadian province of Manitoba, which disputed Ontario's claim to the western part of the region. Ontario's right to Northwestern Ontario was determined by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in 1884 and confirmed by the Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act, 1889, of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. In 1912, the Parliament of Canada by the Ontario Boundaries Extension Act gave jurisdiction over the District of Patricia to Ontario, thereby extending the northern boundary of the province to Hudson Bay.

Subarctic
The subarctic zone is a region in the Northern Hemisphere immediately south of the true Arctic, north of hemiboreal regions and covering much of Alaska, Canada, Iceland, the north of Fennoscandia, Northwestern Russia, Siberia, and the Cairngorms. Generally, subarctic regions fall between 50°N and 70°N latitude, depending on local climates. Precipitation is usually low, and vegetation is characteristic of the taiga.

Daylight at these latitudes is quite extreme between summer and winter due to its high latitude. Near the summer solstice for instance, subarctic regions can experience an all-night period of either civil, nautical, or astronomical twilight (or in the northern reaches full daylight), since the sun never dips more than 18 degrees below the horizon. Noctilucent clouds are best observed within this range of latitude.
Syro-Malabar Eparchy of Melbourne
The St. Thomas the Apostle Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Melbourne is a Syro-Malabar Catholic Church ecclesiastical territory or eparchy of the Catholic Church in Australia. The eparchy was erected by Pope Francis on 11 January 2014. This is the second eparchy of the Syro-Malabar Church outside India, after the Eparchy of Chicago, and it has jurisdiction over Syro-Malabar Catholics in the entirety of Australia.

It is not part of any ecclesiastical province, but immediately subject to the Major Archbishop of Ernakulam-Angamaly and depends on the Roman Congregation for the Oriental Churches. In 2021 its territory was extended to include New Zealand and Oceania. Its cathedral is the Cathedral of St. Alphonsa in the episcopal see of Melbourne, Victoria consecrated on November 23, 2024 by the Major Archbishop Mar Raphael Thattil and 20 other bishops.

Exemption (Catholic canon law)
In the Catholic Church, an exemption is the full or partial release of an ecclesiastical person, corporation, or institution from the authority of the ecclesiastical superior next higher in rank. For example, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Strasbourg, and the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem are exempt, being directly subject to the Holy See.

See exempt dioceses for a list of exempt entities.
Wheelchair fencing at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Men's sabre B
The men's sabre B wheelchair fencing competition at the 2008 Summer Paralympics was held on 17 September at the Olympic Green Convention Center.

The competition began with a preliminary stage where fencers were divided into three pools and played a round robin tournament.
In this stage, the winner of a bout was the first person to score five hits or the person with the highest score at the end of four minutes.
Next was a knock-out stage, where fencers competed in three three-minute bouts with a one-minute break between each.
The winner was the first to reach fifteen hits, or the one with the highest score at the end of the last bout.
In the event of a tie, another one-minute bout was held, with the winner being the first to score a hit.

The event was won by Laurent Francois, representing  France.

China National Convention Center
The China National Convention Center, previously known as the Olympic Green Convention Center (simplified Chinese: 国家会议中心; traditional Chinese: 國家會議中心; pinyin: Guójiā Huìyì Zhōngxīn) is a convention center located in the Olympic Green in Beijing.
Frank J. Webb
Francis Johnson Webb (March 21, 1828 – 1894) was an American novelist, poet, and essayist from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His novel, The Garies and Their Friends (1857), was the second novel by an African American to be published, and the first to portray the daily lives of free blacks in the North.

Passing (racial identity)
Passing, in the context of race, occurs when one conceals their socially applied racial identity or ethnicity in order to be perceived as another race for acceptance and/or other benefits. Historically, the term has been used primarily in the United States to describe a person of mixed race who has assimilated into the white majority to escape the legal and social consequences of racial segregation and discrimination. In the Antebellum South, passing as White was sometimes a temporary disguise used as a means of escaping slavery, which had become a racial caste.
Paul Herzberg
Paul Herzberg (born 1953) is a South African actor and writer, known for The Honourable Woman (2014), Black Earth Rising (2019), My Week with Marilyn (2011), Room 36 (2005), Blood and Cry Freedom (1987).

The Doctor's Dilemma (play)
The Doctor's Dilemma is a play by George Bernard Shaw first staged in 1906. It was published in 1909. It is a problem play about the moral dilemmas created by limited medical resources, and the conflicts between the demands of private medicine as a business and a vocation.

In the play, a medical doctor has developed a new cure for tuberculosis. Due to his limited staff and resources, he can only treat ten patients at a time. He reluctantly decides to treat an additional patient, but he has to choose between treating an altruistic medical colleague, or an extremely gifted artist with amoral beliefs. The doctor's decision is complicated because he is in love with the artist's wife, and he is tempted to let the patient die in order to court his widow.
All Day Long (album)
All Day Long is a jazz album by the Prestige All Stars, later credited to trumpeter Donald Byrd and guitarist Kenny Burrell, released in 1957 on the Prestige label. All tracks were composed by the members of the band.

Side A of the LP only included the blues "All Day Long" described by Dan Morgenstern as "A simple but effective structure" that "controls the performance and keeps it solidly together: each soloist enters with a break, plays 12 bars, and then breaks again before extemporizing at great length". 
Ira Gitler in the original liner notes points out that the theme "A.T." is dedicated by Frank Foster to Art Taylor (hence the initials); "Say Listen" "derives its name from the attention calling phrase that (Byrd) often verbally employed".

Ira Gitler
Ira Gitler (December 18, 1928 – February 23, 2019) was an American jazz historian and journalist. The co-author of The Biographical Encyclopedia of Jazz with Leonard Feather—the most recent edition appeared in 1999—he wrote hundreds of liner notes for jazz recordings beginning in the early 1950s and wrote several books about jazz and ice hockey, two of his passions.
Sofu Mehmed Pasha (governor)
Sofu Mehmed Pasha or Mehmed Pasha the Ascetic (died 1626) was an Ottoman administrator. Born and raised in Razgrad (today in Bulgaria), Mehmed Pasha served as the Ottoman governor of Egypt Eyalet (1611 – February 1615), Rumelia Eyalet (1617), Sivas Eyalet (1617–19), and Budin Eyalet (1624–26).

Apart from his governorships, Mehmed Pasha was appointed as a vizier in 1611 and served as the kaymakam to the Grand Vizier (sadâret kaymakamı) from sometime in the 1610s until late 1617, when he was appointed as third vizier. He was reappointed as sadâret kaymakamı in 1619, serving until his appointment as governor of Budin in 1624. He died in 1626.

Vizier
A Vizier (/ˈvɪziər/; Arabic: وزير, romanized: wazīr; Persian: وزیر, romanized: vazīr) is a high-ranking political advisor or minister in the countries of "greater Persia". The Abbasid caliphs gave the title wazir to a minister formerly called katib (secretary), who was at first merely a helper but afterwards became the representative and successor of the dapir (official scribe or secretary) of the Sassanian kings.

In modern usage, the term has been used for government ministers in much of the Middle East and beyond. Several alternative spellings are used in English, such as vizir, wazir, and vezir.

A collection of Vizier may introduce a Grand Vizier, within their civilization.
Polistil
Polistil S.p.A. (initially called Politoys) is an Italian toy brand and former manufacturing company headquartered in Milan, with production center in Chiari, near Brescia. Polistil specialized in die-cast and plastic scale model vehicles of all sizes.

There is a new site about the world of toys and his History of Polistil Factory: "Quelli della Polistil" on www.quellidellapolistil.it

The company also made toy and model tanks, dolls, robots and TV tie-ins. After a 33-year span, and a collaboration with Tonka, Polistil went out of business in 1993, but now is a brand under the May Cheong Group (owner of the brand Maisto), along with the name of former competitor Bburago. Traditionally, the principal Italian competitors to Polistil were Mercury, Mebetoys, and the shorter run Ediltoys.

Tonka
Tonka is an American brand and former manufacturer of toy trucks. The company was founded in 1946 and operated as an independent manufacturer of popular steel toy construction type trucks and machinery, until its sale to Hasbro in 1991.
Barry Nalebuff
Barry J. Nalebuff (born July 11, 1958) is an American businessman, business theorist, and writer. He is a Milton Steinbach Professor of Management at Yale School of Management and author who specializes in business strategy and game theory. His published books include Thinking Strategically and The Art of Strategy. Nalebuff's class on negotiation has over 67,000 active learners through Coursera and has the second-highest net promoter score on the platform.  He has a semi-regular column in Forbes with Ian Ayres called "Why Not?"

Nalebuff also has multiple entrepreneurial ventures. He was a co-founder of Honest Tea and Kombrewcha. He serves on the board of Q Drinks (started by his former student Jordan Silbert), Calicraft Beer, and AGP Glass.

David R. Henderson
David Richard Henderson (born November 21, 1950) is a Canadian-born American economist and author who moved to the United States in 1972 and became a U.S. citizen in 1986, serving on President Ronald Reagan's Council of Economic Advisers from 1982 to 1984.  A research fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution  since 1990, he took a teaching position with the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California in 1984, and is now an emeritus professor of economics.
Piara Singh Gill
Piara Singh Gill (28 October 1911 – 23 March 2002) was an Indian nuclear physicist and a pioneer in cosmic ray nuclear physics. He was the first director of Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIO) of India. He was research fellow of University of Chicago (1940). He was research Professorship fellow of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) (1947), Officer-on-Special Duty (OSD) with the Atomic Energy Commission in New Delhi. Professor and head of the Department of Physics at Aligarh University (1949), Director of Central Scientific Instruments Organization (CSIO) (1959) and Professor Emeritus at Punjab Agricultural University (1971).

Indian National Science Academy
The Indian National Science Academy (INSA) is a national academy in New Delhi for Indian scientists in all branches of science and technology.

In 2015 INSA has constituted a junior wing for young scientists in the country named Indian National Young Academy of Sciences (INYAS) in line with other national young academies. INYAS is the academy for young scientists in India as a national young academy and is affiliated with Global Young Academy. INYAS is also a signatory of the declaration on the Core Values of Young Academies, adopted at World Science Forum, Budapest on 20 November 2019. Prof.Shekhar C. Mande is the serving president (2026-present).
Hamed Momeni
Hamed Momeni (Persian: حامد مومنی, born 1985 in Tehran) is an Iranian football administrator.

He also acts as the deputy secretary general of Iran Football Federation, meanwhile works as a FIFA and the AFC match commissioner. Momeni was the only Iranian who has appointed as a match director in the Paris 2024 Olympic games.

Momeni is also an author for the FourFourTwo magazine.

FourFourTwo
FourFourTwo is an association football magazine published by British company Future. Issued monthly, it published its 300th edition in May 2019. It takes its name from the football formation of the same name, 4–4–2. Future acquired the magazine from Haymarket Media Group in 2018. Haymarket previously acquired Future's earlier football magazine Total Football in 2001 in exchange of subscriber list and the rights to the masthead of its defunct internet magazine The Net, Haymarket later absorbed Total Football into FourFourTwo.

In 2008 FourFourTwo entered into a three-year shirt sponsorship deal with Swindon Town.
Minde, Bergen
Minde is a neighbourhood in the southwestern part of Årstad borough in the city of Bergen in Vestland county, Norway. It is located south of the neighborhoods of Solheim and Kronstad, west of Landås, and north of Fjøsanger and Storetveit (in Fana borough). Parts of Minde were in Fana Municipality before the merger of 1972. It is home to the headquarters of the shipping company Odfjell. The area is served by one elementary school, Minde skole. An upper secondary school, Kristianborg videregående skole, was formerly located here, operated jointly by three free churches. As it failed to attain a body of students large enough for the operation of the school to be economically viable, it closed after the end of the school year of 2007/2008. Fridalen Church is located in the neighborhood too.

Fana, Bergen
Fana is a borough of the city of Bergen in Vestland county, Norway.  The borough makes up the southeastern part of the municipality of Bergen.  The borough was once part of the historic Fana Municipality which was incorporated into Bergen in 1972.  he old municipality was much larger than the present-day borough of Fana. It also included all of the present-day boroughs of Ytrebygda and Fyllingsdalen as well as the southern part of the present-day boroughs of Årstad.  As of 1 January 2012, Fana had a population of 39,216.