hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Al-badil
Al-badil (البديل) means The Alternative in Arabic, and is used in various contexts:

The Al-Badeel Coalition, which seeks to provide Arab society with an alternative to the traditional code of honour.

Al-Badeel (Palestine), a joint list of leftist parties at the Palestinian legislative election, 2006

BADIL,  Resource Center for Palestinian Residency and Refugee Rights

BADIL
BADIL Resource Center for Palestinian Residency and Refugee Rights is an independent, human rights non-profit organization committed to protect and promote the rights of Palestinian refugees and internally displaced persons. BADIL was established in January 1998.

BADIL has special consultative status with UN ECOSOC and is also part of a large number of Palestinian organisation networks.

BADIL's efforts were inspired by the work Professors Susan Akram, Guy Goodwin-Gill and John Quigley, as well as the work of Salman Abu-Sitta. It "pursued a solid campaign for publicizing refugee rights in various international fora" and was considered prominent among NGOs and research center working in this area in the post-Oslo period.

BADIL publishes al-Majdal, an English language quarterly magazine about Palestinian refugee issues.
Siege of Bihać (1697)
Siege of Bihać (1697) was a Habsburg siege of the Ottoman fortress town of Bihać in Bosnian Krajina (aka Turkish Croatia). The siege was planned as a diversionary attack from main Habsburg offensive on Danube river, and was called off after several failed storming attempts.

Turkish Croatia
Turkish Croatia (German: Türkisch Croatien/Kroatien, Croatian: Turska Hrvatska) was a geopolitical term which appeared periodically during the Ottoman–Habsburg wars between the late 16th to late 18th century. Invented by Austrian military cartographers, it referred to a border area of Ottoman Bosnia and Herzegovina located across the Ottoman-Austrian border from the Croatian Military Frontier. It went out of use with the Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Bob Carpenter (sportscaster)
Bob Carpenter (born 1953) is an American former sportscaster who was the play-by-play announcer for Major League Baseball's Washington Nationals on MASN. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri, and graduated from McBride High School. Carpenter attended the University of Missouri-St. Louis, and later graduated with honors from the University of Missouri-Kansas City with a bachelor's degree in Radio-TV-Film.

University of Missouri–Kansas City
The University of Missouri–Kansas City (UMKC or Kansas City) is a public research university in Kansas City, Missouri, United States. UMKC is part of the University of Missouri System and includes a medical school and a law school. For the 2023-2024 academic year, the university's enrollment was over 15,300 students. It is the largest university in the Kansas City metropolitan area and ranks among the top three by enrollment among all postsecondary institutions in the metro, including community colleges. It offers more than 125 degree programs over 12 academic units. UMKC now holds a Carnegie “R1: Very High Research Activity” designation, making it the only R1 university in Kansas City. UMKC is also home to the School of Dentistry, Missouri’s only public dental school.
Cambusnethan
Cambusnethan is a historic parish in North Lanarkshire in Scotland. The largest settlement in the parish is Wishaw, and Cambusnethan now appears on maps as a village almost contiguous with Wishaw. The village is approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 km) long, straddling both sides of the A722 road on a hill overlooking Wishaw.

North Lanarkshire
North Lanarkshire (Scots: North Lanrikshire; Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Lannraig a Tuath) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It borders the north-east of the Glasgow City council area and contains many of Glasgow's suburbs, commuter towns, and villages. It also borders East Dunbartonshire, Falkirk, Stirling, South Lanarkshire, and West Lothian. The council area covers parts of the historic counties of Dunbartonshire, Lanarkshire, and Stirlingshire. The council is based in Motherwell.

The area was formed in 1996, covering the districts of Cumbernauld and Kilsyth, Motherwell, and Monklands, plus the Chryston and Auchinloch areas from Strathkelvin district, all of which had been in the Strathclyde region between 1975 and 1996. As a new single-tier authority, North Lanarkshire became responsible for all functions previously performed by both the regional council and the district councils, which were abolished.
Balloon Farm (Frankfort, New York)
The Balloon Farm, originally called the Gates Manshion, is a historic home located at Frankfort in Herkimer County, New York. It includes the Gates-Myers Residence, built in 1878.  It is an imposing, nearly square, three-story eclectic Late Victorian dwelling built of dimension lumber above a cut-stone foundation.

The house was built in Fred Gates, the owner of a match company. He sold it in 1889 to Carl Edgar Myers (1842–1925), an aeronautical engineer. Myers converted the house and the nearby lands into an aeronautical institution known as "Balloon Farm." His wife Mary, known as "Carlotta, the Lady Aeronaut", made many ascents in balloons in aid of his experiments. She is noted by a historical marker near the property.

The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

Match
A match is a tool for starting a fire. Typically, matches are made of small wooden sticks or stiff paper. One end is coated with a material that can be ignited by friction generated by striking the match against a suitable surface. Wooden matches are packaged in matchboxes, and paper matches are partially cut into rows and stapled into matchbooks. The coated end of a match, known as the match "head", consists of a bead of active ingredients and binder, often colored for easier inspection. There are two main types of matches: safety matches, which can be struck only against a specially prepared surface, and strike-anywhere matches, for which any suitably frictional surface can be used.
Hootie
"Hootie" is a nickname for the following people:

Hootie Ingram (1933–2024), American football player, coach, and athletics administrator

Jay McShann (1916–2006), American jazz pianist and bandleader

William "Hootie" Johnson (1931–2017), American businessman and golf administrator

Jay McShann
James Columbus "Jay" McShann (January 12, 1916 – December 7, 2006) was an American jazz pianist, vocalist, composer, and bandleader. He led bands in Kansas City, Missouri, that included Charlie Parker, Bernard Anderson, Walter Brown, and Ben Webster.
Brokaw
Brokaw is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ann Clare Brokaw (1924–1944), the only child of Clare Boothe Luce and George Tuttle Brokaw

Charles Brokaw, author of the Thomas Lourds book series

Chris Brokaw (born 1964), American musician, mostly known for his work with the bands Come and Codeine

Gary Brokaw (born 1954), retired American basketball player and a basketball coach

George Tuttle Brokaw (1879–1935), American lawyer and sportsman

Irving Brokaw (1871–1939), American figure skater, artist, lawyer, and financier

Isaac Brokaw (1746–1826), New Jersey clockmaker

Isaac Vail Brokaw (1835–1913), New York City clothing merchant

Mark Brokaw (died 2025), American stage director

Norman Brokaw (1927–2016), American talent agent

Paul Brokaw, expert on integrated circuit design

Tom Brokaw (born 1940), American television journalist and author notable for hosting NBC Nightly News

Paul Brokaw
Paul Brokaw (January 18th 1935 - September 18th 2025) was an expert on integrated circuit design who spent most of his career at Analog Devices, where he held the position of Analog Fellow. He was the inventor of many analog IC circuits, including the Brokaw bandgap reference and holder of over 100 patents.  He was also an IEEE Fellow.
Stracciatella di bufala
Stracciatella di bufala (Italian: [strattʃaˈtɛlla di ˈbuːfala]) is a cheese produced from Italian buffalo milk in the province of Foggia, located in the Apulia region of Italy, using a stretching (pasta filata) and a shredding technique.

Province of Foggia
The province of Foggia (Italian: provincia di Foggia, Italian: [proˈvintʃa di ˈfɔddʒa]; Neapolitan: Provìnge de Fogge) is a province in the Italian region Apulia.

This province is also known as Daunia, after the Daunians, an Iapygian pre-Roman tribe living in Tavoliere plain, and as Capitanata, derived from Catapanata, since the area was governed by a catepan as part of the Catepanate of Italy during the High Middle Ages. Its capital is the city of Foggia.
Chęciński
Chęciński, feminine: Chęcińska is a Polish surname literally meaning someone from Chęcin. Notable people with the surname include:

Arkadiusz Chęciński (born 1971), Polish politician

Christine Checinska, British Jamaican womenswear designer, curator and art historian

Czesław Chęciński (1851–1916), Polish physician and pathologist, known for research in malaria

Paweł Chęciński, Polish pianist

Sylwester Chęciński (1930–2021), Polish film and television director

Christine Checinska
Christine Shaw-Checinska is a British Jamaican womenswear designer, curator and art historian. She is the inaugural Senior Curator of African and African Diaspora Fashion and Textiles at the Victoria and Albert Museum. Her work considers the relationship between cloth, culture and race.
Matthew Barnett
Matthew Barnett is co-founder of the Dream Center and senior pastor of the Angelus Temple, the central house of worship of the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel in the Echo Park district of Los Angeles, California.

Foursquare Church
The Foursquare Church is an international Pentecostal Christian denomination founded in 1923 by evangelist Aimee Semple McPherson. It lies within the evangelical tradition. Its headquarters are in Los Angeles, California, United States.
Zhang Baosheng
Zhang Baosheng (simplified Chinese: 张宝胜; traditional Chinese: 張寶勝; 1960 – 3 August 2018) was a so-called Qigong grandmaster during the peak of Qigong's popularity, "Qigong fever," in China. Baosheng claimed supernatural abilities developed through it, including but not limited to: x-ray vision, pyrokinesis, spoon bending, healing and the ability to pass objects through other non-permeable objects using telekinesis. These claims were unfounded under investigation.

X-ray vision
In science fiction stories or superhero comics, X-ray vision is the supernatural ability to see through normally opaque physical objects at the discretion of the holder of this superpower. The most famous possessor of this ability is DC Comics' iconic superhero character, Superman
Materials Science Laboratory
The Materials Science Laboratory (MSL) of the European Space Agency is a payload on board the International Space Station for materials science experiments in low gravity.

It is installed in NASA's first Materials Science Research Rack which is placed in the Destiny laboratory on board the ISS. Its purpose is to process material samples in different ways: directional solidification of metals and alloys, crystal growth of semi-conducting materials, thermo-physical properties and diffusion experiments of alloys and glass-forming materials, and investigations on polymers and ceramics at the liquid-solid phase transition.

MSL was built for ESA by EADS Astrium in Friedrichshafen, Germany. It is operated and monitored by the Microgravity User Support Center (MUSC) of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Cologne, Germany.

Phase transition
In physics, chemistry and biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, and in rare cases, plasma. A phase of a thermodynamic system and the states of matter have uniform physical properties. During a phase transition of a given medium, certain properties of the medium change as a result of the change of external conditions, such as temperature or pressure. This can be a discontinuous change; for example, a liquid may become gas upon heating to its boiling point, resulting in an abrupt change in volume. The identification of the external conditions at which a transformation occurs defines the phase transition point.
Trachydoras microstomus
Trachydoras microstomus is a species of thorny catfish that is native to Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela.  It occurs in the Essequibo, Orinoco and Amazon basins.  This species grows to a length of 5.9 centimetres (2.3 in) SL.

Orinoco
The Orinoco (Spanish pronunciation: [oɾiˈnoko]) is one of the longest rivers in South America at 2,140 km (1,330 mi). Its drainage basin, sometimes known as the Orinoquia, covers approximately 1,000,000 km2 (390,000 sq mi), with 65% of it in Venezuela and 35% in Colombia. It is the fourth largest river in the world by discharge volume of water (39,000 m3/s (1,400,000 cu ft/s) at delta) due to the high precipitation throughout its catchment area (2,300 millimetres per are [0.084 in/sq ft]). The Orinoco River and its tributaries are the major transportation system for eastern and interior Venezuela and the Llanos of Colombia. The environment and wildlife in the Orinoco's basin are extremely diverse.
Schindellegi-Feusisberg railway station
Schindellegi-Feusisberg is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Schwyz and municipality of Feusisberg. It takes its name from the nearby village of Schindellegi. The station is on the Pfäffikon SZ to Arth-Goldau line, and the Wädenswil to Einsiedeln railway line, which are both owned by the Südostbahn. It lies within both fare zone 181 of the Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV) and fare zone 680 of the Tarifverbund Schwyz (Schwyz tariff group).

Canton of Schwyz
The canton of Schwyz (German: Kanton Schwyz [ʃviːts] ⓘ; Romansh: Chantun Sviz; French: Canton de Schwytz; Italian: Canton Svitto) is a canton in central Switzerland between the Alps in the south, Lake Lucerne to the west and Lake Zürich in the north, centred on and named after the town of Schwyz.

It is one of the founding cantons of Switzerland; Switzerland's name is derived from the name of the canton, and the flag of Switzerland from its coat of arms. For the history of the name, see Schwyz. The Swiss Federal Charter is on display in Schwyz. Northeast of the town of Schwyz is Einsiedeln Abbey.
Khumar Barabankvi
Khumār Barabankvi (15 September 1919 – 19 February 1999) was the pen name of an Urdu poet and lyricist from Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India. His real name was Mohammed Haidar Khan.

The word comes from the Arabic root 'Khum' which means a jar of wine. His ghazals are sung by many famous singers such as Mehdi Hassan, Ghulam Ali, K. L. Saigal, Mohammed Rafi, Lata Mangeshkar, Jagjit Singh and many other singers.

K. L. Saigal
Kundan Lal Saigal, often abbreviated as K. L. Saigal (11 April 1904 – 18 January 1947), was an Indian singer and actor who worked in Hindi cinema, which was centred in Calcutta (Kolkata) during his time, but is currently based in Bombay (Mumbai).
Saigal's unique voice, a blend of baritone and soft tenor, set the benchmark for many singers who followed him. Even today, it remains the gold standard, shining through despite the limitations of early and relatively primitive recording technology. Unlike other singers, he did not record songs for actors to lip-sync on screen. It was only in the final years of his career, from 1945 to 1947, that he recorded songs for studio release; these recordings were for his own performances as an on-screen actor. Thus, while most singers in Hindi cinema became playback singers, Saigal was not.
Mantitheos
Mantitheos (Gr. Μαντιθέος) was an Athenian military commander in Asia Minor during the Peloponnesian War and also served as an envoy to ancient Persia in 408 BC.

Xenophon says that Mantitheos had been captured in Caria and links his escape from Tissaphernes to that of the charismatic Athenian leader, Alkibiades in 411 BC. Mantitheos and Diodoros were left in charge in the Hellespont by Alkibiades after the capture of Byzantion. Xenophon is almost certainly referring to the same Mantitheos, when he appears serving alongside four other Athenians (Dorotheos, Philokydes, Theogenes and Euryptolemos) and two Argives (Kleostratos and Pyrrolokhos) as envoys to Persia in 408 BC, seeking Persian support in the war against Sparta. Their efforts were unsuccessful. It is possible that this Mantitheos is the member of the Athenian boule (council), who fled Athens during the mutilation of the hermae on the eve of the disastrous Sicilian expedition.

Nothing further is known about him.

Boule (ancient Greece)
In cities of ancient Greece, the boule (Ancient Greek: βουλή; pl.: boulai, βουλαί) was a council (βουλευταί, bouleutai) appointed to run daily affairs of the city. Originally a council of nobles advising a king, boulai evolved according to the constitution of the city: In oligarchies boule positions might have been hereditary, while in democracies members were typically chosen by lot and served for one year. Little is known about the workings of many boulai, except in the case of Athens, for which extensive material has survived.
Caeiro
Caeiro is a Portuguese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Celeste Caeiro (1933–2024), Portuguese pacifist worker

Francisco José Caeiro (1890–1976), Portuguese politician

João Caeiro (died 1548), Portuguese mercenary

José Caeiro (1925–1981), Spanish footballer

Teresa Caeiro (1969–2025), Portuguese lawyer and politician

Tiago Caeiro (born 1984), Portuguese footballer

Celeste Caeiro
Celeste Martins Caeiro (Portuguese pronunciation: [sɨˈlɛʃtɨ kɐˈɐjɾu]; 2 May 1933 – 15 November 2024), also known as Celeste dos Cravos ("Celeste of the carnations"), was a Portuguese communist and restaurant worker. Her actions led to the naming of the 1974 coup as the Carnation Revolution.
Duzd-sar-nizad nask
The Duzd-sar-nizad nask was one of the legal nasks (volumes) of the Sasanian Avesta, describing matters of Zoroastrian jurisprudence. No parts of it are known to have survived but later descriptions demonstrate it covered diverse topics such as rules during war, or animal rights.

Military justice
Military justice (or military law) is the body of laws and procedures governing members of the armed forces. Many nation-states have separate and distinct bodies of law that govern the conduct of members of their armed forces.  Some states use special judicial and other arrangements to enforce those laws, while others use civilian judicial systems.  Legal issues unique to military justice include the preservation of good order and discipline, the legality of orders, and appropriate conduct for members of the military. Some states enable their military justice systems to deal with civil offenses committed by their armed forces in some circumstances.

Military justice is distinct from martial law, which is the imposition of military authority on a civilian population as a substitute for civil authority, and is often declared in times of emergency, war, or civil unrest. Most countries restrict when and in what manner martial law may be declared and enforced.
More Perfect
More Perfect, sometimes stylized as Radiolab Presents: More Perfect, is a podcast about American history and politics provided by WNYC Studios. Its first three seasons were hosted by Jad Abumrad. In July 2022, WNYC announced it would return in 2023 for a fourth season, with a new host in Julia Longoria.

Jad Abumrad
Jad Nicholas Abumrad (Arabic: جاد نيكولاس أبومراد; born April 18, 1973) is an American radio host, composer, and producer.

He is the creator of the syndicated public radio program and podcast Radiolab, which he hosted alongside Robert Krulwich.

Abumrad is a Distinguished Professor of Communication of Science and Technology at Vanderbilt University.
The Startup Kids
The Startup Kids is a documentary about young technology entrepreneurs in the U.S. and Europe. The hour-long movie was created by two Icelandic women, Vala Halldorsdottir and Sesselja Vilhjalmsdottir, and was released in 2012. It contains interviews with startup founders who relay stories about the founding of their respective companies and their lives as entrepreneurs. The film also features interviews of notable startup founders and investors from the US and Europe about the startup environment, including the venture capitalist Tim Draper and MG Siegler, tech blogger at Techcrunch.

Notable interviewees featured in the documentary include:

Leah Culver

Zach Klein

Jessica Mah

Ben Way

Brian Wong

TechCrunch
TechCrunch is an American global online newspaper focusing on topics regarding high-tech and startup companies. It was founded in June 2005 by Archimedes Ventures, led by partners Michael Arrington and Keith Teare. In 2010, AOL acquired the company for approximately $25 million. Following the 2015 acquisition of AOL and Yahoo! by Verizon, the site was owned by Verizon Media from 2015 through 2021.

In 2021, Verizon sold its media assets, including AOL, Yahoo!, and TechCrunch, to the private equity firm Apollo Global Management. Apollo integrated them into a new entity called Yahoo! Inc. In addition to its news reporting, TechCrunch is also known for its annual Disrupt conference, a technology event hosted in several cities across the United States, Europe, and China.
Kladje pri Krmelju
Kladje pri Krmelju (pronounced [ˈklaːdjɛ pɾi kəɾˈmeːlju]) is a settlement in the hills northwest of Krmelj in the historical region of Lower Carniola in central Slovenia. It belongs to the Municipality of Sevnica. The municipality is included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

Municipality of Sevnica
The Municipality of Sevnica (Slovene: Občina Sevnica) is a municipality along the Sava and the Mirna Rivers in southeastern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Sevnica. Today it is part of the Lower Sava Statistical Region. It is the 12th-largest municipality by area in Slovenia.
2023 Jepak by-election
The 2023 Jepak by-election was a by-election that was held on 4 November 2023 for the Sarawak State Legislative Assembly seat of Jepak. It was called following the death of its incumbent, Talib Zulpilip from kidney complications on 15 September 2023.

The by-election was the latest in Sarawak after the 2017 Tanjong Datu by-election.

Talib Zulpilip
Talib bin Zulpilip (13 September 1951 – 15 September 2023) alternatively spelt as Talip Zulpilip, was a Malaysian politician. He served as a member of the Sarawak State Legislative Assembly for Jepak seat from 1996 until his death in 2023.
Gobernador Virasoro
Gobernador Virasoro (formally Gobernador Ingeniero Valentín Virasoro) is a city in the province of Corrientes in the Argentine Mesopotamia. It had about 30,000 inhabitants at the 2010 census [INDEC].

The city lies in the north-east of the province, 64 km north from the city of Santo Tomé and 90 km from Posadas, Misiones, on National Route 14. The Iberá Wetlands are located 80 km to the west.

Gobernador Virasoro as such was founded on 23 September 1926. The original settlement, called Villa Vuelta del Ombú since the time the Jesuits established a ranch there, was renamed in homage to Valentín Virasoro, a field engineer who measured terrains and studied the Iberá lagoon and wetlands working for the provincial government.

Corrientes Province
Corrientes (Spanish pronunciation: [koˈrjentes], lit. ‘currents’ or ‘streams’; Guarani: Taragui), officially the Province of Corrientes (Spanish: Provincia de Corrientes; Guarani: Taragui Tetãmini) is a province in northeast Argentina, in the Mesopotamia region. It is surrounded by (from the north, clockwise): Paraguay, Misiones, Brazil, Uruguay, and the provinces of Entre Rios, Santa Fe and Chaco. With an area of 88,199 km², it ranks sixteenth in territorial size among Argentina’s provinces.

From the historical perspective of the construction of the Argentine State, it is one of the oldest provinces in Argentine territory and one of the fourteen founding provinces of the Argentine Confederation.

In 2004, the Guaraní language was declared an “alternative official language,” reflecting the bilingual character that distinguishes the province.