hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oligospermia
Terms oligospermia, oligozoospermia, and low sperm count refer to semen with a low concentration of sperm and is a common finding in male infertility. Often, semen with a decreased sperm concentration may also show significant abnormalities in sperm morphology and motility (technically oligoasthenoteratozoospermia). There has been interest in replacing the descriptive terms used in semen analysis with more quantitative information.

Semen
Semen, also known as seminal fluid, is a bodily fluid that contains spermatozoa from the male gonads of animals. In humans and placental mammals, seminal fluid is ejaculated through the penis via the urethra. This fluid contains proteolytic and other enzymes as well as fructose, which together promote the survival of spermatozoa and provide a medium through which they can move (or "swim") from the vagina into the uterus and to the fallopian tubes, where they can fertilize the female ovum and form a zygote (diploid cell).

Semen is collected from animals for artificial insemination or cryoconservation of genetic material. Cryoconservation of animal genetic resources is a practice that calls for the collection of semen in efforts for conservation of a particular breed.
Ōtomo no Kuronushi
Ōtomo no Kuronushi (大友 黒主) was a Japanese poet, one of the Rokkasen, the "Six Poetic Geniuses" described in the Kokin Wakashū, a classical poetic anthology. His family was the Ōtomo clan, an ancient immigrant clan that was active during the Kofun period.

He is one of the six poets laureate. His poems suggest strong influence from his close ties with the lands of Ōmi and Shiga.  According to the "Mumyosho", collected articles on poetics authored by Kamo-no-Chomei, Kuronushi ascended to the status of a god and was enshrined as a "Myojin" god in the Shiga Province of Ōmi. In one account, he is the same person as Otomo-no-Suguri-Kuronushi who was mentioned in the ministerial bulletin of 866 (Jogan 8). Ōtomo-no-Suguri is a clan seated at Ōtomo Village in the Shiga Province of the Ōmi Domain.

Kokin Wakashū
The Kokin Wakashū (古今和歌集; "Collection of Japanese Poems of Ancient and Modern Times"), commonly abbreviated as Kokinshū (古今集), is an early anthology of the waka form of Japanese poetry, dating from the Heian period. An imperial anthology, it was conceived by Emperor Uda (r. 887–897) and published by order of his son Emperor Daigo (r. 897–930) in about 905. Its finished form dates to c. 920, though according to several historical accounts the last poem was added to the collection in 914.

The compilers of the anthology were four court poets, led by Ki no Tsurayuki and also including Ki no Tomonori (who died before its completion), Ōshikōchi no Mitsune, and Mibu no Tadamine.
Anarsia agricola
Anarsia agricola is a moth of the  family Gelechiidae. It was described by Walsingham in 1891. It is found in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Gambia, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

The larvae feed on Alchornea cordifolia and Combretum species.

Alchornea cordifolia
Alchornea cordifolia is a shrub or small tree distributed throughout tropical Africa, it can grow up to 8 metres tall. The plant is used in traditional African medicine. Common name is the Christmas bush.
Lukáš Mareček
Lukáš Mareček (Czech pronunciation: [ˈlukaːʃ ˈmarɛtʃɛk]; born 17 April 1990) is a Czech footballer who plays for Teplice. He is member of the Czech under-21 team. He represented the team at the 2011 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship.

FK Teplice
FK Teplice is a Czech professional football club based in the city of Teplice. The club competes in Czech First League, the top tier of Czech football.

The club was founded after World War II in 1945. The club advanced to the Czechoslovak First League in just three years after being founded and played mostly in the First and Second Czechoslovak divisions. After the Velvet Revolution and comeback of rich sponsor, Glaverbel (spun out of glassworks Sklo Union in 1991), the club played in the Second Division until returning to the top flight in the 1996–97 Czech First League. Teplice were runners up in the 1998–99 Czech First League and went on to play in the 1999–2000 UEFA Champions League, although they lost their first match against Borussia Dortmund. The club subsequently won the Czech Cup in 2003 and went on to beat Kaiserslautern and Feyenoord en route to the third round of the 2003–04 UEFA Cup before losing over two legs against Celtic.
Abductions of Eva Gretzmacher and Claudia Abbt
Armed men who were hired by the Islamic State – Sahel Province, abducted Eva Gretzmacher on 11 January and Claudia Abbt on 13 April 2025, from their homes in the city of Agadez, Niger.

There were also three other incidents that were possibly linked to the abductions of Gretzmacher and Abbt’s. Firstly, on 1 February 2025 two Nigerien National Guard soldiers were killed and two CNPC workers were abducted in an ambush near the Agadem Complex. On 24 April, 12 soldiers of the National Guard of Niger were killed near Sakoira. On 25 April, five Indian electricians and a Nigerien worker were abducted in an attack on a worksite near the Kandadji Dam.

National Guard of Niger
The Nigerien National Guard (French: Garde Nationale du Niger), formerly known as the Forces Nationales d’Intervention et de Securité (1997–2011) and Garde Republicaine (1963–1997), is a paramilitary corps of the Armed Forces of Niger under the control of the Ministry of Interior, Public Safety and Decentralization. It is headed by the superior commander of the national guard.
Moala Islands
The Moala Islands are a subgroup of Fiji's Lau archipelago.  Its three islands (Matuku, Moala, and Totoya) have a total land area of approximately 119 km2. They are located west of the Lau Islands proper, and were historically linked more closely with Bau Island and Viti Levu than with Lau. They were unified by Ratu Sukuna to the Lau congregation to support traditional gifting through provision of taro and other vegetables. All three islands were defeated by Enele Maafu. The Tongan Prince later the Tui Lau subdued them and enforced Christianity.

The main economic activity of the Moala Islands is coconut farming, and root crop farming including marine agriculture and fisheries. As of 2009, there was no accommodation for visitors on the Moala Islands.

Bau (island)
Bau (pronounced [ᵐbɔu̯]) is a small island in Fiji, off the east coast of the main island of Viti Levu. Bau rose to prominence in the mid-1800s and became Fiji's dominant power; until its cession to Britain, it has maintained its influence in politics and leadership right through to modern Fiji. Due to its sacred nature, foreigners have to apply for a permit to visit.
World Cup Singles
The World Cup Singles was an event inaugurated in 2005 by the organisation known as World Bowls and was held until 2019. It was contested annually between bowlers from national bowls organisations. The competition was seen as the Southern Hemisphere equivalent of the World Indoor Bowls Championships held annually in the United Kingdom and organised by the World Bowls Tour.

World Indoor Bowls Championships
The World Indoor Bowls Championship is an international bowls competition held annually at Potters Resorts in Hopton on Sea.

In recent history matches are streamed live on YouTube & Facebook, attracting around four million views annually. The last week of the competition is televised live on BBC where the open singles and open pairs', women's singles and mixed pairs' finals are shown.
Scolecenchelys godeffroyi
The Godeffroy (Scolecenchelys godeffroyi) is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels). It was described by Charles Tate Regan in 1909, originally under the genus Muraenichthys. It is a marine, tropical eel which is known from the western Pacific Ocean.

Charles Tate Regan
Charles Tate Regan (1 February 1878 – 12 January 1943) was a British ichthyologist, working mainly around the beginning of the 20th century. He did extensive work on fish classification schemes.

Born in Sherborne, Dorset, he was educated at Derby School and Queens' College, Cambridge and in 1901 joined the staff of the Natural History Museum, where he became Keeper of Zoology, and later director of the entire museum, in which role he served from 1927 to 1938.

Regan was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1917.

Regan mentored a number of scientists, among them Ethelwynn Trewavas, who continued his work at the British Natural History Museum.
Fotimakhon Amilova
Fotimakhon Amilova (born 11 February 1999) is an Uzbeki Paralympic swimmer who represented Uzbekistan at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. She set a world record at the female SB13 100 m breaststroke. She had won gold, silver and bronze medals at Rio 2016 Paralympics.

Uzbeks
The Uzbeks (Uzbek: Oʻzbeklar; Ўзбеклар; اۉزبېکلر‎) are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, being the largest Turkic ethnic group in the area. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, next to Tajiks and Karakalpak minorities, and also form minority groups in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Russia, and China. Uzbek diaspora communities also exist in Turkey, Saudi Arabia, United States, Ukraine, Pakistan, and other countries.
Convex hull algorithms
Algorithms that construct convex hulls of various objects have a broad range of applications in mathematics and computer science.

In computational geometry, numerous algorithms are proposed for computing the convex hull of a finite set of points, with various computational complexities.

Computing the convex hull means that a non-ambiguous and efficient representation of the required convex shape is constructed. The complexity of the corresponding algorithms is usually estimated in terms of n, the number of input points, and sometimes also in terms of h, the number of points on the convex hull.

David G. Kirkpatrick
David Galer Kirkpatrick is a Professor Emeritus of computer science at the University of British Columbia.  He is known for the Kirkpatrick–Seidel algorithm and his work on polygon triangulation, and for co-inventing α-shapes and the β-skeleton. He received his PhD from the University of Toronto in 1974.
Saint-Alban generating station-2
The Saint-Alban-2 power station is an old hydroelectric power station located on the Sainte-Anne River at the level of the Sainte-Anne River Gorges in Saint-Alban in province of Quebec (Canada). It was built between 1925 and 1927 to replace the Saint-Alban-2 power station, which was destroyed by a flood in 1924. It was in use until 1984. It was built at the start of the 2000s to be included in the Portneuf Regional Natural Park.
The power station, the balance chimney, the penstock as well as the dam were cited as heritage building in 2002 by the municipality of Saint-Alban.

Sainte-Anne River (Les Chenaux)
Sainte-Anne River (Les Chenaux), Teyaiar River (Wendat), rivière Sainte-Anne (French), flows from north to south on the north shore in  the estuary section of the St. Lawrence River, in Les Chenaux, Portneuf and La Jacques-Cartier RCM, Mauricie and National Capital regions, Quebec, Canada.
Overview of RESTful API Description Languages
RESTful (representational state transfer) API (application programming interface) DLs (description languages) are formal languages designed to provide a structured description of a RESTful web API that is useful both to a human and for automated machine processing. API description languages are sometimes called interface description languages (IDLs). The structured description might be used to generate documentation for human programmers; such documentation may be easier to read than free-form documentation, since all documentation generated by the same tool follows the same formatting conventions. Additionally, the description language is usually precise enough to allow automated generation of various software artifacts, like libraries, to access the API from various programming languages, which takes the burden of manually creating them off the programmers.

Programmer
A programmer, computer programmer or coder is an author of computer source code – someone with skill in computer programming.
The professional titles software developer and software engineer may be used for jobs that require a programmer.
Rebeka Kim
Rebeka Kim (Korean: 김레베카, born January 27, 1998) is a South Korean former competitive ice dancer. With partner Kirill Minov, she is the 2016 South Korean national champion and placed sixth at the 2014 World Junior Championships. Earlier in her career, Kim competed in single skating. She is the 2009 and 2010 Toruń Cup novice champion.

South Korean Figure Skating Championships
The South Korean Figure Skating Championships (Korean: 한국 피겨스케이팅 선수권 대회) are an annual figure skating competition organized by the Korea Skating Union to crown the national champions of South Korea. Medals are awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance at the senior, junior, and novice levels, although not every discipline is held every year due to a lack of participants.
Rennerod
Rennerod (German pronunciation: [ˈʁɛnəʁoːt] ⓘ) is a town in the Westerwaldkreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the administrative seat of the Verbandsgemeinde of Rennerod, a kind of collective municipality. Within the municipal area, until German Reunification on 3 October 1990, lay the Federal Republic's geographical centre.

Siegen
Siegen (German pronunciation: [ˈziːɡn̩] ⓘ) is a city in Germany, in the south Westphalian part of North Rhine-Westphalia.

It is located in the district of Siegen-Wittgenstein in the Arnsberg region. The university town (nearly 20,000 students in the 2018–2019 winter semester) is the district seat, and is ranked as a "higher centre" in the South Westphalian urban agglomeration.

In 1975, municipal reforms and amalgamations lifted Siegen's population above the 100,000 mark.
University of Wisconsin Law School
The University of Wisconsin Law School is the law school of the University of Wisconsin–Madison, a public research university in Madison, Wisconsin. Founded in 1868, the school is guided by a "law in action" legal philosophy which emphasizes the role of the law in practice and society. It offers the Juris Doctor, Master of Laws, and Doctor of Juridical Science degrees; Juris Doctor graduates of the law school receive admission to the Wisconsin bar without taking a traditional bar examination via diploma privilege.

Doctor of Juridical Science
A Doctor of Juridical Science (SJD; Latin: Scientiae Juridicae Doctor), or a Doctor of the Science of Law (JSD; Latin: Juridicae Scientiae Doctor), is a terminal research doctorate degree in law that is equivalent to a Ph.D. degree. In most countries (including the United States), it is the most advanced law degree that can be earned, higher than both a Juris Doctor (J.D.) and a Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.).
Augustin Bourbonnais
Augustin Bourbonnais (French pronunciation: [oɡystɛ̃ buʁbɔnɛ]; March 19, 1850 – August 5, 1923) was a Canadian physician and politician.

Born in Saint-Clet, Soulanges County, Canada East, the son of Michel Bourbonnais and Angèle Houle, Bourbonnais was educated at the Seminary of Sainte-Thérèse, where he graduated a B.A. in 1872. He studied medicine at Laval University and became an M.D. in 1875. He first practised at Syracuse, New York and moved to Coteau Landing, Quebec.  He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the riding of Soulanges in the general elections of 1896. A Liberal, he was re-elected in 1900 and 1904. He was defeated in 1908.

His younger brother, Avila-Gonzague Bourbonnais, was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1886 to 1902.

Collège Lionel-Groulx
Collège Lionel-Groulx is a general and professional education college (CEGEP) located in Sainte-Thérèse, Quebec, Canada. This college has around 6,000 students in regular training and around 2,000 in continuing education.
High School U.S.A.
High School U.S.A. is a 1983 American made-for-television comedy film starring Michael J. Fox, Nancy McKeon, Anthony Edwards, and Crispin Glover, directed by Rod Amateau. The film originally aired on NBC on October 16, 1983.

Several of the main actors appeared in sitcoms that were popular at that time. These include Todd Bridges and Dana Plato from Diff'rent Strokes; Nancy McKeon from The Facts of Life; Lauri Hendler from Gimme a Break!; Crystal Bernard and Cathy Silvers from Happy Days; and Michael J. Fox from Family Ties; as well as a number of former 1950s and 1960s sitcom stars, including Angela Cartwright from The Danny Thomas Show and Lost in Space; Tony Dow, Frank Bank, and Ken Osmond from Leave It to Beaver; Elinor Donahue from Father Knows Best; and Dawn Wells and Bob Denver from Gilligan's Island.

Frank Bank
Frank Bank (April 12, 1942 – April 13, 2013) was an American actor, particularly known for his role as Clarence "Lumpy" Rutherford on the 1957–1963 situation comedy television series Leave It to Beaver.
Kumukunsi
Kumukunsi is a traditional Filipino deep-fried doughnut originating from the Maguindanao people. It is made from rice flour, duck eggs, and sugar. It is traditionally fried into spiral shapes. It has a creamy flavor, similar to pancakes.

Eggs as food
Humans and other hominids have consumed eggs for millions of years. The most widely consumed eggs are those of fowl, especially chickens. People in Southeast Asia began harvesting chicken eggs for food by 1500 BCE. Eggs of other birds, such as ducks and ostriches, are eaten regularly but much less commonly than those of chickens. People may also eat the eggs of reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Fish eggs consumed as food are known as roe or caviar.

Hens and other egg-laying creatures are raised throughout the world, and mass production of chicken eggs is a global industry. In 2009, an estimated 62.1 million metric tons of eggs were produced worldwide from a total laying flock of approximately 6.4 billion hens. There are issues of regional variation in demand and expectation, as well as current debates concerning methods of mass production. In 2012, the European Union banned battery husbandry of chickens.
Farrokhabad, Nishapur
Farrokhabad (Persian: فرخ اباد, also Romanized as Farrokhābād) is a village in Rivand Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 132, in 38 families.

Nishapur County
Nishapur County (Persian: شهرستان نیشاپور) is in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Nishapur, the second largest city in the province and the third largest city in Eastern Iran.
Heliobacteria
Heliobacteria are a unique subset of bacteria that process light for energy. Distinguishable from other phototrophic bacteria, they utilize a unique photosynthetic pigment, bacteriochlorophyll g and are the only known Gram-positive phototroph.  They are a key player in symbiotic nitrogen fixation alongside plants, and use a type I reaction center like green-sulfur bacteria.

RNA trees place the heliobacteria among the Bacillota. They have no outer membrane and like certain other Bacillota (Clostridia), they form heat-resistant endospores, which contain high levels of calcium and dipicolinic acid. Heliobacteria are the only Bacillota known to be phototrophic.

Dipicolinic acid
Dipicolinic acid (pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid or PDC and DPA) is a chemical compound which plays a role in the heat resistance of bacterial endospores. It is also used to prepare dipicolinato ligated lanthanide and transition metal complexes for ion chromatography.
Barwaikheda
Barwaikheda is a village and a Panchayat in Dewas district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Barwaikheda Village is a major agricultural production area in Madhya Pradesh. Earlier, Harngaon was called Harigarh.As of 2001 India census,

Dewas district
Dewas district (Hindi pronunciation: [d̪eːʋaːs]) is a district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The town of Dewas is the district headquarters. It belongs to Ujjain Division.

The Dewas District roughly corresponds to the territories of the twin Maratha princely states of Dewas - Junior & Senior. The district straddles the Vindhya Range; the northern portion of the district lies on the Malwa plateau, while the southern portion lies in the valley of the Narmada River. The Narmada forms the southern boundary of the district. The district is bounded to the east by Sehore District, to the south by the Harda and Khandwa districts, to the west by the Khargone and Indore districts, and to the north by the Ujjain and Shajapur districts. Dewas District is part of Ujjain Division. Devsaal Rawats of Uttarakhand are said to have their origins in Dewas at the time of legendary king Vikramāditya. Dewas is about 152 kilometres (94 mi) from Bhopal and 40 kilometres (25 mi) from Indore by road.
Jaina
Jaina can refer to:

Jain/Jaina, a follower of Jainism, an ancient classical religion of India
List of Jains, a list of various notable Jains
Federation of Jain Associations in North America (JAINA)

Jaina Island, an archaeological site of the Maya civilization, in the present-day Mexican state of Campeche

Jaina Solo, a fictional Star Wars Expanded Universe character

Jaina Proudmoore, a fictional character in the Warcraft franchise and Heroes of the Storm

Jaina (grape), a Spanish wine grape

Cayetana blanca
Cayetana blanca, also known as Cayetana or Jaén, is a white Spanish wine grape. It is grown mainly in the south of Spain, especially in Extremadura and in the Jerez region where it is distilled for use in brandy production.

It is mentioned in the 1513 treatise Obra de Agricultura by Gabriel Alonso de Herrera. It may have originated in the Alentejo region of Portugal, although it is now rare in that area.

Cayetana Blanca was the third most planted white grape variety in Spain, with 39,919 ha (98,640 acres) in 2015, totalling 4% of the grapes and 9% of the white variety hectarage.
Virgil City, Missouri
Virgil City is an unincorporated community in Cedar County, Missouri. The community extends across the border into Vernon County. The community is south-southwest of El Dorado Springs and northeast of Montevallo.

Cedar County, Missouri
Cedar County is a county located in the southwest portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,188. The county seat is Stockton. The county was founded February 14, 1845, and named after Cedar Creek, a tributary of the Sac River, which in turn is named from the Eastern red cedar, a common tree of the area.
Nanchong North railway station
Nanchong North railway station (Chinese: 南充北站) is a railway station in Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan, China. It is an intermediate stop on the Chongqing–Lanzhou railway and operated by China Railway Chengdu Group.

Construction of the station was approved in June 2013. Construction officially began on 22 May 2014 and the station opened on 30 December 2015. It will be a stop on the currently under construction Chengdu–Dazhou–Wanzhou high-speed railway and Hanzhong–Bazhong–Nanchong railway.

There are two island platforms and one side platform, making for five platform faces in total.

Chengdu–Dazhou–Wanzhou high-speed railway
The Chengdu–Dazhou–Wanzhou high-speed railway or Chengdawan HSR (Chinese: 成达万高速铁路; pinyin: Chéngdáwàn Gāosù Tiělù) is a high-speed railway currently under construction in China. This line forms part of the Shanghai–Chongqing–Chengdu high-speed railway.