hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ahklun Mountains
The Ahklun Mountains are located in the northeast section of the Togiak National Wildlife Refuge in southwest Alaska. They extend southwest from the Kanektok and Narogurum Rivers to Hagemeister Strait and Kuskokwim Bay and support the only existing glaciers in western Alaska. They are the highest Alaskan mountain range west of the Alaska Range and north of the Alaska Peninsula: some summits in the range have many glaciers. To the west is the Kuskokwim River and to the east are the Bristol Bay lowlands.

The Ahklun Mountains have many lakes, some more than 1,300 feet (400 m) deep. The mountains cover approximately 80 percent of the Togiak National Wildlife Refuge. The refuge also contains tundra and coastal plains.

Bristol Bay
Bristol Bay (Central Yupik: Iilgayaq, Russian: Бристольский Залив) is the easternmost arm of the Bering Sea, at 57° to 59° North 157° to 162° West in Southwest Alaska. Bristol Bay is 400 km (250 mi) long and 290 km (180 mi) wide at its mouth.  A number of rivers flow into the bay, including the Cinder, Egegik, Igushik, Kvichak, Meshik, Nushagak, Naknek, Togiak, and Ugashik.

Upper reaches of Bristol Bay experience some of the highest tides in the world.  One such reach, the Nushagak Bay near Dillingham and another near Naknek in Kvichak Bay have tidal extremes in excess of 10 m (30 ft), ranking them — and the area — as eighth highest in the world.  Coupled with the extreme number of shoals, sandbars, and shallows, it makes navigation troublesome, especially during the area's frequently strong winds. As the shallowest part of the Bering Sea, Bristol Bay is one of the most dangerous regions for large vessels.
Jack Watson (cattle station manager)
John Watson (March 1852 − 1 April 1896), more commonly known as Jack Watson, was a frontier cattle station manager, drover, and mass-murderer in the British colony of Queensland and in the Northern Territory. He was renowned for his fearless behaviour and also his sadistic brutality toward Indigenous Australians. He was called "The Gulf Hero" due to much of his fame being achieved while working on pastoral properties located in the Gulf Country.

Punitive expedition
A punitive expedition is a military journey undertaken to punish a political entity or any group of people outside the borders of the punishing state or union. It is usually undertaken in response to perceived disobedient or morally wrong behavior by miscreants, as revenge or corrective action, or to apply strong diplomatic pressure without a formal declaration of war (e.g. surgical strike). In the 19th century, punitive expeditions were used more commonly as pretexts for colonial adventures that resulted in annexations, regime changes or changes in policies of the affected state to favour one or more colonial powers.

Stowell (1921) provides the following definition:

When the territorial sovereign is too weak or is unwilling to enforce respect for international law, a state which is wronged may find it necessary to invade the territory and to chastise the individuals who violate its rights and threaten its security.
N-Methyl-L-glutamic acid
N-Methyl-l-glutamic acid (methylglutamate) is a chemical derivative of glutamic acid in which a methyl group has been added to the amino group.  It is an intermediate in methane metabolism.  Biosynthetically, it is produced from methylamine and glutamic acid by the enzyme methylamine—glutamate N-methyltransferase.  It can also be demethylated by methylglutamate dehydrogenase to regenerate glutamic acid.

Methylamine—glutamate N-methyltransferase
Methylamine-glutamate N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.21) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The two substrates of this enzyme are methylamine and L-glutamic acid. Its products are ammonia and N-methyl-L-glutamic acid.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring one-carbon group methyltransferases.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is methylamine:l-glutamate N-methyltransferase. Other names in common use include N-methylglutamate synthase, and methylamine-glutamate methyltransferase.  This enzyme participates in methane metabolism.
1958 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles
Gardnar Mulloy and Budge Patty were the defending champions, but lost to Ramanathan Krishnan and Naresh Kumar in the third round.

Sven Davidson and Ulf Schmidt defeated Ashley Cooper and Neale Fraser in the final, 6–4, 6–4, 8–6 to win the gentlemen's doubles tennis title at the 1958 Wimbledon Championship.

Gardnar Mulloy
Gardnar Putnam "Gar" Mulloy (November 22, 1913 – November 14, 2016) was a U.S. No. 1 tennis player primarily known for playing in doubles matches with partner Billy Talbert. He was born in Washington, D.C., and turned 100 in November 2013. During his career he won five Grand Slam doubles tournaments and was a member of the winning Davis Cup team on three occasions.

Mulloy played collegiate tennis for the Miami Hurricanes at the University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida.
Tore Ellingsen
Tore Ellingsen (born 3 June 1962) is a Norwegian economist active in Sweden.

Ellingsen graduated as siviløkonom from Norwegian School of Economics in Bergen in 1985, and received a Ph.D. from London School of Economics in 1991. Since 1991 he is active at the Stockholm School of Economics, from 1996 as docent (associate professor) and from 2000 as professor of economics. Ellingsen was the first recipient of the Assar Lindbeck Medal.

Ellingsen was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 2004. Since 2007 he is a member of the Prize Committee for the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, where he was an adjunct member 2005–2007. He is also a fellow of the European Economic Association.

Assar Lindbeck Medal
The Assar Lindbeck Medal is a bi-annual award given to the economist(s) in Sweden under the age of 45 whose work have gained the most international recognition. The award is named in honor of Assar Lindbeck.
The Advancement of Learning
The Advancement of Learning (full title: Of the Proficience and Advancement of Learning, Divine and Human) is a 1605 book by Francis Bacon which introduces and popularizes the scientific method of observation, skepticism and testability.

Testability
Testability is a primary aspect of science and the scientific method. There are two components to testability:

Falsifiability or defeasibility, which means that counterexamples to the hypothesis are logically possible.

The practical feasibility of observing a reproducible series of such counterexamples if they do exist.

In short, a hypothesis is testable if there is a possibility of deciding whether it is true or false based on experimentation by anyone. This allows anyone to decide whether a theory can be supported or refuted by data. However, the interpretation of experimental data may be also inconclusive or uncertain. Karl Popper introduced the concept that scientific knowledge had the property of falsifiability as published in The Logic of Scientific Discovery.
Ancón, Ecuador
Ancón is a rural parish of Santa Elena canton in the province of Santa Elena, Ecuador.

People began settling in the area in late 1923, when the Government of Ecuador conceded 98 mines, occupying an area of 38,842 hectares, to the British oil company Anglo Ecuadorian Oilfields. The area was initially used as a mining camp.

For many years, the oilfields were of major national economic importance. In 1911, the first barrel of oil was extracted from the Ancon 1 well。 As the first oil city in Ecuador, many families of mostly European backgrounds relocated to the area in search of work, increasing the area's stature. They remained after the British company left in 1979, taking up such trades as fishing.

In subsequent years, Ancón achieved rapid population growth and economic development. In mid-November 2007, Santa Elena became a separate province.

Parish (administrative division)
A parish is an administrative division used by several countries. To distinguish it from an ecclesiastical parish, the term civil parish is used in some jurisdictions, as noted below.

The table below lists countries which use this administrative division:
Tatlıcak, Nizip
Tatlıcak is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Nizip, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,098 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). The village is inhabited by Kurds of the Reşwan tribe.

Nizip
Nizip (Medieval Greek: Nisibis or Nisibina; Ottoman Turkish: نزيب) is a municipality and district of Gaziantep Province, Turkey. Its area is 944 km2, and its population is 148,386 (2022).

It is located 45 km from the city of Gaziantep, 95 km from Şanlıurfa (Edessa), and 35 km from Karkamış.
Canton of Saint-Herblain-2
The canton of Saint-Herblain-2 is an administrative division of the Loire-Atlantique department, western France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Saint-Herblain.

It consists of the following communes:

Orvault

Saint-Herblain (partly)

Loire-Atlantique
Loire-Atlantique (French pronunciation: [lwaʁ atlɑ̃tik] ⓘ; Gallo: Louére-Atantique; Breton: Liger-Atlantel; before 1957: Loire-Inférieure, Breton: Liger-Izelañ) is a department in Pays de la Loire on the west coast of France, named after the river Loire and the Atlantic Ocean. It had a population of 1,429,272 in 2019.
Houde (surname)
Houde is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Camillien Houde (1889–1958), Canadian politician

Charles-Édouard Houde (1823–1912), Canadian politician

Claude Houde (born 1947), Canadian ice hockey player

Éric Houde (born 1976), Canadian ice hockey player

Frédéric Houde (1847–1884), Canadian journalist and politician

Germain Houde (born 1952), Canadian actor

Harrison Houde (born 1996), Canadian actor

Jean Houde (born 1939), French sprint canoeist

Louis Houde (1879–1945), Canadian politician

Louis-José Houde (born 1977), Canadian comedian

Moïse Houde (1811–1885), Canadian politician

Pierre Houde (born 1957), Canadian sports announcer

Pierre Houdé, Belgian cyclist

Roger Houde (born 1938), Canadian politician

Serge Houde (born 1953), Canadian actor

Sylvain Houde, Canadian singer

Claude Houde
Claude Daniel Houde (born November 8, 1947) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman who played 59 games in the National Hockey League for the Kansas City Scouts from 1974 to 1976. Most of his career, which lasted from 1970 to 1977, was spent in the minor leagues, mainly in the American Hockey League. As a youth, he played in the 1960 and 1961 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournaments with Drummondville.
Zuwarah Airport
Zuwarah Airport (IATA: WAX, ICAO: HLZW) is an airport serving the Mediterranean coastal city of Zuwarah in Libya. The airport is 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) west of the city.

The Zawia VOR-DME (Ident: ZAW) is located 33.5 nautical miles (62.0 km) east-southeast of the airport. The Zwara non-directional beacon (Ident: ZAR) is located on the field.

Zuwarah
Zuwarah, Zuwara, or Zwara (Berber languages: ⴰⵣⵡⴰⵔ; Arabic: زوارة) is a coastal city in north-western Libya.

Zuwara is primarily inhabited by indigenous Berber people of Libya. The local Berber dialect, known locally as Awal m at-willul, is commonly spoken as a first language by the inhabitants of Zuwara.

Zuwara is famous for its beaches and seafood. It is situated 102 km (63 mi) west of Tripoli and 60 km (37 mi) from the Tunisian border. It is the capital of the Nuqat al Khams district. Zuwarah consists of 49 districts.
James Teare
James Teare (6 August 1872 – 3 December 1909) was a Manx merchant navy officer who served as a seaman and later as an officer on numerous Isle of Man Steam Packet Company vessels. Capt. Teare is best known as the Master of the RMS Ellan Vannin on her ill-fated voyage from Ramsey, Isle of Man to Liverpool on 3 December 1909.

Lightship
A lightvessel, or lightship, is a ship that acts as a lighthouse in areas deemed unsuitable for proper lighthouse construction. Although some records exist of fire beacons being placed on ships in Roman times, the first modern lightship was invented by Robert Hamblin in 1734 and was located off the Nore sandbank at the mouth of the River Thames in London, England. Lightships have since been rendered obsolete by advancing lighthouse construction techniques, and by large automated navigation buoys (LANBY).
Gaston Moore
Gaston Moore (born December 29, 1945) is a former political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. He represented Caraquet in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 2001 to 2003 as a Progressive Conservative member.

He was born in Moffet, Quebec, the son of Georges Moore and Eva Nadeau. A former police officer with the Service de police de la Ville de Montréal, Moore was also a fisherman for several years. He married Georgette Friolet with whom he has three daughters and three sons. Moore ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the provincial assembly in 1999. He was elected in a 2001 by-election held after Bernard Thériault ran for a seat in the House of Commons. He was defeated by a narrow margin in the 2003 general election. Moore was mayor of Bas-Caraquet from 1995 to 2001.

Caraquet (electoral district)
Caraquet is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada. It was created in 1973 from Gloucester. The riding is centred on the town of Caraquet, extending west to Grande-Anse, New Brunswick and Saint-Léolin, New Brunswick and south to Hautes-Terres, New Brunswick.
(144897) 2004 UX10
(144897) 2004 UX10 (provisional designation 2004 UX10) is a Kuiper-belt object. It has a diameter of about 360 kilometres (220 mi) and was discovered by Andrew Becker, Andrew Puckett and Jeremy Kubica on 20 October 2004 at Apache Point Observatory in Sunspot, New Mexico. The object is classified as a cubewano. It is near a 2:3 resonance with Neptune.

Apache Point Observatory
The Apache Point Observatory (APO; obs. code: 705) is an astronomical observatory located in the Sacramento Mountains in Sunspot, New Mexico, United States, approximately 18 miles (29 km) south of Cloudcroft. The observatory is operated by New Mexico State University (NMSU) and owned by the Astrophysical Research Consortium (ARC). Access to the telescopes and buildings is private and restricted.
EA-4056
EA-4056 is a deadly carbamate nerve agent. It is lethal because it inhibits acetylcholinesterase. Inhibition causes an overly high accumulation of acetylcholine between the nerve and muscle cells. This paralyzes the muscles by preventing their relaxation. The paralyzed muscles include those used for breathing.

Patent assigned to US Army for EA-4056 among other similar nerve agents was filed in December 7, 1967. It patents derivatives with 3 to 11 carbons in the connecting alkane chain.

Acetylcholinesterase
Acetylcholinesterase (HGNC symbol ACHE; EC 3.1.1.7; systematic name acetylcholine acetylhydrolase), also known as AChE, AChase or acetylhydrolase, is the primary cholinesterase in the body. It is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of acetylcholine and some other choline esters that function as neurotransmitters:

acetylcholine + H2O = choline + acetate

It is found at mainly neuromuscular junctions and in chemical synapses of the cholinergic type, where its activity serves to terminate cholinergic synaptic transmission. It belongs to the carboxylesterase family of enzymes. It is the primary target of inhibition by organophosphorus compounds such as nerve agents and pesticides.
Buroz Municipality
Buroz is one of the 21 municipalities (municipios) that makes up the Venezuelan state of Miranda and, according to a 2011 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, the municipality has a population of 27,515. The town of Mamporal is the municipal seat of the Buroz Municipality.

Municipal seat
A municipal seat (Spanish: cabecera municipal; ) is the administrative center and seat of government of a municipality or civil parish, with other villages or towns subordinated. The term is used in Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Guatemala and Venezuela.
Romancing the Stone (song)
"Romancing the Stone" is a song written, recorded and produced by Eddy Grant, who released it from his 1984 album Going for Broke.  It was intended for the 1984 feature film of the same name, and announced by Casey Kasem on the 30 June 1984 edition of American Top 40 as the title song to the movie, but ultimately was used only briefly in the film. Clips from the film appeared in at least one official music video for the song, which is also mentioned in the film's closing credits.

In the United States, the song reached number 26 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 22 on Cash Box during the summer of that year. It was a bigger hit in Canada, where it reached number seven.  It was also a hit internationally, narrowly missing the Top 40 in Germany and the UK, but reaching number 28 in New Zealand.

"Romancing the Stone" was a hit on two other US charts.  On the soul chart it went to No. 68, and on the dance charts, it peaked at No. 12.

Eddy Grant
Edmond Montague Grant (born 5 March 1948) is a Guyanese-British singer, songwriter, musician, and record producer who resides in Barbados. Noted for his genre-blending style and socially conscious lyrics, he is the creator of the musical genre known as ringbang.

Grant rose to prominence as a founding member of the Equals, one of the UK's first racially mixed bands who are best remembered for the hit song "Baby, Come Back" (1967), which Grant wrote and performed lead guitar and backing vocals on. His subsequent solo career spawned songs such as "I Don't Wanna Dance" (1982), "Electric Avenue" (1983), and the anti-apartheid anthem "Gimme Hope Jo'anna" (1988). "Electric Avenue" reached platinum status, became his biggest international hit, and earned a Grammy Award nomination.
Kentucky Bend
The Kentucky Bend, variously called the New Madrid Bend, Madrid Bend, Bessie Bend, or Bubbleland,  is an exclave of Fulton County, Kentucky that is encircled by the states of Tennessee and Missouri. The exclave is a portion of a peninsula defined by an oxbow loop meander of the Mississippi River, and its inclusion in the state of Kentucky stems from uncertainties of the course of the Mississippi River when the boundary between Tennessee and Kentucky was established.

As of the 2020 census, the population of the Kentucky Bend Census County Division was nine people. The mailing address of the area is Tiptonville, Tennessee. New Madrid, Missouri is directly across the river to the north, but it lacks connection to the bend by road or ferry. The closest crossings of the Mississippi River are the Dorena–Hickman Ferry and the Caruthersville Bridge located in nearby Dyer County.

Caruthersville Bridge
The Caruthersville Bridge is a single tower cantilever bridge carrying Interstate 155 and U.S. Route 412 across the Mississippi River between Caruthersville, Missouri, and Dyersburg, Tennessee. Completed in 1976, it is the only bridge that connects Missouri and Tennessee, and the northernmost bridge on the Lower Mississippi River. It stands downstream of the Cairo Mississippi River Bridge and upstream of the Hernando de Soto Bridge.
Cristián Monckeberg
Cristián Monckeberg Bruner (born 12 May 1968) is a Chilean lawyer and politician. A member of National Renewal (Chile), he served as President of the party from 2014 and 2018 and held several cabinet positions during the second administration of President Sebastián Piñera, including Minister of Housing and Urban Development, Minister of Social Development and Family, and Minister Secretary-General of the Presidency.

On 28 July 2020, after Piñera's fifth change of cabinet, he was appointed as Minister Secretary General of the Presidency, succeeding Claudio Alvarado. Then, Monckeberg resigned on 6 January 2021 to run for a quote as a conventional constituent for 10th district in the elections of April.

Ministry General Secretariat of the Presidency (Chile)
The Ministry General Secretariat of the Presidency (Spanish: Ministerio Secretaría General de la Presidencia) is the cabinet-level administrative office (equivalent to the president's Chief of Staff) which serves in an advisory role to the President of Chile and her or his ministers in the governments' relations with the National Congress of Chile, the development of the legislative agenda, and keeping track of the bills and other legislative activity in Congress as they pertain to the government.

The ministry was created in 1990 during the government of Patricio Aylwin, and the first appointee and longest-serving Minister so far was Edgardo Boeninger Kausel.

The Minister Secretary-General of the Presidency is Macarena Lobos Palacios, who was appointed by President Gabriel Boric on 4 March 2025.
Australian Venture
The Australian Venture is an event for Australian Venturer Scouts. It is their equivalent of a Jamboree, but for Venturers there is a lot more freedom and latitude in what they do. There is a number of on site activities and also an off site expedition, normally totaling about 12 days long. In 2021, Scouts Australia announced that Ventures would no longer be organised nationally. 
The last Australian Venturer Scout Event was at Lardner Park, Victoria, 2024. The theme for this Venture was "Go Places". The event which spanned two weeks was run in January 2024 with over 1000 people from around Australia and New Zealand. The event included over 20 expeditions around Australia, Fiji and New Zealand, making it the largest Venturer Scout Event in over 20 years.

Nunawading, Victoria
Nunawading (/ˌnʌnəˈwɒdɪŋ/) is an eastern suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 18 km (11 miles) east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Whitehorse and City of Manningham local government areas. Nunawading recorded a population of 12,413 at the 2021 census.

Most of Nunawading is located in the City of Whitehorse, although the City of Manningham governs part of it. It is centred at the intersection of Whitehorse Road and Springvale Road, in Melbourne's eastern suburbs and is the site of the main office of the City of Whitehorse, as well as large retail (e.g. furniture, auto dealerships, hardware, and electrical) and wholesale businesses, along Whitehorse Road.
Richard del Rosario
Richard del Rosario (born August 25, 1970) is a Filipino former basketball player who is currently serving as an assistant coach for both the Barangay Ginebra San Miguel of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) and the Perpetual Altas in the NCAA.  He was drafted in 2nd round by Purefoods Tender Juicy Hotdogs, traded to Mobiline Phone Pals, and played also for Sta. Lucia Realtors and Alaska Aces.

National Collegiate Athletic Association (Philippines)
The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA; /ˌɛnsiː.eɪˈeɪ/ EN-see-AY-AY) is an athletic association of ten  private colleges and universities in Metro Manila, Philippines. Established in 1924, it is the oldest collegiate athletic association in the country. It is not affiliated with the NCAA of the United States, as such it is also referred to as NCAA Philippines to differentiate the two associations.