hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marulevo
Marulevo is a village in Blagoevgrad Municipality, in Blagoevgrad Province, Bulgaria. It is situated in the foothills of Rila mountain 8 kilometers east of Blagoevgrad. The village is sparsely populated and composed of several isolated and almost abandoned neighborhoods. Once a vivid village in 1860 people built a church and founded an elementary school, later elevated to a primary school. In 1973 the school was closed due to the decreased number of students.

Blagoevgrad
Blagoevgrad (Bulgarian: Благоевград [bɫɐˈɡɔɛvˌɡrat]) is а town in Southwestern Bulgaria, the administrative centre of Blagoevgrad Municipality and of Blagoevgrad Province. With a population of almost 70,000 inhabitants, it is the economic and cultural centre of Southwestern Bulgaria. It is located in the valley of the Struma River at the foot of the Rila Mountains, 101 kilometres (63 miles) south of Sofia, close to the border with North Macedonia.

Blagoevgrad features a pedestrian downtown, with preserved 19th-century architecture and numerous restaurants, cafés, coffee shops, and boutiques. It is home to two universities, the South-West University "Neofit Rilski" and the American University in Bulgaria. The town also hosts the "Sts. Cyril and Methodius National Humanitarian High School". The former Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki moved from Thessaloniki to Blagoevgrad (then Gorna Dzhumaya) in 1913.
James Bugg
James Phillip Bugg (26 November 1882 – 7 July 1964) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Somerset in Tasmania. In 1941 he was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly as a Labor member for Darwin. He served until his defeat in 1946. Bugg died in Smithton in 1964.

Smithton, Tasmania
Smithton is a town on the far north-west coast of Tasmania, Australia. It lies on the Bass Highway, 85 km north-west of Burnie. At the 2021 census, Smithton had a population of 3,934. Smithton is the administrative centre of the Circular Head Council.
Trains of Winnipeg
Trains of Winnipeg is a film and multimedia art project by Clive Holden, released in stages between 2001 and 2004. The final project included a series of 14 short films, designed as visual representations of Holden's poetry, as well as a soundtrack CD and a book.

The short films were scored by Emily Goodden, Christine Fellows, Jason Tait and Steve Bates; additional contributors on the CD included John K. Samson and Leanne Zacharias, as well as an archival recording of Al Purdy.

The film series won the New Vision Award at the 2005 Copenhagen International Documentary Festival.

CPH:DOX
CPH:DOX, also known as Copenhagen International Documentary Film Festival, is a Danish film festival focused on documentary films, held annually in Copenhagen, Denmark. Since 2008 it has been run by Copenhagen Film Festivals, which also organizes the children's film festival BUSTER.
Beth Olam Cemetery
The Beth Olam Cemetery is a historic cemetery in Cypress Hills, Brooklyn, New York, United States. It is located in the city's Cemetery Belt, bisected by the border between Brooklyn and Queens.

It is a rural cemetery in style, and was started in 1851 by three Manhattan Jewish congregations: Congregation Shearith Israel (Spanish Portuguese) on West 70th Street, B'nai Jeshurun on West 89th Street, and Temple Shaaray Tefila on East 79th Street.

In 1882, Calvert Vaux was commissioned to design a small, red brick Metaher house or place of purification and pre-burial eulogies, near the entrance to the Shearith Israel section, and also designed its gates. It is the only religious building that Vaux, the co-designer of Central Park, is known to have designed. Many mausoleum windows are made with Tiffany stained glass and LaFarge bronze doors.

The burial ground contains many examples of architecture and funerary art.

Rural Cemetery Act
The Rural Cemetery Act was a law passed by the New York Legislature on April 27, 1847, that authorized commercial burial grounds in rural New York state. The law led to burial of human remains becoming a commercial business for the first time, replacing the practice of burying the dead in churchyards and on private farmland. One effect of the law was the development of a large concentration of cemeteries along the border between the New York City boroughs of Queens and Brooklyn, often called the "Cemetery Belt".

The law's enactment came during an era when a burgeoning urban population was crowding out Manhattan churchyards traditionally used for burials and the concept of the rural cemetery on the outskirts of a city was becoming stylish.
Heart of a Woman (song)
"Heart of a Woman" is a song by American singer Summer Walker, released on October 25, 2024 as the lead single from her third studio album Finally Over It. It was written by Walker and David "Dos Dias" Bishop and produced by Tavaras Jordan.

"Heart of a Woman" was nominated at the 68th Annual Grammy Awards for Best R&B Performance and Best R&B Song.

Grammy Award for Best R&B Song
The Grammy Award for Best R&B Song (sometimes known as the R&B Songwriter's Award) has been awarded since 1969. From 1969 to 2000, it was known as the Grammy Award for Best Rhythm and Blues Song. Beyoncé has won it a record five times, while Babyface, Stevie Wonder, Bill Withers and Alicia Keys  have three wins each.

The award goes to the songwriter. If the winning song contains samples or interpolations of songs, the original songwriter and publisher can apply for a Winner’s Certificate. Only Stevie Wonder and SZA have won the award back to back. The performing artist does not receive an award unless they are also credited as a songwriter.

Years reflect the year in which the grammy Awards were presented, for music released in the previous year.
Etlingera dekockii
Etlingera dekockii is a monocotyledonous plant species first described by Theodoric Valeton, and given its current name by Rosemary Margaret Smith. Etlingera dekockii is part of the genus Etlingera' and the family Zingiberaceae. No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life.

Theodoric Valeton
Theodoric Valeton (1855 in Groningen – 1929 in The Hague) was a Dutch botanist.

He studied at the University of Groningen and received his doctorate in 1886. In 1893, he began working at the botanical garden in Bogor, Indonesia and managed its herbarium between 1903 and 1913. Valeton studied Zingiberaceae in Bogor between 1916 and 1919.

He was honoured in the naming of 2 plant taxa;
Valetonia T.Durand (in the Icacinaceae family), which was published in 1888, the name is now a synonym of Pleurisanthes Baill.
In 1909, Franz Xaver Rudolf von Höhnel published Valetoniella Höhn., which is a genus of fungi (in the family Niessliaceae).
Bombus appositus
Bombus appositus is a species of bumblebee known commonly as the white-shouldered bumblebee. It is native to western North America, including western Canada and the western United States.

This species lives in open habitat, such as meadows and slopes. It nests underground or on the surface. Males congregate to seek mates. It feeds on a variety of plant taxa, including giant hyssops, thistles, gentians, owl's clovers, locoweeds, penstemons, and clovers. It especially favors subalpine larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) and it serves as one of the plant's main pollinators.

This species has a range from southwestern Canada south to the Cascade Mountains and the Sierra Nevada, and west to central California

This species is a host to Bombus insularis, a species of cuckoo bumblebee.

Agastache
Agastache (/ˌæɡəˈstɑːkiː/) is a genus of aromatic flowering herbaceous perennial plants in the family Lamiaceae. It contains 22 species, mainly native to North America, one species native to eastern Asia. The common names of the species are a variety of fairly ambiguous and confusing "hyssops" and "mints"; as a whole the genus is known as giant hyssops or hummingbird mints.
St George the Conqueror Chapel Mausoleum
The St George the Conqueror Chapel Mausoleum (Bulgarian: Параклис-мавзолей „Св. Георги Победоносец“, Paraklis-mavzoley „Sv. Georgi Pobedonosets“) is a mausoleum (ossuary) and memorial Bulgarian Orthodox chapel, as well as a major landmark of Pleven, Bulgaria.

Built between 1903 and 1907 in the Neo-Byzantine style by the architect Pencho Koychev, whose project won a contest in 1903, it is dedicated to the Russian and Romanian soldiers who fell for the Liberation of Bulgaria during the Siege of Plevna of 1877. The remains of many of these soldiers are preserved in the mausoleum. The icons in the chapel mausoleum are the work of Bulgarian artists.

The chapel mausoleum bears the name of Saint George, the patron saint of soldiers, and is also depicted in the coat of arms of Pleven. It lies on the main Vazrazhdane Square.

Neo-Byzantine architecture
Neo-Byzantine architecture (also referred to as Byzantine Revival) was a revival movement, most frequently seen in religious, institutional and public buildings. It incorporates elements of the Byzantine style associated with Eastern and Orthodox Christian architecture dating from the 5th through 11th centuries, notably that of Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) and the Exarchate of Ravenna.

Neo-Byzantine architecture emerged in the 1840s in Western Europe and peaked in the last quarter of the 19th century with the Sacré-Coeur Basilica in Paris, and with monumental works in the Russian Empire, and later Bulgaria. The Neo-Byzantine school was active in Yugoslavia in the interwar period.
Xi'an Olympic Sports Center
The Xi'an Olympic Sports Center is a sports complex with a multi-purpose stadium, a gymnasium and an aquatics center in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.

The building opened in October 2020. The Xi'an Olympic Sports Center was the venue for the athletics and aquatics competitions of the 2021 National Games of China, as well as the opening and closing ceremonies.

The venue has been part of multiple concert tours, including the Jacky Cheung 60+ Concert Tour by Jacky Cheung, the Extraterrestrial World Tour by Joker Xue and the Sugar High World Tour by Cyndi Wang.

Extraterrestrial World Tour
The Extraterrestrial World Tour is the third concert tour and second world tour by Chinese singer-songwriter Joker Xue. The Extraterrestrial World Tour spans a record-breaking 145 shows across four continents with 133 in Asia, 2 in Europe, 5 in North America, and 4 in Oceania. Tour attendance is approximately 5.08 million, making it among the most-attended concert tours of all-time.
Sibley East High School
Sibley East High School is a four-year public high school and is a combination of children from three towns, Gaylord, Green Isle, and Arlington. It is located between the Twin Cities and Mankato, Minnesota in the United States about 10 miles off of State Highway 169. It is associated with the Minnesota State High School League.  The total of K-12 students in Sibley East numbers 1213 students.

Mankato, Minnesota
Mankato (/mænˈkeɪtoʊ/ ⓘ man-KAY-toh) is a city in Blue Earth, Nicollet, and Le Sueur counties in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It is the county seat of Blue Earth County. It is the 21st-largest city in Minnesota and fourth-largest outside of the Minneapolis–Saint Paul area, with a population of 44,488 at the 2020 census. The Mankato–North Mankato metropolitan area has an estimated 105,000 residents.

Mankato lies along a large bend of the Minnesota River at its confluence with the Blue Earth River. The city is home to Minnesota State University, the state's second-largest university by enrollment.
Universal stress protein
The universal stress protein (USP) domain is a superfamily of conserved genes which can be found in bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa and plants. Proteins containing the domain are induced by many environmental stressors such as nutrient starvation, drought, extreme temperatures, high salinity, and the presence of uncouplers, antibiotics and metals.

In the presence of these stressors, Usp genes are upregulated resulting in large quantities of Usp proteins being produced by the cell. The over production of USP genes allows the organisms to better cope with stresses by largely unknown mechanisms. However, the USPs will alter the expression of a variety of genes that help to cope with stress.

Conserved sequence
In evolutionary biology, conserved sequences are identical or similar sequences in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) or proteins across species (orthologous sequences), or within a genome (paralogous sequences), or between donor and receptor taxa (xenologous sequences). Conservation indicates that a sequence has been maintained by natural selection.

A highly conserved sequence is one that has remained relatively unchanged far back up the phylogenetic tree, and hence far back in geological time. Examples of highly conserved sequences include the RNA components of ribosomes present in all domains of life, the homeobox sequences widespread amongst eukaryotes, and the tmRNA in bacteria. The study of sequence conservation overlaps with the fields of genomics, proteomics, evolutionary biology, phylogenetics, bioinformatics and mathematics.
Hatuwagadhi Rural Municipality
Hatuwagadhi (Nepali: हतुवागढी) is one of 7 rural municipalities of Bhojpur District of Province No. 1 of Nepal. There are a total of 9 municipalities in Bhojpur of which 2 are urban and 7 are rural.

Hatuwagadhi has an area of 142.61 square kilometres (55.06 sq mi) and the total population of the municipality is 20,543 as of Census of Nepal 2011.

Hatuwagadhi was known as Majh Kirant (kirat Rai’s)   kingdom  before the unification of Nepal by Shah Kings. It was capital of Kirat Kingdom. The ruins of the ancient capital and forts still exist at Hatuwagadhi.

Kirata kingdom
Kirata kingdom in Sanskrit literature and Hindu mythology refers to any kingdom of the Kiratas, who were dwellers mostly in the Himalayas (mostly eastern Himalaya). They took part in the Kurukshetra War along with Parvatas (mountaineers) and other Himalayan tribes.
Pippa Duncan
Pippa Duncan was a captain in the Royal Navy, and an officer in the Women's Royal Naval Service (WRNS). In 1990, she became the first woman to command a Royal Navy shore establishment, other than the WRNS training facility.

Captain (Royal Navy)
Captain (Capt.) is a senior officer rank of the Royal Navy. It ranks above commander and below commodore and has a NATO ranking code of OF-5.  The rank is equivalent to a colonel in the British Army and Royal Marines, and to a group captain in the Royal Air Force.  There are similarly named equivalent ranks in the navies of many other countries.
West Dover, Nova Scotia
West Dover, is a coastal fishing community located in the Halifax Regional Municipality in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia on the Chebucto Peninsula. West Dover is situated between Peggy's Cove and East Dover on Highway 333.

Chebucto Peninsula
The Chebucto Peninsula is a peninsula located in central Nova Scotia, Canada, entirely within the Halifax Regional Municipality on the Atlantic coast.

It is bordered by St. Margarets Bay in the west, the open Atlantic Ocean to the south, and Halifax Harbour (including Bedford Basin) to the east.  The peninsula also includes a sub-peninsula - the Halifax Peninsula.

The majority of the central part of the Chebucto Peninsula is uninhabited and designated a protected wilderness area to prevent encroaching urban sprawl development.
Maria Syrengela
Maria Syrengela (Greek: Μαρία Συρεγγέλα; born 25 December 1975) is a Greek politician serving as a member of the Hellenic Parliament since 2023. She concurrently serves as secretary of New Democracy since 2023, and as a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe since 2023.

Hellenic Parliament
37°58′31″N 23°44′13″E﻿ / ﻿37.97528°N 23.73694°E﻿ / 37.97528; 23.73694

The Parliament of the Hellenes (Greek: Βουλή των Ελλήνων, romanized: Voulí ton Ellínon), commonly known as the Hellenic Parliament (Greek: Ελληνικό Κοινοβούλιο, romanized: Ellinikó Koinovoúlio), is the unicameral legislature of Greece, located in the Old Royal Palace, overlooking Syntagma Square in Athens. The parliament is the supreme democratic institution that represents the citizens through an elected body of Members of Parliament (MPs).

It is a unicameral legislature of 300 members, elected for a four-year term. From 1844–1863 and from 1927–1935, the parliament was bicameral with an upper house (the Senate; Greek: Γερουσία, romanized: Gerousía) and a lower house (the Chamber of Deputies; Βουλή των Αντιπροσώπων, Voulí ton Antiprosópon). Several important Greek statesmen have served as the speaker of the Hellenic Parliament.
Angelina Cabras
Angelina Cabras (23 December 1898 – 19 June 1993) was an Italian mathematician and physicist. She earned degrees in mathematics from the University of Turin in 1924 and in physics from the University of Cagliari in 1927. She obtained a position in mathematical physics at Cagliari, later moving to the institute of theoretical mechanics there. Her research concerned higher dimensional rigid body dynamics, the theory of relativity, and inductance.

She was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1928.

She died in Cagliari in 1993.

Mechanics
Mechanics (from Ancient Greek  μηχανική (mēkhanikḗ) 'of machines') is the area of physics concerned with the relationships between force, matter, and motion among physical objects. Forces applied to objects may result in displacements, which are changes of an object's position relative to its environment.

Theoretical expositions of this branch of physics have their origins in Ancient Greece, for instance, in the writings of Aristotle and Archimedes (see History of classical mechanics and Timeline of classical mechanics). During the early modern period, scientists such as Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, Christiaan Huygens, and Isaac Newton laid the foundation for what is now known as classical mechanics.

In the 20th century the concepts of classical mechanics were challenged by new discoveries, leading to fundamentally new approaches including relativistic mechanics and quantum mechanics.
Léo de Almeida Neves
Léo de Almeida Neves (1932 – 2 November 2020) was a Brazilian politician who served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1966 till 1969 and also from 1982 to 1987.

He later served as a member of the Senate from 1995 to 2003.

Neves died from COVID-19 in São Paulo on 2 November 2020, at the age of 88, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.

Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)
The Chamber of Deputies (Portuguese: Câmara dos Deputados) is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. The chamber comprises 513 deputies, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms. The current president of the chamber is the Deputy Hugo Motta (Republicanos-PB), who was elected on 1 February 2025.
Naphthenic oil
Crude oil is extracted from the bedrock before being processed in several stages, removing natural contaminants and undesirable hydrocarbons. This separation process produces mineral oil, which can in turn be denoted as paraffinic, naphthenic or aromatic. The differences between these different types of oils are not clear-cut, but mainly depend on the predominant hydrocarbon types in the oil. Paraffinic oil, for example, contains primarily higher alkanes, whereas naphthenic oils have a high share of cyclic alkanes in the mixture.

Bedrock
In geology, bedrock is the solid rock that lies under weathered rock and unconsolidated or loose superficial deposits (together known as regolith) in the near surface part of Earth's crust or the crust of another terrestrial planet. The top of the bedrock is known as rockhead.
Salix sericea
Salix sericea, commonly known as silky willow, is a shrub in the Salicaceae family that grows in swamps and along rivers in eastern United States and Canada. It is 2 to 4 m (6.6 to 13.1 ft) tall and has long, thin, purplish twigs.
The leaves are 6–10 cm long, 7–8 mm wide, lanceolate, acuminate, serrulate, dark green and lightly hairy on top, and light green and densely covered with white silky hairs underneath. Mature leaves are glabrous. The petioles are 1 cm long. Catkins are sessile and usually bracteate. S. sericea blooms in May and fruits in June.

Catkin
A catkin or ament is a slim, cylindrical flower cluster (a spike), with inconspicuous or no petals, usually wind-pollinated (anemophilous) but sometimes insect-pollinated (as in Salix). It contains many, usually unisexual flowers, arranged closely along a central stem that is often drooping. Catkins are found in many plant families, including Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Moraceae, and Salicaceae.
Bone metastasis
Bone metastasis, or osseous metastatic disease, is a category of cancer metastases that result from primary tumor invasions into bones. Bone-originating primary tumors such as osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma are rare; the most common bone tumor is a metastasis. Bone metastases can be classified as osteolytic, osteoblastic, or both. Unlike hematologic malignancies which originate in the blood and form non-solid tumors, bone metastases generally arise from epithelial tumors and form a solid mass inside the bone. Primary breast cancer patients are particularly vulnerable to develop bone metastases.  Bone metastases, especially in a state of advanced disease, can cause severe pain, characterized by a dull, constant ache with periodic spikes of incident pain.

Primary tumor
A primary tumor is a tumor growing at the anatomical site where tumor progression began and proceeded to yield a cancerous mass. Most solid cancers develop at their primary site but may then go on to metastasize or spread to other parts of the body. These further tumors are secondary tumors.

Most cancers continue to be called after their primary site, as in breast cancer or lung cancer for example, even after they have spread to other parts of the body. Cancer of unknown primary origin is cancer that is determined to be at the metastatic stage, but a primary tumor cannot be identified.
Iliya Dyakov
Iliya Dyakov (Bulgarian: Илия Дяков; born 29 September 1963) is a Bulgarian former footballer who played as a defender. He was selected for the Bulgaria squad at the 1986 FIFA World Cup but did not play. He did play in the qualifying campaigns for the 1986 tournament, winning 5 caps. In club football, he spent his whole career in his native country, where he represented his hometown club Dobrudzha Dobrich, CSKA Sofia, and Slavia Sofia.

He is married to Paulina Nikolova, a group rhythmic gymnast who competed for Bulgaria and is the 1985 World Group all-around champion. Together they have 3 children, Paola, Denis and Stiliana who is a successful rhythmic gymnast.

1985 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships
1985 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships were held in Valladolid, Spain on October 10–13, 1985.

For the third year in a row, Bulgarian gymnasts swept the competition: the three individual Bulgarian gymnasts won all three all-around medals, and the Bulgarian group won gold. Diliana Georgieva won her second consecutive World title, and Lilia Ignatova won her third consecutive all-around silver medal at the World Championships.
Outline of Senegal
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Senegal:

Senegal – sovereign country located south of the Sénégal River in West Africa.  Senegal is bound by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Mauritania to the north, Mali to the east, and Guinea and Guinea-Bissau to the south.  The Gambia lies almost entirely within Senegal, surrounded on the north, east and south; from its western coast, Gambia's territory follows the Gambia River more than 300 kilometres (190 mi) inland. Dakar is the capital city of Senegal, located on the Cape Verde Peninsula on the country's Atlantic coast.

Telecommunications in Senegal
Telecommunications in Senegal include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet.

In 2012 the country had roughly 338,200 landlines for its 13.0 million inhabitants. A number of cyber cafés are located in the capital, Dakar, and other cities.