hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ole Jacob Malm
Ole Jacob Malm (21 December 1910 – 31 May 2005) was a Norwegian physician. He was born in Kristiania, and was a grandson of Ole Olsen Malm. He was professor of medicine at the University of Oslo and senior consultant at Ullevål Hospital in Oslo from 1964 to 1980. During the Occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany he assumed central positions in the resistance movement, including a period as Secretary General of the Coordination Committee. He was decorated Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav in 1976.

German occupation of Norway
The occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany during the Second World War began on 9 April 1940 after Operation Weserübung. Conventional armed resistance to the German invasion ended on 10 June 1940, and Nazi Germany controlled Norway until the capitulation of German forces in Europe on 8 May 1945. Throughout this period, a pro-German government named Den nasjonale regjering ('the National Government') ruled Norway, while the Norwegian king Haakon VII and the prewar government escaped to London, where they formed a government in exile. Civil rule was effectively assumed by the Reichskommissariat Norwegen (Reich Commissariat of Norway), which acted in collaboration with the pro-German puppet government. This period of military occupation is, in Norway, referred to as the "war years", "occupation period" or simply "the war".
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 73
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 73 (P. Oxy. 73), is a notice of a transfer of property (ἀπογραφή), like P. Oxy. 72.  However in this case the property being transferred is a slave.  The document is written in Greek. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The document was written between 25 July and 28 August 94. Currently it is housed in the John Rylands University Library in Manchester. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.

The letter was addressed to an official.  It mentions that it was drawn up "in the street," which probably means before a public notary. This is a form used in contracts agreed to in the presence of the agoranomus. It was written by Thamounion, daughter of Adrastus, with her husband Dionysius acting as kurios (κύριος). The measurements of the fragment are 227 by 71 mm.

Notary
A notary is a person authorised to perform acts in legal affairs, in particular witnessing signatures on documents. The form that the notarial profession takes varies with local legal systems.

A notary, while a legal professional, is distinct from an advocate in that they do not represent the person who engages their services, or act in contentious matters.
3:44
3:44 is the third studio album by biggest Polish hip-hop group Kaliber 44 released on September 2, 2000, by S.P. Records. The album was promoted with singles "Konfrontacje" and "Rutyny", having peaked at #3 on the Polish OLiS chart. 3:44 earned the Fryderyk award for Album of the Year - rap/hip-hop. The album sold over 100,000 copies in Poland and became a huge success.

OLiS
OLiS (Oficjalna Lista Sprzedaży; English: Official Sales Chart) is the official chart of the 100 highest selling music albums in Poland. The chart exists since 23 October 2000 and is provided by ZPAV.

Until January 2023 the chart consisted of 50 albums, based only on physical sale. Since January 2023 the chart consists of 100 albums and is based on both physical sale (compiled by Kantar Polska) and listeners in four streaming services (compiled by Ranger agency): Spotify, YouTube (including YouTube Music and YouTube Premium), Apple Music and Deezer.
Matton (mythology)
Matton (Ancient Greek: Μάττων) in Greek mythology is a hero of the meal, specifically the kneading of dough.

The 2nd-century author Athenaeus refers to Matton in his Deipnosophistae, saying, "Polemo says that in Munychia a hero is honoured of the name of Acratopotes and that among the Spartans statues of the heroes Matton and Ceraon were erected by some cooks in the hall of the Phiditia."

Deipnosophistae
The Deipnosophistae (Ancient Greek: Δειπνοσοφισταί, Deipnosophistaí, lit. 'The Dinner Sophists', where sophists may be translated more loosely as 'sages, philosophers, experts') is a work written c. 200 AD in Ancient Greek by Athenaeus of Naucratis. It is a long work of literary, historical, and antiquarian references set in Rome at a series of banquets held by the protagonist Publius Livius Larensis for an assembly of grammarians, lexicographers, jurists, musicians, and hangers-on.
Oxidizing and reducing flames
A flame is affected by the fuel introduced and the oxygen available. A flame with a balanced oxygen-fuel ratio is called a neutral flame. The color of a neutral flame is semi-transparent purple or blue.  This flame is optimal for many uses because it does not oxidize or deposit soot onto surfaces.

Soot
Soot (/sʊt/ suut) is a mass of impure carbon particles resulting from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. Soot is considered a hazardous substance with carcinogenic properties. Most broadly, the term includes all the particulate matter produced by this process, including black carbon and residual pyrolysed fuel particles such as coal, cenospheres, charred wood, and petroleum coke classified as cokes or char. It can include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals like mercury.

Soot causes various types of cancer and lung disease.
Volley Amriswil
Lindaren Volley Amriswil is a Swiss professional men's volleyball club based in Amriswil, Switzerland.

The A-grade men's team established itself as a top-tier Swiss team in the early 1990s and has continuously finished the Swiss championships in top ranks ever since.

The men's semi-professional tema club has qualified for and participated in European Cups several times since 1995. Several team members have played on the Swiss national team.

Amriswil
Amriswil (Low Alemannic: Amerschwiil) is a town and a municipality in Arbon District in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland near the Lake Constance.

The official language of Amriswil is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.
Amiga E
Amiga E is a programming language created by Wouter van Oortmerssen on the Amiga computer. The work on the language started in 1991 and was first released in 1993. The original incarnation of Amiga E was being developed until 1997, when the popularity of the Amiga platform dropped significantly after the bankruptcy of Amiga intellectual property owner Escom AG.

According to Wouter van Oortmerssen:

"It is a general-purpose programming language, and the Amiga implementation is specifically targeted at programming system applications. [...]"

In his own words:

"Amiga E was a tremendous success, it became one of the most popular programming languages on the Amiga."

Proprietary software
Proprietary software is software that grants its creator, publisher, or other rightsholder or rightsholder partner a legal monopoly by modern copyright and intellectual property law to exclude the recipient from freely sharing the software or modifying it, and—in some cases, as is the case with some patent-encumbered and EULA-bound software—from making use of the software on their own, thereby restricting their freedoms.

Proprietary software is a subset of non-free software, a term defined in contrast to free and open-source software; non-commercial licenses such as CC BY-NC are not deemed proprietary, but are non-free. Proprietary software may either be closed-source software or source-available software.
The Massacre of the Innocents (Poussin)
The Massacre of the Innocents (French: Le Massacre des Innocents) is a 1625-1632 painting by Nicolas Poussin, showing the Massacre of the Innocents. It was probably commissioned by the Roman collector Vincenzo Giustiniani, probably in memory of the tragic fate of the Giustiniani children taken hostage by the Ottoman Empire in 1564. It remained in the Palazzo Giustiniani until 1804, when it was bought by Lucien Bonaparte. It then passed through several other hands before being bought in London by Henri d'Orleans, Duke of Aumale. It is now in the Musée Condé in Chantilly, France.

Lucien Bonaparte
Lucien Bonaparte, 1st Prince of Canino and Musignano (French pronunciation: [lysjɛ̃ bɔnapaʁt]; born Luciano Buonaparte; 21 May 1775 – 29 June 1840), was a French politician and diplomat of the French Revolution and the Consulate. He served as Minister of the Interior from 1799 to 1800 and as the president of the Council of Five Hundred in 1799.

The third surviving son of Carlo Bonaparte and his wife Letizia Ramolino, Lucien was the younger brother of Napoleon Bonaparte. As president of the Council of Five Hundred, he was one of the participants of the Coup of 18 Brumaire that brought Napoleon to power in France.
Sandwich cookie
A sandwich cookie (US and Canada), also known as a sandwich biscuit (UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa), is a type of cookie made from two cookies with a filling between them. Typically the hard, thin cookies known as biscuits outside North America are used, though some sandwich cookies use softer or thicker cookies. Many types of fillings are used, such as cream, ganache, buttercream, chocolate, cream cheese, jam, peanut butter, lemon curd, or ice cream.

Though they can be homemade, sandwich cookies are typically mass-produced and sold commercially. The sandwich biscuit market in Europe alone is worth over €1.6 billion a year, with Germany a consistently large consumer. Round sandwich biscuit varieties are more popular throughout Europe than squares, while the square varieties are more popular in Southern Europe than in the rest of the continent.

Fruit preserves
Fruit preserves are preparations of fruits whose main preserving agent is sugar and sometimes acid, often stored in glass jars and used as a condiment or spread.

There are many varieties of fruit preserves globally, distinguished by the method of preparation, type of fruit used, and its place in a meal. Sweet fruit preserves such as jams, jellies, and marmalades are often eaten at breakfast with bread or as an ingredient of a pastry or dessert, whereas more savory and acidic preserves made from "vegetable fruits" such as tomato, squash or zucchini, are eaten alongside savory foods such as cheese, cold meats, and curries.
Ryōkami, Saitama
Ryōkami (両神村, Ryōkami-mura) was a village located in Chichibu District, Saitama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 2,920 and a density of 40.88 persons per km2. The total area was 71.42 km2.

On October 1, 2005, Ryōkami was merged into the expanded town of Ogano and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Saitama Prefecture
Saitama Prefecture (埼玉県, Saitama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜi.ta.ma, sai.ta.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Saitama Prefecture has a population of 7,338,536 (January 1, 2020) and has a geographic area of 3,797 km2 (1,466 sq mi). Saitama Prefecture borders Tochigi Prefecture and Gunma Prefecture to the north, Nagano Prefecture to the west, Yamanashi Prefecture to the southwest, Tokyo to the south, Chiba Prefecture to the southeast, and Ibaraki Prefecture to the northeast.

Saitama is the capital and largest city of Saitama Prefecture, with other major cities including Kawaguchi, Kawagoe, and Tokorozawa.
1970 Tangerine Bowl
The 1970 Tangerine Bowl was held on December 28, 1970, at the Tangerine Bowl stadium in Orlando, Florida. The game pitted the #15 AP-ranked Toledo Rockets against the William & Mary Indians (now the Tribe), and ended with a 40–12 victory for the Rockets. This was the 25th playing of the Tangerine Bowl, a former name of what is now called the Citrus Bowl.

Toledo Rockets football
The Toledo Rockets football team is a college football program in Division I FBS, representing the University of Toledo. The Rockets compete in the Mid-American Conference. Toledo began playing football in 1917, although it did not field teams in 1931, 1943, 1944, and 1945. Since the inception of the AP Poll in 1936, Toledo has finished in the Top 25 four times with its highest finish coming in 1970 when it ranked No. 12 after finishing 12–0. Toledo has a 12–11 record in bowl games.
Chogha Gavaneh
The site of Chogha Gavaneh, on two major routes, one between south and central Mesopotamia and Iran and the other between northern Mesopotamia and the Susa are, lies within the modern city of Eslamabad-e Gharb (formerly Harunabad/Shahabad-e Gharb) in Kermanshah Province in Iran and about 60 kilometers west of modern Kermanshah. It was occupied from the Early Neolithic Period to Middle Bronze Age and, after a time of abandonment, in the Islamic period.

Eslamabad-e Gharb
Eslamabad-e Gharb (Persian: اسلام‌آباد غرب) is a city in the Central District of Eslamabad-e Gharb County, Kermanshah province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. It is the second largest city in the province and is known for its oak trees. Prior to the 1979 Iranian Revolution, the city was known as Shahabad-e Gharb.
Margarida Saavedra
Margarida Maria de Moura Alves da Silva de Almeida Saavedra (born 1952) is a Portuguese architect who, in the March 2024 election, was elected to be a deputy in the 16th Legislature of the Third Portuguese Republic. She is a member of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and was elected to represent the Lisbon constituency.

16th Legislature of the Third Portuguese Republic
The 16th Legislature of the Third Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: XVI Legislatura da Terceira República Portuguesa) was a meeting of the Assembly of the Republic, the legislative body of Portugal. It convened on 26 March 2024, with its membership determined by the results of the 2024 Portuguese legislative election held the previous 10 March.

On 11 March 2025, Luís Montenegro's government lost a vote of confidence and fell. On 13 March 2025, the President of the Republic, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, announced the dissolution of the 16th Legislature and called for a snap election for 18 May 2025. The Assembly of the Republic was officially dissolved on 20 March 2025. The Legislature ended on 2 June 2025; it was the shortest of the Third Portuguese Republic.
Dawson County Jail
The Dawson County Jail in Dawsonville, Georgia, also known as Old Dawson County Jail, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.  It was built in 1881 and modified in 1931, 1974, and 1979.  It was built by M.B. McGinty, a builder from Athens, Georgia.

The jail is a two-story 33 feet (10 m) by 26 feet (7.9 m) red brick, Italianate-style building with a hipped roof that used to be covered by "good heart-pine shingles laid 5 inches to the weather".  The exterior walls are 13-inch (0.33 m) thick and its interior walls are 9-inch (0.23 m) thick.

It is the third building to be Dawson County's jail;  the first, built in 1858, was destroyed by fire set by a prisoner in 1865 or 1866.  The second jail, with wooden walls and floors, had a "criminal floor" which was noted in 1873 to be "fine", but the "debtor's floor" was "not secure".

Dawson County, Georgia
Dawson County is a county in the Northeast region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 26,798 up from 22,330 in 2010. The county seat is Dawsonville.

Dawson County is included in the Atlanta metropolitan statistical area. Its natural resources include Amicalola Falls, the highest falls in Georgia and one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the state.
Gedeb Asasa
Gedeb Hassasa is one of the Aanaas in the Oromia of Ethiopia. Part of the West Arsi Zone, Gedeb Hassasa is bordered on the south by the Dodola, on the west by Kofele, on the north west by Kore, and on the north and east by Bekoji. The administrative center of the woreda is Hassasa.

Ulrich Braukämper theorizes that the name "Gedeb" comes from a Hadiya subgroup mentioned in the Royal Chronicle of Zara Yaqob, where they are referred to as the "Gab". Braukämper has argued that the Hadiya kingdom prior to the Great Oromo migration in the 16th century included in this area, presenting a number of facts supporting his argument, as opposed to other experts who argue that it extended to the east.

Gedeb
Gedeb is one of the woredas in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia, named after its major town, Gedeb. Part of the Gedeo Zone, Gedeb is bordered on the east and south by the Oromia Region, on the west by Kochere, on the northwest by Yirgachefe, and on the north by Bule. Gedeb was part of Kochere woreda.
Steve Orcherton
Steve Orcherton (born 1952) is a Canadian politician, who represented the electoral district of Victoria-Hillside in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1996 to 2001. He sat as a member of the New Democratic Party.

He was defeated by only 82 votes in the 2001 provincial election by Sheila Orr, the same candidate he had faced in the 1996 provincial election. In the 2005 provincial election, Orcherton again sought the New Democratic Party nomination in Victoria-Hillside, but lost to Rob Fleming, who defeated Orr in the general election.

Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
The Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (French: Assemblée législative de la Colombie-Britannique) is the deliberative assembly of the Legislature of British Columbia, in the province of British Columbia, Canada. The legislature also includes the lieutenant governor of British Columbia. The assembly has 93 elected members and meets in Victoria. Members are elected from provincial ridings and are referred to as members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.

The current legislature is the 43rd Parliament. The most recent general election was held on October 19, 2024. Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly are broadcast by Hansard Broadcasting Services.
Norman Shepherd
Norman Shepherd (born 1933) is an American theologian who served as associate professor of systematic theology at Westminster Theological Seminary from 1963 to 1981. He later served for almost two decades as a minister in the Christian Reformed Church in North America.

Systematic theology
Systematic theology, or systematics, is a discipline of Christian theology that formulates an orderly, rational, and coherent account of the doctrines of the Christian faith. It addresses issues such as what the Bible teaches about certain topics or what is true about God and God's universe. It also builds on biblical disciplines, church history, as well as biblical and historical theology. Systematic theology shares its systematic tasks with other disciplines such as constructive theology, dogmatics, ethics, apologetics, and philosophy of religion.
HTC U11
The HTC U11 is an Android smartphone manufactured and sold by HTC as part of the HTC U series. It was announced on 16 May 2017 and succeeds the HTC 10 smartphone. In the United States, the HTC U11's major carrier is Sprint; however, it is also compatible with unlocked carriers, such as AT&T, T-Mobile, and Verizon.

On May 23, 2018, HTC presented its successor, the HTC U12+.

Image stabilization
unstabilised

lens-based optical stabilisation

sensor-shift optical stabilisation

digital or electronic stabilisation

Image stabilization (IS) is a family of techniques that reduce blurring associated with the motion of a camera or other imaging device during exposure.

Generally, it compensates for pan and tilt (angular movement, equivalent to yaw and pitch) of the imaging device, though electronic image stabilization can also compensate for rotation about the optical axis (roll). It is mainly used in high-end image-stabilized binoculars, still and video cameras, astronomical telescopes, and also smartphones. With still cameras, camera shake is a particular problem at slow shutter speeds or with long focal length lenses (telephoto or zoom). With video cameras, camera shake causes visible frame-to-frame jitter in the recorded video. In astronomy, the problem of lens shake is added to variation in the atmosphere, which changes the apparent positions of objects over time.
Martijn Wydaeghe
Martijn Wydaeghe (Dutch pronunciation: [mɑrˈtɛiɱ ˈʋidaːxə]; born 1 September 1992) is a Belgian rallying co-driver. He is partnered with Thierry Neuville for Hyundai Motorsport in the World Rally Championship category.

Co-driver
A co-driver is the navigator of a rally car in the sport of rallying, who sits in the front passenger seat. The co-driver's job is to navigate, commonly by reading off a set of pacenotes to the driver (what lies ahead, where to turn, the severity of the turn, and what obstacles to look out for). Some competitions require map interpretation. In stage rallying communication is often over a radio headset, due to the high level of noise in the car. The co-driver also tells the driver about any incidents or accidents that may have occurred further ahead in the stage. This role is particularly critical in high-end rally competitions such as WRC. Co-drivers are also often called on to perform maintenance on the car during road sections and special stages, such as changing a wheel.
The Ex Files
"The Ex Files" is the 22nd episode of the CW television series, Gossip Girl. It was also the fourth episode of the show's second season. The episode was written by Robby Hull and directed by Jim McKay. It originally aired on Monday, September 22, 2008 on the CW.

Jim McKay
James Kenneth McManus (September 24, 1921 – June 7, 2008), better known professionally as Jim McKay, was an American television sports journalist.

McKay was best known for hosting ABC's Wide World of Sports (1961–1998). His introduction for that program has passed into American pop culture, in which viewers were reminded of the show's mission ("Spanning the globe to bring you the constant variety of sports") and what lay ahead ("the thrill of victory and the agony of defeat"). He is also known for television coverage of 12 Olympic Games, and is universally respected for his memorable reporting on the Munich massacre at the 1972 Summer Olympics.

McKay covered a wide variety of special events, including the Olympic Games, horse races such as the Kentucky Derby, golf events such as the British Open, and the Indianapolis 500. McKay's son, Sean McManus, a protégé of Roone Arledge is the former chairman of CBS Sports.
Ispat Stadium
Ispat Stadium is a cricket stadium located in Rourkela, Odisha, India. The ground is mainly used for organizing matches of football, cricket and other sports. The stadium has hosted three Ranji Trophy matches in 1972 when Odisha cricket team played against Bihar cricket team. The stadium also hosted three List A matches from 1990 to 1993  as well as a Youth One Day International in 1990 when India Under-19 cricket team played Pakistan Under-19 cricket team. Up to January 2016 it was again ready to host national and list A matches and it is well maintained stadium.

Odisha cricket team
The Odisha cricket team (known as Orissa until 2011) is a domestic cricket team based in the Indian state of Odisha. It is in the elite group of the Ranji Trophy.

Its main home ground is Barabati Stadium in Cuttack. Home matches are also played at DRIEMS Ground in Cuttack, East Coast Railway Stadium and KIIT Cricket Stadium in Bhubaneswar, and Veer Surendra Sai Stadium in Sambalpur. The Odisha cricket team is selected and governed by the Odisha Cricket Association (OCA).