hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lepidium arbuscula
Lepidium arbuscula is a rare species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common names `anaunau and Waianae Range pepperwort. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known only from the Waianae Mountains on the island of Oahu. In 2003 there were ten populations remaining with fewer than 1000 individuals in total. It is a federally listed endangered species of the US.

This is a shrub growing to a maximum height near 1.2 meters. The leaves are clustered around the ends of the gnarled branches. Little is known about the biology of the species.

It is threatened by the loss and degradation of its habitat, which is mainly due to the presence of feral ungulates such as goats and pigs, and introduced plant species such as fire tree (Morella faya).

Myrica faya
Myrica faya (firetree, faya or haya; syn. Morella faya (Ait.) Wilbur) is a species of Myrica, native to Macaronesia (the Azores, Madeira, and the Canary Islands), and possibly also western coastal mainland Portugal.
Muktar Yahya Najee al-Warafi
Muktar Yahya Najee Al Warafi is a citizen of Yemen who was held in extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Bay detainment camps in Cuba.
The Department of Defense estimate that Al Warafi was born in 1974, in Ta'iz, Yemen.

Muktar Yahya Najee al Warafi was held at Guantanamo from 2002 to January 13, 2016.

Taiz
Taiz (Arabic: تَعِزّ, romanized: Taʿizz) is a city in southwestern Yemen. It is located in the Yemeni highlands, near the port city of Mocha on the Red Sea, at an elevation of about 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) above sea level. It is the capital of Taiz Governorate. As of 2023, the city has an estimated population of approximately 940,600 residents, making it the third largest city in Yemen.
College Park–Bethesda Line
The College Park–Bethesda Line, designated Route J4, was a rush hour-only MetroExtra bus route operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority between the College Park–University of Maryland station of the Green and Yellow Lines of the Washington Metro and Bethesda station of the Red Line of the Washington Metro. The J4 operated throughout the neighborhoods in Prince George's and Montgomery counties in Maryland.

Red Line (Washington Metro)
The Red Line is a rapid transit line of the Washington Metro system, consisting of 27 stations in Montgomery County, Maryland, and Washington, D.C., in the United States. It is a primary line through downtown Washington and the oldest and busiest line in the system. It forms a long, narrow "U," capped by its terminal stations at Shady Grove and Glenmont.

Trains run every 4–5 minutes during weekday rush hours, every 6 minutes during weekday off-peak hours and weekends, and every 10 minutes daily after 9:30pm.

The Red Line is the only line in the system that does not share its tracks with another Metrorail line. However, it operates parallel to CSX Transportation freight trains along the railroad's Metropolitan Subdivision from the D.C. neighborhood of Brentwood north past Silver Spring, Maryland, and from Twinbrook to its terminus at Shady Grove.
APALA
APALA or Apala could refer to:

Apala, a music genre associated with the Yoruba people of Nigeria

Apala Majumdar, British mathematician

Asian Pacific American Labor Alliance, a trade union organization

Asian Pacific American Librarians Association, an affiliate of the American Library Association

Conocybe apala, a basidiomycete fungus and a member of the genus Conocybe

Asian Pacific American Librarians Association
The Asian Pacific American Librarians Association (APALA), also known as the Asian/Pacific American Librarians Association, is an affiliate of the American Library Association (ALA). It was created to "address the needs of Asian/Pacific American librarians and those who serve Asian/Pacific American communities."
Ethiopian Mapping Agency
The Ethiopian Mapping Agency (EMA) is an Ethiopian government agency, a department within the Ministry of Finance and Cooperation, that is responsible for cartographic mapping and remote sensing activities in Ethiopia. The EMA has expanded its operation to include a comprehensive map revision program in addition to various phases of digital mapping and information technology.

Federal government of Ethiopia
The federal government of Ethiopia (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ መንግሥት, romanized: Ye-Ītyōṗṗyā mängəst) is structured in a framework of a federal parliamentary republic, whereby the prime minister is the head of government. Executive power is exercised by the federal government. The prime minister is chosen by the lower chamber of the Federal Parliamentary Assembly. Federal legislative power is vested in both the federal government and the two chambers of parliament. The judiciary is more or less independent of the executive and the legislature. They are governed under the 1995 Constitution of Ethiopia. There is a bicameral parliament made of the 108-seat House of Federation and the 547-seat House of Peoples' Representatives. The House of Federation has members chosen by the regional councils to serve five-year terms. The House of Peoples' Representatives is elected by direct election, who in turn elect the president for a six-year term.
Vladimir Ashkenazy
Vladimir Davidovich Ashkenazy (Russian: Влади́мир Дави́дович Ашкена́зи, tr. Vladimir Davidovich Ashkenazi; born 6 July 1937) is a Soviet-born Icelandic pianist, chamber music performer, and conductor. Ashkenazy has collaborated with well-known orchestras and soloists. In addition, he has recorded a large repertoire of classical and romantic works. His recordings have earned him seven Grammy Awards and he has been awarded three stages of Iceland's Order of the Falcon for his overall contribution to music.

Gramophone Classical Music Awards
The Gramophone Classical Music Awards, launched in 1977, are one of the most significant honours bestowed on recordings in the classical record industry. The British awards are often viewed as equivalent to or surpassing the American Grammy Awards, and referred to as the Oscars for classical music. They are widely regarded as the most influential and prestigious classical music awards in the world. According to Matthew Owen, national sales manager for Harmonia Mundi USA, "ultimately it is the classical award, especially worldwide."

The winners are selected annually by critics for the Gramophone magazine and various members of the industry, including retailers, broadcasters, arts administrators, and musicians. Awards are usually presented in September each year in London.
Home Sweet Home (1982 film)
Home Sweet Home is a 1982 television film devised and directed by Mike Leigh, for the BBC, 'about postmen, parenthood, social workers and sex.' It was Leigh's second collaboration with Play for Today producer Louis Marks, and cinematographer Remi Adefarasin, (after Grown-Ups), and with composer Carl Davis – the musical score featured a quartet of basses – (Davis had also provided the music for 1977s The Kiss of Death). It stars Timothy Spall (working with Leigh for the first time), Eric Richard, Tim Barker, Kay Stonham, Su Elliot, Frances Barber, Sheila Kelley, and Lorraine Brunning. It was first broadcast on 16 March 1982. The film was shot on location in Hitchin, Hertfordshire and has a 90 minutes duration.

Carl Davis
Carl Davis (October 28, 1936 – August 3, 2023) was an American-born British conductor and composer. He wrote music for more than 100 television programmes, notably the landmark ITV series The World at War (1973) and BBC's Pride and Prejudice (1995), and he created new scores for concert and cinema performances of vintage silent movies and composed many film, ballet and concert scores that were performed worldwide, including the Liverpool Oratorio in 1991, in collaboration with Paul McCartney. Davis's publisher was Faber Music.
Furuflaten
Furuflaten (Norwegian), Vuošvággi (Northern Sami), or Vuosvankka (Kven) is a village in Lyngen Municipality in Troms county, Norway. The village is located along the Lyngen fjord. Furuflaten is located at the mouth of the Lyngsdalselva river, about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south of the village of Lyngseidet and about 54 kilometres (34 mi) straight southeast of the city of Tromsø.

The 0.42-square-kilometre (100-acre) village has a population (2023) of 240 and a population density of 571 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,480/sq mi).

Troms
Troms (Norwegian: [trʊms] ⓘ; Northern Sami: Romsa; Kven: Tromssa; Finnish: Tromssa) is a  county in northern Norway. It borders Finnmark county to the northeast and Nordland county in the southwest. Norrbotten Län in Sweden is located to the south and further southeast is a shorter border with Lapland Province in Finland. To the west is the Norwegian Sea (Atlantic Ocean). The county had a population of 169,610 in 2024.

The entire county, which was established in 1866, is located north of the Arctic Circle. The Troms County Municipality is the governing body for the county, elected by the people of Troms, while the Troms county governor is a representative of the King and Government of Norway.

From January 2020 to December 2023, Troms was merged with the neighboring Finnmark county to create the new Troms og Finnmark county. This merger was reversed by the government resulting from the 2021 Norwegian parliamentary election.
Prelestnoye
Prelestnoye (Russian: Прелестное) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Prelestnenskoye Rural Settlement, Prokhorovsky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 892 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

Prokhorovsky District
Prokhorovsky District (Russian: Про́хоровский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Belgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Prokhorovsky Municipal District. It is located in the north of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,378.7 square kilometers (532.3 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a settlement) of Prokhorovka. Population: 27,106 (2021 Census); 30,094 (2010 Census); 31,847 (2002 Census); 29,505 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Prokhorovka accounts for 36.1% of the district's total population.
Ercan Muslu
Ercan Muslu (born 1 December 1988 in Sungurbeyli, Gümüşhane) is a long-distance runner from Turkey competing in marathon and mountain running.

He was born in 1988 in Sungurbeyli village (formerly Kuşyuva) of Gümüşhane. After completing the Commerce Vocational High School for Commerce in his hometown, he attended Erciyes University in Kayseri, where he is studying Physical Education and Sports.

In 2012, he became gold medalist in the marathon event at the Balkan Championship in Belgrade, Serbia. The same year, he took the bronze medal at the Balkan Mountain Running Champşonships on 7 June in Nova Zagora, Bulgaria. At the 2012 European Mountain Running Championships held on 7 July in Denizli, Turkey, Muslu won the silver medal after six-time gold medalist Ahmet Arslan.

Mountain running
Mountain running is a sports discipline which takes place mainly off-road in mountainous terrain, but if there is significant elevation gain on the route, surfaced roads may be used. In this it differs from fell running; its courses are more clearly marked and avoid dangerous sections. It is a form of trail running if it is run on unpaved surfaces. Mountain running is a combination of running, jogging, and walking, depending on how steep the trail is.

It is recognized by World Athletics and governed by the World Mountain Running Association, which has been organising world championships since 1985.
Yılanca, Polateli
Yılanca is a village in the Polateli District, Kilis Province, Turkey. The village had a population of 568 in 2022.

In late 19th century, German orientalist Martin Hartmann listed the village as a settlement of 10 houses inhabited by Turks.

Martin Hartmann
Martin Hartmann (9 December 1851, Breslau – 5 December 1918, Berlin) was a German orientalist, who specialized in Islamic studies.

In 1875, he received his doctorate at the University of Leipzig as a student of Heinrich Leberecht Fleischer. From 1876 to 1887 he served as a dragoman at the German General Consulate in Beirut. From 1887 until his death in 1918 he taught classes at the Department of Oriental Languages in Berlin.

As a professor in Berlin he strove hard for the recognition of Islamic studies as an independent discipline. His numerous contributions to the field of Islamic studies were based on a sociological standpoint. Many of these works were published in the journal "Die Welt des Islams" (The World of Islam), a publication of the "Deutsche Gesellschaft für Islamkunde", an organization that Hartmann was a co-founder of in 1912.
Gary Grey
Gareth Owen Grey (born 29 September 1947) is an Australian former rugby union international.

Grey was born in Kiama, New South Wales and educated at Hurlstone Agricultural College.

A diminutive scrum-half, Grey gained five caps for the Wallabies. He was on the 1971 tour of France, but all his caps came the following year, debuting off the bench against France at Ballymore. His positional rival John Hipwell was a withdrawal from the tour of New Zealand that followed, giving Grey an opportunity to start all three Tests, before he made his final Wallabies appearance in a win over Fiji in Suva. He was a late call up for the 1975–76 tour of Britain and Ireland.

Grey was a dairy farmer by trade.

Kiama, New South Wales
Kiama (/kaɪæmə/) is a coastal town 120 kilometres south of Sydney in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. One of the main tourist attractions is the Kiama Blowhole. Kiama features several popular surfing beaches and caravan parks, and numerous alfresco cafes and restaurants. Its proximity to the south of Sydney makes it an attractive destination for many day-trippers and weekenders. Kiama also has historically been a farming and agricultural centre. Even to today it maintains a country and agricultural community with a weekly farmers markets held on Wednesday afternoons.
1983 Guinea earthquake
On December 22, 1983, an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.3 struck northern Guinea, killing around 300 people, and injuring 1,500. Around 200 people went missing.  An earthquake of this magnitude was unusual for this region of West Africa, which was previously believed by most seismologists to be aseismic. The earthquake destroyed 5,000 houses. It had an intensity of IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale, although USGS reported it as VIII (Severe). The earthquake caused cracks in the ground, and an entire cavern to collapse.

Aseismic creep
In geology, aseismic creep or fault creep is measurable surface displacement along a fault in the absence of notable earthquakes. Aseismic creep may also occur as "after-slip" days to years after an earthquake. Notable examples of aseismic slip include faults in California (e.g. Calaveras Fault, Hayward Fault, and San Andreas Fault).
Temple of Fortuna Muliebris
The Temple of Fortuna Muliebris was a temple in ancient Rome dedicated by Proculus Verginius Tricostus Rutilus in 486 BC to the goddess Fortuna and located at the fourth milestone of the Via Latina. It was founded on behalf of the Roman women who opposed the war of Gaius Marcius Coriolanus and the Volsci against Rome, commemorating their role in ending Coriolanus' advance on the city. The temple was dedicated in 486 BCE after the war and was formally founded in 493 BCE. Aside from some inscriptions recording restoration work in the Roman imperial period, no remains of the temple exist and the date it went into disuse is unknown.

Volsci
The Volsci (UK: /ˈvɒlskiː/, US: /ˈvɔːl-, ˈvɒlsaɪ, -siː/, Latin: [ˈwɔɫskiː]) were an Italic tribe, well known in the history of the first century of the Roman Republic. At the time they inhabited the partly hilly, partly marshy district of the south of Latium, bounded by the Aurunci and Samnites on the south, the Hernici on the east, and stretching roughly from Norba and Cora in the north to Antium in the south. Rivals of Rome for several hundred years, their territories were taken over by and assimilated into the growing republic by 304 BC. Rome's first emperor Augustus was of Volscian descent.
Neil Snyman
Neil Martin Snyman (born March 4, 1963, Prieska, Cape Province) is a former Boland and Western Province cricketer.  A portly right-hand batsman with an occasional off-break, he featured in 27 first-class and eighteen List-A limited overs matches between the 1982/83 and 1992/93 South African seasons.  At the former level of the game, he hit 1,612 runs at an average of 31.60 with three centuries, including a highest score of 137; at the latter, he could manage only 308 at 17.11 with a highest of 54, one of three half-centuries.

Boland cricket team
The Boland cricket team is a first-class cricket team that nominally represents the Boland region, in the South African province of Western Cape, in the CSA Provincial Competitions. The team is selected and supported by the Boland Cricket Board (BCB) and plays its home games at Boland Park in Paarl. At organisational level, the BCB is responsible for the administration and development of cricket in the region and among its primary functions are management and promotion of the Boland team. The current BCB was founded in 1992 as a merger between the Boland Cricket Union and an earlier Boland Cricket Board.
Kudumbam Namukku Sreekovil
Kudumbam Namukku Sreekovil is a 1978 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Hariharan and produced by T. E. Vasudevan. The film stars Prem Nazir, Adoor Bhasi, Jose Prakash and Sankaradi in the lead roles. The film has musical score by V. Dakshinamoorthy.

Hariharan (director)
Hariharan is an Indian film director who has directed over 50 Malayalam films. His movies mainly revolve around the cultural and relational aspects of a typical Keralite society. His most notable works include  Sharapancharam (1979), Panchagni (1986), Idavazhiyile Poocha Mindappoocha (1979), Amrutham Gamaya (1987), Oru Vadakkan Veeragatha (1989), Sargam (1992), Parinayam (1994) and Pazhassi Raja (2009) which has won him wide critical acclaim. In 2019, he was awarded the J. C. Daniel Award, Kerala government's highest honour for contributions to Malayalam cinema.
Manfredi Lefebvre d'Ovidio
Manfredi Lefebvre d'Ovidio de Clunieres di Balsorano (born 30 April 1953) is an Italian–Monegasque billionaire businessman. He is the former Executive Chairman of Silversea Cruises, a company founded by his father. In June 2018, he sold two-thirds of the company to Royal Caribbean for US$1 billion, retaining a one-third stake in the company.

Currently he is the Executive Chairman of Abercrombie & Kent Travel Group, the travel conglomerate that owns Abercrombie & Kent, Crystal Cruises, Ecoventura Galapagos, Cox & Kings.

As of February 2026, Forbes estimated his net worth at $2.3 billion.

Billionaire
A billionaire is a person whose net worth is at least one billion units of a given currency, typically USD. It is a sub-category of the concept of the ultra high-net-worth individual. The American business magazine Forbes produces a global list of known U.S. dollar billionaires every year and updates an internet version of this list in real time. The American oil magnate John D. Rockefeller became the world's first confirmed billionaire in 1916.

Nineteen individuals had attained the status of centibillionaires, each with a net worth of at least $100 billion, as of January 2026. As of March 2025, there are 3028 billionaires worldwide, with a combined wealth of over $16.1 trillion, up nearly $2 trillion over 2024.
Anna McGann
Anna McGann (born 4 June 1998) is an Irish international rugby union player from Athlone. She plays at centre or wing for the Clovers in the Celtic Challenge, the Ireland women's national rugby union team and the Irish National 7s team

Athlone
Athlone (/æθˈloʊn/; Irish: Baile Átha Luain, meaning 'The town of Luan's ford' [ˌbʲlʲɑː ˈl̪ˠuənʲ]) is a town on the border of County Roscommon and County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located on the River Shannon near the southern shore of Lough Ree. It is the second most populous town in the Midlands Region with a population of 22,869 in the 2022 census.

Most of the town lies on the east bank of the river, within the townland of the same name; however, by the terms of the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898, six townlands on the west bank of the Shannon, formerly in County Roscommon, were incorporated into the town, and consequently, into the county of Westmeath.

Around 100 km west of Dublin, Athlone is near the geographical centre of Ireland.
Bernard Kipyego
Bernard Kiprop Kipyego (born 16 July 1986 in Keiyo District) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who competes in the marathon. His personal best for the event is 2:06:22 hours. He has reached the podium at the Amsterdam Marathon, Chicago Marathon, Boston Marathon, Paris Marathon and Tokyo Marathon.

He was the bronze medallist at the 2007 IAAF World Cross Country Championships and took the silver medal at the 2009 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships.

Amsterdam Marathon
The Amsterdam Marathon, currently branded as TCS Amsterdam Marathon, is an annual marathon (42.195 km) in Amsterdam in the Netherlands since 1975. The road race has a Platinum Label from World Athletics. The race weekend also offers a half marathon race (21.097 km) and an 7.5 km race in the program.

The current men's course record is 2:03:31 (h:m:s) set by Geoffrey Toroitich in 2025 and the current women's course record is 2:16:52 set by Yalemzerf Yehualaw in 2024.

Gerard Nijboer won this marathon four times, more than any other runner, in the 1980s. After him, Wilson Chebet has won three races in the 2010s.

The race celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2025.
Tayan Nuur mine
The Tayan Nuur mine (Mongolian: Таян Нуур) is an open-pit iron ore mining project in Tseel district within the Govi-Altai Province of Mongolia, approximately 162 kilometres (146 mi) south of the Gobi Altai Province capital Altai. The site was discovered in 2006, and is being developed by Altain Khuder LLC of Mongolia, a Mongolian-registered mining and mineral exploration company. Since its initial drilling exploration, Altain Khuder LLC developed Tayan Nuur mine into one of the leading iron ore mines in Mongolia. Tayan Nuur mine produces over 60% Fe grade iron ore concentrates and exports it to steel mills in China.

Open-pit mining
Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining, is a surface mining technique that extracts rock or minerals from the earth.

Open-pit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful ore or rocks are found near the surface where the overburden is relatively thin. In contrast, deeper mineral deposits can be reached using underground mining.

This form of mining carries several risks to the health and safety of miners, and can have a significant negative impact on the environment.
Dahlonega Gold Museum Historic Site
The Dahlonega Gold Museum Historic Site is a Georgia state historic site located in Dahlonega that commemorates America's first gold rush and the mining history of Lumpkin County. The museum is housed in the historic Old Lumpkin County Courthouse built in 1836 and located in the center of the town square. It is the oldest surviving county courthouse in the state. The museum houses many artifacts from the gold rush of 1836, including gold nuggets, gold coins, and gold panning equipment, as well as an educational film and gift shop.

Gift shop
A gift shop or souvenir shop is a store primarily selling souvenirs, memorabilia, and other items relating to a particular topic or theme. The items sold often include coffee mugs, stuffed animals, toys, t-shirts, postcards, handmade collections and other souvenirs, intended to be kept by the buyer as a memento of their visit, or given to another as a gift.

Gift shops are normally found in areas visited by many tourists. Hotels and motels often feature a gift shop near their entrance. Venues such as zoos, aquariums, national parks, theme parks, and museums have their own gift shops as well; in some cases, these shops sell items of higher value than gift shops not associated with a venue, as well as trinkets. These stores are sometimes a source of financial support for educational institutions.