hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pyrenochaeta terrestris
Pyrenochaeta terrestris is a fungal plant pathogen that infects maize, sweet potatoes, and strawberries. This plant pathogen causes a disease in onion (Allium cepa) that is commonly called pink root. P. terrestris is also known to infect shallots, garlic, leeks, chives, cantaloupe, carrots, cauliflower, cowpea, cucumbers, eggplants, lima beans, millet, oats, peas, peppers, potatoes, spinach, sugarcane, and tomatoes.

Cauliflower
Cauliflower is one of several vegetables cultivated from the species Brassica oleracea in the genus Brassica, which is in the Brassicaceae (or mustard) family. Cauliflower usually grows with one main stem that carries a large, rounded "head" made of tightly clustered, immature white or off-white flower buds called the "curd". Typically, only the "head" is eaten.

An annual plant that reproduces by seed, the cauliflower head is composed of a (generally) white inflorescence meristem. Although cauliflower heads resemble those in broccoli, the latter differs in having flower buds as the edible portion.

The global cauliflower production (combined with broccoli) in 2023 was 26.5 million tonnes, led by China and India with 72% of the total.
Air Mekong
Mekong Aviation Joint Stock Company (Vietnamese: Công ty Cổ phần Hàng không Mê Kông), doing business as Air Mekong, was a short-lived airline from Vietnam which operated scheduled passenger flights from its main hub at the now-closed Duong Dong Airport in Phu Quoc and secondary hubs at Noi Bai International Airport in Hanoi and Tan Son Nhat International Airport in Ho Chi Minh City. Its headquarters were located in Phú Quốc, Kiên Giang Province. It was established in 2009 and flight operations were launched on 9 October 2010. This was the third privately owned airline of Vietnam, after Indochina Airlines (defunct as of 2009), and VietJet Air. Air Mekong leased four Bombardier CRJ 900 aircraft from SkyWest Airlines, each equipped with 90 seats in both business and economy classes. In 2011, Air Mekong operated 10,750 flights and carried about 710,000 passengers.

Air Mekong is a member of BIM Group. Other shareholders are SkyWest, Inc. ,Air Mekong Company, Inc. and Eximbank.

Duong Dong Airport
Phu Quoc Airport (IATA: PQC, ICAO: VVPQ) (Vietnamese: Sân bay Phú Quốc), also known as Duong Dong Airport (Vietnamese: Sân bay Dương Đông), was an airport located in Dương Đông town, Phú Quốc, Kiên Giang Province, Vietnam. It was located 300 km from Tan Son Nhat International Airport (Ho Chi Minh City), 130 km from Rạch Giá, 190 km from Cần Thơ, 200 km from Cà Mau and 540 km from Lien Khuong.

Due to the economic development of the island and continuous increase in passengers, a new airport project was constructed and built in an area of 8 square kilometers on Phú Quốc island at a cost of US$970 million. Upon completion, the airport had a paved runway of 3000 m x 50 m, capable of handling large aircraft like the Boeing 747. The new airport has a capacity of 7 million passengers per year.

On 2 December 2012, Phu Quoc Airport was closed and replaced by the new Phu Quoc International Airport.
Alessandro Vita Kouzkin
Alessandro Vita Kouzkin (Russian: Алессандро Вита Кузькин; born 3 September 1992 in Rome, Italy) is a Russian-Italian race car driver. He is the son of Ernesto Vita, who was the owner of the hapless Life Formula One team, which failed to pre-qualify on all fourteen attempts in 1990.

Life Racing Engines
Life was a Formula One constructor from Modena, Italy. The company was named for its founder, Ernesto Vita ("Vita" is Italian for "Life"). Life first emerged on the Formula One scene in 1990, trying to market their unconventional W12 3.5-litre engine.

The team had a disastrous single season, and failed to make the grid in all 14 attempted starts during the 1990 season, often clocking in laps many seconds slower than their next competitor.
RepoForge
RepoForge (formerly RPMforge) is a repository of software packages for Red Hat Enterprise Linux and derivatives such as CentOS and Scientific Linux. It provides many packages in the rpm package format to these distributions.
RepoForge also has many RPM packages available for old distributions like Red Hat 6 and earlier, after they are no longer supported by their vendors. Their repository can be accessed via package management products like apt-get and yum; up2date does not work any more due to expired SSL keys.

RepoForge is "dead" since July 2016 in the sense that no development occurs (this process started long before that with the introduction of the EPEL (Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux) repositories), but it is still accessible on the Web. Large parts have also been archived elsewhere.

Nowadays system is outdated and new updates were uploaded for a long time

Scientific Linux
Scientific Linux (SL) is a discontinued Linux distribution produced by Fermilab, CERN, DESY and by ETH Zurich. It is a free and open-source operating system based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

This product is derived from the free and open-source software made available by Red Hat, but is not produced, maintained or supported by them.

In April 2019, it was announced that feature development for Scientific Linux would be discontinued, but that maintenance will continue to be provided for the 6.x and 7.x releases through the end of their life cycles. Fermilab and CERN will utilize CentOS Stream and AlmaLinux for their deployment of 8.x release instead.
The History of Rome
The History of Rome can refer to:

History of Rome (Livy) (Ab urbe condita, "From the Founding of the City"), a 1st century BCE work by Livy

The History of Rome (Mommsen) (Römische Geschichte), an 1854–1856 multi-volume work by historian Theodor Mommsen

The History of Rome (podcast), a 2007–2012 podcast created by Mike Duncan

The History of Rome (Mommsen)
The History of Rome (German: Römische Geschichte) is a multi-volume history of ancient Rome written by Theodor Mommsen (1817–1903). Originally published by Reimer & Hirzel, Leipzig, as three volumes during 1854–1856, the work dealt with the Roman Republic. A subsequent book was issued which concerned the provinces of the Roman Empire. In 1992, a further book on the Empire, reconstructed from lecture notes, was published. The initial three volumes won widespread acclaim upon publication; indeed, "The Roman History made Mommsen famous in a day."  Still read and qualifiedly cited, it is the prolific Mommsen's most well-known work. The work was specifically cited when Mommsen was awarded the Nobel Prize.
Dennis Marcellino
Dennis Marcellino (January 17, 1948 - May 21, 2022) was an American musician, speaker, and author of psychology, philosophy, theology, and politics. He was a member of several prominent bands during the mid-20th century, including The Tokens, Sly and The Family Stone, The Elvin Bishop Group and Rubicon. He had a number of CD releases under his name, including a jazz album with Mario Stefani titled An Evening to Remember.

Mario Stefani
Mario Stefani (1938 – 4 March 2001) was an Italian poet.

Stefani was openly gay, and his poetry was some of the first Italian poetry to explore homosexuality. A selection of his poetry was translated into English by Anthony Reid and published in 1982 as No Other Gods.

Alongside his poetry, Stefani taught classes in literature and wrote literary and art reviews. He also presented a popular unscripted television show.

In 2001, graffiti began appearing around Venice, featuring a quote of Stefani's: "Loneliness is not being alone; it's loving others to no avail". A month later, Stefani hanged himself in his kitchen. His $1 million estate was left to a fruit vendor whose young daughter had inspired his work.

Details of his life were retold in John Berendt's 2005 book The City of Falling Angels.
Kiran Bishnoi
Kiran Bishnoi, also known as Kiran Godara, is a freestyle wrestler from India. She was a bronze medalist at the 2018 Commonwealth Games. She has also been gold medallist at the Commonwealth Wrestling Championships in 2017. She won a bronze medal at the 2022 Asian Games.

Commonwealth Wrestling Championships
The Commonwealth Wrestling Championships is an international wrestling championship for the members of the Commonwealth of Nations. They are organized by United World Wrestling's (UWW) Commonwealth Wrestling Committee.
PGC 13809
PGC 13809 is a spiral, almost edge-on galaxy in the constellation Fornax.  It was discovered by the European Southern Observatory and it is a member of the Fornax Cluster.

PGC 13809 has a Hubble classification of Sc, indicating it is an unbarred spiral galaxy with loose spiral arms. It is also seen nearly edge-on, with an angle of about ≈80 degrees (≈80°). Its size on the night sky is 4.8' x 0.8', indicating a real size of about 90,000 light-years, so PGC 13809 is slightly smaller than the Milky Way. It is also one of the larger galaxies in the Fornax Cluster, a cluster of 200 galaxies. Its magnitude is 12.6.

With a redshift of 1838 km/s, it is one of the faster moving galaxies in the Fornax Cluster, but it is close to the central giant elliptical galaxy NGC 1399, so gravitational reaction is possible.

Hubble sequence
The Hubble sequence is a morphological classification scheme for galaxies published by Edwin Hubble in 1926. It is often colloquially known as the Hubble tuning-fork diagram because the shape in which it is traditionally represented resembles a tuning fork.
It was invented by John Henry Reynolds and Sir James Jeans.

The tuning fork scheme divided regular galaxies into three broad classes – ellipticals, lenticulars and spirals – based on their visual appearance (originally on photographic plates). A fourth class contains galaxies with an irregular appearance. The Hubble sequence is the most commonly used system for classifying galaxies, both in professional astronomical research and in amateur astronomy.
Soo Joo Park
Soo Joo Park (born Park Suju; March 26, 1986) is an American fashion model and musician. She became the first Asian-American woman to be a L'Oréal spokesmodel. She is also known for her work with Chanel and is a Global Ambassador for the brand.

L'Oréal
L'Oréal S.A. (French: [lɔʁe.al]) is a French multinational personal care corporation registered in Paris and headquartered in Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine. As of 2024, it is the world's largest cosmetics company. As of the early 2020s, L'Oréal owned 36 brands and 497 patents.
Feffer
Feffer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Feffer (born 1956), Brazilian businessman

Henry Feffer (1918–2011), American neurosurgeon

Itzik Feffer (1900–1952), Soviet Yiddish poet

John Feffer, American author and political analyst

Leon Feffer (1902–1999), Brazilian businessman

Itzik Feffer
Itzik Feffer (10 September 1900 – 12 August 1952), also Fefer (Yiddish איציק פֿעפֿער, Russian Ицик Фефер, Исаàк Соломòнович Фèфер) was a Soviet Yiddish poet executed on the Night of the Murdered Poets during Joseph Stalin's late purges.
Metallothionein 2A
Metallothionein-2 is a metallothionein protein that in humans is encoded by the MT2A gene.

The single-nucleotide polymorphism rs28366003 which substitutes guanine for adenine in MT2A is associated with certain cancers and some chronic diseases.

Guanine
Guanine (/ˈɡwɑːniːn/ ⓘ) (symbol G or Gua) is one of the four main nucleotide bases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA, the others being adenine, cytosine, and thymine (uracil in RNA). In DNA, guanine is paired with cytosine. The guanine nucleoside is called guanosine.

With the formula C5H5N5O, guanine is a derivative of purine, consisting of a fused pyrimidine-imidazole ring system with conjugated double bonds. This unsaturated arrangement means the bicyclic molecule is planar.
Damon Kaui
Damon Apanui Kaui (born 23 October 1971) is a New Zealand former professional rugby union player.

A fullback and winger, Kaui represented the New Zealand Development team and New Zealand Colts early in his career, then later earned trials with New Zealand Maori.

Kaui was an experienced player with Bay of Plenty by the time he got picked to play fullback for the Crusaders in the 1996 Super 12 season and scored two tries on his competition debut against the Bulls at Lancaster Park. The following year, Kaui linked up with the Chiefs, where he was used off the bench.

Due to disciplinary reasons, Kaui was dropped by the Bay of Plenty after 1998 and competed briefly with Hawke's Bay, before gaining a recall to the Steamers side in 2003, allowing him to bring up his 100th appearance.

Bay of Plenty Rugby Union
The Bay of Plenty Rugby Union (also referred to as "Bay of Plenty" or "BOPRU") is the governing body for rugby union in a portion of the Bay of Plenty Region of New Zealand. Its colours are dark blue and yellow in a hooped design. The BOPRU govern the running of the Bay of Plenty representative team which have won New Zealand's first-tier domestic competition National Provincial Championship (Air New Zealand Cup and ITM Cup) once. Their most recent victory was the 1976 competition, they were the first side to win the competition. Bay of Plenty also acts as a primary feeder to the Chiefs, who play in the Super Rugby competition.

The union also administers all club rugby within the region, including the Bayfair Baywide competition and other senior club rugby. The union is also responsible for school rugby.
Mount Jitchu Drake
Jichu Drake (pronounced drah kay) is a mountain in Bhutan among the Himalayas, and a companion peak to Mount Jomolhari. Its height is given variously as 6714m, 6789m, 6797m, 6970m or 6989m by various sources. Jitchu Drake has a double summit, with the lower summit to the south.

Jitchu Drakye is the Tutelary deity of Paro and its environs.
It is also known as Kungphu or Ts(h)erim Kang, Shumkang, Jichi Dak Keth (meaning ‘sparrow rock sound’), Tseringegang or Tsheringme Gang (snows of the goddess of long life.

A local story is that the double peak originated because Jitch Drake teased a young girl while she was weaving, resulting in her hitting Jitchu Drake on the head with the tham (the piece of wood used to beat a new line of weft weaved), producing the double peak.

Latest edition:
Bart Jordans - Trekking in Bhutan 2018 Cicerone Press

Tutelary deity
A tutelary (/ˈtjuːtəlɛri/; also tutelar) is a deity or a spirit who is a guardian, patron, or protector of a particular place, geographic feature, person, lineage, nation, culture, or occupation. The etymology of "tutelary" expresses the concept of safety and thus of guardianship.

In late Greek and Roman religion, one type of tutelary deity, the genius, functions as the personal deity or daimon of an individual from birth to death. Another form of personal tutelary spirit is the familiar spirit of European folklore.
Czarna Hańcza
The Czarna Hańcza, Chornaya Hancha (Belarusian: Чорная Ганча) is the largest river of the Suwałki Region of north-eastern Poland and the Sapockin region of north-western Belarus. It is known for having large postglacial boulders. Originating near Lake Hańcza (the deepest lake in Poland with the maximum depth of 108.5 m) and flowing through lake Hańcza and Wigry Lake (the location of Wigry National Park), the Czarna Hańcza is a tributary of the river Neman beyond the borders of Belarus and Lithuania. It flows through the city of Suwałki.

Suwałki Region
Suwałki Region (Polish: Suwalszczyzna[a] [suvalʂt͡ʂɨzna] ⓘ; Lithuanian: Suvalkų kraštas, Suvalkija) is a historical region around the city of Suwałki in northeastern Poland near the border with Lithuania. It encompasses the powiats of Augustów, Suwałki, and Sejny, and roughly corresponds to the southern part of the former Suwałki Governorate.

The region was disputed between Poland and Lithuania after their re-emergence as independent states following World War I. This dispute along with the Vilnius question was the cause of the Polish–Lithuanian War and the Sejny Uprising. The area has since been part of Poland, with the exception of the German and Soviet occupation during World War II. The Suwałki Region remains as the center of the Lithuanian minority in Poland.
Imam al-Houari Mosque
The Imam al-Houari Mosque (Arabic: مسجد الامام الهواري; French: Mosquée imam el-Houari), also known as the Imam Sidi el-Houari Mosque and as the Bey Mohamed Othman Al Kabir Mosque (مسجد بك محمد عثمان الكبير; Mosquée Bey Mohamed Othman El-Kébir) after Baba Mohammed ben-Osman, the Dey of the Deylik of Algiers, is a Sunni mosque located in Oran, Algeria.

Baba Mohammed ben-Osman
Baba Mohammed ben-Osman or Muhammad V ben Osman was Dey of the Deylik of Algiers from 1766 to 1791 and the adoptive father of Baba Hassan Pacha and the grandfather of Mustapha Pacha. He declared war against Denmark–Norway because Denmark-Norway refused his demands for an increased annual payment to stave off piracy, and new gifts, which began the Danish-Algerian War. He also declared war against the United States in 1785 and captured several American ships. The war ended in 1795 when the U.S concluded a treaty with his successor that paid $21,600 annually to Algiers.
Edmond W. Davis
Edmond W. Davis (born 1976) is an American historian, author and educator. From 2020 to 2022, he was the director of the Derek Olivier Research Institute (DORI) at Arkansas Baptist College.

Previously, he served as Professor of History at  University of Phoenix and Pulaski Technical College. He authored Pioneering African-American Aviators in 2012  featuring the first and only Arkansas Tuskegee Airmen history textbook.

He is a member of the Arkansas Historical Association.

University of Arkansas – Pulaski Technical College
University of Arkansas – Pulaski Technical College (or UA–PTC) is a public technical college in North Little Rock, Arkansas. It is part of the University of Arkansas System and mainly serves the Central Arkansas region, along with Little Rock to the south. The college maintains satellite campuses throughout Pulaski and Saline Counties.

Its main campus is located along a bluff overlooking the Arkansas River in the western part of North Little Rock, northwest of the Eugene J. Towbin Healthcare Center VA facility. The school also maintains a secondary campus on the southwest side of Little Rock along Interstate 30, which includes a separate school focused on the culinary arts and hospitality fields.

It is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. The college merged with the University of Arkansas System on February 1, 2017. Dr. Summer DeProw began serving as Chancellor at the University of Arkansas Pulaski Technical College on Jan. 2, 2023.
Niilo Tammisalo
Niilo Rudolf Tammisalo (originally Ekbom; 15 October 1894 - 5 February 1982) was an influential figure in Finnish sports in the first half of the 20th century. He was a versatile athlete who represented Finland as a player with the national teams in football, ice hockey, and bandy; he was also on Finnish Champion teams in each of the three sports with domestic clubs. When his career as a player came to a close in the early 1930s, he dedicated himself to coaching, refereeing, teaching, and administrating sports organizations.

Tammisalo was a founding member of the Ilves Sports Club and won the Finnish Championship in ice hockey as head coach of Ilves in 1936 and 1937. He was the first chairman of Basketball Finland (1939-1943), served as head coach of the Finland national team (1937-38 & 1946), was a sports instructor and lecturer at the University of Helsinki (1938-1958), and served as a referee in international competitions for football, ice hockey, and bandy.

Referee
A referee is an official, in a variety of sports and competition, responsible for enforcing the rules of the sport, including sportsmanship decisions such as ejection. The official tasked with this job may be known by a variety of other titles  depending on the sport, including umpire, judge, arbiter, commissaire, or technical official (by the International Olympic Committee).  Referees may be assisted by linesmen, timekeepers, touch judges, or video assistant referees (VAR).
John Michael (broadcaster)
John Michael (born 1972) is an American sports broadcaster who is currently the TV play by play announcer for the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). From the 2011–12 to 2018–19 seasons, he served as the team's radio play by play announcer.

Broadcasting of sports events
The broadcasting of sports events (also known as a sportscast) is the live coverage of sports as a television program, on radio, and other broadcasting media.  It usually involves one and more sports commentators describing events as they happen.
Guy Gavriel Kay
Guy Gavriel Kay CM (born November 7, 1954) is a Canadian writer of fantasy fiction. The majority of his novels take place in fictional settings that resemble real places during real historical periods, such as Constantinople during the reign of Justinian I or Spain during the time of El Cid. Kay has expressed a preference to avoid genre categorization of these works as historical fantasy. As of 2025, Kay has published 16 novels and a book of poetry. As of 2018, his fiction has been translated into at least 22 languages. Kay is also a qualified lawyer in Canada.

Fictional universe
A fictional universe, also known as an imagined universe or a constructed universe, is the internally consistent fictional setting used in a narrative or a work of art. This concept is most commonly associated with works of fantasy and science fiction, and can be found in various forms such as novels, comics, films, television shows, video games, and other creative works.

In science fiction, a fictional universe may be a remote alien planet or galaxy with little apparent relationship to the real world (as in the Star Wars universe). In fantasy, it may be a greatly fictionalized or invented version of Earth's distant past or future (as in The Lord of the Rings).
Garifuna music
Garifuna music is an ethnic music and dance with African, Arawak, and Kalinago elements, originating with the Afro-Indigenous Garifuna people from Central America and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. In 2001, Garifuna music, dance, and language were collectively proclaimed as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.

Arawak
The Arawak are a group of Indigenous peoples of northern South America and the Caribbean. The term "Arawak" has been applied at various times to different Indigenous groups, from the Lokono of South America to the Taíno (Island Arawaks), who lived in the Greater Antilles and northern Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean. All these groups spoke related Arawakan languages.
Chandrasekhar–Wentzel lemma
In vector calculus, Chandrasekhar–Wentzel lemma was derived by Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar and Gregor Wentzel in 1965, while studying the stability of rotating liquid drop. The lemma states that if  is a surface bounded by a simple closed contour , then

Here  is the position vector and  is the unit normal on the surface. An immediate consequence is that if  is a closed surface, then the line integral tends to zero, leading to the result,

or, in index notation, we have

That is to say the tensor

defined on a closed surface is always symmetric, i.e., .

Gregor Wentzel
Gregor Wentzel (17 February 1898 – 12 August 1978) was a German physicist known for development of quantum mechanics. Wentzel, Hendrik Kramers, and Léon Brillouin developed the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation in 1926. In his early years, he contributed to X-ray spectroscopy, but then broadened out to make contributions to quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics, superconductivity and meson theory.