hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Qaradağ, Gadabay
Qaradağ (also, Garadagh) is a village and municipality in the Gadabay District of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 1,318. The municipality consists of the villages of Garadagh and Daşbulaq (formerly, Qorelsk).

Gadabay District
Gadabay District (Azerbaijani: Gədəbəy rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the west of the country and belongs to the Gazakh-Tovuz Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Dashkasan, Shamkir, Tovuz, and the Gegharkunik and Tavush provinces of Armenia. The Artsvashen exclave of Armenia is surrounded by the Gadabay District and is de facto controlled by Azerbaijan, administrated as part of Goranboy District. Its capital and largest city is Gadabay. As of 2020, the district had a population of 109,900.
Basti Maluk
Basti Malook (Urdu: بستی ملوک) is a town in the Multan District, Punjab, Pakistan. Basti Malook, its localities and sub-towns comprise a population of around 20,000. It is located at 29°51′16″N 71°32′11″E﻿ / ﻿29.85444°N 71.53639°E﻿ / 29.85444; 71.53639 and an altitude of 119 meters.

Basti Malook is situated 35 km south of Multan. Dunyapur is located to its east, and Shujabad to its west, well known for its mangoes. To its south is the settlement of Makhdoom Aali. This place is known for its Sohan Halwa.

Multan District
Multan District  (Urdu: ضِلع مُلتان), is a district in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. Its capital is the city of Multan. The district has a population of 5.45 million (as of 2024) and an area of 3,720 square kilometres. The district consists of tehsils of Multan saddar, Multan city, Jalalpur Pirwala and Shujabad.

History

Multan district was created during British rule in 19th century. Vehari, Khanewal and Lodhran were Tehsils of Multan district. Vehari was made separate district in 1976. Khanewal was cut off from Multan and made a separate district in 1985. Lodhran was split off as a separate district from Multan in 1991.
Strays (TV series)
Strays is a Canadian television sitcom, which aired on CBC Television for two seasons from 2021 to 2022. A spin-off of Kim's Convenience, the series centres on Shannon Ross (Nicole Power) as she embarks on a new career in Hamilton as executive director of an animal shelter.

The cast also includes Frank Cox-O'Connell, Tina Jung, Nikki Duval, Kevin Vidal, Tony Nappo, Paula Boudreau, Emily Piggford and Leah Doz. The series is produced by Thunderbird Entertainment.

The series had been planned to start production in 2020, but was delayed until early 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. It premiered on September 14, 2021. It was renewed for a second season, which premiered in September 2022. The CBC announced in April 2023 that the show would not be picked up for a third season.

Thunderbird Entertainment
Thunderbird Entertainment, Inc. is a television and animation production company headquartered in Vancouver, British Columbia. Founded in 2003 as Thunderbird Films, it produces scripted, unscripted, and animated programming for domestic and international broadcasters and streaming platforms.

With offices in Toronto, Los Angeles and Ottawa, the firm operates several subsidiaries, including Atomic Cartoons, Great Pacific Media, and Thunderbird Releasing. On January 28, 2026, it was announced that Blue Ant Media had completed its acquisition of Thunderbird.
Frederick Parker Gay
Frederick Parker Gay (July 22, 1874 – July 14, 1939) was an American bacteriologist who combated typhoid fever and leprosy as well as studied the mechanism of immunity. He was a charter member of the Explorers Club.

The Explorers Club
The Explorers Club is an American-based international multidisciplinary professional society with the goal of promoting scientific exploration and field study. The club was founded in New York City in 1904 and has served as a meeting point for explorers and scientists worldwide.

The Explorers Club hosts an annual dinner to honor accomplishments in exploration, which is known for its adventurous, exotic cuisine.

In 2023, the club reported total revenue of $5,352,688 and total assets of $17,108,895. In 2023 it also reported total giving of $750,479.
Malaysian Prison Department
The Malaysian Prison Department (Malay: Jabatan Penjara Malaysia; Jawi: جابتن ڤنجارا مليسيا‎; ), is a department under Malaysia's Ministry of Home Affairs responsible for prisons where offenders sentenced by the courts are held. These prisons also serve as detention and recovery institutions.

The department is headquartered in the Malaysia Prison Complex (Kompleks Penjara Kajang) in Kajang, Selangor.

Taiping Prison
Taiping Prison (Malay: Penjara Taiping), formerly known as Larut Prison and Taiping Training Centre, is a prison in Taiping, Perak, Malaysia. Established in 1879, it is the first and oldest modern prison complex in the country.
Eldorado Park, Gauteng
Eldorado Park is a suburb of Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa. It is located in Region G of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality. It lies on the southern boundary of Soweto and  prior to 1994, was a Coloured township during Apartheid.

City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality
The City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala weDolobhakazi laseGoli) is a metropolitan municipality that manages the local governance of Johannesburg, the largest city in South Africa. It is divided into several branches and departments in order to expedite services for the city. Zulu is the most spoken home language at 23.4% followed by English at 20.1%.

Johannesburg is a divided municipality: the poor mostly live in the southern suburbs or on the peripheries of the far north, and the middle and upper class live largely in the suburbs of the center and north. As of 2012, unemployment was near 25% and most young people were out of work. Around 20% of the municipality lives in abject poverty in informal settlements that lack proper roads, electricity, or any other kind of direct municipal service.
Lodovico Vedriani
Lodovico Vedriani (1601-1670) was an Italian historian and priest from Modena. His writings spanned primarily the topics and annals of the Province of Modena, where lived and died on 9 February 1670, leaving much references to its historical background behind.

Province of Modena
The province of Modena (Italian: provincia di Modena) is a province in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Modena.
It has an area of 2,689 square kilometres (1,038 sq mi) and a total population of about 701,000 (2015). There are 48 comuni (sg.: comune) in the province (see list of comuni of the province of Modena). The largest after Modena are Carpi, Sassuolo, Formigine and Castelfranco Emilia.
Minto wheel
The Minto wheel is a heat engine named after Wally Minto. The engine consists of a set of sealed chambers arranged in a circle, with each chamber connected to the chamber opposite it. One chamber in each connected pair is filled with a liquid with a low boiling point (propane (TB = −42 °C) and R-12 (TB = −29.8 °C) are listed in the Mother Earth News articles). Ideally, the working fluid also has a high vapor pressure and density.

Dichlorodifluoromethane
Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12) is a colorless gas popularly known by the genericized brand name Freon (as Freon-12). It is a chlorofluorocarbon halomethane (CFC) used as a refrigerant and aerosol spray propellant. In compliance with the Montreal Protocol, its manufacture was banned in developed countries (non-article 5 countries) in 1996, and in developing countries (Article 5 countries) in 2010 out of concerns about its damaging effect on the ozone layer. Its only allowed usage is as a  fire retardant in submarines and aircraft. It is soluble in many organic solvents. R-12 cylinders are colored white.

R-12 has the highest potential for ozone destruction of all refrigeration gases.
USLHT Iris (1897 ship)
USLHT Iris was a steel-hulled, steam-powered ship built in Philadelphia in 1897.  She began life as an excursion boat for day trips between Boston and Plymouth, Massachusetts as Plymouth.  She was purchased by the Lighthouse Board and became a lighthouse tender in 1899.  She was transferred to the United States Navy during World War I and became USS Iris.  She returned to her duties with the United States Lighthouse Service in 1919.  She was sold in 1939 and became a collier and bulk freighter named Big Chief.  In 1942, after the American entry into World War II, the ship was requisitioned into military service with the United States Army Corps of Engineers.  She was transferred to the Navy for the second time in 1943 and became USS Big Chief (IX-101).  Declared surplus after the war, she was sold back into private hands in 1948 and became a fishing boat for the remainder of her career.  Her name was changed yet again after a 1954 refit to B. O. Colonna.  She was scrapped in 1973.

United States Lighthouse Board
The United States Lighthouse Board was the second agency of the U.S. federal government, under the Department of Treasury, responsible for the construction and maintenance of all lighthouses and navigation aids in the United States, between 1852 and 1910. The new agency was created following complaints of the shipping industry of the previous administration of lighthouses under the Treasury's Lighthouse Establishment, which had had jurisdiction since 1791, and since 1820, been under the control of Stephen Pleasonton.

The quasi-military board first met on April 28, 1851, and with its establishment, the administration of lighthouses and other aids to navigation would take their largest leap toward modernization since the inception of federal government control. In 1910, the Lighthouse Board was disestablished in favor of a more civilian Lighthouse Service, under the Department of Commerce and Labor; later the Lighthouse Service was merged into the United States Coast Guard in 1939.
James Gordon (Upper Canada politician)
James Gordon (August 26, 1786 – April 10, 1865) was a merchant and political figure in Upper Canada and Canada West.

He was born in Inverness, Scotland in 1786 and studied at the Inverness Royal Academy. He came to Amherstburg in Upper Canada. He served in the local militia, becoming lieutenant in 1809 and lieutenant colonel in 1822. He represented Kent in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada from 1820 to 1828. In 1822, he was named justice of the peace in the Western District. He was appointed to the Legislative Council of Upper Canada in 1829 and to the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada in 1845.

He died in Toronto in 1865.

Western District, Upper Canada
Western District was one of four districts of the Province of Quebec created in 1788 in the western reaches of the Montreal District which were later detached in 1791 to create the new colony of Upper Canada. Known as Hesse District (named after Hesse in Germany) until 1792, it was abolished in 1849.
Sannakawa Dam
Sannakawa Dam is an earthfill dam located in Gunma Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is 67.3 km2. The dam impounds about 13  ha of land when full and can store 1426 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1929 and completed in 1933.

Gunma Prefecture
Gunma Prefecture (群馬県, Gunma-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [ɡɯꜜm.ma, ɡɯm.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Gunma Prefecture has a population of 1,937,626 (1 October 2019) and has a geographic area of 6,362 square kilometres (2,456 sq mi). Gunma Prefecture borders Niigata Prefecture and Fukushima Prefecture to the north, Nagano Prefecture to the southwest, Saitama Prefecture to the south, and Tochigi Prefecture to the east.

Maebashi is the capital and Takasaki is the largest city of Gunma Prefecture, with other major cities including Ōta, Isesaki, and Kiryū. Gunma Prefecture is one of only eight landlocked prefectures, located on the northwestern corner of the Kantō Plain with 14% of its total land being designated as natural parks.
Religion in Libya
Islam is the dominant religion in Libya.

Other than the vast majority of Sunni Muslims, there are also small Christian communities, composed exclusively of immigrants. Coptic Orthodox Christianity, which is the Christian Church of Egypt, is the largest and most historical Christian denomination in Libya.

In 2016, there were over 60,000 Egyptian Copts in Libya, as they comprise over 1% of the population alone. There were an estimated 40,000 Roman Catholics in Libya who are served by two Bishops, one in Tripoli (serving the Italian community) and one in Benghazi (serving the Maltese community). There was also a small Anglican community, made up mostly of African immigrant workers in Tripoli; it is part of the Anglican Diocese of Egypt.

Libya was until recent times the home of one of the oldest Jewish communities in the world, dating back to at least 300 BC. A series of pogroms beginning in November 1945 lasted for almost three years, drastically reducing Libya's Jewish population.

History of the Jews in Libya
The history of the Jews in Libya stretches back to the 3rd century BCE, when Cyrenaica was under Greek rule. The Jewish population of Libya, a part of the Sephardi-Maghrebi Jewish community, continued to populate the area continuously until modern times. During World War II, Libya's Jewish population was subjected to antisemitic laws by the Fascist Italian regime and deportations by both the Italian and German armies.

After the war, anti-Jewish violence caused many Jews to leave the country, principally for Israel, though significant numbers moved to Italy and North America. Under Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, who ruled the country from 1969 to 2011, the situation deteriorated further, eventually leading to the emigration of the remaining Jewish population. The last Jew in Libya, 80-year-old Rina Debach, left the country in 2003.
Close House Mine
Close House Mine  is a Site of Special Scientific Interest in the Teesdale district of west County Durham, England. It is a disused opencast mine located in Arngill Beck on the north-east flank of Close House Crags, in the Lunedale Forest. The site is surrounded on three sides by the Upper Teesdale SSSI.

The mine is situated within the Lunedale fault system, at the southern limit of the Alston Block. A large barite ore body is exposed at the mine and a rare mineral, rosasite, has been identified at the site.

Rosasite
Rosasite is a carbonate mineral with minor potential for use as a zinc and copper ore. Chemically, it is a copper zinc carbonate hydroxide with a copper to zinc ratio of 3:2, occurring in the secondary oxidation zone of copper-zinc deposits. It was originally discovered in 1908 in the Rosas mine in Sardinia, Italy, and is named after the location. Fibrous blue-green rosasite crystals are usually found in globular aggregates, often associated with red limonite and other colorful minerals. It is very similar to aurichalcite, but can be distinguished by its superior hardness.
Richard Tecwyn Williams
Richard Tecwyn Williams FRS (20 February 1909 – 29 December 1979) was a Welsh biochemist who founded the systematic study of xenobiotic metabolism with the publication of his book Detoxication mechanisms in 1947. This seminal book built on his earlier work on the role of glucuronic acid in the metabolism of borneol.

University of Ibadan
The University of Ibadan (UI) is a federal university located in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Initially founded as the University College Ibadan in 1948, it maintained its affiliation with the University of London. In 1962, it became an independent institution, making it the oldest degree-awarding institution in Nigeria. The University of Ibadan has significantly contributed to Nigeria's political, industrial, economic, and cultural development through its extensive network of graduates.

UI enrolls about 33,000 students, is internationally recognized, and has a number of accomplished alumni.
Vascular access
Vascular access refers to a rapid, direct method of introducing or removing devices or chemicals from the bloodstream. In hemodialysis, vascular access is used to remove the patient's blood so that it can be filtered through the dialyzer. Three primary methods are used to gain access to the blood: an intravenous catheter, an arteriovenous fistula (AV) or a synthetic graft. In the latter two, needles are used to puncture the graft or fistula each time dialysis is performed.

The type of vascular access created for patients on hemodialysis is influenced by factors such as the expected time course of a patient's kidney failure and the condition of his or her vasculature. Patients may have multiple accesses, usually because an AV fistula or graft is maturing and a catheter is still being used. The creation of all these three major types of vascular accesses requires surgery.

Arteriovenous fistula
An arteriovenous fistula is an abnormal connection or passageway between an artery and a vein. It may be congenital, surgically created for hemodialysis treatments, or acquired due to pathologic process, such as trauma or erosion of an arterial aneurysm.
Electrochromism
Electrochromism  is a phenomenon in which a material displays changes in  color or opacity  in response to an electrical stimulus. In this way, a smart window made of an electrochromic material can block specific wavelengths of ultraviolet, visible or (near) infrared light. The ability to control the transmittance of near-infrared light can increase the energy efficiency of a building, reducing the amount of energy needed to cool during summer and heat during winter.

As the color change is persistent and energy needs only to be applied to effect a change, electrochromic materials are used to control the amount of light and heat allowed to pass through a surface, most commonly "smart windows". One popular application is in the automobile industry where it is used to automatically tint rear-view mirrors in various lighting conditions.

Lighting
Lighting or illumination is the deliberate use of light to achieve practical or aesthetic effects. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as natural illumination by capturing daylight. Daylighting (using windows, skylights, or light shelves) is sometimes used as the main source of light during daytime in buildings. This can save energy in place of using artificial lighting, which represents a major component of energy consumption in buildings. Proper lighting can enhance task performance, improve the appearance of an area, or have positive psychological effects on occupants.

Indoor lighting is usually accomplished using light fixtures, and is a key part of interior design. Lighting can also be an intrinsic component of landscape projects.
Festival de las Máscaras (2013)
The 2013 Festival de las Máscaras (Spanish for "Festival of the Mask")  was a major lucha libre event produced and scripted by the Mexican International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG) professional wrestling promotion on August 11, 2013. The show was held in Arena Naucalpan, Naucalpan, State of Mexico, which is IWRG's primary venue.

At the 2013 event Avisman, El Hijo del Diablo, El Hijo de Pirata Morgan, Universo 2000 and Veneno all wore their masks again after having lost Luchas de Apuestas, or "bet matches", in the past and thus lost the rights to wear their mask. In the main event long time rivals Rayo de Jalisco Jr. and Universo 2000 each captained a team as Rayo de Jalisco Jr., El Solar and Veneno defeated Universo 2000, Pirata Morgan and Villano IV.

Máscara Año 2000
Jesús Reyes González (born 10 March 1958) is a Mexican Luchador, or professional wrestler, best known under the ring name Máscara Año 2000 or Máscara Año Dos Mil. His ring name is Spanish for "Mask of the year 2000", originally referring to the mask Reyes wore while wrestling. Reyes was forced to unmask when he lost a Lucha de Apuesta (bet match) to Perro Aguayo in 1993. Throughout his career Reyes has often teamed with his two brothers Carmelo, who wrestles as Cien Caras and the late Andrés, who wrestled as Universo 2000, the three were collectively known as Los Hermanos Dinamita ("The Dynamite Brothers") or Los Capos ("The Bosses") when they teamed with Apolo Dantés. Reyes has earned the nickname "El Padre de más de 20" ("Father of more than 20") by wrestling commentators even though he does not quite have 20 children.
Simon Turnbull
Simon Scott Turnbull (10 May 1950 – 6 November 2014) was an entrepreneur in the Australian psychic industry, a self-proclaimed psychic and writer on parapsychology who had been researching telepathy and precognition and other so-called paranormal areas of expertise for over forty years. Since 1975 he had appeared on many television programs discussing psychic matters and debating with skeptics about the perceived value of following ones intuition. He was the President of the Australian Psychics Association (APA), an authority on tarot, and a practicing astrologer. He was the co-founder of the International Psychics Association.

Precognition
Precognition (from the Latin prae- 'before', and cognitio 'acquiring knowledge') is the purported psychic phenomenon of seeing, or otherwise becoming directly aware of, events in the future.

There is no accepted scientific evidence that precognition is a real effect, and it is widely considered to be pseudoscience. Precognition violates the principle of causality, that an effect cannot occur before its cause.

Precognition has been widely believed in throughout history. Despite the lack of scientific evidence, many people believe it to be real; it is still widely reported and remains a topic of research and discussion within the parapsychology community.
Christine Balfa
Christine Balfa is a Cajun musician and founder of the group Balfa Toujours known for performing vocals, guitar, and the triangle. She is the youngest daughter of Dewey Balfa.

Balfa created the Cajun band Balfa Toujours in 1992; and her husband, Dirk Powell, was a long time member of the group.

Christine Balfa is a founding member of the Cajun band Bonsoir Catin, started along with the musicians Kristi Guillory and Yvette Landry in 2005. Bonsoir Catin was nominated for a Best Regional Roots Album Grammy in 2014.

Triangle (musical instrument)
The triangle, or  musical triangle, is a musical instrument in the percussion family, classified as an idiophone in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification system. Triangles are made from a variety of metals including aluminum, beryllium copper, brass, bronze, iron, and steel. The metal is bent into a triangular shape with one open end. The instrument is usually held by a loop of some form of thread or wire at the top curve to enable the triangle to vibrate, and it is struck with a metal rod called a "beater". The triangle theoretically has indefinite pitch, and produces a plurality of overtones when struck with an appropriate beater.
Development testing
Development testing is a software development process that involves synchronized application of a broad spectrum of defect prevention and detection strategies in order to reduce software development risks, time, and costs.

Depending on the organization's expectations for software development, development testing might include static code analysis, data flow analysis, metrics analysis, peer code reviews, unit testing, code coverage analysis, traceability, and other software verification practices.

Code review
Code review (sometimes referred to as peer review) is a software quality assurance activity in which one or more people examine the source code of a computer program, either after implementation or during the development process. The persons performing the checking, excluding the author, are called "reviewers". At least one reviewer must not be the code's author.

Code review differs from related software quality assurance techniques like static code analysis, self-checks, testing, and pair programming. Static analysis relies primarily on automated tools, self-checks involve only the author, testing requires code execution, and pair programming is performed continuously during development rather than as a separate step.