hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Racism in South Africa
Racism in South Africa can be traced back to the earliest historical accounts of interactions between African, Asian, and European peoples along the coast of Southern Africa. It has existed throughout several centuries of the history of South Africa, dating back to the Dutch colonization of Southern Africa, which started in 1652. Before universal suffrage was achieved in 1994, White South Africans, especially Afrikaners during the period of Apartheid, enjoyed various legally or socially sanctioned privileges and rights that were denied to the indigenous African peoples and to the immigrants and descendants of immigrants who had not originated from Europe. Examples of systematic racism over the course of South Africa's history include forced removals, racial inequality and segregation, uneven resource distribution, and disenfranchisement. Racial controversies and politics remain major phenomena in the country.

Disfranchisement
Disfranchisement, also disenfranchisement (which has become more common since 1982) or voter disqualification, is the restriction of suffrage (the right to vote) of a person or group of people, or a practice that has the effect of preventing someone from exercising the right to vote. Disfranchisement can also refer to the revocation of power or control of a particular individual, community, or being to the natural amenity they have; that is to deprive of a franchise, of a legal right, of some privilege or inherent immunity. Disfranchisement may be accomplished explicitly by law or implicitly through requirements applied in a discriminatory fashion, through intimidation, or by placing unreasonable requirements on voters for registration or voting.
High barriers to entry to the political competition can disenfranchise political movements.
The Eddie
The Eddie Aikau Big Wave Invitational (colloquially, "The Eddie") is a big wave surfing tournament held at Waimea Bay on the north shore of Oahu, Hawaii.  The tournament is named for native Hawaiian champion big wave surfer and life-saving Waimea Bay lifeguard Eddie Aikau.  Created in 1984 at nearby Sunset Beach, the invitational tournament moved to the notoriously big-waved Waimea Bay, where Aikau's family maintains an ancestral tradition as caretakers of Waimea Valley.

Previously, The Eddie was formally the Quiksilver in Memory of Eddie Aikau until 2016, after which sponsor Quiksilver and the Aikau family could not agree to terms for a new contract; since 2024 it has been called the Rip Curl Eddie Aikau Big Wave Invitational after the surfing apparel company Rip Curl took over sponsorship of the event. The tournament draws crowds of up to 50,000 people and can be seen from Kamehameha Highway in Waimea Bay on O‘ahu.

Open (sport)
In sports, an open tournament, or open competition, indicates anyone may enter the tournament or competition, especially without regard to their professional or amateur status. First used in golf, the term is now used in many different sports and in varying contexts, not always in reference to the amateur or professional status of the players. For example, it might indicate that the competition is "open" to international players. An open competition contrasts with closed and invitational competitions.

The term "open" is not always absolute. Minimum performance standards, or eligibility criteria, vary by sport and by individual tournament rules. For example, qualifier entrants to the 2025 U.S. Open golf tournament were required to have a USGA official handicap of 0.4 or less. Open competitions are also found outside of sports, such as open architectural design competitions.
Heidi Chu
Heidi CHU Hoi Ting (Traditional Chinese: 朱凱婷, born 17 August 1977) is the 2nd runner-up and winner of Miss International Goodwill of the 2001 Miss Hong Kong contest. She also won the Miss Photogenic award in 2001.

Miss Hong Kong Pageant
Miss Hong Kong Pageant (Chinese: 香港小姐競選), or Miss HK (港姐) for short, is an annual Hong Kong-based beauty pageant organised by local Hong Kong television station, TVB. The pageant was established in 1946, and acquired by TVB in 1973. It is one of the oldest pageants in the world. The reigning Miss Hong Kong is Stacey Chan, winner of the 2025 pageant.
Lovrich
Lovrich is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anthony Lovrich (born 1961), Australian rower

Giovanni Lovrich (c. 1756–1777), Croatian writer, ethnographer, and medical student

Pete Lovrich (1942–2018), American baseball pitcher

Anthony Lovrich
Anthony "Tony" Lovrich (born 5 December 1961 in Perth, Western Australia) is an Australian rower. He attended Scotch College (Perth) and raced in the winning crew of the 1978 PSA Head of the River Regatta. He competed in the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games, earning a silver medal in the men's Quadruple Scull, before beginning his coaching career. In 1996 he was coach for the Australian Olympic rowing team, and now coaches at Guildford Grammar School in Perth, Western Australia.
Puerto Rico women's national under-20 football team
The Puerto Rico women's national under-20 football team represents Puerto Rico in tournaments at the under-20 level of women's competitions. The team is controlled by the Puerto Rican Football Federation.

Singer Young Miko and model Karla Aponte played for the team in 2015.

Karla Aponte
Karla Victoria Aponte Colón (born 1998) is a Puerto Rican model, beauty pageant titleholder and former footballer. She was crowned Miss Earth Puerto Rico 2017 on August 9, 2017 at La Concha Renaissance Hotel in Condado, San Juan, Puerto Rico, she represented Puerto Rico at the Miss Earth 2017 pageant.
9flats
9flats is an online marketplace enabling people to lease or rent short-term lodging. The company does not own any lodging; it is merely a broker and receives commissions from both guests and hosts in conjunction with every booking.

The site competes with Airbnb.

It has over 50,000 members and 30,000 hosts in 104 countries.

Lastminute.com
lastminute.com is an online travel and leisure retailer.

The company was founded by Martha Lane Fox and Brent Hoberman in 1998 and was a part of the UK internet boom of the late 1990s, part of the dot-com bubble and trading on the London Stock Exchange under the symbol 'LMN'.

In May 2015, lastminute.com was acquired from Sabre by the Bravofly Rumbo Group which rebranded as lastminute.com Group.
Chameleon Twist
Chameleon Twist is a 1997 video game developed by Japan System Supply, published by Japan System Supply in Japan, and published by Sunsoft in North America and Europe for the Nintendo 64.

Though disliked by critics due to its easy gameplay, repetitive music, and awkward camera angles, Chameleon Twist was followed by a sequel titled Chameleon Twist 2.

This 3D platform game has players take on the role of one of four anthropomorphic chameleons, and travel across six themed worlds. The chameleon's elongated tongue can be used as a weapon, a means to traverse gaps, or as a way to leap onto platforms. Once the tongue is unrolled, it can be guided in any direction using the analog stick. A five-room training area lets players practice the controls. The single-player game involves progressing through predominately indoor environments, each culminating in a boss battle, while collecting hearts to replenish health.

Analog stick
An analog stick (analogue stick in British English), also known as a control stick, thumbstick or joystick, is an input method designed for video games that translates thumb movement into directional control. It consists of a protruding stick mounted on a pivot, with movement registered through continuous electrical signals rather than discrete switches, allowing for greater nuance than traditional digital inputs.

Unlike D-pads, which rely on fixed electrical contacts, analog sticks use potentiometers to measure their position across a full range of motion. Many models allow the stick to be pressed down like a button, allowing users to execute commands without removing their thumb from the stick. Since its introduction, the analog stick has largely replaced the D-pad as the primary directional input in modern game controllers.
Bunny hug
The bunny hug was a dancing style performed by young people, in the early 20th century. It is thought to have originated in San Francisco, California in the Barbary Coast dance halls along with the Texas Tommy, turkey trot, and grizzly bear.

The bunny hug was performed to the music of America's great ragtime composers. The bunny hug, like other "animal" dances, caused a lot of uproar in polite society.

A song under the title "The Bunny Hug" with subtitle "the Craze of the Day", composed by Harry Von Tilzer with lyrics by William Jerome, was released in 1912.

The 1913 Vitagraph comedy short Bunny Dips Into Society features scenes of comedian John Bunny performing the Bunny Hug; the film was also released under the title Bunny and the Bunny Hug.

William Jerome
William Jerome Flannery (September 30, 1865 – June 25, 1932) was an American songwriter, born in Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York, of Irish immigrant parents: Mary Donnellan and Patrick Flannery. He collaborated with numerous well-known composers and performers of the era but is best remembered for his decade-long association with Jean Schwartz with whom he created many popular songs and musical shows in the 1900s and early 1910s.
Joseph Bromfield
Joseph Bromfield (1744–1824) was a notable English plasterer and architect working in the West Midlands and in Central and Northern Wales in the late Georgian period. He was Mayor of Shrewsbury in 1809.

Newtown, Powys
Newtown (Welsh: Y Drenewydd) is a town in Powys, Wales. It lies on the River Severn in the community of Newtown and Llanllwchaiarn, within the historic boundaries of Montgomeryshire. It was designated a new town in 1967 and saw population growth as firms settled, changing its market town character. Its 2001 population of 10,780 rose to 11,357 in the 2011 census, and rose again to 11,362 in the 2021 census.

Newtown was the birthplace of Robert Owen in 1771, whose house stood on the present site of the HSBC Bank. The town has a theatre, Theatr Hafren, and a public gallery, Oriel Davies, displaying contemporary arts and crafts. It is the largest town in Powys and Mid Wales.
Ola Elizabeth Winslow
Ola Elizabeth Winslow (January 5, 1885 in Grant City, Missouri – September 27, 1977 in Damariscotta, Maine) was an American historian, biographer, and educator. She won a Pulitzer Prize in 1941 for her biography of Jonathan Edwards, an 18th-century American theologian whose basic writings she edited for Signet Classics.

Born in Grant City, Missouri, Winslow was an instructor at College of the Pacific from 1909 to 1914, when she earned a master's degree from Stanford University. She was professor of English at Goucher College in Baltimore (1914–1944) and at Wellesley College (1944–1977, emeritus after 1950).

Winslow earned a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1922 with a thesis that was later published as a book with the title Low Comedy as a Structural Element in English Drama from the Beginnings to 1642.

Winslow died in Maine at age 92.

Damariscotta, Maine
Damariscotta (/dæmrɪˈskɒtə/ DAM-rih-SKOT-ə) is a town in Lincoln County, Maine, United States. The population was 2,297 at the 2020 census. A popular tourist destination known for its oysters, the towns of Damariscotta and Newcastle are linked by the Main Street bridge over the Damariscotta River, forming the "Twin Villages". The name Damariscotta derives from an Algonquian word 'Madamescontee' which means place of abundance of small fish (alewives), and is shared with a census-designated place located within the town.
Lahaska Creek
Lahaska Creek (Lackawissa or Lahaskeekee) is a tributary of Mill Creek in Wrightstown Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. The Geographic Name Information System I.D. is 1178763, U.S. Department of the Interior Geological Survey I.D. is 02632.

Stockton Formation
The Triassic Stockton Formation is a mapped bedrock unit in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York. It is named after Stockton, New Jersey, where it was first described. It is laterally equivalent to the New Oxford Formation in the Gettysburg Basin of Pennsylvania and Maryland.
Ashkan Najafpur
Ashkan Najafpour (Persian: اشکان نجف‌پور; born April 25, 1979) was the CEO of Qashqai Shiraz FC.

Ashkan Najafpour has a mixed heritage, with a Qashqai father and a Lur mother. He was admitted to the Political Science program at Farabi University as well as the Law program at Azad University, ultimately graduating with a bachelor's degree. He was later accepted into the master's program at Tehran International University, and in the same year, he founded Qashqai Shiraza FC, The club's license was transferred in 2022 to Chadormalou Ardakan S.C.

Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch
The Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch (Persian: دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی, Daneshgah-e Âzad-e Eslâmi-ye Vahed-e Tehran Mirkâzi) is a private research university located in Tehran, Iran. Founded in 1982, Central Tehran is the flagship institution of the universities affiliated with Islamic Azad University system. The university is the oldest, the largest and the top university among all branches of Islamic Azad University academic organization, established in 1982, originally as the Islamic Azad University of Tehran.
The university campuses rest on 297,904 m2 (3,206,610 sq ft) of various districts of Tehran.
It offers approximately 488 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines such as sciences, engineering, art, architecture, humanities and social sciences.
Prinny 2
Prinny 2: Dawn of Operation Panties, Dood! (プリニー2 〜特攻遊戯! 暁のパンツ大作戦ッス!!〜, Purinī 2 〜 tokkō yūgi! Akatsuki no pantsu dai sakusenssu!!〜) is a platform game by Nippon Ichi Software released in Japan in 2010. The game made it to the North American market in 2011.

Prinny 2 is the sequel to Prinny: Can I Really Be the Hero? and part of the Disgaea series. Both games were re-released together as Prinny 1•2: Exploded and Reloaded for the Nintendo Switch in October 2020.

Nippon Ichi Software
Nippon Ichi Software, Inc. (株式会社日本一ソフトウェア, Nippon Ichi Sofutowea; known as Prism Kikaku Ltd. from July 1993 to July 1995) is a Japanese video game developer and publisher. The company was founded in 1991 and has developed several role-playing video games, most notably the Disgaea and Marl Kingdom series. Its mascot is the penguin-like Disgaea character Prinny.

NIS America, a localization and global publishing branch of the company, was founded in 2003. It originally focused solely on the North American market until being expanded to include Europe and other regions in 2007 and has also published anime.
Leopold Maximilian von Firmian
Leopold Maximilian Graf von Firmian (11 October 1766, Trento – 29 November 1831, Vienna) was Auxiliary Bishop in Passau and Titular Bishop of Tiberias from 1797, from 1800 to 1816 Bishop of Lavant, was appointed Archbishop of Salzburg in 1816, but in 1818 was only confirmed as administrator of the Archdiocese of Salzburg. From 1822 to 1831, he was Prince-Archbishop of Vienna.

Archdiocese of Salzburg
The Archdiocese of Salzburg (Latin: Archidioecesis Salisburgensis) is a Latin rite archdiocese of the Catholic Church, based in Salzburg, Austria. It serves as the leading diocese of the ecclesiastical province of Salzburg and is one of two Austrian archdioceses, alongside the Archdiocese of Vienna.

During the late medieval and early modern periods, the Archbishops of Salzburg held the title of prince-archbishops within the Holy Roman Empire, governing the Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg—a distinct polity that lasted until 1803. That year, it was secularized and became the Electorate of Salzburg, ending the archbishops' temporal authority.
Nawa Nepal Prajatantrik Dal
Nawa Nepal Prajatantrik Dal ('New Nepal Democratic Party') is a political party in Nepal. The party got 3016 votes in the Proportional Representation vote in the 2008 Constituent Assembly election, being the least voted party in the election. The party had two candidates in the First Past the Post vote, Santosh Raut (37 years) in Kathmandu-1 and Santosh Bahadur Shahi (33 years) in Lalitpur-3. Raut got 20 votes and Shahi 14 votes.

2008 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election
Constituent Assembly elections were held in Nepal on 10 April 2008, having been postponed from earlier dates of 7 June 2007 and 22 November 2007. The Constituent Assembly was planned to draft a new constitution and therefore decide, amongst other things, on the issue of federalism. The number of eligible voters was around 17.5 million. The Constituent Assembly was originally set to have a term of two years.

The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) (CPN (M)), placed first in the election with 220 out of 575 elected seats, and became the largest party in the Constituent Assembly. It was followed by the Nepali Congress with 110 seats and the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) with 103 seats. After months of power-sharing discussions and deliberations, CPN (M) Chairman Prachanda was elected as Prime Minister in August 2008. Due to its failure in drafting a new constitution, the CA was dissolved on 28 May 2012 after its original and extended total tenure of 4 years.
Little skate
The little skate (Leucoraja erinacea) is a species of skate in the family Rajidae, found from Nova Scotia to North Carolina on sand or gravel habitats. They are one of the dominant members of the demersal fish community in the northwestern Atlantic. This species is of minimal commercial importance and is mainly used as bait for lobster traps, though its wings are also marketed for food. It is also important as a model organism for biological and medical research.

Copepod
Copepods (/ˈkoʊpəpɒd/; meaning 'oar-feet') are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat. Some species are planktonic (living in the water column), some are benthic (living on the sediments), several species have parasitic phases, and some continental species may live in limnoterrestrial habitats and other wet terrestrial places, such as swamps, under leaf fall in wet forests, bogs, springs, ephemeral ponds, puddles, damp moss, or water-filled recesses of plants (phytotelmata) such as bromeliads and pitcher plants. Many live underground in marine and freshwater caves, sinkholes, or stream beds. Copepods are sometimes used as biodiversity indicators.
TREML1
Trem-like transcript 1 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TREML1 gene.

TREML1 is located in a gene cluster on chromosome 6 with the single Ig variable (IgV) domain activating receptors TREM1 (MIM 605085) and TREM2 (MIM 605086), but it has distinct structural and functional properties.

TREML1 enhances calcium signaling in an SHP2 (PTPN11; MIM 176876)-dependent manner (Allcock et al., 2003; Barrow et al., 2004).[supplied by OMIM]

Calcium signaling
Calcium signaling is the use of calcium ions (Ca2+) to communicate and drive intracellular processes, often as a step in signal transduction. Ca2+ is important for a wide variety of cellular signaling pathways. Once Ca2+ enters the cytosol of the cytoplasm it exerts allosteric regulatory effects on many enzymes and proteins. Ca2+ signaling can activate certain ion channels for short term changes (like changes to electrochemical gradients) in the cell. For longer-term changes (like changes in gene transcription), Ca2+ can act as a second messenger through indirect signal transduction pathways, such as in G protein-coupled receptor pathways.
1863–1864 Whitaker–Fox ministry
The Whitaker-Fox Ministry was a responsible government which held power in New Zealand from October 1863 to November 1864. Although Frederick Whitaker was the head of the government, he was never appointed premier as that office had yet to be established. Instead, he was attorney-general sitting in the Legislative Council while William Fox led the Government in the lower house.

William Fox (New Zealand politician)
Sir William Fox KCMG (20 January 1812 – 23 June 1893) was the second premier of New Zealand and held that office on four occasions in the 19th century, while New Zealand was still a colony. He was known for his confiscation of Māori land rights, his contributions to the education system (such as establishing the University of New Zealand), and his work to increase New Zealand's autonomy from Britain. He has been described as determined and intelligent, but also as bitter and "too fond" of personal attacks. Different aspects of his personality are emphasised by different accounts.
Lucia Bánhegyi-Radó
Lucia Bánhegyi-Radó (born 22 April 1948) is a Hungarian volleyball player. She competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics (5th place), the 1976 Summer Olympics (4th place) and the 1980 Summer Olympics (4th place).

She holds 370 selections for Hungary national team and attended to four World championships and five European championships where she won one silver medal in 1975 and two bronze medals in 1977 and in 1981.

She played 20 years for NIM-SE and Vasas Budapest which replaced NIM-SE in 1981. She won Hungarian League 10 times, Magyar Kupa 9 times and European Champions Cup in 1973.

She later has been link to Lille, Courières, Marignane in France and Neuchâtel UC in Switzerland from 1990 as coach.

Volleyball at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Volleyball at the 1980 Summer Olympics was represented by two events. It was held at the Minor Arena of the Central Lenin Stadium and at the Druzhba (Friendship) Multi-Purpose Arena of the Central Lenin Stadium, both located at Luzhniki (south-western part of Moscow). The schedule started on July 20 and ended on August 1.
Los Angeles Knight Riders
The Los Angeles Knight Riders are an American professional Twenty20 cricket team based in the Greater Los Angeles area that competes in Major League Cricket (MLC). The team's planned home ground is in Great Park in Irvine, California.

The franchise is owned by the Knight Riders Group, a sporting subsidiary alliance between Red Chillies Entertainment and the Mehta Group. The Knight Riders' minor league affiliate—the Los Angeles Lashings compete in Minor League Cricket.

Minor League Cricket
Minor League Cricket (MiLC) is a professional Twenty20 cricket league in the United States that serves as the developmental league for Major League Cricket (MLC). The league comprises 26 teams, divided between the Atlantic Conference and the Pacific Conference. Beginning play in 2021, the Silicon Valley Strikers won the inaugural tournament. Due to financial issues and general public disinterest, the 2024 season was shortened to eight matches per side, taking place in the fall, and was won by the Chicago Kingsmen. The league’s title sponsor is YASH Technologies, having previously been Sunoco and Toyota.
Waucousta, Wisconsin
Waucousta is an unincorporated community in the town of Osceola, in Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, United States. Waucousta is located at the junction of U.S. Route 45 and County Highway F, 4 miles (6.4 km) north-northeast of Campbellsport. A branch of the Milwaukee River runs through the community.

U.S. Route 45
U.S. Route 45 (US 45) is a major north-south United States highway and a border-to-border route, from Lake Superior to the Gulf of Mexico. A sign at the highway's northern terminus notes the total distance as 1,297 miles (2,087 km).

US 45 is notable for incorporating, in its maiden alignment, the first paved road in the South, a 49-mile (79 km) segment in Lee County, Mississippi. Let to contract in July 1914, the concrete highway opened on November 15, 1915.

As of 2006, the highway's northern terminus is in Ontonagon, Michigan, at the corner of Ontonagon and River Streets, a few blocks from Lake Superior (M-64 formerly terminated there as well until its rerouting in October 2006 to use the newly built Ontonagon River Bridge).  US 45's southern terminus is in Mobile, Alabama, at an intersection with U.S. Route 98.