hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Miss Earth 2008
Miss Earth 2008 was the eighth edition of the Miss Earth pageant, held at the Clark Expo Amphitheater in Angeles City, Philippines, on November 9, 2008.

Jessica Trisko of Canada crowned Karla Henry of the Philippines as her successor the end of the event.

Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation
Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation (PAGCOR; Filipino: Korporasyon sa Libangan at Palaro ng Pilipinas) is a Philippine government-owned and controlled corporation serving as the country's gaming industry regulator, as well as owner and operator of a network of casino branches in key cities under the brand name Casino Filipino.

Excluded from PAGCOR's mandate, however, are the operation of lotteries by Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office (PCSO) and the regulation of horse betting by Games and Amusements Board (GAB).

PAGCOR was established in 1977 through Presidential Decree No. 1869. It is the Philippines' third largest contributor of government revenue, after the Bureau of Internal Revenue and the Bureau of Customs. The corporation is under the Office of the President of the Philippines.
John Knewstub
John Knewstub (or Knewstubs) (1544–29 May 1624) was an English clergyman and one of the participants in the Hampton Court Conference of 1604 representing the Puritan side. Patrick Collinson calls him presbyterian by conviction, but moderate in his views.

Henry Nicholis
Hendrik Nicholis (or Hendrik Niclaes, Henry Nichlaes, Heinrich Niclaes; c. 1501 – c. 1580) was a German mystic and founder of the proto-deist sect "Familia Caritatis" (a.k.a. "Family of Love","Familia Caritatis" or "Hus der Lieften").
El Riego phase
The El Riego phase is a Mexican archaeological period in the Tehuacan Valley Sequence that came to pass during the early part of the Archaic period in the Americas. The El Riego phase is the second period in the sequence; preceding it was the Ajuereado phase, and the Coxcatlan phase came later. Dating for the El Riego phase differs slightly from source to source, it has been said to have occurred from as wide a span as 8650 - 5700 BC to as narrow as 6800 - 5000 BC.

Archaic period (North America)
In the classification of the archaeological cultures of North America, the Archaic period in North America, taken to last from around 8000 to 1000 BC in the sequence of North American pre-Columbian cultural stages, is a period defined by the archaic stage of cultural development. The Archaic stage is characterized by subsistence economies supported through the exploitation of nuts, seeds, and shellfish.  As its ending is defined by the adoption of sedentary farming, this date can vary significantly across the Americas.

The term "Archaic Period" is also as a timespan label elsewhere in the Americas, with different timespans than the North American Archaic.
Kulka (surname)
Kulka is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gabriela Kulka (born 1979), Polish musician

Glenn Kulka (born 1964), Canadian professional wrestler

János Kulka (actor) (born 1958), Hungarian actor

János Kulka (conductor) (1929–2001), Hungarian conductor and composer

Leopoldine Kulka (1872–1920), Austrian writer and editor

Otto Dov Kulka (1933-2021), Israeli historian

Leopoldine Kulka
Leopoldine Kulka (31 March 1872 – 2 January 1920) was an Austrian writer and editor. As editor of Neues Frauenleben she controversially met women from combatant countries at the 1915 Women's conference at the Hague which led to the creation of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF).
Grevillea johnsonii
Grevillea johnsonii, commonly known as Johnson's grevillea or Johnson's spider flower, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to New South Wales. It is a shrub with divided, needle-like leaves and red to orange flowers, and grows in rocky places.

Plant propagation
Plant propagation is the process by which new plants grow from various sources, including seeds, cuttings, and other plant parts. Plant propagation can refer to both man-made and natural processes.

Propagation typically occurs as a step in the overall cycle of plant growth. For seeds, it happens after ripening and dispersal; for vegetative parts, it happens after detachment or pruning; for asexually-reproducing plants, such as strawberry, it happens as the new plant develops from existing parts.

Countless plants are propagated each day in horticulture and agriculture.

Plant propagation is vital to agriculture and horticulture, not just for human food production but also for forest and fibre crops,  as well as traditional and herbal medicine. It is also important for plant breeding.
Lake Highlands station
Lake Highlands station is a DART rail station in the Lake Highlands neighborhood of Dallas, Texas. The station serves the Blue Line.

The station is located near the intersection of Skillman Street and Walnut Hill Lane at the Lake Highlands Town Center development. The station is about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) south of Lake Highlands High School and the Lake Highlands Recreation Center, both of which it is connected to via the Lake Highlands Trail.

As of May 2025, the station has the lowest weekday ridership of all Blue Line stations, with an average of 364 riders.

Lake Highlands High School
Lake Highlands High School (LHHS) is a secondary school serving grades 9–12 in the Lake Highlands area of northeastern Dallas, Texas, United States, primarily serving the Lake Highlands community. The school is part of the Richardson Independent School District and is in central Lake Highlands near the DART Blue Line. The Lake Highlands Freshman Center (which sits on the same property as LHHS) formerly housed the 9th-grade students, but has recently been integrated into the rest of the school, housing classes for all 9–12 students. The first graduating class of Lake Highlands High School was in 1964.
Bohdan Butenko
Bohdan Butenko (8 February 1931 – 14 October 2019) was a Polish cartoonist, illustrator, comic book writer and artist, as well as puppet designer.

His notable works include the comic series Kwapiszon, Gapiszon (Scatterbrain) cartoons, as well as Gucio i Cezar comics (written by Krystyna Boglar). He published his cartoons in numerous children's magazines, such as Płomyk, Płomyczek, Miś, Świerszczyk, as well as the magazines Szpilki and Przekrój, and illustrated numerous children's books.

He was awarded the Order of Polonia Restituta in 2011 and Order of the Smile in 2012.

Płomyczek
Płomyczek ('Little flame') is a Polish children's magazine established in 1917. It was created to accompany Płomyk, a magazine for older children and teens (defunct since 1991). Płomyczek is published in Warsaw.
Ozicrypta clarki
Ozicrypta clarki is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Barychelidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1994 by Australian arachnologists Robert Raven and Tracey Churchill. The specific epithet clarki honours Australian physicist Gregory John Clark, Director of Science and Technology at IBM Australia Ltd.

Arachnology
Arachnology (from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study") is the scientific study of arachnids, which comprise spiders and related invertebrates such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, ticks, and mites. Those who study spiders and other arachnids are arachnologists. More narrowly, the study of spiders alone (order Araneae) is known as araneology.

The word "arachnology" from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study". The Ancient Greek word for "spider" itself refers to Arachne, the female protagonist of an ancient tale of the Greek Mythology.
Line 1 (Guangzhou Huangpu Tram)
Guangzhou Huangpu Tram Line 1 (Chinese: 广州黄埔有轨电车1号线) is a tram line serving the Huangpu District of Guangzhou, operated by Guangzhou Trams. The initial section opened on 1 July 2020. The remaining section opened on 28 December 2020. It is 14.3 km (8.9 mi) in length with 20 stations, currently 19 stations are operational. It has connections with four Guangzhou Metro stations, Xiangxue, Shuixi, Luogang and Changping.

Huangpu, Guangzhou
Huangpu, alternately romanized as Whampoa, is one of 11 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong Province, China. Despite its name, it does not include Huangpu Island (now Pazhou) or its famous anchorage. Huangpu absorbed Guangzhou's former Luogang District in 2014. The district has been awarded the status of "Happiest District of China" in 2020.
Johannes Schenck
Johannes Schenck (or Johan Schenk, 3 June 1660–after 1712) was a Dutch musician and composer.

Schenck was born in Amsterdam and baptized in a Catholic hidden church. He became a renowned virtuoso viola da gamba player.

His compositions included music for a Dutch Singspiel, Bacchus, Ceres en Venus, which can claim to be the first opera in Dutch, and from which songs were published in 1687, as well as works for the viola da gamba. Around 1696 he accepted an appointment to the court of Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine in Düsseldorf. After Johann Wilhelm's death in 1716, the electoral court moved to Mannheim.

There is some uncertainty about the date of Schenck's death as there is no mention found in the Düsseldorf Protestant church records or parish and cemetery records in Amsterdam. His last known published work appeared in 1712. He is no longer mentioned in the list of court musicians compiled in 1717.

Clandestine church
A clandestine church (Dutch: schuilkerk), defined by historian Benjamin J. Kaplan as a "semi-clandestine church", is a house of worship used by religious minorities whose communal worship is tolerated by those of the majority faith on condition that it is discreet and not conducted in public spaces. Schuilkerken are commonly built inside houses or other buildings, and do not show a public façade to the street.  They were an important advance in religious tolerance in the wake of the Reformation, an era when worship services conducted by minority faiths were often banned and sometimes penalized by exile or execution.
Susanne Hoss
Susanne Hoss (born 1968 in East Berlin) is a German actress.

Hoss grew up in Berlin. She studied acting at the Theaterhochschule Hans Otto in Leipzig. During her studies, she played the female lead in the feature film Vorspiel and appeared on stage at the Staatsschauspiel Dresden as part of her practical training, making her stage debut as Marie in Christoph Hein's "Passage". Engagements at the Theater Erfurt and the Saarländisches Staatstheater Saarbrücken followed. Her classic roles in Saarbrücken included Mascha in Anton Chekhov's Three Sisters, Kunigunde in Das Käthchen von Heilbronn by Heinrich von Kleist and Portia in The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare. She received the acting prize for her portrayal of Ginevra in Merlin oder Das wüste Land by Tankred Dorst. She has also played leading roles in musicals such as Little Shop of Horrors, The Rocky Horror Show, Cyrano de Bergerac and City of Angels.

Theater Saarbrücken
Theater Saarbrücken, officially Saarländisches Staatstheater since 1971, is the state theatre of Saarland in its capital Saarbrücken, Germany. It has several divisions (opera, drama, dance, concert) and offers annually around 30 new productions in around 700 events for more than 200,000 people. Its venues are Großes Haus (Big House), Alte Feuerwache (Old Fire Station), Congresshalle (Conference Hall) and sparte4 (area 4). While theatre in Saarbrücken has a long history, the present main venue was completed in 1938, with plans commissioned by the Nazi regime.
Leonard Savill
Christianity portal

Leonard Savill (1869–1959) was an eminent Anglican clergyman in the mid 20th century.

Savill was educated at Charterhouse; Jesus College, Cambridge; and Ripon College, Cuddesdon. He was ordained as  deacon in 1892; and priest in 1894. He was a curate at St Bartholomew-the-Great, Smithfield from 1902 until 1916. He was the incumbent at Swanley and Dartford from 1916 to 1925; and Rural Dean of Dartford from 1919 to 1925, before his appointment as Tonbridge. He retired in 1939, and died on 21 October, 1959. Savill was buried at Turners Hill, West Sussex.

St Bartholomew-the-Great
51°31′7.92″N 0°05′58.77″W﻿ / ﻿51.5188667°N 0.0996583°W﻿ / 51.5188667; -0.0996583

The Priory Church of St Bartholomew the Great, sometimes abbreviated to St-Barts-the-Great, is a medieval church in the Church of England's Diocese of London located in Smithfield within the City of London. The building was founded as an Augustinian priory in 1123. It adjoins St Bartholomew's Hospital of the same foundation.

St Bartholomew the Great is named to distinguish it from its neighbouring smaller church of St Bartholomew the Less, founded at the same time within the precincts of St Bartholomew's Hospital as a chapel of ease. The two parish churches were reunited in 2012 under the benefice of Great St Bartholomew. Today the buildings house a lively and growing parish with services taking place in both buildings throughout the week.
Bert Ramelson
Baruch Rahmilevich Mendelson (22 March 1910 – 13 April 1994), commonly known as Bert Ramelson, was an industrial organiser and politician for the Communist Party of Great Britain. He held the post of National Industrial Organiser from 1965 to 1977, and was editor and a member of editorial board of the World Marxist Review from 1977 to 1990.

Party organizer
A party organizer or local party organizer is a position in some political parties in charge of the establishing a party organization in a certain locality.

Herbert Ames wrote in his 1911 article "Organization of Political Parties in Canada" :

It is the aim of the party to have every county in Canada come under the supervision of some permanent organization. <...> A central office <...> is created for such a group. Here is installed a salaried official, party organizer. His duty is to revive existing local political organizations throughout the constituencies, to assist their members by correspondence and occasional visits, and, where there is as yet no political club, to gather together the sympathetic, and aid in forming a working combination. The main objective of the party organizer is to create the machinery whereby a truly representative convention may be convened, and acceptable candidate chosen, and the organization for securing success at the polls brought into being.
South African PGA Championship
The South African PGA Championship is one of the most prestigious golf tournaments on the Sunshine Tour. It has most recently been played in November, with a prize fund of R 3,000,000. It is currently held at St Francis Links in St Francis Bay.

South African rand
The South African rand, or simply the rand, (sign: R; code: ZAR) is the official currency of South Africa. It is subdivided into 100 cents (sign: "c"), and a comma separates the rand and cents.

The South African rand is legal tender in the Common Monetary Area member states of Namibia, Lesotho, and Eswatini, with these three countries also having national currencies (the dollar, the loti, and the lilangeni respectively) pegged with the rand at parity and still widely accepted as substitutes. The rand was also legal tender in Botswana until 1976, when the pula replaced the rand at par.

The rand is legal tender in Zimbabwe as part of its multiple currency system, which also includes other currencies such as the euro, the pound sterling, the US dollar, and the Zimbabwean ZiG.
James M. Hull College of Business
The James M. Hull College of Business at Augusta University offers four undergraduate degrees, as well as a Master of Business Administration. It is located on the Summerville campus, with classes primarily located in Allgood Hall. It is accredited by The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB), and has been named one of the top business schools in the country by The Princeton Review multiple times.

Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business
The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) is an American professional and accreditation organization. It was founded as the American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business in 1916 to provide accreditation to business schools.: 2  AACSB is one of three business program accreditors.

Not all members of the association are accredited;: 92  the association also does not accredit for-profit schools. In 2019, the association received ISO 9001 certification. The association was once known as the American Association of Collegiate Schools of Business and as the International Association for Management Education.
Lugaid Íardonn
Lugaid Íardonn, son of Énna Derg, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a High King of Ireland. His epithet, Old Irish for "dark brown", came from the colour of his hair. He succeeded his father, who had died of plague, to the throne, and ruled for nine years before he was killed at Ráth Clochair by Sírlám, son of Finn mac Blatha. The Lebor Gabála Érenn synchronises his reign with that of Artaxerxes I of Persia (465–424 BC). The chronology of Geoffrey Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn dates his reign to 658–649 BC, that of the Annals of the Four Masters to 881–872 BC.

Annals of the Four Masters
The Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland (Middle Irish: Annála Ríoghachta Éireann) or the Annals of the Four Masters (Annála na gCeithre Máistrí) are chronicles of medieval Irish history. The entries span from the Deluge, dated as 2,242 years after creation to AD 1616.

The work was compiled between 1632 and 1636 under the direction of Mícheál Ó Cléirigh and his collaborators, collectively known as the Four Masters. According to modern scholarship, the compilation began at the Franciscan house of refuge at Bundrowes (Bun Drobhaoise) in Bundoran, County Donegal, which served as a base for the friars following the destruction of their original monastery at Donegal Town.
Butyriboletus querciregius
Butyriboletus querciregius is a pored mushroom  in the genus Butyriboletus. Found in California, where it grows in a mycorrhizal association with coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia), it was described as new to science in 2014.

Quercus agrifolia
Quercus agrifolia, the California live oak, or coast live oak, is an evergreen live oak native to the California Floristic Province. Live oaks are so-called because they keep living leaves on the tree all year, adding young leaves and shedding dead leaves simultaneously rather than dropping dead leaves en masse in the autumn like a true deciduous tree. Coast live oaks may be shrubby, depending on age and growing location, but is generally a medium-sized tree. It grows west of the Sierra Nevada mountain range from Mendocino County, California, south to northern Baja California in Mexico. It is classified in the red oak section of oaks (Quercus sect. Lobatae), subsection Agrifoliae.

This species is commonly sympatric with canyon live oak (Q. chrysolepis), and the two may be hard to distinguish because their spinose leaves are superficially similar.
The Sword and the Cross
The Sword and the Cross (Italian: La spada e la croce) is a 1958 Italian religious drama film directed by Carlo Ludovico Bragaglia and starring Yvonne De Carlo as Mary Magdalene. Shot in English and later dubbed in Italian, the film was released in the United States in 1960 as Mary Magdalene.

Jorge Mistral
Modesto Llosas Rosell (24 November 1920 – 20 April 1972), known professionally as Jorge Mistral, was a Spanish film actor. During the 1940s, he became a star in films produced by CIFESA. In the 1950s, he lived and worked in Mexico and appeared in Luis Buñuel's Abismos de pasión in 1954. Later, in the 1960s, he directed three films.
Epigonidae
Epigonidae, the deepwater cardinalfishes, are a family of acropomatiform ray-finned fishes. The family includes about 43 species. Despite their name, they are not closely related to the true cardinalfishes of the family Apogonidae.

They are small fishes: the largest, Epigonus telescopus, reaches 75 cm (30 in) in length, and most grow to no more than 20 cm (7.9 in) or so.

They are found in temperate and tropical oceans throughout the world. They are bathydemersal fishes (inhabiting deep waters close to the sea bed) and have been found at depths of 3,000 m (9,800 ft).

Fossil epigonid skeletons, tentatively assigned to Epigonus, are known from the earliest Eocene-aged Danata Formation of Turkmenistan.

Ypresian
In the geologic timescale the Ypresian is the oldest age or lowest stratigraphic stage of the Eocene. It spans the time between 56 and 48.07 Ma, is preceded by the Thanetian Age (part of the Paleocene) and is followed by the Eocene Lutetian Age. The Ypresian is consistent with the Lower Eocene (Early Eocene).
Archibald John Macdonald (Prince Edward Island politician)
Archibald John Macdonald (October 10, 1834 – August 18, 1917) was a merchant and political figure in Prince Edward Island. He represented 5th Kings in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island as a Conservative member from 1872 to 1876 and from 1879 to 1912.

He was born in Panmure Island, the son of Hugh Macdonald and Catherine McDonald, and was educated at Georgetown and at the Central Academy (later Prince of Wales College) in Charlottetown. He went into business with his older brother Andrew Archibald and his younger brother Augustine Colin. In 1873, he married Marion Murphy. Macdonald was a justice of the peace, a customs collector at Georgetown and was also a consular agent for the United States. He served as a member of the province's Executive Council from 1873 to 1876 and again in 1883.

Macdonald was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1876. He also served as sheriff for Kings County. He died in Georgetown at the age of 72.

Kings County, Prince Edward Island
Kings County (2021 population 18,327) is located in eastern Prince Edward Island, Canada.

It is the province's smallest, most rural and least-populated county.  Kings County is also least dependent upon the agriculture industry compared with the other two counties, while being more heavily dependent on the fishery and forest industry.  Comparatively large parts of the county are still forested and it hosts the province's largest sawmill.  The only heavy industry, aside from forestry and industrial farming, is a small shipyard, although secondary manufacturing has been established in recent years.

The county was named by Capt. Samuel Holland in 1765 for King George III (1738–1820). As such, Kings County's shire town is Georgetown. The largest community in the county, also within the town of Three Rivers, is Montague.
Randy Scruggs
Randy Lynn Scruggs (August 3, 1953 – April 17, 2018) was an American music producer, songwriter and guitarist. He had his first recording at the age of 13. He won four Grammy Awards and was named Musician of the Year at the Country Music Association Awards three times. He was the middle son of Earl Scruggs and Louise Scruggs.

Louise Scruggs
Louise Scruggs (née Certain 17 February 1927 — 2 February 2006) was an American music manager and booking agent. Scruggs became the first woman manager in the music industry when she started managing American bluegrass band Flatt and Scruggs in 1955. She was posthumously awarded the Joe Talbot Award in 2006 and inducted into the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame in 2010.