hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bagpipe theorem
In mathematics, the bagpipe theorem of Peter Nyikos (1984) describes the structure of the connected (but possibly non-paracompact) ω-bounded surfaces by showing that they are "bagpipes": the connected sum of a compact "bag" with several "long pipes".

Connected sum
In mathematics, specifically in topology, the operation of connected sum is a geometric modification on manifolds. Its effect is to join two given manifolds together near a chosen point on each. This construction plays a key role in the classification of closed surfaces.

More generally, one can also join manifolds together along identical submanifolds; this generalization is often called the fiber sum.

There is also a closely related notion of a connected sum on knots, called the knot sum or composition of knots.
Korea Defense Service Medal
The Korea Defense Service Medal (KDSM) is a military service medal of the United States Armed Forces that was first created in 2002 when it was signed into law by President George W. Bush.  The bill to create the proposal was introduced and championed by Rep. Elton Gallegly (R-CA) and Sen. Jeff Bingaman (D-NM). Several designs for the medal were proposed; the selected design was done by John Sproston.

Those awarded the medal are eligible for membership in the Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) as well as the American Legion.

Elton Gallegly
Elton William Gallegly (born March 7, 1944) is a former U.S. representative from California. A Republican, he last represented California's 24th congressional district. He previously represented the 23rd and 21st Districts, and served from 1987 to 2013. He did not seek re-election in 2012.

Gallegly is the longest-serving congressional representative in Ventura County history.
Quillacollo Province
Quillacollo is a province in the Cochabamba Department, Bolivia.
It is known for its festival in August where people from all over Bolivia come and pay homage to the Virgin of Urqupiña (Virgen de Urqupiña). Quillacollo is said to be one of the fastest-growing cities in Bolivia.

Provinces of Bolivia
A province is the second largest administrative division in Bolivia, after a department. Each department is divided into provinces. There are 112 provinces.

The country's provinces are further divided into 337 municipalities which are administered by an alcalde and municipal council.
Jason McDonald
Jason Adam McDonald (born March 20, 1972), is an American former professional baseball player who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) primarily as an outfielder for the Oakland Athletics and Texas Rangers from 1997 to 2000.

McDonald attended Sacramento City College and the University of Houston. In 1993 he played collegiate summer baseball with the Cotuit Kettleers of the Cape Cod Baseball League. He was selected by Oakland in the 4th round of the 1993 MLB draft.

Sacramento City College
Sacramento City College (SCC) is a public community college in Sacramento, California. SCC is part of the Los Rios Community College District and had an enrollment of 25,307 in 2009. It is accredited by the Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges (ACCJC), offering Associate in Science (A.S) and Associate in Art (A.A.) degrees.
Kalianpur railway station
Kalyanpur railway station is a small railway station in Kanpur district, Uttar Pradesh. Its code is KAP. It serves Kalianpur city. The station consists of three platforms.

Formerly the metre-gauge line ran through Kalianpur and was connected to Brahmavarta station in Bithoor. But due to conversion of the metre-gauge railway line to broad-gauge line the railway route to Bithoor was subsequently closed and the Brahvarta station now remains deserted. The Indian Railways have decided to extend line from Mandhana Central-Safipur Junction via Brahmavart. There were vital demands from the public to restart the railway route connecting Kanpur Central railway station to Brahmavarta, Bithoor though the matter remains reserved.

Kanpur Nagar district
Kanpur Nagar district, meaning Urban Kanpur District is one of the districts of the Uttar Pradesh state of India. It is a part of Kanpur division and its district headquarters is Kanpur. Kanpur was formerly spelled Cawnpore.
Charles Martin (Oregon politician)
Charles Henry Martin (October 1, 1863 – September 22, 1946) was an American Army officer and later politician in the state of Oregon. A native of Illinois, he had a 40-year career in the military including serving in conflicts from the Spanish–American War to World War I before retiring as a major general. A Democrat, he was the U.S. representative for Oregon's 3rd congressional district from 1931 to 1935 and then was the state's 21st governor from 1935 to 1939. From 1923 to 1924 he was vice president, from 1924 to 1925 president of the Aztec Club of 1847.

Aztec Club of 1847
The Aztec Club of 1847 is a military society founded in 1847 by United States Army officers of the Mexican–American War. It is a male-only hereditary organization with membership of those who can trace a direct ancestral connection "based on male descent" to those initially eligible or have a "collateral relationship to fourth cousin". Membership is by invitation only and has no membership dues.

Similar to the earlier Society of the Cincinnati, which arose out of the officer class of the American Revolutionary War, the Aztec Club was a precursor of veterans' organizations such as the Grand Army of the Republic, the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, and the United Confederate Veterans, which veteran officers formed after the American Civil War.
Kazunori Kubota
Kazunori Kubota (窪田 和則, Kubota Kazunori; born 13 December 1975) is a Japanese judoka.

Kubota is from Kawasaki, Kanagawa. He began judo at the age of a 2nd grader and after graduation from Kokushikan University, he belonged to Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department

Kubota received a gold medal at the Jigoro Kano Cup in 1996 and silver medal at the World Masters Munich in 1997. He also participate Asian Games in 1998, but defeated by Kwak Ok-Chol from North Korea

As of 2009, Kubota coaches judo at All-Japan national team and Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department.

Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department
The Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department (TMPD) (警視庁, Keishichō), known locally as simply the Metropolitan Police Department (MPD), is the prefectural police of Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. Founded in 1874, the TMPD is the largest police force in Japan by number of officers, with a staff of more than 40,000 police officers and over 2,800 civilian personnel.

The TMPD is headed by a Superintendent-General, who is appointed by the National Public Safety Commission and approved by the prime minister. It manages 10 divisions and 102 stations across the Metropolis.

The TMPD's headquarters are located in Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda, Tokyo. Built in 1980, it is 18 stories tall, and is a large wedge-shaped building with a cylindrical tower. The HQ building is located opposite of Sakurada Gate of Tokyo Imperial Palace, which is the reason why it is metonymically called "Sakurada Gate".
Otopharynx tetrastigma
Otopharynx tetrastigma is a species of cichlid native to Lake Malawi, Lake Malombe and the upper reaches of the Shire River.  This species can reach a length of 16 centimetres (6.3 in) TL.  It can also be found in the aquarium trade.

Lake Malombe
Lake Malombe is a lake in southern part of Malawi. It is located on the Shire River, in the Southern Region around 14°40′0″S 35°15′0″E﻿ / ﻿14.66667°S 35.25000°E﻿ / -14.66667; 35.25000, about 20 km (12 mi) south of much larger Lake Malawi. It has an area of about 450 km2 (170 mi2). In recent years the number of fishermen on the lake has risen substantially, and this has led to local decline in some fish species, especially the chambo cichlids which is an important source of food throughout Malawi.  The lake is extremely shallow with an average depth of approximately eight feet, and during periods of dry weather the water level recedes and can even disappear.

The lake-bed was dry for several hundred years until it refilled in the middle of the 19th century.
General Squier Memorial Park
The General Squier Memorial Park is a park located at 4725 South Mill Road in Dryden Township in southeastern Lapeer County, Michigan. It was designated as a Michigan Historic Site on June 6, 1977 and later added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 5, 1986, as the Dryden Community Country Club–General Squier Historic Park Complex. The site is also known locally as the General George Squier Club or General Squier County Park.

Dryden Township, Michigan
Dryden Township is a civil township in Lapeer County in the U.S. state of Michigan, named in honor of the literary critic, John Dryden. The population was 4,799 at the 2020 census. The village of Dryden is located within the township.

When it was first organized, the township was called Lomond Township but was given its present name by 1846.
Giriyak
Giriyak is a village and community development block located on the bank of the Panchane River in Nalanda district of Bihar, India. It is located about 15 kilometres (9.3 miles) east of Rajgir, 26 kilometres (16 miles) south of Bihar Sharif, the district headquarters, and 95 kilometres (59 miles) southeast of Patna, the state capital.

Giriyak stupa — a Gupta-era Buddhist stupa — is located on the western side of the Panchane River, opposite the village of Giriyak.

Nalanda district
Nalanda district is one of the thirty-eight districts of the state of Bihar in India. Bihar Sharif is the administrative headquarters of this district. The districts is home to the ancient Nalanda Mahavihara a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Nalanda is located in the Magadh region of southern Bihar.
Houshayu, Beijing
Houshayu Town (Chinese: 后沙峪镇; pinyin: Hòushāyù Zhèn) is a town located on the western side of Shunyi District, Beijing, China. It shares border with Gaoliying Town in the north, Nanfaxin Town and Capital Airport Subdistrict in the east, Konggang Subdistrict in the south, and Beiqijia Town in the west. It had a population of 74,841 as of 2020.

The town's name originated in the Yuan dynasty. At the time the settlement in this region was called Shayu (Chinese: 沙峪; lit. 'Sand Ravine') for its concaved landscape and being covered in sands. It was split into two villages in the Ming dynasty, and Houshayu became the predecessor of the town today.

Capital Airport Subdistrict
Capital Airport Subdistrict (Chinese: 首都机场街道; pinyin: Shǒudū Jīchǎng Jiēdào) is a subdistrict and an exclave of Chaoyang District, Beijing, China. It borders Nanfaxin and Houshayu Towns to the north, and Tianzhu Town to other three directions. It hosts Terminal 1 and 2 of the Beijing Capital International Airport, and as of 2020, it had a population of 16,837. Terminal 3 of Beijing Capital International Airport is located in Tianzhu, Shunyi District, Beijing.
Kilian Hennessy
Kilian Hennessy (French pronunciation: [kiljɑ̃ ɛnɛsi]; 19 February 1907 – 1 October 2010) was a French business magnate of Irish extraction, and co-patriarch, with his first cousin Maurice, of the Hennessy cognac company.

Kilian Hennessy, the son of Jean Hennessy and Marguerite de Mun, was a direct, fifth-generation descendant of Richard Hennessy, who founded Hennessy in 1765. He became the CEO of Hennessy during the 1970s and spearheaded the 1971 merger with the Moët et Chandon champagne company. The merger resulted in the creation of Moët Hennessy, which in turn became a part of the new LVMH in 1987, becoming Moët-Hennessy • Louis Vuitton. Hennessy remained a member of the luxury group's advisory board until his death in 2010.

Hennessy's grandson, who shares his name, founded a niche perfume line called By Kilian; in 2016, the younger Hennessy sold the line to Estée Lauder rather than LVMH.

The Estée Lauder Companies
The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. (/ˈɛsteɪ ˈlɔːdər/ EST-ay LAW-dər) is an American multinational cosmetics company, a manufacturer and marketer of makeup, skincare, perfume, and hair care products, based in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. It is the second largest cosmetics company in the world after L'Oréal. The company owns a diverse portfolio of brands, including La Mer, Jo Malone London, Clinique and Tom Ford Beauty, among many more, distributed internationally through both digital commerce and retail channels.
Roumeliotis
Roumeliotis is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Damaskinos Roumeliotis, Greek Orthodox Metropolitan of Maronia and Komotini

Nikolaos Roumeliotis, Greek volleyball player

Panagiotis Roumeliotis, Greek economist

Stergios Roumeliotis, engineer at the University of Minnesota

Stergios Roumeliotis
Stergios Roumeliotis is an engineer and adjunct professor at the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. He was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2016 for his contributions to visual-inertial navigation and cooperative localization.
Mind Tricks
Mind Tricks is the third full-length studio album by the Italian melodic death metal band Disarmonia Mundi, released on 12 June 2006 by Scarlet Records. Like its predecessor, this album again features Björn "Speed" Strid on vocals, but does not feature bassist Mirco Andreis, who decided to leave the band to concentrate on his career as a video clip director. Mirco directed the video for the song "Celestial Furnace", but did not appear in the video. The music of the album was written and recorded by Ettore Rigotti in 3 weeks, with all lyrics written by Claudio Ravinale in a few days. The album features a Pantera cover version of the song "Mouth for War". The Japanese release of the album includes a bonus track from a 2002 demo entitled, "Moon of Glass". The Korean release included a bonus track entitled "Chester". The cover art features a manipulated image from the 2005 film Sin City featuring actress Makenzie Vega as a young Nancy Callahan.

Scarlet Records
Scarlet Records is an Italian independent record label based in Milan. It is most notable for featuring two side projects from Soilwork front-man Björn "Speed" Strid, as well as bands like Agent Steel, Royal Hunt, Skyclad, Eldritch, Hatesphere, Labyrinth, Dark Moor, DGM and more. Founded in 1998, Scarlet Records has released more than 400 albums. In 2011 Scarlet Records entered a distribution deal with Entertainment One Distribution for the North American distribution of its new releases and extensive physical and digital catalog. In 2021 become a limited company.
Limited good
In anthropology, limited good is the theory commonly held in traditional societies that there is a limited amount of "good" to go around. In other words, the amount of land, money, etc. available is held to be finite, so every time one person profits, another loses.

Societies that subscribe to this philosophy tend to display strong levels of equality among members and to be strongly resistant to social change.

The term was coined by George M. Foster in his 1965 article, "Peasant Society and the Image of Limited Good", in the American Anthropologist. The concept has been described by Allen as the rural counterpart of the culture of poverty. The Mexican peasants (in Tzintzuntzan, Michoacán) Foster studied were seen by him to lack interest in new opportunities because of their perception of the world as a "competitive game." This led to a high level of distrust and envy, and fragile and constantly shifting patterns of alignment.

Social change
Social change is the alteration of the social order of a society which may include changes in social institutions, social behaviours or social relations. Sustained at a larger scale, it may lead to social transformation or societal transformation.
Salmagundi
Salmagundi (alternatively salmagundy or sallid magundi) is a cold dish or salad made from different ingredients which may include meat, seafood, eggs, cooked and raw vegetables, fruits, or pickles. In English culture, the term does not refer to a single recipe but describes the grand presentation of a large plated salad of many disparate ingredients. These can be arranged in layers or geometrical designs on a plate or mixed. The ingredients are then drizzled with a dressing. The dish includes a wide range of flavours and colours and textures on a single plate. Often recipes allow the cook to add various ingredients which may be available at hand, producing many variations of the dish. Flowers from broom and sweet violet are often used.

Viola odorata
Viola odorata is a species of flowering plant in the family Violaceae. The small hardy herbaceous perennial is commonly known as wood violet, sweet violet, English violet, common violet, florist's violet, or garden violet.

The plant is native to Eurasia. The leaves and flowers are edible and have been used to make fragrances.
Fala Flow
Fala Flow or Fala Moor is an area of upland blanket bog on the edge of the Lammermuir Hills, in Midlothian, Scotland. Located north of the village of Fala, around 15 km south east of Edinburgh, an area of 318 hectares has been designated as a Ramsar Site since 1990.

The site is a blanket upland mire with some pools, developed at a lower altitude than most blanket bogs in Midlothian. It supports an  internationally important population of pink-footed geese, with around 3% of the Greenland and Iceland populations overwintering at the site.

As well as being recognised as a wetland of international importance under the Ramsar Convention, Fala Flow has also been designated a Special Protection Area and a Site of Special Scientific Interest. The SSSI designation has been in place since 1986 and was last assessed in 2016.

Midlothian
Midlothian (/mɪdˈloʊðiən/; Scottish Gaelic: Meadhan Lodainn) is registration county, lieutenancy area and one of 32 council areas of Scotland used for local government. Midlothian lies in the east-central Lowlands, bordering the City of Edinburgh council area, East Lothian and the Scottish Borders. The modern council area was formed in 1975 when the historic county of Midlothian, also known as Edinburghshire, was altered substantially as part of local government reforms; its southern part formed a new Midlothian District within the Region of Lothian, whilst areas on the peripheries were assigned to other districts and the city of Edinburgh, which had always been autonomous to an extent, was formally separated as the City of Edinburgh District. In 1996 Midlothian became a unitary authority area, using the same name and territory as in 1975.
Fredrik Henrik af Chapman
Vice-Admiral Fredrik Henrik af Chapman (9 September 1721 – 19 August 1808) was a Swedish Navy officer, shipwright and scientist. Serving as the manager of the Karlskrona shipyard from 1782 to 1793, Chapman has been credited as the first person to apply scientific methods to shipbuilding and is considered to be the first naval architect.

Chapman was the author of Architectura Navalis Mercatoria (1768) and several other shipbuilding-related works. His Tractat om Skepps-Byggeriet ("Treatise on Shipbuilding") published in 1775 is a pioneering work in modern naval architecture. He was the first shipbuilder in Northern Europe to introduce prefabrication in shipyards and managed to produce several series of ships in record time. He was ennobled as "af Chapman" in 1772, after the successful coup of Gustav III of Sweden.

Naval architecture
Naval architecture, or naval engineering, is an engineering discipline incorporating elements of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software and safety engineering as applied to the engineering design process, shipbuilding, maintenance, and operation of marine vessels and structures. Naval architecture involves basic and applied research, design, development, design evaluation (classification) and calculations during all stages of the life of a marine vehicle. Preliminary design of the vessel, its detailed design, construction, trials, operation and maintenance, launching and dry-docking are the main activities involved. Ship design calculations are also required for ships being modified (by means of conversion, rebuilding, modernization, or repair). Naval architecture also involves formulation of safety regulations and damage-control rules and the approval and certification of ship designs to meet statutory and non-statutory requirements.
At My Front Door
"At My Front Door" is a song written by Ewart Abner and John Moore and performed by The El Dorados. It reached #1 on the U.S. R&B chart and #17 on the U.S. pop chart in 1955.  The song was featured on their 1957 album, Crazy Little Mama.

Johnny Moore (singer)
John Alfred Moore (December 14, 1934 – December 30, 1998) was an American rhythm and blues singer with the Drifters. He was one of the group's principal lead singers, leading on many of their hit singles, and was a 1988 inductee into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with The Drifters.
Maari (TV series)
Maari is a 2022 Indian-Tamil language Supernatural television series. The first season of the series starred Ashika Padukone and Adarsh HS. The main plot of the series was taken from Bengali language Zee Bangla's series Trinayani.

The second season of the series follows the 5-year leap and continuation of first season and it stars Nakshatra Srinivas, Sugesh Rajendran, Baby Anjali in the leads. The story revolves around a girl named Maari, who can foresee the future. It premiered on Zee Tamil from 4 July 2022 and ended with 1068 episodes from 1 November 2025.

Trinayani (Bengali TV series)
Trinayani is an Indian Bengali language television  supernatural soap opera that premiered on 4 March 2019 and aired on Bengali GEC Zee Bangla. The show starred Gourab Roy Chowdhury and Shruti Das. The story of the girl who can foresee the future was well received by the audience.
Wilberforce River
The Wilberforce River is a river in the Southern Alps of New Zealand.  It is located in western Canterbury and is naturally a tributary of the Rakaia River, but like the Harper River, it has had some of its flow diverted into Lake Coleridge as part of a hydroelectricity project.  This diversion boosted the output of the Coleridge Power Station and was established in 1977.

An early proposal for the route of the Midland Line railway from Christchurch to Westland involved extending the Whitecliffs Branch to the West Coast via the Wilberforce River and Browning Pass / Nōti Raureka.  This was one of the proposals rejected in favour of a route via Arthur's Pass.

Midland line (New Zealand)
The Midland line is a 212 km section of railway between Rolleston  and Greymouth in the South Island of New Zealand. The line features five major bridges, five viaducts and 17 tunnels, the longest of which is the Otira tunnel. It is the route of the popular TranzAlpine passenger train.
Tustumena 200
The Tustumena 200 Sled Dog Race is a dog sled race on the Kenai Peninsula of Alaska covering 200 miles. Established in 1983, the race is run each year on the last weekend in January, and has grown in reputation to draw competitive distance mushers from Alaska, the lower 48, and international locations. The Tustumena 200 (known locally as the T200) boasts one of the highest purses for a dog sled race in its class.  The minimum guaranteed purse is $25,000 and has been as high as $30,000. The Bogus Creek 150, a companion event to the Kuskokwim 300, based in Bethel, Alaska, has a guaranteed annual purse of $60,000.

Kenai Peninsula
The Kenai Peninsula (Dena'ina: Yaghenen) is a large peninsula jutting from the coast of Southcentral Alaska. The name Kenai (/ˈkiːnaɪ/, KEE-ny) is derived from the word "Kenaitze" or "Kenaitze Indian Tribe", the name of the Native Athabascan Alaskan tribe, the Kahtnuht’ana Dena’ina ("People along the Kahtnu (Kenai River)"), who historically inhabited the area. They called the Kenai Peninsula Yaghanen ("the good land").