hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sunshine Comedies
Sunshine Comedies is a silent film era line of comedic short films. The two-reel film series was produced by Fox Film beginning in 1916. Actors featured in the series include Slim Summerville, Billie Ritchie, Ethel Teare, and Eli Nadel (as a child). Many of the comedies are lost but some survive. They were produced from 1917 until 1925.

Comedian Al St. John appeared in and directed  many of them during his three years with Fox after which he departed to work on Tuxedo Comedies (see Al St. John filmography for details).

Alice Davenport, Bobby Dunn, and  Charles Lakin were among the many supporting cast members. Beginning in 1918, Winifred Westover had leading roles in some of the Sunshine Comedies opposite Hugh Fay and Jimmie Adams.

Fox Film
The Fox Film Corporation (also known as Fox Studios) was an American independent company that produced motion pictures and was formed in 1915 by the theater "chain" pioneer William Fox. It was the corporate successor to his earlier Greater New York Film Rental Company and Box Office Attraction Company (founded 1913).

The company's first film studios were set up in Fort Lee, New Jersey, but in 1917, William Fox sent Sol M. Wurtzel to Hollywood, California, to oversee the studio's new West Coast production facilities, where the climate was more hospitable for filmmaking. On July 23, 1926, Fox Studios bought the patents of the Movietone sound system for recording sound onto film.

After the Wall Street crash of 1929, William Fox lost control of the company in 1930, during a hostile takeover. Under new president Sidney R. Kent, the new owners merged the company with Twentieth Century Pictures to form Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation (later 20th Century Studios) in 1935.
Refusal to serve in a public office
Refusal to serve in a public office was an offence under the common law of England and Wales and Ireland. The offence is currently regarded as obsolete, and it extended only to the appointment of high sheriffs.

As a common law offence, it was tried on indictment and could be punished by an unlimited fine and/or period of imprisonment. In 1897, Captain Conway Higginson was prosecuted by writ of criminal information at the Queen's Bench in Dublin for refusing to serve as high sheriff of the county of the town of Carrickfergus. Peter O'Brien, the Lord Chief Justice of Ireland, regarded it as a test case; he directed the jury to find Higginson guilty and fined him £5.

Members of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom or candidates for election were exempt from the requirement to accept public office where it would cause them to be disqualified from being MPs, although this exemption did not extend to requirements to serve in the armed forces.

Lord Chief Justice of Ireland
The Court of King's Bench (or Court of Queen's Bench during the reign of a Queen) was one of the senior courts of common law in Ireland. It was a mirror of the Court of King's Bench in England. The Lord Chief Justice was the most senior judge in the court, and the second most senior Irish judge under English rule and later when Ireland became part of the United Kingdom. Additionally, for a brief period between 1922 and 1924, the Lord Chief Justice of Ireland was the most senior judge in the Irish Free State.
Antique firearms
An antique firearm is a term used to describe a firearm that was designed and manufactured prior to the beginning of the 20th century. Although the exact definition of what constitutes an "antique firearm" varies between countries, the advent of smokeless powder or the start of the Boer War are often used as cut-off dates. Antique firearms are usually collected because of their historical interest and/or their monetary value.

National Firearms Act
The National Firearms Act (NFA), 73rd Congress, Sess. 2, ch. 757, 48 Stat. 1236 was enacted on June 26, 1934, and currently codified and amended as I.R.C. ch. 53. The law is an Act of Congress in the United States that, in general, imposes an excise tax on the manufacture and transfer of certain firearms and mandates the registration of those firearms. The NFA is also referred to as Title II of the federal firearms laws, with the Gun Control Act of 1968 ("GCA") as Title I.

All transfers of ownership of registered NFA firearms must be done through the National Firearms Registration and Transfer Record (the "NFA registry"). The NFA also requires that the permanent transport of NFA firearms across state lines by the owner must be reported to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). Temporary transports of some items, most notably suppressors (also referred to as silencers), do not need to be reported.
Edgar Mayhew Bacon
Edgar Mayhew Bacon (5 June 1855 – 14 December 1935) was a Bahamian author and artist.

Bacon was born in Nassau,  New  Providence,  Bahamas on 5 June 1855. He later moved to Tarrytown on Hudson, New York State in the United States and became an artist.

Tarrytown, New York
Tarrytown is a village in the town of Greenburgh in Westchester County, New York, United States, in the New York metropolitan area. It is located on the eastern bank of the Hudson River, approximately 25 miles (40 km) north of Midtown Manhattan in New York City, and is served by a stop on the Metro-North Hudson Line. To the north of Tarrytown is the village of Sleepy Hollow (formerly North Tarrytown). The Tappan Zee Bridge crosses the Hudson at Tarrytown, carrying the New York State Thruway (Interstates 87 and 287) to South Nyack, Rockland County and points in Upstate New York. The population was 11,860 at the 2020 census.

Historically, the name "Tarrytown" was applied to a wider area around the village, including the neighboring communities of what is now Sleepy Hollow, Pocantico Hills, and Eastview; Sleepy Hollow was once considered a suburb of Tarrytown.
Jamie Lowther-Pinkerton
Anthony James Moxon Lowther-Pinkerton, LVO, MBE, DL (born 28 September 1960) is the former Private Secretary to the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and to Prince Harry. He was appointed on 2 May 2005 and resigned as full-time Private Secretary with effect from September 2013, remaining for a single day a week in order to mentor and advise the younger staff who succeeded him.

From 1979 to 1998, he was an officer in the British Army. He served with the Irish Guards and the Special Air Service (SAS), including in the first Gulf War, and in Colombia and the Balkans.

He is godfather to Prince George.

Private Secretary to the Sovereign
The private secretary to the sovereign is the senior operational member of the Royal Household of the sovereign of the United Kingdom (as distinct from the great officers of the Household, whose duties are largely ceremonial). The private secretary is the principal channel of communication between the monarch and the governments in most of the Commonwealth realms. They also have responsibility for the official programme and correspondence of the sovereign. Through these roles the position wields considerable influence. This is one of the most senior positions within the Royal Household.

The current private secretary position is held by Sir Clive Alderton.
Erie Metropolitan Transit Authority
The Erie Metropolitan Transit Authority (EMTA) is the Municipal Authority that owns and operates the public transport system in Erie County, Pennsylvania which includes the 'e', the area's transit buses; LIFT, the county paratransit service; and Bayliner Trolley, the downtown circulator.

Downtown circulator
In the United States, a downtown circulator is a road, bus or streetcar system to distribute traffic or people through a downtown area.

Examples include:

Miami, Florida's Downtown Distributor

Pawtucket, Rhode Island's Downtown Circulator

The former DC Circulator bus system in Washington, D.C.

Tulsa, Oklahoma's Inner Dispersal Loop formed by I-444 (Unsigned) and I-244.

Kansas City, Missouri's downtown freeway loop

Molly the Trolley of Trinity Metro in downtown Fort Worth. One everyday line and one lunch weekday line.

Lymmo of LYNX (Central Florida Regional Transportation Authority) in Orlando. Four lines.

Music City Circuit of WeGo Public Transit of Nashville. Two free lines.
Sonia Petrone
Sonia Petrone is an Italian mathematical statistician, known for her work in Bayesian statistics, including use of Bernstein polynomials for nonparametric methods in Bayesian statistics.[RBP][BDE][CPP] With Patrizia Campagnoli and Giovanni Petris she is the author of the book Dynamic Linear Models with R (Springer, 2009).[DLM]

Nonparametric statistics
Nonparametric statistics is a type of statistical analysis that makes minimal assumptions about the underlying distribution of the data being studied. Often these models are infinite-dimensional, rather than finite dimensional, as in parametric statistics. Nonparametric statistics can be used for descriptive statistics or statistical inference. Nonparametric tests are often used when the assumptions of parametric tests are evidently violated.
Luishia Mine
Luishia mine (French: Mine de Luishia) was an open pit copper and cobalt mine in Katanga Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
A concession to the south of the mine has recently been opened to exploitation.

Katanga Province
Katanga was one of the four large provinces created in the Belgian Congo in 1914.
It was one of the eleven provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo between 1966 and 2015, when it was split into the Tanganyika, Haut-Lomami, Lualaba, and Haut-Katanga provinces. Between 1971 and 1997 (during the rule of Mobutu Sese Seko when Congo was known as Zaire), its official name was Shaba Province.

Katanga's area encompassed 497,000 square kilometres (192,000 sq mi). Farming and ranching are carried out on the Katanga Plateau. The eastern part of the province is a rich mining region which supplies cobalt, copper, tin, radium, uranium, and diamonds. The region's former capital, Lubumbashi, is the second-largest city in the Congo.
Gate lice
Gate lice is a pejorative term used to describe a phenomenon observed among air travelers where passengers gather in front of boarding gates before their designated boarding time. The term has gained recognition within the community of frequent flyers, particularly on platforms such as Flyertalk. This phenomenon may make the boarding process more cumbersome. For instance, it can lead to congestion, longer wait times for those who have prioritized boarding, and confusion. To avoid behaving in this manner, it is recommended to stay in one's seat until one's boarding zone is called.

FlyerTalk
FlyerTalk (stylized in lowercase) is an Internet forum for discussion of airline frequent-flyer programs, hotel loyalty programs and other issues related to travel. The site was founded in 1998 by Randy Petersen and was acquired by Internet Brands in 2007.
Wil–Kreuzlingen railway
The Wil–Kreuzlingen railway is a largely single-track standard-gauge line in northeastern Switzerland. It was built by the Mittelthurgaubahn; MThB), which was a Swiss private railway based in Weinfelden. It was liquidated in 2003, including its subsidiary Lokoop, and its activities and the infrastructure it owned were mainly taken over by a Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) subsidiary, Thurbo, which was originally formed as a joint venture between the MThB and the SBB.

Canton of St. Gallen
The canton of St. Gallen or St Gall (German: Kanton St. Gallen [zaŋkt ˈɡalən] ⓘ; Romansh: Chantun Son Gagl; French: Canton de Saint-Gall; Italian: Canton San Gallo) is a canton of Switzerland. Its capital is St. Gallen.

Located in northeastern Switzerland, the canton has an area of 2,026 km2 (782 sq mi) (5% of Switzerland) and a resident population close to half a million as of 2015 (6% of Switzerland). It was formed in 1803 as a conflation of the city of St. Gallen, the territories of the Abbey of St. Gall and various former subject territories of the Old Swiss Confederacy.
Jamaica at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Jamaica competed at the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, China, from 4 to 20 February 2022.

Jamaica's team consisted of seven athletes (six men and one woman) competing in two sports. Benjamin Alexander and Jazmine Fenlator-Victorian were the country's flagbearer during the opening ceremony. Meanwhile bobsledder Ronaldo Reid was the flagbearer during the closing ceremony.

2022 Winter Olympics closing ceremony
The 2022 Winter Olympics closing ceremony was held at the Beijing National Stadium in Beijing on 20 February 2022. As mandated by the Olympic Charter, the proceedings are expected to combine the formal ceremonial closing of this international sporting event (including closing speeches, hoisting of the flags, the parade of athletes, and the handover of the Olympic flag) with an artistic spectacle to showcase the culture and history of the current and next host nation (Italy) for the 2026 Winter Olympics in Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo.

The closing ceremony was directed by film director and producer Zhang Yimou, who also directed the opening ceremonies of the 2022 Winter Olympics and previously directed and produced the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2008 Summer Olympics.
Alexios Trantas
Alexios Trantas (March 1867 – 1960) was a Greek ophthalmologist born in Vourbiani, Epirus.

In 1891 he obtained his doctorate in Athens, continuing his education in Paris under Photinos Panas (1832–1903), Louis de Wecker (1832–1906) and Xavier Galezowski (1832–1907). In 1894 he founded an ophthalmology clinic at the "Greek hospital" in Constantinople, serving as director of this institute until 1922. From 1924 he worked as an ophthalmologist in Piraeus.

In 1898 he was the first physician to study the iridocorneal angle in a living human. With Swiss ophthalmologist Johann Friedrich Horner (1831–1886), "Horner-Trantas spots" are named, which are defined as small white-yellow chalky concretions of the conjunctiva around the corneal limbus.

Corneal limbus
The corneal limbus (Latin: corneal border) is a highly vascularized and pigmented zone between the cornea, conjunctiva, and the sclera (the white of the eye) that protects and heals the cornea. The cornea is composed of three primary cell types: epithelial cells, corneal fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. The corneal surface is one of the body's most specialized structures that undergoes continuous cellular renewal and regeneration. It contains limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) in the palisades of Vogt. Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) can lead to disorders where limbal stem cells are damaged or absent. Additional disorders involving the corneal limbus are caused by deficiencies in interactions between ocular structures, developmental anomalies, and cancer.

This article explores the structure, functions, disorders, and clinical significance of the corneal limbus.
Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia
The Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia or ERIA is an international organization established in Jakarta, Indonesia in 2008 by a formal agreement among Leaders of 16 countries in the East Asian region to conduct research activities and make policy recommendations for further economic integration in the East Asia. ERIA works very closely with both the ASEAN Secretariat and 16 Research Institutes to undertake and disseminate policy research under the three pillars, namely “Deepening Economic Integration”, ”Narrowing Development Gaps”, and “Sustainable Development” and provide analytical policy recommendations to Leaders and Ministers at their regional meetings. ERIA provides intellectual contributions to East Asian Community building and serves as a Sherpa international organization. ERIA Ranks 9th among the world's "Top International Economics Think Tanks" according to the 2020 Global Go To Think Tanks Index Report conducted by the University of Pennsylvania.

Liberalization
Liberalization  (American English) or liberalisation (British English) is a broad term that refers to the practice of making laws, systems, or opinions less severe, usually in the sense of eliminating certain government regulations or restrictions. The term is used most often in relation to economics, where it refers to economic liberalization, the removal or reduction of restrictions placed upon (a particular sphere of) economic activity. However, liberalization can also be used as a synonym for decriminalization or legalization (the act of making something legal after it used to be illegal), for example when describing drug liberalization.
Cementville
Cementville is a 1991 dark comedy play written by Jane Martin, a Pulitzer-nominated author. It premiered at the Humana Festival of New American Plays on 1991. The work has also been republished in several collections of modern American plays.

Set in a dingy arena locker room in a Tennessee rust town, the story follows a collection of run-down female professional wrestlers and their blow-hard manager as they try to put on a card of matches and everything goes wrong.

Manager (professional wrestling)
In professional wrestling, a manager is a supporting character paired with a wrestler (or wrestlers) for a variety of reasons. A woman accompanying, or "seconding", a male wrestler to a match is sometimes referred to as a valet.

Performers who assume this role may be non-wrestlers, occasional wrestlers, older wrestlers who have retired or are nearing retirement, the tag team partner of the wrestler they are managing, or new wrestlers who are breaking into the business (or a specific company) and need experience in front of the crowds. The wrestler who is paired with a manager may be referred to as their charge, client, or ward. A professional wrestling manager's portrayal as a wrestler's decision-maker is usually fictional and has nothing to do with a wrestler or promotion's real-world counterpart or road agent.
Ishaya Audu
Ishaya Sha'aibu Audu (Listenⓘ; 1 March 1927 – 29 August 2005) was a Nigerian doctor, professor, and politician. A Hausa, Christian, he served as minister of external affairs (foreign minister) from 1979 to 1983 under Shehu Shagari.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Nigeria)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Nigeria is a statutory body created to reinforce foreign decision making and implementation processes in Nigeria and handle the external promotion of Nigeria's domestic vision and ideals; it is headed by a federal executive cabinet minister. As of late its mission has geared towards increasing awareness about Nigeria's economic potential. It is part of the government's executive branch.
Buck O'Neil
John Jordan "Buck" O'Neil Jr. (November 13, 1911 – October 6, 2006)  was an American first baseman and manager in the Negro American League, mostly with the Kansas City Monarchs.  After his playing days, he worked as a scout and became the first African American coach in Major League Baseball. In his later years he became a popular and renowned speaker and interview subject, helping to renew widespread interest in the Negro leagues, and played a major role in establishing the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum in Kansas City, Missouri. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2022 as an executive.

O'Neil was prominently featured in Ken Burns's 1994 documentary series Baseball.  His life was documented in Joe Posnanski's 2007 book The Soul of Baseball.

Negro American League
The Negro American League was one of the several Negro leagues created during the time organized American baseball was segregated. The league was established in 1937, and disbanded after its 1962 season.
2014–15 Swindon Town F.C. season
The 2014–15 season was Swindon Town's third consecutive season in the League One since gaining promotion from League Two in 2012. Alongside the league campaign, Swindon Town also competed in the FA Cup, League Cup and the Football League Trophy.

BBC Radio Wiltshire
BBC Radio Wiltshire is the BBC's local radio station serving the English county of Wiltshire.

It broadcasts on FM, DAB, digital TV and via BBC Sounds from studios at Prospect Place in Swindon.

According to RAJAR, the station had a weekly audience of 89,000 and a 6.2% share as of December 2023.
Arctomia
Arctomia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Arctomiaceae. The genus was established in 1860 by the Swedish lichenologist Theodor Magnus Fries, and species of Arctomia are mainly distributed in circumpolar regions of the Northern Hemisphere. A comprehensive molecular study published in 2025 confirmed that the genus forms a distinct evolutionary lineage within its family. Species typically grow as thin, reddish-brown to blackish crusts on plant debris, mosses, or tree bark in cold northern regions, with their distribution ranging from the Arctic tundra to boreal forests and alpine heaths. The thallus contains cyanobacteria of the genus Nostoc as the photosynthetic partner, giving the lichen a slightly glossy, gelatinous texture when wet. Most species produce minute disc-shaped fruiting bodies containing elongated, many-celled ascospores.

Tundra
In physical geography, a tundra (/ˈtʌndrə, ˈtʊn-/) is a type of biome where tree growth is hindered by frigid temperatures and short growing seasons. There are three regions and associated types of tundra: Arctic, Alpine, and Antarctic.

Tundra vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges, grasses, mosses, and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra regions. The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline. The tundra soil is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus. The soil also contains large amounts of biomass and decomposed biomass that has been stored as methane and carbon dioxide in the permafrost, making the tundra soil a carbon sink. As global warming heats the ecosystem and causes soil thawing, the permafrost carbon cycle accelerates and releases much of these soil-contained greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, creating a feedback cycle that contributes to climate change.
Tulbaghia galpinii
Tulbaghia galpinii is a geophyte belonging to the Amaryllidaceae family. The species is endemic to the Eastern Cape and has a range of 18 538 km². It is found in the high mountains of Cradock, Cathcart, Queenstown and Elliot districts.

Queenstown, South Africa
Queenstown, officially Komani, is a town in the middle of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, roughly halfway between the smaller towns of Cathcart and Sterkstroom on the N6 national route. The town was established in 1853 and is currently the commercial, administrative, and educational centre of the surrounding farming district.
Alsophila coactilis
Alsophila coactilis, synonym Cyathea coactilis, is a rare species of tree fern known only from the southern highlands of Papua New Guinea, where it grows in alpine shrubland at an altitude of about 3000 m. The trunk is erect and 2–3 m tall. Fronds are bi- or tripinnate and usually 1–2 m long. Characteristically of this species, they occur in two whorls of about ten fronds each. The underside of the rachis is covered with small, pale scales. The stipe is covered with pale scales that have dark, narrow and fragile edges. Sori are round and are covered by thin indusia that are cup-like in appearance. They occur near the fertile pinnule midvein.

Scale (zoology)
In zoology, a scale (Ancient Greek: λεπίς, romanized: lepís; Latin: squāma) is a small rigid plate made out of keratin that grows out of vertebrate animals' skin to provide protection. In lepidopterans (butterflies and moths), scales are plates on the surface of the insect wing, made out of chitin instead of keratin, and provide coloration. Scales are quite common and have evolved multiple times through convergent evolution, with varying structure and function.

Scales are generally classified as part of an organism's integumentary system. There are various types of scales according to the shape and class of an animal.