hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
S. C. Arnold
S. C. (Steve) Arnold (March 29, 1884 – March 21, 1961) was a longtime legislator in the state of Montana who served as Montana Secretary of State from 1955 to 1957. 
A Republican, Arnold supported Dwight D. Eisenhower and won the 1956 Montana GOP presidential primary in Eisenhower’s stead, as a “favorite son” candidate.

Favorite son
Favorite son (or favorite daughter) is a political term referring to a presidential candidate, either one that is nominated by a state but considered a nonviable candidate or a politician whose electoral appeal derives from their native state, rather than their political views. The technique was widely used in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
Limagne Graben
The Limagne graben is a graben structure that formed during the Eocene as part of the European Cenozoic Rift System. It forms the Limagne plain in the Massif Central and is filled with up to 2 kilometers of sediment.

Limagne
The Limagne (French pronunciation: [limaɲ] ⓘ; Occitan: Limanha) is a large plain in the Auvergne region of France in the valley of the Allier river, on the edge of the Massif Central. It mainly lies within the départements of Puy-de-Dôme, Allier and Haute-Loire. The term is sometimes used to include this, and three other less extensive plains, that lie along the valley of the Allier, in which case the first is known as Grande Limagne to distinguish it from the others. The name is derived from the Latin Lacus Magnus, or large lake.
Taichung Bank Club
The Taichung Bank Club is a Taiwanese volleyball club. They have represented Chinese Taipei in international club volleyball competitions.

Their men's team has won the 2015 Asian Men's Club Volleyball Championship without losing a single match, beating Qatari club Al-Arabi in the final, thus qualifying for the 2016 FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship.

They participated at the 2016 Asian Women's Club Volleyball Championship under the name "T. Grand".

2016 Asian Women's Club Volleyball Championship
The 2016 Asian Women's Club Volleyball Championship was the 17th staging of the AVC Club Championships which was hosted by the Philippines. The tournament was held at the Alonte Sports Arena in Biñan, Laguna. It was  held from September 3 to September 11, 2016.

The tournament was organized by the Philippine Super Liga and the Larong Volleyball sa Pilipinas, Inc. The tournament serves as the 2nd Asian tournament which was hosted by the LVPI following the Asian Under-23 Championships hosting in 2015.
1931 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships
The 1931 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships were organized by the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) and served as the national championships in indoor track and field for the United States.

The men's edition was held at Madison Square Garden in New York City, New York, and it took place February 25. The women's meet was held separately at the Newark Armory in Newark, New Jersey, taking place March 14.

At the women's championships, Stella Walsh retained her 220 yards title, winning by six yards over Catherine Capp.

Stanisława Walasiewicz
Stanisława Walasiewicz (3 April 1911 – 4 December 1980), also known as Stefania Walasiewicz, and Stella Walsh, was a Polish-American track and field athlete, who became a women's Olympic champion in the 100 metres. Born in Poland and raised in the United States, she became an American citizen in 1947.
1943 Argentine Film Critics Association Awards
The 1943 Argentine Film Critics Association Awards ceremony was held in Buenos Aires on 10 January 1943 to honour the best films and contributors to Argentine cinema in 1942. This was the first time the awards had been presented.

Cinema of Argentina
Cinema of Argentina refers to the film industry based in Argentina. The Argentine cinema comprises the art of film and creative movies made within the nation of Argentina or by Argentine filmmakers abroad.

The Argentine film industry has historically been one of the three most developed in Latin American cinema, along with those produced in Mexico and Brazil. Throughout the 20th century, film production in Argentina, supported by the State and by the work of a long list of directors and actors, became one of the major film industries in the Spanish-speaking world. The Golden Age of Argentine cinema took place between the 1930s and 1950s.

Argentina has won eighteen Goya Awards for Best Spanish Language Foreign Film, which makes it the most awarded country. It is also the first Latin American country that has won Academy Awards, in recognition of the films The Official Story (1985) and The Secret in Their Eyes (2009).
Tonje Sagstuen
Tonje Sagstuen (born 17 November 1971) is a Norwegian former team handball player, journalist, newspaper editor, and gambling executive.

Playing for the Norway women's national handball team, she won silver medals at the 1992 Summer Olympics and the 1997 world championships. She was awarded the Håndballstatuetten trophy in 1999. A journalist since 1999, she was appointed editor-in-chief of the newspaper Oppland Arbeiderblad in 2012. She was chief executive officer of the gambling company Norsk Tipping from 2023 to 2025.

Norwegian Handball Federation
The Norwegian Handball Federation (Norwegian: Norges Håndballforbund, NHF) is the national handball association in Norway.

The Norwegian Handball Federation was founded in 1937, and is a member of the Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports (NIF), the European Handball Federation (EHF) and the International Handball Federation. Its headquarters are in Oslo.
Cliff Raven
Cliff Raven Ingram (August 24, 1932 – November 28, 2001) was one of a handful of tattoo artists (along with Sailor Jerry Collins and Don Ed Hardy) who pioneered the adoption of the Japanese tattoo aesthetic in the United States. Born in Indiana as "Clifford H. Ingram," Cliff later shortened his first name and adopted his business name of "Raven" as his legal middle name, largely to facilitate mail delivery.

Middle name
In various cultures, a middle name is a portion of a personal name that is written between a person's given name and surname.
A middle name is often abbreviated and is then called middle initial or just initial.

A person may be given a middle name regardless of whether it is necessary to distinguish them from other people with the same given name and surname. In cultures where a given name is expected to precede the surname, additional names are likely to be placed after the given name and before the surname, and thus called middle names.
Todisaina Raymond Ramarolahy
Todisaina Raymond Ramarolahy is a Malagasy politician.  A member of the National Assembly of Madagascar, he was elected as a member of the Tiako I Madagasikara party; he represents the constituency of Marolambo.

Tiako i Madagasikara
Tiako I Madagasikara (TIM, lit. 'I Love Madagascar'; French: J'aime Madagascar) is a political party in Madagascar founded on July 3, 2002, to support President Marc Ravalomanana. After the parliamentary election held on September 23, 2007, it was the largest party in the National Assembly of Madagascar, with 106 of 127 seats. The party is located in MAGRO Ankorondrano, Antananarivo. Ravalomanana was re-elected with 55.79% in the December 2006 presidential election.

Solofonantenaina Razoarimihaja was the President of TIM from 2002 to 2007. On October 12, 2007, he was succeeded by Yvan Randriasandratriniony, who became the Interim National President. Randriasandratriniony was officially elected as President of TIM on May 21, 2008, at the party's second national congress. Rina Randriamasinoro was the party's Secretary-General in 2023.

Ravalomanana led his personal movement in the 2013, 2018, and 2023 presidential elections.
1859 East Sydney colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of East Sydney on 10 November 1859 because the Cowper government was defeated, causing Charles Cowper to resign his commission as Premier and Colonial Secretary and he resigned from parliament the following day. The second vacancy was caused because John Black had been appointed Secretary for Lands in the new Forster ministry,

Premier of New South Wales
The premier of New South Wales is the head of government in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The Government of New South Wales follows the Westminster Parliamentary System, with a Parliament of New South Wales acting as the legislature. The premier is appointed by the Governor of New South Wales, and by modern convention holds office by their ability to command the support of a majority of members of the lower house of Parliament, the Legislative Assembly.

Before Federation in 1901, the term "prime minister of New South Wales" was also used. "Premier" has been used more or less exclusively from 1901, to avoid confusion with the federal prime minister of Australia.

The current premier is Chris Minns, the leader of the New South Wales Labor Party, who assumed office on 28 March 2023. Minns defeated Dominic Perrottet at the election held on 25 March 2023, after twelve years of Liberal/National Coalition rule.
Erdogan–Chatwin equation
In fluid dynamics, Erdogan–Chatwin equation is a nonlinear diffusion equation for the scalar field, that accounts for shear-induced dispersion due to horizontal buoyancy forces. The equation was named after M. Emin Erdogan and Phillip C. Chatwin, who derived the equation in 1967. The equation for the scalar field  reads

where

Suppose  is the characteristic length scale for , then the characteristic time scale is given by . And suppose  is a characteristic value for . Then, we introudce the non-dimensional variables

then the Erdogan–Chatwin equation becomes

where  is a Rayleigh number. For , the equation reduces to the linear heat equation,  and for , the equation reduces to .

Heat equation
In mathematics and physics (more specifically thermodynamics), the heat equation is a parabolic partial differential equation. The theory of the heat equation was first developed by Joseph Fourier in 1822 for the purpose of modeling how a quantity such as heat diffuses through a given region. Since then, the heat equation and its variants have been found to be fundamental in many parts of both pure and applied mathematics.
World Tinbath Championship
The World Tinbath Championship takes place annually in Castletown Harbour on the Isle of Man. On 21 July 2007, the 36th edition of the competition took place.

The event is organised by The Castletown Ale Drinkers Society and sponsored by local breweries, with support from the Isle of Man Department of Tourism. It raises money for local charities. Each year there are over 100 competitors and teams from the Isle of Man and elsewhere. Although the event is run as a fun day, the competition is fierce, and strict rules are in place to ensure a fair and safe event.

Categories in the Championship are: a Men's Race, Ladies' Race, Snake Race (teams), the Rope Slide, and a Flying Competition in which entrants attempt to fly over the harbour with varying degrees of success in homemade flying machines.

Early flying machines
Early flying machines include all forms of aircraft studied or constructed before the development of the modern aeroplane by 1910. The story of modern flight begins more than a century before the first successful manned aeroplane, and the earliest aircraft thousands of years before.
Grey Skies
Grey Skies is the only studio album by American hip hop group Crooked Lettaz. It was released on April 20, 1999, via Penalty Recordings. Production was handled by David Banner, Gensu Dean, Andy C and Pimp C. It features guest appearances from Aliou Diallo, Budz, J Da Groova, N.O.R.E., Pimp C, and Dirrt's Us. In the United States, the album peaked at number 75 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.

The album was supported with a 1998 promotional single "Caught Up In The Game" and a 1999 single "Firewater" b/w "Get Crunk".

Despite Crooked Lettaz's disbandment in early 2000s, members Kamikaze and David Banner would occasionally reuniting on various solo projects.

Penalty Recordings
Penalty is an American record label and entertainment company, founded and run by CEO Neil Levine. The company was founded in 1995 as a record label specializing in hip-hop music.

The original Penalty label was acquired by its distributor, Tommy Boy, in 1999. A second version, Penalty Associated Labels, was operated by Levine in association with Rykodisc from 2002 to 2006. The third and current incarnation was established in 2014.

Artists on Penalty have included Capone-N-Noreaga (as well as both Capone and Noreaga/N.O.R.E. as solo artists), Lord Finesse, Ali Shaheed Muhammed of A Tribe Called Quest, and The Beatnuts, among others.
Disruptive solutions process
The disruptive solutions process (DSP) is a decision-making process used by the United States Air Force and Air National Guard. It was created in 2005 by fighter pilot and Air Force/Air National Guard Colonel Edward Vaughan and is iterative, low-cost, and first-to-market in nature. It is primarily used to prevent mishaps during the combat operations process.

Combat operations process
Combat operations area - process is undertaken by armed forces during military campaigns, major operations, battles, and engagements to facilitate the setting of objectives, direction of combat, and assessment of the operation plan's success.

The basic model of the combat operations area process includes five phases that seek to acquire targets and objectives, allocate and orient appropriate forces for successful engagement of the enemy, make decisions about doctrinal approach to the engagement, execute the plan by engaging in combat, and conduct post-combat intelligence assessment of the success or failure of the operation's plan.
Tevanik
Tevanik (Armenian: «Թևանիկ») is a 2014 drama film directed by Jivan Avetisyan with Arnold Aghababov, Karineh Khodikyan as scriptwriters. It is an international co-production and was created again with the collaboration of the National Cinema Center of Armenia and Artbox Production House of Lithuania.

Tevanik has won over ten “Best Feature Film” awards around the globe including in China, Italy, Poland, Romania, Russia, and US. The film has also received numerous worldwide recognition in addition to winning the Armenian Panorama category, Golden Apricot (1st Prize) at the Golden Apricot 11th International Film Festival in Yerevan, Armenia.

Yerevan International Film Festival
The Golden Apricot Yerevan International Film Festival (GAIFF; Armenian: «Ոսկե Ծիրան» Երևանի միջազգային կինոփառատոն, romanized: "Voske Tsiran" Yerevani mijazgayin kinop'arraton) is an annual film festival held in Yerevan, Armenia. The festival was founded in 2004 with the co-operation of the "Golden Apricot" Fund for Cinema Development, the Armenian Association of Film Critics and Cinema Journalists. The GAIFF is continually supported by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia, the Ministry of Culture of Armenia and the Benevolent Fund for Cultural Development.The objectives of the festival are "to present new works by the film directors and producers in Armenia and foreign cinematographers of Armenian descent and to promote creativity and originality in the area of cinema and video art".
Sidney Hatfield
Sidney Hatfield (August 29, 1929 – January 25, 2003) was an American baseball player who is notable for winning the 1951 College World Series Most Outstanding Player award while a junior at University of Tennessee. He is the first person from the University of Tennessee to win the award, matched only by Dylan Dreiling. During his career he played as first baseman, pitcher and shortstop.

Hatfield graduated from the University of Tennessee in 1954 with a degree in education. After a brief minor league baseball career, he taught at Rule High School in Knoxville, Tennessee for 10 years. After a stint in the United States military fighting in the Korean War, he taught and served as the head baseball coach at Tennessee Technological University for three years. He was also an assistant basketball coach there. From 1968-1976, he served as the University of Tennessee's golf coach, posting a record of 500-253-3. He died of a stroke on January 25, 2003.

Rule High School (Knoxville)
Rule High School was  a public high school in Knoxville, Tennessee. It opened in 1927 and closed in 1991. It was named for William Rule, founder of The Knoxville Journal and Mayor of Knoxville in 1873 and from 1898 to 1899.
Ma'ale HaShalom
Ma'ale ha-Shalom (Hebrew: מעלה השלום, translates to Ascent of Peace), also known as the Pope's Road (Hebrew: כביש האַפִּיפְיוֹר, Kevish ha-Apifior), is a street in East Jerusalem.

Ma'ale HaShalom  connects Route 60 to Ma'alot Ir David where it becomes Derech ha-Ofel. It goes along the southern border of the Old City, and has the Dung Gate where the entrance to the Jewish Quarter is found. It also goes alongside the Protestant Mount Zion Cemetery and Catholic cemeteries.  Though outside the walls of today's old city, the road is considered to be inside of historic sanctified Jerusalem.

Before 1964, the way to Mount Zion was a narrow dirt track. That year, Pope Paul VI planned to visit Jerusalem and in his honour, the Jordanians allowed for the widening and laying of a proper road to enable the Pope to be driven to the Coenaculum.

Prior to the Six-Day War, this street was known as Ain el-loza.

Coenaculum
Coenaculum, the term applied to the eating-room of a Roman house in which the supper (coena) or latest meal was taken. It was sometimes placed in an upper storey and reached by an external staircase.

The Last Supper in the New Testament was taken in the coenaculum, the large upper room cited in St. Mark (xiv.15) and St. Luke (xxii.12).
Bancor
The bancor was a supranational currency that John Maynard Keynes and E. F. Schumacher conceptualised in the years 1940–1942 and which the United Kingdom proposed to introduce after World War II. The name was inspired by the French banque or ('bank gold'). This newly created supranational currency would then be used in international trade as a unit of account within a multilateral clearing system—the International Clearing Union—which would also need to be founded.

World currency
In international finance, a world currency, supranational currency, or global currency is a currency that would be transacted internationally, with no set borders. The US dollar served as the global reserve currency since the Bretton Woods Agreements, but is no longer the sole global reserve since 1971 and its uncoupling from gold.
Flight at Midnight
Flight at Midnight is a 1939 American action film directed by Sidney Salkow and written by Eliot Gibbons. The film stars Phil Regan, Jean Parker, Roscoe Turner, Robert Armstrong, Noah Beery Jr. and Harlan Briggs. Flight at Midnight was released on August 28, 1939, by Republic Pictures.

Robert Armstrong (actor)
Robert William Armstrong (November 20, 1890 – April 20, 1973) was an American film and television actor noted for playing Carl Denham in the 1933 version of King Kong by RKO Pictures. He delivered the film's famous final line: "It wasn't the airplanes. It was Beauty killed the Beast."
Fasano (surname)
Fasano is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alessio Fasano, Italian pediatric gastroenterologist

Anthony Fasano (born 1984), American football tight-end

Clara Fasano (1900–1990), Italian-born American sculptor

Joseph Fasano (born 1982), poet

Len Fasano (born 1958), American politician

Mike Fasano (born 1958), state politician in Florida

Renato Fasano (1902–1979), Italian conductor and musicologist, Founder of I Virtuosi di Roma.

Sal Fasano (born 1971), American baseball catcher

Len Fasano
Len Fasano (born May 15, 1958) is a former Republican member of the Connecticut Senate, representing the 34th District since 2003. Fasano was sworn in as Senate Republican President Pro Tempore in January 2017. Under the leadership role Senator Fasano led a Republican caucus with considerably more control over the Senate's agenda than in previous years as a result of a power sharing agreement negotiated after Republicans gained three seats in the Connecticut Senate, creating a tie for the first time since 1893. Previously, he had served as the Senate Minority Leader since 2015.

Fasano was the State Senator for the 34th Senate District from 2003-2021, representing the suburbs of New Haven in the Connecticut Senate, including the towns of Durham (part), East Haven, North Haven (part), and Wallingford.

Fasano announced his plans to not seek reelection and retire from the State Senate in March 2020.
Butler Committee (1927)
The Harcourt Butler Committee under the chairmanship of Sir Harcourt Butler was appointed in 1927 to investigate and clarify the relationship between the paramount power of the British Raj in India, and the rulers of Princely States. The two other members were, William Searle Holdsworth and Sidney Peel.

The committee visited 16 States and submitted its report in 1929.

Sidney Peel
Colonel Sir Sidney Cornwallis Peel, 1st Baronet, CB, DSO, TD (1870–1938), was a British Army officer, barrister and financier. He was also for the coalition government term 1918–1922, a Conservative Member of Parliament (MP). For the 19 years until death he was a celebrated chairman of the Export Credits Guarantee Department Advisory Committee.
2025–26 Segunda División
The 2025–26 La Liga 2, also known as LALIGA HYPERMOTION due to sponsorship reasons, is the ongoing 95th season of the Segunda División since its establishment in Spain. It began on 15 August 2025 and is scheduled to end on 31 May 2026, with the promotion play-offs scheduled to end in June 2026.

Cultural y Deportiva Leonesa
Cultural y Deportiva Leonesa (Spanish pronunciation: [kultuˈɾal i ðepoɾˈtiβa leoˈnesa]), better known as Cultural Leonesa or La Cultural, is a Spanish football team based in León, in the autonomous community of Castile and Leon. Founded on 5 August 1923, it currently plays in Segunda División, holding home games at Estadio Reino de León, with a capacity of 13,346 seats.

Ahead of the 2014–15 season, the club released a kit designed to look like a tuxedo. The kit, which attracted huge attention in the media and social networking sites, was worn in a pre-season charity match in support of local charities for mining families.
1971 Italian Open (tennis)
The 1971 Italian Open was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament that was played by men on outdoor clay courts at the Foro Italico in Rome, Italy. The men's tournament was part of the World Championship Tennis circuit while the women's tournament was a non-tour event, i.e. not part of the Grand Prix or Virginia Slims circuit. The tournament was held from 3 May through 10 May 1971. The singles titles were won by Rod Laver and Virginia Wade.

1971 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1971 Pepsi Cola Grand Prix was a professional tennis circuit held that year. It incorporated three of the four Grand Slam tournaments, the Grand Prix tournaments. It was the second edition of the Grand Prix circuit and was run by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ITLF). In addition to regular tournament prize money a bonus prize money pool of £60,000 ($150,000) was available to be divided among the 20 highest ranking players after the last tournament. To be eligible for a share of the bonus pool a player had to compete in a minimum of nine tournaments. The circuit culminated in a Masters event in Paris for the seven highest point scoring players. Stan Smith was the winner of the circuit with 187 ranking points and four tournament victories.