hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hong-joo
Hong-joo is a Korean given name.

People with same name

Harold Hongju Koh (born 1954), Korean American lawyer and legal scholar

Fictional characters with this name include

Chae Hong-joo (aka Ueno Rie), in 2012 South Korean television series Bridal Mask

Nam Hong-joo, in 2017 South Korean television series While You Were Sleeping

Choi Hong-joo, in 2021 South Korean television series Mouse

Harold Hongju Koh
Harold Hongju Koh (born December 8, 1954) is an American diplomat, lawyer, legal scholar, politician, and writer.  Except for his periods of government service, he has taught at Yale Law School from 1985 to the present, including as the law school's 15th Dean from 2004 to 2009, and currently as a Sterling Professor of international law.  From 1998 to 2001, he served as the Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor under President Bill Clinton.  From 2009 to 2013, he served as the legal adviser of the Department of State in the Obama administration. He has published more than ten books on topics including international law, the U.S. Constitution, and international relations.  He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2007.
Breakfast television
Breakfast television (Europe and Australia) or morning show (Canada and the United States) is a type of news or infotainment television programme that broadcasts live in the morning (typically scheduled between 5:00 and 10:00 a.m., or if it is a local programme, as early as 4:00 a.m.). Often presented by a small team of hosts, these programmes are typically marketed towards the combined demography of people getting ready for work and school and stay-at-home adults and parents.

The first – and longest-running – national breakfast/morning show on television is Today, which set the tone for the genre and premiered on 14 January 1952 on NBC in the United States. For the next 70 years, Today was the number one morning program in the ratings for the vast majority of its run and since its start, many other television stations and television networks around the world have followed NBC's lead, copying that program's successful format.

Morning
Morning is either the period from sunrise to noon, or the period from midnight to noon. In the first definition it is preceded by the twilight period of dawn, and there are no exact times for when morning begins (also true of evening and night) because it can vary according to one's latitude, and the hours of daylight at each time of year. However, morning strictly ends at noon, when afternoon starts.

Morning precedes afternoon, evening, and night in the sequence of a day. Originally, the term referred to sunrise.
Veruturris tomopleuroides
Veruturris tomopleuroides is an extinct species of marine gastropod mollusc in the superfamily Conoidea, currently unassigned to a family. Fossils of the species date to the middle Miocene, and are found in the St Vincent Basin of South Australia.

Gulf St Vincent
Gulf St Vincent, sometimes referred to as St Vincent Gulf, St Vincent's Gulf or Gulf of St Vincent, is the eastern of two large inlets of water on the southern coast of Australia, in the state of South Australia, the other being the larger Spencer Gulf, from which it is separated by Yorke Peninsula. On its eastern side the gulf is bordered by the Adelaide Plains and the Fleurieu Peninsula.
Metro Prystai
Dmytro "Metro" Prystai (November 7, 1927 – October 8, 2013) was a Canadian ice hockey forward.

Prystai began his National Hockey League career with the Chicago Black Hawks in 1947. He also played for the Detroit Red Wings. He left the NHL following the 1958 season, playing part of one season in the minors before retiring. He won two Stanley Cups with Detroit in 1952, 1954, and made three All-Star Game appearances in his 12-year NHL career.

After his hockey career Prystai operated an insurance company in Wynyard, Sask. Prystai was a widower with both spouses Evelyne and Mavis predeceasing him.

He died on October 8, 2013, in a nursing home in Wynyard, Saskatchewan. He was 85.

Wynyard, Saskatchewan
Wynyard is a town in eastern Saskatchewan, Canada, 132 kilometres (82 mi) west of Yorkton and 190 kilometres (120 mi) east of Saskatoon.  Wynyard is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Big Quill No. 308. It is located on the Yellowhead Highway just south of Big Quill Lake.
Palestyna, Łódź Voivodeship
Palestyna [palɛsˈtɨna] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zgierz, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north-east of Zgierz and 11 km (7 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

Zgierz County
Zgierz County (Polish: powiat zgierski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Zgierz, which lies 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź. The county contains four other towns: Ozorków, lying 16 km (10 mi) north-west of Zgierz, Aleksandrów Łódzki, lying 9 km (6 mi) south-west of Zgierz, Głowno, 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Zgierz, and Stryków, 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Zgierz.

The county covers an area of 853.71 square kilometres (329.6 sq mi). As of 2016, its total population is 165,206, out of which the population of Zgierz is 56,929, that of Ozorków is 19,809, that of Aleksandrów Łódzki is 21,380, that of Głowno is 14,534, that of Stryków is 3,477, and the rural population is 49,077.
Atatürk's Residence and Railway Museum
Atatürk's Residence and Railway Museum (Turkish: Atatürk Konutu ve Demiryolları Müzesi) is a national historic house and railway museum in Ankara, Turkey.  It was originally the management building of the Turkish State Railways. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk used it as a residence and headquarters during the Turkish War of Independence.

Historic house museum
A historic house museum is a house of historic significance that is preserved as a museum. Historic furnishings may be displayed in a way that reflects their original placement and usage in a home. Historic house museums are held to a variety of standards, including those of the International Council of Museums. Houses are transformed into museums for a number of different reasons. For example, the homes of famous writers are frequently turned into writer's home museums to support literary tourism.
Gspon
Gspon is a village in the Swiss Alps, located in the canton of Valais. The village is situated in the eastern part of the canton in the Saastal valley above Staldenried at a height of 1,893 metres (6,211 ft). It belongs to the latter municipality. Gspon has a population of 585.

Accessible by cable car from Stalden via Staldenried, Gspon is a car-free village and a popular year-round tourist destination. In winter Gspon's small ski area is kept open.

Saastal
The Saastal or the Saas Valley is an alpine valley in the district of Visp, in the eastern part of the Canton of Valais, Switzerland. It is the valley of the river Saaser Vispa. It is separated from the Mattertal to the west by the Mischabel massif. Villages in the valley are, upstream, Eisten, Saas-Balen, Saas-Grund, Saas-Fee and Saas-Almagell. Until 1893, the municipalities of Almagell, Balen, Fee and Grund were a single parish, with the only church in Grund. Mattmarksee is a reservoir built in the 1960s.

The region hosts an extensive winter sports region, comprising the separate ski areas of Saas-Fee, Saas-Grund and Saas-Almagell. As well as individual ski passes a combined pass is available; each of these areas is connected to the other parts of the region by postal bus, rather than dedicated skilifts.
Dixson
Dixson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adrienne Dixson, American educational theorist

Alice Dixson (born 1969), Filipino American actress, commercial model, and former beauty queen

Hugh Dixson (1841–1926), Australian business man and philanthropist

Hugh Robert Dixson (1865–1940), Australian businessman, parliamentarian and philanthropist

Julius Dixson (1913–2004), African-American songwriter and record company executive

Miriam Dixson (born 1930), Australian social historian and author

Robert James Dixson (1908–1963), American writer, simplified and adapted some classic works of literature

Thomas Dixson (1733–1809), British colonial militiaman and politician serving in Canada

Darius Scott, also known as Dixson (singer), American musician

Robert James Dixson
Robert James Dixson (May 23, 1908 – February 1, 1963) was an American writer who simplified and adapted some classic works of literature, that were later published in their new version,[a] and wrote a number of books about the English language, especially crafted for the foreign born.[b]

He lived in New York City and moved to Florida in the early 1950s. He died while living in Coral Gables in 1963.

He authored English language books by himself but also collaborated with others. Many of these books have been used throughout the world by those who wanted to learn or improve their knowledge of grammar, usage and pronunciation, particularly American English. Although the original editions served the intended purpose of his books, several have been re-published in different countries, most with translated notations to facilitate comprehension.[c]
Nonlinear algebra
Nonlinear algebra is the nonlinear analogue to linear algebra, generalizing notions of spaces and transformations coming from the linear setting. Algebraic geometry is one of the main areas of mathematical research supporting nonlinear algebra, while major components coming from computational mathematics support the development of the area into maturity.

The topological setting for nonlinear algebra is typically the Zariski topology, where closed sets are the algebraic sets.  Related areas in mathematics are tropical geometry, commutative algebra, and optimization.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Kortfors
Kortfors (Swedish pronunciation: [kɔʈˈfoːʂ]) is an urban settlement by the railway, situated in Karlskoga Municipality, Örebro County, Sweden. The settlement is located east of Granbergsdal Ironworks, northeast of Karlskoga and southwest of Nora.

Kortfors railway station functioned as a junction station, as it connects the Nora–Karlskoga Line to the Svartälvs Järnväg.

Kortfors was established as an ironworks in the 17th century, and the ironworks closed down in the 1920s. At the end of the 17th century, ironmaster Georg de Besche acquired Kortfors, and then by Johan Stensson Hammarström. In mid-18th century, Carl Daniel Luthman acquired it, followed by Georg Ahlborg, Per Castorin and Carl Lindberg. At the end of its operational years, in the 20th century, the ironworks was acquired by the AB Héroults Elektriska Stål, established in 1902 by the French metallurgist Paul Héroult.

Nora–Karlskoga Line
The Nora–Karlskoga Line (Swedish: Nora–Karlskoga Järnväg) is a railway line between Nora and Otterbäcken.

The railway line officially opened in 1874 even though the Bofors–Strömtorp section had been in use since 1872.
Toll-like receptor 2
Toll-like receptor 2 also known as TLR2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR2 gene. TLR2 has also been designated as CD282 (cluster of differentiation 282). TLR2 is one of the toll-like receptors and plays a role in the immune system. TLR2 is a membrane protein, a receptor, which is expressed on the surface of certain cells and recognizes foreign substances and passes on appropriate signals to the cells of the immune system.

Sebaceous gland
A sebaceous gland or oil gland is a microscopic exocrine gland in the skin that opens into a hair follicle to secrete an oily or waxy matter, called sebum, which lubricates the hair and skin of mammals. In humans, sebaceous glands occur in the greatest number on the face and scalp, but also on all parts of the skin except the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. In the eyelids, meibomian glands, also called tarsal glands, are a type of sebaceous gland that secrete a special type of sebum into tears. Surrounding the female nipples, areolar glands are specialized sebaceous glands for lubricating the nipples. Fordyce spots are benign, visible, sebaceous glands found usually on the lips, gums and inner cheeks, and genitals.
Classic Rock (Time-Life Music)
Classic Rock was a 31-volume series issued by Time Life during the late 1980s and early 1990s. The series spotlighted popular music played on Top 40 radio stations of the mid-to-late-1960s.

Much like Time-Life's other series chronicling popular music, volumes in the "Classic Rock" series covered a specific time period, including single years in some volumes and stylistic trends in others. Each volume was issued on a compact disc, cassette or (on volumes issued through 1990) 2-LP vinyl record set. Individual volumes generally contained 22 tracks, and represented the highlighted time period's most popular and noteworthy tracks. Also included was a booklet, containing liner notes written by some of the most respected historians of the genre, photographs of the artists, and information on the songs (writers, performers and peak position on Billboard magazine's Hot 100 chart).

Gary Lewis & the Playboys
Gary Lewis & the Playboys were a 1960s pop and rock group, fronted by musician Gary Lewis, the son of comedian Jerry Lewis. They are best known for their 1965 Billboard Hot 100 number-one single "This Diamond Ring", which was the first of a string of hit singles they had in 1965 and 1966. The band had an earnest, boy-next-door image similar to British invasion contemporaries such as Herman's Hermits and Gerry and the Pacemakers. The group folded in 1970, but a version of the band later resumed touring and continues to tour, often playing for veterans' benefits.
Molare
Molare is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Turin and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) south of Alessandria.

Molare borders the following municipalities: Cassinelle, Cremolino, Ovada, Ponzone, Rossiglione, and Tiglieto.

Alessandria
Alessandria (Italian: [alesˈsandrja] ⓘ; Piedmontese: Lissandria [liˈsɑŋdrja]) is a city and commune in Piedmont, Italy, and the capital of the Province of Alessandria. With a population of 92,518, it is the 3rd-largest city in Piedmont and the 53rd-largest in Italy.

Known for the famous hat manufacturing company Borsalino and for its proximity to the historical site of the battle of Marengo, led by Napoleon, the town is an important agricultural, industrial and logistic hub within its region and Italy's North-West. With a surface extension that makes it Piedmont's largest municipality and a population of 92 839 inhabitants  (the third most popolous city in the region), Alessandria is located in the centre of the so-called "industrial triangle", whose vertices are Turin, Milan and Genoa. Alessandria is also home to one of the headquarters of the University of Eastern Piedmont, which is an academic institution that has a tripolar structure shared with Vercelli and Novara.
Baramidze
Baramidze or in German transcriptions also as Baramidse (Georgian: ბარამიძე, Russian: Барамидзе) is a Georgian family name which – apart from the cities of  Tbilisi and Batumi – is most frequently to be found in the southwestern Guria and Adjara regions of Georgia. Most Baramidzes live in the Tbilisi (846), Batumi (525), Ozurgeti (312), Lanchkhuti (219) and Chokhatauri (209) districts.

Mkhare
A mkhare (Georgian: მხარე, mxare) is a type of administrative division in the country of Georgia. It is usually translated into English as "region".

According to presidential decrees issued in 1994 and 1996, Georgia's division into regions is on a provisional basis until the secessionist conflicts in Abkhazia and South Ossetia are resolved. The regional administration is headed by a state commissioner (სახელმწიფო რწმუნებული, Saxelmćipo Rćmunebuli, usually translated as "governor"), an official appointed by the president.

The regions are further subdivided into municipalities. There are nine regions in Georgia (see also map opposite):
Binding coefficient
In medicinal chemistry and pharmacology, a binding coefficient is a quantity representing the extent to which a chemical compound will bind to a macromolecule. The preferential binding coefficient can be derived from the Kirkwood-Buff solution theory of solutions. Preferential binding is defined as a thermodynamic expression that describes the binding of the cosolvent over the solvent. This is in a system that is open to both the solvent and cosolvent.  Consequently, preferential interaction coefficients are measures of interactions that involve “solutes that participate in a reaction in solution.”

Kirkwood–Buff solution theory
The Kirkwood–Buff (KB) solution theory, due to John G. Kirkwood and Frank P. Buff, links macroscopic (bulk) properties to microscopic (molecular) details. Using statistical mechanics, the KB theory derives thermodynamic quantities from pair correlation functions between all molecules in a multi-component solution. The KB theory proves to be a valuable tool for validation of molecular simulations, as well as for the molecular-resolution elucidation of the mechanisms underlying various physical processes. For example, it has numerous applications in biologically relevant systems.

The reverse process is also possible; the so-called reverse Kirkwood–Buff (reverse-KB) theory, due to Arieh Ben-Naim, derives molecular details from thermodynamic (bulk) measurements. This advancement allows the use of the KB formalism to formulate predictions regarding microscopic properties on the basis of macroscopic information.
Nhanulepisosteus
Nhanulepisosteus (nhanu, Mixteca for "old" + Lepisosteus) is an extinct genus of gar known from the Late Jurassic of Oaxaca, Mexico. It contains a single species, N. mexicanus. It is the oldest species of true gar known from fossil remains.

Nhanulepisosteus is known from disarticulated cranial remains and ganoid scales from the Kimmeridgian-aged Llano Yosobé deposits of the Sabinal Formation. Although retaining some traits of basal Ginglymodi, it has certain derived features such as jaw structure that more closely resemble modern gar, indicating that gar are a highly morphologically conservative group.

Nhanulepisosteus inhabited a fully marine environment, contrasting with modern gar that are largely freshwater taxa, with only occasional sightings in marine environments. This indicates that gar may have originally been marine fish before invading freshwater environments prior to the Early Cretaceous.

Mixtec languages
The Mixtec (/ˈmiːstɛk, ˈmiːʃtɛk/) languages belong to the Mixtecan group of the Oto-Manguean language family. Mixtec is spoken in Mexico and is closely related to Trique and Cuicatec. The varieties of Mixtec are spoken by over half a million people. Identifying how many Mixtec languages there are in this complex dialect continuum poses challenges at the level of linguistic theory. Depending on the criteria for distinguishing dialects from languages, there may be as few as a dozen or as many as fifty-three Mixtec languages.
Philipsen
Philipsen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andy Philipsen (1939–1985), Canadian politician

Constantin Philipsen (1859–1925), Danish photographer and cineaste

Gerry Philipsen (born 1944), American ethnographer of communication

Jasper Philipsen (born 1998), Belgian cyclist

Jette Philipsen, Danish cricketer

Preben Philipsen (1910–2005), Danish film producer, son of Constantin

Theodor Philipsen (1840–1920), Danish painter

Gerry Philipsen
Gerry Philipsen (born 1944), Professor Emeritus of Communication at the University of Washington is an American academic and ethnographer of communication. Philipsen's research treats communicative acts as occurring within cultural, social and small group settings. He is most noted for developing speech code theory a framework for communication in a given speech community. Speech code theory explores the manner in which groups communicate based on societal, cultural, gender, occupational or other factors. Philipsen received recognition for his lifetime achievement from the National Communication Association. Philipsen was born in Portland, Oregon in 1944.
Skeleton at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's
The men's skeleton event at the 2018 Winter Olympics took place on 15 and 16 February at the Alpensia Sliding Centre near Pyeongchang, South Korea.

In the victory ceremony, the medals were presented by Ryu Seung-min, member of the International Olympic Committee, accompanied by Ivo Ferriani, International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation president and member of the International Olympic Committee.

International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation
The International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation (IBSF) is the international sports federation for the sliding sports of Bobsleigh and Skeleton. It was founded on 23 November 1923 by the delegates of Great Britain, France, Switzerland, Canada, and the United States at the meeting of their first International Congress in Paris, France as the Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing (International Federation of Bobsleigh and Tobogganing; FIBT). In June 2015, it announced a name change from FIBT to IBSF. The federation's headquarters are in Lausanne, Switzerland.

The IBSF works closely with the IOC to conduct Winter Olympics every four years. Along with the Winter Olympics, the IBSF hosts World Championships the other three years. The races are hosted on tracks in North America, Europe, and Asia. The tracks are shared with the sport of Luge, although that is managed under a different governing body, the International Luge Federation.
Rimouski station
Rimouski station is a Via Rail station in Rimouski, Quebec, Canada. It is located on Rue de l'Évèché, is staffed and wheelchair-accessible. Rimouski is served by Via Rail's Ocean and was served by Montreal–Gaspé train until the latter was suspended in 2013. Both trains shared the same rail line between Montreal and Matapédia.

Montreal–Gaspé train
The Montreal–Gaspé train (formerly the Chaleur) was a thrice-weekly passenger train operated by Via Rail between Montreal and Gaspé, Quebec. Passenger rail service to Gaspé is to be restored in fall 2027.
2014–15 Essex Senior Football League
The 2014–15 season was the 44th in the history of Essex Senior Football League, a football competition in England.

The league featured 19 clubs which competed in the league last season, along with one new club:

Waltham Forest relegated from the Isthmian League

Also, London APSA changed name to Newham.

Haringey Borough were champions, winning their first Essex Senior League title and were promoted to the Isthmian League two seasons after their transfer from the Spartan South Midlands League.

Walthamstow F.C.
Walthamstow Football Club is a semi-professional football club based in Walthamstow, who play in the Isthmian League North Division. They have played under a number of names and were known as Leyton Pennant up until the end of the 2002–03 season, and Waltham Forest until the end of the 2017–18 season.