hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Electoral district of County of Cumberland
The Electoral district of County of Cumberland was an electorate of the New South Wales Legislative Council at a time when some of its members were elected and the balance were appointed by the Governor.

It was created by the 1843 Electoral Districts Act and returned two members. In 1856 the unicameral Legislative Council was abolished and replaced with an elected Legislative Assembly and an appointed Legislative Council. The district was represented by the Legislative Assembly electorates of Cumberland (South Riding) and Cumberland (North Riding).

Electoral district of Cumberland (North Riding)
Cumberland (North Riding) was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1856 to 1859, in Cumberland County, which includes Sydney. It included all of the county north of Parramatta Road and the Great Western Highway, except for the urban electorates of Sydney (City), Sydney Hamlets, Parramatta and Cumberland Boroughs, which included Richmond and Windsor. It elected two members simultaneously, with voters casting two votes and the first two candidates being elected. It was abolished in 1859 and the district was divided between Central Cumberland, Windsor, Nepean and St Leonards.
2014 Moselle Open – Doubles
Johan Brunström and Raven Klaasen were the defending champions, but Klaasen chose not to participate.  Brunström plays alongside Philipp Oswald, but they lost in the first round to Tomasz Bednarek and André Sá.
Mariusz Fyrstenberg and Marcin Matkowski won the title, defeating Marin Draganja and Henri Kontinen in the final, 6–7(3–7), 6–3, [10–8].

André Sá
André Rezende Sá (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐ̃ˈdɾɛ ˈsa]; born 6 May 1977) is a former Brazilian tennis player.

In singles, he was a Wimbledon quarterfinalist in 2002. Sá reached the semifinals of ATP tournaments in Memphis and Hong Kong in 2000 and 2001 respectively. He reached a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 17, winning 11 doubles titles.
Suman Kalyanpur
Suman Kalyanpur (born as Suman Hemmadi; 28 January 1937) is an Indian playback singer who is most notable for her work in Hindi cinema. She recorded songs for movies in several languages besides Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, Assamese, Gujarati, Kannada, Angika, Bhojpuri, Rajasthani, Odia and Punjabi.

Her voice has often been mistaken to be that of Lata Mangeshkar due to their similar tone and texture. Suman Kalyanpur's career started in 1954 and she went onto become a popular singer in the 1960s and 1970s.

Bhojpuri language
Bhojpuri (IPA: /ˌboʊdʒˈpʊəri/; Devanagari: भोजपुरीⓘ, Kaithi: 𑂦𑂷𑂔𑂣𑂳𑂩𑂲, (IPA: [bʰoːdʒpʊɾiː])) is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Bhojpur-Purvanchal region of India and the Terai region of Nepal. It is chiefly spoken in eastern Uttar Pradesh, western Bihar, and northwestern Jharkhand in India, as well as western Madhesh, eastern Lumbini. According to the 2011 Census of India, it is spoken by approximately 50.5 million people.

It is also a minority language in Fiji, Mauritius, Suriname and historically primarily in the Natal province of  South Africa. Fiji Hindi, an official language of Fiji, is a dialect of Bhojpuri spoken by the Indo-Fijians. Caribbean Hindustani is spoken by the Indo-Caribbean people in Guyana, Suriname, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. In Mauritius, it is recognised by the government and taught in university as well.

Bhojpuri language is listed as potentially vulnerable in the UNESCO World Atlas of Languages.
Kameelrivier Stadium
Kameelrivier Stadium is a stadium in Kameelrivier.

The stadium is used for  soccer matches. Previously the home of TS Galaxy, as of the 2025–26 National First Division it is used by Leicesterford City.

2025–26 National First Division
The 2025–26 National First Division (called the Motsepe Foundation Championship for sponsorship reasons) will be the season from August 2025 to May 2026 of South Africa's second tier of professional soccer, the National First Division.
Nasser Abu Hamid
Nasser Abu Hamid (Arabic: ناصر أبو حميد; 5 October 1972 – 20 December 2022) was a Palestinian militant. He was a leader of the al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades. He was known as "Barghouti's right hand man". He was arrested in April 2002 and was given seven life sentences plus 50 years for multiple murder convictions. After twenty years in prison, he died from cancer.

Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades
The al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades (Arabic: كتائب شهداء الأقصى, romanized: Katāʾib Shuhadāʾ al-Aqṣā) are a Fatah-aligned coalition of Palestinian armed groups in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.

Created in 2000 amidst the Second Intifada, the Brigades previously operated as the official armed wing of the Fatah political party before separating from them in 2007. Presently, the organization continues to be politically aligned with Fatah and nonetheless sometimes still presents itself as the party's armed wing, an association rejected by Fatah leadership.

The al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades have conducted various armed attacks on Israeli military and civilian targets since 2000. Notably, they have participated in the ongoing Gaza war (2023–present) alongside Hamas and other allied Palestinian factions.

The Brigades have been designated as a terrorist organization by Israel, the European Union, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, and the United States.
Melissa Williams (skateboarder)
Melissa Williams (born 12 June 1985) is a South African skateboarder.

She competed in the women's park event at the 2021 Tokyo Olympics and was the oldest woman participating in skateboarding at the Games.

Skateboarding at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Skateboarding was an event held in the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. It was the debut appearance of skateboarding at the Summer Olympics. Skateboarding was one of four new sports added to the Olympic program for 2020; it is also provisionally approved for the 2024 Summer Olympic games. The proposal to add skateboarding to the Olympics was approved in August 2016.
Biological effects of high-energy visible light
High-energy visible light (HEV light) is short-wave light in the violet/blue band from 400 to 450 nm in the visible spectrum, which in artificial narrowband form has a number of proven negative biological effects, namely on circadian rhythm and retinal health (blue-light hazard), which can lead to age-related macular degeneration. Increasingly, blue blocking filters are being designed into glasses to avoid blue light's purported negative effects. However, there is no good evidence that filtering blue light with spectacles has any effect on eye health, eye strain, sleep quality or mood swings.

Nanometre
The nanometre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: nm), or nanometer (American spelling), is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), equal to one billionth (short scale) or one thousand millionth (long scale) of a metre (0.000000001 m) and to 1000 picometres. One nanometre can be expressed in scientific notation as 1 × 10−9 m and as ⁠1/1000000000⁠ m.
Good Morning with Rosemary
Good Morning with Rosemary, also known as Good Morning!!!, was an Australian morning variety program that aired on TEN-10 (now part of Network Ten), and was broadcast in New South Wales. It was one of Australian Television's first weekday breakfast/variety programs for children. The program was produced and presented live to air by Rosemary Eather. The two-hour show featured news and live animals. On one occasion an elephant, named "Star" apparently counter to plan, walked between the live-to-air news reader and the camera, then toward the exit doors, with Rosemary and others chasing after the animal.

Guest celebrities included John Banner, Lorne Greene and Col Joye and Judy Stone. "Let's Explore" was a recurring feature.

John Banner
John Banner (born Johann Banner, January 28, 1910 – January 28, 1973) was an Austrian-born American actor, best known for his role as Sergeant Schultz in the situation comedy Hogan's Heroes (1965–1971). Schultz, constantly encountering evidence that inmates of his stalag were actively conducting anti-German espionage and sabotage activities, frequently feigned ignorance with the catchphrase, "I see nothing! I hear nothing! I know nothing!" (or, more commonly as the series went on, "I know nothing, nothing!").
2021 US Open – Men's doubles
Rajeev Ram and Joe Salisbury defeated the defending champion Bruno Soares and his partner Jamie Murray in the final, 3–6, 6–2, 6–2 to win the men's doubles tennis title at the 2021 US Open. It was the second major title for Ram and Salisbury as a team, following the 2020 Australian Open. Ram and Salisbury saved four match points en route to the title, in the quarterfinals against Matthew Ebden and Max Purcell.

Soares and Mate Pavić were the defending champions, but did not play together. Pavić partnered Nikola Mektić, but lost in the first round to Nathaniel Lammons and Jackson Withrow.

Salisbury also won the mixed doubles title partnering Desirae Krawczyk, becoming the first man to win both the men's doubles and mixed doubles titles at the US Open in the same year since Bob Bryan in 2010.

2020 Australian Open – Men's doubles
Rajeev Ram and Joe Salisbury defeated Max Purcell and Luke Saville in the final, 6–4, 6–2 to win the men's doubles tennis title at the 2020 Australian Open.

Pierre-Hugues Herbert and Nicolas Mahut were the defending champions, but were defeated in the first round by Simone Bolelli and Benoît Paire.

Marcelo Arévalo became the first Salvadoran to reach a major quarterfinal.
Servotron
Servotron was a science fiction-influenced rock band active from 1995 to 1999. Members portrayed a collective of robots whose chosen medium for dissemination of ideas was music. They claimed to spread the word of robot domination, encouraging machines to rise up against their human oppressors and humans to adopt cybernetic enhancements.

Servotron put out two full-length albums: No Room for Humans (1996) and Entertainment Program for Humans (Second Variety) (1998). They also released a 10" EP, and several singles. The band named their movement the SRA (Servotron Robot Allegiance) and used the slogan "Join Us or Die!".  This mock ideology was anti-human and pro-cyborg, encouraging humans to shed their weak flesh and bone for robotic parts.

Collective
A collective is a group of entities that share or are motivated by at least one common issue or interest or work together to achieve a common objective. Collectives can differ from cooperatives in that they are not necessarily focused upon an economic benefit or saving, though they can be.

The term "collective" is sometimes used to describe a species as a whole—for example, the human collective.

For political purposes, a collective is defined by decentralized, or "majority-rules" decision-making styles.
Dry milling and fractionation of grain
Dry milling of grain is mainly utilized to manufacture feedstock into consumer and industrial based products. This process is widely associated with the development of new bio-based associated by-products.  The milling process separates the grain into four distinct physical components: the germ, flour, fine grits, and coarse grits. The separated materials are then reduced into food products utilized for human and animal consumption.

It is estimated that 165 million bushels of maize are dry-milled per year. Currently, dry milling is mainly focused on corn-based products for human and animal consumption, or utilized during fuel ethanol production. The main objective of the dry-milling process is to separate the endosperm, which is mainly composed of starch, from the germ and pericarp fibers as much as possible.

Grain
A grain is a small, hard, dry fruit (caryopsis) – with or without an attached hull layer – harvested for human or animal consumption. A grain crop is a grain-producing plant. The two main types of commercial grain crops are cereals and legumes.

After being harvested, dry grains are more durable than other staple foods, such as starchy fruits (plantains, breadfruit, etc.) and tubers (sweet potatoes, cassava, and more). This durability has made grains well suited to industrial agriculture, since they can be mechanically harvested, transported by rail or ship, stored for long periods in silos, and milled for flour or pressed for oil. Thus, the grain market is a major global agricultural market that includes crops such as maize, rice, soybeans, wheat and other grains.
Altica
Altica (Neo-Latin from Greek ἁλτικός, haltikós, "jumper" or "jumping") is a large genus of flea beetles in the subfamily Galerucinae, with about 300 species, distributed nearly worldwide. The genus is best represented in the Neotropical realm, well represented in the Nearctic and Palearctic, but occurs also in the Afrotropic, Indomalaya, and Australasia. The species are similar to each other, small metallic blue-green-bronze beetles, often distinguished from each other only by the aedeagus. The species of Altica, both as larvae and as adults, are phytophagous, feeding on plant foliage of various food plant taxa, specific for each Altica species. Onagraceae and Rosaceae (mainly Rubus) are the dominant host plant families for Holarctic species. The adult Altica beetles are able to jump away when approached.

Holarctic realm
The Holarctic realm is a biogeographic realm that comprises the majority of habitats found throughout the continents in the Northern Hemisphere. It corresponds to the floristic Boreal kingdom. It includes both the Nearctic zoogeographical region (which covers most of North America), and Alfred Wallace's Palearctic zoogeographical region (which covers  North Africa, and all of Eurasia except for  Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and the southern Arabian Peninsula).

These  regions are further subdivided into a variety of ecoregions. Many ecosystems and the animal and plant communities that depend on them extend across a number of continents and cover large portions of the Holarctic realm. This continuity is the result of those regions’ shared glacial history.
Solomiya Ivakhiv
Solomiya Ivakhiv (born April 3, 1980) is a Ukrainian-born internationally performing classical violinist and Head of Strings at the University of Connecticut. She holds a Doctorate in Musical Arts and is a professor of violin at the University of Connecticut as well as the Longy School of Music of Bard College. In August 2021 she was awarded by presidential decree the title of Honored Artist of Ukraine by president Volodymyr Zelenskyy.

Merited Artist of Ukraine
Honored Artist of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Заслужений артист України, romanized: Zasluzhenyi artyst Ukrainy; also translated as Honored (Performing) Artist of Ukraine or Merited (Performing) Artist of Ukraine) is a state honorary title of decoration of the Ukrainian government.  Originally awarded by the Ukrainian SSR, the award continued after Ukraine regained independence, recognizing outstanding achievement in the performing arts. The Law of Ukraine regulates it Regarding the State Awards of Ukraine (#1549-14).
Squadron (TV series)
Squadron is a British television series produced by the BBC in 1982.

The series dealt with the adventures of the fictional 373 Rapid Deployment Squadron of the Royal Air Force. The Squadron operated a mix of operational RAF aircraft including the Harrier GR Mk 3, Hercules C Mk 1, Puma HC Mk 1 and the first episode, Phantom FGR Mk 2. One series of ten episodes was made. The leading cast members included Michael Culver, Malcolm Stoddard, Derek Anders, and Catriona MacColl.

McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II non-U.S. operators
F-4 Phantom II non-U.S. operators are the non-U.S. nations with air forces that operate or used to operate the McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II. The Phantom II entered service with the U.S. military in 1960 and served until 1996. During this time it was the primary interceptor, air superiority fighter and fighter bomber with the U.S. Navy, Marines and Air Force.

The Phantom II was exported to 11 other nations, and continues to serve in a military role in some parts of the world.
Gustavus Fowke
Gustavus Henry Spencer Fowke (14 October 1880 – 24 June 1946) was an English army officer and also a first-class cricketer who played for Leicestershire and the Army between 1899 and 1927. He was born in Brighton, Sussex and died at Wansford, then in Northamptonshire, now in Cambridgeshire.

Wansford, Cambridgeshire
Wansford is a village straddling the City of Peterborough and Huntingdonshire districts in the ceremonial county of Cambridgeshire, England. It had a population of 506 at the 2021 Census. It is situated 7 miles (11 km) west of Peterborough and 8 miles (13 km) miles south of Stamford. It is close to the county boundary with both Lincolnshire and Northamptonshire. The village is also located close to the A1 road and was on the route of the original Great North Road before the modern A1 was built. The village has since been bypassed by the A1 but the former Great North Road still exists through the village.
Vinger Church
Vinger Church (Norwegian: Vinger kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Kongsvinger Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the town of Kongsvinger. It is the church for the Vinger parish which is part of the Solør, Vinger og Odal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Hamar. The white, wooden church was built in a cruciform design in 1697 using plans drawn up by the architect Peder Gundersen Norigarden. The church seats about 600 people.

Glomma
The Glomma or Glåma is Norway's longest and most voluminous river. With a total length of 621 kilometres (386 miles), it has a drainage basin that covers 13% of Norway's surface area, all in the southern part of the country.
Citizenship Studies
Citizenship Studies is a bimonthly peer-reviewed interdisciplinary academic journal covering the study of citizenship and related concepts. It was established in 1997 with Bryan Turner (City University of New York and Australian Catholic University) as founding editor. The current editors-in-chief are Engin F. Isin (Queen Mary University of London and University of London Institute in Paris), Anne McNevin (New School for Social Research) and Peter Nyers (McMaster University). It is published by Taylor & Francis. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 1.240.

University of London Institute in Paris
The University of London Institute in Paris (ULIP; French: Institut de l'Université de Londres à Paris) is a central academic body of the University of London located in the 7th arrondissement of Paris. It is the only British university institute in continental Europe.
Philosophy of Education Society of Great Britain
The Philosophy of Education Society of Great Britain was established in 1964 'to promote the development and teaching of the rigorous philosophical study of educational questions'. Professor Louis Arnaud Reid was the first President. The current chair of the society is Professor Paul Standish, head of the Centre for Philosophy at the UCL Institute of Education.

The Society has a regional network and its members are from both the UK and overseas. Membership is open to individuals who have been or are engaged in some form of study of the philosophy of education. It also holds regular events, including an annual conference and publishes the Journal of Philosophy of Education and the booklet series IMPACT.

Academic conference
An academic conference or scientific conference (also congress, symposium, workshop, or meeting) is an event for researchers (not necessarily academics) to present and discuss their scholarly work. Together with academic or scientific journals and preprint archives, conferences provide an important channel for exchange of information between researchers. Further benefits of participating in academic conferences include learning effects in terms of presentation skills and "academic habitus", receiving feedback from peers for one's own research, the possibility to engage in informal communication with peers about work opportunities and collaborations, and getting an overview of current research in one or more disciplines.

The first international academic conferences and congresses appeared in 19th century.
2007 French Open – Girls' singles
France's Alizé Cornet won the title, defeating Mariana Duque Marino in the final, 4-6, 6–1, 6–0.

Agnieszka Radwańska was the defending champion, but chose to compete in the women's singles competition where she lost to 28th seed Mara Santangelo in the first round.

Mara Santangelo
Mara Santangelo (born 28 June 1981) is a former tennis player from Italy and Grand Slam champion in doubles, winning 2007 French Open. As single player, she won a decisive match in the final Italy vs Belgium against Kirsten Flipkens allowing her national team to win for the first time the 2006 Fed Cup.
Milton Sutliff
Milton Sutliff (October 6 or 16, 1806 – April 24, 1878) was a Republican politician in the U.S. State of Ohio who was a member of the Ohio Senate for one year and an Ohio Supreme Court Judge from 1858 to 1863.

Supreme Court of Ohio
The Supreme Court of the State of Ohio is the highest court in the U.S. state of Ohio, with final authority over interpretations of Ohio law and the Ohio Constitution. The court has seven members, a chief justice and six associate justices, who are elected at large by the voters of Ohio for six-year terms. The court has a total of 1,550 other employees. Since 2004, the court has met in the Thomas J. Moyer Ohio Judicial Center (formerly known as the Ohio Departments Building) on the east bank of the Scioto River in Downtown Columbus. Prior to 2004, the court met in the James A. Rhodes State Office Tower and earlier in the Judiciary Annex (now the Senate Building) of the Ohio Statehouse.

The Ohio Supreme Court and the rest of the judiciary is established and authorized within Article IV of the Ohio Constitution.
Multilinear algebra
Multilinear algebra is the study of functions with multiple vector-valued arguments, with the functions being linear maps with respect to each argument. It involves concepts such as matrices, tensors, multivectors, systems of linear equations, higher-dimensional spaces, determinants, inner and outer products, and dual spaces. It is a mathematical tool used in engineering, machine learning, physics, and mathematics.

Outer product
In linear algebra, the outer product of two coordinate vectors is the matrix whose entries are all products of an element in the first vector with an element in the second vector. If the two coordinate vectors have dimensions n and m, then their outer product is an n × m matrix. More generally, given two tensors (multidimensional arrays of numbers), their outer product is a tensor. The outer product of tensors is also referred to as their tensor product, and can be used to define the tensor algebra.

The outer product contrasts with:

The dot product (a special case of "inner product"), which takes a pair of coordinate vectors as input and produces a scalar

The Kronecker product, which takes a pair of matrices as input and produces a block matrix

Standard matrix multiplication
Yolk plug
Yolk plug is the remaining patch of endodermal cells that is created during the formation of the dorsal lip of the blastopore in the amphibian. It is a patch of large endodermal cells which remains exposed on the vegetal surface of the blastula that will eventually be internalized by epiboly.

Gastrulation
Gastrulation is the stage in the early embryonic development of most animals, during which the blastula (a single-layered hollow sphere of cells), or in mammals, the blastocyst, is reorganized into a two-layered or three-layered embryo known as the gastrula. Before gastrulation, the embryo is a continuous epithelial sheet of cells; by the end of gastrulation, the embryo has begun differentiation to establish distinct cell lineages, set up the basic axes of the body (e.g. dorsal–ventral, anterior–posterior), and internalized one or more cell types, including the prospective gut.