hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
October 2023 lunar eclipse
A partial lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Saturday, October 28, 2023, with an umbral magnitude of 0.1234. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A partial lunar eclipse occurs when one part of the Moon is in the Earth's umbra, while the other part is in the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring about 2.9 days after perigee (on October 25, 2023, at 23:00 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

Earth's shadow
Earth's shadow (or Earth shadow) is the shadow that Earth itself casts through its atmosphere and into outer space, toward the antisolar point. During the twilight period (both early dusk and late dawn), the shadow's visible fringe —sometimes called the dark segment or twilight wedge—appears as a dark and diffuse band just above the horizon, most distinct when the sky is clear.

Since the angular diameters of the Sun and the Moon as viewed from Earth's surface are almost the same, the ratio of the length of Earth's shadow to the distance between Earth and the Moon will be almost equal to the ratio of the diameters of Earth and the Moon.

Since Earth's diameter is 3.7 times the Moon's, the length of the planet's umbra is correspondingly 3.7 times the average distance from the Moon to Earth: about 1.4 million km (870,000 mi). The diameter of Earth's shadow at lunar distance is about 9,000 km (5,600 mi), or 2.6 lunar diameters, which allows observation of total lunar eclipses from Earth.
Paadrema Nature Reserve
Paadrema Nature Reserve is a nature reserve situated in south-western Estonia, in Pärnu County.

The nature reserve of Paadrema is centred on Paadrema fen, surrounded by old-growth forest and swamps. Typical plants that grow in the area include several species of orchid and sweet gale. Among birds, white-tailed eagle, white-spotted bluethroat, red-backed shrike and common crane can be found in the nature reserve.

Pärnu County
Pärnu County (Estonian: Pärnu maakond or Pärnumaa; German: Kreis Pernau) is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is located in the southwestern part of the country, on the coast of the Gulf of Riga, and it borders Lääne and Rapla counties to the north, Järva and Viljandi counties to the east, and Latvia to the south. In 2022, Pärnu County had a population of 85,705, constituting 6.4% of the total population of Estonia.

Pärnu County is the largest county of Estonia in terms of land area.
Laura Roper
Laura Roper is an Australian sailor. She competed in the 2011 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race skippering Natelle Two. Her time in the race was 5 days 3 minutes and 12 seconds, coming in to Hobart at 1:03pm on 31 December 2011. She competed with the same boat in the 2019 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race as one of only nine female skippers.

2019 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race
The 2019 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race was the 75th annual running of the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race. Hosted by the Cruising Yacht Club of Australia sponsored by Rolex, it began on Sydney Harbour at 13:00 on 26 December 2019, before heading south for 628 nautical miles (1,163 km) via the Tasman Sea, Bass Strait, Storm Bay and up the River Derwent, to cross the finish line in Hobart, Tasmania.

A fleet of 157 boats contested the race and 154 finished. Line honours were claimed by LDV Comanche in a time of 1 day, 18 hours, 30 minutes and 24 seconds. Ichi Ban (Matt Allen) won her second Tattersall Cup.
1991 Eurocard Classics
The 1991 Eurocard Classics was a men's ATP tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Hanns-Martin-Schleyer-Halle in Stuttgart, Germany that was part of the Championship Series of the 1991 ATP Tour. It was the second edition of the tournament and was held from 18 February until 24 February 1991. Second-seeded Stefan Edberg won the singles title.

ATP International Series Gold
ATP International Series Gold (known from 1990 to 1999 as the ATP Championship Series) was a series of professional tennis tournaments held internationally between 2000 and 2008 that were part of the ATP Tour. The tournaments were positioned below the ATP Masters Series, and above the ATP International Series in terms of prize money and ranking points available.

International Series Gold tournaments offered players cash prizes (purses from $755,000 to $1,426,250 as of 2008) and the ability to earn ATP ranking points. See Association of Tennis Professionals#ATP rankings for more details.

Effective in 2009, this series of tournaments became the ATP Tour 500, incorporating many of the same tournaments. The "500" represents the number of ATP ranking points earned by the winner of each event in the series.
Shock troops
Shock troops, assault troops, or storm troops are special formations created to lead military attacks. They are often better trained and equipped than other military units and are expected to take heavier casualties even in successful operations.

"Shock troop" is a loose translation of the German word Stoßtrupp (literally "thrust squad" or "push squad").  Assault troopers are typically organized for mobility with the intention that they will penetrate enemy defenses and attack into the enemy's vulnerable rear areas.  Any specialized, elite unit formed to fight an engagement via overwhelming assault (usually) would be considered shock troops, as opposed to "special forces" or commando-style units (intended mostly for covert operations). However, both types of units could fight behind enemy lines, by surprise if required.

Covert operation
A covert operation, clandestine operation or undercover operation is a military or police operation involving a covert agent or troops acting under an assumed cover to conceal the identity of the party responsible.: 5–6
Claisen–Schmidt condensation
In organic chemistry, the Claisen–Schmidt condensation is the reaction between an aldehyde or ketone having an α-hydrogen with an aromatic carbonyl compound lacking an α-hydrogen. It can be considered as a specific variation of the aldol condensation. This reaction is named after two of its pioneering investigators Rainer Ludwig Claisen and J. Gustav Schmidt, who independently published on this topic in 1880 and 1881.  An example is the synthesis of dibenzylideneacetone ((1E, 4E)-1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one).

Quantitative yields in Claisen–Schmidt reactions have been reported in the absence of solvent using sodium hydroxide as the base and plus benzaldehydes. Because the enolizable nucleophilic carbonyl compound and the electrophilic carbonyl compound are two different chemicals, the Claisen–Schmidt reaction is an example of a crossed aldol process.

Aldehyde
In organic chemistry, an aldehyde (/ˈældɪhaɪd/) (lat. alcohol dehydrogenatum, dehydrogenated alcohol) is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure R−CH=O. The functional group itself (without the "R" side chain) can be referred to as an aldehyde but can also be classified as a formyl group. Aldehydes are a common motif in many chemicals important in technology and biology.
A House Divided (novel)
A House Divided is a historical fiction novel by American author Pearl S. Buck first published by John Day Company in 1935. The story centers on the third generation of Wang Lung's family, focusing particularly on his grandson Wang Yuan. It is the third and final book in The House of Earth trilogy, preceded by Sons.

John Day Company
The John Day Company was a New York City-based publishing firm that specialized in illustrated fiction and current affairs books and pamphlets from 1926 to 1968. It was founded by Richard J. Walsh in 1926 and named after John Day, the Elizabethan printer. Walsh was the editor and second husband of Pearl S. Buck. The textbook company Intext acquired the John Day Company in 1968. Intext was sold to the Thomas Y. Crowell Co. in 1974.
Bulumgavhan
21°38′14″N 76°59′56″E﻿ / ﻿21.6373437°N 76.9990153°E﻿ / 21.6373437; 76.9990153

Bulumgavhan is a village in the Dharni taluka, Melghat area of Amravati district in Maharashtra state.

Electricity became available on 14 April 2018. As the then Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis appointed the rural development fellow under the Maharashtra Village Social Transformation Foundation. One of the CM fellows, Anand Arun Joshi, worked on it with the help of local government.

Dharni taluka
Dharni is a taluka in Amravati district, Maharashtra, India. It lies in the Satpura Range and is heavily forested and mainly tribal. Its headquarters are at Dharni. Melghat Tiger Reserve is part of this taluk.
Pacific Lutheran University Crew
This article features terminology unique to rowing.  For further information see main article Glossary of Rowing Terms

PLU Crew is the varsity rowing program for Pacific Lutheran University in Tacoma, Washington.   Today the team consists of a varsity Women's programs, a member of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III, as well as the Northwest Conference, and a club Men's program.

Varsity team
A varsity team is the highest-level team in a sport or activity representing an educational institution. Varsity teams train to compete against each other during an athletic season or in periodic matches against rival institutions. At high schools in the United States, a varsity team is one step above a school's junior varsity (JV) team, which is composed of less experienced players.

The term varsity originated in Britain in the 1840s and means university; varsity team referring to the principal team that would represent the university in matches against another university. In contrast, student-run college teams within a university typically compete against each other in intramural events and, in the U.S., club sports.
Richard Reelie
Richard Reelie is a paralympic athlete from Canada competing mainly in category T52 wheelchair racing events.

Richard has competed at five Paralympics, the first in 1988 saw Richard win 3 gold medals in the Class 1B shot, discus and javelin.  From 1992 Richard concentrated on wheelchair racing winning the gold medal in the TW2 400m and 800m and silver medals in the 200m and 1500m. The 1996 Summer Paralympics were the first time Richard failed to medal in any event and left him without a medal in the 200m, 400m and 800m.  He returned to medal winning form in the 2000 Summer Paralympics winning silver in the 800m and bronze in the 5000m but missing out in the 1500m.

1992 Summer Paralympics
The 1992 Summer Paralympics (Spanish: Juegos Paralímpicos de Verano de 1992; Catalan: Jocs Paralímpics d'estiu de 1992) were the ninth Paralympic Games to be held. They were held in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. In addition, the 1992 Paralympic Games for Persons with mental handicap were held immediately after the regular Paralympics in the Spanish capital, Madrid.
Lost Animals of the 20th Century
Lost Animals of the 20th Century is a 16-episode documentary series shown on the Discovery Channel in the 1990s. It features animals that have become extinct throughout the 20th century. Animals are adjudged as such when the last specimen of the species dies sometime from 1900 to 1999. However, since the show was produced in the 1990s (still part of the 20th century), most of the animals covered became extinct in the early part of the century. Greta Scacchi introduces each episode during the title sequence and narrates episodes 1 through 8. Lin Sagovsky narrates the remainder of the series.

Lists of extinct species
This page features lists of species and organisms that have become extinct. The reasons for extinction range from natural occurrences, such as shifts in the Earth's ecosystem or natural disasters, to human influences on nature by hunting and destruction of natural habitats.

A species is presumed to be extinct after surveys of its expected and historical habitat demonstrate an inability to locate an individual. Species which meet this criterion but are known to be kept in captivity are extinct in the wild. If a final specimen of a moribund species is found, it is an endling.
Harry Carter (politician)
Harry Charles Carter (5 May 1874 – 25 July 1952) was an Australian politician.

He was born at Attleborough, Norfolk, England, to farming bailiff Edward Carter and Dinah Louisa, née Woor. He was educated locally and emigrated to Sydney in 1892, working as a farm hand near Singleton and as a bookkeeper near Quirindi. From 1895 he ran his own property, Yarraman North near Quirindi, which he purchased outright in 1909. On 25 April 1900 he married Elsie Maude Tate, with whom he had four children. He served on Tamarang Shire Council from 1914 to 1928, and later expanded his holdings to include an additional property called Woorak. In 1927 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the Country Party member for Liverpool Plains, serving until his retirement in 1941. Carter died at Willoughby in 1952.

Singleton, New South Wales
Singleton is a town on the banks of the Hunter River in New South Wales, Australia. Singleton is 202km (126 mi) north-north-west of Sydney, and 70 km (43 mi) north-west of Newcastle. As of 2023, Singleton had an estimated urban population of 17,503.

Singleton's main urban area includes the town centre, Singleton Heights, Dunolly, Darlington, The Retreat, Wattle Ponds and Hunterview. Surrounding rural villages include Broke, Camberwell, Jerrys Plains, Goorangoola/Greenlands, Belford and Lower Belford.

Singleton is located on the north-eastern part of the geological structure known as the Sydney basin, which borders the New England region.

Singleton is now home to a $100 million dollar lottery winner, the highest in the town’s history.
Operation Cartenz's Peace
Operation Cartenz's Peace (Indonesian: Operasi Damai Cartenz), formerly Operation Nemangkawi, is a joint-operation conducted by Indonesian National Armed Forces and Indonesian National Police to curb armed separatist rebels in Papua. According to Chief of Papua Regional Police, Mathius Fakhiri, there are currently six active separatist groups located mainly in Papua highlands. While there are two groups which became less active or retired after Operation Nemangkawi. Tingginambut faction under Goliath Tabuni were beaten in October 2018, and 10 members were subdued by Police. Goliath Tabuni moved to Gome District and presumed retired. Lanny Jaya faction under Purom Wenda became less active after Police operation in Balingga District and its headquarters in Kali Mau. Some members of this group left and "return" to Indonesia.

Goliath Tabuni
Goliath Namaan Tabuni (born 1959 or 1960) is a Papuan guerilla leader who is commander of the West Papua National Liberation Army (TPNPB). Mostly based around Puncak Jaya Regency, his unit is known for launching attacks and ambushes against Indonesian government units.
Louis Saint-Calbre
Louis Saint-Calibre (July 6, 1912 – February 28, 1970) was a French bobsledder who competed in the late 1940s. At the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, he finished 12th in the two-man event as well as 13th in the four-man event.

Four years later he finished eleventh in the four-man event at the 1952 Winter Olympics.

Saint-Calibre later was involved in the unsuccessful design for the bobsleigh course to be used for the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley, specifically with costs related to the course itself (USD300,000) instead of the course and its supporting area (grandstands, scoreboard, lighting, tramway, etc. which raised the cost to USD700,000). A letter of protest was sent from the 1960 Organizing Committee to the International Bobsleigh and Tobogganing Federation (FIBT) in late 1957 that was published in the February 1958 Olympic Review. This issue would lead to bobsleigh's exclusion from the 1960 program.

St. Moritz
St. Moritz is a high Alpine resort town in the Engadine in Switzerland, at an elevation of about 1,800 metres (5,910 ft) above sea level. It is Upper Engadine's major town and a municipality in the administrative region of Maloja in the Swiss canton of the Grisons.

St. Moritz lies on the southern slopes of the Albula Alps below the Piz Nair (3,056 m or 10,026 ft) overlooking the flat and wide glaciated valley of the Upper Engadine and Lake St. Moritz. It hosted the Winter Olympics in 1928 and 1948.
Jai Kumar Singh
Jai Kumar Singh is an Indian politician from the Rohtas district of Bihar, India. He served as Minister of Department of Science and Technology, Bihar and was a Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly representing Dinara vidhan sabha constituency since 2005.

Bihar Legislative Assembly
The Bihar Legislative Assembly (ISO: Bihār Vidhān Sabhā), is the lower house of the bicameral Bihar Legislature of the state of Bihar in India. The first state elections were held in 1952.

Before the partition of Bihar, the total strength of membership in the assembly was 331, including one nominated member. After the partition, the seats were reduced to 243 members. Shri Krishna Singh became the first leader of the House and the first chief minister, Anugrah Narayan Singh was elected as the first deputy leader of the house and the first deputy chief minister.
Accretionary wedge
An accretionary wedge or accretionary prism forms from sediments accreted onto the non-subducting tectonic plate at a convergent plate boundary. Most of the material in the accretionary wedge consists of marine sediments scraped off from the downgoing slab of oceanic crust, but in some cases the wedge includes the erosional products of volcanic island arcs formed on the overriding plate.

An accretionary complex is a current (in modern use) or former accretionary wedge. Accretionary complexes are typically made up of a mix of turbidites of terrestrial material, basalts from the ocean floor, and pelagic and hemipelagic sediments. For example, most of the geological basement of Japan is made up of accretionary complexes.

Terrane
In geology, a terrane (/təˈreɪn, ˈtɛreɪn/; in full, a tectonostratigraphic terrane) is a crust fragment formed on a tectonic plate (or broken off from it) and accreted or "sutured" to crust lying on another plate. The crustal block or fragment preserves its distinctive geologic history, which is different from the surrounding areas—hence the term "exotic" terrane. The suture zone between a terrane and the crust it attaches to is usually identifiable as a fault. A sedimentary deposit that buries the contact of the terrane with adjacent rock is called an overlap formation. An igneous intrusion that has intruded and obscured the contact of a terrane with adjacent rock is called a stitching pluton.

There is also an older usage of the term terrane, which described a series of related rock formations or an area with a preponderance of a particular rock or rock group.
Alabaster Peak
Alabaster Peak is an 8,065-foot-elevation (2,458-meter) mountain summit located 35 miles (56 km) east of Palmer, in the northern Chugach Mountains of Alaska. This peak of the Matanuska Valley is set midway between Anchorage and Glennallen, and can be seen from the Glenn Highway. It is situated 15 miles (24 km) west of Matanuska Glacier and 1.8 miles (2.9 km) south of Awesome Peak. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into Coal, Monument, and Gravel creeks, which are tributaries of the Matanuska River. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 3,065 feet (934 meters) along the west slope in one mile (1.6 km). The first ascent of the summit was made on July 4, 1970, by Robert Spurr, Bob Pelz, and Royce Purinton via the Spectrum Glacier and North Ridge. This mountain's toponym has not been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names, so it is only marked as "8065" on USGS maps.

Terrain
Terrain (from Latin  terra 'earth'), alternatively relief or topographical relief, is the dimension and shape of a given surface of a land. In physical geography, terrain is the lay of the land. This is usually expressed in terms of the elevation, slope, and orientation of terrain features. Terrain affects surface water flow and distribution. Over a large area, it can affect weather and climate patterns. Bathymetry is the study of underwater relief, while hypsometry studies terrain relative to sea level.
Miss South Africa 2020
Miss South Africa 2020 was the 62nd edition of the Miss South Africa pageant, held at The Table Bay Hotel in Cape Town, on 24 October 2020.

Sasha-Lee Olivier of Gauteng crowned Shudufhadzo Musida of Limpopo as her successor at the end of the event. She will represent South Africa at Miss World 2021. Musida, being the winner, also received prizes in excess of 3 million rand, including a car and one-year free stay in the Miss South Africa official apartment, located in Sandton, Johannesburg. First runner-up Thato Mosehle received 250,000 rand and represented South Africa at Miss Supranational 2021, second runner-up Natasha Joubert received 100,000 rand and represented South Africa at Miss Universe 2020.

Miss World 2021
Miss World 2021 was the 70th edition of the Miss World pageant, held at the Coca-Cola Music Hall in San Juan, Puerto Rico, on 16 March 2022. The coronation was originally scheduled to be held on 16 December 2021 at the José Miguel Agrelot Coliseum. However, the pageant was rescheduled to 16 March 2022 due to the COVID-19 outbreak in Puerto Rico.

At the end of the event, Karolina Bielawska of Poland was crowned as Miss World 2021 by Toni-Ann Singh of Jamaica. It is the second victory of Poland in the history of the pageant.

Contestants from ninety-seven countries and territories competed in the pageant, featuring the smallest number of candidates at the pageant since 2003. The pageant was hosted by Peter Andre and Fernando Allende. Don Omar, Gente de Zona, Víctor Manuelle, Pedro Capó, and the Puerto Rico Philharmonic Orchestra (Filarmónica de Puerto Rico) conducted by Angel Velez with guest conductor Mike Dixon performed.
Olyokminsk Airport
Olyokminsk Airport (Yakut: Өлүөхүмэ Аэропорт, Ölömbünèèh Aeroporta) (IATA: OLZ, ICAO: UEMO) is an airport serving the urban locality of Olyokminsk, Olyokminsky District, in the Sakha Republic of Russia. Opened in 1942. During the Great Patriotic War, more than eight thousand combat aircraft flying from the United States to the front were delivered through the Olekminsk airfield along the Alsib air route. Currently, the airport provides regular flights to Yakutsk and Irkutsk.

Yakut language
The Yakut language (/jəˈkuːt/ yə-KOOT), also known as the Sakha language (/səˈxɑː/ sə-KHAH) or Yakutian, is a Siberian Turkic language spoken by around 450,000 native speakers—primarily by ethnic Yakuts. It is one of the official languages of the Sakha Republic, a republic in the Russian Federation.

The Yakut language has a large number of loanwords of Mongolic origin, a layer of vocabulary of unclear origin, as well as numerous recent borrowings from Russian. Like other Turkic languages, Yakut is an agglutinative language and features vowel harmony.
Internet Girl (song)
"Internet Girl" is a song by girl group Katseye. It was released as a standalone single on January 2, 2026, through Hybe UMG and Geffen Records. The song was produced by Mattman & Robin, Justin Tranter, and Shawn Wasabi.

Shawn Wasabi
Shawn Michael Serrano (born May 26, 1994), professionally known as Shawn Wasabi, is an American artist, composer, and record producer from Salinas, California. He is credited as a co-inventor of the Midi Fighter 64, a custom musical software controller. Shawn has accumulated hundreds of millions of views on his original Youtube works. He resides in Los Angeles.
FC Krasny
FC Krasny (Russian: ФК «Красный») is a Russian football team based in Krasny. It was founded in 2002 and played on the amateur level. For 2020–21 season, it received the license for the third-tier Russian Professional Football League. It failed to receive the PFL license for the 2021–22 season.

Russian Second League
The Russian Second League (Russian: Первенство России II дивизиона ФНЛ), formerly the Russian Professional Football League, are both the third (Division A) and fourth level (Division B) of Russian professional football.