hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Coldspring House
Coldspring House is an unincorporated locality and former roadhouse on the Cariboo Wagon Road in the Cariboo Country of the Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada. Located just east of the confluence of Lightning Creek and the Swift River between Quesnel and Barkerville along that route. Only 8 km east along that road from Cottonwood House, another roadhouse still operating as a store and campground today, as well as a provincial heritage property with a small museum. Further along the route, which is today's BC Highway 26, is Beaver Pass House. All date from the era of the Cariboo Gold Rush and were busy stopping places for travellers going to and from the goldfields.

Lightning Creek (British Columbia)
Lightning Creek is a creek located in the Cariboo region of British Columbia.  This creek flows into the Swift River and was discovered in 1861 by Cunningham, Bell and Hume.  Lightning Creek was mined for gold.  A problem mining this creek is the depth of the bedrock  and the flooding of the deep diggings.  In 1876 half a dozen companies were operating pumps twenty four hours a day and raising almost 20 million gallons per day in an effort to keep the ground drained.  The total value of the gold yielded from the creek is about $15,000,000.  The tributaries on the south side of this creek yielded gold, but those on the north side yielded little gold.
Tatjana Matić
Tatjana Matić (Serbian Cyrillic: Татјана Матић; born 2 July 1972) is a Serbian politician who served as minister of trade, tourism and telecommunications from 2020 to 2022. A member of the Social Democratic Party of Serbia (SDPS), she served as state secretary in the first cabinet of Ana Brnabić.

Social Democratic Party of Serbia
The Social Democratic Party of Serbia (SDPS; Serbian: Социјалдемократска партија Србије, romanized: Socijaldemokratska partija Srbije) is a centre-left political party in Serbia. Orientated towards the principles of social democracy, it has been led by Rasim Ljajić since its formation in 2009.
Free Reformed Churches of South Africa
The Free Reformed Churches in South Africa (Afrikaans: Vrye Gereformeerde Kerke in Suid Afrika, VGKSA) is a federation of Protestant Christian churches. It follows Reformed Calvinist theology and has adopted the Dutch "three forms of unity" as its doctrinal standards: Canons of Dordt, Belgic Confession and the Heidelberg Catechism and subscribes to the three Ecumenical Creeds: The Apostles' Creed, The Nicene Creed and The Athanasian Creed.

Heidelberg Catechism
The Heidelberg Catechism (1563), one of the Three Forms of Unity, is a Reformed catechism taking the form of a series of questions and answers for use in teaching Reformed Christian doctrine. It was published in 1563 in Heidelberg, Germany.: 230  Its original title translates to Catechism, or Christian Instruction, according to the Usages of the Churches and Schools of the Electoral Palatinate. Commissioned by the prince-elector of the Electoral Palatinate, it is sometimes referred to as the 'Palatinate Catechism.' It has been translated into many languages and is regarded as one of the most influential of the Reformed catechisms. Today, the Catechism is "probably the most frequently read Reformed confessional text worldwide".: 13
205th Separate Guards Motor Rifle Brigade
The 205th Guards Cossack Motor Rifle Brigade (205 omsbr) (Russian: 205-я гвардейская мотострелковая казачья бригада (205 омсбр); Military Unit Number 74814) is a mechanized infantry brigade of the Russian Ground Forces. Part of the 49th Combined Arms Army, the brigade is based in Budyonnovsk, Stavropol Krai.

Formed in 1995 during the First Chechen War, the brigade has since fought in most Russian post-Soviet conflicts, including the War of Dagestan, Second Chechen War, the Russo-Georgian War, and the Russo-Ukrainian War.

Military Unit Number
A Military Unit Number (Russian: войсковая часть, в/ ч; Ukrainian: військова частина, в/ ч) is a unique numeric code assigned to military units of the Soviet Union and some Post-Soviet states. It is usually a four or five digit code for the purpose of identifying units of the armed forces and internal troops.

Military Unit Numbers for ground forces are assigned for a specific military unit (corps, division, brigade, etc.) while for the navy it is assigned to an individual ship. The number is also used for the unit's military mail and other logistics.
Riverside Park (Dallas)
Riverside Park was a baseball park located in Dallas, Texas, and was the home to many Negro league baseball teams that existed in Dallas over the course of segregated baseball as well as the Dallas Black Giants of the Texas Colored League and, later on, the Texas-Oklahoma-Louisiana League. The park was just a few blocks away from Burnett Field, and left and center fields, on the bank of the Trinity River, were in play. The park was also used by the Texas League Dallas Steers for one game the day after a fire destroyed Gardner Park on July 19, 1924.

Dallas Rangers
The Dallas Rangers were a high-level minor league baseball team located in Dallas, Texas, from 1958 to 1964. The team was known by the Dallas Rangers name in 1958, 1959, and 1964 and as the Dallas-Fort Worth Rangers from 1960 to 1963. It played in the Double-A Texas League in 1958, the Triple-A American Association from 1959 to 1962 and the Triple-A Pacific Coast League in 1963 and 1964. Its home stadium was Burnett Field.
Hump Back
Hump Back (Japanese: ハンプバック, Hepburn: Hampubakku) is a Japanese all-female  rock band formed in Higashiōsaka, Osaka in 2009. Lead vocalist and guitarist Momoko Hayashi has been the only constant member, with bassist Pika and drummer Misaki completing the lineup since 2016.

Higashiōsaka
Higashiōsaka (東大阪市, Higashiōsaka-shi; literally "East Osaka City") is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2023, the city had an estimated population of 486,464 in 233,124 households and a population density of 7,874 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 61.78 square kilometres (23.85 sq mi). The city is known as one of the industrial cities of Japan and "the rugby football town".
My Father's Daughter
My Father's Daughter is a personal memoir by Sheila Fitzpatrick published in 2010 by the Melbourne University Press.

In 2011, it was shortlisted for the National Biography Award, and in 2012 won the ASAL Awards — The Australian Historical Association Awards — Magarey Medal for Biography.

National Biography Award
The National Biography Award, established in Australia in 1996, is awarded for the best published work of biographical or autobiographical writing by an Australian. It aims "to encourage the highest standards of writing biography and autobiography and to promote public interest in those genres". It was initially awarded every two years, but from 2002 it has been awarded annually. Its administration was taken over by the State Library of New South Wales in 1998.
Cironka
Cironka (Macedonian: Циронка) is a traditional Macedonian fish dish that originated from Prespa region.

This dish is made from common bleak. The fresh fish are salted with a lot of salt until they become whitish. Then, the fish are left in a bowl for six to seven days. The bowl must be covered and in addition to the fish may contain some nettle. After that, the fish are threaded and they're left to dry on sunny weather, until they get hard. Then the fish are fried on both sides, and placed in hot water to become less salty. The fish are served with some peppermint, oil, vinegar and garlic.

Urtica dioica
Urtica dioica, often known as common nettle, burn nettle, stinging nettle, nettle leaf, or just a nettle or stinger, is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the family Urticaceae. Originally native to Europe, much of temperate Asia and western North Africa, it is now found worldwide.

The species is divided into six subspecies, five of which have many hollow stinging hairs called trichomes on the leaves and stems, which act like hypodermic needles, injecting histamine and other chemicals that produce a stinging sensation upon contact ("contact urticaria", a form of contact dermatitis).

The plant has a long history of use as a source for traditional medicine, food, tea, and textile raw material in ancient (such as Saxon) and modern societies.
Nobody's Love
"Nobody's Love" is a song by American band Maroon 5, released through 222 and Interscope Records on July 24, 2020, as the second single from the band's seventh studio album Jordi (2021). It is their first single without bassist Mickey Madden. The song was inspired by the COVID-19 pandemic and the George Floyd protests.

Peaking at number 41 on the Billboard Hot 100, it became their first single to fail to chart in the Top 40 since 2015's "Feelings" failed to chart altogether. However, the single became their seventh consecutive top-ten hit on Billboard's Adult Top 40 chart and record-extending 26th overall.

The remix, a collaboration with Jamaican singer-songwriter Popcaan, was released on October 16, 2020.

Adult Pop Airplay
The Adult Pop Airplay (formerly known as Adult Pop Songs and Adult Top 40) chart is published weekly by Billboard magazine and ranks "the most popular adult top 40 as based on radio airplay detections measured by Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems."

It is a format in which the genre is geared more towards an adult audience who are not into hard rock, hip hop, or soft adult contemporary fare. The main genres within this format are a mix of soft and energetic adult contemporary music alongside adult alternative rock and adult-oriented pop music. It is not to be confused with the Adult Contemporary chart which contains more ballad-driven songs played on the radio. The current number-one song on the chart is "Opalite" by Taylor Swift.
Fredonyer Peak
Fredonyer Peak is a mountain located in the Modoc-Lassen Plateau of central Lassen County, California.  It is around 16.2 km (10.1 mi) east by north of Spaulding, California.

Standing at 2,452 m (8,045 ft), it is the highest point in the Modoc-Lassen Plateau.

Atop the mountain, there is an old fire lookout tower and a radio mast, accessible via dirt road.

Spaulding, California
Spaulding (formerly Spalding Tract and Spaulding Tract) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Lassen County, California. It is located on the west side of Eagle Lake, 2.1 miles (3.4 km) east-northeast of Whaleback Mountain and 3 miles (4.8 km) northeast of Eagle Lodge, at an elevation of 5138 feet (1566 m). Its population is 206 as of the 2020 census, up from 178 from the 2010 census.

In 1914, John S. Spalding laid out the town. The place was subdivided in 1924.
Museo MAGA
The Museo Arte Gallarate or MAGA is a museum of modern and contemporary art in Gallarate, in the province of Varese in Lombardy, in northern Italy. It was founded in 1966 as the Civica Galleria d'Arte Moderna di Gallarate to house works purchased from, and donated by, artists participating in the Premio Gallarate, a national art competition. It was renamed in 2010 and moved to a new building. The museum holds over 5000 works, and the collection includes paintings, drawings, sculptures, graphic design works, photographs, and installations by artists including Carlo Carrà, Loris Cecchini, Gianni Colombo, Lucio Fontana, Ennio Morlotti, Bruno Munari and Studio Azzurro.: 52  Between 2015 and 2017 Museo MAGA had a second venue in the Palazzo Leone Da Perego, in Legnano, some 15 km to the south-east of Gallarate.

Gianni Colombo
Gianni Colombo (Milan, 1933 – Melzo, 3 February 1993) was an Italian artist, member of the kinetic art movement.

In the 1960s, Colombo attended Accademia di Brera in Milan, where he met Davide Boriani, Gabriele De Vecchi, Giovanni Anceschi and Grazia Varisco. Together they formed "Gruppo T", a collective of artists interested in investigating the relationship between images and movement and the participatory element of art through kinetic forms.

Through his work Colombo dealt mainly with the perception of space, creating architectural environments and using a variety of supports including mechanical ones. He was awarded the Grand Prize of the Venice Biennale of 1968 with one of its most famous works, elastic space.

In 1985, he became director of Accademia di Brera, where he also taught. In 1986, Colombo expanded his activities to theatre (he was a set designer for the Operstheater in Frankfurt) and architecture.
Lydia Moshodi
Moji Lydia Moshodi (born 18 April 1971) is a South African politician from the Free State. A member of the African National Congress (ANC), she has represented the Free State in the National Council of Provinces since 2016. She previously held her seat from 2009 to 2014. Since 2019, she has co-chaired Parliament's Joint Committee on Ethics and Members' Interests.

Free State (province)
The Free State is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Bloemfontein, which is also South Africa's judicial capital. Its historical origins lie in the Boer republic called the Orange Free State and later the Orange Free State Province.
Kerstin Lundgren
Kerstin Margareta Lundgren (born 14 January 1955) is a Swedish Centre Party politician. She has been a member of the Riksdag since 2002, taking up seat number 2 for Stockholm County's constituency. Since the September 24, 2018, Speaker of the Riksdag election, Lundgren was elected as third deputy speaker and serving as the current Third Deputy Speaker of the Riksdag. She is also a member of the AWEPA Governing Council.

Speaker of the Riksdag
The speaker of the Riksdag (Swedish: Riksdagens talman) is the presiding officer of the national unicameral legislature in Sweden.

The Riksdag underwent profound changes in 1867, when the medieval Riksdag of the Estates was abolished. The new form of the Riksdag included two elected chambers, each with its own speaker. Since the de facto introduction of parliamentarism in 1917, the Riksdag has properly functioned as the institution to which the prime minister and the government are held accountable. In 1971 the institution was transformed into a unicameral legislature with 350 members, reduced to 349 in 1976 to avoid parliamentary deadlocks. Since 1975, in accordance with the Instrument of Government of 1974, it is the speaker and no longer the monarch who appoints and dismisses the prime minister.

The current speaker is Andreas Norlén, who has held the gavel since September 2018.
First Tee
First Tee is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization with the stated goal of improving children's life skills through golf lessons. Based in Ponta Vedra Beach, Florida, the organization claims to teach more than 3.6 million youth annually through programs across the country and internationally.

PGA Tour commissioner Jay Monahan serves as chairman of the board of governors, which is composed of business leaders. Former President George W. Bush serves as the honorary chair; he succeeded his father, former President George H. W. Bush, who served from 1997 to 2010.

Jay Monahan
Joseph William "Jay" Monahan IV (born May 7, 1970) is the fourth and current commissioner of golf's PGA Tour. He ascended to this position in January 2017. Monahan previously served as executive director of The Players Championship.

Succeeding Tim Finchem (who was the PGA Tour's third commissioner from 1994 to 2017), Monahan's tenure as commissioner is considered controversial, due (among other factors) to the fact that he did business with the Public Investment Fund (or the PIF), the Saudi Arabian investment fund and owners of LIV Golf (the rival golf organization of the PGA Tour). The fund is accused of "sportswashing" to divert the focus from the crimes committed by the regime led by Mohammed bin Salman (the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia), who became the target of criticism from both PGA Tour players and the families of the 9/11 victims.
Bruchhausen-Vilsen (Samtgemeinde)
Bruchhausen-Vilsen is a Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Diepholz, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Its seat is in Bruchhausen-Vilsen.

The Samtgemeinde Bruchhausen-Vilsen consists of the following municipalities:

Asendorf

Bruchhausen-Vilsen

Martfeld

Schwarme

52°49′59″N 9°00′00″E﻿ / ﻿52.833°N 9.000°E﻿ / 52.833; 9.000

Diepholz (district)
Diepholz (German pronunciation: [ˈdiːphɔlts]) is a district in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the northeast and clockwise) the districts of Verden, Nienburg, Minden-Lübbecke (in North Rhine-Westphalia), Osnabrück, Vechta and Oldenburg, and by the cities of Delmenhorst and Bremen. The most populous municipality is Stuhr at the border to Bremen.
2017 Daytona 500
The 2017 Daytona 500, the 59th running of the event, was held on February 26, 2017, and was won by Kurt Busch of Stewart–Haas Racing after Chase Elliott and Kyle Larson ran out of fuel over the final laps of the race. This was Busch's first Daytona 500 win, and his first career win on a restrictor plate track. Ryan Blaney finished second, and A. J. Allmendinger finished third. This race was contested for 200 laps on the 2.5-mile (4.0 km) asphalt superspeedway. It was the first race of the 2017 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season, and also marked the first race for Monster Energy as the new title sponsor for NASCAR's top series, replacing Sprint.

Jamie McMurray
James Christopher McMurray (born June 3, 1976), nicknamed "Jamie Mac", is an American former professional stock car racing driver and currently an analyst for Fox NASCAR and NASCAR on The CW. He raced in the NASCAR Cup Series on a full-time basis from 2003 to 2018 before shifting to a Daytona 500-only schedule in 2019 and 2021.

McMurray earned his first win in just his second career start in October 2002. He is also known for winning the 2010 Daytona 500 for Chip Ganassi Racing, and is one of only three drivers to win both the Daytona 500 and Brickyard 400 in the same year.
Devil's Game (book)
Devil's Game: How the United States Helped Unleash Fundamentalist Islam is a 2006 book by Robert Dreyfuss, an American investigative journalist. It discusses how Western governments supported the growth of Islamic fundamentalism for several purposes.

Islamic fundamentalism
Islamic fundamentalism has been defined as a revivalist and reform movement of Muslims who aim to return to the founding scriptures of Islam. The term has been used interchangeably with similar terms such as Islamism, Islamic revivalism, Qutbism, Islamic activism, and has been criticized as pejorative.

Some of the beliefs attributed to Islamic fundamentalists are that the primary sources of Islam (the Quran, Hadith, and Sunnah), should be interpreted in a literal and originalist way; that corrupting non-Islamic influences should be eliminated from every part of Muslims' lives; and that the societies, economies, and governance of Muslim-majority countries should return to the fundamentals of Islam, the system of Islam, and become  Islamic states.
Recursive language
In mathematics, logic and computer science, a recursive (or decidable) language is a recursive subset of the Kleene closure of an alphabet. Equivalently, a formal language is recursive if there exists a Turing machine that decides the formal language. In theoretical computer science, such always-halting Turing machines are called total Turing machines or algorithms.

The concept of decidability may be extended to other models of computation. For example, one may speak of languages decidable on a non-deterministic Turing machine.  Therefore, whenever an ambiguity is possible, the synonym used for "recursive language" is Turing-decidable language, rather than simply decidable.

The class of all recursive languages is often called R, although this name is also used for the class RP.

This type of language was not defined in the Chomsky hierarchy. All recursive languages are also recursively enumerable. All regular, context-free and context-sensitive languages are recursive.

Nondeterministic Turing machine
In theoretical computer science, a nondeterministic Turing machine (NTM) is a theoretical model of computation whose governing rules specify more than one possible action when in some given situations. That is, an NTM's next state is not completely determined by its action and the current symbol it sees, unlike a deterministic Turing machine.

NTMs are sometimes used in thought experiments to examine the abilities and limits of computers. One of the most important open problems in theoretical computer science is the P versus NP problem, which (among other equivalent formulations) concerns the question of how difficult it is to simulate nondeterministic computation with a deterministic computer.
Memphis Municipal Airport
Memphis Municipal Airport (FAA LID: F21) is a city-owned public use airport located one nautical mile (1.85 km) northeast of the central business district of Memphis, a city in Hall County, Texas, United States.

Hall County, Texas
Hall County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, the population is 2,825. Its county seat is Memphis. The county was created in 1876 and later organized in 1890. It is named for Warren D. C. Hall, a secretary of war for the Republic of Texas.
Tiffany Steuber
Tiffany Steuber (born July 17, 1977, in Grande Prairie, Alberta as Tiffany McKeeman) is a Canadian curler from Parkland County.

Steuber's first World Curling Tour event came in 2008 at the Red Deer Curling Classic. Steuber skipped her own team that season before moving to play third for Karallee Swabb in 2009. She would only play in one event that season before forming her own team again in 2010.

Steuber won her first Tour event at the 2012 Spruce Grove Cashspiel over Holly Whyte. After skipping for three seasons, Steuber dissolved her team and joined with Kaufman in 2013. As a member of the Kaufman rink, Steuber won the 2013 Avonair Cash Spiel.

Steuber participated in her first national championship in 2024, skipping the Alberta team at the 2024 Canadian Curling Club Championships.

Grande Prairie
Grande Prairie is a city in northwestern Alberta, Canada, within the southern portion of an area known as Peace River Country. It is located at the intersection of Highway 43 (part of the CANAMEX Corridor) and Highway 40 (the Bighorn Highway), approximately 456 kilometres (283 mi) northwest of the provincial capital, Edmonton. The city is surrounded by the County of Grande Prairie No. 1.

Grande Prairie was the seventh-largest city in Alberta in 2016, with a population of 63,166, and was one of Canada's fastest growing cities between 2001 and 2006, and Canada's northernmost city with more than 50,000 people.

The city has adopted the trumpeter swan as its official symbol due to its proximity to the bird's migration route and its summer nesting grounds. For that reason, Grande Prairie is sometimes nicknamed the Swan City. The dinosaur has also emerged as an unofficial symbol of the city due to paleontological discoveries in the areas north and west of Grande Prairie.
Statue of Menelik II
The Statue of Menelik II is an equestrian statue located near St. George's Cathedral in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The statue was erected by Empress Zewditu in 1930 in coincidence of coronation of Ras Tafari, later reigned as Emperor Haile Selassie. The monument depicts Emperor Menelik II sitting in the horse, holding flag of Ethiopia and his sword, symbolizing his ultimate patriotism and grace during the Battle of Adwa (1896). It was sculpted by the German architect Carl Haertel.

Emperor of Ethiopia
The emperor of Ethiopia (Ge'ez: ንጉሠ ነገሥት, romanized: nəgusä nägäst, "King of Kings"), also known as the Atse (Amharic: ዐፄ, "emperor"), was the hereditary ruler of the Ethiopian Empire, from at least the 13th century until the abolition of the monarchy in 1975. The emperor was the head of state and head of government, with ultimate executive, judicial and legislative power in that country. A National Geographic article from 1965 called Imperial Ethiopia "nominally a constitutional monarchy; in fact it was a benevolent autocracy".