hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Union wage premium
The union wage premium refers to the degree to which wages for union members exceed those for otherwise similar non-unionized workers. Union wage premiums are one of the most researched and analyzed issues in labor economics. The modern scholarly consensus is that unions tend to be associated with higher wages, greater levels of benefits like health care and paid time off, and improved workplace protections.

Labour economics
Labour economics is the subfield of economics concerned with the study of labour as an input to economic production. Broadly, it surveys labor markets and the economic decisions of agents participating in such markets. Topics of study include the labour supply of workers and how it is affected by variables such as age, education, gender and childbearing, as well as the labour demand by firms searching for different forms of labour as an input in the production of goods and services. In addition, labour economics studies, amongst others, phenomena such as schooling, human capital, inequality, unemployment, trade unions, discrimination, technological change, and public policies related to labour markets, such as unemployment benefits, pensions and health care.
Kouga Local Municipality
Kouga Municipality (Afrikaans: Kouga Munisipaliteit; Xhosa: uMasipala wase Kouga) is a local municipality in the Eastern Cape of South Africa, approximately 80 km west of Gqebera. It forms part of the Sarah Baartman District Municipality. Its territory includes the coastal zone between the Van Stadens River in the east and the Tsitsikamma River in the west, and stretches inland towards the Baviaanskloof Mountains in the north.

Regional access to the area is obtained via the N2 National Route from Gqebera to Cape Town. It is often regarded as the cleanest municipality in the Eastern Cape.

Local municipality (South Africa)
In South Africa, a local municipality (Tswana: mmasepalaselegae; Sotho: masepala wa lehae; Northern Sotho: mmasepala wa selegae; Afrikaans: plaaslike munisipaliteit; Zulu: umasipala wendawo; Southern Ndebele: umasipaladi wendawo; Xhosa: umasipala wengingqi; Swazi: masipaladi wasekhaya; Venda: masipalawapo; Tsonga: masipala wa muganga) or Category B municipality is a type of municipality that serves as the third, and most local, tier of local government. Each district municipality is divided into a number of local municipalities, and responsibility for municipal affairs is divided between the district and local municipalities. There are 205 local municipalities in South Africa.

A local municipality may include rural areas as well as one or more towns or small cities. In larger urban areas there are no district or local municipalities, and a metropolitan municipality is responsible for all municipal affairs.
Loopz
Loopz is a puzzle video game designed and programmed by Ian Upton for the Atari ST in 1989. He previously worked as head game designer for Audiogenic, who acquired exclusive rights to the game, then in 1990 arranged for Mindscape to publish it for computers in North America and consoles worldwide.

The Nintendo Entertainment System version (programmed by Bits Studios) and the Game Boy version (programmed by Argonaut Software) were released in 1990. Audiogenic published versions of the original game for the Acorn Archimedes, Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, ZX Spectrum, Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64, Atari ST, Amiga, and IBM PC in 1990 and 1991.

Bits Studios
Bits Studios was a British video game developer. The company has had over 30 titles published over the United States, Europe and Asia on multiple platforms. Bits Studios' parent company, PlayWize, sold off all assets and technologies held by the group in 2008, due to poor trading results. As a result, the company no longer has any trading operations.
Tsuman
Tsuman (Ukrainian: Цумань; Polish: Cumań) is a rural settlement in Lutsk Raion, Volyn Oblast, western Ukraine. It is located on the left bank of the Putylivka in the drainage basin of the Pripyat. Population: 6,579 (2022 estimate).

Volyn Oblast
Volyn Oblast (Ukrainian: Волинська область, romanized: Volynska oblast) or simply Volyn (Ukrainian: Волинь), is an oblast (province) in northwestern Ukraine. It borders Rivne Oblast to the east, Lviv Oblast to the south, Poland to the west and Belarus to the north. Its administrative centre is Lutsk. Kovel is the westernmost town and the last station in Ukraine on the rail line running from Kyiv to Warsaw. The population is 1,021,356 (2022 estimate).
Game design
Game design is the process of creating and shaping the mechanics, systems, rules, and gameplay of a game. Game design processes apply to board games, card games, dice games, casino games, role-playing games, sports, war games, or simulation games.

In Elements of Game Design, game designer Robert Zubek defines game design by breaking it down into three elements:

Game mechanics and systems, which are the rules and objects in the game.

Gameplay, which is the interaction between the player and the mechanics and systems. In Chris Crawford on Game Design, the author summarizes gameplay as "what the player does".

Player experience, which is how users feel when they are playing the game.

In academic research, game design falls within the field of game studies (not to be confused with game theory, which studies strategic decision making, primarily in non-game situations).

Computer wargame
A computer wargame is a wargame played on a digital device. Descended from board wargaming, it simulates military conflict at the tactical, operational or strategic level. Computer wargames are both sold commercially for recreational use and, in some cases, used for military purposes.
Tim Easterby
Tim Easterby (born 13 September 1961) is a British racehorse trainer based in North Yorkshire.

Easterby took over the Habton Grange stables in North Yorkshire from his father, Peter Easterby, in February 1996.  He has trained a Classic winner, Bollin Eric, in the 2002 St Leger Stakes at Doncaster and had Group 1 wins with Pipalong, Fayr Jag,  Somnus, Winter Power and Art Power.

His father trained Sea Pigeon, the dual Champion Hurdle winner, who also landed two Chester Cups and, at the age of nine, defied top-weight of 10 st to win the 1979 Ebor Handicap at York. Peter Easterby also trained Night Nurse, who was successful in the Champion Hurdle on two occasions and in 1981 was narrowly denied a Cheltenham Gold Cup triumph by Little Owl, also trained by Peter Easterby.

Tim's uncle Mick Easterby is also a racehorse trainer.

St Leger Stakes
The St Leger Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at Doncaster over a distance of 1 mile, 6 furlongs and 115 yards (2,921 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September.

Established in 1776, the St Leger is the oldest of Britain's five Classic races. It is the last of the five to be run each year, and its distance is longer than any of the other four.

The St Leger is the final leg of the English Triple Crown, which begins with the 2000 Guineas and continues with the Derby. It also completes the Fillies Triple Crown, following on from the 1000 Guineas and The Oaks. The St Leger has rarely featured Triple Crown contenders in recent decades, with the only one in recent years being the 2012 2,000 Guineas and Derby winner Camelot, who finished second in the St Leger.
Arirang Fantasy
"Arirang Fantasy" (Korean: «아리랑 환상곡»), originally titled "Arirang" (Korean: «아리랑»), is a 1976 modern classical composition for orchestra by the North Korean composer Choi Sung-hwan, who died in 1981. It based on the Korean folk song "Arirang", specifically the "Bonjo Arirang" arrangement, which is the most popular and well-known of all the "Arirang" variations, thanks to its popularization in the 1926 film Arirang.

Arirang (1926 film)
Arirang (Korean: 아리랑) is a 1926 Korean silent film directed by Na Woon-gyu, who is also one of the main cast. It is regarded as one of the most influential films in Korean cinema history, as well as the first Korean nationalist film and a critique of the Japanese rule of Korea. It is named after the traditional song "Arirang," which audiences were said to sing at the conclusion of the film. Arirang is considered a lost film, but a written record of the plot still exists.
The Wedding (1901 play)
The Wedding (Polish: Wesele) is a leading Polish drama written in 1901 by the modernist Young Poland playwright, painter, and poet Stanisław Wyspiański. The play limns the vicissitudes of Polish aspirations for national self-determination in the aftermath of two disastrous uprisings against one of Poland's three partitioning powers, the Russian Empire, which began in November 1830 and January 1863.

The play's action takes place at the wedding of a member of the Kraków intelligentsia (the Bridegroom) and his peasant Bride. Their crossclass union follows a then fashionable trend of chłopomania ("peasant-mania") among some Polish intelligentsia, who were often scions of the historic Polish szlachta (nobility).

Wyspiański's play was inspired by a real-life event: the wedding of the poet and playwright Lucjan Rydel at St. Mary's Basilica in Kraków, followed by their wedding reception at the village of Bronowice, now a district of Kraków.

Wedding
A wedding is a ceremony in which two people are united in marriage. Wedding traditions and customs vary greatly between cultures, ethnicities, races, religions, denominations, countries, social classes, and sexual orientations. Most wedding ceremonies involve an exchange of marriage vows by a couple; a presentation of a gift (e.g., an offering, rings, a symbolic item, flowers, money, or a dress); and a public proclamation of marriage by an authority figure or celebrant. Special wedding garments are often worn, and the ceremony is sometimes followed by a wedding reception. Music, poetry, prayers, or readings from religious texts or literature are also commonly incorporated into the ceremony, as well as superstitious customs.
Kin Kin Sawmill
Kin Kin Sawmill is a heritage-listed sawmill at 1 Sister Tree Creek Road, Kin Kin, Shire of Noosa, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1940s. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 27 November 2008.

Shed
A shed is typically a simple, single-storey (though some sheds may have two or more stories and or a loft) roofed structure, often used for storage, for hobbies, or as a workshop, and typically serving as outbuilding, such as in a back garden or on an allotment. Sheds vary considerably in their size and complexity of construction, from simple open-sided ones designed to cover bicycles or garden items to large wood-framed structures with shingled roofs, windows, and electrical outlets. Sheds used on farms or in the industry can be large structures. The main types of shed construction are metal sheathing over a metal frame, plastic sheathing and frame, all-wood construction (the roof may be asphalt shingled or sheathed in tin), and vinyl-sided sheds built over a wooden frame. Small sheds may include a wooden or plastic floor, while more permanent ones may be built on a concrete pad or foundation. Sheds may be lockable to deter theft or entry by children, domestic animals, wildlife, etc.
Levidis family
The House of Levidis (Greek: Λεβίδης) is a Greek aristocratic family with roots from the Byzantine Empire, hailing from Constantinople and with a distinguished role in the history of the Ottoman Empire, the Russian Empire, Wallachia, Egypt and Greece.

Alexander Ypsilantis
Alexandros Ypsilantis (12 December 1792 – 31 January 1828) was a Greek nationalist politician who was member of a prominent Phanariot Greek family, a prince of the Danubian Principalities, a senior officer of the Imperial Russian cavalry during the Napoleonic Wars, and a leader of the Filiki Etaireia, a secret organization that coordinated the beginning of the Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire.
MESS (festival)
The MESS International Theatre Festival (MESS) is a theatre festival that takes place annually in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the oldest living theatre festival in the Balkans, programming international experimental performances and emerging artists. MESS was the premier experimental theatre festival in the Former Yugoslavia and was named one of Living Theatre's international showcases in 1974. It survived the Siege of Sarajevo, during which it hosted directors such as Susan Sontag and Peter Schumann. It organized the first edition of the Sarajevo Film Festival in 1993 and still acts as a collective board member today. Today it is the largest theatre festival in Bosnia and Herzegovina and one of the most renowned in Europe. In 2009 it expanded its activities to the city of Zenica, which now hosts parts of the regional program.

Frank Castorf
Frank Castorf (born 17 July 1951 in East Berlin) is a German theater director and was the artistic director of the Volksbühne am Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz from 1992 to 2015. His work is often associated with postdramatic theatre.
Faust House (Helena-West Helena, Arkansas)
The Faust House is a historic house at 114 Richmond Hill in West Helena, Arkansas.  It is a single-story wood-frame structure, finished in brick.   It has porch extending across its entire front facade, supported by brick columns and spandrels, and topped by a ceramic tile roof.  The house is locally significant as one of the finest Spanish Mission style houses in West Helena.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

West Helena, Arkansas
West Helena is the western portion of Helena-West Helena, Arkansas, a city in Phillips County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2000 census, this portion of the city population was 8,689.

Historically, West Helena and its sister city Helena, located on the Mississippi River, have been two of the focal points in the history of the development of the blues. The cities consolidated on January 1, 2006. Helena is the birthplace of Arkansas' former senior United States senator, Blanche Lincoln.
Gravel Hill Plantation (Hampton, South Carolina)
Gravel Hill Plantation is a historic hunting plantation complex located at Garnett, Hampton County, South Carolina. It was built in 1910, and is the 20-acre core of a large hunting plantation that includes eleven historic buildings; nine of them were designed and built by the owner, Robert Palmer Huntington. The complex includes three residential buildings, a kitchen and dining facility, ice house, stables and ancillary service buildings. Also on the property are a corn crib and a tenant's house.  It is a rare example of the Adirondack or Rustic Style in South Carolina.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.

Rustic architecture
Rustic architecture is a style of architecture in the United States used in rural government and private structures and their landscape interior design. It was influenced by the American Craftsman style.

According to the National Park Service, “The style of architecture which has been most widely used in our forested National Parks, and other wilderness parks, is generally referred to as "rustic.” It is, or should be, something more than the worn and misused term implies. It is earnestly hoped that a more apt and expressive designation for the style may evolve, but until it appears, "rustic," in spite of its inaccuracy and inadequacy, must be resorted to...."

Rustic Architecture related to national parks is sometimes referred to as Parkitecture.
Songs to No One 1991–1992
Songs to No One 1991–1992 is an album of material from studio sessions, home tapes, and club performances recorded during the collaboration between Jeff Buckley and Gary Lucas.

The album is the result of an eight-month musical partnership between the duo, beginning in August 1991 and ending in April 1992. It serves as a musical archive of both artists’ aesthetic developments, before Buckley's solo career began after his 1994 debut release, Grace.

St. Ann & the Holy Trinity Church
St. Ann & the Holy Trinity Church is a historic Episcopal church at the northwest corner of Montague and Clinton Streets in the Brooklyn Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn in New York City. It is the co-cathedral of the Episcopal Diocese of Long Island.
Wakeman River
The Wakeman River is a river in the western Pacific Ranges on the Central Coast region of British Columbia, Canada, flowing south into Wakeman Sound, which is a sidewater of Kingcome Inlet.

Alalco Indian Reserve No. 8 is at the mouth of the river, on its west shore. To its south, on the shore of Wakeman Sound, is Dug-da-myse Indian Reserve No. 12, and to the south of that is another Indian reserve, Kyidagwis Indian Reserve No. 2.

British Columbia Coast
The British Columbia Coast, popularly referred to as the BC Coast or simply the Coast, is a geographic region of the Canadian province of British Columbia. As the entire western continental coastline of Canada along the Pacific Ocean is in the province, it is synonymous with being the West Coast of Canada.

While the exact boundaries are variously defined, the region is generally defined to include the 15 regional districts that have coastline along the Pacific Ocean or Salish Sea, or are part of the Lower Mainland, a subregion of the British Columbia Coast. Other boundaries may exclude parts of or even entire regional districts, such as those of the aforementioned Lower Mainland.
Shajapur district
Shajapur district (Hindi pronunciation: [ʃaːd͡ʒaːpʊɾ]) is a district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, located in central India. The town of Shajapur serves as the district headquarters. The district is part of the Ujjain Division.

Central India
Central India refers to a geographical region of India that generally includes the states of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh.

The Central Zonal Council, established by the Government of India, includes these states as well as Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand to the north. The inclusion of Uttarakhand extends the region to the Himalayan border with Tibet/China.
Marie-Alphonsine Danil Ghattas
Marie-Alphonsine Danil Ghattas, OP (4 October 1843 – 25 March 1927) was a Palestinian Catholic nun who founded the Dominican Sisters of the Most Holy Rosary of Jerusalem (the Rosary Sisters), the first Palestinian religious congregation. She was beatified by Archbishop Angelo Amato on behalf of Pope Benedict XVI in 2009. On 6 December 2014, Pope Francis recognized a miracle that had been attributed to her intercession, a requirement for her canonization. The date of her canonization was announced on 14 February 2015, and she was canonized on 17 May 2015.

Sisters of St. Joseph of the Apparition
The Sisters of Saint Joseph of the Apparition  (French: Sœurs de Saint-Joseph-de-l'Apparition; Latin: Institutum Sororum a S. Joseph ab Apparitione; abbreviation: S.J.A.) is a religious institute of pontifical right whose members profess public vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience and follow the evangelical way of life in common.
The Way Some People Live
The Way Some People Live is a collection of 30 works of short fiction by John Cheever, published in 1943 by Random House.

The stories in this edition, represents most of Cheever's literary output written in his twenties. While Cheever resisted reissuing these works in a collection, a number of the stories whose copyrights have elapsed were issued by Academy Chicago Publishers in Fall River and Other Collection Stories (1994).

Blake Bailey
Blake Bailey (born July 1, 1963) is an American writer  and educator. Bailey is known for his literary biographies of Richard Yates, John Cheever, Charles Jackson, and Philip Roth. He is the editor of the Library of America omnibus editions of Cheever's stories and novels.
Bottleneck Peak
Bottleneck Peak is a natural monolith located on the eastern side of Sids Mountain in the Utah San Rafael Swell wilderness area. It is situated 2.1 miles (3.4 km) northwest of Window Blind Peak. Precipitation runoff from this feature drains north into the San Rafael River.

San Rafael River
The San Rafael River is a tributary of the Green River, approximately 90 miles (140 km) long, in east central Utah, United States. The river flows across a sparsely populated arid region of the Colorado Plateau, and is known for the isolated, scenic gorge through which it flows.
Barry Goldstein
Barry Goldstein (c. 1952, New York - 15 July 2022) was an American-born Australian geologist, civil servant, and regulator who served as the Executive Director of Energy Resources for Southern Australia's Primary Industries and Regions department for 20 years. Former employers include Phillips Petroleum, Kuwait Foreign Petroleum Exploration Corporation, and Santos Limited.

Regulatory agency
A regulatory agency (regulatory body, regulator) or independent agency (independent regulatory agency) is a government authority that is responsible for exercising autonomous jurisdiction over some area of human activity in a licensing and regulating capacity. Examples of responsibilities include strengthening safety and standards, and/or to protect consumers in markets where there is a lack of effective competition. Examples of regulatory agencies that enforce standards include the Food and Drug Administration in the United States and the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency in the United Kingdom; and, in the case of economic regulation, the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets and the Telecom Regulatory Authority in India.
Mr. Zhou Live Show
Mr. Zhou Live Show (Chinese: 壹周立波秀) is a Chinese television live talk show hosted by stand-up comedian Zhou Libo. It was originally broadcast by Phoenix Television and Dragon Television in 2010 and by Zhejiang Television after 2012.

Like his stand-up, Zhou does not have scripts or notes, creating his own material through improvisation. The show also includes guest interviews and Zhou dropped his Shanghai dialect to have a more accessible audience.

Dragon Television
Shanghai Dragon Television or Dragon TV (Chinese: 东方卫视; pinyin: Dōngfāng Wèishì; lit. 'Eastern satellite channel'), commonly nicknamed the Tomato Channel (蕃茄台) based on its logo, is a provincial satellite TV station. It launched in October 1998 as "Shanghai Television" but changed its name to Dragon Television on October 23, 2003. Currently, Dragon TV's signal covers most of Mainland China and worldwide. From September 28, 2009, the channel used standard high-definition broadcast.
Daniel I. Axelrod
Daniel Isaac Axelrod (July 16, 1910 – June 2, 1998) was an American paleoecologist specializing in Tertiary Cordilleran floras, in particular correlating fossil evidence of specific floras with climate change indicators.

Paleoecology
Paleoecology (also spelled palaeoecology) is the study of interactions between organisms and/or interactions between organisms and their environments across geologic timescales. As a discipline, paleoecology interacts with, depends on and informs a variety of fields including paleontology, ecology, climatology and biology.

Paleoecology emerged from the field of paleontology in the 1950s, though paleontologists have conducted paleoecological studies since the creation of paleontology in the 1700s and 1800s. Combining the investigative approach of searching for fossils with the theoretical approach of Charles Darwin and Alexander von Humboldt, paleoecology began as paleontologists began examining both the ancient organisms they discovered and the reconstructed environments in which they lived. Visual depictions of past marine and terrestrial communities have been considered an early form of paleoecology. The term "paleo-ecology" was coined by Frederic Clements in 1916.