hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mark Norman (banker)
Mark Richard Norman CBE (3 April 1910 – 6 December 1994) was an English banker from the Norman family. He was a managing director of Lazard Brothers, the merchant bankers from 1960 to 1975 and chairman of Gallaher, the cigarette manufacturers.

Norman combined his respective careers in the City and industry with a prominent role in the affairs of the National Trust — an interest he inherited from his father, Ronald Collet Norman. Norman took over as deputy chairman of the Trust in 1977. Faced with rising maintenance costs and a rapid expansion of the property portfolio, he guarded short-term solvency while keeping a clear eye on long-term liabilities.

Lazard
Lazard Inc. (formerly known as Lazard Ltd and Lazard Frères & Co.) is an American financial advisory and asset management firm that engages in investment banking, asset management and other financial services, primarily with institutional clients. It is the world's largest independent investment bank, with principal executive offices in New York City, Paris and London.

Lazard was founded in 1848 and operates from 41 cities across 26 countries in North America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and Central and South America. The firm provides advice on mergers and acquisitions, strategic matters, restructuring and capital structure, capital raising and corporate finance, as well as asset management services to corporations, partnerships, institutions, governments and individuals.
Va, dal furor portata
"Va, dal furor portata", K. 21 / K6 19c, is an early concert aria in C major for tenor and orchestra by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. It was written 1765 in London during the Mozart family grand tour around Europe when Mozart was nine years old. The words are from Metastasio's Ezio, act 2, scene 4, by the character Massimo.

Pietro Metastasio
Pietro Antonio Domenico Trapassi (3 January 1698 – 12 April 1782), better known by his pseudonym of Pietro Metastasio (Italian pronunciation: [ˈpjɛːtro metaˈstaːzjo]), was an Italian poet and librettist, considered the most important writer of opera seria libretti.
Copa América Centenario Group D
Group D of the Copa América Centenario consisted of Argentina, defending champions Chile, Panama, and Bolivia. Matches began on June 6 and ended on June 14, 2016. All times are EDT (UTC−4).

Argentina and Chile advanced to the quarter-finals.

2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)
The South American section of the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification acted as qualifiers for the 2018 FIFA World Cup held in Russia, for national teams which are members of the South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL). A total of 4.5 slots (4 direct slots and 1 inter-confederation play-off slot) in the final tournament were available for CONMEBOL teams.

Two-time defending Copa América champions Chile did not qualify for 2018 FIFA World Cup after a 3–0 loss to Brazil on the final day of qualifying campaign, resulting in a sixth-place finish. As a result, following intercontinental play-offs against the record five-time OFC Nations Cup champions New Zealand, Peru qualified for the World Cup for the first time since 1982.
Astaga.com
Astaga.com is an Indonesian focused internet brand that was founded in 2000 as part of the Indonesian internet investment company Indonesia Online. The site offers local news content, a search engine, and e-commerce facilities. After investing US $7 million, it was sold to South African-based Media conglomerate, M-Web in 2001 for an undisclosed sum. It grew over the years and peaked in 2004 with over 300 employees and Indonesia wide presence. In late 2004 M-Web decided to exit Indonesia and sold the operating assets of Astaga.com and Kafegaul.com to a consortium of foreign and Indonesian investors. In 2012 Astaga.com was purchased by an international investment company run by Phil Rickard and Sandy Gunawan. As of late 2013, Astaga.com was in beta launch.

Internet branding
Internet branding (also referred to as online branding) is a brand management technique that uses the World Wide Web & Social Media Channels as a medium for positioning a brand in the marketplace. Branding is increasingly important with the advancements of the internet. Most businesses are exploring various online channels, which include search engine, social media, online press releases, online marketplace, to establish strong relationships with consumers and to build their brands awareness.
Papa and Nicole
"Papa" and "Nicole" were fictional characters created to advertise the Renault Clio in the United Kingdom between 1991 and 1998. The "Papa!" "Nicole" and "Nicole!" "Papa" verbal exchanges between Nicole and her father during the advertisements were adapted from an exchange between Nicole Bonnet and her father (played by Audrey Hepburn and Hugh Griffith respectively) in the film How to Steal a Million from 1966.

Surveys by Channel 4 and ITV revealed the series as the most popular car advertisements ever aired in Britain. In 1996, one survey found that Nicole was recognised by more Britons than Prime Minister John Major, Bob Hoskins or Chris Evans. Renault was found to be the most persuasive advertiser in five European countries in 1994. The advert was designed by the Publicis advertising agency.

Publicis
Publicis Groupe S.A. is a French multinational advertising and public relations company. As of 2024, the company is the largest advertising company in the world by revenue. Based in Paris, it is one of the 'Big Three' advertising companies, alongside WPP and Omnicom. Publicis Groupe S.A. is headed by Arthur Sadoun, and its agencies provide digital and traditional advertising, media services and marketing services  to national and multinational clients.
Surp Nerses Shnorhali Cathedral, Montevideo
Surp Nerses Shnorhali Cathedral (Spanish: Iglesia Apostólica Armenia San Nerses Shnorhali; Armenian: Սուրբ Ներսէս Շնորհալի եկեղեցի) is an Armenian Apostolic church in the neighbourhood of Bella Vista, Montevideo, Uruguay.

This temple, dedicated to the Catholicos saint Nerses Shnorhali, is the prelacy of the Uruguayan Diocese of the Armenian Holy Apostolic Church. Its current head is Archbishop Hakob Glnjian.

The church is part of a bigger ensemble of buildings that house Armenian-Uruguayan institutions. There is a memorial to the Armenian genocide, with a sculpture by Nerses Ounanian.

Nerses Ounanian
Nerses Ounanian (Armenian: Ներսէս Ունանեան) (1 August 1924 in Samos – 18 December 1957 in Montevideo) was a Uruguayan artist of Armenian descent.

He was a pupil of Antonio Pena and Edmundo Prati. His most representative work is a memorial to the Armenian Genocide in the Bella Vista neighbourhood of Montevideo, where also a street bears his name.
Umm Ramool
Umm Ramool (Arabic: أم رمول) is a locality in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is located in Deira in eastern Dubai and is bordered to the north by Dubai International Airport, to the east by Nad Shamma, to the west by Al Garhoud and to the south by Ras Al Khor.  Umm Ramool is a residential and commercial community.

Umm Ramool is one of the oldest industrial areas in Dubai. The area was connected to the Dubai Metro Red Line with the opening of the Emirates Station on 30 April 2010. The station is connected to the Emirates Office Building.

Red Line (Dubai Metro)
The Red Line is currently one of two lines of the Dubai Metro network in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It runs from Centrepoint (formerly Rashidiya) in the east to Expo 2020 in the west and travels parallel to Sheikh Zayed Road for most of its length.

There are two interchange stations with the Green Line: Union and BurJuman. Additionally, Jabal Ali is an interchange between the main Red Line (Route 2020) to Expo 2020 and the branch line to Life Pharmacy. The Red Line has its main depot near Centrepoint and an auxiliary depot at Life Pharmacy.

Additionally, DMCC and Sobha Realty have connections to the Dubai Tram at Jumeirah Lake Towers and Dubai Marina stations respectively.
José Oyarzabal (French rower)
José Oyarzabal (born 13 February 1970) is a French international rower.

He won a silver medal in eights at the 1988 World Junior Rowing Championships, a silver medal in coxless fours at the 1990 World Rowing Championships, a silver medal in eights at the 1990 World Rowing Championships, and a bronze medal in coxless fours at the 1992 World Rowing Championships.

World Rowing U19 Championships
The World Rowing U19 Championships, former name World Rowing Junior Championships is an international rowing regatta organized by FISA (the International Rowing Federation).  A rower or coxswain shall be classified as a Junior until 31 December of the year in which he reaches the age of 18. After that date, he shall be classified as an Under 23 rower. During Olympic years it is held at the same location as the Senior World Rowing Championships.

The first FISA Youth Regatta was held in 1967 and has been held every year since then, being raised to the status of FISA Junior Champs in 1970 and Junior World Champs in 1985.

Many European countries send athletes not up to the standard for World Championships to the Coupe de la Jeunesse.
Zophorame hirsti
Zophorame hirsti is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Barychelidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1994 by Australian arachnologist Robert Raven. The specific epithet hirsti honours David Hirst, Arachnologist at the South Australian Museum, for his research on heteropodid spider taxonomy.

Mygalomorphae
The Mygalomorphae, or mygalomorphs, are an infraorder of spiders, and comprise one of three major groups of living spiders with over 3,000 species, found on all continents except Antarctica. Many members are known as trapdoor spiders due to their creation of trapdoors over their burrows. Other prominent groups include Australian funnel web spiders and tarantulas, with the latter accounting for around one third of all mygalomorphs.
Hakoah All-Stars
Hakoah All-Stars is a former United States soccer club, based in New York City, that played in the American Soccer League between 1930 and 1932. The club was formed after the merger of Brooklyn Hakoah of the ASL and New York Hakoah of the Eastern Soccer League. Both of these clubs were formed by former players from SC Hakoah Wien. Béla Guttmann played for the team.

Eastern Professional Soccer League (1928–29)
The Eastern Professional Soccer League, better known as the Eastern Soccer League (ESL), was an American soccer league which existed for only a season and a half in 1928 and 1929.  Born of the internecine strife between soccer organizations in the United States known as the “Soccer War”, the ESL was created by the United States Football Association (USFA) as a counter to the professional American Soccer League which was contesting USFA control of professional soccer in the country.
Game law
Game laws are statutes which regulate the right to pursue and hunt certain kinds of wild animals (games or quarries) and fish (although the latter often comes under the jurisdiction of fisheries law). The scope of game laws can include the following:

Restricting the days to harvest fish or game (i.e. open and closed seasons);

Restricting the number of animals per person;

Restricting species, sex and age of animals allowed to be harvested;

Restricting the region where hunting is allowed to take place, and;

Limiting the weapons, gears and techniques that can be used.

Hunters, fishermen and lawmakers generally agree that the purposes of such laws is to balance the needs for preservation and harvest and to manage both environment and populations of game and fish. Game laws can provide a legal structure to collect license fees and other money which is used to fund conservation efforts as well as to obtain harvest information used in wildlife management practice.

Bag limits
A bag limit is a law imposed on hunters and fishermen restricting the number of animals within a specific species or group of species they may kill and keep. Size limits and hunting seasons sometimes accompany bag limits which place restrictions on the size of those animals and the time of year during which hunters may legally kill them. Those who violate these laws or other hunting laws are known as poachers.

In most cases, bag limits serve to keep a healthy population for the carrying capacity of the species' environment. This is done by utilizing hunters and fishermen, to harvest only a selected number of the mature game species. These bag limits are utilized by a multitude of Countries and Fish and Game enforcement agencies. Although like all law and regulation enforcement agencies, poorer regions of the world have limited ability to enforce these regulations.
Ivan Korshynskyi
Ivan Yuriyovich Korshynskyi (Ukrainian: Іван Юрійович Коршинський; 5 June 1928 – 16 November 2023) was a Ukrainian doctor and politician. An independent, he served in the Verkhovna Rada from 1994 to 1998.

Korshynskyi was born in Bushtyna, Czechoslovakia on 5 June 1928.

Korshynskyi died in Uzhhorod, Ukraine, on 16 November 2023, at the age of 95.

Uzhhorod
Uzhhorod is a city on the Uzh River in western Ukraine, on the border with Slovakia and near the border with Hungary. The city is approximately equidistant from the Baltic, the Adriatic and the Black Sea (650–690 km) making it the most inland city in this part of Europe. It is the administrative center of Zakarpattia Oblast (region), as well as the administrative center of Uzhhorod Raion (district) within the oblast.  Its population is 115,449 (2022 estimate).
Samuel McLaren
Professor Samuel Bruce McLaren (16 August 1876 – 13 August 1916) was an Australian mathematician and mathematical physicist. Joint winner of the Adams Prize in 1913 and professor of mathematics, University College, Reading from 1913 until his death during the Battle of the Somme.

Mathematical physics
Mathematical physics is the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics. The Journal of Mathematical Physics defines the field as "the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods suitable for such applications and for the formulation of physical theories". An alternative definition would also include those mathematics that are inspired by physics, known as physical mathematics.
Hamburger Stutenmeile
The Hamburger Stutenmeile is a Group 3 flat horse race in Germany open to thoroughbred fillies and mares aged three years or older. It is run at Hamburg-Horn over a distance of 1,600 metres (about 1 mile), and it is scheduled to take place each year in June or July.

Horner Rennbahn
Galopprennbahn Hamburg-Horn (Hamburg-Horn Racecourse), also known as Horner Rennbahn, is a major horse racing venue located in Horn, Hamburg, Germany. It is Germany's oldest horse-racing track, built in 1855. It has a capacity of 50,000 spectators. Since 1869 it hosts the annual Deutsches Derby on distances from 1,000 m (3,300 ft) to 3,600 m (11,800 ft), among others.

The nearest public transit station is Horner Rennbahn station of Hamburg U-Bahn.
South Dakota wine
South Dakota wine refers to wine made from grapes grown in the U.S. state of South Dakota. Its region stretches between the latitudes of 42°N and 45°N sharing these latitudes with some of the most famous wine-producing areas in the world, including Bordeaux and Italy's Tuscany. South Dakota has a small wine industry, which must contend with extremes of heat in the summer and cold in the winter. The only grape species that naturally performs well in South Dakota is Vitis riparia, a species not generally used for wine production. The wineries in South Dakota have focused exclusively on cold-resistant French hybrid grapes.  At present, there are no American Viticultural Areas (AVAs) in South Dakota, save for the state-level appellation.

Vitis riparia
Vitis riparia Michx, with common names riverbank grape or frost grape, is a vine indigenous to North America. As a climbing or trailing vine, it is widely distributed across central and eastern Canada and the central and northeastern parts of the United States, from Quebec to Texas, and eastern Montana to Nova Scotia. There are reports of isolated populations in the northwestern USA, but these are probably naturalized. It is long-lived and capable of reaching into the upper canopy of the tallest trees. It produces dark fruit that are appealing to both birds and people, and has been used extensively in commercial viticulture as grafted rootstock and in hybrid grape breeding programs.

Riverbank grape is a translation of the scientific name Vitis riparia; rīpārius means 'of riverbanks' in Latin, deriving from rīpa 'riverbank'.
Bülent Evcil
Bülent Evcil (born 1968) is a Turkish solo flutist and is the winner of the Royal Belgium Encouragement Medal of Art. He received the second place award in the Best Overall Performer Award at the 4th James Galway International Flute Seminar in Dublin.

Istanbul State Symphony Orchestra
The Istanbul State Symphony Orchestra (Turkish: İstanbul Devlet Senfoni Orkestrası or İDSO) is a Turkish symphony orchestra based in Istanbul.

Founded in 1945 as the Istanbul Municipality City Orchestra, its first principal conductor was Cemal Reşit Rey and Dr.Mehmet Muvaffak Goren.  In 1972 it became the Istanbul State Symphony Orchestra. Its current principal conductor is Erol Erdinc.
Apicotermitinae
Apicotermitinae is a highly diverse group of predominantly soil-feeding termites within the family Termitidae. They are represented by 64 genera and 236 species distributed within the Neotropical, Afrotropical and Indomalayan realms. Most species of this subfamily have lost the soldier caste, which occurred independently at least twice within two separate lineages, the most notable of which being the Neotropical Anoplotermes-group. The majority of species live within diffuse subterranean nests, although some, such as Ruptitermes arboreus, build arboreal nests and feed on a wider variety of substrates such as leaf litter. Due to the lack of soldiers, Apicotermitinae workers are more aggressive and have evolved additional defenses such as autothysis. For example, the dehiscent organ located within the abdomen of Ruptitermes workers, which they intentionally rupture to release toxic substances onto their main predators, ants.

Afrotropical realm
The Afrotropical realm is one of the Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Sub-Saharan Africa, the southern Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, and the islands of the western Indian Ocean. It was formerly known as the Ethiopian Zone or Ethiopian Region.
Pumpkin ale
Pumpkin ale is a popular style of beer in the United States. Pumpkin ale may be produced using pumpkin flesh in combination with malt or other more typical beer grains as a portion of the mash bill, contributing fermentable sugars to the wort. It may also be produced by adding natural or artificial flavor to a finished beer. Spice flavor may be added to evoke the flavor of pumpkin pie, a popular American wintertime dessert.

Many styles of pumpkin ale are produced, including pale ales, wheat beers, porters, and stouts. Often produced as a seasonal beer in the fall, it is produced by several breweries including Sea Dog Brewery, Shipyard Brewing Company, Saint Arnold Brewing Company and Blue Moon.

Porter (beer)
Porter is a style of beer that was developed in London in the early 18th century. It is well-hopped and dark in appearance owing to the use of brown malt. The name is believed to have originated from its popularity with porters.

Porter became the first beer style brewed around the world, being produced in Ireland, North America, Sweden, and Russia by the end of the 18th century.

The history of stout and porter are intertwined. The name "stout", used for a dark beer, came about because strong porters were marketed as "stout porter", later being shortened to just stout. Guinness Extra Stout was originally called "Extra Superior Porter" and was not given the name "Extra Stout" until 1840. Today, the terms stout and porter are used by different breweries almost interchangeably to describe dark beers, and have more in common than in distinction.
Salt Creek, Oregon
Salt Creek is an unincorporated historic community in Polk County, Oregon, United States on Oregon Route 22 about six miles northwest of Dallas. As an early European American settlement of the Oregon Country, the cemetery at Salt Creek has graves dating back to 1847. Salt Creek, a tributary of the South Yamhill River, was named by early settlers for the salt licks found on its banks. The Salt Creek post office, named after the creek, was established in 1852 and closed in 1903. James B. Riggs, who arrived in Oregon via the Oregon Trail and the Meek Cutoff in 1845, was the first postmaster. Riggs previously been the first postmaster of Yoncalla, followed by Jesse Applegate.

Salt Creek is where Jesse, Lindsay, and Charles Applegate first settled after arriving in Oregon. James B. Riggs was their neighbor.

Mineral lick
A mineral lick (also known as a salt lick) is a place where animals can go to lick essential mineral nutrients from a deposit of salts and other minerals. Mineral licks  can be naturally occurring or artificial (such as blocks of salt that farmers place in pastures for livestock to lick). Natural licks are common, and they provide essential elements such as phosphorus and the biometals (sodium, calcium, iron, zinc, and trace elements) required for bone, muscle and other growth in herbivorous mammals such as deer, moose, elephants, hippos, rhinos, giraffes, zebras, wildebeests, tapirs, woodchucks, fox squirrels, mountain goats, porcupines, and frugivorous bats. Such licks are especially important in ecosystems such as tropical rainforests and grasslands with poor general availability of nutrients. Harsh weather exposes salty mineral deposits that draw animals from miles away for a taste of needed nutrients. It is thought that certain fauna can detect calcium in salt licks.
Foyer Culturel de Goma
The Foyer Culturel de Goma (meaning "Goma Cultural Center"), colloquially referred to by its acronym FCG, is a cultural center and art school located in Goma, North Kivu, in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It serves as a regional key institution for promoting arts as a driving force for peace, reconciliation, and social change in the African Great Lakes region.

The center provides artistic education to nearly 600 young people and adults annually, offering courses in various disciplines such as vocal performance, piano, guitar, percussion, spoken word, dance, and cinema. FCG also plays an integral role in the community's cultural development by partnering with local families and schools. As the birthplace of the Amani Festival, the most significant cultural event in the region, the Foyer Culturel de Goma has established itself as a cultural reference in the city.

Art school
An art school is an educational institution with a primary focus on practice and related theory in the visual arts and design. This includes fine art – especially illustration, painting, contemporary art, sculpture, and graphic design.   They may be independent or operate within a larger institution, such as a university. Some may be associated with an art museum.

Art schools may be organized to offer elementary, secondary, post-secondary, undergraduate, or graduate programs, and can also offer a broad-based range of programs (such as the liberal arts and sciences). In the West there have been six major periods of art school curricula, and each one has had its own hand in developing modern institutions worldwide throughout all levels of education. Art schools also teach a variety of non-academic skills to many students.