hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Langum Prizes
The David J. Langum Sr. Prizes are American literary awards for biography, legal history, community activism, and formerly, historical fiction, awarded annually since 2001 by the Langum Charitable Trust.

The Langum Prize for American Historical Fiction (or David J. Langum, Sr. Prize in American Historical Fiction) was awarded for historical fiction between 2003 and 2022. The prize was for $1,000 and was awarded annually at Wheeler Theater, Port Townsend, Washington, in conjunction with Centrum Foundation’s annual Writers Conference. The prize was discontinued in 2024.

The David J. Langum, Sr. Prize in American Legal History or Biography (or Langum Prize for Legal History or Biography) is awarded for legal history or biography and given since 2001. The prize is $1,000 and is awarded annually at the Birmingham Public Library, Birmingham, Alabama. The ceremony is sponsored by the Friends of the Birmingham Public Library and the Birmingham Public Library.

Lawrence M. Friedman
Lawrence Meir Friedman (born April 2, 1930) is an American law professor, historian of American legal history, and author of nonfiction and fiction books. He has been a member of the faculty at Stanford Law School since 1968. He is married to Leah Feigenbaum Friedman and they have two adult daughters, Jane and Amy.
Torstein Lyberg
Torstein Lyberg (2 June 1947 – 12 October 2021) was a Norwegian maxillofacial surgeon and medical researcher. He was a research director at Oslo University Hospital and authored around 300 papers in medical journals. According to Google Scholar he is cited around 12,000 times in scientific literature and has an h-index of 60. He was described in the Journal of the Norwegian Medical Association as "one of the giants of Norwegian maxillofacial surgery and research."

Oral and maxillofacial surgery
Oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) is a surgical speciality focusing on reconstructive surgery of the face, facial trauma surgery, the mouth, head and neck, and jaws, as well as facial plastic surgery including cleft lip and cleft palate surgery and rhinoplasty.
Daniela Piedade
Daniela de Oliveira Piedade (born 2 March 1979) is a Brazilian former handball player. She played for the Brazilian national team, where she won the 2013 World Championship; the first for both Brazil and all of South America. She also participated at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing and at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, and lastly at the 2016 Olympics at home.

EHF Women's Champions League
The EHF Women's Champions League is the competition for the top women's handball clubs in Europe, organised annually by the European Handball Federation (EHF). It is the most prestigious tournament for clubs, with the champions of Europe's top national leagues participating.
Jorge Ramos Hernández
Jorge Ramos Hernández (born July 11, 1968) is a Mexican politician from the  National Action Party (PAN). He was the municipal president of Tijuana from 2007 to 2010 and he served in the Chamber of Deputies representing the fourth federal electoral district of Baja California from 2015 to 2018.

4th federal electoral district of Baja California
The 4th federal electoral district of Baja California (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 04 de Baja California) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of nine such districts in the state of Baja California.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the first region.

The 4th district was created by the 1977 electoral reforms and was first contested in the 1979 mid-term election. The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is Rocío López Gorosave of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).
Viscount Maugham
Viscount Maugham, of Hartfield in the County of Sussex, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 22 September 1939 for the former Lord Chancellor, Frederic Maugham, Baron Maugham. He had already been created a life peer under the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876 as Baron Maugham, of Hartfield in the County of Sussex, on 7 October 1935. This title was also in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. On Lord Maugham's death in 1958 the life barony became extinct while he was succeeded in the viscountcy by his only son, the second Viscount. He was an author known as Robin Maugham. He never married and on his death 
in 1981 the viscountcy became extinct.

Viscount Maugham was the author of 'U.N.O and War Crimes' published by John Murray, 1951.

The author W. Somerset Maugham was the younger brother of the first Viscount.

Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876
The Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876 (39 & 40 Vict. c. 59) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that altered the judicial functions of the House of Lords by allowing senior judges to sit in the House of Lords as life peers with the rank of baron, known as Lords of Appeal in Ordinary.  The first person to be made a law lord under its terms was Sir Colin Blackburn on 16 October 1876, who became Baron Blackburn.
2017 Toyota Grand Prix of Long Beach
The 2017 Toyota Grand Prix of Long Beach was the second round of the 2017 IndyCar Series and the 43rd annual running of the Toyota Grand Prix of Long Beach. The race was contested over 85 laps on a temporary street circuit in Long Beach, California on April 9, 2017. Hélio Castroneves won the pole, while James Hinchcliffe won the race.

Mikhail Aleshin
Mikhail Petrovich Aleshin (Russian: Михаи́л Петро́вич Алёшин, IPA: [mʲɪxɐˈil pʲɪˈtrovʲɪtɕ ɐˈlʲɵʂɨn], born 22 May 1987) is a Russian former professional racing driver and the 2010 champion of the Formula Renault 3.5 Series.
Warrendale, Pennsylvania
Warrendale (originally founded as Brush Creek) is a northern suburb of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located in the northwestern corner of Allegheny County. It is the home to the corporate headquarters of  Joy Mining Machinery, Printing Industries of America and SAE International, as well as the United States Postal Service Pittsburgh Network Distribution Center, one of 21 such mail delivery hubs in the country. Originally founded as Brush Creek, it was renamed to Warrendale in 1907, after the local Warren family that originally resided there in the late 1700s.

It was the home to one of American Eagle Outfitters' four North American distribution centers, before it closed.

It was the home to the corporate headquarters of rue21 before they closed in 2024.

Joy Global
Joy Global Inc. was a company that manufactured and serviced heavy equipment used in the extraction and haulage of coal and minerals in both underground and surface mining. The company had manufacturing facilities in Alabama, Pennsylvania, Texas, Wisconsin, Australia, Canada, China, France, South Africa, Poland and the United Kingdom. In 2017, Joy Global was acquired by Komatsu Limited and was renamed Komatsu Mining Corp.

In 2016, sales of services accounted for 78% of revenues, while sales of equipment accounted for 22% of revenues.
Karl Gustav von Strandmann
Karl Gustav von Strandmann (Russian: Штрандман, Карл Густавович; 1786–1855) was a Russian German military officer, a general of the Imperial Russian Army.

Born in the Governorate of Livonia to Gustav Ernst von Strandmann, governor-general of Siberia and a general of infantry of the Russian Army, Karl Gustav von Strandmann joined the Page Corps at an early age. He did not graduate from it, however, as in 1803 he joined the Chevalier Guard Regiment to fight in the Napoleonic Wars.

After the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte, he took part in suppressing the November Uprising in Poland and continued to serve in various command duties until his death in 1855.

Page Corps
The Page Corps (Russian: Пажеский корпус, romanized: Pazhyeskiy korpus; French: Corps des Pages) was a military academy in Imperial Russia, which prepared sons of the nobility and of senior officers for military service. Similarly, the Imperial School of Jurisprudence prepared boys for civil service. The present-day equivalent of the Page Corps and other Imperial military academies may be said to be the Suvorov Military Schools, though none of these was established before 1943.
SB-616234
SB-616234 is a selective serotonin 5-HT1B receptor antagonist. In terms of affinity, it shows 50-fold selectivity for the serotonin 5-HT1B receptor over the serotonin 5-HT1D receptor and greater than 100-fold selectivity for the serotonin 5-HT1B receptor over other serotonin receptors. The drug is a silent antagonist of the serotonin 5-HT1B receptor. It dose-dependently increases serotonin levels in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in rodents via blockade of serotonin 5-HT1B autoreceptors. In addition, it augments the increased serotonin levels induced by the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) paroxetine in this brain area in rodents. The drug produces antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects in rodents and anxiolytic-like effects in monkeys. It is orally active. SB-616234 was first described in the scientific literature by 2003.

Dentate gyrus
The dentate gyrus (DG) is one of the subfields of the hippocampus, in the hippocampal formation. The hippocampal formation is located in the temporal lobe of the brain, and includes the hippocampus (including CA1 to CA4) subfields, and other subfields including the dentate gyrus, subiculum, and presubiculum.

The dentate gyrus is part of the trisynaptic circuit, a neural circuit of the hippocampus, thought to contribute to the formation of new episodic memories, the spontaneous exploration of novel environments and other functions. The dentate gyrus has toothlike projections from which it is named.

The subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus is one of only two major sites of adult neurogenesis in the brain, and is found in many mammals. The other main site is the subventricular zone in the ventricular system. Other sites  may include  the striatum and the cerebellum. However, whether significant neurogenesis takes place in the adult human dentate gyrus has been a matter of debate.
Roseburg, Oregon
Roseburg is the most populous city in and the county seat of Douglas County, Oregon. It is located in the Umpqua River Valley in southern Oregon. Founded in 1851, the population was 23,683 at the 2020 census, making it the principal city of the Roseburg, Oregon Micropolitan Statistical Area. The community developed along both sides of the South Umpqua River and is traversed by Interstate 5. Traditionally a lumber industry town, Roseburg is the home of Roseburg Forest Products, which now spans across 5 different states and 2 countries.

Southern Oregon
Southern Oregon is a region of the U.S. state of Oregon south of Lane County and generally west of the Cascade Range, excluding the southern Oregon Coast. Counties include Douglas, Jackson, Klamath, and Josephine. It includes the Southern Oregon American Viticultural Area, which consists of the Umpqua and Rogue River drainages. As of 2015, the population in the four counties is about 471,000, and in the greater, seven-county definition, it is about 564,000.
Harold LeDoux
Harold Anthony LeDoux (November 7, 1926 – June 7, 2015) was an American artist best known for his work on the newspaper comic strip Judge Parker. He worked in the realistic style associated with Stan Drake, Leonard Starr, et al.

While in the Merchant Marine during World War II, LeDoux saved enough money to be able to attend the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts. Arriving in New York City, he began contributing to the Famous Funnies comic books.

Famous Funnies
Famous Funnies is an American comic strip anthology series published from 1934 to 1955 with two precursor one-shots appearing in 1933–1934. Published by Eastern Color Printing, Famous Funnies is considered by popular culture historians as the first true American comic book, following seminal precursors.
2024 Open de Rennes – Doubles
Sander Arends and David Pel were the defending champions but only Arends chose to defend his title, partnering Grégoire Jacq. Arends successfully defended his title after he and Jacq defeated Antoine Escoffier and Joshua Paris 6–4, 6–2 in the final.

Antoine Escoffier
Antoine Escoffier (born 29 February 1992) is a French former professional tennis player who competed on the ATP Challenger Tour. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 135, achieved on 16 October 2023 and a doubles ranking of No. 214, achieved on 20 May 2024. He achieved most of his career milestones after the age of 30.
Waterford Precision Cycles
Waterford Precision Cycles was a small bicycle manufacturer based in Waterford, Wisconsin. Waterford produced high-end, custom, hand-built, steel-frame bicycles, particularly road, criterium, stage, track, and cyclocross racing bicycles, that ranged in price from about $2,500 to $8,500. Waterford built both TIG welded and lugged steel frames to order, and specialized in custom and unique bicycle frames.

The company was operated by Richard Schwinn, formerly of Schwinn Bicycle Company, and business partner Marc Muller. Schwinn (great-grandson of Ignaz Schwinn, who founded Schwinn Co. in 1896) was vice president of production for Schwinn Co., and Muller worked for Schwinn as a designer of the company's hand-crafted Paramount racing bikes.

Waterford Precision Cycles and Gunnar Cycles ceased operations in June 2023 due to the upcoming retirement of owner Richard Schwinn and several other employees.

Ignaz Schwinn
Ignaz Schwinn (April 1, 1860 – August 31, 1948) was a German-American bicycle designer, who co-founded, and eventually owned, the Schwinn Bicycle Company.

He was born in the town of Hardheim, Grand Duchy of Baden, in 1860. In his early years, he completed a mechanical apprenticeship, then he became an itinerant bicycle repairman. Schwinn reportedly had a dispute with an early partner in Germany over brake designs and sought his fortune abroad. He arrived in Chicago in 1891 and, by 1895 had teamed with German immigrant Adolph Arnold to found Arnold, Schwinn, and Company. In 1908, Schwinn bought Arnold's interest, becoming sole owner. Ignaz Schwinn maintained the original company name and ran operations through World War II. After this his son Frank succeeded him, the name was changed to the Schwinn Bicycle Company, and the corporation grew to have a nationwide market.

Ignaz Schwinn died of a stroke in Chicago on August 31, 1948, and was buried at Rosehill Cemetery.
Torre del Colle
Torre del Colle is a frazione of the comune of Bevagna in the Province of Perugia, Umbria, central Italy. It stands at an elevation of 250 metres above sea level. At the time of the Istat census of 2001 it had 33 inhabitants.

the church San Lorenzo inside the castle

the sanctuary Madonna della Valle

Province of Perugia
The province of Perugia (Italian: provincia di Perugia) is the larger of the two provinces in the Umbria region of Italy, comprising two-thirds of both the area and population of the region. Its capital is the city of Perugia. The province covered all of Umbria until 1927, when the province of Terni was carved out of its southern third. The province of Perugia has an area of 6,337 km2 and a total population of 636,531 as of 2025, covering about two-thirds of Umbria. It has 59 municipalities.

The province has numerous tourist attractions, especially artistic and historical ones, and is home to the Lake Trasimeno, the largest lake of Central Italy. It is historically the ancestral origin of the Umbri, while later it was a Roman province and then part of the Papal States until the late 19th century.
Agalychnis danieli
Agalychnis danieli, also known as the Antioquia leaf frog, is a species of frog in the subfamily Phyllomedusinae. It is endemic to Colombia and only known from its type locality in the northern part of the western flank of the Cordillera Occidental in the Antioquia Department. The specific name danieli honours Brother Daniel Gonzales Patiño, a Colombian monk with naturalist inclinations who became the director of Natural History Museum of the Instituto de La Salle, Bogotá.

Agalychnis danieli is only known from a juvenile specimen collected from a leaf on vegetation near a stream in primary forest at about 1,640 m (5,380 ft) above sea level. Later survey to the type locality did not reveal new specimens. The habitat of this species is threatened by clearing of the forest for fruit and cacao cultivation. It might occur in the adjacent Las Orquídeas National Natural Park and Mesenia-Paramillo Nature Reserve.

Cordillera Occidental (Colombia)
The Cordillera Occidental (English: Western Ranges) is the lowest in elevation of the three branches of the Colombian Andes.  The average altitude is 2,000 m (6,600 ft) and the highest peak is Cerro Tatamá at 4,100 m (13,500 ft).  The range extends from south to north diverging from the Colombian Massif in Nariño Department, passes north through Cauca, Valle del Cauca, Risaralda, Chocó, and Caldas Departments to the Paramillo Massif in Antioquia and Córdoba Departments. The cordillera is paralleled on the east by the Cauca river. From this massif the range divides further to form the Serranías de Ayapel, San Jerónimo and Abibe, receding into the Caribbean plain and the Sinú River valley.

It is a direct continuation of the Cordillera Occidental of Ecuador.
Battle of Iñaquito
After his unheard claims as governor of New Castile (Peru) following the death of his brother, Gonzalo Pizarro pressed claims to be recognized as the ruler of the land he and his brothers had conquered. After the arrival of appointed royal viceroy Blasco Núñez Vela in 1544, Gonzalo succeeded to have him repelled and sent to Panama in chains. He was released, however, and returned to Peru by sea while Gonzalo was mustering an army. The two met on January 18 at Iñaquito in the outskirts of Quito, present-day capital of Ecuador, where the superiority of the Nueva Castilla army ensured victory for Gonzalo. Blasco Núñez Vela reportedly fought but fell as a victim in battle and was later decapitated on the field of defeat, a fate Gonzalo himself would share two years later at Jaquijahuana.

Governorate of New Castile
The Governorate of New Castile (Gobernación de Nueva Castilla, pronounced [ɡoβeɾnaˈθjon de ˈnweβa kasˈtiʎa]) was the gubernatorial region administered to Francisco Pizarro in 1529 by King Charles I of Spain, of which he was appointed governor via a capitulation.

The region roughly consisted of modern Peru and was, after the foundation of Lima in 1535, divided. The conquest of the Inca Empire in 1531–1533, performed by Pizarro and his brothers set the basis for the territorial boundaries of New Castile.
1992 Canadian Open – Men's doubles
Patrick Galbraith and Todd Witsken were the defending champions, but competed this year with different partners.

Witsken teamed up with Ken Flach and lost in the second round to Bryan Shelton and Kenny Thorne.

Galbraith teamed up with Danie Visser and successfully defended his title, by defeating Andre Agassi and John McEnroe 6–4, 6–4 in the final.

Bryan Shelton
Bryan Shelton (born December 22, 1965) is an American former professional tennis player and coach. During his playing career, he won two singles and two doubles ATP tour titles, and reached the mixed doubles final at the 1992 French Open, partnering Lori McNeil. Shelton played collegiately for Georgia Tech from 1985 to 1988, and then played professionally from 1989 to 1997.

Following his retirement from the sport, Shelton subsequently returned to his alma mater to coach the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets women's tennis team, which won the NCAA Women's Tennis Championship in 2007.  He then served as the head coach of the Florida Gators men's tennis team of the University of Florida, which he coached to winning the 2021 NCAA Championship. He is the only head coach to have won a national championship in both men and women's NCAA Division I Tennis.

In 2023, Shelton retired from collegiate coaching to coach his son, Ben Shelton, for the latter's professional career.
Animals Drawn from Nature and Engraved in Aqua-tinta
Animals Drawn from Nature and Engraved in Aqua-tinta is a book written and illustrated by Charles Catton the younger and published in London in 1788. It is a very early example of a work including hand-coloured aquatints. The thirty-six animals described, all mammals except for the crocodile, were from both the New World and the Old World. At the time Catton had not travelled abroad so he drew native British animals as well as exotics kept in captivity in Britain.

Mouflon
The mouflon (Ovis gmelini) is a wild sheep native to Cyprus, and the Caspian region, including eastern Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Iran. It is also found in parts of Europe. It is thought to be the ancestor of all modern domestic sheep breeds.
Count (2023 film)
Count (Korean: 카운트; RR: Kaunteu) is a 2023 South Korean comedy-drama film directed by Kwon Hyuk-jae. Based on former boxer Park Si-hun, it stars Jin Seon-kyu as Park, along with Sung Yoo-bin, Oh Na-ra, Ko Chang-seok, Jang Dong-joo, Ko Kyu-pil, and Kim Min-ho. The film was theatrically released on February 22, 2023.

Jinhae District
Jinhae District (Korean: 진해구; RR: Jinhae-gu) is a district of Changwon, South Korea.  This region is served by the Korean National Railroad, and is famous for its annual cherry blossom festival every spring.

The city front is on a sheltered, island-studded bay, and is almost completely surrounded by mountains covered with pine trees.

The emblem of Jinhae contains a cherry blossom.
Diocese of Pekhon
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Pekhon (Dioecesis Pekhonensis) is located in the Pekhon, Shan State in Myanmar. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Taunggyi.

The diocese was created on December 15, 2005, by splitting off the territory from the Archdiocese of Taunggyi. Peter Hla, who was previously auxiliary bishop of Taunggyi, was selected as its first bishop. Msgr. Felice Bahtoo was selected and consecrated Coadjutor Bishop of Pekhon diocese on 29th June, 2024.The cathedral of the diocese is the church of Sacred Heart in Pekhon.

The diocese covers an area of 25,890 km2 (10,000 sq mi), and borders the archdiocese of Taunggyi to the north, the Diocese of Taungngu to the southwest and the Diocese of Loikaw to the south.

Pekon Township
Pekon Township (Burmese: ဖယ်ခုံမြို့နယ်; also spelled Pekhon, Phekhon, Pekong, Pecong, Pékon) is a township of Kalaw District in the Shan State of Myanmar. The principal town is Pekon. The largest settlement in the township is Mobye, a village tract in the east of the township.

Part of a popular tourist place and bird watching site, Inle Lake and Inlay Lake Wetland Sanctuary, lies in this township.

Reportedly, the township's southern police station was occupied and razed by civilian fighters. There is an ongoing battle between civilian fighters and Myanmar military troops.

In late December 2023, various resistance groups of Operation 1111 were able to capture two junta military bases, Shwe Pyi Aye and Lwal Pator, in the township.
Davide Donati (gymnast)
Davide Donati (born 25 April 1994) is an Italian aerobic gymnast. Along with his partner Michela Castoldi, Donati is the 2016 and 2018 Aerobic Gymnastics World Champion and the 2015 European Games silver medalist in the Mixed Pairs category. He was also a member of the silver medalist Italian group at the 2016 World Championships.

Aerobic gymnastics
Aerobic gymnastics or sport aerobics is a competitive sport originating from traditional aerobics in which complex, high-intensity movement patterns and elements of varying difficulty are performed to music. It is governed by World Gymnastics. The FIG designs the Code of Points governing the sport and regulates all aspects of international elite competition. Within individual countries, gymnastics is regulated by national federations.