hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Max Bulla
Max Bulla (September 26, 1905 – March 1, 1990) was an Austrian professional road bicycle racer. In the 1931 Tour de France, Bulla won three stages and wore the yellow jersey for one day. He eventually finished the Tour in 15th place overall and won the classification for independent riders. Bulla finished fifth overall and won two stages at the 1935 Vuelta a España. He was born in Vienna and died in Pitten.

When Bulla won the second stage of the 1931 Tour de France and took the yellow jersey, the cyclists in the Tour de France were divided into national teams and touriste-routiers. The best cyclists were in the national teams, and the semi-amateurs were touriste-routiers. Bulla was a touriste-routier. In that second stage, the touriste-routiers started 10 minutes later than the national teams. Still, Bulla overtook the national teams, won the stage and took the lead, the only time in history that a touriste-routier was leading the Tour de France.

General classification in the Tour de France
The general classification of the Tour de France is the most important classification of the race and determines the winner of the race. Since 1919, the leader of the general classification has worn the yellow jersey (French: maillot jaune [majo ʒon]).
Franklin, Mississippi
Franklin is an unincorporated community located in Holmes County, Mississippi. Mississippi Highway 17 passes through Franklin, which is approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of Lexington, the county seat, and approximately 12 miles (19 km) north of the town of Pickens.

This was long an area of cotton plantations. In the antebellum era, labor was provided by thousands of enslaved African Americans. After the war, many freedmen continued to work the land as sharecroppers and tenant farmers.

Freedman
A freedman or freedwoman is a person who has been released from slavery, usually by legal means. Historically, slaves freed themselves (runaways or maroons) through escape, self-purchase, or rebellion; or were freed through manumission (granted freedom by their owners), emancipation (granted freedom as part of a larger group), or abolition (the outlawing of slavery in general).
Industrial data processing
Industrial data processing is a branch of applied computer science that covers the area of design and programming of computerized systems which are not computers as such — often referred to as embedded systems (PLCs, automated systems, intelligent instruments, etc.).  The products concerned contain at least one microprocessor or microcontroller, as well as couplers (for I/O).

Another current definition of industrial data processing is that it concerns those computer programs whose variables in some way represent physical quantities; for example the temperature and pressure of a tank, the position of a robot arm, etc.

Pressure
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.: 445  Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure.

Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), for example, is one newton per square metre (N/m2); similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi, symbol lbf/in2) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and US customary systems. Pressure may also be expressed in terms of standard atmospheric pressure; the unit atmosphere (atm) is equal to this pressure, and the torr is defined as 1⁄760 of this. Manometric units such as the centimetre of water, millimetre of mercury, and inch of mercury are used to express pressures in terms of the height of column of a particular fluid in a manometer.
Sports in New Jersey
As of 2024, New Jersey has six teams from major professional sports leagues playing in the state, with only one team identifying themselves as solely being from the state. The other remaining teams identify themselves as being from the New York metropolitan area with the National Women's Soccer League team having a team name that represents both New Jersey and New York. The National Hockey League and National Basketball Association teams representing Philadelphia have their training facilities in South Jersey.

Rutgers University–Camden
Rutgers University–Camden is a regional campus of Rutgers University—a public land-grant research university—located in Camden, New Jersey. Founded in 1926 as the South Jersey Law School, Rutgers–Camden began as an amalgam of the South Jersey Law School and the College of South Jersey. It is the southernmost of the three regional campuses of Rutgers; the two others are located in New Brunswick and Newark. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

In 2024, the university was ranked 48th among the top public universities and 98th among national universities by US News and World Report.
Henry Cornwallis (MP for Eye)
Honorable Henry Cornwallis (1740-1761), was an English Member of Parliament.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Eye 30 March-April 1761. He died on his way back from Germany to take his seat in Parliament. He was the brother of Charles, Viscount Brome.

The Honourable
The Honourable (Commonwealth English) or The Honorable (American English; see spelling differences) (abbreviation: Hon., Hon'ble, or variations) is an honorific style that is used as a prefix before the names or titles of certain people, usually with official governmental or diplomatic positions.
Dacnis
Dacnis is a genus of Neotropical birds in the tanager family Thraupidae.

These are highly sexually dichromatic species with bright blue males and green females. They have various bill types and many of them feed on nectar.

Tanager
The tanagers (singular /ˈtænədʒər/) comprise the bird family Thraupidae, in the order Passeriformes. The family has a Neotropical distribution and is the second-largest family of birds. It represents about 4% of all avian species and 12% of the Neotropical birds.

Traditionally, the family contained around 240 species of mostly brightly colored fruit-eating birds. As more of these birds were studied using modern molecular techniques, it became apparent that the traditional families were not monophyletic. Euphonia and Chlorophonia, which were once considered part of the tanager family, are now treated as members of the Fringillidae, in their own subfamily (Euphoniinae). Likewise, the genera Piranga (which includes the scarlet tanager, summer tanager, and western tanager), Chlorothraupis, and Habia appear to be members of the family Cardinalidae, and have been reassigned to that family by the American Ornithological Society.
Progressive Liberal Party (Greece)
The Progressive Liberal Party (Greek: Κόμμα Προοδευτικών Φιλελευθέρων, Komma Proodeftikon Fileleftheron) was a short-lived political party founded by General Nikolaos Plastiras in December 1949.
The party belonged to the political center, supporting liberalism as it had been shaped in Greece by Eleftherios Venizelos (Venizelism).

In the run-up to the March 1950 elections, it formed a coalition with Emmanouil Tsouderos' Democratic Progressive Party, also a centrist liberal party, under the name National Progressive Center Union (EPEK).

With the transformation of the electoral alliance into a permanent political formation in April 1950, the Progressive Liberal Party merged into it.

Emmanouil Tsouderos
Emmanouil Tsouderos (Greek: Εμμανουήλ Τσουδερός, also transliterated as Emmanuel Tsouderos; 19 July 1882 – 10 February 1956) was a Greek politician and statesman who served as the internationally recognized Prime Minister of Greece from 1941 to 1944 as head of the Greek government-in-exile during the Second World War. He resigned in 1944, following a mutiny in the exiled armed forces.
David Raphael ben Abraham Polido
David Raphael ben Abraham Polido (Hebrew: דוד רפאל בן אברהם פולידו, romanized: Daṿid Refaʼel ben Avraham Polido; fl. 17th and 18th centuries) was a Jewish satirist. He wrote Zikhron Purim (lit. 'Remembrance of Purim'), a parody on the piyyutim for Purim, followed by a testament of Haman, a poem full of coarse jokes, but a good imitation of the Sephardic piyyutim (Livorno, 1703).

His name, and the fact that his work was printed in Livorno, suggest that he was an Italian; but Somerhausen reads פולניא‎ ('Polonya' or 'Polnia') instead of Polido, whereas Steinschneider interprets it as 'Fulda.'

Moritz Steinschneider
Moritz Steinschneider (Yiddish: משה שטיינשניידער; 30 March 1816 – 24 January 1907) was a Moravian bibliographer and Orientalist, and an important figure in Jewish studies and Jewish history. He is credited as having invented the term antisemitism.
Beg Forgiveness
"Beg Forgiveness" (stylized in all caps) is a song by the American hip-hop supergroup ¥$, composed of rapper Kanye West and singer Ty Dolla Sign. It was released as track 13 from their debut collaborative album, Vultures 1 (2024). It features vocals from fellow American singer Chris Brown. The song's lyrics focus on mortality, acceptance in death, and the legacy of West's children. "Beg Forgiveness" is heavily based on Joe Goddard’s 2011 single "Gabriel", borrowing multiple elements from it.

¥$
¥$ (pronounced "Ye and Dolla Sign") is an American hip-hop superduo composed of rapper Kanye West and singer-songwriter Ty Dolla Sign. With the two maintaining a strong relationship during 2023, West invited Ty Dolla Sign to record songs in Tokyo, Italy, and later Saudi Arabia. During this time, the duo began work on their collaborative effort, Vultures 1 (2024).

Despite mixed critical response, Vultures 1  debuted atop the US Billboard 200 and spawned the single "Carnival" (with Rich the Kid featuring Playboi Carti), which peaked atop the US Billboard Hot 100. After several delays, the duo's second album, Vultures 2 (2024), was released in August of that year; it received weaker sales—peaking at number two on the Billboard 200—and negative reception from critics, who felt the project was exceedingly unfinished.

They won Best Group at the BET Awards 2024.
Huilong Township, Fujian
Huilong Township (simplified Chinese: 回龙乡; traditional Chinese: 回龍鄉; pinyin: Huílóng Xiāng) is a township of Jianyang City in northwestern Fujian province, China, located about 31 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of downtown Jianyang as the crow flies. As of 2011, it has 12 villages under its administration.

Jianyang, Nanping
Jianyang is a district in the prefecture-level city of Nanping, in the northern part of Fujian province, People's Republic of China. Its population was 340,843 in 2020.

Jianyang has rich natural resources: bamboo, tea and water power.
Hymns in the Garden
Hymns in the Garden is an album by saxophonist Kirk Whalum issued in 2001 on Warner Bros. Records. The album reached No. 18 on the Billboard Top Contemporary Jazz Albums chart and No. 27 on the Billboard Top Jazz Albums chart. The album was nominated for Best Pop Instrumental Album at the 43rd Annual Grammy Awards in 2001.

43rd Annual Grammy Awards
The 43rd Annual Grammy Awards were held on February 21, 2001, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. They recognized accomplishments by musicians from the year 2000. Several artists earned three awards on the night. Steely Dan's haul included Album of the Year for Two Against Nature. U2 took home the Record of the Year and Song of the Year for "Beautiful Day". Dr. Dre won Producer of the Year, Non-Classical and Best Rap Album for Eminem's The Marshall Mathers LP. Eminem himself also received three awards, out of four nominations. Faith Hill took home Best Country Album for the album Breathe, Best Female Country Vocal Performance for the song's title track and Best Country Collaboration with Vocals with Tim McGraw for "Let's Make Love". Madonna opened the show with "Music".
Linneper Hof
The Reifferscheider Hof or Linneper Hof was a Residenz of the Reifferscheid, Linnep, Sayn-Wittgenstein and Grafschaft Neuenahr families in the Cathedral quarter of Cologne. It was inhabited by numerous members of the Cologne diocese until the 1740s, and was an emphyteusis of the cathedral monastery. It was demolished in 1864. Today, the area on which the Hof stood is part of the grounds of the Romano-Germanic Museum.

Emphyteusis
Emphyteusis (Greek, 'implanting') or emphyteutic lease is a contract for land that allows the holder the right to the enjoyment of a property, often in perpetuity, on condition of proper care, payment of tax, and rent. This type of real estate contract specifies that the lessee must improve the property for the nation or for its population, for example through construction of a railway service perhaps or by farming the land to create produce, as happened in Mauritius where the population was starving. The term is commonly used in Quebec, Belgium and France and its ex-colonies. This kind of lease is usually associated with government lands or government properties.
Listed buildings in Quernmore
Quernmore is a civil parish in Lancaster, Lancashire, England.  It contains 28 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, one is at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  Apart from the small village of Quernmore, the parish is rural.  Most of the listed buildings are houses, farmhouses, and associated structures.  The most important house in the parish is Quernmore Park; this and associated buildings are listed.  The other listed buildings include a church, a former school, an aqueduct, a former corn mill, and a former railway bridge.

City of Lancaster
The City of Lancaster, or simply Lancaster (/ˈlæŋkæstər/), is a local government district with city status in Lancashire, England. It is named after its largest settlement, Lancaster, and also includes the towns of Carnforth, Heysham and Morecambe and a wider rural hinterland. The district has a population of 145,006 (2024), and an area of 219 square miles (567 km2).

Much of the district's rural area is recognised for its natural beauty; it includes part of the Yorkshire Dales National Park and parts of the designated Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty of Arnside and Silverdale and the Forest of Bowland. The neighbouring districts are Westmorland and Furness, North Yorkshire, Ribble Valley and Wyre.
Hasok Chang
Hasok Chang (Korean: 장하석; born March 26, 1967) is a South Korea-born American historian and philosopher of science currently serving as the Hans Rausing Professor at the Department of History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Cambridge and a board member of the Philosophy of Science Association. He previously served as president of the British Society for the History of Science from 2012 to 2014.

His areas of interest include the history and philosophy of chemistry and physics, the philosophy of scientific practice, measurement in quantum mechanics, realism, scientific evidence, pluralism and pragmatism.

Educational Broadcasting System
Korea Educational Broadcasting System (Korean: 한국교육방송공사; RR: Hanguggyoyugbangsong-gongsa) or EBS is a South Korean educational public radio and television network covering South Korean territory, and the only major South Korean radio and television network joint venture Ministry of Science and ICT and Ministry of Education without a separate regional service. It was established as KBS 3 and KBS Educational Radio in the 1980s, and became an independent corporation in 1990.
E Centauri
E Centauri is a single star in the southern constellation of Centaurus. It is a white-hued star that is dimly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +5.34. The distance to this object is approximately 560 light years based on parallax, and it has an absolute magnitude of −0.97. It is drifting closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of +7 km/s, and it is a candidate member of the Lower Centaurus Crux subgroup of the Sco OB2 association.

This is a late B- or early A-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of B9.5/A0V, which indicates it is generating energy via core hydrogen fusion. It has 3.4 times the mass of the Sun and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 74 km/s. The star is radiating 302 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 9,886 K.

Stellar rotation
Stellar rotation is the angular motion of a star about its axis. The rate of rotation can be measured from the spectrum of the star, or by timing the movements of active features on the surface.

The rotation of a star produces an equatorial bulge due to centrifugal force. As stars are not solid bodies, they can also undergo differential rotation. Thus the equator of the star can rotate at a different angular velocity than the higher latitudes. These differences in the rate of rotation within a star may have a significant role in the generation of a stellar magnetic field.

In its turn, the magnetic field of a star interacts with the stellar wind. As the wind moves away from the star its angular speed decreases. The magnetic field of the star interacts with the wind, which applies a drag to the stellar rotation. As a result, angular momentum is transferred from the star to the wind, and over time this gradually slows the star's rate of rotation.
FC Kamza
Football Club Kamza was a football club based in Kamëz, Albania. Founded on 10 September 1936, the club competed in the lower levels of Albanian football for much of their history, except for the 2011–12 season where they were promoted to the Kategoria Superiore for the first time.

Kategoria e Parë
Kategoria e Parë is the second tier of professional football in Albania, positioned below Kategoria Superiore and above Kategoria e Dytë.

Established in 1930, the league comprises 12 teams. The top two teams earn direct promotion to Kategoria Superiore, while the teams ranked 3rd to 6th enter a playoff tournament.

The winner faces the 8th-placed team from Kategoria Superiore in a promotion play-off match. At the other end of the table, the bottom two teams are relegated to Kategoria e Dytë, while the teams finishing 9th and 10th must compete in a relegation play-off to retain their spot in the league.
Jim Walden (lawyer)
James Alvin Walden Jr. (born January 19, 1966) is an American attorney. After serving as an Assistant U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of New York from 1993 to 2002, Walden entered private practice, where he has been a defense attorney for corporations in cases involving white-collar crime, antitrust violations, and market manipulation.

He has represented Grigory Rodchenkov, the former head of Russia's anti-doping laboratory, and UFC lightweight champion Conor McGregor, underground high stakes poker organizer Molly Bloom and plaintiffs in class action lawsuits against WeWork, the New York City Department of Education, and the New York City Housing Authority. He served as special counsel to a task force created by Governor of New Jersey Phil Murphy to investigate the administration of the state's tax incentive programs.

White-collar crime
The term "white-collar crime" refers to financially motivated, nonviolent or non-directly violent crime committed by individuals,  businesses and government professionals. The crimes are believed to be committed by middle- or upper-class individuals for financial gains.  It was first defined by the sociologist Edwin Sutherland in 1939 as "a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of their occupation". Typical white-collar crimes could include wage theft, fraud, bribery, Ponzi schemes, insider trading, labor racketeering, embezzlement, cybercrime, copyright infringement, money laundering, identity theft, and forgery. White-collar crime overlaps with corporate crime.
Johann Karl Wilhelm Voigt
Johann Karl Wilhelm Voigt (20 February 1752 in Allstedt – 2 January 1821 in Ilmenau) was a German mineralogist and mining engineer.

He initially studied law at the University of Jena, then in 1776 enrolled at the Mining Academy in Freiberg as a pupil of Abraham Gottlob Werner. He later relocated to Weimar, where in 1783 he was named secretary of the Bergwerkskommission (mining commission). During his time spent in Weimar he developed a close friendship with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe — through Voigt, Goethe received an education in mineralogy. From 1789 to 1821, he served as Bergrath (councillor of mines) in Ilmenau.

He is best remembered for his dispute with Werner in regards to latter's theory of Neptunism; with Voigt maintaining that basalt was of volcanic origin. In 1800 he introduced the term "lettenkohle" to describe coal with a large content of letten (regional German word for clay and mud).

The thoroughfare Bergrat-Voigt-Straße in Erfurt commemorates his name.

Abraham Gottlob Werner
Abraham Gottlob Werner (German: [ˈaːbʁaham ˈɡɔtloːp ˈvɛʁnɐ]; 25 September 1749 – 30 June 1817) was a German geologist who set out an early theory about the stratification of the Earth's crust and propounded a history of the Earth that came to be known as Neptunism. While most tenets of Neptunism were eventually set aside, Werner is remembered for his demonstration of chronological succession in rocks; for the zeal with which he infused his pupils; and for the impulse he thereby gave to the study of geology. He has been called the "father of German geology".
February 2024 California atmospheric rivers
In early February 2024, two atmospheric rivers brought extensive flooding, intense winds, and power outages to portions of California. The storms caused record-breaking rainfall totals to be observed in multiple areas, as well as the declaration of states of emergency in multiple counties in Southern California. Wind gusts of hurricane force were observed in San Francisco, along with wind gusts reaching over 100 miles per hour (160 km/h) in the Sierra Nevada. Widespread landslides occurred as a result of the storms, as well as multiple rivers overflowing due to the excessive rainfall. Stormchaser Reed Timmer stated that "Biblical flooding" was possible throughout California during the atmospheric river.

Atmospheric river
An atmospheric river (AR) is a narrow corridor or filament of concentrated moisture in the atmosphere. Other names for this phenomenon are tropical plume, tropical connection, moisture plume, water vapor surge, and cloud band.

Atmospheric rivers consist of narrow bands of enhanced water vapor transport, typically along the boundaries between large areas of divergent surface air flow, including some frontal zones in association with extratropical cyclones that form over the oceans. Pineapple Express storms are the most commonly represented and recognized type of atmospheric rivers; the name is due to the warm water vapor plumes originating over the Hawaiian tropics that follow various paths towards western North America, arriving at latitudes from California and the Pacific Northwest to British Columbia and even southeast Alaska.
SS Seiko Maru
A number of steamships have been named Seiko Maru, including:

SS Seiko Maru (1890), 137 GRT

SS Seiko Maru (1898), 108 GRT

SS Seiko Maru (1909), 3,099 GRT

SS Seiko Maru (1917), 371 GRT

SS Seiko Maru (1935), 240 GRT

SS Seiko Maru (1938), 164 GRT

SS Seiko Maru (1940), 5,385 GRT

HMAS Mallina
HMAS Mallina was a 3,213 GRT cargo ship built by Harland & Wolff, Belfast in 1909 as Mallina for the Australian United Steam Navigation Company for the Rockhampton to Sydney cargo route. She was requisitioned by the Royal Australian Navy in 1914, as a store carrier and collier. She was returned to her owners in 1915. She was sold in 1935 to Machida Shokai Kisen Kaisha, Japan and renamed Seiko Maru, before being sold to Kita Nippon Kisen Kaisha and renamed Siberia Maru No. 3, which was later shortened to Siberian Maru. While steaming in the Sulu Sea, Philippines on 24 September 1944, she was attacked by American aircraft of Task Force 38 and sunk with the loss of 158 of the 2,382 people on board.