hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Slash (logging)
In forestry, slash, or slashings are coarse and fine woody debris generated during logging operations or through wind, snow or other natural forest disturbances. Slash generated during logging operations may increase fire hazard, and some North American states have passed laws requiring the treatment of logging slash. Logging slash can be  chipped and used (for example) in the production of electricity or heat in cogeneration power-plants, or simply burned onsite.

Where logging takes place on soft ground, loggers can use the branches and tops of trees as part of the timber-harvesting process to provide a track for forest machines.
Using slash in this manner reduces ground damage.

Debris
Debris (UK: /ˈdɛbri, ˈdeɪbri/, US: /dəˈbriː/) is rubble, wreckage, ruins, litter and discarded garbage/refuse/trash, scattered remains of something destroyed, or, as in geology, large rock fragments left by a melting glacier, etc. Depending on context, debris can refer to a number of different things. The first apparent use of the French word in English is in a 1701 description of the army of Prince Rupert upon its retreat from a battle with the army of Oliver Cromwell, in England.
Oskar Karl Johann Liigand
Oskar Karl Johann Liigand (24 May 1874 Karksi Parish (now Mulgi Parish), Kreis Pernau – 20 November 1940 Tõdva Parish, Harju County) was an Estonian journalist and politician. He was a member of the I, II, III and IV Riigikogu.

1926-1929 he was First Assistant Secretary of III Riigikogu.

1st Riigikogu
The 1st Riigikogu was the first legislature of the Estonian Parliament (Riigikogu). The legislature was elected after 1920 elections (held on 27–29 November 1920). It sat between 20 December 1920 and 30 May 1923, before the next round of elections were held.
The Music Improvisation Company
The Music Improvisation Company is the debut album by the Music Improvisation Company, recorded over three days in August 1970 and released on ECM later that year. The quartet features saxophonist Evan Parker, guitarist Derek Bailey, Hugh Davies on various self-made electronic instruments, and percussionist Jamie Muir, with guest vocalist Christine Jeffrey appearing on two tracks.

ECM Records
ECM (Edition of Contemporary Music) is an independent record label founded by Karl Egger, Manfred Eicher and Manfred Scheffner in Munich in 1969. While ECM is best known for jazz music, the label has released a variety of recordings, and ECM's artists often refuse to acknowledge boundaries between genres. ECM's motto is "the most beautiful sound next to silence", taken from a 1971 review of ECM releases in Coda, a Canadian jazz magazine.

ECM has been distributed in the U.S. by Warner Bros. Records, PolyGram Records, BMG, and, since 1999, Universal Music, the successor of PolyGram, worldwide. Its album covers were profiled in two books: Sleeves of Desire and Windfall Light, both published by Lars Müller.
Mary Aroni
Mary Aroni (Greek: Μαίρη Αρώνη) was a famous Greek actress. She was born in 1916 in Athens, Greece. She first appeared in theatre in 1935 and she mainly acted in theatre. She made only four cinema appearances in her acting life. She lived in Kalamaki, near Athens and she played in cinema together with Dionysis Papagiannopoulos and Lambros Konstantaras.

Alimos
Alimos (Greek: Άλιμος) is a town on the Saronic Gulf coast, a suburb of the Athens agglomeration, and a municipality in South Athens regional unit, Greece. It was formed in 1968 comprising two settlements, the suburban seaside town of Kalamaki (Greek: Καλαμάκι), and the inland community of Trachones (Greek: Τράχωνες). Alimos had 43,174 inhabitants in the 2021 census.
Jules Laforgue
Jules Laforgue (French: [ʒyl lafɔʁɡ]; 16 August 1860 – 20 August 1887) was a Franco-Uruguayan poet, often referred to as a Symbolist poet. Critics and commentators have also pointed to Impressionism as a direct influence and his poetry has been called "part-symbolist, part-impressionist". Laforgue was a model for Pierre-Auguste Renoir, including for Renoir's 1881 painting Luncheon of the Boating Party.

Artistic symbol
In works of art, literature, and narrative, a symbol is a concrete element like an object, character, image, situation, or action that suggests or hints at abstract, deeper, or non-literal meanings or ideas. The use of symbols artistically is symbolism. In literature, such as novels, plays, and poems, symbolism goes beyond just the literal written words on a page, since writing itself is also inherently a system of symbols.

Artistic symbols may be intentionally built into a work by its creator, which in the case of narratives can make symbolism a deliberate narrative device. However, it also may be decided upon by the audience or by a consensus of scholars through their interpretation of the work. Various synonyms exist for this type of symbol, based on specific genre, artistic medium, or domain: visual symbol, literary symbol, poetic symbol, etc.
Wendell P. Woodring
Wendell Phillips Woodring (13 June 1891, Reading, Pennsylvania – 29 January 1983, Santa Barbara, California) was an American paleontologist and geologist. He gained an international reputation for his research on invertebrate fossils of the Tertiary and in the stratigraphy of the Tertiary in California, Central America, and the Caribbean.

Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification). It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks.
Stratigraphy has three related subfields: lithostratigraphy (lithologic stratigraphy), biostratigraphy (biologic stratigraphy), and chronostratigraphy (stratigraphy by age).

Several principles and laws come into play when using stratigraphy such as Principle of original horizontality, Law of superposition, Cross-cutting relationships, Principle of inclusions, Principle of faunal succession.
Surat Basin
The Surat Basin is a geological basin in eastern Australia. It is part of the Great Artesian Basin drainage basin of Australia. The Surat Basin extends across an area of 270,000 square kilometres and the southern third of the basin occupies a large part of northern New South Wales, the remainder is in Queensland. It comprises Jurassic through to Cretaceous aged sediments derived from Triassic and Permian arc rocks of the Hunter-Bowen orogeny. Towns situated above the basin, once dominated by agriculture, are experiencing a boom as mines and infrastructure in the area are expanded.

Great Artesian Basin
The Great Artesian Basin (GAB) of Australia is the largest and deepest artesian basin in the world, extending over 1,700,000 square kilometres (660,000 sq mi). Measured water temperatures range from 30 to 100 °C (86 to 212 °F). The basin provides the only source of fresh water through much of inland Australia.

The basin underlies 22% of the Australian continent, including most of Queensland, the south-east corner of the Northern Territory, north-eastern South Australia, and northern New South Wales. It is 3000 metres (9800 feet) deep in places and is estimated to contain 64,900 cubic kilometres (15,600 cubic miles) of groundwater. The Great Artesian Basin Coordinating Committee (GABCC) coordinates activity between federal, state/territory, and local levels of government and community organisations.
Marla Lukofsky
Marla Lukofsky (born July 3, 1956) is a Canadian-American stand-up comedian, actress, singer, writer, and keynote speaker. She's one of the pioneers of stand-up comedy in Canada and has performed in every major city in North America, the UK and the first female comedian to headline in Bermuda.

Lukofsky has appeared in a variety of TV shows including An Evening at the Improv with Elliott Gould, The Palace TV Variety Series with Jack Jones and The Alan Thicke Show as well as starring in feature films such as Honeymoon with Nathalie Baye and John Shea and Zero Patience.

Lukofsky was a regular radio columnist on The Vicki Gabereau Show and CBC's 'Basic Black' with host Arthur Black and became the regular last word columnist on CBC's national TV news show Midday with Keith Morrison and Valerie Pringle completing 100 segments. She has voiced in many cartoon series, including the Care Bears TV series and movies, Alf Tales, Super Mario Bros., Pecola and Fugget About It.

Arthur Black (humorist)
Arthur Raymond Black (30 August 1943 – 21 February 2018) was a Canadian humourist and radio personality best known as the longtime host, from 1983 to 2002, of Basic Black on CBC Radio One which had a weekly audience of more than 600,000 listeners. He also wrote a series of 19 humorous books and for 40 years wrote a weekly humour column which began in 1976 in a local Thunder Bay newspaper called Lakehead Living and at its peak was syndicated to more than 50 newspapers in Canada and internationally.
2025 Scottish Greens co-leadership election
A Scottish Greens co-leadership election occurred in the summer of 2025, and Gillian Mackay and Ross Greer were elected as co-leaders. Of the incumbent co-leaders, Lorna Slater failed in her bid for re-election, while Patrick Harvie stood down. Harvie had announced his intention to step down as co-leader on 2 April 2025, but said he would remain in the post until the next scheduled election in the summer. The new co-leaders will help lead the party into the 2026 Scottish Parliament election.

Lorna Slater
Lorna Slater (born 27 September 1975) is a Canadian politician in Scotland who served as Minister for Green Skills, Circular Economy and Biodiversity in the Scottish Government from 2021 to 2024. She was co-leader of the Scottish Greens, alongside Patrick Harvie, from 2019 to 2025, and was one of the first Green politicians in the UK to serve as government ministers.

Slater has been a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Lothian region since 2021. Slater is a candidate for the Edinburgh Central constituency in the newly formed Edinburgh and Lothians East electoral region at the upcoming 2026 Scottish Parliament election.
History of East Africa
The history of East Africa has been divided into its prehistory, the major polities flourishing, the colonial period, and the post-colonial period, in which the current nations were formed. East Africa is the eastern region of Africa, bordered by North Africa, Central Africa, Southern Africa, the Indian Ocean, and the Sahara Desert. Colonial boundaries are reflected in the modern boundaries between contemporary East African states, cutting across ethnic and cultural lines, often dividing single ethnic groups between two or more states.

Taita–Taveta County
Taita–Taveta County is a county in Kenya, located approximately 200 km northwest of Mombasa, and 360 km southeast of Nairobi, it has a port and major gateway to the United Republic of Tanzania through Taveta. The county headquarters are located in Mwatate. It is one of the six counties in  the Coastal region of Kenya. Major towns include Voi, Taveta, Mwatate, and Wundanyi.

The population was 340,671 persons according to the 2019 national census, with population densities ranging from 14 persons per km2 to more than 117 persons per km2. The county's climate is of varied rainfall with the lower zones receiving an average of 440 mm of rainfall per annum and the highland areas receiving up to 1,900 mm of rainfall. The altitude range from 500 m above sea level to 2,300 meters above sea level at Vuria peak, which is the county's highest point.
Crake (surname)
Crake is an English surname. People with this surname include:

Augustine David Crake (1836–1890), English cleric and author known for devotional works and juvenile historical fiction

Francis Crake (1893–1920), British Army and Royal Irish Constabulary officer

Paul Crake (born 1976), Australian racing cyclist

Ralph Crake (1882–1952), Scottish first-class cricketer and British Army officer

William Crake (1852–1921), English footballer

William Crake
William Parry Crake (11 February 1852 – 1 December 1921), sometimes known as William Parry, was an English amateur footballer who won the inaugural FA Cup with the Wanderers in 1872 and played for the English XI against Scotland in the representative matches between 1870 and 1872. By profession, he was a merchant in India.
Alice (sternwheeler)
Alice was a stern-wheel driven steamboat that operated on the Willamette and Columbia rivers in the 1870s and 1880s. Alice was the largest vessel built above Willamette Falls and was considered in its day to be the "Queen of the River". This steamer was rebuilt after near-destruction in a fire at Oregon City, Oregon in May 1873. In 1876, it was withdrawn from the upper Willamette River and transferred to the Columbia River, where it was worked as a towboat moving ocean-going ships to and from Portland and Astoria, Oregon, near the mouth of the Columbia River.

Ben Holladay
Benjamin Holladay (October 14, 1819 – July 8, 1887) was an American transportation businessman responsible for creating the Overland Stage to California during the height of the 1849 California Gold Rush. He created a stagecoach empire and is known in history as the "Stagecoach King".

A native of Kentucky, he also was hired as a private courier to General Alexander Doniphan of Missouri, who refused point-blank to carry out orders to kill the Mormons during the 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. Through Holladay's friendship with Brigham Young, Holladay established a profitable freighting contract to Salt Lake City. His transportation empire later included steamships and railroads in Oregon.
Cola & Pola
Cola & Pola is a Colombian brand of drink. It is a type of shandy, known in Colombia as refajo, that mixes Champagne cola and beer. The drink was introduced in 1993 by Bavaria Brewery. It has an ABV of 2%, making it a low alcohol beer.

Apparently the drink is named after the two components the drink is made of. While the origin of the component cola is obvious, the word 'pola' is widely used in colloquial language to refer to beer. In 1910 Bavaria introduced a beer called 'La Pola', named in honor of a Colombian heroine, Policarpa Salavarrieta, who is known as "La Pola". Its popularity over the years has made "la pola" an informal synonym for beer, regardless the brand.

Alcohol by volume
Alcohol by volume (abbreviated as alc/vol or ABV) is a common measure of the amount of alcohol contained in a given alcoholic beverage. It is defined as the volume the ethanol in the liquid would take if separated from the rest of the solution, divided by the volume of the solution, both at 20 °C (68 °F). Pure ethanol is lighter than water, with a density of 0.78945 g/mL (0.82353 oz/US fl oz; 0.79122 oz/imp fl oz; 0.45633 oz/cu in). The alc/vol standard is used worldwide. The International Organization of Legal Metrology has tables of density of water–ethanol mixtures at different concentrations and temperatures.

In some countries, e.g. France, alcohol by volume is often referred to as degrees Gay-Lussac (after the French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac), although there is a slight difference since the Gay-Lussac convention uses the International Standard Atmosphere value for temperature, 15 °C (59 °F).
James Wells (cricketer)
James Wells (1758–1807) was an English cricketer. Wells was the brother of cricketer John Wells.

Wells made his debut for a team representing Hampshire against an early England team. Wells played seven times for Hampshire as well as ten times for Surrey. His final match for Surrey came in 1800 against England. Wells also played a single important match for a team representing Kent in 1793, against the Marylebone Cricket Club. In addition to playing cricket for the above teams, he also represented Hampshire and Sussex, TA Smith's XI, N to Z and England.

Hampshire county cricket team (pre-1864)
Until 1863, the Hampshire county cricket team, always known as Hampshire, was organised by individual patrons and other groups, particularly the Hambledon Club in the second half of the 18th century. It played important matches from the early 18th century until the formation of Hampshire County Cricket Club on 12 August 1863.
Stepan Degtyarev
Stepan Anikiyevich Degtyarev (Степан Аникиевич Дегтярёв) (1766 – 5 May 1813), was a Russian composer. He was most famous for his nationalistic Russian choral music.

His oratorio Minin and Pozharsky - or the Liberation of Moscow (1811) concerned the 1612 liberation of Moscow from Polish occupation during the Time of Troubles interregnum by the Second Zemschina Army led by Kuzma Minin-Sukhoruk, a fishmonger, and Prince Dmitry Pozharsky.

Dmitry Pozharsky
Dmitry Mikhaylovich Pozharsky (Russian: Дми́трий Миха́йлович Пожа́рский, IPA: [ˈdmʲitrʲɪj mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪtɕ pɐˈʐarskʲɪj]; 17 October 1577 – 30 April 1642) was a Russian prince known for his military leadership during the Polish–Russian War from 1611 to 1612. Pozharsky formed the Second Volunteer Army with Kuzma Minin in Nizhny Novgorod against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth's occupation of Russia during the Time of Troubles, resulting in Polish withdrawal after Russian victory at the Battle of Moscow in 1612. Pozharsky received the unprecedented title of Saviour of the Fatherland from Mikhail I of Russia, becoming a folk hero in Russian culture and honored in the Monument to Minin and Pozharsky in Moscow's Red Square.
Extreme points of Mexico
This is a list of the extreme coordinates of Mexico, the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location.

Easternmost point: 86° 42' 36" W longitude, southeast tip of Isla Mujeres, Quintana Roo.

Westernmost point: 118° 22' 00" W longitude, Roca Elefante at Isla de Guadalupe, in the Pacific Ocean.

Northernmost point: 32° 43' 06" N latitude Monumento 206, near Los Algodones, Baja California, at the United States border.

Southernmost point: 14° 32' 27" N latitude, mouth of Suchiate River, border with Guatemala, in Suchiate, Chiapas.

Suchiate
Suchiate is a municipality in the Mexican state of Chiapas, on the border with Guatemala. It is in the Soconusco region, and is the southernmost municipality both in Chiapas and in all of Mexico. On the eastern edge of the municipality, flowing from north to south, is the Río Suchiate, which forms the international border. Two communities within the municipality are border crossings with Guatemala, Ciudad Hidalgo and Talismán. Ciudad Hidalgo is the municipal seat and has a customs house at the border. Suchiate reported a 2010 census population of 35,056 persons. It has a land area of 606.1 km2 (234.0 sq mi).
Aleksey Fedorchenko
Aleksey Fedorchenko (Russian: Алексе́й Станисла́вович Федо́рченко; born 1966) is a film director from Yekaterinburg, Russia who won accolades at the Venice Film Festival with the mockumentary First on the Moon (2005) and later with Silent Souls (2010), a magical realist tale about the long-extinct Finnic tribe of Merya. His 2012 film Celestial Wives of the Meadow Mari has been selected to be screened in the Vanguard section at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival.

As of 2013, Fedorchenko was involved in producing Space Mowgli, an adaptation of a science fiction novella by the Strugatsky brothers.

Fedorchenko's film Anna's War won the Russian Golden Eagle Award in the Best Film category. He also won the award for Best Director.

Golden Eagle Award for Best Motion Picture
The Golden Eagle Award for Best Motion Picture (Russian: Золотой Орёл за лучший игровой фильм) is one of twenty four award categories presented annually by the National Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences of Russia. It is one of the Golden Eagle Awards, which were conceived by Nikita Mikhalkov as a counterweight to the Nika Award established in 1987 by the Russian Academy of Cinema Arts and Sciences.

Each year the members of the academy choose five nominees. The first film to be awarded was The Cuckoo, a comedy film about the Winter War between Finland and the Soviet Union during World War II. The most recent award was given to Air, in 2024.
Calvert and Porter Woods
The Calvert and Porter Woods Nature Preserve is a 40-acre old-growth forest located in Montgomery County, Indiana, near Crawfordsville. Identified as a surviving fragment of virgin Central Hardwood forest, a woodland type that largely vanished in the 1800s, it was designated as a National Natural Landmark in 1974.

Crawfordsville, Indiana
Crawfordsville (/ˈkrɑːfərdsˌvil/) is a city in Montgomery County in west central Indiana, United States, 49 miles (79 km) west by northwest of Indianapolis. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 16,306. The city is the county seat of Montgomery County, the only chartered city and the largest populated place in the county. It is the principal city of the Crawfordsville, IN Micropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Montgomery County. The city is also part of the Indianapolis–Carmel–Muncie, IN Combined Statistical Area.

The city was founded in 1823 on the bank of Sugar Creek, a southern tributary of the Wabash River and named for U.S. Treasury Secretary William H. Crawford. The city is home to Wabash College, a private liberal arts men's college, and the General Lew Wallace Study & Museum, a National Historic Landmark.
Lansdowne Crescent, London
Lansdowne Crescent is a crescent in Notting Hill, Holland Park, London W11, England. It lies west off Ladbroke Grove (designated the B450).

Lansdowne Crescent was developed in the early 1860s by the Wyatt family. It is named after Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne, a former Chancellor of the Exchequer, Home Secretary and Lord President of the Council.

Crescent (architecture)
A crescent is an architectural structure where a row of residences, typically terraced houses, are laid out in an arc to form a crescent shape. These are planned developments from end to end, some of which, such as the famous Royal Crescent in Bath and the Marino Crescent in Dublin date back to the 1700s.
Amat (name prefix)
Amat (Arabic: امة) is a word meaning "female slave" or "servant", used in conjunction with an Islamic name of God to form a female given name. Examples of such names and their bearers are:

Amat Al Alim Alsoswa (born 1958), Yemeni politician

Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum (1910 – 2000), wife of Shoghi Effendi, Guardian of the Baháʼí Faith

Amatul Kibria Keya Chowdhury, Bangladesh Awami League politician

Amat al-Razzak Hammed, Yemeni Minister for social affairs

Amat-Mamu (fl. c. 1750 BC), Babylonian scribe

Amat Al Alim Alsoswa
Amat Al Alim Alsoswa (Arabic: امة العليم السوسوه; born 27 August 1958) is a Yemeni journalist, and Yemen's first female ambassador and minister.

She served as the Assistant Secretary-General, then Assistant Administrator and Director of UNDP's Regional Bureau for Arab States.
Chinese pond turtle
Mauremys reevesii, commonly known as the Chinese pond turtle, the Chinese three-keeled pond turtle, or Reeves' turtle, is a species of turtle in the family Geoemydidae, a family which was formerly called Bataguridae. The species is native to East Asia.

Alongside the Chinese softshell turtle, it is one of the two most commonly found species used for divination that have been recovered from Shang dynasty sites.

Geoemydidae
The Geoemydidae (formerly known as Bataguridae) are one of the largest and most diverse families in the order Testudines (turtles), with about 70 species. The family includes the Eurasian pond and river turtles and Neotropical wood turtles.
Wisnu Yuli Prasetyo
Wisnu Yuli Prasetyo (born 11 July 1994) is an Indonesian badminton player. He joined the PB Djarum in 2015, and previously played for the Surya Baja Surabaya in East Java. He won his first senior international title at the 2012 Malaysia International tournament, and in 2013, he won the men's singles bronze at the Southeast Asian Games. In 2017, he emerged as the men's singles champion at the National Championships in Pangkal Pinang.

Indonesian National Badminton Championships
The Indonesian National Badminton Championships or officially known as the Kejuaraan Nasional PBSI is a tournament organized by the Badminton Association of Indonesia (PBSI) to crown the best badminton players in Indonesia.