hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Clear Lake State Park (Michigan)
Clear Lake State Park is a public recreation area covering 290 acres (120 ha) in Canada Creek Ranch, Montmorency County, Michigan. The state park occupies two-thirds of the shoreline of spring-fed, 133-acre (54 ha) Clear Lake. It is located within Mackinaw State Forest, which covers the northern eight counties of the Lower Peninsula.

Canada Creek Ranch, Michigan
Canada Creek Ranch is an unincorporated community in Montmorency Township, Montmorency County, in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is a census-designated place (CDP) used for statistical purposes. The population was 258 at the 2020 census, down from 304 in 2010.
Roger Stewart
Roger Tabor Stewart (born October 4, 1931) is an American politician in the state of Iowa. A Democrat, he served in the Iowa Senate for the 13th district between 2003 and 2011.

Stewart served on several committees in the Iowa Senate: the Commerce committee; the Environment and Energy Independence committee; the Rebuild Iowa committee; the Ways and Means committee; and the Economic Growth committee, where he was the chair.

Stewart was re-elected in 2006 with 12,886 votes (65%), defeating Republican opponent Lametta K. Wynn.

2006 Iowa Senate election
The 2006 Iowa Senate election was held on  November 7, 2006.  The Senate seats for the twenty-five odd-numbered districts were up for election.  Senate terms are staggered such that half the membership is elected every two years.  Senators serve four-year terms.  Prior to the election, the Senate was evenly divided between Republicans and Democrats.  Following the election, the Democrats were in the majority - this marked the first time in 42 years that the Democrats had controlled both branches of the Iowa General Assembly and the Governor's Office.
O'Hara Township, Pennsylvania
O'Hara Township is a township with home rule status in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States, six miles northeast of Downtown Pittsburgh. The community was long organized as a township, and retains "Township" in its official name, but adopted a home rule charter in 1973 (taking effect on January 5, 1976) and is no longer subject to the Pennsylvania Township Code. The population was 9,288 at the 2020 census.

It is named for James O'Hara, an early American industrialist in western Pennsylvania, and a Revolutionary War general.

Home rule municipality (Pennsylvania)
In the U.S. commonwealth of Pennsylvania, a home rule municipality is one incorporated under its own unique charter, created pursuant to the state's home rule and optional plans law and approved by referendum.  "Local governments without home rule can only act where specifically authorized by state law; home rule municipalities can act anywhere except where they are specifically limited by state law".  Although many such municipalities have retained the word "Township" or "Borough" in their official names, the Pennsylvania Township and Borough Codes no longer apply to them. All three types of municipalities (cities, boroughs, and townships) may become a home rule municipality.
Peel and Dufferin Regiment
The Peel and Dufferin Regiment was an infantry regiment of the Non-Permanent Active Militia of the Canadian Militia (now the Canadian Army). First organized in 1866 as the 36th Peel Battalion of Infantry, the regiment was reorganized in 1900 as the 36th Peel Regiment. Following the First World War, the regiment was reorganized again in 1920 as The Peel Regiment and for the final time in 1923 as The Peel and Dufferin Regiment. In 1936, the regiment was Amalgamated with The Lorne Rifles (Scottish) to form The Lorne Scots (Peel, Dufferin and Halton Regiment).

Non-Permanent Active Militia
The Non-Permanent Active Militia (NPAM) was the military reserve force of Canada from 1855 to 1940. It was composed of several dozen infantry battalions (redesignated as regiments in 1900) and cavalry regiments. After the withdrawal of British forces from Canada during the turn of the 20th century, supporting corps were created in Canada as part of both the PAM and the NPAM.
1962 Manchester City Council election
Elections to Manchester City Council were held on Thursday, 10 May 1962. One third of the councillors seats were up for election, with each successful candidate to serve a three-year term of office. The Labour Party retained overall control of the council.

Manchester City Council
Manchester City Council is the local authority for the city of Manchester in Greater Manchester, England. Manchester has had an elected local authority since 1838, which has been reformed several times. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. The council has been a member of the Greater Manchester Combined Authority since 2011.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 1971. It is based at Manchester Town Hall.
Makapansgat
Makapansgat (/mʌkʌˈpʌnsxʌt/) (or Makapan Valley World Heritage Site) is an archaeological location within the Makapansgat and Zwartkrans Valleys, northeast of Mokopane in Limpopo province, South Africa. It is an important palaeontological site, with the local limeworks containing Australopithecus-bearing deposits dating to between 3.0 and 2.6 million years BP. The whole Makapan Valley has been declared a South African Heritage Site. Makapansgat belongs to the Cradle of Humankind.

National heritage sites of South Africa
Section 27 of the National Heritage Resources Act (NHRA) of South Africa provides for places of historic or cultural importance to be designated national heritage sites. This came into effect with the introduction of the Act on 1 April 2000, when all former national monuments declared by the former National Monuments Council and its predecessors became provincial heritage sites as provided for in Section 58 of the Act.

Both national and provincial heritage sites are protected under the terms of Section 27 of the NHRA, and a permit is required to work on them.  National heritage sites are declared and administered by the national heritage resources authority, SAHRA;  provincial heritage sites fall within the domain of the various provincial heritage resources authorities.

The SAHRA logo is used to mark national heritage sites.
Michael Williams (guitarist)
Michael Williams is an American guitarist. Mainly a Texas blues-style player, he has opened for Eric Clapton, Robert Cray, Buddy Guy, George Thorogood, Jonny Lang, and others. His 2011 self-released album, Fire Red, was produced by Eddie Kramer. Williams learned to love the blues from his father, who played with an Austin-based band called The Cobras, and was influenced early on by Stevie Ray Vaughan and (after he moved to Seattle) Jimi Hendrix. He uses Divided by 13 amplifiers, and his wah-slide tone on one of Fire Red's songs was made using two Tube Screamers, a wah pedal, and a Bic lighter.

Ibanez Tube Screamer
The Ibanez Tube Screamer is an overdrive pedal made by Ibanez.  First developed by Maxon as a competitor to the Boss OD-1, it was sold outside of Japan under the Ibanez brand and became popular among guitarists for its characteristic mid-boosted tone and amp-like distortion. The Tube Screamer has gone through multiple iterations since its debut in 1979, notably the original TS808 model and its successor, the TS9.  Many guitarists have used it to create their signature sound, and it is considered one of the most successful, widely copied, and modified overdrive pedals in the history of the electric guitar.
Franconia (electoral district)
Franconia was one of the 35 electoral districts (German: Wahlkreise) used to elect members to the Reichstag during the Weimar Republic. It sent members to the Reichstag in nine democratic elections between 1919 and 1933. It existed nominally in the show elections to the Nazi Reichstag until 1938.

It comprised the Regierungsbezirke Upper, Middle and Lower Franconia within the Free State of Bavaria. It was constituency 26 in the numbering scheme.

Middle Franconia
Middle Franconia (German: Mittelfranken, pronounced [ˈmɪtl̩ˌfʁaŋkŋ̍] ⓘ) is one of the three administrative regions of Franconia, Germany, in the west of Bavaria bordering the state of Baden-Württemberg. The administrative seat is Ansbach; the most populous and largest city is Nuremberg.
Femaye
Femaye  is a rural commune of the Cercle of Djenné in the Mopti Region of Mali. The commune includes 21 villages. The principal village (chef-lieu) is Taga.

Taga is 18 km from Djenné but the route is impassable when the Bani River floods.

Mopti Region
Mopti (Fulfulde: 𞤁𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤢𞤤 𞤃𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤼𞤭𞥅, transliterated Diiwal Moobti) is the fifth administrative region of Mali, covering 79,017 km2.  Its capital is the city of Mopti. During the 2012 Northern Mali conflict, the frontier between Southern Mali which is controlled by the central government and the rebel-held North ran through Mopti Region.
Carbacanthographis acanthoparaphysata
Carbacanthographis acanthoparaphysata is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Papua New Guinea, it was formally described as a new species in 2022 by Shirley Cunha Feuerstein and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected by André Aptroot from a primary montane forest in Myola (Owen Stanley Range, Northern Province) at an altitude between 2,100 and 2,400 m (6,900 and 7,900 ft). It is only known to occur at the type locality. The lichen has a whitish-grey to pale yellowish thallus lacking a cortex, but with a black prothallus. Its ascospores number eight per ascus, and are hyaline, measuring 17–20 by 8 μm; they have from 4 to 6 transverse septa and from 0 to 2 longitudinal septa. The specific epithet refers to the paraphyses, which give it an apically warty appearance. Carbacanthographis acanthoparaphysata contains protocetraric acid, a lichen product that can be detected using thin-layer chromatography.

Owen Stanley Range
The Owen Stanley Range is the south-eastern part of the central mountain-chain in Papua New Guinea. Its highest point is Mount Victoria at 4,038 metres (13,248 ft), while its most prominent peak is Mount Suckling.
Lingdale
Lingdale is a village in the unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. The village was created with the advent of ironstone mining in the area, in the early 19th century.

Ceremonial counties of England
Ceremonial counties, formally known as counties for the purposes of the lieutenancies, are areas of England to which lord-lieutenants are appointed.  A lord-lieutenant is the monarch's representative in an area.

Shrieval counties have the same boundaries and serve a similar purpose, being the areas to which high sheriffs are appointed. High sheriffs are the monarch's judicial representative in an area.

The ceremonial counties are defined in the Lieutenancies Act 1997, and the shrieval counties in the Sheriffs Act 1887. Both are defined as groups of counties used for local government.
Brownian sheet
In mathematics, a Brownian sheet or multiparametric Brownian motion is a multiparametric generalization of the Brownian motion to a Gaussian random field. This means we generalize the "time" parameter  of a Brownian motion  from  to .

The exact dimension  of the space of the new time parameter varies from authors. We follow John B. Walsh and define the -Brownian sheet, while some authors define the Brownian sheet specifically only for , what we call the -Brownian sheet.

This definition is due to Nikolai Chentsov, there exist a slightly different version due to Paul Lévy.

Nikolai Chentsov
Nikolai Nikolaevich Chentsov (Russian: Николай Николаевич Ченцов; 19 February 1930 – 5 July 1992), written also as Nikolaj Nikolajevič Čencov, or Nikolai Chentsov, N. N. Čencov for short, was a Soviet mathematician who made important contributions to stochastic processes, convergence theory and information geometry.
Thomas Tymoczko
A. Thomas Tymoczko (September 1, 1943 – August 8, 1996) was a philosopher specializing in logic and the philosophy of mathematics. He taught at Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts, from 1971 until his death in 1996, aged 52.

His publications include New Directions in the Philosophy of Mathematics, an edited collection of essays for which he wrote individual introductions, and Sweet Reason: A Field Guide to Modern Logic, co-authored by Jim Henle. In addition, he published a number of philosophical articles, such as "The Four-Color Problem and its Philosophical Significance", which argues that the increasing use of computers is changing the nature of mathematical proof.

He is considered a member of the fallibilist school in philosophy of mathematics. Philip Kitcher dubbed this school the "maverick" tradition in the philosophy of mathematics. (Paul Ernest)

He completed an undergraduate degree from Harvard University in 1965, and his PhD from the same university in 1972.

Philip Kitcher
Philip Stuart Kitcher (born 20 February 1947) is a British philosopher who is the John Dewey Professor Emeritus of philosophy at Columbia University. He specialises in the philosophy of science, the philosophy of biology, the philosophy of mathematics, and more recently pragmatism.
Mark McCracken
Mark McCracken is an American actor.

McCracken was born in Greensboro, North Carolina and attended the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. He portrayed monsters Mant in Matinee (1993), Pumpkinhead in Pumpkinhead II: Blood Wings (1994) and Balacau in  DNA (1996), also appeared in Randall Wallace's historycal war film We Were Soldiers (2002) as Ed "Too Tall" Freeman. His television credits include Miami Vice, Ellen and The Outer Limits.

Randall Wallace
Randall Wallace (born July 28, 1949) is an American screenwriter, film director and producer who came to prominence by writing the screenplay for the historical drama film Braveheart (1995). His work on the film earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and a Writers Guild of America Award in the same category. He has since directed films such as The Man in the Iron Mask (1998), We Were Soldiers (2002), Secretariat (2010) and Heaven Is for Real (2014).
Rahul Singh (cricketer, born 1997)
Rahul Singh (born 13 September 1997) is an Indian cricketer. He is a slow left-arm orthodox bowler who plays for Assam.

He made his first-class debut for Assam in the 2017–18 Ranji Trophy on 6 October 2017. He made his List A debut for Assam in the 2017–18 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 14 February 2018. In August 2020, he was one of four cricketers from Assam to be selected as part of the 2020 Indian Premier League (IPL). He made his Twenty20 debut on 10 January 2021, for Assam in the 2020–21 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy.

Assam cricket team
The Assam cricket team is a domestic cricket team represents the Indian state of Assam, run by the Assam Cricket Association. The team competes in the first-class tournament Ranji Trophy, limited-overs tournament Vijay Hazare Trophy and the Twenty20, Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy.
Ponderosa Way
The Civilian Conservation Corps built an 800 mile long firebreak called Ponderosa Way during the Great Depression.   This firebreak runs through part of Oregon and California.  The Civilian Conservation Corps was created in 1933 to put unemployed men to work.

Much of Ponderosa Way has fallen into disrepair.  However, the Federal Highway Administration plans to replace a bridge where Ponderosa Way crosses over the North Fork American River at coordinates 38°59′58″N 120°56′23″W﻿ / ﻿38.999542°N 120.939754°W﻿ / 38.999542; -120.939754﻿ (Bridge).  The new bridge will help to reduce erosion by fast moving water around its supports—a problem called bridge scour.

The project is scheduled for completion by the end of 2022.

Federal Highway Administration
The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is a division of the United States Department of Transportation that specializes in highway transportation.  The agency's major activities are grouped into two programs, the Federal-aid Highway Program and the Federal Lands Highway Program. Its role had previously been performed by the Office of Road Inquiry, Office of Public Roads and the Bureau of Public Roads.
Values (heritage)
The values embodied in cultural heritage are identified in order to assess significance, prioritize resources, and inform conservative-restorative decision-making. It is recognised that values may compete and change over time, and that heritage may have different meanings for different stakeholders.

Project stakeholder
Project stakeholders are persons or entities who have an interest in a specific project. According to the Project Management Institute (PMI), the term project stakeholder refers to "an individual, group, or organization, who may affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by a decision, activity, or outcome of a project, program, or portfolio.: Section 3. Definitions  ISO 21500 uses a similar definition.
Jim Parkinson
James Thornley Parkinson (October 23, 1941 – June 26, 2025) was an American lettering artist and type designer in Oakland, California, who was perhaps best known for designing the logo for Rolling Stone.

Fast Company
Fast Company is an American business magazine published monthly in print and online, focusing on technology, business, and design. Founded in 1995, it releases six print issues annually, in addition to various ranking lists, podcasts, newsletters, and paid communities of business executives. As of 2025, Fast Company attracts millions of monthly readers. It is owned by Mansueto Ventures.
Parrobus of Pottole
Parrobus of Pottole, sometimes Patrobos, Patrobus or Patrobas (Greek: Πατροβᾶς), is numbered among the seventy disciples. He was Bishop of Neapolis (Naples) or of Pottole (cf. recounting of Dorotheus below), and is referred to in Scripture when St Paul greets him in his Epistle to the Romans. The Church remembers St. Patrobas on November 5, with his fellow apostles Ss. Hermas, Linus, Gaius and Philologos.

Hermas
Hermas is a masculine given name. Notable people with the name include:

Hermas of Dalmatia (1st century), one of the Seventy Disciples, feast day April 8

Hermas of Philippopolis (1st century), one of the Seventy Disciples, feast day May 31

Hermas (freedman) (2nd century), Christian mystic

Hermas Deslauriers (1879–1941), Canadian physician

It is also a plant genus:

Hermas (plant), a genus in the carrot family Apiaceae
Bruno Santos (footballer, born 1987)
Bruno Luiz dos Santos, commonly known as Bruno Santos is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a left-back for Santo André.

He has previously represented Atlético Goianiense in 2018 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B, Macaé in 2015 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B and 2014 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C and Tupi in 2017 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C.

2018 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B
The 2018 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B was a football competition held in Brazil, equivalent to the second division.

Twenty teams competed in the tournament, twelve returning from the 2017 season, four promoted from the 2017 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C (CSA, Fortaleza, São Bento and Sampaio Corrêa). and four relegated from the 2017 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A (Coritiba, Avaí, Ponte Preta and Atlético Goianiense).

The top four teams were promoted to the 2019 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A. Fortaleza became the first club to be promoted after a 1–2 win against Atlético Goianiense on 3 November 2018. Goiás was promoted on 17 November, and Avaí and CSA on 24 November.
Kay Warren
Kay Barbara Warren (born February 10, 1947) is an American academic anthropologist, known for her extensive research and publications in cultural anthropology studies. Initially trained as an anthropologist specializing in field studies of Latin American and Mesoamerican indigenous cultures, Warren has also written and lectured on an array of broader anthropological topics. These include studies about the impacts on politically marginalized and indigenous communities of social movements, wars and political violence, transnationalism, and foreign aid programs. As of 2009 Warren holds an endowed chair as the Charles C. Tillinghast Jr. ’32 Professor in International Studies at Brown University,. Before joining the faculty at Brown in 2003, Warren held professorships at both Harvard and Princeton universities.

Field research
Field research, field studies, or fieldwork is the collection of raw data outside a laboratory, library, or workplace setting. The approaches and methods used in field research vary across disciplines. For example, biologists who conduct field research may simply observe animals interacting with their environments, whereas social scientists conducting field research may interview or observe people in their natural environments to learn their languages, folklore, and social structures.

Field research involves a range of well-defined, although variable, methods: informal interviews, direct observation, participation in the life of the group, collective discussions, analyses of personal documents produced within the group, self-analysis, results from activities undertaken off- or on-line, and life-histories. Although the method generally is characterized as qualitative research, it may (and often does) include quantitative dimensions.
Cyril Miranda
Cyril Miranda (born 25 March 1985) is a retired  French cross-country skier who made his World Cup debut in 2007. At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, he finished seventh in the team sprint, 16th in the individual sprint, and 38th in the 50 km events.

Miranda's best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was fifth in the team sprint event at Liberec in 2009.

His best World Cup finish was fifth twice with one in 2008 in Sweden and the other in 2009 in Canada.

FIS Cross-Country World Cup
The FIS Cross-Country World Cup is an annual cross-country skiing competition, arranged by the International Ski Federation (FIS) since 1981. The competition was arranged unofficially between 1973 and 1981, although it received provisional recognition on the 31st FIS Congress, 29–30 April 1977 in Bariloche, Argentina.

The first World Cup races were held on 9 January 1982 and were located in Reit im Winkl, West Germany and Klingenthal, East Germany. Bill Koch of the United States and Berit Aunli of Norway were the overall winners in the first season.
Ned Barraud
Ned Barraud (born 1976) is a New Zealand illustrator and writer. He has illustrated a number of children’s non-fiction books. He illustrated the Explore & Discover series, a collection of books by author Gillian Candler and published by Potton & Burton. At the Beach, the first book in the series, won the Elsie Locke Award for Non-Fiction in 2013.

For his book What Happened to the Moa published in 2020, Barraud worked with experts, including museum curator and zoologist Mike Dickison, to ensure the content was as authentic as possible.

In 2024, Barraud and author Katie Furze collaborated on the book, Ruru, Night Hunter, which was published by Scholastic. Ruru, Night Hunter was shortlisted for the New Zealand Book Awards for Children and Young Adults, Elsie Locke Non-Fiction Award in 2025.

Elsie Locke Award for Non-Fiction
The Elsie Locke Non-Fiction Award was first awarded in 2002 by the Library and Information Association of New Zealand Aotearoa (LIANZA). It aimed to encourage the production of the best non-fiction writing for young New Zealanders. The award was previously known as the LIANZA Young People's Non-Fiction Award, before being renamed in honour of Elsie Locke. The LIANZA Elsie Locke Non-Fiction Award became the Elsie Locke Non-Fiction Award when the LIANZA Awards merged with the New Zealand Book Awards for Children and Young Adults in 2016.