hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quaestiones quaedam philosophicae
Quaestiones quaedam philosophicae (Certain philosophical questions) is the name given to a set of notes that Isaac Newton kept for himself during his earlier years in Cambridge. They concern questions in the natural philosophy of the day that interested him. Apart from the light it throws on the formation of his own agenda for research, the major interest in these notes is the documentation of the unaided development of the scientific method in the mind of Newton, whereby every question is put to experimental test.

Pierre Gassendi
Pierre Gassendi (French: [pjɛʁ gasɛ̃di]; also Pierre Gassend or Petrus Gassendus; 22 January 1592 – 24 October 1655) was a French philosopher, Catholic priest, astronomer, and mathematician. While he held a church position in south-east France, he also spent much time in Paris, where he was a leader of a group of free-thinking intellectuals. He was also an active observational scientist, publishing the first data on the transit of Mercury in 1631. The lunar crater Gassendi is named after him.

He wrote numerous philosophical works, and some of the positions he worked out are considered significant, finding a way between skepticism and dogmatism. Richard Popkin indicates that Gassendi was one of the first thinkers to formulate the modern "scientific outlook", of moderated skepticism and empiricism. He clashed with his contemporary Descartes on the possibility of certain knowledge. His best known intellectual project attempted to reconcile Epicurean atomism with Christianity.
McCloud Railway 25
McCloud Railway 25 is a 24 class 2-6-2 "Prairie" type steam locomotive, built in September 1925 by the American Locomotive Company's (ALCO) Schenectady Works for the McCloud River Railroad (MCR). Shortly after retirement, on July 3, 1955, the No. 25 ceremoniously opened the Burney Branch by bursting through a paper banner with a special excursion train. In 1962, No. 25 was restored for excursion service and served in that capacity until passenger service was once again terminated in 1975. It has since been used in the films Bound for Glory and Stand By Me. It is presently in Oregon, providing excursion service on the Oregon Coast Scenic Railroad (OCSR).

Excursion train
An excursion train is a chartered train run for a special event or purpose. Examples are trains to major sporting event, trains run for railfans or tourists, and special trains operated by the railway company for employees and prominent customers.
Criticism of the BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) took its present form on 1 January 1927 when John Reith became its first Director-General. Reith stated that impartiality and objectivity were the essence of professionalism in its broadcasting. Allegations that the corporation lacks impartial and objective journalism have been made by observers on both the left and the right of the political spectrum. Another area of criticism has been the mandatory licence fee, as commercial competitors argue the licence fee is unfair and limits their ability to compete with the BBC.

John Reith, 1st Baron Reith
John Charles Walsham Reith, 1st Baron Reith (/ˈriːθ/; 20 July 1889 – 16 June 1971) was a Scottish broadcasting executive who established the tradition of independent public service broadcasting in the United Kingdom. In 1922, he was employed by the BBC, then the British Broadcasting Company Ltd., as its general manager; in 1923 he became its managing director, and in 1927 he was employed as the Director-General of the British Broadcasting Corporation created under a royal charter. His concept of broadcasting as a way of educating the masses marked for a long time the BBC and similar organisations around the world. An engineer by profession, and standing at 6 feet 6 inches (1.98 m) tall, he was a larger-than-life figure who was a pioneer in his field.
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (album)
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court is a studio album of phonograph records by Bing Crosby and other stars of the Paramount movie A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court featuring songs from the film. All of the songs were written by Jimmy Van Heusen and Johnny Burke.

Jimmy Van Heusen
James Van Heusen (born Edward Chester Babcock; January 26, 1913 – February 6, 1990) was an American composer. He wrote songs for films, television, and theater, and won an Emmy and four Academy Awards for Best Original Song. Many of his compositions later went on to become jazz standards.
Yokohama Kaidashi Kikou
Yokohama Kaidashi Kikou (Japanese: ヨコハマ買い出し紀行; lit. 'Yokohama Shopping Log') is a Japanese science fiction manga series written and illustrated by Hitoshi Ashinano. It was serialized in Kodansha's Monthly Afternoon magazine from April 1994 to February 2006, with a concluding postscript episode in July 2006, and collected in 14 tankōbon volumes. Parts of the story were adapted as two original video animation (OVA) anime series of two episodes each, where the latter one is titled Quiet Country Cafe.

The series depicts the daily life of an android who runs a coffee shop some time after the Earth's ecology has collapsed. It is noted for its sparse pen-and-ink drawing style, as well as its calm, meticulously paced stories and engaging characters. Yokohama Kaidashi Kikou won the 2007 Seiun Award for best science-fiction comic.

Akiko Nakagawa
Akiko Nakagawa (中川 亜紀子, Nakagawa Akiko) is a Japanese voice actress who was born in Sapporo. She is married to Inuyasha music composer Kaoru Wada. She is one of the voice actresses for Miyuki Nanase in Kindaichi Case Files series.
Essential Killing
Essential Killing is a 2010 survival political thriller film co-written and directed by Jerzy Skolimowski and starring Vincent Gallo and Emmanuelle Seigner. Gallo stars as an Islamic insurgent who finds himself fighting for survival in a frozen woodland, pursued by soldiers.

The film received generally positive reviews from critics, with many praising Gallo's performance. The film won several accolades, including the Special Jury Prize at the 67th Venice International Film Festival, while Gallo also won the Volpi Cup for Best Actor.

Volpi Cup for Best Actor
The Volpi Cup for Best Actor (Italian: Coppa Volpi per la migliore interpretazione maschile) is the principal award given to actors at the Venice Film Festival and is named in honor of Count Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata, the founder of the Venice Film Festival. The name and number of prizes have been changed several times since their introduction, ranging from two to four awards per edition and sometimes acknowledging both leading and supporting performances.
Henna Virkkunen
Henna Maria Virkkunen (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈhenːɑ ˈmɑriɑ ˈʋirkːunen]; born 4 June 1972) is a Finnish politician who serves as Executive Vice-President of the European Commission for Technological Sovereignty, Security and Democracy, and European Commissioner for Digital and Frontier Technologies in the von der Leyen II Commission since December 2024.

A member of the center-right National Coalition Party, part of the European People's Party, she was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2014 to 2024. From 2007 to 2014 she sat in the Parliament of Finland, during which she held several ministerial portfolios across three successive cabinets, including Minister of Education, Minister of Public Administration and Local Government, and later Minister of Transport and Local Government.

Von der Leyen Commission II
The second von der Leyen Commission is the current European Commission, in office since 1 December 2024. It consists of one commissioner from each of the member states of the European Union – including Ursula von der Leyen, its president, who is from Germany.

The Commission was approved by the European Parliament on 27 November with 51% of the majority, the least supported European Commission by the Parliament since 1993, when it was given the right to vote on the college.
Fort Santo Estevão
Fort Santo Estevão (Fortaleza de Santo Estevão in Portuguese) is a military structure erected in Santo Estevão Island, in Goa, by the Portuguese.

Built on the highest point of Santo Estevão Island, it was originally built as a watchtower to guard the Mandovi River, in 1550. It was the easternmost defensive structure in the Velhas Conquistas. After the first Maratha incursions against Goa, in 1666-1668, The structure was expanded into a small fort. In 1683, the Marathas attacked Goa and managed to breach into the island of Santo Estevão because the corps of auxiliaries tasked with defending it fled from their enemy. The Marathas captured the fort and massacred its garrison.

After the annexation of the Novas Conquistas, the fort lost its military purpose. It was abandoned in 1811 by decree of the Viceroy of India Dom Bernardo José Maria da Silveira e Lorena.

Restoration works were undertaken on the fort in 2012.

Mandovi River
The Mandovi (IPA: Konkani pronunciation: [maːɳɖɔwĩː]) or Mahadayi (IPA: Kannada pronunciation: [məɦəd̪ɑːji]),  formerly known as the Rio de Goa, is a river described as the lifeline of the Indian state of Goa. The Mandovi and the Zuari are the two principal rivers in the state of Goa. The Mandovi joins the Zuari at a common creek at Cabo Aguada, forming the Mormugao harbour. Panaji, the state capital, and Old Goa, the former capital of Goa, are both situated on the left bank of the Mandovi.
Waikato District Health Board ransomware attack
In mid-May 2021 hospital computer systems and phone lines run by the Waikato District Health Board (DHB) in New Zealand were affected by a ransomware attack. On 25 May, an unidentified group claimed responsibility for the hack and issued an ultimatum to the Waikato DHB, having obtained sensitive data about patients, staff and finances. The Waikato DHB and New Zealand Government ruled out paying the ransom.

Stuff (company)
Stuff Limited (previously Fairfax New Zealand) is a privately held news media company operating in New Zealand. It operates Stuff, the country's largest news website, and owns nine daily newspapers, including New Zealand's second and third-highest circulation daily newspapers, The Post and The Press, and the highest circulation weekly, Sunday Star-Times. Magazines published include TV Guide, New Zealand's top-selling weekly magazine. Stuff also owns social media network Neighbourly.

Stuff has been owned by Sinead Boucher since 31 May 2020. It was called Fairfax New Zealand Limited until 1 February 2018. In December 2024, Stuff was restructured into two separate print and digital media divisions: Masthead Publishing and Stuff Digital. In June 2025, online retailer Trade Me acquired a 50 percent stake in Stuff Digital, with Stuff's property section being rebranded as Trade Me Property.
Santa Cruz County Science and Engineering Fair
The Santa Cruz County Science and Engineering Fair, previously known as the Santa Cruz County Science Fair, is a science fair held annually at the Santa Cruz County Fairgrounds. The top 10 students from elementary and junior high schools in Santa Cruz County are invited to participate, and high school students can enter projects into the fair without competing at their school science fair. The primary sponsor of the fair in 2019 was Plantronics, although the fair receives donations and volunteer judges from many local businesses and educational institutions.

Students from the Santa Cruz County Science and Engineering Fair have been very successful at the California State Science Fair. Santa Cruz County was allocated 38 projects in 2019.

Beginning in 2023, the event moved beyond the traditional Science and Engineering fair model to fully embrace the "Arts" and "Math" components of STEAM

Plantronics
Plantronics, Inc. is an American electronics company producing audio communications equipment for business and consumers. Its products support unified communications, mobile use, gaming and music. Plantronics is headquartered in Santa Cruz, California, and most of its products are produced in China and Mexico.

On March 18, 2019, Plantronics announced that it would change its name to Poly following its acquisition of Polycom, although it continues to trade on the New York Stock Exchange as Plantronics, Inc. (POLY; listed as PLT until May 24, 2021).

On March 28, 2022, HP Inc. announced its intent to acquire Poly for $1.7 billion in cash as it looks to bolster its hybrid work offerings, such as headsets and videoconferencing hardware. Including debt, the deal valued at $3.3 billion and closed in August 2022.
Fakawi
Fakawi is a Maltese glam cover band active since the late 1990s.

The current line-up is Paul (in Maltese, Pawlu) Borg Bonaci, lead vocals and guitar, Antonio Ghio, bass and backing vocals, Mark Attard, keyboards, Rueben Navarro, drums and Ryan Buttigieg, percussions.

The original line-up included Fabrizio Giorgio on drums replaced by Navarro in 2003 when Giorgio moved to Australia to pursue a degree in Commercial Music Performance (percussion).

Fakawi  have featured annually as the closing act on the Rock Stage at the Farsons Beer Festival. The band has also become a regular performer at the yearly Nadur Carnival held on Malta's sister island, Gozo.

Frontman Paul Borg Bonaci performs with other musical acts in Malta such as Xirka Rock (with Fakawi keyboardist Mark Attard) and impersonates the comical character Johnny l-kajboj on the national TV talk show Xarabank.

Xarabank
Xarabank was a prime time talk show produced by Where's Everybody that aired every Friday on the Maltese national television station TVM, till 2020. The show was presented by Peppi Azzopardi, and later by Mark Laurence Zammit. Various topics are discussed, from politics to hobbies.
Football at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Men's European Qualifiers – Group 1
The 1964 Summer Olympics football qualification – Europe Group 1 was one of the five European groups in the Summer Olympics football qualification tournament to decide which teams would qualify for the 1964 Summer Olympics football finals tournament in Japan. Group 1 consisted of five teams: Albania, Bulgaria, Denmark, Luxembourg and Romania. The teams played home-and-away knockout matches. Romania qualified for the Summer Olympics football finals after defeating Bulgaria 3–1 on aggregate in the second round.

Romania Olympic football team
The Romania Olympic football team represents Romania in international football competitions in Olympic Games. The selection is limited to players under the age of 23, except for three overage players. The team is controlled by the Romanian Football Federation. Having qualified for four Olympic competitions since 1924, Romania ranked fifth in 1964 (its best result).
Ranjit Dutta
Ranjit Dutta (born 24 January 1957) is an Indian politician from the state of Assam. He is presently a Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha) since 2024. He was a minister in the Sarbananda Sonowal-led government of Assam from 2016 to 2021.

Government of Assam
The Government of Assam or Assam Government abbreviated as GoAS, is the state government of  the Indian state of Assam. It consists of the Governor appointed by the President of India as the head of the state, currently Lakshman Prasad Acharya. The head of government is the Chief Minister, currently Dr. Himanta Biswa Sarma, who is the leader of the group that commands a majority in the unicameral Assam Legislative Assembly. The Assam Assembly is elected by universal adult suffrage for a period of five years. The Chief Minister is assisted by a Council of Ministers that he nominates, the size of which is restricted.

In 2021, the National Democratic Alliance won a majority of seats in the legislature, with 75 seats, followed by Congress with 29 seats and AIUDF with 16.
Sega Genesis Classics
Sega Genesis Classics (released as Sega Mega Drive Classics in PAL regions) is a series of compilations featuring Sega Genesis video games released for Windows, Linux, macOS, PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Nintendo Switch. The collections are split into "Volumes" for PC releases only, with the first four receiving both physical and digital releases and the fifth volume only being digitally released.

Video game compilation
A video game compilation is a type of product bundling in which different video games are available for purchase as a special collection. They are often stored on the same physical media or digital package, making use of menu interfaces that allow players to select the game they want to play. They are a form of video game preservation.
Kafr El Sheikh
Kafr El Sheikh (Egyptian Arabic: كفر الشيخ pronounced [kɑfɾ eʃˈʃeːx]) ("village of the Sheikh") is an Egyptian city and the capital of Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, about 134 km north of Cairo, in the Nile Delta of lower Egypt. As of 2023, the city had a population of around 186,857.

Kafr El Sheikh was earlier known as Duminqun (Egyptian Arabic: دمينقون), but was officially named Fuadiyah or Fouadiyah (Egyptian Arabic: فؤاديه) in honour of King Fuad I of Egypt. After the 1952 Revolution and the subsequent abolition of the monarchy, the governorate took the name of its capital city Kafr El Sheikh. This name, adopted in 1955, means "the village of the chief". In 2006 the University of Kafr El Sheikh was established.

Nile Delta
The Nile Delta (Arabic: دلتا النيل, Delta an-Nīl or simply الدلتا, ad-Delta) is the delta formed in Lower Egypt where the Nile River spreads out and drains into the Mediterranean Sea. It is one of the world's largest deltas. From Alexandria in the west to Port Said in the east; it covers 240 km (150 mi) of the Mediterranean coastline and is a rich agricultural region. From north to south the delta is approximately 160 km (100 mi) in length. The Delta begins from Cairo.
Christian-Georg Warlich
Christian-Georg Warlich (born 4 October 1957) is a retired lightweight rower who competed for West Germany. In the lightweight men's single sculls, he was German champion on seven occasions (1978 to 1980 and 1984 to 1987). He became world champion in this boat class at the 1980 World Rowing Championships. He rows for Blankenstein RV (Ruderverein).

1980 World Rowing Championships
The 1980 World Rowing Championships were World Rowing Championships that were held in August 1980 at Hazewinkel in Heindonk, Belgium. Since 1980 was an Olympic year for rowing, the World Championships did not include the 14 Olympic classes scheduled for the 1980 Summer Olympics. Only the four lightweight men's event formed part of the competition, and all finals were raced on 16 August.
Thompson-Ray House
Thompson-Ray House is a historic home located at Gas City, Indiana.  It was built between 1902 and 1906, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, Late Victorian Free Classic style brick and stone dwelling. It has a cruciform plan and gable roof.  It features porches with multiple classical columns and a porte cochere.: 5

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

It currently is owned by Leadership Education and Development (LEAD) Inc., and houses an office for Greater Grant County Chamber of Commerce.

Porte-cochère
A porte-cochère (/ˌpɔːrt koʊˈʃɛr/; French: [pɔʁt.kɔ.ʃɛʁ]; lit. 'coach gateway'; pl. porte-cochères – pl. portes-cochères) is a doorway to a building or courtyard, "often very grand," through which vehicles can enter from the street or a covered porch-like structure at a main or secondary entrance to a building through which originally a horse and carriage and today a motor vehicle can pass to provide arriving and departing occupants protection from the elements.

Portes-cochères are still found on such structures as major public buildings and hotels, providing covered access for visitors and guests arriving by motorized transport.

A porte-cochère, a structure for vehicle passage, is to be distinguished from a portico, a columned porch or entry for human, rather than vehicular, traffic.
Teodor Teodorov
Teodor Ivanov Teodorov (Bulgarian: Теодор Теодоров; 8 April 1859, Elena – 5 August 1924) was a leading Bulgarian politician and legal expert who served as Prime Minister of Bulgaria immediately after the First World War.

He was Minister of Finance from 1897 to 1899 and from 1911 to 1913.

Teodorov first came to prominence through his support for reform of the Bulgarian legal system and took part in a Commission set up in 1911 that eventually produced the Administrative Justice Law that established a Supreme Court.

He was called in to head a coalition government after the resignation of Aleksandar Malinov on 28 November 1918 and struggled to keep order in the defeated country. Initially an opponent of Aleksandar Stamboliyski, he was later forced to admit the Agrarian Peoples Union leader into the Cabinet and was ultimately succeeded as prime minister by him. Teodorov was to play no further role in Bulgarian politics.

Elena (town)
Elena (Bulgarian: Елена [ɛˈlɛnɐ]) is a Bulgarian town in the central Stara Planina mountain in Veliko Tarnovo Province, located 42 km (26 miles) southeast of Veliko Tarnovo. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Elena Municipality. The area is also a mountain resort, known for the typical local cuisine. As of December 2009, the town had a population of 5,665. It forms a terminal for the Gorna Oryahovitsa-Elena railway line.
Alexis Ohanian
Alexis Kerry Ohanian (born April 24, 1983) is an American internet entrepreneur and investor. He is best known as the co-founder and former executive chairman of the social media site Reddit along with Steve Huffman and Aaron Swartz. He also co-founded the early-stage venture capital firm Initialized Capital, helped launch the travel search website Hipmunk and started the social enterprise Breadpig. He was also a partner at the startup accelerator and venture capital firm Y Combinator.

Ohanian is based in Florida where he lives with his wife, former tennis player Serena Williams and their daughters, Alexis Olympia Ohanian and Adira River Ohanian.

As of 2024, Ohanian's net worth is estimated at $150 million.

Startup accelerator
Startup accelerators, also known as seed accelerators, are fixed-term, cohort-based programs, that include mentorship and educational components, and (sometimes) culminate in a public pitch event or demo day. While traditional business incubators are often government-funded, generally take no equity, and rarely provide funding, accelerators can be either privately or publicly funded and cover a wide range of industries. Unlike business incubators, the application process for seed accelerators is open to anyone, but is highly competitive. There are specific accelerators, such as corporate accelerators, which are often subsidiaries or programs of larger corporations that act like seed accelerators.
Çaltı
Çaltı is a village in the Söğüt District, Bilecik Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,074 (2021). It is a few kilometers south of Sakarya River. The distance to Söğüt is 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) and the distance to Bilecik is 38 kilometres (24 mi). The settlement was founded by Yörüks (Nomadic Turkmens). The name of the town refers to a scrubby (Turkish: çalılık) hill at the east of the town. The settlement was declared a town (belde) in 1972. At the 2013 reorganisation, it became a village again.

Bilecik
Bilecik is a city in northwestern Anatolia, Turkey. It is the seat of Bilecik Province and Bilecik District. Its population is 74,457 (2021). The mayor is Melek Mızrak Subaşı (CHP).

The town is famous for its numerous restored Turkish houses. It is increasingly becoming more attractive to tourists. With its rich architectural heritage, Bilecik is a member of the European Association of Historic Towns and Regions. 30 kilometres (19 miles) southeast from Bilecik is Söğüt, a small town, where the Ottoman Empire was founded in 1299 under the Turkoman chief Osman Gazi.