hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Food contaminant
A food contaminant is a harmful chemical or microorganism present in food, which can cause illness to the consumer.

The impact of chemical contaminants on consumer health and well-being is often apparent only after many years of processing and prolonged exposure at low levels (e.g., cancer). Unlike food-borne pathogens, chemical contaminants present in foods are often unaffected by thermal processing. Chemical contaminants can be classified according to the source of contamination and the mechanism by which they enter the food product.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) is any member of a class of organic compounds that is composed of multiple fused aromatic rings. Most are produced by the incomplete combustion of organic matter—by engine exhaust fumes, tobacco, incinerators, in roasted meats and cereals, or when biomass burns at lower temperatures as in forest fires. The simplest representative is naphthalene, having two aromatic rings, and the three-ring compounds anthracene and phenanthrene. PAHs are uncharged, non-polar and planar. Many are colorless. Many of them are also found in fossil fuel deposits such as coal and in petroleum. Exposure to PAHs can lead to different types of cancer, to fetal development complications, and to cardiovascular issues.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are discussed as possible starting materials for abiotic syntheses of materials required by the earliest forms of life.
Perrance Shiri
Perrance Shiri (born Bigboy Samson Chikerema; 11 January 1955 – 29 July 2020) was a Zimbabwean air officer and government official who served as Minister of Lands, Agriculture and Rural Resettlement in the Cabinet of Zimbabwe from 1 December 2017 until his death on 29 July 2020. He was the commander of the Air Force of Zimbabwe and member of the Joint Operations Command which exerts day-by-day control over Zimbabwe's government.

Perrance Shiri was a cousin of former President Robert Mugabe. He called himself "Black Jesus", because according to an anonymous claim on the BBC Panorama documentary "The Price of Silence", he "could determine your life like Jesus Christ. He could heal, raise the dead, whatever. So he claimed to be like that because he could say if you live or not."

On 30 November 2017, Shiri was appointed Minister of Agriculture by President Emmerson Mnangagwa. On 18 December he was promoted from Air Marshal to Air Chief Marshal upon retirement.

Air officer
An air officer is an air force officer of the rank of air commodore or higher. Such officers may be termed "officers of air rank". While the term originated in the Royal Air Force, air officers are also to be found in many Commonwealth nations who have a similar rank structure to the RAF.

Air officers holding command appointments receive the title Air Officer Commanding (AOC), whereas air officers holding commander-in-chief positions are titled as Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief (AOC-in-C).
The Art of the Improvisers
The Art of the Improvisers is an album credited to jazz composer and saxophonist Ornette Coleman, released by Atlantic Records in 1970. The album was assembled without Coleman's input, comprising outtakes from recording sessions of 1959 to 1961 for The Shape of Jazz to Come, Change of the Century, This Is Our Music, Ornette!, and Ornette on Tenor. Recording sessions in 1959 took place at Radio Recorders in Hollywood, California; those in 1960 and 1961 at Atlantic Studios in New York City.

Atlantic Studios
Atlantic Studios is the recording studio network of Atlantic Records. Although the historic recording studio was located at 1841 Broadway (at the corner of 60th Street), in New York City, Atlantic Recording Studios was initially located at 234 West 56th Street from November 1947 until mid-1956. When the Shorty Rogers and His Giants album Martians Come Back! was issued in August 1956, the address of Atlantic Recording Studios had relocated to 157 West 57th Street. The studio was the first to record in stereo due to the efforts of Tom Dowd. The new Atlantic Studios includes a network of label-operated studios spanning New York, Atlanta, and California.
Radha Raman (politician)
Radha Raman was an Indian politician and freedom fighter of Indian National Congress who served as Member of the 1st Lok Sabha (1952-57) from Delhi (Walled) City and the 2nd Lok Sabha 1957-62 from Chandni Chowk Lok Sabha constituency and President of Delhi Pradesh Congress Committee before independence as well as after independence on 24 March 1970. He also served as Chief Executive Councillor of Delhi (now known as Chief Minister of Delhi) from 1972 to 1977. He was the first politician to represent Chandni Chowk in the Lok Sabha.

Order of precedence in India
The order of precedence of the Republic of India is a list in which the functionaries, dignitaries and officials are listed for ceremonial purposes and has no legal standing and does not reflect the Indian presidential line of succession or the co-equal status of the separation of powers under the Constitution of India. The order is established by the President of India, through the President's Secretariat and is maintained by the Ministry of Home Affairs.

The order in the Table of Precedence is meant for State and Ceremonial occasions and has no application in the day-to-day business of Government.
Hilltown, Virginia
Hilltown is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Grayson and Carroll counties, Virginia, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 216.

The CDP straddles eastern Grayson and western Carroll counties, along Virginia State Route 94. It is bordered to the west by Stevens Creek and to the south by Fries. Hilltown is 9 miles (14 km) northwest of Galax and 25 miles (40 km) south of Wytheville. The New River passes within one mile of Hilltown to the south and east.

Fries, Virginia
Fries (pronounced "freeze") is an incorporated town located on the New River in Grayson County, Virginia, United States, 15.5 miles (24 kilometers) northeast of the county seat of Independence — in Virginia's Blue Ridge Highlands and on Virginia's musical heritage trail, The Crooked Road.

As of the 2020 census, Fries had a population of 450.

Named after prominent cotton mill owner, Francis Henry Fries, the town is noted as the former site of Washington Mill (1903-1989); as one of three end points of the New River Trail State Park and as the host of annual music festivals reflecting its strong bluegrass and country music traditions — with its August Old-Time Fiddlers' and Bluegrass Convention and its September Festival by the New River.
Jesus' Son (short story collection)
Jesus' Son is a collection of short fiction by Denis Johnson published in 1992 by Farrar, Straus & Giroux. A short story cycle comprising 11 pieces, Jesus' Son is Johnson's most critically acclaimed and popular literary effort, and the work with which Johnson is most identified. It was adapted into a 1999 film by Elizabeth Cuthrell, David Urrutia, and Oren Moverman, directed by Alison Maclean.

Short story cycle
A short story cycle (sometimes referred to as a story sequence or composite novel) is a collection of short stories in which the narratives are specifically composed and arranged with the goal of creating an enhanced or different experience when reading the group as a whole as opposed to its individual parts. Short story cycles are different from novels because the parts that would make up the chapters can all stand alone as short stories, each individually containing a beginning, middle and conclusion. When read as a group there is a tension created between the ideas of the individual stories, often showing changes that have occurred over time or highlighting the conflict between two opposing concepts or thoughts. Because of this dynamic, the stories need to have an awareness of what the other stories accomplish; therefore, cycles are usually written with the express purpose of creating a cycle as opposed to being gathered and arranged later.
Tasmanian short-beaked echidna
The Tasmanian short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus setosus) is a subspecies of short-beaked echidna endemic to Tasmania.

It was first described by Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire in 1803 as Echidna setosa, from two specimens, one of which was found in or near Bruny Island. Jackson and others (2021) review the taxonomy of this animal and redefine various type specimens.

Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (French pronunciation: [etjɛn ʒɔfʁwa sɛ̃t‿ilɛʁ]; 15 April 1772 – 19 June 1844) was a French naturalist who established the principle of "unity of composition".  He was a colleague of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and expanded and defended Lamarck's evolutionary theories.  Geoffroy's scientific views had a transcendental flavor (unlike Lamarck's materialistic views) and were similar to those of German morphologists like Lorenz Oken. He believed in the underlying unity of organismal design, and the possibility of the transmutation of species in time, amassing evidence for his claims through research in comparative anatomy, paleontology, and embryology. He is considered as a predecessor of the evo-devo evolutionary concept.
Yana Urqu (Lima)
Yana Urqu (Quechua yana black, urqu mountain, "black mountain", also spelled Yana Orco) is mountain in the Cordillera Central in the Andes of Peru which reaches a height of approximately  4,800 metres (15,748 ft). It is located in the Lima Region, Yauyos Province,  Laraos District. Yana Urqu lies northwest of Uchku and a lake named Pumaqucha.

Lake Pumacocha (Lima)
Lake Pumacocha (possibly from Quechua puma cougar, puma, qucha lake) is a lake in Peru located in Laraos District, Yauyos Province, Lima. It has an elevation of 4,388 m and about 2 km long. Sima Pumaqucha which is considered the deepest cave in the Andes is located near the lake.
I Can't Wait (Deniece Williams song)
"I Can't Wait" is a song recorded by Deniece Williams for her 1988 album As Good As It Gets. Produced by George Duke, the song was released as a single in 1988 by Columbia Records, reaching number 8 on the US Billboard Hot Black Singles chart.

George Duke
George Martin Duke (January 12, 1946 – August 5, 2013) was an American keyboardist, composer, singer-songwriter and record producer. He worked with numerous artists as arranger, music director, writer and co-writer, record producer and as a professor of music. He first made a name for himself with the album The Jean-Luc Ponty Experience with the George Duke Trio. He is known for his 32 solo albums, as well as for his collaborations with other musicians like Stanley Clarke and (his cousin) Dianne Reeves, but particularly with composer, guitarist and bandleader Frank Zappa.
Felisberto Hernández
Felisberto Hernández (October 20, 1902 – January 13, 1964) was an Uruguayan writer, composer, and pianist, regarded as one of the most distinctive and original figures in 20th-century Latin American literature.

Latin American literature
Latin American literature consists of the oral and written literature of Latin America in several languages, particularly in Spanish, Portuguese, and the indigenous languages of Latin America. Latin American literature rose to particular prominence globally during the second half of the 20th century, largely due to the international success of the style known as magical realism. As such, the region's literature is often associated solely with this style, with the 20th century literary movement known as Latin American Boom, and with its most famous exponent, Gabriel García Márquez. Latin American literature has a rich and complex tradition of literary production that dates back many centuries.
History of education in the Indian subcontinent
Education in the Indian subcontinent began with the teaching of traditional subjects, including Indian religions, mathematics, and logic. Early Hindu and Buddhist centers of learning, such as the ancient Takshashila (in modern-day Pakistan), Nalanda (in India), Mithila (in India and Nepal), Vikramshila, Telhara, and Shaunaka Mahashala in the Naimisharanya forest, served as key sites for education. Islamic education became prominent with the establishment of Islamic empires in the region during the Middle Ages. Later, Europeans introduced Western education during the colonial period in India.

Sanskrit and Vedic learning in Mithila
Sanskrit and Vedic learning, also called Vedic studies, started in Mithila with the expansion of Vedic and Brahmanic culture eastwards along the Ganges plain. From the 12th/13th to 15th century CE, Mithila was an important centre of Nyaya Shastra and logical sciences.
Richard Douglas (civil servant)
Sir Richard Philip Douglas CB (born 20 November 1956 in York, Yorkshire) is a British former senior civil servant and influential health leader. He previously served as Director General for Finance, Strategy and the NHS at the Department of Health.

Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy
The Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy (CIPFA) is a UK based organisation for accountants who work in the public sector, accounting firms and other professional bodies where management of public funds are required. CIPFA is the only UK professional accountancy organisation who is dedicated to public financial management. They currently have approximately 14,000 members. They offer qualifications including a professional qualification for public sector accountants as well as a postgraduate diploma for people already working in management.

CIPFA is a member of the Consultative Committee of Accountancy Bodies, the umbrella organisation for the British accountancy profession. It also belongs to the International Federation of Accountants.

CIPFA's regional branches cover the Channel Islands, Europe, Midlands, North East, North West & North Wales, Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland, Scotland, South East, South West & South Wales and Yorkshire & the Humber.
Inkeroinen railway station
The Inkeroinen railway station (Finnish: Inkeroisten rautatieasema, Swedish: Inkeroinen järnvägsstation, formerly Inkerois) is located in the town of Kouvola (formerly the town of Anjalankoski), Finland, in the urban area of Inkeroinen. It is located along the Kouvola–Kotka railway, and its neighboring stations are Myllykoski in the north and Tavastila in the south.

Urban areas in Finland
In Finland, an urban area or statistical locality (Finnish: taajama, Swedish: tätort) is defined as a cluster of dwellings with at least 200 inhabitants. It may be a city, town or larger village and is a purely statistical concept, not defined by municipal or regional boundaries.

The largest urban area in Finland is the Helsinki urban area with over 1.3 million inhabitants in 2019. It extends across Helsinki as well as ten other municipalities in the Helsinki metropolitan area. The second largest is the Tampere urban area with about 342,000 inhabitants in 2019, and the third largest is the Turku urban area with about 278,000 inhabitants in 2019.

The presence of urban areas is used to regulate traffic, with a default of 50 kilometres per hour (31 mph) speed limit inside an urban area and 80 kilometres per hour (50 mph) outside. Each major road leading in or out of an urban area is marked with a road sign.
Argyroploce lediana
Argyroploce lediana is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It was described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. It is found in Scandinavia, northern Russia, the Baltic region, Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria and Romania. In the east, the range extends to Japan.

The wingspan is 12–16 mm. Adults are on wing from June to July.

The larvae feed on Ledum palustre.

Rhododendron tomentosum
Rhododendron tomentosum (syn. Ledum palustre), commonly known as marsh Labrador tea, northern Labrador tea, marsh rosemary  or wild rosemary, is a flowering plant in the subsection Ledum of the large genus Rhododendron in the family Ericaceae.
United States Post Office (Cooper Station)
The United States Post Office Cooper Station, located at 93 Fourth Avenue, on the corner of East 11th Street in Manhattan, New York City, was built in 1937, and was designed by consulting architect William Dewey Foster in the Art Moderne style for the Office of the Supervising Architect of the United States Department of the Treasury.  It serves the 10003 ZIP code, which covers the neighborhood of the East Village. Its sub-station is located on East 3rd Street near Avenue C.

The post office is named in honor of Peter Cooper, the mid-19th century industrialist and philanthropist who founded the nearby The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Streamline Moderne
Streamline Moderne is an international style of Art Deco architecture and design that emerged in the 1930s. Inspired by aerodynamic design, it emphasized curving forms, long horizontal lines, and sometimes nautical elements. In industrial design, it was used in railroad locomotives, telephones, buses, appliances, and other devices to give the impression of sleekness and modernity.

In France, it was called the style paquebot, or "ocean liner style", and was influenced by the design of the luxury ocean liner SS Normandie, launched in 1932.
Nizamabad Lok Sabha constituency
Nizamabad Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 17 Lok Sabha (Lower House of the Parliament) constituencies in Telangana state in southern India.

Dharmapuri Arvind of Bharatiya Janata Party is currently representing the constituency.

Karimnagar district
Karimnagar district, also known as Elagandula district, is one of the 33 districts of the Indian state of Telangana. Karimnagar city is its administrative headquarters. The district shares boundaries with Peddapalli, Jagityal, Sircilla, Siddipet, Jangaon, Hanamkonda district and Jayashankar Bhupalapally districts.
TradeWinds
TradeWinds is the world's biggest shipping news service, publishing both online news and a printed weekly newspaper, that covers shipping as a global industry. TradeWinds has 474,000 monthly unique users and 6,730 print subscribers. TradeWinds is owned by the DN Media Group and is headquartered in Oslo. They also have an office in London at Fenchurch Street.

Fenchurch Street
Fenchurch Street is a street in London, England, linking Aldgate at its eastern end with Lombard Street and Gracechurch Street in the west. It is a well-known thoroughfare in the City of London financial district and is the site of many corporate offices and headquarters. The name "Fenchurch" means "church in the fenny or marshy ground" and presumably refers to St Gabriel Fenchurch, which stood at the junction of Fenchurch Street and Cullum Street until it was destroyed by the Great Fire.

To the south of Fenchurch Street and towards its eastern end is Fenchurch Street railway station, a mainline terminus with services towards east London and Essex. Other notable sites include the commercial buildings at 20 Fenchurch Street and 30 Fenchurch Street (formerly known as Plantation Place).
Marlies Oberholzer
Marlies Oberholzer (born 25 April 1958 in Goldingen) is a retired Swiss alpine skier who competed in the 1976 Winter Olympics.

Marlies Oberholzer grew up in Goldingen SG, practically next to the mountain railroads at Atzmännig. Her father was operations manager there for 30 years. At a young age she joined the Goldingen ski club. Later she moved to Wangen.

1976 Winter Olympics
The 1976 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XII Olympic Winter Games (German: XII. Olympische Winterspiele, French: XIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver) and commonly known as Innsbruck 1976 (Austro-Bavarian: Innschbruck 1976), were a winter multi-sport event celebrated in Innsbruck, Austria, from February 4 to 15, 1976. The games were awarded to Innsbruck after Denver, the original host city, withdrew in 1972. This was the second time the Tyrolean capital had hosted the Winter Olympics, having first done so in 1964.
Fellowship of Reformed Baptist Churches in New Zealand
The Fellowship of Reformed Baptist Churches in New Zealand is a Reformed Baptist denomination in New Zealand. It holds to the early creeds the Apostles Creed, Athanasian Creed and Nicene Creed, and also to the Reformation distinctives, the Belgic Confession, the Canons of Dort, Heidelberg Catechism and the Westminster Confession of Faith and also to the five solae. The 1689 Baptist Confession of Faith is the Reformed Baptist Confession.

Heidelberg Catechism
The Heidelberg Catechism (1563), one of the Three Forms of Unity, is a Reformed catechism taking the form of a series of questions and answers for use in teaching Reformed Christian doctrine. It was published in 1563 in Heidelberg, Germany.: 230  Its original title translates to Catechism, or Christian Instruction, according to the Usages of the Churches and Schools of the Electoral Palatinate. Commissioned by the prince-elector of the Electoral Palatinate, it is sometimes referred to as the 'Palatinate Catechism.' It has been translated into many languages and is regarded as one of the most influential of the Reformed catechisms. Today, the Catechism is "probably the most frequently read Reformed confessional text worldwide".: 13
Lijiang pony
Lijiang ponies are a newly developed breed of horse, restricted to the Lijiang District, in China. This is an area of high altitude with a greatly varied climate. The economy required a more powerful pony than was found in the area, so in 1944 the Arabian, Yili, Hequ, Kabarda and small type Ardennes were introduced. Crossbreeding and interbreeding of the progeny has developed a horse ideal for the needs of the area. Today, there are approximately 4,000 Lijiang ponies.

Lijiang ponies were crossed with Arab and Arab-Kabarda and the offspring were increased in size to about 12.2 hands, but additional work to increase the size of this breed has not yet been successful.

Ardennais
The Ardennais or Ardennes is one of the oldest breeds of draft horse, and originates from the Ardennes area in Belgium, Luxembourg, and France. They are heavy-boned with thick legs and are used for draft work.

Their history reaches back to Ancient Rome, and throughout the years blood from several other breeds has been added to the Ardennes, although only the Belgian breed had any significant impact. The first Ardennes were imported to the United States in the early 20th century, and the first breed registry was established in Europe in 1929. The horses have been used throughout history as war horses, both as cavalry mounts and to draw artillery, and are used today mainly for heavy draft and farm work, meat production and competitive driving events. They have also been used to influence or create several other horse breeds throughout Europe and Asia.
Closed lines
Closed line or closed lines could refer to:

Closed curve, a curve in mathematics where the two ends meet

Closed line segment, a line segment in mathematics that includes both its endpoints

Defunct airlines, or air travel companies that no longer exist

Line (formation), a military formation in which soldiers are packed together into rows

Close order formation, another military formation in which soldiers are packed together into a grid

Abandoned railway, or a train line that is no longer used

Abandoned railway
An abandoned railroad is a railway line which is no longer used for that purpose.  Such lines may be disused railways, closed railways, former railway lines, or derelict railway lines.  Some have had all their track and sleepers removed, and others have material remaining from their former usage.

There are many hundreds of these throughout the world. Thousands of miles of railroads have been abandoned in the United States, much of it in the 40 years from 1965 to 2005. The right-of-way which has been established for such a line makes it useful for other transport, such as a rail trail. Other uses are possible. For example, in 1936, farmers in Aldrich, Missouri, found various uses for the land and materials of an abandoned railway. The abandoned railway stations on the line may be put to some other use too.