hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Execution of Saddam Hussein
Saddam Hussein, the former president of Iraq, was executed on 30 December 2006. Saddam was sentenced to death by hanging, after being convicted of crimes against humanity by the Iraqi Special Tribunal for the Dujail massacre—the killing of 148 Iraqi Shi'ites in the town of Dujail, in 1982, in retaliation for a purported assassination attempt on Saddam.

The Iraqi government released an official video of his execution, showing him being led to the gallows, and ending after the hangman's noose was placed over his head. International public controversy arose when a mobile phone recording of the hanging showed him surrounded by a contingent of his countrymen, who jeered him in Arabic and praised the Shia cleric Muqtada al-Sadr, and his subsequent fall through the trap door of the gallows.

Saddam's body was returned to his birthplace of Al-Awja, near Tikrit, on 31 December and was buried near the graves of other family members.

Dujail
Dujail (Arabic: الدجيل; alternate spelling: Ad Dujayl) is a town in Saladin Governorate, Iraq. It is about 65 kilometers (40 mi) north of Baghdad. It was the site of the 1982 Dujail Massacre, in which between 142 and 148 people, including children, died. The 2008 Dujail bombing also took place there.

Dujail is mostly populated by the Al-Khazraji tribe.
Church San José of Gurabo
The Church San José of Gurabo (Spanish: Iglesia San José de Gurabo) is a historic Catholic parish church located in Gurabo Pueblo (downtown Gurabo) in the municipality of Gurabo, Puerto Rico. The parish church is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Caguas.

The current church structure dates to 1821, and it was erected 6 years after the official founding of the municipality of Gurabo. The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 18, 1984, and to the Puerto Rico Register of Historic Sites and Zones in 2000.

Diocese of Caguas
The Diocese of Caguas (Latin: Dioecesis Caguana) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, of the Catholic Church in southeastern Puerto Rico in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of San Juan de Puerto Rico

The mother church of the Diocese of Caguas is the Catedral Dulce Nombre de Jesús (Cathedral of the Sweet Name of Jesus) in Caguas.  As of 2023, the current bishop of Cagus is Eusebio Ramos Morales.  The diocese was erected on November 4, 1964
María de Estrada
María de Estrada (c. 1475 or 1486 – between 1537–48) was a Spanish woman who was part of Hernán Cortés's expedition to Mexico between 1519 and 1524, in which she traveled as a conquistador and fought against the Aztec Empire. It's also purported that she had previously spent several years as a castaway among the indigenous peoples of pre-colonial Cuba.

Castaway
A castaway is a person who is cast adrift or ashore. While the situation usually happens after a shipwreck, some people voluntarily stay behind on a desert island, either to evade captors or the world in general. A person may also be left ashore as punishment (marooned).

The provisions and resources available to castaways may allow them to live on the island until other people arrive to take them off the island. However, such rescue missions may never happen if the person is not known to still be alive, if the fact that they are missing is unknown, or if the island is not mapped. These scenarios have given rise to the plots of numerous stories in the form of novels and film.
Raeburn
Raeburn is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Agnes Raeburn (1872-1955), Scottish artist

Anna Raeburn (born 1944), British broadcaster and journalist

Boyd Raeburn U.S. jazz bandleader and bass saxophonist

Henry Raeburn (1756–1823), Scottish portrait painter

Harold Raeburn (1865–1926), British mountaineer

Julieon Raeburn (born 1978), Trinidadian athlete

Marvin Raeburn (born 1975), Trinidadian football player

Paul Raeburn, U.S. science writer

Anna Raeburn
Anna Raeburn (born 3 April 1944) is a British broadcaster, author and journalist who is best known for her role as a radio agony aunt, giving advice on relationships and more general life problems. As a broadcaster, she has worked for Capital Radio, LBC  and the original Talk Radio. She has authored two books and currently writes her own weekly blog called "Annalog".
Hesionidae
Hesionidae are a family of phyllodocid bristle worms (class Polychaeta). They are (like almost all polychaetes) marine organisms. Most are found on the continental shelf; Hesiocaeca methanicola is found on methane ice, where it feeds on bacterial biofilms.

A characteristic apomorphy of the Hesionidae are the cirrophores of the anterior segments, which are well-developed cup-like sheaths; the cirri of the subsequent segments insert into the parapodia directly, or with just a vestigial cirrophore.

Parapodium
In invertebrates, the term parapodium (Gr. para, beyond or beside + podia, feet; pl.: parapodia) refers to lateral outgrowths or protrusions from the body. Parapodia are predominantly found in annelids, where they are paired, unjointed lateral outgrowths that bear the chaetae. In several groups of sea snails and sea slugs, 'parapodium' refers to lateral fleshy protrusions.
Pematang Gadung
Pematang Gadung is a village in the administrative district (kecamatan) of Matan Hilir Selatan ("Lower South Matan"), in Ketapang Regency, West Kalimantan Province of Indonesia. The village is located 30 km from the regency capital and is the only village in the district that still has a natural peat-swamp forest. The forest has a depth range of 3–7 m and an area in excess of 14,000 hectares. It is rich in flora and fauna including orangutans, proboscis monkey, Maroon leaf monkey, silvery lutung, long-tailed macaques, sun bears, Horsfield's tarsier, Large flying fox, deer, crocodiles and more than 250 species of birds, and more than 30 species of orchid.

Silvery lutung
The silvery lutung (Trachypithecus cristatus), also known as the silvered leaf monkey or the silvery langur, is an Old World monkey.  It is arboreal, living in coastal, mangrove, and riverine forests in Sumatra, Borneo, Java, as well as in parts of the southwestern Malay Peninsula, the Natuna Islands, and other nearby islands. It is the type species of its species group.
Corridor (short story collection)
Corridor is a 1999 collection of short stories by Alfian Sa'at,  all set in present-day Singapore. It received a Singapore Literature Prize Commendation Award for 1998.  It was first published by SNP Editions in 1999, and republished by Ethos Books in 2015.

Ethos Books
Ethos Books is an independent book publisher based in Singapore established in 1997. It is an imprint of Pagesetters Services Pte Ltd, a communications and design house. Ethos Books specialises in publishing literary works of fiction, non-fiction and poetry primarily from writers in Singapore. It has published several award-winning poetry volumes and anthologies by authors such as Felix Cheong, Alvin Pang, Alfian Sa'at, Cyril Wong and Daren Shiau. In recent years, it has published critical works on Singapore studies by scholars and activists such as Cherian George, Loh Kah Seng, Kevin YL Tan, Thum Ping Tjin, and Teo You Yenn.
Piazzolo
Piazzolo (Bergamasque: Piassöl) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Milan and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Bergamo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 92 and an area of 4.2 square kilometres (1.6 sq mi).

Piazzolo borders the following municipalities: Mezzoldo, Moio de' Calvi, Olmo al Brembo, Piazza Brembana, Piazzatorre, Valnegra.

In the cemetery is buried Guido Galli an Italian judge killed by the Red Brigades in the 1980s.

Bergamasque dialect
The Bergamasque dialect  is the western variant of the Eastern Lombard group of the Lombard language. It is mainly spoken in the province of Bergamo and in the area around Crema, in central Lombardy.

Bergamasque has official status in the province of Bergamo, according to the Regional Law 25/2016.
Richard Dobie
Richard Dobie (1731 – March 23, 1805) was a Scottish merchant who came to Canada in 1760 and became actively involved in the fur trade around Lake Superior and the other Great Lakes. Much of his trade was to the south of these lakes which was a well established trade zone.

In 1767 Dobie established a partnership with Benjamin Frobisher, who travelled to the trading posts and wintered there, while Dobie remained in Montreal. They mounted at least one attempt at the northwest fur trade in partnership but most of Dobies trade efforts continued with various partners, one of whom was Francis Badgley, in the Great Lakes area.

Although heavily involved in the fur trade, Dobie was also active in any number of non fur trade enterprises. He accumulated a large fortune in these endeavors and was an important member of the Montreal community.

Fur trade
The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur. Since the establishment of a world fur market in the early modern period, furs of boreal, polar and cold temperate mammalian animals have been the most valued. Historically the trade stimulated the exploration and colonization of Siberia, northern North America, and the South Shetland and South Sandwich Islands.

Today the importance of the fur trade has diminished; it is based on pelts produced at fur farms and regulated fur-bearer trapping, but has become controversial. Animal rights organizations oppose the fur trade, citing that animals are brutally killed and sometimes skinned alive. Fur has been replaced in some clothing by synthetic imitations, for example, as in ruffs on hoods of parkas.
Marco Borriello
Marco Borriello (Italian pronunciation: [ˈmarko borˈrjɛllo]; born 18 June 1982) is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a striker.

Throughout his career, Borriello played for several Italian clubs, including Treviso, Triestina, Milan, Empoli, Reggina, Sampdoria, Genoa, Roma, Juventus, Carpi, Atalanta, Cagliari and SPAL, as well as English side West Ham United and Spanish side Ibiza. At international level, he has represented the Italy national team and took part at UEFA Euro 2008.

AC Carpi
A.C. Carpi is an Italian professional football club based in Carpi, a city in the province of Modena. The club was founded in 1909, re-founded in 2000 and 2022.

Carpi's colours are white and red, hence the nickname "Biancorossi". At the end of the 2012–13 season, Carpi won their first promotion to Serie B. On 28 April 2015, the Biancorossi won their first promotion to Serie A, but were relegated back to Serie B after only one season.
The Golden Era ended in 2019, with the relegation back in Serie C after five seasons in Serie B and one season in Serie A.

The Biancorossi have won a handful of league titles, including: the old Lega Pro Seconda Divisione; Serie B once; Serie C once; and Serie D four times. At the regional level, Carpi has won Promozione, Prima Divisione, and two Prima Categoria titles.
Security Police (Japan)
The Security Police is the protective security unit of the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department (TMPD). Under the Security Bureau of the TMPD, the division is responsible for VIP protection in and outside Japan concerning Japanese politicians.

The division's agents are commonly known as Security Police (SP) (セキュリティポリス, Sekyuritī Porisu). The word "SP" is a loanword used in the Japanese law enforcement system, based on the badge worn by the agents.

The division does not protect the Imperial Family as they have their own dedicated division, the Imperial Protection Division.

President of the House of Councillors
The president of the House of Councillors (参議院議長, Sangiin-gichō) is the presiding officer of the House of Councillors, the upper house of Japan, and together with the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the president is also the head of the legislative branch of Japan. The president is elected by members of the House at the start of each session, and can serve two three-year terms, for a maximum of six years.

The current president of the House of Councillors is Masakazu Sekiguchi, who took office on 11 November 2024.
Selzer
Selzer is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Ann Selzer, American political pollster

Clemens Selzer,  Austrian track cyclist

Edward Selzer, American cartoon producer

Ken Selzer, American politician

Milton Selzer, American actor

Peter Selzer, German race walker

Richard Selzer, American surgeon

Clemens Selzer
Clemens Selzer (born 26 July 1985) is an Austrian male track cyclist, riding for the national team. He competed in the sprint and 1 km time trial event at the 2010 UCI Track Cycling World Championships.
Seymour Bowman
Seymour Bowman (c. 1621 – 6 May 1704) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons  in 1660.

Bowman was the son of  Stephen Bowman of Harnham, Wiltshire. He matriculated at St Mary Hall, Oxford on 19 May 1637 aged 16. He was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1647.

In 1660, Bowman was elected Member of Parliament for Old Sarum in the Convention Parliament when he was seated after a double return.

Old Sarum (UK Parliament constituency)
Old Sarum was from 1295 until 1832 a parliamentary constituency of England, Great Britain (until 1800), and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.  It was a so-called rotten borough, with an extremely small electorate that was consequently vastly over-represented and could be used by a patron in gaining such undue influence. The constituency was on the site of what had been the original settlement of Salisbury, known as Old Sarum. The population and cathedral city had moved in the 14th century to New Sarum, at the foot of the Old Sarum hill. It became one of the more notorious constituencies in the unreformed House of Commons and was abolished under the Reform Act 1832.
Vasantrao Gite
Vasantrao Gite is an Indian politician and member of the Shiv Sena. Gite was a member of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from the Nashik Central constituency in Nashik district as a member of Maharashtra Navnirman Sena.

Nashik Central Assembly constituency
Nashik Central Assembly constituency is one of the 288 Vidhan Sabha (Assembly) constituencies of Maharashtra state in Western India. It is one of the six assembly segments under Nashik Lok Sabha constituency. As of 2019, its representative is Devayani Farande of the Bharatiya Janata Party.
IT Corporation
IT Corporation was a United States industrial company whose principal business was the disposal of industrial hazardous waste.  At least as early as the 1970s the company was one of the largest market share holders of the liquid hazardous waste disposal sector in the western U.S.  One of the principal facilities was a large set of industrial waste disposal ponds in Martinez, California.

The business activities of IT fell under strict regulation by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District and the State of California Regional Water Quality Control Board, as well as the Contra Costa County Health Department.

Odor
An odor (American English) or odour (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences) is a smell or a scent caused by one or more volatilized chemical compounds generally found in low concentrations that humans and many animals can perceive via their olfactory system. While smell can refer to pleasant and unpleasant odors, the terms scent, aroma, and fragrance are usually reserved for pleasant-smelling odors and are frequently used in the food and cosmetic industry to describe floral scents or to refer to perfumes.
2022 Maine Senate election
The 2022 Maine State Senate election was held on Tuesday, November 8, 2022, with the primary election using instant-runoff voting being held on June 14, 2022, to elect the 131st Maine Senate. Voters in all 35 districts of the Maine Senate elected their state senators. These elections coincided with those for governor, U.S. House and the Maine House of Representatives. Democrats retained their 23–12 advantage in the chamber.

Maine Senate
44°18′26″N 69°46′54″W﻿ / ﻿44.307138°N 69.781586°W﻿ / 44.307138; -69.781586

The Maine Senate is the upper house of the Maine Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Maine. The Senate currently consists of 35 members representing an equal number of districts across the state, though the Maine Constitution allows for "an odd number of Senators, not less than 31 nor more than 35". Unlike the lower House, the Senate does not set aside nonvoting seats for Native tribes.  Because it is a part-time position, members of the Maine Senate usually have outside employment as well.

The Senate meets at the Maine State House in Augusta. Members are limited to four consecutive terms with each term being two years but may run again after a two-year wait.
Soner Ergençay
Soner Ergençay (born 25 August 1988 in Urla) is a Turkish professional footballer. He currently plays as left winger for Balıkesirspor in the Turkish Second League.
He started his career with Beşiktaş A2 and also played for İstanbulspor and Eyüpspor.

His loan contract will end on 31 May 2011 by his profile in Turkey Football Federation.

TFF 2. Lig
The TFF 2. Lig (lit. 'TFF 2nd League'), currently referred to as Nesine 2. Lig for sponsorship reasons, is the third level in the Turkish football league system. It was founded in the 2001–02 season with the name of Turkish Second League Category B as a continuation of the then second level division. In the 2005–06 season, the name of the league was changed to Lig B. Since the 2007–08 season, the league's current name is used along with sponsor names.

Turkish Second Football League (in Turkish: Türkiye İkinci Futbol Ligi or shortly İkinci Lig or 2. Lig) is a defunct football league in Turkey. It was the second level division in Turkish football since its foundation in 1963–64 until the formation of the new league system in 2001–02. The Second Football League was divided into two categories in the 2001–02 season: Category A and Category B. Since 2007–08, Category A has continued as the TFF First League and Category B has continued as the TFF Second League.
Guess I Went Crazy
"Guess I Went Crazy" is a single by Canadian country music group Canadian Zephyr. Released in 1980, it was a single from their album Zephyr. The song reached number one on the RPM Country Tracks chart in Canada in October 1980.

Canadian Zephyr
Canadian Zephyr was a Canadian country music group. Twenty of their singles made the RPM Country Tracks charts, including the number one singles "You Made My Day Tonight" and "Guess I Went Crazy." They released two albums for United Artists and three albums for RCA.
Pak P'aengnyŏn
Pak P'aengnyŏn (Korean: 박팽년; Hanja: 朴彭年; 1417 – 7 June 1456) was a scholar-official of the early Joseon Dynasty, and is known as one of the six martyred ministers.   He was born to a yangban family of the Suncheon Pak clan, and was the son of high minister Pak Chungnim.  He passed the lower national service examination at a royal visitation in 1434, and was later appointed to the Hall of Worthies by Sejong.  In the 1440s, he participated with other members of the Hall of Worthies in the creation of the Hunminjeongeum and the creation of the Hangul alphabet.  He passed the higher literary examination in 1447, and rose to vice-minister of justice under Danjong in 1454. He was an 8th cousin of Pak Wŏnjong, the maternal uncle of Yun Im and Queen Janggyeong, the second wife of King Jungjong.

Yangban
The yangban (Korean: 양반; Hanja: 兩班; IPA: [ja̠ŋba̠n]) were part of the traditional ruling class or gentry of dynastic Korea during the Joseon period. The yangban were mainly composed of highly educated civil officials and military officers—landed or unlanded aristocrats who individually exemplified the Korean Confucian form of a "scholarly official". They were largely government administrators and bureaucrats who oversaw medieval and early modern Korea's traditional agrarian bureaucracy until the end of the dynasty in 1897. In a broader sense, an office holder's family and descendants, as well as country families who claimed such descent, were socially accepted as yangban.

In contemporary Korean language, the term yangban can be used either as a compliment or insult.
Mujahideen Brigades
Mujahideen Brigades (Arabic: كتائب المجاهدين, romanized: Kataeb al-Mujahideen) is an armed wing of the Palestinian Mujahideen Movement (Arabic: حركة المجاهدين الفلسطينية, romanized: Harakat al-Mujāhidīn al-Filastīnīa). The brigades operate in the Occupied Palestinian territories of the Gaza Strip and The West Bank, including Jenin.

The Mujahideen Brigades operate independently of Hamas but collaborates closely with militants from Palestinian Islamic Jihad's armed wing, Saraya Al Quds.

Wing (military unit)
In military aviation, a wing is a unit of command. In most military aviation services, a wing is a relatively large formation of planes. In Commonwealth countries a wing usually comprises three squadrons, with several wings forming a group (around 10 squadrons). Each squadron will contain around 20 planes.
David A. Wagner
David A. Wagner (born 1974) is an American professor of computer science at the University of California, Berkeley and a well-known researcher in cryptography and computer security. He is a member of the Election Assistance Commission's Technical Guidelines Development Committee, tasked with assisting the EAC in drafting the Voluntary Voting System Guidelines. He was also a member of the ACCURATE project.

Election Assistance Commission
The Election Assistance Commission (EAC) is an independent agency of the United States government created by the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA).  The Commission serves as a national clearinghouse and resource of information regarding election administration. It is charged with administering payments to states and developing guidance to meet HAVA requirements, adopting voluntary voting system guidelines, and accrediting voting system test laboratories and certifying voting equipment.  It is also charged with developing and maintaining a national mail voter registration form.
Mareșal (Romania)
Mareșal (transl. Marshal) is the highest rank in the Army of Romania, the Romanian Armed Forces.  It is the equivalent of a field marshal in other countries.

The rank of mareșal can only be bestowed to a General or Admiral, in time of war for exceptional military merits, by the President of Romania and confirmed by the Supreme Council of National Defense.

Only three non-royal persons were bestowed the rank mareșal to date: Alexandru Averescu, Constantin Prezan, and Ion Antonescu. The first two were Generals during World War I, and the last was General during World War II, and Ruler of Romania between the abdication of King Carol II (6 September 1940) and his arrest by King Michael I (23 August 1944). Of the Romanian kings, Ferdinand I, Carol II and Michael I were Marshals of Romania. King Carol I was simultaneously Russian and German field marshal.

Conducător
Conducător (Romanian: [kondukəˈtor], meaning 'Leader') was the title used officially by Romanian dictator Ion Antonescu during World War II, also occasionally used in official discourse to refer to Carol II and Nicolae Ceaușescu.
2025 Mubadala Citi DC Open – Men's singles
Alex de Minaur defeated Alejandro Davidovich Fokina in the final, 5–7, 6–1, 7–6(7–3) to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2025 Washington Open. De Minaur saved three championship points en route to his tenth ATP Tour singles title.

Sebastian Korda was the reigning champion, but withdrew before the tournament.

Alex de Minaur
Alex de Miñaur Román (born 17 February 1999) is an Australian professional tennis player. He has been ranked by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) as high as world No. 6 in singles, which he achieved on 15 July 2024, and No. 58 in doubles, attained on 12 October 2020. He is the current No. 1 singles player from Australia.

De Minaur has won eleven ATP Tour titles in singles and one in doubles. He has reached seven major quarterfinals. He represents Australia at the Davis Cup.