hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sami Timimi
Sami Timimi is a British psychiatrist, psychotherapist, and author. He works as a consultant in child and adolescent psychiatry. He writes from a critical psychiatry perspective on topics relating to mental health and childhood and has published extensively in medical, educational, and sociological journals.

Child and adolescent psychiatry
Child and adolescent psychiatry (or pediatric psychiatry) is a branch of psychiatry that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental disorders in children, adolescents, and their families. It investigates the biopsychosocial factors that influence the development and course of psychiatric disorders and treatment responses to various interventions. Child and adolescent psychiatrists primarily use psychotherapy and/or medication to treat mental disorders in the pediatric population.
Tohoratea River
The Tohoratea River is a short river of the Gisborne District of New Zealand's North Island. It flows southeast from its origins south of Ruatoria to reach the Pacific Ocean to the north of Waipiro Bay.

Ruatoria
Ruatoria (Māori: Ruatōria) is a town in the Waiapu Valley of the Gisborne Region in the northeastern corner of New Zealand's North Island. The town was originally known as Cross Roads then Manutahi and was later named Ruatorea in 1913, after the Māori Master female grower Tōrea who had some of the finest storage pits in her Iwi at the time  (Te-Rua-a-Tōrea). In 1925 the name was altered  to "Ruatoria", although some texts retain the original spelling.

Ruatoria's Whakarua Park is the home of the East Coast Rugby Football Union.
Johan Sparre af Söfdeborg
Johan Sparre af Söfdeborg (10 January 1715, Karlskrona – 3 March 1791, Tosterup) was a Swedish count and general.

Sparre was the son of Admiral Claes Sparre and was born in 1715.  After service in French and Austrian armies he was appointed a colonel in the Swedish Army in 1759 and given command of a regiment.  During the 1757-1763 Pomeranian War he was commended for his defence of Anklam and actions at Friedland and Dresden.  After the Revolution of 1772 he became adjutant-general to Gustav III; that same year he was promoted to the rank of major-general in 1772 and made commandant of Suomenlinna.  In 1778 he was promoted to lieutenant-general.  In 1788 he was recalled from retirement by Gustav III to take command of the defences of Gothenburg during the Theatre War with Denmark.  He died in March 1791.

Friedland, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Friedland (German pronunciation: [ˈfʁiːtˌlant] ⓘ) is a town in the district Mecklenburgische Seenplatte, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

It is only 22 km from the district seat and bigger town Neubrandenburg, but still Friedland remains a local center for surrounding communities like Galenbeck (Kotelow, Lübbersdorf, Schwichtenberg), Brunn and Boldekow, and has approximately 6,500 citizens. The former municipality Genzkow was merged into Friedland in May 2019.

It was founded in 1244 by the Prince-electors Otto and Johann of Brandenburg, then having the name Vredeland.
Karl Paymah
Karl Paymah (born November 29, 1982) is an American former professional football player who was a cornerback in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Denver Broncos in the third round of the 2005 NFL draft. He played college football for the Washington State Cougars.

Paymah was also a member of the Minnesota Vikings, San Francisco 49ers, Houston Texans, and Saskatchewan Roughriders.

Washington State Cougars football
The Washington State Cougars football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Washington State University, located in Pullman, Washington. The team competes at the NCAA Division I level in the FBS and is a member of the Pac-12 Conference (Pac-12) Known as the Cougars, the first football team was fielded in 1894.

The Cougars play home games on campus at Martin Stadium, which opened in 1972; the site dates back to 1892 as Soldier Field and was renamed Rogers Field ten years later. Its present seating capacity is 35,117. Their main rivals are the Washington Huskies; the teams historically end the regular season with the Apple Cup rivalry game in late November but that is no longer the case with the Washington Huskies joining the Big Ten.
Scott MacDonald (actor)
Scott MacDonald is an American actor. He is best known for his recurring roles as Captain Manning on short-lived series Threshold, Burley from HBO series Carnivàle, and as Commander Dolim from Star Trek: Enterprise, as the title character from 1997 horror film Jack Frost, and Officer Gerard from Dexter.

Threshold (TV series)
Threshold is a science fiction drama television series that ran on CBS from September 16 to November 22, 2005. Produced by Brannon Braga, David S. Goyer and David Heyman, the series focuses on a secret government project investigating the first contact with an extraterrestrial species.

The series was first shown on Friday nights, but was moved to Tuesday in an effort to boost ratings. This plan backfired, with the show registering a sharp drop in its ratings on its first Tuesday night showing on November 22, 2005, and CBS canceled the series on November 23, 2005, leaving four episodes left unaired.

The last four episodes were aired on Sky1, a channel in the United Kingdom owned by Sky, who co-produced the series with CBS. The entire series was released on DVD on August 22, 2006.
David Parkes Masson
Sir David Parkes Masson CIE VD FRPSL (1847 – 30 December 1915) was a British philatelist, who was one of the "Fathers of Philately" entered on the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1921. He was a wealthy banker in India, owned large estates in Malaysia, served as a British military officer, and held a number of important public offices in British India.

Volunteer Officers' Decoration
The Volunteer Officers' Decoration, post-nominal letters VD, was instituted in 1892 as an award for long and meritorious service by officers of the United Kingdom's Volunteer Force. Award of the decoration was discontinued in the United Kingdom when it was superseded by the Territorial Decoration in 1908, but it continued to be awarded in some Crown Dependencies until 1930.

The grant of the decoration was extended in 1894 by the institution of a separate new decoration, the Volunteer Officers' Decoration for India and the Colonies, that could be awarded to commissioned officers of all Volunteer Forces throughout the British Empire and India.
Asoka Abeygunawardana
Asoka Nalanda Abeygunawardana (born 12 December 1963) (known as Asoka Abeygunawardana) is a Sri Lankan electrical engineer, environmentalist, social activist and the current Chairman  / CEO of the Strategic Enterprise Management Agency at Presidential Secretariat, Sri Lanka.

Presidential Secretariat (Sri Lanka)
The Presidential Secretariat (Sinhala: ජනාධිපති ලේකම් කාර්යාලය, romanized: janādhipati lēkam kāryālaya) is the office of the President of Sri Lanka. It provides the administrative and institutional framework for exercising the duties, responsibilities and powers vested in the President by the Constitution. The Presidential Secretariat is located in the Old Parliament Building in Colombo.

The head of the Presidential Secretariat is the Secretary to the President (also known as the President's Secretary), who is ex officio the most senior civil servant and head of the Sri Lanka Administrative Service. The current President's Secretary is Nandika Sanath Kumanayake. The post has its roots from the post of Secretary to the Governors of Ceylon and thereafter the Secretary to the Governor-General of Ceylon.
Congolese Trade Union Confederation
The Congolese Trade Union Confederation (Confédération syndicale congolaise, CSC) is a trade union centre in Republic of the Congo.

Seeking greater political reform and the establishment of multiparty politics, the CSC unsuccessfully sought its independence from the ruling Congolese Labour Party (PCT) in 1990. It led a general strike and protests in September–October 1990, causing the PCT regime to allow the creation of other political parties and leading to the 1991 National Conference.

Jean-Michel Bokamba-Yangouma was the Secretary-General of the CSC from 1974 to 1997. An ally of President Pascal Lissouba, he fled into exile at the end of the 1997 civil war.

The CSC is affiliated with the World Federation of Trade Unions.

Pascal Lissouba
Pascal Lissouba (15 November 1931 – 24 August 2020) was a Congolese politician who was the first democratically elected President of the Republic of the Congo and served from 31 August 1992 until 25 October 1997. He was overthrown by his predecessor and current president Denis Sassou Nguesso in the 1997 civil war.
Fun School
Fun School is a series of educational packages developed and published in the United Kingdom by Europress Software, initially as Database Educational Software. The original Fun School titles were sold mostly by mail order via off-the-page adverts in the magazines owned by Database Publications. A decision was made to create a new set of programs, call the range Fun School 2, and package them more professionally so they could be sold in computer stores around the UK. Every game comes as a set of three versions, each for a specific age range.

AMOS (programming language)
AMOS BASIC is a dialect of the BASIC programming language for the Amiga computer. Following on from the successful STOS BASIC for the Atari ST, AMOS BASIC was written for the Amiga by François Lionet with Constantin Sotiropoulos and published by Europress Software in 1990.

The language was notable for its focus on media and game development capabilities, allowing users to easily create demanding multimedia software and games. It featured full structured code and numerous high-level functions for loading and manipulating images, animations, and sounds. These capabilities made it a popular choice among Amiga enthusiasts, particularly beginners, for creating video games (especially platformers and graphical adventures), multimedia applications, and educational software.
Divisions of Balochistan
The divisions of Balochistan (Urdu: بلوچستان کےڈویژن ) are the first-order administrative bodies of the Balochistan province of Pakistan. In total, there are 8 divisions, which are further divided into districts.

Administrative division
Administrative divisions (also administrative units, administrative regions, subnational entities, or constituent states, as well as many similar generic terms) are geographical areas into which a particular independent sovereign state is divided. Such a unit usually has an administrative authority with the power to take administrative or policy decisions for its area. Administrative divisions are often used as polygons in geospatial analysis.
Beholder (video game)
Beholder is a adventure video game about life in a totalitarian police state, in which privacy does not exist: everything is controlled by the state. The game was developed by Warm Lamp Games and published by Alawar Entertainment on November 9, 2016. The game is supported on Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iPadOS and iOS.

IPadOS
iPadOS is a mobile operating system developed by Apple for its iPad line of tablet computers. It was given a name distinct from iOS, the operating system used by Apple's iPhones, to reflect the diverging features of the two product lines, such as multitasking. It was introduced as iPadOS 13, reflecting its status as the successor to iOS 12 for the iPad, and first released to the public on September 24, 2019. Major versions of iPadOS are released annually; the current stable version, iPadOS 26.2.1, was released to the public on January 26, 2026.
Samhall
Samhall AB is a Swedish state-owned limited company with the task of creating meaningful and developing jobs for people with disabilities. The company was founded in 1980 and is today one of the Swedish state's largest companies in terms of number of employees.  The name Samhall is similar to the Swedish word "Samhälle" which translates to English as "Community" or "Society".

During the company's first decades, the business was dominated by its own industrial production, however today, most of the employees work in service or staffing in other companies.

Aktiebolag
Aktiebolag (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈâktsɪɛbʊˌlɑːɡ], "stock company") is the Swedish term for "limited company" or "corporation". When used in company names, it is abbreviated as "AB" (in Sweden), "Ab" (in Finland), or, rarely, "A/B" (dated), roughly equivalent to the abbreviations Corp., Ltd., and PLC. The state authority responsible for the registration of aktiebolag in Sweden is the Swedish Companies Registration Office.
Type 053H3 frigate
The Type 053H3 (NATO reporting name: Jiangwei II) is a class of Chinese frigates that entered service with the People's Liberation Army Navy Surface Force in the 1990s and 2000s. The class comprised ten vessels, all of which remain in active service except for two which have been sold to the Bangladesh Navy. They were a follow-on of the Type 053H2G frigate class. The Zulfiquar-class frigate used by the Pakistan Navy was based on the Type 053H3.

Bangladesh Navy
The Bangladesh Navy (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ নৌবাহিনী, romanized: Bānlādeś Noubāhinī; abbreviated as BN) is the naval warfare branch of the Bangladesh Armed Forces, responsible for defending the maritime interests and territorial waters of Bangladesh. Operating under the Ministry of Defence, the Navy conducts maritime security, naval defense, surveillance, and disaster relief operations. Established after the 1971 Liberation War, the Bangladesh Navy has developed into a modern and professional force, actively participating in United Nations peacekeeping operations and regional maritime security initiatives. The Bangladesh Navy today is typically categorized as a green-water navy both domestically and internationally.
Arabian riff
"Arabian riff", also known as "The Streets of Cairo", "The Poor Little Country Maid", and "the snake charmer song", is a well-known melody, published in different forms in the 19th century. Alternate titles for children's songs using this melody include "The Girls in France" and "The Southern Part of France".

Istanbul (Not Constantinople)
"Istanbul (Not Constantinople)" is a 1953 novelty song, with lyrics by Jimmy Kennedy and music by Nat Simon. It was written on the 500th anniversary of the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans. The lyrics humorously refer to the official renaming of the city of Constantinople to Istanbul. The song's original release, performed by The Four Lads, was certified as a gold record. Numerous cover versions have been recorded over the years, most famously a 1990 version by They Might Be Giants.
Freund's adjuvant
Freund's adjuvant is a solution of antigen emulsified in mineral oil and used as an immunopotentiator (booster). The complete form, Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA or CFA) is composed of inactivated and dried mycobacteria (usually M. tuberculosis), whereas the incomplete form (FIA or IFA) lacks the mycobacterial components (hence just the water in oil emulsion). It is named after Jules T. Freund.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), also known as Koch's bacillus, is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis.

First discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch, M. tuberculosis has an unusual, waxy coating on its cell surface primarily due to the presence of mycolic acid. This coating makes the cells impervious to Gram staining, and as a result, M. tuberculosis can appear weakly Gram-positive.  Acid-fast stains such as Ziehl–Neelsen, or fluorescent stains such as auramine are used instead to identify M. tuberculosis with a microscope. The physiology of M. tuberculosis is highly aerobic and requires high levels of oxygen. Primarily a pathogen of the mammalian respiratory system, it infects the lungs. The most frequently used diagnostic methods for tuberculosis are the tuberculin skin test, acid-fast stain, culture, and polymerase chain reaction.

The M. tuberculosis genome was sequenced in 1998.
Platon Nguyễn Văn Thành
Platon Nguyễn Văn Thành (1922–2003), also known as Thành Nga (Thành Russia), Hai Thành, Platon Thành, born Platon Aleksandrovich Skrzhinsky (Russian: Платон Александрович Скржинский), was a Russian soldier who fought for the communist-led Viet Minh during the First Indochina War. He served in Viet Minh's well-known 307th Battalion, which was active in Southern Vietnam.

Platon Thành returned to Hanoi and then the Soviet Union after the 1954 Geneva Accords. He worked at the Vietnamese Department of Radio Moscow and maintained contacts with his Vietnamese friends, with notable figures of North Vietnam and unified Vietnam. He once visited Vietnam in 1988 together with old comrades of the 307th Battalion. Platon died in Moscow at the age of 80.

Bến Tre
Bến Tre (Vietnamese pronunciation: [ˀɓən˦ˀ˥ ʈɛ˧˧] ⓘ) is a city in the Vĩnh Long province in the Mekong Delta region of southern Vietnam. In 2025, the Vietnamese government issued a resolution to merge the former Bến Tre Province with the rest of Vĩnh Long. Located 85 kilometers (53 mi) southwest of Ho Chi Minh City, the city covers an area of 65.75 km2 (25.39 sq mi) and has a population of 124,499 at the 2019 census. Bến Tre is connected to the surrounding provinces by the Rạch Miễu Bridge and is also traversed by National Highway 60.
Baia de Fier
Baia de Fier is a commune in Gorj County, Oltenia, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Baia de Fier and Cernădia. It is traversed by the river Pârâul Galben; to the east flows the river Olteț. Peștera Muierilor (women's cave) is located here.

The first (and only) graphite mine in Romania opened in Baia de Fier in 1945; by the 1980s, several hundred miners worked there, but the mine was closed in 1999, following devastating floods. As of 2025, exploitation of this graphite deposit (the largest of its kind in Europe) is set to resume, thanks to nearly €200 million in funding from the European Commission. Graphite extraction at Baia de Fier will be prioritized for its applications in electric vehicle batteries, energy storage, electronics, and machine manufacturing.

Baia de Fier is a sister city to Boccioleto, Italy since 2007.

Gorj County
Gorj County (Romanian pronunciation: [ɡorʒ] ⓘ) is a county (județ) of Romania, in Oltenia, with its capital city at Târgu Jiu. Gorj comes from the Slavic Gornji Jiu (“upper Jiu”), in contrast with Dolnji (“lower Jiu”).
William Jackson (fl. 1601–1604)
William Jackson (fl. 1601–1604) was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Guildford in 1601 and for Haslemere in 1604. He has not been clearly identified, beyond his name in the records, but The History of Parliament theorizes that he may have the same person as the younger brother of fellow MP John Jackson.

John Jackson (Pontefract MP)
Sir John Jackson (died 2 July 1637) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1624 and 1629.

Jackson was the son of Sir John Jackson of Edderthorpe, Yorkshire. He subscribed at Oxford University on 23 October 1612 and was awarded BA from Magdalen Hall, Oxford on 4 July 1615. He was a student of Inner Temple in 1615 and was of Hickleton, Yorkshire. He was knighted on 19 April 1619. In 1624, Jackson was elected Member of Parliament for Pontefract in the Happy Parliament. He was re-elected MP for Pontefract in 1625, 1626 and 1628 and sat until 1629 when King Charles decided to rule without parliament for eleven years.

Jackson died in 1637.
Wonju Gymnasium
Wonju Gymnasium is an arena in Wonju, South Korea. It is the home arena of the Wonju DB Promy of the Korean Basketball League. The complex includes above-ground and basement parking space as well as the team's training facilities and clubhouse, which is connected to the arena via a special underground walkway.

Prior to the opening of the Wonju Gymnasium, Wonju DB Promy had played at the outdated and much-maligned Chiak Gymnasium and did not have its own dedicated training ground and facilities. Its players infamously had to work out at local neighborhood gyms. The lack of funding from the pre-Dongbu Insurance era meant that the Chiak Gymnasium was never renovated to meet modern-day standards despite drawing some of the biggest game-day crowds among the KBL teams. The Wonju municipal government agreed to invest ₩5 billion into the construction of a new purpose-built arena. It opened in time for the 2013–14 season.

Wonju
Wonju (Korean: 원주; Korean pronunciation: [wʌn.dʑu]) is the most populous city in the state of Gangwon, South Korea, with a population of 364,860 as of 2023. The city is located approximately 140 kilometres (87 mi) east of Seoul.
Keokuk Catholic Schools
Keokuk Catholic Schools, also operating as St. Vincent's Elementary School is a Catholic School in Keokuk, Iowa.

It was established circa 1853. It previously consisted of two separate campuses, one being St. Vincent's School and one being Cardinal Stritch High School. The high school merged into Holy Trinity Catholic Schools of Fort Madison, Iowa in 2006, and the elementary school moved into the former high school building. At that time the St. Vincent's name was dropped, but by 2013 the school had plans to again use that name.

Fort Madison, Iowa
Fort Madison is a city in and a county seat of Lee County, Iowa, United States along with Keokuk. Of Iowa's 99 counties, Lee County is the only one with two county seats. The population was 10,270 at the time of the 2020 census. Located along the Mississippi River in the state's southeast corner, it lies between small bluffs along one of the widest portions of the river. Fort Madison is also the home of the Iowa State Penitentiary.
HMCS Ontario
HMCS Ontario can refer to several ships:

HMS Ontario (1780), a sixth-rate warship of the Provincial Marine (of then British North American Province of Quebec) and operated by the Royal Navy in Lake Ontario; sunk 1780

HMCS Ontario (C53), a Minotaur-class cruiser transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy in 1944 and scrapped in 1960

HMCS Ontario, a Royal Canadian Sea Cadet summer training centre in Kingston, Ontario established in 1977 as  Cadets Camp Frontenac and now based at CFB Kingston/Royal Military College of Canada

HMCS Ontario was a planned nuclear-powered Canada-class submarine cancelled in 1989

HMCS Ontario (C53)
HMCS Ontario was a Minotaur-class light cruiser built for the Royal Navy as HMS Minotaur (53), but transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy on completion and renamed Ontario.

HMS Minotaur was laid down on 20 November 1941 by Harland & Wolff of Belfast and launched on 29 July 1943. She was transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy in July 1944, and completed and commissioned as Ontario on 25 May 1945 at Belfast.
Cape Burney, Western Australia
28°51′29″S 114°38′35″E﻿ / ﻿28.858°S 114.643°E﻿ / -28.858; 114.643

Cape Burney is a coastal town and locality 12 kilometres (7 mi) south of Geraldton, Western Australia at the mouth of the Greenough River. Its local government area is the City of Greater Geraldton. At the 2016 census, Cape Burney had a population of 500.

The locality was gazetted in 1985.

Cape Burney contains a caravan park, popular with surfers and recreational fishermen, as well as the Southgate Dunes to the north of the settlement which separate the settlement from Geraldton.

City of Greater Geraldton
The City of Greater Geraldton is a local government area in the Mid West region of Western Australia, 424 kilometres (263 mi) north of the state capital, Perth on the Indian Ocean. It covers an area of 12,625.5 square kilometres (4,874.7 sq mi), and its seat of government is the town of Geraldton.

It was established on 1st July 2011 following the amalgamation of the Shire of Mullewa and the City of Geraldton-Greenough, itself a product of a 2007 amalgamation between the City of Geraldton and Shire of Greenough.