hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis
Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis is a Gram-positive, endospore-forming, moderately halophilic, rod-shaped and motile bacterium from the genus of Paraliobacillus which has been isolated from sediments from Dabuxun Lake, a high-salinity lake in the Qaidam Basin in China.

Dabusun Lake
Dabusun or Dabuxun Lake, alternately known as Dabasun Nor, is a lake beside the town Qarhan, just north of Golmud in the Haixi Prefecture of Qinghai Province in northwestern China. Fed by the main course of the Golmud River, it is the largest present-day lake in the Qarhan Playa. Like the other lakes of the surrounding Qaidam Basin, it is extremely saline, with 307–338 grams of salt per liter of water (2.5 lb/gallon).
Joseph Sullivan (FBI agent)
Joseph Aloysius Sullivan (February 17, 1917 – August 2, 2002) was a Major Case Inspector for the Federal Bureau of Investigation from 1941 to 1977. Born in Montreal, Wisconsin, he grew up in Hurley, Wisconsin and died in Manhattan, New York City. He was involved in a number of highly publicized cases in the sixties and seventies including the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., the murder of United Mine Workers reformer Joseph "Jock" Yablonski, the Sterling Hall bombing at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and the Kent State shootings. Despite his involvement in such high-profile cases, Sullivan is best known for his relentless search to track down the killers of three civil rights workers, who were brutally slain in Mississippi in 1964.

Sterling Hall bombing
The Sterling Hall bombing occurred on the University of Wisconsin–Madison campus on August 24, 1970, and was committed by four men as an action against the university's research connections with the U.S. military during the Vietnam War. It resulted in the death of a university physics researcher and injuries to three others.
1997–98 NOFV-Oberliga
The 1997–98 season of the NOFV-Oberliga was the fourth season of the league at tier four (IV) of the German football league system.

The NOFV-Oberliga was split into two divisions, NOFV-Oberliga Nord and NOFV-Oberliga Süd. The champions of each, SD Croatia Berlin and Dresdner SC, were directly promoted to the 1998–99 Regionalliga Nordost.

FSV Velten withdrew from the league soon after the season began.

NOFV-Oberliga
The NOFV-Oberliga is a division at step 5 of the German football league system. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, it became the successor of the DDR-Oberliga, and functions today as a 5th division in the former territory of East Germany and the city of Berlin.

This league is named after the Nordostdeutscher Fußballverband (NOFV: North-East German Football Association), the regional association of the DFB in the former East German territories.

The league is currently split in two groups, north and south, the NOFV-Oberliga Nord and NOFV-Oberliga Süd. A third league, the NOFV-Oberliga Mitte existed from 1991 to 1994.
ORSC
ORSC may denote:

Oxidizer-rich staged combustion, in rocket engineering

Open Root Server Confederation, in computing

Oak Ridges Soccer Club, in sports

Organization Science (journal)

Journal of the Operations Research Society of China

Alternative DNS root
The Internet uses the Domain Name System (DNS) to associate numeric computer IP addresses with human-readable names. The top level of the domain name hierarchy, the DNS root, contains the top-level domains that appear as the suffixes of all Internet domain names. The most widely used (and first) DNS root is administered by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). In addition, several organizations operate alternative DNS roots, often referred to as alt roots. These alternative domain name systems operate their own root name servers and commonly administer their own specific name spaces consisting of custom top-level domains.

The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) has spoken out strongly against alternative roots in RFC 2826.
Joseph Gladwin
Joseph Gladwin (6 September 1890 — 8 September 1962) was an English first-class cricketer who played for Derbyshire.

Gladwin was born in Doe Lea, Derbyshire. He made his first cricketing appearance for the Derbyshire in the 2nd XI against the Warwickshire 2nd XI in 1914. He then played two first-class matches  in the 1914 County Championship, debuting against Yorkshire as a tailender in an innings defeat and following up in a match against Warwickshire. After the interval of the First World War, Gladwin made his third and last first-class appearance in the 1919 County Championship. He was a right-handed batsman and played five innings in three first-class matches. His top score was 5. He was a right-arm medium-fast bowler who took one wicket in 30 balls bowled.

Gladwin died in Chesterfield at the age of 72. His son Cliff Gladwin played for Derbyshire and England.

Chesterfield, Derbyshire
Chesterfield is a market and industrial town in the county of Derbyshire, England. It is 24 miles (39 km) north of Derby and 11 miles (18 km) south of Sheffield at the confluence of the Rivers Rother and Hipper. In 2011, the built-up-area subdivision had a population of 88,483, making it the second-largest settlement in Derbyshire, after Derby. The wider Borough of Chesterfield had a population of 103,569 in the 2021 Census. In 2021, the town itself had a population of 76,402.

It has been traced to a transitory Roman fort dated to approximately AD 80-100. The name of the later Anglo-Saxon village comes from the Old English ceaster (Roman fort) and feld (pasture). It has a sizeable street market three days a week. The town sits on an old coalfield, but little visual evidence of mining remains since the closure of the final town centre mine nicknamed “The Green Room”. The main landmark is the crooked spire of the Church of St Mary and All Saints.
George Rex Flag
The George Rex Flag was a protest flag used in the Province of New York at the start of the American Revolutionary War. The flag was adopted following the passage of the Quebec Act in 1774 whereby French Canadian Roman Catholics were granted emancipation and Roman Catholicism was adopted as the state church of the Province of Quebec. Though it is not known exactly what the design of the flag was, the commonly accepted version consisted of either an altered Red Ensign or Blue Ensign with the words "George III Rex (Latin: King) and the Liberties of America. No Popery".

Catholic Church in Canada
The Catholic Church in Canada is part of the worldwide Catholic Church and has a decentralised structure, meaning each diocesan bishop is autonomous but under the spiritual leadership of the Pope and the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops. As of 2021, it has the largest number of adherents to a Christian denomination or religion in Canada, with 29.4% of Canadians (10.8 million) being adherents according to the census in 2021.
Baccharis havardii
Baccharis havardii is a North American species of shrubs in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Havard's false willow. It is native to Chihuahua, southern New Mexico, and western Texas.

Baccharis havardii is a branching shrub up  to 70 cm (28 inches) tall. It has narrow leaves and many small flower heads. It grows on dry, rocky slopes in mountains such as the Guadelupe, Davis, and Chisos Ranges.

The species is named for French-American botanist and career army officer Valery Havard (1846 – 1927).

Guadalupe Mountains
The Guadalupe Mountains (Spanish: Sierra de Guadalupe) are a mountain range located in West Texas and southeastern New Mexico. The range includes the highest summit in Texas, Guadalupe Peak, 8,751 ft (2,667 m), and the "signature peak" of West Texas, El Capitan, both of which are located within Guadalupe Mountains National Park. The Guadalupe Mountains are bordered by the Pecos River valley and Llano Estacado to the east and north, Delaware Mountains to the south, and Sacramento Mountains to the west. One of the clearest exposures of a prehistoric reef is preserved in the mountain range's bedrock geology. Bedrock contains fossils of reef-dwelling organisms from the Permian period, and the geology is widely studied, mostly by stratigraphers, paleontologists, and Paleoecologists (see geology section).
Quasi-relative interior
In topology, a branch of mathematics, the quasi-relative interior of a subset of a vector space is a refinement of the concept of the interior.  Formally, if  is a linear space then the quasi-relative interior of  is

where  denotes the closure of the conic hull.

Let  be a normed vector space. If  is a convex finite-dimensional set then  such that  is the relative interior.

Dimension (vector space)
In mathematics, the dimension of a vector space V is the cardinality (i.e., the number of vectors) of a basis of V over its base field. It is sometimes called Hamel dimension (after Georg Hamel) or algebraic dimension to distinguish it from other types of dimension.

For every vector space there exists a basis, and all bases of a vector space have equal cardinality; as a result, the dimension of a vector space is uniquely defined. We say  is finite-dimensional if the dimension of  is finite, and infinite-dimensional if its dimension is infinite.

The dimension of the vector space  over the field  can be written as  or as  read "dimension of  over ". When  can be inferred from context,  is typically written.
Raritan River Bridge
The Raritan River Bridge is a rail bridge over the Raritan River, in New Brunswick and Highland Park in Middlesex County, New Jersey, U.S. The arch bridge carries the Northeast Corridor (NEC) at MP 30.92. It is owned by Amtrak, and New Jersey Transit's Northeast Corridor Line also uses this bridge. It also crosses over New Jersey Route 18.

The bridge was constructed in 1903 by the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR). It consists of 21 spans of stone arches, the clear spans varying from 51 feet to 72 feet each, and has a total length of 1,428 feet (435 m). The line was electrified by 1933 and between 1948 and 1950 the bridge was encased in concrete.

The bridge was documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in 1977. It is contributing property of the unlisted Pennsylvania Railroad New York to Philadelphia Historic District (ID#4568), designated in 2002 by the New Jersey State Historic Preservation Office.

Arch bridge
An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch. Arch bridges work by transferring the weight of the bridge and its loads partially into a horizontal thrust restrained by the abutments at either side, and partially into a vertical load on the arch supports. A viaduct (a long bridge) may be made from a series of arches, although other more economical structures are typically used today.
Market Overton
Market Overton is a village on the northern edge of the county of Rutland in the East Midlands of England. The population of the civil parish (including Teigh) was 494 at the 2001 census, increasing to 584 at the 2011 census.

East Midlands
The East Midlands is one of nine official regions of England. It comprises the eastern half of the area traditionally known as the Midlands. It consists of Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire (except for North Lincolnshire and North East Lincolnshire), Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, and Rutland. The region has a land area of 15,623 km2 (6,032 sq mi), with an estimated population 5,063,164 in 2024. With a sufficiency-level world city ranking, Nottingham is the only settlement in the region to be classified by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.

The main cities in the region are Derby, Leicester, Lincoln and Nottingham. The largest towns in these counties are Boston, Chesterfield, Coalville, Corby, Glossop, Grantham, Kettering, Loughborough, Newark-on-Trent, Northampton, Mansfield, Oakham, Swadlincote and Wellingborough.
Chancé
Chancé (French pronunciation: [ʃɑ̃se]; Breton: Kantieg) is a former commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Piré-Chancé.

Brittany (administrative region)
Brittany (French: Bretagne [bʁətaɲ] ⓘ; Breton: Breizh [brɛjs]; Gallo: Bertaèyn [bəʁtaɛɲ]) is an administrative region of Metropolitan France, comprising the departments of Côtes-d'Armor, Finistère, Ille-et-Vilaine, and Morbihan. Its capital and largest city is Rennes.

Bordered by the English Channel to the north, the Celtic Sea to the west, and the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay) to the south, Brittany's neighboring regions are Normandy to the northeast and Pays de la Loire to the southeast. It is one of two regions in Metropolitan France where all departments have direct access to the sea, the other being Corsica.

The region of Brittany is sometimes referred to as "administrative Brittany" in contrast to "historical Brittany" or "cultural Brittany", which also includes the Loire-Atlantique and whose potential reunification with the administrative region has been a subject of debate for decades.
Komárek
Komárek (feminine: Komárková) is a Czech surname meaning "little mosquito". Notable people include:

Božena Komárková (1903–1997), Czech philosopher and theologian

Jaroslava Komárková (1927–2010), Czech athlete

Jiří Komárek (born 1931), phycologist with the botanical abbreviation "Komárek"

Josef Komarek (born 1992), American musician

Karel Komárek (born 1969), Czech billionaire

Konstantin Komarek (born 1992), Austrian ice hockey player

Lukáš Komárek (born 1982), Slovak ice hockey player

Martin Komárek (born 1984), Czech footballer

Miroslav Komárek (1924–2013), Czech linguist

Valtr Komárek (1930–2013), Czech politician

Věra Komárková (1942–2005), Czech mountaineer

Miroslav Komárek
Miroslav Komárek (20 April 1924 – 15 August 2013) was a Czech historical linguist and professor emeritus of the Faculty of Arts at Palacký University in Olomouc. His academic publications focused on the morphology and phonology of the Czech language from the diachronic perspective.
Gun Crazy (EP)
Gun Crazy is an EP by the Berkeley, California punk rock band The Mr. T Experience, released in 1993 by Lookout! Records. It was the band's first release as a three-piece, following the departure of guitarist/vocalist and founding member Jon Von Zelowitz earlier in the year. The band had previously released the song "Together Tonight" as a four-piece on Strum ünd Bang, Live!? in 1992, but recorded a new version for this release. All three tracks were later re-recorded for the album Our Bodies Our Selves.

Gun Crazy soon went out of print because the band did not secure legal permission for use of the EP's cover photograph. However, its first two tracks were re-released on the CD version of Big Black Bugs Bleed Blue Blood.

It was rated three out of five stars by AllMusic.

Lookout Records
Lookout Records (stylized as Lookout! Records) was an independent record label, initially based in Laytonville, California, and later in Berkeley, focusing on punk rock. Established in 1987, the label is best known for having released Operation Ivy’s only album, Energy, and Green Day's first two albums, 39/Smooth and Kerplunk.

Following the departure of co-founder Larry Livermore in 1997, the label departed from its "East Bay sound" and proved unable to match early success. In 2005 the label ran into financial difficulties after several high-profile artists rescinded the rights to their Lookout Records material. After a period of rapid contraction the label slowly expired, terminating operations and removing its music from online distribution channels early in 2012.
Melanie Palenik
Melanie Palenik  (born 1966) is a Canadian-born American freestyle skier and world champion.

She competed at the FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships 1986 in Tignes, in aerials and moguls. She won a gold medal in combined at the FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships 1989 in Oberjoch, and a bronze medal in aerials, while placing tenth in moguls and tenth in ballet. In 1988 she won a gold medal in aerials at the Olympics in Calgary Canada. She also took part in the FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships 1991 in Lake Placid, New York, where she placed 8th in moguls.

Lake Placid, New York
Lake Placid is a village in Essex County, New York, United States, within the Adirondack Mountains. Its population was 2,205 at the 2020 census. Lake Placid became known internationally for hosting the 1932 and the 1980 Winter Olympics. Lake Placid has also hosted the 1972 and 2023 Winter World University Games, as well as the 2000 Goodwill Winter Games. The village is near the center of the town of North Elba, 50 miles (80 km) southwest of Plattsburgh.
Peng!
Peng! is the debut studio album by English-French band Stereolab. It was released on 26 May 1992 by Too Pure in the United Kingdom. The album was issued in the United States on 13 June 1995 by Too Pure and American Recordings. A remastered edition of the album was released on 9 November 2018 by Too Pure and Beggars Arkive.

The album's title (a German onomatopoeia for a loud pop or bang) and cover art are derived from a comic strip named "Der tödliche Finger" that appeared in a 1970 issue of Hotcha, a Swiss underground newspaper. Different panels of the same strip were adapted into cover art for other early Stereolab releases, and remain popular icons for the band.

American Recordings (record label)
American Recordings (formerly Def American Recordings, Inc.) is an American record label headed by producer Rick Rubin. The label has featured artists such as Slayer, the Black Crowes, ZZ Top, Danzig, Trouble, Tom Petty, Johnny Cash, The Mother Hips, and System of a Down.
Northern Co-operative Society
Northern Co-operative Society Limited (abbreviated to Norco), previously named Northern Co-operative Company Limited, was a local consumer co-operative trading in Aberdeen, Scotland, from 1861 to 1993.
It operated supermarkets and other businesses throughout Aberdeenshire, and employed 2000 people in 1992.

It was put into the hands of a receiver for liquidation in 1993, as a result of financial difficulties that The Guardian newspaper attributed to "an over-ambitious building and development programme" and failed attempts to dispose of the entire business as a going concern, despite the successful sale of its dairy, five pharmacies, and then several supermarkets to Argyll Stores and the Co-operative Wholesale Society (CWS).

Ellon, Aberdeenshire
Ellon (Scottish Gaelic: Eilean) is a town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, approximately 16 miles (26 kilometres) north of Aberdeen, lying on the River Ythan, which has one of the few undeveloped river estuaries on the eastern coast of Scotland. It is in the ancient region of Formartine. Its name is believed to derive from the Gaelic term Eilean, meaning island, reflecting the town’s historical position at a ford on the River Ythan. In 1707 it was made a burgh of barony for the Earl of Buchan. It is twinned with the city of Chièvres in Hainaut Province, Belgium.
Aloinopsis malherbei
Aloinopsis malherbei is a species of succulent plant, also known as the giant jewel plant. It is native to the Cape Provinces of South Africa, especially the area around Calvinia and Loeriesfontein. The plant produces a thick tuber and produces yellow flowers. Unlike other Aloinopsis, it only has tubercles (bumps) at the leaf tips.

It was named in honour of Marthinus Lourens Malherbe of Soekershof.

Calvinia
Calvinia is a regional town in the Northern Cape province of South Africa named after the French religious reformer Jean Calvin. The town falls under the Hantam Local Municipality which forms part of the Namakwa District Municipality. The Calvinia district is part of the Great Karoo region of South Africa. The town is just south of the Hantam mountains on the banks of the Oorlogskloof (meaning "War Ravine") River.

Calvinia enjoys 80% starlight and is renowned for its kaleidoscope of spring wildflowers coinciding with the Namaqualand wildflower spectacle.

An asteroid (1245 Calvinia) is named after the town.
Francis Nkhoma
Francis Xavier Nkhoma (c. 1937 – 15 May 2009) was a Zambian politician and the former governor of the Bank of Zambia (1987 – 1989). He briefly served as the President of the United National Independence Party between 2000 and 2001.

United National Independence Party
The United National Independence Party (UNIP) is a political party in Zambia. It governed the country from 1964 to 1991 under the socialist presidency of Kenneth Kaunda, and was the sole legal party in the country between 1973 and 1990. On 4 April 2021, Bishop Trevor Mwamba was elected President of UNIP.
Myoga
Myoga (茗荷, myōga, also myoga ginger) or Japanese ginger is the species Zingiber mioga in the family Zingiberaceae. It is a deciduous herbaceous perennial native to Japan, China, and the southern part of Korea. Only its  edible flower buds and flavorful shoots are used in cooking.  The flower buds are finely shredded and used in Japanese cuisine as a garnish for miso soup, sunomono, and dishes such as roasted eggplant. In Korean cuisine, the flower buds are skewered alternately with pieces of meat and then are pan-fried.

Miso
Miso (みそ or 味噌) is a traditional Japanese seasoning. It is a thick paste produced by fermenting soybeans with salt and kōji (the fungus Aspergillus oryzae), and sometimes rice, barley, seaweed, or other ingredients. It is used for sauces and spreads; pickling vegetables, fish, or meats; and mixing with dashi soup stock to serve as miso soup, a Japanese culinary staple food. Miso is high in protein and rich in minerals, and it played an important nutritional role in feudal Japan. Miso is widely used in both traditional and modern cooking in Japan, and as of 2018 had been gaining worldwide interest.

Typically, miso is salty, but its flavor and aroma depend on the ingredients and fermentation process. Different varieties of miso have been variously described as salty, sweet, earthy, fruity, or savory.
IEC 61850
IEC 61850 is an international standard defining communication protocols for intelligent electronic devices at electrical substations. It is a part of the International Electrotechnical Commission's (IEC) Technical Committee 57 reference architecture for electric power systems. The abstract data models defined in IEC 61850 can be mapped to a number of protocols. Current mappings in the standard are to Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS), Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) [see section 3, Terms and definitions, term 3.65 on page 14], SV (Sampled Values) or SMV (Sampled Measure Values), and so on to web services. In the previous version of the standard, GOOSE stood for "Generic Object Oriented Substation Event", but this old definition is still very common in IEC 61850 documentation.

Manufacturing Message Specification
Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) is an international standard (ISO 9506) dealing with messaging systems for transferring real time process data and supervisory control information between networked devices or computer applications. The standard is developed and maintained by the ISO Technical Committee 184 (TC184). MMS defines the following

A set of standard objects which must exist in every device, on which operations like read, write, event signaling etc. can be executed. Virtual manufacturing device (VMD) is the main object and all other objects like variables, domains, journals, files etc. comes under VMD.

A set of standard messages exchanged between a client and a server stations for the purpose of monitoring or controlling these objects.

A set of encoding rules for mapping these messages to bits and bytes when transmitted.