hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rhenium–osmium dating
Rhenium–osmium dating is a form of radiometric dating based on the beta decay of the isotope 187Re to 187Os.  This normally occurs with a half-life of 41.6 × 109 y, but studies using fully ionised 187Re atoms have found that this can decrease to only 33 y. Both rhenium and osmium are strongly siderophilic (iron loving), while Re is also chalcophilic (sulfur loving) making it useful in dating sulfide ores such as gold and Cu–Ni deposits.

This dating method is based on an isochron calculated based on isotopic ratios measured using N-TIMS (Negative – Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry).

Sulfide mineral
The sulfide minerals are a class of minerals containing sulfide (S2−) or disulfide (S2−2) as the major anion. Some sulfide minerals are economically important as metal ores. The sulfide class also includes the selenides, the tellurides, the arsenides, the antimonides, the bismuthinides, the sulfarsenides and the sulfosalts.  Sulfide minerals are inorganic compounds.
Allhusen v Whittell
Allhusen v Whitell (1867) LR 4 Eq 295 is an English trusts law case which lays down a rule of equity which requires the trustee of a trust to strike a fair balance between the beneficiaries who are tenants for life and those who are remaindermen in respect of payment of the debts of an estate.  The life tenant under a will is entitled to income earned after the testator's death, but it often takes some time to ascertain and settle all of those debts.  In the meantime the assets of the estate are earning income for tenant for life, whereas the life tenant should only receive income from the estate net of the debts; the rule in Allhusen v White requires the life tenant to make a contribution.

Life estate
In common law and statutory law, a life estate (or life tenancy) is the ownership of immovable property for the duration of a person's life. In legal terms, it is an estate in real property that ends at death, when the property rights may revert to the original owner or to another person. The owner of a life estate is called a "life tenant". The person who will take over the rights upon death is said to have a "remainder" interest and is known as a "remainderman".
Bielawy, Kartuzy County
Bielawy [bjɛˈlavɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przodkowo, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Kartuzy County
Kartuzy County (Polish: powiat kartuski; Kashubian: kartësczi pòwiat) is a county in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, with administrative seat and largest town being Kartuzy.

It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The only other town in the county is Żukowo. The county covers an area of 1,120.04 square kilometres (432.4 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 137,942, out of which the population of Kartuzy is 14,536, that of Żukowo is 6,691, and the rural population is 116,715.

Kartuzy County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship

Kartuzy County is bordered by Wejherowo County to the north, the city of Gdynia to the north-east, the city of Gdańsk and Gdańsk County to the east, Kościerzyna County to the south, Bytów County to the west, and Lębork County to the north-west.
William Hewat
William Hewat was an Irish politician and company director. He was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Businessmen's Party Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin North constituency at the 1923 general election. He did not contest the June 1927 general election.

Dublin North (Dáil constituency)
Dublin North was a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas, from 1981 to 2016, representing an area in the north of County Dublin (later Fingal). A previous constituency of the same existed in Dublin City from 1923 to 1937. The method of election was proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
Juan Gregorio Lemos
Juan Gregorio Lemos (1764-1822) was an Argentine military man and politician who served in the Army of the Andes under the command of General San Martín. He had outstanding participation in the politics of the province of Mendoza, exerting diverse public positions.

Mendoza Province
Mendoza (Spanish pronunciation: [menˈdosa]), officially the Province of Mendoza, is a province of Argentina, in the western central part of the country in the Cuyo region. It borders San Juan to the north, La Pampa and Neuquén to the south, San Luis to the east, and the republic of Chile to the west; the international limit is marked by the Andes mountain range. Its capital city is the homonymous city of Mendoza.

Covering an area of 148,827 km2, it is the seventh biggest province of Argentina with 5.35% of the country's total area. The population for 2022 is 2,014,533 inhabitants, which makes it the fifth most populated region of the country, or 4.38% of the total national population.
Jannie Lasimbang
Jannie Lasimbang (born 29 November 1962) is a Malaysian politician who has served as Chairperson of the Rural Development Corporation (KPD) of Sabah since February 2023. She served as the State Assistant Minister of Law and Native Affairs of Sabah in the Heritage Party (WARISAN) state administration under former Chief Minister Shafie Apdal and former Minister Aidi Moktar from May 2018 to the collapse of the WARISAN state administration in September 2020 and Member of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Kapayan from May 2018 to November 2025. She is a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition. She has also served as the State Vice Chairperson of DAP of Sabah since October 2024. She also served as the International Secretary of DAP from March 2022 to March 2025. She is also the sister of Jennifer Lasimbang, former State Assistant Minister of Education and Innovation of Sabah and former Moyog MLA.

Aidi Moktar
Aidi bin Moktar is a Malaysian politician who has been the State Minister of Law and Native Affairs. He served as the Member of Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Pantai Manis from May 2018 until September 2020. He is a member of the Sabah Heritage Party (WARISAN).
Jake Trotter
Jake Trotter is a football writer for ESPN primarily focused on the Cleveland Browns and formerly the Big 12 Conference. He previously worked at The Oklahoman, Austin American-Statesman, and Middletown Journal. Sources: Dallas Morning News, WIBW-TV in Topeka, Kansas, WVOC 560 The Team AM Sports Radio in Columbia, South Carolina, KFOR-TV in Oklahoma City, and The Cincinnati Enquirer.

WVOC
WVOC (560 AM) – branded News Radio 103.5 & 560 WVOC – is a commercial news/talk radio station licensed to serve Columbia, South Carolina. Owned by iHeartMedia, Inc., the station covers the Columbia metropolitan area. The WVOC studios and transmitter are located in Columbia. In addition to a standard analog transmission, WVOC is simulcast over FM translator W278CY (103.5 FM), and is available online via iHeartRadio.

WVOC's power is 5,000 watts around the clock from a three-tower facility west of Columbia. By day it uses a non-directional signal from a single tower. Its daytime signal provides at least secondary coverage as far north as the Charlotte suburbs, as far west as Spartanburg and Greenwood, and as far south as the Augusta and Charleston suburbs. At night, power is fed to all three towers in a directional pattern to protect other stations on 560 AM. This concentrates WVOC's signal in the central part of the state.
Aarhus Municipal Hospital
Aarhus Municipal Hospital, or Aarhus Sygehus, Nørrebrogade, was a hospital in Aarhus, serving 125 years from 1893 to 2018. The hospital was a department of Aarhus University Hospital and had sections for oncology, orthopedic surgery, medicine and neuro surgery. It also had an emergency department and was one of four trauma centers in Denmark.

In 2018 and early 2019, the hospitals functions were relocated to the new headquarters of Aarhus University Hospital in the northern borough of Skejby. The hospital buildings are situated on Nørrebrogade in the district of Midtbyen and they are scheduled for redevelopment as of 2019. The new borough will become part of the central University Campus at Aarhus University, and is now referred to as Universitetsbyen (The University Town).

Kay Fisker
Kay Otto Fisker Hon. FAIA (14 February 1893 – 21 June 1965) was a Danish architect, designer and educator. He is mostly known for his many housing projects, mainly in the Copenhagen area, and is considered a leading exponent of Danish Functionalism.
Hiram Rosado
Hiram Rosado (1911-February 23, 1936) was a member of the Cadets of the Republic, the paramilitary wing of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party who, together with fellow Cadet Elías Beauchamp, carried out the 1936 assassination of Col. Elisha Francis Riggs, the United States appointed chief of the Puerto Rico Police. Both men were arrested and shot, officially while attempting to escape, at the police headquarters in San Juan. News of the assassinations spread throughout the United States and lead to legislative proposal by U.S. Senator Millard Tydings, to grant independence to Puerto Rico.

Millard Tydings
Millard Evelyn Tydings (April 6, 1890 – February 9, 1961) was an American attorney, author, soldier, state legislator, and served as a Democratic Representative and Senator in the United States Congress from Maryland, serving in the House from 1923 to 1927 and in the Senate from 1927 to 1951.
Volkan Ekici
Volkan Ekici (born 23 March 1991 in Lünen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany) is a Turkish professional footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Lüner SV of the Landesliga 3 Westfalen in Germany.

Lünen
Lünen (German pronunciation: [ˈlyːnən] ⓘ) is a town with around 86000 inhabitants in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located north of Dortmund, on both banks of the River Lippe. It is the largest town of the Unna district and part of the Ruhr Area.

In 2009 a biogas plant was built to provide electric power to the city. Lünen is the first city in the world to receive electricity via public utility companies that is generated on the base of animal waste. The plant produces up to 6.6 MW, supplying 26000 homes with heat and electricity.
Jack Falla
Jack Falla is a Guernsey born British racing driver who has had multiple podiums in Carrera Cup Australia, Carrera Cup Great Britain, he also competed in Blancpain Sprint Series as a Lamborghini Junior Driver. Winner of Wanneroo 300 Perth Australia, in GT3 class. 3rd in Carrera Cup GB.

Porsche Carrera Cup Australia Championship
Porsche Carrera Cup Australia (known commercially as the Porsche Paynter Dixon Carrera Cup Australia) is an Australian motor racing series open to Porsche 911 GT3 Cup cars. First held in 2003, it is administered by Porsche Cars Australia Pty Ltd and is sanctioned by Motorsport Australia (Formerly Confederation of Australian Motor Sport (CAMS) as a national championship through to 2015 and as a National Series from 2016-2021. Starting in 2022 the category returned as a national championship. During its history, Carrera Cup has been a leading support category for the Supercars Championship. New Zealand driver Craig Baird has been the most successful driver, winning the series five times.
Irma Cordero
Irma Cordero (8 March 1942 – 16 November 2019) was a Peruvian volleyball player. Cordero competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City and the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. She was the captain of the Peruvian team in the late 1960s and 1970s.

Cordero helped the Peruvian team win silver medals at the 1967, 1971, and 1975 Pan American Games.

Cordero died on 16 November 2019.

1971 Pan American Games
The 1971 Pan American Games, officially known as the VI Pan American Games (Spanish: VI Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Cali 1971, were held in Cali, Colombia, from 30 July to 13 August 1971. (One source dates the Games from July 25 to August 8.) A total of 2,935 athletes from 32 countries participated in 17 sports. (One source put the number of competing athletes at 4,000.)
James Alfred Birch
James Alfred Birch (8 October 1888 – 11 December 1969) was a British philatelist who signed the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1960.

Birch had award-winning collections of the stamps of Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Danish West Indies, Greenland, and Faroe Islands. He was a writer for numerous journals on Scandinavian topics and was awarded the Medal of Honour by the Copenhagen Philatelic Club for distinguished work in Danish philately.

Philately
Philately (/fɪˈlætəli/; fih-LAT-ə-lee) is the study of postage stamps and postal history. It also refers to the collection and appreciation of stamps and other philatelic products. While closely associated with stamp collecting and the study of postage, it is possible to be a philatelist without owning any stamps. For instance, the stamps being studied may be very rare or reside only in museums.
Ionosonde Juliusruh
The Ionosonde Juliusruh is a facility of the institute for atmospheric physics near Juliusruh in northeastern Germany for sounding the ionosphere with radar systems in the short wave range (frequencies between 1 MHz and 30 MHz). The landmark of the station is a 70 metre high grounded free standing steel framework tower, which was built in 1960/61 and which carries a cage aerial for the transmitter of the ionosonde.

Cage aerial
A cage antenna (British cage aerial) is a radio antenna where a conventional design has been augmented by replacing a single long conductor with several parallel wires, connected at their ends, and held in position by ring spacers or support struts mounted on a central mast (if any). The "cage" is either mounted around a central mast (either conducting or non-conducting) or suspended from overhead wires.
Order of the Equatorial Star
The Order of the Equatorial Star (French: Ordre de l'Etoile Equatoriale) is a state order of Gabon.

Instituted on 6 August 1959, it is awarded for personal merit and service to the nation, both civil and military. It has five grades: Grand Cross, Grand Officer, Commander, Officer and Knight.

Order (distinction)
An order is a visible honour awarded by a sovereign state, monarch, dynastic house or organisation to a person, typically in recognition of individual merit, that often comes with distinctive insignia such as collars, medals, badges, and sashes worn by recipients.

Modern honour systems of state orders and dynastic orders emerged from the culture of  orders of chivalry of the Middle Ages, which in turn emerged from the Catholic religious orders.
The Marina Torch
The Marina Torch, also known as Dubai Torch, Dubai Torch Tower, and The Torch, is a  residential skyscraper in Dubai Marina in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is 352 metres (1,155 ft) tall, with 86 floors above ground and 4 below, and was the tallest residential building in the world on its completion in 2011, surpassing Q1 in Gold Coast, Australia.

The building was damaged by fire on 21 February 2015, as well as while it was undergoing restorative work on 4 August 2017, and again on 5 January 2019.

As of 2022, it is the 11th-tallest building in Dubai and the ninth-tallest residential building in the world.

Q1 (building)
Q1 Tower (an abbreviation of Queensland Number One) is a 322.5-metre (1,058 ft) supertall skyscraper in Queensland, Australia. The residential tower on the Gold Coast was the world's tallest residential building from 2005 to 2011. It is the tallest building in Australia, the second tallest building in the Southern Hemisphere, behind the Autograph Tower in Jakarta, and the third-tallest free-standing structure in the Southern Hemisphere, behind the Autograph Tower in Jakarta, Indonesia, and the Sky Tower in Auckland, New Zealand. The Q1 officially opened in November 2005.

The landmark building was recognised as one of Queensland's icons during the state's 150th-birthday celebrations.
Rudy, Silesian Voivodeship
Rudy ([ˈrudɨ], also known as Rudy Wielkie or Rudy Raciborskie) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kuźnia Raciborska, within Racibórz County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

With history going back to the 13th century, it is a site of the  gothic Cistercian Rudy Palace-Monastery. There is also a narrow gauge railway station and museum in the village.

Rudy gives its name to the protected area called Rudy Landscape Park (in full: "Landscape Park of the Cistercian Landscape Compositions of Rudy Wielkie").

Racibórz County
Racibórz County (Polish: powiat raciborski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Czech border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Racibórz, which lies 58 kilometres (36 mi) west of the regional capital Katowice. The county also contains the towns of Kuźnia Raciborska, lying 16 km (10 mi) north of Racibórz, and Krzanowice, 11 km (7 mi) south-west of Racibórz.

The county covers an area of 543.98 square kilometres (210.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 108,388, out of which the population of Racibórz is 54,778, that of Kuźnia Raciborska is 5,359, that of Krzanowice is 2,157, and the rural population is 46,094.
Vic Hoyland
Vic Hoyland (born 11 December 1945) is a British composer.
He was born in Wombwell, Yorkshire, England.

Educated at Hull and York universities (where he completed his PhD), Hoyland was Haywood Fellow at the University of Birmingham where he became Professor in Composition until his retirement in 2011. He now lives in the North Yorkshire moors.

Influenced by Luciano Berio and Franco Donatoni, Hoyland has composed pieces for the BBC Symphony Orchestra, the Arditti Quartet and the Lindsay String Quartet. A CD of two orchestral works, Vixen and In Transit, featuring the BBC Symphony Orchestra under Martyn Brabbins was released by NMC in 2002.

Arditti Quartet
The Arditti Quartet is a string quartet founded in 1974 and led by British violinist Irvine Arditti through many changes in membership. Internationally recognized in contemporary classical music, they are noted for precision in demanding repertoire. Many composers have written for the Quartet, which often rehearses with them. The ensemble has performed worldwide, produced the largest discography of its kind, and in 1999 became the first group to receive the Ernst von Siemens Music Prize.
Rodney McIntosh
Rodney Noel McIntosh (born 26 April 1967) is a New Zealand former rugby union player.

Born in Hamilton, McIntosh was a NZ Colt who played with Waikato in the National Provincial Championship from 1986 to 1992, contributing to a title-winning side his final year. He represented NZ Maori and was an All Blacks trialist.

McIntosh relocated to Hong Kong in 1994, on the invitation of the territory's newly appointed coach George Simpkin. He joined Hong Kong Football Club and immediately made it into the national team, which were trying to qualify for the 1995 Rugby World Cup. The team were unsuccessful in this attempt but McIntosh later represented Hong Kong at the 1997 Rugby World Cup Sevens, in addition to seven appearances in the Hong Kong Sevens.

After returning to New Zealand, McIntosh was appointed Director of High Performance Sport and Rugby at St Andrew's College, Christchurch, having previously served as head coach of Hong Kong in rugby sevens.

Waikato Rugby Union
The Waikato Rugby Union (WRU) is the official governing body of rugby union in the Waikato area in the North Island of New Zealand. Headquartered in Hamilton, WRU was founded in 1921.

Its senior representative team, nicknamed the Mooloos, competes in the Mitre 10 Cup (formerly known as the ITM Cup and Air New Zealand Cup), and won the inaugural Air New Zealand Cup in 2006. The squad plays its home fixtures at the Waikato Stadium in Hamilton. The union's colours are red, yellow and black.
Beinn Eunaich
Beinn Eunaich (989 m) is a mountain in the Grampian Mountains of Scotland, located north of the village of Dalmally in Argyll and Bute.

The mountain rises steeply out of Glen Strae and is usually climbed in conjunction with its neighbour Beinn a' Chochuill.

Dalmally
Dalmally (Scottish Gaelic: Clachan an Dìseirt or Dail Mhàilidh) is a village in Argyll and Bute, Scotland. It is near the A85 road and is served by Dalmally railway station.

Former Labour Party leader John Smith was born in Dalmally in 1938. The village is the location of the Craig Lodge Community Family House of Prayer, a Roman Catholic retreat house. The charity Scottish International Relief, also known as Mary's Meals, is based in Dalmally. Glenorchy Camanachd, a shinty team, play their home games in the village at Mart Park.
Sholokhovsky (urban-type settlement)
Sholokhovsky (Russian: Шолоховский) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Belokalitvinsky District of Rostov Oblast, Russia. Population:  8,306 (2010 Census); 10,077 (2002 Census); 13,328 (1989 Soviet census).

Rostov Oblast
Rostov Oblast (Russian: Росто́вская о́бласть, romanized: Rostovskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [rɐˈstofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the Southern Federal District. The oblast has an area of 100,967 square kilometers (38,984 sq mi) and a population of 4,200,729 (2021 Census), making it the sixth most populous federal subject in Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Rostov-on-Don, which also became the administrative center of the Southern Federal District in 2002.
Independent Police Conduct Commission
The Independent Police Conduct Commission (IPCC) is an independent oversight body in Malaysia that oversees the conduct of the Royal Malaysia Police. The controversial commission is a replacement for the Independent Police Complaints and Misconduct Commission (IPCMC) which was recommended by the Royal Commission of Inquiry (RCI) to Enhance the Operation and Management of the Royal Malaysia Police in 2005.

Coming into force in June 2023, the commission is primarily tasked to consider complaints from the public against the police force and deal with police misconduct. The commission derives its power from the IPCC Act 2022. Under Section 4 of the Act, the commission's functions are to receive complaints alleging misconduct by members of the police force and advice the government on promoting integrity within the force.

Police misconduct
Police misconduct is inappropriate conduct and illegal actions taken by police officers in connection with their official duties. Types of misconduct include among others: sexual offences, coerced false confession, intimidation, false arrest, false imprisonment, falsification of evidence, spoliation of evidence, police perjury, witness tampering, police brutality, police corruption, racial profiling, unwarranted surveillance, unwarranted searches, and unwarranted seizure of property.
Citreoviridin
Citreoviridin is a mycotoxin which is produced by Penicillium and Aspergillus species. If rice, corn, cereals or meat products are contaminated with Penicillin citreoviridin, citreoviridin can be produced if the food is stored in a damp place. Consuming food which is contaminated with citreoviridin can cause the disease cardiac beri beri. Furthermore, it damages liver and kidneys.

Aspergillus
Aspergillus (/ˌæspərˈdʒɪləs/) is a genus consisting of several hundred mold species found in various climates worldwide.

Aspergillus was first catalogued in 1729 by the Italian priest and biologist Pier Antonio Micheli. Viewing the fungi under a microscope, Micheli was reminded of the shape of an aspergillum (holy water sprinkler), from Latin spargere (to sprinkle), and named the genus accordingly. Aspergillum is an asexual spore-forming structure common to all Aspergillus species; around one-third of species are also known to have a sexual stage. While some species of Aspergillus are known to cause fungal infections, others are of commercial importance.