hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Établissement public de sécurité ferroviaire
The Établissement public de sécurité ferroviaire (Public Railway Safety Establishment), abbreviated EPSF, is a public administrative body under the supervision of the Direction générale des infrastructures, des transports et des mobilités. It serves as France's national railway safety authority, in accordance with the provisions of EU Directive 2004/49/EC, which was repealed on June 16, 2020, by Directive 2016/798.

The EPSF functions independently of the Autorité de régulation des transports (ART), which is responsible for regulating the economic aspects of transport. While SNCF Réseau—France’s primary railway infrastructure manager—issues operational documentation that is binding for railway undertakings, the EPSF focuses on safety-related matters. It publishes informational resources, including procedures for rolling stock assistance, tunnel operations, and timetable compliance.

Directive (European Union)
A directive is a legal act of the European Union which requires member states to achieve particular goals without dictating how the member states achieve those goals. A directive's goals have to be made the goals of one or more new or changed national laws by the member states before this legislation applies to individuals residing in the member states. Directives normally leave member states with a certain amount of leeway as to the exact rules to be adopted. Directives can be adopted by means of a variety of legislative procedures depending on their subject matter.

The text of a draft directive (if subject to the co-decision process, as contentious matters usually are) is prepared by the Commission after consultation with its own and national experts. The draft is presented to the Parliament and the Council—composed of relevant ministers of member governments, initially for evaluation and comment and then subsequently for approval or rejection.
Jack B. Newton
John Borden "Jack" Newton (13 August 1942 – 11 November 2025) was a Canadian astronomer, known for his publications and images in amateur astrophotography, and for his outreach to educate the public about astronomy.

Newton is credited with invention of "cold camera" astrophotography, which enabled enhanced images of galaxies, the Sun, and other astronomical objects taken from a ground-based, amateur-level telescope.

His expert astrophotographs were exhibited by publication of six books and articles in astronomy, scientific, and popular magazines, and in public presentations. For his contributions to science and astronomy education over decades, Newton received national and regional astronomy awards in Canada, the United States, and England.

With his wife, Alice, Jack Newton was devoted to preserving dark skies to reveal unique celestial objects to the public.

Arp 299
Arp 299 (parts of it also known as IC 694 and NGC 3690) is a pair of colliding galaxies approximately 134 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major.  Both of the galaxies involved in the collision are barred irregular galaxies.  NGC 3690 was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 18 March 1790.

It is not completely clear which object is historically called IC 694. According to some sources, the small appendage more than an arcminute northwest of the main pair is actually IC 694, not the primary (eastern) companion.

The interaction of the two galaxies in Arp 299 produced young powerful starburst regions similar to those seen in II Zw 96.
Mark Cooney
Mark Cooney (born Mark Joseph Cooney) (June 2, 1951 – June 2, 2011) was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). Cooney was selected by the Green Bay Packers in the sixteenth round of the 1974 NFL draft and played that season with the team.

Cooney, then a linebacker at Colorado was named an MVP of the 1972 Gator Bowl, which Colorado lost 3–24 to Auburn.

Cooney was a long-time real estate broker in Arvada, Colorado. He was also a member of the Board of Elders of Faith Bible Chapel.

He died in Arvada, Colorado on June 2, 2011.

Arvada, Colorado
Arvada (/ɑːrˈvædə/) is a home rule city located in Jefferson and Adams counties, Colorado, United States. The city population was 124,402 at the 2020 United States census, with 121,510 residing in Jefferson County and 2,892 in Adams County. Arvada is the seventh most populous city in Colorado. The city is a part of the Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Front Range Urban Corridor. The Olde Town Arvada historic district is 7 miles (11 km) northwest of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver.
12th Infantry Division (France)
12th Infantry Division (12e division d'infanterie or 12e DI) was an infantry division of the French Army which took part in the Napoleonic Wars, World War I and World War II. It fought at the Battle of the Nations in 1813. It was converted to a motorised infantry role at Mourmelon-le-Grand in 1939 a few days before the French declaration of war on Germany and renamed 12th Motorised Infantry Division (12e division d'infanterie motorisée or 12e DIM)

Rembercourt-Sommaisne
Rembercourt-Sommaisne (French pronunciation: [ʁɑ̃bɛʁkuʁ sɔmɛn]) is a commune in the Meuse department in Grand Est in northeastern France.

Rembercourt-Sommaisne was created on 1 January 1973 when the former communes of Rembercourt-aux-Pots and Sommaisne were joined. The 15th century church of Saint-Louvent in Rembercourt-aux-Pots is a listed monument.
James Cain (Manx politician)
The Honourable James Crookall Cain FCA (19 March 1927 – 5 May 2019) was a Manx politician, who was the Speaker of the House of Keys and former Minister of the Isle of Man Government and Member of the House of Keys for the constituency of Douglas West.

Cain was elected as MHK in 1986 and re-elected in 1991.  Formerly he was a Chartered Accountant and Partner at Pannell Kerr Forster.

Cain became acting Speaker of the House of Keys in 1990, before taking on the role permanently in 1991.  He served until 1999.

Jim Cain was born on 19 March 1927, and died on 5 May 2019, at the age of 92.

Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales
The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW) is a professional membership organisation that promotes, develops and supports chartered accountants and students around the world. As of December 2024, it has over 210,000 members and students in 150 countries. ICAEW was established by Royal Charter in 1880.
Christina Tønnesen-Friedman
Christina Wiis Tønnesen-Friedman is a Danish-American mathematician specializing in Riemannian geometry, especially of Kähler manifolds and Sasakian manifolds. She is Marie Louise Bailey Professor of Mathematics at Union College in Schenectady, New York.

Kähler manifold
In mathematics and especially differential geometry, a Kähler manifold is a manifold with three mutually compatible structures: a complex structure, a Riemannian structure, and a symplectic structure. The concept was first studied by Jan Arnoldus Schouten and David van Dantzig in 1930, and then introduced by Erich Kähler in 1933. The terminology has been fixed by André Weil. Kähler geometry refers to the study of Kähler manifolds, their geometry and topology, as well as the study of structures and constructions that can be performed on Kähler manifolds, such as the existence of special connections like Hermitian Yang–Mills connections, or special metrics such as Kähler–Einstein metrics.

Every smooth complex projective variety is a Kähler manifold. Hodge theory is a central part of algebraic geometry, proved using Kähler metrics.
Jorge Valentín
Jorge Valentín (born 16 August 1964) is a retired Cuban sprinter who specialised in the 400 metres. He won a gold medal in the 4 × 400 metres relay at the 1991 Pan American Games.

His personal best in the event is 45.19 seconds set in Santiago de Cuba in 1987.

4 × 400 metres relay
The 4 × 400 metres relay or long relay is an athletics track event in which teams consist of four runners who each complete 400 metres or one lap, totaling 1600 meters. It is traditionally the final event of a track meet. The first leg and the first bend of the second leg are run in lanes. Start lines are thus staggered over a greater distance than in an individual 400 metres race; the runners then typically move to the inside of the track. The slightly longer 4 × 440 yards relay, on an Imperial distance, was a formerly run British Commonwealth and American event, until metrication was completed in the 1970s.
Frankie Hewitt
Frankie Hewitt (née Teague; June 17, 1931 – Feb. 28, 2003) was an American theater producer and founder of the Ford's Theatre Society, responsible for restoring and reopening the historic site as a working theater.

Ford's Theatre
Ford's Theatre is a theater in Washington, D.C., which opened in 1863. In 1865, it was the site of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln by John Wilkes Booth. The theater was later used as a warehouse and government office building. In 1893, part of its interior flooring collapsed, causing 22 deaths, and needed repairs were made. The building became a museum in 1932, and it was renovated and re-opened as a theater in 1968. A related Center for Education and Leadership museum opened in 2012, next to Petersen House.

The Petersen House and the theater are preserved together as Ford's Theatre National Historic Site, administered by the National Park Service. Programming within the theater and the Center for Education is overseen separately by the Ford's Theatre Society.
Robert Matthews (scientist)
Robert A. J. Matthews (born 23 September 1959), is a British physicist and science writer.

After graduating in physics at Corpus Christi College, Oxford University, in 1981, Matthews took up a dual career in science writing and academic research. He is currently science consultant and columnist for the science magazine BBC Focus, a freelance columnist for The National in Abu Dhabi and visiting professor in the Department of Mathematics, Aston University. He is also a Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society, a Chartered Physicist and a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society.

Royal Statistical Society
The Royal Statistical Society (RSS) is an established statistical society. It has three main roles: a British learned society for statistics, a professional body for statisticians and a charity which promotes statistics for the public good.
Inge Heiremans
Inge Heiremans is a Belgian football striker currently playing for KV Mechelen in the Belgian Second Division. She has also played for Rapide Wezemaal and K. Sint-Truidense VV (Belgian First Division), Lindenwood Lions and Jacksonville Dolphins (NCAA), FH (Úrvalsdeild), Tampa Bay Extreme (W-League), VfL Wolfsburg (Bundesliga) and KSK Heist (Super League). She first played the European Cup in 2006 with Rapide Wezemaal. Heiremans retired in 2018.

She was a member of the Belgian national team.

Jacksonville Dolphins
The Jacksonville Dolphins are the intercollegiate athletics teams that represent Jacksonville University, located in Jacksonville, Florida. The Dolphins participate in NCAA Division I athletics, and are primarily members of the ASUN Conference. Some teams in sports that are not sponsored by the ASUN play in other conferences; specifically, the men's and women's rowing teams are in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference. The men's lacrosse team had played in the Southern Conference (SoCon) from 2015 to 2022, but that sport will return to the ASUN for the 2023 season (2022–23 school year).
Lynk & Co The Next Day
The Lynk & Co Next Day Concept is a four-door four-seater concept car developed by Lynk & Co and announced in 2022. The car was meant to preview manufacturer's future design language. Specifications and production data were not announced and there is contradictory information whether this is a battery electric or a hybrid electric car.

Concept car
A concept car (also known as a concept vehicle or show vehicle) is a car made to showcase new styling or new technology. Concept cars are often exhibited at motor shows to gauge customer reaction to new and radical designs which may or may not be produced.

General Motors designer Harley Earl is generally credited with inventing the concept car, and did much to popularize it through its traveling Motorama shows of the 1950s.

Concept cars never go into production directly. In modern times, all would have to undergo many changes before the design is finalized for the sake of practicality, safety, regulatory compliance, and cost. A "production-intent" prototype, as opposed to a concept vehicle, serves this purpose.
Ozinga
Ozinga is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Frank M. Ozinga (1914–1987), American lawyer and politician

Saskia Ozinga (born 1960), Dutch environmentalist and social activist

Tim Ozinga, American politician

Saskia Ozinga
Saskia Luutsche Ozinga (born 1960 in Beverwijk) is a Dutch environmental and social activist. She is the facilitator of the Forest Movement Europe (FME) and the co-founder of the NGO FERN, which she was the campaigns coordinator, between 1995 and 2017.
Preceptor Aircraft
Preceptor Aircraft was an American aircraft kit manufacturer located in Lake Lure, North Carolina and later in Rutherfordton, North Carolina, producing kits for homebuilt monoplanes. The company was previously named Nostalgair.

After a period of inactivity, the company relaunched its website to deliver plans in 2013, although by 2017 the website was not operating  and the company seems to have gone out of business in 2016.

Lake Lure, North Carolina
Lake Lure is a town in Rutherford County, North Carolina, United States.  In 2020 the town population was 1,365. Lake Lure was incorporated in 1927, and acquired the lake after which it is named in 1965.
Hilde Magnusson Lydvo
Hilde Magnusson Lydvo (born 11 June 1970 in Narvik) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

She was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Hordaland in 2005.

On the local level she was a deputy member of the executive committee of the municipal council of Voss Municipality from 1999 to 2003. Since 2003 she is deputy leader of the county party chapter since 2003, as well as a member of the Labour Party national board.

Outside politics she graduated as cand.jur. in 2000, having studied in Oslo, Bergen and Copenhagen. She worked as a lawyer from 2000 to 2005.

Narvik (town)
Narvikⓘ (Norwegian) or Áhkánjárga (Northern Sami) is a town and the administrative centre of Narvik Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The town is located along the Ofotfjorden in the Ofoten region. The town lies on a peninsula located between the Rombaken fjord and the Beisfjorden. The European route E06 highway runs through the Beisfjord Bridge and Hålogaland Bridge crossing the two small fjords surrounding the town.

The 6.93-square-kilometre (1,710-acre) town has a population (2023) of 14,051 which gives the town a population density of 2,028 inhabitants per square kilometre (5,250/sq mi).

Narvik Church is the main church for the town. Narvik is a commercial centre for the region. The Narvik campus of the University of Tromsø has approximately 1,200 students in the town. There are some high-tech businesses in Narvik (among them Natech).
Ashish Zaidi
Ashish Winston Zaidi, popularly known as Zaidi is an Indian cricketer, who has represented Uttar Pradesh  in 157 first-class matches, as a Fast bowler between 1988 and 2006. He was almost selected to play for India in his heyday. Due to his Hindu first name, Christian middle name and Muslim surname, he was often called "Amar Akbar Anthony" by his teammates.

Ashish, an alumnus of the Guru Gobind Singh Sports College, Lucknow, announced his retirement from first class cricket on 17 December 2006 after claiming 427 wickets in 157 first-class matches in an 18-year career for his state.

Uttar Pradesh cricket team
The Uttar Pradesh cricket team, formerly United Provinces Cricket Team, is a domestic cricket team which is based in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, run by the Uttar Pradesh Cricket Association. The team competes in the first-class cricket tournament Ranji Trophy and limited-overs Vijay Hazare Trophy and Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. They have won the Ranji Trophy in 2005–06 and have been runners-up on five occasions. Cricketers such as Suresh Raina, Mohammad Kaif, Piyush Chawla, Rudra Pratap Singh, Praveen Kumar, Bhuvneshwar Kumar and Kuldeep Yadav have passed through Uttar Pradesh and gone on to represent India.
St George's Bormla Futsal
St George's Bormla Futsal Club was a Maltese futsal club founded in 2020 and dissolved three years later. The team was originating from the town of Bormla,a double-fortified harbour city in the Port Region of Malta. The futsal section of St. George's F.C., the oldest still-functioning football club in Malta, was known as one of the island's pioneer teams. Just before its dissolution in 2023, the Pioneers claimed the Enemed Challenger Cup title.

St. George's F.C.
St. George's Football Club, is a Maltese football club from the city of Cospicua in the Mediterranean island of Malta, believed to be the oldest club on the island. They are currently playing in the Maltese National Amateur League, and is popularly claimed to be the pioneers of Maltese civilian football.
Kangso Three Tombs
The Kangso Three Tombs (Korean: 강서세무덤) are mausoleums located in Kangso-guyok, North Korea. They are part of the Complex of Koguryo Tombs, a UNESCO World Heritage site, a National Treasure of North Korea #28. The large tomb is 50 metres long and 8.7 metres high, the middle tomb is 45 metres long and 7.8 metres high and the small one is 40 metres long and 6.75 metres high. Frescoes inside the tombs depict four tutelary deities. The large tomb holds depictions of a blue dragon and a black serpent-tortoise, while a white tiger and a red phoenix are depicted in the middle tomb. The frescoes are particularly colourful and show Koguryo aristocratic life in detail, including dancing, wrestling and hunting. The Kangso Three Tombs were unearthed in 1911 by Japanese archaeologist Imanishi Ryū and were extensively studied.

Tutelary deity
A tutelary (/ˈtjuːtəlɛri/; also tutelar) is a deity or a spirit who is a guardian, patron, or protector of a particular place, geographic feature, person, lineage, nation, culture, or occupation. The etymology of "tutelary" expresses the concept of safety and thus of guardianship.

In late Greek and Roman religion, one type of tutelary deity, the genius, functions as the personal deity or daimon of an individual from birth to death. Another form of personal tutelary spirit is the familiar spirit of European folklore.
WJCP
WJCP is a full-service classic hits-formatted broadcast radio station licensed to North Vernon, Indiana, serving Vernon and Jennings County, Indiana. WJCP is owned and operated by Keith Reising, through licensee Jennings County Promotion Partners, LLC.

Full-service radio
Full-service radio is a type of radio format characterized by a mix of music programming and a large amount of locally-produced and hyperlocal programming, such as news and discussion focusing on local issues, news, sports coverage, interviews, call-in segments, and sometimes religious content. The aim of full service radio is to provide a one-stop shop for listening needs and serve a wider demographic. Music played may be a variety or catered to a certain demographic, usually by local DJs. Full service radio saw a decline after television became widespread in the 1950s.
Ethnic groups in Southeast Asia
The ethnic groups in Southeast Asia comprise many different ethnolinguistic stocks. Besides indigenous Southeast Asians, many East Asians and South Asians call Southeast Asia their home. The total Southeast Asian population stands at 655 million (2019).

Mandarese people
The Mandarese are an Austronesian ethnic group native to province of West Sulawesi. The Mandar language belongs to the Northern subgroup of the South Sulawesi languages group of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family. The closest language to Mandar is the Toraja-Sa'dan language.
Turkish Ladies Open
The Turkish Airlines Ladies Open was a professional golf tournament on the Ladies European Tour that was held at the National Golf Club in Belek, Antalya, Turkey. It was first played in 2008 but was cancelled the following year due to lack of sponsorship. It returned to the schedule in 2010 with Turkish Airlines sponsorship.

Turkish Airlines
Turkish Airlines (Turkish: Türk Hava Yolları), or legally Türk Hava Yolları Anonim Ortaklığı, is the flag carrier of Turkey. As of June 2024, it operates scheduled services to 352 destinations (including cargo) in Europe, Asia, Oceania, Africa, and the Americas. The airline serves more destinations non-stop from a single airport than any other airline in the world and flies to 131 countries, more than any other airline. With an operational fleet of 24 cargo aircraft, the airline's cargo division Turkish Cargo serves 82 destinations. The airline also owns a low-cost subsidiary, AJet.

The airline's corporate headquarters are on the grounds of Atatürk Airport in Yeşilköy, Bakırköy, Istanbul. The airline's main base is Istanbul Airport in Arnavutköy. It has been a member of the Star Alliance network since 1 April 2008.
Samuel L. Kountz
Samuel Lee Kountz Jr. (October 30, 1930 – December 23, 1981) was an African-American kidney transplantation surgeon from Lexa, Arkansas. He was most distinguished for his pioneering work in the field of kidney transplantations, and in research, discoveries, and inventions in Renal Science. In 1961, while working at the Stanford University Medical Center, he performed the first successful Kidney transplant between humans who were not identical twins. Six years later, he and a team of researchers at the University of California, San Francisco, developed the prototype for the Belzer kidney perfusion machine, a device that can preserve kidneys for up to 50 hours from the time they are taken from a donor's body. It is now standard equipment in hospitals and research laboratories around the world.

Stanford University Medical Center
Stanford University Medical Center is an American teaching hospital which includes Stanford Health Care and Stanford Children's Health. It serves as a private hospital for the Stanford University School of Medicine. In 2022–23, it was ranked by the U.S. News as the 3rd-best hospital in California (behind Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and UCLA Medical Center) and 10th-best in the country.
2011 Tour of Belgium
The 2011 Tour of Belgium is the 81st edition of the Tour of Belgium cycling stage race. It takes place from 25 May to 29 May 2011 in Belgium. The race is part of the UCI Europe Tour. It begins with a short prologue in Buggenhout, followed by four longer stages, ultimately finishing in Putte.

Race stage
A race stage, leg, or heat is a unit of a race that has been divided in several parts for the reason such as length of the distance to be covered, as in a multi-day event. Usually, such a race consists of "ordinary" stages, but sometimes stages are held as an individual time trial or a team time trial. Long races such as the Tour de France, Absa Cape Epic or the Giro d'Italia are known for their stages of one day each, whereas the boat sailing Velux 5 Oceans Race is broken down in usually four stages of several weeks duration each, where the competitors are racing continuously day and night. In bicycling and running events, a race with stages is known as a stage race. Other examples include ultramarathons and adventure racing.