hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mush Crawford
Walter Charles "Mush" Crawford (December 23, 1898 – October 27, 1966) was an American football player and coach. He played professionally as a guard in the National Football League (NFL). Crawford first played with the Chicago Bears during the 1925 NFL season. During the 1927 NFL season he played with the New York Yankees. He also had been a member of the Chicago Bulls of the American Football League during the 1926 American Football League season.

Crawford served as the head football coach at San Jose State Teachers College (now known as San Jose State University) from 1929 to 1931 and at the Stout Institute (now known as the University of Wisconsin–Stout) from 1935 to 1937.

New York Yankees (NFL)
The New York Yankees were a short-lived professional American football team from 1926 to 1929. The team was a member of the first American Football League (AFL) in 1926, and later the National Football League (NFL) from 1927 to 1929. They played their home games at Yankee Stadium. The team featured Red Grange at halfback.
12th National Film Awards
The 12th National Film Awards, then known as State Awards for Films, presented by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India to felicitate the best of Indian Cinema released in 1964. Ceremony took place at Vigyan Bhavan, New Delhi on 31 May 1965 and awards were given by then Governor of Maharashtra, P. V. Cherian.

Starting with 12th National Film Awards, a new award was introduced at All India level for Best Story Writer. Also awards for films made in English and Kashmiri language are also considered for the President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film in the respective language at the regional level.

P. V. Cherian
Palathinkal Varkey Cherian (or Cheriyan) (9 July 1893 – 9 November 1969) was a physician, surgeon and politician from India. He was the Governor of Maharashtra from 14 November 1964 to 8 November 1969.
Ecce sacerdos magnus
Ecce sacerdos magnus is a piece of Christian religious music.

It is an antiphon and a responsory from the common of confessor bishops in the Liturgy of the Hours and in the Graduale Romanum, and the Epistle in their proper Mass. It belongs to Sir 50,1.Ecce sacerdos magnus

Roman Gradual
The Roman Gradual (Latin: Graduale Romanum) is an official liturgical book of the Roman Rite of the Roman Catholic Church containing chants, including the proper and many more, for use in Mass.

The editio typica dates from 1908. The latest edition of 1974 takes account of the 1970 revision of the Roman Missal.

In 1979, the Graduale Triplex: The Roman Gradual With the Addition of Neums from Ancient Manuscripts (ISBN 978-2852740440 in English (1985), ISBN 978-2-85274-094-5 in Latin) was published. It added reproductions of the neumes from ancient manuscripts placed above and below the later notation.
Valayal Satham
Valayal Satham (transl. The Sound of Bangles) is a 1987 Indian Tamil-language film written and directed by Jeevabalan. The film stars Murali, Bhagyalakshmi (credited as Bhagya), Raja and Madhuri. It was released on 13 February 1987.

Madhuri (Tamil actress)
Madhuri is an Indian actress who performed in a number of Tamil-language and Malayalam-language films during the 1980s and early 1990s. She was one of the leading contemporary actresses of her time appearing in numerous performance-oriented Tamil films.
Hadi Aghily
Hadi Anvar Aghily (Persian: هادی عقیلی; born 15 January 1981) is a former Iranian professional footballer who played as a centre-back. Known for his toughness, positioning and intelligent movement, he was nominated for the Asian Player of The Year award twice in 2009 and 2011.

Aghily began his career at Saipa, then moved to Sepahan and reached the 2007 AFC Champions League Final. He spent two successful seasons in Qatar with Al-Arabi and Qatar SC, before returning to Sepahan and concluding his football career in 2016.

He captained the Iranian national team on multiple occasions.

2007 AFC Champions League
The 2007 AFC Champions League was the 26th edition of the top-level Asian club football tournament and the 5th edition under the current AFC Champions League title.

Japanese side Urawa Red Diamonds became champions for the first time, beating Sepahan of Iran and becoming the fourth Japanese club to win the Asian championship, and qualified for the 2007 FIFA Club World Cup.
Prachi Dhabal Deb
Prachi Dhabal Deb (born 1986) is an Indian cake artist. At Vigyan Bhawan in Delhi, she received an award for her cakes by Union Minister of Road Transport and Highways of India, Nitin Gadkari. She is an Associate Artist with the Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies. At the Bharat Leadership Awards in 2021 she received award from Governor of Maharashtra, Bhagat Singh Koshiyari. She has created a 100-kg cake and a 200-kg cake.

Vigyan Bhawan
Vigyan Bhawan ("science building") is a premier conference centre of the Government of India in New Delhi. Built in 1956, over the years it has been the venue of conferences of national and international stature, seminars and award ceremonies attended by distinguished world leaders and dignitaries, including Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) in 1983, 7th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), 7–12 March 1983, and SAARC Summit. It is managed by the Directorate of Estates, under the Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, and maintained by CPWD.

It only holds National-level functions and conferences, and functions by the Government of India, State Governments,
PSUs and Autonomous Bodies order by priority given. It is allotted to NGOs/Private Enterprises where either the President, Vice President or the Prime Minister of India are present. It also holds various award ceremonies, including the annual National Film Awards.
Lake Whangape
Lake Whangape (also written as Wangape, Whangapu, or Whangapae) is shallow, supertrophic, lateral and the second largest lake (after Lake Waikare) in the lower Waikato River basin in New Zealand. One source said the name translated to 'a large sheet of water', another that it was a chief's name.

From the 1860s the catchment has lost most of its forest cover and the lake has changed from clear and rich in aquatic vegetation to a murky, algal lake.

Alternanthera philoxeroides
Alternanthera philoxeroides, commonly referred to as alligator weed, is a native species to the temperate regions of South America, which includes Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Argentina alone hosts around 27 species that fall within the range of the genus Alternanthera. Its geographic range once covered only the Parana River region of South America, but it has since expanded, having been introduced to over 30 countries, such as the United States, Japan, China, Australia, New Zealand and many more. This invasive species is believed to have been accidentally introduced to these non-native regions through sediments trapped by, or attached to, tanks and cargo of ships travelling from South America to these various areas.
Estelle (surname)
Estelle is the surname of:

Dick Estelle (born 1942), American former baseball pitcher

Don Estelle (1933–2003), British actor

Jean-Baptiste Estelle (1662–1723), French consul in the Moroccan city of Salé and mayor of Marseille

Julie Estelle (born 1989), Indonesian actress and model

Mark Estelle (born 1981), American former football player

Dick Estelle
Richard Henry Estelle (born January 18, 1942) is an American former Major League Baseball pitcher who pitched for the San Francisco Giants in 1964 and 1965. Estelle was inducted into the Lakewood High School Hall of Fame in 2006.
Itaike na Kanojo
Itaike na Kanojo (いたいけな彼女, lit. She Who is Innocent) is a Japanese adult visual novel developed by Zero, a brand under Visual Art's. Itaike na Kanojo was first released as a PC game for Microsoft Windows on October 24, 2003, and was later released as a DVD TV game and an Android game. A renewal edition of the game was also released. Itaike na Kanojo is playable on the RealLive scripting engine. The gameplay in Itaike na Kanojo follows a branching plot line which offers pre-determined scenarios with courses of interaction, and focuses on the appeal of the main heroine Honoka Nanase.

The story follows Takumi Akiyoshi, an average male student who, as punishment for losing a bet, is told to confess to the class bully victim as a joke. However, she takes this seriously and clings to him. Itaike na Kanojo premiered as the 15th most sold bishōjo game in Japan during the second half of October 2003.

Gameplay
Gameplay is the specific way in which players interact with a game. The term applies to both video games and tabletop games. Gameplay is the connection between the player and the game, the player's overcoming of challenges, and the pattern of player behavior defined through the game's rules.
City on a Hill Press
City on a Hill Press, originally launched in 1966 as The Fulcrum, is the weekly student newspaper of the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC). Designed as a magazine, the weekly tabloid-sized paper releases new issues every Thursday of the fall, winter and spring academic quarters, as well as a back-to-school issue entitled "Primer" at the end of the summer session, for a total of 30 issues per school year.

The paper reports not only on UCSC campus news, but also on news in the city of Santa Cruz.

Columbia Scholastic Press Association
The Columbia Scholastic Press Association (CSPA) is a student journalist program of the School of Professional Studies at Columbia University. It was founded in 1925, whose goal is to unite student journalists and faculty advisers at schools and colleges through educational conferences, idea exchanges, textbooks, critiques and award programs.
72nd Anniversary Stadium (Bang Mod)
60th Anniversary Stadium (Bang Mod) or Chalerm Phrakiat Bang Mod Stadium (Thai: สนามกีฬาเฉลิมพระเกียรติ 60 พรรษา บางมด) is a multi-purpose stadium in Thung Khru, Bangkok, Thailand.

The stadium built for celebration of the 60th Birthday Anniversary of King Bhumibol Adulyadej, hence the name of the venue. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Bangkok. The stadium holds 8,000 people.

Bangkok F.C.
Bangkok Football Club (Thai: สโมสรฟุตบอลบางกอก), formerly known as Bangkok Bravo A.F.C., is a professional Thai football club from Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, currently playing in the Thai League 2.
William Neast
William Neast (c. 1623 – c. 1670) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons  in 1653 and in 1656.

Neast was the son of William Neast of the Neast family of Chaceley, Worcestershire. He matriculated at Magdalen College, Oxford, on 27 August 1638 aged 15 and entered Middle Temple in 1640. He received a commission as captain of horse on 8 February 1651

In 1653, Neast was elected Member of Parliament for Gloucestershire in Barebone's Parliament. He was re-elected MP for Gloucestershire in 1656 for the Second Protectorate Parliament. In 1662 he was removed from the Common Council of Tewkesbury.

Neast married Elizabeth Atwood of Old Sodbury.

Second Protectorate Parliament
The Second Protectorate Parliament in England sat for two sessions from 17 September 1656 until 4 February 1658, with Thomas Widdrington as the Speaker of the House of Commons. In its first session, the House of Commons was its only chamber; in the second session an Other House with a power of veto over the decisions of the Commons was added.
National University of Lomas de Zamora
The National University of Lomas de Zamora (Spanish: Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora, UNLZ) is an Argentine state national university located in Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires Province. Maintaining extensive research facilities, and with over 30,000 students, UNLZ is one of the most important universities of the Greater Buenos Aires area.

The university includes five departments: Agronomy, Economics, Engineering, Law, and Social Sciences. The Media Department, part of the School of Social Sciences, publishes InfoRegión, an online periodical covering the Greater Buenos Aires area.

Agronomy
Agronomy is the science and technology of producing and using plants by agriculture for food, fuel, fiber, chemicals, recreation, or land conservation. Agronomy has come to include research of plant genetics, plant physiology, meteorology, and soil science. It is the application of a combination of sciences such as biology, chemistry, economics, ecology, earth science, and genetics. Professionals in the field are known as agronomists.
2004 England rugby union tour of Australasia
The 2004 England rugby union tour of Australia and New Zealand was a series of matches played in June 2004 in Australia and New Zealand by the England national rugby union team. It was the first tour of England, after the victory in the 2003 Rugby World Cup. The English team lost all three Tests decisively, a shock result after the World Cup victory the year before.

Mark Regan
Mark Regan MBE (born 28 January 1972 in Bristol) is an English former rugby union player. Nicknamed 'Ronnie', he played as a hooker for Bristol, Bath, Leeds Tykes as well as England and the British and Irish Lions.
Together (For King & Country, Tori Kelly and Kirk Franklin song)
"Together" is a song performed by an Australian Christian pop duo For King & Country with American singer Tori Kelly and American gospel musician Kirk Franklin. It was released as a standalone single on 1 May 2020. It was later included on the deluxe edition of the duo's third studio album Burn the Ships (2018), as well as their fifth studio album, What Are We Waiting For? (2022). The song was written by duo members Joel and Luke Smallbone, alongside Ran Jackson, Ricky Jackson. and Franklin.

"Together" peaked at No. 2 on the US Hot Christian Songs chart. The song also went on to peak at No. 23 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart. "Together" received nominations for the GMA Dove Award Song of the Year and Pop/Contemporary Recorded Song of the Year at the 2021 GMA Dove Awards.

Together is certified gold single by RIAA on August 17, 2022 for 500,000 copies sold.

Joel Smallbone
Joel David Smallbone (born 5 June 1984) is an Australian singer and actor. He is a member of the Christian pop duo For King & Country along with his brother Luke Smallbone.

Aside from his music career, Smallbone played James Stevens in the 2016 film Priceless and Antipater in the 2023 film Journey to Bethlehem. He directed the 2024 American Christian drama film Unsung Hero, and played the role of his father David Smallbone.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Puerto Rico
This is a list of properties and historic districts that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Puerto Rico, not to be confused with the Puerto Rico Register of Historic Sites and Zones. There are more than 375 listings in Puerto Rico, with one or more listing in each of Puerto Rico's 78 municipalities.

For convenience, the list has been divided into six regions:

National Register of Historic Places listings in western Puerto Rico

National Register of Historic Places listings in southern Puerto Rico

National Register of Historic Places listings in northern Puerto Rico

National Register of Historic Places listings in central Puerto Rico

National Register of Historic Places listings in eastern Puerto Rico

National Register of Historic Places listings in San Juan, Puerto Rico

National Register of Historic Places property types
The U.S. National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) classifies its listings by various types of properties. Listed properties generally fall into one of five categories, though there are special considerations for other types of properties which do not fit into these five broad categories or fit into more specialized subcategories. The five general categories for NRHP properties are: building, district, object, site, and structure.
Gräpplang Castle
Gräpplang Castle is a castle in the municipality of Flums of the Canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.  It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.
Gräpplang is mentioned around the middle of the 13th century as the administrative seat of the Hochstift Chur, pledged to Ulrich von Flums in 1292 and sold to the Tschudi family in 1528, whose descendants remained owners until 1767.

Canton of St. Gallen
The canton of St. Gallen or St Gall (German: Kanton St. Gallen [zaŋkt ˈɡalən] ⓘ; Romansh: Chantun Son Gagl; French: Canton de Saint-Gall; Italian: Canton San Gallo) is a canton of Switzerland. Its capital is St. Gallen.

Located in northeastern Switzerland, the canton has an area of 2,026 km2 (782 sq mi) (5% of Switzerland) and a resident population close to half a million as of 2015 (6% of Switzerland). It was formed in 1803 as a conflation of the city of St. Gallen, the territories of the Abbey of St. Gall and various former subject territories of the Old Swiss Confederacy.
Chinese Football Association
The Chinese Football Association (Chinese: 中国足球协会; pinyin: Zhōngguó Zúqiú Xiéhuì), abbreviated as CFA (Chinese: 中国足协; pinyin: Zhōngguó Zúxié), is the governing body for association football, beach soccer and futsal in the People's Republic of China (Mainland China). The CFA organizes the men's and women's national teams and administers the country's professional leagues as well as organizing the national knockout cup competition Chinese FA Cup. As members of East Asian Football Federation its national teams are eligible for the East Asian Football Championship and the country's membership in AFC allows teams to participate in that organizations club and national team competitions. China is also a member of FIFA and is therefore eligible to play in the World Cup.

Beach soccer
Beach soccer, also known as beach football, sand football or sand soccer, is a variant of association football played on a beach or some form of sand between two teams of five players each.

Association football has long been played informally on beaches. Beach soccer was introduced in 1992 as an effort to codify rules for the game by the founders of Beach Soccer Worldwide, a company set up to develop the sport and responsible for the majority of its tournaments. FIFA has held the Beach Soccer World Cup biennially since 2005.

The first international matches were played in 1993 for men and 2009 for women. As of July 2023, there are 193 men's and 64 women's clubs and 101 men's and 23 women's national teams sorted in the Beach Soccer Worldwide Rankings.
Tănăsoaia
Tănăsoaia is a commune located in Vrancea County, Romania. It is composed of ten villages: Călimăneasa, Costișa, Costișa de Sus, Covrag, Feldioara, Galbeni, Nănești, Tănăsoaia, Vladnicu de Jos, and Vladnicu de Sus.

Vrancea County
Vrancea (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈvrant͡ʃe̯a]) is a county (județ) in Romania, with its seat at Focșani. It is mostly in the historical region of Moldavia but the southern part, below the Milcov River, is in Muntenia.
Apostolic Vicariate of Phnom Penh
The Apostolic Vicariate of Phnom Penh (Khmer: សាវកជំនួសរាជធានីភ្នំពេញ) is a territorial subdivision of the Catholic Church in Cambodia. It is immediately subject to the Holy See and it is presided over by Bishop Olivier Schmitthaeusler M.E.P. since 10 October 2010.

The vicariate covers an area of 32,063 km2 (12,380 sq mi) of southern Cambodia, including Phnom Penh and other main urban areas such as Kep, Sihanoukville, Kandal, Takéo, Kampot, Kampong Speu and Koh Kong provinces. As of 2002, of the 4.4 million citizens living in the area of this prefecture, 13,250 were members of the Catholic Church. The vicariate is subdivided into 7 pastoral centers, and has 26 priests.

Exemption (Catholic canon law)
In the Catholic Church, an exemption is the full or partial release of an ecclesiastical person, corporation, or institution from the authority of the ecclesiastical superior next higher in rank. For example, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Strasbourg, and the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem are exempt, being directly subject to the Holy See.

See exempt dioceses for a list of exempt entities.
Stefan number
The Stefan number  (St or Ste) is defined as the ratio of sensible heat to latent heat. It is given by the formula

where

cp is the specific heat,
cp is the specific heat of solid phase in the freezing process while cp is the specific heat of liquid phase in the melting process.

∆T is the temperature difference between phases,

L is the latent heat of melting.

It is a dimensionless parameter that is useful in analyzing a Stefan problem. The parameter was developed from Josef Stefan's calculations of the rate of phase change of water into ice on the polar ice caps and coined by G.S.H. Lock in 1969. The problems origination is fully described by Vuik and further commentary on its place in Josef Stefan's larger career can be found in 
Same number exist for vapor to liquid phase change, Nombre de Jakob.

Latent heat
Latent heat (also known as latent energy or heat of transformation) is energy released or absorbed, by a body or a thermodynamic system, during a constant-temperature process—usually a first-order phase transition, like melting or condensation.

Latent heat can be understood as hidden energy which is supplied or extracted to change the state of a substance without changing its temperature or pressure. This includes the latent heat of fusion (solid to liquid), the latent heat of vaporization (liquid to gas) and the latent heat of sublimation (solid to gas).

The term was introduced around 1762 by Scottish chemist Joseph Black. Black used the term in the context of calorimetry where a heat transfer caused a volume change in a body while its temperature was constant.

In contrast to latent heat, sensible heat is energy transferred as heat, with a resultant temperature change in a body.
Driving the Last Spike
"Driving the Last Spike" is the third track on the Genesis album We Can't Dance, released in 1991.

The song's lyrics by Phil Collins are about the Navvies: railway workers of the 19th century, many of whom died constructing Britain's railways. The song narrates the thoughts and feelings of an unnamed railway worker in the form of a soliloquy or internal monologue. The title is a phrase meaning the completion of a major railway project—placing the "last spike" is often a momentous occasion. The original idea came from the book ‘The Railway Navvies’ by Terry Coleman that actor Dennis Waterman gave to Collins.

Despite not being released as a single, "Driving the Last Spike" charted in Canada and the United States, peaking at number 51 on the Canadian RPM Top Singles chart and number 25 on the US Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart.

Monologue
In theatre, a monologue (also spelled monolog in American English) (in Greek: μονόλογος, from μόνος mónos, "alone, solitary" and λόγος lógos, "speech") is a speech presented by a single character, most often to express their thoughts aloud, though sometimes also to directly address another character or the audience. Monologues are common across the range of dramatic media (plays, films, etc.), as well as in non-dramatic media such as poetry. Monologues share much in common with several other literary devices including soliloquies, apostrophes, and asides. There are, however, distinctions between each of these devices.