hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fort Stamford Site
The Fort Stamford Site, site of Fort Stamford, is a public park at 900 Westover Road in the Westover neighborhood of Stamford, Connecticut. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.  It is the site of the archaeological remnants of a military earthworks erected during the American Revolutionary War. With a clear view of the Mianus River and Long Island Sound, the fort was built as part of a ring of defenses to defend the New England Colonies from attacks by the  British garrison in New York City.

Long Island Sound
Long Island Sound is a marine sound and tidal estuary of the Atlantic Ocean. It lies predominantly between the U.S. state of Connecticut to the north and Long Island in New York state to the south. From west to east, the sound stretches 110 mi (180 km) from the East River and the Throgs Neck Bridge in New York City, along the North Shore of Long Island, to Block Island Sound. The sound forms part of the Intracoastal Waterway.

A mix of freshwater from tributaries, and saltwater from the Atlantic Ocean, Long Island Sound is 21 miles (34 km) at its widest point and varies in depth from 65 to 230 feet (20 to 70 m).
Battle of Adré
The Battle of Adré took place in Adré, Chad on 18 December 2005. The battle began when the Chadian rebel groups Rally for Democracy and Liberty (RDL) and Platform for Change, Unity, and Democracy (SCUD), allegedly backed by the government of Sudan, attacked the garrison in this city. However, Chadian loyalists, who had been forewarned by military intelligence of the attack, easily repulsed the attackers. Either seventy, one hundred, or three hundred rebels were killed, depending on reports. Governmental losses are unknown, but they lost at least one Russian-made helicopter in a collision with electric wires during the fighting, while another Mil Mi-17 helicopter was heavily damaged by rebel fire which killed at least one crew member.

On 19 December, SCUD leader Yaya Dillo Djérou said, "A few of our troops have participated in the action in Adré, but it is being led by the RDL. Yesterday we took control of the city."

Yaya Dillo Djérou
Yaya Dillo Djérou Bétchi (Arabic: يحيى ديلو جيرو; 18 December 1974 – 28 February 2024) was a Chadian politician, and president of the opposition Socialist Party Without Borders in 2021 until his assassination in 2024. He was a cousin of President Mahamat Déby and a major opponent of Déby in the 2024 presidential elections. Shortly after the date of the 2024 elections was announced, Dillo was killed in a reported exchange of fire with government security forces after allegedly leading an attack on the National State Security Agency.
Italian cruiser Partenope
Partenope was a torpedo cruiser built for the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy) in the 1880s, the lead ship of her class, which included seven other vessels. The ship was built by the Regio Cantiere di Castellammare di Stabia; she was laid down in June 1888, was launched in December 1889, and was completed in September 1890. Her main armament were her five torpedo tubes, which were supported by a battery of ten small-caliber guns.

Partenope spent most of her career in the main Italian fleet, where she was primarily occupied with training exercises. In 1906–1908, she was converted into a minelayer, losing her torpedo tubes. During the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–1912, she provided gunfire support to Italian forces in Libya. She was used to lay a series of minefields in the Adriatic Sea after Italy entered World War I in 1915. In March 1918, Partenope was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine UC-67 off Bizerte.

Torpedo cruiser
A torpedo cruiser is a type of warship that is armed primarily with torpedoes. The major navies began building torpedo cruisers shortly after the invention of the locomotive Whitehead torpedo in the 1860s. The development of the torpedo gave rise to the Jeune École doctrine, which held that small warships armed with torpedoes could effectively and cheaply defeat much larger battleships. Torpedo cruisers fell out of favor in most of the great power navies in the 1890s, though many other navies continued to acquire them into the early 1900s.

The Imperial Japanese Navy rebuilt two Kuma-class light cruisers into torpedo cruisers during World War II. Unlike the earlier vessels, these ships were intended to launch their Type 93 torpedo oxygen torpedoes at extreme range at night to surprise enemy warships. They never saw action in their intended role, however, and were quickly converted into troop transports as well as a Kaiten (suicide torpedo) carrier.
Rustam Khalfin
Rustam Khalfin (Russian: Рустам Нурмухамедович Хальфин, Kazakh: Рустам Хальфин) (October 14, 1949 –  December 31, 2008) was a Kazakh contemporary artist, painter and architect.

Rustam Khalfin is considered one of the most influential artists of Central Asia of the 20th century, he was one of the pioneers in performance, installation and video art and had a major influence on the art community of the region. He developed the concept of nomad aesthetics with contemporary vision.

Vladimir Sterligov
Vladimir Wassilievich Sterligov (1904–1973) was a Soviet avant garde painter and poet, considered by art professionals to be the last of the Soviet Avant-garde artists. A former student of Kazimir Malevich, he succeeded in stepping beyond the boundary of Suprematism, creating a new and original system.
Osteochilichthys nashii
Osteochilichthys nashii, Nash's barb, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae, the family which includes the carps, barbs, minnows and allies. This fish is endemic to the Western Ghats in Kerala and Karnataka in southern India.

Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae is a family of cyprinoid freshwater fishes commonly referred to as the carp family, which includes the carps, barbs, and barbels, among others. These cyprinids also share sister taxa with the danionins and minnows under the suborder Cyprinoidei. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest family of vertebrates overall, with roughly 1,780 species split into 166 valid genera.

Cyprinids range from the 12 mm (0.5 in)-long glassfishes, to the 3 m (9.8 ft) giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis). The family name is derived from the Greek word kyprînos (κυπρῖνος 'carp').
Katie Brayben
Katie Brayben (born 3 September) is an English actress and musician who has performed in stage plays, television and musicals and also as a singer and songwriter with her own music. She is presently best known for her portrayal of the title role of Carole King in the London production of Beautiful: The Carole King Musical, for which she won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical at the 2015 Laurence Olivier Awards. She won her second Olivier award in the same category at the 2023 Laurence Olivier Awards for her performance as the title role in Tammy Faye.

King Charles III (play)
King Charles III is a 2014 play in blank verse by Mike Bartlett that premiered at the Almeida Theatre in London. The play is a future history account of the accession and reign of King Charles III of the United Kingdom (who was then still Prince of Wales), and the limiting of the freedom of the press after the News International phone hacking scandal.

A 90-minute television adaptation was broadcast on BBC Two on 10 May 2017.
SAFE-T Act
The Safety, Accountability, Fairness and Equity-Today Act, commonly known as the SAFE-T Act, is a state of Illinois statute enacted in 2021 that makes a number of reforms to the criminal justice system, affecting policing, pretrial detention and bail, sentencing, and corrections. The Act's section on pretrial detention, which took effect in full on September 18, 2023, is also known as the Pretrial Fairness Act.

Kwame Raoul
Kwame Raoul (/ˈkwɑːmeɪ rɑːˈuːl/ KWAH-may rah-OOL; born September 30, 1964) is an American lawyer and politician who has been the 42nd Attorney General of Illinois since 2019.  He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Raoul represented the 13th district in the Illinois Senate from 2004 to 2019. Initially appointed to fill the seat vacated by Barack Obama when Obama was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2004, Raoul won subsequent election and reelection. He served as Chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee, Vice Chair of the Senate Criminal Law Committee, and as a member of the Executive, Gaming, Insurance and Public Health Committees.
Quincy & Torch Lake Railroad
The Quincy & Torch Lake Railroad (Q&TL), an affiliate of the Quincy Mining Company, was a 3-foot-gauge shortline railroad located at Hancock in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, not far from Torch Lake.  It was created to replace an existing tramway, and was designed to take copper-bearing rock from the Quincy Mine downhill to a mill, and return coal uphill to power mine operations.  The mainline was just 6.5 miles in length, while sidings and extensions added about 8 miles, for total trackage under 15 miles. Running until 1945, it was Michigan's Last Operating Narrow Gauge Railroad

Shortline railroad
A shortline railroad is a small or mid-sized railroad company that operates over a relatively short distance relative to larger, national railroad networks. The term is used primarily in the United States and Canada. In the former, railroads are categorized by operating revenue, and most shortline railroads fall into the Class III or Class II categorization defined by the Surface Transportation Board.
Stryn TIL
Stryn Turn- og Idrettslag is a Norwegian multi-sports club from Stryn Municipality, Vestland. It has sections for association football, team handball, basketball, track and field, Nordic skiing, alpine skiing, gymnastics, and cycling. The club was founded on 30 December 1898.

The men's football team currently plays in the 3. divisjon, the fourth tier of Norwegian football, where it has played since 1999. Before that they had a stint in the 2. divisjon from 1996 to 1998. While playing on the fourth tier, the team contested a Playoff to the 2. Divisjon in 2005, but lost to Hamarkameratene 2 on aggregate; and 2006 when it lost to FF Lillehammer on aggregate.

The club is well known as the youth club of the Flo football family; Håvard, Jarle, Jostein, Tore André, Per Egil and Ulrik. Other professional footballers from Stryn include Steinar Tenden and Mats Solheim. Harald Aabrekk coached the men's team from 1987 to 1989.

Per-Egil Flo
Per-Egil Hough Flo (born 18 January 1989) is a Norwegian footballer who plays as a defender for Sogndal. He is the nephew of Håvard Flo and first cousin once removed of Jostein Flo, Jarle Flo and Tore André Flo.
Sisters of St. Francis of Penance and Christian Charity
The Sisters of St. Francis of Penance and Christian Charity is a Catholic religious congregation for women. A third order Regular [not Secular] group, the sisters are not cloistered nuns but active in the world, having historically been primarily involved in teaching, although they have participated in the care of the sick and poor, hospital work, mission work, and other activities.

Religious congregation
A religious congregation is a type of religious institute in the Catholic Church. They are legally distinguished from religious orders – the other major type of religious institute – in that members take simple vows, whereas members of religious orders take solemn vows.
Bagaya
Bagaya is a settlement in Senegal
in the department Bignona, in the region Ziguinchor Region, in the Casamance area. Bagaya belongs to the rural community of Balinghore in the arrondissement of Tendouck.
It is located on the road from Bignona to Elana
between Mandégane and Diatock.

The village consists of quarters, a group of about 20 houses scattered in the bush. Around the village there are rice fields (rizières) at the edge of the Casamance River.

Types of rural communities
Rural Sociologists have identified a number of different types of rural communities, which have arisen as a result of changing economic trends within rural regions of industrial nations.

The basic trend seems to be one in which communities are required to become entrepreneurial. Those that lack the sort of characteristics mentioned below, are forced to either seek out their niche or accept eventual economic defeat. These towns focus on marketing and public relations whilst bidding for business and government operations, such as factories or off-site data processing.

For instance, International Falls, Minnesota markets itself as a site for sub-zero temperature experiments, Ottawa, Illinois has attracted three Japanese firms, Freeport, Maine has become a center for mail-order companies such as L. L. Bean, and Mobile, Arizona has become the home of a number of solid-waste landfills.
Local government areas of Scotland
Local government areas covering the whole of Scotland were first defined by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889. As currently defined, they are a result, for the most part, of the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994.

The 1889 act created a country-wide system of local government based on pre-existing counties and burghs. Prior to this act burghs had their own elected local government councils but counties did not.

The county and burgh system was abolished by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 and replaced by a system of regions and districts and single-tier islands council areas.

The 1994 act abolished the regions and districts and replaced them with a new system entirely composed of single-tier authorities; the Orkney, Shetland and Western Isles councils were continued by section 3 of the act in substantially unchanged form.

Local government areas of Scotland (1975–1996)
The local government areas of Scotland were redefined by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 and redefined again by the Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994.

The 1973 Act created a system of nine two-tier regions and three islands areas, and this system completely replaced local government counties and burghs in 1975. The new regions were generally very different from the counties which had been in use since  the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889. Also, the districts were very different from the subdivisions of counties, also called districts, which had been in use since the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929.
Concert in the Park (South Africa)
The Concert in the Park was a benefit concert held in Ellis Park Stadium, Johannesburg, South Africa, on 12 January 1985. 22 bands played at the benefit, which was attended by an estimated 125,000 people—of whom about 100,000 had purchased tickets. Proceeds of more than R450,000 went to Operation Hunger, a South African charity founded in 1978.

The bands and solo artists who played that day were:

The band Bright Blue knew they would not be available to play live, but lead singer and songwriter Rob Levitan wrote a song for the occasion, which was recorded and mixed at the Workshop and Ovation Studios in Johannesburg. The song, "Hungry Child", was performed by vocalists Heather Mac (of Ella Mental), Johnny Clegg, Ronnie Joyce, and Steve Kekana, backed by session musicians.

A live album made at the concert was released later that year, as was a single featuring "Hungry Child".

South African rand
The South African rand, or simply the rand, (sign: R; code: ZAR) is the official currency of South Africa. It is subdivided into 100 cents (sign: "c"), and a comma separates the rand and cents.

The South African rand is legal tender in the Common Monetary Area member states of Namibia, Lesotho, and Eswatini, with these three countries also having national currencies (the dollar, the loti, and the lilangeni respectively) pegged with the rand at parity and still widely accepted as substitutes. The rand was also legal tender in Botswana until 1976, when the pula replaced the rand at par.

The rand is legal tender in Zimbabwe as part of its multiple currency system, which also includes other currencies such as the euro, the pound sterling, the US dollar, and the Zimbabwean ZiG.
Robert Lauder of Beilmouth
Sir Robert Lauder of Beilmouth, Knt., (died 24 June 1709) was an armiger, lawyer and Clerk of Exchequer in Scotland. In 1683 he was made a Justice of the Peace for Haddingtonshire. In 1685, under the title Robert Lauder of Belhaven, he was a member of the Scottish parliament for Haddington, and in 1704 as Sir Robert Lauder of Beilmouth. He was also Commissioner of Supply for Haddington in 1689 and 1690.

Member of the Scottish Parliament
Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP; Scottish Gaelic: Ball Pàrlamaid na h-Alba, BPA; Scots: Memmer o the Scots Pairliament, MSP) is the title given to any one of the 129 individuals elected to serve in the Scottish Parliament.
Liz Trinnear
Liz Trinnear is a Canadian television presenter, best known as a former VJ on MuchMusic and an entertainment reporter for eTalk.

Originally from London, Ontario, Trinnear joined MuchMusic after winning the 2009 edition of VJ Search. At MuchMusic, she co-hosted the channel's flagship programs MuchOnDemand and its successor New.Music.Live. until 2013. As the channel reduced its dependence on music programming in the 2010s, she began also working as an entertainment reporter for eTalk, although she remained in both roles for the first half of the decade and was co-host of the 2015 Much Music Video Awards with Tyrone Edwards and Ed Sheeran. When Much fully dropped music programming in the latter half of the decade, eTalk became her primary role.

Alongside Edwards, Traci Melchor, Elaine Lui, Chloe Wilde, Sonia Mangat and Priyanka, she was a Canadian Screen Award nominee for Best Host, Talk Show or Entertainment News at the 12th Canadian Screen Awards in 2024 for eTalk.

Priyanka (drag queen)
Mark Suknanan (born May 28, 1991) is a Canadian singer, television personality and drag queen. Competing under his drag name, Priyanka, Suknanan won the first season of the reality competition series Canada's Drag Race in 2020. He was previously a host of the YTV children's series The Zone and the YTV reality competition series The Next Star, where he went by Mark Suki. His first EP, Taste Test, was released in 2021.
Eight-bar blues
In music, an eight-bar blues is a common blues chord progression. Music writers have described it as "the second most common blues form" being "common to folk, rock, and jazz forms of the blues".  It is often notated in 44 or 128 time with eight bars to the verse.

Bar (music)
In musical notation, a bar (or measure) is a segment of music bounded by vertical lines, known as bar lines (or barlines), usually indicating one or more recurring beats. The length of the bar, measured by the number of note values it contains, is normally indicated by the time signature.
Tafuri
Tafuri is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Manfredo Tafuri (1935–1994), Italian architect, historian, theoretician, critic and academic

Matteo Tafuri (1492–1582), Italian philosopher, astrologer and physician

Raffaele Tafuri (1857–1929), Italian painter

Manfredo Tafuri
Manfredo Tafuri (4 November 1935 in Rome – 23 February 1994 in Venice) was an Italian Marxist architect, historian, theoretician, critic and academic. He was described by one commentator as the world's most important architectural historian of the second half of the 20th century. He is noted for his pointed critiques of the partisan "operative criticism" of previous architectural historians and critics like Bruno Zevi and Siegfried Giedion and for challenging the idea that the Renaissance was a "golden age" as it had been characterised in the work of earlier authorities like Heinrich Wölfflin and Rudolf Wittkower.
Palermo, West Virginia
Palermo is an unincorporated community in Lincoln County, West Virginia, United States. Palermo is located on the Mud River and County Routes 46 and 58, 7.9 miles (12.7 km) south-southeast of Hamlin. Palermo had a post office, which closed on February 1, 1997.

The community was named after Palermo, Sicily.

Lincoln County, West Virginia
Lincoln County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 20,463. Its county seat is Hamlin. The county was created in 1867 and named for Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln County is part of the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Molokovka
Molokovka (Russian: Молоковка) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Molokovka, Ivanovo Oblast, a village in Kineshemsky District of Ivanovo Oblast; 57°23′N 42°31′E﻿ / ﻿57.383°N 42.517°E﻿ / 57.383; 42.517

Molokovka, Zabaykalsky Krai, a settlement in Chitinsky District of Zabaykalsky Krai

Kineshemsky District
Kineshemsky District (Russian: Ки́нешемский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Ivanovo Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,583 square kilometers (611 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kineshma (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 18,402 (2021 Census); 23,258 (2010 Census); 27,650 (2002 Census); 30,805 (1989 Soviet census).
Medium Rare (Foo Fighters album)
Medium Rare is a covers album by Foo Fighters. The album was released on April 16, 2011, as a limited-edition vinyl for Record Store Day, an event that celebrates independent record stores. Apart from the new recordings of "Bad Reputation" and "This Will Be Our Year" and the live version of "Young Man Blues", all tracks have been previously released as B-sides or in other compilation albums.

A CD edition of the album was also given free to new subscribers of Q magazine for a limited time, with the song "Darling Nikki" omitted.

Record Store Day
Record Store Day is a semi-annual event established in 2008 to "celebrate the culture of the independently owned record store". Held on one Saturday (typically the third) every April and every Black Friday in November, the day brings together fans, artists, and thousands of independent record stores around the world. A number of records are pressed specifically for Record Store Day, with a list of releases for each country, and are only distributed to shops participating in the event.

The event originated in the United States and has expanded internationally, with official organizers in the United Kingdom, Canada, Ireland, Mexico, Europe, Japan, and Australia.
Opticom (company)
Opticom ASA is a Norwegian research and development company. The Opticom share was listed on the Oslo Børs (Oslo Stock Exchange) in 1997 and on the main list from the start of trading in January, 2000.  Since its establishment in 1994, Opticom and its subsidiaries have done research and development within a number of areas, especially the emerging field of polymer electronics.

The company developed polymer-based memory chips through its majority-owned subsidiary Thin Film Electronics ASA (TFE). Opticom and Intel, which owned a minority stake in TFE, wound down their joint development work in 2005 because of technical and changes in strategic direction. Opticom has announced its intention to pursue other avenues for the technology underlying TFE's memory designs. Opticom also owned nearly a tenth of Fast Search and Transfer.

Opticom can be seen as an example of the year 2000 internet bubble, reaching a market capitalization of nearly $8 billion at its highest, still without revenues.

Organic electronics
Organic electronics is a field of materials science concerning the design, synthesis, characterization, and application of organic molecules or polymers that show desirable electronic properties such as conductivity. Unlike conventional inorganic conductors and semiconductors, organic electronic materials are constructed from organic (carbon-based) molecules or polymers using synthetic strategies developed in the context of organic chemistry and polymer chemistry.

One of the promised benefits of organic electronics is their potential low cost compared to traditional electronics.  The polymeric conductors have attractive properties, which include electrical conductivity (which can be varied by the concentrations of dopants) and comparatively high mechanical flexibility. The challenges in implementing of organic electronic materials are their inferior thermal stability, high cost, and diverse fabrication issues.