hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
DeGraffenreid
DeGraffenreid is a surname. People with the surname include:

Emma DeGraffenreid, plaintiff of a 1976 employment discrimination lawsuit cited in the development of the theory of intersectionality

Gordon DeGraffenreid, American football coach

Kenneth E. deGraffenreid, American university professor

Reese C. De Graffenreid (1859–1902), American politician from Texas

Veronica Degraffenreid, Secretary of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania beginning in 2021

Kenneth E. deGraffenreid
Kenneth E. deGraffenreid is a former American national security officer and academic who is an expert on U.S. intelligence activities. He was professor of intelligence studies at The Institute of World Politics from 1992 to 2012 when he retired to emeritus status in 2012. deGraffenreid has worked in the highest echelons of the United States Intelligence Community with The New Yorker reporting in 2004 that he was responsible for all the Department of Defense's Special Access Programs (SAPs).

He is a leading authority in intelligence, foreign propaganda, information warfare, and counterintelligence. He was an early pioneer in the academic sub-discipline of intelligence studies which was in its nascency when he began teaching in 1992.
10th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 10th Division (第10師団, Dai-Jū Shidan) was an infantry division in the Imperial Japanese Army. Its tsūshōgō code name was the Iron Division (鉄兵団, Tetsu-heidan). The 10th Division was one of six new infantry divisions raised by the Imperial Japanese Army in the aftermath of the First Sino-Japanese War, 1 October 1898. Its troops were recruited primarily from communities in the three prefectures of Hyōgo, Okayama and Tottori, plus a portion of Shimane. It was originally headquartered in the city of Himeji, and its first commander was Lieutenant General Prince Fushimi Sadanaru.

Himeji
Himeji (姫路市, Himeji-shi; pronounced [çi(ꜜ)meʑi, çimeʑiꜜɕi]) is a city located in Hyōgo Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan. As of 1 June 2022, the city had an estimated population of 525,682 in 227,099 households and a population density of 980 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 534.35 square kilometres (206.31 sq mi).
Aowei Church of Our Lady of the Holy Rosary
The Aowei Church of Our Lady of the Holy Rosary (Chinese: 澳尾巷玫瑰圣母堂; pinyin: ǎowěi xiàng méigūi shèngmǔ jiàotáng, literally Aowei Church of Holy Rosary) is a Catholic church in Fuzhou, China.  It was founded in 1848 as a cathedral by the Dominican Order from Spain.

Cathedra
A cathedra is the throne of a bishop, found in the cathedral church of his diocese. The word derives from the Greek καθέδρα (kathédra), meaning "seat", especially one used by a bishop or teacher; this term is also the ultimate source of the word "chair".
Nicolas de Poilly the Younger
Nicolas de Poilly (June 28, 1675 – August 12, 1747), also called Nicolas de Poilly the Younger, Nicolas de Poilly jeune, or Nicolas II de Poilly (to distinguish him from his father, Nicolas de Poilly the Elder), was an academically trained French artist who won the Prix de Rome for painting in 1698. Despite an impressive start, he largely abandoned painting for drawing and became an engraver like his father, his uncle François de Poilly, and several others in the Poilly family.

Benezit Dictionary of Artists
The Benezit Dictionary of Artists (in French, Bénézit: Dictionnaire des peintres, sculpteurs, dessinateurs et graveurs) is an extensive publication of bibliographical information on painters, sculptors, designers and engravers created primarily for art museums, auction houses, historians and dealers. It was published by Éditions Gründ in Paris but has been sold to Oxford University Press.
Sidford
Sidford is a small village in the civil parish of and on the outskirts of the town of Sidmouth in the English county of Devon. It has a population of just over 2,100 people according to the 2001 Census. The Church of England Church, St Peter's, is part of the Sid Valley Mission.

It gets its name from being on the River Sid, which runs for four miles into Lyme Bay at Sidmouth. One can walk along the river down the Byes into Sidmouth and to the sea. There is a 12th-century packhorse bridge over the river that was the site of a 1644 skirmish in the English Civil War.

In sport, there is the Sidford Tennis Club, and Sidmouth Rugby Club also have training pitches there.

Sidford's most famous pub is the Blue Ball Inn, a 14th-century lodging house that burned to the ground in 2007 and is now rebuilt.

Packhorse bridge
A packhorse bridge is a bridge intended to carry packhorses (horses loaded with sidebags or panniers) across a river or stream. Typically a packhorse bridge consists of one or more narrow (one horse wide) masonry arches, and has low parapets so as not to interfere with the panniers borne by the horses. Multi-arched examples sometimes have triangular cutwaters that are extended upward to form pedestrian refuges.: 24–25

Packhorse bridges were often built on the trade routes (often called packhorse routes) that formed major transport arteries across Europe and Great Britain until the coming of the turnpike roads and canals in the 18th century. Before the road-building efforts of Napoleon, all crossings of the Alps were on packhorse trails. Travellers' carriages were dismantled and transported over the mountain passes by ponies and mule trains.
Hancockiidae
Hancockiidae is a family of sea slugs, nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Tritonioidea.

This family is within the clade Cladobranchia (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).

Nudibranch
Nudibranchs (/ˈnjuːdɪbræŋk/) are a group of soft-bodied marine gastropod molluscs, belonging to the order Nudibranchia, that shed their shells after their larval stage. They are noted for their often extraordinary colours and striking forms, and they have been given colourful nicknames to match, such as "clown", "marigold", "splendid", "dancer", "dragon" , and "sea rabbit". About 3,000 species of nudibranchs are known.

The word nudibranch comes from the Latin nudus 'naked' and the Ancient Greek βράγχια (bránkhia) 'gills'.

Nudibranchs are often casually called sea slugs, as they are a family of opisthobranchs (sea slugs), within the phylum Mollusca (molluscs), but many sea slugs belong to several taxonomic groups that are not closely related to nudibranchs. A number of these other sea slugs, such as the photosynthetic Sacoglossa and the colourful Aglajidae, are often confused with nudibranchs.
Coadjoint representation
In mathematics, the coadjoint representation  of a Lie group  is the dual of the adjoint representation. If  denotes the Lie algebra of , the corresponding action of  on , the dual space to , is called the coadjoint action. A geometrical interpretation is as the action by left-translation on the space of right-invariant 1-forms on .

The importance of the coadjoint representation was emphasised by work of Alexandre Kirillov, who showed that for nilpotent Lie groups  a basic role in their representation theory is played by coadjoint orbits.
In the Kirillov method of orbits, representations of  are constructed geometrically starting from the coadjoint orbits. In some sense those play a substitute role for the conjugacy classes of , which again may be complicated, while the orbits are relatively tractable.

One-form
In differential geometry, a one-form (or covector field) on a differentiable manifold is a differential form of degree one, that is, a smooth section of the cotangent bundle. Equivalently, a one-form on a manifold  is a smooth mapping of the total space of the tangent bundle of  to  whose restriction to each fibre is a linear functional on the tangent space. Let  be an open subset of  and . Then

defines a one-form .  is a covector.

Often one-forms are described locally, particularly in local coordinates.  In a local coordinate system, a one-form is a linear combination of the differentials of the coordinates:

where the  are smooth functions. From this perspective, a one-form has a covariant transformation law on passing from one coordinate system to another.  Thus a one-form is an order 1 covariant tensor field.
Arkalis
Arkalis (born July 17, unknown year in San Martín Texmelucan, Puebla) is a Mexican luchador enmascarado, or masked professional wrestler currently working for the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) portraying a tecnico ("Good guy") wrestling character. His real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans.

His nicknames are Chamaco de Oro and Hombre de Retos.

San Martín Texmelucan
San Martín Texmelucan de Labastida is a city in the west-central part of the state of Puebla in Mexico, adjacent to the southwest corner of the state of Tlaxcala. It is the municipal seat of the municipality of San Martín Texmelucan. The city is the fifth-largest in the state of Puebla, with a 2020 census population of 155,738 inhabitants.
Watari Dam
Watari Dam is a dam located  in Bagwai Local Government area in the north west of Kano State of Nigeria. It was constructed between 1977 and 1980 at a cost of Nigerian Naira ₦7,108,000.00.

The community uses the water for agricultural purposes in the area. There is a water pump that sends water from the dam to other parts of Kano City and other towns in the state such as Bichi and Bagwai.

It is the third largest dam in Kano State with a total storage capacity of 104.55Mm2. The purpose for the building of the dam is for flood control and irrigation, fisheries and the secondary benefit include recreation water supply and wild conservation.
One of the most tragic incidents that occurred in the Watari Dam was the Bagwai boat disaster on November 30, 2021.

Bichi
BichiListenⓘ is a Local Government Area and a headquarter of Bichi Emirate council in Kano State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Bichi on the A9 highway. Bichi was founded by danejawa the white herders under the leadership of Ardo buba the grandfather of Malam  danzabuwa
Land Settlement Ordinance
The Land Settlement Ordinance No. 20 of 1931 also known as the Land Settlement Ordinance  was a legislation in British Ceylon on 5 November 1931 to adjudicate land ownership, formalize titles, and facilitate the redistribution of land for agricultural development. Enacted by the State Council of Ceylon, during the transition to limited self-rule under the Donoughmore Constitution; the ordinance was a key component of early land reform efforts driven by D. S. Senanayake, then Minister of Agriculture and Lands. It aimed to address the displacement of rural communities by the colonial plantation economy and the growing landlessness among peasants.

State Council of Ceylon
The State Council of Ceylon was the unicameral legislature for Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), established in 1931 by the Donoughmore Constitution. The State Council gave universal adult franchise to the people of the colony for the first time. It replaced the Legislative Council of Ceylon, the colony's original legislative body.

There were only two State Councils: the First, elected in 1931, and the Second, elected in 1936. The 1947 Soulbury Constitution replaced the State Council with the Parliament of Ceylon, as part of a process of constitutional development leading up to independence, which took place on 4 February 1948.
Panasonic Lumix DMC-FZ8
The Panasonic Lumix DMC-FZ8 is a 7 megapixel superzoom bridge digital camera made by Panasonic. As with most Panasonic Lumix cameras, it uses a Venus Engine, in this case, the Venus Engine III. It supports the Raw image format and has the same sensor size and zoom level as its predecessor, the Panasonic Lumix DMC-FZ7.

The DMC-FZ8 became available in the United States in February 2007.

Panasonic
Panasonic Holdings Corporation is a Japanese multinational electronics manufacturer, headquartered in Kadoma, Osaka, Japan. It was founded in 1918 as Matsushita Electric Housewares Manufacturing Works in the Fukushima ward of Osaka by Kōnosuke Matsushita. The company was incorporated in 1935 and renamed Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., and changed its name to Panasonic Corporation in 2008. In 2022, it reorganized as a holding company and adopted its current name.

In addition to consumer electronics, for which it was the world's largest manufacturer in the late 20th century, Panasonic produces a wide range of products and services, including rechargeable batteries, automotive and avionic systems, industrial equipment, as well as home renovation and construction. The company is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the Nikkei 225 and TOPIX 100 indices, with a secondary listing on the Nagoya Stock Exchange.
Cathedral of Mary of the Assumption (Saginaw, Michigan)
The Cathedral of Mary the Assumption, also known as St. Mary's Cathedral, is a Catholic cathedral and parish church located in Saginaw, Michigan, United States. It is the seat of the Diocese of Saginaw. In 1979 it was included as a contributing property in the Saginaw Central City Historic Residential District on the National Register of Historic Places.

Saginaw Central City Historic Residential District
The Saginaw Central City Historic Residential District is a primarily residential historic district located in Saginaw, Michigan and roughly bounded by Federal Avenue, South Baum Street, South Park Avenue, and Hoyt Avenue. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. Now commonly referred to as The Cathedral District, the boundaries have been extended to Holland Avenue to the south.
German Equestrian Federation
The German Equestrian Federation (Deutsche Reiterliche Vereinigung) is an umbrella organization in Germany for equestrian sports and breeding. It is the governing body for the majority of equestrian sports and their organization in Germany, including FEI-recognized disciplines of dressage, eventing, show jumping, vaulting, endurance, reining, para-equestrian, and driving. It also develops and enforces the rules for other events at horse shows. It is colloquially known as FN, short for the international term Fédération Équestre Nationale. The organisation runs the FNverlag, a publishing house for related books and other media

Umbrella organization
An umbrella organization is an association of (often related, industry-specific) institutions who work together formally to coordinate activities and/or pool resources. In business, political, and other environments, it provides resources and identities to the smaller organizations. In this kind of arrangement, it is sometimes responsible, to some degree, for the groups under its care. Umbrella organizations are prominent in cooperatives and in civil society, and can engage in advocacy or collective bargaining on behalf of their members.
Molinier (baritone)
Molinier was the stage name of François Gély (1807–1859), a French operatic  baritone who mostly performed minor roles at the Paris Opéra.

He made his professional debut without much success on 15 February 1826 with the Opéra-Comique at the Salle Feydeau as Alibour in Méhul's Euphrosine et Coradin.

He first appeared at the Paris Opéra on 2 October 1837 as an emergency replacement in a leading bass role, Pietro in Daniel Auber's La muette de Portici. He sang with great emotion, but was thought to have overextended his resources. However, having rescued the performance (and the receipts), he was rewarded by engagement as a company regular, and continued to sing there until 1854. During this period he created a number of minor roles, as noted in the list below. He also performed other minor roles, such as a herald-in-arms in Meyerbeer's Robert le diable, the Comte de Nevers in Meyerbeer's Les Huguenots, Rodolphe and Melcthal in Rossini's Guillaume Tell, and Pharaon in Rossini's Moïse.

Les Huguenots
Les Huguenots (French pronunciation: [le ˈyg(ə)no]) is an opera by Giacomo Meyerbeer and is one of the most popular and spectacular examples of grand opera. In five acts, to a libretto by Eugène Scribe and Émile Deschamps, it premiered in Paris on 29 February 1836.
Svoboda nad Úpou
Svoboda nad Úpou (German: Freiheit an der Aupa) is a town in Trutnov District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,000 inhabitants. It lies in the Giant Mountains in the valley of the Úpa River.

Hradec Králové Region
Hradec Králové Region (Czech: Královéhradecký kraj, pronounced [ˈkraːlovɛːˌɦradɛtskiː ˈkraj]) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic located in the north-eastern part of the historical region of Bohemia. It is named after its capital Hradec Králové. The region neighbours the Pardubice Region in the south, the Central Bohemian Region in the south-west, and the Liberec Region in the west. It also shares a 208 km long international border with Polish Lower Silesian Voivodeship in the north and the east.
Fatima Hassouna
Fatima Hassouna (/həˈsuːnə/ hə-SOO-nə; Arabic: فاطمة حسّونة; 1999 – 16 April 2025), sometimes spelled Fatma Hassona, was a Palestinian photojournalist whose work documented civilian life during the Gaza war. She gained international recognition for her visceral documentation of war impacts and became the subject of the documentary film Put Your Soul on Your Hand and Walk, selected for the ACID film programme shown in parallel with the 2025 Cannes Film Festival. She was killed alongside ten family members in an Israeli airstrike on their Gaza City home on 16 April 2025.

Association du cinéma indépendant pour sa diffusion
The Association du cinéma indépendant pour sa diffusion (ACID; transl. Association for the Diffusion of Independent Cinema) is an association of film directors with the goal of promoting the theatrical distribution of independent films and encouraging debates between filmmakers and audiences. It was founded in 1992.

Since 1993, ACID has presented a selection of nine feature films, fiction or documentary, for screening at the annual Cannes Film Festival. It is a parallel section of the festival, such as Directors' Fortnight and Critics' Week, focusing on films without French distributors and first features. It has been named one of the Top 100 Essential Film Festivals.
Panchaetothripinae
Panchaetothripinae is a subfamily of thrips in the family Thripidae, first described in 1912 by Richard Siddoway Bagnall. There are about 11 genera and more than 50 described species in Panchaetothripinae.

Richard Siddoway Bagnall
Richard Siddoway Bagnall (14 July 1884 - 19 January 1962) was an English entomologist. Bagnall specialised in Thysanoptera and published several important works on the higher classification of this insect order throughout the world, describing many new genera and species.

A comprehensive account of his life and work is given by
Louise Berridge.
Titaura
Titaura (Nepali: तितौरा; titaura) are a category of various preserved, pickled, and jammed fruits originating in Nepal. The flavor, like other preserves ranges from sweet to sour or to heavily spiced. The texture also vary, with solid consistency being common, others can be jammy or liquid and are called jhol paun.

While any fruit can technically be formed into a titaura, the most commonly used is the lapsi. Other fruits commonly used are limes, mangoes, grapefruits, and raw papayas. Ingredients for production includes sugar, black salt, pepper, and optionally, Nepalese timur pepper, a variety of Sichuan Pepper. It can also be used as an ingredient in other items, such as drinks and cocktails.

Grapefruit
The grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi) is a subtropical citrus tree known for its relatively large, sour to semi-sweet, somewhat bitter fruit. The flesh of the fruit is segmented and varies in color from pale yellow to dark red.

Grapefruits originated in Barbados in the 18th century. They are a citrus hybrid that was created through an accidental cross between the sweet orange (C. × sinensis) and the pomelo (C. maxima), both of which were introduced to the Caribbean from Asia in the 17th century. It has also been called the 'forbidden fruit'. In the past it was called the pomelo, but that term is now mostly used as the common name for Citrus maxima.

Grapefruit–drug interactions are common, as the juice contains furanocoumarins that interfere with the metabolism of many drugs. This can prolong and intensify the effects of those drugs, leading to multiple side-effects such as abnormal heart rhythms, bleeding inside the stomach, low blood pressure, difficulty breathing, and dizziness.
2016 Winnipeg National Bank Challenger
The 2016 Winnipeg National Bank Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 1st edition, for men, and 4th edition, for women, of the tournament and part of the 2016 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2016 ITF Women's Circuit, offering totals of $75,000, for men, and $25,000, for women, in prize money. It took place in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada between July 11 and July 17, 2016.

Francesca Di Lorenzo
Francesca Di Lorenzo (Italian pronunciation: [franˈtʃeska di loˈrɛntso]; born July 22, 1997) is an American former tennis player. She is currently assistant coach of the University of Central Florida women's tennis team.

She played collegiately for the Ohio State University. On May 29, 2017, Di Lorenzo and her partner Miho Kowase won the NCAA Women's Doubles Championship.
Tryggevælde Runestone
Tryggevælde Runestone, designated as DR 230 under Rundata, is a runestone housed in the National Museum of Denmark, in Copenhagen. It is classified as being carved in runestone style RAK, and is dated to about 900 AD.

National Museum of Denmark
The National Museum of Denmark (Danish: Nationalmuseet) in Copenhagen is Denmark's largest museum of cultural history, comprising the histories of Danish and foreign cultures, alike. The museum's main building is located a short distance from Strøget at the center of Copenhagen. It contains exhibits from around the world, from Greenland to South America. Additionally, the museum sponsors SILA - The Greenland Research Center at the National Museum of Denmark to further archaeological and anthropological research in Greenland.

The museum has a number of national commitments, particularly within the following key areas: archaeology, ethnology, numismatics, ethnography, natural science, conservation, communication, building antiquarian activities in connection with the churches of Denmark, as well as the handling of the Danefæ (the National Treasures).
Der Ring des Polykrates (opera)
Der Ring des Polykrates (The Ring of Polykrates), Op. 7, is a one-act opera by Erich Wolfgang Korngold. The libretto, written by Leo Feld and reworked (unattributed) by the composer's father Julius Korngold, is based on a drama by Heinrich Teweles.

Julius Korngold
Julius Leopold Korngold (24 December 1860 – 25 September 1945) was an Austrian music critic. He was the leading critic in early twentieth century Vienna, serving as chief music critic of the Neue Freie Presse from 1904 to 1934. His son was the composer Erich Wolfgang Korngold, whom he named after Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, one of his favorite composers.