hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aleksandr Shubin (historian)
Alexander Vladlenovich Shubin (Russian: Александр Владленович Шубин; born July 18, 1965, in Moscow) is a Russian historian and politician.
Doctor of Sciences in Historical Sciences (2000), Professor at the State Academic University for the Humanities (since 2003) and the Russian State University for the Humanities (since 2007).
He's also Principal Researcher at the Federal State Institution of Science Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

He graduated from the Moscow State Pedagogical University in 1989. He served in the Soviet Air Forces.

From 1989 he worked at the Federal State Institution of Science Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

He is the author more than 25 books.

State Academic University for the Humanities
The State Academic University for the Humanities (Russian: Государственный академический университет гуманитарных наук) (GAUGN former GUGN) is a public higher education institution, based on the individual institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It originally bore the name Russian Center of Liberal Education (RCOLE), State University of Humanities (SUOH). The director: Aleksandr Chubaryan, a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Goran Zakarić
Goran Zakarić (Bosnian pronunciation: [ɡǒran zǎkaritɕ]; born 7 November 1992) is a Bosnian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Macedonian First Football League club FK Vardar.

Zakarić started his professional career at Kozara Gradiška, before joining Široki Brijeg in 2010. The following year, he moved to Dinamo Zagreb. His spell with the club was marked by many loans, until he eventually settled at Željezničar in 2017. A year later, he switched to Partizan. One year after, he signed with Universitatea Craiova. The following year, he joined Borac Banja Luka. After parting ways with Borac Banja Luka, Zakarić has, in a surprise move, decided to join HNK Zadar, a club that competes in the fourth tier of the Croatian football pyramid.

A former youth international for Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zakarić made his senior international debut in 2014, earning 11 caps since.

2020–21 Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The 2020–21 Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina (known as m:tel Premier League for sponsorship reasons) was the 21st season of the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the highest football league of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The season began on 1 August 2020 and ended on 30 May 2021, with a winter break between mid-December 2020 and late February 2021.

There was no attendance from fans in the stadiums besides each team's staff and personnel due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Nungia epigynalis
Nungia epigynalis was first described by Marek Michał Żabka in 1985 from a single 6 millimetres (0.24 in) long female, although males have subsequently been found. The name is derived from the Nùng people of Vietnam and China. The species name is derived from "epigyne".

Females have a light brown thorax, with a greyish-yellow opisthosoma and longitudinal rows of grey spots. Its legs are yellow, except for the stronger first pair, which are light brown except for the distal segments. They are only found in Asia.

Nùng people
The Nùng (pronounced as noong [nuːŋ]) are a Central Tai-speaking ethnic group living primarily in northeastern Vietnam and southwestern Guangxi. The Nùng sometimes call themselves Thổ, which literally means autochthonous (indigenous or native to the land). Their ethnonym is often mingled with that of the Tày as Tày-Nùng. According to the Vietnam census, the population of the Nùng numbered about 856,412 by 1999, 968,800 by 2009, and 1,083,298 by 2019. They are the third largest Tai-speaking group, preceded by the Tày and the Thái (Black Tai, White Tai and Red Tai groups), and sixth overall among national minority groups.

They are closely related to the Tày and the Zhuang. In China, the Nùng together with the Tày are classified as Zhuang people.
Freemasonry in Portugal
The first known Freemasons in Portugal were the Swiss John Coustos and two other Portuguese members of his lodge, who were arrested by the Portuguese Inquisition and questioned under torture in the 1740s. Coustos wrote a book detailing his sufferings under the Inquisition and pointed to 1728 as being the year of the first Lodge, although nothing is known of the first years of this Lodge and it was not then recognised by the Grand Lodge of England.  Today there are several Masonic Obediences in Portugal.

Portuguese Inquisition
The Portuguese Inquisition (Portuguese: Inquisição Portuguesa), officially known as the General Council of the Holy Office of the Inquisition in Portugal, was formally established in Portugal in 1536 at a long-standing request of King John III.

It was one of three different manifestations of the wider Christian Inquisition, along with the Spanish Inquisition and Roman Inquisition, that survived in the period after the Medieval Inquisition. The Goa Inquisition was an extension of the Portuguese Inquisition in colonial-era Portuguese India. The Portuguese Inquisition was terminated in 1821.
Styled to Rock (British TV series)
Styled to Rock is a British reality television series on Sky Living, executive produced by Barbadian recording artist Rihanna which focuses on fashion design. The contestants compete with each other to create the best outfit for one or more famous music acts every week. They are restricted in time and materials. Their designs are judged and the music act of the week chooses their favorite one. One designer is eliminated each week.

On 25 October 2013, the American version of Styled to Rock premiered on Bravo.

Bravo (American TV network)
Bravo is an American basic cable television network, launched on December 8, 1980. It is owned by the NBCUniversal Media Group division of Comcast's NBCUniversal. The channel originally focused on programming related to fine arts and film. Since the 2000s, it has focused heavily on reality series targeted at 25-54 year-old women and the LGBTQ community at large. Its former sister channels are Nickelodeon and IFC, which are currently owned by Paramount Skydance Corporation and AMC Networks, respectively. As of November 2023, Bravo is available to approximately 70 million pay television households in the United States, down from its 2013 peak of 95 million households.
Brezovica, Kosovo
Brezovica (Serbian Cyrillic: Брезовица, Albanian indefinite form: Brezovicë) is a settlement in the Štrpce municipality in Kosovo, known for its Brezovica ski resort. According to the 2024 Census, Brezovica's total population is 942.

Brezovica is one of the most visited winter tourist destinations in Kosovo. The ski resort area is ideally situated on the north and northwest-facing slopes of the Šar Mountains National Park. The ridge line spans 39,000 hectares of high alpine mountain terrain and forests, with a highly diverse and abundant flora and fauna. Located within 90 minutes of two international airports, the Brezovica resort area represents one of the last remaining under-developed ski resort areas in Southeast Europe.

Definiteness
In linguistics, definiteness is a semantic feature of noun phrases that distinguishes between referents or senses that are identifiable in a given context (definite noun phrases) and those that are not (indefinite noun phrases). The prototypical definite noun phrase picks out a unique, familiar, specific referent such as the sun or Australia, as opposed to indefinite examples like an idea or some fish.

There is considerable variation in the expression of definiteness across languages, and some languages such as Japanese do not generally mark it, so the same expression can be definite in some contexts and indefinite in others. In other languages, such as English, it is usually marked by the selection of determiner (e.g., the vs. a). Still other languages, such as Danish, mark definiteness morphologically by changing the noun itself (e.g. Danish en mand (a man), manden (the man)).
Abhijit Adsul
Abhijit Adsul (Marathi: अभिजीत अडसूळ) is an Indian politician and member of the Shiv Sena. He was elected to Maharashtra Legislative Assembly in 2009 from the  Daryapur Vidhan Sabha constituency in Amravati District.

Daryapur Assembly constituency
Daryapur Assembly constituency is one of the 288 constituencies of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha and one of the eight which are located in Amravati district. It is reserved for Scheduled Caste candidates.

It is a part of the Amravati (Lok Sabha constituency) along with five other Vidhan Sabha assembly constituencies, viz. Badnera, Amravati, Teosa, Melghat (ST) and Achalpur.

The remaining two Dhamangaon Railway and Morshi constituencies are part of the Wardha (Lok Sabha constituency) in the adjoining Wardha district.

As per orders of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 40 Daryapur Assembly constituency is composed of the following: 
1. Daryapur Tehsil, 2. Anjangaon Surji Tehsil 3. Achalpur Tehsil (Part), Revenue Circle Rasegaon of the district.
Tom Tjaarda
Tom Tjaarda (born Stevens Thompson Tjaarda van Starkenburg; July 23, 1934 – June 2, 2017) was an American automobile designer noted for his work on a broad range of automobiles — estimated at over eighty — from exotic sports cars including the Ferrari 365 California and De Tomaso Pantera to high-volume popular cars including the first generation Ford Fiesta (1976) and the Fiat 124 Spider (1966).

For his work, Tjaarda was honored at the 1997 Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance as well as the 1997 Concorso Italiano.

Jalopnik called Tjaarda "one of the defining automotive designers of the 20th century." Noted automotive designer and journalist Robert Cumberford called Tjaarda "one of the world’s most accomplished Italian car designers." Car Design News called him "one of the great unsung heroes of the car design world."

Static Media
Static Media Inc., the business name of 7Hops.com Inc., is an American internet company established in 2012, incorporated in Delaware, and based in Indianapolis. It operates ZergNet, a content recommendation business that promotes paid content and is known for its clickbait headlines. Most sites that the company owns use the same website model and design, sometimes dubbed "infinite scroll", whereby content is loaded continuously as the user scrolls down. For example, scrolling down on the homepage loads more articles in perpetuity (until the user reaches the very first article written for the site). Scrolling down on individual articles also does not reach the page footer, instead loading a different, related article, so the user can continue reading content from the site indefinitely without needing to click a new link. This is also called "infinite-content pages" or "endless pages". The title of one of the brands, Looper, refers to this design.
Little Four Conference (IHSAA)
The Little Four Conference was a short-lived IHSAA-sanctioned conference in Central Indiana. The conference began in 1971, as the remaining three Big Four Conference schools joined with local team Eminence, who had been independent since the demise of the Little Eight Conference in 1964. The conference folded when Granville Wells consolidated into Western Boone. Within two years, Eminence would be the only school left from the four teams.

Indiana High School Athletic Association
The Indiana High School Athletic Association (IHSAA) is the arbiter of interscholastic competition among public and private high schools in the U.S. state of Indiana.

Member schools are classified into four classes based on enrollment, ranging from the smallest, 1A, to the largest, 4A. Some sports provide specific classifications, such as football (six classes) and soccer (three).

The IHSAA's boys and girls basketball tournaments, sometimes dubbed Hoosier Hysteria, are some of the oldest and best-attended state basketball tournaments in the United States.
Too Early
Too Early is an 1873 genre painting by the French artist James Tissot. It depicts a ballroom in fashionable Victorian high society with some of the guests, a father and his three daughters, having arrived embarrassingly early for the ball. On the left their hostess is giving instructions to the orchestra while housemaids peer round the corner.

Tissot had moved to London in 1871 following the Franco-Prussian War. He displayed this and another work Last Evening at the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition of 1873. Today the painting is in the collection of the Guildhall Art Gallery in the City of London, having been acquired in 1903.

Maid
A maid, housemaid, or maidservant is a female domestic worker. In the Victorian era, domestic service was the second-largest category of employment in England and Wales, after agricultural work. In developed Western nations, full-time maids are now typically only found in the wealthiest households. In other parts of the world (mainly within the continent of Asia), maids remain common in urban middle-class households.

Maid in Middle English meant an unmarried woman, especially a young one, or specifically a virgin.  These meanings lived on in English until recent times (and are still familiar from literature and folk music), alongside the sense of the word as a type of servant.
Nauvoo Bell
The Nauvoo Bell, also known as the Relief Society Memorial Campanile, was a bell tower in Salt Lake City's Temple Square, in the U.S. state of Utah.

It is also a name of the 1,500-pound bell in that tower, more accurately known as the Hummer Bell. This bell is frequently confused with the bell from the Nauvoo Temple that was brought from Nauvoo, Illinois, by Charles C. Rich’s company of pioneers.

Charles C. Rich
Charles Coulson Rich (August 21, 1809 – November 17, 1883) was an early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement. He led one of the first groups of Mormon pioneers west from Illinois under the leadership of Brigham Young after Joseph Smith's murder.

Rich was chosen and served as an apostle of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) under Brigham Young after the Church settled in Utah Territory. President Young asked Rich to open up San Bernardino, California, for settlement in 1850, and Bear Lake Valley, located in Utah and Idaho, in 1863. Rich founded many communities in Bear Lake Valley, including Paris, Montpelier, Fish Haven, Ovid, Georgetown, St. Charles, Bloomington, Bennington, Wardboro, Dingle, Glencoe and Pegram in Idaho, and Garden City, Meadowville, and Laketown in Utah.
X-Faktor series 9
X-Faktor is a Hungarian television music competition to find new singing talent. Kiss Ramona presented her third series of X-Faktor. The ninth series aired on RTL Klub in 2019. ByeAlex, Laci Gáspár, Peti Puskás remained in the jury in the 9th season. After 2 years Gigi Radics, left X-Faktor, and was replaced by Bogi Dallos. Tibor Ruszó won the competition, in the boys category.

ByeAlex
Alex Márta (born 6 June 1984), better known by his stage name ByeAlex, is a Hungarian indie pop musical artist and music coach. He represented Hungary in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 in Malmö, Sweden, with the song "Kedvesem", coming 10th in the final. In 2014 his debut novel Özséb, egy öngyilkos Miskolcon (Özséb, a suicide in Miskolc) was published in Hungary.

In the summer of 2015, ByeAlex decided to add 'és a Slepp' ('and the Slepp') to the name of band referring to the following musicians playing with Alex: Szeifert Bálint – bass guitar, vocals, Schnellbach Dávid – guitar, Tóth G. Zoltán – (acoustic) guitar, (and manager), Fekete Balázs – drums.

In 2017, the formation Senkise was formed consisting of Alex Márta and Gergő Schmidt (aka TEMBO).
Hirini Whaanga Christy
Hirini Whaanga Christy (16 August 1883 – 1 July 1955) was a New Zealand Mormon leader, farmer, interpreter, community leader. Of Māori descent, he identified with the Ngati Kahungunu and Ngati Rakaipaaka iwi. He was born in Nūhaka, New Zealand, on 16 August 1883. He was a great-grandson of Ihaka Whaanga.

Christy emigrated to Utah Territory in 1894 with his extended family. Christy attended high school in Salt Lake City and later graduated from Latter-day Saints' University, where he was a star athlete. Christy was a member of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir and married Kathleen Welsh in 1907.

In 1918, Christy and his family returned to New Zealand and settled in Nūhaka. While there, he became the first Māori to become a seventy in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

Utah Territory
The Territory of Utah was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from September 9, 1850, until January 4, 1896, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Utah, the 45th state.  At its creation, the Territory of Utah included all of the present-day State of Utah, most of the current state of Nevada save for a portion of Southern Nevada (including the metro area of the city of Las Vegas), much of modern western Colorado, and the extreme southwest corner of present-day Wyoming.
Elena Puw Morgan
Elena Puw Morgan (1900–1973, née Davies) was a Welsh writer. She became the first woman to win the Literary Medal at the National Eisteddfod, with the novel Y Graith (The Scar) in 1938. In addition to novels for an adult audience, Morgan published Welsh-language children's books.

National Eisteddfod of Wales
The National Eisteddfod of Wales (Welsh: Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Cymru ⓘ) is the largest of several eisteddfodau that are held annually, mostly in Wales. Its eight days of competitions and performances are considered the largest music and poetry festival in Europe. Competitors typically number 6,000 or more, and overall attendance generally exceeds 100,000 visitors, the highest recently being 186,000 attending the 2024 festival in Pontypridd.  The 2018 Eisteddfod was held in Cardiff Bay with a fence-free 'Maes'. In 2020, the event was held virtually under the name AmGen; events were held over a one-week period.
Willie Hopkins
William John Hopkins (18 June 1896 – 7 July 1968) was a Welsh international rugby union player.

Born and raised in Port Talbot, Hopkins was educated at The Mountain School, where in addition to rugby he had success as a swimmer. He was a Welsh Schoolboys rugby representative.

Hopkins played junior rugby for Aberavon Rovers and in 1923 toured France with his county team.

A half–back, Hopkins was capped twice for Wales, debuting against England at Twickenham at 1925.

Hopkins took over as captain of Aberavon RFC in 1925–26.

Aberavon RFC
Aberavon Rugby Club (Welsh: Clwb Rygbi Aberafan) is a rugby union club located in the Welsh town of Port Talbot, though the club's name refers to the older settlement of Aberavon which lies on the western side of the town.

The club was founded in 1876 as Afan Football Club, and changed names several times before settling on Aberavon Rugby Football Club. They joined the Welsh Rugby Union in 1887.
Richard Langmead
Richard Langmead, born 31 December 1972 in Llantrisant, Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales, is a former rugby union player. An outside half, he played his club rugby for Treorchy RFC, Merthyr RFC, Llantrisant RFC and Pontypridd RFC.

He retired as a player in 2007 and began coaching at Old Illtydians RFC. In 2008, he became Team Manager at Pontypridd RFC.

Langmead is a manager at carpentry firm, GE Carpentry Ltd.

Treorchy RFC
Treorchy Rugby Football Club is a rugby union team from the village of Treorchy, in the Rhondda Valley, Wales. They formed in 1886 and by 1891 were a strong voice in the Welsh Football Union and were playing in the Rhondda Division.
Rashtriya Parivartan Dal
Rashtriya Parivartan Dal (National Transformation Party) is a political party in India led by D. P. Yadav.

RPD have 2 seats in UP State Assembly. Party President is D. P. Yadav, Uttar Pradesh State President is Ram Samujh and State Vice President is Abhinav Shukla. Yadav's son, Vikas Yadav, had contested the 2002 Uttar Pradesh state assembly elections and lost. Vikas Yadav stands accused of murder. Ahead of the 2004 Lok Sabha elections Yadav joined the Bharatiya Janata Party. His stay in the party did however become short, due to the overwhelming criticism inside the BJP for accepting him in spite of his criminal record. After being expelled from the BJP, Yadav reconstituted RPD

Abhinav Shukla
Abhinav Shukla (born 27 September 1982) is an Indian actor who primarily works in Hindi television and films. He participated in Bigg Boss 14 and Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 11 and emerged as semi finalist in the latter. Shukla emerged as the winner of the reality show Pati Patni Aur Panga.
Elliott, Mississippi
Elliott is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Grenada County, Mississippi, United States, and part of the Grenada Micropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 990.

Elliott is located on the southern edge of Grenada County, with its southern border following the Montgomery County line. It is along U.S. Route 51, 7 miles (11 km) south of Grenada, the county seat, and 4 miles (6 km) north of Duck Hill. The Camp McCain Training Center of the Mississippi National Guard is 3 miles (5 km) to the east.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Elliott CDP has an area of 4.5 square miles (11.7 km2), all of it land. The community is in the valley of Batupan Bogue, a northwest-flowing tributary of the Yalobusha River.

Elliott is located on the former Illinois Central Railroad.

A post office operated under the name Elliott from 1860 to 1964.

Yalobusha River
The Yalobusha River is a river, 165 miles (266 km) long, in north-central Mississippi in the United States.  It is a principal tributary of the Yazoo River, via which it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River.

The name "Yalobusha" comes from the Choctaw word yalooboshi, meaning "little tadpole", from yalooba, "tadpole", and -ushi, "diminutive". The United States Board on Geographic Names settled on the river's name in 1892.  According to the Geographic Names Information System, it has also been known as "Yallabusha" and as the "Yellowbushy River."
Sodium-vapor lamp
A sodium-vapor lamp is a gas-discharge lamp that uses sodium in an excited state to produce light at a characteristic wavelength near 589 nm.

Two varieties of such lamps exist: low pressure, and high pressure. Low-pressure sodium lamps are highly efficient electrical light sources, but their yellow-orange light restricts applications to outdoor lighting, such as street lamps, where they are widely used. High-pressure sodium lamps emit a broader spectrum of light than the low-pressure lamps, but they still have poorer color rendering than other types of lamps. Low-pressure sodium lamps give only monochromatic yellow-orange light, inhibiting color vision at night.

Single ended self-starting lamps are insulated with a mica disc and contained in a borosilicate glass gas discharge tube (arc tube) with a metal cap. They include the sodium-vapor lamp that is the gas-discharge lamp used in street lighting.

Emission spectrum
The emission spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted due to electrons making a transition from a high energy state to a lower energy state. The photon energy of the emitted photons is equal to the energy difference between the two states. There are many possible electron transitions for each atom, and each transition has a specific energy difference. This collection of different transitions, leading to different radiated wavelengths, make up an emission spectrum. Each element's emission spectrum is unique. Therefore, spectroscopy can be used to identify elements in matter of unknown composition. Similarly, the emission spectra of molecules can be used in chemical analysis of substances.