hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ashtadhatu
Ashtadhatu (Sanskrit: अष्टधातु, romanized: Aṣṭadhātu, lit. 'eight metals'), also called octo-alloy, is an alloy comprising the eight metals of gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, tin, iron, and mercury, often used for casting metallic idols for Jain and Hindu temples in India.

The composition is laid down in the Shilpa Shastras, a collection of ancient texts that describe arts, crafts, and their design rules, principles and standards. Ashtadhatu is used because it is considered sattivik (virtuous or pure) in Hinduism, and does not decay, and it is also restricted to the production of images for the deities Kubera, Vishnu, Krishna, Rama, Kartikeya, and the goddesses Durga and Lakshmi.

Its traditional composition, all eight metals are in equal proportion (12.5% each).

Sattva
Sattva (Sanskrit: सत्त्व, meaning goodness) is one of the three guṇas or "modes of existence" (tendencies, qualities, attributes), a philosophical and psychological concept understood by the Samkhya school of Hindu philosophy. The other two qualities are rajas (passion and activity) and tamas (destruction, chaos). Sattva is the quality of goodness, purity, positivity, truth, serenity, balance, peacefulness, and virtuousness that is drawn towards Dharma and jñāna (knowledge). The act or a person who bears this is called Sattvic.
Spider-Man and Zoids
Spider-Man and Zoids was a British comic book series by Marvel UK that was a tie-in with the toys of the same name. The comics anthology included reprints of Spider-Man stories from the US and an original series of Zoids tales to go along with the original UK model kit releases. Spider-Man and Zoids is notable for featuring early work by Grant Morrison, including the epic and apocalyptic Black Zoid storyline.

Comics anthology
A comics anthology collects works in the medium of comics, typically from multiple series, and compiles them into an anthology or magazine. The comics in these anthologies range from comic strips that are too short for standalone publication to comic book chapters that might later be compiled into collected comic book volumes (such as manga tankobon and comic albums).
William Stewart (Houghton-le-Spring MP)
William Joseph Stewart MP (5 April 1878 – 5 March 1960) was a Labour Party politician in the United Kingdom.

He was elected at the 1935 general election as Member of Parliament (MP) for Houghton-le-Spring in County Durham, defeating the sitting Conservative MP Robert Chapman, who had won the seat in 1931.  Stewart served only one term in Parliament, standing down at the 1945 general election.

Houghton-le-Spring (UK Parliament constituency)
Houghton-le-Spring was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1885 to 1983. Centred on the town of Houghton-le-Spring, now part of the City of Sunderland, it elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first-past-the-post system of election.
André Roberson
André Lee Roberson (born December 4, 1991) is an American professional basketball player for Zenit Saint Petersburg of the VTB United League. He played college basketball for the Colorado Buffaloes. As a junior in 2013, Roberson earned first-team all-conference honors in the Pac-12 for the second time and was also named the Pac-12 Defensive Player of the Year. He was selected in the first round of the 2013 NBA draft with the 26th overall pick by the Minnesota Timberwolves, but was acquired by the Oklahoma City Thunder in a draft night trade. Roberson was named to the NBA All-Defensive Second Team in 2017.

BC Zenit Saint Petersburg
BC Zenit Saint Petersburg (Russian: БК Зенит Санкт Петербург), formerly known as BC Dynamo Moscow Region (2003–2007) and BC Triumph Lyubertsy (2007–2014), is a Russian professional basketball team that is located in Saint Petersburg, Russia, since 2014. The club competes domestically in the VTB United League.

Their home court is Sibur Arena. The club is sponsored by Gazprom. Since the team moved to Saint Petersburg in 2014, the team is a part of the multi-sports club Zenit, of which the football club FC Zenit Saint Petersburg, is also a part. Alexander Tserkovny is a general manager of the club since July 16, 2018.
The Yellow Typhoon
The Yellow Typhoon is a 1920 American silent drama film directed by Edward José and written by Monte M. Katterjohn. It is based on the 1919 novel The Yellow Typhoon by Harold MacGrath. The film stars Anita Stewart, Ward Crane, Donald MacDonald, Joseph Kilgour, George Fisher, and Ed Brady. The film was released on May 3, 1920, by First National Exhibitors' Circuit.

First National Pictures
First National Pictures was an American motion picture production and distribution company. It was founded in 1917 as First National Exhibitors' Circuit, Inc., an association of independent theatre owners in the United States, and became the country's largest theater chain. Expanding from exhibiting movies to distributing them, the company reincorporated in 1919 as Associated First National Theatres, Inc., and Associated First National Pictures, Inc. In 1924 it expanded to become a motion picture production company as First National Pictures, Inc., and became an important studio in the film industry. In September 1928, control of First National passed to Warner Bros., into which it was completely absorbed on November 4, 1929. A number of Warner Bros. films were thereafter branded First National Pictures until July 1936, when First National Pictures, Inc., was dissolved.
2002 Davis Cup
The 2002 Davis Cup (also known as the 2002 Davis Cup by BNP Paribas for sponsorship purposes) was the 91st edition of the Davis Cup, the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 130 teams entered the competition, 16 in the World Group, 28 in the Americas Zone, 32 in the Asia/Oceania Zone, and 54 in the Europe/Africa Zone. Kyrgyzstan made its first appearances in the tournament.

BNP Paribas became the Davis Cup's new Title Sponsor from this year's tournament, taking over from NEC, the previous sponsor since the 1981 tournament.

Russia defeated the defending champions France in the final, held at the Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy in Paris, France, on 29 November–1 December, to win their first title. This is the only time in the history of the competition that a two-set deficit has been turned around in a live fifth rubber of a Final.

Russia Davis Cup team
The Russia men's national tennis team represented Russia in Davis Cup tennis competition. It is governed by the Russian Tennis Federation. The team started playing in 1993.

Russia has won the Davis Cup twice, in 2002 and 2006. In addition, the team of the Russian Tennis Federation (RTF) won the Davis Cup in 2021. Russia finished as runner-up three times, in 1994, 1995, and 2007.

Russia was suspended in 2022 after the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Kongur Tiube
Kongur Tagh, which means "a brown mountain" in Uyghur language, has a significant subpeak known as Kongur Tiube (公格尔九别峰 which means in the local language "the mountain with a white cap", also Kongur Tiubie / Jiubie and Kungur Tjube Tagh), 38°36′57″N 75°11′44″E﻿ / ﻿38.61583°N 75.19556°E﻿ / 38.61583; 75.19556﻿ (Kungur Tjube Tagh); elevation = 7,530 metres (24,700 ft).Ranked 46th  It is moderately independent, with a topographic prominence of 840 m (2,760 ft).

In 1956 Evgeny Andrianovich Beletsky led a large expedition of Soviet and Chinese climbers to Xinjiang. After successsfully making the first ascent of Muztagh Ata a smaller group, led by Kirill Kuzmin set out to make the first ascent of Kongur Tiube. On 16 August Kuzmin reached the summit, accompanied by five other Soviet mountaineers and two Chinese mountaineers.

In 2015, Chinese state media reported about a huge body of the Kongur Tiube glacier collapsing causing a 20 km long and one kilometre wide ice rock avalanche.

Topographic prominence
In topography, prominence (also referred to as autonomous height, and shoulder drop in US English, and drop in British English) is the relative height of a mountain or hill's summit relative to the lowest contour line encircling it but containing no higher summit within it. It is a measure of the independence of a summit. The key col ("saddle") around the peak is a unique point on this contour line and the parent peak (if any) is some higher mountain, selected according to various criteria.
Gotha WD.7
The Gotha WD.7 (Wasser Doppeldecker; 'Water Biplane') was a twin-engine maritime patrol floatplane developed during World War I by Gothaer Waggonfabrik (Gotha) for the Imperial German Navy's (Kaiserliche Marine) Naval Air Service (Marine-Fliegerabteilung). The prototype was captured by the French on its first combat mission in April 1916 after it was forced to make an emergency landing after an engine failed. Despite this seven additional WD.7s were ordered and were used for training torpedo bomber pilots and for trials. Only a single aircraft is known to have survived the war.

Torpedo bomber
A torpedo bomber is a military aircraft designed primarily to attack ships with aerial torpedoes. Torpedo bombers came into existence just before the First World War almost as soon as aircraft were built that were capable of carrying the weight of a torpedo, and remained an important aircraft type until they were rendered obsolete by anti-ship missiles. They were an important element in many famous Second World War battles, notably the British attack at Taranto, the sinking of the German battleship Bismarck, the sinking of the British battleship HMS Prince Of Wales and the British battlecruiser HMS Repulse and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
Enid Lake
Enid Lake is a lake that is located mostly in Yalobusha County in the U.S. state of Mississippi. Parts of it extend into Panola and Lafayette counties.  Common fish species include crappie, largemouth bass, catfish and bream.  Enid Lake holds the world record for white crappie at 5 lbs 3 oz (2.35 kg), and holds the Mississippi state record for shortnose gar at 5.83 lb (2.64 kg), as well as the state record for spotted gar at 8.1 lb (3.7 kg).

Enid Dam is an earthen dam across the Yocona River.  The dam is 110 ft (34 m) high and 8,400 ft (2,600 m) long at its crest.  The structure was completed in 1952, for flood control and recreation, as a project of the United States Army Corps of Engineers.  The lake (conservation pool) has a surface area of 6,100 acres (2,500 ha) and a storage of 57,600 acre-foot (71,000,000 m3).

Spotted gar
The spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus) is a freshwater fish native to North America that has an abundance of dark spots on its head, fins, and dart-like body. Spotted gar have an elongated mouth with many needle-like teeth to catch other fish and crustaceans. It is one of the smallest of the seven species of gar found in North America, growing 2–3 ft (0.61–0.91 m) in length and weighing 4–6 lb (1.8–2.7 kg) typically. Gars have diamond-shaped, thick, enamel (ganoid) scales. The name Lepisosteus is Greek for "bony scale".

Gars are almost never eaten in the central and northern United States. They have high levels of mercury and are considered a cancer risk.
Frank–Tamm formula
The Frank–Tamm formula yields the amount of Cherenkov radiation emitted on a given frequency as a charged particle moves through a medium at superluminal velocity. It is named for Russian physicists Ilya Frank and Igor Tamm who developed the theory of the Cherenkov effect in 1937, for which they were awarded a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1958.

When a charged particle moves faster than the phase speed of light in a medium, electrons interacting  with the particle can emit coherent photons while conserving energy and momentum. This process can be viewed as a decay. See Cherenkov radiation and nonradiation condition for an explanation of this effect.

Phase velocity
The phase velocity of a wave is the speed of any wavefront, a surface of constant phase. This is the velocity at which the phase of any constant-frequency component of the wave travels. For such a  spectral component, any given phase of the wave (for example, the crest) will appear to travel at the phase velocity. The phase velocity of light waves is not a physically meaningful quantity and is not related to information transfer.: 18
Aphelandra squarrosa
Aphelandra squarrosa (commonly but ambiguously called "zebra plant") is a plant species in the family Acanthaceae, which is native to Atlantic Forest vegetation of Brazil. This plant is often used as a house plant. This plant is cited in Flora Brasiliensis by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius.

Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius
Carl Friedrich Philipp (Karl Friedrich Philipp) von Martius (17 April 1794 – 13 December 1868) was a German botanist and explorer. Between 1817 and 1820, he travelled 10,000 km through Brazil while collecting botanical specimens. His most important work was a comprehensive flora of Brazil, Flora Brasiliensis, which he initiated in 1840 and was completed posthumously in 1906.
Deadlands
Deadlands is a genre-mixing alternate history role-playing game which combines the Western and horror genres, with some steampunk elements. The original game was written by Shane Lacy Hensley and published by Pinnacle Entertainment Group in 1996.

The eight-time Origins Award–winning setting has been converted to many other systems over the years and is available in the original Classic Rules, the revised Classic Rules, d20 System and GURPS adaptations, and a Savage Worlds version called Deadlands: Reloaded.

Genre fiction
In the book-trade, genre fiction, also known as formula fiction, or commercial fiction, encompasses fictional works written with the intent of fitting into a specific literary genre in order to appeal to readers and fans already familiar with that genre.  These labels commonly imply that this type of fiction places more value on plot and entertainment than on character development, philosophical themes, or artistic depth. This distinguishes genre fiction from literary fiction.

Popular genres include crime, fantasy, romance, science fiction and horror—as well as Western, inspirational and historical fiction.

Slipstream genre is sometimes thought to be in between genre and non-genre fiction.
Jordan A. Goodman
Jordan A. Goodman is an American physicist whose expertise is in particle astrophysics. He is the former Chair of Physics Department, at the University of Maryland. In 2009, Goodman was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 2017 he was awarded the Yodh Prize.

Astroparticle physics
Astroparticle physics, also called particle astrophysics, is a branch of particle physics that studies elementary particles of astrophysical origin and their relation to astrophysics and cosmology. It is a relatively new field of research emerging at the intersection of particle physics, astronomy, astrophysics, detector physics, relativity, solid state physics, and cosmology. Partly motivated by the discovery of neutrino oscillation, the field has undergone rapid development, both theoretically and experimentally, since the early 2000s.
English ship Marigold (1650)
Marigold was a 30-gun fourth rate vessel of the Kingdom of England, She was purchased from Portugal by Royalist agents then captured and commissioned into the Parliamentary Naval Force as Marigold. She conducted fishery protection duties, sailed to the West Indies and finally was with the Fleet off Cadiz. She was sold in 1658.

Marigold was the first named vessel in the English or Royal Navy.

Fourth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy, a fourth-rate was a ship of the line with two gun decks which mounted between 46 and 60 guns. They served in all conflicts the Royal Navy participated in during the early modern period until they were gradually phased out of active service during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, as their usefulness was declining; though fourth-rates often remained in service on distant stations such as the East Indies. Several fourth-rates were created by razeeing larger ships of the line, and occasionally from East Indiamen such as HMS Calcutta.
Pronunciation of English ⟨ng⟩
In English, the digraph ⟨ng⟩ often represents the velar nasal, as in long /lɒŋ/ and nothing /ˈnʌθɪŋ/. In other cases, it represents a sequence of the velar nasal followed by the voiced velar stop, as in longer /ˈlɒŋɡər/, which had been the original pronunciation of the digraph up until Early Modern English when the /ɡ/ sound was lost in most words, giving /ŋ/ a phonemic status in English. Another pronunciation is /ndʒ/, as in angel /ˈeɪndʒəl/ and one pronunciation of longevity /lɒnˈdʒɛvɪti/ (alternatively pronounced with /ŋdʒ/, /lɒŋˈdʒɛvɪti/, by analogy with long).

Phoneme
A phoneme (/ˈfoʊniːm/) is a set of similar speech sounds that are perceptually regarded by the speakers of a language as a single basic sound—a smallest possible phonetic unit—that helps distinguish one word from another. All languages contain phonemes (or the spatial–gestural equivalent in sign languages), and all spoken languages include both consonant and vowel phonemes. Phonemes are studied under phonology, a branch of linguistics (a discipline encompassing language, writing, speech and related matters).

Phonemes are often represented, when written, as a glyph (a character) enclosed within two forward-sloping slashes /. For example, /k/ represents the phoneme or sound used at the beginning of the English-language word cat (as opposed to, say, the /b/ of bat).
Armutveren, Posof
Armutveren is a village in the Posof District, Ardahan Province, Turkey. Its population is 78 (2021).

The former name of the village of Armutveren was Papala. Papala (Mingrelian: ფაფალა), a Megrelian word, means canyon. This place name was recorded as Papala (پاپالا) in the Ottoman land-survey register (mufassal defter) of 1595.

Posof District
Posof District is a district of Ardahan Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town Posof. Its area is 583 km2, and its population is 6,448 (2021). It has a border crossing with neighboring Georgia at Türkgözü.
Dale Mabry Field
For the World War II use of the airport, see Dale Mabry Army Airfield

Dale Mabry Field is a former airport 3.4 miles (5.5 km) west of Tallahassee, Florida.  It was replaced in 1961 by Tallahassee Municipal Airport (now Tallahassee International Airport) and the land is now the campus of Tallahassee State College. Some of the runways are used for parking.

National Airlines (1934–1980)
National Airlines was a trunk carrier, a scheduled airline in the United States that operated from 1934 until it merged with Pan Am in 1980. For most of its existence the company was headquartered at Miami International Airport, Florida. At its height, National Airlines had a network of "Coast-to-Coast-to-Coast" flights, linking Florida and Gulf Coast destinations such as New Orleans and Houston with cities along the East Coast as far north as Boston as well as with large cities on the West Coast including Los Angeles, San Francisco and Seattle. From 1970 to 1978, National, Braniff International Airways, Pan American World Airways (Pan Am) and Trans World Airlines (TWA) were the only U.S. airlines permitted to operate scheduled passenger flights to Europe.
Mishael Abbott
Mishael Abbott (born June 21, 1981, in Jefferson City, Missouri) is a female race car driver. In 2001, she began racing in Formula Mazda. In 2005, she drove in four Indy Pro Series races for Hemelgarn Johnson Motorsports with a best finish of eighth in her first race and thirteenth in points. In 2006, she made three starts for Michael Crawford Racing and despite finishing all three races, had a best finish of twelfth. Since 2007, she has competed in Sports Car Club of America C Sports Racer, Formula Mazda, and Formula Atlantic competition.

She was the first female driver to compete in the  Indy Pro Series under IRL ownership.

Sports Car Club of America
The Sports Car Club of America (SCCA) is a non-profit American automobile club and sanctioning body supporting Autocross, Rallycross, HPDE, Time Trial, Road Racing, RoadRally, and Hill Climbs in the United States. Formed in 1944, it runs many programs for both amateur and professional racers.
New York City's 40th City Council district
New York City's 40th City Council district is one of 51 districts in the New York City Council. It has been represented by Democrat Rita Joseph since 2022. She succeeded term-limited Mathieu Eugene, who unsuccessfully ran for Brooklyn Borough President in 2021.

Prospect Lefferts Gardens
Prospect Lefferts Gardens is a residential neighborhood in Flatbush of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. The community is bounded by Empire Boulevard (formerly Malbone Street) to the north, Clarkson Avenue to the south, New York Avenue to the east, and Ocean Avenue/Prospect Park to the west. Prospect Lefferts Gardens was designated a New York City Landmark area in 1979 and called the Prospect Lefferts Gardens Historic District.

The neighborhood contains an ethnically diverse community with a largely Caribbean-American and African-American population. Since the 2000s, Prospect Lefferts Gardens has been gentrifying quickly. Real estate development has increased and new residents from other groups have increased.

Prospect Lefferts Gardens is part of Brooklyn Community District 9, and its primary ZIP Code is 11225. It is patrolled by the 71st Precinct of the New York City Police Department. Politically it is represented by the New York City Council's 40th District.
Delicate Arch
Delicate Arch is a 52-foot-tall (16 m) freestanding natural arch located in Arches National Park, near Moab in Grand County, Utah, United States. The arch is the most widely recognized landmark in Arches National Park and is depicted on Utah license plates and a postage stamp commemorating Utah's centennial anniversary of admission to the Union in 1896. The Olympic torch relay for the 2002 Winter Olympics passed through the arch.

Moab, Utah
Moab (/ˈmoʊ.æb/ ⓘ) is the largest city in and the county seat of Grand County in eastern Utah in the western United States, known for its dramatic scenery. The population was 5,366 at the 2020 census. Moab attracts many tourists annually, mostly visitors to the nearby Arches and Canyonlands National Parks. The town is a popular base for mountain bikers who ride the extensive network of trails including the Slickrock Trail, and for off-roaders who come for the annual Moab Jeep Safari.

Moab is home to one of the nine regional campuses of Utah State University.
Haploceratoidea
Haploceratoidea, formerly Haplocerataceae, is an extinct superfamily of ammonoid cephalopods belonging to the Ammonitida that unites three families, Strigoceratidae, Oppeliidae, and Haploceratidae, listed below.

Haploceratoidea begins with all three families in the lower Middle Jurassic, Bajocian.  Strigoceratidae is limited to the Bajocian but Oppeliidae, and Haploceratidae extend through the remaining Jurassic, well into the Cretaceous; the Oppeliidae into the middle Albian, the Haplocertidae only into the Valanginian.

Middle Jurassic
The Middle Jurassic is the second epoch of the Jurassic Period. It lasted from about 174.1 to 161.5 million years ago. Fossils of land-dwelling animals, such as dinosaurs, from the Middle Jurassic are relatively rare, but geological formations containing land animal fossils include the Forest Marble Formation in England, the Kilmaluag Formation in Scotland, the Calcaire de Caen of France, the Daohugou Beds in China, the Itat Formation in Russia, the Tiourarén Formationof Niger, and the Isalo III Formation of western Madagascar. Rocks of the Middle Jurassic were formerly (until about 1980s) in Europe called Dogger or Brown Jurassic.