hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Samuel Henry Baker
Samuel Henry Baker (1824–1909) was an English landscape artist. He was a member of the Royal Birmingham Society of Artists (RBSA) and the Royal Society of Painter-Etchers and Engravers (RE). He painted rural landscape scenes in watercolour.

Samuel Henry Baker was born in Birmingham, the son of Thomas Baker who was a manager at Matthew Boulton's Soho Works. He was apprenticed to James Chaplin, a magic lantern-slide painter and trained at the Birmingham School of Design. He also took lessons from the landscape painter, Joseph Paul Pettitt who had been a pupil of Joseph Vincent Barber. It was possibly through Pettit that Baker inherited the distinctive drawing style of the Birmingham School with its clear outlines and bold cross hatching. He exhibited over five hundred paintings at the RBSA from 1848 to 1909 and was elected a member in 1868.

His older son Oliver (1856–1939) was also an artist and a designer of note, while his younger son Harold (1860-1942) was a noted photographer.

Magic lantern
The magic lantern, also known by its Latin name lanterna magica, is an early type of image projector that uses pictures—paintings, prints, or photographs—on transparent plates (usually made of glass), one or more lenses, and a light source. Because a single lens inverts an image projected through it (as in the phenomenon which inverts the image of a camera obscura), slides are inserted upside down in the magic lantern, rendering the projected image correctly oriented.

It was mostly developed in the 17th century and commonly used for entertainment purposes. It was increasingly used for education during the 19th century. Since the late 19th century, smaller versions were also mass-produced as toys. The magic lantern was in wide use from the 18th century until the mid-20th century when it was superseded by a compact version that could hold many 35 mm photographic slides: the slide projector.
Star House
Star House (Chinese: 星光行; Jyutping: seng1 gwong1 haang4) is a commercial building facing Victoria Harbour in Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong. The building is located on Salisbury Road and Canton Road.

Star House has 50,800 square feet (4,720 m2) of commercial space.

The building's name is linked to the nearby Tsim Sha Tsui Ferry Pier used by the Star Ferry. The ferry terminal is owned by The Wharf (Holdings).

Star Ferry
The Star Ferry (Chinese: 天星小輪) is a passenger ferry service operator and tourist attraction in Hong Kong. Its principal routes carry passengers across Victoria Harbour, between Hong Kong Island and Kowloon. The service is operated by the Star Ferry Company, which was founded in 1888 as the Kowloon Ferry Company, and which adopted its present name in 1898.

With a fleet of twelve ferries, the company operates two routes across the harbour, carrying over 70,000 passengers per day, or 26 million per year. Even though the harbour is crossed by railway and road tunnels, the Star Ferry continues to provide a scenic yet inexpensive mode of harbour crossing. The company's main route runs between Central and Tsim Sha Tsui.
School of the Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts
The School of the Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts University (Museum School, SMFA at Tufts, or SMFA; formerly the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston) is a dedicated art school within Tufts University, a private research university in Massachusetts. SMFA is part of Tufts University's largest school, the School of Arts and Sciences, and offers both undergraduate and graduate degrees that combine studio arts training with interdisciplinary liberal arts and science education.

It is affiliated with the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. SMFA is a member of the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design (AICAD), a consortium of several dozen leading art schools in the United States, and is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education (NECHE).

Science education
Science education is the teaching and learning of science to school children, college students, or adults within the general public. The field of science education includes work in science content, science process (the scientific method), some social science, and some teaching pedagogy. The standards for science education provide expectations for the development of understanding for students through the entire course of their K-12 education and beyond. The traditional subjects included in the standards are physical, life, earth, space, and human sciences.
Abbotts Lagoon
Abbotts Lagoon is a lagoon on the northwestern coast of the Point Reyes National Seashore, southwest of Tomales Point, in California, 
United States. The inland portion of the lagoon receives freshwater runoff, but the lagoon may be brackish from occasional winter tidal exchange along its western edge. The eastern shore of the lagoon is covered with old growth northern coastal scrub including coyote bush, yellow bush lupine, sword fern and California blackberry.

Baccharis pilularis
Baccharis pilularis, called coyote brush (or bush), chaparral broom, and bush baccharis, is an evergreen shrub in the family Asteraceae native to California, Oregon, Washington, and Baja California. There are reports of isolated populations in New Mexico, most likely introduced.
Near space
Near space is the upper region of the Earth's atmosphere between airspace and outer space. It is sometimes referred to as the "edge of space". There is no legal definition for this extent, but typically this is the altitude range from 20 to 100 km (12 to 62 mi).

Ionosphere
The ionosphere (/aɪˈɒnəˌsfɪər/) is the ionized part of the upper atmosphere of Earth, from about 48 km (30 mi) to 965 km (600 mi) above sea level, a region that includes the thermosphere and parts of the mesosphere and exosphere. The ionosphere is ionized by solar radiation. It plays an important role in atmospheric electricity and forms the inner edge of the magnetosphere. It has practical importance because, among other functions, it influences radio propagation to distant places on Earth. Travel through this layer also impacts GPS signals, resulting in effects such as deflection in their path and delay in the arrival of the signal.
Circular surface
In mathematics and, in particular, differential geometry a circular surface is the image of a map ƒ : I × S1 → R3, where I ⊂ R is an open interval and S1 is the unit circle, defined by

where γ, u, v : I → R3 and r : I → R>0, when R>0 := { x ∈ R : x > 0 }. Moreover, it is usually assumed that u · u = v · v = 1 and u · v = 0, where dot denotes the canonical scalar product on R3, i.e. u and v are unit length and mutually perpendicular. The map γ : I → R3 is called the base curve for the circular surface and the two maps u, v : I → R3 are called the direction frame for the circular surface. For a fixed t0 ∈ I the image of ƒ(t0, θ) is called a generating circle of the circular surface.

Circular surfaces are an analogue of ruled surfaces. In the case of circular surfaces the generators are circles; called the generating circles. In the case of ruled surface the generators are straight lines; called rulings.

Circle
A circle is a shape consisting of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the centre. The distance between any point of the circle and the centre is called the radius. The length of a line segment connecting two points on the circle and passing through the centre is called the diameter. A circle bounds a region of the plane called a disc.

The circle has been known since before the beginning of recorded history. Natural circles are common, such as the full moon or a slice of round fruit. The circle is the basis for the wheel, which, with related inventions such as gears, makes much of modern machinery possible. In mathematics, the study of the circle has helped inspire the development of geometry, astronomy and calculus.
Hodgsoniola
Hodgsoniola is a genus of herbs in the family Asphodelaceae, first described as a genus in 1860. There is but one known species, Hodgsoniola junciformis, endemic to Western Australia. The species was first described in 1860 by Ferdinand von Mueller as Hodgsonia junciformis, but in 1861 he reassigned it to the genus, Hodgsoniola (in the index).

It is a tufted perennial herb growing from 20 cm to 50 cm high and flowers from September to December.

It grows in the IBRA regions of Swan Coastal Plain, Warren, and Jarrah Forest on grey-black sand in swamps.

Swan Coastal Plain
The Swan Coastal Plain in Western Australia is the geographic feature which contains the Swan River as it travels west to the Indian Ocean. The coastal plain continues well beyond the boundaries of the Swan River and its tributaries, as a geological and biological zone, one of Western Australia's Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia regions. It is also one of the distinct physiographic provinces of the larger West Australian Shield division.
Crime in Lesotho
Crime in Lesotho features high rates of offenses, . Most incidents are opportunistic, although organized crime and corruption are present. Urban areas, particularly Maseru, experience the highest crime rates, five times greater than other districts. Leribe and Mafeteng also report elevated crime levels. The Lesotho Mounted Police Service serves as the national police force, addressing crime across the country.

Mafeteng District
Mafeteng is a district of Lesotho. It has an area of 2,119 km2 and a population in 2016 of 178,222. Mafeteng is the capital of camptown, and only town in the district. In the west, Mafeteng borders on the Free State Province of South Africa.  Domestically, it borders on the following districts Maseru District in the northeast and Mohale's Hoek District in the southeast.

As of 2006, the district had a population of 192,621 which was 10.26 per cent of the total population of the country. The total area of the district was 2,119 which was 6.98 per cent of the total area of the country. The density of population in the district was 91.00 per km2. As of 2008, there were 49 per cent economically active people in the district. There were totally 127,664 employed people out of a total of 262,454 people in the district above 15 years of age.
Old Union Methodist Church
Old Union Methodist Church is a historic Methodist church located 0.2 miles (0.32 km) north of Blackbird Crossroads on U.S. 13 in Townsend, New Castle County, Delaware.  It was built in 1847, and is a two-story, brick meeting house measuring 40 feet by 60 feet.  It is surrounded by a cemetery.

The congregation was organized in 1789.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

Meeting house
A meeting house (also spelled meetinghouse or meeting-house) is a building for religious and sometimes private meetings. It is primarily associated with Christian worship of certain movements after the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century, or later movements that developed from a Christian basis.
Marina Tsintikidou
Marina Tsintikidou (Greek: Μαρίνα Τσιντικίδου; born November 28, 1971) is a Greek fashion model, tv host and beauty pageant titleholder. She has appeared on the covers of numerous Greek fashion magazines such as MAX. She won the title of "Star Hellas" (Σταρ Ελλάς) in the Miss Star Hellas pageant in 1992. She was the third Greek contestant to win the title of Miss Europe (1992). She also represented Greece at  Miss Universe 1992.

Aside from a modeling career, Tsindikidou also tried her skills in acting, appearing in various TV shows and movies as well as in the Greek version of the theatrical play "Look Who's Here" by British playwright Ray Cooney. She has also been a TV host and presenter on numerous programs featured on Mega Channel, ANT1 and Macedonia TV.

Miss Universe 1992
Miss Universe 1992 was the 41st Miss Universe pageant, held at the Queen Sirikit National Convention Center in Bangkok, Thailand, on 9 May 1992.

Michelle McLean of Namibia was crowned by Lupita Jones of Mexico at the conclusion of the event. Seventy-eight contestants competed in the pageant. This is the first and thus far, the only Namibian to have won the pageant.
Teresa O'Neill, Baroness O'Neill of Bexley
Teresa Ann Jude O'Neill, Baroness O'Neill of Bexley, OBE (born 18 July 1961) is a British Conservative Party politician, life peer, and co-president of London Councils. She was the Leader of the London Borough of Bexley from 2008 to 2025 having served as a councillor for Crook Log since 1998.

In 2015, O'Neill was awarded an OBE for services to the community and local government. In the 2022 Special Honours, it was announced that she would receive a life peerage. On 7 November 2022, she was created Baroness O'Neill of Bexley, of Crook Log in the London Borough of Bexley.

Born to David O'Neill and Bridget (Breeda) O'Neill in Camberwell, south London, Teresa had a career in finance and became a Councillor in Bexley in 1998. She became leader of the Council in 2008 but stood down in November 2025 to focus on her work in the House of Lords. She will not stand for re-election in the May 2026 Bexley Council election.

London Borough of Bexley
The London Borough of Bexley (/ˈbɛksli/ ⓘ) is a London borough in south-east London, forming part of Outer London. It has a population of 248,287. The main settlements are Sidcup, Erith, Bexleyheath, Belvedere, Crayford, Welling and Old Bexley. The London Borough of Bexley is within the Thames Gateway, an area designated as a national priority for urban regeneration. The local authority is Bexley London Borough Council.
Farokh Engineer
Farokh Maneksha Engineer (pronunciationⓘ) (born 25 February 1938) is an Indian former cricketer. He was a wicket-keeper-batsman, usually an opening batsman, who represented India in 46 Test matches from 1961 to 1975. In first-class cricket, he played for Bombay from 1959/60 to 1974/75, for West Zone from 1961/62 to 1974/75, and for Lancashire County Cricket Club from 1968 to 1976. He was the first-choice wicket-keeper for the Rest of the World team which toured England in 1970 and Australia in 1971–72. Engineer is the first Man of the Match for India in the Men's Cricket World Cup because of his performance (54* & a catch) against East Africa in the 1975 Cricket World Cup.

Engineer is the last male member of the Parsi community to have played for India, although Arzan Nagwaswalla was selected for the international squad in 2021.

East Africa cricket team
The East Africa cricket team was a multi-national cricket team representing the countries of Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and Zambia. Their first game was against Rhodesia in 1951. East Africa appeared in the 1975 World Cup and the 1979, 1982 and 1986 ICC Trophies. In the last two of these Kenya was represented in its own right, so that East Africa was effectively a Ugandan, Tanzanian and Zambian team.

East Africa was an associate member of the ICC from 1966 to 1989, after which its place was taken by East and Central Africa.
Aoi Oshitayashiki
The Aoi Oshitayashiki (葵 御下屋敷) is a former residence of the Owari branch of the Tokugawa clan, located in Aoi 1-chome in Higashi ward in Nagoya, central Japan.

It was constructed under the second Lord of the Owari Domain Tokugawa Mitsutomo (1625–1700) and subsequently enlarged and changed by following generations. The area consisted of the residential palace in the middle, with a large garden with ponds to the south. A special garden for ginseng was later located in the northwestern part.

A climbing kiln was built for the 12th lord Tokugawa Naritaka (1810–1845), who had a keen interest in pottery. Here Kinjō Higashiyama ware was produced, a type of oniwa-yaki (御庭焼 literally "garden ware").

Tokugawa clan
The Tokugawa clan (徳川氏, Tokugawa-shi, Tokugawa-uji; Japanese pronunciation: [to.kɯꜜ.ɡa.wa, -ŋa.wa, -kɯ.ɡa.waꜜ.ɕi, -ŋa.waꜜ-]) is a Japanese samurai clan and dynasty which produced the Tokugawa shoguns who ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868 during the Edo period. It was formerly a powerful daimyō family. They nominally descended from Emperor Seiwa (850–880) and were a branch of the Minamoto clan (Seiwa Genji) through the Matsudaira clan. The early history of the clan remains a mystery. Nominally, the Matsudaira clan is said to be descended from the Nitta clan, a branch of the Minamoto clan, but this is considered to be untrue or unlikely.
Alparslan Çelik
Alparslan Çelik (born 1982) is a Turkish Islamist Nationalist. In 2014 he joined the Syrian Turkmen Brigades of the Free Syrian Army and fought against the Syrian Arab Army (SAA). On 24 November 2015, after Turkey shot down a Russian bomber jet, he allegedly killed the Russian pilot Oleg Peshkov. Çelik was detained in İzmir, Turkey on 31 March 2016. All charges against him were dropped on 9 May 2016.

His father Ramazan Çelik was the Mayor of Keban for the Nationalist Movement Party

Keban
Keban is a town of Elazığ Province of Turkey. It is the seat of Keban District. Its population is  5,906 (2022). In the local elections 2024 the Nationalist Movement Party candidate Yücel Doğan was elected as Mayor.

Keban is in the west of Elazığ Province and 46 km away from the province center. In the west of Keban, there is Arapgir District of Malatya Province, in the north there is Çemişgezek District of Tunceli Province, at northwest, Ağın District, in the south, Baskil district, it has the second largest dam of Turkey, Keban Dam.
Open de Biarritz
The ENGIE OPEN Biarritz (previously known as the Open GDF Suez de Biarritz) is a tournament for professional female tennis players played on outdoor clay courts. The event is classified as a $60,000 ITF Women's Circuit tournament and has been held in Biarritz, France, since 2003 (then a $25,000 category tournament). The 2024 Engie Open de Biarritz was upgraded to a $100,000 tournament.

Biarritz
Biarritz (UK: /bɪəˈrɪts, ˈbɪərɪts/ beer-ITS, BEER-its, US: /ˌbiːəˈrɪts, ˈbiːərɪts/ BEE-ə-RITS, -⁠rits, French: [bjaʁits] ⓘ, Basque: [bi.arits̻]; also spelled Miarritze [mi.arits̻e]; Occitan: Biàrritz [ˈbjarits]) is a city on the Bay of Biscay, on the Atlantic coast in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the French Basque Country in southwestern France. It is located 35 kilometres (22 mi) from the border with Spain. It is a luxurious seaside tourist destination known for the Hôtel du Palais (originally built for the Empress Eugénie c. 1855), its seafront casinos, and its surfing culture.
Potter's Pass
33°02′26.1″S 27°52′10.2″E﻿ / ﻿33.040583°S 27.869500°E﻿ / -33.040583; 27.869500

Potter's Pass, is situated in the Eastern Cape, province of South Africa, near East London. It is on the  East London Grand Prix Circuit and is known for having one of the fastest and most challenging curves in South African motorsport.

East London, South Africa
East London (Xhosa: eMonti; Afrikaans: Oos-Londen), officially KuGompo City since February 2026, is a city on the southeastern coast of South Africa, in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, Eastern Cape Province. The city lies on the Indian Ocean coast, largely between the Buffalo River and the Nahoon River, and hosts the country's only river port. As of 2011, East London had a population of over 267,000 with over 755,000 in the surrounding metropolitan area.
Kaiwaka
Kaiwaka, known as "the little town of lights", is a settlement in Northland, New Zealand. The Kaiwaka River runs from the east through the area and joins with the Wairau River to form the Otamatea River, which drains into the Kaipara Harbour. State Highway 1 passes through Kaiwaka. Kaiwaka is located 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Wellsford.

Kaiwaka was established in the 1850s during the kauri timber and gum trade. During the late 19th and early 20th century both the road and railway line north passed through the town.

Islam in New Zealand
Islam is the third-largest religion in New Zealand (1.5%) after Christianity (32.3%) and Hinduism (2.9%). Small numbers of Muslim immigrants from South Asia and eastern Europe settled in New Zealand from the early 1900s until the 1960s. Large-scale Muslim immigration began in the 1970s with the arrival of Indian Fijians, followed in the 1990s by refugees from various war-torn countries.

According to the 2023 New Zealand census, there are 75,144 Muslim New Zealanders, representing 1.5% of the total population.

The first Islamic centre in New Zealand opened in 1959 and there are now several mosques and two Islamic schools. The majority of Muslims in New Zealand are Sunni, with significant Shia and Ahmadiyya minorities. The Ahmadiyya Community has translated the Qur'an into the Māori language.
Yi Ye
Yi Ye (Korean: 이예; Hanja: 李藝; 1373–1445) was a  nobleman and Korean civil minister and diplomat during the early Joseon Dynasty. He served as an ambassador to the Japanese Ashikaga shogunate and founded the Hakseong Yi clan (학성; 鶴城). He is notable for having negotiated the release of 667 Korean captives from wokou pirates in over 15 diplomatic missions, and for facilitating bi-national cooperation with Japan.

Joseon Tongsinsa
The Joseon Tongsinsa (Korean: 조선통신사) were goodwill missions sent intermittently, at the request of the resident Japanese authority, by Joseon dynasty Korea to Japan. The Korean noun identifies a specific type of diplomatic delegation and its chief envoys.  From the Joseon diplomatic perspective, the formal description of a mission as a tongsinsa signified that relations were largely "normalized," as opposed to missions that were not called tongsinsa.

Diplomatic envoys were sent to the Muromachi shogunate and to Toyotomi Hideyoshi between 1392 and 1590.  Similar missions were dispatched to the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan between 1607 and 1811. After the 1811 mission, another mission was prepared, but it was delayed four times and ultimately cancelled due to domestic turmoil in Japan that resulted in the establishment of the Meiji Restoration in Japan, after which Japanese relations with Korea took a markedly different tone.
Marylands Nature Reserve
Marylands is a 3.7 hectare Local Nature Reserve in Hockley in Essex. It is owned by Rochford District Council and managed by Hockley Parish Council.

The site has a varied fauna and flora, with 96 species of trees, shrubs, grasses and herbs, and 13 of butterflies. Nine of the tree species are associated with ancient woodland. There are woodland and farmland birds, and a stream with sticklebacks.

The site is near Plumberow Road and there is full public access.

Local nature reserve
Local nature reserve (LNR) is a statutory designation for certain nature reserves in Great Britain. The Wild Life Conservation Special Committee established them and proposed a national suite of protected areas comprising national nature reserves, conservation areas (which incorporated suggestions for Sites of Special Scientific Interest), national parks, geological monuments, local nature reserves and local educational nature reserves.

There are now over 1,280 LNRs in England, covering almost 40,000 hectares, which range from windswept coastal headlands and ancient woodlands to former inner city railways and long abandoned landfill sites.
2014 Tour de Bretagne Féminin
The 2014 Tour de Bretagne Féminin was the 9th edition of the Tour de Bretagne Féminin, a women's cycling stage race in France. It was rated by the UCI as a category 2.2 race and was held between 16 and 20 July 2014.

UCI race classifications
The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), the world's governing body in the sport of bicycle racing, classifies races according to a rating scale.

The rating is represented by a code made of two or three parts and indicates both the type or style of race (the first part), and its importance or difficulty (the second and third parts, lower being harder). The first part can be an integer or an abbreviation, and the second part, when present, are usually integers. Both parts are separated by a period or decimal point (.).

A higher rated race will result in the successful riders receiving more world ranking points.