hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Institute for Computational Cosmology
The Institute for Computational Cosmology (ICC) is a research institute at Durham University in England. It was founded in November 2002 as part of the Ogden Centre for Fundamental Physics. The ICC's primary mission is to advance fundamental knowledge in cosmology, and its topics of active research include the nature of dark matter and dark energy, the evolution of cosmic structure, the formation of galaxies, and the determination of fundamental parameters.

The current director of the ICC is Shaun Cole. ICC researchers have played a central role in the development of the standard model of cosmology, the Lambda-CDM model (ΛCDM), and the ICC has one of the most powerful supercomputers for academic research in the world, the Cosmology Machine (COSMA).

Dimensionless physical constant
In physics, a dimensionless physical constant is a physical constant that is dimensionless, i.e. a pure number having no units attached and having a numerical value that is independent of whatever system of units may be used.

The concept should not be confused with dimensionless numbers, that are not universally constant, and remain constant only for a particular phenomenon. In aerodynamics for example, if one considers one particular airfoil, the Reynolds number value of the laminar–turbulent transition is one relevant dimensionless number of the problem. However, it is strictly related to the particular problem: for example, it is related to the airfoil being considered and also to the type of fluid in which it moves.

The term fundamental physical constant is sometimes used to refer to some universal dimensionless constants. Perhaps the best-known example is the fine-structure constant, α, which has an approximate value of ⁠1/137.036⁠.
Treaty of Andernach (1292)
The Treaty of Andernach sealed the support of Siegfried II of Westerburg, archbishop of Cologne, for Adolf, King of the Romans, Count of Nassau, in the upcoming imperial election. It was agreed on 27 April 1292.

Under the terms of the treaty, Adolf agreed to the transfer of imperial castles and estates, the cities of Dortmund and Duisburg, and the Reichsvogtship of Essen to the Archdiocese of Cologne after his election.

Archbishop of Cologne
The Archbishop of Cologne governs the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cologne in western North Rhine-Westphalia. Historically, the archbishop was ex officio one of the prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire and ruled the Electorate of Cologne.

Since the early days of the Catholic Church, there have been 94 bishops and archbishops of Cologne. roue of them resigned n response to impeachment. Eight were coadjutor bishops before they took office. Seven were appointed as coadjutors freely by the pope. One moved to the Curia, where he became a cardinal. Additionally, six were chairmen of the German Bishops' Conference.

Cardinal Rainer Woelki has been Archbishop of Cologne since his 2014 transfer from Berlin, where he was also cardinal-archbishop.
Bear River (Feather River tributary)
The Bear River is a tributary of the Feather River in the Sierra Nevada, winding through four California counties:  Yuba, Sutter, Placer, and Nevada. About 73 miles (117 km) long, the river flows generally southwest through the Sierra then west through the Central Valley, draining a narrow, rugged watershed of 295 square miles (760 km2).

The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment has issued a safe advisory for any fish caught in Bear River due to elevated levels of mercury.

Lake Spaulding Dam
Lake Spaulding Dam (National ID # CA00358) is a dam in Nevada County, California.

Owned and operated by Pacific Gas & Electric for hydroelectric power generation, the 275-foot (84 m)-high dam was designed by John R. Freeman and completed in 1913 (1913).

It impounds the South Fork of the Yuba River, which originates near Donner Pass.  At the time of construction it was the highest dam in California, and one of ten PG&E hydroelectric facilities.  A temporary camp called Camp Spaulding, California was established to house workers on the dam during its construction.

Lake Spaulding, the reservoir created by the dam, has a capacity of 74,773 acre-feet (92,231,000 m3) and supports recreational camping, boating, fishing, and underwater diving.
Rampage (Marvel Comics)
Stuart Clarke is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is depicted as an ex-supervillain who first fought as Rampage against the short-lived Champions team. He is an ally of the Punisher, replacing Microchip.

Eric André portrays the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe Disney+ series Ironheart (2025).

Supervillain
A supervillain, supervillainess or supercriminal is a variant of the villainous stock character. The character is a common archetype in comic books and other popular culture, often acting as the primary adversary of superheros.

Supervillains are often noted for their ability to foil heroes through the use of superpowers, their mental or physical capabilities, or their criminal influence, often creating grandiose schemes for nefarious purposes, such as world domination.
Cosy Dens
Cosy Dens (Czech: Pelíšky) is a 1999 Czech film directed by Jan Hřebejk. It is loosely based on the novel Hovno Hoří ("shit on fire") by Petr Šabach. Readers of Reflex magazine voted it as the best Czech film in 2011. Cosy Dens was screened at the 1999 Vancouver International Film Festival.

Stella Zázvorková
Stella Zázvorková (14 April 1922 – 18 May 2005) was a Czech actress from Prague.

Zázvorková, an alumnus of Prague's theatre school of E.F. Burian, appeared in more than a hundred films and series. She was married to the actor Miloš Kopecký. She became known abroad through series including Arabela, The Territory of White Deer, and Hospital at the End of the City, and also through her role in the Oscar-winning movie Kolya by Jan Svěrák.
2021 PNVF Champions League for Men
The men's division of the 2021 PNVF Champions League was held from November 29 to December 4, 2021. This is the inaugural edition of the PNVF Champions League. The winner of this tournament will be the country's representative to the Asian Men's Club Volleyball Championships in May next year.

Philippine Standard Time
Philippine Standard Time (PST or PhST; Filipino: Pamantayang Oras ng Pilipinas), also known as Philippine Time (PHT), is the official name for the time zone used in the Philippines. The country only uses a single time zone, at an offset of UTC+08:00, but used daylight saving time for brief periods in November 1, 1936 until September 20, 1978.
Ribbeck
Ribbeck is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Erich Ribbeck (born 1937), German football player and manager

Otto Ribbeck (1827–1898), German classical scholar

Katharina Ribbeck, German-American biologist

Otto Ribbeck
Johann Carl Otto Ribbeck (23 July 1827, in Erfurt – 18 July 1898, in Leipzig) was a German classical scholar. His works are mostly confined to criticisms of Latin poetry and to classical character sketches.
1995 Nichirei International Championships – Doubles
Julie Halard and Arantxa Sánchez Vicario were the defending champions, but none competed this year. Sánchez Vicario opted to focus on the singles tournament, finishing as runner-up.

Lindsay Davenport and Mary Joe Fernández won the title by defeating Amanda Coetzer and Linda Wild 6–3, 6–2 in the final.

Mary Joe Fernández
Mary Joe Fernández Godsick (born María José Fernández; August 19, 1971) is an American former professional tennis player, who reached a career-high ranking of world No. 4 in both singles and doubles. In singles, Fernández was the runner-up at the 1990 and 1992 Australian Open, and the 1993 French Open. She also won a bronze medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics. In doubles, she won the 1991 Australian Open with Patty Fendick and the 1996 French Open with Lindsay Davenport, plus two Olympic gold medals.
1979 Ohio Valley Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1979 Ohio Valley Conference men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament of the Ohio Valley Conference during the 1979–80 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. It was held March 2–3, 1979. The semifinals and finals took place at E. A. Diddle Arena in Bowling Green, Kentucky. Top seed Eastern Kentucky won the tournament, defeating Western Kentucky Hilltoppers in the championship game, and received the Ohio Valley's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. The Colonels drew a 9 seed in the Mideast region, facing the 8 seed Tennessee.

E. A. Diddle Arena
E. A. Diddle Arena is a 7,326-seat multi-purpose arena in Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States. The arena, built in 1963, is home to the Western Kentucky University Hilltoppers men's basketball team and Lady Toppers basketball and volleyball teams.  It is also known as Academic-Athletic Building #1.  It also holds Military Science and Physical Education & Recreation classes and offices.
Vermin (character)
Vermin (Edward Whelan) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is usually depicted as an adversary of Captain America and Spider-Man. A geneticist working for Baron Zemo and Arnim Zola, Edward Whelan was subjected to an experiment that mutated him into a humanoid rat, gaining superhuman abilities, as well as the predatory instincts of a rat. The character's most notable appearance was in the storyline "Kraven's Last Hunt".

S.H.I.E.L.D.
S.H.I.E.L.D. is a fictional espionage, special law enforcement, and counter-terrorism government agency appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, this agency first appeared in Strange Tales #135 (August 1965), and often deals with paranormal activity and superhuman threats to international security.

The acronym originally stood for Supreme Headquarters, International Espionage and Law-Enforcement Division. It was changed in 1991 to Strategic Hazard Intervention Espionage Logistics Directorate. Within media set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, as well as multiple animated and live-action television series, the backronym stands for Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division.

The organization has heavily appeared in media adaptations as well as films and shows that take place in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.
Kenneth D Harris
Kenneth D. Harris is a neuroscientist at University College London. He is most known for his contributions to the understanding of the neural code used by vast populations of neurons. Among his discoveries is the finding that populations in sensory areas of the brain also code for body movements. Harris has contributed to the development of silicon probes and most recently of Neuropixels probes. With these probes, he and his team discovered that engagement in a task activates neurons throughout the brain.

Harris obtained his PhD from UCL in the laboratory of Michael Recce, and did his postdoctoral studies at Rutgers University in the laboratory of Gyorgy Buzsaki. He is a Professor of Quantitative Neuroscience at the UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, where he co-directs the Cortical Processing Laboratory with Matteo Carandini. Harris is a founding member of the International Brain Laboratory.

UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology
The UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology is an institute within the Faculty of Brain Sciences of University College London (UCL) and is located in London, United Kingdom. Together with the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, an adjacent facility with which it cooperates closely, the institute forms a major centre for teaching, training and research in neurology and allied clinical and basic neurosciences.

The institute has a staff of around 750 and 500 graduate students, an annual turnover of £102 million and occupies around 12,000 sq m of laboratory and office space. Four of the 12 most highly cited authors in neuroscience and behaviour in the world are currently based at the institute. The institute conducts research into a wide range of neurological diseases, including movement disorders, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, brain cancer, stroke and brain injury, muscle and nerve disorders, cognitive dysfunction and dementia. It forms a key part of UCL Neuroscience.
Mae Tha railway station
Mae Tha is a railway station located in Mae Tha Subdistrict, Mae Tha District, Lampang. It is located 628.445 km from Bangkok railway station and is a class 2 railway station. The station building is on the passing loop.

Hua Lamphong railway station
Bangkok (Hua Lamphong) railway station (Thai: สถานีกรุงเทพ (หัวลำโพง), RTGS: Sathani Krung Thep (Hua Lamphong)) is a railway station in Pathum Wan, the former central passenger terminal in Bangkok and the former railway hub of Thailand. It is in the center of the city in the Pathum Wan district, and is operated by the State Railway of Thailand (SRT). Long distance trains moved to the new central station at Krung Thep Aphiwat Central Terminal in 2023.
Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis of infancy
Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis of infancy, also known as eosinophilic pustular folliculitis in infancy, infantile eosinophilic pustular folliculitis, and neonatal eosinophilic pustular folliculitis, is a cutaneous condition characterized by recurrent pruritic crops of follicular vesiculopustular lesions.

Follicle (anatomy)
A follicle is a small, spherical or vase-like group of cells enclosing a cavity in which some other structure grows or other material is contained. Thyroid follicles make up the thyroid gland. Follicles are best known as the sockets from which hairs grow in humans and other mammals, but the bristles of annelid worms also grow from such sockets.
Ri Se-gwang
Ri Se-gwang (Korean: 리세광; born January 21, 1985) is a retired North Korean artistic gymnast, representing the April 25 Sports Club. He is often considered a specialist on vault apparatus in the sport of men’s artistic gymnastics (MAG).

April 25 Sports Club
April 25 Sports Club (Korean: 4.25체육단, Sa io ch'eyuktan), shortly 4.25 SC, also known as April 25 National Defence Sports Club (4.25'국방체육단', Sa io "Kukpang ch'eyuktan"), is a multi-sports club based in Pyongyang, North Korea, primarily known for its men's and women's football teams. The club belongs to the Ministry of People's Armed Forces; all members of the professional teams (male and female) are considered officers of the Army.
McCone
McCone is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

John A. McCone (1902–1991), American businessman, politician and CIA director from 1961 to 1965

Ryan McCone (born 1987), New Zealand cricketer

Fictional characters:

Alexander Hamilton McCone, fictional character of Kurt Vonnegut's Jailbird

Daniel McCone, fictional millionaire of Kurt Vonnegut's Jailbird, father of Alexander Hamilton McCone

Evan McCone, fictional character of Richard Bachman's The Running Man

Gina McCone, fictional character of Stephen King's The Stand

Sharon McCone, fictional detective created by Marcia Muller

Jailbird (novel)
Jailbird is a novel by American author Kurt Vonnegut, published in 1979 by Delacorte Press. The novel is often described as Vonnegut's "Watergate novel," as it explores themes related to the Watergate scandal, the American labor movement, and the political landscape of the United States during the mid-20th century.
Mount Hope Formation
The Mount Hope Formation is a geologic formation of the Caribbean mouth of the Panama Canal Zone in Panama. The limestones, mudstones and siltstones preserve bivalve, gastropod (Monoplex comptus) and crustacean fossils dating to the Early Pleistocene. The formation is named after Mount Hope Cemetery, the burial ground for black West Indian immigrants who died working on the intercontinental Panama Railroad at the Panama Canal for the American Panamanian Railroad Corporation between 1850 and 1855.

Siltstone
Siltstone, also known as aleurolite, is a clastic sedimentary rock that is composed mostly of silt. It is a form of mudrock with a low clay mineral content, which can be distinguished from shale by its lack of fissility.

Although its permeability and porosity is relatively low, siltstone is sometimes a tight gas reservoir rock, an unconventional reservoir for natural gas that requires hydraulic fracturing for production to be economical.

Siltstone was prized in ancient Egypt for manufacturing statuary and cosmetic palettes. The siltstone quarried at Wadi Hammamat was a hard, fine-grained siltstone that resisted flaking and was almost ideal for such uses.
PK-22 Bajaur-IV
PK-22 Bajaur-IV (پی کے-22 باجوڑ-4) is a constituency for the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.It was created after 2023 Delimitations when Bajaur District gained 1 seat.

Bajaur District
Bajaur District (Pashto: باجوړ ولسوالۍ, Urdu: ضلع باجوڑ), formerly Bajaur Agency, is a district in the Malakand Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. Prior to 2018, Bajaur Agency was the northernmost component of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), a semi-autonomous region along the Afghanistan–Pakistan border. In May 2018, FATA was merged into the larger Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (KPK) in an attempt to bring stability to the region, redesignating Bajaur Agency to Bajaur District.

The district lies on Pakistan's western border, sharing a 52 km border with Afghanistan's Kunar Province, and lies 35 mi (56 km) north of the Torkham border crossing linking Jalalabad and Peshawar. 498 square kilometer miles in size, Bajaur occupies a small mountain basin and is into seven tehsil (subdistricts) with its district headquarters in the town of Khar, in the district's center. According to the 2017 Pakistani census, Bajaur District has a population of 1,090,987.
Americo Santiago
Americo L. Santiago (born July 4, 1951) is an American politician.

Santiago lived in Bridgeport, Connecticut. He served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from 1989 to 1995 and was a Democrat. His son Ezequiel Santiago also served in the Connecticut General Assembly.

Connecticut House of Representatives
The Connecticut House of Representatives is the lower house in the Connecticut General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The house is composed of 151 members representing an equal number of districts, with each constituency containing nearly 22,600 residents. Representatives are elected to two-year terms with no term limits.
The House convenes within the Connecticut State Capitol in Hartford.
15258 Alfilipenko
15258 Alfilipenko (provisional designation 1990 RN17) is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 12 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 15 September 1990, by Russian–Ukraininan astronomer Lyudmila Zhuravleva at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, Nauchnyj, on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid was named after Russian civil engineer Aleksandr Filipenko.

Crimean Astrophysical Observatory
The Crimean Astrophysical Observatory (CrAO, observatory code: 095) is located at Nauchnij research campus, near the Central Crimean city of Bakhchysarai, on the Crimean peninsula. CrAO is often called simply by its location and campus name, Crimea–Nauchnij, still ranks among the worldwide most prolific discovery sites for minor planets.

CrAO has also been publishing the Bulletin of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory since 1947, in English since 1977. The observatory facilities (IAU code 095) are located on territory of settlement of Nauchnyi since the mid-1950s; before that, they were further south, near Simeiz. The latter facilities still see some use, and are referred to as the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory–Simeiz (IAU code 094).
Petit (crater)
Petit is a small, bowl-shaped lunar impact crater that is located on the northwestern edge of the Mare Spumans. The crater has a prominent ray system. The name is appropriate, since petite means small in French. But it was actually named in honor of Alexis Thérèse Petit, a French physicist.

The crater lies to the south of the crater Townley, and east of Condon. Farther to the northwest is Apollonius. Petit was previously designated Apollonius W before being given a name by the IAU in 1976.

Oblique view from Apollo 10 (in color)

Interior of Petit, showing flat crater floor of impact melt with no visible craters, from Apollo 17

Oblique view from Apollo 16

Oblique view from Apollo 17

Alexis Thérèse Petit
Alexis Thérèse Petit (French: [pəti]; 2 October 1791 – 21 June 1820) was a French physicist.

Petit is known for his work on the efficiencies of air- and steam-engines, published in 1818 (Mémoire sur l’emploi du principe des forces vives dans le calcul des machines). His well-known discussions with the French physicist Sadi Carnot, founder of thermodynamics, may have stimulated Carnot in his reflexions on heat engines and thermodynamic efficiency. The Dulong–Petit law (1819) is named after him and his collaborator Pierre Louis Dulong.
Kristine Andersen Vesterfjell
Kristine Andersen Vesterfjell (sometimes written Westerfjell; 1910–1987) was a Norwegian, Southern Sami reindeer herder and an important advocate for Sámi shamanism and culture. She was from Lomsdalen, in Brønnøy Municipality in Nordland.

Sámi shamanism
Traditional Sámi spiritual practices and beliefs are based on a type of animism, polytheism, and what anthropologists may consider shamanism. The religious traditions can vary considerably from region to region within Sápmi.

Traditional Sámi religion is generally considered to be Animism. The Sámi belief that all significant natural objects (such as animals, plants, rocks, etc.) possess a soul, and from a polytheistic perspective, traditional Sámi beliefs include a multitude of spirits. Sámi traditional beliefs and practices commonly emphasizes veneration of the dead and of animal spirits. The relationship with the local animals that sustain the people, such as the reindeer, are very important to the kin-group.
Christopher Sains
Christopher Frederick Sains (born 3 August 1978) is an English cricketer.  Sains is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium.  He was born in Romford, London.

Sains represented the Essex Cricket Board in a single List A match against the Lancashire Cricket Board in the 2000 NatWest Trophy. In his only List A match, he scored an unbeaten 2 runs.

He currently plays club cricket for Hornchurch Cricket Club.

Essex Cricket Board
The Essex Cricket Board is the governing body for all recreational cricket in the historic county of Essex.

From 1999 to 2003 the Board fielded a team in the English domestic one-day tournament, matches which had List-A status.
Norshen, Nagorno-Karabakh
Norshen (Armenian: Նորշեն) or Yenikend (Azerbaijani: Yenikənd) is a village located in the Khojavend District of Azerbaijan, in the region of Nagorno-Karabakh. Until 2023 it was controlled by the breakaway Republic of Artsakh. The village had an ethnic Armenian-majority population until the expulsion of the Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh by Azerbaijan following the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh.

Khojavend District
Khojavend District (Azerbaijani: Xocavənd rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the west of the country in the Karabakh Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Lachin, Shusha, Khojaly, Aghdam, Aghjabadi, Fuzuli, Jabrayil, and Qubadli. Its capital and largest city is Khojavend. As of 2020, the district had a nominal population of 44,100.