hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Primon gas
In mathematical physics, the primon gas or Riemann gas discovered by Bernard Julia  is a model illustrating correspondences between number theory and methods in quantum field theory, statistical mechanics and dynamical systems such as the Lee-Yang theorem. It is a quantum field theory of a set of non-interacting particles, the primons; it is called a gas or a free model because the particles are non-interacting. The idea of the primon gas was independently discovered by Donald Spector. Later works by Ioannis Bakas and Mark Bowick, and Spector explored the connection of such systems to string theory.

Model
A model is an informative representation of an object, person, or system. The term originally denoted the plans of a building in late 16th-century English, and derived via French and Italian ultimately from Latin modulus, 'a measure'.

Models can be divided into physical models (e.g. a ship model) and abstract models (e.g. a set of mathematical equations describing the workings of the atmosphere for the purpose of weather forecasting). Abstract or conceptual models are central to philosophy of science.

In scholarly research and applied science, a model should not be confused with a theory: while a model seeks only to represent reality with the purpose of better understanding or predicting the world, a theory is more ambitious in that it claims to be an explanation of reality.
Don Weser
Donald Gordon Weser (born 8 February 1937) is a retired Australian Test cricket match umpire, from Western Australia.

He umpired 3 Test matches between 1979 and 1980. His first match was between Australia and England at Sydney from 10 to 14 February 1979, won by England by 9 wickets, thus retaining The Ashes. Australian captain Graham Yallop scored 121 of the first innings total of 198, but the rest of the batting in both innings failed against Ian Botham, John Emburey and Geoff Miller. Weser's partner was fellow debutant Tony Crafter.

Weser's last Test match was between Australia and New Zealand at Perth on 12 to 14 December 1980, won by Australia by 8 wickets, with a bowling attack of Dennis Lillee, Rodney Hogg, Len Pascoe, and Jim Higgs proving too powerful. Weser's colleague was again Tony Crafter.

Weser also umpired 8 One Day International (ODI) matches between 1979 and 1981.

Graham Yallop
Graham Neil Yallop (born 7 October 1952) is a former Australian international cricketer. Yallop played Test and One Day International cricket for the Australia national cricket team between 1976 and 1984, captaining the team briefly during the World Series Cricket era in the late 1970s. A technically correct left-handed batsman, Yallop played domestically for Victoria, invariably batting near the top of the order and led Victoria to two Sheffield Shield titles. He was the first player to wear a full helmet in a Test match.
Josef Zeman (footballer)
Josef Zeman (23 January 1915 – 3 May 1999) was a Czech footballer.

He played for several clubs, including SK České Budějovice and Sparta Prague and the Czechoslovakia national football team (4 matches/2 goals), for whom he appeared in the 1938 FIFA World Cup, scoring one goal.

1938 FIFA World Cup
The 1938 FIFA World Cup was the 3rd edition of the World Cup, the quadrennial international football championship for senior men's national teams. It was held in France from 4 to 19 June 1938. Italy defended its title in the final, beating Hungary 4–2. Italy's 1934 and 1938 teams hold the distinction of being the only men's national team to win the World Cup multiple times under the same coach, Vittorio Pozzo. It would be the last World Cup until 1950 as the 1942 and 1946 World Cups were cancelled due to World War II.
Kennst du die Stars
"Kennst du die Stars" (German: "Do you know the Stars") is the third single by German rapper Bushido featuring comedian Oliver Pocher, from his album, Heavy Metal Payback. The song based on a hip-hop beat and a horns loop.

Bushido (rapper)
Anis Mohamed Youssef Ferchichi (born 28 September 1978), better known by his alias Bushido, is a German rapper, hip-hop producer, and entrepreneur. He is also the co-founder of the record label ersguterjunge.

Raised in Berlin, Ferchichi came in contact with hip-hop through graffiti and his friend and fellow rapper Fler. In 2001, Ferchichi released his demo King of KingZ, which later led him to sign a record label deal with Aggro Berlin. Ferchichi's first official release was Carlo Cokxxx Nutten in 2002, a collaboration with Fler.
Case 137
Case 137 (French: Dossier 137) is a 2025 French crime drama film directed by Dominik Moll, co-written by Moll and Gilles Marchand. It stars Léa Drucker, Jonathan Turnbull, Mathilde Roehrich, Guslagie Malanda and Stanislas Merhar.

The film had its world premiere in the main competition of the 2025 Cannes Film Festival on 15 May, where it was nominated for the Palme d'Or. At the 51st César Award, it received eight nominations, winning Best Actress for Drucker.

It was theatrically released in France by Haut et Court on 19 November.

Gilles Marchand
Gilles Marchand (born 18 June 1963) is a French film director and screenwriter. He has directed five films since 1987. His film Qui a tué Bambi? was screened out of competition at the 2003 Cannes Film Festival.
Triple fault
On the x86 computer architecture, a triple fault is a special kind of exception generated by the CPU when an exception occurs while the CPU is trying to invoke the double fault exception handler, which itself handles exceptions occurring while trying to invoke a regular exception handler.

x86 processors beginning with the 80286 will cause a shutdown cycle to occur when a triple fault is encountered. This typically causes the motherboard hardware to initiate a CPU reset, which, in turn, causes the whole computer to reboot.

Computer architecture
In computer science and computer engineering, a computer architecture is the structure of a computer system made from component parts. It can sometimes be a high-level description that ignores details of the implementation. At a more detailed level, the description may include the instruction set architecture design, microarchitecture design, logic design, and implementation.
Friday (surname)
Friday is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Friday (1876-1945), American educator

Elmer Otto Friday (1924-2006), American judge and politician

Fred Friday, Nigerian footballer

Gavin Friday (born 1959), Irish singer, composer and painter

Hershel Friday (1922-1994), American lawyer

Mike Friday (born 1972), English rugby player and coach

Nancy Friday (1933–2017), American author

Pat Friday (1921–2016), American singer

Robin Friday (1952–1990), English footballer

Tim Friday (born 1961), American ice hockey player

William C. Friday (1920-2012), American educator

Mike Friday
Michael John "Mike" Friday (born April 25, 1972) has been the head coach of the United States national rugby sevens team since summer 2014. Friday succeeded the previous coach, Matt Hawkins, following the 2013–14 World Series. On 30 September 2024 USA Rugby announced that Friday would be replaced by Simon Amor. He is the father of Lucas Friday.

Friday had previously served as head coach for the national rugby sevens teams of England from 2004 to 2006, and Kenya from 2012 to 2013.
Peepeekisis Cree Nation
Peepeekisis Cree Nation (Band number 384)(Cree: ᐲᐦᐲᑭᓰᐢ, pîhpîkisîs, literal meaning: Sparrow Hawk) is a Cree First Nation in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. Its reserves include Peepeekisis 81; Treaty Four Reserve Grounds 77, which is shared with 32 other bands; and Peepeekisis Cree Nation, which is located 19 km (12 mi) east of Balcarres, Saskatchewan, on Highway 10.

Cree language
Cree (/kriː/ KREE; also known as Cree–Montagnais–Naskapi) is a dialect continuum of Algonquian languages spoken by approximately 86,475 people across Canada in 2021, from the Northwest Territories to Alberta to Labrador. If considered one language, it is the aboriginal language with the highest number of speakers in Canada. The only region where Cree has any official status is in the Northwest Territories, alongside eight other aboriginal languages. There, Cree is spoken mainly in Fort Smith and Hay River.
Jungsu Choi Tiny Orkester
Jungsu Choi Tiny Orkester (JTO) is an experimental large jazz ensemble comprising ten performers and composer, Jungsu Choi.

JTO's European debut album Tschüss Jazz Era was released on Challenge Records, followed by a stage appearance at BIMHUIS, Amsterdam. Their music is recognized as unique reinterpretation of old jazz standards such as "Anthropology", "Spain", and "Take the 'A' Train" (retitled as "What if Ellington Didn't Take the A Train?"). JTO was nominated for Korean Music Awards 2019 (category: best jazz performance of the year).

Bimhuis
The Bimhuis is a concert hall for jazz and improvised music in Amsterdam.

With an average of 150 performances a year the Bimhuis is the main stage for these musical genres in the Netherlands. In 2017 it was also a host for the 17th edition of the Sonic Acts Festival.

The Bimhuis was founded in 1973 and opened on October 1, 1974. Until the summer of 2004 it was located at Oude Schans 73–77 in the centre of the city. Since January 2005 it is housed in a new building at the Piet Heinkade 3, next to the Muziekgebouw aan 't IJ, on the southern bank of the IJ river.
OL postcode area
The OL postcode area, also known as the Oldham postcode area, is a group of sixteen postcode districts in north-west England, within seven post towns. These cover northeast Greater Manchester (Oldham, Rochdale, Ashton-under-Lyne, Heywood and Littleborough), and small parts of east Lancashire (Bacup) and West Yorkshire (Todmorden).

Mail for the OL postcode area is processed at Manchester Mail Centre, along with mail for the M, BL and SK postcode areas.

Todmorden
Todmorden (/ˈtɒdmərdən/ TOD-mər-dən; locally /ˈtɒdmɔːrdən, ˈtɒdmərdən, ˈtɔːmdɪn/) is a market town and civil parish in the Upper Calder Valley in Calderdale, West Yorkshire, England. It is 17 miles (27 kilometres) north-east of Manchester, 8 miles (13 km) south-east of Burnley and 9 miles (14 km) west of Halifax. In 2011, it had a population of 15,481.

Todmorden is at the confluence of three steep-sided Pennine valleys and is surrounded by moorlands with outcrops of sandblasted gritstone.

The historic boundary between Yorkshire and Lancashire is the River Calder and its tributary, Walsden Water, which run through the town. The administrative border was altered by the Local Government Act 1888 placing the whole of the town within the West Riding.

The town is served by Todmorden and Walsden railway stations.
Chicago Dramatists
Chicago Dramatists is a theatre in River West, West Town, Chicago, Illinois, US, focused on nurturing playwrights and developing new plays. It was founded in 1979 by Russ Tutterow and is notable for its Network Playwright Program, which offers classes, readings and critiques to writers of all abilities, and readings of new works for the general public. In 1998, the theatre received a special Jeff Award for its almost two decades of developing plays and playwrights in a manner that has enhanced Chicago's reputation for being a cradle for new theatre works. The theater space itself is small and intimate, seating 77.

As well as nurturing new playwrights, Chicago Dramatists lists many established playwrights as part of its community. Resident playwrights have included Keith Huff (whose award-winning play A Steady Rain was developed at Chicago Dramatists), Lydia R. Diamond, Kristiana Rae Colón, Sandra Delgado and Mary Ruth Clarke. The current artistic director is Carson Becker.

Sandra Delgado
Sandra Delgado is a Colombian-American actor, writer, and producer who grew up and works in Chicago, Illinois. She is best known for her work La Havana Madrid, an acclaimed play based in the 1960s about a Chicago nightclub of the same name and the Latino community in Chicago's Lakeview neighborhood.
Michelin TRX
The Michelin TRX, (and the related TDX), is a radial tire introduced by the Michelin Group in 1975. It is one of the first volume-produced low-profile tires. Although technologically advanced, and reasonably successful, the tire's requirement for a non-standard rim ultimately condemned it to a relatively short commercial life.  It has thus been called the "Betamax of the tire industry."

Rim (wheel)
The rim is the "outer edge of a wheel, holding the tire". It makes up the outer circular design of the wheel on which the inside edge of the tire is mounted on vehicles such as automobiles. For example, on a bicycle wheel the rim is a large hoop attached to the outer ends of the spokes of the wheel that holds the tire and tube. In cross-section, the rim is deep in the center and shallow at the outer edges, thus forming a "U" shape that supports the bead of the tire casing.

In the 1st millennium BC, an iron rim was introduced around the wooden wheels of chariots to improve longevity on rough surfaces.
Kaas (surname)
Kaas is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carl Waaler Kaas (born 1982), Norwegian orienteering competitor

Erling Kaas (1915–1996), Norwegian pole vaulter

Frederik Christian Kaas (1725–1803), Danish admiral

Frederik Christian Kaas (1727–1804), Danish admiral

Herman Munthe-Kaas (1890–1977), Norwegian architect

Hugo Munthe-Kaas (1922–2012), Norwegian intelligence agent and resistance fighter

Jon Kaas, professor and scientist

Ludwig Kaas (1881–1952), German priest and politician

Niels Kaas (1535–1594), Danish politician and diplomat

Nikolaj Lie Kaas (born 1973), Danish actor

Patricia Kaas (born 1966), French singer and actress

Preben Kaas (1930–1981), Danish actor

Jon Kaas
Jon Kaas is a professor at Vanderbilt University and a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences. He has made discoveries about the organization of the mammalian brain, including the description of many areas of the cerebral cortex and their neuroplasticity.

Work from the Kaas's laboratory is notable for its emphasis on evolutionary biology. Kaas's approach is to try to understand how complex brains evolved from ancestor forms which had relatively few areas. Some of the career highlights include:

Some of the first descriptions of topographically organized areas in the extrastriate cortex of primates, including the middle temporal area MT, or V5 (Allman and Kaas, 1971), and the dorsomedial area, or V6.

Demonstration of changes in the topographic representation of sensory organs in the cerebral cortex after lesions of the sensory organs (Kaas et al. 1990; see also neuroplasticity).
History of the National Health Service (England)
The National Health Service in England was created by the National Health Service Act 1946. Responsibility for the NHS in Wales was passed to the Secretary of State for Wales in 1969, leaving the Secretary of State for Social Services responsible for the NHS in England by itself.

Secretary of State for Social Services
The secretary of state for social services was a position in the UK cabinet with responsibility for the Department of Health and Social Security between 1968 and 1988. Although the department was titled 'Department of Health and Social Security', the title of the cabinet minister with responsibility for the department was 'secretary of state for social services'.

It was created by an Order in Council which came into operation on 1 November 1968. It transferred the functions of the Minister of Health and the Minister of Social Security to the new Secretary of State, and dissolved those respective ministries.

It continued until 25 July 1988 when the Department of Health and the Department of Social Security were created.

Though when created the position had responsibility for the National Health Service throughout England and Wales, responsibility for the NHS in Wales was transferred to the secretary of state for Wales in 1969.
1987 Walker Cup
The 1987 Walker Cup, the 31st Walker Cup Match, was played on 27 and 28 May 1987, on the Old course at Sunningdale Golf Club, Sunningdale, Berkshire, England. The event was won by the United States 16½ to 7½, their eighth successive win.

The match was one-sided. The United States led 12–4 after the second day foursomes, already having retained the cup. They won 4 and halved one of the 8 remaining singles for their biggest win since 18 holes matches were introduced in 1963.

Sunningdale
Sunningdale is a village and civil parish in Berkshire, England. Located in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead, it takes up the extreme southeast corner of Berkshire and is adjoined by green buffers including Sunningdale Golf Club and Wentworth Golf Club. Its northern peripheral estates adjoin Virginia Water Lake.
2001 Australian Nations Cup Championship
The 2001 Australian Nations Cup Championship was an Australian motor racing competition open to drivers of GT style cars complying with Nations Cup regulations as published by PROCAR and approved by CAMS. The title, which was the second Australian Nations Cup Championship, was contested over an eight round series.

The championship was won by Jim Richards driving a Porsche 911 GT3. It was his second consecutive victory, having won the inaugural Australian Nations Cup Championship in 2000.

Jim Richards (racing driver)
James Charles Richards AM (born 2 September 1947) is a New Zealand racing driver who won numerous championships in his home country and in Australia. While now retired from professional racing, Richards continued to compete in the Touring Car Masters series until 2018.

He was inducted into the New Zealand Motor-racing Hall of Fame in 1994. After a record number of starts and seven victories in the Bathurst 1000, and four Australian Touring Car Championships, Richards was inducted into the V8 Supercars Hall of Fame in 2006 and the Australian Motorsport Hall of Fame in 2015. He is the father of racing driver Steven Richards, and between them they have achieved 12 Bathurst 1000 wins, most recently in 2018.

Richards was appointed an Honorary Member of the Order of Australia in the 2026 Australia Day Honours for "significant service to motor sports as a team owner and driver".
Omak Rock
Omak Rock, also known as Balance Rock, is a balancing rock in the Colville Indian Reservation, in the U.S. state of Washington. Located within the Greater Omak Area of the Okanogan Country, the glacial erratic is about 1,340 feet (410 m) from Omak Lake. It is positioned within the vicinity of the 1872 North Cascades earthquake, which it survived. The fact of its survival has been the basis of studies to help determine the acceleration and intensity of the quake. Some believe that the epicenter of the earthquake may have been very close to Omak Rock. The Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation believe that the rock represents a symbol of nature's perfection in the region.

Omak Lake
Omak Lake is a saline endorheic lake in the U.S. state of Washington, within the Greater Omak Area. The lake covers 3,244 acres (13.13 km2) at an elevation of 950 feet (290 m) and is fed by three small creeks. With a volume of 705,000 acre-feet (870,000,000 m3) and depth of 325 feet (99 m), Omak is the largest saline lake in Washington.

The name Omak comes from the Okanogan placename [umák].

Omak Lake occupies a former channel of the Columbia River.  The Okanagan people once believed that Omak Lake was inhabited by spirits, and avoided the area.
Bhushita Vasistha
Bhushita Vasistha (Nepali: भूषिता वशिष्ठ; born Bhushita Bhattarai, 1989) is a Nepali writer, editor, literary historian, poet, journalist, and performer. She is a Fulbright Scholar and holds an MFA in  Creative Writing from San José State University.

Creative writing
Creative writing is any writing that goes beyond the boundaries of normal professional, journalistic, academic, or technical forms of literature, typically identified by an emphasis on craft and technique, such as narrative structure, character development, literary tropes, genre, and poetics. Both fictional and non-fictional works fall into this category, including such forms as novels, biographies, short stories, poems, and even some forms of journalism. In academic settings, creative writing is typically separated into fiction and poetry classes, with a focus on writing in an original style, as opposed to imitating pre-existing genres such as crime or horror. Writing for the screen and stage—screenwriting and playwriting—are often taught separately, but fit under the creative writing category as well.
Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 1996
Norway was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1996 with the song "I evighet", written by Torhild Nigar, and performed by Elisabeth Andreassen. The Norwegian participating broadcaster, Norsk rikskringkasting (NRK), selected its entry through the Melodi Grand Prix 1996. In addition, NRK was also the host broadcaster and staged the event at the Oslo Spektrum in Oslo, after winning the previous edition with the song "Nocturne" by Secret Garden. This was the last of four Eurovision appearances as a main performer by Andreassen, a record shared with Lys Assia, Fud Leclerc, Valentina Monetta, and Peter, Sue and Marc.

Fud Leclerc
Ferdinand Urbain Dominic Leclerc (French pronunciation: [fyd ləklɛʁ], 1924 – 20 September 2010) was a Belgian singer, who was also the pianist of Juliette Gréco. Leclerc had a career as a pianist, accordionist, songwriter and singer before retiring to travel the world. On his return to Belgium, he began a new career as a building contractor. More recently, Leclerc was invited to the Belgian national final for Eurovision 2005 by the Belgian TV network RTBF as a guest star.

Leclerc represented Belgium at the Eurovision Song Contest four times:

The song Leclerc performed in the 1962 Contest is notable for being the (joint) first song performed at the Contest that scored zero points.

At the time of his death Leclerc was retired, and living in Brussels.
The Winter Murder Case
The Winter Murder Case (1939) is a Philo Vance novella that S. S. Van Dine intended to expand into his twelfth full-length book, a project cut short by his death. The Winter Murder Case seems especially similar to the B mystery movies of the 1930s, a cross between Van Dine's usual style and the film style. It was intended as a vehicle for Sonja Henie.

Van Dine's last two books were intended as Hollywood scenarios. Both are shorter than his typical novels.

Sonja Henie
Sonja Henie (8 April 1912 – 12 October 1969) was a Norwegian figure skater and film star. She was a three-time Olympic champion (1928, 1932, 1936) in women's singles, a ten-time World champion (1927–1936) and a six-time European champion (1931–1936). Henie won more Olympic and World titles than any other ladies' figure skater. She is one of only two skaters to successfully defend a ladies' singles Olympic title, the other being Katarina Witt, and her six consecutive European titles have only been matched by Witt.

At the height of Henie's American acting career, she was one of the highest-paid stars in Hollywood and starred in a series of box-office hits, including Thin Ice (1937), Happy Landing (1938), My Lucky Star (1938), Second Fiddle (1939), and Sun Valley Serenade (1941).